X-Git-Url: https://git.openstreetmap.org/rails.git/blobdiff_plain/a4e5e8437f8c1836c6389f7aa49cc3884f3a7cf7..f8f7ab15685403a2b440723f83fdd8451488c908:/app/controllers/changeset_controller.rb diff --git a/app/controllers/changeset_controller.rb b/app/controllers/changeset_controller.rb index fad797cdc..c03ed9056 100644 --- a/app/controllers/changeset_controller.rb +++ b/app/controllers/changeset_controller.rb @@ -1,68 +1,67 @@ # The ChangesetController is the RESTful interface to Changeset objects class ChangesetController < ApplicationController - require 'xml/libxml' - - before_filter :authorize, :only => [:create, :update, :delete, :upload, :include, :close] - before_filter :check_write_availability, :only => [:create, :update, :delete, :upload, :include] - before_filter :check_read_availability, :except => [:create, :update, :delete, :upload, :download, :query] - after_filter :compress_output - - # Help methods for checking boundary sanity and area size - include MapBoundary + layout "site" + require "xml/libxml" + + skip_before_action :verify_authenticity_token, :except => [:index] + before_action :authorize_web, :only => [:index, :feed, :comments_feed] + before_action :set_locale, :only => [:index, :feed, :comments_feed] + before_action :authorize, :only => [:create, :update, :upload, :close, :comment, :subscribe, :unsubscribe, :hide_comment, :unhide_comment] + before_action :require_moderator, :only => [:hide_comment, :unhide_comment] + before_action :require_allow_write_api, :only => [:create, :update, :upload, :close, :comment, :subscribe, :unsubscribe, :hide_comment, :unhide_comment] + before_action :require_public_data, :only => [:create, :update, :upload, :close, :comment, :subscribe, :unsubscribe] + before_action :check_api_writable, :only => [:create, :update, :upload, :comment, :subscribe, :unsubscribe, :hide_comment, :unhide_comment] + before_action :check_api_readable, :except => [:create, :update, :upload, :download, :query, :index, :feed, :comment, :subscribe, :unsubscribe, :comments_feed] + before_action(:only => [:index, :feed, :comments_feed]) { |c| c.check_database_readable(true) } + around_action :api_call_handle_error, :except => [:index, :feed, :comments_feed] + around_action :api_call_timeout, :except => [:index, :feed, :comments_feed, :upload] + around_action :web_timeout, :only => [:index, :feed, :comments_feed] + + # Helper methods for checking consistency + include ConsistencyValidations # Create a changeset from XML. def create - if request.put? - cs = Changeset.from_xml(request.raw_post, true) + assert_method :put - if cs - cs.user_id = @user.id - cs.save_with_tags! - render :text => cs.id.to_s, :content_type => "text/plain" - else - render :nothing => true, :status => :bad_request - end - else - render :nothing => true, :status => :method_not_allowed - end + cs = Changeset.from_xml(request.raw_post, true) + + # Assume that Changeset.from_xml has thrown an exception if there is an error parsing the xml + cs.user = current_user + cs.save_with_tags! + + # Subscribe user to changeset comments + cs.subscribers << current_user + + render :plain => cs.id.to_s end + ## + # Return XML giving the basic info about the changeset. Does not + # return anything about the nodes, ways and relations in the changeset. def read - begin - changeset = Changeset.find(params[:id]) - render :text => changeset.to_xml.to_s, :content_type => "text/xml" - rescue ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound - render :nothing => true, :status => :not_found - end + changeset = Changeset.find(params[:id]) + + render :xml => changeset.to_xml(params[:include_discussion].presence).to_s end - + ## # marks a changeset as closed. this may be called multiple times # on the same changeset, so is idempotent. - def close - unless request.put? - render :nothing => true, :status => :method_not_allowed - return - end - + def close + assert_method :put + changeset = Changeset.find(params[:id]) - - unless @user.id == changeset.user_id - raise OSM::APIUserChangesetMismatchError - end - + check_changeset_consistency(changeset, current_user) + # to close the changeset, we'll just set its closed_at time to - # now. this might not be enough if there are concurrency issues, + # now. this might not be enough if there are concurrency issues, # but we'll have to wait and see. changeset.set_closed_time_now changeset.save! - render :nothing => true - rescue ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound - render :nothing => true, :status => :not_found - rescue OSM::APIError => ex - render ex.render_opts + head :ok end ## @@ -73,50 +72,39 @@ class ChangesetController < ApplicationController def expand_bbox # only allow POST requests, because although this method is # idempotent, there is no "document" to PUT really... - if request.post? - cs = Changeset.find(params[:id]) - - # check user credentials - only the user who opened a changeset - # may alter it. - unless @user.id == cs.user_id - raise OSM::APIUserChangesetMismatchError - end + assert_method :post - # keep an array of lons and lats - lon = Array.new - lat = Array.new - - # the request is in pseudo-osm format... this is kind-of an - # abuse, maybe should change to some other format? - doc = XML::Parser.string(request.raw_post).parse - doc.find("//osm/node").each do |n| - lon << n['lon'].to_f * GeoRecord::SCALE - lat << n['lat'].to_f * GeoRecord::SCALE - end + cs = Changeset.find(params[:id]) + check_changeset_consistency(cs, current_user) - # add the existing bounding box to the lon-lat array - lon << cs.min_lon unless cs.min_lon.nil? - lat << cs.min_lat unless cs.min_lat.nil? - lon << cs.max_lon unless cs.max_lon.nil? - lat << cs.max_lat unless cs.max_lat.nil? + # keep an array of lons and lats + lon = [] + lat = [] - # collapse the arrays to minimum and maximum - cs.min_lon, cs.min_lat, cs.max_lon, cs.max_lat = - lon.min, lat.min, lon.max, lat.max - - # save the larger bounding box and return the changeset, which - # will include the bigger bounding box. - cs.save! - render :text => cs.to_xml.to_s, :content_type => "text/xml" - - else - render :nothing => true, :status => :method_not_allowed + # the request is in pseudo-osm format... this is kind-of an + # abuse, maybe should change to some other format? + doc = XML::Parser.string(request.raw_post, :options => XML::Parser::Options::NOERROR).parse + doc.find("//osm/node").each do |n| + lon << n["lon"].to_f * GeoRecord::SCALE + lat << n["lat"].to_f * GeoRecord::SCALE end - rescue ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound - render :nothing => true, :status => :not_found - rescue OSM::APIError => ex - render ex.render_opts + # add the existing bounding box to the lon-lat array + lon << cs.min_lon unless cs.min_lon.nil? + lat << cs.min_lat unless cs.min_lat.nil? + lon << cs.max_lon unless cs.max_lon.nil? + lat << cs.max_lat unless cs.max_lat.nil? + + # collapse the arrays to minimum and maximum + cs.min_lon = lon.min + cs.min_lat = lat.min + cs.max_lon = lon.max + cs.max_lat = lat.max + + # save the larger bounding box and return the changeset, which + # will include the bigger bounding box. + cs.save! + render :xml => cs.to_xml.to_s end ## @@ -129,139 +117,122 @@ class ChangesetController < ApplicationController # Furthermore, each element in the diff can only reference the current # changeset. # - # Returns: a diffResult document, as described in - # http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/index.php/OSM_Protocol_Version_0.6 + # Returns: a diffResult document, as described in + # http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/OSM_Protocol_Version_0.6 def upload # only allow POST requests, as the upload method is most definitely # not idempotent, as several uploads with placeholder IDs will have # different side-effects. # see http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec9.html#sec9.1.2 - unless request.post? - render :nothing => true, :status => :method_not_allowed - return - end + assert_method :post changeset = Changeset.find(params[:id]) + check_changeset_consistency(changeset, current_user) - # access control - only the user who created a changeset may - # upload to it. - unless @user.id == changeset.user_id - raise OSM::APIUserChangesetMismatchError - end - diff_reader = DiffReader.new(request.raw_post, changeset) Changeset.transaction do result = diff_reader.commit - render :text => result.to_s, :content_type => "text/xml" + render :xml => result.to_s end - - rescue ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound - render :nothing => true, :status => :not_found - rescue OSM::APIError => ex - render ex.render_opts end ## # download the changeset as an osmChange document. # # to make it easier to revert diffs it would be better if the osmChange - # format were reversible, i.e: contained both old and new versions of + # format were reversible, i.e: contained both old and new versions of # modified elements. but it doesn't at the moment... # # this