]> git.openstreetmap.org Git - rails.git/blobdiff - vendor/assets/iD/iD.js
Merge pull request #3268 from tomhughes/capitalisation
[rails.git] / vendor / assets / iD / iD.js
index 72e021e610db566a7dff62349e2a07971bac14a3..6ac452788fbd27e1c5715ac6b4b86aff4aeb0d37 100644 (file)
 (function () {
-       var commonjsGlobal = typeof globalThis !== 'undefined' ? globalThis : typeof window !== 'undefined' ? window : typeof global !== 'undefined' ? global : typeof self !== 'undefined' ? self : {};
-
-       function createCommonjsModule(fn, basedir, module) {
-               return module = {
-                 path: basedir,
-                 exports: {},
-                 require: function (path, base) {
-             return commonjsRequire(path, (base === undefined || base === null) ? module.path : base);
-           }
-               }, fn(module, module.exports), module.exports;
-       }
 
-       function getCjsExportFromNamespace (n) {
-               return n && n['default'] || n;
-       }
+       var commonjsGlobal = typeof globalThis !== 'undefined' ? globalThis : typeof window !== 'undefined' ? window : typeof global !== 'undefined' ? global : typeof self !== 'undefined' ? self : {};
 
-       function commonjsRequire () {
-               throw new Error('Dynamic requires are not currently supported by @rollup/plugin-commonjs');
+       function createCommonjsModule(fn) {
+         var module = { exports: {} };
+               return fn(module, module.exports), module.exports;
        }
 
-       var isImplemented = function () {
-               var set, iterator, result;
-               if (typeof Set !== 'function') return false;
-               set = new Set(['raz', 'dwa', 'trzy']);
-               if (String(set) !== '[object Set]') return false;
-               if (set.size !== 3) return false;
-               if (typeof set.add !== 'function') return false;
-               if (typeof set.clear !== 'function') return false;
-               if (typeof set.delete !== 'function') return false;
-               if (typeof set.entries !== 'function') return false;
-               if (typeof set.forEach !== 'function') return false;
-               if (typeof set.has !== 'function') return false;
-               if (typeof set.keys !== 'function') return false;
-               if (typeof set.values !== 'function') return false;
+       var check = function (it) {
+         return it && it.Math == Math && it;
+       };
 
-               iterator = set.values();
-               result = iterator.next();
-               if (result.done !== false) return false;
-               if (result.value !== 'raz') return false;
+       // https://github.com/zloirock/core-js/issues/86#issuecomment-115759028
+       var global$2 =
+         // eslint-disable-next-line es/no-global-this -- safe
+         check(typeof globalThis == 'object' && globalThis) ||
+         check(typeof window == 'object' && window) ||
+         // eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-globals -- safe
+         check(typeof self == 'object' && self) ||
+         check(typeof commonjsGlobal == 'object' && commonjsGlobal) ||
+         // eslint-disable-next-line no-new-func -- fallback
+         (function () { return this; })() || Function('return this')();
 
-               return true;
+       var fails = function (exec) {
+         try {
+           return !!exec();
+         } catch (error) {
+           return true;
+         }
        };
 
-       // eslint-disable-next-line no-empty-function
-       var noop = function () {};
+       // Detect IE8's incomplete defineProperty implementation
+       var descriptors = !fails(function () {
+         // eslint-disable-next-line es/no-object-defineproperty -- required for testing
+         return Object.defineProperty({}, 1, { get: function () { return 7; } })[1] != 7;
+       });
 
-       var _undefined = noop(); // Support ES3 engines
+       var $propertyIsEnumerable$1 = {}.propertyIsEnumerable;
+       // eslint-disable-next-line es/no-object-getownpropertydescriptor -- safe
+       var getOwnPropertyDescriptor$5 = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor;
 
-       var isValue = function (val) { return val !== _undefined && val !== null; };
+       // Nashorn ~ JDK8 bug
+       var NASHORN_BUG = getOwnPropertyDescriptor$5 && !$propertyIsEnumerable$1.call({ 1: 2 }, 1);
 
-       var validValue = function (value) {
-               if (!isValue(value)) throw new TypeError("Cannot use null or undefined");
-               return value;
-       };
+       // `Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable` method implementation
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-object.prototype.propertyisenumerable
+       var f$7 = NASHORN_BUG ? function propertyIsEnumerable(V) {
+         var descriptor = getOwnPropertyDescriptor$5(this, V);
+         return !!descriptor && descriptor.enumerable;
+       } : $propertyIsEnumerable$1;
 
-       var clear = function () {
-               validValue(this).length = 0;
-               return this;
+       var objectPropertyIsEnumerable = {
+               f: f$7
        };
 
-       var isImplemented$1 = function () {
-               var numberIsNaN = Number.isNaN;
-               if (typeof numberIsNaN !== "function") return false;
-               return !numberIsNaN({}) && numberIsNaN(NaN) && !numberIsNaN(34);
+       var createPropertyDescriptor = function (bitmap, value) {
+         return {
+           enumerable: !(bitmap & 1),
+           configurable: !(bitmap & 2),
+           writable: !(bitmap & 4),
+           value: value
+         };
        };
 
-       var shim = function (value) {
-               // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare
-               return value !== value;
+       var toString$1 = {}.toString;
+
+       var classofRaw = function (it) {
+         return toString$1.call(it).slice(8, -1);
        };
 
-       var isNan = isImplemented$1() ? Number.isNaN : shim;
+       var split$2 = ''.split;
 
-       var isImplemented$2 = function () {
-               var sign = Math.sign;
-               if (typeof sign !== "function") return false;
-               return sign(10) === 1 && sign(-20) === -1;
-       };
+       // fallback for non-array-like ES3 and non-enumerable old V8 strings
+       var indexedObject = fails(function () {
+         // throws an error in rhino, see https://github.com/mozilla/rhino/issues/346
+         // eslint-disable-next-line no-prototype-builtins -- safe
+         return !Object('z').propertyIsEnumerable(0);
+       }) ? function (it) {
+         return classofRaw(it) == 'String' ? split$2.call(it, '') : Object(it);
+       } : Object;
 
-       var shim$1 = function (value) {
-               value = Number(value);
-               if (isNaN(value) || value === 0) return value;
-               return value > 0 ? 1 : -1;
+       // `RequireObjectCoercible` abstract operation
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-requireobjectcoercible
+       var requireObjectCoercible = function (it) {
+         if (it == undefined) throw TypeError("Can't call method on " + it);
+         return it;
        };
 
-       var sign = isImplemented$2() ? Math.sign : shim$1;
+       // toObject with fallback for non-array-like ES3 strings
 
-       var abs   = Math.abs
-         , floor = Math.floor;
 
-       var toInteger = function (value) {
-               if (isNaN(value)) return 0;
-               value = Number(value);
-               if (value === 0 || !isFinite(value)) return value;
-               return sign(value) * floor(abs(value));
-       };
 
-       var max       = Math.max;
+       var toIndexedObject = function (it) {
+         return indexedObject(requireObjectCoercible(it));
+       };
 
-       var toPosInteger = function (value) { return max(0, toInteger(value)); };
+       var isObject$4 = function (it) {
+         return typeof it === 'object' ? it !== null : typeof it === 'function';
+       };
 
-       var indexOf           = Array.prototype.indexOf
-         , objHasOwnProperty = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty
-         , abs$1               = Math.abs
-         , floor$1             = Math.floor;
+       // `ToPrimitive` abstract operation
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-toprimitive
+       // instead of the ES6 spec version, we didn't implement @@toPrimitive case
+       // and the second argument - flag - preferred type is a string
+       var toPrimitive = function (input, PREFERRED_STRING) {
+         if (!isObject$4(input)) return input;
+         var fn, val;
+         if (PREFERRED_STRING && typeof (fn = input.toString) == 'function' && !isObject$4(val = fn.call(input))) return val;
+         if (typeof (fn = input.valueOf) == 'function' && !isObject$4(val = fn.call(input))) return val;
+         if (!PREFERRED_STRING && typeof (fn = input.toString) == 'function' && !isObject$4(val = fn.call(input))) return val;
+         throw TypeError("Can't convert object to primitive value");
+       };
 
-       var eIndexOf = function (searchElement/*, fromIndex*/) {
-               var i, length, fromIndex, val;
-               if (!isNan(searchElement)) return indexOf.apply(this, arguments);
+       // `ToObject` abstract operation
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-toobject
+       var toObject = function (argument) {
+         return Object(requireObjectCoercible(argument));
+       };
 
-               length = toPosInteger(validValue(this).length);
-               fromIndex = arguments[1];
-               if (isNaN(fromIndex)) fromIndex = 0;
-               else if (fromIndex >= 0) fromIndex = floor$1(fromIndex);
-               else fromIndex = toPosInteger(this.length) - floor$1(abs$1(fromIndex));
+       var hasOwnProperty$3 = {}.hasOwnProperty;
 
-               for (i = fromIndex; i < length; ++i) {
-                       if (objHasOwnProperty.call(this, i)) {
-                               val = this[i];
-                               if (isNan(val)) return i; // Jslint: ignore
-                       }
-               }
-               return -1;
+       var has$1 = Object.hasOwn || function hasOwn(it, key) {
+         return hasOwnProperty$3.call(toObject(it), key);
        };
 
-       var create = Object.create, getPrototypeOf = Object.getPrototypeOf, plainObject = {};
+       var document$3 = global$2.document;
+       // typeof document.createElement is 'object' in old IE
+       var EXISTS = isObject$4(document$3) && isObject$4(document$3.createElement);
 
-       var isImplemented$3 = function (/* CustomCreate*/) {
-               var setPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf, customCreate = arguments[0] || create;
-               if (typeof setPrototypeOf !== "function") return false;
-               return getPrototypeOf(setPrototypeOf(customCreate(null), plainObject)) === plainObject;
+       var documentCreateElement = function (it) {
+         return EXISTS ? document$3.createElement(it) : {};
        };
 
-       var map = { function: true, object: true };
-
-       var isObject = function (value) { return (isValue(value) && map[typeof value]) || false; };
-
-       var create$1 = Object.create, shim$2;
-
-       if (!isImplemented$3()) {
-               shim$2 = shim$3;
-       }
-
-       var create_1 = (function () {
-               var nullObject, polyProps, desc;
-               if (!shim$2) return create$1;
-               if (shim$2.level !== 1) return create$1;
-
-               nullObject = {};
-               polyProps = {};
-               desc = { configurable: false, enumerable: false, writable: true, value: undefined };
-               Object.getOwnPropertyNames(Object.prototype).forEach(function (name) {
-                       if (name === "__proto__") {
-                               polyProps[name] = {
-                                       configurable: true,
-                                       enumerable: false,
-                                       writable: true,
-                                       value: undefined
-                               };
-                               return;
-                       }
-                       polyProps[name] = desc;
-               });
-               Object.defineProperties(nullObject, polyProps);
-
-               Object.defineProperty(shim$2, "nullPolyfill", {
-                       configurable: false,
-                       enumerable: false,
-                       writable: false,
-                       value: nullObject
-               });
-
-               return function (prototype, props) {
-                       return create$1(prototype === null ? nullObject : prototype, props);
-               };
-       })();
+       // Thank's IE8 for his funny defineProperty
+       var ie8DomDefine = !descriptors && !fails(function () {
+         // eslint-disable-next-line es/no-object-defineproperty -- requied for testing
+         return Object.defineProperty(documentCreateElement('div'), 'a', {
+           get: function () { return 7; }
+         }).a != 7;
+       });
 
-       var objIsPrototypeOf = Object.prototype.isPrototypeOf
-         , defineProperty   = Object.defineProperty
-         , nullDesc         = { configurable: true, enumerable: false, writable: true, value: undefined }
-         , validate;
+       // eslint-disable-next-line es/no-object-getownpropertydescriptor -- safe
+       var $getOwnPropertyDescriptor$1 = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor;
 
-       validate = function (obj, prototype) {
-               validValue(obj);
-               if (prototype === null || isObject(prototype)) return obj;
-               throw new TypeError("Prototype must be null or an object");
+       // `Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-object.getownpropertydescriptor
+       var f$6 = descriptors ? $getOwnPropertyDescriptor$1 : function getOwnPropertyDescriptor(O, P) {
+         O = toIndexedObject(O);
+         P = toPrimitive(P, true);
+         if (ie8DomDefine) try {
+           return $getOwnPropertyDescriptor$1(O, P);
+         } catch (error) { /* empty */ }
+         if (has$1(O, P)) return createPropertyDescriptor(!objectPropertyIsEnumerable.f.call(O, P), O[P]);
        };
 
-       var shim$3 = (function (status) {
-               var fn, set;
-               if (!status) return null;
-               if (status.level === 2) {
-                       if (status.set) {
-                               set = status.set;
-                               fn = function (obj, prototype) {
-                                       set.call(validate(obj, prototype), prototype);
-                                       return obj;
-                               };
-                       } else {
-                               fn = function (obj, prototype) {
-                                       validate(obj, prototype).__proto__ = prototype;
-                                       return obj;
-                               };
-                       }
-               } else {
-                       fn = function self(obj, prototype) {
-                               var isNullBase;
-                               validate(obj, prototype);
-                               isNullBase = objIsPrototypeOf.call(self.nullPolyfill, obj);
-                               if (isNullBase) delete self.nullPolyfill.__proto__;
-                               if (prototype === null) prototype = self.nullPolyfill;
-                               obj.__proto__ = prototype;
-                               if (isNullBase) defineProperty(self.nullPolyfill, "__proto__", nullDesc);
-                               return obj;
-                       };
-               }
-               return Object.defineProperty(fn, "level", {
-                       configurable: false,
-                       enumerable: false,
-                       writable: false,
-                       value: status.level
-               });
-       })(
-               (function () {
-                       var tmpObj1 = Object.create(null)
-                         , tmpObj2 = {}
-                         , set
-                         , desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(Object.prototype, "__proto__");
-
-                       if (desc) {
-                               try {
-                                       set = desc.set; // Opera crashes at this point
-                                       set.call(tmpObj1, tmpObj2);
-                               } catch (ignore) {}
-                               if (Object.getPrototypeOf(tmpObj1) === tmpObj2) return { set: set, level: 2 };
-                       }
-
-                       tmpObj1.__proto__ = tmpObj2;
-                       if (Object.getPrototypeOf(tmpObj1) === tmpObj2) return { level: 2 };
-
-                       tmpObj1 = {};
-                       tmpObj1.__proto__ = tmpObj2;
-                       if (Object.getPrototypeOf(tmpObj1) === tmpObj2) return { level: 1 };
-
-                       return false;
-               })()
-       );
-
-       var setPrototypeOf = isImplemented$3() ? Object.setPrototypeOf : shim$3;
-
-       var validCallable = function (fn) {
-               if (typeof fn !== "function") throw new TypeError(fn + " is not a function");
-               return fn;
+       var objectGetOwnPropertyDescriptor = {
+               f: f$6
        };
 
-       // ES3 safe
-       var _undefined$1 = void 0;
+       var anObject = function (it) {
+         if (!isObject$4(it)) {
+           throw TypeError(String(it) + ' is not an object');
+         } return it;
+       };
 
-       var is = function (value) { return value !== _undefined$1 && value !== null; };
+       // eslint-disable-next-line es/no-object-defineproperty -- safe
+       var $defineProperty$1 = Object.defineProperty;
 
-       // prettier-ignore
-       var possibleTypes = { "object": true, "function": true, "undefined": true /* document.all */ };
+       // `Object.defineProperty` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-object.defineproperty
+       var f$5 = descriptors ? $defineProperty$1 : function defineProperty(O, P, Attributes) {
+         anObject(O);
+         P = toPrimitive(P, true);
+         anObject(Attributes);
+         if (ie8DomDefine) try {
+           return $defineProperty$1(O, P, Attributes);
+         } catch (error) { /* empty */ }
+         if ('get' in Attributes || 'set' in Attributes) throw TypeError('Accessors not supported');
+         if ('value' in Attributes) O[P] = Attributes.value;
+         return O;
+       };
 
-       var is$1 = function (value) {
-               if (!is(value)) return false;
-               return hasOwnProperty.call(possibleTypes, typeof value);
+       var objectDefineProperty = {
+               f: f$5
        };
 
-       var is$2 = function (value) {
-               if (!is$1(value)) return false;
-               try {
-                       if (!value.constructor) return false;
-                       return value.constructor.prototype === value;
-               } catch (error) {
-                       return false;
-               }
+       var createNonEnumerableProperty = descriptors ? function (object, key, value) {
+         return objectDefineProperty.f(object, key, createPropertyDescriptor(1, value));
+       } : function (object, key, value) {
+         object[key] = value;
+         return object;
        };
 
-       var is$3 = function (value) {
-               if (typeof value !== "function") return false;
+       var setGlobal = function (key, value) {
+         try {
+           createNonEnumerableProperty(global$2, key, value);
+         } catch (error) {
+           global$2[key] = value;
+         } return value;
+       };
 
-               if (!hasOwnProperty.call(value, "length")) return false;
+       var SHARED = '__core-js_shared__';
+       var store$1 = global$2[SHARED] || setGlobal(SHARED, {});
 
-               try {
-                       if (typeof value.length !== "number") return false;
-                       if (typeof value.call !== "function") return false;
-                       if (typeof value.apply !== "function") return false;
-               } catch (error) {
-                       return false;
-               }
+       var sharedStore = store$1;
 
-               return !is$2(value);
-       };
+       var functionToString = Function.toString;
 
-       var classRe = /^\s*class[\s{/}]/, functionToString = Function.prototype.toString;
+       // this helper broken in `core-js@3.4.1-3.4.4`, so we can't use `shared` helper
+       if (typeof sharedStore.inspectSource != 'function') {
+         sharedStore.inspectSource = function (it) {
+           return functionToString.call(it);
+         };
+       }
 
-       var is$4 = function (value) {
-               if (!is$3(value)) return false;
-               if (classRe.test(functionToString.call(value))) return false;
-               return true;
-       };
+       var inspectSource = sharedStore.inspectSource;
 
-       var isImplemented$4 = function () {
-               var assign = Object.assign, obj;
-               if (typeof assign !== "function") return false;
-               obj = { foo: "raz" };
-               assign(obj, { bar: "dwa" }, { trzy: "trzy" });
-               return obj.foo + obj.bar + obj.trzy === "razdwatrzy";
-       };
+       var WeakMap$1 = global$2.WeakMap;
 
-       var isImplemented$5 = function () {
-               try {
-                       Object.keys("primitive");
-                       return true;
-               } catch (e) {
-                       return false;
-               }
+       var nativeWeakMap = typeof WeakMap$1 === 'function' && /native code/.test(inspectSource(WeakMap$1));
+
+       var isPure = false;
+
+       var shared = createCommonjsModule(function (module) {
+       (module.exports = function (key, value) {
+         return sharedStore[key] || (sharedStore[key] = value !== undefined ? value : {});
+       })('versions', []).push({
+         version: '3.15.2',
+         mode: 'global',
+         copyright: '© 2021 Denis Pushkarev (zloirock.ru)'
+       });
+       });
+
+       var id$1 = 0;
+       var postfix = Math.random();
+
+       var uid = function (key) {
+         return 'Symbol(' + String(key === undefined ? '' : key) + ')_' + (++id$1 + postfix).toString(36);
        };
 
-       var keys = Object.keys;
-
-       var shim$4 = function (object) { return keys(isValue(object) ? Object(object) : object); };
-
-       var keys$1 = isImplemented$5() ? Object.keys : shim$4;
-
-       var max$1   = Math.max;
-
-       var shim$5 = function (dest, src/*, …srcn*/) {
-               var error, i, length = max$1(arguments.length, 2), assign;
-               dest = Object(validValue(dest));
-               assign = function (key) {
-                       try {
-                               dest[key] = src[key];
-                       } catch (e) {
-                               if (!error) error = e;
-                       }
-               };
-               for (i = 1; i < length; ++i) {
-                       src = arguments[i];
-                       keys$1(src).forEach(assign);
-               }
-               if (error !== undefined) throw error;
-               return dest;
+       var keys$3 = shared('keys');
+
+       var sharedKey = function (key) {
+         return keys$3[key] || (keys$3[key] = uid(key));
        };
 
-       var assign = isImplemented$4() ? Object.assign : shim$5;
+       var hiddenKeys$1 = {};
 
-       var forEach = Array.prototype.forEach, create$2 = Object.create;
+       var OBJECT_ALREADY_INITIALIZED = 'Object already initialized';
+       var WeakMap = global$2.WeakMap;
+       var set$4, get$5, has;
 
-       var process$1 = function (src, obj) {
-               var key;
-               for (key in src) obj[key] = src[key];
+       var enforce = function (it) {
+         return has(it) ? get$5(it) : set$4(it, {});
        };
 
-       // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars
-       var normalizeOptions = function (opts1/*, …options*/) {
-               var result = create$2(null);
-               forEach.call(arguments, function (options) {
-                       if (!isValue(options)) return;
-                       process$1(Object(options), result);
-               });
-               return result;
+       var getterFor = function (TYPE) {
+         return function (it) {
+           var state;
+           if (!isObject$4(it) || (state = get$5(it)).type !== TYPE) {
+             throw TypeError('Incompatible receiver, ' + TYPE + ' required');
+           } return state;
+         };
        };
 
-       var str = "razdwatrzy";
+       if (nativeWeakMap || sharedStore.state) {
+         var store = sharedStore.state || (sharedStore.state = new WeakMap());
+         var wmget = store.get;
+         var wmhas = store.has;
+         var wmset = store.set;
+         set$4 = function (it, metadata) {
+           if (wmhas.call(store, it)) throw new TypeError(OBJECT_ALREADY_INITIALIZED);
+           metadata.facade = it;
+           wmset.call(store, it, metadata);
+           return metadata;
+         };
+         get$5 = function (it) {
+           return wmget.call(store, it) || {};
+         };
+         has = function (it) {
+           return wmhas.call(store, it);
+         };
+       } else {
+         var STATE = sharedKey('state');
+         hiddenKeys$1[STATE] = true;
+         set$4 = function (it, metadata) {
+           if (has$1(it, STATE)) throw new TypeError(OBJECT_ALREADY_INITIALIZED);
+           metadata.facade = it;
+           createNonEnumerableProperty(it, STATE, metadata);
+           return metadata;
+         };
+         get$5 = function (it) {
+           return has$1(it, STATE) ? it[STATE] : {};
+         };
+         has = function (it) {
+           return has$1(it, STATE);
+         };
+       }
 
-       var isImplemented$6 = function () {
-               if (typeof str.contains !== "function") return false;
-               return str.contains("dwa") === true && str.contains("foo") === false;
+       var internalState = {
+         set: set$4,
+         get: get$5,
+         has: has,
+         enforce: enforce,
+         getterFor: getterFor
        };
 
-       var indexOf$1 = String.prototype.indexOf;
+       var redefine = createCommonjsModule(function (module) {
+       var getInternalState = internalState.get;
+       var enforceInternalState = internalState.enforce;
+       var TEMPLATE = String(String).split('String');
 
-       var shim$6 = function (searchString/*, position*/) {
-               return indexOf$1.call(this, searchString, arguments[1]) > -1;
-       };
+       (module.exports = function (O, key, value, options) {
+         var unsafe = options ? !!options.unsafe : false;
+         var simple = options ? !!options.enumerable : false;
+         var noTargetGet = options ? !!options.noTargetGet : false;
+         var state;
+         if (typeof value == 'function') {
+           if (typeof key == 'string' && !has$1(value, 'name')) {
+             createNonEnumerableProperty(value, 'name', key);
+           }
+           state = enforceInternalState(value);
+           if (!state.source) {
+             state.source = TEMPLATE.join(typeof key == 'string' ? key : '');
+           }
+         }
+         if (O === global$2) {
+           if (simple) O[key] = value;
+           else setGlobal(key, value);
+           return;
+         } else if (!unsafe) {
+           delete O[key];
+         } else if (!noTargetGet && O[key]) {
+           simple = true;
+         }
+         if (simple) O[key] = value;
+         else createNonEnumerableProperty(O, key, value);
+       // add fake Function#toString for correct work wrapped methods / constructors with methods like LoDash isNative
+       })(Function.prototype, 'toString', function toString() {
+         return typeof this == 'function' && getInternalState(this).source || inspectSource(this);
+       });
+       });
 
-       var contains = isImplemented$6() ? String.prototype.contains : shim$6;
+       var path = global$2;
 
-       var d_1 = createCommonjsModule(function (module) {
+       var aFunction$1 = function (variable) {
+         return typeof variable == 'function' ? variable : undefined;
+       };
 
+       var getBuiltIn = function (namespace, method) {
+         return arguments.length < 2 ? aFunction$1(path[namespace]) || aFunction$1(global$2[namespace])
+           : path[namespace] && path[namespace][method] || global$2[namespace] && global$2[namespace][method];
+       };
 
+       var ceil$1 = Math.ceil;
+       var floor$7 = Math.floor;
 
-       var d = (module.exports = function (dscr, value/*, options*/) {
-               var c, e, w, options, desc;
-               if (arguments.length < 2 || typeof dscr !== "string") {
-                       options = value;
-                       value = dscr;
-                       dscr = null;
-               } else {
-                       options = arguments[2];
-               }
-               if (is(dscr)) {
-                       c = contains.call(dscr, "c");
-                       e = contains.call(dscr, "e");
-                       w = contains.call(dscr, "w");
-               } else {
-                       c = w = true;
-                       e = false;
-               }
+       // `ToInteger` abstract operation
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-tointeger
+       var toInteger = function (argument) {
+         return isNaN(argument = +argument) ? 0 : (argument > 0 ? floor$7 : ceil$1)(argument);
+       };
 
-               desc = { value: value, configurable: c, enumerable: e, writable: w };
-               return !options ? desc : assign(normalizeOptions(options), desc);
-       });
+       var min$9 = Math.min;
 
-       d.gs = function (dscr, get, set/*, options*/) {
-               var c, e, options, desc;
-               if (typeof dscr !== "string") {
-                       options = set;
-                       set = get;
-                       get = dscr;
-                       dscr = null;
-               } else {
-                       options = arguments[3];
-               }
-               if (!is(get)) {
-                       get = undefined;
-               } else if (!is$4(get)) {
-                       options = get;
-                       get = set = undefined;
-               } else if (!is(set)) {
-                       set = undefined;
-               } else if (!is$4(set)) {
-                       options = set;
-                       set = undefined;
-               }
-               if (is(dscr)) {
-                       c = contains.call(dscr, "c");
-                       e = contains.call(dscr, "e");
-               } else {
-                       c = true;
-                       e = false;
-               }
-
-               desc = { get: get, set: set, configurable: c, enumerable: e };
-               return !options ? desc : assign(normalizeOptions(options), desc);
+       // `ToLength` abstract operation
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-tolength
+       var toLength = function (argument) {
+         return argument > 0 ? min$9(toInteger(argument), 0x1FFFFFFFFFFFFF) : 0; // 2 ** 53 - 1 == 9007199254740991
        };
-       });
 
-       var eventEmitter = createCommonjsModule(function (module, exports) {
+       var max$4 = Math.max;
+       var min$8 = Math.min;
 
-       var apply = Function.prototype.apply, call = Function.prototype.call
-         , create = Object.create, defineProperty = Object.defineProperty
-         , defineProperties = Object.defineProperties
-         , hasOwnProperty = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty
-         , descriptor = { configurable: true, enumerable: false, writable: true }
+       // Helper for a popular repeating case of the spec:
+       // Let integer be ? ToInteger(index).
+       // If integer < 0, let result be max((length + integer), 0); else let result be min(integer, length).
+       var toAbsoluteIndex = function (index, length) {
+         var integer = toInteger(index);
+         return integer < 0 ? max$4(integer + length, 0) : min$8(integer, length);
+       };
 
-         , on, once, off, emit, methods, descriptors, base;
+       // `Array.prototype.{ indexOf, includes }` methods implementation
+       var createMethod$6 = function (IS_INCLUDES) {
+         return function ($this, el, fromIndex) {
+           var O = toIndexedObject($this);
+           var length = toLength(O.length);
+           var index = toAbsoluteIndex(fromIndex, length);
+           var value;
+           // Array#includes uses SameValueZero equality algorithm
+           // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare -- NaN check
+           if (IS_INCLUDES && el != el) while (length > index) {
+             value = O[index++];
+             // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare -- NaN check
+             if (value != value) return true;
+           // Array#indexOf ignores holes, Array#includes - not
+           } else for (;length > index; index++) {
+             if ((IS_INCLUDES || index in O) && O[index] === el) return IS_INCLUDES || index || 0;
+           } return !IS_INCLUDES && -1;
+         };
+       };
 
-       on = function (type, listener) {
-               var data;
+       var arrayIncludes = {
+         // `Array.prototype.includes` method
+         // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-array.prototype.includes
+         includes: createMethod$6(true),
+         // `Array.prototype.indexOf` method
+         // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-array.prototype.indexof
+         indexOf: createMethod$6(false)
+       };
 
-               validCallable(listener);
+       var indexOf = arrayIncludes.indexOf;
 
-               if (!hasOwnProperty.call(this, '__ee__')) {
-                       data = descriptor.value = create(null);
-                       defineProperty(this, '__ee__', descriptor);
-                       descriptor.value = null;
-               } else {
-                       data = this.__ee__;
-               }
-               if (!data[type]) data[type] = listener;
-               else if (typeof data[type] === 'object') data[type].push(listener);
-               else data[type] = [data[type], listener];
 
-               return this;
+       var objectKeysInternal = function (object, names) {
+         var O = toIndexedObject(object);
+         var i = 0;
+         var result = [];
+         var key;
+         for (key in O) !has$1(hiddenKeys$1, key) && has$1(O, key) && result.push(key);
+         // Don't enum bug & hidden keys
+         while (names.length > i) if (has$1(O, key = names[i++])) {
+           ~indexOf(result, key) || result.push(key);
+         }
+         return result;
        };
 
-       once = function (type, listener) {
-               var once, self;
+       // IE8- don't enum bug keys
+       var enumBugKeys = [
+         'constructor',
+         'hasOwnProperty',
+         'isPrototypeOf',
+         'propertyIsEnumerable',
+         'toLocaleString',
+         'toString',
+         'valueOf'
+       ];
 
-               validCallable(listener);
-               self = this;
-               on.call(this, type, once = function () {
-                       off.call(self, type, once);
-                       apply.call(listener, this, arguments);
-               });
+       var hiddenKeys = enumBugKeys.concat('length', 'prototype');
 
-               once.__eeOnceListener__ = listener;
-               return this;
+       // `Object.getOwnPropertyNames` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-object.getownpropertynames
+       // eslint-disable-next-line es/no-object-getownpropertynames -- safe
+       var f$4 = Object.getOwnPropertyNames || function getOwnPropertyNames(O) {
+         return objectKeysInternal(O, hiddenKeys);
        };
 
-       off = function (type, listener) {
-               var data, listeners, candidate, i;
-
-               validCallable(listener);
-
-               if (!hasOwnProperty.call(this, '__ee__')) return this;
-               data = this.__ee__;
-               if (!data[type]) return this;
-               listeners = data[type];
-
-               if (typeof listeners === 'object') {
-                       for (i = 0; (candidate = listeners[i]); ++i) {
-                               if ((candidate === listener) ||
-                                               (candidate.__eeOnceListener__ === listener)) {
-                                       if (listeners.length === 2) data[type] = listeners[i ? 0 : 1];
-                                       else listeners.splice(i, 1);
-                               }
-                       }
-               } else {
-                       if ((listeners === listener) ||
-                                       (listeners.__eeOnceListener__ === listener)) {
-                               delete data[type];
-                       }
-               }
-
-               return this;
+       var objectGetOwnPropertyNames = {
+               f: f$4
        };
 
-       emit = function (type) {
-               var i, l, listener, listeners, args;
-
-               if (!hasOwnProperty.call(this, '__ee__')) return;
-               listeners = this.__ee__[type];
-               if (!listeners) return;
-
-               if (typeof listeners === 'object') {
-                       l = arguments.length;
-                       args = new Array(l - 1);
-                       for (i = 1; i < l; ++i) args[i - 1] = arguments[i];
-
-                       listeners = listeners.slice();
-                       for (i = 0; (listener = listeners[i]); ++i) {
-                               apply.call(listener, this, args);
-                       }
-               } else {
-                       switch (arguments.length) {
-                       case 1:
-                               call.call(listeners, this);
-                               break;
-                       case 2:
-                               call.call(listeners, this, arguments[1]);
-                               break;
-                       case 3:
-                               call.call(listeners, this, arguments[1], arguments[2]);
-                               break;
-                       default:
-                               l = arguments.length;
-                               args = new Array(l - 1);
-                               for (i = 1; i < l; ++i) {
-                                       args[i - 1] = arguments[i];
-                               }
-                               apply.call(listeners, this, args);
-                       }
-               }
+       // eslint-disable-next-line es/no-object-getownpropertysymbols -- safe
+       var f$3 = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols;
+
+       var objectGetOwnPropertySymbols = {
+               f: f$3
        };
 
-       methods = {
-               on: on,
-               once: once,
-               off: off,
-               emit: emit
+       // all object keys, includes non-enumerable and symbols
+       var ownKeys = getBuiltIn('Reflect', 'ownKeys') || function ownKeys(it) {
+         var keys = objectGetOwnPropertyNames.f(anObject(it));
+         var getOwnPropertySymbols = objectGetOwnPropertySymbols.f;
+         return getOwnPropertySymbols ? keys.concat(getOwnPropertySymbols(it)) : keys;
        };
 
-       descriptors = {
-               on: d_1(on),
-               once: d_1(once),
-               off: d_1(off),
-               emit: d_1(emit)
+       var copyConstructorProperties = function (target, source) {
+         var keys = ownKeys(source);
+         var defineProperty = objectDefineProperty.f;
+         var getOwnPropertyDescriptor = objectGetOwnPropertyDescriptor.f;
+         for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
+           var key = keys[i];
+           if (!has$1(target, key)) defineProperty(target, key, getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));
+         }
        };
 
-       base = defineProperties({}, descriptors);
+       var replacement = /#|\.prototype\./;
 
-       module.exports = exports = function (o) {
-               return (o == null) ? create(base) : defineProperties(Object(o), descriptors);
+       var isForced = function (feature, detection) {
+         var value = data[normalize$1(feature)];
+         return value == POLYFILL ? true
+           : value == NATIVE ? false
+           : typeof detection == 'function' ? fails(detection)
+           : !!detection;
+       };
+
+       var normalize$1 = isForced.normalize = function (string) {
+         return String(string).replace(replacement, '.').toLowerCase();
        };
-       exports.methods = methods;
-       });
 
-       var validTypes = { object: true, symbol: true };
+       var data = isForced.data = {};
+       var NATIVE = isForced.NATIVE = 'N';
+       var POLYFILL = isForced.POLYFILL = 'P';
 
-       var isImplemented$7 = function () {
-               var symbol;
-               if (typeof Symbol !== 'function') return false;
-               symbol = Symbol('test symbol');
-               try { String(symbol); } catch (e) { return false; }
+       var isForced_1 = isForced;
+
+       var getOwnPropertyDescriptor$4 = objectGetOwnPropertyDescriptor.f;
 
-               // Return 'true' also for polyfills
-               if (!validTypes[typeof Symbol.iterator]) return false;
-               if (!validTypes[typeof Symbol.toPrimitive]) return false;
-               if (!validTypes[typeof Symbol.toStringTag]) return false;
 
-               return true;
-       };
 
-       var isSymbol = function (x) {
-               if (!x) return false;
-               if (typeof x === 'symbol') return true;
-               if (!x.constructor) return false;
-               if (x.constructor.name !== 'Symbol') return false;
-               return (x[x.constructor.toStringTag] === 'Symbol');
-       };
 
-       var validateSymbol = function (value) {
-               if (!isSymbol(value)) throw new TypeError(value + " is not a symbol");
-               return value;
-       };
 
-       var create$3 = Object.create, defineProperties = Object.defineProperties
-         , defineProperty$1 = Object.defineProperty, objPrototype = Object.prototype
-         , NativeSymbol, SymbolPolyfill, HiddenSymbol, globalSymbols = create$3(null)
-         , isNativeSafe;
-
-       if (typeof Symbol === 'function') {
-               NativeSymbol = Symbol;
-               try {
-                       String(NativeSymbol());
-                       isNativeSafe = true;
-               } catch (ignore) {}
-       }
-
-       var generateName = (function () {
-               var created = create$3(null);
-               return function (desc) {
-                       var postfix = 0, name, ie11BugWorkaround;
-                       while (created[desc + (postfix || '')]) ++postfix;
-                       desc += (postfix || '');
-                       created[desc] = true;
-                       name = '@@' + desc;
-                       defineProperty$1(objPrototype, name, d_1.gs(null, function (value) {
-                               // For IE11 issue see:
-                               // https://connect.microsoft.com/IE/feedbackdetail/view/1928508/
-                               //    ie11-broken-getters-on-dom-objects
-                               // https://github.com/medikoo/es6-symbol/issues/12
-                               if (ie11BugWorkaround) return;
-                               ie11BugWorkaround = true;
-                               defineProperty$1(this, name, d_1(value));
-                               ie11BugWorkaround = false;
-                       }));
-                       return name;
-               };
-       }());
-
-       // Internal constructor (not one exposed) for creating Symbol instances.
-       // This one is used to ensure that `someSymbol instanceof Symbol` always return false
-       HiddenSymbol = function Symbol(description) {
-               if (this instanceof HiddenSymbol) throw new TypeError('Symbol is not a constructor');
-               return SymbolPolyfill(description);
-       };
 
-       // Exposed `Symbol` constructor
-       // (returns instances of HiddenSymbol)
-       var polyfill = SymbolPolyfill = function Symbol(description) {
-               var symbol;
-               if (this instanceof Symbol) throw new TypeError('Symbol is not a constructor');
-               if (isNativeSafe) return NativeSymbol(description);
-               symbol = create$3(HiddenSymbol.prototype);
-               description = (description === undefined ? '' : String(description));
-               return defineProperties(symbol, {
-                       __description__: d_1('', description),
-                       __name__: d_1('', generateName(description))
-               });
+       /*
+         options.target      - name of the target object
+         options.global      - target is the global object
+         options.stat        - export as static methods of target
+         options.proto       - export as prototype methods of target
+         options.real        - real prototype method for the `pure` version
+         options.forced      - export even if the native feature is available
+         options.bind        - bind methods to the target, required for the `pure` version
+         options.wrap        - wrap constructors to preventing global pollution, required for the `pure` version
+         options.unsafe      - use the simple assignment of property instead of delete + defineProperty
+         options.sham        - add a flag to not completely full polyfills
+         options.enumerable  - export as enumerable property
+         options.noTargetGet - prevent calling a getter on target
+       */
+       var _export = function (options, source) {
+         var TARGET = options.target;
+         var GLOBAL = options.global;
+         var STATIC = options.stat;
+         var FORCED, target, key, targetProperty, sourceProperty, descriptor;
+         if (GLOBAL) {
+           target = global$2;
+         } else if (STATIC) {
+           target = global$2[TARGET] || setGlobal(TARGET, {});
+         } else {
+           target = (global$2[TARGET] || {}).prototype;
+         }
+         if (target) for (key in source) {
+           sourceProperty = source[key];
+           if (options.noTargetGet) {
+             descriptor = getOwnPropertyDescriptor$4(target, key);
+             targetProperty = descriptor && descriptor.value;
+           } else targetProperty = target[key];
+           FORCED = isForced_1(GLOBAL ? key : TARGET + (STATIC ? '.' : '#') + key, options.forced);
+           // contained in target
+           if (!FORCED && targetProperty !== undefined) {
+             if (typeof sourceProperty === typeof targetProperty) continue;
+             copyConstructorProperties(sourceProperty, targetProperty);
+           }
+           // add a flag to not completely full polyfills
+           if (options.sham || (targetProperty && targetProperty.sham)) {
+             createNonEnumerableProperty(sourceProperty, 'sham', true);
+           }
+           // extend global
+           redefine(target, key, sourceProperty, options);
+         }
        };
-       defineProperties(SymbolPolyfill, {
-               for: d_1(function (key) {
-                       if (globalSymbols[key]) return globalSymbols[key];
-                       return (globalSymbols[key] = SymbolPolyfill(String(key)));
-               }),
-               keyFor: d_1(function (s) {
-                       var key;
-                       validateSymbol(s);
-                       for (key in globalSymbols) if (globalSymbols[key] === s) return key;
-               }),
-
-               // To ensure proper interoperability with other native functions (e.g. Array.from)
-               // fallback to eventual native implementation of given symbol
-               hasInstance: d_1('', (NativeSymbol && NativeSymbol.hasInstance) || SymbolPolyfill('hasInstance')),
-               isConcatSpreadable: d_1('', (NativeSymbol && NativeSymbol.isConcatSpreadable) ||
-                       SymbolPolyfill('isConcatSpreadable')),
-               iterator: d_1('', (NativeSymbol && NativeSymbol.iterator) || SymbolPolyfill('iterator')),
-               match: d_1('', (NativeSymbol && NativeSymbol.match) || SymbolPolyfill('match')),
-               replace: d_1('', (NativeSymbol && NativeSymbol.replace) || SymbolPolyfill('replace')),
-               search: d_1('', (NativeSymbol && NativeSymbol.search) || SymbolPolyfill('search')),
-               species: d_1('', (NativeSymbol && NativeSymbol.species) || SymbolPolyfill('species')),
-               split: d_1('', (NativeSymbol && NativeSymbol.split) || SymbolPolyfill('split')),
-               toPrimitive: d_1('', (NativeSymbol && NativeSymbol.toPrimitive) || SymbolPolyfill('toPrimitive')),
-               toStringTag: d_1('', (NativeSymbol && NativeSymbol.toStringTag) || SymbolPolyfill('toStringTag')),
-               unscopables: d_1('', (NativeSymbol && NativeSymbol.unscopables) || SymbolPolyfill('unscopables'))
-       });
 
-       // Internal tweaks for real symbol producer
-       defineProperties(HiddenSymbol.prototype, {
-               constructor: d_1(SymbolPolyfill),
-               toString: d_1('', function () { return this.__name__; })
+       // `Date.now` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-date.now
+       _export({ target: 'Date', stat: true }, {
+         now: function now() {
+           return new Date().getTime();
+         }
        });
 
-       // Proper implementation of methods exposed on Symbol.prototype
-       // They won't be accessible on produced symbol instances as they derive from HiddenSymbol.prototype
-       defineProperties(SymbolPolyfill.prototype, {
-               toString: d_1(function () { return 'Symbol (' + validateSymbol(this).__description__ + ')'; }),
-               valueOf: d_1(function () { return validateSymbol(this); })
-       });
-       defineProperty$1(SymbolPolyfill.prototype, SymbolPolyfill.toPrimitive, d_1('', function () {
-               var symbol = validateSymbol(this);
-               if (typeof symbol === 'symbol') return symbol;
-               return symbol.toString();
-       }));
-       defineProperty$1(SymbolPolyfill.prototype, SymbolPolyfill.toStringTag, d_1('c', 'Symbol'));
+       var DatePrototype$1 = Date.prototype;
+       var INVALID_DATE = 'Invalid Date';
+       var TO_STRING$1 = 'toString';
+       var nativeDateToString = DatePrototype$1[TO_STRING$1];
+       var getTime$1 = DatePrototype$1.getTime;
+
+       // `Date.prototype.toString` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-date.prototype.tostring
+       if (new Date(NaN) + '' != INVALID_DATE) {
+         redefine(DatePrototype$1, TO_STRING$1, function toString() {
+           var value = getTime$1.call(this);
+           // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare -- NaN check
+           return value === value ? nativeDateToString.call(this) : INVALID_DATE;
+         });
+       }
 
-       // Proper implementaton of toPrimitive and toStringTag for returned symbol instances
-       defineProperty$1(HiddenSymbol.prototype, SymbolPolyfill.toStringTag,
-               d_1('c', SymbolPolyfill.prototype[SymbolPolyfill.toStringTag]));
+       function _typeof(obj) {
+         "@babel/helpers - typeof";
 
-       // Note: It's important to define `toPrimitive` as last one, as some implementations
-       // implement `toPrimitive` natively without implementing `toStringTag` (or other specified symbols)
-       // And that may invoke error in definition flow:
-       // See: https://github.com/medikoo/es6-symbol/issues/13#issuecomment-164146149
-       defineProperty$1(HiddenSymbol.prototype, SymbolPolyfill.toPrimitive,
-               d_1('c', SymbolPolyfill.prototype[SymbolPolyfill.toPrimitive]));
+         if (typeof Symbol === "function" && typeof Symbol.iterator === "symbol") {
+           _typeof = function (obj) {
+             return typeof obj;
+           };
+         } else {
+           _typeof = function (obj) {
+             return obj && typeof Symbol === "function" && obj.constructor === Symbol && obj !== Symbol.prototype ? "symbol" : typeof obj;
+           };
+         }
 
-       var es6Symbol = isImplemented$7() ? Symbol : polyfill;
+         return _typeof(obj);
+       }
 
-       var objToString = Object.prototype.toString
-         , id = objToString.call((function () { return arguments; })());
+       function _classCallCheck$1(instance, Constructor) {
+         if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {
+           throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function");
+         }
+       }
 
-       var isArguments = function (value) { return objToString.call(value) === id; };
+       function _defineProperties$1(target, props) {
+         for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {
+           var descriptor = props[i];
+           descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;
+           descriptor.configurable = true;
+           if ("value" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;
+           Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);
+         }
+       }
 
-       var objToString$1 = Object.prototype.toString, id$1 = objToString$1.call("");
+       function _createClass$1(Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {
+         if (protoProps) _defineProperties$1(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);
+         if (staticProps) _defineProperties$1(Constructor, staticProps);
+         return Constructor;
+       }
 
-       var isString = function (value) {
-               return (
-                       typeof value === "string" ||
-                       (value &&
-                               typeof value === "object" &&
-                               (value instanceof String || objToString$1.call(value) === id$1)) ||
-                       false
-               );
-       };
+       function _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {
+         if (key in obj) {
+           Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {
+             value: value,
+             enumerable: true,
+             configurable: true,
+             writable: true
+           });
+         } else {
+           obj[key] = value;
+         }
 
-       var isImplemented$8 = function () {
-               if (typeof globalThis !== "object") return false;
-               if (!globalThis) return false;
-               return globalThis.Array === Array;
-       };
+         return obj;
+       }
 
-       var naiveFallback = function () {
-               if (typeof self === "object" && self) return self;
-               if (typeof window === "object" && window) return window;
-               throw new Error("Unable to resolve global `this`");
-       };
+       function _slicedToArray(arr, i) {
+         return _arrayWithHoles(arr) || _iterableToArrayLimit(arr, i) || _unsupportedIterableToArray(arr, i) || _nonIterableRest();
+       }
 
-       var implementation = (function () {
-               if (this) return this;
-
-               // Unexpected strict mode (may happen if e.g. bundled into ESM module)
-
-               // Thanks @mathiasbynens -> https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/globalthis
-               // In all ES5+ engines global object inherits from Object.prototype
-               // (if you approached one that doesn't please report)
-               try {
-                       Object.defineProperty(Object.prototype, "__global__", {
-                               get: function () { return this; },
-                               configurable: true
-                       });
-               } catch (error) {
-                       // Unfortunate case of Object.prototype being sealed (via preventExtensions, seal or freeze)
-                       return naiveFallback();
-               }
-               try {
-                       // Safari case (window.__global__ is resolved with global context, but __global__ does not)
-                       if (!__global__) return naiveFallback();
-                       return __global__;
-               } finally {
-                       delete Object.prototype.__global__;
-               }
-       })();
+       function _toConsumableArray(arr) {
+         return _arrayWithoutHoles(arr) || _iterableToArray(arr) || _unsupportedIterableToArray(arr) || _nonIterableSpread();
+       }
 
-       var globalThis_1 = isImplemented$8() ? globalThis : implementation;
+       function _arrayWithoutHoles(arr) {
+         if (Array.isArray(arr)) return _arrayLikeToArray(arr);
+       }
 
-       var validTypes$1 = { object: true, symbol: true };
+       function _arrayWithHoles(arr) {
+         if (Array.isArray(arr)) return arr;
+       }
 
-       var isImplemented$9 = function () {
-               var Symbol = globalThis_1.Symbol;
-               var symbol;
-               if (typeof Symbol !== "function") return false;
-               symbol = Symbol("test symbol");
-               try { String(symbol); }
-               catch (e) { return false; }
+       function _iterableToArray(iter) {
+         if (typeof Symbol !== "undefined" && iter[Symbol.iterator] != null || iter["@@iterator"] != null) return Array.from(iter);
+       }
 
-               // Return 'true' also for polyfills
-               if (!validTypes$1[typeof Symbol.iterator]) return false;
-               if (!validTypes$1[typeof Symbol.toPrimitive]) return false;
-               if (!validTypes$1[typeof Symbol.toStringTag]) return false;
+       function _iterableToArrayLimit(arr, i) {
+         var _i = arr == null ? null : typeof Symbol !== "undefined" && arr[Symbol.iterator] || arr["@@iterator"];
 
-               return true;
-       };
+         if (_i == null) return;
+         var _arr = [];
+         var _n = true;
+         var _d = false;
 
-       var isSymbol$1 = function (value) {
-               if (!value) return false;
-               if (typeof value === "symbol") return true;
-               if (!value.constructor) return false;
-               if (value.constructor.name !== "Symbol") return false;
-               return value[value.constructor.toStringTag] === "Symbol";
-       };
+         var _s, _e;
 
-       var validateSymbol$1 = function (value) {
-               if (!isSymbol$1(value)) throw new TypeError(value + " is not a symbol");
-               return value;
-       };
+         try {
+           for (_i = _i.call(arr); !(_n = (_s = _i.next()).done); _n = true) {
+             _arr.push(_s.value);
 
-       var create$4 = Object.create, defineProperty$2 = Object.defineProperty, objPrototype$1 = Object.prototype;
-
-       var created = create$4(null);
-       var generateName$1 = function (desc) {
-               var postfix = 0, name, ie11BugWorkaround;
-               while (created[desc + (postfix || "")]) ++postfix;
-               desc += postfix || "";
-               created[desc] = true;
-               name = "@@" + desc;
-               defineProperty$2(
-                       objPrototype$1,
-                       name,
-                       d_1.gs(null, function (value) {
-                               // For IE11 issue see:
-                               // https://connect.microsoft.com/IE/feedbackdetail/view/1928508/
-                               //    ie11-broken-getters-on-dom-objects
-                               // https://github.com/medikoo/es6-symbol/issues/12
-                               if (ie11BugWorkaround) return;
-                               ie11BugWorkaround = true;
-                               defineProperty$2(this, name, d_1(value));
-                               ie11BugWorkaround = false;
-                       })
-               );
-               return name;
-       };
+             if (i && _arr.length === i) break;
+           }
+         } catch (err) {
+           _d = true;
+           _e = err;
+         } finally {
+           try {
+             if (!_n && _i["return"] != null) _i["return"]();
+           } finally {
+             if (_d) throw _e;
+           }
+         }
 
-       var NativeSymbol$1 = globalThis_1.Symbol;
-
-       var standardSymbols = function (SymbolPolyfill) {
-               return Object.defineProperties(SymbolPolyfill, {
-                       // To ensure proper interoperability with other native functions (e.g. Array.from)
-                       // fallback to eventual native implementation of given symbol
-                       hasInstance: d_1(
-                               "", (NativeSymbol$1 && NativeSymbol$1.hasInstance) || SymbolPolyfill("hasInstance")
-                       ),
-                       isConcatSpreadable: d_1(
-                               "",
-                               (NativeSymbol$1 && NativeSymbol$1.isConcatSpreadable) ||
-                                       SymbolPolyfill("isConcatSpreadable")
-                       ),
-                       iterator: d_1("", (NativeSymbol$1 && NativeSymbol$1.iterator) || SymbolPolyfill("iterator")),
-                       match: d_1("", (NativeSymbol$1 && NativeSymbol$1.match) || SymbolPolyfill("match")),
-                       replace: d_1("", (NativeSymbol$1 && NativeSymbol$1.replace) || SymbolPolyfill("replace")),
-                       search: d_1("", (NativeSymbol$1 && NativeSymbol$1.search) || SymbolPolyfill("search")),
-                       species: d_1("", (NativeSymbol$1 && NativeSymbol$1.species) || SymbolPolyfill("species")),
-                       split: d_1("", (NativeSymbol$1 && NativeSymbol$1.split) || SymbolPolyfill("split")),
-                       toPrimitive: d_1(
-                               "", (NativeSymbol$1 && NativeSymbol$1.toPrimitive) || SymbolPolyfill("toPrimitive")
-                       ),
-                       toStringTag: d_1(
-                               "", (NativeSymbol$1 && NativeSymbol$1.toStringTag) || SymbolPolyfill("toStringTag")
-                       ),
-                       unscopables: d_1(
-                               "", (NativeSymbol$1 && NativeSymbol$1.unscopables) || SymbolPolyfill("unscopables")
-                       )
-               });
-       };
+         return _arr;
+       }
 
-       var registry = Object.create(null);
-
-       var symbolRegistry = function (SymbolPolyfill) {
-               return Object.defineProperties(SymbolPolyfill, {
-                       for: d_1(function (key) {
-                               if (registry[key]) return registry[key];
-                               return (registry[key] = SymbolPolyfill(String(key)));
-                       }),
-                       keyFor: d_1(function (symbol) {
-                               var key;
-                               validateSymbol$1(symbol);
-                               for (key in registry) {
-                                       if (registry[key] === symbol) return key;
-                               }
-                               return undefined;
-                       })
-               });
-       };
+       function _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) {
+         if (!o) return;
+         if (typeof o === "string") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);
+         var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1);
+         if (n === "Object" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name;
+         if (n === "Map" || n === "Set") return Array.from(o);
+         if (n === "Arguments" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);
+       }
 
-       var NativeSymbol$2         = globalThis_1.Symbol;
+       function _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) {
+         if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length;
 
-       var create$5 = Object.create
-         , defineProperties$1 = Object.defineProperties
-         , defineProperty$3 = Object.defineProperty;
+         for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) arr2[i] = arr[i];
 
-       var SymbolPolyfill$1, HiddenSymbol$1, isNativeSafe$1;
+         return arr2;
+       }
 
-       if (typeof NativeSymbol$2 === "function") {
-               try {
-                       String(NativeSymbol$2());
-                       isNativeSafe$1 = true;
-               } catch (ignore) {}
-       } else {
-               NativeSymbol$2 = null;
+       function _nonIterableSpread() {
+         throw new TypeError("Invalid attempt to spread non-iterable instance.\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.");
        }
 
-       // Internal constructor (not one exposed) for creating Symbol instances.
-       // This one is used to ensure that `someSymbol instanceof Symbol` always return false
-       HiddenSymbol$1 = function Symbol(description) {
-               if (this instanceof HiddenSymbol$1) throw new TypeError("Symbol is not a constructor");
-               return SymbolPolyfill$1(description);
-       };
+       function _nonIterableRest() {
+         throw new TypeError("Invalid attempt to destructure non-iterable instance.\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.");
+       }
 
-       // Exposed `Symbol` constructor
-       // (returns instances of HiddenSymbol)
-       var polyfill$1 = SymbolPolyfill$1 = function Symbol(description) {
-               var symbol;
-               if (this instanceof Symbol) throw new TypeError("Symbol is not a constructor");
-               if (isNativeSafe$1) return NativeSymbol$2(description);
-               symbol = create$5(HiddenSymbol$1.prototype);
-               description = description === undefined ? "" : String(description);
-               return defineProperties$1(symbol, {
-                       __description__: d_1("", description),
-                       __name__: d_1("", generateName$1(description))
-               });
-       };
+       function _createForOfIteratorHelper(o, allowArrayLike) {
+         var it = typeof Symbol !== "undefined" && o[Symbol.iterator] || o["@@iterator"];
 
-       standardSymbols(SymbolPolyfill$1);
-       symbolRegistry(SymbolPolyfill$1);
+         if (!it) {
+           if (Array.isArray(o) || (it = _unsupportedIterableToArray(o)) || allowArrayLike && o && typeof o.length === "number") {
+             if (it) o = it;
+             var i = 0;
 
-       // Internal tweaks for real symbol producer
-       defineProperties$1(HiddenSymbol$1.prototype, {
-               constructor: d_1(SymbolPolyfill$1),
-               toString: d_1("", function () { return this.__name__; })
-       });
+             var F = function () {};
 
-       // Proper implementation of methods exposed on Symbol.prototype
-       // They won't be accessible on produced symbol instances as they derive from HiddenSymbol.prototype
-       defineProperties$1(SymbolPolyfill$1.prototype, {
-               toString: d_1(function () { return "Symbol (" + validateSymbol$1(this).__description__ + ")"; }),
-               valueOf: d_1(function () { return validateSymbol$1(this); })
-       });
-       defineProperty$3(
-               SymbolPolyfill$1.prototype,
-               SymbolPolyfill$1.toPrimitive,
-               d_1("", function () {
-                       var symbol = validateSymbol$1(this);
-                       if (typeof symbol === "symbol") return symbol;
-                       return symbol.toString();
-               })
-       );
-       defineProperty$3(SymbolPolyfill$1.prototype, SymbolPolyfill$1.toStringTag, d_1("c", "Symbol"));
-
-       // Proper implementaton of toPrimitive and toStringTag for returned symbol instances
-       defineProperty$3(
-               HiddenSymbol$1.prototype, SymbolPolyfill$1.toStringTag,
-               d_1("c", SymbolPolyfill$1.prototype[SymbolPolyfill$1.toStringTag])
-       );
-
-       // Note: It's important to define `toPrimitive` as last one, as some implementations
-       // implement `toPrimitive` natively without implementing `toStringTag` (or other specified symbols)
-       // And that may invoke error in definition flow:
-       // See: https://github.com/medikoo/es6-symbol/issues/13#issuecomment-164146149
-       defineProperty$3(
-               HiddenSymbol$1.prototype, SymbolPolyfill$1.toPrimitive,
-               d_1("c", SymbolPolyfill$1.prototype[SymbolPolyfill$1.toPrimitive])
-       );
-
-       var es6Symbol$1 = isImplemented$9()
-               ? globalThis_1.Symbol
-               : polyfill$1;
-
-       var iteratorSymbol = es6Symbol$1.iterator
-         , isArray        = Array.isArray;
-
-       var isIterable = function (value) {
-               if (!isValue(value)) return false;
-               if (isArray(value)) return true;
-               if (isString(value)) return true;
-               if (isArguments(value)) return true;
-               return typeof value[iteratorSymbol] === "function";
-       };
+             return {
+               s: F,
+               n: function () {
+                 if (i >= o.length) return {
+                   done: true
+                 };
+                 return {
+                   done: false,
+                   value: o[i++]
+                 };
+               },
+               e: function (e) {
+                 throw e;
+               },
+               f: F
+             };
+           }
 
-       var validIterable = function (value) {
-               if (!isIterable(value)) throw new TypeError(value + " is not iterable");
-               return value;
-       };
+           throw new TypeError("Invalid attempt to iterate non-iterable instance.\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.");
+         }
 
-       var objectToString = Object.prototype.toString;
-
-       var coerce = function (value) {
-               if (!is(value)) return null;
-               if (is$1(value)) {
-                       // Reject Object.prototype.toString coercion
-                       var valueToString = value.toString;
-                       if (typeof valueToString !== "function") return null;
-                       if (valueToString === objectToString) return null;
-                       // Note: It can be object coming from other realm, still as there's no ES3 and CSP compliant
-                       // way to resolve its realm's Object.prototype.toString it's left as not addressed edge case
-               }
-               try {
-                       return "" + value; // Ensure implicit coercion
-               } catch (error) {
-                       return null;
-               }
-       };
+         var normalCompletion = true,
+             didErr = false,
+             err;
+         return {
+           s: function () {
+             it = it.call(o);
+           },
+           n: function () {
+             var step = it.next();
+             normalCompletion = step.done;
+             return step;
+           },
+           e: function (e) {
+             didErr = true;
+             err = e;
+           },
+           f: function () {
+             try {
+               if (!normalCompletion && it.return != null) it.return();
+             } finally {
+               if (didErr) throw err;
+             }
+           }
+         };
+       }
 
-       var safeToString = function (value) {
-               try {
-                       return value.toString();
-               } catch (error) {
-                       try { return String(value); }
-                       catch (error2) { return null; }
-               }
-       };
+       var engineUserAgent = getBuiltIn('navigator', 'userAgent') || '';
 
-       var reNewLine = /[\n\r\u2028\u2029]/g;
-
-       var toShortString = function (value) {
-               var string = safeToString(value);
-               if (string === null) return "<Non-coercible to string value>";
-               // Trim if too long
-               if (string.length > 100) string = string.slice(0, 99) + "…";
-               // Replace eventual new lines
-               string = string.replace(reNewLine, function (char) {
-                       switch (char) {
-                               case "\n":
-                                       return "\\n";
-                               case "\r":
-                                       return "\\r";
-                               case "\u2028":
-                                       return "\\u2028";
-                               case "\u2029":
-                                       return "\\u2029";
-                               /* istanbul ignore next */
-                               default:
-                                       throw new Error("Unexpected character");
-                       }
-               });
-               return string;
-       };
+       var process$4 = global$2.process;
+       var versions = process$4 && process$4.versions;
+       var v8 = versions && versions.v8;
+       var match, version$1;
 
-       var resolveMessage = function (message, value) {
-               return message.replace("%v", toShortString(value));
-       };
+       if (v8) {
+         match = v8.split('.');
+         version$1 = match[0] < 4 ? 1 : match[0] + match[1];
+       } else if (engineUserAgent) {
+         match = engineUserAgent.match(/Edge\/(\d+)/);
+         if (!match || match[1] >= 74) {
+           match = engineUserAgent.match(/Chrome\/(\d+)/);
+           if (match) version$1 = match[1];
+         }
+       }
 
-       var resolveException = function (value, defaultMessage, inputOptions) {
-               if (!is$1(inputOptions)) throw new TypeError(resolveMessage(defaultMessage, value));
-               if (!is(value)) {
-                       if ("default" in inputOptions) return inputOptions["default"];
-                       if (inputOptions.isOptional) return null;
-               }
-               var errorMessage = coerce(inputOptions.errorMessage);
-               if (!is(errorMessage)) errorMessage = defaultMessage;
-               throw new TypeError(resolveMessage(errorMessage, value));
-       };
+       var engineV8Version = version$1 && +version$1;
 
-       var ensure = function (value/*, options*/) {
-               if (is(value)) return value;
-               return resolveException(value, "Cannot use %v", arguments[1]);
-       };
+       /* eslint-disable es/no-symbol -- required for testing */
 
-       var ensure$1 = function (value/*, options*/) {
-               if (is$4(value)) return value;
-               return resolveException(value, "%v is not a plain function", arguments[1]);
-       };
+       // eslint-disable-next-line es/no-object-getownpropertysymbols -- required for testing
+       var nativeSymbol = !!Object.getOwnPropertySymbols && !fails(function () {
+         var symbol = Symbol();
+         // Chrome 38 Symbol has incorrect toString conversion
+         // `get-own-property-symbols` polyfill symbols converted to object are not Symbol instances
+         return !String(symbol) || !(Object(symbol) instanceof Symbol) ||
+           // Chrome 38-40 symbols are not inherited from DOM collections prototypes to instances
+           !Symbol.sham && engineV8Version && engineV8Version < 41;
+       });
 
-       var isImplemented$a = function () {
-               var from = Array.from, arr, result;
-               if (typeof from !== "function") return false;
-               arr = ["raz", "dwa"];
-               result = from(arr);
-               return Boolean(result && result !== arr && result[1] === "dwa");
-       };
+       /* eslint-disable es/no-symbol -- required for testing */
 
-       var objToString$2 = Object.prototype.toString
-         , isFunctionStringTag = RegExp.prototype.test.bind(/^[object [A-Za-z0-9]*Function]$/);
+       var useSymbolAsUid = nativeSymbol
+         && !Symbol.sham
+         && typeof Symbol.iterator == 'symbol';
 
-       var isFunction = function (value) {
-               return typeof value === "function" && isFunctionStringTag(objToString$2.call(value));
-       };
+       var WellKnownSymbolsStore$1 = shared('wks');
+       var Symbol$1 = global$2.Symbol;
+       var createWellKnownSymbol = useSymbolAsUid ? Symbol$1 : Symbol$1 && Symbol$1.withoutSetter || uid;
 
-       var iteratorSymbol$1 = es6Symbol$1.iterator
-         , isArray$1        = Array.isArray
-         , call           = Function.prototype.call
-         , desc           = { configurable: true, enumerable: true, writable: true, value: null }
-         , defineProperty$4 = Object.defineProperty;
-
-       // eslint-disable-next-line complexity, max-lines-per-function
-       var shim$7 = function (arrayLike/*, mapFn, thisArg*/) {
-               var mapFn = arguments[1]
-                 , thisArg = arguments[2]
-                 , Context
-                 , i
-                 , j
-                 , arr
-                 , length
-                 , code
-                 , iterator
-                 , result
-                 , getIterator
-                 , value;
-
-               arrayLike = Object(validValue(arrayLike));
-
-               if (isValue(mapFn)) validCallable(mapFn);
-               if (!this || this === Array || !isFunction(this)) {
-                       // Result: Plain array
-                       if (!mapFn) {
-                               if (isArguments(arrayLike)) {
-                                       // Source: Arguments
-                                       length = arrayLike.length;
-                                       if (length !== 1) return Array.apply(null, arrayLike);
-                                       arr = new Array(1);
-                                       arr[0] = arrayLike[0];
-                                       return arr;
-                               }
-                               if (isArray$1(arrayLike)) {
-                                       // Source: Array
-                                       arr = new Array((length = arrayLike.length));
-                                       for (i = 0; i < length; ++i) arr[i] = arrayLike[i];
-                                       return arr;
-                               }
-                       }
-                       arr = [];
-               } else {
-                       // Result: Non plain array
-                       Context = this;
-               }
-
-               if (!isArray$1(arrayLike)) {
-                       if ((getIterator = arrayLike[iteratorSymbol$1]) !== undefined) {
-                               // Source: Iterator
-                               iterator = validCallable(getIterator).call(arrayLike);
-                               if (Context) arr = new Context();
-                               result = iterator.next();
-                               i = 0;
-                               while (!result.done) {
-                                       value = mapFn ? call.call(mapFn, thisArg, result.value, i) : result.value;
-                                       if (Context) {
-                                               desc.value = value;
-                                               defineProperty$4(arr, i, desc);
-                                       } else {
-                                               arr[i] = value;
-                                       }
-                                       result = iterator.next();
-                                       ++i;
-                               }
-                               length = i;
-                       } else if (isString(arrayLike)) {
-                               // Source: String
-                               length = arrayLike.length;
-                               if (Context) arr = new Context();
-                               for (i = 0, j = 0; i < length; ++i) {
-                                       value = arrayLike[i];
-                                       if (i + 1 < length) {
-                                               code = value.charCodeAt(0);
-                                               // eslint-disable-next-line max-depth
-                                               if (code >= 0xd800 && code <= 0xdbff) value += arrayLike[++i];
-                                       }
-                                       value = mapFn ? call.call(mapFn, thisArg, value, j) : value;
-                                       if (Context) {
-                                               desc.value = value;
-                                               defineProperty$4(arr, j, desc);
-                                       } else {
-                                               arr[j] = value;
-                                       }
-                                       ++j;
-                               }
-                               length = j;
-                       }
-               }
-               if (length === undefined) {
-                       // Source: array or array-like
-                       length = toPosInteger(arrayLike.length);
-                       if (Context) arr = new Context(length);
-                       for (i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
-                               value = mapFn ? call.call(mapFn, thisArg, arrayLike[i], i) : arrayLike[i];
-                               if (Context) {
-                                       desc.value = value;
-                                       defineProperty$4(arr, i, desc);
-                               } else {
-                                       arr[i] = value;
-                               }
-                       }
-               }
-               if (Context) {
-                       desc.value = null;
-                       arr.length = length;
-               }
-               return arr;
+       var wellKnownSymbol = function (name) {
+         if (!has$1(WellKnownSymbolsStore$1, name) || !(nativeSymbol || typeof WellKnownSymbolsStore$1[name] == 'string')) {
+           if (nativeSymbol && has$1(Symbol$1, name)) {
+             WellKnownSymbolsStore$1[name] = Symbol$1[name];
+           } else {
+             WellKnownSymbolsStore$1[name] = createWellKnownSymbol('Symbol.' + name);
+           }
+         } return WellKnownSymbolsStore$1[name];
        };
 
-       var from_1 = isImplemented$a() ? Array.from : shim$7;
-
-       var copy = function (obj/*, propertyNames, options*/) {
-               var copy = Object(validValue(obj)), propertyNames = arguments[1], options = Object(arguments[2]);
-               if (copy !== obj && !propertyNames) return copy;
-               var result = {};
-               if (propertyNames) {
-                       from_1(propertyNames, function (propertyName) {
-                               if (options.ensure || propertyName in obj) result[propertyName] = obj[propertyName];
-                       });
-               } else {
-                       assign(result, obj);
-               }
-               return result;
-       };
+       var f$2 = wellKnownSymbol;
 
-       var bind                    = Function.prototype.bind
-         , call$1                    = Function.prototype.call
-         , keys$2                    = Object.keys
-         , objPropertyIsEnumerable = Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable;
-
-       var _iterate = function (method, defVal) {
-               return function (obj, cb/*, thisArg, compareFn*/) {
-                       var list, thisArg = arguments[2], compareFn = arguments[3];
-                       obj = Object(validValue(obj));
-                       validCallable(cb);
-
-                       list = keys$2(obj);
-                       if (compareFn) {
-                               list.sort(typeof compareFn === "function" ? bind.call(compareFn, obj) : undefined);
-                       }
-                       if (typeof method !== "function") method = list[method];
-                       return call$1.call(method, list, function (key, index) {
-                               if (!objPropertyIsEnumerable.call(obj, key)) return defVal;
-                               return call$1.call(cb, thisArg, obj[key], key, obj, index);
-                       });
-               };
+       var wellKnownSymbolWrapped = {
+               f: f$2
        };
 
-       var forEach$1 = _iterate("forEach");
-
-       var call$2     = Function.prototype.call;
+       var defineProperty$9 = objectDefineProperty.f;
 
-       var map$1 = function (obj, cb/*, thisArg*/) {
-               var result = {}, thisArg = arguments[2];
-               validCallable(cb);
-               forEach$1(obj, function (value, key, targetObj, index) {
-                       result[key] = call$2.call(cb, thisArg, value, key, targetObj, index);
-               });
-               return result;
+       var defineWellKnownSymbol = function (NAME) {
+         var Symbol = path.Symbol || (path.Symbol = {});
+         if (!has$1(Symbol, NAME)) defineProperty$9(Symbol, NAME, {
+           value: wellKnownSymbolWrapped.f(NAME)
+         });
        };
 
-       var bind$1 = Function.prototype.bind
-         , defineProperty$5 = Object.defineProperty
-         , hasOwnProperty$1 = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty
-         , define;
-
-       define = function (name, desc, options) {
-               var value = ensure(desc) && ensure$1(desc.value), dgs;
-               dgs = copy(desc);
-               delete dgs.writable;
-               delete dgs.value;
-               dgs.get = function () {
-                       if (!options.overwriteDefinition && hasOwnProperty$1.call(this, name)) return value;
-                       desc.value = bind$1.call(value, options.resolveContext ? options.resolveContext(this) : this);
-                       defineProperty$5(this, name, desc);
-                       return this[name];
-               };
-               return dgs;
-       };
+       // `Symbol.iterator` well-known symbol
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-symbol.iterator
+       defineWellKnownSymbol('iterator');
 
-       var autoBind = function (props/*, options*/) {
-               var options = normalizeOptions(arguments[1]);
-               if (is(options.resolveContext)) ensure$1(options.resolveContext);
-               return map$1(props, function (desc, name) { return define(name, desc, options); });
+       // `Object.keys` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-object.keys
+       // eslint-disable-next-line es/no-object-keys -- safe
+       var objectKeys = Object.keys || function keys(O) {
+         return objectKeysInternal(O, enumBugKeys);
        };
 
-       var defineProperty$6 = Object.defineProperty, defineProperties$2 = Object.defineProperties, Iterator;
-
-       var es6Iterator = Iterator = function (list, context) {
-               if (!(this instanceof Iterator)) throw new TypeError("Constructor requires 'new'");
-               defineProperties$2(this, {
-                       __list__: d_1("w", validValue(list)),
-                       __context__: d_1("w", context),
-                       __nextIndex__: d_1("w", 0)
-               });
-               if (!context) return;
-               validCallable(context.on);
-               context.on("_add", this._onAdd);
-               context.on("_delete", this._onDelete);
-               context.on("_clear", this._onClear);
-       };
+       // `Object.defineProperties` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-object.defineproperties
+       // eslint-disable-next-line es/no-object-defineproperties -- safe
+       var objectDefineProperties = descriptors ? Object.defineProperties : function defineProperties(O, Properties) {
+         anObject(O);
+         var keys = objectKeys(Properties);
+         var length = keys.length;
+         var index = 0;
+         var key;
+         while (length > index) objectDefineProperty.f(O, key = keys[index++], Properties[key]);
+         return O;
+       };
+
+       var html = getBuiltIn('document', 'documentElement');
+
+       var GT = '>';
+       var LT = '<';
+       var PROTOTYPE$2 = 'prototype';
+       var SCRIPT = 'script';
+       var IE_PROTO$1 = sharedKey('IE_PROTO');
+
+       var EmptyConstructor = function () { /* empty */ };
+
+       var scriptTag = function (content) {
+         return LT + SCRIPT + GT + content + LT + '/' + SCRIPT + GT;
+       };
+
+       // Create object with fake `null` prototype: use ActiveX Object with cleared prototype
+       var NullProtoObjectViaActiveX = function (activeXDocument) {
+         activeXDocument.write(scriptTag(''));
+         activeXDocument.close();
+         var temp = activeXDocument.parentWindow.Object;
+         activeXDocument = null; // avoid memory leak
+         return temp;
+       };
+
+       // Create object with fake `null` prototype: use iframe Object with cleared prototype
+       var NullProtoObjectViaIFrame = function () {
+         // Thrash, waste and sodomy: IE GC bug
+         var iframe = documentCreateElement('iframe');
+         var JS = 'java' + SCRIPT + ':';
+         var iframeDocument;
+         iframe.style.display = 'none';
+         html.appendChild(iframe);
+         // https://github.com/zloirock/core-js/issues/475
+         iframe.src = String(JS);
+         iframeDocument = iframe.contentWindow.document;
+         iframeDocument.open();
+         iframeDocument.write(scriptTag('document.F=Object'));
+         iframeDocument.close();
+         return iframeDocument.F;
+       };
+
+       // Check for document.domain and active x support
+       // No need to use active x approach when document.domain is not set
+       // see https://github.com/es-shims/es5-shim/issues/150
+       // variation of https://github.com/kitcambridge/es5-shim/commit/4f738ac066346
+       // avoid IE GC bug
+       var activeXDocument;
+       var NullProtoObject = function () {
+         try {
+           /* global ActiveXObject -- old IE */
+           activeXDocument = document.domain && new ActiveXObject('htmlfile');
+         } catch (error) { /* ignore */ }
+         NullProtoObject = activeXDocument ? NullProtoObjectViaActiveX(activeXDocument) : NullProtoObjectViaIFrame();
+         var length = enumBugKeys.length;
+         while (length--) delete NullProtoObject[PROTOTYPE$2][enumBugKeys[length]];
+         return NullProtoObject();
+       };
+
+       hiddenKeys$1[IE_PROTO$1] = true;
+
+       // `Object.create` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-object.create
+       var objectCreate = Object.create || function create(O, Properties) {
+         var result;
+         if (O !== null) {
+           EmptyConstructor[PROTOTYPE$2] = anObject(O);
+           result = new EmptyConstructor();
+           EmptyConstructor[PROTOTYPE$2] = null;
+           // add "__proto__" for Object.getPrototypeOf polyfill
+           result[IE_PROTO$1] = O;
+         } else result = NullProtoObject();
+         return Properties === undefined ? result : objectDefineProperties(result, Properties);
+       };
+
+       var UNSCOPABLES = wellKnownSymbol('unscopables');
+       var ArrayPrototype$1 = Array.prototype;
+
+       // Array.prototype[@@unscopables]
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-array.prototype-@@unscopables
+       if (ArrayPrototype$1[UNSCOPABLES] == undefined) {
+         objectDefineProperty.f(ArrayPrototype$1, UNSCOPABLES, {
+           configurable: true,
+           value: objectCreate(null)
+         });
+       }
 
-       // Internal %IteratorPrototype% doesn't expose its constructor
-       delete Iterator.prototype.constructor;
-
-       defineProperties$2(
-               Iterator.prototype,
-               assign(
-                       {
-                               _next: d_1(function () {
-                                       var i;
-                                       if (!this.__list__) return undefined;
-                                       if (this.__redo__) {
-                                               i = this.__redo__.shift();
-                                               if (i !== undefined) return i;
-                                       }
-                                       if (this.__nextIndex__ < this.__list__.length) return this.__nextIndex__++;
-                                       this._unBind();
-                                       return undefined;
-                               }),
-                               next: d_1(function () {
-                                       return this._createResult(this._next());
-                               }),
-                               _createResult: d_1(function (i) {
-                                       if (i === undefined) return { done: true, value: undefined };
-                                       return { done: false, value: this._resolve(i) };
-                               }),
-                               _resolve: d_1(function (i) {
-                                       return this.__list__[i];
-                               }),
-                               _unBind: d_1(function () {
-                                       this.__list__ = null;
-                                       delete this.__redo__;
-                                       if (!this.__context__) return;
-                                       this.__context__.off("_add", this._onAdd);
-                                       this.__context__.off("_delete", this._onDelete);
-                                       this.__context__.off("_clear", this._onClear);
-                                       this.__context__ = null;
-                               }),
-                               toString: d_1(function () {
-                                       return "[object " + (this[es6Symbol$1.toStringTag] || "Object") + "]";
-                               })
-                       },
-                       autoBind({
-                               _onAdd: d_1(function (index) {
-                                       if (index >= this.__nextIndex__) return;
-                                       ++this.__nextIndex__;
-                                       if (!this.__redo__) {
-                                               defineProperty$6(this, "__redo__", d_1("c", [index]));
-                                               return;
-                                       }
-                                       this.__redo__.forEach(function (redo, i) {
-                                               if (redo >= index) this.__redo__[i] = ++redo;
-                                       }, this);
-                                       this.__redo__.push(index);
-                               }),
-                               _onDelete: d_1(function (index) {
-                                       var i;
-                                       if (index >= this.__nextIndex__) return;
-                                       --this.__nextIndex__;
-                                       if (!this.__redo__) return;
-                                       i = this.__redo__.indexOf(index);
-                                       if (i !== -1) this.__redo__.splice(i, 1);
-                                       this.__redo__.forEach(function (redo, j) {
-                                               if (redo > index) this.__redo__[j] = --redo;
-                                       }, this);
-                               }),
-                               _onClear: d_1(function () {
-                                       if (this.__redo__) clear.call(this.__redo__);
-                                       this.__nextIndex__ = 0;
-                               })
-                       })
-               )
-       );
-
-       defineProperty$6(
-               Iterator.prototype,
-               es6Symbol$1.iterator,
-               d_1(function () {
-                       return this;
-               })
-       );
-
-       var array = createCommonjsModule(function (module) {
-
-
-
-       var defineProperty = Object.defineProperty, ArrayIterator;
-
-       ArrayIterator = module.exports = function (arr, kind) {
-               if (!(this instanceof ArrayIterator)) throw new TypeError("Constructor requires 'new'");
-               es6Iterator.call(this, arr);
-               if (!kind) kind = "value";
-               else if (contains.call(kind, "key+value")) kind = "key+value";
-               else if (contains.call(kind, "key")) kind = "key";
-               else kind = "value";
-               defineProperty(this, "__kind__", d_1("", kind));
+       // add a key to Array.prototype[@@unscopables]
+       var addToUnscopables = function (key) {
+         ArrayPrototype$1[UNSCOPABLES][key] = true;
        };
-       if (setPrototypeOf) setPrototypeOf(ArrayIterator, es6Iterator);
 
-       // Internal %ArrayIteratorPrototype% doesn't expose its constructor
-       delete ArrayIterator.prototype.constructor;
+       var iterators = {};
 
-       ArrayIterator.prototype = Object.create(es6Iterator.prototype, {
-               _resolve: d_1(function (i) {
-                       if (this.__kind__ === "value") return this.__list__[i];
-                       if (this.__kind__ === "key+value") return [i, this.__list__[i]];
-                       return i;
-               })
-       });
-       defineProperty(ArrayIterator.prototype, es6Symbol$1.toStringTag, d_1("c", "Array Iterator"));
+       var correctPrototypeGetter = !fails(function () {
+         function F() { /* empty */ }
+         F.prototype.constructor = null;
+         // eslint-disable-next-line es/no-object-getprototypeof -- required for testing
+         return Object.getPrototypeOf(new F()) !== F.prototype;
        });
 
-       var string = createCommonjsModule(function (module) {
+       var IE_PROTO = sharedKey('IE_PROTO');
+       var ObjectPrototype$3 = Object.prototype;
 
+       // `Object.getPrototypeOf` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-object.getprototypeof
+       // eslint-disable-next-line es/no-object-getprototypeof -- safe
+       var objectGetPrototypeOf = correctPrototypeGetter ? Object.getPrototypeOf : function (O) {
+         O = toObject(O);
+         if (has$1(O, IE_PROTO)) return O[IE_PROTO];
+         if (typeof O.constructor == 'function' && O instanceof O.constructor) {
+           return O.constructor.prototype;
+         } return O instanceof Object ? ObjectPrototype$3 : null;
+       };
 
+       var ITERATOR$8 = wellKnownSymbol('iterator');
+       var BUGGY_SAFARI_ITERATORS$1 = false;
 
-       var defineProperty = Object.defineProperty, StringIterator;
+       var returnThis$2 = function () { return this; };
 
-       StringIterator = module.exports = function (str) {
-               if (!(this instanceof StringIterator)) throw new TypeError("Constructor requires 'new'");
-               str = String(str);
-               es6Iterator.call(this, str);
-               defineProperty(this, "__length__", d_1("", str.length));
-       };
-       if (setPrototypeOf) setPrototypeOf(StringIterator, es6Iterator);
-
-       // Internal %ArrayIteratorPrototype% doesn't expose its constructor
-       delete StringIterator.prototype.constructor;
-
-       StringIterator.prototype = Object.create(es6Iterator.prototype, {
-               _next: d_1(function () {
-                       if (!this.__list__) return undefined;
-                       if (this.__nextIndex__ < this.__length__) return this.__nextIndex__++;
-                       this._unBind();
-                       return undefined;
-               }),
-               _resolve: d_1(function (i) {
-                       var char = this.__list__[i], code;
-                       if (this.__nextIndex__ === this.__length__) return char;
-                       code = char.charCodeAt(0);
-                       if (code >= 0xd800 && code <= 0xdbff) return char + this.__list__[this.__nextIndex__++];
-                       return char;
-               })
-       });
-       defineProperty(StringIterator.prototype, es6Symbol$1.toStringTag, d_1("c", "String Iterator"));
+       // `%IteratorPrototype%` object
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-%iteratorprototype%-object
+       var IteratorPrototype$2, PrototypeOfArrayIteratorPrototype, arrayIterator;
+
+       /* eslint-disable es/no-array-prototype-keys -- safe */
+       if ([].keys) {
+         arrayIterator = [].keys();
+         // Safari 8 has buggy iterators w/o `next`
+         if (!('next' in arrayIterator)) BUGGY_SAFARI_ITERATORS$1 = true;
+         else {
+           PrototypeOfArrayIteratorPrototype = objectGetPrototypeOf(objectGetPrototypeOf(arrayIterator));
+           if (PrototypeOfArrayIteratorPrototype !== Object.prototype) IteratorPrototype$2 = PrototypeOfArrayIteratorPrototype;
+         }
+       }
+
+       var NEW_ITERATOR_PROTOTYPE = IteratorPrototype$2 == undefined || fails(function () {
+         var test = {};
+         // FF44- legacy iterators case
+         return IteratorPrototype$2[ITERATOR$8].call(test) !== test;
        });
 
-       var iteratorSymbol$2 = es6Symbol$1.iterator;
+       if (NEW_ITERATOR_PROTOTYPE) IteratorPrototype$2 = {};
 
-       var get = function (obj) {
-               if (typeof validIterable(obj)[iteratorSymbol$2] === "function") return obj[iteratorSymbol$2]();
-               if (isArguments(obj)) return new array(obj);
-               if (isString(obj)) return new string(obj);
-               return new array(obj);
-       };
+       // `%IteratorPrototype%[@@iterator]()` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-%iteratorprototype%-@@iterator
+       if (!has$1(IteratorPrototype$2, ITERATOR$8)) {
+         createNonEnumerableProperty(IteratorPrototype$2, ITERATOR$8, returnThis$2);
+       }
 
-       var isArray$2 = Array.isArray, call$3 = Function.prototype.call, some = Array.prototype.some;
-
-       var forOf = function (iterable, cb /*, thisArg*/) {
-               var mode, thisArg = arguments[2], result, doBreak, broken, i, length, char, code;
-               if (isArray$2(iterable) || isArguments(iterable)) mode = "array";
-               else if (isString(iterable)) mode = "string";
-               else iterable = get(iterable);
-
-               validCallable(cb);
-               doBreak = function () {
-                       broken = true;
-               };
-               if (mode === "array") {
-                       some.call(iterable, function (value) {
-                               call$3.call(cb, thisArg, value, doBreak);
-                               return broken;
-                       });
-                       return;
-               }
-               if (mode === "string") {
-                       length = iterable.length;
-                       for (i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
-                               char = iterable[i];
-                               if (i + 1 < length) {
-                                       code = char.charCodeAt(0);
-                                       if (code >= 0xd800 && code <= 0xdbff) char += iterable[++i];
-                               }
-                               call$3.call(cb, thisArg, char, doBreak);
-                               if (broken) break;
-                       }
-                       return;
-               }
-               result = iterable.next();
-
-               while (!result.done) {
-                       call$3.call(cb, thisArg, result.value, doBreak);
-                       if (broken) return;
-                       result = iterable.next();
-               }
+       var iteratorsCore = {
+         IteratorPrototype: IteratorPrototype$2,
+         BUGGY_SAFARI_ITERATORS: BUGGY_SAFARI_ITERATORS$1
        };
 
-       var iterator = createCommonjsModule(function (module) {
-
-       var toStringTagSymbol = es6Symbol.toStringTag
+       var defineProperty$8 = objectDefineProperty.f;
 
-         , defineProperty = Object.defineProperty
-         , SetIterator;
 
-       SetIterator = module.exports = function (set, kind) {
-               if (!(this instanceof SetIterator)) return new SetIterator(set, kind);
-               es6Iterator.call(this, set.__setData__, set);
-               if (!kind) kind = 'value';
-               else if (contains.call(kind, 'key+value')) kind = 'key+value';
-               else kind = 'value';
-               defineProperty(this, '__kind__', d_1('', kind));
-       };
-       if (setPrototypeOf) setPrototypeOf(SetIterator, es6Iterator);
-
-       SetIterator.prototype = Object.create(es6Iterator.prototype, {
-               constructor: d_1(SetIterator),
-               _resolve: d_1(function (i) {
-                       if (this.__kind__ === 'value') return this.__list__[i];
-                       return [this.__list__[i], this.__list__[i]];
-               }),
-               toString: d_1(function () { return '[object Set Iterator]'; })
-       });
-       defineProperty(SetIterator.prototype, toStringTagSymbol, d_1('c', 'Set Iterator'));
-       });
 
-       // Exports true if environment provides native `Set` implementation,
-
-       var isNativeImplemented = (function () {
-               if (typeof Set === 'undefined') return false;
-               return (Object.prototype.toString.call(Set.prototype) === '[object Set]');
-       }());
-
-       var iterator$1       = validIterable
-
-         , call$4 = Function.prototype.call
-         , defineProperty$7 = Object.defineProperty, getPrototypeOf$1 = Object.getPrototypeOf
-         , SetPoly, getValues, NativeSet;
-
-       if (isNativeImplemented) NativeSet = Set;
-
-       var polyfill$2 = SetPoly = function Set(/*iterable*/) {
-               var iterable = arguments[0], self;
-               if (!(this instanceof SetPoly)) throw new TypeError('Constructor requires \'new\'');
-               if (isNativeImplemented && setPrototypeOf) self = setPrototypeOf(new NativeSet(), getPrototypeOf$1(this));
-               else self = this;
-               if (iterable != null) iterator$1(iterable);
-               defineProperty$7(self, '__setData__', d_1('c', []));
-               if (!iterable) return self;
-               forOf(iterable, function (value) {
-                       if (eIndexOf.call(this, value) !== -1) return;
-                       this.push(value);
-               }, self.__setData__);
-               return self;
-       };
+       var TO_STRING_TAG$4 = wellKnownSymbol('toStringTag');
 
-       if (isNativeImplemented) {
-               if (setPrototypeOf) setPrototypeOf(SetPoly, NativeSet);
-               SetPoly.prototype = Object.create(NativeSet.prototype, { constructor: d_1(SetPoly) });
-       }
-
-       eventEmitter(Object.defineProperties(SetPoly.prototype, {
-               add: d_1(function (value) {
-                       if (this.has(value)) return this;
-                       this.emit('_add', this.__setData__.push(value) - 1, value);
-                       return this;
-               }),
-               clear: d_1(function () {
-                       if (!this.__setData__.length) return;
-                       clear.call(this.__setData__);
-                       this.emit('_clear');
-               }),
-               delete: d_1(function (value) {
-                       var index = eIndexOf.call(this.__setData__, value);
-                       if (index === -1) return false;
-                       this.__setData__.splice(index, 1);
-                       this.emit('_delete', index, value);
-                       return true;
-               }),
-               entries: d_1(function () { return new iterator(this, 'key+value'); }),
-               forEach: d_1(function (cb/*, thisArg*/) {
-                       var thisArg = arguments[1], iterator, result, value;
-                       validCallable(cb);
-                       iterator = this.values();
-                       result = iterator._next();
-                       while (result !== undefined) {
-                               value = iterator._resolve(result);
-                               call$4.call(cb, thisArg, value, value, this);
-                               result = iterator._next();
-                       }
-               }),
-               has: d_1(function (value) {
-                       return (eIndexOf.call(this.__setData__, value) !== -1);
-               }),
-               keys: d_1(getValues = function () { return this.values(); }),
-               size: d_1.gs(function () { return this.__setData__.length; }),
-               values: d_1(function () { return new iterator(this); }),
-               toString: d_1(function () { return '[object Set]'; })
-       }));
-       defineProperty$7(SetPoly.prototype, es6Symbol.iterator, d_1(getValues));
-       defineProperty$7(SetPoly.prototype, es6Symbol.toStringTag, d_1('c', 'Set'));
-
-       var es6Set = isImplemented() ? Set : polyfill$2;
-
-       var isImplemented$b = function () {
-               var map, iterator, result;
-               if (typeof Map !== 'function') return false;
-               try {
-                       // WebKit doesn't support arguments and crashes
-                       map = new Map([['raz', 'one'], ['dwa', 'two'], ['trzy', 'three']]);
-               } catch (e) {
-                       return false;
-               }
-               if (String(map) !== '[object Map]') return false;
-               if (map.size !== 3) return false;
-               if (typeof map.clear !== 'function') return false;
-               if (typeof map.delete !== 'function') return false;
-               if (typeof map.entries !== 'function') return false;
-               if (typeof map.forEach !== 'function') return false;
-               if (typeof map.get !== 'function') return false;
-               if (typeof map.has !== 'function') return false;
-               if (typeof map.keys !== 'function') return false;
-               if (typeof map.set !== 'function') return false;
-               if (typeof map.values !== 'function') return false;
-
-               iterator = map.entries();
-               result = iterator.next();
-               if (result.done !== false) return false;
-               if (!result.value) return false;
-               if (result.value[0] !== 'raz') return false;
-               if (result.value[1] !== 'one') return false;
-
-               return true;
+       var setToStringTag = function (it, TAG, STATIC) {
+         if (it && !has$1(it = STATIC ? it : it.prototype, TO_STRING_TAG$4)) {
+           defineProperty$8(it, TO_STRING_TAG$4, { configurable: true, value: TAG });
+         }
        };
 
-       var forEach$2 = Array.prototype.forEach, create$6 = Object.create;
+       var IteratorPrototype$1 = iteratorsCore.IteratorPrototype;
 
-       // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars
-       var primitiveSet = function (arg/*, …args*/) {
-               var set = create$6(null);
-               forEach$2.call(arguments, function (name) { set[name] = true; });
-               return set;
-       };
 
-       var iteratorKinds = primitiveSet('key',
-               'value', 'key+value');
 
-       var iterator$2 = createCommonjsModule(function (module) {
 
-       var toStringTagSymbol = es6Symbol$1.toStringTag
 
-         , defineProperties = Object.defineProperties
-         , unBind = es6Iterator.prototype._unBind
-         , MapIterator;
+       var returnThis$1 = function () { return this; };
 
-       MapIterator = module.exports = function (map, kind) {
-               if (!(this instanceof MapIterator)) return new MapIterator(map, kind);
-               es6Iterator.call(this, map.__mapKeysData__, map);
-               if (!kind || !iteratorKinds[kind]) kind = 'key+value';
-               defineProperties(this, {
-                       __kind__: d_1('', kind),
-                       __values__: d_1('w', map.__mapValuesData__)
-               });
+       var createIteratorConstructor = function (IteratorConstructor, NAME, next) {
+         var TO_STRING_TAG = NAME + ' Iterator';
+         IteratorConstructor.prototype = objectCreate(IteratorPrototype$1, { next: createPropertyDescriptor(1, next) });
+         setToStringTag(IteratorConstructor, TO_STRING_TAG, false);
+         iterators[TO_STRING_TAG] = returnThis$1;
+         return IteratorConstructor;
        };
-       if (setPrototypeOf) setPrototypeOf(MapIterator, es6Iterator);
-
-       MapIterator.prototype = Object.create(es6Iterator.prototype, {
-               constructor: d_1(MapIterator),
-               _resolve: d_1(function (i) {
-                       if (this.__kind__ === 'value') return this.__values__[i];
-                       if (this.__kind__ === 'key') return this.__list__[i];
-                       return [this.__list__[i], this.__values__[i]];
-               }),
-               _unBind: d_1(function () {
-                       this.__values__ = null;
-                       unBind.call(this);
-               }),
-               toString: d_1(function () { return '[object Map Iterator]'; })
-       });
-       Object.defineProperty(MapIterator.prototype, toStringTagSymbol,
-               d_1('c', 'Map Iterator'));
-       });
 
-       // Exports true if environment provides native `Map` implementation,
-
-       var isNativeImplemented$1 = (function () {
-               if (typeof Map === 'undefined') return false;
-               return (Object.prototype.toString.call(new Map()) === '[object Map]');
-       }());
-
-       var iterator$3       = validIterable
-
-         , call$5 = Function.prototype.call
-         , defineProperties$3 = Object.defineProperties, getPrototypeOf$2 = Object.getPrototypeOf
-         , MapPoly;
-
-       var polyfill$3 = MapPoly = function (/*iterable*/) {
-               var iterable = arguments[0], keys, values, self;
-               if (!(this instanceof MapPoly)) throw new TypeError('Constructor requires \'new\'');
-               if (isNativeImplemented$1 && setPrototypeOf && (Map !== MapPoly)) {
-                       self = setPrototypeOf(new Map(), getPrototypeOf$2(this));
-               } else {
-                       self = this;
-               }
-               if (iterable != null) iterator$3(iterable);
-               defineProperties$3(self, {
-                       __mapKeysData__: d_1('c', keys = []),
-                       __mapValuesData__: d_1('c', values = [])
-               });
-               if (!iterable) return self;
-               forOf(iterable, function (value) {
-                       var key = validValue(value)[0];
-                       value = value[1];
-                       if (eIndexOf.call(keys, key) !== -1) return;
-                       keys.push(key);
-                       values.push(value);
-               }, self);
-               return self;
+       var aPossiblePrototype = function (it) {
+         if (!isObject$4(it) && it !== null) {
+           throw TypeError("Can't set " + String(it) + ' as a prototype');
+         } return it;
        };
 
-       if (isNativeImplemented$1) {
-               if (setPrototypeOf) setPrototypeOf(MapPoly, Map);
-               MapPoly.prototype = Object.create(Map.prototype, {
-                       constructor: d_1(MapPoly)
-               });
-       }
-
-       eventEmitter(defineProperties$3(MapPoly.prototype, {
-               clear: d_1(function () {
-                       if (!this.__mapKeysData__.length) return;
-                       clear.call(this.__mapKeysData__);
-                       clear.call(this.__mapValuesData__);
-                       this.emit('_clear');
-               }),
-               delete: d_1(function (key) {
-                       var index = eIndexOf.call(this.__mapKeysData__, key);
-                       if (index === -1) return false;
-                       this.__mapKeysData__.splice(index, 1);
-                       this.__mapValuesData__.splice(index, 1);
-                       this.emit('_delete', index, key);
-                       return true;
-               }),
-               entries: d_1(function () { return new iterator$2(this, 'key+value'); }),
-               forEach: d_1(function (cb/*, thisArg*/) {
-                       var thisArg = arguments[1], iterator, result;
-                       validCallable(cb);
-                       iterator = this.entries();
-                       result = iterator._next();
-                       while (result !== undefined) {
-                               call$5.call(cb, thisArg, this.__mapValuesData__[result],
-                                       this.__mapKeysData__[result], this);
-                               result = iterator._next();
-                       }
-               }),
-               get: d_1(function (key) {
-                       var index = eIndexOf.call(this.__mapKeysData__, key);
-                       if (index === -1) return;
-                       return this.__mapValuesData__[index];
-               }),
-               has: d_1(function (key) {
-                       return (eIndexOf.call(this.__mapKeysData__, key) !== -1);
-               }),
-               keys: d_1(function () { return new iterator$2(this, 'key'); }),
-               set: d_1(function (key, value) {
-                       var index = eIndexOf.call(this.__mapKeysData__, key), emit;
-                       if (index === -1) {
-                               index = this.__mapKeysData__.push(key) - 1;
-                               emit = true;
-                       }
-                       this.__mapValuesData__[index] = value;
-                       if (emit) this.emit('_add', index, key);
-                       return this;
-               }),
-               size: d_1.gs(function () { return this.__mapKeysData__.length; }),
-               values: d_1(function () { return new iterator$2(this, 'value'); }),
-               toString: d_1(function () { return '[object Map]'; })
-       }));
-       Object.defineProperty(MapPoly.prototype, es6Symbol$1.iterator, d_1(function () {
-               return this.entries();
-       }));
-       Object.defineProperty(MapPoly.prototype, es6Symbol$1.toStringTag, d_1('c', 'Map'));
-
-       var es6Map = isImplemented$b() ? Map : polyfill$3;
-
-       var toStr = Object.prototype.toString;
-
-       var isArguments$1 = function isArguments(value) {
-               var str = toStr.call(value);
-               var isArgs = str === '[object Arguments]';
-               if (!isArgs) {
-                       isArgs = str !== '[object Array]' &&
-                               value !== null &&
-                               typeof value === 'object' &&
-                               typeof value.length === 'number' &&
-                               value.length >= 0 &&
-                               toStr.call(value.callee) === '[object Function]';
-               }
-               return isArgs;
-       };
+       /* eslint-disable no-proto -- safe */
 
-       var keysShim;
-       if (!Object.keys) {
-               // modified from https://github.com/es-shims/es5-shim
-               var has = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;
-               var toStr$1 = Object.prototype.toString;
-               var isArgs = isArguments$1; // eslint-disable-line global-require
-               var isEnumerable = Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable;
-               var hasDontEnumBug = !isEnumerable.call({ toString: null }, 'toString');
-               var hasProtoEnumBug = isEnumerable.call(function () {}, 'prototype');
-               var dontEnums = [
-                       'toString',
-                       'toLocaleString',
-                       'valueOf',
-                       'hasOwnProperty',
-                       'isPrototypeOf',
-                       'propertyIsEnumerable',
-                       'constructor'
-               ];
-               var equalsConstructorPrototype = function (o) {
-                       var ctor = o.constructor;
-                       return ctor && ctor.prototype === o;
-               };
-               var excludedKeys = {
-                       $applicationCache: true,
-                       $console: true,
-                       $external: true,
-                       $frame: true,
-                       $frameElement: true,
-                       $frames: true,
-                       $innerHeight: true,
-                       $innerWidth: true,
-                       $onmozfullscreenchange: true,
-                       $onmozfullscreenerror: true,
-                       $outerHeight: true,
-                       $outerWidth: true,
-                       $pageXOffset: true,
-                       $pageYOffset: true,
-                       $parent: true,
-                       $scrollLeft: true,
-                       $scrollTop: true,
-                       $scrollX: true,
-                       $scrollY: true,
-                       $self: true,
-                       $webkitIndexedDB: true,
-                       $webkitStorageInfo: true,
-                       $window: true
-               };
-               var hasAutomationEqualityBug = (function () {
-                       /* global window */
-                       if (typeof window === 'undefined') { return false; }
-                       for (var k in window) {
-                               try {
-                                       if (!excludedKeys['$' + k] && has.call(window, k) && window[k] !== null && typeof window[k] === 'object') {
-                                               try {
-                                                       equalsConstructorPrototype(window[k]);
-                                               } catch (e) {
-                                                       return true;
-                                               }
-                                       }
-                               } catch (e) {
-                                       return true;
-                               }
-                       }
-                       return false;
-               }());
-               var equalsConstructorPrototypeIfNotBuggy = function (o) {
-                       /* global window */
-                       if (typeof window === 'undefined' || !hasAutomationEqualityBug) {
-                               return equalsConstructorPrototype(o);
-                       }
-                       try {
-                               return equalsConstructorPrototype(o);
-                       } catch (e) {
-                               return false;
-                       }
-               };
-
-               keysShim = function keys(object) {
-                       var isObject = object !== null && typeof object === 'object';
-                       var isFunction = toStr$1.call(object) === '[object Function]';
-                       var isArguments = isArgs(object);
-                       var isString = isObject && toStr$1.call(object) === '[object String]';
-                       var theKeys = [];
-
-                       if (!isObject && !isFunction && !isArguments) {
-                               throw new TypeError('Object.keys called on a non-object');
-                       }
-
-                       var skipProto = hasProtoEnumBug && isFunction;
-                       if (isString && object.length > 0 && !has.call(object, 0)) {
-                               for (var i = 0; i < object.length; ++i) {
-                                       theKeys.push(String(i));
-                               }
-                       }
-
-                       if (isArguments && object.length > 0) {
-                               for (var j = 0; j < object.length; ++j) {
-                                       theKeys.push(String(j));
-                               }
-                       } else {
-                               for (var name in object) {
-                                       if (!(skipProto && name === 'prototype') && has.call(object, name)) {
-                                               theKeys.push(String(name));
-                                       }
-                               }
-                       }
-
-                       if (hasDontEnumBug) {
-                               var skipConstructor = equalsConstructorPrototypeIfNotBuggy(object);
-
-                               for (var k = 0; k < dontEnums.length; ++k) {
-                                       if (!(skipConstructor && dontEnums[k] === 'constructor') && has.call(object, dontEnums[k])) {
-                                               theKeys.push(dontEnums[k]);
-                                       }
-                               }
-                       }
-                       return theKeys;
-               };
-       }
-       var implementation$1 = keysShim;
-
-       var slice = Array.prototype.slice;
-
-
-       var origKeys = Object.keys;
-       var keysShim$1 = origKeys ? function keys(o) { return origKeys(o); } : implementation$1;
-
-       var originalKeys = Object.keys;
-
-       keysShim$1.shim = function shimObjectKeys() {
-               if (Object.keys) {
-                       var keysWorksWithArguments = (function () {
-                               // Safari 5.0 bug
-                               var args = Object.keys(arguments);
-                               return args && args.length === arguments.length;
-                       }(1, 2));
-                       if (!keysWorksWithArguments) {
-                               Object.keys = function keys(object) { // eslint-disable-line func-name-matching
-                                       if (isArguments$1(object)) {
-                                               return originalKeys(slice.call(object));
-                                       }
-                                       return originalKeys(object);
-                               };
-                       }
-               } else {
-                       Object.keys = keysShim$1;
-               }
-               return Object.keys || keysShim$1;
+       // `Object.setPrototypeOf` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-object.setprototypeof
+       // Works with __proto__ only. Old v8 can't work with null proto objects.
+       // eslint-disable-next-line es/no-object-setprototypeof -- safe
+       var objectSetPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf || ('__proto__' in {} ? function () {
+         var CORRECT_SETTER = false;
+         var test = {};
+         var setter;
+         try {
+           // eslint-disable-next-line es/no-object-getownpropertydescriptor -- safe
+           setter = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(Object.prototype, '__proto__').set;
+           setter.call(test, []);
+           CORRECT_SETTER = test instanceof Array;
+         } catch (error) { /* empty */ }
+         return function setPrototypeOf(O, proto) {
+           anObject(O);
+           aPossiblePrototype(proto);
+           if (CORRECT_SETTER) setter.call(O, proto);
+           else O.__proto__ = proto;
+           return O;
+         };
+       }() : undefined);
+
+       var IteratorPrototype = iteratorsCore.IteratorPrototype;
+       var BUGGY_SAFARI_ITERATORS = iteratorsCore.BUGGY_SAFARI_ITERATORS;
+       var ITERATOR$7 = wellKnownSymbol('iterator');
+       var KEYS = 'keys';
+       var VALUES = 'values';
+       var ENTRIES = 'entries';
+
+       var returnThis = function () { return this; };
+
+       var defineIterator = function (Iterable, NAME, IteratorConstructor, next, DEFAULT, IS_SET, FORCED) {
+         createIteratorConstructor(IteratorConstructor, NAME, next);
+
+         var getIterationMethod = function (KIND) {
+           if (KIND === DEFAULT && defaultIterator) return defaultIterator;
+           if (!BUGGY_SAFARI_ITERATORS && KIND in IterablePrototype) return IterablePrototype[KIND];
+           switch (KIND) {
+             case KEYS: return function keys() { return new IteratorConstructor(this, KIND); };
+             case VALUES: return function values() { return new IteratorConstructor(this, KIND); };
+             case ENTRIES: return function entries() { return new IteratorConstructor(this, KIND); };
+           } return function () { return new IteratorConstructor(this); };
+         };
+
+         var TO_STRING_TAG = NAME + ' Iterator';
+         var INCORRECT_VALUES_NAME = false;
+         var IterablePrototype = Iterable.prototype;
+         var nativeIterator = IterablePrototype[ITERATOR$7]
+           || IterablePrototype['@@iterator']
+           || DEFAULT && IterablePrototype[DEFAULT];
+         var defaultIterator = !BUGGY_SAFARI_ITERATORS && nativeIterator || getIterationMethod(DEFAULT);
+         var anyNativeIterator = NAME == 'Array' ? IterablePrototype.entries || nativeIterator : nativeIterator;
+         var CurrentIteratorPrototype, methods, KEY;
+
+         // fix native
+         if (anyNativeIterator) {
+           CurrentIteratorPrototype = objectGetPrototypeOf(anyNativeIterator.call(new Iterable()));
+           if (IteratorPrototype !== Object.prototype && CurrentIteratorPrototype.next) {
+             if (objectGetPrototypeOf(CurrentIteratorPrototype) !== IteratorPrototype) {
+               if (objectSetPrototypeOf) {
+                 objectSetPrototypeOf(CurrentIteratorPrototype, IteratorPrototype);
+               } else if (typeof CurrentIteratorPrototype[ITERATOR$7] != 'function') {
+                 createNonEnumerableProperty(CurrentIteratorPrototype, ITERATOR$7, returnThis);
+               }
+             }
+             // Set @@toStringTag to native iterators
+             setToStringTag(CurrentIteratorPrototype, TO_STRING_TAG, true);
+           }
+         }
+
+         // fix Array.prototype.{ values, @@iterator }.name in V8 / FF
+         if (DEFAULT == VALUES && nativeIterator && nativeIterator.name !== VALUES) {
+           INCORRECT_VALUES_NAME = true;
+           defaultIterator = function values() { return nativeIterator.call(this); };
+         }
+
+         // define iterator
+         if (IterablePrototype[ITERATOR$7] !== defaultIterator) {
+           createNonEnumerableProperty(IterablePrototype, ITERATOR$7, defaultIterator);
+         }
+         iterators[NAME] = defaultIterator;
+
+         // export additional methods
+         if (DEFAULT) {
+           methods = {
+             values: getIterationMethod(VALUES),
+             keys: IS_SET ? defaultIterator : getIterationMethod(KEYS),
+             entries: getIterationMethod(ENTRIES)
+           };
+           if (FORCED) for (KEY in methods) {
+             if (BUGGY_SAFARI_ITERATORS || INCORRECT_VALUES_NAME || !(KEY in IterablePrototype)) {
+               redefine(IterablePrototype, KEY, methods[KEY]);
+             }
+           } else _export({ target: NAME, proto: true, forced: BUGGY_SAFARI_ITERATORS || INCORRECT_VALUES_NAME }, methods);
+         }
+
+         return methods;
+       };
+
+       var ARRAY_ITERATOR = 'Array Iterator';
+       var setInternalState$7 = internalState.set;
+       var getInternalState$5 = internalState.getterFor(ARRAY_ITERATOR);
+
+       // `Array.prototype.entries` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-array.prototype.entries
+       // `Array.prototype.keys` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-array.prototype.keys
+       // `Array.prototype.values` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-array.prototype.values
+       // `Array.prototype[@@iterator]` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-array.prototype-@@iterator
+       // `CreateArrayIterator` internal method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-createarrayiterator
+       var es_array_iterator = defineIterator(Array, 'Array', function (iterated, kind) {
+         setInternalState$7(this, {
+           type: ARRAY_ITERATOR,
+           target: toIndexedObject(iterated), // target
+           index: 0,                          // next index
+           kind: kind                         // kind
+         });
+       // `%ArrayIteratorPrototype%.next` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-%arrayiteratorprototype%.next
+       }, function () {
+         var state = getInternalState$5(this);
+         var target = state.target;
+         var kind = state.kind;
+         var index = state.index++;
+         if (!target || index >= target.length) {
+           state.target = undefined;
+           return { value: undefined, done: true };
+         }
+         if (kind == 'keys') return { value: index, done: false };
+         if (kind == 'values') return { value: target[index], done: false };
+         return { value: [index, target[index]], done: false };
+       }, 'values');
+
+       // argumentsList[@@iterator] is %ArrayProto_values%
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-createunmappedargumentsobject
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-createmappedargumentsobject
+       iterators.Arguments = iterators.Array;
+
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-array.prototype-@@unscopables
+       addToUnscopables('keys');
+       addToUnscopables('values');
+       addToUnscopables('entries');
+
+       var TO_STRING_TAG$3 = wellKnownSymbol('toStringTag');
+       var test$2 = {};
+
+       test$2[TO_STRING_TAG$3] = 'z';
+
+       var toStringTagSupport = String(test$2) === '[object z]';
+
+       var TO_STRING_TAG$2 = wellKnownSymbol('toStringTag');
+       // ES3 wrong here
+       var CORRECT_ARGUMENTS = classofRaw(function () { return arguments; }()) == 'Arguments';
+
+       // fallback for IE11 Script Access Denied error
+       var tryGet = function (it, key) {
+         try {
+           return it[key];
+         } catch (error) { /* empty */ }
        };
 
-       var objectKeys = keysShim$1;
+       // getting tag from ES6+ `Object.prototype.toString`
+       var classof = toStringTagSupport ? classofRaw : function (it) {
+         var O, tag, result;
+         return it === undefined ? 'Undefined' : it === null ? 'Null'
+           // @@toStringTag case
+           : typeof (tag = tryGet(O = Object(it), TO_STRING_TAG$2)) == 'string' ? tag
+           // builtinTag case
+           : CORRECT_ARGUMENTS ? classofRaw(O)
+           // ES3 arguments fallback
+           : (result = classofRaw(O)) == 'Object' && typeof O.callee == 'function' ? 'Arguments' : result;
+       };
 
-       var hasSymbols = typeof Symbol === 'function' && typeof Symbol('foo') === 'symbol';
+       // `Object.prototype.toString` method implementation
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-object.prototype.tostring
+       var objectToString$1 = toStringTagSupport ? {}.toString : function toString() {
+         return '[object ' + classof(this) + ']';
+       };
 
-       var toStr$2 = Object.prototype.toString;
-       var concat = Array.prototype.concat;
-       var origDefineProperty = Object.defineProperty;
+       // `Object.prototype.toString` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-object.prototype.tostring
+       if (!toStringTagSupport) {
+         redefine(Object.prototype, 'toString', objectToString$1, { unsafe: true });
+       }
 
-       var isFunction$1 = function (fn) {
-               return typeof fn === 'function' && toStr$2.call(fn) === '[object Function]';
+       // `String.prototype.{ codePointAt, at }` methods implementation
+       var createMethod$5 = function (CONVERT_TO_STRING) {
+         return function ($this, pos) {
+           var S = String(requireObjectCoercible($this));
+           var position = toInteger(pos);
+           var size = S.length;
+           var first, second;
+           if (position < 0 || position >= size) return CONVERT_TO_STRING ? '' : undefined;
+           first = S.charCodeAt(position);
+           return first < 0xD800 || first > 0xDBFF || position + 1 === size
+             || (second = S.charCodeAt(position + 1)) < 0xDC00 || second > 0xDFFF
+               ? CONVERT_TO_STRING ? S.charAt(position) : first
+               : CONVERT_TO_STRING ? S.slice(position, position + 2) : (first - 0xD800 << 10) + (second - 0xDC00) + 0x10000;
+         };
        };
 
-       var arePropertyDescriptorsSupported = function () {
-               var obj = {};
-               try {
-                       origDefineProperty(obj, 'x', { enumerable: false, value: obj });
-                       // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars, no-restricted-syntax
-                       for (var _ in obj) { // jscs:ignore disallowUnusedVariables
-                               return false;
-                       }
-                       return obj.x === obj;
-               } catch (e) { /* this is IE 8. */
-                       return false;
-               }
-       };
-       var supportsDescriptors = origDefineProperty && arePropertyDescriptorsSupported();
-
-       var defineProperty$8 = function (object, name, value, predicate) {
-               if (name in object && (!isFunction$1(predicate) || !predicate())) {
-                       return;
-               }
-               if (supportsDescriptors) {
-                       origDefineProperty(object, name, {
-                               configurable: true,
-                               enumerable: false,
-                               value: value,
-                               writable: true
-                       });
-               } else {
-                       object[name] = value;
-               }
+       var stringMultibyte = {
+         // `String.prototype.codePointAt` method
+         // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-string.prototype.codepointat
+         codeAt: createMethod$5(false),
+         // `String.prototype.at` method
+         // https://github.com/mathiasbynens/String.prototype.at
+         charAt: createMethod$5(true)
        };
 
-       var defineProperties$4 = function (object, map) {
-               var predicates = arguments.length > 2 ? arguments[2] : {};
-               var props = objectKeys(map);
-               if (hasSymbols) {
-                       props = concat.call(props, Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(map));
-               }
-               for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i += 1) {
-                       defineProperty$8(object, props[i], map[props[i]], predicates[props[i]]);
-               }
-       };
+       var charAt$1 = stringMultibyte.charAt;
 
-       defineProperties$4.supportsDescriptors = !!supportsDescriptors;
 
-       var defineProperties_1 = defineProperties$4;
 
-       /* eslint complexity: [2, 18], max-statements: [2, 33] */
-       var shams = function hasSymbols() {
-               if (typeof Symbol !== 'function' || typeof Object.getOwnPropertySymbols !== 'function') { return false; }
-               if (typeof Symbol.iterator === 'symbol') { return true; }
+       var STRING_ITERATOR = 'String Iterator';
+       var setInternalState$6 = internalState.set;
+       var getInternalState$4 = internalState.getterFor(STRING_ITERATOR);
 
-               var obj = {};
-               var sym = Symbol('test');
-               var symObj = Object(sym);
-               if (typeof sym === 'string') { return false; }
+       // `String.prototype[@@iterator]` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-string.prototype-@@iterator
+       defineIterator(String, 'String', function (iterated) {
+         setInternalState$6(this, {
+           type: STRING_ITERATOR,
+           string: String(iterated),
+           index: 0
+         });
+       // `%StringIteratorPrototype%.next` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-%stringiteratorprototype%.next
+       }, function next() {
+         var state = getInternalState$4(this);
+         var string = state.string;
+         var index = state.index;
+         var point;
+         if (index >= string.length) return { value: undefined, done: true };
+         point = charAt$1(string, index);
+         state.index += point.length;
+         return { value: point, done: false };
+       });
 
-               if (Object.prototype.toString.call(sym) !== '[object Symbol]') { return false; }
-               if (Object.prototype.toString.call(symObj) !== '[object Symbol]') { return false; }
+       // iterable DOM collections
+       // flag - `iterable` interface - 'entries', 'keys', 'values', 'forEach' methods
+       var domIterables = {
+         CSSRuleList: 0,
+         CSSStyleDeclaration: 0,
+         CSSValueList: 0,
+         ClientRectList: 0,
+         DOMRectList: 0,
+         DOMStringList: 0,
+         DOMTokenList: 1,
+         DataTransferItemList: 0,
+         FileList: 0,
+         HTMLAllCollection: 0,
+         HTMLCollection: 0,
+         HTMLFormElement: 0,
+         HTMLSelectElement: 0,
+         MediaList: 0,
+         MimeTypeArray: 0,
+         NamedNodeMap: 0,
+         NodeList: 1,
+         PaintRequestList: 0,
+         Plugin: 0,
+         PluginArray: 0,
+         SVGLengthList: 0,
+         SVGNumberList: 0,
+         SVGPathSegList: 0,
+         SVGPointList: 0,
+         SVGStringList: 0,
+         SVGTransformList: 0,
+         SourceBufferList: 0,
+         StyleSheetList: 0,
+         TextTrackCueList: 0,
+         TextTrackList: 0,
+         TouchList: 0
+       };
+
+       var ITERATOR$6 = wellKnownSymbol('iterator');
+       var TO_STRING_TAG$1 = wellKnownSymbol('toStringTag');
+       var ArrayValues = es_array_iterator.values;
+
+       for (var COLLECTION_NAME$1 in domIterables) {
+         var Collection$1 = global$2[COLLECTION_NAME$1];
+         var CollectionPrototype$1 = Collection$1 && Collection$1.prototype;
+         if (CollectionPrototype$1) {
+           // some Chrome versions have non-configurable methods on DOMTokenList
+           if (CollectionPrototype$1[ITERATOR$6] !== ArrayValues) try {
+             createNonEnumerableProperty(CollectionPrototype$1, ITERATOR$6, ArrayValues);
+           } catch (error) {
+             CollectionPrototype$1[ITERATOR$6] = ArrayValues;
+           }
+           if (!CollectionPrototype$1[TO_STRING_TAG$1]) {
+             createNonEnumerableProperty(CollectionPrototype$1, TO_STRING_TAG$1, COLLECTION_NAME$1);
+           }
+           if (domIterables[COLLECTION_NAME$1]) for (var METHOD_NAME in es_array_iterator) {
+             // some Chrome versions have non-configurable methods on DOMTokenList
+             if (CollectionPrototype$1[METHOD_NAME] !== es_array_iterator[METHOD_NAME]) try {
+               createNonEnumerableProperty(CollectionPrototype$1, METHOD_NAME, es_array_iterator[METHOD_NAME]);
+             } catch (error) {
+               CollectionPrototype$1[METHOD_NAME] = es_array_iterator[METHOD_NAME];
+             }
+           }
+         }
+       }
+
+       // `IsArray` abstract operation
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-isarray
+       // eslint-disable-next-line es/no-array-isarray -- safe
+       var isArray = Array.isArray || function isArray(arg) {
+         return classofRaw(arg) == 'Array';
+       };
+
+       /* eslint-disable es/no-object-getownpropertynames -- safe */
+
+       var $getOwnPropertyNames$1 = objectGetOwnPropertyNames.f;
 
-               // temp disabled per https://github.com/ljharb/object.assign/issues/17
-               // if (sym instanceof Symbol) { return false; }
-               // temp disabled per https://github.com/WebReflection/get-own-property-symbols/issues/4
-               // if (!(symObj instanceof Symbol)) { return false; }
+       var toString = {}.toString;
 
-               // if (typeof Symbol.prototype.toString !== 'function') { return false; }
-               // if (String(sym) !== Symbol.prototype.toString.call(sym)) { return false; }
+       var windowNames = typeof window == 'object' && window && Object.getOwnPropertyNames
+         ? Object.getOwnPropertyNames(window) : [];
 
-               var symVal = 42;
-               obj[sym] = symVal;
-               for (sym in obj) { return false; } // eslint-disable-line no-restricted-syntax
-               if (typeof Object.keys === 'function' && Object.keys(obj).length !== 0) { return false; }
+       var getWindowNames = function (it) {
+         try {
+           return $getOwnPropertyNames$1(it);
+         } catch (error) {
+           return windowNames.slice();
+         }
+       };
 
-               if (typeof Object.getOwnPropertyNames === 'function' && Object.getOwnPropertyNames(obj).length !== 0) { return false; }
+       // fallback for IE11 buggy Object.getOwnPropertyNames with iframe and window
+       var f$1 = function getOwnPropertyNames(it) {
+         return windowNames && toString.call(it) == '[object Window]'
+           ? getWindowNames(it)
+           : $getOwnPropertyNames$1(toIndexedObject(it));
+       };
 
-               var syms = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(obj);
-               if (syms.length !== 1 || syms[0] !== sym) { return false; }
+       var objectGetOwnPropertyNamesExternal = {
+               f: f$1
+       };
+
+       var aFunction = function (it) {
+         if (typeof it != 'function') {
+           throw TypeError(String(it) + ' is not a function');
+         } return it;
+       };
+
+       // optional / simple context binding
+       var functionBindContext = function (fn, that, length) {
+         aFunction(fn);
+         if (that === undefined) return fn;
+         switch (length) {
+           case 0: return function () {
+             return fn.call(that);
+           };
+           case 1: return function (a) {
+             return fn.call(that, a);
+           };
+           case 2: return function (a, b) {
+             return fn.call(that, a, b);
+           };
+           case 3: return function (a, b, c) {
+             return fn.call(that, a, b, c);
+           };
+         }
+         return function (/* ...args */) {
+           return fn.apply(that, arguments);
+         };
+       };
+
+       var SPECIES$6 = wellKnownSymbol('species');
+
+       // `ArraySpeciesCreate` abstract operation
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-arrayspeciescreate
+       var arraySpeciesCreate = function (originalArray, length) {
+         var C;
+         if (isArray(originalArray)) {
+           C = originalArray.constructor;
+           // cross-realm fallback
+           if (typeof C == 'function' && (C === Array || isArray(C.prototype))) C = undefined;
+           else if (isObject$4(C)) {
+             C = C[SPECIES$6];
+             if (C === null) C = undefined;
+           }
+         } return new (C === undefined ? Array : C)(length === 0 ? 0 : length);
+       };
+
+       var push = [].push;
+
+       // `Array.prototype.{ forEach, map, filter, some, every, find, findIndex, filterOut }` methods implementation
+       var createMethod$4 = function (TYPE) {
+         var IS_MAP = TYPE == 1;
+         var IS_FILTER = TYPE == 2;
+         var IS_SOME = TYPE == 3;
+         var IS_EVERY = TYPE == 4;
+         var IS_FIND_INDEX = TYPE == 6;
+         var IS_FILTER_OUT = TYPE == 7;
+         var NO_HOLES = TYPE == 5 || IS_FIND_INDEX;
+         return function ($this, callbackfn, that, specificCreate) {
+           var O = toObject($this);
+           var self = indexedObject(O);
+           var boundFunction = functionBindContext(callbackfn, that, 3);
+           var length = toLength(self.length);
+           var index = 0;
+           var create = specificCreate || arraySpeciesCreate;
+           var target = IS_MAP ? create($this, length) : IS_FILTER || IS_FILTER_OUT ? create($this, 0) : undefined;
+           var value, result;
+           for (;length > index; index++) if (NO_HOLES || index in self) {
+             value = self[index];
+             result = boundFunction(value, index, O);
+             if (TYPE) {
+               if (IS_MAP) target[index] = result; // map
+               else if (result) switch (TYPE) {
+                 case 3: return true;              // some
+                 case 5: return value;             // find
+                 case 6: return index;             // findIndex
+                 case 2: push.call(target, value); // filter
+               } else switch (TYPE) {
+                 case 4: return false;             // every
+                 case 7: push.call(target, value); // filterOut
+               }
+             }
+           }
+           return IS_FIND_INDEX ? -1 : IS_SOME || IS_EVERY ? IS_EVERY : target;
+         };
+       };
+
+       var arrayIteration = {
+         // `Array.prototype.forEach` method
+         // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-array.prototype.foreach
+         forEach: createMethod$4(0),
+         // `Array.prototype.map` method
+         // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-array.prototype.map
+         map: createMethod$4(1),
+         // `Array.prototype.filter` method
+         // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-array.prototype.filter
+         filter: createMethod$4(2),
+         // `Array.prototype.some` method
+         // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-array.prototype.some
+         some: createMethod$4(3),
+         // `Array.prototype.every` method
+         // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-array.prototype.every
+         every: createMethod$4(4),
+         // `Array.prototype.find` method
+         // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-array.prototype.find
+         find: createMethod$4(5),
+         // `Array.prototype.findIndex` method
+         // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-array.prototype.findIndex
+         findIndex: createMethod$4(6),
+         // `Array.prototype.filterOut` method
+         // https://github.com/tc39/proposal-array-filtering
+         filterOut: createMethod$4(7)
+       };
+
+       var $forEach$2 = arrayIteration.forEach;
+
+       var HIDDEN = sharedKey('hidden');
+       var SYMBOL = 'Symbol';
+       var PROTOTYPE$1 = 'prototype';
+       var TO_PRIMITIVE = wellKnownSymbol('toPrimitive');
+       var setInternalState$5 = internalState.set;
+       var getInternalState$3 = internalState.getterFor(SYMBOL);
+       var ObjectPrototype$2 = Object[PROTOTYPE$1];
+       var $Symbol = global$2.Symbol;
+       var $stringify = getBuiltIn('JSON', 'stringify');
+       var nativeGetOwnPropertyDescriptor$1 = objectGetOwnPropertyDescriptor.f;
+       var nativeDefineProperty = objectDefineProperty.f;
+       var nativeGetOwnPropertyNames = objectGetOwnPropertyNamesExternal.f;
+       var nativePropertyIsEnumerable = objectPropertyIsEnumerable.f;
+       var AllSymbols = shared('symbols');
+       var ObjectPrototypeSymbols = shared('op-symbols');
+       var StringToSymbolRegistry = shared('string-to-symbol-registry');
+       var SymbolToStringRegistry = shared('symbol-to-string-registry');
+       var WellKnownSymbolsStore = shared('wks');
+       var QObject = global$2.QObject;
+       // Don't use setters in Qt Script, https://github.com/zloirock/core-js/issues/173
+       var USE_SETTER = !QObject || !QObject[PROTOTYPE$1] || !QObject[PROTOTYPE$1].findChild;
+
+       // fallback for old Android, https://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=687
+       var setSymbolDescriptor = descriptors && fails(function () {
+         return objectCreate(nativeDefineProperty({}, 'a', {
+           get: function () { return nativeDefineProperty(this, 'a', { value: 7 }).a; }
+         })).a != 7;
+       }) ? function (O, P, Attributes) {
+         var ObjectPrototypeDescriptor = nativeGetOwnPropertyDescriptor$1(ObjectPrototype$2, P);
+         if (ObjectPrototypeDescriptor) delete ObjectPrototype$2[P];
+         nativeDefineProperty(O, P, Attributes);
+         if (ObjectPrototypeDescriptor && O !== ObjectPrototype$2) {
+           nativeDefineProperty(ObjectPrototype$2, P, ObjectPrototypeDescriptor);
+         }
+       } : nativeDefineProperty;
+
+       var wrap$2 = function (tag, description) {
+         var symbol = AllSymbols[tag] = objectCreate($Symbol[PROTOTYPE$1]);
+         setInternalState$5(symbol, {
+           type: SYMBOL,
+           tag: tag,
+           description: description
+         });
+         if (!descriptors) symbol.description = description;
+         return symbol;
+       };
 
