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1 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
2 #
3 # This file is part of Nominatim. (https://nominatim.org)
4 #
5 # Copyright (C) 2023 by the Nominatim developer community.
6 # For a full list of authors see the git log.
7 """
8 Implementation of reverse geocoding.
9 """
10 from typing import Optional, List, Callable, Type, Tuple, Dict, Any, cast, Union
11 import functools
12
13 import sqlalchemy as sa
14
15 from nominatim.typing import SaColumn, SaSelect, SaFromClause, SaLabel, SaRow,\
16                              SaBind, SaLambdaSelect
17 from nominatim.api.connection import SearchConnection
18 import nominatim.api.results as nres
19 from nominatim.api.logging import log
20 from nominatim.api.types import AnyPoint, DataLayer, ReverseDetails, GeometryFormat, Bbox
21 from nominatim.db.sqlalchemy_types import Geometry
22
23 # In SQLAlchemy expression which compare with NULL need to be expressed with
24 # the equal sign.
25 # pylint: disable=singleton-comparison
26
27 RowFunc = Callable[[Optional[SaRow], Type[nres.ReverseResult]], Optional[nres.ReverseResult]]
28
29 WKT_PARAM: SaBind = sa.bindparam('wkt', type_=Geometry)
30 MAX_RANK_PARAM: SaBind = sa.bindparam('max_rank')
31
32 def no_index(expr: SaColumn) -> SaColumn:
33     """ Wrap the given expression, so that the query planner will
34         refrain from using the expression for index lookup.
35     """
36     return sa.func.coalesce(sa.null(), expr) # pylint: disable=not-callable
37
38
39 def _select_from_placex(t: SaFromClause, use_wkt: bool = True) -> SaSelect:
40     """ Create a select statement with the columns relevant for reverse
41         results.
42     """
43     if not use_wkt:
44         distance = t.c.distance
45         centroid = t.c.centroid
46     else:
47         distance = t.c.geometry.ST_Distance(WKT_PARAM)
48         centroid = sa.case((t.c.geometry.is_line_like(), t.c.geometry.ST_ClosestPoint(WKT_PARAM)),
49                            else_=t.c.centroid).label('centroid')
50
51
52     return sa.select(t.c.place_id, t.c.osm_type, t.c.osm_id, t.c.name,
53                      t.c.class_, t.c.type,
54                      t.c.address, t.c.extratags,
55                      t.c.housenumber, t.c.postcode, t.c.country_code,
56                      t.c.importance, t.c.wikipedia,
57                      t.c.parent_place_id, t.c.rank_address, t.c.rank_search,
58                      centroid,
59                      t.c.linked_place_id, t.c.admin_level,
60                      distance.label('distance'),
61                      t.c.geometry.ST_Expand(0).label('bbox'))
62
63
64 def _interpolated_housenumber(table: SaFromClause) -> SaLabel:
65     return sa.cast(table.c.startnumber
66                     + sa.func.round(((table.c.endnumber - table.c.startnumber) * table.c.position)
67                                     / table.c.step) * table.c.step,
68                    sa.Integer).label('housenumber')
69
70
71 def _interpolated_position(table: SaFromClause) -> SaLabel:
72     fac = sa.cast(table.c.step, sa.Float) / (table.c.endnumber - table.c.startnumber)
73     rounded_pos = sa.func.round(table.c.position / fac) * fac
74     return sa.case(
75              (table.c.endnumber == table.c.startnumber, table.c.linegeo.ST_Centroid()),
76               else_=table.c.linegeo.ST_LineInterpolatePoint(rounded_pos)).label('centroid')
77
78
79 def _locate_interpolation(table: SaFromClause) -> SaLabel:
80     """ Given a position, locate the closest point on the line.
81     """
82     return sa.case((table.c.linegeo.is_line_like(),
83                     table.c.linegeo.ST_LineLocatePoint(WKT_PARAM)),
84                    else_=0).label('position')
85
86
87 def _get_closest(*rows: Optional[SaRow]) -> Optional[SaRow]:
88     return min(rows, key=lambda row: 1000 if row is None else row.distance)
89
90
91 class ReverseGeocoder:
92     """ Class implementing the logic for looking up a place from a
93         coordinate.