method cannot order the database changes fully (i.e: timestamp and # version number may be too coarse) so the resulting diff may not apply - # to a different database. however since changesets are not atomic this + # to a different database. however since changesets are not atomic this # behaviour cannot be guaranteed anyway and is the result of a design # choice. def download changeset = Changeset.find(params[:id]) - - # get all the elements in the changeset and stick them in a big array. - elements = [changeset.old_nodes, - changeset.old_ways, - changeset.old_relations].flatten - - # sort the elements by timestamp and version number, as this is the - # almost sensible ordering available. this would be much nicer if - # global (SVN-style) versioning were used - then that would be + + # get all the elements in the changeset which haven't been redacted + # and stick them in a big array. + elements = [changeset.old_nodes.unredacted, + changeset.old_ways.unredacted, + changeset.old_relations.unredacted].flatten + + # sort the elements by timestamp and version number, as this is the + # almost sensible ordering available. this would be much nicer if + # global (SVN-style) versioning were used - then that would be # unambiguous. - elements.sort! do |a, b| - if (a.timestamp == b.timestamp) + elements.sort! do |a, b| + if a.timestamp == b.timestamp a.version <=> b.version else - a.timestamp <=> b.timestamp + a.timestamp <=> b.timestamp end end - + + # create changeset and user caches + changeset_cache = {} + user_display_name_cache = {} + # create an osmChange document for the output result = OSM::API.new.get_xml_doc result.root.name = "osmChange" # generate an output element for each operation. note: we avoid looking - # at the history because it is simpler - but it would be more correct to + # at the history because it is simpler - but it would be more correct to # check these assertions. elements.each do |elt| result.root << - if (elt.version == 1) + if elt.version == 1 # first version, so it must be newly-created. created = XML::Node.new "create" - created << elt.to_xml_node + created << elt.to_xml_node(changeset_cache, user_display_name_cache) + elsif elt.visible + # must be a modify + modified = XML::Node.new "modify" + modified << elt.to_xml_node(changeset_cache, user_display_name_cache) else - # get the previous version from the element history - prev_elt = elt.class.find(:first, :conditions => - ['id = ? and version = ?', - elt.id, elt.version]) - unless elt.visible - # if the element isn't visible then it must have been deleted, so - # output the *previous* XML - deleted = XML::Node.new "delete" - deleted << prev_elt.to_xml_node - else - # must be a modify, for which we don't need the previous version - # yet... - modified = XML::Node.new "modify" - modified << elt.to_xml_node - end + # if the element isn't visible then it must have been deleted + deleted = XML::Node.new "delete" + deleted << elt.to_xml_node(changeset_cache, user_display_name_cache) end end - render :text => result.to_s, :content_type => "text/xml" - - rescue ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound - render :nothing => true, :status => :not_found - rescue OSM::APIError => ex - render ex.render_opts + render :xml => result.to_s end ## # query changesets by bounding box, time, user or open/closed status. def query + # find any bounding box + bbox = BoundingBox.from_bbox_params(params) if params["bbox"] + # create the conditions that the user asked for. some or all of # these may be nil. - conditions = conditions_bbox(params['bbox']) - conditions = cond_merge conditions, conditions_user(params['user']) - conditions = cond_merge conditions, conditions_time(params['time']) - conditions = cond_merge conditions, conditions_open(params['open']) + changesets = Changeset.all + changesets = conditions_bbox(changesets, bbox) + changesets = conditions_user(changesets, params["user"], params["display_name"]) + changesets = conditions_time(changesets, params["time"]) + changesets = conditions_open(changesets, params["open"]) + changesets = conditions_closed(changesets, params["closed"]) + changesets = conditions_ids(changesets, params["changesets"]) + + # sort and limit the changesets + changesets = changesets.order("created_at DESC").limit(100) + + # preload users, tags and comments + changesets = changesets.preload(:user, :changeset_tags, :comments) # create the results document results = OSM::API.new.get_xml_doc # add all matching changesets