-               if (!Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(obj, sym)) { return false; }
+       var isSymbol$1 = useSymbolAsUid ? function (it) {
+         return typeof it == 'symbol';
+       } : function (it) {
+         return Object(it) instanceof $Symbol;
+       };
 
-               if (typeof Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor === 'function') {
-                       var descriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(obj, sym);
-                       if (descriptor.value !== symVal || descriptor.enumerable !== true) { return false; }
-               }
+       var $defineProperty = function defineProperty(O, P, Attributes) {
+         if (O === ObjectPrototype$2) $defineProperty(ObjectPrototypeSymbols, P, Attributes);
+         anObject(O);
+         var key = toPrimitive(P, true);
+         anObject(Attributes);
+         if (has$1(AllSymbols, key)) {
+           if (!Attributes.enumerable) {
+             if (!has$1(O, HIDDEN)) nativeDefineProperty(O, HIDDEN, createPropertyDescriptor(1, {}));
+             O[HIDDEN][key] = true;
+           } else {
+             if (has$1(O, HIDDEN) && O[HIDDEN][key]) O[HIDDEN][key] = false;
+             Attributes = objectCreate(Attributes, { enumerable: createPropertyDescriptor(0, false) });
+           } return setSymbolDescriptor(O, key, Attributes);
+         } return nativeDefineProperty(O, key, Attributes);
+       };
+
+       var $defineProperties = function defineProperties(O, Properties) {
+         anObject(O);
+         var properties = toIndexedObject(Properties);
+         var keys = objectKeys(properties).concat($getOwnPropertySymbols(properties));
+         $forEach$2(keys, function (key) {
+           if (!descriptors || $propertyIsEnumerable.call(properties, key)) $defineProperty(O, key, properties[key]);
+         });
+         return O;
+       };
 
-               return true;
+       var $create = function create(O, Properties) {
+         return Properties === undefined ? objectCreate(O) : $defineProperties(objectCreate(O), Properties);
        };
 
-       var origSymbol = commonjsGlobal.Symbol;
+       var $propertyIsEnumerable = function propertyIsEnumerable(V) {
+         var P = toPrimitive(V, true);
+         var enumerable = nativePropertyIsEnumerable.call(this, P);
+         if (this === ObjectPrototype$2 && has$1(AllSymbols, P) && !has$1(ObjectPrototypeSymbols, P)) return false;
+         return enumerable || !has$1(this, P) || !has$1(AllSymbols, P) || has$1(this, HIDDEN) && this[HIDDEN][P] ? enumerable : true;
+       };
 
+       var $getOwnPropertyDescriptor = function getOwnPropertyDescriptor(O, P) {
+         var it = toIndexedObject(O);
+         var key = toPrimitive(P, true);
+         if (it === ObjectPrototype$2 && has$1(AllSymbols, key) && !has$1(ObjectPrototypeSymbols, key)) return;
+         var descriptor = nativeGetOwnPropertyDescriptor$1(it, key);
+         if (descriptor && has$1(AllSymbols, key) && !(has$1(it, HIDDEN) && it[HIDDEN][key])) {
+           descriptor.enumerable = true;
+         }
+         return descriptor;
+       };
 
-       var hasSymbols$1 = function hasNativeSymbols() {
-               if (typeof origSymbol !== 'function') { return false; }
-               if (typeof Symbol !== 'function') { return false; }
-               if (typeof origSymbol('foo') !== 'symbol') { return false; }
-               if (typeof Symbol('bar') !== 'symbol') { return false; }
+       var $getOwnPropertyNames = function getOwnPropertyNames(O) {
+         var names = nativeGetOwnPropertyNames(toIndexedObject(O));
+         var result = [];
+         $forEach$2(names, function (key) {
+           if (!has$1(AllSymbols, key) && !has$1(hiddenKeys$1, key)) result.push(key);
+         });
+         return result;
+       };
 
-               return shams();
+       var $getOwnPropertySymbols = function getOwnPropertySymbols(O) {
+         var IS_OBJECT_PROTOTYPE = O === ObjectPrototype$2;
+         var names = nativeGetOwnPropertyNames(IS_OBJECT_PROTOTYPE ? ObjectPrototypeSymbols : toIndexedObject(O));
+         var result = [];
+         $forEach$2(names, function (key) {
+           if (has$1(AllSymbols, key) && (!IS_OBJECT_PROTOTYPE || has$1(ObjectPrototype$2, key))) {
+             result.push(AllSymbols[key]);
+           }
+         });
+         return result;
        };
 
-       /* eslint no-invalid-this: 1 */
-
-       var ERROR_MESSAGE = 'Function.prototype.bind called on incompatible ';
-       var slice$1 = Array.prototype.slice;
-       var toStr$3 = Object.prototype.toString;
-       var funcType = '[object Function]';
-
-       var implementation$2 = function bind(that) {
-           var target = this;
-           if (typeof target !== 'function' || toStr$3.call(target) !== funcType) {
-               throw new TypeError(ERROR_MESSAGE + target);
-           }
-           var args = slice$1.call(arguments, 1);
-
-           var bound;
-           var binder = function () {
-               if (this instanceof bound) {
-                   var result = target.apply(
-                       this,
-                       args.concat(slice$1.call(arguments))
-                   );
-                   if (Object(result) === result) {
-                       return result;
-                   }
-                   return this;
-               } else {
-                   return target.apply(
-                       that,
-                       args.concat(slice$1.call(arguments))
-                   );
-               }
+       // `Symbol` constructor
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-symbol-constructor
+       if (!nativeSymbol) {
+         $Symbol = function Symbol() {
+           if (this instanceof $Symbol) throw TypeError('Symbol is not a constructor');
+           var description = !arguments.length || arguments[0] === undefined ? undefined : String(arguments[0]);
+           var tag = uid(description);
+           var setter = function (value) {
+             if (this === ObjectPrototype$2) setter.call(ObjectPrototypeSymbols, value);
+             if (has$1(this, HIDDEN) && has$1(this[HIDDEN], tag)) this[HIDDEN][tag] = false;
+             setSymbolDescriptor(this, tag, createPropertyDescriptor(1, value));
            };
+           if (descriptors && USE_SETTER) setSymbolDescriptor(ObjectPrototype$2, tag, { configurable: true, set: setter });
+           return wrap$2(tag, description);
+         };
 
-           var boundLength = Math.max(0, target.length - args.length);
-           var boundArgs = [];
-           for (var i = 0; i < boundLength; i++) {
-               boundArgs.push('$' + i);
-           }
+         redefine($Symbol[PROTOTYPE$1], 'toString', function toString() {
+           return getInternalState$3(this).tag;
+         });
 
-           bound = Function('binder', 'return function (' + boundArgs.join(',') + '){ return binder.apply(this,arguments); }')(binder);
+         redefine($Symbol, 'withoutSetter', function (description) {
+           return wrap$2(uid(description), description);
+         });
 
-           if (target.prototype) {
-               var Empty = function Empty() {};
-               Empty.prototype = target.prototype;
-               bound.prototype = new Empty();
-               Empty.prototype = null;
-           }
+         objectPropertyIsEnumerable.f = $propertyIsEnumerable;
+         objectDefineProperty.f = $defineProperty;
+         objectGetOwnPropertyDescriptor.f = $getOwnPropertyDescriptor;
+         objectGetOwnPropertyNames.f = objectGetOwnPropertyNamesExternal.f = $getOwnPropertyNames;
+         objectGetOwnPropertySymbols.f = $getOwnPropertySymbols;
 
-           return bound;
-       };
+         wellKnownSymbolWrapped.f = function (name) {
+           return wrap$2(wellKnownSymbol(name), name);
+         };
 
-       var functionBind = Function.prototype.bind || implementation$2;
+         if (descriptors) {
+           // https://github.com/tc39/proposal-Symbol-description
+           nativeDefineProperty($Symbol[PROTOTYPE$1], 'description', {
+             configurable: true,
+             get: function description() {
+               return getInternalState$3(this).description;
+             }
+           });
+           {
+             redefine(ObjectPrototype$2, 'propertyIsEnumerable', $propertyIsEnumerable, { unsafe: true });
+           }
+         }
+       }
 
-       /* globals
-               Atomics,
-               SharedArrayBuffer,
-       */
+       _export({ global: true, wrap: true, forced: !nativeSymbol, sham: !nativeSymbol }, {
+         Symbol: $Symbol
+       });
 
-       var undefined$1;
-
-       var $TypeError = TypeError;
-
-       var $gOPD = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor;
-       if ($gOPD) {
-               try {
-                       $gOPD({}, '');
-               } catch (e) {
-                       $gOPD = null; // this is IE 8, which has a broken gOPD
-               }
-       }
-
-       var throwTypeError = function () { throw new $TypeError(); };
-       var ThrowTypeError = $gOPD
-               ? (function () {
-                       try {
-                               // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-expressions, no-caller, no-restricted-properties
-                               arguments.callee; // IE 8 does not throw here
-                               return throwTypeError;
-                       } catch (calleeThrows) {
-                               try {
-                                       // IE 8 throws on Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(arguments, '')
-                                       return $gOPD(arguments, 'callee').get;
-                               } catch (gOPDthrows) {
-                                       return throwTypeError;
-                               }
-                       }
-               }())
-               : throwTypeError;
-
-       var hasSymbols$2 = hasSymbols$1();
-
-       var getProto = Object.getPrototypeOf || function (x) { return x.__proto__; }; // eslint-disable-line no-proto
-       var generatorFunction =  undefined$1;
-       var asyncFunction =  undefined$1;
-       var asyncGenFunction =  undefined$1;
-
-       var TypedArray = typeof Uint8Array === 'undefined' ? undefined$1 : getProto(Uint8Array);
-
-       var INTRINSICS = {
-               '%Array%': Array,
-               '%ArrayBuffer%': typeof ArrayBuffer === 'undefined' ? undefined$1 : ArrayBuffer,
-               '%ArrayBufferPrototype%': typeof ArrayBuffer === 'undefined' ? undefined$1 : ArrayBuffer.prototype,
-               '%ArrayIteratorPrototype%': hasSymbols$2 ? getProto([][Symbol.iterator]()) : undefined$1,
-               '%ArrayPrototype%': Array.prototype,
-               '%ArrayProto_entries%': Array.prototype.entries,
-               '%ArrayProto_forEach%': Array.prototype.forEach,
-               '%ArrayProto_keys%': Array.prototype.keys,
-               '%ArrayProto_values%': Array.prototype.values,
-               '%AsyncFromSyncIteratorPrototype%': undefined$1,
-               '%AsyncFunction%': asyncFunction,
-               '%AsyncFunctionPrototype%':  undefined$1,
-               '%AsyncGenerator%':  undefined$1,
-               '%AsyncGeneratorFunction%': asyncGenFunction,
-               '%AsyncGeneratorPrototype%':  undefined$1,
-               '%AsyncIteratorPrototype%':  undefined$1,
-               '%Atomics%': typeof Atomics === 'undefined' ? undefined$1 : Atomics,
-               '%Boolean%': Boolean,
-               '%BooleanPrototype%': Boolean.prototype,
-               '%DataView%': typeof DataView === 'undefined' ? undefined$1 : DataView,
-               '%DataViewPrototype%': typeof DataView === 'undefined' ? undefined$1 : DataView.prototype,
-               '%Date%': Date,
-               '%DatePrototype%': Date.prototype,
-               '%decodeURI%': decodeURI,
-               '%decodeURIComponent%': decodeURIComponent,
-               '%encodeURI%': encodeURI,
-               '%encodeURIComponent%': encodeURIComponent,
-               '%Error%': Error,
-               '%ErrorPrototype%': Error.prototype,
-               '%eval%': eval, // eslint-disable-line no-eval
-               '%EvalError%': EvalError,
-               '%EvalErrorPrototype%': EvalError.prototype,
-               '%Float32Array%': typeof Float32Array === 'undefined' ? undefined$1 : Float32Array,
-               '%Float32ArrayPrototype%': typeof Float32Array === 'undefined' ? undefined$1 : Float32Array.prototype,
-               '%Float64Array%': typeof Float64Array === 'undefined' ? undefined$1 : Float64Array,
-               '%Float64ArrayPrototype%': typeof Float64Array === 'undefined' ? undefined$1 : Float64Array.prototype,
-               '%Function%': Function,
-               '%FunctionPrototype%': Function.prototype,
-               '%Generator%':  undefined$1,
-               '%GeneratorFunction%': generatorFunction,
-               '%GeneratorPrototype%':  undefined$1,
-               '%Int8Array%': typeof Int8Array === 'undefined' ? undefined$1 : Int8Array,
-               '%Int8ArrayPrototype%': typeof Int8Array === 'undefined' ? undefined$1 : Int8Array.prototype,
-               '%Int16Array%': typeof Int16Array === 'undefined' ? undefined$1 : Int16Array,
-               '%Int16ArrayPrototype%': typeof Int16Array === 'undefined' ? undefined$1 : Int8Array.prototype,
-               '%Int32Array%': typeof Int32Array === 'undefined' ? undefined$1 : Int32Array,
-               '%Int32ArrayPrototype%': typeof Int32Array === 'undefined' ? undefined$1 : Int32Array.prototype,
-               '%isFinite%': isFinite,
-               '%isNaN%': isNaN,
-               '%IteratorPrototype%': hasSymbols$2 ? getProto(getProto([][Symbol.iterator]())) : undefined$1,
-               '%JSON%': typeof JSON === 'object' ? JSON : undefined$1,
-               '%JSONParse%': typeof JSON === 'object' ? JSON.parse : undefined$1,
-               '%Map%': typeof Map === 'undefined' ? undefined$1 : Map,
-               '%MapIteratorPrototype%': typeof Map === 'undefined' || !hasSymbols$2 ? undefined$1 : getProto(new Map()[Symbol.iterator]()),
-               '%MapPrototype%': typeof Map === 'undefined' ? undefined$1 : Map.prototype,
-               '%Math%': Math,
-               '%Number%': Number,
-               '%NumberPrototype%': Number.prototype,
-               '%Object%': Object,
-               '%ObjectPrototype%': Object.prototype,
-               '%ObjProto_toString%': Object.prototype.toString,
-               '%ObjProto_valueOf%': Object.prototype.valueOf,
-               '%parseFloat%': parseFloat,
-               '%parseInt%': parseInt,
-               '%Promise%': typeof Promise === 'undefined' ? undefined$1 : Promise,
-               '%PromisePrototype%': typeof Promise === 'undefined' ? undefined$1 : Promise.prototype,
-               '%PromiseProto_then%': typeof Promise === 'undefined' ? undefined$1 : Promise.prototype.then,
-               '%Promise_all%': typeof Promise === 'undefined' ? undefined$1 : Promise.all,
-               '%Promise_reject%': typeof Promise === 'undefined' ? undefined$1 : Promise.reject,
-               '%Promise_resolve%': typeof Promise === 'undefined' ? undefined$1 : Promise.resolve,
-               '%Proxy%': typeof Proxy === 'undefined' ? undefined$1 : Proxy,
-               '%RangeError%': RangeError,
-               '%RangeErrorPrototype%': RangeError.prototype,
-               '%ReferenceError%': ReferenceError,
-               '%ReferenceErrorPrototype%': ReferenceError.prototype,
-               '%Reflect%': typeof Reflect === 'undefined' ? undefined$1 : Reflect,
-               '%RegExp%': RegExp,
-               '%RegExpPrototype%': RegExp.prototype,
-               '%Set%': typeof Set === 'undefined' ? undefined$1 : Set,
-               '%SetIteratorPrototype%': typeof Set === 'undefined' || !hasSymbols$2 ? undefined$1 : getProto(new Set()[Symbol.iterator]()),
-               '%SetPrototype%': typeof Set === 'undefined' ? undefined$1 : Set.prototype,
-               '%SharedArrayBuffer%': typeof SharedArrayBuffer === 'undefined' ? undefined$1 : SharedArrayBuffer,
-               '%SharedArrayBufferPrototype%': typeof SharedArrayBuffer === 'undefined' ? undefined$1 : SharedArrayBuffer.prototype,
-               '%String%': String,
-               '%StringIteratorPrototype%': hasSymbols$2 ? getProto(''[Symbol.iterator]()) : undefined$1,
-               '%StringPrototype%': String.prototype,
-               '%Symbol%': hasSymbols$2 ? Symbol : undefined$1,
-               '%SymbolPrototype%': hasSymbols$2 ? Symbol.prototype : undefined$1,
-               '%SyntaxError%': SyntaxError,
-               '%SyntaxErrorPrototype%': SyntaxError.prototype,
-               '%ThrowTypeError%': ThrowTypeError,
-               '%TypedArray%': TypedArray,
-               '%TypedArrayPrototype%': TypedArray ? TypedArray.prototype : undefined$1,
-               '%TypeError%': $TypeError,
-               '%TypeErrorPrototype%': $TypeError.prototype,
-               '%Uint8Array%': typeof Uint8Array === 'undefined' ? undefined$1 : Uint8Array,
-               '%Uint8ArrayPrototype%': typeof Uint8Array === 'undefined' ? undefined$1 : Uint8Array.prototype,
-               '%Uint8ClampedArray%': typeof Uint8ClampedArray === 'undefined' ? undefined$1 : Uint8ClampedArray,
-               '%Uint8ClampedArrayPrototype%': typeof Uint8ClampedArray === 'undefined' ? undefined$1 : Uint8ClampedArray.prototype,
-               '%Uint16Array%': typeof Uint16Array === 'undefined' ? undefined$1 : Uint16Array,
-               '%Uint16ArrayPrototype%': typeof Uint16Array === 'undefined' ? undefined$1 : Uint16Array.prototype,
-               '%Uint32Array%': typeof Uint32Array === 'undefined' ? undefined$1 : Uint32Array,
-               '%Uint32ArrayPrototype%': typeof Uint32Array === 'undefined' ? undefined$1 : Uint32Array.prototype,
-               '%URIError%': URIError,
-               '%URIErrorPrototype%': URIError.prototype,
-               '%WeakMap%': typeof WeakMap === 'undefined' ? undefined$1 : WeakMap,
-               '%WeakMapPrototype%': typeof WeakMap === 'undefined' ? undefined$1 : WeakMap.prototype,
-               '%WeakSet%': typeof WeakSet === 'undefined' ? undefined$1 : WeakSet,
-               '%WeakSetPrototype%': typeof WeakSet === 'undefined' ? undefined$1 : WeakSet.prototype
-       };
+       $forEach$2(objectKeys(WellKnownSymbolsStore), function (name) {
+         defineWellKnownSymbol(name);
+       });
 
+       _export({ target: SYMBOL, stat: true, forced: !nativeSymbol }, {
+         // `Symbol.for` method
+         // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-symbol.for
+         'for': function (key) {
+           var string = String(key);
+           if (has$1(StringToSymbolRegistry, string)) return StringToSymbolRegistry[string];
+           var symbol = $Symbol(string);
+           StringToSymbolRegistry[string] = symbol;
+           SymbolToStringRegistry[symbol] = string;
+           return symbol;
+         },
+         // `Symbol.keyFor` method
+         // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-symbol.keyfor
+         keyFor: function keyFor(sym) {
+           if (!isSymbol$1(sym)) throw TypeError(sym + ' is not a symbol');
+           if (has$1(SymbolToStringRegistry, sym)) return SymbolToStringRegistry[sym];
+         },
+         useSetter: function () { USE_SETTER = true; },
+         useSimple: function () { USE_SETTER = false; }
+       });
 
-       var $replace = functionBind.call(Function.call, String.prototype.replace);
+       _export({ target: 'Object', stat: true, forced: !nativeSymbol, sham: !descriptors }, {
+         // `Object.create` method
+         // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-object.create
+         create: $create,
+         // `Object.defineProperty` method
+         // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-object.defineproperty
+         defineProperty: $defineProperty,
+         // `Object.defineProperties` method
+         // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-object.defineproperties
+         defineProperties: $defineProperties,
+         // `Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor` method
+         // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-object.getownpropertydescriptors
+         getOwnPropertyDescriptor: $getOwnPropertyDescriptor
+       });
 
-       /* adapted from https://github.com/lodash/lodash/blob/4.17.15/dist/lodash.js#L6735-L6744 */
-       var rePropName = /[^%.[\]]+|\[(?:(-?\d+(?:\.\d+)?)|(["'])((?:(?!\2)[^\\]|\\.)*?)\2)\]|(?=(?:\.|\[\])(?:\.|\[\]|%$))/g;
-       var reEscapeChar = /\\(\\)?/g; /** Used to match backslashes in property paths. */
-       var stringToPath = function stringToPath(string) {
-               var result = [];
-               $replace(string, rePropName, function (match, number, quote, subString) {
-                       result[result.length] = quote ? $replace(subString, reEscapeChar, '$1') : (number || match);
-               });
-               return result;
-       };
-       /* end adaptation */
+       _export({ target: 'Object', stat: true, forced: !nativeSymbol }, {
+         // `Object.getOwnPropertyNames` method
+         // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-object.getownpropertynames
+         getOwnPropertyNames: $getOwnPropertyNames,
+         // `Object.getOwnPropertySymbols` method
+         // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-object.getownpropertysymbols
+         getOwnPropertySymbols: $getOwnPropertySymbols
+       });
 
-       var getBaseIntrinsic = function getBaseIntrinsic(name, allowMissing) {
-               if (!(name in INTRINSICS)) {
-                       throw new SyntaxError('intrinsic ' + name + ' does not exist!');
-               }
+       // Chrome 38 and 39 `Object.getOwnPropertySymbols` fails on primitives
+       // https://bugs.chromium.org/p/v8/issues/detail?id=3443
+       _export({ target: 'Object', stat: true, forced: fails(function () { objectGetOwnPropertySymbols.f(1); }) }, {
+         getOwnPropertySymbols: function getOwnPropertySymbols(it) {
+           return objectGetOwnPropertySymbols.f(toObject(it));
+         }
+       });
 
-               // istanbul ignore if // hopefully this is impossible to test :-)
-               if (typeof INTRINSICS[name] === 'undefined' && !allowMissing) {
-                       throw new $TypeError('intrinsic ' + name + ' exists, but is not available. Please file an issue!');
-               }
+       // `JSON.stringify` method behavior with symbols
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-json.stringify
+       if ($stringify) {
+         var FORCED_JSON_STRINGIFY = !nativeSymbol || fails(function () {
+           var symbol = $Symbol();
+           // MS Edge converts symbol values to JSON as {}
+           return $stringify([symbol]) != '[null]'
+             // WebKit converts symbol values to JSON as null
+             || $stringify({ a: symbol }) != '{}'
+             // V8 throws on boxed symbols
+             || $stringify(Object(symbol)) != '{}';
+         });
 
-               return INTRINSICS[name];
-       };
+         _export({ target: 'JSON', stat: true, forced: FORCED_JSON_STRINGIFY }, {
+           // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars -- required for `.length`
+           stringify: function stringify(it, replacer, space) {
+             var args = [it];
+             var index = 1;
+             var $replacer;
+             while (arguments.length > index) args.push(arguments[index++]);
+             $replacer = replacer;
+             if (!isObject$4(replacer) && it === undefined || isSymbol$1(it)) return; // IE8 returns string on undefined
+             if (!isArray(replacer)) replacer = function (key, value) {
+               if (typeof $replacer == 'function') value = $replacer.call(this, key, value);
+               if (!isSymbol$1(value)) return value;
+             };
+             args[1] = replacer;
+             return $stringify.apply(null, args);
+           }
+         });
+       }
 
-       var GetIntrinsic = function GetIntrinsic(name, allowMissing) {
-               if (typeof name !== 'string' || name.length === 0) {
-                       throw new TypeError('intrinsic name must be a non-empty string');
-               }
-               if (arguments.length > 1 && typeof allowMissing !== 'boolean') {
-                       throw new TypeError('"allowMissing" argument must be a boolean');
-               }
-
-               var parts = stringToPath(name);
-
-               var value = getBaseIntrinsic('%' + (parts.length > 0 ? parts[0] : '') + '%', allowMissing);
-               for (var i = 1; i < parts.length; i += 1) {
-                       if (value != null) {
-                               if ($gOPD && (i + 1) >= parts.length) {
-                                       var desc = $gOPD(value, parts[i]);
-                                       if (!allowMissing && !(parts[i] in value)) {
-                                               throw new $TypeError('base intrinsic for ' + name + ' exists, but the property is not available.');
-                                       }
-                                       value = desc ? (desc.get || desc.value) : value[parts[i]];
-                               } else {
-                                       value = value[parts[i]];
-                               }
-                       }
-               }
-               return value;
-       };
+       // `Symbol.prototype[@@toPrimitive]` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-symbol.prototype-@@toprimitive
+       if (!$Symbol[PROTOTYPE$1][TO_PRIMITIVE]) {
+         createNonEnumerableProperty($Symbol[PROTOTYPE$1], TO_PRIMITIVE, $Symbol[PROTOTYPE$1].valueOf);
+       }
+       // `Symbol.prototype[@@toStringTag]` property
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-symbol.prototype-@@tostringtag
+       setToStringTag($Symbol, SYMBOL);
 
-       var $TypeError$1 = GetIntrinsic('%TypeError%');
+       hiddenKeys$1[HIDDEN] = true;
 
-       // http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/5.1/#sec-9.10
+       var defineProperty$7 = objectDefineProperty.f;
 
-       var CheckObjectCoercible = function CheckObjectCoercible(value, optMessage) {
-               if (value == null) {
-                       throw new $TypeError$1(optMessage || ('Cannot call method on ' + value));
-               }
-               return value;
-       };
 
-       var RequireObjectCoercible = CheckObjectCoercible;
+       var NativeSymbol = global$2.Symbol;
 
-       var $Object = GetIntrinsic('%Object%');
+       if (descriptors && typeof NativeSymbol == 'function' && (!('description' in NativeSymbol.prototype) ||
+         // Safari 12 bug
+         NativeSymbol().description !== undefined
+       )) {
+         var EmptyStringDescriptionStore = {};
+         // wrap Symbol constructor for correct work with undefined description
+         var SymbolWrapper = function Symbol() {
+           var description = arguments.length < 1 || arguments[0] === undefined ? undefined : String(arguments[0]);
+           var result = this instanceof SymbolWrapper
+             ? new NativeSymbol(description)
+             // in Edge 13, String(Symbol(undefined)) === 'Symbol(undefined)'
+             : description === undefined ? NativeSymbol() : NativeSymbol(description);
+           if (description === '') EmptyStringDescriptionStore[result] = true;
+           return result;
+         };
+         copyConstructorProperties(SymbolWrapper, NativeSymbol);
+         var symbolPrototype = SymbolWrapper.prototype = NativeSymbol.prototype;
+         symbolPrototype.constructor = SymbolWrapper;
 
+         var symbolToString = symbolPrototype.toString;
+         var native = String(NativeSymbol('test')) == 'Symbol(test)';
+         var regexp = /^Symbol\((.*)\)[^)]+$/;
+         defineProperty$7(symbolPrototype, 'description', {
+           configurable: true,
+           get: function description() {
+             var symbol = isObject$4(this) ? this.valueOf() : this;
+             var string = symbolToString.call(symbol);
+             if (has$1(EmptyStringDescriptionStore, symbol)) return '';
+             var desc = native ? string.slice(7, -1) : string.replace(regexp, '$1');
+             return desc === '' ? undefined : desc;
+           }
+         });
 
+         _export({ global: true, forced: true }, {
+           Symbol: SymbolWrapper
+         });
+       }
 
-       // https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-toobject
+       // eslint-disable-next-line es/no-typed-arrays -- safe
+       var arrayBufferNative = typeof ArrayBuffer !== 'undefined' && typeof DataView !== 'undefined';
 
-       var ToObject = function ToObject(value) {
-               RequireObjectCoercible(value);
-               return $Object(value);
+       var redefineAll = function (target, src, options) {
+         for (var key in src) redefine(target, key, src[key], options);
+         return target;
        };
 
-       var $Math = GetIntrinsic('%Math%');
-       var $Number = GetIntrinsic('%Number%');
-
-       var maxSafeInteger = $Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER || $Math.pow(2, 53) - 1;
-
-       // http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/5.1/#sec-9.3
-
-       var ToNumber = function ToNumber(value) {
-               return +value; // eslint-disable-line no-implicit-coercion
+       var anInstance = function (it, Constructor, name) {
+         if (!(it instanceof Constructor)) {
+           throw TypeError('Incorrect ' + (name ? name + ' ' : '') + 'invocation');
+         } return it;
        };
 
-       var _isNaN = Number.isNaN || function isNaN(a) {
-               return a !== a;
+       // `ToIndex` abstract operation
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-toindex
+       var toIndex = function (it) {
+         if (it === undefined) return 0;
+         var number = toInteger(it);
+         var length = toLength(number);
+         if (number !== length) throw RangeError('Wrong length or index');
+         return length;
        };
 
-       var $isNaN = Number.isNaN || function (a) { return a !== a; };
+       // IEEE754 conversions based on https://github.com/feross/ieee754
+       var abs$4 = Math.abs;
+       var pow$2 = Math.pow;
+       var floor$6 = Math.floor;
+       var log$2 = Math.log;
+       var LN2 = Math.LN2;
 
-       var _isFinite = Number.isFinite || function (x) { return typeof x === 'number' && !$isNaN(x) && x !== Infinity && x !== -Infinity; };
+       var pack = function (number, mantissaLength, bytes) {
+         var buffer = new Array(bytes);
+         var exponentLength = bytes * 8 - mantissaLength - 1;
+         var eMax = (1 << exponentLength) - 1;
+         var eBias = eMax >> 1;
+         var rt = mantissaLength === 23 ? pow$2(2, -24) - pow$2(2, -77) : 0;
+         var sign = number < 0 || number === 0 && 1 / number < 0 ? 1 : 0;
+         var index = 0;
+         var exponent, mantissa, c;
+         number = abs$4(number);
+         // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare -- NaN check
+         if (number != number || number === Infinity) {
+           // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare -- NaN check
+           mantissa = number != number ? 1 : 0;
+           exponent = eMax;
+         } else {
+           exponent = floor$6(log$2(number) / LN2);
+           if (number * (c = pow$2(2, -exponent)) < 1) {
+             exponent--;
+             c *= 2;
+           }
+           if (exponent + eBias >= 1) {
+             number += rt / c;
+           } else {
+             number += rt * pow$2(2, 1 - eBias);
+           }
+           if (number * c >= 2) {
+             exponent++;
+             c /= 2;
+           }
+           if (exponent + eBias >= eMax) {
+             mantissa = 0;
+             exponent = eMax;
+           } else if (exponent + eBias >= 1) {
+             mantissa = (number * c - 1) * pow$2(2, mantissaLength);
+             exponent = exponent + eBias;
+           } else {
+             mantissa = number * pow$2(2, eBias - 1) * pow$2(2, mantissaLength);
+             exponent = 0;
+           }
+         }
+         for (; mantissaLength >= 8; buffer[index++] = mantissa & 255, mantissa /= 256, mantissaLength -= 8);
+         exponent = exponent << mantissaLength | mantissa;
+         exponentLength += mantissaLength;
+         for (; exponentLength > 0; buffer[index++] = exponent & 255, exponent /= 256, exponentLength -= 8);
+         buffer[--index] |= sign * 128;
+         return buffer;
+       };
 
-       var sign$1 = function sign(number) {
-               return number >= 0 ? 1 : -1;
+       var unpack = function (buffer, mantissaLength) {
+         var bytes = buffer.length;
+         var exponentLength = bytes * 8 - mantissaLength - 1;
+         var eMax = (1 << exponentLength) - 1;
+         var eBias = eMax >> 1;
+         var nBits = exponentLength - 7;
+         var index = bytes - 1;
+         var sign = buffer[index--];
+         var exponent = sign & 127;
+         var mantissa;
+         sign >>= 7;
+         for (; nBits > 0; exponent = exponent * 256 + buffer[index], index--, nBits -= 8);
+         mantissa = exponent & (1 << -nBits) - 1;
+         exponent >>= -nBits;
+         nBits += mantissaLength;
+         for (; nBits > 0; mantissa = mantissa * 256 + buffer[index], index--, nBits -= 8);
+         if (exponent === 0) {
+           exponent = 1 - eBias;
+         } else if (exponent === eMax) {
+           return mantissa ? NaN : sign ? -Infinity : Infinity;
+         } else {
+           mantissa = mantissa + pow$2(2, mantissaLength);
+           exponent = exponent - eBias;
+         } return (sign ? -1 : 1) * mantissa * pow$2(2, exponent - mantissaLength);
        };
 
-       var $Math$1 = GetIntrinsic('%Math%');
+       var ieee754$1 = {
+         pack: pack,
+         unpack: unpack
+       };
 
+       // `Array.prototype.fill` method implementation
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-array.prototype.fill
+       var arrayFill = function fill(value /* , start = 0, end = @length */) {
+         var O = toObject(this);
+         var length = toLength(O.length);
+         var argumentsLength = arguments.length;
+         var index = toAbsoluteIndex(argumentsLength > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined, length);
+         var end = argumentsLength > 2 ? arguments[2] : undefined;
+         var endPos = end === undefined ? length : toAbsoluteIndex(end, length);
+         while (endPos > index) O[index++] = value;
+         return O;
+       };
 
+       var getOwnPropertyNames$3 = objectGetOwnPropertyNames.f;
+       var defineProperty$6 = objectDefineProperty.f;
 
 
 
 
-       var $floor = $Math$1.floor;
-       var $abs = $Math$1.abs;
+       var getInternalState$2 = internalState.get;
+       var setInternalState$4 = internalState.set;
+       var ARRAY_BUFFER$1 = 'ArrayBuffer';
+       var DATA_VIEW = 'DataView';
+       var PROTOTYPE = 'prototype';
+       var WRONG_LENGTH = 'Wrong length';
+       var WRONG_INDEX = 'Wrong index';
+       var NativeArrayBuffer$1 = global$2[ARRAY_BUFFER$1];
+       var $ArrayBuffer = NativeArrayBuffer$1;
+       var $DataView = global$2[DATA_VIEW];
+       var $DataViewPrototype = $DataView && $DataView[PROTOTYPE];
+       var ObjectPrototype$1 = Object.prototype;
+       var RangeError$1 = global$2.RangeError;
 
-       // http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/5.1/#sec-9.4
+       var packIEEE754 = ieee754$1.pack;
+       var unpackIEEE754 = ieee754$1.unpack;
 
-       var ToInteger = function ToInteger(value) {
-               var number = ToNumber(value);
-               if (_isNaN(number)) { return 0; }
-               if (number === 0 || !_isFinite(number)) { return number; }
-               return sign$1(number) * $floor($abs(number));
+       var packInt8 = function (number) {
+         return [number & 0xFF];
        };
 
-       var $apply = GetIntrinsic('%Function.prototype.apply%');
-       var $call = GetIntrinsic('%Function.prototype.call%');
-       var $reflectApply = GetIntrinsic('%Reflect.apply%', true) || functionBind.call($call, $apply);
-
-       var callBind = function callBind() {
-               return $reflectApply(functionBind, $call, arguments);
+       var packInt16 = function (number) {
+         return [number & 0xFF, number >> 8 & 0xFF];
        };
 
-       var apply = function applyBind() {
-               return $reflectApply(functionBind, $apply, arguments);
+       var packInt32 = function (number) {
+         return [number & 0xFF, number >> 8 & 0xFF, number >> 16 & 0xFF, number >> 24 & 0xFF];
        };
-       callBind.apply = apply;
 
-       var $indexOf = callBind(GetIntrinsic('String.prototype.indexOf'));
-
-       var callBound = function callBoundIntrinsic(name, allowMissing) {
-               var intrinsic = GetIntrinsic(name, !!allowMissing);
-               if (typeof intrinsic === 'function' && $indexOf(name, '.prototype.')) {
-                       return callBind(intrinsic);
-               }
-               return intrinsic;
+       var unpackInt32 = function (buffer) {
+         return buffer[3] << 24 | buffer[2] << 16 | buffer[1] << 8 | buffer[0];
        };
 
-       var $test = GetIntrinsic('RegExp.prototype.test');
-
+       var packFloat32 = function (number) {
+         return packIEEE754(number, 23, 4);
+       };
 
+       var packFloat64 = function (number) {
+         return packIEEE754(number, 52, 8);
+       };
 
-       var regexTester = function regexTester(regex) {
-               return callBind($test, regex);
+       var addGetter = function (Constructor, key) {
+         defineProperty$6(Constructor[PROTOTYPE], key, { get: function () { return getInternalState$2(this)[key]; } });
        };
 
-       var isPrimitive = function isPrimitive(value) {
-               return value === null || (typeof value !== 'function' && typeof value !== 'object');
+       var get$4 = function (view, count, index, isLittleEndian) {
+         var intIndex = toIndex(index);
+         var store = getInternalState$2(view);
+         if (intIndex + count > store.byteLength) throw RangeError$1(WRONG_INDEX);
+         var bytes = getInternalState$2(store.buffer).bytes;
+         var start = intIndex + store.byteOffset;
+         var pack = bytes.slice(start, start + count);
+         return isLittleEndian ? pack : pack.reverse();
        };
 
-       var isPrimitive$1 = function isPrimitive(value) {
-               return value === null || (typeof value !== 'function' && typeof value !== 'object');
+       var set$3 = function (view, count, index, conversion, value, isLittleEndian) {
+         var intIndex = toIndex(index);
+         var store = getInternalState$2(view);
+         if (intIndex + count > store.byteLength) throw RangeError$1(WRONG_INDEX);
+         var bytes = getInternalState$2(store.buffer).bytes;
+         var start = intIndex + store.byteOffset;
+         var pack = conversion(+value);
+         for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) bytes[start + i] = pack[isLittleEndian ? i : count - i - 1];
        };
 
-       var fnToStr = Function.prototype.toString;
-       var reflectApply = typeof Reflect === 'object' && Reflect !== null && Reflect.apply;
-       var badArrayLike;
-       var isCallableMarker;
-       if (typeof reflectApply === 'function' && typeof Object.defineProperty === 'function') {
-               try {
-                       badArrayLike = Object.defineProperty({}, 'length', {
-                               get: function () {
-                                       throw isCallableMarker;
-                               }
-                       });
-                       isCallableMarker = {};
-               } catch (_) {
-                       reflectApply = null;
-               }
+       if (!arrayBufferNative) {
+         $ArrayBuffer = function ArrayBuffer(length) {
+           anInstance(this, $ArrayBuffer, ARRAY_BUFFER$1);
+           var byteLength = toIndex(length);
+           setInternalState$4(this, {
+             bytes: arrayFill.call(new Array(byteLength), 0),
+             byteLength: byteLength
+           });
+           if (!descriptors) this.byteLength = byteLength;
+         };
+
+         $DataView = function DataView(buffer, byteOffset, byteLength) {
+           anInstance(this, $DataView, DATA_VIEW);
+           anInstance(buffer, $ArrayBuffer, DATA_VIEW);
+           var bufferLength = getInternalState$2(buffer).byteLength;
+           var offset = toInteger(byteOffset);
+           if (offset < 0 || offset > bufferLength) throw RangeError$1('Wrong offset');
+           byteLength = byteLength === undefined ? bufferLength - offset : toLength(byteLength);
+           if (offset + byteLength > bufferLength) throw RangeError$1(WRONG_LENGTH);
+           setInternalState$4(this, {
+             buffer: buffer,
+             byteLength: byteLength,
+             byteOffset: offset
+           });
+           if (!descriptors) {
+             this.buffer = buffer;
+             this.byteLength = byteLength;
+             this.byteOffset = offset;
+           }
+         };
+
+         if (descriptors) {
+           addGetter($ArrayBuffer, 'byteLength');
+           addGetter($DataView, 'buffer');
+           addGetter($DataView, 'byteLength');
+           addGetter($DataView, 'byteOffset');
+         }
+
+         redefineAll($DataView[PROTOTYPE], {
+           getInt8: function getInt8(byteOffset) {
+             return get$4(this, 1, byteOffset)[0] << 24 >> 24;
+           },
+           getUint8: function getUint8(byteOffset) {
+             return get$4(this, 1, byteOffset)[0];
+           },
+           getInt16: function getInt16(byteOffset /* , littleEndian */) {
+             var bytes = get$4(this, 2, byteOffset, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);
+             return (bytes[1] << 8 | bytes[0]) << 16 >> 16;
+           },
+           getUint16: function getUint16(byteOffset /* , littleEndian */) {
+             var bytes = get$4(this, 2, byteOffset, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);
+             return bytes[1] << 8 | bytes[0];
+           },
+           getInt32: function getInt32(byteOffset /* , littleEndian */) {
+             return unpackInt32(get$4(this, 4, byteOffset, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined));
+           },
+           getUint32: function getUint32(byteOffset /* , littleEndian */) {
+             return unpackInt32(get$4(this, 4, byteOffset, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined)) >>> 0;
+           },
+           getFloat32: function getFloat32(byteOffset /* , littleEndian */) {
+             return unpackIEEE754(get$4(this, 4, byteOffset, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined), 23);
+           },
+           getFloat64: function getFloat64(byteOffset /* , littleEndian */) {
+             return unpackIEEE754(get$4(this, 8, byteOffset, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined), 52);
+           },
+           setInt8: function setInt8(byteOffset, value) {
+             set$3(this, 1, byteOffset, packInt8, value);
+           },
+           setUint8: function setUint8(byteOffset, value) {
+             set$3(this, 1, byteOffset, packInt8, value);
+           },
+           setInt16: function setInt16(byteOffset, value /* , littleEndian */) {
+             set$3(this, 2, byteOffset, packInt16, value, arguments.length > 2 ? arguments[2] : undefined);
+           },
+           setUint16: function setUint16(byteOffset, value /* , littleEndian */) {
+             set$3(this, 2, byteOffset, packInt16, value, arguments.length > 2 ? arguments[2] : undefined);
+           },
+           setInt32: function setInt32(byteOffset, value /* , littleEndian */) {
+             set$3(this, 4, byteOffset, packInt32, value, arguments.length > 2 ? arguments[2] : undefined);
+           },
+           setUint32: function setUint32(byteOffset, value /* , littleEndian */) {
+             set$3(this, 4, byteOffset, packInt32, value, arguments.length > 2 ? arguments[2] : undefined);
+           },
+           setFloat32: function setFloat32(byteOffset, value /* , littleEndian */) {
+             set$3(this, 4, byteOffset, packFloat32, value, arguments.length > 2 ? arguments[2] : undefined);
+           },
+           setFloat64: function setFloat64(byteOffset, value /* , littleEndian */) {
+             set$3(this, 8, byteOffset, packFloat64, value, arguments.length > 2 ? arguments[2] : undefined);
+           }
+         });
        } else {
-               reflectApply = null;
+         /* eslint-disable no-new -- required for testing */
+         if (!fails(function () {
+           NativeArrayBuffer$1(1);
+         }) || !fails(function () {
+           new NativeArrayBuffer$1(-1);
+         }) || fails(function () {
+           new NativeArrayBuffer$1();
+           new NativeArrayBuffer$1(1.5);
+           new NativeArrayBuffer$1(NaN);
+           return NativeArrayBuffer$1.name != ARRAY_BUFFER$1;
+         })) {
+         /* eslint-enable no-new -- required for testing */
+           $ArrayBuffer = function ArrayBuffer(length) {
+             anInstance(this, $ArrayBuffer);
+             return new NativeArrayBuffer$1(toIndex(length));
+           };
+           var ArrayBufferPrototype = $ArrayBuffer[PROTOTYPE] = NativeArrayBuffer$1[PROTOTYPE];
+           for (var keys$2 = getOwnPropertyNames$3(NativeArrayBuffer$1), j$2 = 0, key$1; keys$2.length > j$2;) {
+             if (!((key$1 = keys$2[j$2++]) in $ArrayBuffer)) {
+               createNonEnumerableProperty($ArrayBuffer, key$1, NativeArrayBuffer$1[key$1]);
+             }
+           }
+           ArrayBufferPrototype.constructor = $ArrayBuffer;
+         }
+
+         // WebKit bug - the same parent prototype for typed arrays and data view
+         if (objectSetPrototypeOf && objectGetPrototypeOf($DataViewPrototype) !== ObjectPrototype$1) {
+           objectSetPrototypeOf($DataViewPrototype, ObjectPrototype$1);
+         }
+
+         // iOS Safari 7.x bug
+         var testView = new $DataView(new $ArrayBuffer(2));
+         var $setInt8 = $DataViewPrototype.setInt8;
+         testView.setInt8(0, 2147483648);
+         testView.setInt8(1, 2147483649);
+         if (testView.getInt8(0) || !testView.getInt8(1)) redefineAll($DataViewPrototype, {
+           setInt8: function setInt8(byteOffset, value) {
+             $setInt8.call(this, byteOffset, value << 24 >> 24);
+           },
+           setUint8: function setUint8(byteOffset, value) {
+             $setInt8.call(this, byteOffset, value << 24 >> 24);
+           }
+         }, { unsafe: true });
        }
 
-       var constructorRegex = /^\s*class\b/;
-       var isES6ClassFn = function isES6ClassFunction(value) {
-               try {
-                       var fnStr = fnToStr.call(value);
-                       return constructorRegex.test(fnStr);
-               } catch (e) {
-                       return false; // not a function
-               }
-       };
+       setToStringTag($ArrayBuffer, ARRAY_BUFFER$1);
+       setToStringTag($DataView, DATA_VIEW);
 
-       var tryFunctionObject = function tryFunctionToStr(value) {
-               try {
-                       if (isES6ClassFn(value)) { return false; }
-                       fnToStr.call(value);
-                       return true;
-               } catch (e) {
-                       return false;
-               }
-       };
-       var toStr$4 = Object.prototype.toString;
-       var fnClass = '[object Function]';
-       var genClass = '[object GeneratorFunction]';
-       var hasToStringTag = typeof Symbol === 'function' && typeof Symbol.toStringTag === 'symbol';
-
-       var isCallable = reflectApply
-               ? function isCallable(value) {
-                       if (!value) { return false; }
-                       if (typeof value !== 'function' && typeof value !== 'object') { return false; }
-                       if (typeof value === 'function' && !value.prototype) { return true; }
-                       try {
-                               reflectApply(value, null, badArrayLike);
-                       } catch (e) {
-                               if (e !== isCallableMarker) { return false; }
-                       }
-                       return !isES6ClassFn(value);
-               }
-               : function isCallable(value) {
-                       if (!value) { return false; }
-                       if (typeof value !== 'function' && typeof value !== 'object') { return false; }
-                       if (typeof value === 'function' && !value.prototype) { return true; }
-                       if (hasToStringTag) { return tryFunctionObject(value); }
-                       if (isES6ClassFn(value)) { return false; }
-                       var strClass = toStr$4.call(value);
-                       return strClass === fnClass || strClass === genClass;
-               };
-
-       var getDay = Date.prototype.getDay;
-       var tryDateObject = function tryDateGetDayCall(value) {
-               try {
-                       getDay.call(value);
-                       return true;
-               } catch (e) {
-                       return false;
-               }
+       var arrayBuffer = {
+         ArrayBuffer: $ArrayBuffer,
+         DataView: $DataView
        };
 
-       var toStr$5 = Object.prototype.toString;
-       var dateClass = '[object Date]';
-       var hasToStringTag$1 = typeof Symbol === 'function' && typeof Symbol.toStringTag === 'symbol';
+       var SPECIES$5 = wellKnownSymbol('species');
 
-       var isDateObject = function isDateObject(value) {
-               if (typeof value !== 'object' || value === null) {
-                       return false;
-               }
-               return hasToStringTag$1 ? tryDateObject(value) : toStr$5.call(value) === dateClass;
+       // `SpeciesConstructor` abstract operation
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-speciesconstructor
+       var speciesConstructor = function (O, defaultConstructor) {
+         var C = anObject(O).constructor;
+         var S;
+         return C === undefined || (S = anObject(C)[SPECIES$5]) == undefined ? defaultConstructor : aFunction(S);
        };
 
-       var isSymbol$2 = createCommonjsModule(function (module) {
-
-       var toStr = Object.prototype.toString;
-       var hasSymbols = hasSymbols$1();
-
-       if (hasSymbols) {
-               var symToStr = Symbol.prototype.toString;
-               var symStringRegex = /^Symbol\(.*\)$/;
-               var isSymbolObject = function isRealSymbolObject(value) {
-                       if (typeof value.valueOf() !== 'symbol') {
-                               return false;
-                       }
-                       return symStringRegex.test(symToStr.call(value));
-               };
-
-               module.exports = function isSymbol(value) {
-                       if (typeof value === 'symbol') {
-                               return true;
-                       }
-                       if (toStr.call(value) !== '[object Symbol]') {
-                               return false;
-                       }
-                       try {
-                               return isSymbolObject(value);
-                       } catch (e) {
-                               return false;
-                       }
-               };
-       } else {
+       var ArrayBuffer$3 = arrayBuffer.ArrayBuffer;
+       var DataView$1 = arrayBuffer.DataView;
+       var nativeArrayBufferSlice = ArrayBuffer$3.prototype.slice;
 
-               module.exports = function isSymbol(value) {
-                       // this environment does not support Symbols.
-                       return false ;
-               };
-       }
+       var INCORRECT_SLICE = fails(function () {
+         return !new ArrayBuffer$3(2).slice(1, undefined).byteLength;
+       });
+
+       // `ArrayBuffer.prototype.slice` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-arraybuffer.prototype.slice
+       _export({ target: 'ArrayBuffer', proto: true, unsafe: true, forced: INCORRECT_SLICE }, {
+         slice: function slice(start, end) {
+           if (nativeArrayBufferSlice !== undefined && end === undefined) {
+             return nativeArrayBufferSlice.call(anObject(this), start); // FF fix
+           }
+           var length = anObject(this).byteLength;
+           var first = toAbsoluteIndex(start, length);
+           var fin = toAbsoluteIndex(end === undefined ? length : end, length);
+           var result = new (speciesConstructor(this, ArrayBuffer$3))(toLength(fin - first));
+           var viewSource = new DataView$1(this);
+           var viewTarget = new DataView$1(result);
+           var index = 0;
+           while (first < fin) {
+             viewTarget.setUint8(index++, viewSource.getUint8(first++));
+           } return result;
+         }
+       });
+
+       // `DataView` constructor
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-dataview-constructor
+       _export({ global: true, forced: !arrayBufferNative }, {
+         DataView: arrayBuffer.DataView
        });
 
-       var hasSymbols$3 = typeof Symbol === 'function' && typeof Symbol.iterator === 'symbol';
+       var defineProperty$5 = objectDefineProperty.f;
 
 
 
 
 
+       var Int8Array$3 = global$2.Int8Array;
+       var Int8ArrayPrototype = Int8Array$3 && Int8Array$3.prototype;
+       var Uint8ClampedArray = global$2.Uint8ClampedArray;
+       var Uint8ClampedArrayPrototype = Uint8ClampedArray && Uint8ClampedArray.prototype;
+       var TypedArray = Int8Array$3 && objectGetPrototypeOf(Int8Array$3);
+       var TypedArrayPrototype = Int8ArrayPrototype && objectGetPrototypeOf(Int8ArrayPrototype);
+       var ObjectPrototype = Object.prototype;
+       var isPrototypeOf = ObjectPrototype.isPrototypeOf;
 
-       var ordinaryToPrimitive = function OrdinaryToPrimitive(O, hint) {
-               if (typeof O === 'undefined' || O === null) {
-                       throw new TypeError('Cannot call method on ' + O);
-               }
-               if (typeof hint !== 'string' || (hint !== 'number' && hint !== 'string')) {
-                       throw new TypeError('hint must be "string" or "number"');
-               }
-               var methodNames = hint === 'string' ? ['toString', 'valueOf'] : ['valueOf', 'toString'];
-               var method, result, i;
-               for (i = 0; i < methodNames.length; ++i) {
-                       method = O[methodNames[i]];
-                       if (isCallable(method)) {
-                               result = method.call(O);
-                               if (isPrimitive$1(result)) {
-                                       return result;
-                               }
-                       }
-               }
-               throw new TypeError('No default value');
+       var TO_STRING_TAG = wellKnownSymbol('toStringTag');
+       var TYPED_ARRAY_TAG = uid('TYPED_ARRAY_TAG');
+       // Fixing native typed arrays in Opera Presto crashes the browser, see #595
+       var NATIVE_ARRAY_BUFFER_VIEWS$2 = arrayBufferNative && !!objectSetPrototypeOf && classof(global$2.opera) !== 'Opera';
+       var TYPED_ARRAY_TAG_REQIRED = false;
+       var NAME$1;
+
+       var TypedArrayConstructorsList = {
+         Int8Array: 1,
+         Uint8Array: 1,
+         Uint8ClampedArray: 1,
+         Int16Array: 2,
+         Uint16Array: 2,
+         Int32Array: 4,
+         Uint32Array: 4,
+         Float32Array: 4,
+         Float64Array: 8
+       };
+
+       var BigIntArrayConstructorsList = {
+         BigInt64Array: 8,
+         BigUint64Array: 8
+       };
+
+       var isView = function isView(it) {
+         if (!isObject$4(it)) return false;
+         var klass = classof(it);
+         return klass === 'DataView'
+           || has$1(TypedArrayConstructorsList, klass)
+           || has$1(BigIntArrayConstructorsList, klass);
        };
 
-       var GetMethod = function GetMethod(O, P) {
-               var func = O[P];
-               if (func !== null && typeof func !== 'undefined') {
-                       if (!isCallable(func)) {
-                               throw new TypeError(func + ' returned for property ' + P + ' of object ' + O + ' is not a function');
-                       }
-                       return func;
-               }
-               return void 0;
+       var isTypedArray = function (it) {
+         if (!isObject$4(it)) return false;
+         var klass = classof(it);
+         return has$1(TypedArrayConstructorsList, klass)
+           || has$1(BigIntArrayConstructorsList, klass);
        };
 
-       // http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-toprimitive
-       var es2015 = function ToPrimitive(input) {
-               if (isPrimitive$1(input)) {
-                       return input;
-               }
-               var hint = 'default';
-               if (arguments.length > 1) {
-                       if (arguments[1] === String) {
-                               hint = 'string';
-                       } else if (arguments[1] === Number) {
-                               hint = 'number';
-                       }
-               }
-
-               var exoticToPrim;
-               if (hasSymbols$3) {
-                       if (Symbol.toPrimitive) {
-                               exoticToPrim = GetMethod(input, Symbol.toPrimitive);
-                       } else if (isSymbol$2(input)) {
-                               exoticToPrim = Symbol.prototype.valueOf;
-                       }
-               }
-               if (typeof exoticToPrim !== 'undefined') {
-                       var result = exoticToPrim.call(input, hint);
-                       if (isPrimitive$1(result)) {
-                               return result;
-                       }
-                       throw new TypeError('unable to convert exotic object to primitive');
-               }
-               if (hint === 'default' && (isDateObject(input) || isSymbol$2(input))) {
-                       hint = 'string';
-               }
-               return ordinaryToPrimitive(input, hint === 'default' ? 'number' : hint);
+       var aTypedArray$m = function (it) {
+         if (isTypedArray(it)) return it;
+         throw TypeError('Target is not a typed array');
        };
 
-       // https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-toprimitive
+       var aTypedArrayConstructor$4 = function (C) {
+         if (objectSetPrototypeOf) {
+           if (isPrototypeOf.call(TypedArray, C)) return C;
+         } else for (var ARRAY in TypedArrayConstructorsList) if (has$1(TypedArrayConstructorsList, NAME$1)) {
+           var TypedArrayConstructor = global$2[ARRAY];
+           if (TypedArrayConstructor && (C === TypedArrayConstructor || isPrototypeOf.call(TypedArrayConstructor, C))) {
+             return C;
+           }
+         } throw TypeError('Target is not a typed array constructor');
+       };
 
-       var ToPrimitive = function ToPrimitive(input) {
-               if (arguments.length > 1) {
-                       return es2015(input, arguments[1]);
-               }
-               return es2015(input);
+       var exportTypedArrayMethod$n = function (KEY, property, forced) {
+         if (!descriptors) return;
+         if (forced) for (var ARRAY in TypedArrayConstructorsList) {
+           var TypedArrayConstructor = global$2[ARRAY];
+           if (TypedArrayConstructor && has$1(TypedArrayConstructor.prototype, KEY)) try {
+             delete TypedArrayConstructor.prototype[KEY];
+           } catch (error) { /* empty */ }
+         }
+         if (!TypedArrayPrototype[KEY] || forced) {
+           redefine(TypedArrayPrototype, KEY, forced ? property
+             : NATIVE_ARRAY_BUFFER_VIEWS$2 && Int8ArrayPrototype[KEY] || property);
+         }
        };
 
-       var $TypeError$2 = GetIntrinsic('%TypeError%');
-       var $Number$1 = GetIntrinsic('%Number%');
-       var $RegExp = GetIntrinsic('%RegExp%');
-       var $parseInteger = GetIntrinsic('%parseInt%');
+       var exportTypedArrayStaticMethod$1 = function (KEY, property, forced) {
+         var ARRAY, TypedArrayConstructor;
+         if (!descriptors) return;
+         if (objectSetPrototypeOf) {
+           if (forced) for (ARRAY in TypedArrayConstructorsList) {
+             TypedArrayConstructor = global$2[ARRAY];
+             if (TypedArrayConstructor && has$1(TypedArrayConstructor, KEY)) try {
+               delete TypedArrayConstructor[KEY];
+             } catch (error) { /* empty */ }
+           }
+           if (!TypedArray[KEY] || forced) {
+             // V8 ~ Chrome 49-50 `%TypedArray%` methods are non-writable non-configurable
+             try {
+               return redefine(TypedArray, KEY, forced ? property : NATIVE_ARRAY_BUFFER_VIEWS$2 && TypedArray[KEY] || property);
+             } catch (error) { /* empty */ }
+           } else return;
+         }
+         for (ARRAY in TypedArrayConstructorsList) {
+           TypedArrayConstructor = global$2[ARRAY];
+           if (TypedArrayConstructor && (!TypedArrayConstructor[KEY] || forced)) {
+             redefine(TypedArrayConstructor, KEY, property);
+           }
+         }
+       };
 
+       for (NAME$1 in TypedArrayConstructorsList) {
+         if (!global$2[NAME$1]) NATIVE_ARRAY_BUFFER_VIEWS$2 = false;
+       }
 
+       // WebKit bug - typed arrays constructors prototype is Object.prototype
+       if (!NATIVE_ARRAY_BUFFER_VIEWS$2 || typeof TypedArray != 'function' || TypedArray === Function.prototype) {
+         // eslint-disable-next-line no-shadow -- safe
+         TypedArray = function TypedArray() {
+           throw TypeError('Incorrect invocation');
+         };
+         if (NATIVE_ARRAY_BUFFER_VIEWS$2) for (NAME$1 in TypedArrayConstructorsList) {
+           if (global$2[NAME$1]) objectSetPrototypeOf(global$2[NAME$1], TypedArray);
+         }
+       }
 
+       if (!NATIVE_ARRAY_BUFFER_VIEWS$2 || !TypedArrayPrototype || TypedArrayPrototype === ObjectPrototype) {
+         TypedArrayPrototype = TypedArray.prototype;
+         if (NATIVE_ARRAY_BUFFER_VIEWS$2) for (NAME$1 in TypedArrayConstructorsList) {
+           if (global$2[NAME$1]) objectSetPrototypeOf(global$2[NAME$1].prototype, TypedArrayPrototype);
+         }
+       }
 
+       // WebKit bug - one more object in Uint8ClampedArray prototype chain
+       if (NATIVE_ARRAY_BUFFER_VIEWS$2 && objectGetPrototypeOf(Uint8ClampedArrayPrototype) !== TypedArrayPrototype) {
+         objectSetPrototypeOf(Uint8ClampedArrayPrototype, TypedArrayPrototype);
+       }
 
-       var $strSlice = callBound('String.prototype.slice');
-       var isBinary = regexTester(/^0b[01]+$/i);
-       var isOctal = regexTester(/^0o[0-7]+$/i);
-       var isInvalidHexLiteral = regexTester(/^[-+]0x[0-9a-f]+$/i);
-       var nonWS = ['\u0085', '\u200b', '\ufffe'].join('');
-       var nonWSregex = new $RegExp('[' + nonWS + ']', 'g');
-       var hasNonWS = regexTester(nonWSregex);
+       if (descriptors && !has$1(TypedArrayPrototype, TO_STRING_TAG)) {
+         TYPED_ARRAY_TAG_REQIRED = true;
+         defineProperty$5(TypedArrayPrototype, TO_STRING_TAG, { get: function () {
+           return isObject$4(this) ? this[TYPED_ARRAY_TAG] : undefined;
+         } });
+         for (NAME$1 in TypedArrayConstructorsList) if (global$2[NAME$1]) {
+           createNonEnumerableProperty(global$2[NAME$1], TYPED_ARRAY_TAG, NAME$1);
+         }
+       }
 
-       // whitespace from: https://es5.github.io/#x15.5.4.20
-       // implementation from https://github.com/es-shims/es5-shim/blob/v3.4.0/es5-shim.js#L1304-L1324
-       var ws = [
-               '\x09\x0A\x0B\x0C\x0D\x20\xA0\u1680\u180E\u2000\u2001\u2002\u2003',
-               '\u2004\u2005\u2006\u2007\u2008\u2009\u200A\u202F\u205F\u3000\u2028',
-               '\u2029\uFEFF'
-       ].join('');
-       var trimRegex = new RegExp('(^[' + ws + ']+)|([' + ws + ']+$)', 'g');
-       var $replace$1 = callBound('String.prototype.replace');
-       var $trim = function (value) {
-               return $replace$1(value, trimRegex, '');
+       var arrayBufferViewCore = {
+         NATIVE_ARRAY_BUFFER_VIEWS: NATIVE_ARRAY_BUFFER_VIEWS$2,
+         TYPED_ARRAY_TAG: TYPED_ARRAY_TAG_REQIRED && TYPED_ARRAY_TAG,
+         aTypedArray: aTypedArray$m,
+         aTypedArrayConstructor: aTypedArrayConstructor$4,
+         exportTypedArrayMethod: exportTypedArrayMethod$n,
+         exportTypedArrayStaticMethod: exportTypedArrayStaticMethod$1,
+         isView: isView,
+         isTypedArray: isTypedArray,
+         TypedArray: TypedArray,
+         TypedArrayPrototype: TypedArrayPrototype
        };
 
+       var NATIVE_ARRAY_BUFFER_VIEWS$1 = arrayBufferViewCore.NATIVE_ARRAY_BUFFER_VIEWS;
 
+       // `ArrayBuffer.isView` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-arraybuffer.isview
+       _export({ target: 'ArrayBuffer', stat: true, forced: !NATIVE_ARRAY_BUFFER_VIEWS$1 }, {
+         isView: arrayBufferViewCore.isView
+       });
 
-       // https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-tonumber
-
-       var ToNumber$1 = function ToNumber(argument) {
-               var value = isPrimitive(argument) ? argument : ToPrimitive(argument, $Number$1);
-               if (typeof value === 'symbol') {
-                       throw new $TypeError$2('Cannot convert a Symbol value to a number');
-               }
-               if (typeof value === 'string') {
-                       if (isBinary(value)) {
-                               return ToNumber($parseInteger($strSlice(value, 2), 2));
-                       } else if (isOctal(value)) {
-                               return ToNumber($parseInteger($strSlice(value, 2), 8));
-                       } else if (hasNonWS(value) || isInvalidHexLiteral(value)) {
-                               return NaN;
-                       } else {
-                               var trimmed = $trim(value);
-                               if (trimmed !== value) {
-                                       return ToNumber(trimmed);
-                               }
-                       }
-               }
-               return $Number$1(value);
-       };
+       var SPECIES$4 = wellKnownSymbol('species');
 
-       // https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-tointeger
+       var setSpecies = function (CONSTRUCTOR_NAME) {
+         var Constructor = getBuiltIn(CONSTRUCTOR_NAME);
+         var defineProperty = objectDefineProperty.f;
 
-       var ToInteger$1 = function ToInteger$1(value) {
-               var number = ToNumber$1(value);
-               return ToInteger(number);
+         if (descriptors && Constructor && !Constructor[SPECIES$4]) {
+           defineProperty(Constructor, SPECIES$4, {
+             configurable: true,
+             get: function () { return this; }
+           });
+         }
        };
 
-       var ToLength = function ToLength(argument) {
-               var len = ToInteger$1(argument);
-               if (len <= 0) { return 0; } // includes converting -0 to +0
-               if (len > maxSafeInteger) { return maxSafeInteger; }
-               return len;
-       };
+       var ARRAY_BUFFER = 'ArrayBuffer';
+       var ArrayBuffer$2 = arrayBuffer[ARRAY_BUFFER];
+       var NativeArrayBuffer = global$2[ARRAY_BUFFER];
 
-       // http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/5.1/#sec-9.11
-
-       var IsCallable = isCallable;
-
-       var implementation$3 = function find(predicate) {
-               var list = ToObject(this);
-               var length = ToLength(list.length);
-               if (!IsCallable(predicate)) {
-                       throw new TypeError('Array#find: predicate must be a function');
-               }
-               if (length === 0) {
-                       return void 0;
-               }
-               var thisArg;
-               if (arguments.length > 0) {
-                       thisArg = arguments[1];
-               }
-
-               for (var i = 0, value; i < length; i++) {
-                       value = list[i];
-                       // inlined for performance: if (Call(predicate, thisArg, [value, i, list])) {
-                       if (predicate.apply(thisArg, [value, i, list])) {
-                               return value;
-                       }
-               }
-               return void 0;
-       };
+       // `ArrayBuffer` constructor
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-arraybuffer-constructor
+       _export({ global: true, forced: NativeArrayBuffer !== ArrayBuffer$2 }, {
+         ArrayBuffer: ArrayBuffer$2
+       });
 
-       var polyfill$4 = function getPolyfill() {
-               // Detect if an implementation exists
-               // Detect early implementations which skipped holes in sparse arrays
-               // eslint-disable-next-line no-sparse-arrays
-               var implemented = Array.prototype.find && [, 1].find(function () {
-                       return true;
-               }) !== 1;
+       setSpecies(ARRAY_BUFFER);
 
-               // eslint-disable-next-line global-require
-               return implemented ? Array.prototype.find : implementation$3;
+       var arrayMethodIsStrict = function (METHOD_NAME, argument) {
+         var method = [][METHOD_NAME];
+         return !!method && fails(function () {
+           // eslint-disable-next-line no-useless-call,no-throw-literal -- required for testing
+           method.call(null, argument || function () { throw 1; }, 1);
+         });
        };
 
-       var shim$8 = function shimArrayPrototypeFind() {
-               var polyfill = polyfill$4();
-
-               defineProperties_1(Array.prototype, { find: polyfill }, {
-                       find: function () {
-                               return Array.prototype.find !== polyfill;
-                       }
-               });
+       /* eslint-disable es/no-array-prototype-indexof -- required for testing */
 
-               return polyfill;
-       };
+       var $indexOf$1 = arrayIncludes.indexOf;
 
-       var slice$2 = Array.prototype.slice;
 
-       var polyfill$5 = polyfill$4();
+       var nativeIndexOf = [].indexOf;
 
-       var boundFindShim = function find(array, predicate) { // eslint-disable-line no-unused-vars
-               RequireObjectCoercible(array);
-               var args = slice$2.call(arguments, 1);
-               return polyfill$5.apply(array, args);
-       };
+       var NEGATIVE_ZERO$1 = !!nativeIndexOf && 1 / [1].indexOf(1, -0) < 0;
+       var STRICT_METHOD$7 = arrayMethodIsStrict('indexOf');
 
-       defineProperties_1(boundFindShim, {
-               getPolyfill: polyfill$4,
-               implementation: implementation$3,
-               shim: shim$8
+       // `Array.prototype.indexOf` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-array.prototype.indexof
+       _export({ target: 'Array', proto: true, forced: NEGATIVE_ZERO$1 || !STRICT_METHOD$7 }, {
+         indexOf: function indexOf(searchElement /* , fromIndex = 0 */) {
+           return NEGATIVE_ZERO$1
+             // convert -0 to +0
+             ? nativeIndexOf.apply(this, arguments) || 0
+             : $indexOf$1(this, searchElement, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);
+         }
        });
 
-       var array_prototype_find = boundFindShim;
-
-       var implementation$4 = function findIndex(predicate) {
-               var list = ToObject(this);
-               var length = ToLength(list.length);
-               if (!IsCallable(predicate)) {
-                       throw new TypeError('Array#findIndex: predicate must be a function');
-               }
-
-               if (length === 0) {
-                       return -1;
-               }
-
-               var thisArg;
-               if (arguments.length > 0) {
-                       thisArg = arguments[1];
-               }
-
-               for (var i = 0, value; i < length; i++) {
-                       value = list[i];
-                       // inlined for performance: if (Call(predicate, thisArg, [value, i, list])) return i;
-                       if (predicate.apply(thisArg, [value, i, list])) {
-                               return i;
-                       }
-               }
-
-               return -1;
+       var SPECIES$3 = wellKnownSymbol('species');
+
+       var arrayMethodHasSpeciesSupport = function (METHOD_NAME) {
+         // We can't use this feature detection in V8 since it causes
+         // deoptimization and serious performance degradation
+         // https://github.com/zloirock/core-js/issues/677
+         return engineV8Version >= 51 || !fails(function () {
+           var array = [];
+           var constructor = array.constructor = {};
+           constructor[SPECIES$3] = function () {
+             return { foo: 1 };
+           };
+           return array[METHOD_NAME](Boolean).foo !== 1;
+         });
        };
 
-       var polyfill$6 = function getPolyfill() {
-               // Detect if an implementation exists
-               // Detect early implementations which skipped holes in sparse arrays
-               // eslint-disable-next-line no-sparse-arrays
-               var implemented = Array.prototype.findIndex && ([, 1].findIndex(function (item, idx) {
-                       return idx === 0;
-               }) === 0);
+       var $map$1 = arrayIteration.map;
 
-               return implemented ? Array.prototype.findIndex : implementation$4;
-       };
 
-       var shim$9 = function shimFindIndex() {
-               var polyfill = polyfill$6();
+       var HAS_SPECIES_SUPPORT$3 = arrayMethodHasSpeciesSupport('map');
 
-               defineProperties_1(Array.prototype, { findIndex: polyfill }, {
-                       findIndex: function () {
-                               return Array.prototype.findIndex !== polyfill;
-                       }
-               });
+       // `Array.prototype.map` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-array.prototype.map
+       // with adding support of @@species
+       _export({ target: 'Array', proto: true, forced: !HAS_SPECIES_SUPPORT$3 }, {
+         map: function map(callbackfn /* , thisArg */) {
+           return $map$1(this, callbackfn, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);
+         }
+       });
 
-               return polyfill;
-       };
+       var $forEach$1 = arrayIteration.forEach;
 
-       var slice$3 = Array.prototype.slice;
 
-       var polyfill$7 = polyfill$6();
+       var STRICT_METHOD$6 = arrayMethodIsStrict('forEach');
 
-       var boundShim = function findIndex(array, predicate) { // eslint-disable-line no-unused-vars
-               RequireObjectCoercible(array);
-               var args = slice$3.call(arguments, 1);
-               return polyfill$7.apply(array, args);
-       };
+       // `Array.prototype.forEach` method implementation
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-array.prototype.foreach
+       var arrayForEach = !STRICT_METHOD$6 ? function forEach(callbackfn /* , thisArg */) {
+         return $forEach$1(this, callbackfn, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);
+       // eslint-disable-next-line es/no-array-prototype-foreach -- safe
+       } : [].forEach;
 
-       defineProperties_1(boundShim, {
-               getPolyfill: polyfill$6,
-               implementation: implementation$4,
-               shim: shim$9
+       // `Array.prototype.forEach` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-array.prototype.foreach
+       // eslint-disable-next-line es/no-array-prototype-foreach -- safe
+       _export({ target: 'Array', proto: true, forced: [].forEach != arrayForEach }, {
+         forEach: arrayForEach
        });
 
-       var array_prototype_findindex = boundShim;
+       for (var COLLECTION_NAME in domIterables) {
+         var Collection = global$2[COLLECTION_NAME];
+         var CollectionPrototype = Collection && Collection.prototype;
+         // some Chrome versions have non-configurable methods on DOMTokenList
+         if (CollectionPrototype && CollectionPrototype.forEach !== arrayForEach) try {
+           createNonEnumerableProperty(CollectionPrototype, 'forEach', arrayForEach);
+         } catch (error) {
+           CollectionPrototype.forEach = arrayForEach;
+         }
+       }
 
-       var $apply$1 = GetIntrinsic('%Reflect.apply%', true) || callBound('%Function.prototype.apply%');
+       // `Array.isArray` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-array.isarray
+       _export({ target: 'Array', stat: true }, {
+         isArray: isArray
+       });
 
-       // https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-call
+       var getOwnPropertyNames$2 = objectGetOwnPropertyNamesExternal.f;
 
-       var Call = function Call(F, V) {
-               var args = arguments.length > 2 ? arguments[2] : [];
-               return $apply$1(F, V, args);
-       };
+       // eslint-disable-next-line es/no-object-getownpropertynames -- required for testing
+       var FAILS_ON_PRIMITIVES$4 = fails(function () { return !Object.getOwnPropertyNames(1); });
 
-       var $defineProperty = GetIntrinsic('%Object.defineProperty%', true);
-
-       if ($defineProperty) {
-               try {
-                       $defineProperty({}, 'a', { value: 1 });
-               } catch (e) {
-                       // IE 8 has a broken defineProperty
-                       $defineProperty = null;
-               }
-       }
-
-
-
-       var $isEnumerable = callBound('Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable');
-
-       // eslint-disable-next-line max-params
-       var DefineOwnProperty = function DefineOwnProperty(IsDataDescriptor, SameValue, FromPropertyDescriptor, O, P, desc) {
-               if (!$defineProperty) {
-                       if (!IsDataDescriptor(desc)) {
-                               // ES3 does not support getters/setters
-                               return false;
-                       }
-                       if (!desc['[[Configurable]]'] || !desc['[[Writable]]']) {
-                               return false;
-                       }
-
-                       // fallback for ES3
-                       if (P in O && $isEnumerable(O, P) !== !!desc['[[Enumerable]]']) {
-                               // a non-enumerable existing property
-                               return false;
-                       }
-
-                       // property does not exist at all, or exists but is enumerable
-                       var V = desc['[[Value]]'];
-                       // eslint-disable-next-line no-param-reassign
-                       O[P] = V; // will use [[Define]]
-                       return SameValue(O[P], V);
-               }
-               $defineProperty(O, P, FromPropertyDescriptor(desc));
-               return true;
-       };
+       // `Object.getOwnPropertyNames` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-object.getownpropertynames
+       _export({ target: 'Object', stat: true, forced: FAILS_ON_PRIMITIVES$4 }, {
+         getOwnPropertyNames: getOwnPropertyNames$2
+       });
 
-       var src = functionBind.call(Function.call, Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty);
-
-       var $TypeError$3 = GetIntrinsic('%TypeError%');
-       var $SyntaxError = GetIntrinsic('%SyntaxError%');
-
-
-
-       var predicates = {
-               // https://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-property-descriptor-specification-type
-               'Property Descriptor': function isPropertyDescriptor(Type, Desc) {
-                       if (Type(Desc) !== 'Object') {
-                               return false;
-                       }
-                       var allowed = {
-                               '[[Configurable]]': true,
-                               '[[Enumerable]]': true,
-                               '[[Get]]': true,
-                               '[[Set]]': true,
-                               '[[Value]]': true,
-                               '[[Writable]]': true
-                       };
-
-                       for (var key in Desc) { // eslint-disable-line
-                               if (src(Desc, key) && !allowed[key]) {
-                                       return false;
-                               }
-                       }
-
-                       var isData = src(Desc, '[[Value]]');
-                       var IsAccessor = src(Desc, '[[Get]]') || src(Desc, '[[Set]]');
-                       if (isData && IsAccessor) {
-                               throw new $TypeError$3('Property Descriptors may not be both accessor and data descriptors');
-                       }
-                       return true;
-               }
-       };
+       var nativePromiseConstructor = global$2.Promise;
 
-       var assertRecord = function assertRecord(Type, recordType, argumentName, value) {
-               var predicate = predicates[recordType];
-               if (typeof predicate !== 'function') {
-                       throw new $SyntaxError('unknown record type: ' + recordType);
-               }
-               if (!predicate(Type, value)) {
-                       throw new $TypeError$3(argumentName + ' must be a ' + recordType);
-               }
-       };
+       var ITERATOR$5 = wellKnownSymbol('iterator');
+       var ArrayPrototype = Array.prototype;
 
-       // https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/5.1/#sec-8
-
-       var Type = function Type(x) {
-               if (x === null) {
-                       return 'Null';
-               }
-               if (typeof x === 'undefined') {
-                       return 'Undefined';
-               }
-               if (typeof x === 'function' || typeof x === 'object') {
-                       return 'Object';
-               }
-               if (typeof x === 'number') {
-                       return 'Number';
-               }
-               if (typeof x === 'boolean') {
-                       return 'Boolean';
-               }
-               if (typeof x === 'string') {
-                       return 'String';
-               }
+       // check on default Array iterator
+       var isArrayIteratorMethod = function (it) {
+         return it !== undefined && (iterators.Array === it || ArrayPrototype[ITERATOR$5] === it);
        };
 
-       // https://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values
+       var ITERATOR$4 = wellKnownSymbol('iterator');
 
-       var Type$1 = function Type$1(x) {
-               if (typeof x === 'symbol') {
-                       return 'Symbol';
-               }
-               return Type(x);
+       var getIteratorMethod = function (it) {
+         if (it != undefined) return it[ITERATOR$4]
+           || it['@@iterator']
+           || iterators[classof(it)];
        };
 
-       // https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-frompropertydescriptor
-
-       var FromPropertyDescriptor = function FromPropertyDescriptor(Desc) {
-               if (typeof Desc === 'undefined') {
-                       return Desc;
-               }
-
-               assertRecord(Type$1, 'Property Descriptor', 'Desc', Desc);
-
-               var obj = {};
-               if ('[[Value]]' in Desc) {
-                       obj.value = Desc['[[Value]]'];
-               }
-               if ('[[Writable]]' in Desc) {
-                       obj.writable = Desc['[[Writable]]'];
-               }
-               if ('[[Get]]' in Desc) {
-                       obj.get = Desc['[[Get]]'];
-               }
-               if ('[[Set]]' in Desc) {
-                       obj.set = Desc['[[Set]]'];
-               }
-               if ('[[Enumerable]]' in Desc) {
-                       obj.enumerable = Desc['[[Enumerable]]'];
-               }
-               if ('[[Configurable]]' in Desc) {
-                       obj.configurable = Desc['[[Configurable]]'];
-               }
-               return obj;
+       var iteratorClose = function (iterator) {
+         var returnMethod = iterator['return'];
+         if (returnMethod !== undefined) {
+           return anObject(returnMethod.call(iterator)).value;
+         }
        };
 
-       var $gOPD$1 = GetIntrinsic('%Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor%');
-       if ($gOPD$1) {
-               try {
-                       $gOPD$1([], 'length');
-               } catch (e) {
-                       // IE 8 has a broken gOPD
-                       $gOPD$1 = null;
-               }
-       }
-
-       var getOwnPropertyDescriptor = $gOPD$1;
-
-       var $Array = GetIntrinsic('%Array%');
+       var Result = function (stopped, result) {
+         this.stopped = stopped;
+         this.result = result;
+       };
 
-       // eslint-disable-next-line global-require
-       var toStr$6 = !$Array.isArray && callBound('Object.prototype.toString');
+       var iterate = function (iterable, unboundFunction, options) {
+         var that = options && options.that;
+         var AS_ENTRIES = !!(options && options.AS_ENTRIES);
+         var IS_ITERATOR = !!(options && options.IS_ITERATOR);
+         var INTERRUPTED = !!(options && options.INTERRUPTED);
+         var fn = functionBindContext(unboundFunction, that, 1 + AS_ENTRIES + INTERRUPTED);
+         var iterator, iterFn, index, length, result, next, step;
 
-       // https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-isarray
+         var stop = function (condition) {
+           if (iterator) iteratorClose(iterator);
+           return new Result(true, condition);
+         };
 
-       var IsArray = $Array.isArray || function IsArray(argument) {
-               return toStr$6(argument) === '[object Array]';
-       };
+         var callFn = function (value) {
+           if (AS_ENTRIES) {
+             anObject(value);
+             return INTERRUPTED ? fn(value[0], value[1], stop) : fn(value[0], value[1]);
+           } return INTERRUPTED ? fn(value, stop) : fn(value);
+         };
 
-       // https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-ispropertykey
+         if (IS_ITERATOR) {
+           iterator = iterable;
+         } else {
+           iterFn = getIteratorMethod(iterable);
+           if (typeof iterFn != 'function') throw TypeError('Target is not iterable');
+           // optimisation for array iterators
+           if (isArrayIteratorMethod(iterFn)) {
+             for (index = 0, length = toLength(iterable.length); length > index; index++) {
+               result = callFn(iterable[index]);
+               if (result && result instanceof Result) return result;
+             } return new Result(false);
+           }
+           iterator = iterFn.call(iterable);
+         }
 
-       var IsPropertyKey = function IsPropertyKey(argument) {
-               return typeof argument === 'string' || typeof argument === 'symbol';
+         next = iterator.next;
+         while (!(step = next.call(iterator)).done) {
+           try {
+             result = callFn(step.value);
+           } catch (error) {
+             iteratorClose(iterator);
+             throw error;
+           }
+           if (typeof result == 'object' && result && result instanceof Result) return result;
+         } return new Result(false);
        };
 
-       var hasSymbols$4 = hasSymbols$1();
-       var hasToStringTag$2 = hasSymbols$4 && typeof Symbol.toStringTag === 'symbol';
-       var regexExec;
-       var isRegexMarker;
-       var badStringifier;
-
-       if (hasToStringTag$2) {
-               regexExec = Function.call.bind(RegExp.prototype.exec);
-               isRegexMarker = {};
+       var ITERATOR$3 = wellKnownSymbol('iterator');
+       var SAFE_CLOSING = false;
 
-               var throwRegexMarker = function () {
-                       throw isRegexMarker;
-               };
-               badStringifier = {
-                       toString: throwRegexMarker,
-                       valueOf: throwRegexMarker
-               };
+       try {
+         var called = 0;
+         var iteratorWithReturn = {
+           next: function () {
+             return { done: !!called++ };
+           },
+           'return': function () {
+             SAFE_CLOSING = true;
+           }
+         };
+         iteratorWithReturn[ITERATOR$3] = function () {
+           return this;
+         };
+         // eslint-disable-next-line es/no-array-from, no-throw-literal -- required for testing
+         Array.from(iteratorWithReturn, function () { throw 2; });
+       } catch (error) { /* empty */ }
 
-               if (typeof Symbol.toPrimitive === 'symbol') {
-                       badStringifier[Symbol.toPrimitive] = throwRegexMarker;
-               }
+       var checkCorrectnessOfIteration = function (exec, SKIP_CLOSING) {
+         if (!SKIP_CLOSING && !SAFE_CLOSING) return false;
+         var ITERATION_SUPPORT = false;
+         try {
+           var object = {};
+           object[ITERATOR$3] = function () {
+             return {
+               next: function () {
+                 return { done: ITERATION_SUPPORT = true };
+               }
+             };
+           };
+           exec(object);
+         } catch (error) { /* empty */ }
+         return ITERATION_SUPPORT;
+       };
+
+       var engineIsIos = /(?:iphone|ipod|ipad).*applewebkit/i.test(engineUserAgent);
+
+       var engineIsNode = classofRaw(global$2.process) == 'process';
+
+       var location$1 = global$2.location;
+       var set$2 = global$2.setImmediate;
+       var clear = global$2.clearImmediate;
+       var process$3 = global$2.process;
+       var MessageChannel = global$2.MessageChannel;
+       var Dispatch$1 = global$2.Dispatch;
+       var counter = 0;
+       var queue = {};
+       var ONREADYSTATECHANGE = 'onreadystatechange';
+       var defer, channel, port;
+
+       var run = function (id) {
+         // eslint-disable-next-line no-prototype-builtins -- safe
+         if (queue.hasOwnProperty(id)) {
+           var fn = queue[id];
+           delete queue[id];
+           fn();
+         }
+       };
+
+       var runner = function (id) {
+         return function () {
+           run(id);
+         };
+       };
+
+       var listener = function (event) {
+         run(event.data);
+       };
+
+       var post = function (id) {
+         // old engines have not location.origin
+         global$2.postMessage(id + '', location$1.protocol + '//' + location$1.host);
+       };
+
+       // Node.js 0.9+ & IE10+ has setImmediate, otherwise:
+       if (!set$2 || !clear) {
+         set$2 = function setImmediate(fn) {
+           var args = [];
+           var i = 1;
+           while (arguments.length > i) args.push(arguments[i++]);
+           queue[++counter] = function () {
+             // eslint-disable-next-line no-new-func -- spec requirement
+             (typeof fn == 'function' ? fn : Function(fn)).apply(undefined, args);
+           };
+           defer(counter);
+           return counter;
+         };
+         clear = function clearImmediate(id) {
+           delete queue[id];
+         };
+         // Node.js 0.8-
+         if (engineIsNode) {
+           defer = function (id) {
+             process$3.nextTick(runner(id));
+           };
+         // Sphere (JS game engine) Dispatch API
+         } else if (Dispatch$1 && Dispatch$1.now) {
+           defer = function (id) {
+             Dispatch$1.now(runner(id));
+           };
+         // Browsers with MessageChannel, includes WebWorkers
+         // except iOS - https://github.com/zloirock/core-js/issues/624
+         } else if (MessageChannel && !engineIsIos) {
+           channel = new MessageChannel();
+           port = channel.port2;
+           channel.port1.onmessage = listener;
+           defer = functionBindContext(port.postMessage, port, 1);
+         // Browsers with postMessage, skip WebWorkers
+         // IE8 has postMessage, but it's sync & typeof its postMessage is 'object'
+         } else if (
+           global$2.addEventListener &&
+           typeof postMessage == 'function' &&
+           !global$2.importScripts &&
+           location$1 && location$1.protocol !== 'file:' &&
+           !fails(post)
+         ) {
+           defer = post;
+           global$2.addEventListener('message', listener, false);
+         // IE8-
+         } else if (ONREADYSTATECHANGE in documentCreateElement('script')) {
+           defer = function (id) {
+             html.appendChild(documentCreateElement('script'))[ONREADYSTATECHANGE] = function () {
+               html.removeChild(this);
+               run(id);
+             };
+           };
+         // Rest old browsers
+         } else {
+           defer = function (id) {
+             setTimeout(runner(id), 0);
+           };
+         }
        }
 
-       var toStr$7 = Object.prototype.toString;
-       var regexClass = '[object RegExp]';
+       var task$1 = {
+         set: set$2,
+         clear: clear
+       };
 
-       var isRegex = hasToStringTag$2
-               // eslint-disable-next-line consistent-return
-               ? function isRegex(value) {
-                       if (!value || typeof value !== 'object') {
-                               return false;
-                       }
+       var engineIsWebosWebkit = /web0s(?!.*chrome)/i.test(engineUserAgent);
 
-                       try {
-                               regexExec(value, badStringifier);
-                       } catch (e) {
-                               return e === isRegexMarker;
-                       }
-               }
-               : function isRegex(value) {
-                       // In older browsers, typeof regex incorrectly returns 'function'
-                       if (!value || (typeof value !== 'object' && typeof value !== 'function')) {
-                               return false;
-                       }
+       var getOwnPropertyDescriptor$3 = objectGetOwnPropertyDescriptor.f;
+       var macrotask = task$1.set;
 
-                       return toStr$7.call(value) === regexClass;
-               };
 
-       // http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/5.1/#sec-9.2
 
-       var ToBoolean = function ToBoolean(value) { return !!value; };
 
-       var $match = GetIntrinsic('%Symbol.match%', true);
+       var MutationObserver = global$2.MutationObserver || global$2.WebKitMutationObserver;
+       var document$2 = global$2.document;
+       var process$2 = global$2.process;
+       var Promise$1 = global$2.Promise;
+       // Node.js 11 shows ExperimentalWarning on getting `queueMicrotask`
+       var queueMicrotaskDescriptor = getOwnPropertyDescriptor$3(global$2, 'queueMicrotask');
+       var queueMicrotask = queueMicrotaskDescriptor && queueMicrotaskDescriptor.value;
 
+       var flush, head, last, notify$1, toggle, node, promise, then;
 
+       // modern engines have queueMicrotask method
+       if (!queueMicrotask) {
+         flush = function () {
+           var parent, fn;
+           if (engineIsNode && (parent = process$2.domain)) parent.exit();
+           while (head) {
+             fn = head.fn;
+             head = head.next;
+             try {
+               fn();
+             } catch (error) {
+               if (head) notify$1();
+               else last = undefined;
+               throw error;
+             }
+           } last = undefined;
+           if (parent) parent.enter();
+         };
+
+         // browsers with MutationObserver, except iOS - https://github.com/zloirock/core-js/issues/339
+         // also except WebOS Webkit https://github.com/zloirock/core-js/issues/898
+         if (!engineIsIos && !engineIsNode && !engineIsWebosWebkit && MutationObserver && document$2) {
+           toggle = true;
+           node = document$2.createTextNode('');
+           new MutationObserver(flush).observe(node, { characterData: true });
+           notify$1 = function () {
+             node.data = toggle = !toggle;
+           };
+         // environments with maybe non-completely correct, but existent Promise
+         } else if (Promise$1 && Promise$1.resolve) {
+           // Promise.resolve without an argument throws an error in LG WebOS 2
+           promise = Promise$1.resolve(undefined);
+           // workaround of WebKit ~ iOS Safari 10.1 bug
+           promise.constructor = Promise$1;
+           then = promise.then;
+           notify$1 = function () {
+             then.call(promise, flush);
+           };
+         // Node.js without promises
+         } else if (engineIsNode) {
+           notify$1 = function () {
+             process$2.nextTick(flush);
+           };
+         // for other environments - macrotask based on:
+         // - setImmediate
+         // - MessageChannel
+         // - window.postMessag
+         // - onreadystatechange
+         // - setTimeout
+         } else {
+           notify$1 = function () {
+             // strange IE + webpack dev server bug - use .call(global)
+             macrotask.call(global$2, flush);
+           };
+         }
+       }
 
+       var microtask = queueMicrotask || function (fn) {
+         var task = { fn: fn, next: undefined };
+         if (last) last.next = task;
+         if (!head) {
+           head = task;
+           notify$1();
+         } last = task;
+       };
 
+       var PromiseCapability = function (C) {
+         var resolve, reject;
+         this.promise = new C(function ($$resolve, $$reject) {
+           if (resolve !== undefined || reject !== undefined) throw TypeError('Bad Promise constructor');
+           resolve = $$resolve;
+           reject = $$reject;
+         });
+         this.resolve = aFunction(resolve);
+         this.reject = aFunction(reject);
+       };
 
-       // https://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-isregexp
+       // `NewPromiseCapability` abstract operation
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-newpromisecapability
+       var f = function (C) {
+         return new PromiseCapability(C);
+       };
 
-       var IsRegExp = function IsRegExp(argument) {
-               if (!argument || typeof argument !== 'object') {
-                       return false;
-               }
-               if ($match) {
-                       var isRegExp = argument[$match];
-                       if (typeof isRegExp !== 'undefined') {
-                               return ToBoolean(isRegExp);
-                       }
-               }
-               return isRegex(argument);
+       var newPromiseCapability$1 = {
+               f: f
        };
 
-       var $TypeError$4 = GetIntrinsic('%TypeError%');
-
-
-
-
-
-       // https://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/5.1/#sec-8.10.5
-
-       var ToPropertyDescriptor = function ToPropertyDescriptor(Obj) {
-               if (Type$1(Obj) !== 'Object') {
-                       throw new $TypeError$4('ToPropertyDescriptor requires an object');
-               }
-
-               var desc = {};
-               if (src(Obj, 'enumerable')) {
-                       desc['[[Enumerable]]'] = ToBoolean(Obj.enumerable);
-               }
-               if (src(Obj, 'configurable')) {
-                       desc['[[Configurable]]'] = ToBoolean(Obj.configurable);
-               }
-               if (src(Obj, 'value')) {
-                       desc['[[Value]]'] = Obj.value;
-               }
-               if (src(Obj, 'writable')) {
-                       desc['[[Writable]]'] = ToBoolean(Obj.writable);
-               }
-               if (src(Obj, 'get')) {
-                       var getter = Obj.get;
-                       if (typeof getter !== 'undefined' && !IsCallable(getter)) {
-                               throw new TypeError('getter must be a function');
-                       }
-                       desc['[[Get]]'] = getter;
-               }
-               if (src(Obj, 'set')) {
-                       var setter = Obj.set;
-                       if (typeof setter !== 'undefined' && !IsCallable(setter)) {
-                               throw new $TypeError$4('setter must be a function');
-                       }
-                       desc['[[Set]]'] = setter;
-               }
-
-               if ((src(desc, '[[Get]]') || src(desc, '[[Set]]')) && (src(desc, '[[Value]]') || src(desc, '[[Writable]]'))) {
-                       throw new $TypeError$4('Invalid property descriptor. Cannot both specify accessors and a value or writable attribute');
-               }
-               return desc;
+       var promiseResolve = function (C, x) {
+         anObject(C);
+         if (isObject$4(x) && x.constructor === C) return x;
+         var promiseCapability = newPromiseCapability$1.f(C);
+         var resolve = promiseCapability.resolve;
+         resolve(x);
+         return promiseCapability.promise;
        };
 
-       var $TypeError$5 = GetIntrinsic('%TypeError%');
+       var hostReportErrors = function (a, b) {
+         var console = global$2.console;
+         if (console && console.error) {
+           arguments.length === 1 ? console.error(a) : console.error(a, b);
+         }
+       };
 
+       var perform = function (exec) {
+         try {
+           return { error: false, value: exec() };
+         } catch (error) {
+           return { error: true, value: error };
+         }
+       };
 
+       var engineIsBrowser = typeof window == 'object';
 
-       var $isEnumerable$1 = callBound('Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable');
+       var task = task$1.set;
 
 
 
 
 
 
-       // https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-ordinarygetownproperty
 
-       var OrdinaryGetOwnProperty = function OrdinaryGetOwnProperty(O, P) {
-               if (Type$1(O) !== 'Object') {
-                       throw new $TypeError$5('Assertion failed: O must be an Object');
-               }
-               if (!IsPropertyKey(P)) {
-                       throw new $TypeError$5('Assertion failed: P must be a Property Key');
-               }
-               if (!src(O, P)) {
-                       return void 0;
-               }
-               if (!getOwnPropertyDescriptor) {
-                       // ES3 / IE 8 fallback
-                       var arrayLength = IsArray(O) && P === 'length';
-                       var regexLastIndex = IsRegExp(O) && P === 'lastIndex';
-                       return {
-                               '[[Configurable]]': !(arrayLength || regexLastIndex),
-                               '[[Enumerable]]': $isEnumerable$1(O, P),
-                               '[[Value]]': O[P],
-                               '[[Writable]]': true
-                       };
-               }
-               return ToPropertyDescriptor(getOwnPropertyDescriptor(O, P));
-       };
 
-       // https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-isdatadescriptor
 
-       var IsDataDescriptor = function IsDataDescriptor(Desc) {
-               if (typeof Desc === 'undefined') {
-                       return false;
-               }
+       var SPECIES$2 = wellKnownSymbol('species');
+       var PROMISE = 'Promise';
+       var getInternalState$1 = internalState.get;
+       var setInternalState$3 = internalState.set;
+       var getInternalPromiseState = internalState.getterFor(PROMISE);
+       var NativePromisePrototype = nativePromiseConstructor && nativePromiseConstructor.prototype;
+       var PromiseConstructor = nativePromiseConstructor;
+       var PromiseConstructorPrototype = NativePromisePrototype;
+       var TypeError$1 = global$2.TypeError;
+       var document$1 = global$2.document;
+       var process$1 = global$2.process;
+       var newPromiseCapability = newPromiseCapability$1.f;
+       var newGenericPromiseCapability = newPromiseCapability;
+       var DISPATCH_EVENT = !!(document$1 && document$1.createEvent && global$2.dispatchEvent);
+       var NATIVE_REJECTION_EVENT = typeof PromiseRejectionEvent == 'function';
+       var UNHANDLED_REJECTION = 'unhandledrejection';
+       var REJECTION_HANDLED = 'rejectionhandled';
+       var PENDING = 0;
+       var FULFILLED = 1;
+       var REJECTED = 2;
+       var HANDLED = 1;
+       var UNHANDLED = 2;
+       var SUBCLASSING = false;
+       var Internal, OwnPromiseCapability, PromiseWrapper, nativeThen;
 
-               assertRecord(Type$1, 'Property Descriptor', 'Desc', Desc);
+       var FORCED$f = isForced_1(PROMISE, function () {
+         var PROMISE_CONSTRUCTOR_SOURCE = inspectSource(PromiseConstructor);
+         var GLOBAL_CORE_JS_PROMISE = PROMISE_CONSTRUCTOR_SOURCE !== String(PromiseConstructor);
+         // V8 6.6 (Node 10 and Chrome 66) have a bug with resolving custom thenables
+         // https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=830565
+         // We can't detect it synchronously, so just check versions
+         if (!GLOBAL_CORE_JS_PROMISE && engineV8Version === 66) return true;
+         // We can't use @@species feature detection in V8 since it causes
+         // deoptimization and performance degradation
+         // https://github.com/zloirock/core-js/issues/679
+         if (engineV8Version >= 51 && /native code/.test(PROMISE_CONSTRUCTOR_SOURCE)) return false;
+         // Detect correctness of subclassing with @@species support
+         var promise = new PromiseConstructor(function (resolve) { resolve(1); });
+         var FakePromise = function (exec) {
+           exec(function () { /* empty */ }, function () { /* empty */ });
+         };
+         var constructor = promise.constructor = {};
+         constructor[SPECIES$2] = FakePromise;
+         SUBCLASSING = promise.then(function () { /* empty */ }) instanceof FakePromise;
+         if (!SUBCLASSING) return true;
+         // Unhandled rejections tracking support, NodeJS Promise without it fails @@species test
+         return !GLOBAL_CORE_JS_PROMISE && engineIsBrowser && !NATIVE_REJECTION_EVENT;
+       });
 
-               if (!src(Desc, '[[Value]]') && !src(Desc, '[[Writable]]')) {
-                       return false;
-               }
+       var INCORRECT_ITERATION$1 = FORCED$f || !checkCorrectnessOfIteration(function (iterable) {
+         PromiseConstructor.all(iterable)['catch'](function () { /* empty */ });
+       });
 
-               return true;
+       // helpers
+       var isThenable = function (it) {
+         var then;
+         return isObject$4(it) && typeof (then = it.then) == 'function' ? then : false;
+       };
+
+       var notify = function (state, isReject) {
+         if (state.notified) return;
+         state.notified = true;
+         var chain = state.reactions;
+         microtask(function () {
+           var value = state.value;
+           var ok = state.state == FULFILLED;
+           var index = 0;
+           // variable length - can't use forEach
+           while (chain.length > index) {
+             var reaction = chain[index++];
+             var handler = ok ? reaction.ok : reaction.fail;
+             var resolve = reaction.resolve;
+             var reject = reaction.reject;
+             var domain = reaction.domain;
+             var result, then, exited;
+             try {
+               if (handler) {
+                 if (!ok) {
+                   if (state.rejection === UNHANDLED) onHandleUnhandled(state);
+                   state.rejection = HANDLED;
+                 }
+                 if (handler === true) result = value;
+                 else {
+                   if (domain) domain.enter();
+                   result = handler(value); // can throw
+                   if (domain) {
+                     domain.exit();
+                     exited = true;
+                   }
+                 }
+                 if (result === reaction.promise) {
+                   reject(TypeError$1('Promise-chain cycle'));
+                 } else if (then = isThenable(result)) {
+                   then.call(result, resolve, reject);
+                 } else resolve(result);
+               } else reject(value);
+             } catch (error) {
+               if (domain && !exited) domain.exit();
+               reject(error);
+             }
+           }
+           state.reactions = [];
+           state.notified = false;
+           if (isReject && !state.rejection) onUnhandled(state);
+         });
        };
 
-       var $Object$1 = GetIntrinsic('%Object%');
-
-
-
-       var $preventExtensions = $Object$1.preventExtensions;
-       var $isExtensible = $Object$1.isExtensible;
-
-       // https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-isextensible-o
+       var dispatchEvent$1 = function (name, promise, reason) {
+         var event, handler;
+         if (DISPATCH_EVENT) {
+           event = document$1.createEvent('Event');
+           event.promise = promise;
+           event.reason = reason;
+           event.initEvent(name, false, true);
+           global$2.dispatchEvent(event);
+         } else event = { promise: promise, reason: reason };
+         if (!NATIVE_REJECTION_EVENT && (handler = global$2['on' + name])) handler(event);
+         else if (name === UNHANDLED_REJECTION) hostReportErrors('Unhandled promise rejection', reason);
+       };
+
+       var onUnhandled = function (state) {
+         task.call(global$2, function () {
+           var promise = state.facade;
+           var value = state.value;
+           var IS_UNHANDLED = isUnhandled(state);
+           var result;
+           if (IS_UNHANDLED) {
+             result = perform(function () {
+               if (engineIsNode) {
+                 process$1.emit('unhandledRejection', value, promise);
+               } else dispatchEvent$1(UNHANDLED_REJECTION, promise, value);
+             });
+             // Browsers should not trigger `rejectionHandled` event if it was handled here, NodeJS - should
+             state.rejection = engineIsNode || isUnhandled(state) ? UNHANDLED : HANDLED;
+             if (result.error) throw result.value;
+           }
+         });
+       };
 
-       var IsExtensible = $preventExtensions
-               ? function IsExtensible(obj) {
-                       return !isPrimitive(obj) && $isExtensible(obj);
-               }
-               : function IsExtensible(obj) {
-                       return !isPrimitive(obj);
-               };
+       var isUnhandled = function (state) {
+         return state.rejection !== HANDLED && !state.parent;
+       };
 
-       // http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/5.1/#sec-9.12
+       var onHandleUnhandled = function (state) {
+         task.call(global$2, function () {
+           var promise = state.facade;
+           if (engineIsNode) {
+             process$1.emit('rejectionHandled', promise);
+           } else dispatchEvent$1(REJECTION_HANDLED, promise, state.value);
+         });
+       };
 
-       var SameValue = function SameValue(x, y) {
-               if (x === y) { // 0 === -0, but they are not identical.
-                       if (x === 0) { return 1 / x === 1 / y; }
-                       return true;
-               }
-               return _isNaN(x) && _isNaN(y);
+       var bind$2 = function (fn, state, unwrap) {
+         return function (value) {
+           fn(state, value, unwrap);
+         };
        };
 
-       var $TypeError$6 = GetIntrinsic('%TypeError%');
+       var internalReject = function (state, value, unwrap) {
+         if (state.done) return;
+         state.done = true;
+         if (unwrap) state = unwrap;
+         state.value = value;
+         state.state = REJECTED;
+         notify(state, true);
+       };
 
+       var internalResolve = function (state, value, unwrap) {
+         if (state.done) return;
+         state.done = true;
+         if (unwrap) state = unwrap;
+         try {
+           if (state.facade === value) throw TypeError$1("Promise can't be resolved itself");
+           var then = isThenable(value);
+           if (then) {
+             microtask(function () {
+               var wrapper = { done: false };
+               try {
+                 then.call(value,
+                   bind$2(internalResolve, wrapper, state),
+                   bind$2(internalReject, wrapper, state)
+                 );
+               } catch (error) {
+                 internalReject(wrapper, error, state);
+               }
+             });
+           } else {
+             state.value = value;
+             state.state = FULFILLED;
+             notify(state, false);
+           }
+         } catch (error) {
+           internalReject({ done: false }, error, state);
+         }
+       };
 
+       // constructor polyfill
+       if (FORCED$f) {
+         // 25.4.3.1 Promise(executor)
+         PromiseConstructor = function Promise(executor) {
+           anInstance(this, PromiseConstructor, PROMISE);
+           aFunction(executor);
+           Internal.call(this);
+           var state = getInternalState$1(this);
+           try {
+             executor(bind$2(internalResolve, state), bind$2(internalReject, state));
+           } catch (error) {
+             internalReject(state, error);
+           }
+         };
+         PromiseConstructorPrototype = PromiseConstructor.prototype;
+         // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars -- required for `.length`
+         Internal = function Promise(executor) {
+           setInternalState$3(this, {
+             type: PROMISE,
+             done: false,
+             notified: false,
+             parent: false,
+             reactions: [],
+             rejection: false,
+             state: PENDING,
+             value: undefined
+           });
+         };
+         Internal.prototype = redefineAll(PromiseConstructorPrototype, {
+           // `Promise.prototype.then` method
+           // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-promise.prototype.then
+           then: function then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
+             var state = getInternalPromiseState(this);
+             var reaction = newPromiseCapability(speciesConstructor(this, PromiseConstructor));
+             reaction.ok = typeof onFulfilled == 'function' ? onFulfilled : true;
+             reaction.fail = typeof onRejected == 'function' && onRejected;
+             reaction.domain = engineIsNode ? process$1.domain : undefined;
+             state.parent = true;
+             state.reactions.push(reaction);
+             if (state.state != PENDING) notify(state, false);
+             return reaction.promise;
+           },
+           // `Promise.prototype.catch` method
+           // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-promise.prototype.catch
+           'catch': function (onRejected) {
+             return this.then(undefined, onRejected);
+           }
+         });
+         OwnPromiseCapability = function () {
+           var promise = new Internal();
+           var state = getInternalState$1(promise);
+           this.promise = promise;
+           this.resolve = bind$2(internalResolve, state);
+           this.reject = bind$2(internalReject, state);
+         };
+         newPromiseCapability$1.f = newPromiseCapability = function (C) {
+           return C === PromiseConstructor || C === PromiseWrapper
+             ? new OwnPromiseCapability(C)
+             : newGenericPromiseCapability(C);
+         };
 
+         if (typeof nativePromiseConstructor == 'function' && NativePromisePrototype !== Object.prototype) {
+           nativeThen = NativePromisePrototype.then;
 
+           if (!SUBCLASSING) {
+             // make `Promise#then` return a polyfilled `Promise` for native promise-based APIs
+             redefine(NativePromisePrototype, 'then', function then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
+               var that = this;
+               return new PromiseConstructor(function (resolve, reject) {
+                 nativeThen.call(that, resolve, reject);
+               }).then(onFulfilled, onRejected);
+             // https://github.com/zloirock/core-js/issues/640
+             }, { unsafe: true });
 
+             // makes sure that native promise-based APIs `Promise#catch` properly works with patched `Promise#then`
+             redefine(NativePromisePrototype, 'catch', PromiseConstructorPrototype['catch'], { unsafe: true });
+           }
 
+           // make `.constructor === Promise` work for native promise-based APIs
+           try {
+             delete NativePromisePrototype.constructor;
+           } catch (error) { /* empty */ }
 
+           // make `instanceof Promise` work for native promise-based APIs
+           if (objectSetPrototypeOf) {
+             objectSetPrototypeOf(NativePromisePrototype, PromiseConstructorPrototype);
+           }
+         }
+       }
 
+       _export({ global: true, wrap: true, forced: FORCED$f }, {
+         Promise: PromiseConstructor
+       });
 
+       setToStringTag(PromiseConstructor, PROMISE, false);
+       setSpecies(PROMISE);
 
+       PromiseWrapper = getBuiltIn(PROMISE);
 
-       // https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-createdataproperty
+       // statics
+       _export({ target: PROMISE, stat: true, forced: FORCED$f }, {
+         // `Promise.reject` method
+         // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-promise.reject
+         reject: function reject(r) {
+           var capability = newPromiseCapability(this);
+           capability.reject.call(undefined, r);
+           return capability.promise;
+         }
+       });
 
-       var CreateDataProperty = function CreateDataProperty(O, P, V) {
-               if (Type$1(O) !== 'Object') {
-                       throw new $TypeError$6('Assertion failed: Type(O) is not Object');
-               }
-               if (!IsPropertyKey(P)) {
-                       throw new $TypeError$6('Assertion failed: IsPropertyKey(P) is not true');
-               }
-               var oldDesc = OrdinaryGetOwnProperty(O, P);
-               var extensible = !oldDesc || IsExtensible(O);
-               var immutable = oldDesc && (!oldDesc['[[Writable]]'] || !oldDesc['[[Configurable]]']);
-               if (immutable || !extensible) {
-                       return false;
-               }
-               return DefineOwnProperty(
-                       IsDataDescriptor,
-                       SameValue,
-                       FromPropertyDescriptor,
-                       O,
-                       P,
-                       {
-                               '[[Configurable]]': true,
-                               '[[Enumerable]]': true,
-                               '[[Value]]': V,
-                               '[[Writable]]': true
-                       }
-               );
-       };
+       _export({ target: PROMISE, stat: true, forced: FORCED$f }, {
+         // `Promise.resolve` method
+         // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-promise.resolve
+         resolve: function resolve(x) {
+           return promiseResolve(this, x);
+         }
+       });
 
-       var $TypeError$7 = GetIntrinsic('%TypeError%');
+       _export({ target: PROMISE, stat: true, forced: INCORRECT_ITERATION$1 }, {
+         // `Promise.all` method
+         // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-promise.all
+         all: function all(iterable) {
+           var C = this;
+           var capability = newPromiseCapability(C);
+           var resolve = capability.resolve;
+           var reject = capability.reject;
+           var result = perform(function () {
+             var $promiseResolve = aFunction(C.resolve);
+             var values = [];
+             var counter = 0;
+             var remaining = 1;
+             iterate(iterable, function (promise) {
+               var index = counter++;
+               var alreadyCalled = false;
+               values.push(undefined);
+               remaining++;
+               $promiseResolve.call(C, promise).then(function (value) {
+                 if (alreadyCalled) return;
+                 alreadyCalled = true;
+                 values[index] = value;
+                 --remaining || resolve(values);
+               }, reject);
+             });
+             --remaining || resolve(values);
+           });
+           if (result.error) reject(result.value);
+           return capability.promise;
+         },
+         // `Promise.race` method
+         // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-promise.race
+         race: function race(iterable) {
+           var C = this;
+           var capability = newPromiseCapability(C);
+           var reject = capability.reject;
+           var result = perform(function () {
+             var $promiseResolve = aFunction(C.resolve);
+             iterate(iterable, function (promise) {
+               $promiseResolve.call(C, promise).then(capability.resolve, reject);
+             });
+           });
+           if (result.error) reject(result.value);
+           return capability.promise;
+         }
+       });
 
+       /* eslint-disable no-new -- required for testing */
+
+       var NATIVE_ARRAY_BUFFER_VIEWS = arrayBufferViewCore.NATIVE_ARRAY_BUFFER_VIEWS;
+
+       var ArrayBuffer$1 = global$2.ArrayBuffer;
+       var Int8Array$2 = global$2.Int8Array;
+
+       var typedArrayConstructorsRequireWrappers = !NATIVE_ARRAY_BUFFER_VIEWS || !fails(function () {
+         Int8Array$2(1);
+       }) || !fails(function () {
+         new Int8Array$2(-1);
+       }) || !checkCorrectnessOfIteration(function (iterable) {
+         new Int8Array$2();
+         new Int8Array$2(null);
+         new Int8Array$2(1.5);
+         new Int8Array$2(iterable);
+       }, true) || fails(function () {
+         // Safari (11+) bug - a reason why even Safari 13 should load a typed array polyfill
+         return new Int8Array$2(new ArrayBuffer$1(2), 1, undefined).length !== 1;
+       });
 
+       var toPositiveInteger = function (it) {
+         var result = toInteger(it);
+         if (result < 0) throw RangeError("The argument can't be less than 0");
+         return result;
+       };
 
+       var toOffset = function (it, BYTES) {
+         var offset = toPositiveInteger(it);
+         if (offset % BYTES) throw RangeError('Wrong offset');
+         return offset;
+       };
 
+       var aTypedArrayConstructor$3 = arrayBufferViewCore.aTypedArrayConstructor;
 
-       // // https://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-createdatapropertyorthrow
+       var typedArrayFrom = function from(source /* , mapfn, thisArg */) {
+         var O = toObject(source);
+         var argumentsLength = arguments.length;
+         var mapfn = argumentsLength > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined;
+         var mapping = mapfn !== undefined;
+         var iteratorMethod = getIteratorMethod(O);
+         var i, length, result, step, iterator, next;
+         if (iteratorMethod != undefined && !isArrayIteratorMethod(iteratorMethod)) {
+           iterator = iteratorMethod.call(O);
+           next = iterator.next;
+           O = [];
+           while (!(step = next.call(iterator)).done) {
+             O.push(step.value);
+           }
+         }
+         if (mapping && argumentsLength > 2) {
+           mapfn = functionBindContext(mapfn, arguments[2], 2);
+         }
+         length = toLength(O.length);
+         result = new (aTypedArrayConstructor$3(this))(length);
+         for (i = 0; length > i; i++) {
+           result[i] = mapping ? mapfn(O[i], i) : O[i];
+         }
+         return result;
+       };
 
-       var CreateDataPropertyOrThrow = function CreateDataPropertyOrThrow(O, P, V) {
-               if (Type$1(O) !== 'Object') {
-                       throw new $TypeError$7('Assertion failed: Type(O) is not Object');
-               }
-               if (!IsPropertyKey(P)) {
-                       throw new $TypeError$7('Assertion failed: IsPropertyKey(P) is not true');
-               }
-               var success = CreateDataProperty(O, P, V);
-               if (!success) {
-                       throw new $TypeError$7('unable to create data property');
-               }
-               return success;
+       // makes subclassing work correct for wrapped built-ins
+       var inheritIfRequired = function ($this, dummy, Wrapper) {
+         var NewTarget, NewTargetPrototype;
+         if (
+           // it can work only with native `setPrototypeOf`
+           objectSetPrototypeOf &&
+           // we haven't completely correct pre-ES6 way for getting `new.target`, so use this
+           typeof (NewTarget = dummy.constructor) == 'function' &&
+           NewTarget !== Wrapper &&
+           isObject$4(NewTargetPrototype = NewTarget.prototype) &&
+           NewTargetPrototype !== Wrapper.prototype
+         ) objectSetPrototypeOf($this, NewTargetPrototype);
+         return $this;
        };
 
-       var hasMap = typeof Map === 'function' && Map.prototype;
-       var mapSizeDescriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor && hasMap ? Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(Map.prototype, 'size') : null;
-       var mapSize = hasMap && mapSizeDescriptor && typeof mapSizeDescriptor.get === 'function' ? mapSizeDescriptor.get : null;
-       var mapForEach = hasMap && Map.prototype.forEach;
-       var hasSet = typeof Set === 'function' && Set.prototype;
-       var setSizeDescriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor && hasSet ? Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(Set.prototype, 'size') : null;
-       var setSize = hasSet && setSizeDescriptor && typeof setSizeDescriptor.get === 'function' ? setSizeDescriptor.get : null;
-       var setForEach = hasSet && Set.prototype.forEach;
-       var booleanValueOf = Boolean.prototype.valueOf;
-       var objectToString$1 = Object.prototype.toString;
+       var typedArrayConstructor = createCommonjsModule(function (module) {
 
-       var objectInspect = function inspect_ (obj, opts, depth, seen) {
-           if (typeof obj === 'undefined') {
-               return 'undefined';
-           }
-           if (obj === null) {
-               return 'null';
-           }
-           if (typeof obj === 'boolean') {
-               return obj ? 'true' : 'false';
-           }
-           if (typeof obj === 'string') {
-               return inspectString(obj);
-           }
-           if (typeof obj === 'number') {
-             if (obj === 0) {
-               return Infinity / obj > 0 ? '0' : '-0';
-             }
-             return String(obj);
-           }
 
-           if (!opts) opts = {};
 
-           var maxDepth = typeof opts.depth === 'undefined' ? 5 : opts.depth;
-           if (typeof depth === 'undefined') depth = 0;
-           if (depth >= maxDepth && maxDepth > 0 && typeof obj === 'object') {
-               return '[Object]';
-           }
 
-           if (typeof seen === 'undefined') seen = [];
-           else if (indexOf$2(seen, obj) >= 0) {
-               return '[Circular]';
-           }
 
-           function inspect (value, from) {
-               if (from) {
-                   seen = seen.slice();
-                   seen.push(from);
-               }
-               return inspect_(value, opts, depth + 1, seen);
-           }
 
-           if (typeof obj === 'function') {
-               var name = nameOf(obj);
-               return '[Function' + (name ? ': ' + name : '') + ']';
-           }
-           if (isSymbol$3(obj)) {
-               var symString = Symbol.prototype.toString.call(obj);
-               return typeof obj === 'object' ? markBoxed(symString) : symString;
-           }
-           if (isElement(obj)) {
-               var s = '<' + String(obj.nodeName).toLowerCase();
-               var attrs = obj.attributes || [];
-               for (var i = 0; i < attrs.length; i++) {
-                   s += ' ' + attrs[i].name + '="' + quote(attrs[i].value) + '"';
-               }
-               s += '>';
-               if (obj.childNodes && obj.childNodes.length) s += '...';
-               s += '</' + String(obj.nodeName).toLowerCase() + '>';
-               return s;
-           }
-           if (isArray$3(obj)) {
-               if (obj.length === 0) return '[]';
-               return '[ ' + arrObjKeys(obj, inspect).join(', ') + ' ]';
-           }
-           if (isError(obj)) {
-               var parts = arrObjKeys(obj, inspect);
-               if (parts.length === 0) return '[' + String(obj) + ']';
-               return '{ [' + String(obj) + '] ' + parts.join(', ') + ' }';
-           }
-           if (typeof obj === 'object' && typeof obj.inspect === 'function') {
-               return obj.inspect();
-           }
-           if (isMap(obj)) {
-               var parts = [];
-               mapForEach.call(obj, function (value, key) {
-                   parts.push(inspect(key, obj) + ' => ' + inspect(value, obj));
-               });
-               return collectionOf('Map', mapSize.call(obj), parts);
-           }
-           if (isSet(obj)) {
-               var parts = [];
-               setForEach.call(obj, function (value ) {
-                   parts.push(inspect(value, obj));
-               });
-               return collectionOf('Set', setSize.call(obj), parts);
-           }
-           if (isNumber(obj)) {
-               return markBoxed(Number(obj));
-           }
-           if (isBoolean(obj)) {
-               return markBoxed(booleanValueOf.call(obj));
-           }
-           if (isString$1(obj)) {
-               return markBoxed(inspect(String(obj)));
-           }
-           if (!isDate(obj) && !isRegExp(obj)) {
-               var xs = arrObjKeys(obj, inspect);
-               if (xs.length === 0) return '{}';
-               return '{ ' + xs.join(', ') + ' }';
-           }
-           return String(obj);
-       };
 
-       function quote (s) {
-           return String(s).replace(/"/g, '&quot;');
-       }
 
-       function isArray$3 (obj) { return toStr$8(obj) === '[object Array]' }
-       function isDate (obj) { return toStr$8(obj) === '[object Date]' }
-       function isRegExp (obj) { return toStr$8(obj) === '[object RegExp]' }
-       function isError (obj) { return toStr$8(obj) === '[object Error]' }
-       function isSymbol$3 (obj) { return toStr$8(obj) === '[object Symbol]' }
-       function isString$1 (obj) { return toStr$8(obj) === '[object String]' }
-       function isNumber (obj) { return toStr$8(obj) === '[object Number]' }
-       function isBoolean (obj) { return toStr$8(obj) === '[object Boolean]' }
 
-       var hasOwn = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty || function (key) { return key in this; };
-       function has$1 (obj, key) {
-           return hasOwn.call(obj, key);
-       }
 
-       function toStr$8 (obj) {
-           return objectToString$1.call(obj);
-       }
 
-       function nameOf (f) {
-           if (f.name) return f.name;
-           var m = String(f).match(/^function\s*([\w$]+)/);
-           if (m) return m[1];
-       }
 
-       function indexOf$2 (xs, x) {
-           if (xs.indexOf) return xs.indexOf(x);
-           for (var i = 0, l = xs.length; i < l; i++) {
-               if (xs[i] === x) return i;
-           }
-           return -1;
-       }
 
-       function isMap (x) {
-           if (!mapSize) {
-               return false;
-           }
-           try {
-               mapSize.call(x);
-               try {
-                   setSize.call(x);
-               } catch (s) {
-                   return true;
-               }
-               return x instanceof Map; // core-js workaround, pre-v2.5.0
-           } catch (e) {}
-           return false;
-       }
 
-       function isSet (x) {
-           if (!setSize) {
-               return false;
-           }
-           try {
-               setSize.call(x);
-               try {
-                   mapSize.call(x);
-               } catch (m) {
-                   return true;
-               }
-               return x instanceof Set; // core-js workaround, pre-v2.5.0
-           } catch (e) {}
-           return false;
-       }
 
-       function isElement (x) {
-           if (!x || typeof x !== 'object') return false;
-           if (typeof HTMLElement !== 'undefined' && x instanceof HTMLElement) {
-               return true;
-           }
-           return typeof x.nodeName === 'string'
-               && typeof x.getAttribute === 'function'
-           ;
-       }
 
-       function inspectString (str) {
-           var s = str.replace(/(['\\])/g, '\\$1').replace(/[\x00-\x1f]/g, lowbyte);
-           return "'" + s + "'";
-       }
 
-       function lowbyte (c) {
-           var n = c.charCodeAt(0);
-           var x = { 8: 'b', 9: 't', 10: 'n', 12: 'f', 13: 'r' }[n];
-           if (x) return '\\' + x;
-           return '\\x' + (n < 0x10 ? '0' : '') + n.toString(16);
-       }
 
-       function markBoxed (str) {
-           return 'Object(' + str + ')';
-       }
+       var getOwnPropertyNames = objectGetOwnPropertyNames.f;
+
+       var forEach = arrayIteration.forEach;
 
-       function collectionOf (type, size, entries) {
-           return type + ' (' + size + ') {' + entries.join(', ') + '}';
-       }
 
-       function arrObjKeys (obj, inspect) {
-           var isArr = isArray$3(obj);
-           var xs = [];
-           if (isArr) {
-               xs.length = obj.length;
-               for (var i = 0; i < obj.length; i++) {
-                   xs[i] = has$1(obj, i) ? inspect(obj[i], obj) : '';
-               }
-           }
-           for (var key in obj) {
-               if (!has$1(obj, key)) continue;
-               if (isArr && String(Number(key)) === key && key < obj.length) continue;
-               if (/[^\w$]/.test(key)) {
-                   xs.push(inspect(key, obj) + ': ' + inspect(obj[key], obj));
-               } else {
-                   xs.push(key + ': ' + inspect(obj[key], obj));
-               }
-           }
-           return xs;
-       }
 
-       var $TypeError$8 = GetIntrinsic('%TypeError%');
 
 
 
+       var getInternalState = internalState.get;
+       var setInternalState = internalState.set;
+       var nativeDefineProperty = objectDefineProperty.f;
+       var nativeGetOwnPropertyDescriptor = objectGetOwnPropertyDescriptor.f;
+       var round = Math.round;
+       var RangeError = global$2.RangeError;
+       var ArrayBuffer = arrayBuffer.ArrayBuffer;
+       var DataView = arrayBuffer.DataView;
+       var NATIVE_ARRAY_BUFFER_VIEWS = arrayBufferViewCore.NATIVE_ARRAY_BUFFER_VIEWS;
+       var TYPED_ARRAY_TAG = arrayBufferViewCore.TYPED_ARRAY_TAG;
+       var TypedArray = arrayBufferViewCore.TypedArray;
+       var TypedArrayPrototype = arrayBufferViewCore.TypedArrayPrototype;
+       var aTypedArrayConstructor = arrayBufferViewCore.aTypedArrayConstructor;
+       var isTypedArray = arrayBufferViewCore.isTypedArray;
+       var BYTES_PER_ELEMENT = 'BYTES_PER_ELEMENT';
+       var WRONG_LENGTH = 'Wrong length';
+
+       var fromList = function (C, list) {
+         var index = 0;
+         var length = list.length;
+         var result = new (aTypedArrayConstructor(C))(length);
+         while (length > index) result[index] = list[index++];
+         return result;
+       };
 
+       var addGetter = function (it, key) {
+         nativeDefineProperty(it, key, { get: function () {
+           return getInternalState(this)[key];
+         } });
+       };
 
+       var isArrayBuffer = function (it) {
+         var klass;
+         return it instanceof ArrayBuffer || (klass = classof(it)) == 'ArrayBuffer' || klass == 'SharedArrayBuffer';
+       };
 
-       /**
-        * 7.3.1 Get (O, P) - https://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-get-o-p
-        * 1. Assert: Type(O) is Object.
-        * 2. Assert: IsPropertyKey(P) is true.
-        * 3. Return O.[[Get]](P, O).
-        */
+       var isTypedArrayIndex = function (target, key) {
+         return isTypedArray(target)
+           && typeof key != 'symbol'
+           && key in target
+           && String(+key) == String(key);
+       };
 