94     """
95
96     def __init__(self, conn: SearchConnection, params: ReverseDetails,
97                  restrict_to_country_areas: bool = False) -> None:
98         self.conn = conn
99         self.params = params
100         self.restrict_to_country_areas = restrict_to_country_areas
101
102         self.bind_params: Dict[str, Any] = {'max_rank': params.max_rank}
103
104
105     @property
106     def max_rank(self) -> int:
107         """ Return the maximum configured rank.
108         """
109         return self.params.max_rank
110
111
112     def has_geometries(self) -> bool:
113         """ Check if any geometries are requested.
114         """
115         return bool(self.params.geometry_output)
116
117
118     def layer_enabled(self, *layer: DataLayer) -> bool:
119         """ Return true when any of the given layer types are requested.
120         """
121         return any(self.params.layers & l for l in layer)
122
123
124     def layer_disabled(self, *layer: DataLayer) -> bool:
125         """ Return true when none of the given layer types is requested.
126         """
127         return not any(self.params.layers & l for l in layer)
128
129
130     def has_feature_layers(self) -> bool:
131         """ Return true if any layer other than ADDRESS or POI is requested.
132         """
133         return self.layer_enabled(DataLayer.RAILWAY, DataLayer.MANMADE, DataLayer.NATURAL)
134
135
136     def _add_geometry_columns(self, sql: SaLambdaSelect, col: SaColumn) -> SaSelect:
137         out = []
138
139         if self.params.geometry_simplification > 0.0:
140             col = sa.func.ST_SimplifyPreserveTopology(col, self.params.geometry_simplification)
141
142         if self.params.geometry_output & GeometryFormat.GEOJSON:
143             out.append(sa.func.ST_AsGeoJSON(col, 7).label('geometry_geojson'))
144         if self.params.geometry_output & GeometryFormat.TEXT:
145             out.append(sa.func.ST_AsText(col).label('geometry_text'))
146         if self.params.geometry_output & GeometryFormat.KML:
147             out.append(sa.func.ST_AsKML(col, 7).label('geometry_kml'))
148         if self.params.geometry_output & GeometryFormat.SVG:
149             out.append(sa.func.ST_AsSVG(col, 0, 7).label('geometry_svg'))
150
151         return sql.add_columns(*out)
152
153
154     def _filter_by_layer(self, table: SaFromClause) -> SaColumn:
155         if self.layer_enabled(DataLayer.MANMADE):
156             exclude = []
157             if self.layer_disabled(DataLayer.RAILWAY):
158                 exclude.append('railway')
159             if self.layer_disabled(DataLayer.NATURAL):
160                 exclude.extend(('natural', 'water', 'waterway'))
161             return table.c.class_.not_in(tuple(exclude))
162
163         include = []
164         if self.layer_enabled(DataLayer.RAILWAY):
165             include.append('railway')
166         if self.layer_enabled(DataLayer.NATURAL):
167             include.extend(('natural', 'water', 'waterway'))
168         return table.c.class_.in_(tuple(include))
169
170
171     async def _find_closest_street_or_poi(self, distance: float) -> Optional[SaRow]:
172         """ Look up the closest rank 26+ place in the database, which
173             is closer than the given distance.