to the XML results document - Changeset.find(:all, - :conditions => conditions, - :limit => 100, - :order => 'created_at desc').each do |cs| + changesets.order("created_at DESC").limit(100).each do |cs| results.root << cs.to_xml_node end - render :text => results.to_s, :content_type => "text/xml" - - rescue ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound - render :nothing => true, :status => :not_found - rescue OSM::APIError => ex - render ex.render_opts + render :xml => results.to_s end - + ## # updates a changeset's tags. none of the changeset's attributes are # user-modifiable, so they will be ignored. @@ -272,119 +243,352 @@ class ChangesetController < ApplicationController # after succesful update, returns the XML of the changeset. def update # request *must* be a PUT. - unless request.put? - render :nothing => true, :status => :method_not_allowed - return - end - + assert_method :put + changeset = Changeset.find(params[:id]) new_changeset = Changeset.from_xml(request.raw_post) - unless new_changeset.nil? - changeset.update_from(new_changeset, @user) - render :text => changeset.to_xml, :mime_type => "text/xml" + check_changeset_consistency(changeset, current_user) + changeset.update_from(new_changeset, current_user) + render :xml => changeset.to_xml.to_s + end + + ## + # list non-empty changesets in reverse chronological order + def index + @params = params.permit(:display_name, :bbox, :friends, :nearby, :max_id, :list) + + if request.format == :atom && @params[:max_id] + redirect_to url_for(@params.merge(:max_id => nil)), :status => :moved_permanently + return + end + + if @params[:display_name] + user = User.find_by(:display_name => @params[:display_name]) + if !user || !user.active? + render_unknown_user @params[:display_name] + return + end + end + + if (@params[:friends] || @params[:nearby]) && !current_user + require_user + return + end + + if request.format == :html && !@params[:list] + require_oauth + render :action => :history, :layout => map_layout else - - render :nothing => true, :status => :bad_request + changesets = conditions_nonempty(Changeset.all) + + if @params[:display_name] + changesets = if user.data_public? || user == current_user + changesets.where(:user_id => user.id) + else + changesets.where("false") + end + elsif @params[:bbox] + changesets = conditions_bbox(changesets, BoundingBox.from_bbox_params(params)) + elsif @params[:friends] && current_user + changesets = changesets.where(:user_id => current_user.friend_users.identifiable) + elsif @params[:nearby] && current_user + changesets = changesets.where(:user_id => current_user.nearby) + end + + changesets = changesets.where("changesets.id <= ?", @params[:max_id]) if @params[:max_id] + + @edits = changesets.order("changesets.id DESC").limit(20).preload(:user, :changeset_tags, :comments) + + render :action => :index, :layout => false end - - rescue ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound - render :nothing => true, :status => :not_found - rescue OSM::APIError => ex - render ex.render_opts end -private - #------------------------------------------------------------ - # utility functions below. - #------------------------------------------------------------ + ## + # list edits as an atom feed + def feed + index + end ## - # merge two conditions - def cond_merge(a, b) - if a and b - a_str = a.shift - b_str = b.shift - return [ a_str + " and " + b_str ] + a + b - elsif a - return a - else b - return b + # Add a comment to a changeset + def comment + # Check the arguments are sane + raise OSM::APIBadUserInput, "No id was given" unless params[:id] + raise OSM::APIBadUserInput, "No text was given" if params[:text].blank? + + # Extract the arguments + id = params[:id].to_i + body = params[:text] + + # Find the changeset and check it is valid + changeset = Changeset.find(id) + raise OSM::APIChangesetNotYetClosedError, changeset if changeset.is_open? + + # Add a comment to the changeset + comment = changeset.comments.create(:changeset => changeset, + :body => body, + :author => current_user) + + # Notify current subscribers of the new comment + changeset.subscribers.visible.each do |user| + Notifier.changeset_comment_notification(comment, user).deliver_now if current_user != user end + + # Add the commenter to the subscribers if necessary + changeset.subscribers << current_user unless changeset.subscribers.exists?