-       var Get = function Get(O, P) {
-               // 7.3.1.1
-               if (Type$1(O) !== 'Object') {
-                       throw new $TypeError$8('Assertion failed: Type(O) is not Object');
-               }
-               // 7.3.1.2
-               if (!IsPropertyKey(P)) {
-                       throw new $TypeError$8('Assertion failed: IsPropertyKey(P) is not true, got ' + objectInspect(P));
-               }
-               // 7.3.1.3
-               return O[P];
+       var wrappedGetOwnPropertyDescriptor = function getOwnPropertyDescriptor(target, key) {
+         return isTypedArrayIndex(target, key = toPrimitive(key, true))
+           ? createPropertyDescriptor(2, target[key])
+           : nativeGetOwnPropertyDescriptor(target, key);
        };
 
-       var $TypeError$9 = GetIntrinsic('%TypeError%');
-
-       var isPropertyDescriptor = function IsPropertyDescriptor(ES, Desc) {
-               if (ES.Type(Desc) !== 'Object') {
-                       return false;
-               }
-               var allowed = {
-                       '[[Configurable]]': true,
-                       '[[Enumerable]]': true,
-                       '[[Get]]': true,
-                       '[[Set]]': true,
-                       '[[Value]]': true,
-                       '[[Writable]]': true
-               };
-
-               for (var key in Desc) { // eslint-disable-line no-restricted-syntax
-                       if (src(Desc, key) && !allowed[key]) {
-                               return false;
-                       }
-               }
-
-               if (ES.IsDataDescriptor(Desc) && ES.IsAccessorDescriptor(Desc)) {
-                       throw new $TypeError$9('Property Descriptors may not be both accessor and data descriptors');
-               }
-               return true;
+       var wrappedDefineProperty = function defineProperty(target, key, descriptor) {
+         if (isTypedArrayIndex(target, key = toPrimitive(key, true))
+           && isObject$4(descriptor)
+           && has$1(descriptor, 'value')
+           && !has$1(descriptor, 'get')
+           && !has$1(descriptor, 'set')
+           // TODO: add validation descriptor w/o calling accessors
+           && !descriptor.configurable
+           && (!has$1(descriptor, 'writable') || descriptor.writable)
+           && (!has$1(descriptor, 'enumerable') || descriptor.enumerable)
+         ) {
+           target[key] = descriptor.value;
+           return target;
+         } return nativeDefineProperty(target, key, descriptor);
        };
 
-       // https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-isaccessordescriptor
+       if (descriptors) {
+         if (!NATIVE_ARRAY_BUFFER_VIEWS) {
+           objectGetOwnPropertyDescriptor.f = wrappedGetOwnPropertyDescriptor;
+           objectDefineProperty.f = wrappedDefineProperty;
+           addGetter(TypedArrayPrototype, 'buffer');
+           addGetter(TypedArrayPrototype, 'byteOffset');
+           addGetter(TypedArrayPrototype, 'byteLength');
+           addGetter(TypedArrayPrototype, 'length');
+         }
 
-       var IsAccessorDescriptor = function IsAccessorDescriptor(Desc) {
-               if (typeof Desc === 'undefined') {
-                       return false;
-               }
+         _export({ target: 'Object', stat: true, forced: !NATIVE_ARRAY_BUFFER_VIEWS }, {
+           getOwnPropertyDescriptor: wrappedGetOwnPropertyDescriptor,
+           defineProperty: wrappedDefineProperty
+         });
 
-               assertRecord(Type$1, 'Property Descriptor', 'Desc', Desc);
+         module.exports = function (TYPE, wrapper, CLAMPED) {
+           var BYTES = TYPE.match(/\d+$/)[0] / 8;
+           var CONSTRUCTOR_NAME = TYPE + (CLAMPED ? 'Clamped' : '') + 'Array';
+           var GETTER = 'get' + TYPE;
+           var SETTER = 'set' + TYPE;
+           var NativeTypedArrayConstructor = global$2[CONSTRUCTOR_NAME];
+           var TypedArrayConstructor = NativeTypedArrayConstructor;
+           var TypedArrayConstructorPrototype = TypedArrayConstructor && TypedArrayConstructor.prototype;
+           var exported = {};
 
-               if (!src(Desc, '[[Get]]') && !src(Desc, '[[Set]]')) {
-                       return false;
-               }
+           var getter = function (that, index) {
+             var data = getInternalState(that);
+             return data.view[GETTER](index * BYTES + data.byteOffset, true);
+           };
 
-               return true;
-       };
+           var setter = function (that, index, value) {
+             var data = getInternalState(that);
+             if (CLAMPED) value = (value = round(value)) < 0 ? 0 : value > 0xFF ? 0xFF : value & 0xFF;
+             data.view[SETTER](index * BYTES + data.byteOffset, value, true);
+           };
+
+           var addElement = function (that, index) {
+             nativeDefineProperty(that, index, {
+               get: function () {
+                 return getter(this, index);
+               },
+               set: function (value) {
+                 return setter(this, index, value);
+               },
+               enumerable: true
+             });
+           };
+
+           if (!NATIVE_ARRAY_BUFFER_VIEWS) {
+             TypedArrayConstructor = wrapper(function (that, data, offset, $length) {
+               anInstance(that, TypedArrayConstructor, CONSTRUCTOR_NAME);
+               var index = 0;
+               var byteOffset = 0;
+               var buffer, byteLength, length;
+               if (!isObject$4(data)) {
+                 length = toIndex(data);
+                 byteLength = length * BYTES;
+                 buffer = new ArrayBuffer(byteLength);
+               } else if (isArrayBuffer(data)) {
+                 buffer = data;
+                 byteOffset = toOffset(offset, BYTES);
+                 var $len = data.byteLength;
+                 if ($length === undefined) {
+                   if ($len % BYTES) throw RangeError(WRONG_LENGTH);
+                   byteLength = $len - byteOffset;
+                   if (byteLength < 0) throw RangeError(WRONG_LENGTH);
+                 } else {
+                   byteLength = toLength($length) * BYTES;
+                   if (byteLength + byteOffset > $len) throw RangeError(WRONG_LENGTH);
+                 }
+                 length = byteLength / BYTES;
+               } else if (isTypedArray(data)) {
+                 return fromList(TypedArrayConstructor, data);
+               } else {
+                 return typedArrayFrom.call(TypedArrayConstructor, data);
+               }
+               setInternalState(that, {
+                 buffer: buffer,
+                 byteOffset: byteOffset,
+                 byteLength: byteLength,
+                 length: length,
+                 view: new DataView(buffer)
+               });
+               while (index < length) addElement(that, index++);
+             });
 
-       var $TypeError$a = GetIntrinsic('%TypeError%');
+             if (objectSetPrototypeOf) objectSetPrototypeOf(TypedArrayConstructor, TypedArray);
+             TypedArrayConstructorPrototype = TypedArrayConstructor.prototype = objectCreate(TypedArrayPrototype);
+           } else if (typedArrayConstructorsRequireWrappers) {
+             TypedArrayConstructor = wrapper(function (dummy, data, typedArrayOffset, $length) {
+               anInstance(dummy, TypedArrayConstructor, CONSTRUCTOR_NAME);
+               return inheritIfRequired(function () {
+                 if (!isObject$4(data)) return new NativeTypedArrayConstructor(toIndex(data));
+                 if (isArrayBuffer(data)) return $length !== undefined
+                   ? new NativeTypedArrayConstructor(data, toOffset(typedArrayOffset, BYTES), $length)
+                   : typedArrayOffset !== undefined
+                     ? new NativeTypedArrayConstructor(data, toOffset(typedArrayOffset, BYTES))
+                     : new NativeTypedArrayConstructor(data);
+                 if (isTypedArray(data)) return fromList(TypedArrayConstructor, data);
+                 return typedArrayFrom.call(TypedArrayConstructor, data);
+               }(), dummy, TypedArrayConstructor);
+             });
+
+             if (objectSetPrototypeOf) objectSetPrototypeOf(TypedArrayConstructor, TypedArray);
+             forEach(getOwnPropertyNames(NativeTypedArrayConstructor), function (key) {
+               if (!(key in TypedArrayConstructor)) {
+                 createNonEnumerableProperty(TypedArrayConstructor, key, NativeTypedArrayConstructor[key]);
+               }
+             });
+             TypedArrayConstructor.prototype = TypedArrayConstructorPrototype;
+           }
+
+           if (TypedArrayConstructorPrototype.constructor !== TypedArrayConstructor) {
+             createNonEnumerableProperty(TypedArrayConstructorPrototype, 'constructor', TypedArrayConstructor);
+           }
 
+           if (TYPED_ARRAY_TAG) {
+             createNonEnumerableProperty(TypedArrayConstructorPrototype, TYPED_ARRAY_TAG, CONSTRUCTOR_NAME);
+           }
 
+           exported[CONSTRUCTOR_NAME] = TypedArrayConstructor;
 
+           _export({
+             global: true, forced: TypedArrayConstructor != NativeTypedArrayConstructor, sham: !NATIVE_ARRAY_BUFFER_VIEWS
+           }, exported);
 
+           if (!(BYTES_PER_ELEMENT in TypedArrayConstructor)) {
+             createNonEnumerableProperty(TypedArrayConstructor, BYTES_PER_ELEMENT, BYTES);
+           }
 
+           if (!(BYTES_PER_ELEMENT in TypedArrayConstructorPrototype)) {
+             createNonEnumerableProperty(TypedArrayConstructorPrototype, BYTES_PER_ELEMENT, BYTES);
+           }
 
+           setSpecies(CONSTRUCTOR_NAME);
+         };
+       } else module.exports = function () { /* empty */ };
+       });
 
+       // `Uint8Array` constructor
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-typedarray-objects
+       typedArrayConstructor('Uint8', function (init) {
+         return function Uint8Array(data, byteOffset, length) {
+           return init(this, data, byteOffset, length);
+         };
+       });
 
+       var min$7 = Math.min;
+
+       // `Array.prototype.copyWithin` method implementation
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-array.prototype.copywithin
+       // eslint-disable-next-line es/no-array-prototype-copywithin -- safe
+       var arrayCopyWithin = [].copyWithin || function copyWithin(target /* = 0 */, start /* = 0, end = @length */) {
+         var O = toObject(this);
+         var len = toLength(O.length);
+         var to = toAbsoluteIndex(target, len);
+         var from = toAbsoluteIndex(start, len);
+         var end = arguments.length > 2 ? arguments[2] : undefined;
+         var count = min$7((end === undefined ? len : toAbsoluteIndex(end, len)) - from, len - to);
+         var inc = 1;
+         if (from < to && to < from + count) {
+           inc = -1;
+           from += count - 1;
+           to += count - 1;
+         }
+         while (count-- > 0) {
+           if (from in O) O[to] = O[from];
+           else delete O[to];
+           to += inc;
+           from += inc;
+         } return O;
+       };
+
+       var aTypedArray$l = arrayBufferViewCore.aTypedArray;
+       var exportTypedArrayMethod$m = arrayBufferViewCore.exportTypedArrayMethod;
+
+       // `%TypedArray%.prototype.copyWithin` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.copywithin
+       exportTypedArrayMethod$m('copyWithin', function copyWithin(target, start /* , end */) {
+         return arrayCopyWithin.call(aTypedArray$l(this), target, start, arguments.length > 2 ? arguments[2] : undefined);
+       });
 
+       var $every$1 = arrayIteration.every;
 
+       var aTypedArray$k = arrayBufferViewCore.aTypedArray;
+       var exportTypedArrayMethod$l = arrayBufferViewCore.exportTypedArrayMethod;
 
+       // `%TypedArray%.prototype.every` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.every
+       exportTypedArrayMethod$l('every', function every(callbackfn /* , thisArg */) {
+         return $every$1(aTypedArray$k(this), callbackfn, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);
+       });
 
-       // https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-definepropertyorthrow
+       var aTypedArray$j = arrayBufferViewCore.aTypedArray;
+       var exportTypedArrayMethod$k = arrayBufferViewCore.exportTypedArrayMethod;
 
-       var DefinePropertyOrThrow = function DefinePropertyOrThrow(O, P, desc) {
-               if (Type$1(O) !== 'Object') {
-                       throw new $TypeError$a('Assertion failed: Type(O) is not Object');
-               }
+       // `%TypedArray%.prototype.fill` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.fill
+       // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars -- required for `.length`
+       exportTypedArrayMethod$k('fill', function fill(value /* , start, end */) {
+         return arrayFill.apply(aTypedArray$j(this), arguments);
+       });
 
-               if (!IsPropertyKey(P)) {
-                       throw new $TypeError$a('Assertion failed: IsPropertyKey(P) is not true');
-               }
+       var aTypedArrayConstructor$2 = arrayBufferViewCore.aTypedArrayConstructor;
 
-               var Desc = isPropertyDescriptor({
-                       Type: Type$1,
-                       IsDataDescriptor: IsDataDescriptor,
-                       IsAccessorDescriptor: IsAccessorDescriptor
-               }, desc) ? desc : ToPropertyDescriptor(desc);
-               if (!isPropertyDescriptor({
-                       Type: Type$1,
-                       IsDataDescriptor: IsDataDescriptor,
-                       IsAccessorDescriptor: IsAccessorDescriptor
-               }, Desc)) {
-                       throw new $TypeError$a('Assertion failed: Desc is not a valid Property Descriptor');
-               }
 
-               return DefineOwnProperty(
-                       IsDataDescriptor,
-                       SameValue,
-                       FromPropertyDescriptor,
-                       O,
-                       P,
-                       Desc
-               );
+       var typedArrayFromSpeciesAndList = function (instance, list) {
+         var C = speciesConstructor(instance, instance.constructor);
+         var index = 0;
+         var length = list.length;
+         var result = new (aTypedArrayConstructor$2(C))(length);
+         while (length > index) result[index] = list[index++];
+         return result;
        };
 
-       var IsConstructor = createCommonjsModule(function (module) {
+       var $filter$1 = arrayIteration.filter;
+
 
+       var aTypedArray$i = arrayBufferViewCore.aTypedArray;
+       var exportTypedArrayMethod$j = arrayBufferViewCore.exportTypedArrayMethod;
 
+       // `%TypedArray%.prototype.filter` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.filter
+       exportTypedArrayMethod$j('filter', function filter(callbackfn /* , thisArg */) {
+         var list = $filter$1(aTypedArray$i(this), callbackfn, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);
+         return typedArrayFromSpeciesAndList(this, list);
+       });
 
-       var $construct = GetIntrinsic('%Reflect.construct%', true);
+       var $find$1 = arrayIteration.find;
 
-       var DefinePropertyOrThrow$1 = DefinePropertyOrThrow;
-       try {
-               DefinePropertyOrThrow$1({}, '', { '[[Get]]': function () {} });
-       } catch (e) {
-               // Accessor properties aren't supported
-               DefinePropertyOrThrow$1 = null;
-       }
-
-       // https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-isconstructor
-
-       if (DefinePropertyOrThrow$1 && $construct) {
-               var isConstructorMarker = {};
-               var badArrayLike = {};
-               DefinePropertyOrThrow$1(badArrayLike, 'length', {
-                       '[[Get]]': function () {
-                               throw isConstructorMarker;
-                       },
-                       '[[Enumerable]]': true
-               });
-
-               module.exports = function IsConstructor(argument) {
-                       try {
-                               // `Reflect.construct` invokes `IsConstructor(target)` before `Get(args, 'length')`:
-                               $construct(argument, badArrayLike);
-                       } catch (err) {
-                               return err === isConstructorMarker;
-                       }
-               };
-       } else {
-               module.exports = function IsConstructor(argument) {
-                       // unfortunately there's no way to truly check this without try/catch `new argument` in old environments
-                       return typeof argument === 'function' && !!argument.prototype;
-               };
-       }
+       var aTypedArray$h = arrayBufferViewCore.aTypedArray;
+       var exportTypedArrayMethod$i = arrayBufferViewCore.exportTypedArrayMethod;
+
+       // `%TypedArray%.prototype.find` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.find
+       exportTypedArrayMethod$i('find', function find(predicate /* , thisArg */) {
+         return $find$1(aTypedArray$h(this), predicate, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);
        });
 
-       var $String = GetIntrinsic('%String%');
-       var $TypeError$b = GetIntrinsic('%TypeError%');
+       var $findIndex$1 = arrayIteration.findIndex;
 
-       // https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-tostring
+       var aTypedArray$g = arrayBufferViewCore.aTypedArray;
+       var exportTypedArrayMethod$h = arrayBufferViewCore.exportTypedArrayMethod;
 
-       var ToString = function ToString(argument) {
-               if (typeof argument === 'symbol') {
-                       throw new $TypeError$b('Cannot convert a Symbol value to a string');
-               }
-               return $String(argument);
-       };
+       // `%TypedArray%.prototype.findIndex` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.findindex
+       exportTypedArrayMethod$h('findIndex', function findIndex(predicate /* , thisArg */) {
+         return $findIndex$1(aTypedArray$g(this), predicate, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);
+       });
 
-       var hasToStringTag$3 = typeof Symbol === 'function' && typeof Symbol.toStringTag === 'symbol';
-       var toStr$9 = Object.prototype.toString;
+       var $forEach = arrayIteration.forEach;
 
-       var isStandardArguments = function isArguments(value) {
-               if (hasToStringTag$3 && value && typeof value === 'object' && Symbol.toStringTag in value) {
-                       return false;
-               }
-               return toStr$9.call(value) === '[object Arguments]';
-       };
+       var aTypedArray$f = arrayBufferViewCore.aTypedArray;
+       var exportTypedArrayMethod$g = arrayBufferViewCore.exportTypedArrayMethod;
 
-       var isLegacyArguments = function isArguments(value) {
-               if (isStandardArguments(value)) {
-                       return true;
-               }
-               return value !== null &&
-                       typeof value === 'object' &&
-                       typeof value.length === 'number' &&
-                       value.length >= 0 &&
-                       toStr$9.call(value) !== '[object Array]' &&
-                       toStr$9.call(value.callee) === '[object Function]';
-       };
+       // `%TypedArray%.prototype.forEach` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.foreach
+       exportTypedArrayMethod$g('forEach', function forEach(callbackfn /* , thisArg */) {
+         $forEach(aTypedArray$f(this), callbackfn, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);
+       });
 
-       var supportsStandardArguments = (function () {
-               return isStandardArguments(arguments);
-       }());
+       var $includes$1 = arrayIncludes.includes;
 
-       isStandardArguments.isLegacyArguments = isLegacyArguments; // for tests
+       var aTypedArray$e = arrayBufferViewCore.aTypedArray;
+       var exportTypedArrayMethod$f = arrayBufferViewCore.exportTypedArrayMethod;
 
-       var isArguments$2 = supportsStandardArguments ? isStandardArguments : isLegacyArguments;
+       // `%TypedArray%.prototype.includes` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.includes
+       exportTypedArrayMethod$f('includes', function includes(searchElement /* , fromIndex */) {
+         return $includes$1(aTypedArray$e(this), searchElement, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);
+       });
 
-       var toString = {}.toString;
+       var $indexOf = arrayIncludes.indexOf;
 
-       var isarray = Array.isArray || function (arr) {
-         return toString.call(arr) == '[object Array]';
-       };
+       var aTypedArray$d = arrayBufferViewCore.aTypedArray;
+       var exportTypedArrayMethod$e = arrayBufferViewCore.exportTypedArrayMethod;
 
-       var strValue = String.prototype.valueOf;
-       var tryStringObject = function tryStringObject(value) {
-               try {
-                       strValue.call(value);
-                       return true;
-               } catch (e) {
-                       return false;
-               }
-       };
-       var toStr$a = Object.prototype.toString;
-       var strClass = '[object String]';
-       var hasToStringTag$4 = typeof Symbol === 'function' && typeof Symbol.toStringTag === 'symbol';
-
-       var isString$2 = function isString(value) {
-               if (typeof value === 'string') {
-                       return true;
-               }
-               if (typeof value !== 'object') {
-                       return false;
-               }
-               return hasToStringTag$4 ? tryStringObject(value) : toStr$a.call(value) === strClass;
-       };
+       // `%TypedArray%.prototype.indexOf` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.indexof
+       exportTypedArrayMethod$e('indexOf', function indexOf(searchElement /* , fromIndex */) {
+         return $indexOf(aTypedArray$d(this), searchElement, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);
+       });
 
-       var $Map = typeof Map === 'function' && Map.prototype ? Map : null;
-       var $Set = typeof Set === 'function' && Set.prototype ? Set : null;
-
-       var exported;
-
-       if (!$Map) {
-               // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars
-               exported = function isMap(x) {
-                       // `Map` is not present in this environment.
-                       return false;
-               };
-       }
-
-       var $mapHas = $Map ? Map.prototype.has : null;
-       var $setHas = $Set ? Set.prototype.has : null;
-       if (!exported && !$mapHas) {
-               // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars
-               exported = function isMap(x) {
-                       // `Map` does not have a `has` method
-                       return false;
-               };
-       }
-
-       var isMap$1 = exported || function isMap(x) {
-               if (!x || typeof x !== 'object') {
-                       return false;
-               }
-               try {
-                       $mapHas.call(x);
-                       if ($setHas) {
-                               try {
-                                       $setHas.call(x);
-                               } catch (e) {
-                                       return true;
-                               }
-                       }
-                       return x instanceof $Map; // core-js workaround, pre-v2.5.0
-               } catch (e) {}
-               return false;
-       };
+       var ITERATOR$2 = wellKnownSymbol('iterator');
+       var Uint8Array$2 = global$2.Uint8Array;
+       var arrayValues = es_array_iterator.values;
+       var arrayKeys = es_array_iterator.keys;
+       var arrayEntries = es_array_iterator.entries;
+       var aTypedArray$c = arrayBufferViewCore.aTypedArray;
+       var exportTypedArrayMethod$d = arrayBufferViewCore.exportTypedArrayMethod;
+       var nativeTypedArrayIterator = Uint8Array$2 && Uint8Array$2.prototype[ITERATOR$2];
+
+       var CORRECT_ITER_NAME = !!nativeTypedArrayIterator
+         && (nativeTypedArrayIterator.name == 'values' || nativeTypedArrayIterator.name == undefined);
 
-       var $Map$1 = typeof Map === 'function' && Map.prototype ? Map : null;
-       var $Set$1 = typeof Set === 'function' && Set.prototype ? Set : null;
-
-       var exported$1;
-
-       if (!$Set$1) {
-               // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars
-               exported$1 = function isSet(x) {
-                       // `Set` is not present in this environment.
-                       return false;
-               };
-       }
-
-       var $mapHas$1 = $Map$1 ? Map.prototype.has : null;
-       var $setHas$1 = $Set$1 ? Set.prototype.has : null;
-       if (!exported$1 && !$setHas$1) {
-               // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars
-               exported$1 = function isSet(x) {
-                       // `Set` does not have a `has` method
-                       return false;
-               };
-       }
-
-       var isSet$1 = exported$1 || function isSet(x) {
-               if (!x || typeof x !== 'object') {
-                       return false;
-               }
-               try {
-                       $setHas$1.call(x);
-                       if ($mapHas$1) {
-                               try {
-                                       $mapHas$1.call(x);
-                               } catch (e) {
-                                       return true;
-                               }
-                       }
-                       return x instanceof $Set$1; // core-js workaround, pre-v2.5.0
-               } catch (e) {}
-               return false;
+       var typedArrayValues = function values() {
+         return arrayValues.call(aTypedArray$c(this));
        };
 
-       var esGetIterator = createCommonjsModule(function (module) {
+       // `%TypedArray%.prototype.entries` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.entries
+       exportTypedArrayMethod$d('entries', function entries() {
+         return arrayEntries.call(aTypedArray$c(this));
+       });
+       // `%TypedArray%.prototype.keys` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.keys
+       exportTypedArrayMethod$d('keys', function keys() {
+         return arrayKeys.call(aTypedArray$c(this));
+       });
+       // `%TypedArray%.prototype.values` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.values
+       exportTypedArrayMethod$d('values', typedArrayValues, !CORRECT_ITER_NAME);
+       // `%TypedArray%.prototype[@@iterator]` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-%typedarray%.prototype-@@iterator
+       exportTypedArrayMethod$d(ITERATOR$2, typedArrayValues, !CORRECT_ITER_NAME);
+
+       var aTypedArray$b = arrayBufferViewCore.aTypedArray;
+       var exportTypedArrayMethod$c = arrayBufferViewCore.exportTypedArrayMethod;
+       var $join = [].join;
+
+       // `%TypedArray%.prototype.join` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.join
+       // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars -- required for `.length`
+       exportTypedArrayMethod$c('join', function join(separator) {
+         return $join.apply(aTypedArray$b(this), arguments);
+       });
+
+       /* eslint-disable es/no-array-prototype-lastindexof -- safe */
 
-       /* eslint global-require: 0 */
-       // the code is structured this way so that bundlers can
-       // alias out `has-symbols` to `() => true` or `() => false` if your target
-       // environments' Symbol capabilities are known, and then use
-       // dead code elimination on the rest of this module.
-       //
-       // Similarly, `isarray` can be aliased to `Array.isArray` if
-       // available in all target environments.
-
-
-
-       if (hasSymbols$1() || shams()) {
-               var $iterator = Symbol.iterator;
-               // Symbol is available natively or shammed
-               // natively:
-               //  - Chrome >= 38
-               //  - Edge 12-14?, Edge >= 15 for sure
-               //  - FF >= 36
-               //  - Safari >= 9
-               //  - node >= 0.12
-               module.exports = function getIterator(iterable) {
-                       // alternatively, `iterable[$iterator]?.()`
-                       if (iterable != null && typeof iterable[$iterator] !== 'undefined') {
-                               return iterable[$iterator]();
-                       }
-                       if (isArguments$2(iterable)) {
-                               // arguments objects lack Symbol.iterator
-                               // - node 0.12
-                               return Array.prototype[$iterator].call(iterable);
-                       }
-               };
-       } else {
-               // Symbol is not available, native or shammed
-               var isArray = isarray;
-               var isString = isString$2;
-               var GetIntrinsic$1 = GetIntrinsic;
-               var $Map = GetIntrinsic$1('%Map%', true);
-               var $Set = GetIntrinsic$1('%Set%', true);
-               var callBound$1 = callBound;
-               var $arrayPush = callBound$1('Array.prototype.push');
-               var $charCodeAt = callBound$1('String.prototype.charCodeAt');
-               var $stringSlice = callBound$1('String.prototype.slice');
-
-               var advanceStringIndex = function advanceStringIndex(S, index) {
-                       var length = S.length;
-                       if ((index + 1) >= length) {
-                               return index + 1;
-                       }
-
-                       var first = $charCodeAt(S, index);
-                       if (first < 0xD800 || first > 0xDBFF) {
-                               return index + 1;
-                       }
-
-                       var second = $charCodeAt(S, index + 1);
-                       if (second < 0xDC00 || second > 0xDFFF) {
-                               return index + 1;
-                       }
-
-                       return index + 2;
-               };
-
-               var getArrayIterator = function getArrayIterator(arraylike) {
-                       var i = 0;
-                       return {
-                               next: function next() {
-                                       var done = i >= arraylike.length;
-                                       var value;
-                                       if (!done) {
-                                               value = arraylike[i];
-                                               i += 1;
-                                       }
-                                       return {
-                                               done: done,
-                                               value: value
-                                       };
-                               }
-                       };
-               };
-
-               var getNonCollectionIterator = function getNonCollectionIterator(iterable) {
-                       if (isArray(iterable) || isArguments$2(iterable)) {
-                               return getArrayIterator(iterable);
-                       }
-                       if (isString(iterable)) {
-                               var i = 0;
-                               return {
-                                       next: function next() {
-                                               var nextIndex = advanceStringIndex(iterable, i);
-                                               var value = $stringSlice(iterable, i, nextIndex);
-                                               i = nextIndex;
-                                               return {
-                                                       done: nextIndex > iterable.length,
-                                                       value: value
-                                               };
-                                       }
-                               };
-                       }
-               };
-
-               if (!$Map && !$Set) {
-                       // the only language iterables are Array, String, arguments
-                       // - Safari <= 6.0
-                       // - Chrome < 38
-                       // - node < 0.12
-                       // - FF < 13
-                       // - IE < 11
-                       // - Edge < 11
-
-                       module.exports = getNonCollectionIterator;
-               } else {
-                       // either Map or Set are available, but Symbol is not
-                       // - es6-shim on an ES5 browser
-                       // - Safari 6.2 (maybe 6.1?)
-                       // - FF v[13, 36)
-                       // - IE 11
-                       // - Edge 11
-                       // - Safari v[6, 9)
-
-                       var isMap = isMap$1;
-                       var isSet = isSet$1;
-
-                       // Firefox >= 27, IE 11, Safari 6.2 - 9, Edge 11, es6-shim in older envs, all have forEach
-                       var $mapForEach = callBound$1('Map.prototype.forEach', true);
-                       var $setForEach = callBound$1('Set.prototype.forEach', true);
-                       if (typeof process === 'undefined' || !process.versions || !process.versions.node) { // "if is not node"
-
-                               // Firefox 17 - 26 has `.iterator()`, whose iterator `.next()` either
-                               // returns a value, or throws a StopIteration object. These browsers
-                               // do not have any other mechanism for iteration.
-                               var $mapIterator = callBound$1('Map.prototype.iterator', true);
-                               var $setIterator = callBound$1('Set.prototype.iterator', true);
-                               var getStopIterationIterator = function (iterator) {
-                                       var done = false;
-                                       return {
-                                               next: function next() {
-                                                       try {
-                                                               return {
-                                                                       done: done,
-                                                                       value: done ? undefined : iterator.next()
-                                                               };
-                                                       } catch (e) {
-                                                               done = true;
-                                                               return {
-                                                                       done: true,
-                                                                       value: undefined
-                                                               };
-                                                       }
-                                               }
-                                       };
-                               };
-                       }
-                       // Firefox 27-35, and some older es6-shim versions, use a string "@@iterator" property
-                       // this returns a proper iterator object, so we should use it instead of forEach.
-                       // newer es6-shim versions use a string "_es6-shim iterator_" property.
-                       var $mapAtAtIterator = callBound$1('Map.prototype.@@iterator', true) || callBound$1('Map.prototype._es6-shim iterator_', true);
-                       var $setAtAtIterator = callBound$1('Set.prototype.@@iterator', true) || callBound$1('Set.prototype._es6-shim iterator_', true);
-
-                       var getCollectionIterator = function getCollectionIterator(iterable) {
-                               if (isMap(iterable)) {
-                                       if ($mapIterator) {
-                                               return getStopIterationIterator($mapIterator(iterable));
-                                       }
-                                       if ($mapAtAtIterator) {
-                                               return $mapAtAtIterator(iterable);
-                                       }
-                                       if ($mapForEach) {
-                                               var entries = [];
-                                               $mapForEach(iterable, function (v, k) {
-                                                       $arrayPush(entries, [k, v]);
-                                               });
-                                               return getArrayIterator(entries);
-                                       }
-                               }
-                               if (isSet(iterable)) {
-                                       if ($setIterator) {
-                                               return getStopIterationIterator($setIterator(iterable));
-                                       }
-                                       if ($setAtAtIterator) {
-                                               return $setAtAtIterator(iterable);
-                                       }
-                                       if ($setForEach) {
-                                               var values = [];
-                                               $setForEach(iterable, function (v) {
-                                                       $arrayPush(values, v);
-                                               });
-                                               return getArrayIterator(values);
-                                       }
-                               }
-                       };
-
-                       module.exports = function getIterator(iterable) {
-                               return getCollectionIterator(iterable) || getNonCollectionIterator(iterable);
-                       };
-               }
-       }
+
+
+
+
+       var min$6 = Math.min;
+       var $lastIndexOf = [].lastIndexOf;
+       var NEGATIVE_ZERO = !!$lastIndexOf && 1 / [1].lastIndexOf(1, -0) < 0;
+       var STRICT_METHOD$5 = arrayMethodIsStrict('lastIndexOf');
+       var FORCED$e = NEGATIVE_ZERO || !STRICT_METHOD$5;
+
+       // `Array.prototype.lastIndexOf` method implementation
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-array.prototype.lastindexof
+       var arrayLastIndexOf = FORCED$e ? function lastIndexOf(searchElement /* , fromIndex = @[*-1] */) {
+         // convert -0 to +0
+         if (NEGATIVE_ZERO) return $lastIndexOf.apply(this, arguments) || 0;
+         var O = toIndexedObject(this);
+         var length = toLength(O.length);
+         var index = length - 1;
+         if (arguments.length > 1) index = min$6(index, toInteger(arguments[1]));
+         if (index < 0) index = length + index;
+         for (;index >= 0; index--) if (index in O && O[index] === searchElement) return index || 0;
+         return -1;
+       } : $lastIndexOf;
+
+       var aTypedArray$a = arrayBufferViewCore.aTypedArray;
+       var exportTypedArrayMethod$b = arrayBufferViewCore.exportTypedArrayMethod;
+
+       // `%TypedArray%.prototype.lastIndexOf` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.lastindexof
+       // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars -- required for `.length`
+       exportTypedArrayMethod$b('lastIndexOf', function lastIndexOf(searchElement /* , fromIndex */) {
+         return arrayLastIndexOf.apply(aTypedArray$a(this), arguments);
        });
 
-       var $TypeError$c = TypeError;
-
-       // eslint-disable-next-line consistent-return
-       var iterateIterator = function iterateIterator(iterator) {
-               if (!iterator || typeof iterator.next !== 'function') {
-                       throw new $TypeError$c('iterator must be an object with a `next` method');
-               }
-               if (arguments.length > 1) {
-                       var callback = arguments[1];
-                       if (typeof callback !== 'function') {
-                               throw new $TypeError$c('`callback`, if provided, must be a function');
-                       }
-               }
-               var values = callback || [];
-               var result;
-               while ((result = iterator.next()) && !result.done) {
-                       if (callback) {
-                               callback(result.value); // eslint-disable-line callback-return
-                       } else {
-                               values.push(result.value);
-                       }
-               }
-               if (!callback) {
-                       return values;
-               }
-       };
+       var $map = arrayIteration.map;
 
-       var $TypeError$d = TypeError;
 
+       var aTypedArray$9 = arrayBufferViewCore.aTypedArray;
+       var aTypedArrayConstructor$1 = arrayBufferViewCore.aTypedArrayConstructor;
+       var exportTypedArrayMethod$a = arrayBufferViewCore.exportTypedArrayMethod;
 
-       var iterateValue = function iterateValue(iterable) {
-               var iterator = esGetIterator(iterable);
-               if (!iterator) {
-                       throw new $TypeError$d('non-iterable value provided');
-               }
-               if (arguments.length > 1) {
-                       return iterateIterator(iterator, arguments[1]);
-               }
-               return iterateIterator(iterator);
-       };
+       // `%TypedArray%.prototype.map` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.map
+       exportTypedArrayMethod$a('map', function map(mapfn /* , thisArg */) {
+         return $map(aTypedArray$9(this), mapfn, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined, function (O, length) {
+           return new (aTypedArrayConstructor$1(speciesConstructor(O, O.constructor)))(length);
+         });
+       });
 
-       var implementation$5 = function from(items) {
-               var C = this;
-               if (items === null || typeof items === 'undefined') {
-                       throw new TypeError('`Array.from` requires an array-like object, not `null` or `undefined`');
-               }
-               var mapFn, T;
-               if (typeof arguments[1] !== 'undefined') {
-                       mapFn = arguments[1];
-                       if (!IsCallable(mapFn)) {
-                               throw new TypeError('When provided, the second argument to `Array.from` must be a function');
-                       }
-                       if (arguments.length > 2) {
-                               T = arguments[2];
-                       }
-               }
-
-               var values;
-               try {
-                       values = iterateValue(items);
-               } catch (e) {
-                       values = items;
-               }
-
-               var arrayLike = ToObject(values);
-               var len = ToLength(arrayLike.length);
-               var A = IsConstructor(C) ? ToObject(new C(len)) : new Array(len);
-               var k = 0;
-               var kValue, mappedValue;
-
-               while (k < len) {
-                       var Pk = ToString(k);
-                       kValue = Get(arrayLike, Pk);
-                       if (mapFn) {
-                               mappedValue = typeof T === 'undefined' ? mapFn(kValue, k) : Call(mapFn, T, [kValue, k]);
-                       } else {
-                               mappedValue = kValue;
-                       }
-                       CreateDataPropertyOrThrow(A, Pk, mappedValue);
-                       k += 1;
-               }
-               A.length = len;
-               return A;
+       // `Array.prototype.{ reduce, reduceRight }` methods implementation
+       var createMethod$3 = function (IS_RIGHT) {
+         return function (that, callbackfn, argumentsLength, memo) {
+           aFunction(callbackfn);
+           var O = toObject(that);
+           var self = indexedObject(O);
+           var length = toLength(O.length);
+           var index = IS_RIGHT ? length - 1 : 0;
+           var i = IS_RIGHT ? -1 : 1;
+           if (argumentsLength < 2) while (true) {
+             if (index in self) {
+               memo = self[index];
+               index += i;
+               break;
+             }
+             index += i;
+             if (IS_RIGHT ? index < 0 : length <= index) {
+               throw TypeError('Reduce of empty array with no initial value');
+             }
+           }
+           for (;IS_RIGHT ? index >= 0 : length > index; index += i) if (index in self) {
+             memo = callbackfn(memo, self[index], index, O);
+           }
+           return memo;
+         };
        };
 
-       var tryCall = function (fn) {
-               try {
-                       return fn();
-               } catch (e) {
-                       return false;
-               }
+       var arrayReduce = {
+         // `Array.prototype.reduce` method
+         // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-array.prototype.reduce
+         left: createMethod$3(false),
+         // `Array.prototype.reduceRight` method
+         // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-array.prototype.reduceright
+         right: createMethod$3(true)
        };
 
-       var polyfill$8 = function getPolyfill() {
-               if (IsCallable(Array.from)) {
-                       var handlesUndefMapper = tryCall(function () {
-                               // Microsoft Edge v0.11 throws if the mapFn argument is *provided* but undefined,
-                               // but the spec doesn't care if it's provided or not - undefined doesn't throw.
-                               return Array.from([0], undefined);
-                       });
-                       if (!handlesUndefMapper) {
-                               var origArrayFrom = Array.from;
-                               return function from(items) {
-                                       /* eslint no-invalid-this: 0 */
-                                       if (arguments.length > 1 && typeof arguments[1] !== 'undefined') {
-                                               return Call(origArrayFrom, this, arguments);
-                                       } else {
-                                               return Call(origArrayFrom, this, [items]);
-                                       }
-                               };
-                       }
-                       var implemented = tryCall(function () {
-                               // Detects a Firefox bug in v32
-                               // https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1063993
-                               return Array.from({ 'length': -1 }) === 0;
-                       })
-                       && tryCall(function () {
-                               // Detects a bug in Webkit nightly r181886
-                               var arr = Array.from([0].entries());
-                               return arr.length === 1 && IsArray(arr[0]) && arr[0][0] === 0 && arr[0][1] === 0;
-                       })
-                       && tryCall(function () {
-                               return Array.from({ 'length': -Infinity });
-                       });
-                       if (implemented) {
-                               return Array.from;
-                       }
-               }
-
-               return implementation$5;
-       };
+       var $reduce$1 = arrayReduce.left;
 
-       var shim$a = function shimArrayFrom() {
-               var polyfill = polyfill$8();
+       var aTypedArray$8 = arrayBufferViewCore.aTypedArray;
+       var exportTypedArrayMethod$9 = arrayBufferViewCore.exportTypedArrayMethod;
 
-               defineProperties_1(Array, { 'from': polyfill }, {
-                       'from': function () {
-                               return Array.from !== polyfill;
-                       }
-               });
+       // `%TypedArray%.prototype.reduce` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.reduce
+       exportTypedArrayMethod$9('reduce', function reduce(callbackfn /* , initialValue */) {
+         return $reduce$1(aTypedArray$8(this), callbackfn, arguments.length, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);
+       });
 
-               return polyfill;
-       };
+       var $reduceRight = arrayReduce.right;
 
-       var polyfill$9 = polyfill$8();
+       var aTypedArray$7 = arrayBufferViewCore.aTypedArray;
+       var exportTypedArrayMethod$8 = arrayBufferViewCore.exportTypedArrayMethod;
 
-       // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars
-       var boundFromShim = function from(items) {
-               // eslint-disable-next-line no-invalid-this
-               return polyfill$9.apply(this || Array, arguments);
-       };
+       // `%TypedArray%.prototype.reduceRicht` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.reduceright
+       exportTypedArrayMethod$8('reduceRight', function reduceRight(callbackfn /* , initialValue */) {
+         return $reduceRight(aTypedArray$7(this), callbackfn, arguments.length, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);
+       });
+
+       var aTypedArray$6 = arrayBufferViewCore.aTypedArray;
+       var exportTypedArrayMethod$7 = arrayBufferViewCore.exportTypedArrayMethod;
+       var floor$5 = Math.floor;
+
+       // `%TypedArray%.prototype.reverse` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.reverse
+       exportTypedArrayMethod$7('reverse', function reverse() {
+         var that = this;
+         var length = aTypedArray$6(that).length;
+         var middle = floor$5(length / 2);
+         var index = 0;
+         var value;
+         while (index < middle) {
+           value = that[index];
+           that[index++] = that[--length];
+           that[length] = value;
+         } return that;
+       });
 
-       defineProperties_1(boundFromShim, {
-               'getPolyfill': polyfill$8,
-               'implementation': implementation$5,
-               'shim': shim$a
+       var aTypedArray$5 = arrayBufferViewCore.aTypedArray;
+       var exportTypedArrayMethod$6 = arrayBufferViewCore.exportTypedArrayMethod;
+
+       var FORCED$d = fails(function () {
+         // eslint-disable-next-line es/no-typed-arrays -- required for testing
+         new Int8Array(1).set({});
+       });
+
+       // `%TypedArray%.prototype.set` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.set
+       exportTypedArrayMethod$6('set', function set(arrayLike /* , offset */) {
+         aTypedArray$5(this);
+         var offset = toOffset(arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined, 1);
+         var length = this.length;
+         var src = toObject(arrayLike);
+         var len = toLength(src.length);
+         var index = 0;
+         if (len + offset > length) throw RangeError('Wrong length');
+         while (index < len) this[offset + index] = src[index++];
+       }, FORCED$d);
+
+       var aTypedArray$4 = arrayBufferViewCore.aTypedArray;
+       var aTypedArrayConstructor = arrayBufferViewCore.aTypedArrayConstructor;
+       var exportTypedArrayMethod$5 = arrayBufferViewCore.exportTypedArrayMethod;
+       var $slice$1 = [].slice;
+
+       var FORCED$c = fails(function () {
+         // eslint-disable-next-line es/no-typed-arrays -- required for testing
+         new Int8Array(1).slice();
        });
 
-       var array_from = boundFromShim;
+       // `%TypedArray%.prototype.slice` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.slice
+       exportTypedArrayMethod$5('slice', function slice(start, end) {
+         var list = $slice$1.call(aTypedArray$4(this), start, end);
+         var C = speciesConstructor(this, this.constructor);
+         var index = 0;
+         var length = list.length;
+         var result = new (aTypedArrayConstructor(C))(length);
+         while (length > index) result[index] = list[index++];
+         return result;
+       }, FORCED$c);
+
+       var $some$1 = arrayIteration.some;
+
+       var aTypedArray$3 = arrayBufferViewCore.aTypedArray;
+       var exportTypedArrayMethod$4 = arrayBufferViewCore.exportTypedArrayMethod;
 
-       var $isEnumerable$2 = callBound('Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable');
+       // `%TypedArray%.prototype.some` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.some
+       exportTypedArrayMethod$4('some', function some(callbackfn /* , thisArg */) {
+         return $some$1(aTypedArray$3(this), callbackfn, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);
+       });
+
+       // TODO: use something more complex like timsort?
+       var floor$4 = Math.floor;
 
-       var implementation$6 = function values(O) {
-               var obj = RequireObjectCoercible(O);
-               var vals = [];
-               for (var key in obj) {
-                       if (src(obj, key) && $isEnumerable$2(obj, key)) {
-                               vals.push(obj[key]);
-                       }
-               }
-               return vals;
+       var mergeSort = function (array, comparefn) {
+         var length = array.length;
+         var middle = floor$4(length / 2);
+         return length < 8 ? insertionSort(array, comparefn) : merge$5(
+           mergeSort(array.slice(0, middle), comparefn),
+           mergeSort(array.slice(middle), comparefn),
+           comparefn
+         );
        };
 
-       var polyfill$a = function getPolyfill() {
-               return typeof Object.values === 'function' ? Object.values : implementation$6;
+       var insertionSort = function (array, comparefn) {
+         var length = array.length;
+         var i = 1;
+         var element, j;
+
+         while (i < length) {
+           j = i;
+           element = array[i];
+           while (j && comparefn(array[j - 1], element) > 0) {
+             array[j] = array[--j];
+           }
+           if (j !== i++) array[j] = element;
+         } return array;
        };
 
-       var shim$b = function shimValues() {
-               var polyfill = polyfill$a();
-               defineProperties_1(Object, { values: polyfill }, {
-                       values: function testValues() {
-                               return Object.values !== polyfill;
-                       }
-               });
-               return polyfill;
+       var merge$5 = function (left, right, comparefn) {
+         var llength = left.length;
+         var rlength = right.length;
+         var lindex = 0;
+         var rindex = 0;
+         var result = [];
+
+         while (lindex < llength || rindex < rlength) {
+           if (lindex < llength && rindex < rlength) {
+             result.push(comparefn(left[lindex], right[rindex]) <= 0 ? left[lindex++] : right[rindex++]);
+           } else {
+             result.push(lindex < llength ? left[lindex++] : right[rindex++]);
+           }
+         } return result;
        };
 
-       var polyfill$b = polyfill$a();
+       var arraySort = mergeSort;
 
-       defineProperties_1(polyfill$b, {
-               getPolyfill: polyfill$a,
-               implementation: implementation$6,
-               shim: shim$b
+       var firefox = engineUserAgent.match(/firefox\/(\d+)/i);
+
+       var engineFfVersion = !!firefox && +firefox[1];
+
+       var engineIsIeOrEdge = /MSIE|Trident/.test(engineUserAgent);
+
+       var webkit = engineUserAgent.match(/AppleWebKit\/(\d+)\./);
+
+       var engineWebkitVersion = !!webkit && +webkit[1];
+
+       var aTypedArray$2 = arrayBufferViewCore.aTypedArray;
+       var exportTypedArrayMethod$3 = arrayBufferViewCore.exportTypedArrayMethod;
+       var Uint16Array = global$2.Uint16Array;
+       var nativeSort$1 = Uint16Array && Uint16Array.prototype.sort;
+
+       // WebKit
+       var ACCEPT_INCORRECT_ARGUMENTS = !!nativeSort$1 && !fails(function () {
+         var array = new Uint16Array(2);
+         array.sort(null);
+         array.sort({});
        });
 
-       var object_values = polyfill$b;
+       var STABLE_SORT$1 = !!nativeSort$1 && !fails(function () {
+         // feature detection can be too slow, so check engines versions
+         if (engineV8Version) return engineV8Version < 74;
+         if (engineFfVersion) return engineFfVersion < 67;
+         if (engineIsIeOrEdge) return true;
+         if (engineWebkitVersion) return engineWebkitVersion < 602;
 
-       // modified from https://github.com/es-shims/es6-shim
+         var array = new Uint16Array(516);
+         var expected = Array(516);
+         var index, mod;
 
+         for (index = 0; index < 516; index++) {
+           mod = index % 4;
+           array[index] = 515 - index;
+           expected[index] = index - 2 * mod + 3;
+         }
 
-       var canBeObject = function (obj) {
-               return typeof obj !== 'undefined' && obj !== null;
-       };
-       var hasSymbols$5 = shams();
-       var toObject = Object;
-       var push = functionBind.call(Function.call, Array.prototype.push);
-       var propIsEnumerable = functionBind.call(Function.call, Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable);
-       var originalGetSymbols = hasSymbols$5 ? Object.getOwnPropertySymbols : null;
-
-       var implementation$7 = function assign(target, source1) {
-               if (!canBeObject(target)) { throw new TypeError('target must be an object'); }
-               var objTarget = toObject(target);
-               var s, source, i, props, syms, value, key;
-               for (s = 1; s < arguments.length; ++s) {
-                       source = toObject(arguments[s]);
-                       props = objectKeys(source);
-                       var getSymbols = hasSymbols$5 && (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols || originalGetSymbols);
-                       if (getSymbols) {
-                               syms = getSymbols(source);
-                               for (i = 0; i < syms.length; ++i) {
-                                       key = syms[i];
-                                       if (propIsEnumerable(source, key)) {
-                                               push(props, key);
-                                       }
-                               }
-                       }
-                       for (i = 0; i < props.length; ++i) {
-                               key = props[i];
-                               value = source[key];
-                               if (propIsEnumerable(source, key)) {
-                                       objTarget[key] = value;
-                               }
-                       }
-               }
-               return objTarget;
-       };
+         array.sort(function (a, b) {
+           return (a / 4 | 0) - (b / 4 | 0);
+         });
 
-       var lacksProperEnumerationOrder = function () {
-               if (!Object.assign) {
-                       return false;
-               }
-               // v8, specifically in node 4.x, has a bug with incorrect property enumeration order
-               // note: this does not detect the bug unless there's 20 characters
-               var str = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrst';
-               var letters = str.split('');
-               var map = {};
-               for (var i = 0; i < letters.length; ++i) {
-                       map[letters[i]] = letters[i];
-               }
-               var obj = Object.assign({}, map);
-               var actual = '';
-               for (var k in obj) {
-                       actual += k;
-               }
-               return str !== actual;
-       };
+         for (index = 0; index < 516; index++) {
+           if (array[index] !== expected[index]) return true;
+         }
+       });
 
-       var assignHasPendingExceptions = function () {
-               if (!Object.assign || !Object.preventExtensions) {
-                       return false;
-               }
-               // Firefox 37 still has "pending exception" logic in its Object.assign implementation,
-               // which is 72% slower than our shim, and Firefox 40's native implementation.
-               var thrower = Object.preventExtensions({ 1: 2 });
-               try {
-                       Object.assign(thrower, 'xy');
-               } catch (e) {
-                       return thrower[1] === 'y';
-               }
-               return false;
+       var getSortCompare$1 = function (comparefn) {
+         return function (x, y) {
+           if (comparefn !== undefined) return +comparefn(x, y) || 0;
+           // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare -- NaN check
+           if (y !== y) return -1;
+           // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare -- NaN check
+           if (x !== x) return 1;
+           if (x === 0 && y === 0) return 1 / x > 0 && 1 / y < 0 ? 1 : -1;
+           return x > y;
+         };
        };
 
-       var polyfill$c = function getPolyfill() {
-               if (!Object.assign) {
-                       return implementation$7;
-               }
-               if (lacksProperEnumerationOrder()) {
-                       return implementation$7;
-               }
-               if (assignHasPendingExceptions()) {
-                       return implementation$7;
-               }
-               return Object.assign;
-       };
+       // `%TypedArray%.prototype.sort` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.sort
+       exportTypedArrayMethod$3('sort', function sort(comparefn) {
+         var array = this;
+         if (comparefn !== undefined) aFunction(comparefn);
+         if (STABLE_SORT$1) return nativeSort$1.call(array, comparefn);
 
-       var shim$c = function shimAssign() {
-               var polyfill = polyfill$c();
-               defineProperties_1(
-                       Object,
-                       { assign: polyfill },
-                       { assign: function () { return Object.assign !== polyfill; } }
-               );
-               return polyfill;
-       };
+         aTypedArray$2(array);
+         var arrayLength = toLength(array.length);
+         var items = Array(arrayLength);
+         var index;
 
-       var polyfill$d = polyfill$c();
+         for (index = 0; index < arrayLength; index++) {
+           items[index] = array[index];
+         }
 
-       defineProperties_1(polyfill$d, {
-               getPolyfill: polyfill$c,
-               implementation: implementation$7,
-               shim: shim$c
-       });
+         items = arraySort(array, getSortCompare$1(comparefn));
 
-       var object_assign = polyfill$d;
+         for (index = 0; index < arrayLength; index++) {
+           array[index] = items[index];
+         }
 
-       /**
-        * @this {Promise}
-        */
-       function finallyConstructor(callback) {
-         var constructor = this.constructor;
-         return this.then(
-           function(value) {
-             // @ts-ignore
-             return constructor.resolve(callback()).then(function() {
-               return value;
-             });
-           },
-           function(reason) {
-             // @ts-ignore
-             return constructor.resolve(callback()).then(function() {
-               // @ts-ignore
-               return constructor.reject(reason);
-             });
-           }
+         return array;
+       }, !STABLE_SORT$1 || ACCEPT_INCORRECT_ARGUMENTS);
+
+       var aTypedArray$1 = arrayBufferViewCore.aTypedArray;
+       var exportTypedArrayMethod$2 = arrayBufferViewCore.exportTypedArrayMethod;
+
+       // `%TypedArray%.prototype.subarray` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.subarray
+       exportTypedArrayMethod$2('subarray', function subarray(begin, end) {
+         var O = aTypedArray$1(this);
+         var length = O.length;
+         var beginIndex = toAbsoluteIndex(begin, length);
+         return new (speciesConstructor(O, O.constructor))(
+           O.buffer,
+           O.byteOffset + beginIndex * O.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT,
+           toLength((end === undefined ? length : toAbsoluteIndex(end, length)) - beginIndex)
          );
-       }
+       });
 
-       // Store setTimeout reference so promise-polyfill will be unaffected by
-       // other code modifying setTimeout (like sinon.useFakeTimers())
-       var setTimeoutFunc = setTimeout;
+       var Int8Array$1 = global$2.Int8Array;
+       var aTypedArray = arrayBufferViewCore.aTypedArray;
+       var exportTypedArrayMethod$1 = arrayBufferViewCore.exportTypedArrayMethod;
+       var $toLocaleString = [].toLocaleString;
+       var $slice = [].slice;
 
-       function isArray$4(x) {
-         return Boolean(x && typeof x.length !== 'undefined');
-       }
+       // iOS Safari 6.x fails here
+       var TO_LOCALE_STRING_BUG = !!Int8Array$1 && fails(function () {
+         $toLocaleString.call(new Int8Array$1(1));
+       });
+
+       var FORCED$b = fails(function () {
+         return [1, 2].toLocaleString() != new Int8Array$1([1, 2]).toLocaleString();
+       }) || !fails(function () {
+         Int8Array$1.prototype.toLocaleString.call([1, 2]);
+       });
+
+       // `%TypedArray%.prototype.toLocaleString` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.tolocalestring
+       exportTypedArrayMethod$1('toLocaleString', function toLocaleString() {
+         return $toLocaleString.apply(TO_LOCALE_STRING_BUG ? $slice.call(aTypedArray(this)) : aTypedArray(this), arguments);
+       }, FORCED$b);
+
+       var exportTypedArrayMethod = arrayBufferViewCore.exportTypedArrayMethod;
 
-       function noop$1() {}
 
-       // Polyfill for Function.prototype.bind
-       function bind$2(fn, thisArg) {
-         return function() {
-           fn.apply(thisArg, arguments);
+
+       var Uint8Array$1 = global$2.Uint8Array;
+       var Uint8ArrayPrototype = Uint8Array$1 && Uint8Array$1.prototype || {};
+       var arrayToString = [].toString;
+       var arrayJoin = [].join;
+
+       if (fails(function () { arrayToString.call({}); })) {
+         arrayToString = function toString() {
+           return arrayJoin.call(this);
          };
        }
 
-       /**
-        * @constructor
-        * @param {Function} fn
-        */
-       function Promise$1(fn) {
-         if (!(this instanceof Promise$1))
-           throw new TypeError('Promises must be constructed via new');
-         if (typeof fn !== 'function') throw new TypeError('not a function');
-         /** @type {!number} */
-         this._state = 0;
-         /** @type {!boolean} */
-         this._handled = false;
-         /** @type {Promise|undefined} */
-         this._value = undefined;
-         /** @type {!Array<!Function>} */
-         this._deferreds = [];
-
-         doResolve(fn, this);
-       }
-
-       function handle(self, deferred) {
-         while (self._state === 3) {
-           self = self._value;
-         }
-         if (self._state === 0) {
-           self._deferreds.push(deferred);
-           return;
+       var IS_NOT_ARRAY_METHOD = Uint8ArrayPrototype.toString != arrayToString;
+
+       // `%TypedArray%.prototype.toString` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-%typedarray%.prototype.tostring
+       exportTypedArrayMethod('toString', arrayToString, IS_NOT_ARRAY_METHOD);
+
+       var nativeJoin = [].join;
+
+       var ES3_STRINGS = indexedObject != Object;
+       var STRICT_METHOD$4 = arrayMethodIsStrict('join', ',');
+
+       // `Array.prototype.join` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-array.prototype.join
+       _export({ target: 'Array', proto: true, forced: ES3_STRINGS || !STRICT_METHOD$4 }, {
+         join: function join(separator) {
+           return nativeJoin.call(toIndexedObject(this), separator === undefined ? ',' : separator);
          }
-         self._handled = true;
-         Promise$1._immediateFn(function() {
-           var cb = self._state === 1 ? deferred.onFulfilled : deferred.onRejected;
-           if (cb === null) {
-             (self._state === 1 ? resolve : reject)(deferred.promise, self._value);
-             return;
+       });
+
+       var createProperty = function (object, key, value) {
+         var propertyKey = toPrimitive(key);
+         if (propertyKey in object) objectDefineProperty.f(object, propertyKey, createPropertyDescriptor(0, value));
+         else object[propertyKey] = value;
+       };
+
+       var HAS_SPECIES_SUPPORT$2 = arrayMethodHasSpeciesSupport('slice');
+
+       var SPECIES$1 = wellKnownSymbol('species');
+       var nativeSlice = [].slice;
+       var max$3 = Math.max;
+
+       // `Array.prototype.slice` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-array.prototype.slice
+       // fallback for not array-like ES3 strings and DOM objects
+       _export({ target: 'Array', proto: true, forced: !HAS_SPECIES_SUPPORT$2 }, {
+         slice: function slice(start, end) {
+           var O = toIndexedObject(this);
+           var length = toLength(O.length);
+           var k = toAbsoluteIndex(start, length);
+           var fin = toAbsoluteIndex(end === undefined ? length : end, length);
+           // inline `ArraySpeciesCreate` for usage native `Array#slice` where it's possible
+           var Constructor, result, n;
+           if (isArray(O)) {
+             Constructor = O.constructor;
+             // cross-realm fallback
+             if (typeof Constructor == 'function' && (Constructor === Array || isArray(Constructor.prototype))) {
+               Constructor = undefined;
+             } else if (isObject$4(Constructor)) {
+               Constructor = Constructor[SPECIES$1];
+               if (Constructor === null) Constructor = undefined;
+             }
+             if (Constructor === Array || Constructor === undefined) {
+               return nativeSlice.call(O, k, fin);
+             }
+           }
+           result = new (Constructor === undefined ? Array : Constructor)(max$3(fin - k, 0));
+           for (n = 0; k < fin; k++, n++) if (k in O) createProperty(result, n, O[k]);
+           result.length = n;
+           return result;
+         }
+       });
+
+       var ITERATOR$1 = wellKnownSymbol('iterator');
+
+       var nativeUrl = !fails(function () {
+         var url = new URL('b?a=1&b=2&c=3', 'http://a');
+         var searchParams = url.searchParams;
+         var result = '';
+         url.pathname = 'c%20d';
+         searchParams.forEach(function (value, key) {
+           searchParams['delete']('b');
+           result += key + value;
+         });
+         return (isPure && !url.toJSON)
+           || !searchParams.sort
+           || url.href !== 'http://a/c%20d?a=1&c=3'
+           || searchParams.get('c') !== '3'
+           || String(new URLSearchParams('?a=1')) !== 'a=1'
+           || !searchParams[ITERATOR$1]
+           // throws in Edge
+           || new URL('https://a@b').username !== 'a'
+           || new URLSearchParams(new URLSearchParams('a=b')).get('a') !== 'b'
+           // not punycoded in Edge
+           || new URL('http://тест').host !== 'xn--e1aybc'
+           // not escaped in Chrome 62-
+           || new URL('http://a#б').hash !== '#%D0%B1'
+           // fails in Chrome 66-
+           || result !== 'a1c3'
+           // throws in Safari
+           || new URL('http://x', undefined).host !== 'x';
+       });
+
+       // eslint-disable-next-line es/no-object-assign -- safe
+       var $assign = Object.assign;
+       // eslint-disable-next-line es/no-object-defineproperty -- required for testing
+       var defineProperty$4 = Object.defineProperty;
+
+       // `Object.assign` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-object.assign
+       var objectAssign = !$assign || fails(function () {
+         // should have correct order of operations (Edge bug)
+         if (descriptors && $assign({ b: 1 }, $assign(defineProperty$4({}, 'a', {
+           enumerable: true,
+           get: function () {
+             defineProperty$4(this, 'b', {
+               value: 3,
+               enumerable: false
+             });
            }
-           var ret;
-           try {
-             ret = cb(self._value);
-           } catch (e) {
-             reject(deferred.promise, e);
-             return;
+         }), { b: 2 })).b !== 1) return true;
+         // should work with symbols and should have deterministic property order (V8 bug)
+         var A = {};
+         var B = {};
+         // eslint-disable-next-line es/no-symbol -- safe
+         var symbol = Symbol();
+         var alphabet = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrst';
+         A[symbol] = 7;
+         alphabet.split('').forEach(function (chr) { B[chr] = chr; });
+         return $assign({}, A)[symbol] != 7 || objectKeys($assign({}, B)).join('') != alphabet;
+       }) ? function assign(target, source) { // eslint-disable-line no-unused-vars -- required for `.length`
+         var T = toObject(target);
+         var argumentsLength = arguments.length;
+         var index = 1;
+         var getOwnPropertySymbols = objectGetOwnPropertySymbols.f;
+         var propertyIsEnumerable = objectPropertyIsEnumerable.f;
+         while (argumentsLength > index) {
+           var S = indexedObject(arguments[index++]);
+           var keys = getOwnPropertySymbols ? objectKeys(S).concat(getOwnPropertySymbols(S)) : objectKeys(S);
+           var length = keys.length;
+           var j = 0;
+           var key;
+           while (length > j) {
+             key = keys[j++];
+             if (!descriptors || propertyIsEnumerable.call(S, key)) T[key] = S[key];
            }
-           resolve(deferred.promise, ret);
-         });
-       }
+         } return T;
+       } : $assign;
 
-       function resolve(self, newValue) {
+       // call something on iterator step with safe closing on error
+       var callWithSafeIterationClosing = function (iterator, fn, value, ENTRIES) {
          try {
-           // Promise Resolution Procedure: https://github.com/promises-aplus/promises-spec#the-promise-resolution-procedure
-           if (newValue === self)
-             throw new TypeError('A promise cannot be resolved with itself.');
-           if (
-             newValue &&
-             (typeof newValue === 'object' || typeof newValue === 'function')
-           ) {
-             var then = newValue.then;
-             if (newValue instanceof Promise$1) {
-               self._state = 3;
-               self._value = newValue;
-               finale(self);
-               return;
-             } else if (typeof then === 'function') {
-               doResolve(bind$2(then, newValue), self);
-               return;
-             }
+           return ENTRIES ? fn(anObject(value)[0], value[1]) : fn(value);
+         } catch (error) {
+           iteratorClose(iterator);
+           throw error;
+         }
+       };
+
+       // `Array.from` method implementation
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-array.from
+       var arrayFrom = function from(arrayLike /* , mapfn = undefined, thisArg = undefined */) {
+         var O = toObject(arrayLike);
+         var C = typeof this == 'function' ? this : Array;
+         var argumentsLength = arguments.length;
+         var mapfn = argumentsLength > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined;
+         var mapping = mapfn !== undefined;
+         var iteratorMethod = getIteratorMethod(O);
+         var index = 0;
+         var length, result, step, iterator, next, value;
+         if (mapping) mapfn = functionBindContext(mapfn, argumentsLength > 2 ? arguments[2] : undefined, 2);
+         // if the target is not iterable or it's an array with the default iterator - use a simple case
+         if (iteratorMethod != undefined && !(C == Array && isArrayIteratorMethod(iteratorMethod))) {
+           iterator = iteratorMethod.call(O);
+           next = iterator.next;
+           result = new C();
+           for (;!(step = next.call(iterator)).done; index++) {
+             value = mapping ? callWithSafeIterationClosing(iterator, mapfn, [step.value, index], true) : step.value;
+             createProperty(result, index, value);
+           }
+         } else {
+           length = toLength(O.length);
+           result = new C(length);
+           for (;length > index; index++) {
+             value = mapping ? mapfn(O[index], index) : O[index];
+             createProperty(result, index, value);
            }
-           self._state = 1;
-           self._value = newValue;
-           finale(self);
-         } catch (e) {
-           reject(self, e);
          }
-       }
+         result.length = index;
+         return result;
+       };
 
-       function reject(self, newValue) {
-         self._state = 2;
-         self._value = newValue;
-         finale(self);
-       }
+       // based on https://github.com/bestiejs/punycode.js/blob/master/punycode.js
+       var maxInt = 2147483647; // aka. 0x7FFFFFFF or 2^31-1
+       var base = 36;
+       var tMin = 1;
+       var tMax = 26;
+       var skew = 38;
+       var damp = 700;
+       var initialBias = 72;
+       var initialN = 128; // 0x80
+       var delimiter = '-'; // '\x2D'
+       var regexNonASCII = /[^\0-\u007E]/; // non-ASCII chars
+       var regexSeparators = /[.\u3002\uFF0E\uFF61]/g; // RFC 3490 separators
+       var OVERFLOW_ERROR = 'Overflow: input needs wider integers to process';
+       var baseMinusTMin = base - tMin;
+       var floor$3 = Math.floor;
+       var stringFromCharCode = String.fromCharCode;
 
-       function finale(self) {
-         if (self._state === 2 && self._deferreds.length === 0) {
-           Promise$1._immediateFn(function() {
-             if (!self._handled) {
-               Promise$1._unhandledRejectionFn(self._value);
+       /**
+        * Creates an array containing the numeric code points of each Unicode
+        * character in the string. While JavaScript uses UCS-2 internally,
+        * this function will convert a pair of surrogate halves (each of which
+        * UCS-2 exposes as separate characters) into a single code point,
+        * matching UTF-16.
+        */
+       var ucs2decode = function (string) {
+         var output = [];
+         var counter = 0;
+         var length = string.length;
+         while (counter < length) {
+           var value = string.charCodeAt(counter++);
+           if (value >= 0xD800 && value <= 0xDBFF && counter < length) {
+             // It's a high surrogate, and there is a next character.
+             var extra = string.charCodeAt(counter++);
+             if ((extra & 0xFC00) == 0xDC00) { // Low surrogate.
+               output.push(((value & 0x3FF) << 10) + (extra & 0x3FF) + 0x10000);
+             } else {
+               // It's an unmatched surrogate; only append this code unit, in case the
+               // next code unit is the high surrogate of a surrogate pair.
+               output.push(value);
+               counter--;
              }
-           });
-         }
-
-         for (var i = 0, len = self._deferreds.length; i < len; i++) {
-           handle(self, self._deferreds[i]);
+           } else {
+             output.push(value);
+           }
          }
-         self._deferreds = null;
-       }
+         return output;
+       };
 
        /**
-        * @constructor
+        * Converts a digit/integer into a basic code point.
         */
-       function Handler(onFulfilled, onRejected, promise) {
-         this.onFulfilled = typeof onFulfilled === 'function' ? onFulfilled : null;
-         this.onRejected = typeof onRejected === 'function' ? onRejected : null;
-         this.promise = promise;
-       }
+       var digitToBasic = function (digit) {
+         //  0..25 map to ASCII a..z or A..Z
+         // 26..35 map to ASCII 0..9
+         return digit + 22 + 75 * (digit < 26);
+       };
 
        /**
-        * Take a potentially misbehaving resolver function and make sure
-        * onFulfilled and onRejected are only called once.
-        *
-        * Makes no guarantees about asynchrony.
+        * Bias adaptation function as per section 3.4 of RFC 3492.
+        * https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3492#section-3.4
         */
-       function doResolve(fn, self) {
-         var done = false;
-         try {
-           fn(
-             function(value) {
-               if (done) return;
-               done = true;
-               resolve(self, value);
-             },
-             function(reason) {
-               if (done) return;
-               done = true;
-               reject(self, reason);
-             }
-           );
-         } catch (ex) {
-           if (done) return;
-           done = true;
-           reject(self, ex);
+       var adapt = function (delta, numPoints, firstTime) {
+         var k = 0;
+         delta = firstTime ? floor$3(delta / damp) : delta >> 1;
+         delta += floor$3(delta / numPoints);
+         for (; delta > baseMinusTMin * tMax >> 1; k += base) {
+           delta = floor$3(delta / baseMinusTMin);
          }
-       }
-
-       Promise$1.prototype['catch'] = function(onRejected) {
-         return this.then(null, onRejected);
+         return floor$3(k + (baseMinusTMin + 1) * delta / (delta + skew));
        };
 
-       Promise$1.prototype.then = function(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
-         // @ts-ignore
-         var prom = new this.constructor(noop$1);
+       /**
+        * Converts a string of Unicode symbols (e.g. a domain name label) to a
+        * Punycode string of ASCII-only symbols.
+        */
+       // eslint-disable-next-line max-statements -- TODO
+       var encode = function (input) {
+         var output = [];
 
-         handle(this, new Handler(onFulfilled, onRejected, prom));
-         return prom;
-       };
+         // Convert the input in UCS-2 to an array of Unicode code points.
+         input = ucs2decode(input);
+
+         // Cache the length.
+         var inputLength = input.length;
 
-       Promise$1.prototype['finally'] = finallyConstructor;
+         // Initialize the state.
+         var n = initialN;
+         var delta = 0;
+         var bias = initialBias;
+         var i, currentValue;
 
-       Promise$1.all = function(arr) {
-         return new Promise$1(function(resolve, reject) {
-           if (!isArray$4(arr)) {
-             return reject(new TypeError('Promise.all accepts an array'));
+         // Handle the basic code points.
+         for (i = 0; i < input.length; i++) {
+           currentValue = input[i];
+           if (currentValue < 0x80) {
+             output.push(stringFromCharCode(currentValue));
            }
+         }
 
-           var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arr);
-           if (args.length === 0) return resolve([]);
-           var remaining = args.length;
+         var basicLength = output.length; // number of basic code points.
+         var handledCPCount = basicLength; // number of code points that have been handled;
 
-           function res(i, val) {
-             try {
-               if (val && (typeof val === 'object' || typeof val === 'function')) {
-                 var then = val.then;
-                 if (typeof then === 'function') {
-                   then.call(
-                     val,
-                     function(val) {
-                       res(i, val);
-                     },
-                     reject
-                   );
-                   return;
-                 }
-               }
-               args[i] = val;
-               if (--remaining === 0) {
-                 resolve(args);
-               }
-             } catch (ex) {
-               reject(ex);
+         // Finish the basic string with a delimiter unless it's empty.
+         if (basicLength) {
+           output.push(delimiter);
+         }
+
+         // Main encoding loop:
+         while (handledCPCount < inputLength) {
+           // All non-basic code points < n have been handled already. Find the next larger one:
+           var m = maxInt;
+           for (i = 0; i < input.length; i++) {
+             currentValue = input[i];
+             if (currentValue >= n && currentValue < m) {
+               m = currentValue;
              }
            }
 
-           for (var i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
-             res(i, args[i]);
+           // Increase `delta` enough to advance the decoder's <n,i> state to <m,0>, but guard against overflow.
+           var handledCPCountPlusOne = handledCPCount + 1;
+           if (m - n > floor$3((maxInt - delta) / handledCPCountPlusOne)) {
+             throw RangeError(OVERFLOW_ERROR);
            }
-         });
-       };
-
-       Promise$1.resolve = function(value) {
-         if (value && typeof value === 'object' && value.constructor === Promise$1) {
-           return value;
-         }
 
-         return new Promise$1(function(resolve) {
-           resolve(value);
-         });
-       };
+           delta += (m - n) * handledCPCountPlusOne;
+           n = m;
 
-       Promise$1.reject = function(value) {
-         return new Promise$1(function(resolve, reject) {
-           reject(value);
-         });
-       };
+           for (i = 0; i < input.length; i++) {
+             currentValue = input[i];
+             if (currentValue < n && ++delta > maxInt) {
+               throw RangeError(OVERFLOW_ERROR);
+             }
+             if (currentValue == n) {
+               // Represent delta as a generalized variable-length integer.
+               var q = delta;
+               for (var k = base; /* no condition */; k += base) {
+                 var t = k <= bias ? tMin : (k >= bias + tMax ? tMax : k - bias);
+                 if (q < t) break;
+                 var qMinusT = q - t;
+                 var baseMinusT = base - t;
+                 output.push(stringFromCharCode(digitToBasic(t + qMinusT % baseMinusT)));
+                 q = floor$3(qMinusT / baseMinusT);
+               }
 
-       Promise$1.race = function(arr) {
-         return new Promise$1(function(resolve, reject) {
-           if (!isArray$4(arr)) {
-             return reject(new TypeError('Promise.race accepts an array'));
+               output.push(stringFromCharCode(digitToBasic(q)));
+               bias = adapt(delta, handledCPCountPlusOne, handledCPCount == basicLength);
+               delta = 0;
+               ++handledCPCount;
+             }
            }
 
-           for (var i = 0, len = arr.length; i < len; i++) {
-             Promise$1.resolve(arr[i]).then(resolve, reject);
-           }
-         });
+           ++delta;
+           ++n;
+         }
+         return output.join('');
        };
 
-       // Use polyfill for setImmediate for performance gains
-       Promise$1._immediateFn =
-         // @ts-ignore
-         (typeof setImmediate === 'function' &&
-           function(fn) {
-             // @ts-ignore
-             setImmediate(fn);
-           }) ||
-         function(fn) {
-           setTimeoutFunc(fn, 0);
-         };
-
-       Promise$1._unhandledRejectionFn = function _unhandledRejectionFn(err) {
-         if (typeof console !== 'undefined' && console) {
-           console.warn('Possible Unhandled Promise Rejection:', err); // eslint-disable-line no-console
+       var stringPunycodeToAscii = function (input) {
+         var encoded = [];
+         var labels = input.toLowerCase().replace(regexSeparators, '\u002E').split('.');
+         var i, label;
+         for (i = 0; i < labels.length; i++) {
+           label = labels[i];
+           encoded.push(regexNonASCII.test(label) ? 'xn--' + encode(label) : label);
          }
+         return encoded.join('.');
        };
 
-       /** @suppress {undefinedVars} */
-       var globalNS = (function() {
-         // the only reliable means to get the global object is
-         // `Function('return this')()`
-         // However, this causes CSP violations in Chrome apps.
-         if (typeof self !== 'undefined') {
-           return self;
-         }
-         if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {
-           return window;
-         }
-         if (typeof global !== 'undefined') {
-           return global;
-         }
-         throw new Error('unable to locate global object');
-       })();
+       var getIterator = function (it) {
+         var iteratorMethod = getIteratorMethod(it);
+         if (typeof iteratorMethod != 'function') {
+           throw TypeError(String(it) + ' is not iterable');
+         } return anObject(iteratorMethod.call(it));
+       };
 
-       if (!('Promise' in globalNS)) {
-         globalNS['Promise'] = Promise$1;
-       } else if (!globalNS.Promise.prototype['finally']) {
-         globalNS.Promise.prototype['finally'] = finallyConstructor;
-       }
+       // TODO: in core-js@4, move /modules/ dependencies to public entries for better optimization by tools like `preset-env`
 
-       var polyfill$e = /*#__PURE__*/Object.freeze({
-               __proto__: null
-       });
 
-       var setAsap = createCommonjsModule(function (module) {
-       (function (thisVar, undefined$1) {
-               var main = (typeof window === 'object' && window) || (typeof commonjsGlobal === 'object' && commonjsGlobal) ||
-                       typeof self === 'object' && self || thisVar;
-
-               var hasSetImmediate = typeof setImmediate === 'function';
-               var hasNextTick = typeof process === 'object' && !!process && typeof process.nextTick === 'function';
-               var index = 0;
-
-               function getNewIndex() {
-                       if (index === 9007199254740991) {
-                               return 0;
-                       }
-                       return ++index;
-               }
-
-               var setAsap = (function () {
-                       var hiddenDiv, scriptEl, timeoutFn, callbacks;
-
-                       // Modern browsers, fastest async
-                       if (main.MutationObserver) {
-                               return function setAsap(callback) {
-                                       hiddenDiv = document.createElement("div");
-                                       (new MutationObserver(function() {
-                                               callback();
-                                               hiddenDiv = null;
-                                       })).observe(hiddenDiv, { attributes: true });
-                                       hiddenDiv.setAttribute('i', '1');
-                               };
-
-                       // Browsers that support postMessage
-                       } else if (!hasSetImmediate && main.postMessage && !main.importScripts && main.addEventListener) {
-
-                               var MESSAGE_PREFIX = "com.setImmediate" + Math.random();
-                               callbacks = {};
-
-                               var onGlobalMessage = function (event) {
-                                       if (event.source === main && event.data.indexOf(MESSAGE_PREFIX) === 0) {
-                                               var i = +event.data.split(':')[1];
-                                               callbacks[i]();
-                                               delete callbacks[i];
-                                       }
-                               };
-
-                               main.addEventListener("message", onGlobalMessage, false);
-
-                               return function setAsap(callback) {
-                                       var i = getNewIndex();
-                                       callbacks[i] = callback;
-                                       main.postMessage(MESSAGE_PREFIX + ':' + i, "*");
-                               };
-
-                               // IE browsers without postMessage
-                       } else if (!hasSetImmediate && main.document && 'onreadystatechange' in document.createElement('script')) {
-
-                               return function setAsap(callback) {
-                                       scriptEl = document.createElement("script");
-                                       scriptEl.onreadystatechange = function onreadystatechange() {
-                                               scriptEl.onreadystatechange = null;
-                                               scriptEl.parentNode.removeChild(scriptEl);
-                                               scriptEl = null;
-                                               callback();
-                                       };
-                                       document.body.appendChild(scriptEl);
-                               };
-
-                       // All other browsers and node
-                       } else {
-
-                               timeoutFn = (hasSetImmediate && setImmediate) || (hasNextTick && process.nextTick) || setTimeout;
-                               return function setAsap(callback) {
-                                       timeoutFn(callback);
-                               };
-                       }
-
-               })();
-
-               if ( module.exports) {
-                       module.exports = setAsap;
-               } else if (typeof commonjsRequire !== 'undefined' && commonjsRequire.amd) {
-                       undefined$1(function () {
-                               return setAsap;
-                       });
-               } else {
-                       main.setAsap = setAsap;
-               }
-       })(commonjsGlobal);
-       });
 
-       var performanceNow = createCommonjsModule(function (module) {
-       // Generated by CoffeeScript 1.12.2
-       (function() {
-         var getNanoSeconds, hrtime, loadTime, moduleLoadTime, nodeLoadTime, upTime;
 
-         if ((typeof performance !== "undefined" && performance !== null) && performance.now) {
-           module.exports = function() {
-             return performance.now();
-           };
-         } else if ((typeof process !== "undefined" && process !== null) && process.hrtime) {
-           module.exports = function() {
-             return (getNanoSeconds() - nodeLoadTime) / 1e6;
-           };
-           hrtime = process.hrtime;
-           getNanoSeconds = function() {
-             var hr;
-             hr = hrtime();
-             return hr[0] * 1e9 + hr[1];
-           };
-           moduleLoadTime = getNanoSeconds();
-           upTime = process.uptime() * 1e9;
-           nodeLoadTime = moduleLoadTime - upTime;
-         } else if (Date.now) {
-           module.exports = function() {
-             return Date.now() - loadTime;
-           };
-           loadTime = Date.now();
-         } else {
-           module.exports = function() {
-             return new Date().getTime() - loadTime;
-           };
-           loadTime = new Date().getTime();
-         }
 
-       }).call(commonjsGlobal);
 
 
-       });
 
-       var root = typeof window === 'undefined' ? commonjsGlobal : window
-         , vendors = ['moz', 'webkit']
-         , suffix = 'AnimationFrame'
-         , raf = root['request' + suffix]
-         , caf = root['cancel' + suffix] || root['cancelRequest' + suffix];
-
-       for(var i = 0; !raf && i < vendors.length; i++) {
-         raf = root[vendors[i] + 'Request' + suffix];
-         caf = root[vendors[i] + 'Cancel' + suffix]
-             || root[vendors[i] + 'CancelRequest' + suffix];
-       }
-
-       // Some versions of FF have rAF but not cAF
-       if(!raf || !caf) {
-         var last = 0
-           , id$2 = 0
-           , queue = []
-           , frameDuration = 1000 / 60;
-
-         raf = function(callback) {
-           if(queue.length === 0) {
-             var _now = performanceNow()
-               , next = Math.max(0, frameDuration - (_now - last));
-             last = next + _now;
-             setTimeout(function() {
-               var cp = queue.slice(0);
-               // Clear queue here to prevent
-               // callbacks from appending listeners
-               // to the current frame's queue
-               queue.length = 0;
-               for(var i = 0; i < cp.length; i++) {
-                 if(!cp[i].cancelled) {
-                   try{
-                     cp[i].callback(last);
-                   } catch(e) {
-                     setTimeout(function() { throw e }, 0);
-                   }
-                 }
-               }
-             }, Math.round(next));
-           }
-           queue.push({
-             handle: ++id$2,
-             callback: callback,
-             cancelled: false
-           });
-           return id$2
-         };
 
-         caf = function(handle) {
-           for(var i = 0; i < queue.length; i++) {
-             if(queue[i].handle === handle) {
-               queue[i].cancelled = true;
-             }
-           }
-         };
-       }
 
-       var raf_1 = function(fn) {
-         // Wrap in a new function to prevent
-         // `cancel` potentially being assigned
-         // to the native rAF function
-         return raf.call(root, fn)
-       };
-       var cancel = function() {
-         caf.apply(root, arguments);
-       };
-       var polyfill$f = function(object) {
-         if (!object) {
-           object = root;
-         }
-         object.requestAnimationFrame = raf;
-         object.cancelAnimationFrame = caf;
-       };
-       raf_1.cancel = cancel;
-       raf_1.polyfill = polyfill$f;
 
-       var global$1 = (function(self) {
-         return self
-         // eslint-disable-next-line no-invalid-this
-       })(typeof self !== 'undefined' ? self : undefined);
-       var support = {
-         searchParams: 'URLSearchParams' in global$1,
-         iterable: 'Symbol' in global$1 && 'iterator' in Symbol,
-         blob:
-           'FileReader' in global$1 &&
-           'Blob' in global$1 &&
-           (function() {
-             try {
-               new Blob();
-               return true
-             } catch (e) {
-               return false
-             }
-           })(),
-         formData: 'FormData' in global$1,
-         arrayBuffer: 'ArrayBuffer' in global$1
-       };
 
-       function isDataView(obj) {
-         return obj && DataView.prototype.isPrototypeOf(obj)
-       }
 
-       if (support.arrayBuffer) {
-         var viewClasses = [
-           '[object Int8Array]',
-           '[object Uint8Array]',
-           '[object Uint8ClampedArray]',
-           '[object Int16Array]',
-           '[object Uint16Array]',
-           '[object Int32Array]',
-           '[object Uint32Array]',
-           '[object Float32Array]',
-           '[object Float64Array]'
-         ];
 
-         var isArrayBufferView =
-           ArrayBuffer.isView ||
-           function(obj) {
-             return obj && viewClasses.indexOf(Object.prototype.toString.call(obj)) > -1
-           };
-       }
 
-       function normalizeName(name) {
-         if (typeof name !== 'string') {
-           name = String(name);
-         }
-         if (/[^a-z0-9\-#$%&'*+.^_`|~!]/i.test(name) || name === '') {
-           throw new TypeError('Invalid character in header field name')
-         }
-         return name.toLowerCase()
-       }
 
-       function normalizeValue(value) {
-         if (typeof value !== 'string') {
-           value = String(value);
-         }
-         return value
-       }
 
-       // Build a destructive iterator for the value list
-       function iteratorFor(items) {
-         var iterator = {
-           next: function() {
-             var value = items.shift();
-             return {done: value === undefined, value: value}
-           }
-         };
 
-         if (support.iterable) {
-           iterator[Symbol.iterator] = function() {
-             return iterator
-           };
-         }
 
-         return iterator
-       }
 
-       function Headers(headers) {
-         this.map = {};
 
-         if (headers instanceof Headers) {
-           headers.forEach(function(value, name) {
-             this.append(name, value);
-           }, this);
-         } else if (Array.isArray(headers)) {
-           headers.forEach(function(header) {
-             this.append(header[0], header[1]);
-           }, this);
-         } else if (headers) {
-           Object.getOwnPropertyNames(headers).forEach(function(name) {
-             this.append(name, headers[name]);
-           }, this);
-         }
-       }
+       var $fetch = getBuiltIn('fetch');
+       var Headers$1 = getBuiltIn('Headers');
+       var ITERATOR = wellKnownSymbol('iterator');
+       var URL_SEARCH_PARAMS = 'URLSearchParams';
+       var URL_SEARCH_PARAMS_ITERATOR = URL_SEARCH_PARAMS + 'Iterator';
+       var setInternalState$2 = internalState.set;
+       var getInternalParamsState = internalState.getterFor(URL_SEARCH_PARAMS);
+       var getInternalIteratorState = internalState.getterFor(URL_SEARCH_PARAMS_ITERATOR);
 
-       Headers.prototype.append = function(name, value) {
-         name = normalizeName(name);
-         value = normalizeValue(value);
-         var oldValue = this.map[name];
-         this.map[name] = oldValue ? oldValue + ', ' + value : value;
+       var plus = /\+/g;
+       var sequences = Array(4);
+
+       var percentSequence = function (bytes) {
+         return sequences[bytes - 1] || (sequences[bytes - 1] = RegExp('((?:%[\\da-f]{2}){' + bytes + '})', 'gi'));
        };
 
-       Headers.prototype['delete'] = function(name) {
-         delete this.map[normalizeName(name)];
+       var percentDecode = function (sequence) {
+         try {
+           return decodeURIComponent(sequence);
+         } catch (error) {
+           return sequence;
+         }
        };
 
-       Headers.prototype.get = function(name) {
-         name = normalizeName(name);
-         return this.has(name) ? this.map[name] : null
+       var deserialize = function (it) {
+         var result = it.replace(plus, ' ');
+         var bytes = 4;
+         try {
+           return decodeURIComponent(result);
+         } catch (error) {
+           while (bytes) {
+             result = result.replace(percentSequence(bytes--), percentDecode);
+           }
+           return result;
+         }
        };
 
-       Headers.prototype.has = function(name) {
-         return this.map.hasOwnProperty(normalizeName(name))
+       var find$1 = /[!'()~]|%20/g;
+
+       var replace$1 = {
+         '!': '%21',
+         "'": '%27',
+         '(': '%28',
+         ')': '%29',
+         '~': '%7E',
+         '%20': '+'
        };
 
-       Headers.prototype.set = function(name, value) {
-         this.map[normalizeName(name)] = normalizeValue(value);
+       var replacer = function (match) {
+         return replace$1[match];
        };
 
-       Headers.prototype.forEach = function(callback, thisArg) {
-         for (var name in this.map) {
-           if (this.map.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
-             callback.call(thisArg, this.map[name], name, this);
+       var serialize = function (it) {
+         return encodeURIComponent(it).replace(find$1, replacer);
+       };
+
+       var parseSearchParams = function (result, query) {
+         if (query) {
+           var attributes = query.split('&');
+           var index = 0;
+           var attribute, entry;
+           while (index < attributes.length) {
+             attribute = attributes[index++];
+             if (attribute.length) {
+               entry = attribute.split('=');
+               result.push({
+                 key: deserialize(entry.shift()),
+                 value: deserialize(entry.join('='))
+               });
+             }
            }
          }
        };
 
-       Headers.prototype.keys = function() {
-         var items = [];
-         this.forEach(function(value, name) {
-           items.push(name);
-         });
-         return iteratorFor(items)
+       var updateSearchParams = function (query) {
+         this.entries.length = 0;
+         parseSearchParams(this.entries, query);
        };
 
-       Headers.prototype.values = function() {
-         var items = [];
-         this.forEach(function(value) {
-           items.push(value);
-         });
-         return iteratorFor(items)
+       var validateArgumentsLength = function (passed, required) {
+         if (passed < required) throw TypeError('Not enough arguments');
        };
 
-       Headers.prototype.entries = function() {
-         var items = [];
-         this.forEach(function(value, name) {
-           items.push([name, value]);
+       var URLSearchParamsIterator = createIteratorConstructor(function Iterator(params, kind) {
+         setInternalState$2(this, {
+           type: URL_SEARCH_PARAMS_ITERATOR,
+           iterator: getIterator(getInternalParamsState(params).entries),
+           kind: kind
          });
-         return iteratorFor(items)
+       }, 'Iterator', function next() {
+         var state = getInternalIteratorState(this);
+         var kind = state.kind;
+         var step = state.iterator.next();
+         var entry = step.value;
+         if (!step.done) {
+           step.value = kind === 'keys' ? entry.key : kind === 'values' ? entry.value : [entry.key, entry.value];
+         } return step;
+       });
+
+       // `URLSearchParams` constructor
+       // https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#interface-urlsearchparams
+       var URLSearchParamsConstructor = function URLSearchParams(/* init */) {
+         anInstance(this, URLSearchParamsConstructor, URL_SEARCH_PARAMS);
+         var init = arguments.length > 0 ? arguments[0] : undefined;
+         var that = this;
+         var entries = [];
+         var iteratorMethod, iterator, next, step, entryIterator, entryNext, first, second, key;
+
+         setInternalState$2(that, {
+           type: URL_SEARCH_PARAMS,
+           entries: entries,
+           updateURL: function () { /* empty */ },
+           updateSearchParams: updateSearchParams
+         });
+
+         if (init !== undefined) {
+           if (isObject$4(init)) {
+             iteratorMethod = getIteratorMethod(init);
+             if (typeof iteratorMethod === 'function') {
+               iterator = iteratorMethod.call(init);
+               next = iterator.next;
+               while (!(step = next.call(iterator)).done) {
+                 entryIterator = getIterator(anObject(step.value));
+                 entryNext = entryIterator.next;
+                 if (
+                   (first = entryNext.call(entryIterator)).done ||
+                   (second = entryNext.call(entryIterator)).done ||
+                   !entryNext.call(entryIterator).done
+                 ) throw TypeError('Expected sequence with length 2');
+                 entries.push({ key: first.value + '', value: second.value + '' });
+               }
+             } else for (key in init) if (has$1(init, key)) entries.push({ key: key, value: init[key] + '' });
+           } else {
+             parseSearchParams(entries, typeof init === 'string' ? init.charAt(0) === '?' ? init.slice(1) : init : init + '');
+           }
+         }
        };
 
-       if (support.iterable) {
-         Headers.prototype[Symbol.iterator] = Headers.prototype.entries;
-       }
+       var URLSearchParamsPrototype = URLSearchParamsConstructor.prototype;
 
-       function consumed(body) {
-         if (body.bodyUsed) {
-           return Promise.reject(new TypeError('Already read'))
+       redefineAll(URLSearchParamsPrototype, {
+         // `URLSearchParams.prototype.append` method
+         // https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-urlsearchparams-append
+         append: function append(name, value) {
+           validateArgumentsLength(arguments.length, 2);
+           var state = getInternalParamsState(this);
+           state.entries.push({ key: name + '', value: value + '' });
+           state.updateURL();
+         },
+         // `URLSearchParams.prototype.delete` method
+         // https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-urlsearchparams-delete
+         'delete': function (name) {
+           validateArgumentsLength(arguments.length, 1);
+           var state = getInternalParamsState(this);
+           var entries = state.entries;
+           var key = name + '';
+           var index = 0;
+           while (index < entries.length) {
+             if (entries[index].key === key) entries.splice(index, 1);
+             else index++;
+           }
+           state.updateURL();
+         },
+         // `URLSearchParams.prototype.get` method
+         // https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-urlsearchparams-get
+         get: function get(name) {
+           validateArgumentsLength(arguments.length, 1);
+           var entries = getInternalParamsState(this).entries;
+           var key = name + '';
+           var index = 0;
+           for (; index < entries.length; index++) {
+             if (entries[index].key === key) return entries[index].value;
+           }
+           return null;
+         },
+         // `URLSearchParams.prototype.getAll` method
+         // https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-urlsearchparams-getall
+         getAll: function getAll(name) {
+           validateArgumentsLength(arguments.length, 1);
+           var entries = getInternalParamsState(this).entries;
+           var key = name + '';
+           var result = [];
+           var index = 0;
+           for (; index < entries.length; index++) {
+             if (entries[index].key === key) result.push(entries[index].value);
+           }
+           return result;
+         },
+         // `URLSearchParams.prototype.has` method
+         // https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-urlsearchparams-has
+         has: function has(name) {
+           validateArgumentsLength(arguments.length, 1);
+           var entries = getInternalParamsState(this).entries;
+           var key = name + '';
+           var index = 0;
+           while (index < entries.length) {
+             if (entries[index++].key === key) return true;
+           }
+           return false;
+         },
+         // `URLSearchParams.prototype.set` method
+         // https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-urlsearchparams-set
+         set: function set(name, value) {
+           validateArgumentsLength(arguments.length, 1);
+           var state = getInternalParamsState(this);
+           var entries = state.entries;
+           var found = false;
+           var key = name + '';
+           var val = value + '';
+           var index = 0;
+           var entry;
+           for (; index < entries.length; index++) {
+             entry = entries[index];
+             if (entry.key === key) {
+               if (found) entries.splice(index--, 1);
+               else {
+                 found = true;
+                 entry.value = val;
+               }
+             }
+           }
+           if (!found) entries.push({ key: key, value: val });
+           state.updateURL();
+         },
+         // `URLSearchParams.prototype.sort` method
+         // https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-urlsearchparams-sort
+         sort: function sort() {
+           var state = getInternalParamsState(this);
+           var entries = state.entries;
+           // Array#sort is not stable in some engines
+           var slice = entries.slice();
+           var entry, entriesIndex, sliceIndex;
+           entries.length = 0;
+           for (sliceIndex = 0; sliceIndex < slice.length; sliceIndex++) {
+             entry = slice[sliceIndex];
+             for (entriesIndex = 0; entriesIndex < sliceIndex; entriesIndex++) {
+               if (entries[entriesIndex].key > entry.key) {
+                 entries.splice(entriesIndex, 0, entry);
+                 break;
+               }
+             }
+             if (entriesIndex === sliceIndex) entries.push(entry);
+           }
+           state.updateURL();
+         },
+         // `URLSearchParams.prototype.forEach` method
+         forEach: function forEach(callback /* , thisArg */) {
+           var entries = getInternalParamsState(this).entries;
+           var boundFunction = functionBindContext(callback, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined, 3);
+           var index = 0;
+           var entry;
+           while (index < entries.length) {
+             entry = entries[index++];
+             boundFunction(entry.value, entry.key, this);
+           }
+         },
+         // `URLSearchParams.prototype.keys` method
+         keys: function keys() {
+           return new URLSearchParamsIterator(this, 'keys');
+         },
+         // `URLSearchParams.prototype.values` method
+         values: function values() {
+           return new URLSearchParamsIterator(this, 'values');
+         },
+         // `URLSearchParams.prototype.entries` method
+         entries: function entries() {
+           return new URLSearchParamsIterator(this, 'entries');
          }
-         body.bodyUsed = true;
-       }
+       }, { enumerable: true });
 
-       function fileReaderReady(reader) {
-         return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
-           reader.onload = function() {
-             resolve(reader.result);
-           };
-           reader.onerror = function() {
-             reject(reader.error);
-           };
-         })
-       }
+       // `URLSearchParams.prototype[@@iterator]` method
+       redefine(URLSearchParamsPrototype, ITERATOR, URLSearchParamsPrototype.entries);
 
-       function readBlobAsArrayBuffer(blob) {
-         var reader = new FileReader();
-         var promise = fileReaderReady(reader);
-         reader.readAsArrayBuffer(blob);
-         return promise
-       }
+       // `URLSearchParams.prototype.toString` method
+       // https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#urlsearchparams-stringification-behavior
+       redefine(URLSearchParamsPrototype, 'toString', function toString() {
+         var entries = getInternalParamsState(this).entries;
+         var result = [];
+         var index = 0;
+         var entry;
+         while (index < entries.length) {
+           entry = entries[index++];
+           result.push(serialize(entry.key) + '=' + serialize(entry.value));
+         } return result.join('&');
+       }, { enumerable: true });
 
-       function readBlobAsText(blob) {
-         var reader = new FileReader();
-         var promise = fileReaderReady(reader);
-         reader.readAsText(blob);
-         return promise
-       }
+       setToStringTag(URLSearchParamsConstructor, URL_SEARCH_PARAMS);
 
-       function readArrayBufferAsText(buf) {
-         var view = new Uint8Array(buf);
-         var chars = new Array(view.length);
+       _export({ global: true, forced: !nativeUrl }, {
+         URLSearchParams: URLSearchParamsConstructor
+       });
 
-         for (var i = 0; i < view.length; i++) {
-           chars[i] = String.fromCharCode(view[i]);
-         }
-         return chars.join('')
+       // Wrap `fetch` for correct work with polyfilled `URLSearchParams`
+       // https://github.com/zloirock/core-js/issues/674
+       if (!nativeUrl && typeof $fetch == 'function' && typeof Headers$1 == 'function') {
+         _export({ global: true, enumerable: true, forced: true }, {
+           fetch: function fetch(input /* , init */) {
+             var args = [input];
+             var init, body, headers;
+             if (arguments.length > 1) {
+               init = arguments[1];
+               if (isObject$4(init)) {
+                 body = init.body;
+                 if (classof(body) === URL_SEARCH_PARAMS) {
+                   headers = init.headers ? new Headers$1(init.headers) : new Headers$1();
+                   if (!headers.has('content-type')) {
+                     headers.set('content-type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8');
+                   }
+                   init = objectCreate(init, {
+                     body: createPropertyDescriptor(0, String(body)),
+                     headers: createPropertyDescriptor(0, headers)
+                   });
+                 }
+               }
+               args.push(init);
+             } return $fetch.apply(this, args);
+           }
+         });
        }
 
-       function bufferClone(buf) {
-         if (buf.slice) {
-           return buf.slice(0)
-         } else {
-           var view = new Uint8Array(buf.byteLength);
-           view.set(new Uint8Array(buf));
-           return view.buffer
-         }
-       }
+       var web_urlSearchParams = {
+         URLSearchParams: URLSearchParamsConstructor,
+         getState: getInternalParamsState
+       };
 
-       function Body() {
-         this.bodyUsed = false;
+       // TODO: in core-js@4, move /modules/ dependencies to public entries for better optimization by tools like `preset-env`
 
-         this._initBody = function(body) {
-           /*
-             fetch-mock wraps the Response object in an ES6 Proxy to
-             provide useful test harness features such as flush. However, on
-             ES5 browsers without fetch or Proxy support pollyfills must be used;
-             the proxy-pollyfill is unable to proxy an attribute unless it exists
-             on the object before the Proxy is created. This change ensures
-             Response.bodyUsed exists on the instance, while maintaining the
-             semantic of setting Request.bodyUsed in the constructor before
-             _initBody is called.
-           */
-           this.bodyUsed = this.bodyUsed;
-           this._bodyInit = body;
-           if (!body) {
-             this._bodyText = '';
-           } else if (typeof body === 'string') {
-             this._bodyText = body;
-           } else if (support.blob && Blob.prototype.isPrototypeOf(body)) {
-             this._bodyBlob = body;
-           } else if (support.formData && FormData.prototype.isPrototypeOf(body)) {
-             this._bodyFormData = body;
-           } else if (support.searchParams && URLSearchParams.prototype.isPrototypeOf(body)) {
-             this._bodyText = body.toString();
-           } else if (support.arrayBuffer && support.blob && isDataView(body)) {
-             this._bodyArrayBuffer = bufferClone(body.buffer);
-             // IE 10-11 can't handle a DataView body.
-             this._bodyInit = new Blob([this._bodyArrayBuffer]);
-           } else if (support.arrayBuffer && (ArrayBuffer.prototype.isPrototypeOf(body) || isArrayBufferView(body))) {
-             this._bodyArrayBuffer = bufferClone(body);
-           } else {
-             this._bodyText = body = Object.prototype.toString.call(body);
-           }
 
-           if (!this.headers.get('content-type')) {
-             if (typeof body === 'string') {
-               this.headers.set('content-type', 'text/plain;charset=UTF-8');
-             } else if (this._bodyBlob && this._bodyBlob.type) {
-               this.headers.set('content-type', this._bodyBlob.type);
-             } else if (support.searchParams && URLSearchParams.prototype.isPrototypeOf(body)) {
-               this.headers.set('content-type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8');
-             }
-           }
-         };
 
-         if (support.blob) {
-           this.blob = function() {
-             var rejected = consumed(this);
-             if (rejected) {
-               return rejected
-             }
 
-             if (this._bodyBlob) {
-               return Promise.resolve(this._bodyBlob)
-             } else if (this._bodyArrayBuffer) {
-               return Promise.resolve(new Blob([this._bodyArrayBuffer]))
-             } else if (this._bodyFormData) {
-               throw new Error('could not read FormData body as blob')
-             } else {
-               return Promise.resolve(new Blob([this._bodyText]))
-             }
-           };
 
-           this.arrayBuffer = function() {
-             if (this._bodyArrayBuffer) {
-               return consumed(this) || Promise.resolve(this._bodyArrayBuffer)
-             } else {
-               return this.blob().then(readBlobAsArrayBuffer)
-             }
-           };
-         }
 
-         this.text = function() {
-           var rejected = consumed(this);
-           if (rejected) {
-             return rejected
-           }
 
-           if (this._bodyBlob) {
-             return readBlobAsText(this._bodyBlob)
-           } else if (this._bodyArrayBuffer) {
-             return Promise.resolve(readArrayBufferAsText(this._bodyArrayBuffer))
-           } else if (this._bodyFormData) {
-             throw new Error('could not read FormData body as text')
-           } else {
-             return Promise.resolve(this._bodyText)
-           }
-         };
 
-         if (support.formData) {
-           this.formData = function() {
-             return this.text().then(decode)
-           };
-         }
 
-         this.json = function() {
-           return this.text().then(JSON.parse)
-         };
 
-         return this
-       }
 
-       // HTTP methods whose capitalization should be normalized
-       var methods = ['DELETE', 'GET', 'HEAD', 'OPTIONS', 'POST', 'PUT'];
+       var codeAt = stringMultibyte.codeAt;
 
-       function normalizeMethod(method) {
-         var upcased = method.toUpperCase();
-         return methods.indexOf(upcased) > -1 ? upcased : method
-       }
 
-       function Request(input, options) {
-         options = options || {};
-         var body = options.body;
 
-         if (input instanceof Request) {
-           if (input.bodyUsed) {
-             throw new TypeError('Already read')
-           }
-           this.url = input.url;
-           this.credentials = input.credentials;
-           if (!options.headers) {
-             this.headers = new Headers(input.headers);
-           }
-           this.method = input.method;
-           this.mode = input.mode;
-           this.signal = input.signal;
-           if (!body && input._bodyInit != null) {
-             body = input._bodyInit;
-             input.bodyUsed = true;
+
+
+       var NativeURL = global$2.URL;
+       var URLSearchParams$1 = web_urlSearchParams.URLSearchParams;
+       var getInternalSearchParamsState = web_urlSearchParams.getState;
+       var setInternalState$1 = internalState.set;
+       var getInternalURLState = internalState.getterFor('URL');
+       var floor$2 = Math.floor;
+       var pow$1 = Math.pow;
+
+       var INVALID_AUTHORITY = 'Invalid authority';
+       var INVALID_SCHEME = 'Invalid scheme';
+       var INVALID_HOST = 'Invalid host';
+       var INVALID_PORT = 'Invalid port';
+
+       var ALPHA = /[A-Za-z]/;
+       // eslint-disable-next-line regexp/no-obscure-range -- safe
+       var ALPHANUMERIC = /[\d+-.A-Za-z]/;
+       var DIGIT = /\d/;
+       var HEX_START = /^0x/i;
+       var OCT = /^[0-7]+$/;
+       var DEC = /^\d+$/;
+       var HEX = /^[\dA-Fa-f]+$/;
+       /* eslint-disable no-control-regex -- safe */
+       var FORBIDDEN_HOST_CODE_POINT = /[\0\t\n\r #%/:<>?@[\\\]^|]/;
+       var FORBIDDEN_HOST_CODE_POINT_EXCLUDING_PERCENT = /[\0\t\n\r #/:<>?@[\\\]^|]/;
+       var LEADING_AND_TRAILING_C0_CONTROL_OR_SPACE = /^[\u0000-\u001F ]+|[\u0000-\u001F ]+$/g;
+       var TAB_AND_NEW_LINE = /[\t\n\r]/g;
+       /* eslint-enable no-control-regex -- safe */
+       var EOF;
+
+       var parseHost = function (url, input) {
+         var result, codePoints, index;
+         if (input.charAt(0) == '[') {
+           if (input.charAt(input.length - 1) != ']') return INVALID_HOST;
+           result = parseIPv6(input.slice(1, -1));
+           if (!result) return INVALID_HOST;
+           url.host = result;
+         // opaque host
+         } else if (!isSpecial(url)) {
+           if (FORBIDDEN_HOST_CODE_POINT_EXCLUDING_PERCENT.test(input)) return INVALID_HOST;
+           result = '';
+           codePoints = arrayFrom(input);
+           for (index = 0; index < codePoints.length; index++) {
+             result += percentEncode(codePoints[index], C0ControlPercentEncodeSet);
            }
+           url.host = result;
          } else {
-           this.url = String(input);
+           input = stringPunycodeToAscii(input);
+           if (FORBIDDEN_HOST_CODE_POINT.test(input)) return INVALID_HOST;
+           result = parseIPv4(input);
+           if (result === null) return INVALID_HOST;
+           url.host = result;
+         }
+       };
+
+       var parseIPv4 = function (input) {
+         var parts = input.split('.');
+         var partsLength, numbers, index, part, radix, number, ipv4;
+         if (parts.length && parts[parts.length - 1] == '') {
+           parts.pop();
+         }
+         partsLength = parts.length;
+         if (partsLength > 4) return input;
+         numbers = [];
+         for (index = 0; index < partsLength; index++) {
+           part = parts[index];
+           if (part == '') return input;
+           radix = 10;
+           if (part.length > 1 && part.charAt(0) == '0') {
+             radix = HEX_START.test(part) ? 16 : 8;
+             part = part.slice(radix == 8 ? 1 : 2);
+           }
+           if (part === '') {
+             number = 0;
+           } else {
+             if (!(radix == 10 ? DEC : radix == 8 ? OCT : HEX).test(part)) return input;
+             number = parseInt(part, radix);
+           }
+           numbers.push(number);
          }
-
-         this.credentials = options.credentials || this.credentials || 'same-origin';
-         if (options.headers || !this.headers) {
-           this.headers = new Headers(options.headers);
+         for (index = 0; index < partsLength; index++) {
+           number = numbers[index];
+           if (index == partsLength - 1) {
+             if (number >= pow$1(256, 5 - partsLength)) return null;
+           } else if (number > 255) return null;
          }
-         this.method = normalizeMethod(options.method || this.method || 'GET');
-         this.mode = options.mode || this.mode || null;
-         this.signal = options.signal || this.signal;
-         this.referrer = null;
-
-         if ((this.method === 'GET' || this.method === 'HEAD') && body) {
-           throw new TypeError('Body not allowed for GET or HEAD requests')
+         ipv4 = numbers.pop();
+         for (index = 0; index < numbers.length; index++) {
+           ipv4 += numbers[index] * pow$1(256, 3 - index);
          }
-         this._initBody(body);
+         return ipv4;
+       };
 
-         if (this.method === 'GET' || this.method === 'HEAD') {
-           if (options.cache === 'no-store' || options.cache === 'no-cache') {
-             // Search for a '_' parameter in the query string
-             var reParamSearch = /([?&])_=[^&]*/;
-             if (reParamSearch.test(this.url)) {
-               // If it already exists then set the value with the current time
-               this.url = this.url.replace(reParamSearch, '$1_=' + new Date().getTime());
+       // eslint-disable-next-line max-statements -- TODO
+       var parseIPv6 = function (input) {
+         var address = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0];
+         var pieceIndex = 0;
+         var compress = null;
+         var pointer = 0;
+         var value, length, numbersSeen, ipv4Piece, number, swaps, swap;
+
+         var char = function () {
+           return input.charAt(pointer);
+         };
+
+         if (char() == ':') {
+           if (input.charAt(1) != ':') return;
+           pointer += 2;
+           pieceIndex++;
+           compress = pieceIndex;
+         }
+         while (char()) {
+           if (pieceIndex == 8) return;
+           if (char() == ':') {
+             if (compress !== null) return;
+             pointer++;
+             pieceIndex++;
+             compress = pieceIndex;
+             continue;
+           }
+           value = length = 0;
+           while (length < 4 && HEX.test(char())) {
+             value = value * 16 + parseInt(char(), 16);
+             pointer++;
+             length++;
+           }
+           if (char() == '.') {
+             if (length == 0) return;
+             pointer -= length;
+             if (pieceIndex > 6) return;
+             numbersSeen = 0;
+             while (char()) {
+               ipv4Piece = null;
+               if (numbersSeen > 0) {
+                 if (char() == '.' && numbersSeen < 4) pointer++;
+                 else return;
+               }
+               if (!DIGIT.test(char())) return;
+               while (DIGIT.test(char())) {
+                 number = parseInt(char(), 10);
+                 if (ipv4Piece === null) ipv4Piece = number;
+                 else if (ipv4Piece == 0) return;
+                 else ipv4Piece = ipv4Piece * 10 + number;
+                 if (ipv4Piece > 255) return;
+                 pointer++;
+               }
+               address[pieceIndex] = address[pieceIndex] * 256 + ipv4Piece;
+               numbersSeen++;
+               if (numbersSeen == 2 || numbersSeen == 4) pieceIndex++;
+             }
+             if (numbersSeen != 4) return;
+             break;
+           } else if (char() == ':') {
+             pointer++;
+             if (!char()) return;
+           } else if (char()) return;
+           address[pieceIndex++] = value;
+         }
+         if (compress !== null) {
+           swaps = pieceIndex - compress;
+           pieceIndex = 7;
+           while (pieceIndex != 0 && swaps > 0) {
+             swap = address[pieceIndex];
+             address[pieceIndex--] = address[compress + swaps - 1];
+             address[compress + --swaps] = swap;
+           }
+         } else if (pieceIndex != 8) return;
+         return address;
+       };
+
+       var findLongestZeroSequence = function (ipv6) {
+         var maxIndex = null;
+         var maxLength = 1;
+         var currStart = null;
+         var currLength = 0;
+         var index = 0;
+         for (; index < 8; index++) {
+           if (ipv6[index] !== 0) {
+             if (currLength > maxLength) {
+               maxIndex = currStart;
+               maxLength = currLength;
+             }
+             currStart = null;
+             currLength = 0;
+           } else {
+             if (currStart === null) currStart = index;
+             ++currLength;
+           }
+         }
+         if (currLength > maxLength) {
+           maxIndex = currStart;
+           maxLength = currLength;
+         }
+         return maxIndex;
+       };
+
+       var serializeHost = function (host) {
+         var result, index, compress, ignore0;
+         // ipv4
+         if (typeof host == 'number') {
+           result = [];
+           for (index = 0; index < 4; index++) {
+             result.unshift(host % 256);
+             host = floor$2(host / 256);
+           } return result.join('.');
+         // ipv6
+         } else if (typeof host == 'object') {
+           result = '';
+           compress = findLongestZeroSequence(host);
+           for (index = 0; index < 8; index++) {
+             if (ignore0 && host[index] === 0) continue;
+             if (ignore0) ignore0 = false;
+             if (compress === index) {
+               result += index ? ':' : '::';
+               ignore0 = true;
              } else {
-               // Otherwise add a new '_' parameter to the end with the current time
-               var reQueryString = /\?/;
-               this.url += (reQueryString.test(this.url) ? '&' : '?') + '_=' + new Date().getTime();
+               result += host[index].toString(16);
+               if (index < 7) result += ':';
              }
            }
-         }
-       }
-
-       Request.prototype.clone = function() {
-         return new Request(this, {body: this._bodyInit})
+           return '[' + result + ']';
+         } return host;
        };
 
-       function decode(body) {
-         var form = new FormData();
-         body
-           .trim()
-           .split('&')
-           .forEach(function(bytes) {
-             if (bytes) {
-               var split = bytes.split('=');
-               var name = split.shift().replace(/\+/g, ' ');
-               var value = split.join('=').replace(/\+/g, ' ');
-               form.append(decodeURIComponent(name), decodeURIComponent(value));
-             }
-           });
-         return form
-       }
+       var C0ControlPercentEncodeSet = {};
+       var fragmentPercentEncodeSet = objectAssign({}, C0ControlPercentEncodeSet, {
+         ' ': 1, '"': 1, '<': 1, '>': 1, '`': 1
+       });
+       var pathPercentEncodeSet = objectAssign({}, fragmentPercentEncodeSet, {
+         '#': 1, '?': 1, '{': 1, '}': 1
+       });
+       var userinfoPercentEncodeSet = objectAssign({}, pathPercentEncodeSet, {
+         '/': 1, ':': 1, ';': 1, '=': 1, '@': 1, '[': 1, '\\': 1, ']': 1, '^': 1, '|': 1
+       });
 
-       function parseHeaders(rawHeaders) {
-         var headers = new Headers();
-         // Replace instances of \r\n and \n followed by at least one space or horizontal tab with a space
-         // https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-3.2
-         var preProcessedHeaders = rawHeaders.replace(/\r?\n[\t ]+/g, ' ');
-         preProcessedHeaders.split(/\r?\n/).forEach(function(line) {
-           var parts = line.split(':');
-           var key = parts.shift().trim();
-           if (key) {
-             var value = parts.join(':').trim();
-             headers.append(key, value);
-           }
-         });
-         return headers
-       }
+       var percentEncode = function (char, set) {
+         var code = codeAt(char, 0);
+         return code > 0x20 && code < 0x7F && !has$1(set, char) ? char : encodeURIComponent(char);
+       };
 
-       Body.call(Request.prototype);
+       var specialSchemes = {
+         ftp: 21,
+         file: null,
+         http: 80,
+         https: 443,
+         ws: 80,
+         wss: 443
+       };
 
-       function Response(bodyInit, options) {
-         if (!options) {
-           options = {};
-         }
+       var isSpecial = function (url) {
+         return has$1(specialSchemes, url.scheme);
+       };
 
-         this.type = 'default';
-         this.status = options.status === undefined ? 200 : options.status;
-         this.ok = this.status >= 200 && this.status < 300;
-         this.statusText = 'statusText' in options ? options.statusText : '';
-         this.headers = new Headers(options.headers);
-         this.url = options.url || '';
-         this._initBody(bodyInit);
-       }
+       var includesCredentials = function (url) {
+         return url.username != '' || url.password != '';
+       };
 
-       Body.call(Response.prototype);
+       var cannotHaveUsernamePasswordPort = function (url) {
+         return !url.host || url.cannotBeABaseURL || url.scheme == 'file';
+       };
 
-       Response.prototype.clone = function() {
-         return new Response(this._bodyInit, {
-           status: this.status,
-           statusText: this.statusText,
-           headers: new Headers(this.headers),
-           url: this.url
-         })
+       var isWindowsDriveLetter = function (string, normalized) {
+         var second;
+         return string.length == 2 && ALPHA.test(string.charAt(0))
+           && ((second = string.charAt(1)) == ':' || (!normalized && second == '|'));
        };
 
-       Response.error = function() {
-         var response = new Response(null, {status: 0, statusText: ''});
-         response.type = 'error';
-         return response
+       var startsWithWindowsDriveLetter = function (string) {
+         var third;
+         return string.length > 1 && isWindowsDriveLetter(string.slice(0, 2)) && (
+           string.length == 2 ||
+           ((third = string.charAt(2)) === '/' || third === '\\' || third === '?' || third === '#')
+         );
        };
 
-       var redirectStatuses = [301, 302, 303, 307, 308];
+       var shortenURLsPath = function (url) {
+         var path = url.path;
+         var pathSize = path.length;
+         if (pathSize && (url.scheme != 'file' || pathSize != 1 || !isWindowsDriveLetter(path[0], true))) {
+           path.pop();
+         }
+       };
+
+       var isSingleDot = function (segment) {
+         return segment === '.' || segment.toLowerCase() === '%2e';
+       };
+
+       var isDoubleDot = function (segment) {
+         segment = segment.toLowerCase();
+         return segment === '..' || segment === '%2e.' || segment === '.%2e' || segment === '%2e%2e';
+       };
+
+       // States:
+       var SCHEME_START = {};
+       var SCHEME = {};
+       var NO_SCHEME = {};
+       var SPECIAL_RELATIVE_OR_AUTHORITY = {};
+       var PATH_OR_AUTHORITY = {};
+       var RELATIVE = {};
+       var RELATIVE_SLASH = {};
+       var SPECIAL_AUTHORITY_SLASHES = {};
+       var SPECIAL_AUTHORITY_IGNORE_SLASHES = {};
+       var AUTHORITY = {};
+       var HOST = {};
+       var HOSTNAME = {};
+       var PORT = {};
+       var FILE = {};
+       var FILE_SLASH = {};
+       var FILE_HOST = {};
+       var PATH_START = {};
+       var PATH = {};
+       var CANNOT_BE_A_BASE_URL_PATH = {};
+       var QUERY = {};
+       var FRAGMENT = {};
+
+       // eslint-disable-next-line max-statements -- TODO
+       var parseURL = function (url, input, stateOverride, base) {
+         var state = stateOverride || SCHEME_START;
+         var pointer = 0;
+         var buffer = '';
+         var seenAt = false;
+         var seenBracket = false;
+         var seenPasswordToken = false;
+         var codePoints, char, bufferCodePoints, failure;
+
+         if (!stateOverride) {
+           url.scheme = '';
+           url.username = '';
+           url.password = '';
+           url.host = null;
+           url.port = null;
+           url.path = [];
+           url.query = null;
+           url.fragment = null;
+           url.cannotBeABaseURL = false;
+           input = input.replace(LEADING_AND_TRAILING_C0_CONTROL_OR_SPACE, '');
+         }
+
+         input = input.replace(TAB_AND_NEW_LINE, '');
+
+         codePoints = arrayFrom(input);
+
+         while (pointer <= codePoints.length) {
+           char = codePoints[pointer];
+           switch (state) {
+             case SCHEME_START:
+               if (char && ALPHA.test(char)) {
+                 buffer += char.toLowerCase();
+                 state = SCHEME;
+               } else if (!stateOverride) {
+                 state = NO_SCHEME;
+                 continue;
+               } else return INVALID_SCHEME;
+               break;
 
-       Response.redirect = function(url, status) {
-         if (redirectStatuses.indexOf(status) === -1) {
-           throw new RangeError('Invalid status code')
-         }
+             case SCHEME:
+               if (char && (ALPHANUMERIC.test(char) || char == '+' || char == '-' || char == '.')) {
+                 buffer += char.toLowerCase();
+               } else if (char == ':') {
+                 if (stateOverride && (
+                   (isSpecial(url) != has$1(specialSchemes, buffer)) ||
+                   (buffer == 'file' && (includesCredentials(url) || url.port !== null)) ||
+                   (url.scheme == 'file' && !url.host)
+                 )) return;
+                 url.scheme = buffer;
+                 if (stateOverride) {
+                   if (isSpecial(url) && specialSchemes[url.scheme] == url.port) url.port = null;
+                   return;
+                 }
+                 buffer = '';
+                 if (url.scheme == 'file') {
+                   state = FILE;
+                 } else if (isSpecial(url) && base && base.scheme == url.scheme) {
+                   state = SPECIAL_RELATIVE_OR_AUTHORITY;
+                 } else if (isSpecial(url)) {
+                   state = SPECIAL_AUTHORITY_SLASHES;
+                 } else if (codePoints[pointer + 1] == '/') {
+                   state = PATH_OR_AUTHORITY;
+                   pointer++;
+                 } else {
+                   url.cannotBeABaseURL = true;
+                   url.path.push('');
+                   state = CANNOT_BE_A_BASE_URL_PATH;
+                 }
+               } else if (!stateOverride) {
+                 buffer = '';
+                 state = NO_SCHEME;
+                 pointer = 0;
+                 continue;
+               } else return INVALID_SCHEME;
+               break;
 
-         return new Response(null, {status: status, headers: {location: url}})
-       };
+             case NO_SCHEME:
+               if (!base || (base.cannotBeABaseURL && char != '#')) return INVALID_SCHEME;
+               if (base.cannotBeABaseURL && char == '#') {
+                 url.scheme = base.scheme;
+                 url.path = base.path.slice();
+                 url.query = base.query;
+                 url.fragment = '';
+                 url.cannotBeABaseURL = true;
+                 state = FRAGMENT;
+                 break;
+               }
+               state = base.scheme == 'file' ? FILE : RELATIVE;
+               continue;
 
-       var DOMException$1 = global$1.DOMException;
+             case SPECIAL_RELATIVE_OR_AUTHORITY:
+               if (char == '/' && codePoints[pointer + 1] == '/') {
+                 state = SPECIAL_AUTHORITY_IGNORE_SLASHES;
+                 pointer++;
+               } else {
+                 state = RELATIVE;
+                 continue;
+               } break;
 
-       if (typeof DOMException$1 !== 'function') {
-         DOMException$1 = function(message, name) {
-           this.message = message;
-           this.name = name;
-           var error = Error(message);
-           this.stack = error.stack;
-         };
-         DOMException$1.prototype = Object.create(Error.prototype);
-         DOMException$1.prototype.constructor = DOMException$1;
-       }
+             case PATH_OR_AUTHORITY:
+               if (char == '/') {
+                 state = AUTHORITY;
+                 break;
+               } else {
+                 state = PATH;
+                 continue;
+               }
 
-       function fetch$1(input, init) {
-         return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
-           var request = new Request(input, init);
+             case RELATIVE:
+               url.scheme = base.scheme;
+               if (char == EOF) {
+                 url.username = base.username;
+                 url.password = base.password;
+                 url.host = base.host;
+                 url.port = base.port;
+                 url.path = base.path.slice();
+                 url.query = base.query;
+               } else if (char == '/' || (char == '\\' && isSpecial(url))) {
+                 state = RELATIVE_SLASH;
+               } else if (char == '?') {
+                 url.username = base.username;
+                 url.password = base.password;
+                 url.host = base.host;
+                 url.port = base.port;
+                 url.path = base.path.slice();
+                 url.query = '';
+                 state = QUERY;
+               } else if (char == '#') {
+                 url.username = base.username;
+                 url.password = base.password;
+                 url.host = base.host;
+                 url.port = base.port;
+                 url.path = base.path.slice();
+                 url.query = base.query;
+                 url.fragment = '';
+                 state = FRAGMENT;
+               } else {
+                 url.username = base.username;
+                 url.password = base.password;
+                 url.host = base.host;
+                 url.port = base.port;
+                 url.path = base.path.slice();
+                 url.path.pop();
+                 state = PATH;
+                 continue;
+               } break;
 
-           if (request.signal && request.signal.aborted) {
-             return reject(new DOMException$1('Aborted', 'AbortError'))
-           }
+             case RELATIVE_SLASH:
+               if (isSpecial(url) && (char == '/' || char == '\\')) {
+                 state = SPECIAL_AUTHORITY_IGNORE_SLASHES;
+               } else if (char == '/') {
+                 state = AUTHORITY;
+               } else {
+                 url.username = base.username;
+                 url.password = base.password;
+                 url.host = base.host;
+                 url.port = base.port;
+                 state = PATH;
+                 continue;
+               } break;
 
-           var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
+             case SPECIAL_AUTHORITY_SLASHES:
+               state = SPECIAL_AUTHORITY_IGNORE_SLASHES;
+               if (char != '/' || buffer.charAt(pointer + 1) != '/') continue;
+               pointer++;
+               break;
 
-           function abortXhr() {
-             xhr.abort();
-           }
+             case SPECIAL_AUTHORITY_IGNORE_SLASHES:
+               if (char != '/' && char != '\\') {
+                 state = AUTHORITY;
+                 continue;
+               } break;
+
+             case AUTHORITY:
+               if (char == '@') {
+                 if (seenAt) buffer = '%40' + buffer;
+                 seenAt = true;
+                 bufferCodePoints = arrayFrom(buffer);
+                 for (var i = 0; i < bufferCodePoints.length; i++) {
+                   var codePoint = bufferCodePoints[i];
+                   if (codePoint == ':' && !seenPasswordToken) {
+                     seenPasswordToken = true;
+                     continue;
+                   }
+                   var encodedCodePoints = percentEncode(codePoint, userinfoPercentEncodeSet);
+                   if (seenPasswordToken) url.password += encodedCodePoints;
+                   else url.username += encodedCodePoints;
+                 }
+                 buffer = '';
+               } else if (
+                 char == EOF || char == '/' || char == '?' || char == '#' ||
+                 (char == '\\' && isSpecial(url))
+               ) {
+                 if (seenAt && buffer == '') return INVALID_AUTHORITY;
+                 pointer -= arrayFrom(buffer).length + 1;
+                 buffer = '';
+                 state = HOST;
+               } else buffer += char;
+               break;
 
-           xhr.onload = function() {
-             var options = {
-               status: xhr.status,
-               statusText: xhr.statusText,
-               headers: parseHeaders(xhr.getAllResponseHeaders() || '')
-             };
-             options.url = 'responseURL' in xhr ? xhr.responseURL : options.headers.get('X-Request-URL');
-             var body = 'response' in xhr ? xhr.response : xhr.responseText;
-             setTimeout(function() {
-               resolve(new Response(body, options));
-             }, 0);
-           };
+             case HOST:
+             case HOSTNAME:
+               if (stateOverride && url.scheme == 'file') {
+                 state = FILE_HOST;
+                 continue;
+               } else if (char == ':' && !seenBracket) {
+                 if (buffer == '') return INVALID_HOST;
+                 failure = parseHost(url, buffer);
+                 if (failure) return failure;
+                 buffer = '';
+                 state = PORT;
+                 if (stateOverride == HOSTNAME) return;
+               } else if (
+                 char == EOF || char == '/' || char == '?' || char == '#' ||
+                 (char == '\\' && isSpecial(url))
+               ) {
+                 if (isSpecial(url) && buffer == '') return INVALID_HOST;
+                 if (stateOverride && buffer == '' && (includesCredentials(url) || url.port !== null)) return;
+                 failure = parseHost(url, buffer);
+                 if (failure) return failure;
+                 buffer = '';
+                 state = PATH_START;
+                 if (stateOverride) return;
+                 continue;
+               } else {
+                 if (char == '[') seenBracket = true;
+                 else if (char == ']') seenBracket = false;
+                 buffer += char;
+               } break;
+
+             case PORT:
+               if (DIGIT.test(char)) {
+                 buffer += char;
+               } else if (
+                 char == EOF || char == '/' || char == '?' || char == '#' ||
+                 (char == '\\' && isSpecial(url)) ||
+                 stateOverride
+               ) {
+                 if (buffer != '') {
+                   var port = parseInt(buffer, 10);
+                   if (port > 0xFFFF) return INVALID_PORT;
+                   url.port = (isSpecial(url) && port === specialSchemes[url.scheme]) ? null : port;
+                   buffer = '';
+                 }
+                 if (stateOverride) return;
+                 state = PATH_START;
+                 continue;
+               } else return INVALID_PORT;
+               break;
 