174         """
175         t = self.conn.t.placex
176
177         # PostgreSQL must not get the distance as a parameter because
178         # there is a danger it won't be able to proberly estimate index use
179         # when used with prepared statements
180         diststr = sa.text(f"{distance}")
181
182         sql: SaLambdaSelect = sa.lambda_stmt(lambda: _select_from_placex(t)
183                 .where(t.c.geometry.within_distance(WKT_PARAM, diststr))
184                 .where(t.c.indexed_status == 0)
185                 .where(t.c.linked_place_id == None)
186                 .where(sa.or_(sa.not_(t.c.geometry.is_area()),
187                               t.c.centroid.ST_Distance(WKT_PARAM) < diststr))
188                 .order_by('distance')
189                 .limit(1))
190
191         if self.has_geometries():
192             sql = self._add_geometry_columns(sql, t.c.geometry)
193
194         restrict: List[Union[SaColumn, Callable[[], SaColumn]]] = []
195
196         if self.layer_enabled(DataLayer.ADDRESS):
197             max_rank = min(29, self.max_rank)
198             restrict.append(lambda: no_index(t.c.rank_address).between(26, max_rank))
199             if self.max_rank == 30:
200                 restrict.append(lambda: sa.func.IsAddressPoint(t))
201         if self.layer_enabled(DataLayer.POI) and self.max_rank == 30:
202             restrict.append(lambda: sa.and_(no_index(t.c.rank_search) == 30,
203                                             t.c.class_.not_in(('place', 'building')),
204                                             sa.not_(t.c.geometry.is_line_like())))
205         if self.has_feature_layers():
206             restrict.append(sa.and_(no_index(t.c.rank_search).between(26, MAX_RANK_PARAM),
207                                     no_index(t.c.rank_address) == 0,
208                                     self._filter_by_layer(t)))
209
210         if not restrict:
211             return None
212
213         sql = sql.where(sa.or_(*restrict))
214
215         return (await self.conn.execute(sql, self.bind_params)).one_or_none()
216
217
218     async def _find_housenumber_for_street(self, parent_place_id: int) -> Optional[SaRow]:
219         t = self.conn.t.placex
220
221         sql: SaLambdaSelect = sa.lambda_stmt(lambda: _select_from_placex(t)
222                 .where(t.c.geometry.within_distance(WKT_PARAM, 0.001))
223                 .where(t.c.parent_place_id == parent_place_id)
224                 .where(sa.func.IsAddressPoint(t))
225                 .where(t.c.indexed_status == 0)
226                 .where(t.c.linked_place_id == None)
227                 .order_by('distance')
228                 .limit(1))
229
230         if self.has_geometries():
231             sql = self._add_geometry_columns(sql, t.c.geometry)
232
233         return (await self.conn.execute(sql, self.bind_params)).one_or_none()
234
235
236     async def _find_interpolation_for_street(self, parent_place_id: Optional[int],
237                                              distance: float) -> Optional[SaRow]:
238         t = self.conn.t.osmline
239
240         sql: Any = sa.lambda_stmt(lambda:
241                    sa.select(t,
242                              t.c.linegeo.ST_Distance(WKT_PARAM).label('distance'),
243                              _locate_interpolation(t))
244                      .where(t.c.linegeo.within_distance(WKT_PARAM, distance))
245                      .where(t.c.startnumber != None)
246                      .order_by('distance')
247                      .limit(1))
248
249         if parent_place_id is not None:
250             sql += lambda s: s.where(t.c.parent_place_id == parent_place_id)
251
252         def _wrap_query(base_sql: SaLambdaSelect) -> SaSelect:
253             inner = base_sql.subquery('ipol')
254
255             return sa.select(inner.c.place_id, inner.c.osm_id,
256                              inner.c.parent_place_id, inner.c.address,
257                              _interpolated_housenumber(inner),
258                              _interpolated_position(inner),
259                              inner.c.postcode, inner.c.country_code,
260                              inner.c.distance)
261
262         sql += _wrap_query
263
264         if self.has_geometries():
265             sub = sql.subquery('geom')
266             sql = self._add_geometry_columns(sa.select(sub), sub.c.centroid)
267
268         return (await self.conn.execute(sql, self.bind_params)).one_or_none()
269
270
271     async def _find_tiger_number_for_street(self, parent_place_id: int) -> Optional[SaRow]:
272         t = self.conn.t.tiger
273
274         def _base_query() -> SaSelect:
275             inner = sa.select(t,
276                               t.c.linegeo.ST_Distance(WKT_PARAM).label('distance'),
277                               _locate_interpolation(t))\
278                       .where(t.c.linegeo.within_distance(WKT_PARAM, 0.001))\
279                       .where(t.c.parent_place_id == parent_place_id)\
280                       .order_by('distance')\
281                       .limit(1)\
282                       .subquery('tiger')
283
284             return sa.select(inner.c.place_id,
285                              inner.c.parent_place_id,
286                              _interpolated_housenumber(inner),
287                              _interpolated_position(inner),
288                              inner.c.postcode,
289                              inner.c.distance)
290
291         sql: SaLambdaSelect = sa.lambda_stmt(_base_query)
292
293         if self.has_geometries():
294             sub = sql.subquery('geom')
295             sql = self._add_geometry_columns(sa.select(sub), sub.c.centroid)
296
297         return (await self.conn.execute(sql, self.bind_params)).one_or_none()
298
299
300     async def lookup_street_poi(self) -> Tuple[Optional[SaRow], RowFunc]:
301         """ Find a street or POI/address for the given WKT point.