(current_user.id) + + # Return a copy of the updated changeset + render :xml => changeset.to_xml.to_s end ## - # if a bounding box was specified then parse it and do some sanity - # checks. this is mostly the same as the map call, but without the - # area restriction. - def conditions_bbox(bbox) - unless bbox.nil? - raise OSM::APIBadUserInput.new("Bounding box should be min_lon,min_lat,max_lon,max_lat") unless bbox.count(',') == 3 - bbox = sanitise_boundaries(bbox.split(/,/)) - raise OSM::APIBadUserInput.new("Minimum longitude should be less than maximum.") unless bbox[0] <= bbox[2] - raise OSM::APIBadUserInput.new("Minimum latitude should be less than maximum.") unless bbox[1] <= bbox[3] - return ['min_lon < ? and max_lon > ? and min_lat < ? and max_lat > ?', - bbox[2] * GeoRecord::SCALE, bbox[0] * GeoRecord::SCALE, bbox[3]* GeoRecord::SCALE, bbox[1] * GeoRecord::SCALE] + # Adds a subscriber to the changeset + def subscribe + # Check the arguments are sane + raise OSM::APIBadUserInput, "No id was given" unless params[:id] + + # Extract the arguments + id = params[:id].to_i + + # Find the changeset and check it is valid + changeset = Changeset.find(id) + raise OSM::APIChangesetAlreadySubscribedError, changeset if changeset.subscribers.exists?(current_user.id) + + # Add the subscriber + changeset.subscribers << current_user + + # Return a copy of the updated changeset + render :xml => changeset.to_xml.to_s + end + + ## + # Removes a subscriber from the changeset + def unsubscribe + # Check the arguments are sane + raise OSM::APIBadUserInput, "No id was given" unless params[:id] + + # Extract the arguments + id = params[:id].to_i + + # Find the changeset and check it is valid + changeset = Changeset.find(id) + raise OSM::APIChangesetNotSubscribedError, changeset unless changeset.subscribers.exists?(current_user.id) + + # Remove the subscriber + changeset.subscribers.delete(current_user) + + # Return a copy of the updated changeset + render :xml => changeset.to_xml.to_s + end + + ## + # Sets visible flag on comment to false + def hide_comment + # Check the arguments are sane + raise OSM::APIBadUserInput, "No id was given" unless params[:id] + + # Extract the arguments + id = params[:id].to_i + + # Find the changeset + comment = ChangesetComment.find(id) + + # Hide the comment + comment.update(:visible => false) + + # Return a copy of the updated changeset + render :xml => comment.changeset.to_xml.to_s + end + + ## + # Sets visible flag on comment to true + def unhide_comment + # Check the arguments are sane + raise OSM::APIBadUserInput, "No id was given" unless params[:id] + + # Extract the arguments + id = params[:id].to_i + + # Find the changeset + comment = ChangesetComment.find(id) + + # Unhide the comment + comment.update(:visible => true) + + # Return a copy of the updated changeset + render :xml => comment.changeset.to_xml.to_s + end + + ## + # Get a feed of recent changeset comments + def comments_feed + if params[:id] + # Extract the arguments + id = params[:id].to_i + + # Find the changeset + changeset = Changeset.find(id) + + # Return comments for this changeset only + @comments = changeset.comments.includes(:author, :changeset).limit(comments_limit) + else + # Return comments + @comments = ChangesetComment.includes(:author, :changeset).where(:visible => true).order("created_at DESC").limit(comments_limit).preload(:changeset) + end + + # Render the result + respond_to do |format| + format.rss + end + rescue OSM::APIBadUserInput + head :bad_request + end + + private + + #------------------------------------------------------------ + # utility functions below. + #------------------------------------------------------------ + + ## + # if a bounding box was specified do some sanity checks. + # restrict changesets to those enclosed by a bounding box + # we need to return both the changesets and the bounding box + def conditions_bbox(changesets, bbox) + if bbox + bbox.check_boundaries + bbox = bbox.to_scaled + + changesets.where("min_lon < ? and max_lon > ? and min_lat < ? and max_lat > ?", + bbox.max_lon.to_i, bbox.min_lon.to_i, + bbox.max_lat.to_i, bbox.min_lat.to_i) else - return nil + changesets end end ## # restrict changesets to those by a particular user - def conditions_user(user) - unless user.nil? - # user input checking, we don't have any UIDs < 1 - raise OSM::APIBadUserInput.new("invalid user ID") if user.to_i < 1 + def conditions_user(changesets, user, name) + if user.nil? && name.nil? + changesets + else + # shouldn't provide both name and UID + raise OSM::APIBadUserInput, "provide either the