-           xhr.onerror = function() {
-             setTimeout(function() {
-               reject(new TypeError('Network request failed'));
-             }, 0);
-           };
+             case FILE:
+               url.scheme = 'file';
+               if (char == '/' || char == '\\') state = FILE_SLASH;
+               else if (base && base.scheme == 'file') {
+                 if (char == EOF) {
+                   url.host = base.host;
+                   url.path = base.path.slice();
+                   url.query = base.query;
+                 } else if (char == '?') {
+                   url.host = base.host;
+                   url.path = base.path.slice();
+                   url.query = '';
+                   state = QUERY;
+                 } else if (char == '#') {
+                   url.host = base.host;
+                   url.path = base.path.slice();
+                   url.query = base.query;
+                   url.fragment = '';
+                   state = FRAGMENT;
+                 } else {
+                   if (!startsWithWindowsDriveLetter(codePoints.slice(pointer).join(''))) {
+                     url.host = base.host;
+                     url.path = base.path.slice();
+                     shortenURLsPath(url);
+                   }
+                   state = PATH;
+                   continue;
+                 }
+               } else {
+                 state = PATH;
+                 continue;
+               } break;
 
-           xhr.ontimeout = function() {
-             setTimeout(function() {
-               reject(new TypeError('Network request failed'));
-             }, 0);
-           };
+             case FILE_SLASH:
+               if (char == '/' || char == '\\') {
+                 state = FILE_HOST;
+                 break;
+               }
+               if (base && base.scheme == 'file' && !startsWithWindowsDriveLetter(codePoints.slice(pointer).join(''))) {
+                 if (isWindowsDriveLetter(base.path[0], true)) url.path.push(base.path[0]);
+                 else url.host = base.host;
+               }
+               state = PATH;
+               continue;
 
-           xhr.onabort = function() {
-             setTimeout(function() {
-               reject(new DOMException$1('Aborted', 'AbortError'));
-             }, 0);
-           };
+             case FILE_HOST:
+               if (char == EOF || char == '/' || char == '\\' || char == '?' || char == '#') {
+                 if (!stateOverride && isWindowsDriveLetter(buffer)) {
+                   state = PATH;
+                 } else if (buffer == '') {
+                   url.host = '';
+                   if (stateOverride) return;
+                   state = PATH_START;
+                 } else {
+                   failure = parseHost(url, buffer);
+                   if (failure) return failure;
+                   if (url.host == 'localhost') url.host = '';
+                   if (stateOverride) return;
+                   buffer = '';
+                   state = PATH_START;
+                 } continue;
+               } else buffer += char;
+               break;
 
-           function fixUrl(url) {
-             try {
-               return url === '' && global$1.location.href ? global$1.location.href : url
-             } catch (e) {
-               return url
-             }
+             case PATH_START:
+               if (isSpecial(url)) {
+                 state = PATH;
+                 if (char != '/' && char != '\\') continue;
+               } else if (!stateOverride && char == '?') {
+                 url.query = '';
+                 state = QUERY;
+               } else if (!stateOverride && char == '#') {
+                 url.fragment = '';
+                 state = FRAGMENT;
+               } else if (char != EOF) {
+                 state = PATH;
+                 if (char != '/') continue;
+               } break;
+
+             case PATH:
+               if (
+                 char == EOF || char == '/' ||
+                 (char == '\\' && isSpecial(url)) ||
+                 (!stateOverride && (char == '?' || char == '#'))
+               ) {
+                 if (isDoubleDot(buffer)) {
+                   shortenURLsPath(url);
+                   if (char != '/' && !(char == '\\' && isSpecial(url))) {
+                     url.path.push('');
+                   }
+                 } else if (isSingleDot(buffer)) {
+                   if (char != '/' && !(char == '\\' && isSpecial(url))) {
+                     url.path.push('');
+                   }
+                 } else {
+                   if (url.scheme == 'file' && !url.path.length && isWindowsDriveLetter(buffer)) {
+                     if (url.host) url.host = '';
+                     buffer = buffer.charAt(0) + ':'; // normalize windows drive letter
+                   }
+                   url.path.push(buffer);
+                 }
+                 buffer = '';
+                 if (url.scheme == 'file' && (char == EOF || char == '?' || char == '#')) {
+                   while (url.path.length > 1 && url.path[0] === '') {
+                     url.path.shift();
+                   }
+                 }
+                 if (char == '?') {
+                   url.query = '';
+                   state = QUERY;
+                 } else if (char == '#') {
+                   url.fragment = '';
+                   state = FRAGMENT;
+                 }
+               } else {
+                 buffer += percentEncode(char, pathPercentEncodeSet);
+               } break;
+
+             case CANNOT_BE_A_BASE_URL_PATH:
+               if (char == '?') {
+                 url.query = '';
+                 state = QUERY;
+               } else if (char == '#') {
+                 url.fragment = '';
+                 state = FRAGMENT;
+               } else if (char != EOF) {
+                 url.path[0] += percentEncode(char, C0ControlPercentEncodeSet);
+               } break;
+
+             case QUERY:
+               if (!stateOverride && char == '#') {
+                 url.fragment = '';
+                 state = FRAGMENT;
+               } else if (char != EOF) {
+                 if (char == "'" && isSpecial(url)) url.query += '%27';
+                 else if (char == '#') url.query += '%23';
+                 else url.query += percentEncode(char, C0ControlPercentEncodeSet);
+               } break;
+
+             case FRAGMENT:
+               if (char != EOF) url.fragment += percentEncode(char, fragmentPercentEncodeSet);
+               break;
            }
 
-           xhr.open(request.method, fixUrl(request.url), true);
-
-           if (request.credentials === 'include') {
-             xhr.withCredentials = true;
-           } else if (request.credentials === 'omit') {
-             xhr.withCredentials = false;
-           }
+           pointer++;
+         }
+       };
 
-           if ('responseType' in xhr) {
-             if (support.blob) {
-               xhr.responseType = 'blob';
-             } else if (
-               support.arrayBuffer &&
-               request.headers.get('Content-Type') &&
-               request.headers.get('Content-Type').indexOf('application/octet-stream') !== -1
-             ) {
-               xhr.responseType = 'arraybuffer';
-             }
+       // `URL` constructor
+       // https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#url-class
+       var URLConstructor = function URL(url /* , base */) {
+         var that = anInstance(this, URLConstructor, 'URL');
+         var base = arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined;
+         var urlString = String(url);
+         var state = setInternalState$1(that, { type: 'URL' });
+         var baseState, failure;
+         if (base !== undefined) {
+           if (base instanceof URLConstructor) baseState = getInternalURLState(base);
+           else {
+             failure = parseURL(baseState = {}, String(base));
+             if (failure) throw TypeError(failure);
            }
+         }
+         failure = parseURL(state, urlString, null, baseState);
+         if (failure) throw TypeError(failure);
+         var searchParams = state.searchParams = new URLSearchParams$1();
+         var searchParamsState = getInternalSearchParamsState(searchParams);
+         searchParamsState.updateSearchParams(state.query);
+         searchParamsState.updateURL = function () {
+           state.query = String(searchParams) || null;
+         };
+         if (!descriptors) {
+           that.href = serializeURL.call(that);
+           that.origin = getOrigin.call(that);
+           that.protocol = getProtocol.call(that);
+           that.username = getUsername.call(that);
+           that.password = getPassword.call(that);
+           that.host = getHost.call(that);
+           that.hostname = getHostname.call(that);
+           that.port = getPort.call(that);
+           that.pathname = getPathname.call(that);
+           that.search = getSearch.call(that);
+           that.searchParams = getSearchParams.call(that);
+           that.hash = getHash.call(that);
+         }
+       };
 
-           request.headers.forEach(function(value, name) {
-             xhr.setRequestHeader(name, value);
-           });
-
-           if (request.signal) {
-             request.signal.addEventListener('abort', abortXhr);
+       var URLPrototype = URLConstructor.prototype;
 
-             xhr.onreadystatechange = function() {
-               // DONE (success or failure)
-               if (xhr.readyState === 4) {
-                 request.signal.removeEventListener('abort', abortXhr);
-               }
-             };
+       var serializeURL = function () {
+         var url = getInternalURLState(this);
+         var scheme = url.scheme;
+         var username = url.username;
+         var password = url.password;
+         var host = url.host;
+         var port = url.port;
+         var path = url.path;
+         var query = url.query;
+         var fragment = url.fragment;
+         var output = scheme + ':';
+         if (host !== null) {
+           output += '//';
+           if (includesCredentials(url)) {
+             output += username + (password ? ':' + password : '') + '@';
            }
+           output += serializeHost(host);
+           if (port !== null) output += ':' + port;
+         } else if (scheme == 'file') output += '//';
+         output += url.cannotBeABaseURL ? path[0] : path.length ? '/' + path.join('/') : '';
+         if (query !== null) output += '?' + query;
+         if (fragment !== null) output += '#' + fragment;
+         return output;
+       };
 
-           xhr.send(typeof request._bodyInit === 'undefined' ? null : request._bodyInit);
-         })
-       }
-
-       fetch$1.polyfill = true;
+       var getOrigin = function () {
+         var url = getInternalURLState(this);
+         var scheme = url.scheme;
+         var port = url.port;
+         if (scheme == 'blob') try {
+           return new URLConstructor(scheme.path[0]).origin;
+         } catch (error) {
+           return 'null';
+         }
+         if (scheme == 'file' || !isSpecial(url)) return 'null';
+         return scheme + '://' + serializeHost(url.host) + (port !== null ? ':' + port : '');
+       };
 
-       if (!global$1.fetch) {
-         global$1.fetch = fetch$1;
-         global$1.Headers = Headers;
-         global$1.Request = Request;
-         global$1.Response = Response;
-       }
+       var getProtocol = function () {
+         return getInternalURLState(this).scheme + ':';
+       };
 
-       var lib = createCommonjsModule(function (module, exports) {
-       Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+       var getUsername = function () {
+         return getInternalURLState(this).username;
+       };
 
+       var getPassword = function () {
+         return getInternalURLState(this).password;
+       };
 
+       var getHost = function () {
+         var url = getInternalURLState(this);
+         var host = url.host;
+         var port = url.port;
+         return host === null ? ''
+           : port === null ? serializeHost(host)
+           : serializeHost(host) + ':' + port;
+       };
 
+       var getHostname = function () {
+         var host = getInternalURLState(this).host;
+         return host === null ? '' : serializeHost(host);
+       };
 
+       var getPort = function () {
+         var port = getInternalURLState(this).port;
+         return port === null ? '' : String(port);
+       };
 
+       var getPathname = function () {
+         var url = getInternalURLState(this);
+         var path = url.path;
+         return url.cannotBeABaseURL ? path[0] : path.length ? '/' + path.join('/') : '';
+       };
 
+       var getSearch = function () {
+         var query = getInternalURLState(this).query;
+         return query ? '?' + query : '';
+       };
 
+       var getSearchParams = function () {
+         return getInternalURLState(this).searchParams;
+       };
 
+       var getHash = function () {
+         var fragment = getInternalURLState(this).fragment;
+         return fragment ? '#' + fragment : '';
+       };
 
+       var accessorDescriptor = function (getter, setter) {
+         return { get: getter, set: setter, configurable: true, enumerable: true };
+       };
 
-       if (!window.Set) {
-           window.Set = es6Set;
-       }
-       if (!window.Map) {
-           window.Map = es6Map;
-       }
-       if (!window.Promise) {
-           window.Promise = polyfill$e;
-           window.Promise._immediateFn = setAsap;
-       }
-       if (!Array.prototype.find) {
-           array_prototype_find.shim();
-       }
-       if (!Array.prototype.findIndex) {
-           array_prototype_findindex.shim();
-       }
-       if (!Array.from) {
-           array_from.shim();
-       }
-       if (!Object.values) {
-           object_values.shim();
-       }
-       if (!Object.assign) {
-           object_assign.shim();
+       if (descriptors) {
+         objectDefineProperties(URLPrototype, {
+           // `URL.prototype.href` accessors pair
+           // https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-href
+           href: accessorDescriptor(serializeURL, function (href) {
+             var url = getInternalURLState(this);
+             var urlString = String(href);
+             var failure = parseURL(url, urlString);
+             if (failure) throw TypeError(failure);
+             getInternalSearchParamsState(url.searchParams).updateSearchParams(url.query);
+           }),
+           // `URL.prototype.origin` getter
+           // https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-origin
+           origin: accessorDescriptor(getOrigin),
+           // `URL.prototype.protocol` accessors pair
+           // https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-protocol
+           protocol: accessorDescriptor(getProtocol, function (protocol) {
+             var url = getInternalURLState(this);
+             parseURL(url, String(protocol) + ':', SCHEME_START);
+           }),
+           // `URL.prototype.username` accessors pair
+           // https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-username
+           username: accessorDescriptor(getUsername, function (username) {
+             var url = getInternalURLState(this);
+             var codePoints = arrayFrom(String(username));
+             if (cannotHaveUsernamePasswordPort(url)) return;
+             url.username = '';
+             for (var i = 0; i < codePoints.length; i++) {
+               url.username += percentEncode(codePoints[i], userinfoPercentEncodeSet);
+             }
+           }),
+           // `URL.prototype.password` accessors pair
+           // https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-password
+           password: accessorDescriptor(getPassword, function (password) {
+             var url = getInternalURLState(this);
+             var codePoints = arrayFrom(String(password));
+             if (cannotHaveUsernamePasswordPort(url)) return;
+             url.password = '';
+             for (var i = 0; i < codePoints.length; i++) {
+               url.password += percentEncode(codePoints[i], userinfoPercentEncodeSet);
+             }
+           }),
+           // `URL.prototype.host` accessors pair
+           // https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-host
+           host: accessorDescriptor(getHost, function (host) {
+             var url = getInternalURLState(this);
+             if (url.cannotBeABaseURL) return;
+             parseURL(url, String(host), HOST);
+           }),
+           // `URL.prototype.hostname` accessors pair
+           // https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-hostname
+           hostname: accessorDescriptor(getHostname, function (hostname) {
+             var url = getInternalURLState(this);
+             if (url.cannotBeABaseURL) return;
+             parseURL(url, String(hostname), HOSTNAME);
+           }),
+           // `URL.prototype.port` accessors pair
+           // https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-port
+           port: accessorDescriptor(getPort, function (port) {
+             var url = getInternalURLState(this);
+             if (cannotHaveUsernamePasswordPort(url)) return;
+             port = String(port);
+             if (port == '') url.port = null;
+             else parseURL(url, port, PORT);
+           }),
+           // `URL.prototype.pathname` accessors pair
+           // https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-pathname
+           pathname: accessorDescriptor(getPathname, function (pathname) {
+             var url = getInternalURLState(this);
+             if (url.cannotBeABaseURL) return;
+             url.path = [];
+             parseURL(url, pathname + '', PATH_START);
+           }),
+           // `URL.prototype.search` accessors pair
+           // https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-search
+           search: accessorDescriptor(getSearch, function (search) {
+             var url = getInternalURLState(this);
+             search = String(search);
+             if (search == '') {
+               url.query = null;
+             } else {
+               if ('?' == search.charAt(0)) search = search.slice(1);
+               url.query = '';
+               parseURL(url, search, QUERY);
+             }
+             getInternalSearchParamsState(url.searchParams).updateSearchParams(url.query);
+           }),
+           // `URL.prototype.searchParams` getter
+           // https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-searchparams
+           searchParams: accessorDescriptor(getSearchParams),
+           // `URL.prototype.hash` accessors pair
+           // https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-hash
+           hash: accessorDescriptor(getHash, function (hash) {
+             var url = getInternalURLState(this);
+             hash = String(hash);
+             if (hash == '') {
+               url.fragment = null;
+               return;
+             }
+             if ('#' == hash.charAt(0)) hash = hash.slice(1);
+             url.fragment = '';
+             parseURL(url, hash, FRAGMENT);
+           })
+         });
        }
-       if (!window.requestAnimationFrame || !window.cancelAnimationFrame) {
-           window.requestAnimationFrame = raf_1;
-           window.cancelAnimationFrame = raf_1.cancel;
+
+       // `URL.prototype.toJSON` method
+       // https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-tojson
+       redefine(URLPrototype, 'toJSON', function toJSON() {
+         return serializeURL.call(this);
+       }, { enumerable: true });
+
+       // `URL.prototype.toString` method
+       // https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#URL-stringification-behavior
+       redefine(URLPrototype, 'toString', function toString() {
+         return serializeURL.call(this);
+       }, { enumerable: true });
+
+       if (NativeURL) {
+         var nativeCreateObjectURL = NativeURL.createObjectURL;
+         var nativeRevokeObjectURL = NativeURL.revokeObjectURL;
+         // `URL.createObjectURL` method
+         // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/URL/createObjectURL
+         // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars -- required for `.length`
+         if (nativeCreateObjectURL) redefine(URLConstructor, 'createObjectURL', function createObjectURL(blob) {
+           return nativeCreateObjectURL.apply(NativeURL, arguments);
+         });
+         // `URL.revokeObjectURL` method
+         // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/URL/revokeObjectURL
+         // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars -- required for `.length`
+         if (nativeRevokeObjectURL) redefine(URLConstructor, 'revokeObjectURL', function revokeObjectURL(url) {
+           return nativeRevokeObjectURL.apply(NativeURL, arguments);
+         });
        }
 
-       var finalFetch = window.fetch;
-       var finalPromise = window.Promise;
-       window.fetch = function (input, init) {
-           try {
-               return finalFetch(input, init);
-           }
-           catch (error) {
-               return new finalPromise(function (_, reject) { return reject(error); });
-           }
-       };
+       setToStringTag(URLConstructor, 'URL');
+
+       _export({ global: true, forced: !nativeUrl, sham: !descriptors }, {
+         URL: URLConstructor
        });
 
-       var $Math$2 = GetIntrinsic('%Math%');
+       // `RegExp.prototype.flags` getter implementation
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-get-regexp.prototype.flags
+       var regexpFlags = function () {
+         var that = anObject(this);
+         var result = '';
+         if (that.global) result += 'g';
+         if (that.ignoreCase) result += 'i';
+         if (that.multiline) result += 'm';
+         if (that.dotAll) result += 's';
+         if (that.unicode) result += 'u';
+         if (that.sticky) result += 'y';
+         return result;
+       };
 
-       var $floor$1 = $Math$2.floor;
-       var $abs$1 = $Math$2.abs;
+       var TO_STRING = 'toString';
+       var RegExpPrototype$2 = RegExp.prototype;
+       var nativeToString = RegExpPrototype$2[TO_STRING];
 
+       var NOT_GENERIC = fails(function () { return nativeToString.call({ source: 'a', flags: 'b' }) != '/a/b'; });
+       // FF44- RegExp#toString has a wrong name
+       var INCORRECT_NAME = nativeToString.name != TO_STRING;
 
+       // `RegExp.prototype.toString` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-regexp.prototype.tostring
+       if (NOT_GENERIC || INCORRECT_NAME) {
+         redefine(RegExp.prototype, TO_STRING, function toString() {
+           var R = anObject(this);
+           var p = String(R.source);
+           var rf = R.flags;
+           var f = String(rf === undefined && R instanceof RegExp && !('flags' in RegExpPrototype$2) ? regexpFlags.call(R) : rf);
+           return '/' + p + '/' + f;
+         }, { unsafe: true });
+       }
 
+       // babel-minify transpiles RegExp('a', 'y') -> /a/y and it causes SyntaxError,
+       var RE = function (s, f) {
+         return RegExp(s, f);
+       };
 
-       // https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-isinteger
+       var UNSUPPORTED_Y$3 = fails(function () {
+         var re = RE('a', 'y');
+         re.lastIndex = 2;
+         return re.exec('abcd') != null;
+       });
 
-       var IsInteger = function IsInteger(argument) {
-               if (typeof argument !== 'number' || _isNaN(argument) || !_isFinite(argument)) {
-                       return false;
-               }
-               var abs = $abs$1(argument);
-               return $floor$1(abs) === abs;
-       };
+       var BROKEN_CARET = fails(function () {
+         // https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=773687
+         var re = RE('^r', 'gy');
+         re.lastIndex = 2;
+         return re.exec('str') != null;
+       });
 
-       var ArrayPush = callBound('Array.prototype.push');
-       var StringFromCharCodeSpread = callBind.apply(String.fromCharCode, null);
-
-       var implementation$8 = function fromCodePoint(_ /* fromCodePoint.length is 1 */) {
-               var MAX_SIZE = 0x4000;
-               var codeUnits = [];
-               var highSurrogate;
-               var lowSurrogate;
-               var index = -1;
-               var length = arguments.length;
-               if (!length) {
-                       return '';
-               }
-               var result = '';
-               while (++index < length) {
-                       var codePoint = ToNumber$1(arguments[index]);
-                       if (
-                               !IsInteger(codePoint) ||
-                               codePoint < 0 || codePoint > 0x10FFFF // not a valid Unicode code point
-                       ) {
-                               throw RangeError('Invalid code point: ' + codePoint);
-                       }
-                       if (codePoint <= 0xFFFF) { // BMP code point
-                               ArrayPush(codeUnits, codePoint);
-                       } else { // Astral code point; split in surrogate halves
-                               // https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/javascript-encoding#surrogate-formulae
-                               codePoint -= 0x10000;
-                               highSurrogate = (codePoint >> 10) + 0xD800;
-                               lowSurrogate = (codePoint % 0x400) + 0xDC00;
-                               ArrayPush(codeUnits, highSurrogate, lowSurrogate);
-                       }
-                       if (index + 1 == length || codeUnits.length > MAX_SIZE) {
-                               result += StringFromCharCodeSpread(codeUnits);
-                               codeUnits.length = 0;
-                       }
-               }
-               return result;
+       var regexpStickyHelpers = {
+               UNSUPPORTED_Y: UNSUPPORTED_Y$3,
+               BROKEN_CARET: BROKEN_CARET
        };
 
-       var polyfill$g = function getPolyfill() {
-               return String.fromCodePoint || implementation$8;
-       };
+       var regexpUnsupportedDotAll = fails(function () {
+         // babel-minify transpiles RegExp('.', 's') -> /./s and it causes SyntaxError
+         var re = RegExp('.', (typeof '').charAt(0));
+         return !(re.dotAll && re.exec('\n') && re.flags === 's');
+       });
 
-       var shim$d = function shimFromCodePoint() {
-               var polyfill = polyfill$g();
+       var regexpUnsupportedNcg = fails(function () {
+         // babel-minify transpiles RegExp('.', 'g') -> /./g and it causes SyntaxError
+         var re = RegExp('(?<a>b)', (typeof '').charAt(5));
+         return re.exec('b').groups.a !== 'b' ||
+           'b'.replace(re, '$<a>c') !== 'bc';
+       });
 
-               if (String.fromCodePoint !== polyfill) {
-                       defineProperties_1(String, { fromCodePoint: polyfill });
-               }
+       /* eslint-disable regexp/no-assertion-capturing-group, regexp/no-empty-group, regexp/no-lazy-ends -- testing */
+       /* eslint-disable regexp/no-useless-quantifier -- testing */
 
-               return polyfill;
-       };
 
-       /*! https://mths.be/fromcodepoint v1.0.0 by @mathias */
 
-       shim$d();
 
-       (function (factory) {
-         
-         factory();
-       }((function () {
-         function _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {
-           if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {
-             throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function");
-           }
-         }
+       var getInternalState = internalState.get;
 
-         function _defineProperties(target, props) {
-           for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {
-             var descriptor = props[i];
-             descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;
-             descriptor.configurable = true;
-             if ("value" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;
-             Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);
-           }
-         }
 
-         function _createClass(Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {
-           if (protoProps) _defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);
-           if (staticProps) _defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);
-           return Constructor;
-         }
 
-         function _inherits(subClass, superClass) {
-           if (typeof superClass !== "function" && superClass !== null) {
-             throw new TypeError("Super expression must either be null or a function");
-           }
+       var nativeExec = RegExp.prototype.exec;
+       var nativeReplace = shared('native-string-replace', String.prototype.replace);
 
-           subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, {
-             constructor: {
-               value: subClass,
-               writable: true,
-               configurable: true
-             }
-           });
-           if (superClass) _setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass);
-         }
+       var patchedExec = nativeExec;
 
-         function _getPrototypeOf(o) {
-           _getPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.getPrototypeOf : function _getPrototypeOf(o) {
-             return o.__proto__ || Object.getPrototypeOf(o);
-           };
-           return _getPrototypeOf(o);
-         }
+       var UPDATES_LAST_INDEX_WRONG = (function () {
+         var re1 = /a/;
+         var re2 = /b*/g;
+         nativeExec.call(re1, 'a');
+         nativeExec.call(re2, 'a');
+         return re1.lastIndex !== 0 || re2.lastIndex !== 0;
+       })();
 
-         function _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {
-           _setPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf || function _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {
-             o.__proto__ = p;
-             return o;
-           };
+       var UNSUPPORTED_Y$2 = regexpStickyHelpers.UNSUPPORTED_Y || regexpStickyHelpers.BROKEN_CARET;
 
-           return _setPrototypeOf(o, p);
-         }
+       // nonparticipating capturing group, copied from es5-shim's String#split patch.
+       var NPCG_INCLUDED = /()??/.exec('')[1] !== undefined;
 
-         function _assertThisInitialized(self) {
-           if (self === void 0) {
-             throw new ReferenceError("this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called");
-           }
+       var PATCH = UPDATES_LAST_INDEX_WRONG || NPCG_INCLUDED || UNSUPPORTED_Y$2 || regexpUnsupportedDotAll || regexpUnsupportedNcg;
 
-           return self;
-         }
+       if (PATCH) {
+         // eslint-disable-next-line max-statements -- TODO
+         patchedExec = function exec(str) {
+           var re = this;
+           var state = getInternalState(re);
+           var raw = state.raw;
+           var result, reCopy, lastIndex, match, i, object, group;
 
-         function _possibleConstructorReturn(self, call) {
-           if (call && (typeof call === "object" || typeof call === "function")) {
-             return call;
+           if (raw) {
+             raw.lastIndex = re.lastIndex;
+             result = patchedExec.call(raw, str);
+             re.lastIndex = raw.lastIndex;
+             return result;
            }
 
-           return _assertThisInitialized(self);
-         }
+           var groups = state.groups;
+           var sticky = UNSUPPORTED_Y$2 && re.sticky;
+           var flags = regexpFlags.call(re);
+           var source = re.source;
+           var charsAdded = 0;
+           var strCopy = str;
 
-         function _superPropBase(object, property) {
-           while (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(object, property)) {
-             object = _getPrototypeOf(object);
-             if (object === null) break;
-           }
+           if (sticky) {
+             flags = flags.replace('y', '');
+             if (flags.indexOf('g') === -1) {
+               flags += 'g';
+             }
 
-           return object;
-         }
+             strCopy = String(str).slice(re.lastIndex);
+             // Support anchored sticky behavior.
+             if (re.lastIndex > 0 && (!re.multiline || re.multiline && str[re.lastIndex - 1] !== '\n')) {
+               source = '(?: ' + source + ')';
+               strCopy = ' ' + strCopy;
+               charsAdded++;
+             }
+             // ^(? + rx + ) is needed, in combination with some str slicing, to
+             // simulate the 'y' flag.
+             reCopy = new RegExp('^(?:' + source + ')', flags);
+           }
 
-         function _get(target, property, receiver) {
-           if (typeof Reflect !== "undefined" && Reflect.get) {
-             _get = Reflect.get;
-           } else {
-             _get = function _get(target, property, receiver) {
-               var base = _superPropBase(target, property);
+           if (NPCG_INCLUDED) {
+             reCopy = new RegExp('^' + source + '$(?!\\s)', flags);
+           }
+           if (UPDATES_LAST_INDEX_WRONG) lastIndex = re.lastIndex;
 
-               if (!base) return;
-               var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(base, property);
+           match = nativeExec.call(sticky ? reCopy : re, strCopy);
 
-               if (desc.get) {
-                 return desc.get.call(receiver);
+           if (sticky) {
+             if (match) {
+               match.input = match.input.slice(charsAdded);
+               match[0] = match[0].slice(charsAdded);
+               match.index = re.lastIndex;
+               re.lastIndex += match[0].length;
+             } else re.lastIndex = 0;
+           } else if (UPDATES_LAST_INDEX_WRONG && match) {
+             re.lastIndex = re.global ? match.index + match[0].length : lastIndex;
+           }
+           if (NPCG_INCLUDED && match && match.length > 1) {
+             // Fix browsers whose `exec` methods don't consistently return `undefined`
+             // for NPCG, like IE8. NOTE: This doesn' work for /(.?)?/
+             nativeReplace.call(match[0], reCopy, function () {
+               for (i = 1; i < arguments.length - 2; i++) {
+                 if (arguments[i] === undefined) match[i] = undefined;
                }
+             });
+           }
 
-               return desc.value;
-             };
+           if (match && groups) {
+             match.groups = object = objectCreate(null);
+             for (i = 0; i < groups.length; i++) {
+               group = groups[i];
+               object[group[0]] = match[group[1]];
+             }
            }
 
-           return _get(target, property, receiver || target);
-         }
+           return match;
+         };
+       }
 
-         var Emitter =
-         /*#__PURE__*/
-         function () {
-           function Emitter() {
-             _classCallCheck(this, Emitter);
+       var regexpExec = patchedExec;
 
-             Object.defineProperty(this, 'listeners', {
-               value: {},
-               writable: true,
-               configurable: true
-             });
-           }
+       // `RegExp.prototype.exec` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-regexp.prototype.exec
+       _export({ target: 'RegExp', proto: true, forced: /./.exec !== regexpExec }, {
+         exec: regexpExec
+       });
 
-           _createClass(Emitter, [{
-             key: "addEventListener",
-             value: function addEventListener(type, callback) {
-               if (!(type in this.listeners)) {
-                 this.listeners[type] = [];
-               }
+       // TODO: Remove from `core-js@4` since it's moved to entry points
 
-               this.listeners[type].push(callback);
-             }
-           }, {
-             key: "removeEventListener",
-             value: function removeEventListener(type, callback) {
-               if (!(type in this.listeners)) {
-                 return;
-               }
 
-               var stack = this.listeners[type];
 
-               for (var i = 0, l = stack.length; i < l; i++) {
-                 if (stack[i] === callback) {
-                   stack.splice(i, 1);
-                   return;
-                 }
-               }
-             }
-           }, {
-             key: "dispatchEvent",
-             value: function dispatchEvent(event) {
-               var _this = this;
 
-               if (!(event.type in this.listeners)) {
-                 return;
-               }
 
-               var debounce = function debounce(callback) {
-                 setTimeout(function () {
-                   return callback.call(_this, event);
-                 });
-               };
 
-               var stack = this.listeners[event.type];
 
-               for (var i = 0, l = stack.length; i < l; i++) {
-                 debounce(stack[i]);
-               }
+       var SPECIES = wellKnownSymbol('species');
+       var RegExpPrototype$1 = RegExp.prototype;
 
-               return !event.defaultPrevented;
-             }
-           }]);
+       var fixRegexpWellKnownSymbolLogic = function (KEY, exec, FORCED, SHAM) {
+         var SYMBOL = wellKnownSymbol(KEY);
 
-           return Emitter;
-         }();
+         var DELEGATES_TO_SYMBOL = !fails(function () {
+           // String methods call symbol-named RegEp methods
+           var O = {};
+           O[SYMBOL] = function () { return 7; };
+           return ''[KEY](O) != 7;
+         });
 
-         var AbortSignal =
-         /*#__PURE__*/
-         function (_Emitter) {
-           _inherits(AbortSignal, _Emitter);
+         var DELEGATES_TO_EXEC = DELEGATES_TO_SYMBOL && !fails(function () {
+           // Symbol-named RegExp methods call .exec
+           var execCalled = false;
+           var re = /a/;
 
-           function AbortSignal() {
-             var _this2;
+           if (KEY === 'split') {
+             // We can't use real regex here since it causes deoptimization
+             // and serious performance degradation in V8
+             // https://github.com/zloirock/core-js/issues/306
+             re = {};
+             // RegExp[@@split] doesn't call the regex's exec method, but first creates
+             // a new one. We need to return the patched regex when creating the new one.
+             re.constructor = {};
+             re.constructor[SPECIES] = function () { return re; };
+             re.flags = '';
+             re[SYMBOL] = /./[SYMBOL];
+           }
 
-             _classCallCheck(this, AbortSignal);
+           re.exec = function () { execCalled = true; return null; };
 
-             _this2 = _possibleConstructorReturn(this, _getPrototypeOf(AbortSignal).call(this)); // Some versions of babel does not transpile super() correctly for IE <= 10, if the parent
-             // constructor has failed to run, then "this.listeners" will still be undefined and then we call
-             // the parent constructor directly instead as a workaround. For general details, see babel bug:
-             // https://github.com/babel/babel/issues/3041
-             // This hack was added as a fix for the issue described here:
-             // https://github.com/Financial-Times/polyfill-library/pull/59#issuecomment-477558042
+           re[SYMBOL]('');
+           return !execCalled;
+         });
 
-             if (!_this2.listeners) {
-               Emitter.call(_assertThisInitialized(_this2));
-             } // Compared to assignment, Object.defineProperty makes properties non-enumerable by default and
-             // we want Object.keys(new AbortController().signal) to be [] for compat with the native impl
+         if (
+           !DELEGATES_TO_SYMBOL ||
+           !DELEGATES_TO_EXEC ||
+           FORCED
+         ) {
+           var nativeRegExpMethod = /./[SYMBOL];
+           var methods = exec(SYMBOL, ''[KEY], function (nativeMethod, regexp, str, arg2, forceStringMethod) {
+             var $exec = regexp.exec;
+             if ($exec === regexpExec || $exec === RegExpPrototype$1.exec) {
+               if (DELEGATES_TO_SYMBOL && !forceStringMethod) {
+                 // The native String method already delegates to @@method (this
+                 // polyfilled function), leasing to infinite recursion.
+                 // We avoid it by directly calling the native @@method method.
+                 return { done: true, value: nativeRegExpMethod.call(regexp, str, arg2) };
+               }
+               return { done: true, value: nativeMethod.call(str, regexp, arg2) };
+             }
+             return { done: false };
+           });
 
+           redefine(String.prototype, KEY, methods[0]);
+           redefine(RegExpPrototype$1, SYMBOL, methods[1]);
+         }
 
-             Object.defineProperty(_assertThisInitialized(_this2), 'aborted', {
-               value: false,
-               writable: true,
-               configurable: true
-             });
-             Object.defineProperty(_assertThisInitialized(_this2), 'onabort', {
-               value: null,
-               writable: true,
-               configurable: true
-             });
-             return _this2;
-           }
-
-           _createClass(AbortSignal, [{
-             key: "toString",
-             value: function toString() {
-               return '[object AbortSignal]';
-             }
-           }, {
-             key: "dispatchEvent",
-             value: function dispatchEvent(event) {
-               if (event.type === 'abort') {
-                 this.aborted = true;
-
-                 if (typeof this.onabort === 'function') {
-                   this.onabort.call(this, event);
-                 }
-               }
-
-               _get(_getPrototypeOf(AbortSignal.prototype), "dispatchEvent", this).call(this, event);
-             }
-           }]);
+         if (SHAM) createNonEnumerableProperty(RegExpPrototype$1[SYMBOL], 'sham', true);
+       };
 
-           return AbortSignal;
-         }(Emitter);
-         var AbortController =
-         /*#__PURE__*/
-         function () {
-           function AbortController() {
-             _classCallCheck(this, AbortController);
+       var charAt = stringMultibyte.charAt;
 
-             // Compared to assignment, Object.defineProperty makes properties non-enumerable by default and
-             // we want Object.keys(new AbortController()) to be [] for compat with the native impl
-             Object.defineProperty(this, 'signal', {
-               value: new AbortSignal(),
-               writable: true,
-               configurable: true
-             });
-           }
+       // `AdvanceStringIndex` abstract operation
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-advancestringindex
+       var advanceStringIndex = function (S, index, unicode) {
+         return index + (unicode ? charAt(S, index).length : 1);
+       };
 
-           _createClass(AbortController, [{
-             key: "abort",
-             value: function abort() {
-               var event;
+       var floor$1 = Math.floor;
+       var replace = ''.replace;
+       var SUBSTITUTION_SYMBOLS = /\$([$&'`]|\d{1,2}|<[^>]*>)/g;
+       var SUBSTITUTION_SYMBOLS_NO_NAMED = /\$([$&'`]|\d{1,2})/g;
 
-               try {
-                 event = new Event('abort');
-               } catch (e) {
-                 if (typeof document !== 'undefined') {
-                   if (!document.createEvent) {
-                     // For Internet Explorer 8:
-                     event = document.createEventObject();
-                     event.type = 'abort';
-                   } else {
-                     // For Internet Explorer 11:
-                     event = document.createEvent('Event');
-                     event.initEvent('abort', false, false);
-                   }
-                 } else {
-                   // Fallback where document isn't available:
-                   event = {
-                     type: 'abort',
-                     bubbles: false,
-                     cancelable: false
-                   };
-                 }
+       // `GetSubstitution` abstract operation
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-getsubstitution
+       var getSubstitution = function (matched, str, position, captures, namedCaptures, replacement) {
+         var tailPos = position + matched.length;
+         var m = captures.length;
+         var symbols = SUBSTITUTION_SYMBOLS_NO_NAMED;
+         if (namedCaptures !== undefined) {
+           namedCaptures = toObject(namedCaptures);
+           symbols = SUBSTITUTION_SYMBOLS;
+         }
+         return replace.call(replacement, symbols, function (match, ch) {
+           var capture;
+           switch (ch.charAt(0)) {
+             case '$': return '$';
+             case '&': return matched;
+             case '`': return str.slice(0, position);
+             case "'": return str.slice(tailPos);
+             case '<':
+               capture = namedCaptures[ch.slice(1, -1)];
+               break;
+             default: // \d\d?
+               var n = +ch;
+               if (n === 0) return match;
+               if (n > m) {
+                 var f = floor$1(n / 10);
+                 if (f === 0) return match;
+                 if (f <= m) return captures[f - 1] === undefined ? ch.charAt(1) : captures[f - 1] + ch.charAt(1);
+                 return match;
                }
+               capture = captures[n - 1];
+           }
+           return capture === undefined ? '' : capture;
+         });
+       };
 
-               this.signal.dispatchEvent(event);
-             }
-           }, {
-             key: "toString",
-             value: function toString() {
-               return '[object AbortController]';
-             }
-           }]);
-
-           return AbortController;
-         }();
-
-         if (typeof Symbol !== 'undefined' && Symbol.toStringTag) {
-           // These are necessary to make sure that we get correct output for:
-           // Object.prototype.toString.call(new AbortController())
-           AbortController.prototype[Symbol.toStringTag] = 'AbortController';
-           AbortSignal.prototype[Symbol.toStringTag] = 'AbortSignal';
+       // `RegExpExec` abstract operation
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-regexpexec
+       var regexpExecAbstract = function (R, S) {
+         var exec = R.exec;
+         if (typeof exec === 'function') {
+           var result = exec.call(R, S);
+           if (typeof result !== 'object') {
+             throw TypeError('RegExp exec method returned something other than an Object or null');
+           }
+           return result;
          }
 
-         function polyfillNeeded(self) {
-           if (self.__FORCE_INSTALL_ABORTCONTROLLER_POLYFILL) {
-             console.log('__FORCE_INSTALL_ABORTCONTROLLER_POLYFILL=true is set, will force install polyfill');
-             return true;
-           } // Note that the "unfetch" minimal fetch polyfill defines fetch() without
-           // defining window.Request, and this polyfill need to work on top of unfetch
-           // so the below feature detection needs the !self.AbortController part.
-           // The Request.prototype check is also needed because Safari versions 11.1.2
-           // up to and including 12.1.x has a window.AbortController present but still
-           // does NOT correctly implement abortable fetch:
-           // https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=174980#c2
-
-
-           return typeof self.Request === 'function' && !self.Request.prototype.hasOwnProperty('signal') || !self.AbortController;
+         if (classofRaw(R) !== 'RegExp') {
+           throw TypeError('RegExp#exec called on incompatible receiver');
          }
 
-         /**
-          * Note: the "fetch.Request" default value is available for fetch imported from
-          * the "node-fetch" package and not in browsers. This is OK since browsers
-          * will be importing umd-polyfill.js from that path "self" is passed the
-          * decorator so the default value will not be used (because browsers that define
-          * fetch also has Request). One quirky setup where self.fetch exists but
-          * self.Request does not is when the "unfetch" minimal fetch polyfill is used
-          * on top of IE11; for this case the browser will try to use the fetch.Request
-          * default value which in turn will be undefined but then then "if (Request)"
-          * will ensure that you get a patched fetch but still no Request (as expected).
-          * @param {fetch, Request = fetch.Request}
-          * @returns {fetch: abortableFetch, Request: AbortableRequest}
-          */
+         return regexpExec.call(R, S);
+       };
 
-         function abortableFetchDecorator(patchTargets) {
-           if ('function' === typeof patchTargets) {
-             patchTargets = {
-               fetch: patchTargets
-             };
-           }
+       var REPLACE = wellKnownSymbol('replace');
+       var max$2 = Math.max;
+       var min$5 = Math.min;
 
-           var _patchTargets = patchTargets,
-               fetch = _patchTargets.fetch,
-               _patchTargets$Request = _patchTargets.Request,
-               NativeRequest = _patchTargets$Request === void 0 ? fetch.Request : _patchTargets$Request,
-               NativeAbortController = _patchTargets.AbortController,
-               _patchTargets$__FORCE = _patchTargets.__FORCE_INSTALL_ABORTCONTROLLER_POLYFILL,
-               __FORCE_INSTALL_ABORTCONTROLLER_POLYFILL = _patchTargets$__FORCE === void 0 ? false : _patchTargets$__FORCE;
+       var maybeToString = function (it) {
+         return it === undefined ? it : String(it);
+       };
 
-           if (!polyfillNeeded({
-             fetch: fetch,
-             Request: NativeRequest,
-             AbortController: NativeAbortController,
-             __FORCE_INSTALL_ABORTCONTROLLER_POLYFILL: __FORCE_INSTALL_ABORTCONTROLLER_POLYFILL
-           })) {
-             return {
-               fetch: fetch,
-               Request: Request
-             };
-           }
+       // IE <= 11 replaces $0 with the whole match, as if it was $&
+       // https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6024666/getting-ie-to-replace-a-regex-with-the-literal-string-0
+       var REPLACE_KEEPS_$0 = (function () {
+         // eslint-disable-next-line regexp/prefer-escape-replacement-dollar-char -- required for testing
+         return 'a'.replace(/./, '$0') === '$0';
+       })();
 
-           var Request = NativeRequest; // Note that the "unfetch" minimal fetch polyfill defines fetch() without
-           // defining window.Request, and this polyfill need to work on top of unfetch
-           // hence we only patch it if it's available. Also we don't patch it if signal
-           // is already available on the Request prototype because in this case support
-           // is present and the patching below can cause a crash since it assigns to
-           // request.signal which is technically a read-only property. This latter error
-           // happens when you run the main5.js node-fetch example in the repo
-           // "abortcontroller-polyfill-examples". The exact error is:
-           //   request.signal = init.signal;
-           //   ^
-           // TypeError: Cannot set property signal of #<Request> which has only a getter
+       // Safari <= 13.0.3(?) substitutes nth capture where n>m with an empty string
+       var REGEXP_REPLACE_SUBSTITUTES_UNDEFINED_CAPTURE = (function () {
+         if (/./[REPLACE]) {
+           return /./[REPLACE]('a', '$0') === '';
+         }
+         return false;
+       })();
 
-           if (Request && !Request.prototype.hasOwnProperty('signal') || __FORCE_INSTALL_ABORTCONTROLLER_POLYFILL) {
-             Request = function Request(input, init) {
-               var signal;
+       var REPLACE_SUPPORTS_NAMED_GROUPS = !fails(function () {
+         var re = /./;
+         re.exec = function () {
+           var result = [];
+           result.groups = { a: '7' };
+           return result;
+         };
+         return ''.replace(re, '$<a>') !== '7';
+       });
 
-               if (init && init.signal) {
-                 signal = init.signal; // Never pass init.signal to the native Request implementation when the polyfill has
-                 // been installed because if we're running on top of a browser with a
-                 // working native AbortController (i.e. the polyfill was installed due to
-                 // __FORCE_INSTALL_ABORTCONTROLLER_POLYFILL being set), then passing our
-                 // fake AbortSignal to the native fetch will trigger:
-                 // TypeError: Failed to construct 'Request': member signal is not of type AbortSignal.
+       // @@replace logic
+       fixRegexpWellKnownSymbolLogic('replace', function (_, nativeReplace, maybeCallNative) {
+         var UNSAFE_SUBSTITUTE = REGEXP_REPLACE_SUBSTITUTES_UNDEFINED_CAPTURE ? '$' : '$0';
 
-                 delete init.signal;
+         return [
+           // `String.prototype.replace` method
+           // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-string.prototype.replace
+           function replace(searchValue, replaceValue) {
+             var O = requireObjectCoercible(this);
+             var replacer = searchValue == undefined ? undefined : searchValue[REPLACE];
+             return replacer !== undefined
+               ? replacer.call(searchValue, O, replaceValue)
+               : nativeReplace.call(String(O), searchValue, replaceValue);
+           },
+           // `RegExp.prototype[@@replace]` method
+           // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-regexp.prototype-@@replace
+           function (string, replaceValue) {
+             if (
+               typeof replaceValue === 'string' &&
+               replaceValue.indexOf(UNSAFE_SUBSTITUTE) === -1 &&
+               replaceValue.indexOf('$<') === -1
+             ) {
+               var res = maybeCallNative(nativeReplace, this, string, replaceValue);
+               if (res.done) return res.value;
+             }
+
+             var rx = anObject(this);
+             var S = String(string);
+
+             var functionalReplace = typeof replaceValue === 'function';
+             if (!functionalReplace) replaceValue = String(replaceValue);
+
+             var global = rx.global;
+             if (global) {
+               var fullUnicode = rx.unicode;
+               rx.lastIndex = 0;
+             }
+             var results = [];
+             while (true) {
+               var result = regexpExecAbstract(rx, S);
+               if (result === null) break;
+
+               results.push(result);
+               if (!global) break;
+
+               var matchStr = String(result[0]);
+               if (matchStr === '') rx.lastIndex = advanceStringIndex(S, toLength(rx.lastIndex), fullUnicode);
+             }
+
+             var accumulatedResult = '';
+             var nextSourcePosition = 0;
+             for (var i = 0; i < results.length; i++) {
+               result = results[i];
+
+               var matched = String(result[0]);
+               var position = max$2(min$5(toInteger(result.index), S.length), 0);
+               var captures = [];
+               // NOTE: This is equivalent to
+               //   captures = result.slice(1).map(maybeToString)
+               // but for some reason `nativeSlice.call(result, 1, result.length)` (called in
+               // the slice polyfill when slicing native arrays) "doesn't work" in safari 9 and
+               // causes a crash (https://pastebin.com/N21QzeQA) when trying to debug it.
+               for (var j = 1; j < result.length; j++) captures.push(maybeToString(result[j]));
+               var namedCaptures = result.groups;
+               if (functionalReplace) {
+                 var replacerArgs = [matched].concat(captures, position, S);
+                 if (namedCaptures !== undefined) replacerArgs.push(namedCaptures);
+                 var replacement = String(replaceValue.apply(undefined, replacerArgs));
+               } else {
+                 replacement = getSubstitution(matched, S, position, captures, namedCaptures, replaceValue);
                }
-
-               var request = new NativeRequest(input, init);
-
-               if (signal) {
-                 Object.defineProperty(request, 'signal', {
-                   writable: false,
-                   enumerable: false,
-                   configurable: true,
-                   value: signal
-                 });
+               if (position >= nextSourcePosition) {
+                 accumulatedResult += S.slice(nextSourcePosition, position) + replacement;
+                 nextSourcePosition = position + matched.length;
                }
-
-               return request;
-             };
-
-             Request.prototype = NativeRequest.prototype;
+             }
+             return accumulatedResult + S.slice(nextSourcePosition);
            }
+         ];
+       }, !REPLACE_SUPPORTS_NAMED_GROUPS || !REPLACE_KEEPS_$0 || REGEXP_REPLACE_SUBSTITUTES_UNDEFINED_CAPTURE);
+
+       var MATCH$2 = wellKnownSymbol('match');
+
+       // `IsRegExp` abstract operation
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-isregexp
+       var isRegexp = function (it) {
+         var isRegExp;
+         return isObject$4(it) && ((isRegExp = it[MATCH$2]) !== undefined ? !!isRegExp : classofRaw(it) == 'RegExp');
+       };
+
+       var UNSUPPORTED_Y$1 = regexpStickyHelpers.UNSUPPORTED_Y;
+       var arrayPush = [].push;
+       var min$4 = Math.min;
+       var MAX_UINT32 = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+
+       // Chrome 51 has a buggy "split" implementation when RegExp#exec !== nativeExec
+       // Weex JS has frozen built-in prototypes, so use try / catch wrapper
+       var SPLIT_WORKS_WITH_OVERWRITTEN_EXEC = !fails(function () {
+         // eslint-disable-next-line regexp/no-empty-group -- required for testing
+         var re = /(?:)/;
+         var originalExec = re.exec;
+         re.exec = function () { return originalExec.apply(this, arguments); };
+         var result = 'ab'.split(re);
+         return result.length !== 2 || result[0] !== 'a' || result[1] !== 'b';
+       });
 
-           var realFetch = fetch;
-
-           var abortableFetch = function abortableFetch(input, init) {
-             var signal = Request && Request.prototype.isPrototypeOf(input) ? input.signal : init ? init.signal : undefined;
-
-             if (signal) {
-               var abortError;
+       // @@split logic
+       fixRegexpWellKnownSymbolLogic('split', function (SPLIT, nativeSplit, maybeCallNative) {
+         var internalSplit;
+         if (
+           'abbc'.split(/(b)*/)[1] == 'c' ||
+           // eslint-disable-next-line regexp/no-empty-group -- required for testing
+           'test'.split(/(?:)/, -1).length != 4 ||
+           'ab'.split(/(?:ab)*/).length != 2 ||
+           '.'.split(/(.?)(.?)/).length != 4 ||
+           // eslint-disable-next-line regexp/no-assertion-capturing-group, regexp/no-empty-group -- required for testing
+           '.'.split(/()()/).length > 1 ||
+           ''.split(/.?/).length
+         ) {
+           // based on es5-shim implementation, need to rework it
+           internalSplit = function (separator, limit) {
+             var string = String(requireObjectCoercible(this));
+             var lim = limit === undefined ? MAX_UINT32 : limit >>> 0;
+             if (lim === 0) return [];
+             if (separator === undefined) return [string];
+             // If `separator` is not a regex, use native split
+             if (!isRegexp(separator)) {
+               return nativeSplit.call(string, separator, lim);
+             }
+             var output = [];
+             var flags = (separator.ignoreCase ? 'i' : '') +
+                         (separator.multiline ? 'm' : '') +
+                         (separator.unicode ? 'u' : '') +
+                         (separator.sticky ? 'y' : '');
+             var lastLastIndex = 0;
+             // Make `global` and avoid `lastIndex` issues by working with a copy
+             var separatorCopy = new RegExp(separator.source, flags + 'g');
+             var match, lastIndex, lastLength;
+             while (match = regexpExec.call(separatorCopy, string)) {
+               lastIndex = separatorCopy.lastIndex;
+               if (lastIndex > lastLastIndex) {
+                 output.push(string.slice(lastLastIndex, match.index));
+                 if (match.length > 1 && match.index < string.length) arrayPush.apply(output, match.slice(1));
+                 lastLength = match[0].length;
+                 lastLastIndex = lastIndex;
+                 if (output.length >= lim) break;
+               }
+               if (separatorCopy.lastIndex === match.index) separatorCopy.lastIndex++; // Avoid an infinite loop
+             }
+             if (lastLastIndex === string.length) {
+               if (lastLength || !separatorCopy.test('')) output.push('');
+             } else output.push(string.slice(lastLastIndex));
+             return output.length > lim ? output.slice(0, lim) : output;
+           };
+         // Chakra, V8
+         } else if ('0'.split(undefined, 0).length) {
+           internalSplit = function (separator, limit) {
+             return separator === undefined && limit === 0 ? [] : nativeSplit.call(this, separator, limit);
+           };
+         } else internalSplit = nativeSplit;
 
-               try {
-                 abortError = new DOMException('Aborted', 'AbortError');
-               } catch (err) {
-                 // IE 11 does not support calling the DOMException constructor, use a
-                 // regular error object on it instead.
-                 abortError = new Error('Aborted');
-                 abortError.name = 'AbortError';
-               } // Return early if already aborted, thus avoiding making an HTTP request
+         return [
+           // `String.prototype.split` method
+           // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-string.prototype.split
+           function split(separator, limit) {
+             var O = requireObjectCoercible(this);
+             var splitter = separator == undefined ? undefined : separator[SPLIT];
+             return splitter !== undefined
+               ? splitter.call(separator, O, limit)
+               : internalSplit.call(String(O), separator, limit);
+           },
+           // `RegExp.prototype[@@split]` method
+           // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-regexp.prototype-@@split
+           //
+           // NOTE: This cannot be properly polyfilled in engines that don't support
+           // the 'y' flag.
+           function (string, limit) {
+             var res = maybeCallNative(internalSplit, this, string, limit, internalSplit !== nativeSplit);
+             if (res.done) return res.value;
+
+             var rx = anObject(this);
+             var S = String(string);
+             var C = speciesConstructor(rx, RegExp);
+
+             var unicodeMatching = rx.unicode;
+             var flags = (rx.ignoreCase ? 'i' : '') +
+                         (rx.multiline ? 'm' : '') +
+                         (rx.unicode ? 'u' : '') +
+                         (UNSUPPORTED_Y$1 ? 'g' : 'y');
+
+             // ^(? + rx + ) is needed, in combination with some S slicing, to
+             // simulate the 'y' flag.
+             var splitter = new C(UNSUPPORTED_Y$1 ? '^(?:' + rx.source + ')' : rx, flags);
+             var lim = limit === undefined ? MAX_UINT32 : limit >>> 0;
+             if (lim === 0) return [];
+             if (S.length === 0) return regexpExecAbstract(splitter, S) === null ? [S] : [];
+             var p = 0;
+             var q = 0;
+             var A = [];
+             while (q < S.length) {
+               splitter.lastIndex = UNSUPPORTED_Y$1 ? 0 : q;
+               var z = regexpExecAbstract(splitter, UNSUPPORTED_Y$1 ? S.slice(q) : S);
+               var e;
+               if (
+                 z === null ||
+                 (e = min$4(toLength(splitter.lastIndex + (UNSUPPORTED_Y$1 ? q : 0)), S.length)) === p
+               ) {
+                 q = advanceStringIndex(S, q, unicodeMatching);
+               } else {
+                 A.push(S.slice(p, q));
+                 if (A.length === lim) return A;
+                 for (var i = 1; i <= z.length - 1; i++) {
+                   A.push(z[i]);
+                   if (A.length === lim) return A;
+                 }
+                 q = p = e;
+               }
+             }
+             A.push(S.slice(p));
+             return A;
+           }
+         ];
+       }, !SPLIT_WORKS_WITH_OVERWRITTEN_EXEC, UNSUPPORTED_Y$1);
 
+       // a string of all valid unicode whitespaces
+       var whitespaces = '\u0009\u000A\u000B\u000C\u000D\u0020\u00A0\u1680\u2000\u2001\u2002' +
+         '\u2003\u2004\u2005\u2006\u2007\u2008\u2009\u200A\u202F\u205F\u3000\u2028\u2029\uFEFF';
 
-               if (signal.aborted) {
-                 return Promise.reject(abortError);
-               } // Turn an event into a promise, reject it once `abort` is dispatched
+       var whitespace = '[' + whitespaces + ']';
+       var ltrim = RegExp('^' + whitespace + whitespace + '*');
+       var rtrim$2 = RegExp(whitespace + whitespace + '*$');
 
+       // `String.prototype.{ trim, trimStart, trimEnd, trimLeft, trimRight }` methods implementation
+       var createMethod$2 = function (TYPE) {
+         return function ($this) {
+           var string = String(requireObjectCoercible($this));
+           if (TYPE & 1) string = string.replace(ltrim, '');
+           if (TYPE & 2) string = string.replace(rtrim$2, '');
+           return string;
+         };
+       };
 
-               var cancellation = new Promise(function (_, reject) {
-                 signal.addEventListener('abort', function () {
-                   return reject(abortError);
-                 }, {
-                   once: true
-                 });
-               });
+       var stringTrim = {
+         // `String.prototype.{ trimLeft, trimStart }` methods
+         // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-string.prototype.trimstart
+         start: createMethod$2(1),
+         // `String.prototype.{ trimRight, trimEnd }` methods
+         // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-string.prototype.trimend
+         end: createMethod$2(2),
+         // `String.prototype.trim` method
+         // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-string.prototype.trim
+         trim: createMethod$2(3)
+       };
 
-               if (init && init.signal) {
-                 // Never pass .signal to the native implementation when the polyfill has
-                 // been installed because if we're running on top of a browser with a
-                 // working native AbortController (i.e. the polyfill was installed due to
-                 // __FORCE_INSTALL_ABORTCONTROLLER_POLYFILL being set), then passing our
-                 // fake AbortSignal to the native fetch will trigger:
-                 // TypeError: Failed to execute 'fetch' on 'Window': member signal is not of type AbortSignal.
-                 delete init.signal;
-               } // Return the fastest promise (don't need to wait for request to finish)
+       var non = '\u200B\u0085\u180E';
 
+       // check that a method works with the correct list
+       // of whitespaces and has a correct name
+       var stringTrimForced = function (METHOD_NAME) {
+         return fails(function () {
+           return !!whitespaces[METHOD_NAME]() || non[METHOD_NAME]() != non || whitespaces[METHOD_NAME].name !== METHOD_NAME;
+         });
+       };
 
-               return Promise.race([cancellation, realFetch(input, init)]);
-             }
+       var $trim = stringTrim.trim;
 
-             return realFetch(input, init);
-           };
 
-           return {
-             fetch: abortableFetch,
-             Request: Request
-           };
+       // `String.prototype.trim` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-string.prototype.trim
+       _export({ target: 'String', proto: true, forced: stringTrimForced('trim') }, {
+         trim: function trim() {
+           return $trim(this);
          }
+       });
 
-         (function (self) {
+       var defineProperty$3 = objectDefineProperty.f;
 
-           if (!polyfillNeeded(self)) {
-             return;
-           }
+       var FunctionPrototype = Function.prototype;
+       var FunctionPrototypeToString = FunctionPrototype.toString;
+       var nameRE = /^\s*function ([^ (]*)/;
+       var NAME = 'name';
 
-           if (!self.fetch) {
-             console.warn('fetch() is not available, cannot install abortcontroller-polyfill');
-             return;
+       // Function instances `.name` property
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-function-instances-name
+       if (descriptors && !(NAME in FunctionPrototype)) {
+         defineProperty$3(FunctionPrototype, NAME, {
+           configurable: true,
+           get: function () {
+             try {
+               return FunctionPrototypeToString.call(this).match(nameRE)[1];
+             } catch (error) {
+               return '';
+             }
            }
-
-           var _abortableFetch = abortableFetchDecorator(self),
-               fetch = _abortableFetch.fetch,
-               Request = _abortableFetch.Request;
-
-           self.fetch = fetch;
-           self.Request = Request;
-           Object.defineProperty(self, 'AbortController', {
-             writable: true,
-             enumerable: false,
-             configurable: true,
-             value: AbortController
-           });
-           Object.defineProperty(self, 'AbortSignal', {
-             writable: true,
-             enumerable: false,
-             configurable: true,
-             value: AbortSignal
-           });
-         })(typeof self !== 'undefined' ? self : commonjsGlobal);
-
-       })));
-
-       function actionAddEntity(way) {
-           return function(graph) {
-               return graph.replace(way);
-           };
+         });
        }
 
-       /*
-       Order the nodes of a way in reverse order and reverse any direction dependent tags
-       other than `oneway`. (We assume that correcting a backwards oneway is the primary
-       reason for reversing a way.)
-
-       In addition, numeric-valued `incline` tags are negated.
-
-       The JOSM implementation was used as a guide, but transformations that were of unclear benefit
-       or adjusted tags that don't seem to be used in practice were omitted.
-
-       References:
-           http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Forward_%26_backward,_left_%26_right
-           http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Key:direction#Steps
-           http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Key:incline
-           http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Route#Members
-           http://josm.openstreetmap.de/browser/josm/trunk/src/org/openstreetmap/josm/corrector/ReverseWayTagCorrector.java
-           http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Tag:highway%3Dstop
-           http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Key:traffic_sign#On_a_way_or_area
-       */
-       function actionReverse(entityID, options) {
-           var ignoreKey = /^.*(_|:)?(description|name|note|website|ref|source|comment|watch|attribution)(_|:)?/;
-           var numeric = /^([+\-]?)(?=[\d.])/;
-           var directionKey = /direction$/;
-           var turn_lanes = /^turn:lanes:?/;
-           var keyReplacements = [
-               [/:right$/, ':left'],
-               [/:left$/, ':right'],
-               [/:forward$/, ':backward'],
-               [/:backward$/, ':forward'],
-               [/:right:/, ':left:'],
-               [/:left:/, ':right:'],
-               [/:forward:/, ':backward:'],
-               [/:backward:/, ':forward:']
-           ];
-           var valueReplacements = {
-               left: 'right',
-               right: 'left',
-               up: 'down',
-               down: 'up',
-               forward: 'backward',
-               backward: 'forward',
-               forwards: 'backward',
-               backwards: 'forward',
-           };
-           var roleReplacements = {
-               forward: 'backward',
-               backward: 'forward',
-               forwards: 'backward',
-               backwards: 'forward'
-           };
-           var onewayReplacements = {
-               yes: '-1',
-               '1': '-1',
-               '-1': 'yes'
-           };
-
-           var compassReplacements = {
-               N: 'S',
-               NNE: 'SSW',
-               NE: 'SW',
-               ENE: 'WSW',
-               E: 'W',
-               ESE: 'WNW',
-               SE: 'NW',
-               SSE: 'NNW',
-               S: 'N',
-               SSW: 'NNE',
-               SW: 'NE',
-               WSW: 'ENE',
-               W: 'E',
-               WNW: 'ESE',
-               NW: 'SE',
-               NNW: 'SSE'
-           };
+       // `Object.create` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-object.create
+       _export({ target: 'Object', stat: true, sham: !descriptors }, {
+         create: objectCreate
+       });
 
+       var slice$3 = [].slice;
+       var MSIE = /MSIE .\./.test(engineUserAgent); // <- dirty ie9- check
+
+       var wrap$1 = function (scheduler) {
+         return function (handler, timeout /* , ...arguments */) {
+           var boundArgs = arguments.length > 2;
+           var args = boundArgs ? slice$3.call(arguments, 2) : undefined;
+           return scheduler(boundArgs ? function () {
+             // eslint-disable-next-line no-new-func -- spec requirement
+             (typeof handler == 'function' ? handler : Function(handler)).apply(this, args);
+           } : handler, timeout);
+         };
+       };
+
+       // ie9- setTimeout & setInterval additional parameters fix
+       // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/timers-and-user-prompts.html#timers
+       _export({ global: true, bind: true, forced: MSIE }, {
+         // `setTimeout` method
+         // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/timers-and-user-prompts.html#dom-settimeout
+         setTimeout: wrap$1(global$2.setTimeout),
+         // `setInterval` method
+         // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/timers-and-user-prompts.html#dom-setinterval
+         setInterval: wrap$1(global$2.setInterval)
+       });
 
-           function reverseKey(key) {
-               for (var i = 0; i < keyReplacements.length; ++i) {
-                   var replacement = keyReplacements[i];
-                   if (replacement[0].test(key)) {
-                       return key.replace(replacement[0], replacement[1]);
-                   }
-               }
-               return key;
+       var global$1 = typeof globalThis !== 'undefined' && globalThis || typeof self !== 'undefined' && self || typeof global$1 !== 'undefined' && global$1;
+       var support = {
+         searchParams: 'URLSearchParams' in global$1,
+         iterable: 'Symbol' in global$1 && 'iterator' in Symbol,
+         blob: 'FileReader' in global$1 && 'Blob' in global$1 && function () {
+           try {
+             new Blob();
+             return true;
+           } catch (e) {
+             return false;
            }
+         }(),
+         formData: 'FormData' in global$1,
+         arrayBuffer: 'ArrayBuffer' in global$1
+       };
 
+       function isDataView(obj) {
+         return obj && DataView.prototype.isPrototypeOf(obj);
+       }
 
-           function reverseValue(key, value, includeAbsolute) {
-               if (ignoreKey.test(key)) return value;
-
-               // Turn lanes are left/right to key (not way) direction - #5674
-               if (turn_lanes.test(key)) {
-                   return value;
-
-               } else if (key === 'incline' && numeric.test(value)) {
-                   return value.replace(numeric, function(_, sign) { return sign === '-' ? '' : '-'; });
-
-               } else if (options && options.reverseOneway && key === 'oneway') {
-                   return onewayReplacements[value] || value;
-
-               } else if (includeAbsolute && directionKey.test(key)) {
-                   if (compassReplacements[value]) return compassReplacements[value];
-
-                   var degrees = parseFloat(value);
-                   if (typeof degrees === 'number' && !isNaN(degrees)) {
-                       if (degrees < 180) {
-                           degrees += 180;
-                       } else {
-                           degrees -= 180;
-                       }
-                       return degrees.toString();
-                   }
-               }
-
-               return valueReplacements[value] || value;
-           }
+       if (support.arrayBuffer) {
+         var viewClasses = ['[object Int8Array]', '[object Uint8Array]', '[object Uint8ClampedArray]', '[object Int16Array]', '[object Uint16Array]', '[object Int32Array]', '[object Uint32Array]', '[object Float32Array]', '[object Float64Array]'];
 
+         var isArrayBufferView = ArrayBuffer.isView || function (obj) {
+           return obj && viewClasses.indexOf(Object.prototype.toString.call(obj)) > -1;
+         };
+       }
 
-           // Reverse the direction of tags attached to the nodes - #3076
-           function reverseNodeTags(graph, nodeIDs) {
-               for (var i = 0; i < nodeIDs.length; i++) {
-                   var node = graph.hasEntity(nodeIDs[i]);
-                   if (!node || !Object.keys(node.tags).length) continue;
+       function normalizeName(name) {
+         if (typeof name !== 'string') {
+           name = String(name);
+         }
 
-                   var tags = {};
-                   for (var key in node.tags) {
-                       tags[reverseKey(key)] = reverseValue(key, node.tags[key], node.id === entityID);
-                   }
-                   graph = graph.replace(node.update({tags: tags}));
-               }
-               return graph;
-           }
+         if (/[^a-z0-9\-#$%&'*+.^_`|~!]/i.test(name) || name === '') {
+           throw new TypeError('Invalid character in header field name: "' + name + '"');
+         }
 
+         return name.toLowerCase();
+       }
 
-           function reverseWay(graph, way) {
-               var nodes = way.nodes.slice().reverse();
-               var tags = {};
-               var role;
+       function normalizeValue(value) {
+         if (typeof value !== 'string') {
+           value = String(value);
+         }
 
-               for (var key in way.tags) {
-                   tags[reverseKey(key)] = reverseValue(key, way.tags[key]);
-               }
+         return value;
+       } // Build a destructive iterator for the value list
 
-               graph.parentRelations(way).forEach(function(relation) {
-                   relation.members.forEach(function(member, index) {
-                       if (member.id === way.id && (role = roleReplacements[member.role])) {
-                           relation = relation.updateMember({role: role}, index);
-                           graph = graph.replace(relation);
-                       }
-                   });
-               });
 
-               // Reverse any associated directions on nodes on the way and then replace
-               // the way itself with the reversed node ids and updated way tags
-               return reverseNodeTags(graph, nodes)
-                   .replace(way.update({nodes: nodes, tags: tags}));
+       function iteratorFor(items) {
+         var iterator = {
+           next: function next() {
+             var value = items.shift();
+             return {
+               done: value === undefined,
+               value: value
+             };
            }
+         };
 
-
-           var action = function(graph) {
-               var entity = graph.entity(entityID);
-               if (entity.type === 'way') {
-                   return reverseWay(graph, entity);
-               }
-               return reverseNodeTags(graph, [entityID]);
-           };
-
-           action.disabled = function(graph) {
-               var entity = graph.hasEntity(entityID);
-               if (!entity || entity.type === 'way') return false;
-
-               for (var key in entity.tags) {
-                   var value = entity.tags[key];
-                   if (reverseKey(key) !== key || reverseValue(key, value, true) !== value) {
-                       return false;
-                   }
-               }
-               return 'nondirectional_node';
-           };
-
-           action.entityID = function() {
-               return entityID;
+         if (support.iterable) {
+           iterator[Symbol.iterator] = function () {
+             return iterator;
            };
+         }
 
-           return action;
-       }
-
-       function osmIsInterestingTag(key) {
-           return key !== 'attribution' &&
-               key !== 'created_by' &&
-               key !== 'source' &&
-               key !== 'odbl' &&
-               key.indexOf('source:') !== 0 &&
-               key.indexOf('source_ref') !== 0 && // purposely exclude colon
-               key.indexOf('tiger:') !== 0;
+         return iterator;
        }
 
-       var osmAreaKeys = {};
-       function osmSetAreaKeys(value) {
-           osmAreaKeys = value;
-       }
+       function Headers(headers) {
+         this.map = {};
 
-       // returns an object with the tag from `tags` that implies an area geometry, if any
-       function osmTagSuggestingArea(tags) {
-           if (tags.area === 'yes') return { area: 'yes' };
-           if (tags.area === 'no') return null;
-
-           // `highway` and `railway` are typically linear features, but there
-           // are a few exceptions that should be treated as areas, even in the
-           // absence of a proper `area=yes` or `areaKeys` tag.. see #4194
-           var lineKeys = {
-               highway: {
-                   rest_area: true,
-                   services: true
-               },
-               railway: {
-                   roundhouse: true,
-                   station: true,
-                   traverser: true,
-                   turntable: true,
-                   wash: true
-               }
-           };
-           var returnTags = {};
-           for (var key in tags) {
-               if (key in osmAreaKeys && !(tags[key] in osmAreaKeys[key])) {
-                   returnTags[key] = tags[key];
-                   return returnTags;
-               }
-               if (key in lineKeys && tags[key] in lineKeys[key]) {
-                   returnTags[key] = tags[key];
-                   return returnTags;
-               }
-           }
-           return null;
+         if (headers instanceof Headers) {
+           headers.forEach(function (value, name) {
+             this.append(name, value);
+           }, this);
+         } else if (Array.isArray(headers)) {
+           headers.forEach(function (header) {
+             this.append(header[0], header[1]);
+           }, this);
+         } else if (headers) {
+           Object.getOwnPropertyNames(headers).forEach(function (name) {
+             this.append(name, headers[name]);
+           }, this);
+         }
        }
 
-       // Tags that indicate a node can be a standalone point
-       // e.g. { amenity: { bar: true, parking: true, ... } ... }
-       var osmPointTags = {};
-       function osmSetPointTags(value) {
-           osmPointTags = value;
-       }
-       // Tags that indicate a node can be part of a way
-       // e.g. { amenity: { parking: true, ... }, highway: { stop: true ... } ... }
-       var osmVertexTags = {};
-       function osmSetVertexTags(value) {
-           osmVertexTags = value;
-       }
+       Headers.prototype.append = function (name, value) {
+         name = normalizeName(name);
+         value = normalizeValue(value);
+         var oldValue = this.map[name];
+         this.map[name] = oldValue ? oldValue + ', ' + value : value;
+       };
 
-       function osmNodeGeometriesForTags(nodeTags) {
-           var geometries = {};
-           for (var key in nodeTags) {
-               if (osmPointTags[key] &&
-                   (osmPointTags[key]['*'] || osmPointTags[key][nodeTags[key]])) {
-                   geometries.point = true;
-               }
-               if (osmVertexTags[key] &&
-                   (osmVertexTags[key]['*'] || osmVertexTags[key][nodeTags[key]])) {
-                   geometries.vertex = true;
-               }
-               // break early if both are already supported
-               if (geometries.point && geometries.vertex) break;
-           }
-           return geometries;
-       }
+       Headers.prototype['delete'] = function (name) {
+         delete this.map[normalizeName(name)];
+       };
 
-       var osmOneWayTags = {
-           'aerialway': {
-               'chair_lift': true,
-               'drag_lift': true,
-               'j-bar': true,
-               'magic_carpet': true,
-               'mixed_lift': true,
-               'platter': true,
-               'rope_tow': true,
-               't-bar': true,
-               'zip_line': true
-           },
-           'highway': {
-               'motorway': true
-           },
-           'junction': {
-               'circular': true,
-               'roundabout': true
-           },
-           'man_made': {
-               'goods_conveyor': true,
-               'piste:halfpipe': true
-           },
-           'piste:type': {
-               'downhill': true,
-               'sled': true,
-               'yes': true
-           },
-           'waterway': {
-               'canal': true,
-               'ditch': true,
-               'drain': true,
-               'fish_pass': true,
-               'river': true,
-               'stream': true,
-               'tidal_channel': true
-           }
+       Headers.prototype.get = function (name) {
+         name = normalizeName(name);
+         return this.has(name) ? this.map[name] : null;
        };
 
-       // solid and smooth surfaces akin to the assumed default road surface in OSM
-       var osmPavedTags = {
-           'surface': {
-               'paved': true,
-               'asphalt': true,
-               'concrete': true,
-               'concrete:lanes': true,
-               'concrete:plates': true
-           },
-           'tracktype': {
-               'grade1': true
-           }
+       Headers.prototype.has = function (name) {
+         return this.map.hasOwnProperty(normalizeName(name));
        };
 
-       // solid, if somewhat uncommon surfaces with a high range of smoothness
-       var osmSemipavedTags = {
-           'surface': {
-               'cobblestone': true,
-               'cobblestone:flattened': true,
-               'unhewn_cobblestone': true,
-               'sett': true,
-               'paving_stones': true,
-               'metal': true,
-               'wood': true
-           }
+       Headers.prototype.set = function (name, value) {
+         this.map[normalizeName(name)] = normalizeValue(value);
        };
 
-       var osmRightSideIsInsideTags = {
-           'natural': {
-               'cliff': true,
-               'coastline': 'coastline',
-           },
-           'barrier': {
-               'retaining_wall': true,
-               'kerb': true,
-               'guard_rail': true,
-               'city_wall': true,
-           },
-           'man_made': {
-               'embankment': true
-           },
-           'waterway': {
-               'weir': true
+       Headers.prototype.forEach = function (callback, thisArg) {
+         for (var name in this.map) {
+           if (this.map.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
+             callback.call(thisArg, this.map[name], name, this);
            }
+         }
        };
 
-       // "highway" tag values for pedestrian or vehicle right-of-ways that make up the routable network
-       // (does not include `raceway`)
-       var osmRoutableHighwayTagValues = {
-           motorway: true, trunk: true, primary: true, secondary: true, tertiary: true, residential: true,
-           motorway_link: true, trunk_link: true, primary_link: true, secondary_link: true, tertiary_link: true,
-           unclassified: true, road: true, service: true, track: true, living_street: true, bus_guideway: true,
-           path: true, footway: true, cycleway: true, bridleway: true, pedestrian: true, corridor: true, steps: true
-       };
-       // "highway" tag values that generally do not allow motor vehicles
-       var osmPathHighwayTagValues = {
-           path: true, footway: true, cycleway: true, bridleway: true, pedestrian: true, corridor: true, steps: true
+       Headers.prototype.keys = function () {
+         var items = [];
+         this.forEach(function (value, name) {
+           items.push(name);
+         });
+         return iteratorFor(items);
        };
 
-       // "railway" tag values representing existing railroad tracks (purposely does not include 'abandoned')
-       var osmRailwayTrackTagValues = {
-           rail: true, light_rail: true, tram: true, subway: true,
-           monorail: true, funicular: true, miniature: true, narrow_gauge: true,
-           disused: true, preserved: true
+       Headers.prototype.values = function () {
+         var items = [];
+         this.forEach(function (value) {
+           items.push(value);
+         });
+         return iteratorFor(items);
        };
 
-       // "waterway" tag values for line features representing water flow
-       var osmFlowingWaterwayTagValues = {
-           canal: true, ditch: true, drain: true, fish_pass: true, river: true, stream: true, tidal_channel: true
+       Headers.prototype.entries = function () {
+         var items = [];
+         this.forEach(function (value, name) {
+           items.push([name, value]);
+         });
+         return iteratorFor(items);
        };
 
-       // Adds floating point numbers with twice the normal precision.
-       // Reference: J. R. Shewchuk, Adaptive Precision Floating-Point Arithmetic and
-       // Fast Robust Geometric Predicates, Discrete & Computational Geometry 18(3)
-       // 305–363 (1997).
-       // Code adapted from GeographicLib by Charles F. F. Karney,
-       // http://geographiclib.sourceforge.net/
-
-       function adder() {
-         return new Adder;
-       }
-
-       function Adder() {
-         this.reset();
+       if (support.iterable) {
+         Headers.prototype[Symbol.iterator] = Headers.prototype.entries;
        }
 
-       Adder.prototype = {
-         constructor: Adder,
-         reset: function() {
-           this.s = // rounded value
-           this.t = 0; // exact error
-         },
-         add: function(y) {
-           add(temp, y, this.t);
-           add(this, temp.s, this.s);
-           if (this.s) this.t += temp.t;
-           else this.s = temp.t;
-         },
-         valueOf: function() {
-           return this.s;
+       function consumed(body) {
+         if (body.bodyUsed) {
+           return Promise.reject(new TypeError('Already read'));
          }
-       };
-
-       var temp = new Adder;
 
-       function add(adder, a, b) {
-         var x = adder.s = a + b,
-             bv = x - a,
-             av = x - bv;
-         adder.t = (a - av) + (b - bv);
+         body.bodyUsed = true;
        }
 
-       var epsilon = 1e-6;
-       var epsilon2 = 1e-12;
-       var pi = Math.PI;
-       var halfPi = pi / 2;
-       var quarterPi = pi / 4;
-       var tau = pi * 2;
-
-       var degrees = 180 / pi;
-       var radians = pi / 180;
-
-       var abs$2 = Math.abs;
-       var atan = Math.atan;
-       var atan2 = Math.atan2;
-       var cos = Math.cos;
-       var exp = Math.exp;
-       var log = Math.log;
-       var sin = Math.sin;
-       var sign$2 = Math.sign || function(x) { return x > 0 ? 1 : x < 0 ? -1 : 0; };
-       var sqrt = Math.sqrt;
-       var tan = Math.tan;
+       function fileReaderReady(reader) {
+         return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
+           reader.onload = function () {
+             resolve(reader.result);
+           };
 
-       function acos(x) {
-         return x > 1 ? 0 : x < -1 ? pi : Math.acos(x);
+           reader.onerror = function () {
+             reject(reader.error);
+           };
+         });
        }
 
-       function asin(x) {
-         return x > 1 ? halfPi : x < -1 ? -halfPi : Math.asin(x);
+       function readBlobAsArrayBuffer(blob) {
+         var reader = new FileReader();
+         var promise = fileReaderReady(reader);
+         reader.readAsArrayBuffer(blob);
+         return promise;
        }
 
-       function noop$2() {}
-
-       function streamGeometry(geometry, stream) {
-         if (geometry && streamGeometryType.hasOwnProperty(geometry.type)) {
-           streamGeometryType[geometry.type](geometry, stream);
-         }
+       function readBlobAsText(blob) {
+         var reader = new FileReader();
+         var promise = fileReaderReady(reader);
+         reader.readAsText(blob);
+         return promise;
        }
 
-       var streamObjectType = {
-         Feature: function(object, stream) {
-           streamGeometry(object.geometry, stream);
-         },
-         FeatureCollection: function(object, stream) {
-           var features = object.features, i = -1, n = features.length;
-           while (++i < n) streamGeometry(features[i].geometry, stream);
-         }
-       };
+       function readArrayBufferAsText(buf) {
+         var view = new Uint8Array(buf);
+         var chars = new Array(view.length);
 
-       var streamGeometryType = {
-         Sphere: function(object, stream) {
-           stream.sphere();
-         },
-         Point: function(object, stream) {
-           object = object.coordinates;
-           stream.point(object[0], object[1], object[2]);
-         },
-         MultiPoint: function(object, stream) {
-           var coordinates = object.coordinates, i = -1, n = coordinates.length;
-           while (++i < n) object = coordinates[i], stream.point(object[0], object[1], object[2]);
-         },
-         LineString: function(object, stream) {
-           streamLine(object.coordinates, stream, 0);
-         },
-         MultiLineString: function(object, stream) {
-           var coordinates = object.coordinates, i = -1, n = coordinates.length;
-           while (++i < n) streamLine(coordinates[i], stream, 0);
-         },
-         Polygon: function(object, stream) {
-           streamPolygon(object.coordinates, stream);
-         },
-         MultiPolygon: function(object, stream) {
-           var coordinates = object.coordinates, i = -1, n = coordinates.length;
-           while (++i < n) streamPolygon(coordinates[i], stream);
-         },
-         GeometryCollection: function(object, stream) {
-           var geometries = object.geometries, i = -1, n = geometries.length;
-           while (++i < n) streamGeometry(geometries[i], stream);
+         for (var i = 0; i < view.length; i++) {
+           chars[i] = String.fromCharCode(view[i]);
          }
-       };
-
-       function streamLine(coordinates, stream, closed) {
-         var i = -1, n = coordinates.length - closed, coordinate;
-         stream.lineStart();
-         while (++i < n) coordinate = coordinates[i], stream.point(coordinate[0], coordinate[1], coordinate[2]);
-         stream.lineEnd();
-       }
 
-       function streamPolygon(coordinates, stream) {
-         var i = -1, n = coordinates.length;
-         stream.polygonStart();
-         while (++i < n) streamLine(coordinates[i], stream, 1);
-         stream.polygonEnd();
+         return chars.join('');
        }
 
-       function d3_geoStream(object, stream) {
-         if (object && streamObjectType.hasOwnProperty(object.type)) {
-           streamObjectType[object.type](object, stream);
+       function bufferClone(buf) {
+         if (buf.slice) {
+           return buf.slice(0);
          } else {
-           streamGeometry(object, stream);
+           var view = new Uint8Array(buf.byteLength);
+           view.set(new Uint8Array(buf));
+           return view.buffer;
          }
        }
 
-       var areaRingSum = adder();
+       function Body() {
+         this.bodyUsed = false;
 
-       var areaSum = adder(),
-           lambda00,
-           phi00,
-           lambda0,
-           cosPhi0,
-           sinPhi0;
+         this._initBody = function (body) {
+           /*
+             fetch-mock wraps the Response object in an ES6 Proxy to
+             provide useful test harness features such as flush. However, on
+             ES5 browsers without fetch or Proxy support pollyfills must be used;
+             the proxy-pollyfill is unable to proxy an attribute unless it exists
+             on the object before the Proxy is created. This change ensures
+             Response.bodyUsed exists on the instance, while maintaining the
+             semantic of setting Request.bodyUsed in the constructor before
+             _initBody is called.
+           */
+           this.bodyUsed = this.bodyUsed;
+           this._bodyInit = body;
 
-       var areaStream = {
-         point: noop$2,
-         lineStart: noop$2,
-         lineEnd: noop$2,
-         polygonStart: function() {
-           areaRingSum.reset();
-           areaStream.lineStart = areaRingStart;
-           areaStream.lineEnd = areaRingEnd;
-         },
-         polygonEnd: function() {
-           var areaRing = +areaRingSum;
-           areaSum.add(areaRing < 0 ? tau + areaRing : areaRing);
-           this.lineStart = this.lineEnd = this.point = noop$2;
-         },
-         sphere: function() {
-           areaSum.add(tau);
-         }
-       };
+           if (!body) {
+             this._bodyText = '';
+           } else if (typeof body === 'string') {
+             this._bodyText = body;
+           } else if (support.blob && Blob.prototype.isPrototypeOf(body)) {
+             this._bodyBlob = body;
+           } else if (support.formData && FormData.prototype.isPrototypeOf(body)) {
+             this._bodyFormData = body;
+           } else if (support.searchParams && URLSearchParams.prototype.isPrototypeOf(body)) {
+             this._bodyText = body.toString();
+           } else if (support.arrayBuffer && support.blob && isDataView(body)) {
+             this._bodyArrayBuffer = bufferClone(body.buffer); // IE 10-11 can't handle a DataView body.
 
-       function areaRingStart() {
-         areaStream.point = areaPointFirst;
-       }
+             this._bodyInit = new Blob([this._bodyArrayBuffer]);
+           } else if (support.arrayBuffer && (ArrayBuffer.prototype.isPrototypeOf(body) || isArrayBufferView(body))) {
+             this._bodyArrayBuffer = bufferClone(body);
+           } else {
+             this._bodyText = body = Object.prototype.toString.call(body);
+           }
 
-       function areaRingEnd() {
-         areaPoint(lambda00, phi00);
-       }
+           if (!this.headers.get('content-type')) {
+             if (typeof body === 'string') {
+               this.headers.set('content-type', 'text/plain;charset=UTF-8');
+             } else if (this._bodyBlob && this._bodyBlob.type) {
+               this.headers.set('content-type', this._bodyBlob.type);
+             } else if (support.searchParams && URLSearchParams.prototype.isPrototypeOf(body)) {
+               this.headers.set('content-type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8');
+             }
+           }
+         };
 
-       function areaPointFirst(lambda, phi) {
-         areaStream.point = areaPoint;
-         lambda00 = lambda, phi00 = phi;
-         lambda *= radians, phi *= radians;
-         lambda0 = lambda, cosPhi0 = cos(phi = phi / 2 + quarterPi), sinPhi0 = sin(phi);
-       }
+         if (support.blob) {
+           this.blob = function () {
+             var rejected = consumed(this);
 
-       function areaPoint(lambda, phi) {
-         lambda *= radians, phi *= radians;
-         phi = phi / 2 + quarterPi; // half the angular distance from south pole
+             if (rejected) {
+               return rejected;
+             }
 
-         // Spherical excess E for a spherical triangle with vertices: south pole,
-         // previous point, current point.  Uses a formula derived from Cagnoli’s
-         // theorem.  See Todhunter, Spherical Trig. (1871), Sec. 103, Eq. (2).
-         var dLambda = lambda - lambda0,
-             sdLambda = dLambda >= 0 ? 1 : -1,
-             adLambda = sdLambda * dLambda,
-             cosPhi = cos(phi),
-             sinPhi = sin(phi),
-             k = sinPhi0 * sinPhi,
-             u = cosPhi0 * cosPhi + k * cos(adLambda),
-             v = k * sdLambda * sin(adLambda);
-         areaRingSum.add(atan2(v, u));
+             if (this._bodyBlob) {
+               return Promise.resolve(this._bodyBlob);
+             } else if (this._bodyArrayBuffer) {
+               return Promise.resolve(new Blob([this._bodyArrayBuffer]));
+             } else if (this._bodyFormData) {
+               throw new Error('could not read FormData body as blob');
+             } else {
+               return Promise.resolve(new Blob([this._bodyText]));
+             }
+           };
 
-         // Advance the previous points.
-         lambda0 = lambda, cosPhi0 = cosPhi, sinPhi0 = sinPhi;
-       }
+           this.arrayBuffer = function () {
+             if (this._bodyArrayBuffer) {
+               var isConsumed = consumed(this);
 
-       function d3_geoArea(object) {
-         areaSum.reset();
-         d3_geoStream(object, areaStream);
-         return areaSum * 2;
-       }
+               if (isConsumed) {
+                 return isConsumed;
+               }
 
-       function spherical(cartesian) {
-         return [atan2(cartesian[1], cartesian[0]), asin(cartesian[2])];
-       }
+               if (ArrayBuffer.isView(this._bodyArrayBuffer)) {
+                 return Promise.resolve(this._bodyArrayBuffer.buffer.slice(this._bodyArrayBuffer.byteOffset, this._bodyArrayBuffer.byteOffset + this._bodyArrayBuffer.byteLength));
+               } else {
+                 return Promise.resolve(this._bodyArrayBuffer);
+               }
+             } else {
+               return this.blob().then(readBlobAsArrayBuffer);
+             }
+           };
+         }
 
-       function cartesian(spherical) {
-         var lambda = spherical[0], phi = spherical[1], cosPhi = cos(phi);
-         return [cosPhi * cos(lambda), cosPhi * sin(lambda), sin(phi)];
-       }
+         this.text = function () {
+           var rejected = consumed(this);
 
-       function cartesianDot(a, b) {
-         return a[0] * b[0] + a[1] * b[1] + a[2] * b[2];
-       }
+           if (rejected) {
+             return rejected;
+           }
 
-       function cartesianCross(a, b) {
-         return [a[1] * b[2] - a[2] * b[1], a[2] * b[0] - a[0] * b[2], a[0] * b[1] - a[1] * b[0]];
-       }
+           if (this._bodyBlob) {
+             return readBlobAsText(this._bodyBlob);
+           } else if (this._bodyArrayBuffer) {
+             return Promise.resolve(readArrayBufferAsText(this._bodyArrayBuffer));
+           } else if (this._bodyFormData) {
+             throw new Error('could not read FormData body as text');
+           } else {
+             return Promise.resolve(this._bodyText);
+           }
+         };
 
-       // TODO return a
-       function cartesianAddInPlace(a, b) {
-         a[0] += b[0], a[1] += b[1], a[2] += b[2];
-       }
+         if (support.formData) {
+           this.formData = function () {
+             return this.text().then(decode);
+           };
+         }
 
-       function cartesianScale(vector, k) {
-         return [vector[0] * k, vector[1] * k, vector[2] * k];
-       }
+         this.json = function () {
+           return this.text().then(JSON.parse);
+         };
 
-       // TODO return d
-       function cartesianNormalizeInPlace(d) {
-         var l = sqrt(d[0] * d[0] + d[1] * d[1] + d[2] * d[2]);
-         d[0] /= l, d[1] /= l, d[2] /= l;
-       }
+         return this;
+       } // HTTP methods whose capitalization should be normalized
 
-       var lambda0$1, phi0, lambda1, phi1, // bounds
-           lambda2, // previous lambda-coordinate
-           lambda00$1, phi00$1, // first point
-           p0, // previous 3D point
-           deltaSum = adder(),
-           ranges,
-           range;
 
-       var boundsStream = {
-         point: boundsPoint,
-         lineStart: boundsLineStart,
-         lineEnd: boundsLineEnd,
-         polygonStart: function() {
-           boundsStream.point = boundsRingPoint;
-           boundsStream.lineStart = boundsRingStart;
-           boundsStream.lineEnd = boundsRingEnd;
-           deltaSum.reset();
-           areaStream.polygonStart();
-         },
-         polygonEnd: function() {
-           areaStream.polygonEnd();
-           boundsStream.point = boundsPoint;
-           boundsStream.lineStart = boundsLineStart;
-           boundsStream.lineEnd = boundsLineEnd;
-           if (areaRingSum < 0) lambda0$1 = -(lambda1 = 180), phi0 = -(phi1 = 90);
-           else if (deltaSum > epsilon) phi1 = 90;
-           else if (deltaSum < -epsilon) phi0 = -90;
-           range[0] = lambda0$1, range[1] = lambda1;
-         },
-         sphere: function() {
-           lambda0$1 = -(lambda1 = 180), phi0 = -(phi1 = 90);
-         }
-       };
+       var methods = ['DELETE', 'GET', 'HEAD', 'OPTIONS', 'POST', 'PUT'];
 
-       function boundsPoint(lambda, phi) {
-         ranges.push(range = [lambda0$1 = lambda, lambda1 = lambda]);
-         if (phi < phi0) phi0 = phi;
-         if (phi > phi1) phi1 = phi;
+       function normalizeMethod(method) {
+         var upcased = method.toUpperCase();
+         return methods.indexOf(upcased) > -1 ? upcased : method;
        }
 
-       function linePoint(lambda, phi) {
-         var p = cartesian([lambda * radians, phi * radians]);
-         if (p0) {
-           var normal = cartesianCross(p0, p),
-               equatorial = [normal[1], -normal[0], 0],
-               inflection = cartesianCross(equatorial, normal);
-           cartesianNormalizeInPlace(inflection);
-           inflection = spherical(inflection);
-           var delta = lambda - lambda2,
-               sign = delta > 0 ? 1 : -1,
-               lambdai = inflection[0] * degrees * sign,
-               phii,
-               antimeridian = abs$2(delta) > 180;
-           if (antimeridian ^ (sign * lambda2 < lambdai && lambdai < sign * lambda)) {
-             phii = inflection[1] * degrees;
-             if (phii > phi1) phi1 = phii;
-           } else if (lambdai = (lambdai + 360) % 360 - 180, antimeridian ^ (sign * lambda2 < lambdai && lambdai < sign * lambda)) {
-             phii = -inflection[1] * degrees;
-             if (phii < phi0) phi0 = phii;
-           } else {
-             if (phi < phi0) phi0 = phi;
-             if (phi > phi1) phi1 = phi;
+       function Request(input, options) {
+         if (!(this instanceof Request)) {
+           throw new TypeError('Please use the "new" operator, this DOM object constructor cannot be called as a function.');
+         }
+
+         options = options || {};
+         var body = options.body;
+
+         if (input instanceof Request) {
+           if (input.bodyUsed) {
+             throw new TypeError('Already read');
            }
-           if (antimeridian) {
-             if (lambda < lambda2) {
-               if (angle(lambda0$1, lambda) > angle(lambda0$1, lambda1)) lambda1 = lambda;
-             } else {
-               if (angle(lambda, lambda1) > angle(lambda0$1, lambda1)) lambda0$1 = lambda;
-             }
-           } else {
-             if (lambda1 >= lambda0$1) {
-               if (lambda < lambda0$1) lambda0$1 = lambda;
-               if (lambda > lambda1) lambda1 = lambda;
-             } else {
-               if (lambda > lambda2) {
-                 if (angle(lambda0$1, lambda) > angle(lambda0$1, lambda1)) lambda1 = lambda;
-               } else {
-                 if (angle(lambda, lambda1) > angle(lambda0$1, lambda1)) lambda0$1 = lambda;
-               }
-             }
+
+           this.url = input.url;
+           this.credentials = input.credentials;
+
+           if (!options.headers) {
+             this.headers = new Headers(input.headers);
+           }
+
+           this.method = input.method;
+           this.mode = input.mode;
+           this.signal = input.signal;
+
+           if (!body && input._bodyInit != null) {
+             body = input._bodyInit;
+             input.bodyUsed = true;
            }
          } else {
-           ranges.push(range = [lambda0$1 = lambda, lambda1 = lambda]);
+           this.url = String(input);
          }
-         if (phi < phi0) phi0 = phi;
-         if (phi > phi1) phi1 = phi;
-         p0 = p, lambda2 = lambda;
-       }
 
-       function boundsLineStart() {
-         boundsStream.point = linePoint;
-       }
+         this.credentials = options.credentials || this.credentials || 'same-origin';
 
-       function boundsLineEnd() {
-         range[0] = lambda0$1, range[1] = lambda1;
-         boundsStream.point = boundsPoint;
-         p0 = null;
-       }
+         if (options.headers || !this.headers) {
+           this.headers = new Headers(options.headers);
+         }
 
-       function boundsRingPoint(lambda, phi) {
-         if (p0) {
-           var delta = lambda - lambda2;
-           deltaSum.add(abs$2(delta) > 180 ? delta + (delta > 0 ? 360 : -360) : delta);
-         } else {
-           lambda00$1 = lambda, phi00$1 = phi;
+         this.method = normalizeMethod(options.method || this.method || 'GET');
+         this.mode = options.mode || this.mode || null;
+         this.signal = options.signal || this.signal;
+         this.referrer = null;
+
+         if ((this.method === 'GET' || this.method === 'HEAD') && body) {
+           throw new TypeError('Body not allowed for GET or HEAD requests');
          }
-         areaStream.point(lambda, phi);
-         linePoint(lambda, phi);
-       }
 
-       function boundsRingStart() {
-         areaStream.lineStart();
-       }
+         this._initBody(body);
 
-       function boundsRingEnd() {
-         boundsRingPoint(lambda00$1, phi00$1);
-         areaStream.lineEnd();
-         if (abs$2(deltaSum) > epsilon) lambda0$1 = -(lambda1 = 180);
-         range[0] = lambda0$1, range[1] = lambda1;
-         p0 = null;
-       }
+         if (this.method === 'GET' || this.method === 'HEAD') {
+           if (options.cache === 'no-store' || options.cache === 'no-cache') {
+             // Search for a '_' parameter in the query string
+             var reParamSearch = /([?&])_=[^&]*/;
 
-       // Finds the left-right distance between two longitudes.
-       // This is almost the same as (lambda1 - lambda0 + 360°) % 360°, except that we want
-       // the distance between ±180° to be 360°.
-       function angle(lambda0, lambda1) {
-         return (lambda1 -= lambda0) < 0 ? lambda1 + 360 : lambda1;
+             if (reParamSearch.test(this.url)) {
+               // If it already exists then set the value with the current time
+               this.url = this.url.replace(reParamSearch, '$1_=' + new Date().getTime());
+             } else {
+               // Otherwise add a new '_' parameter to the end with the current time
+               var reQueryString = /\?/;
+               this.url += (reQueryString.test(this.url) ? '&' : '?') + '_=' + new Date().getTime();
+             }
+           }
+         }
        }
 
-       function rangeCompare(a, b) {
-         return a[0] - b[0];
-       }
+       Request.prototype.clone = function () {
+         return new Request(this, {
+           body: this._bodyInit
+         });
+       };
 
-       function rangeContains(range, x) {
-         return range[0] <= range[1] ? range[0] <= x && x <= range[1] : x < range[0] || range[1] < x;
+       function decode(body) {
+         var form = new FormData();
+         body.trim().split('&').forEach(function (bytes) {
+           if (bytes) {
+             var split = bytes.split('=');
+             var name = split.shift().replace(/\+/g, ' ');
+             var value = split.join('=').replace(/\+/g, ' ');
+             form.append(decodeURIComponent(name), decodeURIComponent(value));
+           }
+         });
+         return form;
        }
 
-       function d3_geoBounds(feature) {
-         var i, n, a, b, merged, deltaMax, delta;
+       function parseHeaders(rawHeaders) {
+         var headers = new Headers(); // Replace instances of \r\n and \n followed by at least one space or horizontal tab with a space
+         // https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-3.2
 
-         phi1 = lambda1 = -(lambda0$1 = phi0 = Infinity);
-         ranges = [];
-         d3_geoStream(feature, boundsStream);
+         var preProcessedHeaders = rawHeaders.replace(/\r?\n[\t ]+/g, ' '); // Avoiding split via regex to work around a common IE11 bug with the core-js 3.6.0 regex polyfill
+         // https://github.com/github/fetch/issues/748
+         // https://github.com/zloirock/core-js/issues/751
 
-         // First, sort ranges by their minimum longitudes.
-         if (n = ranges.length) {
-           ranges.sort(rangeCompare);
+         preProcessedHeaders.split('\r').map(function (header) {
+           return header.indexOf('\n') === 0 ? header.substr(1, header.length) : header;
+         }).forEach(function (line) {
+           var parts = line.split(':');
+           var key = parts.shift().trim();
 
-           // Then, merge any ranges that overlap.
-           for (i = 1, a = ranges[0], merged = [a]; i < n; ++i) {
-             b = ranges[i];
-             if (rangeContains(a, b[0]) || rangeContains(a, b[1])) {
-               if (angle(a[0], b[1]) > angle(a[0], a[1])) a[1] = b[1];
-               if (angle(b[0], a[1]) > angle(a[0], a[1])) a[0] = b[0];
-             } else {
-               merged.push(a = b);
-             }
+           if (key) {
+             var value = parts.join(':').trim();
+             headers.append(key, value);
            }
+         });
+         return headers;
+       }
 
-           // Finally, find the largest gap between the merged ranges.
-           // The final bounding box will be the inverse of this gap.
-           for (deltaMax = -Infinity, n = merged.length - 1, i = 0, a = merged[n]; i <= n; a = b, ++i) {
-             b = merged[i];
-             if ((delta = angle(a[1], b[0])) > deltaMax) deltaMax = delta, lambda0$1 = b[0], lambda1 = a[1];
-           }
+       Body.call(Request.prototype);
+       function Response(bodyInit, options) {
+         if (!(this instanceof Response)) {
+           throw new TypeError('Please use the "new" operator, this DOM object constructor cannot be called as a function.');
          }
 
-         ranges = range = null;
+         if (!options) {
+           options = {};
+         }
+
+         this.type = 'default';
+         this.status = options.status === undefined ? 200 : options.status;
+         this.ok = this.status >= 200 && this.status < 300;
+         this.statusText = options.statusText === undefined ? '' : '' + options.statusText;
+         this.headers = new Headers(options.headers);
+         this.url = options.url || '';
 
-         return lambda0$1 === Infinity || phi0 === Infinity
-             ? [[NaN, NaN], [NaN, NaN]]
-             : [[lambda0$1, phi0], [lambda1, phi1]];
+         this._initBody(bodyInit);
        }
+       Body.call(Response.prototype);
 
-       var W0, W1,
-           X0, Y0, Z0,
-           X1, Y1, Z1,
-           X2, Y2, Z2,
-           lambda00$2, phi00$2, // first point
-           x0, y0, z0; // previous point
+       Response.prototype.clone = function () {
+         return new Response(this._bodyInit, {
+           status: this.status,
+           statusText: this.statusText,
+           headers: new Headers(this.headers),
+           url: this.url
+         });
+       };
 
-       var centroidStream = {
-         sphere: noop$2,
-         point: centroidPoint,
-         lineStart: centroidLineStart,
-         lineEnd: centroidLineEnd,
-         polygonStart: function() {
-           centroidStream.lineStart = centroidRingStart;
-           centroidStream.lineEnd = centroidRingEnd;
-         },
-         polygonEnd: function() {
-           centroidStream.lineStart = centroidLineStart;
-           centroidStream.lineEnd = centroidLineEnd;
+       Response.error = function () {
+         var response = new Response(null, {
+           status: 0,
+           statusText: ''
+         });
+         response.type = 'error';
+         return response;
+       };
+
+       var redirectStatuses = [301, 302, 303, 307, 308];
+
+       Response.redirect = function (url, status) {
+         if (redirectStatuses.indexOf(status) === -1) {
+           throw new RangeError('Invalid status code');
          }
+
+         return new Response(null, {
+           status: status,
+           headers: {
+             location: url
+           }
+         });
        };
 
-       // Arithmetic mean of Cartesian vectors.
-       function centroidPoint(lambda, phi) {
-         lambda *= radians, phi *= radians;
-         var cosPhi = cos(phi);
-         centroidPointCartesian(cosPhi * cos(lambda), cosPhi * sin(lambda), sin(phi));
-       }
+       var DOMException$2 = global$1.DOMException;
 
-       function centroidPointCartesian(x, y, z) {
-         ++W0;
-         X0 += (x - X0) / W0;
-         Y0 += (y - Y0) / W0;
-         Z0 += (z - Z0) / W0;
-       }
+       try {
+         new DOMException$2();
+       } catch (err) {
+         DOMException$2 = function DOMException(message, name) {
+           this.message = message;
+           this.name = name;
+           var error = Error(message);
+           this.stack = error.stack;
+         };
 
-       function centroidLineStart() {
-         centroidStream.point = centroidLinePointFirst;
+         DOMException$2.prototype = Object.create(Error.prototype);
+         DOMException$2.prototype.constructor = DOMException$2;
        }
 
-       function centroidLinePointFirst(lambda, phi) {
-         lambda *= radians, phi *= radians;
-         var cosPhi = cos(phi);
-         x0 = cosPhi * cos(lambda);
-         y0 = cosPhi * sin(lambda);
-         z0 = sin(phi);
-         centroidStream.point = centroidLinePoint;
-         centroidPointCartesian(x0, y0, z0);
-       }
+       function fetch$1(input, init) {
+         return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
+           var request = new Request(input, init);
 
-       function centroidLinePoint(lambda, phi) {
-         lambda *= radians, phi *= radians;
-         var cosPhi = cos(phi),
-             x = cosPhi * cos(lambda),
-             y = cosPhi * sin(lambda),
-             z = sin(phi),
-             w = atan2(sqrt((w = y0 * z - z0 * y) * w + (w = z0 * x - x0 * z) * w + (w = x0 * y - y0 * x) * w), x0 * x + y0 * y + z0 * z);
-         W1 += w;
-         X1 += w * (x0 + (x0 = x));
-         Y1 += w * (y0 + (y0 = y));
-         Z1 += w * (z0 + (z0 = z));
-         centroidPointCartesian(x0, y0, z0);
-       }
+           if (request.signal && request.signal.aborted) {
+             return reject(new DOMException$2('Aborted', 'AbortError'));
+           }
 
-       function centroidLineEnd() {
-         centroidStream.point = centroidPoint;
-       }
+           var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
 
-       // See J. E. Brock, The Inertia Tensor for a Spherical Triangle,
-       // J. Applied Mechanics 42, 239 (1975).
-       function centroidRingStart() {
-         centroidStream.point = centroidRingPointFirst;
-       }
+           function abortXhr() {
+             xhr.abort();
+           }
 
-       function centroidRingEnd() {
-         centroidRingPoint(lambda00$2, phi00$2);
-         centroidStream.point = centroidPoint;
-       }
+           xhr.onload = function () {
+             var options = {
+               status: xhr.status,
+               statusText: xhr.statusText,
+               headers: parseHeaders(xhr.getAllResponseHeaders() || '')
+             };
+             options.url = 'responseURL' in xhr ? xhr.responseURL : options.headers.get('X-Request-URL');
+             var body = 'response' in xhr ? xhr.response : xhr.responseText;
+             setTimeout(function () {
+               resolve(new Response(body, options));
+             }, 0);
+           };
 
-       function centroidRingPointFirst(lambda, phi) {
-         lambda00$2 = lambda, phi00$2 = phi;
-         lambda *= radians, phi *= radians;
-         centroidStream.point = centroidRingPoint;
-         var cosPhi = cos(phi);
-         x0 = cosPhi * cos(lambda);
-         y0 = cosPhi * sin(lambda);
-         z0 = sin(phi);
-         centroidPointCartesian(x0, y0, z0);
-       }
+           xhr.onerror = function () {
+             setTimeout(function () {
+               reject(new TypeError('Network request failed'));
+             }, 0);
+           };
 
-       function centroidRingPoint(lambda, phi) {
-         lambda *= radians, phi *= radians;
-         var cosPhi = cos(phi),
-             x = cosPhi * cos(lambda),
-             y = cosPhi * sin(lambda),
-             z = sin(phi),
-             cx = y0 * z - z0 * y,
-             cy = z0 * x - x0 * z,
-             cz = x0 * y - y0 * x,
-             m = sqrt(cx * cx + cy * cy + cz * cz),
-             w = asin(m), // line weight = angle
-             v = m && -w / m; // area weight multiplier
-         X2 += v * cx;
-         Y2 += v * cy;
-         Z2 += v * cz;
-         W1 += w;
-         X1 += w * (x0 + (x0 = x));
-         Y1 += w * (y0 + (y0 = y));
-         Z1 += w * (z0 + (z0 = z));
-         centroidPointCartesian(x0, y0, z0);
-       }
-
-       function d3_geoCentroid(object) {
-         W0 = W1 =
-         X0 = Y0 = Z0 =
-         X1 = Y1 = Z1 =
-         X2 = Y2 = Z2 = 0;
-         d3_geoStream(object, centroidStream);
-
-         var x = X2,
-             y = Y2,
-             z = Z2,
-             m = x * x + y * y + z * z;
-
-         // If the area-weighted ccentroid is undefined, fall back to length-weighted ccentroid.
-         if (m < epsilon2) {
-           x = X1, y = Y1, z = Z1;
-           // If the feature has zero length, fall back to arithmetic mean of point vectors.
-           if (W1 < epsilon) x = X0, y = Y0, z = Z0;
-           m = x * x + y * y + z * z;
-           // If the feature still has an undefined ccentroid, then return.
-           if (m < epsilon2) return [NaN, NaN];
-         }
-
-         return [atan2(y, x) * degrees, asin(z / sqrt(m)) * degrees];
-       }
-
-       function compose(a, b) {
+           xhr.ontimeout = function () {
+             setTimeout(function () {
+               reject(new TypeError('Network request failed'));
+             }, 0);
+           };
 
-         function compose(x, y) {
-           return x = a(x, y), b(x[0], x[1]);
-         }
+           xhr.onabort = function () {
+             setTimeout(function () {
+               reject(new DOMException$2('Aborted', 'AbortError'));
+             }, 0);
+           };
 
-         if (a.invert && b.invert) compose.invert = function(x, y) {
-           return x = b.invert(x, y), x && a.invert(x[0], x[1]);
-         };
+           function fixUrl(url) {
+             try {
+               return url === '' && global$1.location.href ? global$1.location.href : url;
+             } catch (e) {
+               return url;
+             }
+           }
 
-         return compose;
-       }
+           xhr.open(request.method, fixUrl(request.url), true);
 
-       function rotationIdentity(lambda, phi) {
-         return [abs$2(lambda) > pi ? lambda + Math.round(-lambda / tau) * tau : lambda, phi];
-       }
+           if (request.credentials === 'include') {
+             xhr.withCredentials = true;
+           } else if (request.credentials === 'omit') {
+             xhr.withCredentials = false;
+           }
 
-       rotationIdentity.invert = rotationIdentity;
+           if ('responseType' in xhr) {
+             if (support.blob) {
+               xhr.responseType = 'blob';
+             } else if (support.arrayBuffer && request.headers.get('Content-Type') && request.headers.get('Content-Type').indexOf('application/octet-stream') !== -1) {
+               xhr.responseType = 'arraybuffer';
+             }
+           }
 
-       function rotateRadians(deltaLambda, deltaPhi, deltaGamma) {
-         return (deltaLambda %= tau) ? (deltaPhi || deltaGamma ? compose(rotationLambda(deltaLambda), rotationPhiGamma(deltaPhi, deltaGamma))
-           : rotationLambda(deltaLambda))
-           : (deltaPhi || deltaGamma ? rotationPhiGamma(deltaPhi, deltaGamma)
-           : rotationIdentity);
-       }
+           if (init && _typeof(init.headers) === 'object' && !(init.headers instanceof Headers)) {
+             Object.getOwnPropertyNames(init.headers).forEach(function (name) {
+               xhr.setRequestHeader(name, normalizeValue(init.headers[name]));
+             });
+           } else {
+             request.headers.forEach(function (value, name) {
+               xhr.setRequestHeader(name, value);
+             });
+           }
 
-       function forwardRotationLambda(deltaLambda) {
-         return function(lambda, phi) {
-           return lambda += deltaLambda, [lambda > pi ? lambda - tau : lambda < -pi ? lambda + tau : lambda, phi];
-         };
+           if (request.signal) {
+             request.signal.addEventListener('abort', abortXhr);
+
+             xhr.onreadystatechange = function () {
+               // DONE (success or failure)
+               if (xhr.readyState === 4) {
+                 request.signal.removeEventListener('abort', abortXhr);
+               }
+             };
+           }
+
+           xhr.send(typeof request._bodyInit === 'undefined' ? null : request._bodyInit);
+         });
        }
+       fetch$1.polyfill = true;
 
-       function rotationLambda(deltaLambda) {
-         var rotation = forwardRotationLambda(deltaLambda);
-         rotation.invert = forwardRotationLambda(-deltaLambda);
-         return rotation;
+       if (!global$1.fetch) {
+         global$1.fetch = fetch$1;
+         global$1.Headers = Headers;
+         global$1.Request = Request;
+         global$1.Response = Response;
        }
 
-       function rotationPhiGamma(deltaPhi, deltaGamma) {
-         var cosDeltaPhi = cos(deltaPhi),
-             sinDeltaPhi = sin(deltaPhi),
-             cosDeltaGamma = cos(deltaGamma),
-             sinDeltaGamma = sin(deltaGamma);
+       // `Object.defineProperty` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-object.defineproperty
+       _export({ target: 'Object', stat: true, forced: !descriptors, sham: !descriptors }, {
+         defineProperty: objectDefineProperty.f
+       });
 
-         function rotation(lambda, phi) {
-           var cosPhi = cos(phi),
-               x = cos(lambda) * cosPhi,
-               y = sin(lambda) * cosPhi,
-               z = sin(phi),
-               k = z * cosDeltaPhi + x * sinDeltaPhi;
-           return [
-             atan2(y * cosDeltaGamma - k * sinDeltaGamma, x * cosDeltaPhi - z * sinDeltaPhi),
-             asin(k * cosDeltaGamma + y * sinDeltaGamma)
-           ];
-         }
+       // `Object.setPrototypeOf` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-object.setprototypeof
+       _export({ target: 'Object', stat: true }, {
+         setPrototypeOf: objectSetPrototypeOf
+       });
 
-         rotation.invert = function(lambda, phi) {
-           var cosPhi = cos(phi),
-               x = cos(lambda) * cosPhi,
-               y = sin(lambda) * cosPhi,
-               z = sin(phi),
-               k = z * cosDeltaGamma - y * sinDeltaGamma;
-           return [
-             atan2(y * cosDeltaGamma + z * sinDeltaGamma, x * cosDeltaPhi + k * sinDeltaPhi),
-             asin(k * cosDeltaPhi - x * sinDeltaPhi)
-           ];
-         };
+       var FAILS_ON_PRIMITIVES$3 = fails(function () { objectGetPrototypeOf(1); });
 
-         return rotation;
-       }
+       // `Object.getPrototypeOf` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-object.getprototypeof
+       _export({ target: 'Object', stat: true, forced: FAILS_ON_PRIMITIVES$3, sham: !correctPrototypeGetter }, {
+         getPrototypeOf: function getPrototypeOf(it) {
+           return objectGetPrototypeOf(toObject(it));
+         }
+       });
 
-       function rotation(rotate) {
-         rotate = rotateRadians(rotate[0] * radians, rotate[1] * radians, rotate.length > 2 ? rotate[2] * radians : 0);
+       var slice$2 = [].slice;
+       var factories = {};
 
-         function forward(coordinates) {
-           coordinates = rotate(coordinates[0] * radians, coordinates[1] * radians);
-           return coordinates[0] *= degrees, coordinates[1] *= degrees, coordinates;
-         }
+       var construct = function (C, argsLength, args) {
+         if (!(argsLength in factories)) {
+           for (var list = [], i = 0; i < argsLength; i++) list[i] = 'a[' + i + ']';
+           // eslint-disable-next-line no-new-func -- we have no proper alternatives, IE8- only
+           factories[argsLength] = Function('C,a', 'return new C(' + list.join(',') + ')');
+         } return factories[argsLength](C, args);
+       };
 
-         forward.invert = function(coordinates) {
-           coordinates = rotate.invert(coordinates[0] * radians, coordinates[1] * radians);
-           return coordinates[0] *= degrees, coordinates[1] *= degrees, coordinates;
+       // `Function.prototype.bind` method implementation
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-function.prototype.bind
+       var functionBind = Function.bind || function bind(that /* , ...args */) {
+         var fn = aFunction(this);
+         var partArgs = slice$2.call(arguments, 1);
+         var boundFunction = function bound(/* args... */) {
+           var args = partArgs.concat(slice$2.call(arguments));
+           return this instanceof boundFunction ? construct(fn, args.length, args) : fn.apply(that, args);
          };
+         if (isObject$4(fn.prototype)) boundFunction.prototype = fn.prototype;
+         return boundFunction;
+       };
 
-         return forward;
-       }
+       var nativeConstruct = getBuiltIn('Reflect', 'construct');
 
-       // Generates a circle centered at [0°, 0°], with a given radius and precision.
-       function circleStream(stream, radius, delta, direction, t0, t1) {
-         if (!delta) return;
-         var cosRadius = cos(radius),
-             sinRadius = sin(radius),
-             step = direction * delta;
-         if (t0 == null) {
-           t0 = radius + direction * tau;
-           t1 = radius - step / 2;
-         } else {
-           t0 = circleRadius(cosRadius, t0);
-           t1 = circleRadius(cosRadius, t1);
-           if (direction > 0 ? t0 < t1 : t0 > t1) t0 += direction * tau;
-         }
-         for (var point, t = t0; direction > 0 ? t > t1 : t < t1; t -= step) {
-           point = spherical([cosRadius, -sinRadius * cos(t), -sinRadius * sin(t)]);
-           stream.point(point[0], point[1]);
+       // `Reflect.construct` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-reflect.construct
+       // MS Edge supports only 2 arguments and argumentsList argument is optional
+       // FF Nightly sets third argument as `new.target`, but does not create `this` from it
+       var NEW_TARGET_BUG = fails(function () {
+         function F() { /* empty */ }
+         return !(nativeConstruct(function () { /* empty */ }, [], F) instanceof F);
+       });
+       var ARGS_BUG = !fails(function () {
+         nativeConstruct(function () { /* empty */ });
+       });
+       var FORCED$a = NEW_TARGET_BUG || ARGS_BUG;
+
+       _export({ target: 'Reflect', stat: true, forced: FORCED$a, sham: FORCED$a }, {
+         construct: function construct(Target, args /* , newTarget */) {
+           aFunction(Target);
+           anObject(args);
+           var newTarget = arguments.length < 3 ? Target : aFunction(arguments[2]);
+           if (ARGS_BUG && !NEW_TARGET_BUG) return nativeConstruct(Target, args, newTarget);
+           if (Target == newTarget) {
+             // w/o altered newTarget, optimization for 0-4 arguments
+             switch (args.length) {
+               case 0: return new Target();
+               case 1: return new Target(args[0]);
+               case 2: return new Target(args[0], args[1]);
+               case 3: return new Target(args[0], args[1], args[2]);
+               case 4: return new Target(args[0], args[1], args[2], args[3]);
+             }
+             // w/o altered newTarget, lot of arguments case
+             var $args = [null];
+             $args.push.apply($args, args);
+             return new (functionBind.apply(Target, $args))();
+           }
+           // with altered newTarget, not support built-in constructors
+           var proto = newTarget.prototype;
+           var instance = objectCreate(isObject$4(proto) ? proto : Object.prototype);
+           var result = Function.apply.call(Target, instance, args);
+           return isObject$4(result) ? result : instance;
          }
-       }
-
-       // Returns the signed angle of a cartesian point relative to [cosRadius, 0, 0].
-       function circleRadius(cosRadius, point) {
-         point = cartesian(point), point[0] -= cosRadius;
-         cartesianNormalizeInPlace(point);
-         var radius = acos(-point[1]);
-         return ((-point[2] < 0 ? -radius : radius) + tau - epsilon) % tau;
-       }
+       });
 
-       function clipBuffer() {
-         var lines = [],
-             line;
-         return {
-           point: function(x, y, m) {
-             line.push([x, y, m]);
-           },
-           lineStart: function() {
-             lines.push(line = []);
-           },
-           lineEnd: noop$2,
-           rejoin: function() {
-             if (lines.length > 1) lines.push(lines.pop().concat(lines.shift()));
-           },
-           result: function() {
-             var result = lines;
-             lines = [];
-             line = null;
-             return result;
-           }
-         };
-       }
+       // `Reflect.get` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-reflect.get
+       function get$3(target, propertyKey /* , receiver */) {
+         var receiver = arguments.length < 3 ? target : arguments[2];
+         var descriptor, prototype;
+         if (anObject(target) === receiver) return target[propertyKey];
+         if (descriptor = objectGetOwnPropertyDescriptor.f(target, propertyKey)) return has$1(descriptor, 'value')
+           ? descriptor.value
+           : descriptor.get === undefined
+             ? undefined
+             : descriptor.get.call(receiver);
+         if (isObject$4(prototype = objectGetPrototypeOf(target))) return get$3(prototype, propertyKey, receiver);
+       }
+
+       _export({ target: 'Reflect', stat: true }, {
+         get: get$3
+       });
 
-       function pointEqual(a, b) {
-         return abs$2(a[0] - b[0]) < epsilon && abs$2(a[1] - b[1]) < epsilon;
-       }
+       var nativeGetOwnPropertyDescriptor = objectGetOwnPropertyDescriptor.f;
 
-       function Intersection(point, points, other, entry) {
-         this.x = point;
-         this.z = points;
-         this.o = other; // another intersection
-         this.e = entry; // is an entry?
-         this.v = false; // visited
-         this.n = this.p = null; // next & previous
-       }
 
-       // A generalized polygon clipping algorithm: given a polygon that has been cut
-       // into its visible line segments, and rejoins the segments by interpolating
-       // along the clip edge.
-       function clipRejoin(segments, compareIntersection, startInside, interpolate, stream) {
-         var subject = [],
-             clip = [],
-             i,
-             n;
+       var FAILS_ON_PRIMITIVES$2 = fails(function () { nativeGetOwnPropertyDescriptor(1); });
+       var FORCED$9 = !descriptors || FAILS_ON_PRIMITIVES$2;
 
-         segments.forEach(function(segment) {
-           if ((n = segment.length - 1) <= 0) return;
-           var n, p0 = segment[0], p1 = segment[n], x;
+       // `Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-object.getownpropertydescriptor
+       _export({ target: 'Object', stat: true, forced: FORCED$9, sham: !descriptors }, {
+         getOwnPropertyDescriptor: function getOwnPropertyDescriptor(it, key) {
+           return nativeGetOwnPropertyDescriptor(toIndexedObject(it), key);
+         }
+       });
 
-           if (pointEqual(p0, p1)) {
-             if (!p0[2] && !p1[2]) {
-               stream.lineStart();
-               for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) stream.point((p0 = segment[i])[0], p0[1]);
-               stream.lineEnd();
-               return;
+       var HAS_SPECIES_SUPPORT$1 = arrayMethodHasSpeciesSupport('splice');
+
+       var max$1 = Math.max;
+       var min$3 = Math.min;
+       var MAX_SAFE_INTEGER$1 = 0x1FFFFFFFFFFFFF;
+       var MAXIMUM_ALLOWED_LENGTH_EXCEEDED = 'Maximum allowed length exceeded';
+
+       // `Array.prototype.splice` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-array.prototype.splice
+       // with adding support of @@species
+       _export({ target: 'Array', proto: true, forced: !HAS_SPECIES_SUPPORT$1 }, {
+         splice: function splice(start, deleteCount /* , ...items */) {
+           var O = toObject(this);
+           var len = toLength(O.length);
+           var actualStart = toAbsoluteIndex(start, len);
+           var argumentsLength = arguments.length;
+           var insertCount, actualDeleteCount, A, k, from, to;
+           if (argumentsLength === 0) {
+             insertCount = actualDeleteCount = 0;
+           } else if (argumentsLength === 1) {
+             insertCount = 0;
+             actualDeleteCount = len - actualStart;
+           } else {
+             insertCount = argumentsLength - 2;
+             actualDeleteCount = min$3(max$1(toInteger(deleteCount), 0), len - actualStart);
+           }
+           if (len + insertCount - actualDeleteCount > MAX_SAFE_INTEGER$1) {
+             throw TypeError(MAXIMUM_ALLOWED_LENGTH_EXCEEDED);
+           }
+           A = arraySpeciesCreate(O, actualDeleteCount);
+           for (k = 0; k < actualDeleteCount; k++) {
+             from = actualStart + k;
+             if (from in O) createProperty(A, k, O[from]);
+           }
+           A.length = actualDeleteCount;
+           if (insertCount < actualDeleteCount) {
+             for (k = actualStart; k < len - actualDeleteCount; k++) {
+               from = k + actualDeleteCount;
+               to = k + insertCount;
+               if (from in O) O[to] = O[from];
+               else delete O[to];
+             }
+             for (k = len; k > len - actualDeleteCount + insertCount; k--) delete O[k - 1];
+           } else if (insertCount > actualDeleteCount) {
+             for (k = len - actualDeleteCount; k > actualStart; k--) {
+               from = k + actualDeleteCount - 1;
+               to = k + insertCount - 1;
+               if (from in O) O[to] = O[from];
+               else delete O[to];
              }
-             // handle degenerate cases by moving the point
-             p1[0] += 2 * epsilon;
            }
+           for (k = 0; k < insertCount; k++) {
+             O[k + actualStart] = arguments[k + 2];
+           }
+           O.length = len - actualDeleteCount + insertCount;
+           return A;
+         }
+       });
 
-           subject.push(x = new Intersection(p0, segment, null, true));
-           clip.push(x.o = new Intersection(p0, null, x, false));
-           subject.push(x = new Intersection(p1, segment, null, false));
-           clip.push(x.o = new Intersection(p1, null, x, true));
-         });
-
-         if (!subject.length) return;
+       // `Symbol.toStringTag` well-known symbol
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-symbol.tostringtag
+       defineWellKnownSymbol('toStringTag');
 
-         clip.sort(compareIntersection);
-         link(subject);
-         link(clip);
+       // JSON[@@toStringTag] property
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-json-@@tostringtag
+       setToStringTag(global$2.JSON, 'JSON', true);
 
-         for (i = 0, n = clip.length; i < n; ++i) {
-           clip[i].e = startInside = !startInside;
-         }
+       // Math[@@toStringTag] property
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-math-@@tostringtag
+       setToStringTag(Math, 'Math', true);
 
-         var start = subject[0],
-             points,
-             point;
+       (function (factory) {
+         factory();
+       })(function () {
 