302         """
303         log().section('Reverse lookup on street/address level')
304         distance = 0.006
305         parent_place_id = None
306
307         row = await self._find_closest_street_or_poi(distance)
308         row_func: RowFunc = nres.create_from_placex_row
309         log().var_dump('Result (street/building)', row)
310
311         # If the closest result was a street, but an address was requested,
312         # check for a housenumber nearby which is part of the street.
313         if row is not None:
314             if self.max_rank > 27 \
315                and self.layer_enabled(DataLayer.ADDRESS) \
316                and row.rank_address <= 27:
317                 distance = 0.001
318                 parent_place_id = row.place_id
319                 log().comment('Find housenumber for street')
320                 addr_row = await self._find_housenumber_for_street(parent_place_id)
321                 log().var_dump('Result (street housenumber)', addr_row)
322
323                 if addr_row is not None:
324                     row = addr_row
325                     row_func = nres.create_from_placex_row
326                     distance = addr_row.distance
327                 elif row.country_code == 'us' and parent_place_id is not None:
328                     log().comment('Find TIGER housenumber for street')
329                     addr_row = await self._find_tiger_number_for_street(parent_place_id)
330                     log().var_dump('Result (street Tiger housenumber)', addr_row)
331
332                     if addr_row is not None:
333                         row_func = cast(RowFunc,
334                                         functools.partial(nres.create_from_tiger_row,
335                                                           osm_type=row.osm_type,
336                                                           osm_id=row.osm_id))
337                         row = addr_row
338             else:
339                 distance = row.distance
340
341         # Check for an interpolation that is either closer than our result
342         # or belongs to a close street found.
343         if self.max_rank > 27 and self.layer_enabled(DataLayer.ADDRESS):
344             log().comment('Find interpolation for street')
345             addr_row = await self._find_interpolation_for_street(parent_place_id,
346                                                                  distance)
347             log().var_dump('Result (street interpolation)', addr_row)
348             if addr_row is not None:
349                 row = addr_row
350                 row_func = nres.create_from_osmline_row
351
352         return row, row_func
353
354
355     async def _lookup_area_address(self) -> Optional[SaRow]:
356         """ Lookup large addressable areas for the given WKT point.
357         """
358         log().comment('Reverse lookup by larger address area features')
359         t = self.conn.t.placex
360
361         def _base_query() -> SaSelect:
362             # The inner SQL brings results in the right order, so that
363             # later only a minimum of results needs to be checked with ST_Contains.