user ID or display name, but not both" if user && name - u = User.find(user.to_i) - # should be able to get changesets of public users only, or + # use either the name or the UID to find the user which we're selecting on. + u = if name.nil? + # user input checking, we don't have any UIDs < 1 + raise OSM::APIBadUserInput, "invalid user ID" if user.to_i < 1 + + u = User.find(user.to_i) + else + u = User.find_by(:display_name => name) + end + + # make sure we found a user + raise OSM::APINotFoundError if u.nil? + + # should be able to get changesets of public users only, or # our own changesets regardless of public-ness. unless u.data_public? # get optional user auth stuff so that users can see their own # changesets if they're non-public setup_user_auth - - raise OSM::APINotFoundError if @user.nil? or @user.id != u.id + + raise OSM::APINotFoundError if current_user.nil? || current_user != u end - return ['user_id = ?', u.id] - else - return nil + + changesets.where(:user_id => u.id) end end ## - # restrict changes to those during a particular time period - def conditions_time(time) - unless time.nil? - # if there is a range, i.e: comma separated, then the first is + # restrict changes to those closed during a particular time period + def conditions_time(changesets, time) + if time.nil? + changesets + elsif time.count(",") == 1 + # if there is a range, i.e: comma separated, then the first is # low, second is high - same as with bounding boxes. - if time.count(',') == 1 - # check that we actually have 2 elements in the array - times = time.split(/,/) - raise OSM::APIBadUserInput.new("bad time range") if times.size != 2 - from, to = times.collect { |t| DateTime.parse(t) } - return ['closed_at >= ? and created_at <= ?', from, to] - else - # if there is no comma, assume its a lower limit on time - return ['closed_at >= ?', DateTime.parse(time)] - end + # check that we actually have 2 elements in the array + times = time.split(/,/) + raise OSM::APIBadUserInput, "bad time range" if times.size != 2 + + from, to = times.collect { |t| Time.parse(t) } + changesets.where("closed_at >= ? and created_at <= ?", from, to) else - return nil + # if there is no comma, assume its a lower limit on time + changesets.where("closed_at >= ?", Time.parse(time)) end - # stupid DateTime seems to throw both of these for bad parsing, so + # stupid Time seems to throw both of these for bad parsing, so # we have to catch both and ensure the correct code path is taken. rescue ArgumentError => ex - raise OSM::APIBadUserInput.new(ex.message.to_s) + raise OSM::APIBadUserInput, ex.message.to_s rescue RuntimeError => ex - raise OSM::APIBadUserInput.new(ex.message.to_s) + raise OSM::APIBadUserInput, ex.message.to_s end ## - # restrict changes to those which are open - def conditions_open(open) - return open.nil? ? nil : ['closed_at >= ?', DateTime.now] + # return changesets which are open (haven't been closed yet) + # we do this by seeing if the 'closed at' time is in the future. Also if we've + # hit the maximum number of changes then it counts as no longer open. + # if parameter 'open' is nill then open and closed changesets are returned + def conditions_open(changesets, open) + if open.nil? + changesets + else + changesets.where("closed_at >= ? and num_changes <= ?", + Time.now.getutc, Changeset::MAX_ELEMENTS) + end end + ## + # query changesets which are closed + # ('closed at' time has passed or changes limit is hit) + def conditions_closed(changesets, closed) + if closed.nil? + changesets + else + changesets.where("closed_at < ? or num_changes > ?", + Time.now.getutc, Changeset::MAX_ELEMENTS) + end + end + + ## + # query changesets by a list of ids + # (either specified as array or comma-separated string) + def conditions_ids(changesets, ids) + if ids.nil? + changesets + elsif ids.empty? + raise OSM::APIBadUserInput, "No changesets were given to search for" + else + ids = ids.split(",").collect(&:to_i) + changesets.where(:id => ids) + end + end + + ## + # eliminate empty changesets (where the bbox has not been set) + # this should be applied to all changeset list displays + def conditions_nonempty(changesets) + changesets.where("num_changes > 0") + end + + ## + # Get the maximum number of comments to return + def comments_limit + if params[:limit] + if params[:limit].to_i.positive? && params[:limit].to_i <= 10000 + params[:limit].to_i + else + raise OSM::APIBadUserInput, "Comments limit must be between 1 and 10000" + end + else + 100 + end + end end