-         while (1) {
-           // Find first unvisited intersection.
-           var current = start,
-               isSubject = true;
-           while (current.v) if ((current = current.n) === start) return;
-           points = current.z;
-           stream.lineStart();
-           do {
-             current.v = current.o.v = true;
-             if (current.e) {
-               if (isSubject) {
-                 for (i = 0, n = points.length; i < n; ++i) stream.point((point = points[i])[0], point[1]);
-               } else {
-                 interpolate(current.x, current.n.x, 1, stream);
-               }
-               current = current.n;
-             } else {
-               if (isSubject) {
-                 points = current.p.z;
-                 for (i = points.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) stream.point((point = points[i])[0], point[1]);
-               } else {
-                 interpolate(current.x, current.p.x, -1, stream);
-               }
-               current = current.p;
-             }
-             current = current.o;
-             points = current.z;
-             isSubject = !isSubject;
-           } while (!current.v);
-           stream.lineEnd();
+         function _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {
+           if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {
+             throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function");
+           }
          }
-       }
 
-       function link(array) {
-         if (!(n = array.length)) return;
-         var n,
-             i = 0,
-             a = array[0],
-             b;
-         while (++i < n) {
-           a.n = b = array[i];
-           b.p = a;
-           a = b;
+         function _defineProperties(target, props) {
+           for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {
+             var descriptor = props[i];
+             descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;
+             descriptor.configurable = true;
+             if ("value" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;
+             Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);
+           }
          }
-         a.n = b = array[0];
-         b.p = a;
-       }
-
-       var sum = adder();
 
-       function longitude(point) {
-         if (abs$2(point[0]) <= pi)
-           return point[0];
-         else
-           return sign$2(point[0]) * ((abs$2(point[0]) + pi) % tau - pi);
-       }
+         function _createClass(Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {
+           if (protoProps) _defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);
+           if (staticProps) _defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);
+           return Constructor;
+         }
 
-       function polygonContains(polygon, point) {
-         var lambda = longitude(point),
-             phi = point[1],
-             sinPhi = sin(phi),
-             normal = [sin(lambda), -cos(lambda), 0],
-             angle = 0,
-             winding = 0;
+         function _inherits(subClass, superClass) {
+           if (typeof superClass !== "function" && superClass !== null) {
+             throw new TypeError("Super expression must either be null or a function");
+           }
 
-         sum.reset();
+           subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, {
+             constructor: {
+               value: subClass,
+               writable: true,
+               configurable: true
+             }
+           });
+           if (superClass) _setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass);
+         }
 
-         if (sinPhi === 1) phi = halfPi + epsilon;
-         else if (sinPhi === -1) phi = -halfPi - epsilon;
+         function _getPrototypeOf(o) {
+           _getPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.getPrototypeOf : function _getPrototypeOf(o) {
+             return o.__proto__ || Object.getPrototypeOf(o);
+           };
+           return _getPrototypeOf(o);
+         }
 
-         for (var i = 0, n = polygon.length; i < n; ++i) {
-           if (!(m = (ring = polygon[i]).length)) continue;
-           var ring,
-               m,
-               point0 = ring[m - 1],
-               lambda0 = longitude(point0),
-               phi0 = point0[1] / 2 + quarterPi,
-               sinPhi0 = sin(phi0),
-               cosPhi0 = cos(phi0);
+         function _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {
+           _setPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf || function _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {
+             o.__proto__ = p;
+             return o;
+           };
 
-           for (var j = 0; j < m; ++j, lambda0 = lambda1, sinPhi0 = sinPhi1, cosPhi0 = cosPhi1, point0 = point1) {
-             var point1 = ring[j],
-                 lambda1 = longitude(point1),
-                 phi1 = point1[1] / 2 + quarterPi,
-                 sinPhi1 = sin(phi1),
-                 cosPhi1 = cos(phi1),
-                 delta = lambda1 - lambda0,
-                 sign = delta >= 0 ? 1 : -1,
-                 absDelta = sign * delta,
-                 antimeridian = absDelta > pi,
-                 k = sinPhi0 * sinPhi1;
+           return _setPrototypeOf(o, p);
+         }
 
-             sum.add(atan2(k * sign * sin(absDelta), cosPhi0 * cosPhi1 + k * cos(absDelta)));
-             angle += antimeridian ? delta + sign * tau : delta;
+         function _isNativeReflectConstruct() {
+           if (typeof Reflect === "undefined" || !Reflect.construct) return false;
+           if (Reflect.construct.sham) return false;
+           if (typeof Proxy === "function") return true;
 
-             // Are the longitudes either side of the point’s meridian (lambda),
-             // and are the latitudes smaller than the parallel (phi)?
-             if (antimeridian ^ lambda0 >= lambda ^ lambda1 >= lambda) {
-               var arc = cartesianCross(cartesian(point0), cartesian(point1));
-               cartesianNormalizeInPlace(arc);
-               var intersection = cartesianCross(normal, arc);
-               cartesianNormalizeInPlace(intersection);
-               var phiArc = (antimeridian ^ delta >= 0 ? -1 : 1) * asin(intersection[2]);
-               if (phi > phiArc || phi === phiArc && (arc[0] || arc[1])) {
-                 winding += antimeridian ^ delta >= 0 ? 1 : -1;
-               }
-             }
+           try {
+             Boolean.prototype.valueOf.call(Reflect.construct(Boolean, [], function () {}));
+             return true;
+           } catch (e) {
+             return false;
            }
          }
 
-         // First, determine whether the South pole is inside or outside:
-         //
-         // It is inside if:
-         // * the polygon winds around it in a clockwise direction.
-         // * the polygon does not (cumulatively) wind around it, but has a negative
-         //   (counter-clockwise) area.
-         //
-         // Second, count the (signed) number of times a segment crosses a lambda
-         // from the point to the South pole.  If it is zero, then the point is the
-         // same side as the South pole.
-
-         return (angle < -epsilon || angle < epsilon && sum < -epsilon) ^ (winding & 1);
-       }
+         function _assertThisInitialized(self) {
+           if (self === void 0) {
+             throw new ReferenceError("this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called");
+           }
 
-       function d3_ascending(a, b) {
-         return a < b ? -1 : a > b ? 1 : a >= b ? 0 : NaN;
-       }
+           return self;
+         }
 
-       function d3_bisector(compare) {
-         if (compare.length === 1) compare = ascendingComparator(compare);
-         return {
-           left: function(a, x, lo, hi) {
-             if (lo == null) lo = 0;
-             if (hi == null) hi = a.length;
-             while (lo < hi) {
-               var mid = lo + hi >>> 1;
-               if (compare(a[mid], x) < 0) lo = mid + 1;
-               else hi = mid;
-             }
-             return lo;
-           },
-           right: function(a, x, lo, hi) {
-             if (lo == null) lo = 0;
-             if (hi == null) hi = a.length;
-             while (lo < hi) {
-               var mid = lo + hi >>> 1;
-               if (compare(a[mid], x) > 0) hi = mid;
-               else lo = mid + 1;
-             }
-             return lo;
+         function _possibleConstructorReturn(self, call) {
+           if (call && (_typeof(call) === "object" || typeof call === "function")) {
+             return call;
            }
-         };
-       }
-
-       function ascendingComparator(f) {
-         return function(d, x) {
-           return d3_ascending(f(d), x);
-         };
-       }
 
-       var ascendingBisect = d3_bisector(d3_ascending);
-       var bisectRight = ascendingBisect.right;
+           return _assertThisInitialized(self);
+         }
 
-       function d3_descending(a, b) {
-         return b < a ? -1 : b > a ? 1 : b >= a ? 0 : NaN;
-       }
+         function _createSuper(Derived) {
+           var hasNativeReflectConstruct = _isNativeReflectConstruct();
 
-       function number(x) {
-         return x === null ? NaN : +x;
-       }
+           return function _createSuperInternal() {
+             var Super = _getPrototypeOf(Derived),
+                 result;
 
-       function range$1(start, stop, step) {
-         start = +start, stop = +stop, step = (n = arguments.length) < 2 ? (stop = start, start = 0, 1) : n < 3 ? 1 : +step;
+             if (hasNativeReflectConstruct) {
+               var NewTarget = _getPrototypeOf(this).constructor;
 
-         var i = -1,
-             n = Math.max(0, Math.ceil((stop - start) / step)) | 0,
-             range = new Array(n);
+               result = Reflect.construct(Super, arguments, NewTarget);
+             } else {
+               result = Super.apply(this, arguments);
+             }
 
-         while (++i < n) {
-           range[i] = start + i * step;
+             return _possibleConstructorReturn(this, result);
+           };
          }
 
-         return range;
-       }
-
-       var e10 = Math.sqrt(50),
-           e5 = Math.sqrt(10),
-           e2 = Math.sqrt(2);
-
-       function ticks(start, stop, count) {
-         var reverse,
-             i = -1,
-             n,
-             ticks,
-             step;
-
-         stop = +stop, start = +start, count = +count;
-         if (start === stop && count > 0) return [start];
-         if (reverse = stop < start) n = start, start = stop, stop = n;
-         if ((step = tickIncrement(start, stop, count)) === 0 || !isFinite(step)) return [];
+         function _superPropBase(object, property) {
+           while (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(object, property)) {
+             object = _getPrototypeOf(object);
+             if (object === null) break;
+           }
 
-         if (step > 0) {
-           start = Math.ceil(start / step);
-           stop = Math.floor(stop / step);
-           ticks = new Array(n = Math.ceil(stop - start + 1));
-           while (++i < n) ticks[i] = (start + i) * step;
-         } else {
-           start = Math.floor(start * step);
-           stop = Math.ceil(stop * step);
-           ticks = new Array(n = Math.ceil(start - stop + 1));
-           while (++i < n) ticks[i] = (start - i) / step;
+           return object;
          }
 
-         if (reverse) ticks.reverse();
+         function _get(target, property, receiver) {
+           if (typeof Reflect !== "undefined" && Reflect.get) {
+             _get = Reflect.get;
+           } else {
+             _get = function _get(target, property, receiver) {
+               var base = _superPropBase(target, property);
 
-         return ticks;
-       }
+               if (!base) return;
+               var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(base, property);
 
-       function tickIncrement(start, stop, count) {
-         var step = (stop - start) / Math.max(0, count),
-             power = Math.floor(Math.log(step) / Math.LN10),
-             error = step / Math.pow(10, power);
-         return power >= 0
-             ? (error >= e10 ? 10 : error >= e5 ? 5 : error >= e2 ? 2 : 1) * Math.pow(10, power)
-             : -Math.pow(10, -power) / (error >= e10 ? 10 : error >= e5 ? 5 : error >= e2 ? 2 : 1);
-       }
+               if (desc.get) {
+                 return desc.get.call(receiver);
+               }
 
-       function tickStep(start, stop, count) {
-         var step0 = Math.abs(stop - start) / Math.max(0, count),
-             step1 = Math.pow(10, Math.floor(Math.log(step0) / Math.LN10)),
-             error = step0 / step1;
-         if (error >= e10) step1 *= 10;
-         else if (error >= e5) step1 *= 5;
-         else if (error >= e2) step1 *= 2;
-         return stop < start ? -step1 : step1;
-       }
+               return desc.value;
+             };
+           }
 
-       function threshold(values, p, valueof) {
-         if (valueof == null) valueof = number;
-         if (!(n = values.length)) return;
-         if ((p = +p) <= 0 || n < 2) return +valueof(values[0], 0, values);
-         if (p >= 1) return +valueof(values[n - 1], n - 1, values);
-         var n,
-             i = (n - 1) * p,
-             i0 = Math.floor(i),
-             value0 = +valueof(values[i0], i0, values),
-             value1 = +valueof(values[i0 + 1], i0 + 1, values);
-         return value0 + (value1 - value0) * (i - i0);
-       }
+           return _get(target, property, receiver || target);
+         }
 
-       function d3_median(values, valueof) {
-         var n = values.length,
-             i = -1,
-             value,
-             numbers = [];
+         var Emitter = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
+           function Emitter() {
+             _classCallCheck(this, Emitter);
 
-         if (valueof == null) {
-           while (++i < n) {
-             if (!isNaN(value = number(values[i]))) {
-               numbers.push(value);
-             }
+             Object.defineProperty(this, 'listeners', {
+               value: {},
+               writable: true,
+               configurable: true
+             });
            }
-         }
 
-         else {
-           while (++i < n) {
-             if (!isNaN(value = number(valueof(values[i], i, values)))) {
-               numbers.push(value);
-             }
-           }
-         }
+           _createClass(Emitter, [{
+             key: "addEventListener",
+             value: function addEventListener(type, callback, options) {
+               if (!(type in this.listeners)) {
+                 this.listeners[type] = [];
+               }
 
-         return threshold(numbers.sort(d3_ascending), 0.5);
-       }
+               this.listeners[type].push({
+                 callback: callback,
+                 options: options
+               });
+             }
+           }, {
+             key: "removeEventListener",
+             value: function removeEventListener(type, callback) {
+               if (!(type in this.listeners)) {
+                 return;
+               }
 
-       function merge(arrays) {
-         var n = arrays.length,
-             m,
-             i = -1,
-             j = 0,
-             merged,
-             array;
+               var stack = this.listeners[type];
 
-         while (++i < n) j += arrays[i].length;
-         merged = new Array(j);
+               for (var i = 0, l = stack.length; i < l; i++) {
+                 if (stack[i].callback === callback) {
+                   stack.splice(i, 1);
+                   return;
+                 }
+               }
+             }
+           }, {
+             key: "dispatchEvent",
+             value: function dispatchEvent(event) {
+               if (!(event.type in this.listeners)) {
+                 return;
+               }
 
-         while (--n >= 0) {
-           array = arrays[n];
-           m = array.length;
-           while (--m >= 0) {
-             merged[--j] = array[m];
-           }
-         }
+               var stack = this.listeners[event.type];
+               var stackToCall = stack.slice();
 
-         return merged;
-       }
+               for (var i = 0, l = stackToCall.length; i < l; i++) {
+                 var listener = stackToCall[i];
 
-       function clip(pointVisible, clipLine, interpolate, start) {
-         return function(sink) {
-           var line = clipLine(sink),
-               ringBuffer = clipBuffer(),
-               ringSink = clipLine(ringBuffer),
-               polygonStarted = false,
-               polygon,
-               segments,
-               ring;
+                 try {
+                   listener.callback.call(this, event);
+                 } catch (e) {
+                   Promise.resolve().then(function () {
+                     throw e;
+                   });
+                 }
 
-           var clip = {
-             point: point,
-             lineStart: lineStart,
-             lineEnd: lineEnd,
-             polygonStart: function() {
-               clip.point = pointRing;
-               clip.lineStart = ringStart;
-               clip.lineEnd = ringEnd;
-               segments = [];
-               polygon = [];
-             },
-             polygonEnd: function() {
-               clip.point = point;
-               clip.lineStart = lineStart;
-               clip.lineEnd = lineEnd;
-               segments = merge(segments);
-               var startInside = polygonContains(polygon, start);
-               if (segments.length) {
-                 if (!polygonStarted) sink.polygonStart(), polygonStarted = true;
-                 clipRejoin(segments, compareIntersection, startInside, interpolate, sink);
-               } else if (startInside) {
-                 if (!polygonStarted) sink.polygonStart(), polygonStarted = true;
-                 sink.lineStart();
-                 interpolate(null, null, 1, sink);
-                 sink.lineEnd();
+                 if (listener.options && listener.options.once) {
+                   this.removeEventListener(event.type, listener.callback);
+                 }
                }
-               if (polygonStarted) sink.polygonEnd(), polygonStarted = false;
-               segments = polygon = null;
-             },
-             sphere: function() {
-               sink.polygonStart();
-               sink.lineStart();
-               interpolate(null, null, 1, sink);
-               sink.lineEnd();
-               sink.polygonEnd();
+
+               return !event.defaultPrevented;
              }
-           };
+           }]);
 
-           function point(lambda, phi) {
-             if (pointVisible(lambda, phi)) sink.point(lambda, phi);
-           }
+           return Emitter;
+         }();
 
-           function pointLine(lambda, phi) {
-             line.point(lambda, phi);
-           }
+         var AbortSignal = /*#__PURE__*/function (_Emitter) {
+           _inherits(AbortSignal, _Emitter);
 
-           function lineStart() {
-             clip.point = pointLine;
-             line.lineStart();
-           }
+           var _super = _createSuper(AbortSignal);
 
-           function lineEnd() {
-             clip.point = point;
-             line.lineEnd();
-           }
+           function AbortSignal() {
+             var _this;
 
-           function pointRing(lambda, phi) {
-             ring.push([lambda, phi]);
-             ringSink.point(lambda, phi);
-           }
+             _classCallCheck(this, AbortSignal);
 
-           function ringStart() {
-             ringSink.lineStart();
-             ring = [];
-           }
+             _this = _super.call(this); // Some versions of babel does not transpile super() correctly for IE <= 10, if the parent
+             // constructor has failed to run, then "this.listeners" will still be undefined and then we call
+             // the parent constructor directly instead as a workaround. For general details, see babel bug:
+             // https://github.com/babel/babel/issues/3041
+             // This hack was added as a fix for the issue described here:
+             // https://github.com/Financial-Times/polyfill-library/pull/59#issuecomment-477558042
 
-           function ringEnd() {
-             pointRing(ring[0][0], ring[0][1]);
-             ringSink.lineEnd();
+             if (!_this.listeners) {
+               Emitter.call(_assertThisInitialized(_this));
+             } // Compared to assignment, Object.defineProperty makes properties non-enumerable by default and
+             // we want Object.keys(new AbortController().signal) to be [] for compat with the native impl
 
-             var clean = ringSink.clean(),
-                 ringSegments = ringBuffer.result(),
-                 i, n = ringSegments.length, m,
-                 segment,
-                 point;
 
-             ring.pop();
-             polygon.push(ring);
-             ring = null;
+             Object.defineProperty(_assertThisInitialized(_this), 'aborted', {
+               value: false,
+               writable: true,
+               configurable: true
+             });
+             Object.defineProperty(_assertThisInitialized(_this), 'onabort', {
+               value: null,
+               writable: true,
+               configurable: true
+             });
+             return _this;
+           }
 
-             if (!n) return;
+           _createClass(AbortSignal, [{
+             key: "toString",
+             value: function toString() {
+               return '[object AbortSignal]';
+             }
+           }, {
+             key: "dispatchEvent",
+             value: function dispatchEvent(event) {
+               if (event.type === 'abort') {
+                 this.aborted = true;
 
-             // No intersections.
-             if (clean & 1) {
-               segment = ringSegments[0];
-               if ((m = segment.length - 1) > 0) {
-                 if (!polygonStarted) sink.polygonStart(), polygonStarted = true;
-                 sink.lineStart();
-                 for (i = 0; i < m; ++i) sink.point((point = segment[i])[0], point[1]);
-                 sink.lineEnd();
+                 if (typeof this.onabort === 'function') {
+                   this.onabort.call(this, event);
+                 }
                }
-               return;
-             }
 
-             // Rejoin connected segments.
-             // TODO reuse ringBuffer.rejoin()?
-             if (n > 1 && clean & 2) ringSegments.push(ringSegments.pop().concat(ringSegments.shift()));
+               _get(_getPrototypeOf(AbortSignal.prototype), "dispatchEvent", this).call(this, event);
+             }
+           }]);
 
-             segments.push(ringSegments.filter(validSegment));
-           }
+           return AbortSignal;
+         }(Emitter);
 
-           return clip;
-         };
-       }
+         var AbortController = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
+           function AbortController() {
+             _classCallCheck(this, AbortController); // Compared to assignment, Object.defineProperty makes properties non-enumerable by default and
+             // we want Object.keys(new AbortController()) to be [] for compat with the native impl
 
-       function validSegment(segment) {
-         return segment.length > 1;
-       }
 
-       // Intersections are sorted along the clip edge. For both antimeridian cutting
-       // and circle clipping, the same comparison is used.
-       function compareIntersection(a, b) {
-         return ((a = a.x)[0] < 0 ? a[1] - halfPi - epsilon : halfPi - a[1])
-              - ((b = b.x)[0] < 0 ? b[1] - halfPi - epsilon : halfPi - b[1]);
-       }
+             Object.defineProperty(this, 'signal', {
+               value: new AbortSignal(),
+               writable: true,
+               configurable: true
+             });
+           }
 
-       var clipAntimeridian = clip(
-         function() { return true; },
-         clipAntimeridianLine,
-         clipAntimeridianInterpolate,
-         [-pi, -halfPi]
-       );
+           _createClass(AbortController, [{
+             key: "abort",
+             value: function abort() {
+               var event;
 
-       // Takes a line and cuts into visible segments. Return values: 0 - there were
-       // intersections or the line was empty; 1 - no intersections; 2 - there were
-       // intersections, and the first and last segments should be rejoined.
-       function clipAntimeridianLine(stream) {
-         var lambda0 = NaN,
-             phi0 = NaN,
-             sign0 = NaN,
-             clean; // no intersections
+               try {
+                 event = new Event('abort');
+               } catch (e) {
+                 if (typeof document !== 'undefined') {
+                   if (!document.createEvent) {
+                     // For Internet Explorer 8:
+                     event = document.createEventObject();
+                     event.type = 'abort';
+                   } else {
+                     // For Internet Explorer 11:
+                     event = document.createEvent('Event');
+                     event.initEvent('abort', false, false);
+                   }
+                 } else {
+                   // Fallback where document isn't available:
+                   event = {
+                     type: 'abort',
+                     bubbles: false,
+                     cancelable: false
+                   };
+                 }
+               }
 
-         return {
-           lineStart: function() {
-             stream.lineStart();
-             clean = 1;
-           },
-           point: function(lambda1, phi1) {
-             var sign1 = lambda1 > 0 ? pi : -pi,
-                 delta = abs$2(lambda1 - lambda0);
-             if (abs$2(delta - pi) < epsilon) { // line crosses a pole
-               stream.point(lambda0, phi0 = (phi0 + phi1) / 2 > 0 ? halfPi : -halfPi);
-               stream.point(sign0, phi0);
-               stream.lineEnd();
-               stream.lineStart();
-               stream.point(sign1, phi0);
-               stream.point(lambda1, phi0);
-               clean = 0;
-             } else if (sign0 !== sign1 && delta >= pi) { // line crosses antimeridian
-               if (abs$2(lambda0 - sign0) < epsilon) lambda0 -= sign0 * epsilon; // handle degeneracies
-               if (abs$2(lambda1 - sign1) < epsilon) lambda1 -= sign1 * epsilon;
-               phi0 = clipAntimeridianIntersect(lambda0, phi0, lambda1, phi1);
-               stream.point(sign0, phi0);
-               stream.lineEnd();
-               stream.lineStart();
-               stream.point(sign1, phi0);
-               clean = 0;
+               this.signal.dispatchEvent(event);
              }
-             stream.point(lambda0 = lambda1, phi0 = phi1);
-             sign0 = sign1;
-           },
-           lineEnd: function() {
-             stream.lineEnd();
-             lambda0 = phi0 = NaN;
-           },
-           clean: function() {
-             return 2 - clean; // if intersections, rejoin first and last segments
-           }
-         };
-       }
+           }, {
+             key: "toString",
+             value: function toString() {
+               return '[object AbortController]';
+             }
+           }]);
 
-       function clipAntimeridianIntersect(lambda0, phi0, lambda1, phi1) {
-         var cosPhi0,
-             cosPhi1,
-             sinLambda0Lambda1 = sin(lambda0 - lambda1);
-         return abs$2(sinLambda0Lambda1) > epsilon
-             ? atan((sin(phi0) * (cosPhi1 = cos(phi1)) * sin(lambda1)
-                 - sin(phi1) * (cosPhi0 = cos(phi0)) * sin(lambda0))
-                 / (cosPhi0 * cosPhi1 * sinLambda0Lambda1))
-             : (phi0 + phi1) / 2;
-       }
+           return AbortController;
+         }();
 
-       function clipAntimeridianInterpolate(from, to, direction, stream) {
-         var phi;
-         if (from == null) {
-           phi = direction * halfPi;
-           stream.point(-pi, phi);
-           stream.point(0, phi);
-           stream.point(pi, phi);
-           stream.point(pi, 0);
-           stream.point(pi, -phi);
-           stream.point(0, -phi);
-           stream.point(-pi, -phi);
-           stream.point(-pi, 0);
-           stream.point(-pi, phi);
-         } else if (abs$2(from[0] - to[0]) > epsilon) {
-           var lambda = from[0] < to[0] ? pi : -pi;
-           phi = direction * lambda / 2;
-           stream.point(-lambda, phi);
-           stream.point(0, phi);
-           stream.point(lambda, phi);
-         } else {
-           stream.point(to[0], to[1]);
+         if (typeof Symbol !== 'undefined' && Symbol.toStringTag) {
+           // These are necessary to make sure that we get correct output for:
+           // Object.prototype.toString.call(new AbortController())
+           AbortController.prototype[Symbol.toStringTag] = 'AbortController';
+           AbortSignal.prototype[Symbol.toStringTag] = 'AbortSignal';
          }
-       }
 
-       function clipCircle(radius) {
-         var cr = cos(radius),
-             delta = 6 * radians,
-             smallRadius = cr > 0,
-             notHemisphere = abs$2(cr) > epsilon; // TODO optimise for this common case
+         function polyfillNeeded(self) {
+           if (self.__FORCE_INSTALL_ABORTCONTROLLER_POLYFILL) {
+             console.log('__FORCE_INSTALL_ABORTCONTROLLER_POLYFILL=true is set, will force install polyfill');
+             return true;
+           } // Note that the "unfetch" minimal fetch polyfill defines fetch() without
+           // defining window.Request, and this polyfill need to work on top of unfetch
+           // so the below feature detection needs the !self.AbortController part.
+           // The Request.prototype check is also needed because Safari versions 11.1.2
+           // up to and including 12.1.x has a window.AbortController present but still
+           // does NOT correctly implement abortable fetch:
+           // https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=174980#c2
 
-         function interpolate(from, to, direction, stream) {
-           circleStream(stream, radius, delta, direction, from, to);
-         }
 
-         function visible(lambda, phi) {
-           return cos(lambda) * cos(phi) > cr;
+           return typeof self.Request === 'function' && !self.Request.prototype.hasOwnProperty('signal') || !self.AbortController;
          }
+         /**
+          * Note: the "fetch.Request" default value is available for fetch imported from
+          * the "node-fetch" package and not in browsers. This is OK since browsers
+          * will be importing umd-polyfill.js from that path "self" is passed the
+          * decorator so the default value will not be used (because browsers that define
+          * fetch also has Request). One quirky setup where self.fetch exists but
+          * self.Request does not is when the "unfetch" minimal fetch polyfill is used
+          * on top of IE11; for this case the browser will try to use the fetch.Request
+          * default value which in turn will be undefined but then then "if (Request)"
+          * will ensure that you get a patched fetch but still no Request (as expected).
+          * @param {fetch, Request = fetch.Request}
+          * @returns {fetch: abortableFetch, Request: AbortableRequest}
+          */
 
-         // Takes a line and cuts into visible segments. Return values used for polygon
-         // clipping: 0 - there were intersections or the line was empty; 1 - no
-         // intersections 2 - there were intersections, and the first and last segments
-         // should be rejoined.
-         function clipLine(stream) {
-           var point0, // previous point
-               c0, // code for previous point
-               v0, // visibility of previous point
-               v00, // visibility of first point
-               clean; // no intersections
-           return {
-             lineStart: function() {
-               v00 = v0 = false;
-               clean = 1;
-             },
-             point: function(lambda, phi) {
-               var point1 = [lambda, phi],
-                   point2,
-                   v = visible(lambda, phi),
-                   c = smallRadius
-                     ? v ? 0 : code(lambda, phi)
-                     : v ? code(lambda + (lambda < 0 ? pi : -pi), phi) : 0;
-               if (!point0 && (v00 = v0 = v)) stream.lineStart();
-               if (v !== v0) {
-                 point2 = intersect(point0, point1);
-                 if (!point2 || pointEqual(point0, point2) || pointEqual(point1, point2))
-                   point1[2] = 1;
-               }
-               if (v !== v0) {
-                 clean = 0;
-                 if (v) {
-                   // outside going in
-                   stream.lineStart();
-                   point2 = intersect(point1, point0);
-                   stream.point(point2[0], point2[1]);
-                 } else {
-                   // inside going out
-                   point2 = intersect(point0, point1);
-                   stream.point(point2[0], point2[1], 2);
-                   stream.lineEnd();
-                 }
-                 point0 = point2;
-               } else if (notHemisphere && point0 && smallRadius ^ v) {
-                 var t;
-                 // If the codes for two points are different, or are both zero,
-                 // and there this segment intersects with the small circle.
-                 if (!(c & c0) && (t = intersect(point1, point0, true))) {
-                   clean = 0;
-                   if (smallRadius) {
-                     stream.lineStart();
-                     stream.point(t[0][0], t[0][1]);
-                     stream.point(t[1][0], t[1][1]);
-                     stream.lineEnd();
-                   } else {
-                     stream.point(t[1][0], t[1][1]);
-                     stream.lineEnd();
-                     stream.lineStart();
-                     stream.point(t[0][0], t[0][1], 3);
-                   }
-                 }
+
+         function abortableFetchDecorator(patchTargets) {
+           if ('function' === typeof patchTargets) {
+             patchTargets = {
+               fetch: patchTargets
+             };
+           }
+
+           var _patchTargets = patchTargets,
+               fetch = _patchTargets.fetch,
+               _patchTargets$Request = _patchTargets.Request,
+               NativeRequest = _patchTargets$Request === void 0 ? fetch.Request : _patchTargets$Request,
+               NativeAbortController = _patchTargets.AbortController,
+               _patchTargets$__FORCE = _patchTargets.__FORCE_INSTALL_ABORTCONTROLLER_POLYFILL,
+               __FORCE_INSTALL_ABORTCONTROLLER_POLYFILL = _patchTargets$__FORCE === void 0 ? false : _patchTargets$__FORCE;
+
+           if (!polyfillNeeded({
+             fetch: fetch,
+             Request: NativeRequest,
+             AbortController: NativeAbortController,
+             __FORCE_INSTALL_ABORTCONTROLLER_POLYFILL: __FORCE_INSTALL_ABORTCONTROLLER_POLYFILL
+           })) {
+             return {
+               fetch: fetch,
+               Request: Request
+             };
+           }
+
+           var Request = NativeRequest; // Note that the "unfetch" minimal fetch polyfill defines fetch() without
+           // defining window.Request, and this polyfill need to work on top of unfetch
+           // hence we only patch it if it's available. Also we don't patch it if signal
+           // is already available on the Request prototype because in this case support
+           // is present and the patching below can cause a crash since it assigns to
+           // request.signal which is technically a read-only property. This latter error
+           // happens when you run the main5.js node-fetch example in the repo
+           // "abortcontroller-polyfill-examples". The exact error is:
+           //   request.signal = init.signal;
+           //   ^
+           // TypeError: Cannot set property signal of #<Request> which has only a getter
+
+           if (Request && !Request.prototype.hasOwnProperty('signal') || __FORCE_INSTALL_ABORTCONTROLLER_POLYFILL) {
+             Request = function Request(input, init) {
+               var signal;
+
+               if (init && init.signal) {
+                 signal = init.signal; // Never pass init.signal to the native Request implementation when the polyfill has
+                 // been installed because if we're running on top of a browser with a
+                 // working native AbortController (i.e. the polyfill was installed due to
+                 // __FORCE_INSTALL_ABORTCONTROLLER_POLYFILL being set), then passing our
+                 // fake AbortSignal to the native fetch will trigger:
+                 // TypeError: Failed to construct 'Request': member signal is not of type AbortSignal.
+
+                 delete init.signal;
                }
-               if (v && (!point0 || !pointEqual(point0, point1))) {
-                 stream.point(point1[0], point1[1]);
+
+               var request = new NativeRequest(input, init);
+
+               if (signal) {
+                 Object.defineProperty(request, 'signal', {
+                   writable: false,
+                   enumerable: false,
+                   configurable: true,
+                   value: signal
+                 });
                }
-               point0 = point1, v0 = v, c0 = c;
-             },
-             lineEnd: function() {
-               if (v0) stream.lineEnd();
-               point0 = null;
-             },
-             // Rejoin first and last segments if there were intersections and the first
-             // and last points were visible.
-             clean: function() {
-               return clean | ((v00 && v0) << 1);
-             }
-           };
-         }
 
-         // Intersects the great circle between a and b with the clip circle.
-         function intersect(a, b, two) {
-           var pa = cartesian(a),
-               pb = cartesian(b);
+               return request;
+             };
 
-           // We have two planes, n1.p = d1 and n2.p = d2.
-           // Find intersection line p(t) = c1 n1 + c2 n2 + t (n1 ⨯ n2).
-           var n1 = [1, 0, 0], // normal
-               n2 = cartesianCross(pa, pb),
-               n2n2 = cartesianDot(n2, n2),
-               n1n2 = n2[0], // cartesianDot(n1, n2),
-               determinant = n2n2 - n1n2 * n1n2;
+             Request.prototype = NativeRequest.prototype;
+           }
 
-           // Two polar points.
-           if (!determinant) return !two && a;
+           var realFetch = fetch;
 
-           var c1 =  cr * n2n2 / determinant,
-               c2 = -cr * n1n2 / determinant,
-               n1xn2 = cartesianCross(n1, n2),
-               A = cartesianScale(n1, c1),
-               B = cartesianScale(n2, c2);
-           cartesianAddInPlace(A, B);
+           var abortableFetch = function abortableFetch(input, init) {
+             var signal = Request && Request.prototype.isPrototypeOf(input) ? input.signal : init ? init.signal : undefined;
 
-           // Solve |p(t)|^2 = 1.
-           var u = n1xn2,
-               w = cartesianDot(A, u),
-               uu = cartesianDot(u, u),
-               t2 = w * w - uu * (cartesianDot(A, A) - 1);
+             if (signal) {
+               var abortError;
 
-           if (t2 < 0) return;
+               try {
+                 abortError = new DOMException('Aborted', 'AbortError');
+               } catch (err) {
+                 // IE 11 does not support calling the DOMException constructor, use a
+                 // regular error object on it instead.
+                 abortError = new Error('Aborted');
+                 abortError.name = 'AbortError';
+               } // Return early if already aborted, thus avoiding making an HTTP request
 
-           var t = sqrt(t2),
-               q = cartesianScale(u, (-w - t) / uu);
-           cartesianAddInPlace(q, A);
-           q = spherical(q);
 
-           if (!two) return q;
+               if (signal.aborted) {
+                 return Promise.reject(abortError);
+               } // Turn an event into a promise, reject it once `abort` is dispatched
 
-           // Two intersection points.
-           var lambda0 = a[0],
-               lambda1 = b[0],
-               phi0 = a[1],
-               phi1 = b[1],
-               z;
 
-           if (lambda1 < lambda0) z = lambda0, lambda0 = lambda1, lambda1 = z;
+               var cancellation = new Promise(function (_, reject) {
+                 signal.addEventListener('abort', function () {
+                   return reject(abortError);
+                 }, {
+                   once: true
+                 });
+               });
 
-           var delta = lambda1 - lambda0,
-               polar = abs$2(delta - pi) < epsilon,
-               meridian = polar || delta < epsilon;
+               if (init && init.signal) {
+                 // Never pass .signal to the native implementation when the polyfill has
+                 // been installed because if we're running on top of a browser with a
+                 // working native AbortController (i.e. the polyfill was installed due to
+                 // __FORCE_INSTALL_ABORTCONTROLLER_POLYFILL being set), then passing our
+                 // fake AbortSignal to the native fetch will trigger:
+                 // TypeError: Failed to execute 'fetch' on 'Window': member signal is not of type AbortSignal.
+                 delete init.signal;
+               } // Return the fastest promise (don't need to wait for request to finish)
 
-           if (!polar && phi1 < phi0) z = phi0, phi0 = phi1, phi1 = z;
 
-           // Check that the first point is between a and b.
-           if (meridian
-               ? polar
-                 ? phi0 + phi1 > 0 ^ q[1] < (abs$2(q[0] - lambda0) < epsilon ? phi0 : phi1)
-                 : phi0 <= q[1] && q[1] <= phi1
-               : delta > pi ^ (lambda0 <= q[0] && q[0] <= lambda1)) {
-             var q1 = cartesianScale(u, (-w + t) / uu);
-             cartesianAddInPlace(q1, A);
-             return [q, spherical(q1)];
-           }
-         }
+               return Promise.race([cancellation, realFetch(input, init)]);
+             }
 
-         // Generates a 4-bit vector representing the location of a point relative to
-         // the small circle's bounding box.
-         function code(lambda, phi) {
-           var r = smallRadius ? radius : pi - radius,
-               code = 0;
-           if (lambda < -r) code |= 1; // left
-           else if (lambda > r) code |= 2; // right
-           if (phi < -r) code |= 4; // below
-           else if (phi > r) code |= 8; // above
-           return code;
+             return realFetch(input, init);
+           };
+
+           return {
+             fetch: abortableFetch,
+             Request: Request
+           };
          }
 
-         return clip(visible, clipLine, interpolate, smallRadius ? [0, -radius] : [-pi, radius - pi]);
-       }
+         (function (self) {
+           if (!polyfillNeeded(self)) {
+             return;
+           }
 
-       function clipLine(a, b, x0, y0, x1, y1) {
-         var ax = a[0],
-             ay = a[1],
-             bx = b[0],
-             by = b[1],
-             t0 = 0,
-             t1 = 1,
-             dx = bx - ax,
-             dy = by - ay,
-             r;
+           if (!self.fetch) {
+             console.warn('fetch() is not available, cannot install abortcontroller-polyfill');
+             return;
+           }
 
-         r = x0 - ax;
-         if (!dx && r > 0) return;
-         r /= dx;
-         if (dx < 0) {
-           if (r < t0) return;
-           if (r < t1) t1 = r;
-         } else if (dx > 0) {
-           if (r > t1) return;
-           if (r > t0) t0 = r;
-         }
+           var _abortableFetch = abortableFetchDecorator(self),
+               fetch = _abortableFetch.fetch,
+               Request = _abortableFetch.Request;
 
-         r = x1 - ax;
-         if (!dx && r < 0) return;
-         r /= dx;
-         if (dx < 0) {
-           if (r > t1) return;
-           if (r > t0) t0 = r;
-         } else if (dx > 0) {
-           if (r < t0) return;
-           if (r < t1) t1 = r;
-         }
+           self.fetch = fetch;
+           self.Request = Request;
+           Object.defineProperty(self, 'AbortController', {
+             writable: true,
+             enumerable: false,
+             configurable: true,
+             value: AbortController
+           });
+           Object.defineProperty(self, 'AbortSignal', {
+             writable: true,
+             enumerable: false,
+             configurable: true,
+             value: AbortSignal
+           });
+         })(typeof self !== 'undefined' ? self : commonjsGlobal);
+       });
 
-         r = y0 - ay;
-         if (!dy && r > 0) return;
-         r /= dy;
-         if (dy < 0) {
-           if (r < t0) return;
-           if (r < t1) t1 = r;
-         } else if (dy > 0) {
-           if (r > t1) return;
-           if (r > t0) t0 = r;
-         }
+       function actionAddEntity(way) {
+         return function (graph) {
+           return graph.replace(way);
+         };
+       }
 
-         r = y1 - ay;
-         if (!dy && r < 0) return;
-         r /= dy;
-         if (dy < 0) {
-           if (r > t1) return;
-           if (r > t0) t0 = r;
-         } else if (dy > 0) {
-           if (r < t0) return;
-           if (r < t1) t1 = r;
+       var IS_CONCAT_SPREADABLE = wellKnownSymbol('isConcatSpreadable');
+       var MAX_SAFE_INTEGER = 0x1FFFFFFFFFFFFF;
+       var MAXIMUM_ALLOWED_INDEX_EXCEEDED = 'Maximum allowed index exceeded';
+
+       // We can't use this feature detection in V8 since it causes
+       // deoptimization and serious performance degradation
+       // https://github.com/zloirock/core-js/issues/679
+       var IS_CONCAT_SPREADABLE_SUPPORT = engineV8Version >= 51 || !fails(function () {
+         var array = [];
+         array[IS_CONCAT_SPREADABLE] = false;
+         return array.concat()[0] !== array;
+       });
+
+       var SPECIES_SUPPORT = arrayMethodHasSpeciesSupport('concat');
+
+       var isConcatSpreadable = function (O) {
+         if (!isObject$4(O)) return false;
+         var spreadable = O[IS_CONCAT_SPREADABLE];
+         return spreadable !== undefined ? !!spreadable : isArray(O);
+       };
+
+       var FORCED$8 = !IS_CONCAT_SPREADABLE_SUPPORT || !SPECIES_SUPPORT;
+
+       // `Array.prototype.concat` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-array.prototype.concat
+       // with adding support of @@isConcatSpreadable and @@species
+       _export({ target: 'Array', proto: true, forced: FORCED$8 }, {
+         // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars -- required for `.length`
+         concat: function concat(arg) {
+           var O = toObject(this);
+           var A = arraySpeciesCreate(O, 0);
+           var n = 0;
+           var i, k, length, len, E;
+           for (i = -1, length = arguments.length; i < length; i++) {
+             E = i === -1 ? O : arguments[i];
+             if (isConcatSpreadable(E)) {
+               len = toLength(E.length);
+               if (n + len > MAX_SAFE_INTEGER) throw TypeError(MAXIMUM_ALLOWED_INDEX_EXCEEDED);
+               for (k = 0; k < len; k++, n++) if (k in E) createProperty(A, n, E[k]);
+             } else {
+               if (n >= MAX_SAFE_INTEGER) throw TypeError(MAXIMUM_ALLOWED_INDEX_EXCEEDED);
+               createProperty(A, n++, E);
+             }
+           }
+           A.length = n;
+           return A;
          }
+       });
 
-         if (t0 > 0) a[0] = ax + t0 * dx, a[1] = ay + t0 * dy;
-         if (t1 < 1) b[0] = ax + t1 * dx, b[1] = ay + t1 * dy;
-         return true;
-       }
+       // `Object.assign` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-object.assign
+       // eslint-disable-next-line es/no-object-assign -- required for testing
+       _export({ target: 'Object', stat: true, forced: Object.assign !== objectAssign }, {
+         assign: objectAssign
+       });
 
-       var clipMax = 1e9, clipMin = -clipMax;
+       var $filter = arrayIteration.filter;
 
-       // TODO Use d3-polygon’s polygonContains here for the ring check?
-       // TODO Eliminate duplicate buffering in clipBuffer and polygon.push?
 
-       function clipRectangle(x0, y0, x1, y1) {
+       var HAS_SPECIES_SUPPORT = arrayMethodHasSpeciesSupport('filter');
 
-         function visible(x, y) {
-           return x0 <= x && x <= x1 && y0 <= y && y <= y1;
+       // `Array.prototype.filter` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-array.prototype.filter
+       // with adding support of @@species
+       _export({ target: 'Array', proto: true, forced: !HAS_SPECIES_SUPPORT }, {
+         filter: function filter(callbackfn /* , thisArg */) {
+           return $filter(this, callbackfn, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);
          }
+       });
 
-         function interpolate(from, to, direction, stream) {
-           var a = 0, a1 = 0;
-           if (from == null
-               || (a = corner(from, direction)) !== (a1 = corner(to, direction))
-               || comparePoint(from, to) < 0 ^ direction > 0) {
-             do stream.point(a === 0 || a === 3 ? x0 : x1, a > 1 ? y1 : y0);
-             while ((a = (a + direction + 4) % 4) !== a1);
-           } else {
-             stream.point(to[0], to[1]);
-           }
-         }
+       var FAILS_ON_PRIMITIVES$1 = fails(function () { objectKeys(1); });
 
-         function corner(p, direction) {
-           return abs$2(p[0] - x0) < epsilon ? direction > 0 ? 0 : 3
-               : abs$2(p[0] - x1) < epsilon ? direction > 0 ? 2 : 1
-               : abs$2(p[1] - y0) < epsilon ? direction > 0 ? 1 : 0
-               : direction > 0 ? 3 : 2; // abs(p[1] - y1) < epsilon
+       // `Object.keys` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-object.keys
+       _export({ target: 'Object', stat: true, forced: FAILS_ON_PRIMITIVES$1 }, {
+         keys: function keys(it) {
+           return objectKeys(toObject(it));
          }
+       });
 
-         function compareIntersection(a, b) {
-           return comparePoint(a.x, b.x);
-         }
+       var nativeReverse = [].reverse;
+       var test$1 = [1, 2];
 
-         function comparePoint(a, b) {
-           var ca = corner(a, 1),
-               cb = corner(b, 1);
-           return ca !== cb ? ca - cb
-               : ca === 0 ? b[1] - a[1]
-               : ca === 1 ? a[0] - b[0]
-               : ca === 2 ? a[1] - b[1]
-               : b[0] - a[0];
+       // `Array.prototype.reverse` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-array.prototype.reverse
+       // fix for Safari 12.0 bug
+       // https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=188794
+       _export({ target: 'Array', proto: true, forced: String(test$1) === String(test$1.reverse()) }, {
+         reverse: function reverse() {
+           // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-assign -- dirty hack
+           if (isArray(this)) this.length = this.length;
+           return nativeReverse.call(this);
          }
+       });
 
-         return function(stream) {
-           var activeStream = stream,
-               bufferStream = clipBuffer(),
-               segments,
-               polygon,
-               ring,
-               x__, y__, v__, // first point
-               x_, y_, v_, // previous point
-               first,
-               clean;
+       var trim$4 = stringTrim.trim;
 
-           var clipStream = {
-             point: point,
-             lineStart: lineStart,
-             lineEnd: lineEnd,
-             polygonStart: polygonStart,
-             polygonEnd: polygonEnd
-           };
 
-           function point(x, y) {
-             if (visible(x, y)) activeStream.point(x, y);
-           }
+       var $parseFloat = global$2.parseFloat;
+       var FORCED$7 = 1 / $parseFloat(whitespaces + '-0') !== -Infinity;
 
-           function polygonInside() {
-             var winding = 0;
+       // `parseFloat` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-parsefloat-string
+       var numberParseFloat = FORCED$7 ? function parseFloat(string) {
+         var trimmedString = trim$4(String(string));
+         var result = $parseFloat(trimmedString);
+         return result === 0 && trimmedString.charAt(0) == '-' ? -0 : result;
+       } : $parseFloat;
 
-             for (var i = 0, n = polygon.length; i < n; ++i) {
-               for (var ring = polygon[i], j = 1, m = ring.length, point = ring[0], a0, a1, b0 = point[0], b1 = point[1]; j < m; ++j) {
-                 a0 = b0, a1 = b1, point = ring[j], b0 = point[0], b1 = point[1];
-                 if (a1 <= y1) { if (b1 > y1 && (b0 - a0) * (y1 - a1) > (b1 - a1) * (x0 - a0)) ++winding; }
-                 else { if (b1 <= y1 && (b0 - a0) * (y1 - a1) < (b1 - a1) * (x0 - a0)) --winding; }
+       // `parseFloat` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-parsefloat-string
+       _export({ global: true, forced: parseFloat != numberParseFloat }, {
+         parseFloat: numberParseFloat
+       });
+
+       /*
+       Order the nodes of a way in reverse order and reverse any direction dependent tags
+       other than `oneway`. (We assume that correcting a backwards oneway is the primary
+       reason for reversing a way.)
+
+       In addition, numeric-valued `incline` tags are negated.
+
+       The JOSM implementation was used as a guide, but transformations that were of unclear benefit
+       or adjusted tags that don't seem to be used in practice were omitted.
+
+       References:
+           http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Forward_%26_backward,_left_%26_right
+           http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Key:direction#Steps
+           http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Key:incline
+           http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Route#Members
+           http://josm.openstreetmap.de/browser/josm/trunk/src/org/openstreetmap/josm/corrector/ReverseWayTagCorrector.java
+           http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Tag:highway%3Dstop
+           http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Key:traffic_sign#On_a_way_or_area
+       */
+       function actionReverse(entityID, options) {
+         var ignoreKey = /^.*(_|:)?(description|name|note|website|ref|source|comment|watch|attribution)(_|:)?/;
+         var numeric = /^([+\-]?)(?=[\d.])/;
+         var directionKey = /direction$/;
+         var turn_lanes = /^turn:lanes:?/;
+         var keyReplacements = [[/:right$/, ':left'], [/:left$/, ':right'], [/:forward$/, ':backward'], [/:backward$/, ':forward'], [/:right:/, ':left:'], [/:left:/, ':right:'], [/:forward:/, ':backward:'], [/:backward:/, ':forward:']];
+         var valueReplacements = {
+           left: 'right',
+           right: 'left',
+           up: 'down',
+           down: 'up',
+           forward: 'backward',
+           backward: 'forward',
+           forwards: 'backward',
+           backwards: 'forward'
+         };
+         var roleReplacements = {
+           forward: 'backward',
+           backward: 'forward',
+           forwards: 'backward',
+           backwards: 'forward'
+         };
+         var onewayReplacements = {
+           yes: '-1',
+           '1': '-1',
+           '-1': 'yes'
+         };
+         var compassReplacements = {
+           N: 'S',
+           NNE: 'SSW',
+           NE: 'SW',
+           ENE: 'WSW',
+           E: 'W',
+           ESE: 'WNW',
+           SE: 'NW',
+           SSE: 'NNW',
+           S: 'N',
+           SSW: 'NNE',
+           SW: 'NE',
+           WSW: 'ENE',
+           W: 'E',
+           WNW: 'ESE',
+           NW: 'SE',
+           NNW: 'SSE'
+         };
+
+         function reverseKey(key) {
+           for (var i = 0; i < keyReplacements.length; ++i) {
+             var replacement = keyReplacements[i];
+
+             if (replacement[0].test(key)) {
+               return key.replace(replacement[0], replacement[1]);
+             }
+           }
+
+           return key;
+         }
+
+         function reverseValue(key, value, includeAbsolute) {
+           if (ignoreKey.test(key)) return value; // Turn lanes are left/right to key (not way) direction - #5674
+
+           if (turn_lanes.test(key)) {
+             return value;
+           } else if (key === 'incline' && numeric.test(value)) {
+             return value.replace(numeric, function (_, sign) {
+               return sign === '-' ? '' : '-';
+             });
+           } else if (options && options.reverseOneway && key === 'oneway') {
+             return onewayReplacements[value] || value;
+           } else if (includeAbsolute && directionKey.test(key)) {
+             if (compassReplacements[value]) return compassReplacements[value];
+             var degrees = parseFloat(value);
+
+             if (typeof degrees === 'number' && !isNaN(degrees)) {
+               if (degrees < 180) {
+                 degrees += 180;
+               } else {
+                 degrees -= 180;
                }
+
+               return degrees.toString();
              }
+           }
 
-             return winding;
+           return valueReplacements[value] || value;
+         } // Reverse the direction of tags attached to the nodes - #3076
+
+
+         function reverseNodeTags(graph, nodeIDs) {
+           for (var i = 0; i < nodeIDs.length; i++) {
+             var node = graph.hasEntity(nodeIDs[i]);
+             if (!node || !Object.keys(node.tags).length) continue;
+             var tags = {};
+
+             for (var key in node.tags) {
+               tags[reverseKey(key)] = reverseValue(key, node.tags[key], node.id === entityID);
+             }
+
+             graph = graph.replace(node.update({
+               tags: tags
+             }));
            }
 
-           // Buffer geometry within a polygon and then clip it en masse.
-           function polygonStart() {
-             activeStream = bufferStream, segments = [], polygon = [], clean = true;
+           return graph;
+         }
+
+         function reverseWay(graph, way) {
+           var nodes = way.nodes.slice().reverse();
+           var tags = {};
+           var role;
+
+           for (var key in way.tags) {
+             tags[reverseKey(key)] = reverseValue(key, way.tags[key]);
            }
 
-           function polygonEnd() {
-             var startInside = polygonInside(),
-                 cleanInside = clean && startInside,
-                 visible = (segments = merge(segments)).length;
-             if (cleanInside || visible) {
-               stream.polygonStart();
-               if (cleanInside) {
-                 stream.lineStart();
-                 interpolate(null, null, 1, stream);
-                 stream.lineEnd();
-               }
-               if (visible) {
-                 clipRejoin(segments, compareIntersection, startInside, interpolate, stream);
+           graph.parentRelations(way).forEach(function (relation) {
+             relation.members.forEach(function (member, index) {
+               if (member.id === way.id && (role = roleReplacements[member.role])) {
+                 relation = relation.updateMember({
+                   role: role
+                 }, index);
+                 graph = graph.replace(relation);
                }
-               stream.polygonEnd();
-             }
-             activeStream = stream, segments = polygon = ring = null;
-           }
+             });
+           }); // Reverse any associated directions on nodes on the way and then replace
+           // the way itself with the reversed node ids and updated way tags
 
-           function lineStart() {
-             clipStream.point = linePoint;
-             if (polygon) polygon.push(ring = []);
-             first = true;
-             v_ = false;
-             x_ = y_ = NaN;
-           }
+           return reverseNodeTags(graph, nodes).replace(way.update({
+             nodes: nodes,
+             tags: tags
+           }));
+         }
 
-           // TODO rather than special-case polygons, simply handle them separately.
-           // Ideally, coincident intersection points should be jittered to avoid
-           // clipping issues.
-           function lineEnd() {
-             if (segments) {
-               linePoint(x__, y__);
-               if (v__ && v_) bufferStream.rejoin();
-               segments.push(bufferStream.result());
-             }
-             clipStream.point = point;
-             if (v_) activeStream.lineEnd();
-           }
+         var action = function action(graph) {
+           var entity = graph.entity(entityID);
 
-           function linePoint(x, y) {
-             var v = visible(x, y);
-             if (polygon) ring.push([x, y]);
-             if (first) {
-               x__ = x, y__ = y, v__ = v;
-               first = false;
-               if (v) {
-                 activeStream.lineStart();
-                 activeStream.point(x, y);
-               }
-             } else {
-               if (v && v_) activeStream.point(x, y);
-               else {
-                 var a = [x_ = Math.max(clipMin, Math.min(clipMax, x_)), y_ = Math.max(clipMin, Math.min(clipMax, y_))],
-                     b = [x = Math.max(clipMin, Math.min(clipMax, x)), y = Math.max(clipMin, Math.min(clipMax, y))];
-                 if (clipLine(a, b, x0, y0, x1, y1)) {
-                   if (!v_) {
-                     activeStream.lineStart();
-                     activeStream.point(a[0], a[1]);
-                   }
-                   activeStream.point(b[0], b[1]);
-                   if (!v) activeStream.lineEnd();
-                   clean = false;
-                 } else if (v) {
-                   activeStream.lineStart();
-                   activeStream.point(x, y);
-                   clean = false;
-                 }
-               }
-             }
-             x_ = x, y_ = y, v_ = v;
+           if (entity.type === 'way') {
+             return reverseWay(graph, entity);
            }
 
-           return clipStream;
+           return reverseNodeTags(graph, [entityID]);
          };
-       }
 
-       var lengthSum = adder(),
-           lambda0$2,
-           sinPhi0$1,
-           cosPhi0$1;
+         action.disabled = function (graph) {
+           var entity = graph.hasEntity(entityID);
+           if (!entity || entity.type === 'way') return false;
 
-       var lengthStream = {
-         sphere: noop$2,
-         point: noop$2,
-         lineStart: lengthLineStart,
-         lineEnd: noop$2,
-         polygonStart: noop$2,
-         polygonEnd: noop$2
-       };
+           for (var key in entity.tags) {
+             var value = entity.tags[key];
 
-       function lengthLineStart() {
-         lengthStream.point = lengthPointFirst;
-         lengthStream.lineEnd = lengthLineEnd;
-       }
+             if (reverseKey(key) !== key || reverseValue(key, value, true) !== value) {
+               return false;
+             }
+           }
 
-       function lengthLineEnd() {
-         lengthStream.point = lengthStream.lineEnd = noop$2;
-       }
+           return 'nondirectional_node';
+         };
 
-       function lengthPointFirst(lambda, phi) {
-         lambda *= radians, phi *= radians;
-         lambda0$2 = lambda, sinPhi0$1 = sin(phi), cosPhi0$1 = cos(phi);
-         lengthStream.point = lengthPoint;
-       }
+         action.entityID = function () {
+           return entityID;
+         };
 
-       function lengthPoint(lambda, phi) {
-         lambda *= radians, phi *= radians;
-         var sinPhi = sin(phi),
-             cosPhi = cos(phi),
-             delta = abs$2(lambda - lambda0$2),
-             cosDelta = cos(delta),
-             sinDelta = sin(delta),
-             x = cosPhi * sinDelta,
-             y = cosPhi0$1 * sinPhi - sinPhi0$1 * cosPhi * cosDelta,
-             z = sinPhi0$1 * sinPhi + cosPhi0$1 * cosPhi * cosDelta;
-         lengthSum.add(atan2(sqrt(x * x + y * y), z));
-         lambda0$2 = lambda, sinPhi0$1 = sinPhi, cosPhi0$1 = cosPhi;
+         return action;
        }
 
-       function d3_geoLength(object) {
-         lengthSum.reset();
-         d3_geoStream(object, lengthStream);
-         return +lengthSum;
+       function osmIsInterestingTag(key) {
+         return key !== 'attribution' && key !== 'created_by' && key !== 'source' && key !== 'odbl' && key.indexOf('source:') !== 0 && key.indexOf('source_ref') !== 0 && // purposely exclude colon
+         key.indexOf('tiger:') !== 0;
        }
+       var osmAreaKeys = {};
+       function osmSetAreaKeys(value) {
+         osmAreaKeys = value;
+       } // returns an object with the tag from `tags` that implies an area geometry, if any
 
-       function identity(x) {
-         return x;
-       }
+       function osmTagSuggestingArea(tags) {
+         if (tags.area === 'yes') return {
+           area: 'yes'
+         };
+         if (tags.area === 'no') return null; // `highway` and `railway` are typically linear features, but there
+         // are a few exceptions that should be treated as areas, even in the
+         // absence of a proper `area=yes` or `areaKeys` tag.. see #4194
 
-       var areaSum$1 = adder(),
-           areaRingSum$1 = adder(),
-           x00,
-           y00,
-           x0$1,
-           y0$1;
+         var lineKeys = {
+           highway: {
+             rest_area: true,
+             services: true
+           },
+           railway: {
+             roundhouse: true,
+             station: true,
+             traverser: true,
+             turntable: true,
+             wash: true
+           }
+         };
+         var returnTags = {};
 
-       var areaStream$1 = {
-         point: noop$2,
-         lineStart: noop$2,
-         lineEnd: noop$2,
-         polygonStart: function() {
-           areaStream$1.lineStart = areaRingStart$1;
-           areaStream$1.lineEnd = areaRingEnd$1;
-         },
-         polygonEnd: function() {
-           areaStream$1.lineStart = areaStream$1.lineEnd = areaStream$1.point = noop$2;
-           areaSum$1.add(abs$2(areaRingSum$1));
-           areaRingSum$1.reset();
-         },
-         result: function() {
-           var area = areaSum$1 / 2;
-           areaSum$1.reset();
-           return area;
+         for (var key in tags) {
+           if (key in osmAreaKeys && !(tags[key] in osmAreaKeys[key])) {
+             returnTags[key] = tags[key];
+             return returnTags;
+           }
+
+           if (key in lineKeys && tags[key] in lineKeys[key]) {
+             returnTags[key] = tags[key];
+             return returnTags;
+           }
          }
-       };
 
-       function areaRingStart$1() {
-         areaStream$1.point = areaPointFirst$1;
-       }
+         return null;
+       } // Tags that indicate a node can be a standalone point
+       // e.g. { amenity: { bar: true, parking: true, ... } ... }
 
-       function areaPointFirst$1(x, y) {
-         areaStream$1.point = areaPoint$1;
-         x00 = x0$1 = x, y00 = y0$1 = y;
-       }
+       var osmPointTags = {};
+       function osmSetPointTags(value) {
+         osmPointTags = value;
+       } // Tags that indicate a node can be part of a way
+       // e.g. { amenity: { parking: true, ... }, highway: { stop: true ... } ... }
 
-       function areaPoint$1(x, y) {
-         areaRingSum$1.add(y0$1 * x - x0$1 * y);
-         x0$1 = x, y0$1 = y;
+       var osmVertexTags = {};
+       function osmSetVertexTags(value) {
+         osmVertexTags = value;
        }
+       function osmNodeGeometriesForTags(nodeTags) {
+         var geometries = {};
 
-       function areaRingEnd$1() {
-         areaPoint$1(x00, y00);
-       }
+         for (var key in nodeTags) {
+           if (osmPointTags[key] && (osmPointTags[key]['*'] || osmPointTags[key][nodeTags[key]])) {
+             geometries.point = true;
+           }
 
-       var x0$2 = Infinity,
-           y0$2 = x0$2,
-           x1 = -x0$2,
-           y1 = x1;
+           if (osmVertexTags[key] && (osmVertexTags[key]['*'] || osmVertexTags[key][nodeTags[key]])) {
+             geometries.vertex = true;
+           } // break early if both are already supported
 
-       var boundsStream$1 = {
-         point: boundsPoint$1,
-         lineStart: noop$2,
-         lineEnd: noop$2,
-         polygonStart: noop$2,
-         polygonEnd: noop$2,
-         result: function() {
-           var bounds = [[x0$2, y0$2], [x1, y1]];
-           x1 = y1 = -(y0$2 = x0$2 = Infinity);
-           return bounds;
+
+           if (geometries.point && geometries.vertex) break;
          }
-       };
 
-       function boundsPoint$1(x, y) {
-         if (x < x0$2) x0$2 = x;
-         if (x > x1) x1 = x;
-         if (y < y0$2) y0$2 = y;
-         if (y > y1) y1 = y;
+         return geometries;
        }
+       var osmOneWayTags = {
+         'aerialway': {
+           'chair_lift': true,
+           'drag_lift': true,
+           'j-bar': true,
+           'magic_carpet': true,
+           'mixed_lift': true,
+           'platter': true,
+           'rope_tow': true,
+           't-bar': true,
+           'zip_line': true
+         },
+         'highway': {
+           'motorway': true
+         },
+         'junction': {
+           'circular': true,
+           'roundabout': true
+         },
+         'man_made': {
+           'goods_conveyor': true,
+           'piste:halfpipe': true
+         },
+         'piste:type': {
+           'downhill': true,
+           'sled': true,
+           'yes': true
+         },
+         'waterway': {
+           'canal': true,
+           'ditch': true,
+           'drain': true,
+           'fish_pass': true,
+           'river': true,
+           'stream': true,
+           'tidal_channel': true
+         }
+       }; // solid and smooth surfaces akin to the assumed default road surface in OSM
 
-       // TODO Enforce positive area for exterior, negative area for interior?
-
-       var X0$1 = 0,
-           Y0$1 = 0,
-           Z0$1 = 0,
-           X1$1 = 0,
-           Y1$1 = 0,
-           Z1$1 = 0,
-           X2$1 = 0,
-           Y2$1 = 0,
-           Z2$1 = 0,
-           x00$1,
-           y00$1,
-           x0$3,
-           y0$3;
+       var osmPavedTags = {
+         'surface': {
+           'paved': true,
+           'asphalt': true,
+           'concrete': true,
+           'concrete:lanes': true,
+           'concrete:plates': true
+         },
+         'tracktype': {
+           'grade1': true
+         }
+       }; // solid, if somewhat uncommon surfaces with a high range of smoothness
 
-       var centroidStream$1 = {
-         point: centroidPoint$1,
-         lineStart: centroidLineStart$1,
-         lineEnd: centroidLineEnd$1,
-         polygonStart: function() {
-           centroidStream$1.lineStart = centroidRingStart$1;
-           centroidStream$1.lineEnd = centroidRingEnd$1;
-         },
-         polygonEnd: function() {
-           centroidStream$1.point = centroidPoint$1;
-           centroidStream$1.lineStart = centroidLineStart$1;
-           centroidStream$1.lineEnd = centroidLineEnd$1;
-         },
-         result: function() {
-           var centroid = Z2$1 ? [X2$1 / Z2$1, Y2$1 / Z2$1]
-               : Z1$1 ? [X1$1 / Z1$1, Y1$1 / Z1$1]
-               : Z0$1 ? [X0$1 / Z0$1, Y0$1 / Z0$1]
-               : [NaN, NaN];
-           X0$1 = Y0$1 = Z0$1 =
-           X1$1 = Y1$1 = Z1$1 =
-           X2$1 = Y2$1 = Z2$1 = 0;
-           return centroid;
+       var osmSemipavedTags = {
+         'surface': {
+           'cobblestone': true,
+           'cobblestone:flattened': true,
+           'unhewn_cobblestone': true,
+           'sett': true,
+           'paving_stones': true,
+           'metal': true,
+           'wood': true
          }
        };
+       var osmRightSideIsInsideTags = {
+         'natural': {
+           'cliff': true,
+           'coastline': 'coastline'
+         },
+         'barrier': {
+           'retaining_wall': true,
+           'kerb': true,
+           'guard_rail': true,
+           'city_wall': true
+         },
+         'man_made': {
+           'embankment': true
+         },
+         'waterway': {
+           'weir': true
+         }
+       }; // "highway" tag values for pedestrian or vehicle right-of-ways that make up the routable network
+       // (does not include `raceway`)
 
-       function centroidPoint$1(x, y) {
-         X0$1 += x;
-         Y0$1 += y;
-         ++Z0$1;
-       }
+       var osmRoutableHighwayTagValues = {
+         motorway: true,
+         trunk: true,
+         primary: true,
+         secondary: true,
+         tertiary: true,
+         residential: true,
+         motorway_link: true,
+         trunk_link: true,
+         primary_link: true,
+         secondary_link: true,
+         tertiary_link: true,
+         unclassified: true,
+         road: true,
+         service: true,
+         track: true,
+         living_street: true,
+         bus_guideway: true,
+         path: true,
+         footway: true,
+         cycleway: true,
+         bridleway: true,
+         pedestrian: true,
+         corridor: true,
+         steps: true
+       }; // "highway" tag values that generally do not allow motor vehicles
 
-       function centroidLineStart$1() {
-         centroidStream$1.point = centroidPointFirstLine;
-       }
+       var osmPathHighwayTagValues = {
+         path: true,
+         footway: true,
+         cycleway: true,
+         bridleway: true,
+         pedestrian: true,
+         corridor: true,
+         steps: true
+       }; // "railway" tag values representing existing railroad tracks (purposely does not include 'abandoned')
 
-       function centroidPointFirstLine(x, y) {
-         centroidStream$1.point = centroidPointLine;
-         centroidPoint$1(x0$3 = x, y0$3 = y);
-       }
+       var osmRailwayTrackTagValues = {
+         rail: true,
+         light_rail: true,
+         tram: true,
+         subway: true,
+         monorail: true,
+         funicular: true,
+         miniature: true,
+         narrow_gauge: true,
+         disused: true,
+         preserved: true
+       }; // "waterway" tag values for line features representing water flow
 
-       function centroidPointLine(x, y) {
-         var dx = x - x0$3, dy = y - y0$3, z = sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
-         X1$1 += z * (x0$3 + x) / 2;
-         Y1$1 += z * (y0$3 + y) / 2;
-         Z1$1 += z;
-         centroidPoint$1(x0$3 = x, y0$3 = y);
-       }
+       var osmFlowingWaterwayTagValues = {
+         canal: true,
+         ditch: true,
+         drain: true,
+         fish_pass: true,
+         river: true,
+         stream: true,
+         tidal_channel: true
+       };
 
-       function centroidLineEnd$1() {
-         centroidStream$1.point = centroidPoint$1;
-       }
+       var trim$3 = stringTrim.trim;
 
-       function centroidRingStart$1() {
-         centroidStream$1.point = centroidPointFirstRing;
-       }
 
-       function centroidRingEnd$1() {
-         centroidPointRing(x00$1, y00$1);
-       }
+       var $parseInt = global$2.parseInt;
+       var hex$2 = /^[+-]?0[Xx]/;
+       var FORCED$6 = $parseInt(whitespaces + '08') !== 8 || $parseInt(whitespaces + '0x16') !== 22;
 
-       function centroidPointFirstRing(x, y) {
-         centroidStream$1.point = centroidPointRing;
-         centroidPoint$1(x00$1 = x0$3 = x, y00$1 = y0$3 = y);
-       }
+       // `parseInt` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-parseint-string-radix
+       var numberParseInt = FORCED$6 ? function parseInt(string, radix) {
+         var S = trim$3(String(string));
+         return $parseInt(S, (radix >>> 0) || (hex$2.test(S) ? 16 : 10));
+       } : $parseInt;
 
-       function centroidPointRing(x, y) {
-         var dx = x - x0$3,
-             dy = y - y0$3,
-             z = sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
+       // `parseInt` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-parseint-string-radix
+       _export({ global: true, forced: parseInt != numberParseInt }, {
+         parseInt: numberParseInt
+       });
 
-         X1$1 += z * (x0$3 + x) / 2;
-         Y1$1 += z * (y0$3 + y) / 2;
-         Z1$1 += z;
+       var freezing = !fails(function () {
+         // eslint-disable-next-line es/no-object-isextensible, es/no-object-preventextensions -- required for testing
+         return Object.isExtensible(Object.preventExtensions({}));
+       });
 
-         z = y0$3 * x - x0$3 * y;
-         X2$1 += z * (x0$3 + x);
-         Y2$1 += z * (y0$3 + y);
-         Z2$1 += z * 3;
-         centroidPoint$1(x0$3 = x, y0$3 = y);
-       }
+       var internalMetadata = createCommonjsModule(function (module) {
+       var defineProperty = objectDefineProperty.f;
 
-       function PathContext(context) {
-         this._context = context;
-       }
 
-       PathContext.prototype = {
-         _radius: 4.5,
-         pointRadius: function(_) {
-           return this._radius = _, this;
-         },
-         polygonStart: function() {
-           this._line = 0;
-         },
-         polygonEnd: function() {
-           this._line = NaN;
-         },
-         lineStart: function() {
-           this._point = 0;
-         },
-         lineEnd: function() {
-           if (this._line === 0) this._context.closePath();
-           this._point = NaN;
-         },
-         point: function(x, y) {
-           switch (this._point) {
-             case 0: {
-               this._context.moveTo(x, y);
-               this._point = 1;
-               break;
-             }
-             case 1: {
-               this._context.lineTo(x, y);
-               break;
-             }
-             default: {
-               this._context.moveTo(x + this._radius, y);
-               this._context.arc(x, y, this._radius, 0, tau);
-               break;
-             }
-           }
-         },
-         result: noop$2
+
+       var METADATA = uid('meta');
+       var id = 0;
+
+       // eslint-disable-next-line es/no-object-isextensible -- safe
+       var isExtensible = Object.isExtensible || function () {
+         return true;
        };
 
-       var lengthSum$1 = adder(),
-           lengthRing,
-           x00$2,
-           y00$2,
-           x0$4,
-           y0$4;
+       var setMetadata = function (it) {
+         defineProperty(it, METADATA, { value: {
+           objectID: 'O' + id++, // object ID
+           weakData: {}          // weak collections IDs
+         } });
+       };
 
-       var lengthStream$1 = {
-         point: noop$2,
-         lineStart: function() {
-           lengthStream$1.point = lengthPointFirst$1;
-         },
-         lineEnd: function() {
-           if (lengthRing) lengthPoint$1(x00$2, y00$2);
-           lengthStream$1.point = noop$2;
-         },
-         polygonStart: function() {
-           lengthRing = true;
-         },
-         polygonEnd: function() {
-           lengthRing = null;
-         },
-         result: function() {
-           var length = +lengthSum$1;
-           lengthSum$1.reset();
-           return length;
-         }
+       var fastKey = function (it, create) {
+         // return a primitive with prefix
+         if (!isObject$4(it)) return typeof it == 'symbol' ? it : (typeof it == 'string' ? 'S' : 'P') + it;
+         if (!has$1(it, METADATA)) {
+           // can't set metadata to uncaught frozen object
+           if (!isExtensible(it)) return 'F';
+           // not necessary to add metadata
+           if (!create) return 'E';
+           // add missing metadata
+           setMetadata(it);
+         // return object ID
+         } return it[METADATA].objectID;
        };
 
-       function lengthPointFirst$1(x, y) {
-         lengthStream$1.point = lengthPoint$1;
-         x00$2 = x0$4 = x, y00$2 = y0$4 = y;
-       }
+       var getWeakData = function (it, create) {
+         if (!has$1(it, METADATA)) {
+           // can't set metadata to uncaught frozen object
+           if (!isExtensible(it)) return true;
+           // not necessary to add metadata
+           if (!create) return false;
+           // add missing metadata
+           setMetadata(it);
+         // return the store of weak collections IDs
+         } return it[METADATA].weakData;
+       };
 
-       function lengthPoint$1(x, y) {
-         x0$4 -= x, y0$4 -= y;
-         lengthSum$1.add(sqrt(x0$4 * x0$4 + y0$4 * y0$4));
-         x0$4 = x, y0$4 = y;
-       }
+       // add metadata on freeze-family methods calling
+       var onFreeze = function (it) {
+         if (freezing && meta.REQUIRED && isExtensible(it) && !has$1(it, METADATA)) setMetadata(it);
+         return it;
+       };
 
-       function PathString() {
-         this._string = [];
-       }
+       var meta = module.exports = {
+         REQUIRED: false,
+         fastKey: fastKey,
+         getWeakData: getWeakData,
+         onFreeze: onFreeze
+       };
 
-       PathString.prototype = {
-         _radius: 4.5,
-         _circle: circle(4.5),
-         pointRadius: function(_) {
-           if ((_ = +_) !== this._radius) this._radius = _, this._circle = null;
-           return this;
-         },
-         polygonStart: function() {
-           this._line = 0;
-         },
-         polygonEnd: function() {
-           this._line = NaN;
-         },
-         lineStart: function() {
-           this._point = 0;
-         },
-         lineEnd: function() {
-           if (this._line === 0) this._string.push("Z");
-           this._point = NaN;
-         },
-         point: function(x, y) {
-           switch (this._point) {
-             case 0: {
-               this._string.push("M", x, ",", y);
-               this._point = 1;
-               break;
-             }
-             case 1: {
-               this._string.push("L", x, ",", y);
-               break;
-             }
-             default: {
-               if (this._circle == null) this._circle = circle(this._radius);
-               this._string.push("M", x, ",", y, this._circle);
-               break;
+       hiddenKeys$1[METADATA] = true;
+       });
+
+       var collection = function (CONSTRUCTOR_NAME, wrapper, common) {
+         var IS_MAP = CONSTRUCTOR_NAME.indexOf('Map') !== -1;
+         var IS_WEAK = CONSTRUCTOR_NAME.indexOf('Weak') !== -1;
+         var ADDER = IS_MAP ? 'set' : 'add';
+         var NativeConstructor = global$2[CONSTRUCTOR_NAME];
+         var NativePrototype = NativeConstructor && NativeConstructor.prototype;
+         var Constructor = NativeConstructor;
+         var exported = {};
+
+         var fixMethod = function (KEY) {
+           var nativeMethod = NativePrototype[KEY];
+           redefine(NativePrototype, KEY,
+             KEY == 'add' ? function add(value) {
+               nativeMethod.call(this, value === 0 ? 0 : value);
+               return this;
+             } : KEY == 'delete' ? function (key) {
+               return IS_WEAK && !isObject$4(key) ? false : nativeMethod.call(this, key === 0 ? 0 : key);
+             } : KEY == 'get' ? function get(key) {
+               return IS_WEAK && !isObject$4(key) ? undefined : nativeMethod.call(this, key === 0 ? 0 : key);
+             } : KEY == 'has' ? function has(key) {
+               return IS_WEAK && !isObject$4(key) ? false : nativeMethod.call(this, key === 0 ? 0 : key);
+             } : function set(key, value) {
+               nativeMethod.call(this, key === 0 ? 0 : key, value);
+               return this;
              }
-           }
-         },
-         result: function() {
-           if (this._string.length) {
-             var result = this._string.join("");
-             this._string = [];
-             return result;
-           } else {
-             return null;
-           }
-         }
-       };
+           );
+         };
 
-       function circle(radius) {
-         return "m0," + radius
-             + "a" + radius + "," + radius + " 0 1,1 0," + -2 * radius
-             + "a" + radius + "," + radius + " 0 1,1 0," + 2 * radius
-             + "z";
-       }
+         var REPLACE = isForced_1(
+           CONSTRUCTOR_NAME,
+           typeof NativeConstructor != 'function' || !(IS_WEAK || NativePrototype.forEach && !fails(function () {
+             new NativeConstructor().entries().next();
+           }))
+         );
 
-       function d3_geoPath(projection, context) {
-         var pointRadius = 4.5,
-             projectionStream,
-             contextStream;
+         if (REPLACE) {
+           // create collection constructor
+           Constructor = common.getConstructor(wrapper, CONSTRUCTOR_NAME, IS_MAP, ADDER);
+           internalMetadata.REQUIRED = true;
+         } else if (isForced_1(CONSTRUCTOR_NAME, true)) {
+           var instance = new Constructor();
+           // early implementations not supports chaining
+           var HASNT_CHAINING = instance[ADDER](IS_WEAK ? {} : -0, 1) != instance;
+           // V8 ~ Chromium 40- weak-collections throws on primitives, but should return false
+           var THROWS_ON_PRIMITIVES = fails(function () { instance.has(1); });
+           // most early implementations doesn't supports iterables, most modern - not close it correctly
+           // eslint-disable-next-line no-new -- required for testing
+           var ACCEPT_ITERABLES = checkCorrectnessOfIteration(function (iterable) { new NativeConstructor(iterable); });
+           // for early implementations -0 and +0 not the same
+           var BUGGY_ZERO = !IS_WEAK && fails(function () {
+             // V8 ~ Chromium 42- fails only with 5+ elements
+             var $instance = new NativeConstructor();
+             var index = 5;
+             while (index--) $instance[ADDER](index, index);
+             return !$instance.has(-0);
+           });
 
-         function path(object) {
-           if (object) {
-             if (typeof pointRadius === "function") contextStream.pointRadius(+pointRadius.apply(this, arguments));
-             d3_geoStream(object, projectionStream(contextStream));
+           if (!ACCEPT_ITERABLES) {
+             Constructor = wrapper(function (dummy, iterable) {
+               anInstance(dummy, Constructor, CONSTRUCTOR_NAME);
+               var that = inheritIfRequired(new NativeConstructor(), dummy, Constructor);
+               if (iterable != undefined) iterate(iterable, that[ADDER], { that: that, AS_ENTRIES: IS_MAP });
+               return that;
+             });
+             Constructor.prototype = NativePrototype;
+             NativePrototype.constructor = Constructor;
            }
-           return contextStream.result();
-         }
 
-         path.area = function(object) {
-           d3_geoStream(object, projectionStream(areaStream$1));
-           return areaStream$1.result();
-         };
+           if (THROWS_ON_PRIMITIVES || BUGGY_ZERO) {
+             fixMethod('delete');
+             fixMethod('has');
+             IS_MAP && fixMethod('get');
+           }
 
-         path.measure = function(object) {
-           d3_geoStream(object, projectionStream(lengthStream$1));
-           return lengthStream$1.result();
-         };
+           if (BUGGY_ZERO || HASNT_CHAINING) fixMethod(ADDER);
 
-         path.bounds = function(object) {
-           d3_geoStream(object, projectionStream(boundsStream$1));
-           return boundsStream$1.result();
-         };
+           // weak collections should not contains .clear method
+           if (IS_WEAK && NativePrototype.clear) delete NativePrototype.clear;
+         }
 
-         path.centroid = function(object) {
-           d3_geoStream(object, projectionStream(centroidStream$1));
-           return centroidStream$1.result();
-         };
+         exported[CONSTRUCTOR_NAME] = Constructor;
+         _export({ global: true, forced: Constructor != NativeConstructor }, exported);
 
-         path.projection = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (projectionStream = _ == null ? (projection = null, identity) : (projection = _).stream, path) : projection;
-         };
+         setToStringTag(Constructor, CONSTRUCTOR_NAME);
 
-         path.context = function(_) {
-           if (!arguments.length) return context;
-           contextStream = _ == null ? (context = null, new PathString) : new PathContext(context = _);
-           if (typeof pointRadius !== "function") contextStream.pointRadius(pointRadius);
-           return path;
-         };
+         if (!IS_WEAK) common.setStrong(Constructor, CONSTRUCTOR_NAME, IS_MAP);
 
-         path.pointRadius = function(_) {
-           if (!arguments.length) return pointRadius;
-           pointRadius = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : (contextStream.pointRadius(+_), +_);
-           return path;
-         };
+         return Constructor;
+       };
 
-         return path.projection(projection).context(context);
-       }
+       var defineProperty$2 = objectDefineProperty.f;
 
-       function d3_geoTransform(methods) {
-         return {
-           stream: transformer(methods)
-         };
-       }
 
-       function transformer(methods) {
-         return function(stream) {
-           var s = new TransformStream;
-           for (var key in methods) s[key] = methods[key];
-           s.stream = stream;
-           return s;
-         };
-       }
 
-       function TransformStream() {}
 
-       TransformStream.prototype = {
-         constructor: TransformStream,
-         point: function(x, y) { this.stream.point(x, y); },
-         sphere: function() { this.stream.sphere(); },
-         lineStart: function() { this.stream.lineStart(); },
-         lineEnd: function() { this.stream.lineEnd(); },
-         polygonStart: function() { this.stream.polygonStart(); },
-         polygonEnd: function() { this.stream.polygonEnd(); }
-       };
 
-       function fit(projection, fitBounds, object) {
-         var clip = projection.clipExtent && projection.clipExtent();
-         projection.scale(150).translate([0, 0]);
-         if (clip != null) projection.clipExtent(null);
-         d3_geoStream(object, projection.stream(boundsStream$1));
-         fitBounds(boundsStream$1.result());
-         if (clip != null) projection.clipExtent(clip);
-         return projection;
-       }
 
-       function fitExtent(projection, extent, object) {
-         return fit(projection, function(b) {
-           var w = extent[1][0] - extent[0][0],
-               h = extent[1][1] - extent[0][1],
-               k = Math.min(w / (b[1][0] - b[0][0]), h / (b[1][1] - b[0][1])),
-               x = +extent[0][0] + (w - k * (b[1][0] + b[0][0])) / 2,
-               y = +extent[0][1] + (h - k * (b[1][1] + b[0][1])) / 2;
-           projection.scale(150 * k).translate([x, y]);
-         }, object);
-       }
 
-       function fitSize(projection, size, object) {
-         return fitExtent(projection, [[0, 0], size], object);
-       }
 
-       function fitWidth(projection, width, object) {
-         return fit(projection, function(b) {
-           var w = +width,
-               k = w / (b[1][0] - b[0][0]),
-               x = (w - k * (b[1][0] + b[0][0])) / 2,
-               y = -k * b[0][1];
-           projection.scale(150 * k).translate([x, y]);
-         }, object);
-       }
+       var fastKey = internalMetadata.fastKey;
 
-       function fitHeight(projection, height, object) {
-         return fit(projection, function(b) {
-           var h = +height,
-               k = h / (b[1][1] - b[0][1]),
-               x = -k * b[0][0],
-               y = (h - k * (b[1][1] + b[0][1])) / 2;
-           projection.scale(150 * k).translate([x, y]);
-         }, object);
-       }
 
-       var maxDepth = 16, // maximum depth of subdivision
-           cosMinDistance = cos(30 * radians); // cos(minimum angular distance)
+       var setInternalState = internalState.set;
+       var internalStateGetterFor = internalState.getterFor;
 
-       function resample(project, delta2) {
-         return +delta2 ? resample$1(project, delta2) : resampleNone(project);
-       }
+       var collectionStrong = {
+         getConstructor: function (wrapper, CONSTRUCTOR_NAME, IS_MAP, ADDER) {
+           var C = wrapper(function (that, iterable) {
+             anInstance(that, C, CONSTRUCTOR_NAME);
+             setInternalState(that, {
+               type: CONSTRUCTOR_NAME,
+               index: objectCreate(null),
+               first: undefined,
+               last: undefined,
+               size: 0
+             });
+             if (!descriptors) that.size = 0;
+             if (iterable != undefined) iterate(iterable, that[ADDER], { that: that, AS_ENTRIES: IS_MAP });
+           });
 
-       function resampleNone(project) {
-         return transformer({
-           point: function(x, y) {
-             x = project(x, y);
-             this.stream.point(x[0], x[1]);
-           }
-         });
-       }
+           var getInternalState = internalStateGetterFor(CONSTRUCTOR_NAME);
 
-       function resample$1(project, delta2) {
+           var define = function (that, key, value) {
+             var state = getInternalState(that);
+             var entry = getEntry(that, key);
+             var previous, index;
+             // change existing entry
+             if (entry) {
+               entry.value = value;
+             // create new entry
+             } else {
+               state.last = entry = {
+                 index: index = fastKey(key, true),
+                 key: key,
+                 value: value,
+                 previous: previous = state.last,
+                 next: undefined,
+                 removed: false
+               };
+               if (!state.first) state.first = entry;
+               if (previous) previous.next = entry;
+               if (descriptors) state.size++;
+               else that.size++;
+               // add to index
+               if (index !== 'F') state.index[index] = entry;
+             } return that;
+           };
+
+           var getEntry = function (that, key) {
+             var state = getInternalState(that);
+             // fast case
+             var index = fastKey(key);
+             var entry;
+             if (index !== 'F') return state.index[index];
+             // frozen object case
+             for (entry = state.first; entry; entry = entry.next) {
+               if (entry.key == key) return entry;
+             }
+           };
+
+           redefineAll(C.prototype, {
+             // `{ Map, Set }.prototype.clear()` methods
+             // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-map.prototype.clear
+             // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-set.prototype.clear
+             clear: function clear() {
+               var that = this;
+               var state = getInternalState(that);
+               var data = state.index;
+               var entry = state.first;
+               while (entry) {
+                 entry.removed = true;
+                 if (entry.previous) entry.previous = entry.previous.next = undefined;
+                 delete data[entry.index];
+                 entry = entry.next;
+               }
+               state.first = state.last = undefined;
+               if (descriptors) state.size = 0;
+               else that.size = 0;
+             },
+             // `{ Map, Set }.prototype.delete(key)` methods
+             // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-map.prototype.delete
+             // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-set.prototype.delete
+             'delete': function (key) {
+               var that = this;
+               var state = getInternalState(that);
+               var entry = getEntry(that, key);
+               if (entry) {
+                 var next = entry.next;
+                 var prev = entry.previous;
+                 delete state.index[entry.index];
+                 entry.removed = true;
+                 if (prev) prev.next = next;
+                 if (next) next.previous = prev;
+                 if (state.first == entry) state.first = next;
+                 if (state.last == entry) state.last = prev;
+                 if (descriptors) state.size--;
+                 else that.size--;
+               } return !!entry;
+             },
+             // `{ Map, Set }.prototype.forEach(callbackfn, thisArg = undefined)` methods
+             // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-map.prototype.foreach
+             // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-set.prototype.foreach
+             forEach: function forEach(callbackfn /* , that = undefined */) {
+               var state = getInternalState(this);
+               var boundFunction = functionBindContext(callbackfn, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined, 3);
+               var entry;
+               while (entry = entry ? entry.next : state.first) {
+                 boundFunction(entry.value, entry.key, this);
+                 // revert to the last existing entry
+                 while (entry && entry.removed) entry = entry.previous;
+               }
+             },
+             // `{ Map, Set}.prototype.has(key)` methods
+             // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-map.prototype.has
+             // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-set.prototype.has
+             has: function has(key) {
+               return !!getEntry(this, key);
+             }
+           });
 
-         function resampleLineTo(x0, y0, lambda0, a0, b0, c0, x1, y1, lambda1, a1, b1, c1, depth, stream) {
-           var dx = x1 - x0,
-               dy = y1 - y0,
-               d2 = dx * dx + dy * dy;
-           if (d2 > 4 * delta2 && depth--) {
-             var a = a0 + a1,
-                 b = b0 + b1,
-                 c = c0 + c1,
-                 m = sqrt(a * a + b * b + c * c),
-                 phi2 = asin(c /= m),
-                 lambda2 = abs$2(abs$2(c) - 1) < epsilon || abs$2(lambda0 - lambda1) < epsilon ? (lambda0 + lambda1) / 2 : atan2(b, a),
-                 p = project(lambda2, phi2),
-                 x2 = p[0],
-                 y2 = p[1],
-                 dx2 = x2 - x0,
-                 dy2 = y2 - y0,
-                 dz = dy * dx2 - dx * dy2;
-             if (dz * dz / d2 > delta2 // perpendicular projected distance
-                 || abs$2((dx * dx2 + dy * dy2) / d2 - 0.5) > 0.3 // midpoint close to an end
-                 || a0 * a1 + b0 * b1 + c0 * c1 < cosMinDistance) { // angular distance
-               resampleLineTo(x0, y0, lambda0, a0, b0, c0, x2, y2, lambda2, a /= m, b /= m, c, depth, stream);
-               stream.point(x2, y2);
-               resampleLineTo(x2, y2, lambda2, a, b, c, x1, y1, lambda1, a1, b1, c1, depth, stream);
+           redefineAll(C.prototype, IS_MAP ? {
+             // `Map.prototype.get(key)` method
+             // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-map.prototype.get
+             get: function get(key) {
+               var entry = getEntry(this, key);
+               return entry && entry.value;
+             },
+             // `Map.prototype.set(key, value)` method
+             // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-map.prototype.set
+             set: function set(key, value) {
+               return define(this, key === 0 ? 0 : key, value);
              }
-           }
-         }
-         return function(stream) {
-           var lambda00, x00, y00, a00, b00, c00, // first point
-               lambda0, x0, y0, a0, b0, c0; // previous point
+           } : {
+             // `Set.prototype.add(value)` method
+             // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-set.prototype.add
+             add: function add(value) {
+               return define(this, value = value === 0 ? 0 : value, value);
+             }
+           });
+           if (descriptors) defineProperty$2(C.prototype, 'size', {
+             get: function () {
+               return getInternalState(this).size;
+             }
+           });
+           return C;
+         },
+         setStrong: function (C, CONSTRUCTOR_NAME, IS_MAP) {
+           var ITERATOR_NAME = CONSTRUCTOR_NAME + ' Iterator';
+           var getInternalCollectionState = internalStateGetterFor(CONSTRUCTOR_NAME);
+           var getInternalIteratorState = internalStateGetterFor(ITERATOR_NAME);
+           // `{ Map, Set }.prototype.{ keys, values, entries, @@iterator }()` methods
+           // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-map.prototype.entries
+           // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-map.prototype.keys
+           // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-map.prototype.values
+           // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-map.prototype-@@iterator
+           // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-set.prototype.entries
+           // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-set.prototype.keys
+           // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-set.prototype.values
+           // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-set.prototype-@@iterator
+           defineIterator(C, CONSTRUCTOR_NAME, function (iterated, kind) {
+             setInternalState(this, {
+               type: ITERATOR_NAME,
+               target: iterated,
+               state: getInternalCollectionState(iterated),
+               kind: kind,
+               last: undefined
+             });
+           }, function () {
+             var state = getInternalIteratorState(this);
+             var kind = state.kind;
+             var entry = state.last;
+             // revert to the last existing entry
+             while (entry && entry.removed) entry = entry.previous;
+             // get next entry
+             if (!state.target || !(state.last = entry = entry ? entry.next : state.state.first)) {
+               // or finish the iteration
+               state.target = undefined;
+               return { value: undefined, done: true };
+             }
+             // return step by kind
+             if (kind == 'keys') return { value: entry.key, done: false };
+             if (kind == 'values') return { value: entry.value, done: false };
+             return { value: [entry.key, entry.value], done: false };
+           }, IS_MAP ? 'entries' : 'values', !IS_MAP, true);
+
+           // `{ Map, Set }.prototype[@@species]` accessors
+           // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-get-map-@@species
+           // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-get-set-@@species
+           setSpecies(CONSTRUCTOR_NAME);
+         }
+       };
+
+       // `Set` constructor
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-set-objects
+       collection('Set', function (init) {
+         return function Set() { return init(this, arguments.length ? arguments[0] : undefined); };
+       }, collectionStrong);
+
+       function d3_ascending (a, b) {
+         return a < b ? -1 : a > b ? 1 : a >= b ? 0 : NaN;
+       }
 
-           var resampleStream = {
-             point: point,
-             lineStart: lineStart,
-             lineEnd: lineEnd,
-             polygonStart: function() { stream.polygonStart(); resampleStream.lineStart = ringStart; },
-             polygonEnd: function() { stream.polygonEnd(); resampleStream.lineStart = lineStart; }
-           };
+       function d3_bisector (f) {
+         var delta = f;
+         var compare = f;
 
-           function point(x, y) {
-             x = project(x, y);
-             stream.point(x[0], x[1]);
-           }
+         if (f.length === 1) {
+           delta = function delta(d, x) {
+             return f(d) - x;
+           };
 
-           function lineStart() {
-             x0 = NaN;
-             resampleStream.point = linePoint;
-             stream.lineStart();
-           }
+           compare = ascendingComparator(f);
+         }
 
-           function linePoint(lambda, phi) {
-             var c = cartesian([lambda, phi]), p = project(lambda, phi);
-             resampleLineTo(x0, y0, lambda0, a0, b0, c0, x0 = p[0], y0 = p[1], lambda0 = lambda, a0 = c[0], b0 = c[1], c0 = c[2], maxDepth, stream);
-             stream.point(x0, y0);
-           }
+         function left(a, x, lo, hi) {
+           if (lo == null) lo = 0;
+           if (hi == null) hi = a.length;
 
-           function lineEnd() {
-             resampleStream.point = point;
-             stream.lineEnd();
+           while (lo < hi) {
+             var mid = lo + hi >>> 1;
+             if (compare(a[mid], x) < 0) lo = mid + 1;else hi = mid;
            }
 
-           function ringStart() {
-             lineStart();
-             resampleStream.point = ringPoint;
-             resampleStream.lineEnd = ringEnd;
-           }
+           return lo;
+         }
 
-           function ringPoint(lambda, phi) {
-             linePoint(lambda00 = lambda, phi), x00 = x0, y00 = y0, a00 = a0, b00 = b0, c00 = c0;
-             resampleStream.point = linePoint;
-           }
+         function right(a, x, lo, hi) {
+           if (lo == null) lo = 0;
+           if (hi == null) hi = a.length;
 
-           function ringEnd() {
-             resampleLineTo(x0, y0, lambda0, a0, b0, c0, x00, y00, lambda00, a00, b00, c00, maxDepth, stream);
-             resampleStream.lineEnd = lineEnd;
-             lineEnd();
+           while (lo < hi) {
+             var mid = lo + hi >>> 1;
+             if (compare(a[mid], x) > 0) hi = mid;else lo = mid + 1;
            }
 
-           return resampleStream;
-         };
-       }
-
-       var transformRadians = transformer({
-         point: function(x, y) {
-           this.stream.point(x * radians, y * radians);
+           return lo;
          }
-       });
-
-       function transformRotate(rotate) {
-         return transformer({
-           point: function(x, y) {
-             var r = rotate(x, y);
-             return this.stream.point(r[0], r[1]);
-           }
-         });
-       }
 
-       function scaleTranslate(k, dx, dy, sx, sy) {
-         function transform(x, y) {
-           x *= sx; y *= sy;
-           return [dx + k * x, dy - k * y];
+         function center(a, x, lo, hi) {
+           if (lo == null) lo = 0;
+           if (hi == null) hi = a.length;
+           var i = left(a, x, lo, hi - 1);
+           return i > lo && delta(a[i - 1], x) > -delta(a[i], x) ? i - 1 : i;
          }
-         transform.invert = function(x, y) {
-           return [(x - dx) / k * sx, (dy - y) / k * sy];
+
+         return {
+           left: left,
+           center: center,
+           right: right
          };
-         return transform;
        }
 
-       function scaleTranslateRotate(k, dx, dy, sx, sy, alpha) {
-         var cosAlpha = cos(alpha),
-             sinAlpha = sin(alpha),
-             a = cosAlpha * k,
-             b = sinAlpha * k,
-             ai = cosAlpha / k,
-             bi = sinAlpha / k,
-             ci = (sinAlpha * dy - cosAlpha * dx) / k,
-             fi = (sinAlpha * dx + cosAlpha * dy) / k;
-         function transform(x, y) {
-           x *= sx; y *= sy;
-           return [a * x - b * y + dx, dy - b * x - a * y];
-         }
-         transform.invert = function(x, y) {
-           return [sx * (ai * x - bi * y + ci), sy * (fi - bi * x - ai * y)];
+       function ascendingComparator(f) {
+         return function (d, x) {
+           return d3_ascending(f(d), x);
          };
-         return transform;
        }
 
-       function projection(project) {
-         return projectionMutator(function() { return project; })();
-       }
+       // `Symbol.asyncIterator` well-known symbol
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-symbol.asynciterator
+       defineWellKnownSymbol('asyncIterator');
 
-       function projectionMutator(projectAt) {
-         var project,
-             k = 150, // scale
-             x = 480, y = 250, // translate
-             lambda = 0, phi = 0, // center
-             deltaLambda = 0, deltaPhi = 0, deltaGamma = 0, rotate, // pre-rotate
-             alpha = 0, // post-rotate angle
-             sx = 1, // reflectX
-             sy = 1, // reflectX
-             theta = null, preclip = clipAntimeridian, // pre-clip angle
-             x0 = null, y0, x1, y1, postclip = identity, // post-clip extent
-             delta2 = 0.5, // precision
-             projectResample,
-             projectTransform,
-             projectRotateTransform,
-             cache,
-             cacheStream;
+       createCommonjsModule(function (module) {
+         var runtime = function (exports) {
 
-         function projection(point) {
-           return projectRotateTransform(point[0] * radians, point[1] * radians);
-         }
+           var Op = Object.prototype;
+           var hasOwn = Op.hasOwnProperty;
+           var undefined$1; // More compressible than void 0.
 
-         function invert(point) {
-           point = projectRotateTransform.invert(point[0], point[1]);
-           return point && [point[0] * degrees, point[1] * degrees];
-         }
+           var $Symbol = typeof Symbol === "function" ? Symbol : {};
+           var iteratorSymbol = $Symbol.iterator || "@@iterator";
+           var asyncIteratorSymbol = $Symbol.asyncIterator || "@@asyncIterator";
+           var toStringTagSymbol = $Symbol.toStringTag || "@@toStringTag";
 
-         projection.stream = function(stream) {
-           return cache && cacheStream === stream ? cache : cache = transformRadians(transformRotate(rotate)(preclip(projectResample(postclip(cacheStream = stream)))));
-         };
+           function define(obj, key, value) {
+             Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {
+               value: value,
+               enumerable: true,
+               configurable: true,
+               writable: true
+             });
+             return obj[key];
+           }
 
-         projection.preclip = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (preclip = _, theta = undefined, reset()) : preclip;
-         };
+           try {
+             // IE 8 has a broken Object.defineProperty that only works on DOM objects.
+             define({}, "");
+           } catch (err) {
+             define = function define(obj, key, value) {
+               return obj[key] = value;
+             };
+           }
 
-         projection.postclip = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (postclip = _, x0 = y0 = x1 = y1 = null, reset()) : postclip;
-         };
+           function wrap(innerFn, outerFn, self, tryLocsList) {
+             // If outerFn provided and outerFn.prototype is a Generator, then outerFn.prototype instanceof Generator.
+             var protoGenerator = outerFn && outerFn.prototype instanceof Generator ? outerFn : Generator;
+             var generator = Object.create(protoGenerator.prototype);
+             var context = new Context(tryLocsList || []); // The ._invoke method unifies the implementations of the .next,
+             // .throw, and .return methods.
 
-         projection.clipAngle = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (preclip = +_ ? clipCircle(theta = _ * radians) : (theta = null, clipAntimeridian), reset()) : theta * degrees;
-         };
+             generator._invoke = makeInvokeMethod(innerFn, self, context);
+             return generator;
+           }
 
-         projection.clipExtent = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (postclip = _ == null ? (x0 = y0 = x1 = y1 = null, identity) : clipRectangle(x0 = +_[0][0], y0 = +_[0][1], x1 = +_[1][0], y1 = +_[1][1]), reset()) : x0 == null ? null : [[x0, y0], [x1, y1]];
-         };
+           exports.wrap = wrap; // Try/catch helper to minimize deoptimizations. Returns a completion
+           // record like context.tryEntries[i].completion. This interface could
+           // have been (and was previously) designed to take a closure to be
+           // invoked without arguments, but in all the cases we care about we
+           // already have an existing method we want to call, so there's no need
+           // to create a new function object. We can even get away with assuming
+           // the method takes exactly one argument, since that happens to be true
+           // in every case, so we don't have to touch the arguments object. The
+           // only additional allocation required is the completion record, which
+           // has a stable shape and so hopefully should be cheap to allocate.
 
-         projection.scale = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (k = +_, recenter()) : k;
-         };
-
-         projection.translate = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (x = +_[0], y = +_[1], recenter()) : [x, y];
-         };
-
-         projection.center = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (lambda = _[0] % 360 * radians, phi = _[1] % 360 * radians, recenter()) : [lambda * degrees, phi * degrees];
-         };
-
-         projection.rotate = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (deltaLambda = _[0] % 360 * radians, deltaPhi = _[1] % 360 * radians, deltaGamma = _.length > 2 ? _[2] % 360 * radians : 0, recenter()) : [deltaLambda * degrees, deltaPhi * degrees, deltaGamma * degrees];
-         };
+           function tryCatch(fn, obj, arg) {
+             try {
+               return {
+                 type: "normal",
+                 arg: fn.call(obj, arg)
+               };
+             } catch (err) {
+               return {
+                 type: "throw",
+                 arg: err
+               };
+             }
+           }
 
-         projection.angle = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (alpha = _ % 360 * radians, recenter()) : alpha * degrees;
-         };
+           var GenStateSuspendedStart = "suspendedStart";
+           var GenStateSuspendedYield = "suspendedYield";
+           var GenStateExecuting = "executing";
+           var GenStateCompleted = "completed"; // Returning this object from the innerFn has the same effect as
+           // breaking out of the dispatch switch statement.
 
-         projection.reflectX = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (sx = _ ? -1 : 1, recenter()) : sx < 0;
-         };
+           var ContinueSentinel = {}; // Dummy constructor functions that we use as the .constructor and
+           // .constructor.prototype properties for functions that return Generator
+           // objects. For full spec compliance, you may wish to configure your
+           // minifier not to mangle the names of these two functions.
 
-         projection.reflectY = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (sy = _ ? -1 : 1, recenter()) : sy < 0;
-         };
+           function Generator() {}
 
-         projection.precision = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (projectResample = resample(projectTransform, delta2 = _ * _), reset()) : sqrt(delta2);
-         };
+           function GeneratorFunction() {}
 
-         projection.fitExtent = function(extent, object) {
-           return fitExtent(projection, extent, object);
-         };
+           function GeneratorFunctionPrototype() {} // This is a polyfill for %IteratorPrototype% for environments that
+           // don't natively support it.
 
-         projection.fitSize = function(size, object) {
-           return fitSize(projection, size, object);
-         };
 
-         projection.fitWidth = function(width, object) {
-           return fitWidth(projection, width, object);
-         };
+           var IteratorPrototype = {};
 
-         projection.fitHeight = function(height, object) {
-           return fitHeight(projection, height, object);
-         };
+           IteratorPrototype[iteratorSymbol] = function () {
+             return this;
+           };
 
-         function recenter() {
-           var center = scaleTranslateRotate(k, 0, 0, sx, sy, alpha).apply(null, project(lambda, phi)),
-               transform = (alpha ? scaleTranslateRotate : scaleTranslate)(k, x - center[0], y - center[1], sx, sy, alpha);
-           rotate = rotateRadians(deltaLambda, deltaPhi, deltaGamma);
-           projectTransform = compose(project, transform);
-           projectRotateTransform = compose(rotate, projectTransform);
-           projectResample = resample(projectTransform, delta2);
-           return reset();
-         }
+           var getProto = Object.getPrototypeOf;
+           var NativeIteratorPrototype = getProto && getProto(getProto(values([])));
 
-         function reset() {
-           cache = cacheStream = null;
-           return projection;
-         }
+           if (NativeIteratorPrototype && NativeIteratorPrototype !== Op && hasOwn.call(NativeIteratorPrototype, iteratorSymbol)) {
+             // This environment has a native %IteratorPrototype%; use it instead
+             // of the polyfill.
+             IteratorPrototype = NativeIteratorPrototype;
+           }
 
-         return function() {
-           project = projectAt.apply(this, arguments);
-           projection.invert = project.invert && invert;
-           return recenter();
-         };
-       }
+           var Gp = GeneratorFunctionPrototype.prototype = Generator.prototype = Object.create(IteratorPrototype);
+           GeneratorFunction.prototype = Gp.constructor = GeneratorFunctionPrototype;
+           GeneratorFunctionPrototype.constructor = GeneratorFunction;
+           GeneratorFunction.displayName = define(GeneratorFunctionPrototype, toStringTagSymbol, "GeneratorFunction"); // Helper for defining the .next, .throw, and .return methods of the
+           // Iterator interface in terms of a single ._invoke method.
 
-       function mercatorRaw(lambda, phi) {
-         return [lambda, log(tan((halfPi + phi) / 2))];
-       }
+           function defineIteratorMethods(prototype) {
+             ["next", "throw", "return"].forEach(function (method) {
+               define(prototype, method, function (arg) {
+                 return this._invoke(method, arg);
+               });
+             });
+           }
 
-       mercatorRaw.invert = function(x, y) {
-         return [x, 2 * atan(exp(y)) - halfPi];
-       };
+           exports.isGeneratorFunction = function (genFun) {
+             var ctor = typeof genFun === "function" && genFun.constructor;
+             return ctor ? ctor === GeneratorFunction || // For the native GeneratorFunction constructor, the best we can
+             // do is to check its .name property.
+             (ctor.displayName || ctor.name) === "GeneratorFunction" : false;
+           };
 
-       function mercator() {
-         return mercatorProjection(mercatorRaw)
-             .scale(961 / tau);
-       }
+           exports.mark = function (genFun) {
+             if (Object.setPrototypeOf) {
+               Object.setPrototypeOf(genFun, GeneratorFunctionPrototype);
+             } else {
+               genFun.__proto__ = GeneratorFunctionPrototype;
+               define(genFun, toStringTagSymbol, "GeneratorFunction");
+             }
 
-       function mercatorProjection(project) {
-         var m = projection(project),
-             center = m.center,
-             scale = m.scale,
-             translate = m.translate,
-             clipExtent = m.clipExtent,
-             x0 = null, y0, x1, y1; // clip extent
+             genFun.prototype = Object.create(Gp);
+             return genFun;
+           }; // Within the body of any async function, `await x` is transformed to
+           // `yield regeneratorRuntime.awrap(x)`, so that the runtime can test
+           // `hasOwn.call(value, "__await")` to determine if the yielded value is
+           // meant to be awaited.
 
-         m.scale = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (scale(_), reclip()) : scale();
-         };
 
-         m.translate = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (translate(_), reclip()) : translate();
-         };
+           exports.awrap = function (arg) {
+             return {
+               __await: arg
+             };
+           };
 
-         m.center = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (center(_), reclip()) : center();
-         };
+           function AsyncIterator(generator, PromiseImpl) {
+             function invoke(method, arg, resolve, reject) {
+               var record = tryCatch(generator[method], generator, arg);
 
-         m.clipExtent = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? ((_ == null ? x0 = y0 = x1 = y1 = null : (x0 = +_[0][0], y0 = +_[0][1], x1 = +_[1][0], y1 = +_[1][1])), reclip()) : x0 == null ? null : [[x0, y0], [x1, y1]];
-         };
+               if (record.type === "throw") {
+                 reject(record.arg);
+               } else {
+                 var result = record.arg;
+                 var value = result.value;
+
+                 if (value && _typeof(value) === "object" && hasOwn.call(value, "__await")) {
+                   return PromiseImpl.resolve(value.__await).then(function (value) {
+                     invoke("next", value, resolve, reject);
+                   }, function (err) {
+                     invoke("throw", err, resolve, reject);
+                   });
+                 }
 
-         function reclip() {
-           var k = pi * scale(),
-               t = m(rotation(m.rotate()).invert([0, 0]));
-           return clipExtent(x0 == null
-               ? [[t[0] - k, t[1] - k], [t[0] + k, t[1] + k]] : project === mercatorRaw
-               ? [[Math.max(t[0] - k, x0), y0], [Math.min(t[0] + k, x1), y1]]
-               : [[x0, Math.max(t[1] - k, y0)], [x1, Math.min(t[1] + k, y1)]]);
-         }
+                 return PromiseImpl.resolve(value).then(function (unwrapped) {
+                   // When a yielded Promise is resolved, its final value becomes
+                   // the .value of the Promise<{value,done}> result for the
+                   // current iteration.
+                   result.value = unwrapped;
+                   resolve(result);
+                 }, function (error) {
+                   // If a rejected Promise was yielded, throw the rejection back
+                   // into the async generator function so it can be handled there.
+                   return invoke("throw", error, resolve, reject);
+                 });
+               }
+             }
 
-         return reclip();
-       }
+             var previousPromise;
 
-       function d3_geoIdentity() {
-         var k = 1, tx = 0, ty = 0, sx = 1, sy = 1, // scale, translate and reflect
-             alpha = 0, ca, sa, // angle
-             x0 = null, y0, x1, y1, // clip extent
-             kx = 1, ky = 1,
-             transform = transformer({
-               point: function(x, y) {
-                 var p = projection([x, y]);
-                 this.stream.point(p[0], p[1]);
+             function enqueue(method, arg) {
+               function callInvokeWithMethodAndArg() {
+                 return new PromiseImpl(function (resolve, reject) {
+                   invoke(method, arg, resolve, reject);
+                 });
                }
-             }),
-             postclip = identity,
-             cache,
-             cacheStream;
 
-         function reset() {
-           kx = k * sx;
-           ky = k * sy;
-           cache = cacheStream = null;
-           return projection;
-         }
+               return previousPromise = // If enqueue has been called before, then we want to wait until
+               // all previous Promises have been resolved before calling invoke,
+               // so that results are always delivered in the correct order. If
+               // enqueue has not been called before, then it is important to
+               // call invoke immediately, without waiting on a callback to fire,
+               // so that the async generator function has the opportunity to do
+               // any necessary setup in a predictable way. This predictability
+               // is why the Promise constructor synchronously invokes its
+               // executor callback, and why async functions synchronously
+               // execute code before the first await. Since we implement simple
+               // async functions in terms of async generators, it is especially
+               // important to get this right, even though it requires care.
+               previousPromise ? previousPromise.then(callInvokeWithMethodAndArg, // Avoid propagating failures to Promises returned by later
+               // invocations of the iterator.
+               callInvokeWithMethodAndArg) : callInvokeWithMethodAndArg();
+             } // Define the unified helper method that is used to implement .next,
+             // .throw, and .return (see defineIteratorMethods).
 
-         function projection (p) {
-           var x = p[0] * kx, y = p[1] * ky;
-           if (alpha) {
-             var t = y * ca - x * sa;
-             x = x * ca + y * sa;
-             y = t;
-           }    
-           return [x + tx, y + ty];
-         }
-         projection.invert = function(p) {
-           var x = p[0] - tx, y = p[1] - ty;
-           if (alpha) {
-             var t = y * ca + x * sa;
-             x = x * ca - y * sa;
-             y = t;
+
+             this._invoke = enqueue;
            }
-           return [x / kx, y / ky];
-         };
-         projection.stream = function(stream) {
-           return cache && cacheStream === stream ? cache : cache = transform(postclip(cacheStream = stream));
-         };
-         projection.postclip = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (postclip = _, x0 = y0 = x1 = y1 = null, reset()) : postclip;
-         };
-         projection.clipExtent = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (postclip = _ == null ? (x0 = y0 = x1 = y1 = null, identity) : clipRectangle(x0 = +_[0][0], y0 = +_[0][1], x1 = +_[1][0], y1 = +_[1][1]), reset()) : x0 == null ? null : [[x0, y0], [x1, y1]];
-         };
-         projection.scale = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (k = +_, reset()) : k;
-         };
-         projection.translate = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (tx = +_[0], ty = +_[1], reset()) : [tx, ty];
-         };
-         projection.angle = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (alpha = _ % 360 * radians, sa = sin(alpha), ca = cos(alpha), reset()) : alpha * degrees;
-         };
-         projection.reflectX = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (sx = _ ? -1 : 1, reset()) : sx < 0;
-         };
-         projection.reflectY = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (sy = _ ? -1 : 1, reset()) : sy < 0;
-         };
-         projection.fitExtent = function(extent, object) {
-           return fitExtent(projection, extent, object);
-         };
-         projection.fitSize = function(size, object) {
-           return fitSize(projection, size, object);
-         };
-         projection.fitWidth = function(width, object) {
-           return fitWidth(projection, width, object);
-         };
-         projection.fitHeight = function(height, object) {
-           return fitHeight(projection, height, object);
-         };
 
-         return projection;
-       }
+           defineIteratorMethods(AsyncIterator.prototype);
 
-       // constants
-       var TAU = 2 * Math.PI;
-       var EQUATORIAL_RADIUS = 6356752.314245179;
-       var POLAR_RADIUS = 6378137.0;
+           AsyncIterator.prototype[asyncIteratorSymbol] = function () {
+             return this;
+           };
 
+           exports.AsyncIterator = AsyncIterator; // Note that simple async functions are implemented on top of
+           // AsyncIterator objects; they just return a Promise for the value of
+           // the final result produced by the iterator.
 
-       function geoLatToMeters(dLat) {
-           return dLat * (TAU * POLAR_RADIUS / 360);
-       }
+           exports.async = function (innerFn, outerFn, self, tryLocsList, PromiseImpl) {
+             if (PromiseImpl === void 0) PromiseImpl = Promise;
+             var iter = new AsyncIterator(wrap(innerFn, outerFn, self, tryLocsList), PromiseImpl);
+             return exports.isGeneratorFunction(outerFn) ? iter // If outerFn is a generator, return the full iterator.
+             : iter.next().then(function (result) {
+               return result.done ? result.value : iter.next();
+             });
+           };
 
+           function makeInvokeMethod(innerFn, self, context) {
+             var state = GenStateSuspendedStart;
+             return function invoke(method, arg) {
+               if (state === GenStateExecuting) {
+                 throw new Error("Generator is already running");
+               }
 
-       function geoLonToMeters(dLon, atLat) {
-           return Math.abs(atLat) >= 90 ? 0 :
-               dLon * (TAU * EQUATORIAL_RADIUS / 360) * Math.abs(Math.cos(atLat * (Math.PI / 180)));
-       }
+               if (state === GenStateCompleted) {
+                 if (method === "throw") {
+                   throw arg;
+                 } // Be forgiving, per 25.3.3.3.3 of the spec:
+                 // https://people.mozilla.org/~jorendorff/es6-draft.html#sec-generatorresume
 
 
-       function geoMetersToLat(m) {
-           return m / (TAU * POLAR_RADIUS / 360);
-       }
+                 return doneResult();
+               }
 
+               context.method = method;
+               context.arg = arg;
 
-       function geoMetersToLon(m, atLat) {
-           return Math.abs(atLat) >= 90 ? 0 :
-               m / (TAU * EQUATORIAL_RADIUS / 360) / Math.abs(Math.cos(atLat * (Math.PI / 180)));
-       }
+               while (true) {
+                 var delegate = context.delegate;
 
+                 if (delegate) {
+                   var delegateResult = maybeInvokeDelegate(delegate, context);
 
-       function geoMetersToOffset(meters, tileSize) {
-           tileSize = tileSize || 256;
-           return [
-               meters[0] * tileSize / (TAU * EQUATORIAL_RADIUS),
-               -meters[1] * tileSize / (TAU * POLAR_RADIUS)
-           ];
-       }
+                   if (delegateResult) {
+                     if (delegateResult === ContinueSentinel) continue;
+                     return delegateResult;
+                   }
+                 }
 
+                 if (context.method === "next") {
+                   // Setting context._sent for legacy support of Babel's
+                   // function.sent implementation.
+                   context.sent = context._sent = context.arg;
+                 } else if (context.method === "throw") {
+                   if (state === GenStateSuspendedStart) {
+                     state = GenStateCompleted;
+                     throw context.arg;
+                   }
 
-       function geoOffsetToMeters(offset, tileSize) {
-           tileSize = tileSize || 256;
-           return [
-               offset[0] * TAU * EQUATORIAL_RADIUS / tileSize,
-               -offset[1] * TAU * POLAR_RADIUS / tileSize
-           ];
-       }
+                   context.dispatchException(context.arg);
+                 } else if (context.method === "return") {
+                   context.abrupt("return", context.arg);
+                 }
 
+                 state = GenStateExecuting;
+                 var record = tryCatch(innerFn, self, context);
 
-       // Equirectangular approximation of spherical distances on Earth
-       function geoSphericalDistance(a, b) {
-           var x = geoLonToMeters(a[0] - b[0], (a[1] + b[1]) / 2);
-           var y = geoLatToMeters(a[1] - b[1]);
-           return Math.sqrt((x * x) + (y * y));
-       }
+                 if (record.type === "normal") {
+                   // If an exception is thrown from innerFn, we leave state ===
+                   // GenStateExecuting and loop back for another invocation.
+                   state = context.done ? GenStateCompleted : GenStateSuspendedYield;
 
+                   if (record.arg === ContinueSentinel) {
+                     continue;
+                   }
 
-       // scale to zoom
-       function geoScaleToZoom(k, tileSize) {
-           tileSize = tileSize || 256;
-           var log2ts = Math.log(tileSize) * Math.LOG2E;
-           return Math.log(k * TAU) / Math.LN2 - log2ts;
-       }
+                   return {
+                     value: record.arg,
+                     done: context.done
+                   };
+                 } else if (record.type === "throw") {
+                   state = GenStateCompleted; // Dispatch the exception by looping back around to the
+                   // context.dispatchException(context.arg) call above.
 
+                   context.method = "throw";
+                   context.arg = record.arg;
+                 }
+               }
+             };
+           } // Call delegate.iterator[context.method](context.arg) and handle the
+           // result, either by returning a { value, done } result from the
+           // delegate iterator, or by modifying context.method and context.arg,
+           // setting context.delegate to null, and returning the ContinueSentinel.
+
+
+           function maybeInvokeDelegate(delegate, context) {
+             var method = delegate.iterator[context.method];
+
+             if (method === undefined$1) {
+               // A .throw or .return when the delegate iterator has no .throw
+               // method always terminates the yield* loop.
+               context.delegate = null;
+
+               if (context.method === "throw") {
+                 // Note: ["return"] must be used for ES3 parsing compatibility.
+                 if (delegate.iterator["return"]) {
+                   // If the delegate iterator has a return method, give it a
+                   // chance to clean up.
+                   context.method = "return";
+                   context.arg = undefined$1;
+                   maybeInvokeDelegate(delegate, context);
+
+                   if (context.method === "throw") {
+                     // If maybeInvokeDelegate(context) changed context.method from
+                     // "return" to "throw", let that override the TypeError below.
+                     return ContinueSentinel;
+                   }
+                 }
 
-       // zoom to scale
-       function geoZoomToScale(z, tileSize) {
-           tileSize = tileSize || 256;
-           return tileSize * Math.pow(2, z) / TAU;
-       }
+                 context.method = "throw";
+                 context.arg = new TypeError("The iterator does not provide a 'throw' method");
+               }
 
+               return ContinueSentinel;
+             }
 
-       // returns info about the node from `nodes` closest to the given `point`
-       function geoSphericalClosestNode(nodes, point) {
-           var minDistance = Infinity, distance;
-           var indexOfMin;
+             var record = tryCatch(method, delegate.iterator, context.arg);
 
-           for (var i in nodes) {
-               distance = geoSphericalDistance(nodes[i].loc, point);
-               if (distance < minDistance) {
-                   minDistance = distance;
-                   indexOfMin = i;
-               }
-           }
+             if (record.type === "throw") {
+               context.method = "throw";
+               context.arg = record.arg;
+               context.delegate = null;
+               return ContinueSentinel;
+             }
 
-           if (indexOfMin !== undefined) {
-               return { index: indexOfMin, distance: minDistance, node: nodes[indexOfMin] };
-           } else {
-               return null;
-           }
-       }
+             var info = record.arg;
 
-       function geoExtent(min, max) {
-           if (!(this instanceof geoExtent)) {
-               return new geoExtent(min, max);
-           } else if (min instanceof geoExtent) {
-               return min;
-           } else if (min && min.length === 2 && min[0].length === 2 && min[1].length === 2) {
-               this[0] = min[0];
-               this[1] = min[1];
-           } else {
-               this[0] = min        || [ Infinity,  Infinity];
-               this[1] = max || min || [-Infinity, -Infinity];
-           }
-       }
+             if (!info) {
+               context.method = "throw";
+               context.arg = new TypeError("iterator result is not an object");
+               context.delegate = null;
+               return ContinueSentinel;
+             }
 
-       geoExtent.prototype = new Array(2);
+             if (info.done) {
+               // Assign the result of the finished delegate to the temporary
+               // variable specified by delegate.resultName (see delegateYield).
+               context[delegate.resultName] = info.value; // Resume execution at the desired location (see delegateYield).
 
-       Object.assign(geoExtent.prototype, {
+               context.next = delegate.nextLoc; // If context.method was "throw" but the delegate handled the
+               // exception, let the outer generator proceed normally. If
+               // context.method was "next", forget context.arg since it has been
+               // "consumed" by the delegate iterator. If context.method was
+               // "return", allow the original .return call to continue in the
+               // outer generator.
 
-           equals: function (obj) {
-               return this[0][0] === obj[0][0] &&
-                   this[0][1] === obj[0][1] &&
-                   this[1][0] === obj[1][0] &&
-                   this[1][1] === obj[1][1];
-           },
+               if (context.method !== "return") {
+                 context.method = "next";
+                 context.arg = undefined$1;
+               }
+             } else {
+               // Re-yield the result returned by the delegate method.
+               return info;
+             } // The delegate iterator is finished, so forget it and continue with
+             // the outer generator.
 
 
-           extend: function(obj) {
-               if (!(obj instanceof geoExtent)) obj = new geoExtent(obj);
-               return geoExtent(
-                   [Math.min(obj[0][0], this[0][0]), Math.min(obj[0][1], this[0][1])],
-                   [Math.max(obj[1][0], this[1][0]), Math.max(obj[1][1], this[1][1])]
-               );
-           },
+             context.delegate = null;
+             return ContinueSentinel;
+           } // Define Generator.prototype.{next,throw,return} in terms of the
+           // unified ._invoke helper method.
 
 
-           _extend: function(extent) {
-               this[0][0] = Math.min(extent[0][0], this[0][0]);
-               this[0][1] = Math.min(extent[0][1], this[0][1]);
-               this[1][0] = Math.max(extent[1][0], this[1][0]);
-               this[1][1] = Math.max(extent[1][1], this[1][1]);
-           },
+           defineIteratorMethods(Gp);
+           define(Gp, toStringTagSymbol, "Generator"); // A Generator should always return itself as the iterator object when the
+           // @@iterator function is called on it. Some browsers' implementations of the
+           // iterator prototype chain incorrectly implement this, causing the Generator
+           // object to not be returned from this call. This ensures that doesn't happen.
+           // See https://github.com/facebook/regenerator/issues/274 for more details.
 
+           Gp[iteratorSymbol] = function () {
+             return this;
+           };
 
-           area: function() {
-               return Math.abs((this[1][0] - this[0][0]) * (this[1][1] - this[0][1]));
-           },
+           Gp.toString = function () {
+             return "[object Generator]";
+           };
 
+           function pushTryEntry(locs) {
+             var entry = {
+               tryLoc: locs[0]
+             };
 
-           center: function() {
-               return [(this[0][0] + this[1][0]) / 2, (this[0][1] + this[1][1]) / 2];
-           },
+             if (1 in locs) {
+               entry.catchLoc = locs[1];
+             }
 
+             if (2 in locs) {
+               entry.finallyLoc = locs[2];
+               entry.afterLoc = locs[3];
+             }
 
-           rectangle: function() {
-               return [this[0][0], this[0][1], this[1][0], this[1][1]];
-           },
+             this.tryEntries.push(entry);
+           }
 
+           function resetTryEntry(entry) {
+             var record = entry.completion || {};
+             record.type = "normal";
+             delete record.arg;
+             entry.completion = record;
+           }
 
-           bbox: function() {
-               return { minX: this[0][0], minY: this[0][1], maxX: this[1][0], maxY: this[1][1] };
-           },
+           function Context(tryLocsList) {
+             // The root entry object (effectively a try statement without a catch
+             // or a finally block) gives us a place to store values thrown from
+             // locations where there is no enclosing try statement.
+             this.tryEntries = [{
+               tryLoc: "root"
+             }];
+             tryLocsList.forEach(pushTryEntry, this);
+             this.reset(true);
+           }
 
+           exports.keys = function (object) {
+             var keys = [];
 
-           polygon: function() {
-               return [
-                   [this[0][0], this[0][1]],
-                   [this[0][0], this[1][1]],
-                   [this[1][0], this[1][1]],
-                   [this[1][0], this[0][1]],
-                   [this[0][0], this[0][1]]
-               ];
-           },
+             for (var key in object) {
+               keys.push(key);
+             }
 
+             keys.reverse(); // Rather than returning an object with a next method, we keep
+             // things simple and return the next function itself.
 
-           contains: function(obj) {
-               if (!(obj instanceof geoExtent)) obj = new geoExtent(obj);
-               return obj[0][0] >= this[0][0] &&
-                      obj[0][1] >= this[0][1] &&
-                      obj[1][0] <= this[1][0] &&
-                      obj[1][1] <= this[1][1];
-           },
+             return function next() {
+               while (keys.length) {
+                 var key = keys.pop();
 
+                 if (key in object) {
+                   next.value = key;
+                   next.done = false;
+                   return next;
+                 }
+               } // To avoid creating an additional object, we just hang the .value
+               // and .done properties off the next function object itself. This
+               // also ensures that the minifier will not anonymize the function.
 
-           intersects: function(obj) {
-               if (!(obj instanceof geoExtent)) obj = new geoExtent(obj);
-               return obj[0][0] <= this[1][0] &&
-                      obj[0][1] <= this[1][1] &&
-                      obj[1][0] >= this[0][0] &&
-                      obj[1][1] >= this[0][1];
-           },
 
+               next.done = true;
+               return next;
+             };
+           };
 
-           intersection: function(obj) {
-               if (!this.intersects(obj)) return new geoExtent();
-               return new geoExtent(
-                   [Math.max(obj[0][0], this[0][0]), Math.max(obj[0][1], this[0][1])],
-                   [Math.min(obj[1][0], this[1][0]), Math.min(obj[1][1], this[1][1])]
-               );
-           },
+           function values(iterable) {
+             if (iterable) {
+               var iteratorMethod = iterable[iteratorSymbol];
 
+               if (iteratorMethod) {
+                 return iteratorMethod.call(iterable);
+               }
 
-           percentContainedIn: function(obj) {
-               if (!(obj instanceof geoExtent)) obj = new geoExtent(obj);
-               var a1 = this.intersection(obj).area();
-               var a2 = this.area();
+               if (typeof iterable.next === "function") {
+                 return iterable;
+               }
 
-               if (a1 === Infinity || a2 === Infinity) {
-                   return 0;
-               } else if (a1 === 0 || a2 === 0) {
-                   if (obj.contains(this)) {
-                       return 1;
+               if (!isNaN(iterable.length)) {
+                 var i = -1,
+                     next = function next() {
+                   while (++i < iterable.length) {
+                     if (hasOwn.call(iterable, i)) {
+                       next.value = iterable[i];
+                       next.done = false;
+                       return next;
+                     }
                    }
-                   return 0;
-               } else {
-                   return a1 / a2;
+
+                   next.value = undefined$1;
+                   next.done = true;
+                   return next;
+                 };
+
+                 return next.next = next;
                }
-           },
+             } // Return an iterator with no values.
 