364             inner = sa.select(t, sa.literal(0.0).label('distance'))\
365                       .where(t.c.rank_search.between(5, MAX_RANK_PARAM))\
366                       .where(t.c.geometry.intersects(WKT_PARAM))\
367                       .where(sa.func.PlacexGeometryReverseLookuppolygon())\
368                       .order_by(sa.desc(t.c.rank_search))\
369                       .limit(50)\
370                       .subquery('area')
371
372             return _select_from_placex(inner, False)\
373                       .where(inner.c.geometry.ST_Contains(WKT_PARAM))\
374                       .order_by(sa.desc(inner.c.rank_search))\
375                       .limit(1)
376
377         sql: SaLambdaSelect = sa.lambda_stmt(_base_query)
378         if self.has_geometries():
379             sql = self._add_geometry_columns(sql, sa.literal_column('area.geometry'))
380
381         address_row = (await self.conn.execute(sql, self.bind_params)).one_or_none()
382         log().var_dump('Result (area)', address_row)
383
384         if address_row is not None and address_row.rank_search < self.max_rank:
385             log().comment('Search for better matching place nodes inside the area')
386
387             address_rank = address_row.rank_search
388             address_id = address_row.place_id
389
390             def _place_inside_area_query() -> SaSelect:
391                 inner = \
392                     sa.select(t,
393                               t.c.geometry.ST_Distance(WKT_PARAM).label('distance'))\
394                       .where(t.c.rank_search > address_rank)\
395                       .where(t.c.rank_search <= MAX_RANK_PARAM)\
396                       .where(t.c.indexed_status == 0)\
397                       .where(sa.func.IntersectsReverseDistance(t, WKT_PARAM))\
398                       .order_by(sa.desc(t.c.rank_search))\
399                       .limit(50)\
400                       .subquery('places')
401
402                 touter = t.alias('outer')
403                 return _select_from_placex(inner, False)\
404                     .join(touter, touter.c.geometry.ST_Contains(inner.c.geometry))\
405                     .where(touter.c.place_id == address_id)\
406                     .where(sa.func.IsBelowReverseDistance(inner.c.distance, inner.c.rank_search))\
407                     .order_by(sa.desc(inner.c.rank_search), inner.c.distance)\
408                     .limit(1)
409
410             sql = sa.lambda_stmt(_place_inside_area_query)
411             if self.has_geometries():
412                 sql = self._add_geometry_columns(sql, sa.literal_column('places.geometry'))
413
414             place_address_row = (await self.conn.execute(sql, self.bind_params)).one_or_none()
415             log().var_dump('Result (place node)', place_address_row)
416
417             if place_address_row is not None:
418                 return place_address_row
419
420         return address_row
421
422
423     async def _lookup_area_others(self) -> Optional[SaRow]:
424         t = self.conn.t.placex
425
426         inner = sa.select(t, t.c.geometry.ST_Distance(WKT_PARAM).label('distance'))\
427                   .where(t.c.rank_address == 0)\
428                   .where(t.c.rank_search.between(5, MAX_RANK_PARAM))\
429                   .where(t.c.name != None)\
430                   .where(t.c.indexed_status == 0)\
431                   .where(t.c.linked_place_id == None)\
432                   .where(self._filter_by_layer(t))\
433                   .where(t.c.geometry.intersects(sa.func.ST_Expand(WKT_PARAM, 0.007)))\
434                   .order_by(sa.desc(t.c.rank_search))\
435                   .order_by('distance')\
436                   .limit(50)\
437                   .subquery()
438
439         sql = _select_from_placex(inner, False)\
440                   .where(sa.or_(sa.not_(inner.c.geometry.is_area()),
441                                 inner.c.geometry.ST_Contains(WKT_PARAM)))\
442                   .order_by(sa.desc(inner.c.rank_search), inner.c.distance)\
443                   .limit(1)
444
445         if self.has_geometries():
446             sql = self._add_geometry_columns(sql, inner.c.geometry)
447
448         row = (await self.conn.execute(sql, self.bind_params)).one_or_none()
449         log().var_dump('Result (non-address feature)', row)
450
451         return row
452
453
454     async def lookup_area(self) -> Optional[SaRow]:
455         """ Lookup large areas for the current search.
456         """
457         log().section('Reverse lookup by larger area features')
458
459         if self.layer_enabled(DataLayer.ADDRESS):
460             address_row = await self._lookup_area_address()
461         else:
462             address_row = None
463
464         if self.has_feature_layers():
465             other_row = await self._lookup_area_others()
466         else:
467             other_row = None
468
469         return _get_closest(address_row, other_row)
470
471
472     async def lookup_country_codes(self) -> List[str]:
473         """ Lookup the country for the current search.