 
-           padByMeters: function(meters) {
-               var dLat = geoMetersToLat(meters);
-               var dLon = geoMetersToLon(meters, this.center()[1]);
-               return geoExtent(
-                   [this[0][0] - dLon, this[0][1] - dLat],
-                   [this[1][0] + dLon, this[1][1] + dLat]
-               );
-           },
+             return {
+               next: doneResult
+             };
+           }
 
+           exports.values = values;
 
-           toParam: function() {
-               return this.rectangle().join(',');
+           function doneResult() {
+             return {
+               value: undefined$1,
+               done: true
+             };
            }
 
-       });
+           Context.prototype = {
+             constructor: Context,
+             reset: function reset(skipTempReset) {
+               this.prev = 0;
+               this.next = 0; // Resetting context._sent for legacy support of Babel's
+               // function.sent implementation.
 
-       function d3_polygonArea(polygon) {
-         var i = -1,
-             n = polygon.length,
-             a,
-             b = polygon[n - 1],
-             area = 0;
+               this.sent = this._sent = undefined$1;
+               this.done = false;
+               this.delegate = null;
+               this.method = "next";
+               this.arg = undefined$1;
+               this.tryEntries.forEach(resetTryEntry);
 
-         while (++i < n) {
-           a = b;
-           b = polygon[i];
-           area += a[1] * b[0] - a[0] * b[1];
-         }
+               if (!skipTempReset) {
+                 for (var name in this) {
+                   // Not sure about the optimal order of these conditions:
+                   if (name.charAt(0) === "t" && hasOwn.call(this, name) && !isNaN(+name.slice(1))) {
+                     this[name] = undefined$1;
+                   }
+                 }
+               }
+             },
+             stop: function stop() {
+               this.done = true;
+               var rootEntry = this.tryEntries[0];
+               var rootRecord = rootEntry.completion;
 
-         return area / 2;
-       }
+               if (rootRecord.type === "throw") {
+                 throw rootRecord.arg;
+               }
 
-       function d3_polygonCentroid(polygon) {
-         var i = -1,
-             n = polygon.length,
-             x = 0,
-             y = 0,
-             a,
-             b = polygon[n - 1],
-             c,
-             k = 0;
+               return this.rval;
+             },
+             dispatchException: function dispatchException(exception) {
+               if (this.done) {
+                 throw exception;
+               }
 
-         while (++i < n) {
-           a = b;
-           b = polygon[i];
-           k += c = a[0] * b[1] - b[0] * a[1];
-           x += (a[0] + b[0]) * c;
-           y += (a[1] + b[1]) * c;
-         }
+               var context = this;
 
-         return k *= 3, [x / k, y / k];
-       }
+               function handle(loc, caught) {
+                 record.type = "throw";
+                 record.arg = exception;
+                 context.next = loc;
 
-       // Returns the 2D cross product of AB and AC vectors, i.e., the z-component of
-       // the 3D cross product in a quadrant I Cartesian coordinate system (+x is
-       // right, +y is up). Returns a positive value if ABC is counter-clockwise,
-       // negative if clockwise, and zero if the points are collinear.
-       function cross(a, b, c) {
-         return (b[0] - a[0]) * (c[1] - a[1]) - (b[1] - a[1]) * (c[0] - a[0]);
-       }
+                 if (caught) {
+                   // If the dispatched exception was caught by a catch block,
+                   // then let that catch block handle the exception normally.
+                   context.method = "next";
+                   context.arg = undefined$1;
+                 }
 
-       function lexicographicOrder(a, b) {
-         return a[0] - b[0] || a[1] - b[1];
-       }
+                 return !!caught;
+               }
 
-       // Computes the upper convex hull per the monotone chain algorithm.
-       // Assumes points.length >= 3, is sorted by x, unique in y.
-       // Returns an array of indices into points in left-to-right order.
-       function computeUpperHullIndexes(points) {
-         var n = points.length,
-             indexes = [0, 1],
-             size = 2;
+               for (var i = this.tryEntries.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+                 var entry = this.tryEntries[i];
+                 var record = entry.completion;
 
-         for (var i = 2; i < n; ++i) {
-           while (size > 1 && cross(points[indexes[size - 2]], points[indexes[size - 1]], points[i]) <= 0) --size;
-           indexes[size++] = i;
-         }
+                 if (entry.tryLoc === "root") {
+                   // Exception thrown outside of any try block that could handle
+                   // it, so set the completion value of the entire function to
+                   // throw the exception.
+                   return handle("end");
+                 }
 
-         return indexes.slice(0, size); // remove popped points
-       }
+                 if (entry.tryLoc <= this.prev) {
+                   var hasCatch = hasOwn.call(entry, "catchLoc");
+                   var hasFinally = hasOwn.call(entry, "finallyLoc");
 
-       function d3_polygonHull(points) {
-         if ((n = points.length) < 3) return null;
+                   if (hasCatch && hasFinally) {
+                     if (this.prev < entry.catchLoc) {
+                       return handle(entry.catchLoc, true);
+                     } else if (this.prev < entry.finallyLoc) {
+                       return handle(entry.finallyLoc);
+                     }
+                   } else if (hasCatch) {
+                     if (this.prev < entry.catchLoc) {
+                       return handle(entry.catchLoc, true);
+                     }
+                   } else if (hasFinally) {
+                     if (this.prev < entry.finallyLoc) {
+                       return handle(entry.finallyLoc);
+                     }
+                   } else {
+                     throw new Error("try statement without catch or finally");
+                   }
+                 }
+               }
+             },
+             abrupt: function abrupt(type, arg) {
+               for (var i = this.tryEntries.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+                 var entry = this.tryEntries[i];
 
-         var i,
-             n,
-             sortedPoints = new Array(n),
-             flippedPoints = new Array(n);
+                 if (entry.tryLoc <= this.prev && hasOwn.call(entry, "finallyLoc") && this.prev < entry.finallyLoc) {
+                   var finallyEntry = entry;
+                   break;
+                 }
+               }
 
-         for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) sortedPoints[i] = [+points[i][0], +points[i][1], i];
-         sortedPoints.sort(lexicographicOrder);
-         for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) flippedPoints[i] = [sortedPoints[i][0], -sortedPoints[i][1]];
+               if (finallyEntry && (type === "break" || type === "continue") && finallyEntry.tryLoc <= arg && arg <= finallyEntry.finallyLoc) {
+                 // Ignore the finally entry if control is not jumping to a
+                 // location outside the try/catch block.
+                 finallyEntry = null;
+               }
 
-         var upperIndexes = computeUpperHullIndexes(sortedPoints),
-             lowerIndexes = computeUpperHullIndexes(flippedPoints);
+               var record = finallyEntry ? finallyEntry.completion : {};
+               record.type = type;
+               record.arg = arg;
 
-         // Construct the hull polygon, removing possible duplicate endpoints.
-         var skipLeft = lowerIndexes[0] === upperIndexes[0],
-             skipRight = lowerIndexes[lowerIndexes.length - 1] === upperIndexes[upperIndexes.length - 1],
-             hull = [];
+               if (finallyEntry) {
+                 this.method = "next";
+                 this.next = finallyEntry.finallyLoc;
+                 return ContinueSentinel;
+               }
 
-         // Add upper hull in right-to-l order.
-         // Then add lower hull in left-to-right order.
-         for (i = upperIndexes.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) hull.push(points[sortedPoints[upperIndexes[i]][2]]);
-         for (i = +skipLeft; i < lowerIndexes.length - skipRight; ++i) hull.push(points[sortedPoints[lowerIndexes[i]][2]]);
+               return this.complete(record);
+             },
+             complete: function complete(record, afterLoc) {
+               if (record.type === "throw") {
+                 throw record.arg;
+               }
 
-         return hull;
-       }
+               if (record.type === "break" || record.type === "continue") {
+                 this.next = record.arg;
+               } else if (record.type === "return") {
+                 this.rval = this.arg = record.arg;
+                 this.method = "return";
+                 this.next = "end";
+               } else if (record.type === "normal" && afterLoc) {
+                 this.next = afterLoc;
+               }
 
-       // vector equals
-       function geoVecEqual(a, b, epsilon) {
-           if (epsilon) {
-               return (Math.abs(a[0] - b[0]) <= epsilon) && (Math.abs(a[1] - b[1]) <= epsilon);
-           } else {
-               return (a[0] === b[0]) && (a[1] === b[1]);
-           }
-       }
+               return ContinueSentinel;
+             },
+             finish: function finish(finallyLoc) {
+               for (var i = this.tryEntries.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+                 var entry = this.tryEntries[i];
+
+                 if (entry.finallyLoc === finallyLoc) {
+                   this.complete(entry.completion, entry.afterLoc);
+                   resetTryEntry(entry);
+                   return ContinueSentinel;
+                 }
+               }
+             },
+             "catch": function _catch(tryLoc) {
+               for (var i = this.tryEntries.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+                 var entry = this.tryEntries[i];
 
-       // vector addition
-       function geoVecAdd(a, b) {
-           return [ a[0] + b[0], a[1] + b[1] ];
-       }
+                 if (entry.tryLoc === tryLoc) {
+                   var record = entry.completion;
 
-       // vector subtraction
-       function geoVecSubtract(a, b) {
-           return [ a[0] - b[0], a[1] - b[1] ];
-       }
+                   if (record.type === "throw") {
+                     var thrown = record.arg;
+                     resetTryEntry(entry);
+                   }
 
-       // vector scaling
-       function geoVecScale(a, mag) {
-           return [ a[0] * mag, a[1] * mag ];
-       }
+                   return thrown;
+                 }
+               } // The context.catch method must only be called with a location
+               // argument that corresponds to a known catch block.
 
-       // vector rounding (was: geoRoundCoordinates)
-       function geoVecFloor(a) {
-           return [ Math.floor(a[0]), Math.floor(a[1]) ];
-       }
 
-       // linear interpolation
-       function geoVecInterp(a, b, t) {
-           return [
-               a[0] + (b[0] - a[0]) * t,
-               a[1] + (b[1] - a[1]) * t
-           ];
-       }
+               throw new Error("illegal catch attempt");
+             },
+             delegateYield: function delegateYield(iterable, resultName, nextLoc) {
+               this.delegate = {
+                 iterator: values(iterable),
+                 resultName: resultName,
+                 nextLoc: nextLoc
+               };
 
-       // http://jsperf.com/id-dist-optimization
-       function geoVecLength(a, b) {
-           return Math.sqrt(geoVecLengthSquare(a,b));
-       }
+               if (this.method === "next") {
+                 // Deliberately forget the last sent value so that we don't
+                 // accidentally pass it on to the delegate.
+                 this.arg = undefined$1;
+               }
 
-       // length of vector raised to the power two
-       function geoVecLengthSquare(a, b) {
-           b = b || [0, 0];
-           var x = a[0] - b[0];
-           var y = a[1] - b[1];
-           return (x * x) + (y * y);
-       }
+               return ContinueSentinel;
+             }
+           }; // Regardless of whether this script is executing as a CommonJS module
+           // or not, return the runtime object so that we can declare the variable
+           // regeneratorRuntime in the outer scope, which allows this module to be
+           // injected easily by `bin/regenerator --include-runtime script.js`.
 
-       // get a unit vector
-       function geoVecNormalize(a) {
-           var length = Math.sqrt((a[0] * a[0]) + (a[1] * a[1]));
-           if (length !== 0) {
-               return geoVecScale(a, 1 / length);
-           }
-           return [0, 0];
-       }
+           return exports;
+         }( // If this script is executing as a CommonJS module, use module.exports
+         // as the regeneratorRuntime namespace. Otherwise create a new empty
+         // object. Either way, the resulting object will be used to initialize
+         // the regeneratorRuntime variable at the top of this file.
+         module.exports );
 
-       // Return the counterclockwise angle in the range (-pi, pi)
-       // between the positive X axis and the line intersecting a and b.
-       function geoVecAngle(a, b) {
-           return Math.atan2(b[1] - a[1], b[0] - a[0]);
-       }
+         try {
+           regeneratorRuntime = runtime;
+         } catch (accidentalStrictMode) {
+           // This module should not be running in strict mode, so the above
+           // assignment should always work unless something is misconfigured. Just
+           // in case runtime.js accidentally runs in strict mode, we can escape
+           // strict mode using a global Function call. This could conceivably fail
+           // if a Content Security Policy forbids using Function, but in that case
+           // the proper solution is to fix the accidental strict mode problem. If
+           // you've misconfigured your bundler to force strict mode and applied a
+           // CSP to forbid Function, and you're not willing to fix either of those
+           // problems, please detail your unique predicament in a GitHub issue.
+           Function("r", "regeneratorRuntime = r")(runtime);
+         }
+       });
 
-       // dot product
-       function geoVecDot(a, b, origin) {
-           origin = origin || [0, 0];
-           var p = geoVecSubtract(a, origin);
-           var q = geoVecSubtract(b, origin);
-           return (p[0]) * (q[0]) + (p[1]) * (q[1]);
-       }
+       var _marked$2 = /*#__PURE__*/regeneratorRuntime.mark(numbers);
 
-       // normalized dot product
-       function geoVecNormalizedDot(a, b, origin) {
-           origin = origin || [0, 0];
-           var p = geoVecNormalize(geoVecSubtract(a, origin));
-           var q = geoVecNormalize(geoVecSubtract(b, origin));
-           return geoVecDot(p, q);
+       function number$1 (x) {
+         return x === null ? NaN : +x;
        }
+       function numbers(values, valueof) {
+         var _iterator, _step, value, index, _iterator2, _step2, _value;
 
-       // 2D cross product of OA and OB vectors, returns magnitude of Z vector
-       // Returns a positive value, if OAB makes a counter-clockwise turn,
-       // negative for clockwise turn, and zero if the points are collinear.
-       function geoVecCross(a, b, origin) {
-           origin = origin || [0, 0];
-           var p = geoVecSubtract(a, origin);
-           var q = geoVecSubtract(b, origin);
-           return (p[0]) * (q[1]) - (p[1]) * (q[0]);
-       }
+         return regeneratorRuntime.wrap(function numbers$(_context) {
+           while (1) {
+             switch (_context.prev = _context.next) {
+               case 0:
+                 if (!(valueof === undefined)) {
+                   _context.next = 21;
+                   break;
+                 }
 
+                 _iterator = _createForOfIteratorHelper(values);
+                 _context.prev = 2;
 
-       // find closest orthogonal projection of point onto points array
-       function geoVecProject(a, points) {
-           var min = Infinity;
-           var idx;
-           var target;
-
-           for (var i = 0; i < points.length - 1; i++) {
-               var o = points[i];
-               var s = geoVecSubtract(points[i + 1], o);
-               var v = geoVecSubtract(a, o);
-               var proj = geoVecDot(v, s) / geoVecDot(s, s);
-               var p;
-
-               if (proj < 0) {
-                   p = o;
-               } else if (proj > 1) {
-                   p = points[i + 1];
-               } else {
-                   p = [o[0] + proj * s[0], o[1] + proj * s[1]];
-               }
+                 _iterator.s();
 
-               var dist = geoVecLength(p, a);
-               if (dist < min) {
-                   min = dist;
-                   idx = i + 1;
-                   target = p;
-               }
-           }
+               case 4:
+                 if ((_step = _iterator.n()).done) {
+                   _context.next = 11;
+                   break;
+                 }
 
-           if (idx !== undefined) {
-               return { index: idx, distance: min, target: target };
-           } else {
-               return null;
-           }
-       }
+                 value = _step.value;
 
-       // Return the counterclockwise angle in the range (-pi, pi)
-       // between the positive X axis and the line intersecting a and b.
-       function geoAngle(a, b, projection) {
-           return geoVecAngle(projection(a.loc), projection(b.loc));
-       }
+                 if (!(value != null && (value = +value) >= value)) {
+                   _context.next = 9;
+                   break;
+                 }
 
+                 _context.next = 9;
+                 return value;
 
-       function geoEdgeEqual(a, b) {
-           return (a[0] === b[0] && a[1] === b[1]) ||
-               (a[0] === b[1] && a[1] === b[0]);
-       }
+               case 9:
+                 _context.next = 4;
+                 break;
 
+               case 11:
+                 _context.next = 16;
+                 break;
 
-       // Rotate all points counterclockwise around a pivot point by given angle
-       function geoRotate(points, angle, around) {
-           return points.map(function(point) {
-               var radial = geoVecSubtract(point, around);
-               return [
-                   radial[0] * Math.cos(angle) - radial[1] * Math.sin(angle) + around[0],
-                   radial[0] * Math.sin(angle) + radial[1] * Math.cos(angle) + around[1]
-               ];
-           });
-       }
+               case 13:
+                 _context.prev = 13;
+                 _context.t0 = _context["catch"](2);
 
+                 _iterator.e(_context.t0);
 
-       // Choose the edge with the minimal distance from `point` to its orthogonal
-       // projection onto that edge, if such a projection exists, or the distance to
-       // the closest vertex on that edge. Returns an object with the `index` of the
-       // chosen edge, the chosen `loc` on that edge, and the `distance` to to it.
-       function geoChooseEdge(nodes, point, projection, activeID) {
-           var dist = geoVecLength;
-           var points = nodes.map(function(n) { return projection(n.loc); });
-           var ids = nodes.map(function(n) { return n.id; });
-           var min = Infinity;
-           var idx;
-           var loc;
-
-           for (var i = 0; i < points.length - 1; i++) {
-               if (ids[i] === activeID || ids[i + 1] === activeID) continue;
-
-               var o = points[i];
-               var s = geoVecSubtract(points[i + 1], o);
-               var v = geoVecSubtract(point, o);
-               var proj = geoVecDot(v, s) / geoVecDot(s, s);
-               var p;
-
-               if (proj < 0) {
-                   p = o;
-               } else if (proj > 1) {
-                   p = points[i + 1];
-               } else {
-                   p = [o[0] + proj * s[0], o[1] + proj * s[1]];
-               }
+               case 16:
+                 _context.prev = 16;
 
-               var d = dist(p, point);
-               if (d < min) {
-                   min = d;
-                   idx = i + 1;
-                   loc = projection.invert(p);
-               }
-           }
+                 _iterator.f();
 
-           if (idx !== undefined) {
-               return { index: idx, distance: min, loc: loc };
-           } else {
-               return null;
-           }
-       }
+                 return _context.finish(16);
 
+               case 19:
+                 _context.next = 40;
+                 break;
 
-       // Test active (dragged or drawing) segments against inactive segments
-       // This is used to test e.g. multipolygon rings that cross
-       // `activeNodes` is the ring containing the activeID being dragged.
-       // `inactiveNodes` is the other ring to test against
-       function geoHasLineIntersections(activeNodes, inactiveNodes, activeID) {
-           var actives = [];
-           var inactives = [];
-           var j, k, n1, n2, segment;
-
-           // gather active segments (only segments in activeNodes that contain the activeID)
-           for (j = 0; j < activeNodes.length - 1; j++) {
-               n1 = activeNodes[j];
-               n2 = activeNodes[j+1];
-               segment = [n1.loc, n2.loc];
-               if (n1.id === activeID || n2.id === activeID) {
-                   actives.push(segment);
-               }
-           }
-
-           // gather inactive segments
-           for (j = 0; j < inactiveNodes.length - 1; j++) {
-               n1 = inactiveNodes[j];
-               n2 = inactiveNodes[j+1];
-               segment = [n1.loc, n2.loc];
-               inactives.push(segment);
-           }
-
-           // test
-           for (j = 0; j < actives.length; j++) {
-               for (k = 0; k < inactives.length; k++) {
-                   var p = actives[j];
-                   var q = inactives[k];
-                   var hit = geoLineIntersection(p, q);
-                   if (hit) {
-                       return true;
-                   }
-               }
-           }
+               case 21:
+                 index = -1;
+                 _iterator2 = _createForOfIteratorHelper(values);
+                 _context.prev = 23;
 
-           return false;
-       }
+                 _iterator2.s();
 
+               case 25:
+                 if ((_step2 = _iterator2.n()).done) {
+                   _context.next = 32;
+                   break;
+                 }
 
-       // Test active (dragged or drawing) segments against inactive segments
-       // This is used to test whether a way intersects with itself.
-       function geoHasSelfIntersections(nodes, activeID) {
-           var actives = [];
-           var inactives = [];
-           var j, k;
-
-           // group active and passive segments along the nodes
-           for (j = 0; j < nodes.length - 1; j++) {
-               var n1 = nodes[j];
-               var n2 = nodes[j+1];
-               var segment = [n1.loc, n2.loc];
-               if (n1.id === activeID || n2.id === activeID) {
-                   actives.push(segment);
-               } else {
-                   inactives.push(segment);
-               }
-           }
+                 _value = _step2.value;
 
-           // test
-           for (j = 0; j < actives.length; j++) {
-               for (k = 0; k < inactives.length; k++) {
-                   var p = actives[j];
-                   var q = inactives[k];
-                   // skip if segments share an endpoint
-                   if (geoVecEqual(p[1], q[0]) || geoVecEqual(p[0], q[1]) ||
-                       geoVecEqual(p[0], q[0]) || geoVecEqual(p[1], q[1]) ) {
-                       continue;
-                   }
+                 if (!((_value = valueof(_value, ++index, values)) != null && (_value = +_value) >= _value)) {
+                   _context.next = 30;
+                   break;
+                 }
 
-                   var hit = geoLineIntersection(p, q);
-                   if (hit) {
-                       var epsilon = 1e-8;
-                       // skip if the hit is at the segment's endpoint
-                       if (geoVecEqual(p[1], hit, epsilon) || geoVecEqual(p[0], hit, epsilon) ||
-                           geoVecEqual(q[1], hit, epsilon) || geoVecEqual(q[0], hit, epsilon) ) {
-                           continue;
-                       } else {
-                           return true;
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
-           }
+                 _context.next = 30;
+                 return _value;
 
-           return false;
-       }
+               case 30:
+                 _context.next = 25;
+                 break;
 
+               case 32:
+                 _context.next = 37;
+                 break;
 
-       // Return the intersection point of 2 line segments.
-       // From https://github.com/pgkelley4/line-segments-intersect
-       // This uses the vector cross product approach described below:
-       //  http://stackoverflow.com/a/565282/786339
-       function geoLineIntersection(a, b) {
-           var p = [a[0][0], a[0][1]];
-           var p2 = [a[1][0], a[1][1]];
-           var q = [b[0][0], b[0][1]];
-           var q2 = [b[1][0], b[1][1]];
-           var r = geoVecSubtract(p2, p);
-           var s = geoVecSubtract(q2, q);
-           var uNumerator = geoVecCross(geoVecSubtract(q, p), r);
-           var denominator = geoVecCross(r, s);
+               case 34:
+                 _context.prev = 34;
+                 _context.t1 = _context["catch"](23);
 
-           if (uNumerator && denominator) {
-               var u = uNumerator / denominator;
-               var t = geoVecCross(geoVecSubtract(q, p), s) / denominator;
+                 _iterator2.e(_context.t1);
 
-               if ((t >= 0) && (t <= 1) && (u >= 0) && (u <= 1)) {
-                   return geoVecInterp(p, p2, t);
-               }
-           }
+               case 37:
+                 _context.prev = 37;
 
-           return null;
-       }
+                 _iterator2.f();
 
+                 return _context.finish(37);
 
-       function geoPathIntersections(path1, path2) {
-           var intersections = [];
-           for (var i = 0; i < path1.length - 1; i++) {
-               for (var j = 0; j < path2.length - 1; j++) {
-                   var a = [ path1[i], path1[i+1] ];
-                   var b = [ path2[j], path2[j+1] ];
-                   var hit = geoLineIntersection(a, b);
-                   if (hit) {
-                       intersections.push(hit);
-                   }
-               }
+               case 40:
+               case "end":
+                 return _context.stop();
+             }
            }
-           return intersections;
+         }, _marked$2, null, [[2, 13, 16, 19], [23, 34, 37, 40]]);
        }
 
-       function geoPathHasIntersections(path1, path2) {
-           for (var i = 0; i < path1.length - 1; i++) {
-               for (var j = 0; j < path2.length - 1; j++) {
-                   var a = [ path1[i], path1[i+1] ];
-                   var b = [ path2[j], path2[j+1] ];
-                   var hit = geoLineIntersection(a, b);
-                   if (hit) {
-                       return true;
-                   }
-               }
-           }
-           return false;
-       }
+       var ascendingBisect = d3_bisector(d3_ascending);
+       var bisectRight = ascendingBisect.right;
+       d3_bisector(number$1).center;
 
+       var INCORRECT_ITERATION = !checkCorrectnessOfIteration(function (iterable) {
+         // eslint-disable-next-line es/no-array-from -- required for testing
+         Array.from(iterable);
+       });
 
-       // Return whether point is contained in polygon.
-       //
-       // `point` should be a 2-item array of coordinates.
-       // `polygon` should be an array of 2-item arrays of coordinates.
-       //
-       // From https://github.com/substack/point-in-polygon.
-       // ray-casting algorithm based on
-       // http://www.ecse.rpi.edu/Homepages/wrf/Research/Short_Notes/pnpoly.html
-       //
-       function geoPointInPolygon(point, polygon) {
-           var x = point[0];
-           var y = point[1];
-           var inside = false;
+       // `Array.from` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-array.from
+       _export({ target: 'Array', stat: true, forced: INCORRECT_ITERATION }, {
+         from: arrayFrom
+       });
 
-           for (var i = 0, j = polygon.length - 1; i < polygon.length; j = i++) {
-               var xi = polygon[i][0];
-               var yi = polygon[i][1];
-               var xj = polygon[j][0];
-               var yj = polygon[j][1];
+       // `Array.prototype.fill` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-array.prototype.fill
+       _export({ target: 'Array', proto: true }, {
+         fill: arrayFill
+       });
 
-               var intersect = ((yi > y) !== (yj > y)) &&
-                   (x < (xj - xi) * (y - yi) / (yj - yi) + xi);
-               if (intersect) inside = !inside;
-           }
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-array.prototype-@@unscopables
+       addToUnscopables('fill');
 
-           return inside;
-       }
+       var $some = arrayIteration.some;
 
 
-       function geoPolygonContainsPolygon(outer, inner) {
-           return inner.every(function(point) {
-               return geoPointInPolygon(point, outer);
-           });
-       }
+       var STRICT_METHOD$3 = arrayMethodIsStrict('some');
 
+       // `Array.prototype.some` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-array.prototype.some
+       _export({ target: 'Array', proto: true, forced: !STRICT_METHOD$3 }, {
+         some: function some(callbackfn /* , thisArg */) {
+           return $some(this, callbackfn, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);
+         }
+       });
 
-       function geoPolygonIntersectsPolygon(outer, inner, checkSegments) {
-           function testPoints(outer, inner) {
-               return inner.some(function(point) {
-                   return geoPointInPolygon(point, outer);
-               });
-           }
+       var exportTypedArrayStaticMethod = arrayBufferViewCore.exportTypedArrayStaticMethod;
 
-          return testPoints(outer, inner) || (!!checkSegments && geoPathHasIntersections(outer, inner));
-       }
 
+       // `%TypedArray%.from` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-%typedarray%.from
+       exportTypedArrayStaticMethod('from', typedArrayFrom, typedArrayConstructorsRequireWrappers);
 
-       // http://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/22895/finding-minimum-area-rectangle-for-given-points
-       // http://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/3739/generalisation-strategies-for-building-outlines/3756#3756
-       function geoGetSmallestSurroundingRectangle(points) {
-           var hull = d3_polygonHull(points);
-           var centroid = d3_polygonCentroid(hull);
-           var minArea = Infinity;
-           var ssrExtent = [];
-           var ssrAngle = 0;
-           var c1 = hull[0];
-
-           for (var i = 0; i <= hull.length - 1; i++) {
-               var c2 = (i === hull.length - 1) ? hull[0] : hull[i + 1];
-               var angle = Math.atan2(c2[1] - c1[1], c2[0] - c1[0]);
-               var poly = geoRotate(hull, -angle, centroid);
-               var extent = poly.reduce(function(extent, point) {
-                   return extent.extend(geoExtent(point));
-               }, geoExtent());
-
-               var area = extent.area();
-               if (area < minArea) {
-                   minArea = area;
-                   ssrExtent = extent;
-                   ssrAngle = angle;
-               }
-               c1 = c2;
-           }
+       // `Float64Array` constructor
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-typedarray-objects
+       typedArrayConstructor('Float64', function (init) {
+         return function Float64Array(data, byteOffset, length) {
+           return init(this, data, byteOffset, length);
+         };
+       });
 
-           return {
-               poly: geoRotate(ssrExtent.polygon(), ssrAngle, centroid),
-               angle: ssrAngle
-           };
+       function d3_descending (a, b) {
+         return b < a ? -1 : b > a ? 1 : b >= a ? 0 : NaN;
        }
 
+       // https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/a74eea238f5baba15797e2e8b570d153bc8690a7/Modules/mathmodule.c#L1423
+       var Adder = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
+         function Adder() {
+           _classCallCheck$1(this, Adder);
 
-       function geoPathLength(path) {
-           var length = 0;
-           for (var i = 0; i < path.length - 1; i++) {
-               length += geoVecLength(path[i], path[i + 1]);
-           }
-           return length;
-       }
+           this._partials = new Float64Array(32);
+           this._n = 0;
+         }
 
+         _createClass$1(Adder, [{
+           key: "add",
+           value: function add(x) {
+             var p = this._partials;
+             var i = 0;
 
-       // If the given point is at the edge of the padded viewport,
-       // return a vector that will nudge the viewport in that direction
-       function geoViewportEdge(point, dimensions) {
-           var pad = [80, 20, 50, 20];   // top, right, bottom, left
-           var x = 0;
-           var y = 0;
-
-           if (point[0] > dimensions[0] - pad[1])
-               x = -10;
-           if (point[0] < pad[3])
-               x = 10;
-           if (point[1] > dimensions[1] - pad[2])
-               y = -10;
-           if (point[1] < pad[0])
-               y = 10;
-
-           if (x || y) {
-               return [x, y];
-           } else {
-               return null;
+             for (var j = 0; j < this._n && j < 32; j++) {
+               var y = p[j],
+                   hi = x + y,
+                   lo = Math.abs(x) < Math.abs(y) ? x - (hi - y) : y - (hi - x);
+               if (lo) p[i++] = lo;
+               x = hi;
+             }
+
+             p[i] = x;
+             this._n = i + 1;
+             return this;
            }
-       }
+         }, {
+           key: "valueOf",
+           value: function valueOf() {
+             var p = this._partials;
+             var n = this._n,
+                 x,
+                 y,
+                 lo,
+                 hi = 0;
 
-       var noop$3 = {value: function() {}};
+             if (n > 0) {
+               hi = p[--n];
 
-       function dispatch() {
-         for (var i = 0, n = arguments.length, _ = {}, t; i < n; ++i) {
-           if (!(t = arguments[i] + "") || (t in _) || /[\s.]/.test(t)) throw new Error("illegal type: " + t);
-           _[t] = [];
-         }
-         return new Dispatch(_);
-       }
+               while (n > 0) {
+                 x = hi;
+                 y = p[--n];
+                 hi = x + y;
+                 lo = y - (hi - x);
+                 if (lo) break;
+               }
 
-       function Dispatch(_) {
-         this._ = _;
-       }
+               if (n > 0 && (lo < 0 && p[n - 1] < 0 || lo > 0 && p[n - 1] > 0)) {
+                 y = lo * 2;
+                 x = hi + y;
+                 if (y == x - hi) hi = x;
+               }
+             }
 
-       function parseTypenames(typenames, types) {
-         return typenames.trim().split(/^|\s+/).map(function(t) {
-           var name = "", i = t.indexOf(".");
-           if (i >= 0) name = t.slice(i + 1), t = t.slice(0, i);
-           if (t && !types.hasOwnProperty(t)) throw new Error("unknown type: " + t);
-           return {type: t, name: name};
-         });
-       }
+             return hi;
+           }
+         }]);
 
-       Dispatch.prototype = dispatch.prototype = {
-         constructor: Dispatch,
-         on: function(typename, callback) {
-           var _ = this._,
-               T = parseTypenames(typename + "", _),
-               t,
-               i = -1,
-               n = T.length;
+         return Adder;
+       }();
 
-           // If no callback was specified, return the callback of the given type and name.
-           if (arguments.length < 2) {
-             while (++i < n) if ((t = (typename = T[i]).type) && (t = get$1(_[t], typename.name))) return t;
-             return;
-           }
+       // `Object.defineProperties` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-object.defineproperties
+       _export({ target: 'Object', stat: true, forced: !descriptors, sham: !descriptors }, {
+         defineProperties: objectDefineProperties
+       });
 
-           // If a type was specified, set the callback for the given type and name.
-           // Otherwise, if a null callback was specified, remove callbacks of the given name.
-           if (callback != null && typeof callback !== "function") throw new Error("invalid callback: " + callback);
-           while (++i < n) {
-             if (t = (typename = T[i]).type) _[t] = set(_[t], typename.name, callback);
-             else if (callback == null) for (t in _) _[t] = set(_[t], typename.name, null);
-           }
+       // `Map` constructor
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-map-objects
+       collection('Map', function (init) {
+         return function Map() { return init(this, arguments.length ? arguments[0] : undefined); };
+       }, collectionStrong);
 
-           return this;
-         },
-         copy: function() {
-           var copy = {}, _ = this._;
-           for (var t in _) copy[t] = _[t].slice();
-           return new Dispatch(copy);
-         },
-         call: function(type, that) {
-           if ((n = arguments.length - 2) > 0) for (var args = new Array(n), i = 0, n, t; i < n; ++i) args[i] = arguments[i + 2];
-           if (!this._.hasOwnProperty(type)) throw new Error("unknown type: " + type);
-           for (t = this._[type], i = 0, n = t.length; i < n; ++i) t[i].value.apply(that, args);
-         },
-         apply: function(type, that, args) {
-           if (!this._.hasOwnProperty(type)) throw new Error("unknown type: " + type);
-           for (var t = this._[type], i = 0, n = t.length; i < n; ++i) t[i].value.apply(that, args);
-         }
-       };
+       var test = [];
+       var nativeSort = test.sort;
 
-       function get$1(type, name) {
-         for (var i = 0, n = type.length, c; i < n; ++i) {
-           if ((c = type[i]).name === name) {
-             return c.value;
+       // IE8-
+       var FAILS_ON_UNDEFINED = fails(function () {
+         test.sort(undefined);
+       });
+       // V8 bug
+       var FAILS_ON_NULL = fails(function () {
+         test.sort(null);
+       });
+       // Old WebKit
+       var STRICT_METHOD$2 = arrayMethodIsStrict('sort');
+
+       var STABLE_SORT = !fails(function () {
+         // feature detection can be too slow, so check engines versions
+         if (engineV8Version) return engineV8Version < 70;
+         if (engineFfVersion && engineFfVersion > 3) return;
+         if (engineIsIeOrEdge) return true;
+         if (engineWebkitVersion) return engineWebkitVersion < 603;
+
+         var result = '';
+         var code, chr, value, index;
+
+         // generate an array with more 512 elements (Chakra and old V8 fails only in this case)
+         for (code = 65; code < 76; code++) {
+           chr = String.fromCharCode(code);
+
+           switch (code) {
+             case 66: case 69: case 70: case 72: value = 3; break;
+             case 68: case 71: value = 4; break;
+             default: value = 2;
            }
-         }
-       }
 
-       function set(type, name, callback) {
-         for (var i = 0, n = type.length; i < n; ++i) {
-           if (type[i].name === name) {
-             type[i] = noop$3, type = type.slice(0, i).concat(type.slice(i + 1));
-             break;
+           for (index = 0; index < 47; index++) {
+             test.push({ k: chr + index, v: value });
            }
          }
-         if (callback != null) type.push({name: name, value: callback});
-         return type;
-       }
 
-       var xhtml = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml";
+         test.sort(function (a, b) { return b.v - a.v; });
 
-       var namespaces = {
-         svg: "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",
-         xhtml: xhtml,
-         xlink: "http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink",
-         xml: "http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace",
-         xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/"
-       };
+         for (index = 0; index < test.length; index++) {
+           chr = test[index].k.charAt(0);
+           if (result.charAt(result.length - 1) !== chr) result += chr;
+         }
 
-       function namespace(name) {
-         var prefix = name += "", i = prefix.indexOf(":");
-         if (i >= 0 && (prefix = name.slice(0, i)) !== "xmlns") name = name.slice(i + 1);
-         return namespaces.hasOwnProperty(prefix) ? {space: namespaces[prefix], local: name} : name;
-       }
+         return result !== 'DGBEFHACIJK';
+       });
 
-       function creatorInherit(name) {
-         return function() {
-           var document = this.ownerDocument,
-               uri = this.namespaceURI;
-           return uri === xhtml && document.documentElement.namespaceURI === xhtml
-               ? document.createElement(name)
-               : document.createElementNS(uri, name);
-         };
-       }
+       var FORCED$5 = FAILS_ON_UNDEFINED || !FAILS_ON_NULL || !STRICT_METHOD$2 || !STABLE_SORT;
 
-       function creatorFixed(fullname) {
-         return function() {
-           return this.ownerDocument.createElementNS(fullname.space, fullname.local);
+       var getSortCompare = function (comparefn) {
+         return function (x, y) {
+           if (y === undefined) return -1;
+           if (x === undefined) return 1;
+           if (comparefn !== undefined) return +comparefn(x, y) || 0;
+           return String(x) > String(y) ? 1 : -1;
          };
-       }
+       };
 
-       function creator(name) {
-         var fullname = namespace(name);
-         return (fullname.local
-             ? creatorFixed
-             : creatorInherit)(fullname);
-       }
+       // `Array.prototype.sort` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-array.prototype.sort
+       _export({ target: 'Array', proto: true, forced: FORCED$5 }, {
+         sort: function sort(comparefn) {
+           if (comparefn !== undefined) aFunction(comparefn);
 
-       function none() {}
+           var array = toObject(this);
 
-       function selector(selector) {
-         return selector == null ? none : function() {
-           return this.querySelector(selector);
-         };
-       }
+           if (STABLE_SORT) return comparefn === undefined ? nativeSort.call(array) : nativeSort.call(array, comparefn);
 
-       function selection_select(select) {
-         if (typeof select !== "function") select = selector(select);
+           var items = [];
+           var arrayLength = toLength(array.length);
+           var itemsLength, index;
 
-         for (var groups = this._groups, m = groups.length, subgroups = new Array(m), j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
-           for (var group = groups[j], n = group.length, subgroup = subgroups[j] = new Array(n), node, subnode, i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-             if ((node = group[i]) && (subnode = select.call(node, node.__data__, i, group))) {
-               if ("__data__" in node) subnode.__data__ = node.__data__;
-               subgroup[i] = subnode;
-             }
+           for (index = 0; index < arrayLength; index++) {
+             if (index in array) items.push(array[index]);
            }
-         }
 
-         return new Selection(subgroups, this._parents);
-       }
+           items = arraySort(items, getSortCompare(comparefn));
+           itemsLength = items.length;
+           index = 0;
 
-       function empty() {
-         return [];
-       }
+           while (index < itemsLength) array[index] = items[index++];
+           while (index < arrayLength) delete array[index++];
 
-       function selectorAll(selector) {
-         return selector == null ? empty : function() {
-           return this.querySelectorAll(selector);
-         };
-       }
+           return array;
+         }
+       });
 
-       function selection_selectAll(select) {
-         if (typeof select !== "function") select = selectorAll(select);
+       var e10 = Math.sqrt(50),
+           e5 = Math.sqrt(10),
+           e2 = Math.sqrt(2);
+       function ticks (start, stop, count) {
+         var reverse,
+             i = -1,
+             n,
+             ticks,
+             step;
+         stop = +stop, start = +start, count = +count;
+         if (start === stop && count > 0) return [start];
+         if (reverse = stop < start) n = start, start = stop, stop = n;
+         if ((step = tickIncrement(start, stop, count)) === 0 || !isFinite(step)) return [];
 
-         for (var groups = this._groups, m = groups.length, subgroups = [], parents = [], j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
-           for (var group = groups[j], n = group.length, node, i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-             if (node = group[i]) {
-               subgroups.push(select.call(node, node.__data__, i, group));
-               parents.push(node);
-             }
-           }
-         }
+         if (step > 0) {
+           var r0 = Math.round(start / step),
+               r1 = Math.round(stop / step);
+           if (r0 * step < start) ++r0;
+           if (r1 * step > stop) --r1;
+           ticks = new Array(n = r1 - r0 + 1);
 
-         return new Selection(subgroups, parents);
-       }
+           while (++i < n) {
+             ticks[i] = (r0 + i) * step;
+           }
+         } else {
+           step = -step;
 
-       function matcher(selector) {
-         return function() {
-           return this.matches(selector);
-         };
-       }
+           var _r = Math.round(start * step),
+               _r2 = Math.round(stop * step);
 
-       function selection_filter(match) {
-         if (typeof match !== "function") match = matcher(match);
+           if (_r / step < start) ++_r;
+           if (_r2 / step > stop) --_r2;
+           ticks = new Array(n = _r2 - _r + 1);
 
-         for (var groups = this._groups, m = groups.length, subgroups = new Array(m), j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
-           for (var group = groups[j], n = group.length, subgroup = subgroups[j] = [], node, i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-             if ((node = group[i]) && match.call(node, node.__data__, i, group)) {
-               subgroup.push(node);
-             }
+           while (++i < n) {
+             ticks[i] = (_r + i) / step;
            }
          }
 
-         return new Selection(subgroups, this._parents);
-       }
-
-       function sparse(update) {
-         return new Array(update.length);
+         if (reverse) ticks.reverse();
+         return ticks;
        }
-
-       function selection_enter() {
-         return new Selection(this._enter || this._groups.map(sparse), this._parents);
+       function tickIncrement(start, stop, count) {
+         var step = (stop - start) / Math.max(0, count),
+             power = Math.floor(Math.log(step) / Math.LN10),
+             error = step / Math.pow(10, power);
+         return power >= 0 ? (error >= e10 ? 10 : error >= e5 ? 5 : error >= e2 ? 2 : 1) * Math.pow(10, power) : -Math.pow(10, -power) / (error >= e10 ? 10 : error >= e5 ? 5 : error >= e2 ? 2 : 1);
        }
-
-       function EnterNode(parent, datum) {
-         this.ownerDocument = parent.ownerDocument;
-         this.namespaceURI = parent.namespaceURI;
-         this._next = null;
-         this._parent = parent;
-         this.__data__ = datum;
+       function tickStep(start, stop, count) {
+         var step0 = Math.abs(stop - start) / Math.max(0, count),
+             step1 = Math.pow(10, Math.floor(Math.log(step0) / Math.LN10)),
+             error = step0 / step1;
+         if (error >= e10) step1 *= 10;else if (error >= e5) step1 *= 5;else if (error >= e2) step1 *= 2;
+         return stop < start ? -step1 : step1;
        }
 
-       EnterNode.prototype = {
-         constructor: EnterNode,
-         appendChild: function(child) { return this._parent.insertBefore(child, this._next); },
-         insertBefore: function(child, next) { return this._parent.insertBefore(child, next); },
-         querySelector: function(selector) { return this._parent.querySelector(selector); },
-         querySelectorAll: function(selector) { return this._parent.querySelectorAll(selector); }
-       };
-
-       function constant(x) {
-         return function() {
-           return x;
-         };
-       }
+       function max(values, valueof) {
+         var max;
 
-       var keyPrefix = "$"; // Protect against keys like “__proto__”.
+         if (valueof === undefined) {
+           var _iterator = _createForOfIteratorHelper(values),
+               _step;
 
-       function bindIndex(parent, group, enter, update, exit, data) {
-         var i = 0,
-             node,
-             groupLength = group.length,
-             dataLength = data.length;
+           try {
+             for (_iterator.s(); !(_step = _iterator.n()).done;) {
+               var value = _step.value;
 
-         // Put any non-null nodes that fit into update.
-         // Put any null nodes into enter.
-         // Put any remaining data into enter.
-         for (; i < dataLength; ++i) {
-           if (node = group[i]) {
-             node.__data__ = data[i];
-             update[i] = node;
-           } else {
-             enter[i] = new EnterNode(parent, data[i]);
+               if (value != null && (max < value || max === undefined && value >= value)) {
+                 max = value;
+               }
+             }
+           } catch (err) {
+             _iterator.e(err);
+           } finally {
+             _iterator.f();
            }
-         }
+         } else {
+           var index = -1;
 
-         // Put any non-null nodes that don’t fit into exit.
-         for (; i < groupLength; ++i) {
-           if (node = group[i]) {
-             exit[i] = node;
-           }
-         }
-       }
+           var _iterator2 = _createForOfIteratorHelper(values),
+               _step2;
 
-       function bindKey(parent, group, enter, update, exit, data, key) {
-         var i,
-             node,
-             nodeByKeyValue = {},
-             groupLength = group.length,
-             dataLength = data.length,
-             keyValues = new Array(groupLength),
-             keyValue;
+           try {
+             for (_iterator2.s(); !(_step2 = _iterator2.n()).done;) {
+               var _value = _step2.value;
 
-         // Compute the key for each node.
-         // If multiple nodes have the same key, the duplicates are added to exit.
-         for (i = 0; i < groupLength; ++i) {
-           if (node = group[i]) {
-             keyValues[i] = keyValue = keyPrefix + key.call(node, node.__data__, i, group);
-             if (keyValue in nodeByKeyValue) {
-               exit[i] = node;
-             } else {
-               nodeByKeyValue[keyValue] = node;
+               if ((_value = valueof(_value, ++index, values)) != null && (max < _value || max === undefined && _value >= _value)) {
+                 max = _value;
+               }
              }
+           } catch (err) {
+             _iterator2.e(err);
+           } finally {
+             _iterator2.f();
            }
          }
 
-         // Compute the key for each datum.
-         // If there a node associated with this key, join and add it to update.
-         // If there is not (or the key is a duplicate), add it to enter.
-         for (i = 0; i < dataLength; ++i) {
-           keyValue = keyPrefix + key.call(parent, data[i], i, data);
-           if (node = nodeByKeyValue[keyValue]) {
-             update[i] = node;
-             node.__data__ = data[i];
-             nodeByKeyValue[keyValue] = null;
-           } else {
-             enter[i] = new EnterNode(parent, data[i]);
-           }
-         }
-
-         // Add any remaining nodes that were not bound to data to exit.
-         for (i = 0; i < groupLength; ++i) {
-           if ((node = group[i]) && (nodeByKeyValue[keyValues[i]] === node)) {
-             exit[i] = node;
-           }
-         }
+         return max;
        }
 
-       function selection_data(value, key) {
-         if (!value) {
-           data = new Array(this.size()), j = -1;
-           this.each(function(d) { data[++j] = d; });
-           return data;
-         }
-
-         var bind = key ? bindKey : bindIndex,
-             parents = this._parents,
-             groups = this._groups;
-
-         if (typeof value !== "function") value = constant(value);
+       function min$2(values, valueof) {
+         var min;
 
-         for (var m = groups.length, update = new Array(m), enter = new Array(m), exit = new Array(m), j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
-           var parent = parents[j],
-               group = groups[j],
-               groupLength = group.length,
-               data = value.call(parent, parent && parent.__data__, j, parents),
-               dataLength = data.length,
-               enterGroup = enter[j] = new Array(dataLength),
-               updateGroup = update[j] = new Array(dataLength),
-               exitGroup = exit[j] = new Array(groupLength);
+         if (valueof === undefined) {
+           var _iterator = _createForOfIteratorHelper(values),
+               _step;
 
-           bind(parent, group, enterGroup, updateGroup, exitGroup, data, key);
+           try {
+             for (_iterator.s(); !(_step = _iterator.n()).done;) {
+               var value = _step.value;
 
-           // Now connect the enter nodes to their following update node, such that
-           // appendChild can insert the materialized enter node before this node,
-           // rather than at the end of the parent node.
-           for (var i0 = 0, i1 = 0, previous, next; i0 < dataLength; ++i0) {
-             if (previous = enterGroup[i0]) {
-               if (i0 >= i1) i1 = i0 + 1;
-               while (!(next = updateGroup[i1]) && ++i1 < dataLength);
-               previous._next = next || null;
+               if (value != null && (min > value || min === undefined && value >= value)) {
+                 min = value;
+               }
              }
+           } catch (err) {
+             _iterator.e(err);
+           } finally {
+             _iterator.f();
            }
-         }
-
-         update = new Selection(update, parents);
-         update._enter = enter;
-         update._exit = exit;
-         return update;
-       }
-
-       function selection_exit() {
-         return new Selection(this._exit || this._groups.map(sparse), this._parents);
-       }
+         } else {
+           var index = -1;
 
-       function selection_join(onenter, onupdate, onexit) {
-         var enter = this.enter(), update = this, exit = this.exit();
-         enter = typeof onenter === "function" ? onenter(enter) : enter.append(onenter + "");
-         if (onupdate != null) update = onupdate(update);
-         if (onexit == null) exit.remove(); else onexit(exit);
-         return enter && update ? enter.merge(update).order() : update;
-       }
+           var _iterator2 = _createForOfIteratorHelper(values),
+               _step2;
 
-       function selection_merge(selection) {
+           try {
+             for (_iterator2.s(); !(_step2 = _iterator2.n()).done;) {
+               var _value = _step2.value;
 
-         for (var groups0 = this._groups, groups1 = selection._groups, m0 = groups0.length, m1 = groups1.length, m = Math.min(m0, m1), merges = new Array(m0), j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
-           for (var group0 = groups0[j], group1 = groups1[j], n = group0.length, merge = merges[j] = new Array(n), node, i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-             if (node = group0[i] || group1[i]) {
-               merge[i] = node;
+               if ((_value = valueof(_value, ++index, values)) != null && (min > _value || min === undefined && _value >= _value)) {
+                 min = _value;
+               }
              }
+           } catch (err) {
+             _iterator2.e(err);
+           } finally {
+             _iterator2.f();
            }
          }
 
-         for (; j < m0; ++j) {
-           merges[j] = groups0[j];
-         }
-
-         return new Selection(merges, this._parents);
+         return min;
        }
 
-       function selection_order() {
+       // ISC license, Copyright 2018 Vladimir Agafonkin.
 
-         for (var groups = this._groups, j = -1, m = groups.length; ++j < m;) {
-           for (var group = groups[j], i = group.length - 1, next = group[i], node; --i >= 0;) {
-             if (node = group[i]) {
-               if (next && node.compareDocumentPosition(next) ^ 4) next.parentNode.insertBefore(node, next);
-               next = node;
-             }
+       function quickselect$2(array, k) {
+         var left = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : 0;
+         var right = arguments.length > 3 && arguments[3] !== undefined ? arguments[3] : array.length - 1;
+         var compare = arguments.length > 4 && arguments[4] !== undefined ? arguments[4] : d3_ascending;
+
+         while (right > left) {
+           if (right - left > 600) {
+             var n = right - left + 1;
+             var m = k - left + 1;
+             var z = Math.log(n);
+             var s = 0.5 * Math.exp(2 * z / 3);
+             var sd = 0.5 * Math.sqrt(z * s * (n - s) / n) * (m - n / 2 < 0 ? -1 : 1);
+             var newLeft = Math.max(left, Math.floor(k - m * s / n + sd));
+             var newRight = Math.min(right, Math.floor(k + (n - m) * s / n + sd));
+             quickselect$2(array, k, newLeft, newRight, compare);
            }
-         }
 
-         return this;
-       }
+           var t = array[k];
+           var i = left;
+           var j = right;
+           swap$1(array, left, k);
+           if (compare(array[right], t) > 0) swap$1(array, left, right);
 
-       function selection_sort(compare) {
-         if (!compare) compare = ascending;
+           while (i < j) {
+             swap$1(array, i, j), ++i, --j;
 
-         function compareNode(a, b) {
-           return a && b ? compare(a.__data__, b.__data__) : !a - !b;
-         }
+             while (compare(array[i], t) < 0) {
+               ++i;
+             }
 
-         for (var groups = this._groups, m = groups.length, sortgroups = new Array(m), j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
-           for (var group = groups[j], n = group.length, sortgroup = sortgroups[j] = new Array(n), node, i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-             if (node = group[i]) {
-               sortgroup[i] = node;
+             while (compare(array[j], t) > 0) {
+               --j;
              }
            }
-           sortgroup.sort(compareNode);
+
+           if (compare(array[left], t) === 0) swap$1(array, left, j);else ++j, swap$1(array, j, right);
+           if (j <= k) left = j + 1;
+           if (k <= j) right = j - 1;
          }
 
-         return new Selection(sortgroups, this._parents).order();
+         return array;
        }
 
-       function ascending(a, b) {
-         return a < b ? -1 : a > b ? 1 : a >= b ? 0 : NaN;
+       function swap$1(array, i, j) {
+         var t = array[i];
+         array[i] = array[j];
+         array[j] = t;
        }
 
-       function selection_call() {
-         var callback = arguments[0];
-         arguments[0] = this;
-         callback.apply(null, arguments);
-         return this;
+       function quantile(values, p, valueof) {
+         values = Float64Array.from(numbers(values, valueof));
+         if (!(n = values.length)) return;
+         if ((p = +p) <= 0 || n < 2) return min$2(values);
+         if (p >= 1) return max(values);
+         var n,
+             i = (n - 1) * p,
+             i0 = Math.floor(i),
+             value0 = max(quickselect$2(values, i0).subarray(0, i0 + 1)),
+             value1 = min$2(values.subarray(i0 + 1));
+         return value0 + (value1 - value0) * (i - i0);
        }
 
-       function selection_nodes() {
-         var nodes = new Array(this.size()), i = -1;
-         this.each(function() { nodes[++i] = this; });
-         return nodes;
+       function d3_median (values, valueof) {
+         return quantile(values, 0.5, valueof);
        }
 
-       function selection_node() {
+       var _marked$1 = /*#__PURE__*/regeneratorRuntime.mark(flatten);
 
-         for (var groups = this._groups, j = 0, m = groups.length; j < m; ++j) {
-           for (var group = groups[j], i = 0, n = group.length; i < n; ++i) {
-             var node = group[i];
-             if (node) return node;
-           }
-         }
+       function flatten(arrays) {
+         var _iterator, _step, array;
 
-         return null;
-       }
+         return regeneratorRuntime.wrap(function flatten$(_context) {
+           while (1) {
+             switch (_context.prev = _context.next) {
+               case 0:
+                 _iterator = _createForOfIteratorHelper(arrays);
+                 _context.prev = 1;
 
-       function selection_size() {
-         var size = 0;
-         this.each(function() { ++size; });
-         return size;
-       }
+                 _iterator.s();
 
-       function selection_empty() {
-         return !this.node();
-       }
+               case 3:
+                 if ((_step = _iterator.n()).done) {
+                   _context.next = 8;
+                   break;
+                 }
 
-       function selection_each(callback) {
+                 array = _step.value;
+                 return _context.delegateYield(array, "t0", 6);
 
-         for (var groups = this._groups, j = 0, m = groups.length; j < m; ++j) {
-           for (var group = groups[j], i = 0, n = group.length, node; i < n; ++i) {
-             if (node = group[i]) callback.call(node, node.__data__, i, group);
-           }
-         }
+               case 6:
+                 _context.next = 3;
+                 break;
 
-         return this;
-       }
+               case 8:
+                 _context.next = 13;
+                 break;
 
-       function attrRemove(name) {
-         return function() {
-           this.removeAttribute(name);
-         };
-       }
+               case 10:
+                 _context.prev = 10;
+                 _context.t1 = _context["catch"](1);
 
-       function attrRemoveNS(fullname) {
-         return function() {
-           this.removeAttributeNS(fullname.space, fullname.local);
-         };
-       }
+                 _iterator.e(_context.t1);
 
-       function attrConstant(name, value) {
-         return function() {
-           this.setAttribute(name, value);
-         };
-       }
+               case 13:
+                 _context.prev = 13;
 
-       function attrConstantNS(fullname, value) {
-         return function() {
-           this.setAttributeNS(fullname.space, fullname.local, value);
-         };
-       }
+                 _iterator.f();
 
-       function attrFunction(name, value) {
-         return function() {
-           var v = value.apply(this, arguments);
-           if (v == null) this.removeAttribute(name);
-           else this.setAttribute(name, v);
-         };
+                 return _context.finish(13);
+
+               case 16:
+               case "end":
+                 return _context.stop();
+             }
+           }
+         }, _marked$1, null, [[1, 10, 13, 16]]);
        }
 
-       function attrFunctionNS(fullname, value) {
-         return function() {
-           var v = value.apply(this, arguments);
-           if (v == null) this.removeAttributeNS(fullname.space, fullname.local);
-           else this.setAttributeNS(fullname.space, fullname.local, v);
-         };
+       function merge$4(arrays) {
+         return Array.from(flatten(arrays));
        }
 
-       function selection_attr(name, value) {
-         var fullname = namespace(name);
+       function range$1 (start, stop, step) {
+         start = +start, stop = +stop, step = (n = arguments.length) < 2 ? (stop = start, start = 0, 1) : n < 3 ? 1 : +step;
+         var i = -1,
+             n = Math.max(0, Math.ceil((stop - start) / step)) | 0,
+             range = new Array(n);
 
-         if (arguments.length < 2) {
-           var node = this.node();
-           return fullname.local
-               ? node.getAttributeNS(fullname.space, fullname.local)
-               : node.getAttribute(fullname);
+         while (++i < n) {
+           range[i] = start + i * step;
          }
 
-         return this.each((value == null
-             ? (fullname.local ? attrRemoveNS : attrRemove) : (typeof value === "function"
-             ? (fullname.local ? attrFunctionNS : attrFunction)
-             : (fullname.local ? attrConstantNS : attrConstant)))(fullname, value));
+         return range;
        }
 
-       function defaultView(node) {
-         return (node.ownerDocument && node.ownerDocument.defaultView) // node is a Node
-             || (node.document && node) // node is a Window
-             || node.defaultView; // node is a Document
-       }
+       // `SameValue` abstract operation
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-samevalue
+       // eslint-disable-next-line es/no-object-is -- safe
+       var sameValue = Object.is || function is(x, y) {
+         // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare -- NaN check
+         return x === y ? x !== 0 || 1 / x === 1 / y : x != x && y != y;
+       };
 
-       function styleRemove(name) {
-         return function() {
-           this.style.removeProperty(name);
-         };
-       }
+       // eslint-disable-next-line es/no-math-hypot -- required for testing
+       var $hypot = Math.hypot;
+       var abs$3 = Math.abs;
+       var sqrt$1 = Math.sqrt;
 
-       function styleConstant(name, value, priority) {
-         return function() {
-           this.style.setProperty(name, value, priority);
-         };
-       }
+       // Chrome 77 bug
+       // https://bugs.chromium.org/p/v8/issues/detail?id=9546
+       var BUGGY = !!$hypot && $hypot(Infinity, NaN) !== Infinity;
 
-       function styleFunction(name, value, priority) {
-         return function() {
-           var v = value.apply(this, arguments);
-           if (v == null) this.style.removeProperty(name);
-           else this.style.setProperty(name, v, priority);
-         };
-       }
+       // `Math.hypot` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-math.hypot
+       _export({ target: 'Math', stat: true, forced: BUGGY }, {
+         // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars -- required for `.length`
+         hypot: function hypot(value1, value2) {
+           var sum = 0;
+           var i = 0;
+           var aLen = arguments.length;
+           var larg = 0;
+           var arg, div;
+           while (i < aLen) {
+             arg = abs$3(arguments[i++]);
+             if (larg < arg) {
+               div = larg / arg;
+               sum = sum * div * div + 1;
+               larg = arg;
+             } else if (arg > 0) {
+               div = arg / larg;
+               sum += div * div;
+             } else sum += arg;
+           }
+           return larg === Infinity ? Infinity : larg * sqrt$1(sum);
+         }
+       });
 
-       function selection_style(name, value, priority) {
-         return arguments.length > 1
-             ? this.each((value == null
-                   ? styleRemove : typeof value === "function"
-                   ? styleFunction
-                   : styleConstant)(name, value, priority == null ? "" : priority))
-             : styleValue(this.node(), name);
-       }
+       // `Math.sign` method implementation
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-math.sign
+       // eslint-disable-next-line es/no-math-sign -- safe
+       var mathSign = Math.sign || function sign(x) {
+         // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare -- NaN check
+         return (x = +x) == 0 || x != x ? x : x < 0 ? -1 : 1;
+       };
 
-       function styleValue(node, name) {
-         return node.style.getPropertyValue(name)
-             || defaultView(node).getComputedStyle(node, null).getPropertyValue(name);
-       }
+       // `Math.sign` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-math.sign
+       _export({ target: 'Math', stat: true }, {
+         sign: mathSign
+       });
 
-       function propertyRemove(name) {
-         return function() {
-           delete this[name];
-         };
+       var epsilon$1 = 1e-6;
+       var epsilon2$1 = 1e-12;
+       var pi = Math.PI;
+       var halfPi = pi / 2;
+       var quarterPi = pi / 4;
+       var tau = pi * 2;
+       var degrees$1 = 180 / pi;
+       var radians = pi / 180;
+       var abs$2 = Math.abs;
+       var atan = Math.atan;
+       var atan2 = Math.atan2;
+       var cos = Math.cos;
+       var exp$2 = Math.exp;
+       var log$1 = Math.log;
+       var sin = Math.sin;
+       var sign = Math.sign || function (x) {
+         return x > 0 ? 1 : x < 0 ? -1 : 0;
+       };
+       var sqrt = Math.sqrt;
+       var tan = Math.tan;
+       function acos(x) {
+         return x > 1 ? 0 : x < -1 ? pi : Math.acos(x);
        }
-
-       function propertyConstant(name, value) {
-         return function() {
-           this[name] = value;
-         };
+       function asin(x) {
+         return x > 1 ? halfPi : x < -1 ? -halfPi : Math.asin(x);
        }
 
-       function propertyFunction(name, value) {
-         return function() {
-           var v = value.apply(this, arguments);
-           if (v == null) delete this[name];
-           else this[name] = v;
-         };
-       }
+       function noop$1() {}
 
-       function selection_property(name, value) {
-         return arguments.length > 1
-             ? this.each((value == null
-                 ? propertyRemove : typeof value === "function"
-                 ? propertyFunction
-                 : propertyConstant)(name, value))
-             : this.node()[name];
+       function streamGeometry(geometry, stream) {
+         if (geometry && streamGeometryType.hasOwnProperty(geometry.type)) {
+           streamGeometryType[geometry.type](geometry, stream);
+         }
        }
 
-       function classArray(string) {
-         return string.trim().split(/^|\s+/);
-       }
+       var streamObjectType = {
+         Feature: function Feature(object, stream) {
+           streamGeometry(object.geometry, stream);
+         },
+         FeatureCollection: function FeatureCollection(object, stream) {
+           var features = object.features,
+               i = -1,
+               n = features.length;
 
-       function classList(node) {
-         return node.classList || new ClassList(node);
-       }
+           while (++i < n) {
+             streamGeometry(features[i].geometry, stream);
+           }
+         }
+       };
+       var streamGeometryType = {
+         Sphere: function Sphere(object, stream) {
+           stream.sphere();
+         },
+         Point: function Point(object, stream) {
+           object = object.coordinates;
+           stream.point(object[0], object[1], object[2]);
+         },
+         MultiPoint: function MultiPoint(object, stream) {
+           var coordinates = object.coordinates,
+               i = -1,
+               n = coordinates.length;
 
-       function ClassList(node) {
-         this._node = node;
-         this._names = classArray(node.getAttribute("class") || "");
-       }
+           while (++i < n) {
+             object = coordinates[i], stream.point(object[0], object[1], object[2]);
+           }
+         },
+         LineString: function LineString(object, stream) {
+           streamLine(object.coordinates, stream, 0);
+         },
+         MultiLineString: function MultiLineString(object, stream) {
+           var coordinates = object.coordinates,
+               i = -1,
+               n = coordinates.length;
 
-       ClassList.prototype = {
-         add: function(name) {
-           var i = this._names.indexOf(name);
-           if (i < 0) {
-             this._names.push(name);
-             this._node.setAttribute("class", this._names.join(" "));
+           while (++i < n) {
+             streamLine(coordinates[i], stream, 0);
            }
          },
-         remove: function(name) {
-           var i = this._names.indexOf(name);
-           if (i >= 0) {
-             this._names.splice(i, 1);
-             this._node.setAttribute("class", this._names.join(" "));
+         Polygon: function Polygon(object, stream) {
+           streamPolygon(object.coordinates, stream);
+         },
+         MultiPolygon: function MultiPolygon(object, stream) {
+           var coordinates = object.coordinates,
+               i = -1,
+               n = coordinates.length;
+
+           while (++i < n) {
+             streamPolygon(coordinates[i], stream);
            }
          },
-         contains: function(name) {
-           return this._names.indexOf(name) >= 0;
+         GeometryCollection: function GeometryCollection(object, stream) {
+           var geometries = object.geometries,
+               i = -1,
+               n = geometries.length;
+
+           while (++i < n) {
+             streamGeometry(geometries[i], stream);
+           }
          }
        };
 
-       function classedAdd(node, names) {
-         var list = classList(node), i = -1, n = names.length;
-         while (++i < n) list.add(names[i]);
-       }
-
-       function classedRemove(node, names) {
-         var list = classList(node), i = -1, n = names.length;
-         while (++i < n) list.remove(names[i]);
-       }
-
-       function classedTrue(names) {
-         return function() {
-           classedAdd(this, names);
-         };
-       }
+       function streamLine(coordinates, stream, closed) {
+         var i = -1,
+             n = coordinates.length - closed,
+             coordinate;
+         stream.lineStart();
 
-       function classedFalse(names) {
-         return function() {
-           classedRemove(this, names);
-         };
-       }
+         while (++i < n) {
+           coordinate = coordinates[i], stream.point(coordinate[0], coordinate[1], coordinate[2]);
+         }
 
-       function classedFunction(names, value) {
-         return function() {
-           (value.apply(this, arguments) ? classedAdd : classedRemove)(this, names);
-         };
+         stream.lineEnd();
        }
 
-       function selection_classed(name, value) {
-         var names = classArray(name + "");
+       function streamPolygon(coordinates, stream) {
+         var i = -1,
+             n = coordinates.length;
+         stream.polygonStart();
 
-         if (arguments.length < 2) {
-           var list = classList(this.node()), i = -1, n = names.length;
-           while (++i < n) if (!list.contains(names[i])) return false;
-           return true;
+         while (++i < n) {
+           streamLine(coordinates[i], stream, 1);
          }
 
-         return this.each((typeof value === "function"
-             ? classedFunction : value
-             ? classedTrue
-             : classedFalse)(names, value));
+         stream.polygonEnd();
        }
 
-       function textRemove() {
-         this.textContent = "";
+       function d3_geoStream (object, stream) {
+         if (object && streamObjectType.hasOwnProperty(object.type)) {
+           streamObjectType[object.type](object, stream);
+         } else {
+           streamGeometry(object, stream);
+         }
        }
 
-       function textConstant(value) {
-         return function() {
-           this.textContent = value;
-         };
-       }
+       var areaRingSum$1 = new Adder(); // hello?
 
-       function textFunction(value) {
-         return function() {
-           var v = value.apply(this, arguments);
-           this.textContent = v == null ? "" : v;
-         };
-       }
+       var areaSum$1 = new Adder(),
+           lambda00$1,
+           phi00$1,
+           lambda0$2,
+           cosPhi0$1,
+           sinPhi0$1;
+       var areaStream$1 = {
+         point: noop$1,
+         lineStart: noop$1,
+         lineEnd: noop$1,
+         polygonStart: function polygonStart() {
+           areaRingSum$1 = new Adder();
+           areaStream$1.lineStart = areaRingStart$1;
+           areaStream$1.lineEnd = areaRingEnd$1;
+         },
+         polygonEnd: function polygonEnd() {
+           var areaRing = +areaRingSum$1;
+           areaSum$1.add(areaRing < 0 ? tau + areaRing : areaRing);
+           this.lineStart = this.lineEnd = this.point = noop$1;
+         },
+         sphere: function sphere() {
+           areaSum$1.add(tau);
+         }
+       };
 
-       function selection_text(value) {
-         return arguments.length
-             ? this.each(value == null
-                 ? textRemove : (typeof value === "function"
-                 ? textFunction
-                 : textConstant)(value))
-             : this.node().textContent;
+       function areaRingStart$1() {
+         areaStream$1.point = areaPointFirst$1;
        }
 
-       function htmlRemove() {
-         this.innerHTML = "";
+       function areaRingEnd$1() {
+         areaPoint$1(lambda00$1, phi00$1);
        }
 
-       function htmlConstant(value) {
-         return function() {
-           this.innerHTML = value;
-         };
+       function areaPointFirst$1(lambda, phi) {
+         areaStream$1.point = areaPoint$1;
+         lambda00$1 = lambda, phi00$1 = phi;
+         lambda *= radians, phi *= radians;
+         lambda0$2 = lambda, cosPhi0$1 = cos(phi = phi / 2 + quarterPi), sinPhi0$1 = sin(phi);
        }
 
-       function htmlFunction(value) {
-         return function() {
-           var v = value.apply(this, arguments);
-           this.innerHTML = v == null ? "" : v;
-         };
-       }
+       function areaPoint$1(lambda, phi) {
+         lambda *= radians, phi *= radians;
+         phi = phi / 2 + quarterPi; // half the angular distance from south pole
+         // Spherical excess E for a spherical triangle with vertices: south pole,
+         // previous point, current point.  Uses a formula derived from Cagnoli’s
+         // theorem.  See Todhunter, Spherical Trig. (1871), Sec. 103, Eq. (2).
 
-       function selection_html(value) {
-         return arguments.length
-             ? this.each(value == null
-                 ? htmlRemove : (typeof value === "function"
-                 ? htmlFunction
-                 : htmlConstant)(value))
-             : this.node().innerHTML;
-       }
+         var dLambda = lambda - lambda0$2,
+             sdLambda = dLambda >= 0 ? 1 : -1,
+             adLambda = sdLambda * dLambda,
+             cosPhi = cos(phi),
+             sinPhi = sin(phi),
+             k = sinPhi0$1 * sinPhi,
+             u = cosPhi0$1 * cosPhi + k * cos(adLambda),
+             v = k * sdLambda * sin(adLambda);
+         areaRingSum$1.add(atan2(v, u)); // Advance the previous points.
 
-       function raise() {
-         if (this.nextSibling) this.parentNode.appendChild(this);
+         lambda0$2 = lambda, cosPhi0$1 = cosPhi, sinPhi0$1 = sinPhi;
        }
 
-       function selection_raise() {
-         return this.each(raise);
+       function d3_geoArea (object) {
+         areaSum$1 = new Adder();
+         d3_geoStream(object, areaStream$1);
+         return areaSum$1 * 2;
        }
 
-       function lower() {
-         if (this.previousSibling) this.parentNode.insertBefore(this, this.parentNode.firstChild);
+       function spherical(cartesian) {
+         return [atan2(cartesian[1], cartesian[0]), asin(cartesian[2])];
        }
-
-       function selection_lower() {
-         return this.each(lower);
+       function cartesian(spherical) {
+         var lambda = spherical[0],
+             phi = spherical[1],
+             cosPhi = cos(phi);
+         return [cosPhi * cos(lambda), cosPhi * sin(lambda), sin(phi)];
        }
-
-       function selection_append(name) {
-         var create = typeof name === "function" ? name : creator(name);
-         return this.select(function() {
-           return this.appendChild(create.apply(this, arguments));
-         });
+       function cartesianDot(a, b) {
+         return a[0] * b[0] + a[1] * b[1] + a[2] * b[2];
        }
+       function cartesianCross(a, b) {
+         return [a[1] * b[2] - a[2] * b[1], a[2] * b[0] - a[0] * b[2], a[0] * b[1] - a[1] * b[0]];
+       } // TODO return a
 
-       function constantNull() {
-         return null;
+       function cartesianAddInPlace(a, b) {
+         a[0] += b[0], a[1] += b[1], a[2] += b[2];
        }
+       function cartesianScale(vector, k) {
+         return [vector[0] * k, vector[1] * k, vector[2] * k];
+       } // TODO return d
 
-       function selection_insert(name, before) {
-         var create = typeof name === "function" ? name : creator(name),
-             select = before == null ? constantNull : typeof before === "function" ? before : selector(before);
-         return this.select(function() {
-           return this.insertBefore(create.apply(this, arguments), select.apply(this, arguments) || null);
-         });
+       function cartesianNormalizeInPlace(d) {
+         var l = sqrt(d[0] * d[0] + d[1] * d[1] + d[2] * d[2]);
+         d[0] /= l, d[1] /= l, d[2] /= l;
        }
 
-       function remove() {
-         var parent = this.parentNode;
-         if (parent) parent.removeChild(this);
-       }
+       var lambda0$1, phi0, lambda1, phi1, // bounds
+       lambda2, // previous lambda-coordinate
+       lambda00, phi00, // first point
+       p0, // previous 3D point
+       deltaSum, ranges, range;
+       var boundsStream$1 = {
+         point: boundsPoint$1,
+         lineStart: boundsLineStart,
+         lineEnd: boundsLineEnd,
+         polygonStart: function polygonStart() {
+           boundsStream$1.point = boundsRingPoint;
+           boundsStream$1.lineStart = boundsRingStart;
+           boundsStream$1.lineEnd = boundsRingEnd;
+           deltaSum = new Adder();
+           areaStream$1.polygonStart();
+         },
+         polygonEnd: function polygonEnd() {
+           areaStream$1.polygonEnd();
+           boundsStream$1.point = boundsPoint$1;
+           boundsStream$1.lineStart = boundsLineStart;
+           boundsStream$1.lineEnd = boundsLineEnd;
+           if (areaRingSum$1 < 0) lambda0$1 = -(lambda1 = 180), phi0 = -(phi1 = 90);else if (deltaSum > epsilon$1) phi1 = 90;else if (deltaSum < -epsilon$1) phi0 = -90;
+           range[0] = lambda0$1, range[1] = lambda1;
+         },
+         sphere: function sphere() {
+           lambda0$1 = -(lambda1 = 180), phi0 = -(phi1 = 90);
+         }
+       };
 
-       function selection_remove() {
-         return this.each(remove);
+       function boundsPoint$1(lambda, phi) {
+         ranges.push(range = [lambda0$1 = lambda, lambda1 = lambda]);
+         if (phi < phi0) phi0 = phi;
+         if (phi > phi1) phi1 = phi;
        }
 
-       function selection_cloneShallow() {
-         var clone = this.cloneNode(false), parent = this.parentNode;
-         return parent ? parent.insertBefore(clone, this.nextSibling) : clone;
-       }
+       function linePoint(lambda, phi) {
+         var p = cartesian([lambda * radians, phi * radians]);
 
-       function selection_cloneDeep() {
-         var clone = this.cloneNode(true), parent = this.parentNode;
-         return parent ? parent.insertBefore(clone, this.nextSibling) : clone;
-       }
+         if (p0) {
+           var normal = cartesianCross(p0, p),
+               equatorial = [normal[1], -normal[0], 0],
+               inflection = cartesianCross(equatorial, normal);
+           cartesianNormalizeInPlace(inflection);
+           inflection = spherical(inflection);
+           var delta = lambda - lambda2,
+               sign = delta > 0 ? 1 : -1,
+               lambdai = inflection[0] * degrees$1 * sign,
+               phii,
+               antimeridian = abs$2(delta) > 180;
 
-       function selection_clone(deep) {
-         return this.select(deep ? selection_cloneDeep : selection_cloneShallow);
-       }
+           if (antimeridian ^ (sign * lambda2 < lambdai && lambdai < sign * lambda)) {
+             phii = inflection[1] * degrees$1;
+             if (phii > phi1) phi1 = phii;
+           } else if (lambdai = (lambdai + 360) % 360 - 180, antimeridian ^ (sign * lambda2 < lambdai && lambdai < sign * lambda)) {
+             phii = -inflection[1] * degrees$1;
+             if (phii < phi0) phi0 = phii;
+           } else {
+             if (phi < phi0) phi0 = phi;
+             if (phi > phi1) phi1 = phi;
+           }
+
+           if (antimeridian) {
+             if (lambda < lambda2) {
+               if (angle(lambda0$1, lambda) > angle(lambda0$1, lambda1)) lambda1 = lambda;
+             } else {
+               if (angle(lambda, lambda1) > angle(lambda0$1, lambda1)) lambda0$1 = lambda;
+             }
+           } else {
+             if (lambda1 >= lambda0$1) {
+               if (lambda < lambda0$1) lambda0$1 = lambda;
+               if (lambda > lambda1) lambda1 = lambda;
+             } else {
+               if (lambda > lambda2) {
+                 if (angle(lambda0$1, lambda) > angle(lambda0$1, lambda1)) lambda1 = lambda;
+               } else {
+                 if (angle(lambda, lambda1) > angle(lambda0$1, lambda1)) lambda0$1 = lambda;
+               }
+             }
+           }
+         } else {
+           ranges.push(range = [lambda0$1 = lambda, lambda1 = lambda]);
+         }
 
-       function selection_datum(value) {
-         return arguments.length
-             ? this.property("__data__", value)
-             : this.node().__data__;
+         if (phi < phi0) phi0 = phi;
+         if (phi > phi1) phi1 = phi;
+         p0 = p, lambda2 = lambda;
        }
 
-       var filterEvents = {};
+       function boundsLineStart() {
+         boundsStream$1.point = linePoint;
+       }
 
-       var event = null;
+       function boundsLineEnd() {
+         range[0] = lambda0$1, range[1] = lambda1;
+         boundsStream$1.point = boundsPoint$1;
+         p0 = null;
+       }
 
-       if (typeof document !== "undefined") {
-         var element = document.documentElement;
-         if (!("onmouseenter" in element)) {
-           filterEvents = {mouseenter: "mouseover", mouseleave: "mouseout"};
+       function boundsRingPoint(lambda, phi) {
+         if (p0) {
+           var delta = lambda - lambda2;
+           deltaSum.add(abs$2(delta) > 180 ? delta + (delta > 0 ? 360 : -360) : delta);
+         } else {
+           lambda00 = lambda, phi00 = phi;
          }
-       }
 
-       function filterContextListener(listener, index, group) {
-         listener = contextListener(listener, index, group);
-         return function(event) {
-           var related = event.relatedTarget;
-           if (!related || (related !== this && !(related.compareDocumentPosition(this) & 8))) {
-             listener.call(this, event);
-           }
-         };
+         areaStream$1.point(lambda, phi);
+         linePoint(lambda, phi);
        }
 
-       function contextListener(listener, index, group) {
-         return function(event1) {
-           var event0 = event; // Events can be reentrant (e.g., focus).
-           event = event1;
-           try {
-             listener.call(this, this.__data__, index, group);
-           } finally {
-             event = event0;
-           }
-         };
+       function boundsRingStart() {
+         areaStream$1.lineStart();
        }
 
-       function parseTypenames$1(typenames) {
-         return typenames.trim().split(/^|\s+/).map(function(t) {
-           var name = "", i = t.indexOf(".");
-           if (i >= 0) name = t.slice(i + 1), t = t.slice(0, i);
-           return {type: t, name: name};
-         });
+       function boundsRingEnd() {
+         boundsRingPoint(lambda00, phi00);
+         areaStream$1.lineEnd();
+         if (abs$2(deltaSum) > epsilon$1) lambda0$1 = -(lambda1 = 180);
+         range[0] = lambda0$1, range[1] = lambda1;
+         p0 = null;
+       } // Finds the left-right distance between two longitudes.
+       // This is almost the same as (lambda1 - lambda0 + 360°) % 360°, except that we want
+       // the distance between ±180° to be 360°.
+
+
+       function angle(lambda0, lambda1) {
+         return (lambda1 -= lambda0) < 0 ? lambda1 + 360 : lambda1;
        }
 
-       function onRemove(typename) {
-         return function() {
-           var on = this.__on;
-           if (!on) return;
-           for (var j = 0, i = -1, m = on.length, o; j < m; ++j) {
-             if (o = on[j], (!typename.type || o.type === typename.type) && o.name === typename.name) {
-               this.removeEventListener(o.type, o.listener, o.capture);
-             } else {
-               on[++i] = o;
-             }
-           }
-           if (++i) on.length = i;
-           else delete this.__on;
-         };
+       function rangeCompare(a, b) {
+         return a[0] - b[0];
        }
 
-       function onAdd(typename, value, capture) {
-         var wrap = filterEvents.hasOwnProperty(typename.type) ? filterContextListener : contextListener;
-         return function(d, i, group) {
-           var on = this.__on, o, listener = wrap(value, i, group);
-           if (on) for (var j = 0, m = on.length; j < m; ++j) {
-             if ((o = on[j]).type === typename.type && o.name === typename.name) {
-               this.removeEventListener(o.type, o.listener, o.capture);
-               this.addEventListener(o.type, o.listener = listener, o.capture = capture);
-               o.value = value;
-               return;
-             }
-           }
-           this.addEventListener(typename.type, listener, capture);
-           o = {type: typename.type, name: typename.name, value: value, listener: listener, capture: capture};
-           if (!on) this.__on = [o];
-           else on.push(o);
-         };
+       function rangeContains(range, x) {
+         return range[0] <= range[1] ? range[0] <= x && x <= range[1] : x < range[0] || range[1] < x;
        }
 
-       function selection_on(typename, value, capture) {
-         var typenames = parseTypenames$1(typename + ""), i, n = typenames.length, t;
+       function d3_geoBounds (feature) {
+         var i, n, a, b, merged, deltaMax, delta;
+         phi1 = lambda1 = -(lambda0$1 = phi0 = Infinity);
+         ranges = [];
+         d3_geoStream(feature, boundsStream$1); // First, sort ranges by their minimum longitudes.
 
-         if (arguments.length < 2) {
-           var on = this.node().__on;
-           if (on) for (var j = 0, m = on.length, o; j < m; ++j) {
-             for (i = 0, o = on[j]; i < n; ++i) {
-               if ((t = typenames[i]).type === o.type && t.name === o.name) {
-                 return o.value;
-               }
-             }
-           }
-           return;
-         }
+         if (n = ranges.length) {
+           ranges.sort(rangeCompare); // Then, merge any ranges that overlap.
 
-         on = value ? onAdd : onRemove;
-         if (capture == null) capture = false;
-         for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) this.each(on(typenames[i], value, capture));
-         return this;
-       }
+           for (i = 1, a = ranges[0], merged = [a]; i < n; ++i) {
+             b = ranges[i];
 
-       function customEvent(event1, listener, that, args) {
-         var event0 = event;
-         event1.sourceEvent = event;
-         event = event1;
-         try {
-           return listener.apply(that, args);
-         } finally {
-           event = event0;
-         }
-       }
+             if (rangeContains(a, b[0]) || rangeContains(a, b[1])) {
+               if (angle(a[0], b[1]) > angle(a[0], a[1])) a[1] = b[1];
+               if (angle(b[0], a[1]) > angle(a[0], a[1])) a[0] = b[0];
+             } else {
+               merged.push(a = b);
+             }
+           } // Finally, find the largest gap between the merged ranges.
+           // The final bounding box will be the inverse of this gap.
 
-       function dispatchEvent(node, type, params) {
-         var window = defaultView(node),
-             event = window.CustomEvent;
 
-         if (typeof event === "function") {
-           event = new event(type, params);
-         } else {
-           event = window.document.createEvent("Event");
-           if (params) event.initEvent(type, params.bubbles, params.cancelable), event.detail = params.detail;
-           else event.initEvent(type, false, false);
+           for (deltaMax = -Infinity, n = merged.length - 1, i = 0, a = merged[n]; i <= n; a = b, ++i) {
+             b = merged[i];
+             if ((delta = angle(a[1], b[0])) > deltaMax) deltaMax = delta, lambda0$1 = b[0], lambda1 = a[1];
+           }
          }
 
-         node.dispatchEvent(event);
+         ranges = range = null;
+         return lambda0$1 === Infinity || phi0 === Infinity ? [[NaN, NaN], [NaN, NaN]] : [[lambda0$1, phi0], [lambda1, phi1]];
        }
 
-       function dispatchConstant(type, params) {
-         return function() {
-           return dispatchEvent(this, type, params);
-         };
-       }
+       function compose (a, b) {
+         function compose(x, y) {
+           return x = a(x, y), b(x[0], x[1]);
+         }
 
-       function dispatchFunction(type, params) {
-         return function() {
-           return dispatchEvent(this, type, params.apply(this, arguments));
+         if (a.invert && b.invert) compose.invert = function (x, y) {
+           return x = b.invert(x, y), x && a.invert(x[0], x[1]);
          };
+         return compose;
        }
 
-       function selection_dispatch(type, params) {
-         return this.each((typeof params === "function"
-             ? dispatchFunction
-             : dispatchConstant)(type, params));
-       }
-
-       var root$1 = [null];
-
-       function Selection(groups, parents) {
-         this._groups = groups;
-         this._parents = parents;
+       function rotationIdentity(lambda, phi) {
+         return [abs$2(lambda) > pi ? lambda + Math.round(-lambda / tau) * tau : lambda, phi];
        }
 
-       function selection() {
-         return new Selection([[document.documentElement]], root$1);
+       rotationIdentity.invert = rotationIdentity;
+       function rotateRadians(deltaLambda, deltaPhi, deltaGamma) {
+         return (deltaLambda %= tau) ? deltaPhi || deltaGamma ? compose(rotationLambda(deltaLambda), rotationPhiGamma(deltaPhi, deltaGamma)) : rotationLambda(deltaLambda) : deltaPhi || deltaGamma ? rotationPhiGamma(deltaPhi, deltaGamma) : rotationIdentity;
        }
 
-       Selection.prototype = selection.prototype = {
-         constructor: Selection,
-         select: selection_select,
-         selectAll: selection_selectAll,
-         filter: selection_filter,
-         data: selection_data,
-         enter: selection_enter,
-         exit: selection_exit,
-         join: selection_join,
-         merge: selection_merge,
-         order: selection_order,
-         sort: selection_sort,
-         call: selection_call,
-         nodes: selection_nodes,
-         node: selection_node,
-         size: selection_size,
-         empty: selection_empty,
-         each: selection_each,
-         attr: selection_attr,
-         style: selection_style,
-         property: selection_property,
-         classed: selection_classed,
-         text: selection_text,
-         html: selection_html,
-         raise: selection_raise,
-         lower: selection_lower,
-         append: selection_append,
-         insert: selection_insert,
-         remove: selection_remove,
-         clone: selection_clone,
-         datum: selection_datum,
-         on: selection_on,
-         dispatch: selection_dispatch
-       };
-
-       function select(selector) {
-         return typeof selector === "string"
-             ? new Selection([[document.querySelector(selector)]], [document.documentElement])
-             : new Selection([[selector]], root$1);
+       function forwardRotationLambda(deltaLambda) {
+         return function (lambda, phi) {
+           return lambda += deltaLambda, [lambda > pi ? lambda - tau : lambda < -pi ? lambda + tau : lambda, phi];
+         };
        }
 
-       function sourceEvent() {
-         var current = event, source;
-         while (source = current.sourceEvent) current = source;
-         return current;
+       function rotationLambda(deltaLambda) {
+         var rotation = forwardRotationLambda(deltaLambda);
+         rotation.invert = forwardRotationLambda(-deltaLambda);
+         return rotation;
        }
 
-       function point(node, event) {
-         var svg = node.ownerSVGElement || node;
+       function rotationPhiGamma(deltaPhi, deltaGamma) {
+         var cosDeltaPhi = cos(deltaPhi),
+             sinDeltaPhi = sin(deltaPhi),
+             cosDeltaGamma = cos(deltaGamma),
+             sinDeltaGamma = sin(deltaGamma);
 
-         if (svg.createSVGPoint) {
-           var point = svg.createSVGPoint();
-           point.x = event.clientX, point.y = event.clientY;
-           point = point.matrixTransform(node.getScreenCTM().inverse());
-           return [point.x, point.y];
+         function rotation(lambda, phi) {
+           var cosPhi = cos(phi),
+               x = cos(lambda) * cosPhi,
+               y = sin(lambda) * cosPhi,
+               z = sin(phi),
+               k = z * cosDeltaPhi + x * sinDeltaPhi;
+           return [atan2(y * cosDeltaGamma - k * sinDeltaGamma, x * cosDeltaPhi - z * sinDeltaPhi), asin(k * cosDeltaGamma + y * sinDeltaGamma)];
          }
 
-         var rect = node.getBoundingClientRect();
-         return [event.clientX - rect.left - node.clientLeft, event.clientY - rect.top - node.clientTop];
-       }
-
-       function mouse(node) {
-         var event = sourceEvent();
-         if (event.changedTouches) event = event.changedTouches[0];
-         return point(node, event);
-       }
+         rotation.invert = function (lambda, phi) {
+           var cosPhi = cos(phi),
+               x = cos(lambda) * cosPhi,
+               y = sin(lambda) * cosPhi,
+               z = sin(phi),
+               k = z * cosDeltaGamma - y * sinDeltaGamma;
+           return [atan2(y * cosDeltaGamma + z * sinDeltaGamma, x * cosDeltaPhi + k * sinDeltaPhi), asin(k * cosDeltaPhi - x * sinDeltaPhi)];
+         };
 
-       function selectAll(selector) {
-         return typeof selector === "string"
-             ? new Selection([document.querySelectorAll(selector)], [document.documentElement])
-             : new Selection([selector == null ? [] : selector], root$1);
+         return rotation;
        }
 
-       function touch(node, touches, identifier) {
-         if (arguments.length < 3) identifier = touches, touches = sourceEvent().changedTouches;
+       function rotation (rotate) {
+         rotate = rotateRadians(rotate[0] * radians, rotate[1] * radians, rotate.length > 2 ? rotate[2] * radians : 0);
 
-         for (var i = 0, n = touches ? touches.length : 0, touch; i < n; ++i) {
-           if ((touch = touches[i]).identifier === identifier) {
-             return point(node, touch);
-           }
+         function forward(coordinates) {
+           coordinates = rotate(coordinates[0] * radians, coordinates[1] * radians);
+           return coordinates[0] *= degrees$1, coordinates[1] *= degrees$1, coordinates;
          }
 
-         return null;
-       }
+         forward.invert = function (coordinates) {
+           coordinates = rotate.invert(coordinates[0] * radians, coordinates[1] * radians);
+           return coordinates[0] *= degrees$1, coordinates[1] *= degrees$1, coordinates;
+         };
 
-       function nopropagation() {
-         event.stopImmediatePropagation();
+         return forward;
        }
 
-       function noevent() {
-         event.preventDefault();
-         event.stopImmediatePropagation();
-       }
+       function circleStream(stream, radius, delta, direction, t0, t1) {
+         if (!delta) return;
+         var cosRadius = cos(radius),
+             sinRadius = sin(radius),
+             step = direction * delta;
 
-       function dragDisable(view) {
-         var root = view.document.documentElement,
-             selection = select(view).on("dragstart.drag", noevent, true);
-         if ("onselectstart" in root) {
-           selection.on("selectstart.drag", noevent, true);
+         if (t0 == null) {
+           t0 = radius + direction * tau;
+           t1 = radius - step / 2;
          } else {
-           root.__noselect = root.style.MozUserSelect;
-           root.style.MozUserSelect = "none";
+           t0 = circleRadius(cosRadius, t0);
+           t1 = circleRadius(cosRadius, t1);
+           if (direction > 0 ? t0 < t1 : t0 > t1) t0 += direction * tau;
          }
-       }
 
-       function yesdrag(view, noclick) {
-         var root = view.document.documentElement,
-             selection = select(view).on("dragstart.drag", null);
-         if (noclick) {
-           selection.on("click.drag", noevent, true);
-           setTimeout(function() { selection.on("click.drag", null); }, 0);
-         }
-         if ("onselectstart" in root) {
-           selection.on("selectstart.drag", null);
-         } else {
-           root.style.MozUserSelect = root.__noselect;
-           delete root.__noselect;
+         for (var point, t = t0; direction > 0 ? t > t1 : t < t1; t -= step) {
+           point = spherical([cosRadius, -sinRadius * cos(t), -sinRadius * sin(t)]);
+           stream.point(point[0], point[1]);
          }
-       }
+       } // Returns the signed angle of a cartesian point relative to [cosRadius, 0, 0].
 
-       function constant$1(x) {
-         return function() {
-           return x;
-         };
-       }
-
-       function DragEvent(target, type, subject, id, active, x, y, dx, dy, dispatch) {
-         this.target = target;
-         this.type = type;
-         this.subject = subject;
-         this.identifier = id;
-         this.active = active;
-         this.x = x;
-         this.y = y;
-         this.dx = dx;
-         this.dy = dy;
-         this._ = dispatch;
+       function circleRadius(cosRadius, point) {
+         point = cartesian(point), point[0] -= cosRadius;
+         cartesianNormalizeInPlace(point);
+         var radius = acos(-point[1]);
+         return ((-point[2] < 0 ? -radius : radius) + tau - epsilon$1) % tau;
        }
 
-       DragEvent.prototype.on = function() {
-         var value = this._.on.apply(this._, arguments);
-         return value === this._ ? this : value;
-       };
-
-       // Ignore right-click, since that should open the context menu.
-       function defaultFilter() {
-         return !event.ctrlKey && !event.button;
+       function clipBuffer () {
+         var lines = [],
+             line;
+         return {
+           point: function point(x, y, m) {
+             line.push([x, y, m]);
+           },
+           lineStart: function lineStart() {
+             lines.push(line = []);
+           },
+           lineEnd: noop$1,
+           rejoin: function rejoin() {
+             if (lines.length > 1) lines.push(lines.pop().concat(lines.shift()));
+           },
+           result: function result() {
+             var result = lines;
+             lines = [];
+             line = null;
+             return result;
+           }
+         };
        }
 
-       function defaultContainer() {
-         return this.parentNode;
+       function pointEqual (a, b) {
+         return abs$2(a[0] - b[0]) < epsilon$1 && abs$2(a[1] - b[1]) < epsilon$1;
        }
 
-       function defaultSubject(d) {
-         return d == null ? {x: event.x, y: event.y} : d;
-       }
+       function Intersection(point, points, other, entry) {
+         this.x = point;
+         this.z = points;
+         this.o = other; // another intersection
 
-       function defaultTouchable() {
-         return navigator.maxTouchPoints || ("ontouchstart" in this);
-       }
+         this.e = entry; // is an entry?
 
-       function d3_drag() {
-         var filter = defaultFilter,
-             container = defaultContainer,
-             subject = defaultSubject,
-             touchable = defaultTouchable,
-             gestures = {},
-             listeners = dispatch("start", "drag", "end"),
-             active = 0,
-             mousedownx,
-             mousedowny,
-             mousemoving,
-             touchending,
-             clickDistance2 = 0;
+         this.v = false; // visited
 
-         function drag(selection) {
-           selection
-               .on("mousedown.drag", mousedowned)
-             .filter(touchable)
-               .on("touchstart.drag", touchstarted)
-               .on("touchmove.drag", touchmoved)
-               .on("touchend.drag touchcancel.drag", touchended)
-               .style("touch-action", "none")
-               .style("-webkit-tap-highlight-color", "rgba(0,0,0,0)");
-         }
+         this.n = this.p = null; // next & previous
+       } // A generalized polygon clipping algorithm: given a polygon that has been cut
+       // into its visible line segments, and rejoins the segments by interpolating
+       // along the clip edge.
 
-         function mousedowned() {
-           if (touchending || !filter.apply(this, arguments)) return;
-           var gesture = beforestart("mouse", container.apply(this, arguments), mouse, this, arguments);
-           if (!gesture) return;
-           select(event.view).on("mousemove.drag", mousemoved, true).on("mouseup.drag", mouseupped, true);
-           dragDisable(event.view);
-           nopropagation();
-           mousemoving = false;
-           mousedownx = event.clientX;
-           mousedowny = event.clientY;
-           gesture("start");
-         }
 
-         function mousemoved() {
-           noevent();
-           if (!mousemoving) {
-             var dx = event.clientX - mousedownx, dy = event.clientY - mousedowny;
-             mousemoving = dx * dx + dy * dy > clickDistance2;
-           }
-           gestures.mouse("drag");
-         }
+       function clipRejoin (segments, compareIntersection, startInside, interpolate, stream) {
+         var subject = [],
+             clip = [],
+             i,
+             n;
+         segments.forEach(function (segment) {
+           if ((n = segment.length - 1) <= 0) return;
+           var n,
+               p0 = segment[0],
+               p1 = segment[n],
+               x;
 
-         function mouseupped() {
-           select(event.view).on("mousemove.drag mouseup.drag", null);
-           yesdrag(event.view, mousemoving);
-           noevent();
-           gestures.mouse("end");
-         }
+           if (pointEqual(p0, p1)) {
+             if (!p0[2] && !p1[2]) {
+               stream.lineStart();
 
-         function touchstarted() {
-           if (!filter.apply(this, arguments)) return;
-           var touches = event.changedTouches,
-               c = container.apply(this, arguments),
-               n = touches.length, i, gesture;
+               for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+                 stream.point((p0 = segment[i])[0], p0[1]);
+               }
 
-           for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-             if (gesture = beforestart(touches[i].identifier, c, touch, this, arguments)) {
-               nopropagation();
-               gesture("start");
-             }
-           }
-         }
+               stream.lineEnd();
+               return;
+             } // handle degenerate cases by moving the point
 
-         function touchmoved() {
-           var touches = event.changedTouches,
-               n = touches.length, i, gesture;
 
-           for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-             if (gesture = gestures[touches[i].identifier]) {
-               noevent();
-               gesture("drag");
-             }
+             p1[0] += 2 * epsilon$1;
            }
-         }
 
-         function touchended() {
-           var touches = event.changedTouches,
-               n = touches.length, i, gesture;
+           subject.push(x = new Intersection(p0, segment, null, true));
+           clip.push(x.o = new Intersection(p0, null, x, false));
+           subject.push(x = new Intersection(p1, segment, null, false));
+           clip.push(x.o = new Intersection(p1, null, x, true));
+         });
+         if (!subject.length) return;
+         clip.sort(compareIntersection);
+         link(subject);
+         link(clip);
 
-           if (touchending) clearTimeout(touchending);
-           touchending = setTimeout(function() { touchending = null; }, 500); // Ghost clicks are delayed!
-           for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-             if (gesture = gestures[touches[i].identifier]) {
-               nopropagation();
-               gesture("end");
-             }
-           }
+         for (i = 0, n = clip.length; i < n; ++i) {
+           clip[i].e = startInside = !startInside;
          }
 
-         function beforestart(id, container, point, that, args) {
-           var p = point(container, id), s, dx, dy,
-               sublisteners = listeners.copy();
-
-           if (!customEvent(new DragEvent(drag, "beforestart", s, id, active, p[0], p[1], 0, 0, sublisteners), function() {
-             if ((event.subject = s = subject.apply(that, args)) == null) return false;
-             dx = s.x - p[0] || 0;
-             dy = s.y - p[1] || 0;
-             return true;
-           })) return;
+         var start = subject[0],
+             points,
+             point;
 
-           return function gesture(type) {
-             var p0 = p, n;
-             switch (type) {
-               case "start": gestures[id] = gesture, n = active++; break;
-               case "end": delete gestures[id], --active; // nobreak
-               case "drag": p = point(container, id), n = active; break;
-             }
-             customEvent(new DragEvent(drag, type, s, id, n, p[0] + dx, p[1] + dy, p[0] - p0[0], p[1] - p0[1], sublisteners), sublisteners.apply, sublisteners, [type, that, args]);
-           };
-         }
+         while (1) {
+           // Find first unvisited intersection.
+           var current = start,
+               isSubject = true;
 
-         drag.filter = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (filter = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$1(!!_), drag) : filter;
-         };
+           while (current.v) {
+             if ((current = current.n) === start) return;
+           }
 
-         drag.container = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (container = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$1(_), drag) : container;
-         };
+           points = current.z;
+           stream.lineStart();
 
-         drag.subject = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (subject = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$1(_), drag) : subject;
-         };
+           do {
+             current.v = current.o.v = true;
 
-         drag.touchable = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (touchable = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$1(!!_), drag) : touchable;
-         };
+             if (current.e) {
+               if (isSubject) {
+                 for (i = 0, n = points.length; i < n; ++i) {
+                   stream.point((point = points[i])[0], point[1]);
+                 }
+               } else {
+                 interpolate(current.x, current.n.x, 1, stream);
+               }
 
-         drag.on = function() {
-           var value = listeners.on.apply(listeners, arguments);
-           return value === listeners ? drag : value;
-         };
+               current = current.n;
+             } else {
+               if (isSubject) {
+                 points = current.p.z;
 
-         drag.clickDistance = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (clickDistance2 = (_ = +_) * _, drag) : Math.sqrt(clickDistance2);
-         };
+                 for (i = points.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+                   stream.point((point = points[i])[0], point[1]);
+                 }
+               } else {
+                 interpolate(current.x, current.p.x, -1, stream);
+               }
 
-         return drag;
-       }
+               current = current.p;
+             }
 
-       function define$1(constructor, factory, prototype) {
-         constructor.prototype = factory.prototype = prototype;
-         prototype.constructor = constructor;
-       }
+             current = current.o;
+             points = current.z;
+             isSubject = !isSubject;
+           } while (!current.v);
 
-       function extend(parent, definition) {
-         var prototype = Object.create(parent.prototype);
-         for (var key in definition) prototype[key] = definition[key];
-         return prototype;
+           stream.lineEnd();
+         }
        }
 
-       function Color() {}
-
-       var darker = 0.7;
-       var brighter = 1 / darker;
-
-       var reI = "\\s*([+-]?\\d+)\\s*",
-           reN = "\\s*([+-]?\\d*\\.?\\d+(?:[eE][+-]?\\d+)?)\\s*",
-           reP = "\\s*([+-]?\\d*\\.?\\d+(?:[eE][+-]?\\d+)?)%\\s*",
-           reHex = /^#([0-9a-f]{3,8})$/,
-           reRgbInteger = new RegExp("^rgb\\(" + [reI, reI, reI] + "\\)$"),
-           reRgbPercent = new RegExp("^rgb\\(" + [reP, reP, reP] + "\\)$"),
-           reRgbaInteger = new RegExp("^rgba\\(" + [reI, reI, reI, reN] + "\\)$"),
-           reRgbaPercent = new RegExp("^rgba\\(" + [reP, reP, reP, reN] + "\\)$"),
-           reHslPercent = new RegExp("^hsl\\(" + [reN, reP, reP] + "\\)$"),
-           reHslaPercent = new RegExp("^hsla\\(" + [reN, reP, reP, reN] + "\\)$");
-
-       var named = {
-         aliceblue: 0xf0f8ff,
-         antiquewhite: 0xfaebd7,
-         aqua: 0x00ffff,
-         aquamarine: 0x7fffd4,
-         azure: 0xf0ffff,
-         beige: 0xf5f5dc,
-         bisque: 0xffe4c4,
-         black: 0x000000,
-         blanchedalmond: 0xffebcd,
-         blue: 0x0000ff,
-         blueviolet: 0x8a2be2,
-         brown: 0xa52a2a,
-         burlywood: 0xdeb887,
-         cadetblue: 0x5f9ea0,
-         chartreuse: 0x7fff00,
-         chocolate: 0xd2691e,
-         coral: 0xff7f50,
-         cornflowerblue: 0x6495ed,
-         cornsilk: 0xfff8dc,
-         crimson: 0xdc143c,
-         cyan: 0x00ffff,
-         darkblue: 0x00008b,
-         darkcyan: 0x008b8b,
-         darkgoldenrod: 0xb8860b,
-         darkgray: 0xa9a9a9,
-         darkgreen: 0x006400,
-         darkgrey: 0xa9a9a9,
-         darkkhaki: 0xbdb76b,
-         darkmagenta: 0x8b008b,
-         darkolivegreen: 0x556b2f,
-         darkorange: 0xff8c00,
-         darkorchid: 0x9932cc,
-         darkred: 0x8b0000,
-         darksalmon: 0xe9967a,
-         darkseagreen: 0x8fbc8f,
-         darkslateblue: 0x483d8b,
-         darkslategray: 0x2f4f4f,
-         darkslategrey: 0x2f4f4f,
-         darkturquoise: 0x00ced1,
-         darkviolet: 0x9400d3,
-         deeppink: 0xff1493,
-         deepskyblue: 0x00bfff,
-         dimgray: 0x696969,
-         dimgrey: 0x696969,
-         dodgerblue: 0x1e90ff,
-         firebrick: 0xb22222,
-         floralwhite: 0xfffaf0,
-         forestgreen: 0x228b22,
-         fuchsia: 0xff00ff,
-         gainsboro: 0xdcdcdc,
-         ghostwhite: 0xf8f8ff,
-         gold: 0xffd700,
-         goldenrod: 0xdaa520,
-         gray: 0x808080,
-         green: 0x008000,
-         greenyellow: 0xadff2f,
-         grey: 0x808080,
-         honeydew: 0xf0fff0,
-         hotpink: 0xff69b4,
-         indianred: 0xcd5c5c,
-         indigo: 0x4b0082,
-         ivory: 0xfffff0,
-         khaki: 0xf0e68c,
-         lavender: 0xe6e6fa,
-         lavenderblush: 0xfff0f5,
-         lawngreen: 0x7cfc00,
-         lemonchiffon: 0xfffacd,
-         lightblue: 0xadd8e6,
-         lightcoral: 0xf08080,
-         lightcyan: 0xe0ffff,
-         lightgoldenrodyellow: 0xfafad2,
-         lightgray: 0xd3d3d3,
-         lightgreen: 0x90ee90,
-         lightgrey: 0xd3d3d3,
-         lightpink: 0xffb6c1,
-         lightsalmon: 0xffa07a,
-         lightseagreen: 0x20b2aa,
-         lightskyblue: 0x87cefa,
-         lightslategray: 0x778899,
-         lightslategrey: 0x778899,
-         lightsteelblue: 0xb0c4de,
-         lightyellow: 0xffffe0,
-         lime: 0x00ff00,
-         limegreen: 0x32cd32,
-         linen: 0xfaf0e6,
-         magenta: 0xff00ff,
-         maroon: 0x800000,
-         mediumaquamarine: 0x66cdaa,
-         mediumblue: 0x0000cd,
-         mediumorchid: 0xba55d3,
-         mediumpurple: 0x9370db,
-         mediumseagreen: 0x3cb371,
-         mediumslateblue: 0x7b68ee,
-         mediumspringgreen: 0x00fa9a,
-         mediumturquoise: 0x48d1cc,
-         mediumvioletred: 0xc71585,
-         midnightblue: 0x191970,
-         mintcream: 0xf5fffa,
-         mistyrose: 0xffe4e1,
-         moccasin: 0xffe4b5,
-         navajowhite: 0xffdead,
-         navy: 0x000080,
-         oldlace: 0xfdf5e6,
-         olive: 0x808000,
-         olivedrab: 0x6b8e23,
-         orange: 0xffa500,
-         orangered: 0xff4500,
-         orchid: 0xda70d6,
-         palegoldenrod: 0xeee8aa,
-         palegreen: 0x98fb98,
-         paleturquoise: 0xafeeee,
-         palevioletred: 0xdb7093,
-         papayawhip: 0xffefd5,
-         peachpuff: 0xffdab9,
-         peru: 0xcd853f,
-         pink: 0xffc0cb,
-         plum: 0xdda0dd,
-         powderblue: 0xb0e0e6,
-         purple: 0x800080,
-         rebeccapurple: 0x663399,
-         red: 0xff0000,
-         rosybrown: 0xbc8f8f,
-         royalblue: 0x4169e1,
-         saddlebrown: 0x8b4513,
-         salmon: 0xfa8072,
-         sandybrown: 0xf4a460,
-         seagreen: 0x2e8b57,
-         seashell: 0xfff5ee,
-         sienna: 0xa0522d,
-         silver: 0xc0c0c0,
-         skyblue: 0x87ceeb,
-         slateblue: 0x6a5acd,
-         slategray: 0x708090,
-         slategrey: 0x708090,
-         snow: 0xfffafa,
-         springgreen: 0x00ff7f,
-         steelblue: 0x4682b4,
-         tan: 0xd2b48c,
-         teal: 0x008080,
-         thistle: 0xd8bfd8,
-         tomato: 0xff6347,
-         turquoise: 0x40e0d0,
-         violet: 0xee82ee,
-         wheat: 0xf5deb3,
-         white: 0xffffff,
-         whitesmoke: 0xf5f5f5,
-         yellow: 0xffff00,
-         yellowgreen: 0x9acd32
-       };
-
-       define$1(Color, color, {
-         copy: function(channels) {
-           return Object.assign(new this.constructor, this, channels);
-         },
-         displayable: function() {
-           return this.rgb().displayable();
-         },
-         hex: color_formatHex, // Deprecated! Use color.formatHex.
-         formatHex: color_formatHex,
-         formatHsl: color_formatHsl,
-         formatRgb: color_formatRgb,
-         toString: color_formatRgb
-       });
-
-       function color_formatHex() {
-         return this.rgb().formatHex();
-       }
+       function link(array) {
+         if (!(n = array.length)) return;
+         var n,
+             i = 0,
+             a = array[0],
+             b;
 
-       function color_formatHsl() {
-         return hslConvert(this).formatHsl();
-       }
+         while (++i < n) {
+           a.n = b = array[i];
+           b.p = a;
+           a = b;
+         }
 
-       function color_formatRgb() {
-         return this.rgb().formatRgb();
+         a.n = b = array[0];
+         b.p = a;
        }
 
-       function color(format) {
-         var m, l;
-         format = (format + "").trim().toLowerCase();
-         return (m = reHex.exec(format)) ? (l = m[1].length, m = parseInt(m[1], 16), l === 6 ? rgbn(m) // #ff0000
-             : l === 3 ? new Rgb((m >> 8 & 0xf) | (m >> 4 & 0xf0), (m >> 4 & 0xf) | (m & 0xf0), ((m & 0xf) << 4) | (m & 0xf), 1) // #f00
-             : l === 8 ? rgba(m >> 24 & 0xff, m >> 16 & 0xff, m >> 8 & 0xff, (m & 0xff) / 0xff) // #ff000000
-             : l === 4 ? rgba((m >> 12 & 0xf) | (m >> 8 & 0xf0), (m >> 8 & 0xf) | (m >> 4 & 0xf0), (m >> 4 & 0xf) | (m & 0xf0), (((m & 0xf) << 4) | (m & 0xf)) / 0xff) // #f000
-             : null) // invalid hex
-             : (m = reRgbInteger.exec(format)) ? new Rgb(m[1], m[2], m[3], 1) // rgb(255, 0, 0)
-             : (m = reRgbPercent.exec(format)) ? new Rgb(m[1] * 255 / 100, m[2] * 255 / 100, m[3] * 255 / 100, 1) // rgb(100%, 0%, 0%)
-             : (m = reRgbaInteger.exec(format)) ? rgba(m[1], m[2], m[3], m[4]) // rgba(255, 0, 0, 1)
-             : (m = reRgbaPercent.exec(format)) ? rgba(m[1] * 255 / 100, m[2] * 255 / 100, m[3] * 255 / 100, m[4]) // rgb(100%, 0%, 0%, 1)
-             : (m = reHslPercent.exec(format)) ? hsla(m[1], m[2] / 100, m[3] / 100, 1) // hsl(120, 50%, 50%)
-             : (m = reHslaPercent.exec(format)) ? hsla(m[1], m[2] / 100, m[3] / 100, m[4]) // hsla(120, 50%, 50%, 1)
-             : named.hasOwnProperty(format) ? rgbn(named[format]) // eslint-disable-line no-prototype-builtins
-             : format === "transparent" ? new Rgb(NaN, NaN, NaN, 0)
-             : null;
+       function longitude(point) {
+         if (abs$2(point[0]) <= pi) return point[0];else return sign(point[0]) * ((abs$2(point[0]) + pi) % tau - pi);
        }
 
-       function rgbn(n) {
-         return new Rgb(n >> 16 & 0xff, n >> 8 & 0xff, n & 0xff, 1);
-       }
+       function polygonContains (polygon, point) {
+         var lambda = longitude(point),
+             phi = point[1],
+             sinPhi = sin(phi),
+             normal = [sin(lambda), -cos(lambda), 0],
+             angle = 0,
+             winding = 0;
+         var sum = new Adder();
+         if (sinPhi === 1) phi = halfPi + epsilon$1;else if (sinPhi === -1) phi = -halfPi - epsilon$1;
 
-       function rgba(r, g, b, a) {
-         if (a <= 0) r = g = b = NaN;
-         return new Rgb(r, g, b, a);
-       }
+         for (var i = 0, n = polygon.length; i < n; ++i) {
+           if (!(m = (ring = polygon[i]).length)) continue;
+           var ring,
+               m,
+               point0 = ring[m - 1],
+               lambda0 = longitude(point0),
+               phi0 = point0[1] / 2 + quarterPi,
+               sinPhi0 = sin(phi0),
+               cosPhi0 = cos(phi0);
 
-       function rgbConvert(o) {
-         if (!(o instanceof Color)) o = color(o);
-         if (!o) return new Rgb;
-         o = o.rgb();
-         return new Rgb(o.r, o.g, o.b, o.opacity);
-       }
+           for (var j = 0; j < m; ++j, lambda0 = lambda1, sinPhi0 = sinPhi1, cosPhi0 = cosPhi1, point0 = point1) {
+             var point1 = ring[j],
+                 lambda1 = longitude(point1),
+                 phi1 = point1[1] / 2 + quarterPi,
+                 sinPhi1 = sin(phi1),
+                 cosPhi1 = cos(phi1),
+                 delta = lambda1 - lambda0,
+                 sign = delta >= 0 ? 1 : -1,
+                 absDelta = sign * delta,
+                 antimeridian = absDelta > pi,
+                 k = sinPhi0 * sinPhi1;
+             sum.add(atan2(k * sign * sin(absDelta), cosPhi0 * cosPhi1 + k * cos(absDelta)));
+             angle += antimeridian ? delta + sign * tau : delta; // Are the longitudes either side of the point’s meridian (lambda),
+             // and are the latitudes smaller than the parallel (phi)?
 
-       function rgb(r, g, b, opacity) {
-         return arguments.length === 1 ? rgbConvert(r) : new Rgb(r, g, b, opacity == null ? 1 : opacity);
-       }
+             if (antimeridian ^ lambda0 >= lambda ^ lambda1 >= lambda) {
+               var arc = cartesianCross(cartesian(point0), cartesian(point1));
+               cartesianNormalizeInPlace(arc);
+               var intersection = cartesianCross(normal, arc);
+               cartesianNormalizeInPlace(intersection);
+               var phiArc = (antimeridian ^ delta >= 0 ? -1 : 1) * asin(intersection[2]);
 
-       function Rgb(r, g, b, opacity) {
-         this.r = +r;
-         this.g = +g;
-         this.b = +b;
-         this.opacity = +opacity;
-       }
+               if (phi > phiArc || phi === phiArc && (arc[0] || arc[1])) {
+                 winding += antimeridian ^ delta >= 0 ? 1 : -1;
+               }
+             }
+           }
+         } // First, determine whether the South pole is inside or outside:
+         //
+         // It is inside if:
+         // * the polygon winds around it in a clockwise direction.
+         // * the polygon does not (cumulatively) wind around it, but has a negative
+         //   (counter-clockwise) area.
+         //
+         // Second, count the (signed) number of times a segment crosses a lambda
+         // from the point to the South pole.  If it is zero, then the point is the
+         // same side as the South pole.
 
-       define$1(Rgb, rgb, extend(Color, {
-         brighter: function(k) {
-           k = k == null ? brighter : Math.pow(brighter, k);
-           return new Rgb(this.r * k, this.g * k, this.b * k, this.opacity);
-         },
-         darker: function(k) {
-           k = k == null ? darker : Math.pow(darker, k);
-           return new Rgb(this.r * k, this.g * k, this.b * k, this.opacity);
-         },
-         rgb: function() {
-           return this;
-         },
-         displayable: function() {
-           return (-0.5 <= this.r && this.r < 255.5)
-               && (-0.5 <= this.g && this.g < 255.5)
-               && (-0.5 <= this.b && this.b < 255.5)
-               && (0 <= this.opacity && this.opacity <= 1);
-         },
-         hex: rgb_formatHex, // Deprecated! Use color.formatHex.
-         formatHex: rgb_formatHex,
-         formatRgb: rgb_formatRgb,
-         toString: rgb_formatRgb
-       }));
 
-       function rgb_formatHex() {
-         return "#" + hex$1(this.r) + hex$1(this.g) + hex$1(this.b);
+         return (angle < -epsilon$1 || angle < epsilon$1 && sum < -epsilon2$1) ^ winding & 1;
        }
 
-       function rgb_formatRgb() {
-         var a = this.opacity; a = isNaN(a) ? 1 : Math.max(0, Math.min(1, a));
-         return (a === 1 ? "rgb(" : "rgba(")
-             + Math.max(0, Math.min(255, Math.round(this.r) || 0)) + ", "
-             + Math.max(0, Math.min(255, Math.round(this.g) || 0)) + ", "
-             + Math.max(0, Math.min(255, Math.round(this.b) || 0))
-             + (a === 1 ? ")" : ", " + a + ")");
-       }
+       function clip (pointVisible, clipLine, interpolate, start) {
+         return function (sink) {
+           var line = clipLine(sink),
+               ringBuffer = clipBuffer(),
+               ringSink = clipLine(ringBuffer),
+               polygonStarted = false,
+               polygon,
+               segments,
+               ring;
+           var clip = {
+             point: point,
+             lineStart: lineStart,
+             lineEnd: lineEnd,
+             polygonStart: function polygonStart() {
+               clip.point = pointRing;
+               clip.lineStart = ringStart;
+               clip.lineEnd = ringEnd;
+               segments = [];
+               polygon = [];
+             },
+             polygonEnd: function polygonEnd() {
+               clip.point = point;
+               clip.lineStart = lineStart;
+               clip.lineEnd = lineEnd;
+               segments = merge$4(segments);
+               var startInside = polygonContains(polygon, start);
 
-       function hex$1(value) {
-         value = Math.max(0, Math.min(255, Math.round(value) || 0));
-         return (value < 16 ? "0" : "") + value.toString(16);
-       }
+               if (segments.length) {
+                 if (!polygonStarted) sink.polygonStart(), polygonStarted = true;
+                 clipRejoin(segments, compareIntersection, startInside, interpolate, sink);
+               } else if (startInside) {
+                 if (!polygonStarted) sink.polygonStart(), polygonStarted = true;
+                 sink.lineStart();
+                 interpolate(null, null, 1, sink);
+                 sink.lineEnd();
+               }
 
-       function hsla(h, s, l, a) {
-         if (a <= 0) h = s = l = NaN;
-         else if (l <= 0 || l >= 1) h = s = NaN;
-         else if (s <= 0) h = NaN;
-         return new Hsl(h, s, l, a);
-       }
+               if (polygonStarted) sink.polygonEnd(), polygonStarted = false;
+               segments = polygon = null;
+             },
+             sphere: function sphere() {
+               sink.polygonStart();
+               sink.lineStart();
+               interpolate(null, null, 1, sink);
+               sink.lineEnd();
+               sink.polygonEnd();
+             }
+           };
 
-       function hslConvert(o) {
-         if (o instanceof Hsl) return new Hsl(o.h, o.s, o.l, o.opacity);
-         if (!(o instanceof Color)) o = color(o);
-         if (!o) return new Hsl;
-         if (o instanceof Hsl) return o;
-         o = o.rgb();
-         var r = o.r / 255,
-             g = o.g / 255,
-             b = o.b / 255,
-             min = Math.min(r, g, b),
-             max = Math.max(r, g, b),
-             h = NaN,
-             s = max - min,
-             l = (max + min) / 2;
-         if (s) {
-           if (r === max) h = (g - b) / s + (g < b) * 6;
-           else if (g === max) h = (b - r) / s + 2;
-           else h = (r - g) / s + 4;
-           s /= l < 0.5 ? max + min : 2 - max - min;
-           h *= 60;
-         } else {
-           s = l > 0 && l < 1 ? 0 : h;
-         }
-         return new Hsl(h, s, l, o.opacity);
-       }
+           function point(lambda, phi) {
+             if (pointVisible(lambda, phi)) sink.point(lambda, phi);
+           }
 
-       function hsl(h, s, l, opacity) {
-         return arguments.length === 1 ? hslConvert(h) : new Hsl(h, s, l, opacity == null ? 1 : opacity);
-       }
+           function pointLine(lambda, phi) {
+             line.point(lambda, phi);
+           }
 
-       function Hsl(h, s, l, opacity) {
-         this.h = +h;
-         this.s = +s;
-         this.l = +l;
-         this.opacity = +opacity;
-       }
+           function lineStart() {
+             clip.point = pointLine;
+             line.lineStart();
+           }
 
-       define$1(Hsl, hsl, extend(Color, {
-         brighter: function(k) {
-           k = k == null ? brighter : Math.pow(brighter, k);
-           return new Hsl(this.h, this.s, this.l * k, this.opacity);
-         },
-         darker: function(k) {
-           k = k == null ? darker : Math.pow(darker, k);
-           return new Hsl(this.h, this.s, this.l * k, this.opacity);
-         },
-         rgb: function() {
-           var h = this.h % 360 + (this.h < 0) * 360,
-               s = isNaN(h) || isNaN(this.s) ? 0 : this.s,
-               l = this.l,
-               m2 = l + (l < 0.5 ? l : 1 - l) * s,
-               m1 = 2 * l - m2;
-           return new Rgb(
-             hsl2rgb(h >= 240 ? h - 240 : h + 120, m1, m2),
-             hsl2rgb(h, m1, m2),
-             hsl2rgb(h < 120 ? h + 240 : h - 120, m1, m2),
-             this.opacity
-           );
-         },
-         displayable: function() {
-           return (0 <= this.s && this.s <= 1 || isNaN(this.s))
-               && (0 <= this.l && this.l <= 1)
-               && (0 <= this.opacity && this.opacity <= 1);
-         },
-         formatHsl: function() {
-           var a = this.opacity; a = isNaN(a) ? 1 : Math.max(0, Math.min(1, a));
-           return (a === 1 ? "hsl(" : "hsla(")
-               + (this.h || 0) + ", "
-               + (this.s || 0) * 100 + "%, "
-               + (this.l || 0) * 100 + "%"
-               + (a === 1 ? ")" : ", " + a + ")");
-         }
-       }));
+           function lineEnd() {
+             clip.point = point;
+             line.lineEnd();
+           }
 
-       /* From FvD 13.37, CSS Color Module Level 3 */
-       function hsl2rgb(h, m1, m2) {
-         return (h < 60 ? m1 + (m2 - m1) * h / 60
-             : h < 180 ? m2
-             : h < 240 ? m1 + (m2 - m1) * (240 - h) / 60
-             : m1) * 255;
-       }
+           function pointRing(lambda, phi) {
+             ring.push([lambda, phi]);
+             ringSink.point(lambda, phi);
+           }
 
-       function constant$2(x) {
-         return function() {
-           return x;
-         };
-       }
+           function ringStart() {
+             ringSink.lineStart();
+             ring = [];
+           }
 
-       function linear(a, d) {
-         return function(t) {
-           return a + t * d;
-         };
-       }
+           function ringEnd() {
+             pointRing(ring[0][0], ring[0][1]);
+             ringSink.lineEnd();
+             var clean = ringSink.clean(),
+                 ringSegments = ringBuffer.result(),
+                 i,
+                 n = ringSegments.length,
+                 m,
+                 segment,
+                 point;
+             ring.pop();
+             polygon.push(ring);
+             ring = null;
+             if (!n) return; // No intersections.
 
-       function exponential(a, b, y) {
-         return a = Math.pow(a, y), b = Math.pow(b, y) - a, y = 1 / y, function(t) {
-           return Math.pow(a + t * b, y);
-         };
-       }
+             if (clean & 1) {
+               segment = ringSegments[0];
 
-       function gamma(y) {
-         return (y = +y) === 1 ? nogamma : function(a, b) {
-           return b - a ? exponential(a, b, y) : constant$2(isNaN(a) ? b : a);
-         };
-       }
+               if ((m = segment.length - 1) > 0) {
+                 if (!polygonStarted) sink.polygonStart(), polygonStarted = true;
+                 sink.lineStart();
 
-       function nogamma(a, b) {
-         var d = b - a;
-         return d ? linear(a, d) : constant$2(isNaN(a) ? b : a);
-       }
+                 for (i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
+                   sink.point((point = segment[i])[0], point[1]);
+                 }
 
-       var d3_interpolateRgb = (function rgbGamma(y) {
-         var color = gamma(y);
+                 sink.lineEnd();
+               }
 
-         function rgb$1(start, end) {
-           var r = color((start = rgb(start)).r, (end = rgb(end)).r),
-               g = color(start.g, end.g),
-               b = color(start.b, end.b),
-               opacity = nogamma(start.opacity, end.opacity);
-           return function(t) {
-             start.r = r(t);
-             start.g = g(t);
-             start.b = b(t);
-             start.opacity = opacity(t);
-             return start + "";
-           };
-         }
+               return;
+             } // Rejoin connected segments.
+             // TODO reuse ringBuffer.rejoin()?
 
-         rgb$1.gamma = rgbGamma;
 
-         return rgb$1;
-       })(1);
+             if (n > 1 && clean & 2) ringSegments.push(ringSegments.pop().concat(ringSegments.shift()));
+             segments.push(ringSegments.filter(validSegment));
+           }
 
-       function numberArray(a, b) {
-         if (!b) b = [];
-         var n = a ? Math.min(b.length, a.length) : 0,
-             c = b.slice(),
-             i;
-         return function(t) {
-           for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) c[i] = a[i] * (1 - t) + b[i] * t;
-           return c;
+           return clip;
          };
        }
 
-       function isNumberArray(x) {
-         return ArrayBuffer.isView(x) && !(x instanceof DataView);
-       }
-
-       function genericArray(a, b) {
-         var nb = b ? b.length : 0,
-             na = a ? Math.min(nb, a.length) : 0,
-             x = new Array(na),
-             c = new Array(nb),
-             i;
+       function validSegment(segment) {
+         return segment.length > 1;
+       } // Intersections are sorted along the clip edge. For both antimeridian cutting
+       // and circle clipping, the same comparison is used.
 
-         for (i = 0; i < na; ++i) x[i] = interpolate(a[i], b[i]);
-         for (; i < nb; ++i) c[i] = b[i];
 
-         return function(t) {
-           for (i = 0; i < na; ++i) c[i] = x[i](t);
-           return c;
-         };
+       function compareIntersection(a, b) {
+         return ((a = a.x)[0] < 0 ? a[1] - halfPi - epsilon$1 : halfPi - a[1]) - ((b = b.x)[0] < 0 ? b[1] - halfPi - epsilon$1 : halfPi - b[1]);
        }
 
-       function date(a, b) {
-         var d = new Date;
-         return a = +a, b = +b, function(t) {
-           return d.setTime(a * (1 - t) + b * t), d;
-         };
-       }
+       var clipAntimeridian = clip(function () {
+         return true;
+       }, clipAntimeridianLine, clipAntimeridianInterpolate, [-pi, -halfPi]); // Takes a line and cuts into visible segments. Return values: 0 - there were
+       // intersections or the line was empty; 1 - no intersections; 2 - there were
+       // intersections, and the first and last segments should be rejoined.
 
-       function d3_interpolateNumber(a, b) {
-         return a = +a, b = +b, function(t) {
-           return a * (1 - t) + b * t;
-         };
-       }
+       function clipAntimeridianLine(stream) {
+         var lambda0 = NaN,
+             phi0 = NaN,
+             sign0 = NaN,
+             _clean; // no intersections
 
-       function object(a, b) {
-         var i = {},
-             c = {},
-             k;
 
-         if (a === null || typeof a !== "object") a = {};
-         if (b === null || typeof b !== "object") b = {};
+         return {
+           lineStart: function lineStart() {
+             stream.lineStart();
+             _clean = 1;
+           },
+           point: function point(lambda1, phi1) {
+             var sign1 = lambda1 > 0 ? pi : -pi,
+                 delta = abs$2(lambda1 - lambda0);
 
-         for (k in b) {
-           if (k in a) {
-             i[k] = interpolate(a[k], b[k]);
-           } else {
-             c[k] = b[k];
-           }
-         }
+             if (abs$2(delta - pi) < epsilon$1) {
+               // line crosses a pole
+               stream.point(lambda0, phi0 = (phi0 + phi1) / 2 > 0 ? halfPi : -halfPi);
+               stream.point(sign0, phi0);
+               stream.lineEnd();
+               stream.lineStart();
+               stream.point(sign1, phi0);
+               stream.point(lambda1, phi0);
+               _clean = 0;
+             } else if (sign0 !== sign1 && delta >= pi) {
+               // line crosses antimeridian
+               if (abs$2(lambda0 - sign0) < epsilon$1) lambda0 -= sign0 * epsilon$1; // handle degeneracies
 
-         return function(t) {
-           for (k in i) c[k] = i[k](t);
-           return c;
-         };
-       }
-
-       var reA = /[-+]?(?:\d+\.?\d*|\.?\d+)(?:[eE][-+]?\d+)?/g,
-           reB = new RegExp(reA.source, "g");
+               if (abs$2(lambda1 - sign1) < epsilon$1) lambda1 -= sign1 * epsilon$1;
+               phi0 = clipAntimeridianIntersect(lambda0, phi0, lambda1, phi1);
+               stream.point(sign0, phi0);
+               stream.lineEnd();
+               stream.lineStart();
+               stream.point(sign1, phi0);
+               _clean = 0;
+             }
 
-       function zero(b) {
-         return function() {
-           return b;
+             stream.point(lambda0 = lambda1, phi0 = phi1);
+             sign0 = sign1;
+           },
+           lineEnd: function lineEnd() {
+             stream.lineEnd();
+             lambda0 = phi0 = NaN;
+           },
+           clean: function clean() {
+             return 2 - _clean; // if intersections, rejoin first and last segments
+           }
          };
        }
 
-       function one(b) {
-         return function(t) {
-           return b(t) + "";
-         };
+       function clipAntimeridianIntersect(lambda0, phi0, lambda1, phi1) {
+         var cosPhi0,
+             cosPhi1,
+             sinLambda0Lambda1 = sin(lambda0 - lambda1);
+         return abs$2(sinLambda0Lambda1) > epsilon$1 ? atan((sin(phi0) * (cosPhi1 = cos(phi1)) * sin(lambda1) - sin(phi1) * (cosPhi0 = cos(phi0)) * sin(lambda0)) / (cosPhi0 * cosPhi1 * sinLambda0Lambda1)) : (phi0 + phi1) / 2;
        }
 
-       function interpolateString(a, b) {
-         var bi = reA.lastIndex = reB.lastIndex = 0, // scan index for next number in b
-             am, // current match in a
-             bm, // current match in b
-             bs, // string preceding current number in b, if any
-             i = -1, // index in s
-             s = [], // string constants and placeholders
-             q = []; // number interpolators
-
-         // Coerce inputs to strings.
-         a = a + "", b = b + "";
+       function clipAntimeridianInterpolate(from, to, direction, stream) {
+         var phi;
 
-         // Interpolate pairs of numbers in a & b.
-         while ((am = reA.exec(a))
-             && (bm = reB.exec(b))) {
-           if ((bs = bm.index) > bi) { // a string precedes the next number in b
-             bs = b.slice(bi, bs);
-             if (s[i]) s[i] += bs; // coalesce with previous string
-             else s[++i] = bs;
-           }
-           if ((am = am[0]) === (bm = bm[0])) { // numbers in a & b match
-             if (s[i]) s[i] += bm; // coalesce with previous string
-             else s[++i] = bm;
-           } else { // interpolate non-matching numbers
-             s[++i] = null;
-             q.push({i: i, x: d3_interpolateNumber(am, bm)});
-           }
-           bi = reB.lastIndex;
+         if (from == null) {
+           phi = direction * halfPi;
+           stream.point(-pi, phi);
+           stream.point(0, phi);
+           stream.point(pi, phi);
+           stream.point(pi, 0);
+           stream.point(pi, -phi);
+           stream.point(0, -phi);
+           stream.point(-pi, -phi);
+           stream.point(-pi, 0);
+           stream.point(-pi, phi);
+         } else if (abs$2(from[0] - to[0]) > epsilon$1) {
+           var lambda = from[0] < to[0] ? pi : -pi;
+           phi = direction * lambda / 2;
+           stream.point(-lambda, phi);
+           stream.point(0, phi);
+           stream.point(lambda, phi);
+         } else {
+           stream.point(to[0], to[1]);
          }
+       }
 
-         // Add remains of b.
-         if (bi < b.length) {
-           bs = b.slice(bi);
-           if (s[i]) s[i] += bs; // coalesce with previous string
-           else s[++i] = bs;
+       function clipCircle (radius) {
+         var cr = cos(radius),
+             delta = 6 * radians,
+             smallRadius = cr > 0,
+             notHemisphere = abs$2(cr) > epsilon$1; // TODO optimise for this common case
+
+         function interpolate(from, to, direction, stream) {
+           circleStream(stream, radius, delta, direction, from, to);
          }
 
-         // Special optimization for only a single match.
-         // Otherwise, interpolate each of the numbers and rejoin the string.
-         return s.length < 2 ? (q[0]
-             ? one(q[0].x)
-             : zero(b))
-             : (b = q.length, function(t) {
-                 for (var i = 0, o; i < b; ++i) s[(o = q[i]).i] = o.x(t);
-                 return s.join("");
-               });
-       }
+         function visible(lambda, phi) {
+           return cos(lambda) * cos(phi) > cr;
+         } // Takes a line and cuts into visible segments. Return values used for polygon
+         // clipping: 0 - there were intersections or the line was empty; 1 - no
+         // intersections 2 - there were intersections, and the first and last segments
+         // should be rejoined.
 
-       function interpolate(a, b) {
-         var t = typeof b, c;
-         return b == null || t === "boolean" ? constant$2(b)
-             : (t === "number" ? d3_interpolateNumber
-             : t === "string" ? ((c = color(b)) ? (b = c, d3_interpolateRgb) : interpolateString)
-             : b instanceof color ? d3_interpolateRgb
-             : b instanceof Date ? date
-             : isNumberArray(b) ? numberArray
-             : Array.isArray(b) ? genericArray
-             : typeof b.valueOf !== "function" && typeof b.toString !== "function" || isNaN(b) ? object
-             : d3_interpolateNumber)(a, b);
-       }
 
-       function interpolateRound(a, b) {
-         return a = +a, b = +b, function(t) {
-           return Math.round(a * (1 - t) + b * t);
-         };
-       }
+         function clipLine(stream) {
+           var point0, // previous point
+           c0, // code for previous point
+           v0, // visibility of previous point
+           v00, // visibility of first point
+           _clean; // no intersections
 
-       var degrees$1 = 180 / Math.PI;
 
-       var identity$1 = {
-         translateX: 0,
-         translateY: 0,
-         rotate: 0,
-         skewX: 0,
-         scaleX: 1,
-         scaleY: 1
-       };
+           return {
+             lineStart: function lineStart() {
+               v00 = v0 = false;
+               _clean = 1;
+             },
+             point: function point(lambda, phi) {
+               var point1 = [lambda, phi],
+                   point2,
+                   v = visible(lambda, phi),
+                   c = smallRadius ? v ? 0 : code(lambda, phi) : v ? code(lambda + (lambda < 0 ? pi : -pi), phi) : 0;
+               if (!point0 && (v00 = v0 = v)) stream.lineStart();
 
-       function decompose(a, b, c, d, e, f) {
-         var scaleX, scaleY, skewX;
-         if (scaleX = Math.sqrt(a * a + b * b)) a /= scaleX, b /= scaleX;
-         if (skewX = a * c + b * d) c -= a * skewX, d -= b * skewX;
-         if (scaleY = Math.sqrt(c * c + d * d)) c /= scaleY, d /= scaleY, skewX /= scaleY;
-         if (a * d < b * c) a = -a, b = -b, skewX = -skewX, scaleX = -scaleX;
-         return {
-           translateX: e,
-           translateY: f,
-           rotate: Math.atan2(b, a) * degrees$1,
-           skewX: Math.atan(skewX) * degrees$1,
-           scaleX: scaleX,
-           scaleY: scaleY
-         };
-       }
+               if (v !== v0) {
+                 point2 = intersect(point0, point1);
+                 if (!point2 || pointEqual(point0, point2) || pointEqual(point1, point2)) point1[2] = 1;
+               }
 
-       var cssNode,
-           cssRoot,
-           cssView,
-           svgNode;
+               if (v !== v0) {
+                 _clean = 0;
 
-       function parseCss(value) {
-         if (value === "none") return identity$1;
-         if (!cssNode) cssNode = document.createElement("DIV"), cssRoot = document.documentElement, cssView = document.defaultView;
-         cssNode.style.transform = value;
-         value = cssView.getComputedStyle(cssRoot.appendChild(cssNode), null).getPropertyValue("transform");
-         cssRoot.removeChild(cssNode);
-         value = value.slice(7, -1).split(",");
-         return decompose(+value[0], +value[1], +value[2], +value[3], +value[4], +value[5]);
-       }
+                 if (v) {
+                   // outside going in
+                   stream.lineStart();
+                   point2 = intersect(point1, point0);
+                   stream.point(point2[0], point2[1]);
+                 } else {
+                   // inside going out
+                   point2 = intersect(point0, point1);
+                   stream.point(point2[0], point2[1], 2);
+                   stream.lineEnd();
+                 }
 
-       function parseSvg(value) {
-         if (value == null) return identity$1;
-         if (!svgNode) svgNode = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "g");
-         svgNode.setAttribute("transform", value);
-         if (!(value = svgNode.transform.baseVal.consolidate())) return identity$1;
-         value = value.matrix;
-         return decompose(value.a, value.b, value.c, value.d, value.e, value.f);
-       }
+                 point0 = point2;
+               } else if (notHemisphere && point0 && smallRadius ^ v) {
+                 var t; // If the codes for two points are different, or are both zero,
+                 // and there this segment intersects with the small circle.
 
-       function interpolateTransform(parse, pxComma, pxParen, degParen) {
+                 if (!(c & c0) && (t = intersect(point1, point0, true))) {
+                   _clean = 0;
 
-         function pop(s) {
-           return s.length ? s.pop() + " " : "";
-         }
+                   if (smallRadius) {
+                     stream.lineStart();
+                     stream.point(t[0][0], t[0][1]);
+                     stream.point(t[1][0], t[1][1]);
+                     stream.lineEnd();
+                   } else {
+                     stream.point(t[1][0], t[1][1]);
+                     stream.lineEnd();
+                     stream.lineStart();
+                     stream.point(t[0][0], t[0][1], 3);
+                   }
+                 }
+               }
 
-         function translate(xa, ya, xb, yb, s, q) {
-           if (xa !== xb || ya !== yb) {
-             var i = s.push("translate(", null, pxComma, null, pxParen);
-             q.push({i: i - 4, x: d3_interpolateNumber(xa, xb)}, {i: i - 2, x: d3_interpolateNumber(ya, yb)});
-           } else if (xb || yb) {
-             s.push("translate(" + xb + pxComma + yb + pxParen);
-           }
-         }
+               if (v && (!point0 || !pointEqual(point0, point1))) {
+                 stream.point(point1[0], point1[1]);
+               }
 
-         function rotate(a, b, s, q) {
-           if (a !== b) {
-             if (a - b > 180) b += 360; else if (b - a > 180) a += 360; // shortest path
-             q.push({i: s.push(pop(s) + "rotate(", null, degParen) - 2, x: d3_interpolateNumber(a, b)});
-           } else if (b) {
-             s.push(pop(s) + "rotate(" + b + degParen);
-           }
-         }
+               point0 = point1, v0 = v, c0 = c;
+             },
+             lineEnd: function lineEnd() {
+               if (v0) stream.lineEnd();
+               point0 = null;
+             },
+             // Rejoin first and last segments if there were intersections and the first
+             // and last points were visible.
+             clean: function clean() {
+               return _clean | (v00 && v0) << 1;
+             }
+           };
+         } // Intersects the great circle between a and b with the clip circle.
 
-         function skewX(a, b, s, q) {
-           if (a !== b) {
-             q.push({i: s.push(pop(s) + "skewX(", null, degParen) - 2, x: d3_interpolateNumber(a, b)});
-           } else if (b) {
-             s.push(pop(s) + "skewX(" + b + degParen);
-           }
-         }
 
-         function scale(xa, ya, xb, yb, s, q) {
-           if (xa !== xb || ya !== yb) {
-             var i = s.push(pop(s) + "scale(", null, ",", null, ")");
-             q.push({i: i - 4, x: d3_interpolateNumber(xa, xb)}, {i: i - 2, x: d3_interpolateNumber(ya, yb)});
-           } else if (xb !== 1 || yb !== 1) {
-             s.push(pop(s) + "scale(" + xb + "," + yb + ")");
-           }
-         }
+         function intersect(a, b, two) {
+           var pa = cartesian(a),
+               pb = cartesian(b); // We have two planes, n1.p = d1 and n2.p = d2.
+           // Find intersection line p(t) = c1 n1 + c2 n2 + t (n1 ⨯ n2).
 
-         return function(a, b) {
-           var s = [], // string constants and placeholders
-               q = []; // number interpolators
-           a = parse(a), b = parse(b);
-           translate(a.translateX, a.translateY, b.translateX, b.translateY, s, q);
-           rotate(a.rotate, b.rotate, s, q);
-           skewX(a.skewX, b.skewX, s, q);
-           scale(a.scaleX, a.scaleY, b.scaleX, b.scaleY, s, q);
-           a = b = null; // gc
-           return function(t) {
-             var i = -1, n = q.length, o;
-             while (++i < n) s[(o = q[i]).i] = o.x(t);
-             return s.join("");
-           };
-         };
-       }
+           var n1 = [1, 0, 0],
+               // normal
+           n2 = cartesianCross(pa, pb),
+               n2n2 = cartesianDot(n2, n2),
+               n1n2 = n2[0],
+               // cartesianDot(n1, n2),
+           determinant = n2n2 - n1n2 * n1n2; // Two polar points.
 
-       var interpolateTransformCss = interpolateTransform(parseCss, "px, ", "px)", "deg)");
-       var interpolateTransformSvg = interpolateTransform(parseSvg, ", ", ")", ")");
+           if (!determinant) return !two && a;
+           var c1 = cr * n2n2 / determinant,
+               c2 = -cr * n1n2 / determinant,
+               n1xn2 = cartesianCross(n1, n2),
+               A = cartesianScale(n1, c1),
+               B = cartesianScale(n2, c2);
+           cartesianAddInPlace(A, B); // Solve |p(t)|^2 = 1.
 
-       var rho = Math.SQRT2,
-           rho2 = 2,
-           rho4 = 4,
-           epsilon2$1 = 1e-12;
+           var u = n1xn2,
+               w = cartesianDot(A, u),
+               uu = cartesianDot(u, u),
+               t2 = w * w - uu * (cartesianDot(A, A) - 1);
+           if (t2 < 0) return;
+           var t = sqrt(t2),
+               q = cartesianScale(u, (-w - t) / uu);
+           cartesianAddInPlace(q, A);
+           q = spherical(q);
+           if (!two) return q; // Two intersection points.
 
-       function cosh(x) {
-         return ((x = Math.exp(x)) + 1 / x) / 2;
-       }
+           var lambda0 = a[0],
+               lambda1 = b[0],
+               phi0 = a[1],
+               phi1 = b[1],
+               z;
+           if (lambda1 < lambda0) z = lambda0, lambda0 = lambda1, lambda1 = z;
+           var delta = lambda1 - lambda0,
+               polar = abs$2(delta - pi) < epsilon$1,
+               meridian = polar || delta < epsilon$1;
+           if (!polar && phi1 < phi0) z = phi0, phi0 = phi1, phi1 = z; // Check that the first point is between a and b.
 
-       function sinh(x) {
-         return ((x = Math.exp(x)) - 1 / x) / 2;
-       }
+           if (meridian ? polar ? phi0 + phi1 > 0 ^ q[1] < (abs$2(q[0] - lambda0) < epsilon$1 ? phi0 : phi1) : phi0 <= q[1] && q[1] <= phi1 : delta > pi ^ (lambda0 <= q[0] && q[0] <= lambda1)) {
+             var q1 = cartesianScale(u, (-w + t) / uu);
+             cartesianAddInPlace(q1, A);
+             return [q, spherical(q1)];
+           }
+         } // Generates a 4-bit vector representing the location of a point relative to
+         // the small circle's bounding box.
 
-       function tanh(x) {
-         return ((x = Math.exp(2 * x)) - 1) / (x + 1);
-       }
 
-       // p0 = [ux0, uy0, w0]
-       // p1 = [ux1, uy1, w1]
-       function interpolateZoom(p0, p1) {
-         var ux0 = p0[0], uy0 = p0[1], w0 = p0[2],
-             ux1 = p1[0], uy1 = p1[1], w1 = p1[2],
-             dx = ux1 - ux0,
-             dy = uy1 - uy0,
-             d2 = dx * dx + dy * dy,
-             i,
-             S;
-
-         // Special case for u0 ≅ u1.
-         if (d2 < epsilon2$1) {
-           S = Math.log(w1 / w0) / rho;
-           i = function(t) {
-             return [
-               ux0 + t * dx,
-               uy0 + t * dy,
-               w0 * Math.exp(rho * t * S)
-             ];
-           };
-         }
+         function code(lambda, phi) {
+           var r = smallRadius ? radius : pi - radius,
+               code = 0;
+           if (lambda < -r) code |= 1; // left
+           else if (lambda > r) code |= 2; // right
 
-         // General case.
-         else {
-           var d1 = Math.sqrt(d2),
-               b0 = (w1 * w1 - w0 * w0 + rho4 * d2) / (2 * w0 * rho2 * d1),
-               b1 = (w1 * w1 - w0 * w0 - rho4 * d2) / (2 * w1 * rho2 * d1),
-               r0 = Math.log(Math.sqrt(b0 * b0 + 1) - b0),
-               r1 = Math.log(Math.sqrt(b1 * b1 + 1) - b1);
-           S = (r1 - r0) / rho;
-           i = function(t) {
-             var s = t * S,
-                 coshr0 = cosh(r0),
-                 u = w0 / (rho2 * d1) * (coshr0 * tanh(rho * s + r0) - sinh(r0));
-             return [
-               ux0 + u * dx,
-               uy0 + u * dy,
-               w0 * coshr0 / cosh(rho * s + r0)
-             ];
-           };
-         }
+           if (phi < -r) code |= 4; // below
+           else if (phi > r) code |= 8; // above
 
-         i.duration = S * 1000;
+           return code;
+         }
 
-         return i;
+         return clip(visible, clipLine, interpolate, smallRadius ? [0, -radius] : [-pi, radius - pi]);
        }
 
-       function d3_quantize(interpolator, n) {
-         var samples = new Array(n);
-         for (var i = 0; i < n; ++i) samples[i] = interpolator(i / (n - 1));
-         return samples;
-       }
+       function clipLine (a, b, x0, y0, x1, y1) {
+         var ax = a[0],
+             ay = a[1],
+             bx = b[0],
+             by = b[1],
+             t0 = 0,
+             t1 = 1,
+             dx = bx - ax,
+             dy = by - ay,
+             r;
+         r = x0 - ax;
+         if (!dx && r > 0) return;
+         r /= dx;
 
-       var frame = 0, // is an animation frame pending?
-           timeout = 0, // is a timeout pending?
-           interval = 0, // are any timers active?
-           pokeDelay = 1000, // how frequently we check for clock skew
-           taskHead,
-           taskTail,
-           clockLast = 0,
-           clockNow = 0,
-           clockSkew = 0,
-           clock = typeof performance === "object" && performance.now ? performance : Date,
-           setFrame = typeof window === "object" && window.requestAnimationFrame ? window.requestAnimationFrame.bind(window) : function(f) { setTimeout(f, 17); };
+         if (dx < 0) {
+           if (r < t0) return;
+           if (r < t1) t1 = r;
+         } else if (dx > 0) {
+           if (r > t1) return;
+           if (r > t0) t0 = r;
+         }
 
-       function now() {
-         return clockNow || (setFrame(clearNow), clockNow = clock.now() + clockSkew);
-       }
+         r = x1 - ax;
+         if (!dx && r < 0) return;
+         r /= dx;
 
-       function clearNow() {
-         clockNow = 0;
-       }
+         if (dx < 0) {
+           if (r > t1) return;
+           if (r > t0) t0 = r;
+         } else if (dx > 0) {
+           if (r < t0) return;
+           if (r < t1) t1 = r;
+         }
 
-       function Timer() {
-         this._call =
-         this._time =
-         this._next = null;
-       }
+         r = y0 - ay;
+         if (!dy && r > 0) return;
+         r /= dy;
 
-       Timer.prototype = timer.prototype = {
-         constructor: Timer,
-         restart: function(callback, delay, time) {
-           if (typeof callback !== "function") throw new TypeError("callback is not a function");
-           time = (time == null ? now() : +time) + (delay == null ? 0 : +delay);
-           if (!this._next && taskTail !== this) {
-             if (taskTail) taskTail._next = this;
-             else taskHead = this;
-             taskTail = this;
-           }
-           this._call = callback;
-           this._time = time;
-           sleep();
-         },
-         stop: function() {
-           if (this._call) {
-             this._call = null;
-             this._time = Infinity;
-             sleep();
-           }
+         if (dy < 0) {
+           if (r < t0) return;
+           if (r < t1) t1 = r;
+         } else if (dy > 0) {
+           if (r > t1) return;
+           if (r > t0) t0 = r;
          }
-       };
 
-       function timer(callback, delay, time) {
-         var t = new Timer;
-         t.restart(callback, delay, time);
-         return t;
-       }
+         r = y1 - ay;
+         if (!dy && r < 0) return;
+         r /= dy;
 
-       function timerFlush() {
-         now(); // Get the current time, if not already set.
-         ++frame; // Pretend we’ve set an alarm, if we haven’t already.
-         var t = taskHead, e;
-         while (t) {
-           if ((e = clockNow - t._time) >= 0) t._call.call(null, e);
-           t = t._next;
+         if (dy < 0) {
+           if (r > t1) return;
+           if (r > t0) t0 = r;
+         } else if (dy > 0) {
+           if (r < t0) return;
+           if (r < t1) t1 = r;
          }
-         --frame;
+
+         if (t0 > 0) a[0] = ax + t0 * dx, a[1] = ay + t0 * dy;
+         if (t1 < 1) b[0] = ax + t1 * dx, b[1] = ay + t1 * dy;
+         return true;
        }
 
-       function wake() {
-         clockNow = (clockLast = clock.now()) + clockSkew;
-         frame = timeout = 0;
-         try {
-           timerFlush();
-         } finally {
-           frame = 0;
-           nap();
-           clockNow = 0;
+       var clipMax = 1e9,
+           clipMin = -clipMax; // TODO Use d3-polygon’s polygonContains here for the ring check?
+       // TODO Eliminate duplicate buffering in clipBuffer and polygon.push?
+
+       function clipRectangle(x0, y0, x1, y1) {
+         function visible(x, y) {
+           return x0 <= x && x <= x1 && y0 <= y && y <= y1;
          }
-       }
 
-       function poke() {
-         var now = clock.now(), delay = now - clockLast;
-         if (delay > pokeDelay) clockSkew -= delay, clockLast = now;
-       }
+         function interpolate(from, to, direction, stream) {
+           var a = 0,
+               a1 = 0;
 
-       function nap() {
-         var t0, t1 = taskHead, t2, time = Infinity;
-         while (t1) {
-           if (t1._call) {
-             if (time > t1._time) time = t1._time;
-             t0 = t1, t1 = t1._next;
+           if (from == null || (a = corner(from, direction)) !== (a1 = corner(to, direction)) || comparePoint(from, to) < 0 ^ direction > 0) {
+             do {
+               stream.point(a === 0 || a === 3 ? x0 : x1, a > 1 ? y1 : y0);
+             } while ((a = (a + direction + 4) % 4) !== a1);
            } else {
-             t2 = t1._next, t1._next = null;
-             t1 = t0 ? t0._next = t2 : taskHead = t2;
+             stream.point(to[0], to[1]);
            }
          }
-         taskTail = t0;
-         sleep(time);
-       }
 
-       function sleep(time) {
-         if (frame) return; // Soonest alarm already set, or will be.
-         if (timeout) timeout = clearTimeout(timeout);
-         var delay = time - clockNow; // Strictly less than if we recomputed clockNow.
-         if (delay > 24) {
-           if (time < Infinity) timeout = setTimeout(wake, time - clock.now() - clockSkew);
-           if (interval) interval = clearInterval(interval);
-         } else {
-           if (!interval) clockLast = clock.now(), interval = setInterval(poke, pokeDelay);
-           frame = 1, setFrame(wake);
+         function corner(p, direction) {
+           return abs$2(p[0] - x0) < epsilon$1 ? direction > 0 ? 0 : 3 : abs$2(p[0] - x1) < epsilon$1 ? direction > 0 ? 2 : 1 : abs$2(p[1] - y0) < epsilon$1 ? direction > 0 ? 1 : 0 : direction > 0 ? 3 : 2; // abs(p[1] - y1) < epsilon
          }
-       }
-
-       function d3_timeout(callback, delay, time) {
-         var t = new Timer;
-         delay = delay == null ? 0 : +delay;
-         t.restart(function(elapsed) {
-           t.stop();
-           callback(elapsed + delay);
-         }, delay, time);
-         return t;
-       }
 
-       var emptyOn = dispatch("start", "end", "cancel", "interrupt");
-       var emptyTween = [];
+         function compareIntersection(a, b) {
+           return comparePoint(a.x, b.x);
+         }
 
-       var CREATED = 0;
-       var SCHEDULED = 1;
-       var STARTING = 2;
-       var STARTED = 3;
-       var RUNNING = 4;
-       var ENDING = 5;
-       var ENDED = 6;
+         function comparePoint(a, b) {
+           var ca = corner(a, 1),
+               cb = corner(b, 1);
+           return ca !== cb ? ca - cb : ca === 0 ? b[1] - a[1] : ca === 1 ? a[0] - b[0] : ca === 2 ? a[1] - b[1] : b[0] - a[0];
+         }
 
-       function schedule(node, name, id, index, group, timing) {
-         var schedules = node.__transition;
-         if (!schedules) node.__transition = {};
-         else if (id in schedules) return;
-         create$7(node, id, {
-           name: name,
-           index: index, // For context during callback.
-           group: group, // For context during callback.
-           on: emptyOn,
-           tween: emptyTween,
-           time: timing.time,
-           delay: timing.delay,
-           duration: timing.duration,
-           ease: timing.ease,
-           timer: null,
-           state: CREATED
-         });
-       }
+         return function (stream) {
+           var activeStream = stream,
+               bufferStream = clipBuffer(),
+               segments,
+               polygon,
+               ring,
+               x__,
+               y__,
+               v__,
+               // first point
+           x_,
+               y_,
+               v_,
+               // previous point
+           first,
+               clean;
+           var clipStream = {
+             point: point,
+             lineStart: lineStart,
+             lineEnd: lineEnd,
+             polygonStart: polygonStart,
+             polygonEnd: polygonEnd
+           };
 
-       function init(node, id) {
-         var schedule = get$2(node, id);
-         if (schedule.state > CREATED) throw new Error("too late; already scheduled");
-         return schedule;
-       }
+           function point(x, y) {
+             if (visible(x, y)) activeStream.point(x, y);
+           }
 
-       function set$1(node, id) {
-         var schedule = get$2(node, id);
-         if (schedule.state > STARTED) throw new Error("too late; already running");
-         return schedule;
-       }
+           function polygonInside() {
+             var winding = 0;
 
-       function get$2(node, id) {
-         var schedule = node.__transition;
-         if (!schedule || !(schedule = schedule[id])) throw new Error("transition not found");
-         return schedule;
-       }
+             for (var i = 0, n = polygon.length; i < n; ++i) {
+               for (var ring = polygon[i], j = 1, m = ring.length, point = ring[0], a0, a1, b0 = point[0], b1 = point[1]; j < m; ++j) {
+                 a0 = b0, a1 = b1, point = ring[j], b0 = point[0], b1 = point[1];
 
-       function create$7(node, id, self) {
-         var schedules = node.__transition,
-             tween;
+                 if (a1 <= y1) {
+                   if (b1 > y1 && (b0 - a0) * (y1 - a1) > (b1 - a1) * (x0 - a0)) ++winding;
+                 } else {
+                   if (b1 <= y1 && (b0 - a0) * (y1 - a1) < (b1 - a1) * (x0 - a0)) --winding;
+                 }
+               }
+             }
 
-         // Initialize the self timer when the transition is created.
-         // Note the actual delay is not known until the first callback!
-         schedules[id] = self;
-         self.timer = timer(schedule, 0, self.time);
+             return winding;
+           } // Buffer geometry within a polygon and then clip it en masse.
 
-         function schedule(elapsed) {
-           self.state = SCHEDULED;
-           self.timer.restart(start, self.delay, self.time);
 
-           // If the elapsed delay is less than our first sleep, start immediately.
-           if (self.delay <= elapsed) start(elapsed - self.delay);
-         }
+           function polygonStart() {
+             activeStream = bufferStream, segments = [], polygon = [], clean = true;
+           }
 
-         function start(elapsed) {
-           var i, j, n, o;
+           function polygonEnd() {
+             var startInside = polygonInside(),
+                 cleanInside = clean && startInside,
+                 visible = (segments = merge$4(segments)).length;
 
-           // If the state is not SCHEDULED, then we previously errored on start.
-           if (self.state !== SCHEDULED) return stop();
+             if (cleanInside || visible) {
+               stream.polygonStart();
 
-           for (i in schedules) {
-             o = schedules[i];
-             if (o.name !== self.name) continue;
+               if (cleanInside) {
+                 stream.lineStart();
+                 interpolate(null, null, 1, stream);
+                 stream.lineEnd();
+               }
 
-             // While this element already has a starting transition during this frame,
-             // defer starting an interrupting transition until that transition has a
-             // chance to tick (and possibly end); see d3/d3-transition#54!
-             if (o.state === STARTED) return d3_timeout(start);
+               if (visible) {
+                 clipRejoin(segments, compareIntersection, startInside, interpolate, stream);
+               }
 
-             // Interrupt the active transition, if any.
-             if (o.state === RUNNING) {
-               o.state = ENDED;
-               o.timer.stop();
-               o.on.call("interrupt", node, node.__data__, o.index, o.group);
-               delete schedules[i];
+               stream.polygonEnd();
              }
 
-             // Cancel any pre-empted transitions.
-             else if (+i < id) {
-               o.state = ENDED;
-               o.timer.stop();
-               o.on.call("cancel", node, node.__data__, o.index, o.group);
-               delete schedules[i];
-             }
+             activeStream = stream, segments = polygon = ring = null;
            }
 
-           // Defer the first tick to end of the current frame; see d3/d3#1576.
-           // Note the transition may be canceled after start and before the first tick!
-           // Note this must be scheduled before the start event; see d3/d3-transition#16!
-           // Assuming this is successful, subsequent callbacks go straight to tick.
-           d3_timeout(function() {
-             if (self.state === STARTED) {
-               self.state = RUNNING;
-               self.timer.restart(tick, self.delay, self.time);
-               tick(elapsed);
-             }
-           });
+           function lineStart() {
+             clipStream.point = linePoint;
+             if (polygon) polygon.push(ring = []);
+             first = true;
+             v_ = false;
+             x_ = y_ = NaN;
+           } // TODO rather than special-case polygons, simply handle them separately.
+           // Ideally, coincident intersection points should be jittered to avoid
+           // clipping issues.
 
-           // Dispatch the start event.
-           // Note this must be done before the tween are initialized.
-           self.state = STARTING;
-           self.on.call("start", node, node.__data__, self.index, self.group);
-           if (self.state !== STARTING) return; // interrupted
-           self.state = STARTED;
 
-           // Initialize the tween, deleting null tween.
-           tween = new Array(n = self.tween.length);
-           for (i = 0, j = -1; i < n; ++i) {
-             if (o = self.tween[i].value.call(node, node.__data__, self.index, self.group)) {
-               tween[++j] = o;
+           function lineEnd() {
+             if (segments) {
+               linePoint(x__, y__);
+               if (v__ && v_) bufferStream.rejoin();
+               segments.push(bufferStream.result());
              }
-           }
-           tween.length = j + 1;
-         }
-
-         function tick(elapsed) {
-           var t = elapsed < self.duration ? self.ease.call(null, elapsed / self.duration) : (self.timer.restart(stop), self.state = ENDING, 1),
-               i = -1,
-               n = tween.length;
-
-           while (++i < n) {
-             tween[i].call(node, t);
-           }
 
-           // Dispatch the end event.
-           if (self.state === ENDING) {
-             self.on.call("end", node, node.__data__, self.index, self.group);
-             stop();
+             clipStream.point = point;
+             if (v_) activeStream.lineEnd();
            }
-         }
-
-         function stop() {
-           self.state = ENDED;
-           self.timer.stop();
-           delete schedules[id];
-           for (var i in schedules) return; // eslint-disable-line no-unused-vars
-           delete node.__transition;
-         }
-       }
-
-       function interrupt(node, name) {
-         var schedules = node.__transition,
-             schedule,
-             active,
-             empty = true,
-             i;
-
-         if (!schedules) return;
-
-         name = name == null ? null : name + "";
-
-         for (i in schedules) {
-           if ((schedule = schedules[i]).name !== name) { empty = false; continue; }
-           active = schedule.state > STARTING && schedule.state < ENDING;
-           schedule.state = ENDED;
-           schedule.timer.stop();
-           schedule.on.call(active ? "interrupt" : "cancel", node, node.__data__, schedule.index, schedule.group);
-           delete schedules[i];
-         }
-
-         if (empty) delete node.__transition;
-       }
 
-       function selection_interrupt(name) {
-         return this.each(function() {
-           interrupt(this, name);
-         });
-       }
+           function linePoint(x, y) {
+             var v = visible(x, y);
+             if (polygon) ring.push([x, y]);
 
-       function tweenRemove(id, name) {
-         var tween0, tween1;
-         return function() {
-           var schedule = set$1(this, id),
-               tween = schedule.tween;
+             if (first) {
+               x__ = x, y__ = y, v__ = v;
+               first = false;
 
-           // If this node shared tween with the previous node,
-           // just assign the updated shared tween and we’re done!
-           // Otherwise, copy-on-write.
-           if (tween !== tween0) {
-             tween1 = tween0 = tween;
-             for (var i = 0, n = tween1.length; i < n; ++i) {
-               if (tween1[i].name === name) {
-                 tween1 = tween1.slice();
-                 tween1.splice(i, 1);
-                 break;
+               if (v) {
+                 activeStream.lineStart();
+                 activeStream.point(x, y);
                }
-             }
-           }
-
-           schedule.tween = tween1;
-         };
-       }
+             } else {
+               if (v && v_) activeStream.point(x, y);else {
+                 var a = [x_ = Math.max(clipMin, Math.min(clipMax, x_)), y_ = Math.max(clipMin, Math.min(clipMax, y_))],
+                     b = [x = Math.max(clipMin, Math.min(clipMax, x)), y = Math.max(clipMin, Math.min(clipMax, y))];
 
-       function tweenFunction(id, name, value) {
-         var tween0, tween1;
-         if (typeof value !== "function") throw new Error;
-         return function() {
-           var schedule = set$1(this, id),
-               tween = schedule.tween;
+                 if (clipLine(a, b, x0, y0, x1, y1)) {
+                   if (!v_) {
+                     activeStream.lineStart();
+                     activeStream.point(a[0], a[1]);
+                   }
 
-           // If this node shared tween with the previous node,
-           // just assign the updated shared tween and we’re done!
-           // Otherwise, copy-on-write.
-           if (tween !== tween0) {
-             tween1 = (tween0 = tween).slice();
-             for (var t = {name: name, value: value}, i = 0, n = tween1.length; i < n; ++i) {
-               if (tween1[i].name === name) {
-                 tween1[i] = t;
-                 break;
+                   activeStream.point(b[0], b[1]);
+                   if (!v) activeStream.lineEnd();
+                   clean = false;
+                 } else if (v) {
+                   activeStream.lineStart();
+                   activeStream.point(x, y);
+                   clean = false;
+                 }
                }
              }
-             if (i === n) tween1.push(t);
-           }
-
-           schedule.tween = tween1;
-         };
-       }
-
-       function transition_tween(name, value) {
-         var id = this._id;
-
-         name += "";
 
-         if (arguments.length < 2) {
-           var tween = get$2(this.node(), id).tween;
-           for (var i = 0, n = tween.length, t; i < n; ++i) {
-             if ((t = tween[i]).name === name) {
-               return t.value;
-             }
+             x_ = x, y_ = y, v_ = v;
            }
-           return null;
-         }
 
-         return this.each((value == null ? tweenRemove : tweenFunction)(id, name, value));
+           return clipStream;
+         };
        }
 
-       function tweenValue(transition, name, value) {
-         var id = transition._id;
-
-         transition.each(function() {
-           var schedule = set$1(this, id);
-           (schedule.value || (schedule.value = {}))[name] = value.apply(this, arguments);
-         });
+       var lengthSum$1, lambda0, sinPhi0, cosPhi0;
+       var lengthStream$1 = {
+         sphere: noop$1,
+         point: noop$1,
+         lineStart: lengthLineStart,
+         lineEnd: noop$1,
+         polygonStart: noop$1,
+         polygonEnd: noop$1
+       };
 
-         return function(node) {
-           return get$2(node, id).value[name];
-         };
+       function lengthLineStart() {
+         lengthStream$1.point = lengthPointFirst$1;
+         lengthStream$1.lineEnd = lengthLineEnd;
        }
 
-       function interpolate$1(a, b) {
-         var c;
-         return (typeof b === "number" ? d3_interpolateNumber
-             : b instanceof color ? d3_interpolateRgb
-             : (c = color(b)) ? (b = c, d3_interpolateRgb)
-             : interpolateString)(a, b);
+       function lengthLineEnd() {
+         lengthStream$1.point = lengthStream$1.lineEnd = noop$1;
        }
 
-       function attrRemove$1(name) {
-         return function() {
-           this.removeAttribute(name);
-         };
+       function lengthPointFirst$1(lambda, phi) {
+         lambda *= radians, phi *= radians;
+         lambda0 = lambda, sinPhi0 = sin(phi), cosPhi0 = cos(phi);
+         lengthStream$1.point = lengthPoint$1;
        }
 
-       function attrRemoveNS$1(fullname) {
-         return function() {
-           this.removeAttributeNS(fullname.space, fullname.local);
-         };
+       function lengthPoint$1(lambda, phi) {
+         lambda *= radians, phi *= radians;
+         var sinPhi = sin(phi),
+             cosPhi = cos(phi),
+             delta = abs$2(lambda - lambda0),
+             cosDelta = cos(delta),
+             sinDelta = sin(delta),
+             x = cosPhi * sinDelta,
+             y = cosPhi0 * sinPhi - sinPhi0 * cosPhi * cosDelta,
+             z = sinPhi0 * sinPhi + cosPhi0 * cosPhi * cosDelta;
+         lengthSum$1.add(atan2(sqrt(x * x + y * y), z));
+         lambda0 = lambda, sinPhi0 = sinPhi, cosPhi0 = cosPhi;
        }
 
-       function attrConstant$1(name, interpolate, value1) {
-         var string00,
-             string1 = value1 + "",
-             interpolate0;
-         return function() {
-           var string0 = this.getAttribute(name);
-           return string0 === string1 ? null
-               : string0 === string00 ? interpolate0
-               : interpolate0 = interpolate(string00 = string0, value1);
-         };
+       function d3_geoLength (object) {
+         lengthSum$1 = new Adder();
+         d3_geoStream(object, lengthStream$1);
+         return +lengthSum$1;
        }
 
-       function attrConstantNS$1(fullname, interpolate, value1) {
-         var string00,
-             string1 = value1 + "",
-             interpolate0;
-         return function() {
-           var string0 = this.getAttributeNS(fullname.space, fullname.local);
-           return string0 === string1 ? null
-               : string0 === string00 ? interpolate0
-               : interpolate0 = interpolate(string00 = string0, value1);
-         };
-       }
+       var identity$4 = (function (x) {
+         return x;
+       });
 
-       function attrFunction$1(name, interpolate, value) {
-         var string00,
-             string10,
-             interpolate0;
-         return function() {
-           var string0, value1 = value(this), string1;
-           if (value1 == null) return void this.removeAttribute(name);
-           string0 = this.getAttribute(name);
-           string1 = value1 + "";
-           return string0 === string1 ? null
-               : string0 === string00 && string1 === string10 ? interpolate0
-               : (string10 = string1, interpolate0 = interpolate(string00 = string0, value1));
-         };
-       }
+       var areaSum = new Adder(),
+           areaRingSum = new Adder(),
+           x00$2,
+           y00$2,
+           x0$3,
+           y0$3;
+       var areaStream = {
+         point: noop$1,
+         lineStart: noop$1,
+         lineEnd: noop$1,
+         polygonStart: function polygonStart() {
+           areaStream.lineStart = areaRingStart;
+           areaStream.lineEnd = areaRingEnd;
+         },
+         polygonEnd: function polygonEnd() {
+           areaStream.lineStart = areaStream.lineEnd = areaStream.point = noop$1;
+           areaSum.add(abs$2(areaRingSum));
+           areaRingSum = new Adder();
+         },
+         result: function result() {
+           var area = areaSum / 2;
+           areaSum = new Adder();
+           return area;
+         }
+       };
 
-       function attrFunctionNS$1(fullname, interpolate, value) {
-         var string00,
-             string10,
-             interpolate0;
-         return function() {
-           var string0, value1 = value(this), string1;
-           if (value1 == null) return void this.removeAttributeNS(fullname.space, fullname.local);
-           string0 = this.getAttributeNS(fullname.space, fullname.local);
-           string1 = value1 + "";
-           return string0 === string1 ? null
-               : string0 === string00 && string1 === string10 ? interpolate0
-               : (string10 = string1, interpolate0 = interpolate(string00 = string0, value1));
-         };
+       function areaRingStart() {
+         areaStream.point = areaPointFirst;
        }
 
-       function transition_attr(name, value) {
-         var fullname = namespace(name), i = fullname === "transform" ? interpolateTransformSvg : interpolate$1;
-         return this.attrTween(name, typeof value === "function"
-             ? (fullname.local ? attrFunctionNS$1 : attrFunction$1)(fullname, i, tweenValue(this, "attr." + name, value))
-             : value == null ? (fullname.local ? attrRemoveNS$1 : attrRemove$1)(fullname)
-             : (fullname.local ? attrConstantNS$1 : attrConstant$1)(fullname, i, value));
+       function areaPointFirst(x, y) {
+         areaStream.point = areaPoint;
+         x00$2 = x0$3 = x, y00$2 = y0$3 = y;
        }
 
-       function attrInterpolate(name, i) {
-         return function(t) {
-           this.setAttribute(name, i.call(this, t));
-         };
+       function areaPoint(x, y) {
+         areaRingSum.add(y0$3 * x - x0$3 * y);
+         x0$3 = x, y0$3 = y;
        }
 
-       function attrInterpolateNS(fullname, i) {
-         return function(t) {
-           this.setAttributeNS(fullname.space, fullname.local, i.call(this, t));
-         };
+       function areaRingEnd() {
+         areaPoint(x00$2, y00$2);
        }
 
-       function attrTweenNS(fullname, value) {
-         var t0, i0;
-         function tween() {
-           var i = value.apply(this, arguments);
-           if (i !== i0) t0 = (i0 = i) && attrInterpolateNS(fullname, i);
-           return t0;
+       var x0$2 = Infinity,
+           y0$2 = x0$2,
+           x1 = -x0$2,
+           y1 = x1;
+       var boundsStream = {
+         point: boundsPoint,
+         lineStart: noop$1,
+         lineEnd: noop$1,
+         polygonStart: noop$1,
+         polygonEnd: noop$1,
+         result: function result() {
+           var bounds = [[x0$2, y0$2], [x1, y1]];
+           x1 = y1 = -(y0$2 = x0$2 = Infinity);
+           return bounds;
          }
-         tween._value = value;
-         return tween;
+       };
+
+       function boundsPoint(x, y) {
+         if (x < x0$2) x0$2 = x;
+         if (x > x1) x1 = x;
+         if (y < y0$2) y0$2 = y;
+         if (y > y1) y1 = y;
        }
 
-       function attrTween(name, value) {
-         var t0, i0;
-         function tween() {
-           var i = value.apply(this, arguments);
-           if (i !== i0) t0 = (i0 = i) && attrInterpolate(name, i);
-           return t0;
+       var X0 = 0,
+           Y0 = 0,
+           Z0 = 0,
+           X1 = 0,
+           Y1 = 0,
+           Z1 = 0,
+           X2 = 0,
+           Y2 = 0,
+           Z2 = 0,
+           x00$1,
+           y00$1,
+           x0$1,
+           y0$1;
+       var centroidStream = {
+         point: centroidPoint,
+         lineStart: centroidLineStart,
+         lineEnd: centroidLineEnd,
+         polygonStart: function polygonStart() {
+           centroidStream.lineStart = centroidRingStart;
+           centroidStream.lineEnd = centroidRingEnd;
+         },
+         polygonEnd: function polygonEnd() {
+           centroidStream.point = centroidPoint;
+           centroidStream.lineStart = centroidLineStart;
+           centroidStream.lineEnd = centroidLineEnd;
+         },
+         result: function result() {
+           var centroid = Z2 ? [X2 / Z2, Y2 / Z2] : Z1 ? [X1 / Z1, Y1 / Z1] : Z0 ? [X0 / Z0, Y0 / Z0] : [NaN, NaN];
+           X0 = Y0 = Z0 = X1 = Y1 = Z1 = X2 = Y2 = Z2 = 0;
+           return centroid;
          }
-         tween._value = value;
-         return tween;
-       }
+       };
 
-       function transition_attrTween(name, value) {
-         var key = "attr." + name;
-         if (arguments.length < 2) return (key = this.tween(key)) && key._value;
-         if (value == null) return this.tween(key, null);
-         if (typeof value !== "function") throw new Error;
-         var fullname = namespace(name);
-         return this.tween(key, (fullname.local ? attrTweenNS : attrTween)(fullname, value));
+       function centroidPoint(x, y) {
+         X0 += x;
+         Y0 += y;
+         ++Z0;
        }
 
-       function delayFunction(id, value) {
-         return function() {
-           init(this, id).delay = +value.apply(this, arguments);
-         };
+       function centroidLineStart() {
+         centroidStream.point = centroidPointFirstLine;
        }
 
-       function delayConstant(id, value) {
-         return value = +value, function() {
-           init(this, id).delay = value;
-         };
+       function centroidPointFirstLine(x, y) {
+         centroidStream.point = centroidPointLine;
+         centroidPoint(x0$1 = x, y0$1 = y);
        }
 
-       function transition_delay(value) {
-         var id = this._id;
-
-         return arguments.length
-             ? this.each((typeof value === "function"
-                 ? delayFunction
-                 : delayConstant)(id, value))
-             : get$2(this.node(), id).delay;
+       function centroidPointLine(x, y) {
+         var dx = x - x0$1,
+             dy = y - y0$1,
+             z = sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
+         X1 += z * (x0$1 + x) / 2;
+         Y1 += z * (y0$1 + y) / 2;
+         Z1 += z;
+         centroidPoint(x0$1 = x, y0$1 = y);
        }
 
-       function durationFunction(id, value) {
-         return function() {
-           set$1(this, id).duration = +value.apply(this, arguments);
-         };
+       function centroidLineEnd() {
+         centroidStream.point = centroidPoint;
        }
 
-       function durationConstant(id, value) {
-         return value = +value, function() {
-           set$1(this, id).duration = value;
-         };
+       function centroidRingStart() {
+         centroidStream.point = centroidPointFirstRing;
        }
 
-       function transition_duration(value) {
-         var id = this._id;
-
-         return arguments.length
-             ? this.each((typeof value === "function"
-                 ? durationFunction
-                 : durationConstant)(id, value))
-             : get$2(this.node(), id).duration;
+       function centroidRingEnd() {
+         centroidPointRing(x00$1, y00$1);
        }
 
-       function easeConstant(id, value) {
-         if (typeof value !== "function") throw new Error;
-         return function() {
-           set$1(this, id).ease = value;
-         };
+       function centroidPointFirstRing(x, y) {
+         centroidStream.point = centroidPointRing;
+         centroidPoint(x00$1 = x0$1 = x, y00$1 = y0$1 = y);
        }
 
-       function transition_ease(value) {
-         var id = this._id;
+       function centroidPointRing(x, y) {
+         var dx = x - x0$1,
+             dy = y - y0$1,
+             z = sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
+         X1 += z * (x0$1 + x) / 2;
+         Y1 += z * (y0$1 + y) / 2;
+         Z1 += z;
+         z = y0$1 * x - x0$1 * y;
+         X2 += z * (x0$1 + x);
+         Y2 += z * (y0$1 + y);
+         Z2 += z * 3;
+         centroidPoint(x0$1 = x, y0$1 = y);
+       }
 
-         return arguments.length
-             ? this.each(easeConstant(id, value))
-             : get$2(this.node(), id).ease;
+       function PathContext(context) {
+         this._context = context;
        }
+       PathContext.prototype = {
+         _radius: 4.5,
+         pointRadius: function pointRadius(_) {
+           return this._radius = _, this;
+         },
+         polygonStart: function polygonStart() {
+           this._line = 0;
+         },
+         polygonEnd: function polygonEnd() {
+           this._line = NaN;
+         },
+         lineStart: function lineStart() {
+           this._point = 0;
+         },
+         lineEnd: function lineEnd() {
+           if (this._line === 0) this._context.closePath();
+           this._point = NaN;
+         },
+         point: function point(x, y) {
+           switch (this._point) {
+             case 0:
+               {
+                 this._context.moveTo(x, y);
 
-       function transition_filter(match) {
-         if (typeof match !== "function") match = matcher(match);
+                 this._point = 1;
+                 break;
+               }
 
-         for (var groups = this._groups, m = groups.length, subgroups = new Array(m), j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
-           for (var group = groups[j], n = group.length, subgroup = subgroups[j] = [], node, i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-             if ((node = group[i]) && match.call(node, node.__data__, i, group)) {
-               subgroup.push(node);
-             }
-           }
-         }
+             case 1:
+               {
+                 this._context.lineTo(x, y);
 
-         return new Transition(subgroups, this._parents, this._name, this._id);
-       }
+                 break;
+               }
 
-       function transition_merge(transition) {
-         if (transition._id !== this._id) throw new Error;
+             default:
+               {
+                 this._context.moveTo(x + this._radius, y);
 
-         for (var groups0 = this._groups, groups1 = transition._groups, m0 = groups0.length, m1 = groups1.length, m = Math.min(m0, m1), merges = new Array(m0), j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
-           for (var group0 = groups0[j], group1 = groups1[j], n = group0.length, merge = merges[j] = new Array(n), node, i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-             if (node = group0[i] || group1[i]) {
-               merge[i] = node;
-             }
+                 this._context.arc(x, y, this._radius, 0, tau);
+
+                 break;
+               }
            }
-         }
+         },
+         result: noop$1
+       };
 
-         for (; j < m0; ++j) {
-           merges[j] = groups0[j];
+       var lengthSum = new Adder(),
+           lengthRing,
+           x00,
+           y00,
+           x0,
+           y0;
+       var lengthStream = {
+         point: noop$1,
+         lineStart: function lineStart() {
+           lengthStream.point = lengthPointFirst;
+         },
+         lineEnd: function lineEnd() {
+           if (lengthRing) lengthPoint(x00, y00);
+           lengthStream.point = noop$1;
+         },
+         polygonStart: function polygonStart() {
+           lengthRing = true;
+         },
+         polygonEnd: function polygonEnd() {
+           lengthRing = null;
+         },
+         result: function result() {
+           var length = +lengthSum;
+           lengthSum = new Adder();
+           return length;
          }
+       };
 
-         return new Transition(merges, this._parents, this._name, this._id);
+       function lengthPointFirst(x, y) {
+         lengthStream.point = lengthPoint;
+         x00 = x0 = x, y00 = y0 = y;
        }
 
-       function start(name) {
-         return (name + "").trim().split(/^|\s+/).every(function(t) {
-           var i = t.indexOf(".");
-           if (i >= 0) t = t.slice(0, i);
-           return !t || t === "start";
-         });
+       function lengthPoint(x, y) {
+         x0 -= x, y0 -= y;
+         lengthSum.add(sqrt(x0 * x0 + y0 * y0));
+         x0 = x, y0 = y;
        }
 
-       function onFunction(id, name, listener) {
-         var on0, on1, sit = start(name) ? init : set$1;
-         return function() {
-           var schedule = sit(this, id),
-               on = schedule.on;
-
-           // If this node shared a dispatch with the previous node,
-           // just assign the updated shared dispatch and we’re done!
-           // Otherwise, copy-on-write.
-           if (on !== on0) (on1 = (on0 = on).copy()).on(name, listener);
-
-           schedule.on = on1;
-         };
+       function PathString() {
+         this._string = [];
        }
+       PathString.prototype = {
+         _radius: 4.5,
+         _circle: circle(4.5),
+         pointRadius: function pointRadius(_) {
+           if ((_ = +_) !== this._radius) this._radius = _, this._circle = null;
+           return this;
+         },
+         polygonStart: function polygonStart() {
+           this._line = 0;
+         },
+         polygonEnd: function polygonEnd() {
+           this._line = NaN;
+         },
+         lineStart: function lineStart() {
+           this._point = 0;
+         },
+         lineEnd: function lineEnd() {
+           if (this._line === 0) this._string.push("Z");
+           this._point = NaN;
+         },
+         point: function point(x, y) {
+           switch (this._point) {
+             case 0:
+               {
+                 this._string.push("M", x, ",", y);
 
-       function transition_on(name, listener) {
-         var id = this._id;
+                 this._point = 1;
+                 break;
+               }
 
-         return arguments.length < 2
-             ? get$2(this.node(), id).on.on(name)
-             : this.each(onFunction(id, name, listener));
-       }
+             case 1:
+               {
+                 this._string.push("L", x, ",", y);
 
-       function removeFunction(id) {
-         return function() {
-           var parent = this.parentNode;
-           for (var i in this.__transition) if (+i !== id) return;
-           if (parent) parent.removeChild(this);
-         };
-       }
+                 break;
+               }
 
-       function transition_remove() {
-         return this.on("end.remove", removeFunction(this._id));
-       }
+             default:
+               {
+                 if (this._circle == null) this._circle = circle(this._radius);
 
-       function transition_select(select) {
-         var name = this._name,
-             id = this._id;
+                 this._string.push("M", x, ",", y, this._circle);
 
-         if (typeof select !== "function") select = selector(select);
+                 break;
+               }
+           }
+         },
+         result: function result() {
+           if (this._string.length) {
+             var result = this._string.join("");
 
-         for (var groups = this._groups, m = groups.length, subgroups = new Array(m), j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
-           for (var group = groups[j], n = group.length, subgroup = subgroups[j] = new Array(n), node, subnode, i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-             if ((node = group[i]) && (subnode = select.call(node, node.__data__, i, group))) {
-               if ("__data__" in node) subnode.__data__ = node.__data__;
-               subgroup[i] = subnode;
-               schedule(subgroup[i], name, id, i, subgroup, get$2(node, id));
-             }
+             this._string = [];
+             return result;
+           } else {
+             return null;
            }
          }
+       };
 
-         return new Transition(subgroups, this._parents, name, id);
+       function circle(radius) {
+         return "m0," + radius + "a" + radius + "," + radius + " 0 1,1 0," + -2 * radius + "a" + radius + "," + radius + " 0 1,1 0," + 2 * radius + "z";
        }
 
-       function transition_selectAll(select) {
-         var name = this._name,
-             id = this._id;
-
-         if (typeof select !== "function") select = selectorAll(select);
+       function d3_geoPath (projection, context) {
+         var pointRadius = 4.5,
+             projectionStream,
+             contextStream;
 
-         for (var groups = this._groups, m = groups.length, subgroups = [], parents = [], j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
-           for (var group = groups[j], n = group.length, node, i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-             if (node = group[i]) {
-               for (var children = select.call(node, node.__data__, i, group), child, inherit = get$2(node, id), k = 0, l = children.length; k < l; ++k) {
-                 if (child = children[k]) {
-                   schedule(child, name, id, k, children, inherit);
-                 }
-               }
-               subgroups.push(children);
-               parents.push(node);
-             }
+         function path(object) {
+           if (object) {
+             if (typeof pointRadius === "function") contextStream.pointRadius(+pointRadius.apply(this, arguments));
+             d3_geoStream(object, projectionStream(contextStream));
            }
-         }
 
-         return new Transition(subgroups, parents, name, id);
-       }
+           return contextStream.result();
+         }
 
-       var Selection$1 = selection.prototype.constructor;
+         path.area = function (object) {
+           d3_geoStream(object, projectionStream(areaStream));
+           return areaStream.result();
+         };
 
-       function transition_selection() {
-         return new Selection$1(this._groups, this._parents);
-       }
+         path.measure = function (object) {
+           d3_geoStream(object, projectionStream(lengthStream));
+           return lengthStream.result();
+         };
 
-       function styleNull(name, interpolate) {
-         var string00,
-             string10,
-             interpolate0;
-         return function() {
-           var string0 = styleValue(this, name),
-               string1 = (this.style.removeProperty(name), styleValue(this, name));
-           return string0 === string1 ? null
-               : string0 === string00 && string1 === string10 ? interpolate0
-               : interpolate0 = interpolate(string00 = string0, string10 = string1);
+         path.bounds = function (object) {
+           d3_geoStream(object, projectionStream(boundsStream));
+           return boundsStream.result();
          };
-       }
 
-       function styleRemove$1(name) {
-         return function() {
-           this.style.removeProperty(name);
+         path.centroid = function (object) {
+           d3_geoStream(object, projectionStream(centroidStream));
+           return centroidStream.result();
          };
-       }
 
-       function styleConstant$1(name, interpolate, value1) {
-         var string00,
-             string1 = value1 + "",
-             interpolate0;
-         return function() {
-           var string0 = styleValue(this, name);
-           return string0 === string1 ? null
-               : string0 === string00 ? interpolate0
-               : interpolate0 = interpolate(string00 = string0, value1);
+         path.projection = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (projectionStream = _ == null ? (projection = null, identity$4) : (projection = _).stream, path) : projection;
          };
-       }
 
-       function styleFunction$1(name, interpolate, value) {
-         var string00,
-             string10,
-             interpolate0;
-         return function() {
-           var string0 = styleValue(this, name),
-               value1 = value(this),
-               string1 = value1 + "";
-           if (value1 == null) string1 = value1 = (this.style.removeProperty(name), styleValue(this, name));
-           return string0 === string1 ? null
-               : string0 === string00 && string1 === string10 ? interpolate0
-               : (string10 = string1, interpolate0 = interpolate(string00 = string0, value1));
+         path.context = function (_) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return context;
+           contextStream = _ == null ? (context = null, new PathString()) : new PathContext(context = _);
+           if (typeof pointRadius !== "function") contextStream.pointRadius(pointRadius);
+           return path;
          };
-       }
 
-       function styleMaybeRemove(id, name) {
-         var on0, on1, listener0, key = "style." + name, event = "end." + key, remove;
-         return function() {
-           var schedule = set$1(this, id),
-               on = schedule.on,
-               listener = schedule.value[key] == null ? remove || (remove = styleRemove$1(name)) : undefined;
+         path.pointRadius = function (_) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return pointRadius;
+           pointRadius = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : (contextStream.pointRadius(+_), +_);
+           return path;
+         };
 
-           // If this node shared a dispatch with the previous node,
-           // just assign the updated shared dispatch and we’re done!
-           // Otherwise, copy-on-write.
-           if (on !== on0 || listener0 !== listener) (on1 = (on0 = on).copy()).on(event, listener0 = listener);
+         return path.projection(projection).context(context);
+       }
 
-           schedule.on = on1;
+       function d3_geoTransform (methods) {
+         return {
+           stream: transformer$1(methods)
          };
        }
+       function transformer$1(methods) {
+         return function (stream) {
+           var s = new TransformStream();
 
-       function transition_style(name, value, priority) {
-         var i = (name += "") === "transform" ? interpolateTransformCss : interpolate$1;
-         return value == null ? this
-             .styleTween(name, styleNull(name, i))
-             .on("end.style." + name, styleRemove$1(name))
-           : typeof value === "function" ? this
-             .styleTween(name, styleFunction$1(name, i, tweenValue(this, "style." + name, value)))
-             .each(styleMaybeRemove(this._id, name))
-           : this
-             .styleTween(name, styleConstant$1(name, i, value), priority)
-             .on("end.style." + name, null);
-       }
+           for (var key in methods) {
+             s[key] = methods[key];
+           }
 
-       function styleInterpolate(name, i, priority) {
-         return function(t) {
-           this.style.setProperty(name, i.call(this, t), priority);
+           s.stream = stream;
+           return s;
          };
        }
 
-       function styleTween(name, value, priority) {
-         var t, i0;
-         function tween() {
-           var i = value.apply(this, arguments);
-           if (i !== i0) t = (i0 = i) && styleInterpolate(name, i, priority);
-           return t;
+       function TransformStream() {}
+
+       TransformStream.prototype = {
+         constructor: TransformStream,
+         point: function point(x, y) {
+           this.stream.point(x, y);
+         },
+         sphere: function sphere() {
+           this.stream.sphere();
+         },
+         lineStart: function lineStart() {
+           this.stream.lineStart();
+         },
+         lineEnd: function lineEnd() {
+           this.stream.lineEnd();
+         },
+         polygonStart: function polygonStart() {
+           this.stream.polygonStart();
+         },
+         polygonEnd: function polygonEnd() {
+           this.stream.polygonEnd();
          }
-         tween._value = value;
-         return tween;
-       }
+       };
 
-       function transition_styleTween(name, value, priority) {
-         var key = "style." + (name += "");
-         if (arguments.length < 2) return (key = this.tween(key)) && key._value;
-         if (value == null) return this.tween(key, null);
-         if (typeof value !== "function") throw new Error;
-         return this.tween(key, styleTween(name, value, priority == null ? "" : priority));
+       function fit(projection, fitBounds, object) {
+         var clip = projection.clipExtent && projection.clipExtent();
+         projection.scale(150).translate([0, 0]);
+         if (clip != null) projection.clipExtent(null);
+         d3_geoStream(object, projection.stream(boundsStream));
+         fitBounds(boundsStream.result());
+         if (clip != null) projection.clipExtent(clip);
+         return projection;
        }
 
-       function textConstant$1(value) {
-         return function() {
-           this.textContent = value;
-         };
+       function fitExtent(projection, extent, object) {
+         return fit(projection, function (b) {
+           var w = extent[1][0] - extent[0][0],
+               h = extent[1][1] - extent[0][1],
+               k = Math.min(w / (b[1][0] - b[0][0]), h / (b[1][1] - b[0][1])),
+               x = +extent[0][0] + (w - k * (b[1][0] + b[0][0])) / 2,
+               y = +extent[0][1] + (h - k * (b[1][1] + b[0][1])) / 2;
+           projection.scale(150 * k).translate([x, y]);
+         }, object);
        }
-
-       function textFunction$1(value) {
-         return function() {
-           var value1 = value(this);
-           this.textContent = value1 == null ? "" : value1;
-         };
+       function fitSize(projection, size, object) {
+         return fitExtent(projection, [[0, 0], size], object);
        }
-
-       function transition_text(value) {
-         return this.tween("text", typeof value === "function"
-             ? textFunction$1(tweenValue(this, "text", value))
-             : textConstant$1(value == null ? "" : value + ""));
+       function fitWidth(projection, width, object) {
+         return fit(projection, function (b) {
+           var w = +width,
+               k = w / (b[1][0] - b[0][0]),
+               x = (w - k * (b[1][0] + b[0][0])) / 2,
+               y = -k * b[0][1];
+           projection.scale(150 * k).translate([x, y]);
+         }, object);
        }
-
-       function textInterpolate(i) {
-         return function(t) {
-           this.textContent = i.call(this, t);
-         };
+       function fitHeight(projection, height, object) {
+         return fit(projection, function (b) {
+           var h = +height,
+               k = h / (b[1][1] - b[0][1]),
+               x = -k * b[0][0],
+               y = (h - k * (b[1][1] + b[0][1])) / 2;
+           projection.scale(150 * k).translate([x, y]);
+         }, object);
        }
 
-       function textTween(value) {
-         var t0, i0;
-         function tween() {
-           var i = value.apply(this, arguments);
-           if (i !== i0) t0 = (i0 = i) && textInterpolate(i);
-           return t0;
-         }
-         tween._value = value;
-         return tween;
+       var maxDepth = 16,
+           // maximum depth of subdivision
+       cosMinDistance = cos(30 * radians); // cos(minimum angular distance)
+
+       function resample (project, delta2) {
+         return +delta2 ? resample$1(project, delta2) : resampleNone(project);
        }
 
-       function transition_textTween(value) {
-         var key = "text";
-         if (arguments.length < 1) return (key = this.tween(key)) && key._value;
-         if (value == null) return this.tween(key, null);
-         if (typeof value !== "function") throw new Error;
-         return this.tween(key, textTween(value));
+       function resampleNone(project) {
+         return transformer$1({
+           point: function point(x, y) {
+             x = project(x, y);
+             this.stream.point(x[0], x[1]);
+           }
+         });
        }
 
-       function transition_transition() {
-         var name = this._name,
-             id0 = this._id,
-             id1 = newId();
+       function resample$1(project, delta2) {
+         function resampleLineTo(x0, y0, lambda0, a0, b0, c0, x1, y1, lambda1, a1, b1, c1, depth, stream) {
+           var dx = x1 - x0,
+               dy = y1 - y0,
+               d2 = dx * dx + dy * dy;
 
-         for (var groups = this._groups, m = groups.length, j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
-           for (var group = groups[j], n = group.length, node, i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-             if (node = group[i]) {
-               var inherit = get$2(node, id0);
-               schedule(node, name, id1, i, group, {
-                 time: inherit.time + inherit.delay + inherit.duration,
-                 delay: 0,
-                 duration: inherit.duration,
-                 ease: inherit.ease
-               });
+           if (d2 > 4 * delta2 && depth--) {
+             var a = a0 + a1,
+                 b = b0 + b1,
+                 c = c0 + c1,
+                 m = sqrt(a * a + b * b + c * c),
+                 phi2 = asin(c /= m),
+                 lambda2 = abs$2(abs$2(c) - 1) < epsilon$1 || abs$2(lambda0 - lambda1) < epsilon$1 ? (lambda0 + lambda1) / 2 : atan2(b, a),
+                 p = project(lambda2, phi2),
+                 x2 = p[0],
+                 y2 = p[1],
+                 dx2 = x2 - x0,
+                 dy2 = y2 - y0,
+                 dz = dy * dx2 - dx * dy2;
+
+             if (dz * dz / d2 > delta2 // perpendicular projected distance
+             || abs$2((dx * dx2 + dy * dy2) / d2 - 0.5) > 0.3 // midpoint close to an end
+             || a0 * a1 + b0 * b1 + c0 * c1 < cosMinDistance) {
+               // angular distance
+               resampleLineTo(x0, y0, lambda0, a0, b0, c0, x2, y2, lambda2, a /= m, b /= m, c, depth, stream);
+               stream.point(x2, y2);
+               resampleLineTo(x2, y2, lambda2, a, b, c, x1, y1, lambda1, a1, b1, c1, depth, stream);
              }
            }
          }
 
-         return new Transition(groups, this._parents, name, id1);
-       }
-
-       function transition_end() {
-         var on0, on1, that = this, id = that._id, size = that.size();
-         return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
-           var cancel = {value: reject},
-               end = {value: function() { if (--size === 0) resolve(); }};
-
-           that.each(function() {
-             var schedule = set$1(this, id),
-                 on = schedule.on;
+         return function (stream) {
+           var lambda00, x00, y00, a00, b00, c00, // first point
+           lambda0, x0, y0, a0, b0, c0; // previous point
 
-             // If this node shared a dispatch with the previous node,
-             // just assign the updated shared dispatch and we’re done!
-             // Otherwise, copy-on-write.
-             if (on !== on0) {
-               on1 = (on0 = on).copy();
-               on1._.cancel.push(cancel);
-               on1._.interrupt.push(cancel);
-               on1._.end.push(end);
+           var resampleStream = {
+             point: point,
+             lineStart: lineStart,
+             lineEnd: lineEnd,
+             polygonStart: function polygonStart() {
+               stream.polygonStart();
+               resampleStream.lineStart = ringStart;
+             },
+             polygonEnd: function polygonEnd() {
+               stream.polygonEnd();
+               resampleStream.lineStart = lineStart;
              }
+           };
 
-             schedule.on = on1;
-           });
-         });
-       }
-
-       var id$3 = 0;
+           function point(x, y) {
+             x = project(x, y);
+             stream.point(x[0], x[1]);
+           }
 
-       function Transition(groups, parents, name, id) {
-         this._groups = groups;
-         this._parents = parents;
-         this._name = name;
-         this._id = id;
-       }
+           function lineStart() {
+             x0 = NaN;
+             resampleStream.point = linePoint;
+             stream.lineStart();
+           }
 
-       function transition(name) {
-         return selection().transition(name);
-       }
+           function linePoint(lambda, phi) {
+             var c = cartesian([lambda, phi]),
+                 p = project(lambda, phi);
+             resampleLineTo(x0, y0, lambda0, a0, b0, c0, x0 = p[0], y0 = p[1], lambda0 = lambda, a0 = c[0], b0 = c[1], c0 = c[2], maxDepth, stream);
+             stream.point(x0, y0);
+           }
 
-       function newId() {
-         return ++id$3;
-       }
+           function lineEnd() {
+             resampleStream.point = point;
+             stream.lineEnd();
+           }
 
-       var selection_prototype = selection.prototype;
+           function ringStart() {
+             lineStart();
+             resampleStream.point = ringPoint;
+             resampleStream.lineEnd = ringEnd;
+           }
 
-       Transition.prototype = transition.prototype = {
-         constructor: Transition,
-         select: transition_select,
-         selectAll: transition_selectAll,
-         filter: transition_filter,
-         merge: transition_merge,
-         selection: transition_selection,
-         transition: transition_transition,
-         call: selection_prototype.call,
-         nodes: selection_prototype.nodes,
-         node: selection_prototype.node,
-         size: selection_prototype.size,
-         empty: selection_prototype.empty,
-         each: selection_prototype.each,
-         on: transition_on,
-         attr: transition_attr,
-         attrTween: transition_attrTween,
-         style: transition_style,
-         styleTween: transition_styleTween,
-         text: transition_text,
-         textTween: transition_textTween,
-         remove: transition_remove,
-         tween: transition_tween,
-         delay: transition_delay,
-         duration: transition_duration,
-         ease: transition_ease,
-         end: transition_end
-       };
+           function ringPoint(lambda, phi) {
+             linePoint(lambda00 = lambda, phi), x00 = x0, y00 = y0, a00 = a0, b00 = b0, c00 = c0;
+             resampleStream.point = linePoint;
+           }
 
-       function linear$1(t) {
-         return +t;
-       }
+           function ringEnd() {
+             resampleLineTo(x0, y0, lambda0, a0, b0, c0, x00, y00, lambda00, a00, b00, c00, maxDepth, stream);
+             resampleStream.lineEnd = lineEnd;
+             lineEnd();
+           }
 
-       function cubicInOut(t) {
-         return ((t *= 2) <= 1 ? t * t * t : (t -= 2) * t * t + 2) / 2;
+           return resampleStream;
+         };
        }
 
-       var defaultTiming = {
-         time: null, // Set on use.
-         delay: 0,
-         duration: 250,
-         ease: cubicInOut
-       };
+       var transformRadians = transformer$1({
+         point: function point(x, y) {
+           this.stream.point(x * radians, y * radians);
+         }
+       });
 
-       function inherit(node, id) {
-         var timing;
-         while (!(timing = node.__transition) || !(timing = timing[id])) {
-           if (!(node = node.parentNode)) {
-             return defaultTiming.time = now(), defaultTiming;
+       function transformRotate(rotate) {
+         return transformer$1({
+           point: function point(x, y) {
+             var r = rotate(x, y);
+             return this.stream.point(r[0], r[1]);
            }
-         }
-         return timing;
+         });
        }
 
-       function selection_transition(name) {
-         var id,
-             timing;
-
-         if (name instanceof Transition) {
-           id = name._id, name = name._name;
-         } else {
-           id = newId(), (timing = defaultTiming).time = now(), name = name == null ? null : name + "";
+       function scaleTranslate(k, dx, dy, sx, sy) {
+         function transform(x, y) {
+           x *= sx;
+           y *= sy;
+           return [dx + k * x, dy - k * y];
          }
 
-         for (var groups = this._groups, m = groups.length, j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
-           for (var group = groups[j], n = group.length, node, i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-             if (node = group[i]) {
-               schedule(node, name, id, i, group, timing || inherit(node, id));
-             }
-           }
-         }
+         transform.invert = function (x, y) {
+           return [(x - dx) / k * sx, (dy - y) / k * sy];
+         };
 
-         return new Transition(groups, this._parents, name, id);
+         return transform;
        }
 
-       selection.prototype.interrupt = selection_interrupt;
-       selection.prototype.transition = selection_transition;
+       function scaleTranslateRotate(k, dx, dy, sx, sy, alpha) {
+         if (!alpha) return scaleTranslate(k, dx, dy, sx, sy);
+         var cosAlpha = cos(alpha),
+             sinAlpha = sin(alpha),
+             a = cosAlpha * k,
+             b = sinAlpha * k,
+             ai = cosAlpha / k,
+             bi = sinAlpha / k,
+             ci = (sinAlpha * dy - cosAlpha * dx) / k,
+             fi = (sinAlpha * dx + cosAlpha * dy) / k;
 
-       function constant$3(x) {
-         return function() {
-           return x;
+         function transform(x, y) {
+           x *= sx;
+           y *= sy;
+           return [a * x - b * y + dx, dy - b * x - a * y];
+         }
+
+         transform.invert = function (x, y) {
+           return [sx * (ai * x - bi * y + ci), sy * (fi - bi * x - ai * y)];
          };
-       }
 
-       function ZoomEvent(target, type, transform) {
-         this.target = target;
-         this.type = type;
-         this.transform = transform;
+         return transform;
        }
 
-       function Transform(k, x, y) {
-         this.k = k;
-         this.x = x;
-         this.y = y;
+       function projection(project) {
+         return projectionMutator(function () {
+           return project;
+         })();
        }
+       function projectionMutator(projectAt) {
+         var project,
+             k = 150,
+             // scale
+         x = 480,
+             y = 250,
+             // translate
+         lambda = 0,
+             phi = 0,
+             // center
+         deltaLambda = 0,
+             deltaPhi = 0,
+             deltaGamma = 0,
+             rotate,
+             // pre-rotate
+         alpha = 0,
+             // post-rotate angle
+         sx = 1,
+             // reflectX
+         sy = 1,
+             // reflectX
+         theta = null,
+             preclip = clipAntimeridian,
+             // pre-clip angle
+         x0 = null,
+             y0,
+             x1,
+             y1,
+             postclip = identity$4,
+             // post-clip extent
+         delta2 = 0.5,
+             // precision
+         projectResample,
+             projectTransform,
+             projectRotateTransform,
+             cache,
+             cacheStream;
 
-       Transform.prototype = {
-         constructor: Transform,
-         scale: function(k) {
-           return k === 1 ? this : new Transform(this.k * k, this.x, this.y);
-         },
-         translate: function(x, y) {
-           return x === 0 & y === 0 ? this : new Transform(this.k, this.x + this.k * x, this.y + this.k * y);
-         },
-         apply: function(point) {
-           return [point[0] * this.k + this.x, point[1] * this.k + this.y];
-         },
-         applyX: function(x) {
-           return x * this.k + this.x;
-         },
-         applyY: function(y) {
-           return y * this.k + this.y;
-         },
-         invert: function(location) {
-           return [(location[0] - this.x) / this.k, (location[1] - this.y) / this.k];
-         },
-         invertX: function(x) {
-           return (x - this.x) / this.k;
-         },
-         invertY: function(y) {
-           return (y - this.y) / this.k;
-         },
-         rescaleX: function(x) {
-           return x.copy().domain(x.range().map(this.invertX, this).map(x.invert, x));
-         },
-         rescaleY: function(y) {
-           return y.copy().domain(y.range().map(this.invertY, this).map(y.invert, y));
-         },
-         toString: function() {
-           return "translate(" + this.x + "," + this.y + ") scale(" + this.k + ")";
+         function projection(point) {
+           return projectRotateTransform(point[0] * radians, point[1] * radians);
          }
-       };
 
-       var identity$2 = new Transform(1, 0, 0);
-
-       function nopropagation$1() {
-         event.stopImmediatePropagation();
-       }
+         function invert(point) {
+           point = projectRotateTransform.invert(point[0], point[1]);
+           return point && [point[0] * degrees$1, point[1] * degrees$1];
+         }
 
-       function noevent$1() {
-         event.preventDefault();
-         event.stopImmediatePropagation();
-       }
+         projection.stream = function (stream) {
+           return cache && cacheStream === stream ? cache : cache = transformRadians(transformRotate(rotate)(preclip(projectResample(postclip(cacheStream = stream)))));
+         };
 
-       // Ignore right-click, since that should open the context menu.
-       function defaultFilter$1() {
-         return !event.ctrlKey && !event.button;
-       }
+         projection.preclip = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (preclip = _, theta = undefined, reset()) : preclip;
+         };
 
-       function defaultExtent() {
-         var e = this;
-         if (e instanceof SVGElement) {
-           e = e.ownerSVGElement || e;
-           if (e.hasAttribute("viewBox")) {
-             e = e.viewBox.baseVal;
-             return [[e.x, e.y], [e.x + e.width, e.y + e.height]];
-           }
-           return [[0, 0], [e.width.baseVal.value, e.height.baseVal.value]];
-         }
-         return [[0, 0], [e.clientWidth, e.clientHeight]];
-       }
+         projection.postclip = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (postclip = _, x0 = y0 = x1 = y1 = null, reset()) : postclip;
+         };
 
-       function defaultTransform() {
-         return this.__zoom || identity$2;
-       }
+         projection.clipAngle = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (preclip = +_ ? clipCircle(theta = _ * radians) : (theta = null, clipAntimeridian), reset()) : theta * degrees$1;
+         };
 
-       function defaultWheelDelta() {
-         return -event.deltaY * (event.deltaMode === 1 ? 0.05 : event.deltaMode ? 1 : 0.002);
-       }
+         projection.clipExtent = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (postclip = _ == null ? (x0 = y0 = x1 = y1 = null, identity$4) : clipRectangle(x0 = +_[0][0], y0 = +_[0][1], x1 = +_[1][0], y1 = +_[1][1]), reset()) : x0 == null ? null : [[x0, y0], [x1, y1]];
+         };
 
-       function defaultTouchable$1() {
-         return navigator.maxTouchPoints || ("ontouchstart" in this);
-       }
+         projection.scale = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (k = +_, recenter()) : k;
+         };
 
-       function defaultConstrain(transform, extent, translateExtent) {
-         var dx0 = transform.invertX(extent[0][0]) - translateExtent[0][0],
-             dx1 = transform.invertX(extent[1][0]) - translateExtent[1][0],
-             dy0 = transform.invertY(extent[0][1]) - translateExtent[0][1],
-             dy1 = transform.invertY(extent[1][1]) - translateExtent[1][1];
-         return transform.translate(
-           dx1 > dx0 ? (dx0 + dx1) / 2 : Math.min(0, dx0) || Math.max(0, dx1),
-           dy1 > dy0 ? (dy0 + dy1) / 2 : Math.min(0, dy0) || Math.max(0, dy1)
-         );
-       }
+         projection.translate = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (x = +_[0], y = +_[1], recenter()) : [x, y];
+         };
 
-       function d3_zoom() {
-         var filter = defaultFilter$1,
-             extent = defaultExtent,
-             constrain = defaultConstrain,
-             wheelDelta = defaultWheelDelta,
-             touchable = defaultTouchable$1,
-             scaleExtent = [0, Infinity],
-             translateExtent = [[-Infinity, -Infinity], [Infinity, Infinity]],
-             duration = 250,
-             interpolate = interpolateZoom,
-             listeners = dispatch("start", "zoom", "end"),
-             touchstarting,
-             touchending,
-             touchDelay = 500,
-             wheelDelay = 150,
-             clickDistance2 = 0;
+         projection.center = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (lambda = _[0] % 360 * radians, phi = _[1] % 360 * radians, recenter()) : [lambda * degrees$1, phi * degrees$1];
+         };
 
-         function zoom(selection) {
-           selection
-               .property("__zoom", defaultTransform)
-               .on("wheel.zoom", wheeled)
-               .on("mousedown.zoom", mousedowned)
-               .on("dblclick.zoom", dblclicked)
-             .filter(touchable)
-               .on("touchstart.zoom", touchstarted)
-               .on("touchmove.zoom", touchmoved)
-               .on("touchend.zoom touchcancel.zoom", touchended)
-               .style("touch-action", "none")
-               .style("-webkit-tap-highlight-color", "rgba(0,0,0,0)");
-         }
-
-         zoom.transform = function(collection, transform, point) {
-           var selection = collection.selection ? collection.selection() : collection;
-           selection.property("__zoom", defaultTransform);
-           if (collection !== selection) {
-             schedule(collection, transform, point);
-           } else {
-             selection.interrupt().each(function() {
-               gesture(this, arguments)
-                   .start()
-                   .zoom(null, typeof transform === "function" ? transform.apply(this, arguments) : transform)
-                   .end();
-             });
-           }
+         projection.rotate = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (deltaLambda = _[0] % 360 * radians, deltaPhi = _[1] % 360 * radians, deltaGamma = _.length > 2 ? _[2] % 360 * radians : 0, recenter()) : [deltaLambda * degrees$1, deltaPhi * degrees$1, deltaGamma * degrees$1];
          };
 
-         zoom.scaleBy = function(selection, k, p) {
-           zoom.scaleTo(selection, function() {
-             var k0 = this.__zoom.k,
-                 k1 = typeof k === "function" ? k.apply(this, arguments) : k;
-             return k0 * k1;
-           }, p);
+         projection.angle = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (alpha = _ % 360 * radians, recenter()) : alpha * degrees$1;
          };
 
-         zoom.scaleTo = function(selection, k, p) {
-           zoom.transform(selection, function() {
-             var e = extent.apply(this, arguments),
-                 t0 = this.__zoom,
-                 p0 = p == null ? centroid(e) : typeof p === "function" ? p.apply(this, arguments) : p,
-                 p1 = t0.invert(p0),
-                 k1 = typeof k === "function" ? k.apply(this, arguments) : k;
-             return constrain(translate(scale(t0, k1), p0, p1), e, translateExtent);
-           }, p);
+         projection.reflectX = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (sx = _ ? -1 : 1, recenter()) : sx < 0;
          };
 
-         zoom.translateBy = function(selection, x, y) {
-           zoom.transform(selection, function() {
-             return constrain(this.__zoom.translate(
-               typeof x === "function" ? x.apply(this, arguments) : x,
-               typeof y === "function" ? y.apply(this, arguments) : y
-             ), extent.apply(this, arguments), translateExtent);
-           });
+         projection.reflectY = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (sy = _ ? -1 : 1, recenter()) : sy < 0;
          };
 
-         zoom.translateTo = function(selection, x, y, p) {
-           zoom.transform(selection, function() {
-             var e = extent.apply(this, arguments),
-                 t = this.__zoom,
-                 p0 = p == null ? centroid(e) : typeof p === "function" ? p.apply(this, arguments) : p;
-             return constrain(identity$2.translate(p0[0], p0[1]).scale(t.k).translate(
-               typeof x === "function" ? -x.apply(this, arguments) : -x,
-               typeof y === "function" ? -y.apply(this, arguments) : -y
-             ), e, translateExtent);
-           }, p);
+         projection.precision = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (projectResample = resample(projectTransform, delta2 = _ * _), reset()) : sqrt(delta2);
          };
 
-         function scale(transform, k) {
-           k = Math.max(scaleExtent[0], Math.min(scaleExtent[1], k));
-           return k === transform.k ? transform : new Transform(k, transform.x, transform.y);
-         }
+         projection.fitExtent = function (extent, object) {
+           return fitExtent(projection, extent, object);
+         };
 
-         function translate(transform, p0, p1) {
-           var x = p0[0] - p1[0] * transform.k, y = p0[1] - p1[1] * transform.k;
-           return x === transform.x && y === transform.y ? transform : new Transform(transform.k, x, y);
-         }
+         projection.fitSize = function (size, object) {
+           return fitSize(projection, size, object);
+         };
 
-         function centroid(extent) {
-           return [(+extent[0][0] + +extent[1][0]) / 2, (+extent[0][1] + +extent[1][1]) / 2];
-         }
+         projection.fitWidth = function (width, object) {
+           return fitWidth(projection, width, object);
+         };
 
-         function schedule(transition, transform, point) {
-           transition
-               .on("start.zoom", function() { gesture(this, arguments).start(); })
-               .on("interrupt.zoom end.zoom", function() { gesture(this, arguments).end(); })
-               .tween("zoom", function() {
-                 var that = this,
-                     args = arguments,
-                     g = gesture(that, args),
-                     e = extent.apply(that, args),
-                     p = point == null ? centroid(e) : typeof point === "function" ? point.apply(that, args) : point,
-                     w = Math.max(e[1][0] - e[0][0], e[1][1] - e[0][1]),
-                     a = that.__zoom,
-                     b = typeof transform === "function" ? transform.apply(that, args) : transform,
-                     i = interpolate(a.invert(p).concat(w / a.k), b.invert(p).concat(w / b.k));
-                 return function(t) {
-                   if (t === 1) t = b; // Avoid rounding error on end.
-                   else { var l = i(t), k = w / l[2]; t = new Transform(k, p[0] - l[0] * k, p[1] - l[1] * k); }
-                   g.zoom(null, t);
-                 };
-               });
-         }
+         projection.fitHeight = function (height, object) {
+           return fitHeight(projection, height, object);
+         };
 
-         function gesture(that, args, clean) {
-           return (!clean && that.__zooming) || new Gesture(that, args);
+         function recenter() {
+           var center = scaleTranslateRotate(k, 0, 0, sx, sy, alpha).apply(null, project(lambda, phi)),
+               transform = scaleTranslateRotate(k, x - center[0], y - center[1], sx, sy, alpha);
+           rotate = rotateRadians(deltaLambda, deltaPhi, deltaGamma);
+           projectTransform = compose(project, transform);
+           projectRotateTransform = compose(rotate, projectTransform);
+           projectResample = resample(projectTransform, delta2);
+           return reset();
          }
 
-         function Gesture(that, args) {
-           this.that = that;
-           this.args = args;
-           this.active = 0;
-           this.extent = extent.apply(that, args);
-           this.taps = 0;
+         function reset() {
+           cache = cacheStream = null;
+           return projection;
          }
 
-         Gesture.prototype = {
-           start: function() {
-             if (++this.active === 1) {
-               this.that.__zooming = this;
-               this.emit("start");
-             }
-             return this;
-           },
-           zoom: function(key, transform) {
-             if (this.mouse && key !== "mouse") this.mouse[1] = transform.invert(this.mouse[0]);
-             if (this.touch0 && key !== "touch") this.touch0[1] = transform.invert(this.touch0[0]);
-             if (this.touch1 && key !== "touch") this.touch1[1] = transform.invert(this.touch1[0]);
-             this.that.__zoom = transform;
-             this.emit("zoom");
-             return this;
-           },
-           end: function() {
-             if (--this.active === 0) {
-               delete this.that.__zooming;
-               this.emit("end");
-             }
-             return this;
-           },
-           emit: function(type) {
-             customEvent(new ZoomEvent(zoom, type, this.that.__zoom), listeners.apply, listeners, [type, this.that, this.args]);
-           }
+         return function () {
+           project = projectAt.apply(this, arguments);
+           projection.invert = project.invert && invert;
+           return recenter();
          };
+       }
 
-         function wheeled() {
-           if (!filter.apply(this, arguments)) return;
-           var g = gesture(this, arguments),
-               t = this.__zoom,
-               k = Math.max(scaleExtent[0], Math.min(scaleExtent[1], t.k * Math.pow(2, wheelDelta.apply(this, arguments)))),
-               p = mouse(this);
-
-           // If the mouse is in the same location as before, reuse it.
-           // If there were recent wheel events, reset the wheel idle timeout.
-           if (g.wheel) {
-             if (g.mouse[0][0] !== p[0] || g.mouse[0][1] !== p[1]) {
-               g.mouse[1] = t.invert(g.mouse[0] = p);
-             }
-             clearTimeout(g.wheel);
-           }
+       function mercatorRaw(lambda, phi) {
+         return [lambda, log$1(tan((halfPi + phi) / 2))];
+       }
 
-           // If this wheel event won’t trigger a transform change, ignore it.
-           else if (t.k === k) return;
+       mercatorRaw.invert = function (x, y) {
+         return [x, 2 * atan(exp$2(y)) - halfPi];
+       };
 
-           // Otherwise, capture the mouse point and location at the start.
-           else {
-             g.mouse = [p, t.invert(p)];
-             interrupt(this);
-             g.start();
-           }
+       function mercator () {
+         return mercatorProjection(mercatorRaw).scale(961 / tau);
+       }
+       function mercatorProjection(project) {
+         var m = projection(project),
+             center = m.center,
+             scale = m.scale,
+             translate = m.translate,
+             clipExtent = m.clipExtent,
+             x0 = null,
+             y0,
+             x1,
+             y1; // clip extent
 
-           noevent$1();
-           g.wheel = setTimeout(wheelidled, wheelDelay);
-           g.zoom("mouse", constrain(translate(scale(t, k), g.mouse[0], g.mouse[1]), g.extent, translateExtent));
+         m.scale = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (scale(_), reclip()) : scale();
+         };
 
-           function wheelidled() {
-             g.wheel = null;
-             g.end();
-           }
-         }
+         m.translate = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (translate(_), reclip()) : translate();
+         };
 
-         function mousedowned() {
-           if (touchending || !filter.apply(this, arguments)) return;
-           var g = gesture(this, arguments, true),
-               v = select(event.view).on("mousemove.zoom", mousemoved, true).on("mouseup.zoom", mouseupped, true),
-               p = mouse(this),
-               x0 = event.clientX,
-               y0 = event.clientY;
+         m.center = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (center(_), reclip()) : center();
+         };
 
-           dragDisable(event.view);
-           nopropagation$1();
-           g.mouse = [p, this.__zoom.invert(p)];
-           interrupt(this);
-           g.start();
+         m.clipExtent = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (_ == null ? x0 = y0 = x1 = y1 = null : (x0 = +_[0][0], y0 = +_[0][1], x1 = +_[1][0], y1 = +_[1][1]), reclip()) : x0 == null ? null : [[x0, y0], [x1, y1]];
+         };
 
-           function mousemoved() {
-             noevent$1();
-             if (!g.moved) {
-               var dx = event.clientX - x0, dy = event.clientY - y0;
-               g.moved = dx * dx + dy * dy > clickDistance2;
-             }
-             g.zoom("mouse", constrain(translate(g.that.__zoom, g.mouse[0] = mouse(g.that), g.mouse[1]), g.extent, translateExtent));
-           }
-
-           function mouseupped() {
-             v.on("mousemove.zoom mouseup.zoom", null);
-             yesdrag(event.view, g.moved);
-             noevent$1();
-             g.end();
-           }
+         function reclip() {
+           var k = pi * scale(),
+               t = m(rotation(m.rotate()).invert([0, 0]));
+           return clipExtent(x0 == null ? [[t[0] - k, t[1] - k], [t[0] + k, t[1] + k]] : project === mercatorRaw ? [[Math.max(t[0] - k, x0), y0], [Math.min(t[0] + k, x1), y1]] : [[x0, Math.max(t[1] - k, y0)], [x1, Math.min(t[1] + k, y1)]]);
          }
 
-         function dblclicked() {
-           if (!filter.apply(this, arguments)) return;
-           var t0 = this.__zoom,
-               p0 = mouse(this),
-               p1 = t0.invert(p0),
-               k1 = t0.k * (event.shiftKey ? 0.5 : 2),
-               t1 = constrain(translate(scale(t0, k1), p0, p1), extent.apply(this, arguments), translateExtent);
+         return reclip();
+       }
+
+       function d3_geoIdentity () {
+         var k = 1,
+             tx = 0,
+             ty = 0,
+             sx = 1,
+             sy = 1,
+             // scale, translate and reflect
+         alpha = 0,
+             ca,
+             sa,
+             // angle
+         x0 = null,
+             y0,
+             x1,
+             y1,
+             // clip extent
+         kx = 1,
+             ky = 1,
+             transform = transformer$1({
+           point: function point(x, y) {
+             var p = projection([x, y]);
+             this.stream.point(p[0], p[1]);
+           }
+         }),
+             postclip = identity$4,
+             cache,
+             cacheStream;
 
-           noevent$1();
-           if (duration > 0) select(this).transition().duration(duration).call(schedule, t1, p0);
-           else select(this).call(zoom.transform, t1);
+         function reset() {
+           kx = k * sx;
+           ky = k * sy;
+           cache = cacheStream = null;
+           return projection;
          }
 
-         function touchstarted() {
-           if (!filter.apply(this, arguments)) return;
-           var touches = event.touches,
-               n = touches.length,
-               g = gesture(this, arguments, event.changedTouches.length === n),
-               started, i, t, p;
+         function projection(p) {
+           var x = p[0] * kx,
+               y = p[1] * ky;
 
-           nopropagation$1();
-           for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-             t = touches[i], p = touch(this, touches, t.identifier);
-             p = [p, this.__zoom.invert(p), t.identifier];
-             if (!g.touch0) g.touch0 = p, started = true, g.taps = 1 + !!touchstarting;
-             else if (!g.touch1 && g.touch0[2] !== p[2]) g.touch1 = p, g.taps = 0;
+           if (alpha) {
+             var t = y * ca - x * sa;
+             x = x * ca + y * sa;
+             y = t;
            }
 
-           if (touchstarting) touchstarting = clearTimeout(touchstarting);
-
-           if (started) {
-             if (g.taps < 2) touchstarting = setTimeout(function() { touchstarting = null; }, touchDelay);
-             interrupt(this);
-             g.start();
-           }
+           return [x + tx, y + ty];
          }
 
-         function touchmoved() {
-           if (!this.__zooming) return;
-           var g = gesture(this, arguments),
-               touches = event.changedTouches,
-               n = touches.length, i, t, p, l;
+         projection.invert = function (p) {
+           var x = p[0] - tx,
+               y = p[1] - ty;
 
-           noevent$1();
-           if (touchstarting) touchstarting = clearTimeout(touchstarting);
-           g.taps = 0;
-           for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-             t = touches[i], p = touch(this, touches, t.identifier);
-             if (g.touch0 && g.touch0[2] === t.identifier) g.touch0[0] = p;
-             else if (g.touch1 && g.touch1[2] === t.identifier) g.touch1[0] = p;
-           }
-           t = g.that.__zoom;
-           if (g.touch1) {
-             var p0 = g.touch0[0], l0 = g.touch0[1],
-                 p1 = g.touch1[0], l1 = g.touch1[1],
-                 dp = (dp = p1[0] - p0[0]) * dp + (dp = p1[1] - p0[1]) * dp,
-                 dl = (dl = l1[0] - l0[0]) * dl + (dl = l1[1] - l0[1]) * dl;
-             t = scale(t, Math.sqrt(dp / dl));
-             p = [(p0[0] + p1[0]) / 2, (p0[1] + p1[1]) / 2];
-             l = [(l0[0] + l1[0]) / 2, (l0[1] + l1[1]) / 2];
+           if (alpha) {
+             var t = y * ca + x * sa;
+             x = x * ca - y * sa;
+             y = t;
            }
-           else if (g.touch0) p = g.touch0[0], l = g.touch0[1];
-           else return;
-           g.zoom("touch", constrain(translate(t, p, l), g.extent, translateExtent));
-         }
 
-         function touchended() {
-           if (!this.__zooming) return;
-           var g = gesture(this, arguments),
-               touches = event.changedTouches,
-               n = touches.length, i, t;
+           return [x / kx, y / ky];
+         };
 
-           nopropagation$1();
-           if (touchending) clearTimeout(touchending);
-           touchending = setTimeout(function() { touchending = null; }, touchDelay);
-           for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-             t = touches[i];
-             if (g.touch0 && g.touch0[2] === t.identifier) delete g.touch0;
-             else if (g.touch1 && g.touch1[2] === t.identifier) delete g.touch1;
-           }
-           if (g.touch1 && !g.touch0) g.touch0 = g.touch1, delete g.touch1;
-           if (g.touch0) g.touch0[1] = this.__zoom.invert(g.touch0[0]);
-           else {
-             g.end();
-             // If this was a dbltap, reroute to the (optional) dblclick.zoom handler.
-             if (g.taps === 2) {
-               var p = select(this).on("dblclick.zoom");
-               if (p) p.apply(this, arguments);
-             }
-           }
-         }
+         projection.stream = function (stream) {
+           return cache && cacheStream === stream ? cache : cache = transform(postclip(cacheStream = stream));
+         };
 
-         zoom.wheelDelta = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (wheelDelta = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$3(+_), zoom) : wheelDelta;
+         projection.postclip = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (postclip = _, x0 = y0 = x1 = y1 = null, reset()) : postclip;
          };
 
-         zoom.filter = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (filter = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$3(!!_), zoom) : filter;
+         projection.clipExtent = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (postclip = _ == null ? (x0 = y0 = x1 = y1 = null, identity$4) : clipRectangle(x0 = +_[0][0], y0 = +_[0][1], x1 = +_[1][0], y1 = +_[1][1]), reset()) : x0 == null ? null : [[x0, y0], [x1, y1]];
          };
 
-         zoom.touchable = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (touchable = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$3(!!_), zoom) : touchable;
+         projection.scale = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (k = +_, reset()) : k;
          };
 
-         zoom.extent = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (extent = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$3([[+_[0][0], +_[0][1]], [+_[1][0], +_[1][1]]]), zoom) : extent;
+         projection.translate = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (tx = +_[0], ty = +_[1], reset()) : [tx, ty];
          };
 
-         zoom.scaleExtent = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (scaleExtent[0] = +_[0], scaleExtent[1] = +_[1], zoom) : [scaleExtent[0], scaleExtent[1]];
+         projection.angle = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (alpha = _ % 360 * radians, sa = sin(alpha), ca = cos(alpha), reset()) : alpha * degrees$1;
          };
 
-         zoom.translateExtent = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (translateExtent[0][0] = +_[0][0], translateExtent[1][0] = +_[1][0], translateExtent[0][1] = +_[0][1], translateExtent[1][1] = +_[1][1], zoom) : [[translateExtent[0][0], translateExtent[0][1]], [translateExtent[1][0], translateExtent[1][1]]];
+         projection.reflectX = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (sx = _ ? -1 : 1, reset()) : sx < 0;
          };
 
-         zoom.constrain = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (constrain = _, zoom) : constrain;
+         projection.reflectY = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (sy = _ ? -1 : 1, reset()) : sy < 0;
          };
 
-         zoom.duration = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (duration = +_, zoom) : duration;
+         projection.fitExtent = function (extent, object) {
+           return fitExtent(projection, extent, object);
          };
 
-         zoom.interpolate = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (interpolate = _, zoom) : interpolate;
+         projection.fitSize = function (size, object) {
+           return fitSize(projection, size, object);
          };
 
-         zoom.on = function() {
-           var value = listeners.on.apply(listeners, arguments);
-           return value === listeners ? zoom : value;
+         projection.fitWidth = function (width, object) {
+           return fitWidth(projection, width, object);
          };
 
-         zoom.clickDistance = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (clickDistance2 = (_ = +_) * _, zoom) : Math.sqrt(clickDistance2);
+         projection.fitHeight = function (height, object) {
+           return fitHeight(projection, height, object);
          };
 
-         return zoom;
+         return projection;
        }
 
-       /*
-           Bypasses features of D3's default projection stream pipeline that are unnecessary:
-           * Antimeridian clipping
-           * Spherical rotation
-           * Resampling
-       */
-       function geoRawMercator() {
-           var project = mercatorRaw;
-           var k = 512 / Math.PI; // scale
-           var x = 0;
-           var y = 0; // translate
-           var clipExtent = [[0, 0], [0, 0]];
+       // constants
+       var TAU = 2 * Math.PI;
+       var EQUATORIAL_RADIUS = 6356752.314245179;
+       var POLAR_RADIUS$1 = 6378137.0;
+       function geoLatToMeters(dLat) {
+         return dLat * (TAU * POLAR_RADIUS$1 / 360);
+       }
+       function geoLonToMeters(dLon, atLat) {
+         return Math.abs(atLat) >= 90 ? 0 : dLon * (TAU * EQUATORIAL_RADIUS / 360) * Math.abs(Math.cos(atLat * (Math.PI / 180)));
+       }
+       function geoMetersToLat(m) {
+         return m / (TAU * POLAR_RADIUS$1 / 360);
+       }
+       function geoMetersToLon(m, atLat) {
+         return Math.abs(atLat) >= 90 ? 0 : m / (TAU * EQUATORIAL_RADIUS / 360) / Math.abs(Math.cos(atLat * (Math.PI / 180)));
+       }
+       function geoMetersToOffset(meters, tileSize) {
+         tileSize = tileSize || 256;
+         return [meters[0] * tileSize / (TAU * EQUATORIAL_RADIUS), -meters[1] * tileSize / (TAU * POLAR_RADIUS$1)];
+       }
+       function geoOffsetToMeters(offset, tileSize) {
+         tileSize = tileSize || 256;
+         return [offset[0] * TAU * EQUATORIAL_RADIUS / tileSize, -offset[1] * TAU * POLAR_RADIUS$1 / tileSize];
+       } // Equirectangular approximation of spherical distances on Earth
+
+       function geoSphericalDistance(a, b) {
+         var x = geoLonToMeters(a[0] - b[0], (a[1] + b[1]) / 2);
+         var y = geoLatToMeters(a[1] - b[1]);
+         return Math.sqrt(x * x + y * y);
+       } // scale to zoom
+
+       function geoScaleToZoom(k, tileSize) {
+         tileSize = tileSize || 256;
+         var log2ts = Math.log(tileSize) * Math.LOG2E;
+         return Math.log(k * TAU) / Math.LN2 - log2ts;
+       } // zoom to scale
+
+       function geoZoomToScale(z, tileSize) {
+         tileSize = tileSize || 256;
+         return tileSize * Math.pow(2, z) / TAU;
+       } // returns info about the node from `nodes` closest to the given `point`
+
+       function geoSphericalClosestNode(nodes, point) {
+         var minDistance = Infinity,
+             distance;
+         var indexOfMin;
 
+         for (var i in nodes) {
+           distance = geoSphericalDistance(nodes[i].loc, point);
 
-           function projection(point) {
-               point = project(point[0] * Math.PI / 180, point[1] * Math.PI / 180);
-               return [point[0] * k + x, y - point[1] * k];
+           if (distance < minDistance) {
+             minDistance = distance;
+             indexOfMin = i;
            }
+         }
 
+         if (indexOfMin !== undefined) {
+           return {
+             index: indexOfMin,
+             distance: minDistance,
+             node: nodes[indexOfMin]
+           };
+         } else {
+           return null;
+         }
+       }
 
-           projection.invert = function(point) {
-               point = project.invert((point[0] - x) / k, (y - point[1]) / k);
-               return point && [point[0] * 180 / Math.PI, point[1] * 180 / Math.PI];
+       function geoExtent(min, max) {
+         if (!(this instanceof geoExtent)) {
+           return new geoExtent(min, max);
+         } else if (min instanceof geoExtent) {
+           return min;
+         } else if (min && min.length === 2 && min[0].length === 2 && min[1].length === 2) {
+           this[0] = min[0];
+           this[1] = min[1];
+         } else {
+           this[0] = min || [Infinity, Infinity];
+           this[1] = max || min || [-Infinity, -Infinity];
+         }
+       }
+       geoExtent.prototype = new Array(2);
+       Object.assign(geoExtent.prototype, {
+         equals: function equals(obj) {
+           return this[0][0] === obj[0][0] && this[0][1] === obj[0][1] && this[1][0] === obj[1][0] && this[1][1] === obj[1][1];
+         },
+         extend: function extend(obj) {
+           if (!(obj instanceof geoExtent)) obj = new geoExtent(obj);
+           return geoExtent([Math.min(obj[0][0], this[0][0]), Math.min(obj[0][1], this[0][1])], [Math.max(obj[1][0], this[1][0]), Math.max(obj[1][1], this[1][1])]);
+         },
+         _extend: function _extend(extent) {
+           this[0][0] = Math.min(extent[0][0], this[0][0]);
+           this[0][1] = Math.min(extent[0][1], this[0][1]);
+           this[1][0] = Math.max(extent[1][0], this[1][0]);
+           this[1][1] = Math.max(extent[1][1], this[1][1]);
+         },
+         area: function area() {
+           return Math.abs((this[1][0] - this[0][0]) * (this[1][1] - this[0][1]));
+         },
+         center: function center() {
+           return [(this[0][0] + this[1][0]) / 2, (this[0][1] + this[1][1]) / 2];
+         },
+         rectangle: function rectangle() {
+           return [this[0][0], this[0][1], this[1][0], this[1][1]];
+         },
+         bbox: function bbox() {
+           return {
+             minX: this[0][0],
+             minY: this[0][1],
+             maxX: this[1][0],
+             maxY: this[1][1]
            };
+         },
+         polygon: function polygon() {
+           return [[this[0][0], this[0][1]], [this[0][0], this[1][1]], [this[1][0], this[1][1]], [this[1][0], this[0][1]], [this[0][0], this[0][1]]];
+         },
+         contains: function contains(obj) {
+           if (!(obj instanceof geoExtent)) obj = new geoExtent(obj);
+           return obj[0][0] >= this[0][0] && obj[0][1] >= this[0][1] && obj[1][0] <= this[1][0] && obj[1][1] <= this[1][1];
+         },
+         intersects: function intersects(obj) {
+           if (!(obj instanceof geoExtent)) obj = new geoExtent(obj);
+           return obj[0][0] <= this[1][0] && obj[0][1] <= this[1][1] && obj[1][0] >= this[0][0] && obj[1][1] >= this[0][1];
+         },
+         intersection: function intersection(obj) {
+           if (!this.intersects(obj)) return new geoExtent();
+           return new geoExtent([Math.max(obj[0][0], this[0][0]), Math.max(obj[0][1], this[0][1])], [Math.min(obj[1][0], this[1][0]), Math.min(obj[1][1], this[1][1])]);
+         },
+         percentContainedIn: function percentContainedIn(obj) {
+           if (!(obj instanceof geoExtent)) obj = new geoExtent(obj);
+           var a1 = this.intersection(obj).area();
+           var a2 = this.area();
 
+           if (a1 === Infinity || a2 === Infinity) {
+             return 0;
+           } else if (a1 === 0 || a2 === 0) {
+             if (obj.contains(this)) {
+               return 1;
+             }
 
-           projection.scale = function(_) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return k;
-               k = +_;
-               return projection;
-           };
+             return 0;
+           } else {
+             return a1 / a2;
+           }
+         },
+         padByMeters: function padByMeters(meters) {
+           var dLat = geoMetersToLat(meters);
+           var dLon = geoMetersToLon(meters, this.center()[1]);
+           return geoExtent([this[0][0] - dLon, this[0][1] - dLat], [this[1][0] + dLon, this[1][1] + dLat]);
+         },
+         toParam: function toParam() {
+           return this.rectangle().join(',');
+         }
+       });
 
+       var $every = arrayIteration.every;
 
-           projection.translate = function(_) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return [x, y];
-               x = +_[0];
-               y = +_[1];
-               return projection;
-           };
 
+       var STRICT_METHOD$1 = arrayMethodIsStrict('every');
 
-           projection.clipExtent = function(_) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return clipExtent;
-               clipExtent = _;
-               return projection;
-           };
+       // `Array.prototype.every` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-array.prototype.every
+       _export({ target: 'Array', proto: true, forced: !STRICT_METHOD$1 }, {
+         every: function every(callbackfn /* , thisArg */) {
+           return $every(this, callbackfn, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);
+         }
+       });
 
+       var $reduce = arrayReduce.left;
 
-           projection.transform = function(obj) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return identity$2.translate(x, y).scale(k);
-               x = +obj.x;
-               y = +obj.y;
-               k = +obj.k;
-               return projection;
-           };
 
 
-           projection.stream = d3_geoTransform({
-               point: function(x, y) {
-                   var vec = projection([x, y]);
-                   this.stream.point(vec[0], vec[1]);
-               }
-           }).stream;
 
+       var STRICT_METHOD = arrayMethodIsStrict('reduce');
+       // Chrome 80-82 has a critical bug
+       // https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=1049982
+       var CHROME_BUG = !engineIsNode && engineV8Version > 79 && engineV8Version < 83;
 
-           return projection;
+       // `Array.prototype.reduce` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-array.prototype.reduce
+       _export({ target: 'Array', proto: true, forced: !STRICT_METHOD || CHROME_BUG }, {
+         reduce: function reduce(callbackfn /* , initialValue */) {
+           return $reduce(this, callbackfn, arguments.length, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);
+         }
+       });
+
+       function d3_polygonArea (polygon) {
+         var i = -1,
+             n = polygon.length,
+             a,
+             b = polygon[n - 1],
+             area = 0;
+
+         while (++i < n) {
+           a = b;
+           b = polygon[i];
+           area += a[1] * b[0] - a[0] * b[1];
+         }
+
+         return area / 2;
        }
 
-       function geoOrthoNormalizedDotProduct(a, b, origin) {
-           if (geoVecEqual(origin, a) || geoVecEqual(origin, b)) {
-               return 1;  // coincident points, treat as straight and try to remove
-           }
-           return geoVecNormalizedDot(a, b, origin);
+       function d3_polygonCentroid (polygon) {
+         var i = -1,
+             n = polygon.length,
+             x = 0,
+             y = 0,
+             a,
+             b = polygon[n - 1],
+             c,
+             k = 0;
+
+         while (++i < n) {
+           a = b;
+           b = polygon[i];
+           k += c = a[0] * b[1] - b[0] * a[1];
+           x += (a[0] + b[0]) * c;
+           y += (a[1] + b[1]) * c;
+         }
+
+         return k *= 3, [x / k, y / k];
+       }
+
+       // Returns the 2D cross product of AB and AC vectors, i.e., the z-component of
+       // the 3D cross product in a quadrant I Cartesian coordinate system (+x is
+       // right, +y is up). Returns a positive value if ABC is counter-clockwise,
+       // negative if clockwise, and zero if the points are collinear.
+       function cross (a, b, c) {
+         return (b[0] - a[0]) * (c[1] - a[1]) - (b[1] - a[1]) * (c[0] - a[0]);
        }
 
+       function lexicographicOrder(a, b) {
+         return a[0] - b[0] || a[1] - b[1];
+       } // Computes the upper convex hull per the monotone chain algorithm.
+       // Assumes points.length >= 3, is sorted by x, unique in y.
+       // Returns an array of indices into points in left-to-right order.
 
-       function geoOrthoFilterDotProduct(dotp, epsilon, lowerThreshold, upperThreshold, allowStraightAngles) {
-           var val = Math.abs(dotp);
-           if (val < epsilon) {
-               return 0;      // already orthogonal
-           } else if (allowStraightAngles && Math.abs(val-1) < epsilon) {
-               return 0;      // straight angle, which is okay in this case
-           } else if (val < lowerThreshold || val > upperThreshold) {
-               return dotp;   // can be adjusted
-           } else {
-               return null;   // ignore vertex
+
+       function computeUpperHullIndexes(points) {
+         var n = points.length,
+             indexes = [0, 1];
+         var size = 2,
+             i;
+
+         for (i = 2; i < n; ++i) {
+           while (size > 1 && cross(points[indexes[size - 2]], points[indexes[size - 1]], points[i]) <= 0) {
+             --size;
            }
+
+           indexes[size++] = i;
+         }
+
+         return indexes.slice(0, size); // remove popped points
        }
 
+       function d3_polygonHull (points) {
+         if ((n = points.length) < 3) return null;
+         var i,
+             n,
+             sortedPoints = new Array(n),
+             flippedPoints = new Array(n);
 
-       function geoOrthoCalcScore(points, isClosed, epsilon, threshold) {
-           var score = 0;
-           var first = isClosed ? 0 : 1;
-           var last = isClosed ? points.length : points.length - 1;
-           var coords = points.map(function(p) { return p.coord; });
+         for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+           sortedPoints[i] = [+points[i][0], +points[i][1], i];
+         }
 
-           var lowerThreshold = Math.cos((90 - threshold) * Math.PI / 180);
-           var upperThreshold = Math.cos(threshold * Math.PI / 180);
+         sortedPoints.sort(lexicographicOrder);
 
-           for (var i = first; i < last; i++) {
-               var a = coords[(i - 1 + coords.length) % coords.length];
-               var origin = coords[i];
-               var b = coords[(i + 1) % coords.length];
+         for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+           flippedPoints[i] = [sortedPoints[i][0], -sortedPoints[i][1]];
+         }
 
-               var dotp = geoOrthoFilterDotProduct(geoOrthoNormalizedDotProduct(a, b, origin), epsilon, lowerThreshold, upperThreshold);
-               if (dotp === null) continue;    // ignore vertex
-               score = score + 2.0 * Math.min(Math.abs(dotp - 1.0), Math.min(Math.abs(dotp), Math.abs(dotp + 1)));
-           }
+         var upperIndexes = computeUpperHullIndexes(sortedPoints),
+             lowerIndexes = computeUpperHullIndexes(flippedPoints); // Construct the hull polygon, removing possible duplicate endpoints.
 
-           return score;
+         var skipLeft = lowerIndexes[0] === upperIndexes[0],
+             skipRight = lowerIndexes[lowerIndexes.length - 1] === upperIndexes[upperIndexes.length - 1],
+             hull = []; // Add upper hull in right-to-l order.
+         // Then add lower hull in left-to-right order.
+
+         for (i = upperIndexes.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+           hull.push(points[sortedPoints[upperIndexes[i]][2]]);
+         }
+
+         for (i = +skipLeft; i < lowerIndexes.length - skipRight; ++i) {
+           hull.push(points[sortedPoints[lowerIndexes[i]][2]]);
+         }
+
+         return hull;
        }
 
-       // returns the maximum angle less than `lessThan` between the actual corner and a 0° or 90° corner
-       function geoOrthoMaxOffsetAngle(coords, isClosed, lessThan) {
-           var max = -Infinity;
+       // vector equals
+       function geoVecEqual(a, b, epsilon) {
+         if (epsilon) {
+           return Math.abs(a[0] - b[0]) <= epsilon && Math.abs(a[1] - b[1]) <= epsilon;
+         } else {
+           return a[0] === b[0] && a[1] === b[1];
+         }
+       } // vector addition
 
-           var first = isClosed ? 0 : 1;
-           var last = isClosed ? coords.length : coords.length - 1;
+       function geoVecAdd(a, b) {
+         return [a[0] + b[0], a[1] + b[1]];
+       } // vector subtraction
 
-           for (var i = first; i < last; i++) {
-               var a = coords[(i - 1 + coords.length) % coords.length];
-               var origin = coords[i];
-               var b = coords[(i + 1) % coords.length];
-               var normalizedDotP = geoOrthoNormalizedDotProduct(a, b, origin);
+       function geoVecSubtract(a, b) {
+         return [a[0] - b[0], a[1] - b[1]];
+       } // vector scaling
+
+       function geoVecScale(a, mag) {
+         return [a[0] * mag, a[1] * mag];
+       } // vector rounding (was: geoRoundCoordinates)
+
+       function geoVecFloor(a) {
+         return [Math.floor(a[0]), Math.floor(a[1])];
+       } // linear interpolation
+
+       function geoVecInterp(a, b, t) {
+         return [a[0] + (b[0] - a[0]) * t, a[1] + (b[1] - a[1]) * t];
+       } // http://jsperf.com/id-dist-optimization
+
+       function geoVecLength(a, b) {
+         return Math.sqrt(geoVecLengthSquare(a, b));
+       } // length of vector raised to the power two
+
+       function geoVecLengthSquare(a, b) {
+         b = b || [0, 0];
+         var x = a[0] - b[0];
+         var y = a[1] - b[1];
+         return x * x + y * y;
+       } // get a unit vector
+
+       function geoVecNormalize(a) {
+         var length = Math.sqrt(a[0] * a[0] + a[1] * a[1]);
+
+         if (length !== 0) {
+           return geoVecScale(a, 1 / length);
+         }
 
-               var angle = Math.acos(Math.abs(normalizedDotP)) * 180 / Math.PI;
+         return [0, 0];
+       } // Return the counterclockwise angle in the range (-pi, pi)
+       // between the positive X axis and the line intersecting a and b.
+
+       function geoVecAngle(a, b) {
+         return Math.atan2(b[1] - a[1], b[0] - a[0]);
+       } // dot product
+
+       function geoVecDot(a, b, origin) {
+         origin = origin || [0, 0];
+         var p = geoVecSubtract(a, origin);
+         var q = geoVecSubtract(b, origin);
+         return p[0] * q[0] + p[1] * q[1];
+       } // normalized dot product
 
-               if (angle > 45) angle = 90 - angle;
+       function geoVecNormalizedDot(a, b, origin) {
+         origin = origin || [0, 0];
+         var p = geoVecNormalize(geoVecSubtract(a, origin));
+         var q = geoVecNormalize(geoVecSubtract(b, origin));
+         return geoVecDot(p, q);
+       } // 2D cross product of OA and OB vectors, returns magnitude of Z vector
+       // Returns a positive value, if OAB makes a counter-clockwise turn,
+       // negative for clockwise turn, and zero if the points are collinear.
 
-               if (angle >= lessThan) continue;
+       function geoVecCross(a, b, origin) {
+         origin = origin || [0, 0];
+         var p = geoVecSubtract(a, origin);
+         var q = geoVecSubtract(b, origin);
+         return p[0] * q[1] - p[1] * q[0];
+       } // find closest orthogonal projection of point onto points array
 
-               if (angle > max) max = angle;
+       function geoVecProject(a, points) {
+         var min = Infinity;
+         var idx;
+         var target;
+
+         for (var i = 0; i < points.length - 1; i++) {
+           var o = points[i];
+           var s = geoVecSubtract(points[i + 1], o);
+           var v = geoVecSubtract(a, o);
+           var proj = geoVecDot(v, s) / geoVecDot(s, s);
+           var p;
+
+           if (proj < 0) {
+             p = o;
+           } else if (proj > 1) {
+             p = points[i + 1];
+           } else {
+             p = [o[0] + proj * s[0], o[1] + proj * s[1]];
            }
 
-           if (max === -Infinity) return null;
+           var dist = geoVecLength(p, a);
+
+           if (dist < min) {
+             min = dist;
+             idx = i + 1;
+             target = p;
+           }
+         }
 
-           return max;
+         if (idx !== undefined) {
+           return {
+             index: idx,
+             distance: min,
+             target: target
+           };
+         } else {
+           return null;
+         }
        }
 
+       // between the positive X axis and the line intersecting a and b.
 
-       // similar to geoOrthoCalcScore, but returns quickly if there is something to do
-       function geoOrthoCanOrthogonalize(coords, isClosed, epsilon, threshold, allowStraightAngles) {
-           var score = null;
-           var first = isClosed ? 0 : 1;
-           var last = isClosed ? coords.length : coords.length - 1;
+       function geoAngle(a, b, projection) {
+         return geoVecAngle(projection(a.loc), projection(b.loc));
+       }
+       function geoEdgeEqual(a, b) {
+         return a[0] === b[0] && a[1] === b[1] || a[0] === b[1] && a[1] === b[0];
+       } // Rotate all points counterclockwise around a pivot point by given angle
 
-           var lowerThreshold = Math.cos((90 - threshold) * Math.PI / 180);
-           var upperThreshold = Math.cos(threshold * Math.PI / 180);
+       function geoRotate(points, angle, around) {
+         return points.map(function (point) {
+           var radial = geoVecSubtract(point, around);
+           return [radial[0] * Math.cos(angle) - radial[1] * Math.sin(angle) + around[0], radial[0] * Math.sin(angle) + radial[1] * Math.cos(angle) + around[1]];
+         });
+       } // Choose the edge with the minimal distance from `point` to its orthogonal
+       // projection onto that edge, if such a projection exists, or the distance to
+       // the closest vertex on that edge. Returns an object with the `index` of the
+       // chosen edge, the chosen `loc` on that edge, and the `distance` to to it.
 
-           for (var i = first; i < last; i++) {
-               var a = coords[(i - 1 + coords.length) % coords.length];
-               var origin = coords[i];
-               var b = coords[(i + 1) % coords.length];
+       function geoChooseEdge(nodes, point, projection, activeID) {
+         var dist = geoVecLength;
+         var points = nodes.map(function (n) {
+           return projection(n.loc);
+         });
+         var ids = nodes.map(function (n) {
+           return n.id;
+         });
+         var min = Infinity;
+         var idx;
+         var loc;
+
+         for (var i = 0; i < points.length - 1; i++) {
+           if (ids[i] === activeID || ids[i + 1] === activeID) continue;
+           var o = points[i];
+           var s = geoVecSubtract(points[i + 1], o);
+           var v = geoVecSubtract(point, o);
+           var proj = geoVecDot(v, s) / geoVecDot(s, s);
+           var p;
+
+           if (proj < 0) {
+             p = o;
+           } else if (proj > 1) {
+             p = points[i + 1];
+           } else {
+             p = [o[0] + proj * s[0], o[1] + proj * s[1]];
+           }
 
-               var dotp = geoOrthoFilterDotProduct(geoOrthoNormalizedDotProduct(a, b, origin), epsilon, lowerThreshold, upperThreshold, allowStraightAngles);
-               if (dotp === null) continue;        // ignore vertex
-               if (Math.abs(dotp) > 0) return 1;   // something to do
-               score = 0;                          // already square
+           var d = dist(p, point);
+
+           if (d < min) {
+             min = d;
+             idx = i + 1;
+             loc = projection.invert(p);
            }
+         }
 
-           return score;
-       }
+         if (idx !== undefined) {
+           return {
+             index: idx,
+             distance: min,
+             loc: loc
+           };
+         } else {
+           return null;
+         }
+       } // Test active (dragged or drawing) segments against inactive segments
+       // This is used to test e.g. multipolygon rings that cross
+       // `activeNodes` is the ring containing the activeID being dragged.
+       // `inactiveNodes` is the other ring to test against
 
-       // Returns true if a and b have the same elements at the same indices.
-       function utilArrayIdentical(a, b) {
-           // an array is always identical to itself
-           if (a === b) return true;
+       function geoHasLineIntersections(activeNodes, inactiveNodes, activeID) {
+         var actives = [];
+         var inactives = [];
+         var j, k, n1, n2, segment; // gather active segments (only segments in activeNodes that contain the activeID)
 
-           var i = a.length;
-           if (i !== b.length) return false;
-           while (i--) {
-               if (a[i] !== b[i]) return false;
+         for (j = 0; j < activeNodes.length - 1; j++) {
+           n1 = activeNodes[j];
+           n2 = activeNodes[j + 1];
+           segment = [n1.loc, n2.loc];
+
+           if (n1.id === activeID || n2.id === activeID) {
+             actives.push(segment);
            }
-           return true;
-       }
+         } // gather inactive segments
 
-       // http://2ality.com/2015/01/es6-set-operations.html
 
-       // Difference (a \ b): create a set that contains those elements of set a that are not in set b.
-       // This operation is also sometimes called minus (-).
-       // var a = [1,2,3];
-       // var b = [4,3,2];
-       // utilArrayDifference(a, b)
-       //   [1]
-       // utilArrayDifference(b, a)
-       //   [4]
-       function utilArrayDifference(a, b) {
-           var other = new Set(b);
-           return Array.from(new Set(a))
-               .filter(function(v) { return !other.has(v); });
-       }
+         for (j = 0; j < inactiveNodes.length - 1; j++) {
+           n1 = inactiveNodes[j];
+           n2 = inactiveNodes[j + 1];
+           segment = [n1.loc, n2.loc];
+           inactives.push(segment);
+         } // test
 
-       // Intersection (a ∩ b): create a set that contains those elements of set a that are also in set b.
-       // var a = [1,2,3];
-       // var b = [4,3,2];
-       // utilArrayIntersection(a, b)
-       //   [2,3]
-       function utilArrayIntersection(a, b) {
-           var other = new Set(b);
-           return Array.from(new Set(a))
-               .filter(function(v) { return other.has(v); });
-       }
 
-       // Union (a ∪ b): create a set that contains the elements of both set a and set b.
-       // var a = [1,2,3];
-       // var b = [4,3,2];
-       // utilArrayUnion(a, b)
-       //   [1,2,3,4]
-       function utilArrayUnion(a, b) {
-           var result = new Set(a);
-           b.forEach(function(v) { result.add(v); });
-           return Array.from(result);
-       }
+         for (j = 0; j < actives.length; j++) {
+           for (k = 0; k < inactives.length; k++) {
+             var p = actives[j];
+             var q = inactives[k];
+             var hit = geoLineIntersection(p, q);
 
-       // Returns an Array with all the duplicates removed
-       // var a = [1,1,2,3,3];
-       // utilArrayUniq(a)
-       //   [1,2,3]
-       function utilArrayUniq(a) {
-           return Array.from(new Set(a));
-       }
+             if (hit) {
+               return true;
+             }
+           }
+         }
+
+         return false;
+       } // Test active (dragged or drawing) segments against inactive segments
+       // This is used to test whether a way intersects with itself.
 