474         """
475         log().section('Reverse lookup by country code')
476         t = self.conn.t.country_grid
477         sql = sa.select(t.c.country_code).distinct()\
478                 .where(t.c.geometry.ST_Contains(WKT_PARAM))
479
480         ccodes = [cast(str, r[0]) for r in await self.conn.execute(sql, self.bind_params)]
481         log().var_dump('Country codes', ccodes)
482         return ccodes
483
484
485     async def lookup_country(self, ccodes: List[str]) -> Optional[SaRow]:
486         """ Lookup the country for the current search.
487         """
488         if not ccodes:
489             ccodes = await self.lookup_country_codes()
490
491         if not ccodes:
492             return None
493
494         t = self.conn.t.placex
495         if self.max_rank > 4:
496             log().comment('Search for place nodes in country')
497
498             def _base_query() -> SaSelect:
499                 inner = \
500                     sa.select(t,
501                               t.c.geometry.ST_Distance(WKT_PARAM).label('distance'))\
502                       .where(t.c.rank_search > 4)\
503                       .where(t.c.rank_search <= MAX_RANK_PARAM)\
504                       .where(t.c.indexed_status == 0)\
505                       .where(t.c.country_code.in_(ccodes))\
506                       .where(sa.func.IntersectsReverseDistance(t, WKT_PARAM))\
507                       .order_by(sa.desc(t.c.rank_search))\
508                       .limit(50)\
509                       .subquery('area')
510
511                 return _select_from_placex(inner, False)\
512                     .where(sa.func.IsBelowReverseDistance(inner.c.distance, inner.c.rank_search))\
513                     .order_by(sa.desc(inner.c.rank_search), inner.c.distance)\
514                     .limit(1)
515
516             sql: SaLambdaSelect = sa.lambda_stmt(_base_query)
517             if self.has_geometries():
518                 sql = self._add_geometry_columns(sql, sa.literal_column('area.geometry'))
519
520             address_row = (await self.conn.execute(sql, self.bind_params)).one_or_none()
521             log().var_dump('Result (addressable place node)', address_row)
522         else:
523             address_row = None
524
525         if address_row is None:
526             # Still nothing, then return a country with the appropriate country code.
527             sql = sa.lambda_stmt(lambda: _select_from_placex(t)\
528                       .where(t.c.country_code.in_(ccodes))\
529                       .where(t.c.rank_address == 4)\
530                       .where(t.c.rank_search == 4)\
531                       .where(t.c.linked_place_id == None)\
532                       .order_by('distance')\
533                       .limit(1))
534
535             if self.has_geometries():
536                 sql = self._add_geometry_columns(sql, t.c.geometry)
537
538             address_row = (await self.conn.execute(sql, self.bind_params)).one_or_none()
539
540         return address_row
541
542
543     async def lookup(self, coord: AnyPoint) -> Optional[nres.ReverseResult]:
544         """ Look up a single coordinate. Returns the place information,
545             if a place was found near the coordinates or None otherwise.
546         """
547         log().function('reverse_lookup', coord=coord, params=self.params)
548
549
550         self.bind_params['wkt'] = f'POINT({coord[0]} {coord[1]})'
551
552         row: Optional[SaRow] = None
553         row_func: RowFunc = nres.create_from_placex_row
554
555         if self.max_rank >= 26:
556             row, tmp_row_func = await self.lookup_street_poi()
557             if row is not None:
558                 row_func = tmp_row_func
559
560         if row is None:
561             if self.restrict_to_country_areas:
562                 ccodes = await self.lookup_country_codes()
563                 if not ccodes:
564                     return None
565             else:
566                 ccodes = []
567
568             if self.max_rank > 4:
569                 row = await self.lookup_area()
570             if row is None and self.layer_enabled(DataLayer.ADDRESS):
571                 row = await self.lookup_country(ccodes)
572
573         result = row_func(row, nres.ReverseResult)
574         if result is not None:
575             assert row is not None
576             result.distance = row.distance
577             if hasattr(row, 'bbox'):
578                 result.bbox = Bbox.from_wkb(row.bbox)
579             await nres.add_result_details(self.conn, [result], self.params)
580
581         return result