+       function geoHasSelfIntersections(nodes, activeID) {
+         var actives = [];
+         var inactives = [];
+         var j, k; // group active and passive segments along the nodes
 
-       // Splits array into chunks of given chunk size
-       // var a = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7];
-       // utilArrayChunk(a, 3);
-       //   [[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7]];
-       function utilArrayChunk(a, chunkSize) {
-           if (!chunkSize || chunkSize < 0) return [a.slice()];
+         for (j = 0; j < nodes.length - 1; j++) {
+           var n1 = nodes[j];
+           var n2 = nodes[j + 1];
+           var segment = [n1.loc, n2.loc];
 
-           var result = new Array(Math.ceil(a.length / chunkSize));
-           return Array.from(result, function(item, i) {
-               return a.slice(i * chunkSize, i * chunkSize + chunkSize);
-           });
+           if (n1.id === activeID || n2.id === activeID) {
+             actives.push(segment);
+           } else {
+             inactives.push(segment);
+           }
+         } // test
+
+
+         for (j = 0; j < actives.length; j++) {
+           for (k = 0; k < inactives.length; k++) {
+             var p = actives[j];
+             var q = inactives[k]; // skip if segments share an endpoint
+
+             if (geoVecEqual(p[1], q[0]) || geoVecEqual(p[0], q[1]) || geoVecEqual(p[0], q[0]) || geoVecEqual(p[1], q[1])) {
+               continue;
+             }
+
+             var hit = geoLineIntersection(p, q);
+
+             if (hit) {
+               var epsilon = 1e-8; // skip if the hit is at the segment's endpoint
+
+               if (geoVecEqual(p[1], hit, epsilon) || geoVecEqual(p[0], hit, epsilon) || geoVecEqual(q[1], hit, epsilon) || geoVecEqual(q[0], hit, epsilon)) {
+                 continue;
+               } else {
+                 return true;
+               }
+             }
+           }
+         }
+
+         return false;
+       } // Return the intersection point of 2 line segments.
+       // From https://github.com/pgkelley4/line-segments-intersect
+       // This uses the vector cross product approach described below:
+       //  http://stackoverflow.com/a/565282/786339
+
+       function geoLineIntersection(a, b) {
+         var p = [a[0][0], a[0][1]];
+         var p2 = [a[1][0], a[1][1]];
+         var q = [b[0][0], b[0][1]];
+         var q2 = [b[1][0], b[1][1]];
+         var r = geoVecSubtract(p2, p);
+         var s = geoVecSubtract(q2, q);
+         var uNumerator = geoVecCross(geoVecSubtract(q, p), r);
+         var denominator = geoVecCross(r, s);
+
+         if (uNumerator && denominator) {
+           var u = uNumerator / denominator;
+           var t = geoVecCross(geoVecSubtract(q, p), s) / denominator;
+
+           if (t >= 0 && t <= 1 && u >= 0 && u <= 1) {
+             return geoVecInterp(p, p2, t);
+           }
+         }
+
+         return null;
        }
+       function geoPathIntersections(path1, path2) {
+         var intersections = [];
 
+         for (var i = 0; i < path1.length - 1; i++) {
+           for (var j = 0; j < path2.length - 1; j++) {
+             var a = [path1[i], path1[i + 1]];
+             var b = [path2[j], path2[j + 1]];
+             var hit = geoLineIntersection(a, b);
 
-       // Flattens two level array into a single level
-       // var a = [[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7]];
-       // utilArrayFlatten(a);
-       //   [1,2,3,4,5,6,7];
-       function utilArrayFlatten(a) {
-           return a.reduce(function(acc, val) {
-               return acc.concat(val);
-           }, []);
+             if (hit) {
+               intersections.push(hit);
+             }
+           }
+         }
+
+         return intersections;
        }
+       function geoPathHasIntersections(path1, path2) {
+         for (var i = 0; i < path1.length - 1; i++) {
+           for (var j = 0; j < path2.length - 1; j++) {
+             var a = [path1[i], path1[i + 1]];
+             var b = [path2[j], path2[j + 1]];
+             var hit = geoLineIntersection(a, b);
 
+             if (hit) {
+               return true;
+             }
+           }
+         }
 
-       // Groups the items of the Array according to the given key
-       // `key` can be passed as a property or as a key function
+         return false;
+       } // Return whether point is contained in polygon.
        //
-       // var pets = [
-       //     { type: 'Dog', name: 'Spot' },
-       //     { type: 'Cat', name: 'Tiger' },
-       //     { type: 'Dog', name: 'Rover' },
-       //     { type: 'Cat', name: 'Leo' }
-       // ];
+       // `point` should be a 2-item array of coordinates.
+       // `polygon` should be an array of 2-item arrays of coordinates.
        //
-       // utilArrayGroupBy(pets, 'type')
-       //   {
-       //     'Dog': [{type: 'Dog', name: 'Spot'}, {type: 'Dog', name: 'Rover'}],
-       //     'Cat': [{type: 'Cat', name: 'Tiger'}, {type: 'Cat', name: 'Leo'}]
-       //   }
+       // From https://github.com/substack/point-in-polygon.
+       // ray-casting algorithm based on
+       // http://www.ecse.rpi.edu/Homepages/wrf/Research/Short_Notes/pnpoly.html
        //
-       // utilArrayGroupBy(pets, function(item) { return item.name.length; })
-       //   {
-       //     3: [{type: 'Cat', name: 'Leo'}],
-       //     4: [{type: 'Dog', name: 'Spot'}],
-       //     5: [{type: 'Cat', name: 'Tiger'}, {type: 'Dog', name: 'Rover'}]
-       //   }
-       function utilArrayGroupBy(a, key) {
-           return a.reduce(function(acc, item) {
-               var group = (typeof key === 'function') ? key(item) : item[key];
-               (acc[group] = acc[group] || []).push(item);
-               return acc;
-           }, {});
+
+       function geoPointInPolygon(point, polygon) {
+         var x = point[0];
+         var y = point[1];
+         var inside = false;
+
+         for (var i = 0, j = polygon.length - 1; i < polygon.length; j = i++) {
+           var xi = polygon[i][0];
+           var yi = polygon[i][1];
+           var xj = polygon[j][0];
+           var yj = polygon[j][1];
+           var intersect = yi > y !== yj > y && x < (xj - xi) * (y - yi) / (yj - yi) + xi;
+           if (intersect) inside = !inside;
+         }
+
+         return inside;
+       }
+       function geoPolygonContainsPolygon(outer, inner) {
+         return inner.every(function (point) {
+           return geoPointInPolygon(point, outer);
+         });
        }
+       function geoPolygonIntersectsPolygon(outer, inner, checkSegments) {
+         function testPoints(outer, inner) {
+           return inner.some(function (point) {
+             return geoPointInPolygon(point, outer);
+           });
+         }
 
+         return testPoints(outer, inner) || !!checkSegments && geoPathHasIntersections(outer, inner);
+       } // http://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/22895/finding-minimum-area-rectangle-for-given-points
+       // http://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/3739/generalisation-strategies-for-building-outlines/3756#3756
 
-       // Returns an Array with all the duplicates removed
-       // where uniqueness determined by the given key
-       // `key` can be passed as a property or as a key function
-       //
-       // var pets = [
-       //     { type: 'Dog', name: 'Spot' },
-       //     { type: 'Cat', name: 'Tiger' },
-       //     { type: 'Dog', name: 'Rover' },
-       //     { type: 'Cat', name: 'Leo' }
-       // ];
-       //
-       // utilArrayUniqBy(pets, 'type')
-       //   [
-       //     { type: 'Dog', name: 'Spot' },
-       //     { type: 'Cat', name: 'Tiger' }
-       //   ]
-       //
-       // utilArrayUniqBy(pets, function(item) { return item.name.length; })
-       //   [
-       //     { type: 'Dog', name: 'Spot' },
-       //     { type: 'Cat', name: 'Tiger' },
-       //     { type: 'Cat', name: 'Leo' }
-       //   }
-       function utilArrayUniqBy(a, key) {
-           var seen = new Set();
-           return a.reduce(function(acc, item) {
-               var val = (typeof key === 'function') ? key(item) : item[key];
-               if (val && !seen.has(val)) {
-                   seen.add(val);
-                   acc.push(item);
-               }
-               return acc;
-           }, []);
+       function geoGetSmallestSurroundingRectangle(points) {
+         var hull = d3_polygonHull(points);
+         var centroid = d3_polygonCentroid(hull);
+         var minArea = Infinity;
+         var ssrExtent = [];
+         var ssrAngle = 0;
+         var c1 = hull[0];
+
+         for (var i = 0; i <= hull.length - 1; i++) {
+           var c2 = i === hull.length - 1 ? hull[0] : hull[i + 1];
+           var angle = Math.atan2(c2[1] - c1[1], c2[0] - c1[0]);
+           var poly = geoRotate(hull, -angle, centroid);
+           var extent = poly.reduce(function (extent, point) {
+             return extent.extend(geoExtent(point));
+           }, geoExtent());
+           var area = extent.area();
+
+           if (area < minArea) {
+             minArea = area;
+             ssrExtent = extent;
+             ssrAngle = angle;
+           }
+
+           c1 = c2;
+         }
+
+         return {
+           poly: geoRotate(ssrExtent.polygon(), ssrAngle, centroid),
+           angle: ssrAngle
+         };
        }
+       function geoPathLength(path) {
+         var length = 0;
 
-       var remove$1 = removeDiacritics;
+         for (var i = 0; i < path.length - 1; i++) {
+           length += geoVecLength(path[i], path[i + 1]);
+         }
 
-       var replacementList = [
-         {
-           base: ' ',
-           chars: "\u00A0",
-         }, {
-           base: '0',
-           chars: "\u07C0",
-         }, {
-           base: 'A',
-           chars: "\u24B6\uFF21\u00C0\u00C1\u00C2\u1EA6\u1EA4\u1EAA\u1EA8\u00C3\u0100\u0102\u1EB0\u1EAE\u1EB4\u1EB2\u0226\u01E0\u00C4\u01DE\u1EA2\u00C5\u01FA\u01CD\u0200\u0202\u1EA0\u1EAC\u1EB6\u1E00\u0104\u023A\u2C6F",
-         }, {
-           base: 'AA',
-           chars: "\uA732",
-         }, {
-           base: 'AE',
-           chars: "\u00C6\u01FC\u01E2",
-         }, {
-           base: 'AO',
-           chars: "\uA734",
-         }, {
-           base: 'AU',
-           chars: "\uA736",
-         }, {
-           base: 'AV',
-           chars: "\uA738\uA73A",
-         }, {
-           base: 'AY',
-           chars: "\uA73C",
-         }, {
-           base: 'B',
-           chars: "\u24B7\uFF22\u1E02\u1E04\u1E06\u0243\u0181",
-         }, {
-           base: 'C',
-           chars: "\u24b8\uff23\uA73E\u1E08\u0106\u0043\u0108\u010A\u010C\u00C7\u0187\u023B",
-         }, {
-           base: 'D',
-           chars: "\u24B9\uFF24\u1E0A\u010E\u1E0C\u1E10\u1E12\u1E0E\u0110\u018A\u0189\u1D05\uA779",
-         }, {
-           base: 'Dh',
-           chars: "\u00D0",
-         }, {
-           base: 'DZ',
-           chars: "\u01F1\u01C4",
-         }, {
-           base: 'Dz',
-           chars: "\u01F2\u01C5",
-         }, {
-           base: 'E',
-           chars: "\u025B\u24BA\uFF25\u00C8\u00C9\u00CA\u1EC0\u1EBE\u1EC4\u1EC2\u1EBC\u0112\u1E14\u1E16\u0114\u0116\u00CB\u1EBA\u011A\u0204\u0206\u1EB8\u1EC6\u0228\u1E1C\u0118\u1E18\u1E1A\u0190\u018E\u1D07",
-         }, {
-           base: 'F',
-           chars: "\uA77C\u24BB\uFF26\u1E1E\u0191\uA77B",
-         }, {
-           base: 'G',
-           chars: "\u24BC\uFF27\u01F4\u011C\u1E20\u011E\u0120\u01E6\u0122\u01E4\u0193\uA7A0\uA77D\uA77E\u0262",
-         }, {
-           base: 'H',
-           chars: "\u24BD\uFF28\u0124\u1E22\u1E26\u021E\u1E24\u1E28\u1E2A\u0126\u2C67\u2C75\uA78D",
-         }, {
-           base: 'I',
-           chars: "\u24BE\uFF29\xCC\xCD\xCE\u0128\u012A\u012C\u0130\xCF\u1E2E\u1EC8\u01CF\u0208\u020A\u1ECA\u012E\u1E2C\u0197",
-         }, {
-           base: 'J',
-           chars: "\u24BF\uFF2A\u0134\u0248\u0237",
-         }, {
-           base: 'K',
-           chars: "\u24C0\uFF2B\u1E30\u01E8\u1E32\u0136\u1E34\u0198\u2C69\uA740\uA742\uA744\uA7A2",
-         }, {
-           base: 'L',
-           chars: "\u24C1\uFF2C\u013F\u0139\u013D\u1E36\u1E38\u013B\u1E3C\u1E3A\u0141\u023D\u2C62\u2C60\uA748\uA746\uA780",
-         }, {
-           base: 'LJ',
-           chars: "\u01C7",
-         }, {
-           base: 'Lj',
-           chars: "\u01C8",
-         }, {
-           base: 'M',
-           chars: "\u24C2\uFF2D\u1E3E\u1E40\u1E42\u2C6E\u019C\u03FB",
-         }, {
-           base: 'N',
-           chars: "\uA7A4\u0220\u24C3\uFF2E\u01F8\u0143\xD1\u1E44\u0147\u1E46\u0145\u1E4A\u1E48\u019D\uA790\u1D0E",
-         }, {
-           base: 'NJ',
-           chars: "\u01CA",
-         }, {
-           base: 'Nj',
-           chars: "\u01CB",
-         }, {
-           base: 'O',
-           chars: "\u24C4\uFF2F\xD2\xD3\xD4\u1ED2\u1ED0\u1ED6\u1ED4\xD5\u1E4C\u022C\u1E4E\u014C\u1E50\u1E52\u014E\u022E\u0230\xD6\u022A\u1ECE\u0150\u01D1\u020C\u020E\u01A0\u1EDC\u1EDA\u1EE0\u1EDE\u1EE2\u1ECC\u1ED8\u01EA\u01EC\xD8\u01FE\u0186\u019F\uA74A\uA74C",
-         }, {
-           base: 'OE',
-           chars: "\u0152",
-         }, {
-           base: 'OI',
-           chars: "\u01A2",
-         }, {
-           base: 'OO',
-           chars: "\uA74E",
-         }, {
-           base: 'OU',
-           chars: "\u0222",
-         }, {
-           base: 'P',
-           chars: "\u24C5\uFF30\u1E54\u1E56\u01A4\u2C63\uA750\uA752\uA754",
-         }, {
-           base: 'Q',
-           chars: "\u24C6\uFF31\uA756\uA758\u024A",
-         }, {
-           base: 'R',
-           chars: "\u24C7\uFF32\u0154\u1E58\u0158\u0210\u0212\u1E5A\u1E5C\u0156\u1E5E\u024C\u2C64\uA75A\uA7A6\uA782",
-         }, {
-           base: 'S',
-           chars: "\u24C8\uFF33\u1E9E\u015A\u1E64\u015C\u1E60\u0160\u1E66\u1E62\u1E68\u0218\u015E\u2C7E\uA7A8\uA784",
-         }, {
-           base: 'T',
-           chars: "\u24C9\uFF34\u1E6A\u0164\u1E6C\u021A\u0162\u1E70\u1E6E\u0166\u01AC\u01AE\u023E\uA786",
-         }, {
-           base: 'Th',
-           chars: "\u00DE",
-         }, {
-           base: 'TZ',
-           chars: "\uA728",
-         }, {
-           base: 'U',
-           chars: "\u24CA\uFF35\xD9\xDA\xDB\u0168\u1E78\u016A\u1E7A\u016C\xDC\u01DB\u01D7\u01D5\u01D9\u1EE6\u016E\u0170\u01D3\u0214\u0216\u01AF\u1EEA\u1EE8\u1EEE\u1EEC\u1EF0\u1EE4\u1E72\u0172\u1E76\u1E74\u0244",
-         }, {
-           base: 'V',
-           chars: "\u24CB\uFF36\u1E7C\u1E7E\u01B2\uA75E\u0245",
-         }, {
-           base: 'VY',
-           chars: "\uA760",
-         }, {
-           base: 'W',
-           chars: "\u24CC\uFF37\u1E80\u1E82\u0174\u1E86\u1E84\u1E88\u2C72",
-         }, {
-           base: 'X',
-           chars: "\u24CD\uFF38\u1E8A\u1E8C",
-         }, {
-           base: 'Y',
-           chars: "\u24CE\uFF39\u1EF2\xDD\u0176\u1EF8\u0232\u1E8E\u0178\u1EF6\u1EF4\u01B3\u024E\u1EFE",
-         }, {
-           base: 'Z',
-           chars: "\u24CF\uFF3A\u0179\u1E90\u017B\u017D\u1E92\u1E94\u01B5\u0224\u2C7F\u2C6B\uA762",
-         }, {
-           base: 'a',
-           chars: "\u24D0\uFF41\u1E9A\u00E0\u00E1\u00E2\u1EA7\u1EA5\u1EAB\u1EA9\u00E3\u0101\u0103\u1EB1\u1EAF\u1EB5\u1EB3\u0227\u01E1\u00E4\u01DF\u1EA3\u00E5\u01FB\u01CE\u0201\u0203\u1EA1\u1EAD\u1EB7\u1E01\u0105\u2C65\u0250\u0251",
-         }, {
-           base: 'aa',
-           chars: "\uA733",
-         }, {
-           base: 'ae',
-           chars: "\u00E6\u01FD\u01E3",
-         }, {
-           base: 'ao',
-           chars: "\uA735",
-         }, {
-           base: 'au',
-           chars: "\uA737",
-         }, {
-           base: 'av',
-           chars: "\uA739\uA73B",
-         }, {
-           base: 'ay',
-           chars: "\uA73D",
-         }, {
-           base: 'b',
-           chars: "\u24D1\uFF42\u1E03\u1E05\u1E07\u0180\u0183\u0253\u0182",
-         }, {
-           base: 'c',
-           chars: "\uFF43\u24D2\u0107\u0109\u010B\u010D\u00E7\u1E09\u0188\u023C\uA73F\u2184",
-         }, {
-           base: 'd',
-           chars: "\u24D3\uFF44\u1E0B\u010F\u1E0D\u1E11\u1E13\u1E0F\u0111\u018C\u0256\u0257\u018B\u13E7\u0501\uA7AA",
-         }, {
-           base: 'dh',
-           chars: "\u00F0",
-         }, {
-           base: 'dz',
-           chars: "\u01F3\u01C6",
-         }, {
-           base: 'e',
-           chars: "\u24D4\uFF45\u00E8\u00E9\u00EA\u1EC1\u1EBF\u1EC5\u1EC3\u1EBD\u0113\u1E15\u1E17\u0115\u0117\u00EB\u1EBB\u011B\u0205\u0207\u1EB9\u1EC7\u0229\u1E1D\u0119\u1E19\u1E1B\u0247\u01DD",
-         }, {
-           base: 'f',
-           chars: "\u24D5\uFF46\u1E1F\u0192",
-         }, {
-           base: 'ff',
-           chars: "\uFB00",
-         }, {
-           base: 'fi',
-           chars: "\uFB01",
-         }, {
-           base: 'fl',
-           chars: "\uFB02",
-         }, {
-           base: 'ffi',
-           chars: "\uFB03",
-         }, {
-           base: 'ffl',
-           chars: "\uFB04",
-         }, {
-           base: 'g',
-           chars: "\u24D6\uFF47\u01F5\u011D\u1E21\u011F\u0121\u01E7\u0123\u01E5\u0260\uA7A1\uA77F\u1D79",
-         }, {
-           base: 'h',
-           chars: "\u24D7\uFF48\u0125\u1E23\u1E27\u021F\u1E25\u1E29\u1E2B\u1E96\u0127\u2C68\u2C76\u0265",
-         }, {
-           base: 'hv',
-           chars: "\u0195",
-         }, {
-           base: 'i',
-           chars: "\u24D8\uFF49\xEC\xED\xEE\u0129\u012B\u012D\xEF\u1E2F\u1EC9\u01D0\u0209\u020B\u1ECB\u012F\u1E2D\u0268\u0131",
-         }, {
-           base: 'j',
-           chars: "\u24D9\uFF4A\u0135\u01F0\u0249",
-         }, {
-           base: 'k',
-           chars: "\u24DA\uFF4B\u1E31\u01E9\u1E33\u0137\u1E35\u0199\u2C6A\uA741\uA743\uA745\uA7A3",
-         }, {
-           base: 'l',
-           chars: "\u24DB\uFF4C\u0140\u013A\u013E\u1E37\u1E39\u013C\u1E3D\u1E3B\u017F\u0142\u019A\u026B\u2C61\uA749\uA781\uA747\u026D",
-         }, {
-           base: 'lj',
-           chars: "\u01C9",
-         }, {
-           base: 'm',
-           chars: "\u24DC\uFF4D\u1E3F\u1E41\u1E43\u0271\u026F",
-         }, {
-           base: 'n',
-           chars: "\u24DD\uFF4E\u01F9\u0144\xF1\u1E45\u0148\u1E47\u0146\u1E4B\u1E49\u019E\u0272\u0149\uA791\uA7A5\u043B\u0509",
-         }, {
-           base: 'nj',
-           chars: "\u01CC",
-         }, {
-           base: 'o',
-           chars: "\u24DE\uFF4F\xF2\xF3\xF4\u1ED3\u1ED1\u1ED7\u1ED5\xF5\u1E4D\u022D\u1E4F\u014D\u1E51\u1E53\u014F\u022F\u0231\xF6\u022B\u1ECF\u0151\u01D2\u020D\u020F\u01A1\u1EDD\u1EDB\u1EE1\u1EDF\u1EE3\u1ECD\u1ED9\u01EB\u01ED\xF8\u01FF\uA74B\uA74D\u0275\u0254\u1D11",
-         }, {
-           base: 'oe',
-           chars: "\u0153",
-         }, {
-           base: 'oi',
-           chars: "\u01A3",
-         }, {
-           base: 'oo',
-           chars: "\uA74F",
-         }, {
-           base: 'ou',
-           chars: "\u0223",
-         }, {
-           base: 'p',
-           chars: "\u24DF\uFF50\u1E55\u1E57\u01A5\u1D7D\uA751\uA753\uA755\u03C1",
-         }, {
-           base: 'q',
-           chars: "\u24E0\uFF51\u024B\uA757\uA759",
-         }, {
-           base: 'r',
-           chars: "\u24E1\uFF52\u0155\u1E59\u0159\u0211\u0213\u1E5B\u1E5D\u0157\u1E5F\u024D\u027D\uA75B\uA7A7\uA783",
-         }, {
-           base: 's',
-           chars: "\u24E2\uFF53\u015B\u1E65\u015D\u1E61\u0161\u1E67\u1E63\u1E69\u0219\u015F\u023F\uA7A9\uA785\u1E9B\u0282",
-         }, {
-           base: 'ss',
-           chars: "\xDF",
-         }, {
-           base: 't',
-           chars: "\u24E3\uFF54\u1E6B\u1E97\u0165\u1E6D\u021B\u0163\u1E71\u1E6F\u0167\u01AD\u0288\u2C66\uA787",
-         }, {
-           base: 'th',
-           chars: "\u00FE",
-         }, {
-           base: 'tz',
-           chars: "\uA729",
-         }, {
-           base: 'u',
-           chars: "\u24E4\uFF55\xF9\xFA\xFB\u0169\u1E79\u016B\u1E7B\u016D\xFC\u01DC\u01D8\u01D6\u01DA\u1EE7\u016F\u0171\u01D4\u0215\u0217\u01B0\u1EEB\u1EE9\u1EEF\u1EED\u1EF1\u1EE5\u1E73\u0173\u1E77\u1E75\u0289",
-         }, {
-           base: 'v',
-           chars: "\u24E5\uFF56\u1E7D\u1E7F\u028B\uA75F\u028C",
-         }, {
-           base: 'vy',
-           chars: "\uA761",
-         }, {
-           base: 'w',
-           chars: "\u24E6\uFF57\u1E81\u1E83\u0175\u1E87\u1E85\u1E98\u1E89\u2C73",
-         }, {
-           base: 'x',
-           chars: "\u24E7\uFF58\u1E8B\u1E8D",
-         }, {
-           base: 'y',
-           chars: "\u24E8\uFF59\u1EF3\xFD\u0177\u1EF9\u0233\u1E8F\xFF\u1EF7\u1E99\u1EF5\u01B4\u024F\u1EFF",
-         }, {
-           base: 'z',
-           chars: "\u24E9\uFF5A\u017A\u1E91\u017C\u017E\u1E93\u1E95\u01B6\u0225\u0240\u2C6C\uA763",
-         }
-       ];
-
-       var diacriticsMap = {};
-       for (var i$1 = 0; i$1 < replacementList.length; i$1 += 1) {
-         var chars = replacementList[i$1].chars;
-         for (var j = 0; j < chars.length; j += 1) {
-           diacriticsMap[chars[j]] = replacementList[i$1].base;
-         }
-       }
-
-       function removeDiacritics(str) {
-         return str.replace(/[^\u0000-\u007e]/g, function(c) {
-           return diacriticsMap[c] || c;
-         });
-       }
-
-       var replacementList_1 = replacementList;
-       var diacriticsMap_1 = diacriticsMap;
-
-       var diacritics = {
-               remove: remove$1,
-               replacementList: replacementList_1,
-               diacriticsMap: diacriticsMap_1
-       };
-
-       var isArabic_1 = createCommonjsModule(function (module, exports) {
-       Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
-       const arabicBlocks = [
-           [0x0600, 0x06FF],
-           [0x0750, 0x077F],
-           [0x08A0, 0x08FF],
-           [0xFB50, 0xFDFF],
-           [0xFE70, 0xFEFF],
-           [0x10E60, 0x10E7F],
-           [0x1EC70, 0x1ECBF],
-           [0x1EE00, 0x1EEFF] // Mathematical Alphabetic symbols https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1EE00.pdf
-       ];
-       function isArabic(char) {
-           if (char.length > 1) {
-               // allow the newer chars?
-               throw new Error('isArabic works on only one-character strings');
-           }
-           let code = char.charCodeAt(0);
-           for (let i = 0; i < arabicBlocks.length; i++) {
-               let block = arabicBlocks[i];
-               if (code >= block[0] && code <= block[1]) {
-                   return true;
-               }
-           }
-           return false;
-       }
-       exports.isArabic = isArabic;
-       function isMath(char) {
-           if (char.length > 2) {
-               // allow the newer chars?
-               throw new Error('isMath works on only one-character strings');
-           }
-           let code = char.charCodeAt(0);
-           return ((code >= 0x660 && code <= 0x66C) || (code >= 0x6F0 && code <= 0x6F9));
-       }
-       exports.isMath = isMath;
-       });
-
-       var unicodeArabic = createCommonjsModule(function (module, exports) {
-       Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
-       const arabicReference = {
-           "alef": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u0627"
-               ],
-               "madda_above": {
-                   "normal": [
-                       "\u0627\u0653",
-                       "\u0622"
-                   ],
-                   "isolated": "\uFE81",
-                   "final": "\uFE82"
-               },
-               "hamza_above": {
-                   "normal": [
-                       "\u0627\u0654",
-                       "\u0623"
-                   ],
-                   "isolated": "\uFE83",
-                   "final": "\uFE84"
-               },
-               "hamza_below": {
-                   "normal": [
-                       "\u0627\u0655",
-                       "\u0625"
-                   ],
-                   "isolated": "\uFE87",
-                   "final": "\uFE88"
-               },
-               "wasla": {
-                   "normal": "\u0671",
-                   "isolated": "\uFB50",
-                   "final": "\uFB51"
-               },
-               "wavy_hamza_above": [
-                   "\u0672"
-               ],
-               "wavy_hamza_below": [
-                   "\u0627\u065F",
-                   "\u0673"
-               ],
-               "high_hamza": [
-                   "\u0675",
-                   "\u0627\u0674"
-               ],
-               "indic_two_above": [
-                   "\u0773"
-               ],
-               "indic_three_above": [
-                   "\u0774"
-               ],
-               "fathatan": {
-                   "normal": [
-                       "\u0627\u064B"
-                   ],
-                   "final": "\uFD3C",
-                   "isolated": "\uFD3D"
-               },
-               "isolated": "\uFE8D",
-               "final": "\uFE8E"
-           },
-           "beh": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u0628"
-               ],
-               "dotless": [
-                   "\u066E"
-               ],
-               "three_dots_horizontally_below": [
-                   "\u0750"
-               ],
-               "dot_below_three_dots_above": [
-                   "\u0751"
-               ],
-               "three_dots_pointing_upwards_below": [
-                   "\u0752"
-               ],
-               "three_dots_pointing_upwards_below_two_dots_above": [
-                   "\u0753"
-               ],
-               "two_dots_below_dot_above": [
-                   "\u0754"
-               ],
-               "inverted_small_v_below": [
-                   "\u0755"
-               ],
-               "small_v": [
-                   "\u0756"
-               ],
-               "small_v_below": [
-                   "\u08A0"
-               ],
-               "hamza_above": [
-                   "\u08A1"
-               ],
-               "small_meem_above": [
-                   "\u08B6"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFE8F",
-               "final": "\uFE90",
-               "initial": "\uFE91",
-               "medial": "\uFE92"
-           },
-           "teh marbuta": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u0629"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFE93",
-               "final": "\uFE94"
-           },
-           "teh": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u062A"
-               ],
-               "ring": [
-                   "\u067C"
-               ],
-               "three_dots_above_downwards": [
-                   "\u067D"
-               ],
-               "small_teh_above": [
-                   "\u08B8"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFE95",
-               "final": "\uFE96",
-               "initial": "\uFE97",
-               "medial": "\uFE98"
-           },
-           "theh": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u062B"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFE99",
-               "final": "\uFE9A",
-               "initial": "\uFE9B",
-               "medial": "\uFE9C"
-           },
-           "jeem": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u062C"
-               ],
-               "two_dots_above": [
-                   "\u08A2"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFE9D",
-               "final": "\uFE9E",
-               "initial": "\uFE9F",
-               "medial": "\uFEA0"
-           },
-           "hah": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u062D"
-               ],
-               "hamza_above": [
-                   "\u0681"
-               ],
-               "two_dots_vertical_above": [
-                   "\u0682"
-               ],
-               "three_dots_above": [
-                   "\u0685"
-               ],
-               "two_dots_above": [
-                   "\u0757"
-               ],
-               "three_dots_pointing_upwards_below": [
-                   "\u0758"
-               ],
-               "small_tah_below": [
-                   "\u076E"
-               ],
-               "small_tah_two_dots": [
-                   "\u076F"
-               ],
-               "small_tah_above": [
-                   "\u0772"
-               ],
-               "indic_four_below": [
-                   "\u077C"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFEA1",
-               "final": "\uFEA2",
-               "initial": "\uFEA3",
-               "medial": "\uFEA4"
-           },
-           "khah": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u062E"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFEA5",
-               "final": "\uFEA6",
-               "initial": "\uFEA7",
-               "medial": "\uFEA8"
-           },
-           "dal": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u062F"
-               ],
-               "ring": [
-                   "\u0689"
-               ],
-               "dot_below": [
-                   "\u068A"
-               ],
-               "dot_below_small_tah": [
-                   "\u068B"
-               ],
-               "three_dots_above_downwards": [
-                   "\u068F"
-               ],
-               "four_dots_above": [
-                   "\u0690"
-               ],
-               "inverted_v": [
-                   "\u06EE"
-               ],
-               "two_dots_vertically_below_small_tah": [
-                   "\u0759"
-               ],
-               "inverted_small_v_below": [
-                   "\u075A"
-               ],
-               "three_dots_below": [
-                   "\u08AE"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFEA9",
-               "final": "\uFEAA"
-           },
-           "thal": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u0630"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFEAB",
-               "final": "\uFEAC"
-           },
-           "reh": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u0631"
-               ],
-               "small_v": [
-                   "\u0692"
-               ],
-               "ring": [
-                   "\u0693"
-               ],
-               "dot_below": [
-                   "\u0694"
-               ],
-               "small_v_below": [
-                   "\u0695"
-               ],
-               "dot_below_dot_above": [
-                   "\u0696"
-               ],
-               "two_dots_above": [
-                   "\u0697"
-               ],
-               "four_dots_above": [
-                   "\u0699"
-               ],
-               "inverted_v": [
-                   "\u06EF"
-               ],
-               "stroke": [
-                   "\u075B"
-               ],
-               "two_dots_vertically_above": [
-                   "\u076B"
-               ],
-               "hamza_above": [
-                   "\u076C"
-               ],
-               "small_tah_two_dots": [
-                   "\u0771"
-               ],
-               "loop": [
-                   "\u08AA"
-               ],
-               "small_noon_above": [
-                   "\u08B9"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFEAD",
-               "final": "\uFEAE"
-           },
-           "zain": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u0632"
-               ],
-               "inverted_v_above": [
-                   "\u08B2"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFEAF",
-               "final": "\uFEB0"
-           },
-           "seen": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u0633"
-               ],
-               "dot_below_dot_above": [
-                   "\u069A"
-               ],
-               "three_dots_below": [
-                   "\u069B"
-               ],
-               "three_dots_below_three_dots_above": [
-                   "\u069C"
-               ],
-               "four_dots_above": [
-                   "\u075C"
-               ],
-               "two_dots_vertically_above": [
-                   "\u076D"
-               ],
-               "small_tah_two_dots": [
-                   "\u0770"
-               ],
-               "indic_four_above": [
-                   "\u077D"
-               ],
-               "inverted_v": [
-                   "\u077E"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFEB1",
-               "final": "\uFEB2",
-               "initial": "\uFEB3",
-               "medial": "\uFEB4"
-           },
-           "sheen": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u0634"
-               ],
-               "dot_below": [
-                   "\u06FA"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFEB5",
-               "final": "\uFEB6",
-               "initial": "\uFEB7",
-               "medial": "\uFEB8"
-           },
-           "sad": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u0635"
-               ],
-               "two_dots_below": [
-                   "\u069D"
-               ],
-               "three_dots_above": [
-                   "\u069E"
-               ],
-               "three_dots_below": [
-                   "\u08AF"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFEB9",
-               "final": "\uFEBA",
-               "initial": "\uFEBB",
-               "medial": "\uFEBC"
-           },
-           "dad": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u0636"
-               ],
-               "dot_below": [
-                   "\u06FB"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFEBD",
-               "final": "\uFEBE",
-               "initial": "\uFEBF",
-               "medial": "\uFEC0"
-           },
-           "tah": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u0637"
-               ],
-               "three_dots_above": [
-                   "\u069F"
-               ],
-               "two_dots_above": [
-                   "\u08A3"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFEC1",
-               "final": "\uFEC2",
-               "initial": "\uFEC3",
-               "medial": "\uFEC4"
-           },
-           "zah": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u0638"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFEC5",
-               "final": "\uFEC6",
-               "initial": "\uFEC7",
-               "medial": "\uFEC8"
-           },
-           "ain": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u0639"
-               ],
-               "three_dots_above": [
-                   "\u06A0"
-               ],
-               "two_dots_above": [
-                   "\u075D"
-               ],
-               "three_dots_pointing_downwards_above": [
-                   "\u075E"
-               ],
-               "two_dots_vertically_above": [
-                   "\u075F"
-               ],
-               "three_dots_below": [
-                   "\u08B3"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFEC9",
-               "final": "\uFECA",
-               "initial": "\uFECB",
-               "medial": "\uFECC"
-           },
-           "ghain": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u063A"
-               ],
-               "dot_below": [
-                   "\u06FC"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFECD",
-               "final": "\uFECE",
-               "initial": "\uFECF",
-               "medial": "\uFED0"
-           },
-           "feh": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u0641"
-               ],
-               "dotless": [
-                   "\u06A1"
-               ],
-               "dot_moved_below": [
-                   "\u06A2"
-               ],
-               "dot_below": [
-                   "\u06A3"
-               ],
-               "three_dots_below": [
-                   "\u06A5"
-               ],
-               "two_dots_below": [
-                   "\u0760"
-               ],
-               "three_dots_pointing_upwards_below": [
-                   "\u0761"
-               ],
-               "dot_below_three_dots_above": [
-                   "\u08A4"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFED1",
-               "final": "\uFED2",
-               "initial": "\uFED3",
-               "medial": "\uFED4"
-           },
-           "qaf": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u0642"
-               ],
-               "dotless": [
-                   "\u066F"
-               ],
-               "dot_above": [
-                   "\u06A7"
-               ],
-               "three_dots_above": [
-                   "\u06A8"
-               ],
-               "dot_below": [
-                   "\u08A5"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFED5",
-               "final": "\uFED6",
-               "initial": "\uFED7",
-               "medial": "\uFED8"
-           },
-           "kaf": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u0643"
-               ],
-               "swash": [
-                   "\u06AA"
-               ],
-               "ring": [
-                   "\u06AB"
-               ],
-               "dot_above": [
-                   "\u06AC"
-               ],
-               "three_dots_below": [
-                   "\u06AE"
-               ],
-               "two_dots_above": [
-                   "\u077F"
-               ],
-               "dot_below": [
-                   "\u08B4"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFED9",
-               "final": "\uFEDA",
-               "initial": "\uFEDB",
-               "medial": "\uFEDC"
-           },
-           "lam": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u0644"
-               ],
-               "small_v": [
-                   "\u06B5"
-               ],
-               "dot_above": [
-                   "\u06B6"
-               ],
-               "three_dots_above": [
-                   "\u06B7"
-               ],
-               "three_dots_below": [
-                   "\u06B8"
-               ],
-               "bar": [
-                   "\u076A"
-               ],
-               "double_bar": [
-                   "\u08A6"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFEDD",
-               "final": "\uFEDE",
-               "initial": "\uFEDF",
-               "medial": "\uFEE0"
-           },
-           "meem": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u0645"
-               ],
-               "dot_above": [
-                   "\u0765"
-               ],
-               "dot_below": [
-                   "\u0766"
-               ],
-               "three_dots_above": [
-                   "\u08A7"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFEE1",
-               "final": "\uFEE2",
-               "initial": "\uFEE3",
-               "medial": "\uFEE4"
-           },
-           "noon": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u0646"
-               ],
-               "dot_below": [
-                   "\u06B9"
-               ],
-               "ring": [
-                   "\u06BC"
-               ],
-               "three_dots_above": [
-                   "\u06BD"
-               ],
-               "two_dots_below": [
-                   "\u0767"
-               ],
-               "small_tah": [
-                   "\u0768"
-               ],
-               "small_v": [
-                   "\u0769"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFEE5",
-               "final": "\uFEE6",
-               "initial": "\uFEE7",
-               "medial": "\uFEE8"
-           },
-           "heh": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u0647"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFEE9",
-               "final": "\uFEEA",
-               "initial": "\uFEEB",
-               "medial": "\uFEEC"
-           },
-           "waw": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u0648"
-               ],
-               "hamza_above": {
-                   "normal": [
-                       "\u0624",
-                       "\u0648\u0654"
-                   ],
-                   "isolated": "\uFE85",
-                   "final": "\uFE86"
-               },
-               "high_hamza": [
-                   "\u0676",
-                   "\u0648\u0674"
-               ],
-               "ring": [
-                   "\u06C4"
-               ],
-               "two_dots_above": [
-                   "\u06CA"
-               ],
-               "dot_above": [
-                   "\u06CF"
-               ],
-               "indic_two_above": [
-                   "\u0778"
-               ],
-               "indic_three_above": [
-                   "\u0779"
-               ],
-               "dot_within": [
-                   "\u08AB"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFEED",
-               "final": "\uFEEE"
-           },
-           "alef_maksura": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u0649"
-               ],
-               "hamza_above": [
-                   "\u0626",
-                   "\u064A\u0654"
-               ],
-               "initial": "\uFBE8",
-               "medial": "\uFBE9",
-               "isolated": "\uFEEF",
-               "final": "\uFEF0"
-           },
-           "yeh": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u064A"
-               ],
-               "hamza_above": {
-                   "normal": [
-                       "\u0626",
-                       "\u0649\u0654"
-                   ],
-                   "isolated": "\uFE89",
-                   "final": "\uFE8A",
-                   "initial": "\uFE8B",
-                   "medial": "\uFE8C"
-               },
-               "two_dots_below_hamza_above": [
-                   "\u08A8"
-               ],
-               "high_hamza": [
-                   "\u0678",
-                   "\u064A\u0674"
-               ],
-               "tail": [
-                   "\u06CD"
-               ],
-               "small_v": [
-                   "\u06CE"
-               ],
-               "three_dots_below": [
-                   "\u06D1"
-               ],
-               "two_dots_below_dot_above": [
-                   "\u08A9"
-               ],
-               "two_dots_below_small_noon_above": [
-                   "\u08BA"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFEF1",
-               "final": "\uFEF2",
-               "initial": "\uFEF3",
-               "medial": "\uFEF4"
-           },
-           "tteh": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u0679"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFB66",
-               "final": "\uFB67",
-               "initial": "\uFB68",
-               "medial": "\uFB69"
-           },
-           "tteheh": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u067A"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFB5E",
-               "final": "\uFB5F",
-               "initial": "\uFB60",
-               "medial": "\uFB61"
-           },
-           "beeh": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u067B"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFB52",
-               "final": "\uFB53",
-               "initial": "\uFB54",
-               "medial": "\uFB55"
-           },
-           "peh": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u067E"
-               ],
-               "small_meem_above": [
-                   "\u08B7"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFB56",
-               "final": "\uFB57",
-               "initial": "\uFB58",
-               "medial": "\uFB59"
-           },
-           "teheh": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u067F"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFB62",
-               "final": "\uFB63",
-               "initial": "\uFB64",
-               "medial": "\uFB65"
-           },
-           "beheh": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u0680"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFB5A",
-               "final": "\uFB5B",
-               "initial": "\uFB5C",
-               "medial": "\uFB5D"
-           },
-           "nyeh": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u0683"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFB76",
-               "final": "\uFB77",
-               "initial": "\uFB78",
-               "medial": "\uFB79"
-           },
-           "dyeh": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u0684"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFB72",
-               "final": "\uFB73",
-               "initial": "\uFB74",
-               "medial": "\uFB75"
-           },
-           "tcheh": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u0686"
-               ],
-               "dot_above": [
-                   "\u06BF"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFB7A",
-               "final": "\uFB7B",
-               "initial": "\uFB7C",
-               "medial": "\uFB7D"
-           },
-           "tcheheh": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u0687"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFB7E",
-               "final": "\uFB7F",
-               "initial": "\uFB80",
-               "medial": "\uFB81"
-           },
-           "ddal": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u0688"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFB88",
-               "final": "\uFB89"
-           },
-           "dahal": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u068C"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFB84",
-               "final": "\uFB85"
-           },
-           "ddahal": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u068D"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFB82",
-               "final": "\uFB83"
-           },
-           "dul": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u068F",
-                   "\u068E"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFB86",
-               "final": "\uFB87"
-           },
-           "rreh": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u0691"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFB8C",
-               "final": "\uFB8D"
-           },
-           "jeh": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u0698"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFB8A",
-               "final": "\uFB8B"
-           },
-           "veh": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u06A4"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFB6A",
-               "final": "\uFB6B",
-               "initial": "\uFB6C",
-               "medial": "\uFB6D"
-           },
-           "peheh": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u06A6"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFB6E",
-               "final": "\uFB6F",
-               "initial": "\uFB70",
-               "medial": "\uFB71"
-           },
-           "keheh": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u06A9"
-               ],
-               "dot_above": [
-                   "\u0762"
-               ],
-               "three_dots_above": [
-                   "\u0763"
-               ],
-               "three_dots_pointing_upwards_below": [
-                   "\u0764"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFB8E",
-               "final": "\uFB8F",
-               "initial": "\uFB90",
-               "medial": "\uFB91"
-           },
-           "ng": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u06AD"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFBD3",
-               "final": "\uFBD4",
-               "initial": "\uFBD5",
-               "medial": "\uFBD6"
-           },
-           "gaf": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u06AF"
-               ],
-               "ring": [
-                   "\u06B0"
-               ],
-               "two_dots_below": [
-                   "\u06B2"
-               ],
-               "three_dots_above": [
-                   "\u06B4"
-               ],
-               "inverted_stroke": [
-                   "\u08B0"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFB92",
-               "final": "\uFB93",
-               "initial": "\uFB94",
-               "medial": "\uFB95"
-           },
-           "ngoeh": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u06B1"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFB9A",
-               "final": "\uFB9B",
-               "initial": "\uFB9C",
-               "medial": "\uFB9D"
-           },
-           "gueh": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u06B3"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFB96",
-               "final": "\uFB97",
-               "initial": "\uFB98",
-               "medial": "\uFB99"
-           },
-           "noon ghunna": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u06BA"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFB9E",
-               "final": "\uFB9F"
-           },
-           "rnoon": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u06BB"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFBA0",
-               "final": "\uFBA1",
-               "initial": "\uFBA2",
-               "medial": "\uFBA3"
-           },
-           "heh doachashmee": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u06BE"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFBAA",
-               "final": "\uFBAB",
-               "initial": "\uFBAC",
-               "medial": "\uFBAD"
-           },
-           "heh goal": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u06C1"
-               ],
-               "hamza_above": [
-                   "\u06C1\u0654",
-                   "\u06C2"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFBA6",
-               "final": "\uFBA7",
-               "initial": "\uFBA8",
-               "medial": "\uFBA9"
-           },
-           "teh marbuta goal": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u06C3"
-               ]
-           },
-           "kirghiz oe": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u06C5"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFBE0",
-               "final": "\uFBE1"
-           },
-           "oe": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u06C6"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFBD9",
-               "final": "\uFBDA"
-           },
-           "u": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u06C7"
-               ],
-               "hamza_above": {
-                   "normal": [
-                       "\u0677",
-                       "\u06C7\u0674"
-                   ],
-                   "isolated": "\uFBDD"
-               },
-               "isolated": "\uFBD7",
-               "final": "\uFBD8"
-           },
-           "yu": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u06C8"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFBDB",
-               "final": "\uFBDC"
-           },
-           "kirghiz yu": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u06C9"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFBE2",
-               "final": "\uFBE3"
-           },
-           "ve": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u06CB"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFBDE",
-               "final": "\uFBDF"
-           },
-           "farsi yeh": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u06CC"
-               ],
-               "indic_two_above": [
-                   "\u0775"
-               ],
-               "indic_three_above": [
-                   "\u0776"
-               ],
-               "indic_four_above": [
-                   "\u0777"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFBFC",
-               "final": "\uFBFD",
-               "initial": "\uFBFE",
-               "medial": "\uFBFF"
-           },
-           "e": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u06D0"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFBE4",
-               "final": "\uFBE5",
-               "initial": "\uFBE6",
-               "medial": "\uFBE7"
-           },
-           "yeh barree": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u06D2"
-               ],
-               "hamza_above": {
-                   "normal": [
-                       "\u06D2\u0654",
-                       "\u06D3"
-                   ],
-                   "isolated": "\uFBB0",
-                   "final": "\uFBB1"
-               },
-               "indic_two_above": [
-                   "\u077A"
-               ],
-               "indic_three_above": [
-                   "\u077B"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\uFBAE",
-               "final": "\uFBAF"
-           },
-           "ae": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u06D5"
-               ],
-               "isolated": "\u06D5",
-               "final": "\uFEEA",
-               "yeh_above": {
-                   "normal": [
-                       "\u06C0",
-                       "\u06D5\u0654"
-                   ],
-                   "isolated": "\uFBA4",
-                   "final": "\uFBA5"
-               }
-           },
-           "rohingya yeh": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u08AC"
-               ]
-           },
-           "low alef": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u08AD"
-               ]
-           },
-           "straight waw": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u08B1"
-               ]
-           },
-           "african feh": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u08BB"
-               ]
-           },
-           "african qaf": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u08BC"
-               ]
-           },
-           "african noon": {
-               "normal": [
-                   "\u08BD"
-               ]
-           }
-       };
-       exports.default = arabicReference;
-       });
-
-       var unicodeLigatures = createCommonjsModule(function (module, exports) {
-       Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
-       const ligatureReference = {
-           "\u0626\u0627": {
-               "isolated": "\uFBEA",
-               "final": "\uFBEB"
-           },
-           "\u0626\u06D5": {
-               "isolated": "\uFBEC",
-               "final": "\uFBED"
-           },
-           "\u0626\u0648": {
-               "isolated": "\uFBEE",
-               "final": "\uFBEF"
-           },
-           "\u0626\u06C7": {
-               "isolated": "\uFBF0",
-               "final": "\uFBF1"
-           },
-           "\u0626\u06C6": {
-               "isolated": "\uFBF2",
-               "final": "\uFBF3"
-           },
-           "\u0626\u06C8": {
-               "isolated": "\uFBF4",
-               "final": "\uFBF5"
-           },
-           "\u0626\u06D0": {
-               "isolated": "\uFBF6",
-               "final": "\uFBF7",
-               "initial": "\uFBF8"
-           },
-           "\u0626\u0649": {
-               "uighur_kirghiz": {
-                   "isolated": "\uFBF9",
-                   "final": "\uFBFA",
-                   "initial": "\uFBFB"
-               },
-               "isolated": "\uFC03",
-               "final": "\uFC68"
-           },
-           "\u0626\u062C": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC00",
-               "initial": "\uFC97"
-           },
-           "\u0626\u062D": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC01",
-               "initial": "\uFC98"
-           },
-           "\u0626\u0645": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC02",
-               "final": "\uFC66",
-               "initial": "\uFC9A",
-               "medial": "\uFCDF"
-           },
-           "\u0626\u064A": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC04",
-               "final": "\uFC69"
-           },
-           "\u0628\u062C": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC05",
-               "initial": "\uFC9C"
-           },
-           "\u0628\u062D": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC06",
-               "initial": "\uFC9D"
-           },
-           "\u0628\u062E": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC07",
-               "initial": "\uFC9E"
-           },
-           "\u0628\u0645": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC08",
-               "final": "\uFC6C",
-               "initial": "\uFC9F",
-               "medial": "\uFCE1"
-           },
-           "\u0628\u0649": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC09",
-               "final": "\uFC6E"
-           },
-           "\u0628\u064A": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC0A",
-               "final": "\uFC6F"
-           },
-           "\u062A\u062C": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC0B",
-               "initial": "\uFCA1"
-           },
-           "\u062A\u062D": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC0C",
-               "initial": "\uFCA2"
-           },
-           "\u062A\u062E": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC0D",
-               "initial": "\uFCA3"
-           },
-           "\u062A\u0645": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC0E",
-               "final": "\uFC72",
-               "initial": "\uFCA4",
-               "medial": "\uFCE3"
-           },
-           "\u062A\u0649": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC0F",
-               "final": "\uFC74"
-           },
-           "\u062A\u064A": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC10",
-               "final": "\uFC75"
-           },
-           "\u062B\u062C": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC11"
-           },
-           "\u062B\u0645": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC12",
-               "final": "\uFC78",
-               "initial": "\uFCA6",
-               "medial": "\uFCE5"
-           },
-           "\u062B\u0649": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC13",
-               "final": "\uFC7A"
-           },
-           "\u062B\u0648": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC14"
-           },
-           "\u062C\u062D": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC15",
-               "initial": "\uFCA7"
-           },
-           "\u062C\u0645": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC16",
-               "initial": "\uFCA8"
-           },
-           "\u062D\u062C": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC17",
-               "initial": "\uFCA9"
-           },
-           "\u062D\u0645": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC18",
-               "initial": "\uFCAA"
-           },
-           "\u062E\u062C": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC19",
-               "initial": "\uFCAB"
-           },
-           "\u062E\u062D": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC1A"
-           },
-           "\u062E\u0645": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC1B",
-               "initial": "\uFCAC"
-           },
-           "\u0633\u062C": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC1C",
-               "initial": "\uFCAD",
-               "medial": "\uFD34"
-           },
-           "\u0633\u062D": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC1D",
-               "initial": "\uFCAE",
-               "medial": "\uFD35"
-           },
-           "\u0633\u062E": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC1E",
-               "initial": "\uFCAF",
-               "medial": "\uFD36"
-           },
-           "\u0633\u0645": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC1F",
-               "initial": "\uFCB0",
-               "medial": "\uFCE7"
-           },
-           "\u0635\u062D": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC20",
-               "initial": "\uFCB1"
-           },
-           "\u0635\u0645": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC21",
-               "initial": "\uFCB3"
-           },
-           "\u0636\u062C": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC22",
-               "initial": "\uFCB4"
-           },
-           "\u0636\u062D": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC23",
-               "initial": "\uFCB5"
-           },
-           "\u0636\u062E": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC24",
-               "initial": "\uFCB6"
-           },
-           "\u0636\u0645": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC25",
-               "initial": "\uFCB7"
-           },
-           "\u0637\u062D": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC26",
-               "initial": "\uFCB8"
-           },
-           "\u0637\u0645": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC27",
-               "initial": "\uFD33",
-               "medial": "\uFD3A"
-           },
-           "\u0638\u0645": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC28",
-               "initial": "\uFCB9",
-               "medial": "\uFD3B"
-           },
-           "\u0639\u062C": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC29",
-               "initial": "\uFCBA"
-           },
-           "\u0639\u0645": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC2A",
-               "initial": "\uFCBB"
-           },
-           "\u063A\u062C": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC2B",
-               "initial": "\uFCBC"
-           },
-           "\u063A\u0645": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC2C",
-               "initial": "\uFCBD"
-           },
-           "\u0641\u062C": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC2D",
-               "initial": "\uFCBE"
-           },
-           "\u0641\u062D": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC2E",
-               "initial": "\uFCBF"
-           },
-           "\u0641\u062E": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC2F",
-               "initial": "\uFCC0"
-           },
-           "\u0641\u0645": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC30",
-               "initial": "\uFCC1"
-           },
-           "\u0641\u0649": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC31",
-               "final": "\uFC7C"
-           },
-           "\u0641\u064A": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC32",
-               "final": "\uFC7D"
-           },
-           "\u0642\u062D": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC33",
-               "initial": "\uFCC2"
-           },
-           "\u0642\u0645": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC34",
-               "initial": "\uFCC3"
-           },
-           "\u0642\u0649": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC35",
-               "final": "\uFC7E"
-           },
-           "\u0642\u064A": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC36",
-               "final": "\uFC7F"
-           },
-           "\u0643\u0627": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC37",
-               "final": "\uFC80"
-           },
-           "\u0643\u062C": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC38",
-               "initial": "\uFCC4"
-           },
-           "\u0643\u062D": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC39",
-               "initial": "\uFCC5"
-           },
-           "\u0643\u062E": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC3A",
-               "initial": "\uFCC6"
-           },
-           "\u0643\u0644": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC3B",
-               "final": "\uFC81",
-               "initial": "\uFCC7",
-               "medial": "\uFCEB"
-           },
-           "\u0643\u0645": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC3C",
-               "final": "\uFC82",
-               "initial": "\uFCC8",
-               "medial": "\uFCEC"
-           },
-           "\u0643\u0649": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC3D",
-               "final": "\uFC83"
-           },
-           "\u0643\u064A": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC3E",
-               "final": "\uFC84"
-           },
-           "\u0644\u062C": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC3F",
-               "initial": "\uFCC9"
-           },
-           "\u0644\u062D": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC40",
-               "initial": "\uFCCA"
-           },
-           "\u0644\u062E": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC41",
-               "initial": "\uFCCB"
-           },
-           "\u0644\u0645": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC42",
-               "final": "\uFC85",
-               "initial": "\uFCCC",
-               "medial": "\uFCED"
-           },
-           "\u0644\u0649": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC43",
-               "final": "\uFC86"
-           },
-           "\u0644\u064A": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC44",
-               "final": "\uFC87"
-           },
-           "\u0645\u062C": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC45",
-               "initial": "\uFCCE"
-           },
-           "\u0645\u062D": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC46",
-               "initial": "\uFCCF"
-           },
-           "\u0645\u062E": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC47",
-               "initial": "\uFCD0"
-           },
-           "\u0645\u0645": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC48",
-               "final": "\uFC89",
-               "initial": "\uFCD1"
-           },
-           "\u0645\u0649": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC49"
-           },
-           "\u0645\u064A": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC4A"
-           },
-           "\u0646\u062C": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC4B",
-               "initial": "\uFCD2"
-           },
-           "\u0646\u062D": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC4C",
-               "initial": "\uFCD3"
-           },
-           "\u0646\u062E": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC4D",
-               "initial": "\uFCD4"
-           },
-           "\u0646\u0645": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC4E",
-               "final": "\uFC8C",
-               "initial": "\uFCD5",
-               "medial": "\uFCEE"
-           },
-           "\u0646\u0649": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC4F",
-               "final": "\uFC8E"
-           },
-           "\u0646\u064A": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC50",
-               "final": "\uFC8F"
-           },
-           "\u0647\u062C": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC51",
-               "initial": "\uFCD7"
-           },
-           "\u0647\u0645": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC52",
-               "initial": "\uFCD8"
-           },
-           "\u0647\u0649": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC53"
-           },
-           "\u0647\u064A": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC54"
-           },
-           "\u064A\u062C": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC55",
-               "initial": "\uFCDA"
-           },
-           "\u064A\u062D": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC56",
-               "initial": "\uFCDB"
-           },
-           "\u064A\u062E": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC57",
-               "initial": "\uFCDC"
-           },
-           "\u064A\u0645": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC58",
-               "final": "\uFC93",
-               "initial": "\uFCDD",
-               "medial": "\uFCF0"
-           },
-           "\u064A\u0649": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC59",
-               "final": "\uFC95"
-           },
-           "\u064A\u064A": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC5A",
-               "final": "\uFC96"
-           },
-           "\u0630\u0670": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC5B"
-           },
-           "\u0631\u0670": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC5C"
-           },
-           "\u0649\u0670": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC5D",
-               "final": "\uFC90"
-           },
-           "\u064C\u0651": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC5E"
-           },
-           "\u064D\u0651": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC5F"
-           },
-           "\u064E\u0651": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC60"
-           },
-           "\u064F\u0651": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC61"
-           },
-           "\u0650\u0651": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC62"
-           },
-           "\u0651\u0670": {
-               "isolated": "\uFC63"
-           },
-           "\u0626\u0631": {
-               "final": "\uFC64"
-           },
-           "\u0626\u0632": {
-               "final": "\uFC65"
-           },
-           "\u0626\u0646": {
-               "final": "\uFC67"
-           },
-           "\u0628\u0631": {
-               "final": "\uFC6A"
-           },
-           "\u0628\u0632": {
-               "final": "\uFC6B"
-           },
-           "\u0628\u0646": {
-               "final": "\uFC6D"
-           },
-           "\u062A\u0631": {
-               "final": "\uFC70"
-           },
-           "\u062A\u0632": {
-               "final": "\uFC71"
-           },
-           "\u062A\u0646": {
-               "final": "\uFC73"
-           },
-           "\u062B\u0631": {
-               "final": "\uFC76"
-           },
-           "\u062B\u0632": {
-               "final": "\uFC77"
-           },
-           "\u062B\u0646": {
-               "final": "\uFC79"
-           },
-           "\u062B\u064A": {
-               "final": "\uFC7B"
-           },
-           "\u0645\u0627": {
-               "final": "\uFC88"
-           },
-           "\u0646\u0631": {
-               "final": "\uFC8A"
-           },
-           "\u0646\u0632": {
-               "final": "\uFC8B"
-           },
-           "\u0646\u0646": {
-               "final": "\uFC8D"
-           },
-           "\u064A\u0631": {
-               "final": "\uFC91"
-           },
-           "\u064A\u0632": {
-               "final": "\uFC92"
-           },
-           "\u064A\u0646": {
-               "final": "\uFC94"
-           },
-           "\u0626\u062E": {
-               "initial": "\uFC99"
-           },
-           "\u0626\u0647": {
-               "initial": "\uFC9B",
-               "medial": "\uFCE0"
-           },
-           "\u0628\u0647": {
-               "initial": "\uFCA0",
-               "medial": "\uFCE2"
-           },
-           "\u062A\u0647": {
-               "initial": "\uFCA5",
-               "medial": "\uFCE4"
-           },
-           "\u0635\u062E": {
-               "initial": "\uFCB2"
-           },
-           "\u0644\u0647": {
-               "initial": "\uFCCD"
-           },
-           "\u0646\u0647": {
-               "initial": "\uFCD6",
-               "medial": "\uFCEF"
-           },
-           "\u0647\u0670": {
-               "initial": "\uFCD9"
-           },
-           "\u064A\u0647": {
-               "initial": "\uFCDE",
-               "medial": "\uFCF1"
-           },
-           "\u062B\u0647": {
-               "medial": "\uFCE6"
-           },
-           "\u0633\u0647": {
-               "medial": "\uFCE8",
-               "initial": "\uFD31"
-           },
-           "\u0634\u0645": {
-               "medial": "\uFCE9",
-               "isolated": "\uFD0C",
-               "final": "\uFD28",
-               "initial": "\uFD30"
-           },
-           "\u0634\u0647": {
-               "medial": "\uFCEA",
-               "initial": "\uFD32"
-           },
-           "\u0640\u064E\u0651": {
-               "medial": "\uFCF2"
-           },
-           "\u0640\u064F\u0651": {
-               "medial": "\uFCF3"
-           },
-           "\u0640\u0650\u0651": {
-               "medial": "\uFCF4"
-           },
-           "\u0637\u0649": {
-               "isolated": "\uFCF5",
-               "final": "\uFD11"
-           },
-           "\u0637\u064A": {
-               "isolated": "\uFCF6",
-               "final": "\uFD12"
-           },
-           "\u0639\u0649": {
-               "isolated": "\uFCF7",
-               "final": "\uFD13"
-           },
-           "\u0639\u064A": {
-               "isolated": "\uFCF8",
-               "final": "\uFD14"
-           },
-           "\u063A\u0649": {
-               "isolated": "\uFCF9",
-               "final": "\uFD15"
-           },
-           "\u063A\u064A": {
-               "isolated": "\uFCFA",
-               "final": "\uFD16"
-           },
-           "\u0633\u0649": {
-               "isolated": "\uFCFB"
-           },
-           "\u0633\u064A": {
-               "isolated": "\uFCFC",
-               "final": "\uFD18"
-           },
-           "\u0634\u0649": {
-               "isolated": "\uFCFD",
-               "final": "\uFD19"
-           },
-           "\u0634\u064A": {
-               "isolated": "\uFCFE",
-               "final": "\uFD1A"
-           },
-           "\u062D\u0649": {
-               "isolated": "\uFCFF",
-               "final": "\uFD1B"
-           },
-           "\u062D\u064A": {
-               "isolated": "\uFD00",
-               "final": "\uFD1C"
-           },
-           "\u062C\u0649": {
-               "isolated": "\uFD01",
-               "final": "\uFD1D"
-           },
-           "\u062C\u064A": {
-               "isolated": "\uFD02",
-               "final": "\uFD1E"
-           },
-           "\u062E\u0649": {
-               "isolated": "\uFD03",
-               "final": "\uFD1F"
-           },
-           "\u062E\u064A": {
-               "isolated": "\uFD04",
-               "final": "\uFD20"
-           },
-           "\u0635\u0649": {
-               "isolated": "\uFD05",
-               "final": "\uFD21"
-           },
-           "\u0635\u064A": {
-               "isolated": "\uFD06",
-               "final": "\uFD22"
-           },
-           "\u0636\u0649": {
-               "isolated": "\uFD07",
-               "final": "\uFD23"
-           },
-           "\u0636\u064A": {
-               "isolated": "\uFD08",
-               "final": "\uFD24"
-           },
-           "\u0634\u062C": {
-               "isolated": "\uFD09",
-               "final": "\uFD25",
-               "initial": "\uFD2D",
-               "medial": "\uFD37"
-           },
-           "\u0634\u062D": {
-               "isolated": "\uFD0A",
-               "final": "\uFD26",
-               "initial": "\uFD2E",
-               "medial": "\uFD38"
-           },
-           "\u0634\u062E": {
-               "isolated": "\uFD0B",
-               "final": "\uFD27",
-               "initial": "\uFD2F",
-               "medial": "\uFD39"
-           },
-           "\u0634\u0631": {
-               "isolated": "\uFD0D",
-               "final": "\uFD29"
-           },
-           "\u0633\u0631": {
-               "isolated": "\uFD0E",
-               "final": "\uFD2A"
-           },
-           "\u0635\u0631": {
-               "isolated": "\uFD0F",
-               "final": "\uFD2B"
-           },
-           "\u0636\u0631": {
-               "isolated": "\uFD10",
-               "final": "\uFD2C"
-           },
-           "\u0633\u0639": {
-               "final": "\uFD17"
-           },
-           "\u062A\u062C\u0645": {
-               "initial": "\uFD50"
-           },
-           "\u062A\u062D\u062C": {
-               "final": "\uFD51",
-               "initial": "\uFD52"
-           },
-           "\u062A\u062D\u0645": {
-               "initial": "\uFD53"
-           },
-           "\u062A\u062E\u0645": {
-               "initial": "\uFD54"
-           },
-           "\u062A\u0645\u062C": {
-               "initial": "\uFD55"
-           },
-           "\u062A\u0645\u062D": {
-               "initial": "\uFD56"
-           },
-           "\u062A\u0645\u062E": {
-               "initial": "\uFD57"
-           },
-           "\u062C\u0645\u062D": {
-               "final": "\uFD58",
-               "initial": "\uFD59"
-           },
-           "\u062D\u0645\u064A": {
-               "final": "\uFD5A"
-           },
-           "\u062D\u0645\u0649": {
-               "final": "\uFD5B"
-           },
-           "\u0633\u062D\u062C": {
-               "initial": "\uFD5C"
-           },
-           "\u0633\u062C\u062D": {
-               "initial": "\uFD5D"
-           },
-           "\u0633\u062C\u0649": {
-               "final": "\uFD5E"
-           },
-           "\u0633\u0645\u062D": {
-               "final": "\uFD5F",
-               "initial": "\uFD60"
-           },
-           "\u0633\u0645\u062C": {
-               "initial": "\uFD61"
-           },
-           "\u0633\u0645\u0645": {
-               "final": "\uFD62",
-               "initial": "\uFD63"
-           },
-           "\u0635\u062D\u062D": {
-               "final": "\uFD64",
-               "initial": "\uFD65"
-           },
-           "\u0635\u0645\u0645": {
-               "final": "\uFD66",
-               "initial": "\uFDC5"
-           },
-           "\u0634\u062D\u0645": {
-               "final": "\uFD67",
-               "initial": "\uFD68"
-           },
-           "\u0634\u062C\u064A": {
-               "final": "\uFD69"
-           },
-           "\u0634\u0645\u062E": {
-               "final": "\uFD6A",
-               "initial": "\uFD6B"
-           },
-           "\u0634\u0645\u0645": {
-               "final": "\uFD6C",
-               "initial": "\uFD6D"
-           },
-           "\u0636\u062D\u0649": {
-               "final": "\uFD6E"
-           },
-           "\u0636\u062E\u0645": {
-               "final": "\uFD6F",
-               "initial": "\uFD70"
-           },
-           "\u0636\u0645\u062D": {
-               "final": "\uFD71"
-           },
-           "\u0637\u0645\u062D": {
-               "initial": "\uFD72"
-           },
-           "\u0637\u0645\u0645": {
-               "initial": "\uFD73"
-           },
-           "\u0637\u0645\u064A": {
-               "final": "\uFD74"
-           },
-           "\u0639\u062C\u0645": {
-               "final": "\uFD75",
-               "initial": "\uFDC4"
-           },
-           "\u0639\u0645\u0645": {
-               "final": "\uFD76",
-               "initial": "\uFD77"
-           },
-           "\u0639\u0645\u0649": {
-               "final": "\uFD78"
-           },
-           "\u063A\u0645\u0645": {
-               "final": "\uFD79"
-           },
-           "\u063A\u0645\u064A": {
-               "final": "\uFD7A"
-           },
-           "\u063A\u0645\u0649": {
-               "final": "\uFD7B"
-           },
-           "\u0641\u062E\u0645": {
-               "final": "\uFD7C",
-               "initial": "\uFD7D"
-           },
-           "\u0642\u0645\u062D": {
-               "final": "\uFD7E",
-               "initial": "\uFDB4"
-           },
-           "\u0642\u0645\u0645": {
-               "final": "\uFD7F"
-           },
-           "\u0644\u062D\u0645": {
-               "final": "\uFD80",
-               "initial": "\uFDB5"
-           },
-           "\u0644\u062D\u064A": {
-               "final": "\uFD81"
-           },
-           "\u0644\u062D\u0649": {
-               "final": "\uFD82"
-           },
-           "\u0644\u062C\u062C": {
-               "initial": "\uFD83",
-               "final": "\uFD84"
-           },
-           "\u0644\u062E\u0645": {
-               "final": "\uFD85",
-               "initial": "\uFD86"
-           },
-           "\u0644\u0645\u062D": {
-               "final": "\uFD87",
-               "initial": "\uFD88"
-           },
-           "\u0645\u062D\u062C": {
-               "initial": "\uFD89"
-           },
-           "\u0645\u062D\u0645": {
-               "initial": "\uFD8A"
-           },
-           "\u0645\u062D\u064A": {
-               "final": "\uFD8B"
-           },
-           "\u0645\u062C\u062D": {
-               "initial": "\uFD8C"
-           },
-           "\u0645\u062C\u0645": {
-               "initial": "\uFD8D"
-           },
-           "\u0645\u062E\u062C": {
-               "initial": "\uFD8E"
-           },
-           "\u0645\u062E\u0645": {
-               "initial": "\uFD8F"
-           },
-           "\u0645\u062C\u062E": {
-               "initial": "\uFD92"
-           },
-           "\u0647\u0645\u062C": {
-               "initial": "\uFD93"
-           },
-           "\u0647\u0645\u0645": {
-               "initial": "\uFD94"
-           },
-           "\u0646\u062D\u0645": {
-               "initial": "\uFD95"
-           },
-           "\u0646\u062D\u0649": {
-               "final": "\uFD96"
-           },
-           "\u0646\u062C\u0645": {
-               "final": "\uFD97",
-               "initial": "\uFD98"
-           },
-           "\u0646\u062C\u0649": {
-               "final": "\uFD99"
-           },
-           "\u0646\u0645\u064A": {
-               "final": "\uFD9A"
-           },
-           "\u0646\u0645\u0649": {
-               "final": "\uFD9B"
-           },
-           "\u064A\u0645\u0645": {
-               "final": "\uFD9C",
-               "initial": "\uFD9D"
-           },
-           "\u0628\u062E\u064A": {
-               "final": "\uFD9E"
-           },
-           "\u062A\u062C\u064A": {
-               "final": "\uFD9F"
-           },
-           "\u062A\u062C\u0649": {
-               "final": "\uFDA0"
-           },
-           "\u062A\u062E\u064A": {
-               "final": "\uFDA1"
-           },
-           "\u062A\u062E\u0649": {
-               "final": "\uFDA2"
-           },
-           "\u062A\u0645\u064A": {
-               "final": "\uFDA3"
-           },
-           "\u062A\u0645\u0649": {
-               "final": "\uFDA4"
-           },
-           "\u062C\u0645\u064A": {
-               "final": "\uFDA5"
-           },
-           "\u062C\u062D\u0649": {
-               "final": "\uFDA6"
-           },
-           "\u062C\u0645\u0649": {
-               "final": "\uFDA7"
-           },
-           "\u0633\u062E\u0649": {
-               "final": "\uFDA8"
-           },
-           "\u0635\u062D\u064A": {
-               "final": "\uFDA9"
-           },
-           "\u0634\u062D\u064A": {
-               "final": "\uFDAA"
-           },
-           "\u0636\u062D\u064A": {
-               "final": "\uFDAB"
-           },
-           "\u0644\u062C\u064A": {
-               "final": "\uFDAC"
-           },
-           "\u0644\u0645\u064A": {
-               "final": "\uFDAD"
-           },
-           "\u064A\u062D\u064A": {
-               "final": "\uFDAE"
-           },
-           "\u064A\u062C\u064A": {
-               "final": "\uFDAF"
-           },
-           "\u064A\u0645\u064A": {
-               "final": "\uFDB0"
-           },
-           "\u0645\u0645\u064A": {
-               "final": "\uFDB1"
-           },
-           "\u0642\u0645\u064A": {
-               "final": "\uFDB2"
-           },
-           "\u0646\u062D\u064A": {
-               "final": "\uFDB3"
-           },
-           "\u0639\u0645\u064A": {
-               "final": "\uFDB6"
-           },
-           "\u0643\u0645\u064A": {
-               "final": "\uFDB7"
-           },
-           "\u0646\u062C\u062D": {
-               "initial": "\uFDB8",
-               "final": "\uFDBD"
-           },
-           "\u0645\u062E\u064A": {
-               "final": "\uFDB9"
-           },
-           "\u0644\u062C\u0645": {
-               "initial": "\uFDBA",
-               "final": "\uFDBC"
-           },
-           "\u0643\u0645\u0645": {
-               "final": "\uFDBB",
-               "initial": "\uFDC3"
-           },
-           "\u062C\u062D\u064A": {
-               "final": "\uFDBE"
-           },
-           "\u062D\u062C\u064A": {
-               "final": "\uFDBF"
-           },
-           "\u0645\u062C\u064A": {
-               "final": "\uFDC0"
-           },
-           "\u0641\u0645\u064A": {
-               "final": "\uFDC1"
-           },
-           "\u0628\u062D\u064A": {
-               "final": "\uFDC2"
-           },
-           "\u0633\u062E\u064A": {
-               "final": "\uFDC6"
-           },
-           "\u0646\u062C\u064A": {
-               "final": "\uFDC7"
-           },
-           "\u0644\u0622": {
-               "isolated": "\uFEF5",
-               "final": "\uFEF6"
-           },
-           "\u0644\u0623": {
-               "isolated": "\uFEF7",
-               "final": "\uFEF8"
-           },
-           "\u0644\u0625": {
-               "isolated": "\uFEF9",
-               "final": "\uFEFA"
-           },
-           "\u0644\u0627": {
-               "isolated": "\uFEFB",
-               "final": "\uFEFC"
-           },
-           "words": {
-               "\u0635\u0644\u06D2": "\uFDF0",
-               "\u0642\u0644\u06D2": "\uFDF1",
-               "\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647": "\uFDF2",
-               "\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0631": "\uFDF3",
-               "\u0645\u062D\u0645\u062F": "\uFDF4",
-               "\u0635\u0644\u0639\u0645": "\uFDF5",
-               "\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644": "\uFDF6",
-               "\u0639\u0644\u064A\u0647": "\uFDF7",
-               "\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645": "\uFDF8",
-               "\u0635\u0644\u0649": "\uFDF9",
-               "\u0635\u0644\u0649\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0639\u0644\u064A\u0647\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645": "\uFDFA",
-               "\u062C\u0644\u062C\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647": "\uFDFB",
-               "\u0631\u06CC\u0627\u0644": "\uFDFC"
-           }
-       };
-       exports.default = ligatureReference;
-       });
-
-       var reference = createCommonjsModule(function (module, exports) {
-       Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
-
-
-       const letterList = Object.keys(unicodeArabic.default);
-       exports.letterList = letterList;
-       const ligatureList = Object.keys(unicodeLigatures.default);
-       exports.ligatureList = ligatureList;
-       const ligatureWordList = Object.keys(unicodeLigatures.default.words);
-       exports.ligatureWordList = ligatureWordList;
-       const lams = '\u0644\u06B5\u06B6\u06B7\u06B8';
-       exports.lams = lams;
-       const alefs = '\u0627\u0622\u0623\u0625\u0671\u0672\u0673\u0675\u0773\u0774';
-       exports.alefs = alefs;
-       // for (var l = 1; l < lams.length; l++) {
-       //   console.log('-');
-       //   for (var a = 0; a < alefs.length; a++) {
-       //     console.log(a + ': ' + lams[l] + alefs[a]);
-       //   }
-       // }
-       let tashkeel = '\u0605\u0640\u0670\u0674\u06DF\u06E7\u06E8';
-       exports.tashkeel = tashkeel;
-       function addToTashkeel(start, finish) {
-           for (var i = start; i <= finish; i++) {
-               exports.tashkeel = tashkeel += String.fromCharCode(i);
-           }
-       }
-       addToTashkeel(0x0610, 0x061A);
-       addToTashkeel(0x064B, 0x065F);
-       addToTashkeel(0x06D6, 0x06DC);
-       addToTashkeel(0x06E0, 0x06E4);
-       addToTashkeel(0x06EA, 0x06ED);
-       addToTashkeel(0x08D3, 0x08E1);
-       addToTashkeel(0x08E3, 0x08FF);
-       addToTashkeel(0xFE70, 0xFE7F);
-       let lineBreakers = '\u0627\u0629\u0648\u06C0\u06CF\u06FD\u06FE\u076B\u076C\u0771\u0773\u0774\u0778\u0779\u08E2\u08B1\u08B2\u08B9';
-       exports.lineBreakers = lineBreakers;
-       function addToLineBreakers(start, finish) {
-           for (var i = start; i <= finish; i++) {
-               exports.lineBreakers = lineBreakers += String.fromCharCode(i);
-           }
-       }
-       addToLineBreakers(0x0600, 0x061F); // it's OK to include tashkeel in this range as it is ignored
-       addToLineBreakers(0x0621, 0x0625);
-       addToLineBreakers(0x062F, 0x0632);
-       addToLineBreakers(0x0660, 0x066D); // numerals, math
-       addToLineBreakers(0x0671, 0x0677);
-       addToLineBreakers(0x0688, 0x0699);
-       addToLineBreakers(0x06C3, 0x06CB);
-       addToLineBreakers(0x06D2, 0x06F9);
-       addToLineBreakers(0x0759, 0x075B);
-       addToLineBreakers(0x08AA, 0x08AE);
-       addToLineBreakers(0xFB50, 0xFDFD); // presentation forms look like they could connect, but never do
-       // Presentation Forms A includes diacritics but they are meant to stand alone
-       addToLineBreakers(0xFE80, 0xFEFC); // presentation forms look like they could connect, but never do
-       // numerals, math
-       addToLineBreakers(0x10E60, 0x10E7F);
-       addToLineBreakers(0x1EC70, 0x1ECBF);
-       addToLineBreakers(0x1EE00, 0x1EEFF);
-       });
-
-       var GlyphSplitter_1 = createCommonjsModule(function (module, exports) {
-       Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
-
-
-       function GlyphSplitter(word) {
-           let letters = [];
-           let lastLetter = '';
-           word.split('').forEach((letter) => {
-               if (isArabic_1.isArabic(letter)) {
-                   if (reference.tashkeel.indexOf(letter) > -1) {
-                       letters[letters.length - 1] += letter;
-                   }
-                   else if (lastLetter.length && ((reference.lams.indexOf(lastLetter) === 0 && reference.alefs.indexOf(letter) > -1) || (reference.lams.indexOf(lastLetter) > 0 && reference.alefs.indexOf(letter) === 0))) {
-                       // valid LA forms
-                       letters[letters.length - 1] += letter;
-                   }
-                   else {
-                       letters.push(letter);
-                   }
-               }
-               else {
-                   letters.push(letter);
-               }
-               if (reference.tashkeel.indexOf(letter) === -1) {
-                   lastLetter = letter;
-               }
-           });
-           return letters;
-       }
-       exports.GlyphSplitter = GlyphSplitter;
-       });
-
-       var BaselineSplitter_1 = createCommonjsModule(function (module, exports) {
-       Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
-
-
-       function BaselineSplitter(word) {
-           let letters = [];
-           let lastLetter = '';
-           word.split('').forEach((letter) => {
-               if (isArabic_1.isArabic(letter) && isArabic_1.isArabic(lastLetter)) {
-                   if (lastLetter.length && reference.tashkeel.indexOf(letter) > -1) {
-                       letters[letters.length - 1] += letter;
-                   }
-                   else if (reference.lineBreakers.indexOf(lastLetter) > -1) {
-                       letters.push(letter);
-                   }
-                   else {
-                       letters[letters.length - 1] += letter;
-                   }
-               }
-               else {
-                   letters.push(letter);
-               }
-               if (reference.tashkeel.indexOf(letter) === -1) {
-                   // don't allow tashkeel to hide line break
-                   lastLetter = letter;
-               }
-           });
-           return letters;
-       }
-       exports.BaselineSplitter = BaselineSplitter;
-       });
-
-       var Normalization = createCommonjsModule(function (module, exports) {
-       Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
-
-
-
-
-       function Normal(word, breakPresentationForm) {
-           // default is to turn initial/isolated/medial/final presentation form to generic
-           if (typeof breakPresentationForm === 'undefined') {
-               breakPresentationForm = true;
-           }
-           let returnable = '';
-           word.split('').forEach((letter) => {
-               if (!isArabic_1.isArabic(letter)) {
-                   returnable += letter;
-                   return;
-               }
-               for (let w = 0; w < reference.letterList.length; w++) {
-                   // ok so we are checking this potential lettertron
-                   let letterForms = unicodeArabic.default[reference.letterList[w]];
-                   let versions = Object.keys(letterForms);
-                   for (let v = 0; v < versions.length; v++) {
-                       let localVersion = letterForms[versions[v]];
-                       if (typeof localVersion === 'object' && typeof localVersion.indexOf === 'undefined') {
-                           // look at this embedded object
-                           let embeddedForms = Object.keys(localVersion);
-                           for (let ef = 0; ef < embeddedForms.length; ef++) {
-                               let form = localVersion[embeddedForms[ef]];
-                               if (form === letter || (typeof form === 'object' && form.indexOf && form.indexOf(letter) > -1)) {
-                                   // match
-                                   // console.log('embedded match');
-                                   if (form === letter) {
-                                       // match exact
-                                       if (breakPresentationForm && localVersion['normal'] && ['isolated', 'initial', 'medial', 'final'].indexOf(embeddedForms[ef]) > -1) {
-                                           // replace presentation form
-                                           // console.log('keeping normal form of the letter');
-                                           if (typeof localVersion['normal'] === 'object') {
-                                               returnable += localVersion['normal'][0];
-                                           }
-                                           else {
-                                               returnable += localVersion['normal'];
-                                           }
-                                           return;
-                                       }
-                                       // console.log('keeping this letter');
-                                       returnable += letter;
-                                       return;
-                                   }
-                                   else if (typeof form === 'object' && form.indexOf && form.indexOf(letter) > -1) {
-                                       // match
-                                       returnable += form[0];
-                                       // console.log('added the first letter from the same array');
-                                       return;
-                                   }
-                               }
-                           }
-                       }
-                       else if (localVersion === letter) {
-                           // match exact
-                           if (breakPresentationForm && letterForms['normal'] && ['isolated', 'initial', 'medial', 'final'].indexOf(versions[v]) > -1) {
-                               // replace presentation form
-                               // console.log('keeping normal form of the letter');
-                               if (typeof letterForms['normal'] === 'object') {
-                                   returnable += letterForms['normal'][0];
-                               }
-                               else {
-                                   returnable += letterForms['normal'];
-                               }
-                               return;
-                           }
-                           // console.log('keeping this letter');
-                           returnable += letter;
-                           return;
-                       }
-                       else if (typeof localVersion === 'object' && localVersion.indexOf && localVersion.indexOf(letter) > -1) {
-                           // match
-                           returnable += localVersion[0];
-                           // console.log('added the first letter from the same array');
-                           return;
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
-               // try ligatures
-               for (let v2 = 0; v2 < reference.ligatureList.length; v2++) {
-                   let normalForm = reference.ligatureList[v2];
-                   if (normalForm !== 'words') {
-                       let ligForms = Object.keys(unicodeLigatures.default[normalForm]);
-                       for (let f = 0; f < ligForms.length; f++) {
-                           if (unicodeLigatures.default[normalForm][ligForms[f]] === letter) {
-                               returnable += normalForm;
-                               return;
-                           }
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
-               // try words ligatures
-               for (let v3 = 0; v3 < reference.ligatureWordList.length; v3++) {
-                   let normalForm = reference.ligatureWordList[v3];
-                   if (unicodeLigatures.default.words[normalForm] === letter) {
-                       returnable += normalForm;
-                       return;
-                   }
-               }
-               returnable += letter;
-               // console.log('kept the letter')
-           });
-           return returnable;
-       }
-       exports.Normal = Normal;
-       });
-
-       var CharShaper_1 = createCommonjsModule(function (module, exports) {
-       Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
-
-
-
-       function CharShaper(letter, form) {
-           if (!isArabic_1.isArabic(letter)) {
-               // fail not Arabic
-               throw new Error('Not Arabic');
-           }
-           if (letter === "\u0621") {
-               // hamza alone
-               return "\u0621";
-           }
-           for (let w = 0; w < reference.letterList.length; w++) {
-               // ok so we are checking this potential lettertron
-               let letterForms = unicodeArabic.default[reference.letterList[w]];
-               let versions = Object.keys(letterForms);
-               for (let v = 0; v < versions.length; v++) {
-                   let localVersion = letterForms[versions[v]];
-                   if ((localVersion === letter) ||
-                       (typeof localVersion === 'object' && localVersion.indexOf && localVersion.indexOf(letter) > -1)) {
-                       if (versions.indexOf(form) > -1) {
-                           return letterForms[form];
-                       }
-                   }
-                   else if (typeof localVersion === 'object' && typeof localVersion.indexOf === 'undefined') {
-                       // check embedded
-                       let embeddedVersions = Object.keys(localVersion);
-                       for (let ev = 0; ev < embeddedVersions.length; ev++) {
-                           if ((localVersion[embeddedVersions[ev]] === letter) ||
-                               (typeof localVersion[embeddedVersions[ev]] === 'object' && localVersion[embeddedVersions[ev]].indexOf && localVersion[embeddedVersions[ev]].indexOf(letter) > -1)) {
-                               if (embeddedVersions.indexOf(form) > -1) {
-                                   return localVersion[form];
-                               }
-                           }
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
-           }
-       }
-       exports.CharShaper = CharShaper;
-       });
-
-       var WordShaper_1 = createCommonjsModule(function (module, exports) {
-       Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
-
-
-
-
-       function WordShaper(word) {
-           let state = 'initial';
-           let output = '';
-           for (let w = 0; w < word.length; w++) {
-               let nextLetter = ' ';
-               for (let nxw = w + 1; nxw < word.length; nxw++) {
-                   if (!isArabic_1.isArabic(word[nxw])) {
-                       break;
-                   }
-                   if (reference.tashkeel.indexOf(word[nxw]) === -1) {
-                       nextLetter = word[nxw];
-                       break;
-                   }
-               }
-               if (!isArabic_1.isArabic(word[w]) || isArabic_1.isMath(word[w])) {
-                   // space or other non-Arabic
-                   output += word[w];
-                   state = 'initial';
-               }
-               else if (reference.tashkeel.indexOf(word[w]) > -1) {
-                   // tashkeel - add without changing state
-                   output += word[w];
-               }
-               else if ((nextLetter === ' ') // last Arabic letter in this word
-                   || (reference.lineBreakers.indexOf(word[w]) > -1)) { // the current letter is known to break lines
-                   output += CharShaper_1.CharShaper(word[w], state === 'initial' ? 'isolated' : 'final');
-                   state = 'initial';
-               }
-               else if (reference.lams.indexOf(word[w]) > -1 && reference.alefs.indexOf(nextLetter) > -1) {
-                   // LA letters - advance an additional letter after this
-                   output += unicodeLigatures.default[word[w] + nextLetter][(state === 'initial' ? 'isolated' : 'final')];
-                   while (word[w] !== nextLetter) {
-                       w++;
-                   }
-                   state = 'initial';
-               }
-               else {
-                   output += CharShaper_1.CharShaper(word[w], state);
-                   state = 'medial';
-               }
-           }
-           return output;
-       }
-       exports.WordShaper = WordShaper;
-       });
-
-       var ParentLetter_1 = createCommonjsModule(function (module, exports) {
-       Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
-
-
-
-       function ParentLetter(letter) {
-           if (!isArabic_1.isArabic(letter)) {
-               throw new Error('Not an Arabic letter');
-           }
-           for (let w = 0; w < reference.letterList.length; w++) {
-               // ok so we are checking this potential lettertron
-               let letterForms = unicodeArabic.default[reference.letterList[w]];
-               let versions = Object.keys(letterForms);
-               for (let v = 0; v < versions.length; v++) {
-                   let localVersion = letterForms[versions[v]];
-                   if (typeof localVersion === 'object' && typeof localVersion.indexOf === 'undefined') {
-                       // look at this embedded object
-                       let embeddedForms = Object.keys(localVersion);
-                       for (let ef = 0; ef < embeddedForms.length; ef++) {
-                           let form = localVersion[embeddedForms[ef]];
-                           if (form === letter || (typeof form === 'object' && form.indexOf && form.indexOf(letter) > -1)) {
-                               // match
-                               return localVersion;
-                           }
-                       }
-                   }
-                   else if (localVersion === letter || (typeof localVersion === 'object' && localVersion.indexOf && localVersion.indexOf(letter) > -1)) {
-                       // match
-                       return letterForms;
-                   }
-               }
-               return null;
-           }
-       }
-       exports.ParentLetter = ParentLetter;
-       function GrandparentLetter(letter) {
-           if (!isArabic_1.isArabic(letter)) {
-               throw new Error('Not an Arabic letter');
-           }
-           for (let w = 0; w < reference.letterList.length; w++) {
-               // ok so we are checking this potential lettertron
-               let letterForms = unicodeArabic.default[reference.letterList[w]];
-               let versions = Object.keys(letterForms);
-               for (let v = 0; v < versions.length; v++) {
-                   let localVersion = letterForms[versions[v]];
-                   if (typeof localVersion === 'object' && typeof localVersion.indexOf === 'undefined') {
-                       // look at this embedded object
-                       let embeddedForms = Object.keys(localVersion);
-                       for (let ef = 0; ef < embeddedForms.length; ef++) {
-                           let form = localVersion[embeddedForms[ef]];
-                           if (form === letter || (typeof form === 'object' && form.indexOf && form.indexOf(letter) > -1)) {
-                               // match
-                               return letterForms;
-                           }
-                       }
-                   }
-                   else if (localVersion === letter || (typeof localVersion === 'object' && localVersion.indexOf && localVersion.indexOf(letter) > -1)) {
-                       // match
-                       return letterForms;
-                   }
-               }
-               return null;
-           }
-       }
-       exports.GrandparentLetter = GrandparentLetter;
-       });
-
-       var lib$1 = createCommonjsModule(function (module, exports) {
-       Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
-
-       exports.isArabic = isArabic_1.isArabic;
-
-       exports.GlyphSplitter = GlyphSplitter_1.GlyphSplitter;
-
-       exports.BaselineSplitter = BaselineSplitter_1.BaselineSplitter;
-
-       exports.Normal = Normalization.Normal;
-
-       exports.CharShaper = CharShaper_1.CharShaper;
-
-       exports.WordShaper = WordShaper_1.WordShaper;
-
-       exports.ParentLetter = ParentLetter_1.ParentLetter;
-       exports.GrandparentLetter = ParentLetter_1.GrandparentLetter;
-       });
-
-       // see https://github.com/openstreetmap/iD/pull/3707
-
-       var rtlRegex = /[\u0590-\u05FF\u0600-\u06FF\u0750-\u07BF\u08A0–\u08BF]/;
-
-       function fixRTLTextForSvg(inputText) {
-           var ret = '', rtlBuffer = [];
-           var arabicRegex = /[\u0600-\u06FF]/g;
-           var arabicDiacritics = /[\u0610-\u061A\u064B-\u065F\u0670\u06D6-\u06ED]/g;
-           var arabicMath = /[\u0660-\u066C\u06F0-\u06F9]+/g;
-           var thaanaVowel = /[\u07A6-\u07B0]/;
-           var hebrewSign = /[\u0591-\u05bd\u05bf\u05c1-\u05c5\u05c7]/;
-
-           // Arabic word shaping
-           if (arabicRegex.test(inputText)) {
-               inputText = lib$1.WordShaper(inputText);
-           }
-
-           for (var n = 0; n < inputText.length; n++) {
-               var c = inputText[n];
-               if (arabicMath.test(c)) {
-                   // Arabic numbers go LTR
-                   ret += rtlBuffer.reverse().join('');
-                   rtlBuffer = [c];
-               } else {
-                   if (rtlBuffer.length && arabicMath.test(rtlBuffer[rtlBuffer.length - 1])) {
-                       ret += rtlBuffer.reverse().join('');
-                       rtlBuffer = [];
-                   }
-                   if ((thaanaVowel.test(c) || hebrewSign.test(c) || arabicDiacritics.test(c)) && rtlBuffer.length) {
-                       rtlBuffer[rtlBuffer.length - 1] += c;
-                   } else if (rtlRegex.test(c)
-                       // include Arabic presentation forms
-                       || (c.charCodeAt(0) >= 64336 && c.charCodeAt(0) <= 65023)
-                       || (c.charCodeAt(0) >= 65136 && c.charCodeAt(0) <= 65279)) {
-                       rtlBuffer.push(c);
-                   } else if (c === ' ' && rtlBuffer.length) {
-                       // whitespace within RTL text
-                       rtlBuffer = [rtlBuffer.reverse().join('') + ' '];
-                   } else {
-                       // non-RTL character
-                       ret += rtlBuffer.reverse().join('') + c;
-                       rtlBuffer = [];
-                   }
-               }
-           }
-           ret += rtlBuffer.reverse().join('');
-           return ret;
-       }
-
-       // https://github.com/openstreetmap/iD/issues/772
-       // http://mathiasbynens.be/notes/localstorage-pattern#comment-9
-       let _storage;
-       try { _storage = localStorage; } catch (e) {}  // eslint-disable-line no-empty
-       _storage = _storage || (() => {
-         let s = {};
-         return {
-           getItem: (k) => s[k],
-           setItem: (k, v) => s[k] = v,
-           removeItem: (k) => delete s[k]
-         };
-       })();
-
-       //
-       // corePreferences is an interface for persisting basic key-value strings
-       // within and between iD sessions on the same site.
-       //
-       function corePreferences(k, v) {
-
-         try {
-           if (arguments.length === 1) return _storage.getItem(k);
-           else if (v === null) _storage.removeItem(k);
-           else _storage.setItem(k, v);
-         } catch (e) {
-           /* eslint-disable no-console */
-           if (typeof console !== 'undefined') {
-             console.error('localStorage quota exceeded');
-           }
-           /* eslint-enable no-console */
-         }
-
-       }
-
-       function responseText(response) {
-         if (!response.ok) throw new Error(response.status + " " + response.statusText);
-         return response.text();
-       }
-
-       function d3_text(input, init) {
-         return fetch(input, init).then(responseText);
-       }
-
-       function responseJson(response) {
-         if (!response.ok) throw new Error(response.status + " " + response.statusText);
-         if (response.status === 204 || response.status === 205) return;
-         return response.json();
-       }
-
-       function d3_json(input, init) {
-         return fetch(input, init).then(responseJson);
-       }
-
-       function parser(type) {
-         return function(input, init)  {
-           return d3_text(input, init).then(function(text) {
-             return (new DOMParser).parseFromString(text, type);
-           });
-         };
-       }
-
-       var d3_xml = parser("application/xml");
-
-       var svg = parser("image/svg+xml");
-
-       let _mainFileFetcher = coreFileFetcher(); // singleton
-
-       //
-       // coreFileFetcher asynchronously fetches data from JSON files
-       //
-       function coreFileFetcher() {
-         let _this = {};
-         let _inflight = {};
-         let _fileMap = {
-           'address_formats': 'data/address_formats.min.json',
-           'deprecated': 'data/deprecated.min.json',
-           'discarded': 'data/discarded.min.json',
-           'imagery': 'data/imagery.min.json',
-           'intro_graph': 'data/intro_graph.min.json',
-           'keepRight': 'data/keepRight.min.json',
-           'languages': 'data/languages.min.json',
-           'locales': 'data/locales.min.json',
-           'nsi_brands': 'https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/name-suggestion-index@4/dist/brands.min.json',
-           'nsi_filters': 'https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/name-suggestion-index@4/dist/filters.min.json',
-           'oci_features': 'https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/osm-community-index@2/dist/features.min.json',
-           'oci_resources': 'https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/osm-community-index@2/dist/resources.min.json',
-           'preset_categories': 'data/preset_categories.min.json',
-           'preset_defaults': 'data/preset_defaults.min.json',
-           'preset_fields': 'data/preset_fields.min.json',
-           'preset_presets': 'data/preset_presets.min.json',
-           'phone_formats': 'data/phone_formats.min.json',
-           'qa_data': 'data/qa_data.min.json',
-           'shortcuts': 'data/shortcuts.min.json',
-           'territory_languages': 'data/territory_languages.min.json',
-           'wmf_sitematrix': 'https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/wmf-sitematrix@0.1/wikipedia.min.json'
-         };
-
-         let _cachedData = {};
-         // expose the cache; useful for tests
-         _this.cache = () => _cachedData;
-
-
-         // Returns a Promise to fetch data
-         // (resolved with the data if we have it already)
-         _this.get = (which) => {
-           if (_cachedData[which]) {
-             return Promise.resolve(_cachedData[which]);
-           }
-
-           const file = _fileMap[which];
-           const url = file && _this.asset(file);
-           if (!url) {
-             return Promise.reject(`Unknown data file for "${which}"`);
-           }
-
-           let prom = _inflight[url];
-           if (!prom) {
-             _inflight[url] = prom = d3_json(url)
-               .then(result => {
-                 delete _inflight[url];
-                 if (!result) {
-                   throw new Error(`No data loaded for "${which}"`);
-                 }
-                 _cachedData[which] = result;
-                 return result;
-               })
-               .catch(err => {
-                 delete _inflight[url];
-                 throw err;
-               });
-           }
-
-           return prom;
-         };
-
-
-         // Accessor for the file map
-         _this.fileMap = function(val) {
-           if (!arguments.length) return _fileMap;
-           _fileMap = val;
-           return _this;
-         };
-
-         let _assetPath = '';
-         _this.assetPath = function(val) {
-           if (!arguments.length) return _assetPath;
-           _assetPath = val;
-           return _this;
-         };
-
-         let _assetMap = {};
-         _this.assetMap = function(val) {
-           if (!arguments.length) return _assetMap;
-           _assetMap = val;
-           return _this;
-         };
-
-         _this.asset = (val) => {
-           if (/^http(s)?:\/\//i.test(val)) return val;
-           const filename = _assetPath + val;
-           return _assetMap[filename] || filename;
-         };
-
-         return _this;
-       }
-
-       let _detected;
-
-       function utilDetect(refresh) {
-         if (_detected && !refresh) return _detected;
-         _detected = {};
-
-         const ua = navigator.userAgent;
-         let m = null;
-
-         /* Browser */
-         m = ua.match(/(edge)\/?\s*(\.?\d+(\.\d+)*)/i);   // Edge
-         if (m !== null) {
-           _detected.browser = m[1];
-           _detected.version = m[2];
-         }
-         if (!_detected.browser) {
-           m = ua.match(/Trident\/.*rv:([0-9]{1,}[\.0-9]{0,})/i);   // IE11
-           if (m !== null) {
-             _detected.browser = 'msie';
-             _detected.version = m[1];
-           }
-         }
-         if (!_detected.browser) {
-           m = ua.match(/(opr)\/?\s*(\.?\d+(\.\d+)*)/i);   // Opera 15+
-           if (m !== null) {
-             _detected.browser = 'Opera';
-             _detected.version = m[2];
-           }
-         }
-         if (!_detected.browser) {
-           m = ua.match(/(opera|chrome|safari|firefox|msie)\/?\s*(\.?\d+(\.\d+)*)/i);
-           if (m !== null) {
-             _detected.browser = m[1];
-             _detected.version = m[2];
-             m = ua.match(/version\/([\.\d]+)/i);
-             if (m !== null) _detected.version = m[1];
-           }
-         }
-         if (!_detected.browser) {
-           _detected.browser = navigator.appName;
-           _detected.version = navigator.appVersion;
-         }
-
-         // keep major.minor version only..
-         _detected.version = _detected.version.split(/\W/).slice(0,2).join('.');
-
-         // detect other browser capabilities
-         // Legacy Opera has incomplete svg style support. See #715
-         _detected.opera = (_detected.browser.toLowerCase() === 'opera' && parseFloat(_detected.version) < 15 );
-
-         if (_detected.browser.toLowerCase() === 'msie') {
-           _detected.ie = true;
-           _detected.browser = 'Internet Explorer';
-           _detected.support = parseFloat(_detected.version) >= 11;
-         } else {
-           _detected.ie = false;
-           _detected.support = true;
-         }
-
-         _detected.filedrop = (window.FileReader && 'ondrop' in window);
-         _detected.download = !(_detected.ie || _detected.browser.toLowerCase() === 'edge');
-         _detected.cssfilters = !(_detected.ie || _detected.browser.toLowerCase() === 'edge');
-
-
-         /* Platform */
-         if (/Win/.test(ua)) {
-           _detected.os = 'win';
-           _detected.platform = 'Windows';
-         } else if (/Mac/.test(ua)) {
-           _detected.os = 'mac';
-           _detected.platform = 'Macintosh';
-         } else if (/X11/.test(ua) || /Linux/.test(ua)) {
-           _detected.os = 'linux';
-           _detected.platform = 'Linux';
-         } else {
-           _detected.os = 'win';
-           _detected.platform = 'Unknown';
-         }
-
-         _detected.isMobileWebKit = (/\b(iPad|iPhone|iPod)\b/.test(ua) ||
-           // HACK: iPadOS 13+ requests desktop sites by default by using a Mac user agent,
-           // so assume any "mac" with multitouch is actually iOS
-           (navigator.platform === 'MacIntel' && 'maxTouchPoints' in navigator && navigator.maxTouchPoints > 1)) &&
-           /WebKit/.test(ua) &&
-           !/Edge/.test(ua) &&
-           !window.MSStream;
-
-
-         /* Locale */
-         // An array of locales requested by the browser in priority order.
-         _detected.browserLocales = Array.from(new Set( // remove duplicates
-             [navigator.language]
-               .concat(navigator.languages || [])
-               .concat([
-                   // old property for backwards compatibility
-                   navigator.userLanguage,
-                   // fallback to English
-                   'en'
-               ])
-               // remove any undefined values
-               .filter(Boolean)
-           ));
-
-
-         /* Host */
-         const loc = window.top.location;
-         let origin = loc.origin;
-         if (!origin) {  // for unpatched IE11
-           origin = loc.protocol + '//' + loc.hostname + (loc.port ? ':' + loc.port: '');
-         }
-
-         _detected.host = origin + loc.pathname;
-
-
-         return _detected;
-       }
-
-       var aesJs = createCommonjsModule(function (module, exports) {
-       /*! MIT License. Copyright 2015-2018 Richard Moore <me@ricmoo.com>. See LICENSE.txt. */
-       (function(root) {
-
-           function checkInt(value) {
-               return (parseInt(value) === value);
-           }
-
-           function checkInts(arrayish) {
-               if (!checkInt(arrayish.length)) { return false; }
-
-               for (var i = 0; i < arrayish.length; i++) {
-                   if (!checkInt(arrayish[i]) || arrayish[i] < 0 || arrayish[i] > 255) {
-                       return false;
-                   }
-               }
-
-               return true;
-           }
-
-           function coerceArray(arg, copy) {
-
-               // ArrayBuffer view
-               if (arg.buffer && arg.name === 'Uint8Array') {
-
-                   if (copy) {
-                       if (arg.slice) {
-                           arg = arg.slice();
-                       } else {
-                           arg = Array.prototype.slice.call(arg);
-                       }
-                   }
-
-                   return arg;
-               }
-
-               // It's an array; check it is a valid representation of a byte
-               if (Array.isArray(arg)) {
-                   if (!checkInts(arg)) {
-                       throw new Error('Array contains invalid value: ' + arg);
-                   }
-
-                   return new Uint8Array(arg);
-               }
-
-               // Something else, but behaves like an array (maybe a Buffer? Arguments?)
-               if (checkInt(arg.length) && checkInts(arg)) {
-                   return new Uint8Array(arg);
-               }
-
-               throw new Error('unsupported array-like object');
-           }
-
-           function createArray(length) {
-               return new Uint8Array(length);
-           }
-
-           function copyArray(sourceArray, targetArray, targetStart, sourceStart, sourceEnd) {
-               if (sourceStart != null || sourceEnd != null) {
-                   if (sourceArray.slice) {
-                       sourceArray = sourceArray.slice(sourceStart, sourceEnd);
-                   } else {
-                       sourceArray = Array.prototype.slice.call(sourceArray, sourceStart, sourceEnd);
-                   }
-               }
-               targetArray.set(sourceArray, targetStart);
-           }
-
-
-
-           var convertUtf8 = (function() {
-               function toBytes(text) {
-                   var result = [], i = 0;
-                   text = encodeURI(text);
-                   while (i < text.length) {
-                       var c = text.charCodeAt(i++);
-
-                       // if it is a % sign, encode the following 2 bytes as a hex value
-                       if (c === 37) {
-                           result.push(parseInt(text.substr(i, 2), 16));
-                           i += 2;
-
-                       // otherwise, just the actual byte
-                       } else {
-                           result.push(c);
-                       }
-                   }
-
-                   return coerceArray(result);
-               }
-
-               function fromBytes(bytes) {
-                   var result = [], i = 0;
-
-                   while (i < bytes.length) {
-                       var c = bytes[i];
-
-                       if (c < 128) {
-                           result.push(String.fromCharCode(c));
-                           i++;
-                       } else if (c > 191 && c < 224) {
-                           result.push(String.fromCharCode(((c & 0x1f) << 6) | (bytes[i + 1] & 0x3f)));
-                           i += 2;
-                       } else {
-                           result.push(String.fromCharCode(((c & 0x0f) << 12) | ((bytes[i + 1] & 0x3f) << 6) | (bytes[i + 2] & 0x3f)));
-                           i += 3;
-                       }
-                   }
-
-                   return result.join('');
-               }
-
-               return {
-                   toBytes: toBytes,
-                   fromBytes: fromBytes,
-               }
-           })();
-
-           var convertHex = (function() {
-               function toBytes(text) {
-                   var result = [];
-                   for (var i = 0; i < text.length; i += 2) {
-                       result.push(parseInt(text.substr(i, 2), 16));
-                   }
-
-                   return result;
-               }
-
-               // http://ixti.net/development/javascript/2011/11/11/base64-encodedecode-of-utf8-in-browser-with-js.html
-               var Hex = '0123456789abcdef';
-
-               function fromBytes(bytes) {
-                       var result = [];
-                       for (var i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
-                           var v = bytes[i];
-                           result.push(Hex[(v & 0xf0) >> 4] + Hex[v & 0x0f]);
-                       }
-                       return result.join('');
-               }
-
-               return {
-                   toBytes: toBytes,
-                   fromBytes: fromBytes,
-               }
-           })();
-
-
-           // Number of rounds by keysize
-           var numberOfRounds = {16: 10, 24: 12, 32: 14};
-
-           // Round constant words
-           var rcon = [0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x1b, 0x36, 0x6c, 0xd8, 0xab, 0x4d, 0x9a, 0x2f, 0x5e, 0xbc, 0x63, 0xc6, 0x97, 0x35, 0x6a, 0xd4, 0xb3, 0x7d, 0xfa, 0xef, 0xc5, 0x91];
-
-           // S-box and Inverse S-box (S is for Substitution)
-           var S = [0x63, 0x7c, 0x77, 0x7b, 0xf2, 0x6b, 0x6f, 0xc5, 0x30, 0x01, 0x67, 0x2b, 0xfe, 0xd7, 0xab, 0x76, 0xca, 0x82, 0xc9, 0x7d, 0xfa, 0x59, 0x47, 0xf0, 0xad, 0xd4, 0xa2, 0xaf, 0x9c, 0xa4, 0x72, 0xc0, 0xb7, 0xfd, 0x93, 0x26, 0x36, 0x3f, 0xf7, 0xcc, 0x34, 0xa5, 0xe5, 0xf1, 0x71, 0xd8, 0x31, 0x15, 0x04, 0xc7, 0x23, 0xc3, 0x18, 0x96, 0x05, 0x9a, 0x07, 0x12, 0x80, 0xe2, 0xeb, 0x27, 0xb2, 0x75, 0x09, 0x83, 0x2c, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x6e, 0x5a, 0xa0, 0x52, 0x3b, 0xd6, 0xb3, 0x29, 0xe3, 0x2f, 0x84, 0x53, 0xd1, 0x00, 0xed, 0x20, 0xfc, 0xb1, 0x5b, 0x6a, 0xcb, 0xbe, 0x39, 0x4a, 0x4c, 0x58, 0xcf, 0xd0, 0xef, 0xaa, 0xfb, 0x43, 0x4d, 0x33, 0x85, 0x45, 0xf9, 0x02, 0x7f, 0x50, 0x3c, 0x9f, 0xa8, 0x51, 0xa3, 0x40, 0x8f, 0x92, 0x9d, 0x38, 0xf5, 0xbc, 0xb6, 0xda, 0x21, 0x10, 0xff, 0xf3, 0xd2, 0xcd, 0x0c, 0x13, 0xec, 0x5f, 0x97, 0x44, 0x17, 0xc4, 0xa7, 0x7e, 0x3d, 0x64, 0x5d, 0x19, 0x73, 0x60, 0x81, 0x4f, 0xdc, 0x22, 0x2a, 0x90, 0x88, 0x46, 0xee, 0xb8, 0x14, 0xde, 0x5e, 0x0b, 0xdb, 0xe0, 0x32, 0x3a, 0x0a, 0x49, 0x06, 0x24, 0x5c, 0xc2, 0xd3, 0xac, 0x62, 0x91, 0x95, 0xe4, 0x79, 0xe7, 0xc8, 0x37, 0x6d, 0x8d, 0xd5, 0x4e, 0xa9, 0x6c, 0x56, 0xf4, 0xea, 0x65, 0x7a, 0xae, 0x08, 0xba, 0x78, 0x25, 0x2e, 0x1c, 0xa6, 0xb4, 0xc6, 0xe8, 0xdd, 0x74, 0x1f, 0x4b, 0xbd, 0x8b, 0x8a, 0x70, 0x3e, 0xb5, 0x66, 0x48, 0x03, 0xf6, 0x0e, 0x61, 0x35, 0x57, 0xb9, 0x86, 0xc1, 0x1d, 0x9e, 0xe1, 0xf8, 0x98, 0x11, 0x69, 0xd9, 0x8e, 0x94, 0x9b, 0x1e, 0x87, 0xe9, 0xce, 0x55, 0x28, 0xdf, 0x8c, 0xa1, 0x89, 0x0d, 0xbf, 0xe6, 0x42, 0x68, 0x41, 0x99, 0x2d, 0x0f, 0xb0, 0x54, 0xbb, 0x16];
-           var Si =[0x52, 0x09, 0x6a, 0xd5, 0x30, 0x36, 0xa5, 0x38, 0xbf, 0x40, 0xa3, 0x9e, 0x81, 0xf3, 0xd7, 0xfb, 0x7c, 0xe3, 0x39, 0x82, 0x9b, 0x2f, 0xff, 0x87, 0x34, 0x8e, 0x43, 0x44, 0xc4, 0xde, 0xe9, 0xcb, 0x54, 0x7b, 0x94, 0x32, 0xa6, 0xc2, 0x23, 0x3d, 0xee, 0x4c, 0x95, 0x0b, 0x42, 0xfa, 0xc3, 0x4e, 0x08, 0x2e, 0xa1, 0x66, 0x28, 0xd9, 0x24, 0xb2, 0x76, 0x5b, 0xa2, 0x49, 0x6d, 0x8b, 0xd1, 0x25, 0x72, 0xf8, 0xf6, 0x64, 0x86, 0x68, 0x98, 0x16, 0xd4, 0xa4, 0x5c, 0xcc, 0x5d, 0x65, 0xb6, 0x92, 0x6c, 0x70, 0x48, 0x50, 0xfd, 0xed, 0xb9, 0xda, 0x5e, 0x15, 0x46, 0x57, 0xa7, 0x8d, 0x9d, 0x84, 0x90, 0xd8, 0xab, 0x00, 0x8c, 0xbc, 0xd3, 0x0a, 0xf7, 0xe4, 0x58, 0x05, 0xb8, 0xb3, 0x45, 0x06, 0xd0, 0x2c, 0x1e, 0x8f, 0xca, 0x3f, 0x0f, 0x02, 0xc1, 0xaf, 0xbd, 0x03, 0x01, 0x13, 0x8a, 0x6b, 0x3a, 0x91, 0x11, 0x41, 0x4f, 0x67, 0xdc, 0xea, 0x97, 0xf2, 0xcf, 0xce, 0xf0, 0xb4, 0xe6, 0x73, 0x96, 0xac, 0x74, 0x22, 0xe7, 0xad, 0x35, 0x85, 0xe2, 0xf9, 0x37, 0xe8, 0x1c, 0x75, 0xdf, 0x6e, 0x47, 0xf1, 0x1a, 0x71, 0x1d, 0x29, 0xc5, 0x89, 0x6f, 0xb7, 0x62, 0x0e, 0xaa, 0x18, 0xbe, 0x1b, 0xfc, 0x56, 0x3e, 0x4b, 0xc6, 0xd2, 0x79, 0x20, 0x9a, 0xdb, 0xc0, 0xfe, 0x78, 0xcd, 0x5a, 0xf4, 0x1f, 0xdd, 0xa8, 0x33, 0x88, 0x07, 0xc7, 0x31, 0xb1, 0x12, 0x10, 0x59, 0x27, 0x80, 0xec, 0x5f, 0x60, 0x51, 0x7f, 0xa9, 0x19, 0xb5, 0x4a, 0x0d, 0x2d, 0xe5, 0x7a, 0x9f, 0x93, 0xc9, 0x9c, 0xef, 0xa0, 0xe0, 0x3b, 0x4d, 0xae, 0x2a, 0xf5, 0xb0, 0xc8, 0xeb, 0xbb, 0x3c, 0x83, 0x53, 0x99, 0x61, 0x17, 0x2b, 0x04, 0x7e, 0xba, 0x77, 0xd6, 0x26, 0xe1, 0x69, 0x14, 0x63, 0x55, 0x21, 0x0c, 0x7d];
-
-           // Transformations for encryption
-           var T1 = [0xc66363a5, 0xf87c7c84, 0xee777799, 0xf67b7b8d, 0xfff2f20d, 0xd66b6bbd, 0xde6f6fb1, 0x91c5c554, 0x60303050, 0x02010103, 0xce6767a9, 0x562b2b7d, 0xe7fefe19, 0xb5d7d762, 0x4dababe6, 0xec76769a, 0x8fcaca45, 0x1f82829d, 0x89c9c940, 0xfa7d7d87, 0xeffafa15, 0xb25959eb, 0x8e4747c9, 0xfbf0f00b, 0x41adadec, 0xb3d4d467, 0x5fa2a2fd, 0x45afafea, 0x239c9cbf, 0x53a4a4f7, 0xe4727296, 0x9bc0c05b, 0x75b7b7c2, 0xe1fdfd1c, 0x3d9393ae, 0x4c26266a, 0x6c36365a, 0x7e3f3f41, 0xf5f7f702, 0x83cccc4f, 0x6834345c, 0x51a5a5f4, 0xd1e5e534, 0xf9f1f108, 0xe2717193, 0xabd8d873, 0x62313153, 0x2a15153f, 0x0804040c, 0x95c7c752, 0x46232365, 0x9dc3c35e, 0x30181828, 0x379696a1, 0x0a05050f, 0x2f9a9ab5, 0x0e070709, 0x24121236, 0x1b80809b, 0xdfe2e23d, 0xcdebeb26, 0x4e272769, 0x7fb2b2cd, 0xea75759f, 0x1209091b, 0x1d83839e, 0x582c2c74, 0x341a1a2e, 0x361b1b2d, 0xdc6e6eb2, 0xb45a5aee, 0x5ba0a0fb, 0xa45252f6, 0x763b3b4d, 0xb7d6d661, 0x7db3b3ce, 0x5229297b, 0xdde3e33e, 0x5e2f2f71, 0x13848497, 0xa65353f5, 0xb9d1d168, 0x00000000, 0xc1eded2c, 0x40202060, 0xe3fcfc1f, 0x79b1b1c8, 0xb65b5bed, 0xd46a6abe, 0x8dcbcb46, 0x67bebed9, 0x7239394b, 0x944a4ade, 0x984c4cd4, 0xb05858e8, 0x85cfcf4a, 0xbbd0d06b, 0xc5efef2a, 0x4faaaae5, 0xedfbfb16, 0x864343c5, 0x9a4d4dd7, 0x66333355, 0x11858594, 0x8a4545cf, 0xe9f9f910, 0x04020206, 0xfe7f7f81, 0xa05050f0, 0x783c3c44, 0x259f9fba, 0x4ba8a8e3, 0xa25151f3, 0x5da3a3fe, 0x804040c0, 0x058f8f8a, 0x3f9292ad, 0x219d9dbc, 0x70383848, 0xf1f5f504, 0x63bcbcdf, 0x77b6b6c1, 0xafdada75, 0x42212163, 0x20101030, 0xe5ffff1a, 0xfdf3f30e, 0xbfd2d26d, 0x81cdcd4c, 0x180c0c14, 0x26131335, 0xc3ecec2f, 0xbe5f5fe1, 0x359797a2, 0x884444cc, 0x2e171739, 0x93c4c457, 0x55a7a7f2, 0xfc7e7e82, 0x7a3d3d47, 0xc86464ac, 0xba5d5de7, 0x3219192b, 0xe6737395, 0xc06060a0, 0x19818198, 0x9e4f4fd1, 0xa3dcdc7f, 0x44222266, 0x542a2a7e, 0x3b9090ab, 0x0b888883, 0x8c4646ca, 0xc7eeee29, 0x6bb8b8d3, 0x2814143c, 0xa7dede79, 0xbc5e5ee2, 0x160b0b1d, 0xaddbdb76, 0xdbe0e03b, 0x64323256, 0x743a3a4e, 0x140a0a1e, 0x924949db, 0x0c06060a, 0x4824246c, 0xb85c5ce4, 0x9fc2c25d, 0xbdd3d36e, 0x43acacef, 0xc46262a6, 0x399191a8, 0x319595a4, 0xd3e4e437, 0xf279798b, 0xd5e7e732, 0x8bc8c843, 0x6e373759, 0xda6d6db7, 0x018d8d8c, 0xb1d5d564, 0x9c4e4ed2, 0x49a9a9e0, 0xd86c6cb4, 0xac5656fa, 0xf3f4f407, 0xcfeaea25, 0xca6565af, 0xf47a7a8e, 0x47aeaee9, 0x10080818, 0x6fbabad5, 0xf0787888, 0x4a25256f, 0x5c2e2e72, 0x381c1c24, 0x57a6a6f1, 0x73b4b4c7, 0x97c6c651, 0xcbe8e823, 0xa1dddd7c, 0xe874749c, 0x3e1f1f21, 0x964b4bdd, 0x61bdbddc, 0x0d8b8b86, 0x0f8a8a85, 0xe0707090, 0x7c3e3e42, 0x71b5b5c4, 0xcc6666aa, 0x904848d8, 0x06030305, 0xf7f6f601, 0x1c0e0e12, 0xc26161a3, 0x6a35355f, 0xae5757f9, 0x69b9b9d0, 0x17868691, 0x99c1c158, 0x3a1d1d27, 0x279e9eb9, 0xd9e1e138, 0xebf8f813, 0x2b9898b3, 0x22111133, 0xd26969bb, 0xa9d9d970, 0x078e8e89, 0x339494a7, 0x2d9b9bb6, 0x3c1e1e22, 0x15878792, 0xc9e9e920, 0x87cece49, 0xaa5555ff, 0x50282878, 0xa5dfdf7a, 0x038c8c8f, 0x59a1a1f8, 0x09898980, 0x1a0d0d17, 0x65bfbfda, 0xd7e6e631, 0x844242c6, 0xd06868b8, 0x824141c3, 0x299999b0, 0x5a2d2d77, 0x1e0f0f11, 0x7bb0b0cb, 0xa85454fc, 0x6dbbbbd6, 0x2c16163a];
-           var T2 = [0xa5c66363, 0x84f87c7c, 0x99ee7777, 0x8df67b7b, 0x0dfff2f2, 0xbdd66b6b, 0xb1de6f6f, 0x5491c5c5, 0x50603030, 0x03020101, 0xa9ce6767, 0x7d562b2b, 0x19e7fefe, 0x62b5d7d7, 0xe64dabab, 0x9aec7676, 0x458fcaca, 0x9d1f8282, 0x4089c9c9, 0x87fa7d7d, 0x15effafa, 0xebb25959, 0xc98e4747, 0x0bfbf0f0, 0xec41adad, 0x67b3d4d4, 0xfd5fa2a2, 0xea45afaf, 0xbf239c9c, 0xf753a4a4, 0x96e47272, 0x5b9bc0c0, 0xc275b7b7, 0x1ce1fdfd, 0xae3d9393, 0x6a4c2626, 0x5a6c3636, 0x417e3f3f, 0x02f5f7f7, 0x4f83cccc, 0x5c683434, 0xf451a5a5, 0x34d1e5e5, 0x08f9f1f1, 0x93e27171, 0x73abd8d8, 0x53623131, 0x3f2a1515, 0x0c080404, 0x5295c7c7, 0x65462323, 0x5e9dc3c3, 0x28301818, 0xa1379696, 0x0f0a0505, 0xb52f9a9a, 0x090e0707, 0x36241212, 0x9b1b8080, 0x3ddfe2e2, 0x26cdebeb, 0x694e2727, 0xcd7fb2b2, 0x9fea7575, 0x1b120909, 0x9e1d8383, 0x74582c2c, 0x2e341a1a, 0x2d361b1b, 0xb2dc6e6e, 0xeeb45a5a, 0xfb5ba0a0, 0xf6a45252, 0x4d763b3b, 0x61b7d6d6, 0xce7db3b3, 0x7b522929, 0x3edde3e3, 0x715e2f2f, 0x97138484, 0xf5a65353, 0x68b9d1d1, 0x00000000, 0x2cc1eded, 0x60402020, 0x1fe3fcfc, 0xc879b1b1, 0xedb65b5b, 0xbed46a6a, 0x468dcbcb, 0xd967bebe, 0x4b723939, 0xde944a4a, 0xd4984c4c, 0xe8b05858, 0x4a85cfcf, 0x6bbbd0d0, 0x2ac5efef, 0xe54faaaa, 0x16edfbfb, 0xc5864343, 0xd79a4d4d, 0x55663333, 0x94118585, 0xcf8a4545, 0x10e9f9f9, 0x06040202, 0x81fe7f7f, 0xf0a05050, 0x44783c3c, 0xba259f9f, 0xe34ba8a8, 0xf3a25151, 0xfe5da3a3, 0xc0804040, 0x8a058f8f, 0xad3f9292, 0xbc219d9d, 0x48703838, 0x04f1f5f5, 0xdf63bcbc, 0xc177b6b6, 0x75afdada, 0x63422121, 0x30201010, 0x1ae5ffff, 0x0efdf3f3, 0x6dbfd2d2, 0x4c81cdcd, 0x14180c0c, 0x35261313, 0x2fc3ecec, 0xe1be5f5f, 0xa2359797, 0xcc884444, 0x392e1717, 0x5793c4c4, 0xf255a7a7, 0x82fc7e7e, 0x477a3d3d, 0xacc86464, 0xe7ba5d5d, 0x2b321919, 0x95e67373, 0xa0c06060, 0x98198181, 0xd19e4f4f, 0x7fa3dcdc, 0x66442222, 0x7e542a2a, 0xab3b9090, 0x830b8888, 0xca8c4646, 0x29c7eeee, 0xd36bb8b8, 0x3c281414, 0x79a7dede, 0xe2bc5e5e, 0x1d160b0b, 0x76addbdb, 0x3bdbe0e0, 0x56643232, 0x4e743a3a, 0x1e140a0a, 0xdb924949, 0x0a0c0606, 0x6c482424, 0xe4b85c5c, 0x5d9fc2c2, 0x6ebdd3d3, 0xef43acac, 0xa6c46262, 0xa8399191, 0xa4319595, 0x37d3e4e4, 0x8bf27979, 0x32d5e7e7, 0x438bc8c8, 0x596e3737, 0xb7da6d6d, 0x8c018d8d, 0x64b1d5d5, 0xd29c4e4e, 0xe049a9a9, 0xb4d86c6c, 0xfaac5656, 0x07f3f4f4, 0x25cfeaea, 0xafca6565, 0x8ef47a7a, 0xe947aeae, 0x18100808, 0xd56fbaba, 0x88f07878, 0x6f4a2525, 0x725c2e2e, 0x24381c1c, 0xf157a6a6, 0xc773b4b4, 0x5197c6c6, 0x23cbe8e8, 0x7ca1dddd, 0x9ce87474, 0x213e1f1f, 0xdd964b4b, 0xdc61bdbd, 0x860d8b8b, 0x850f8a8a, 0x90e07070, 0x427c3e3e, 0xc471b5b5, 0xaacc6666, 0xd8904848, 0x05060303, 0x01f7f6f6, 0x121c0e0e, 0xa3c26161, 0x5f6a3535, 0xf9ae5757, 0xd069b9b9, 0x91178686, 0x5899c1c1, 0x273a1d1d, 0xb9279e9e, 0x38d9e1e1, 0x13ebf8f8, 0xb32b9898, 0x33221111, 0xbbd26969, 0x70a9d9d9, 0x89078e8e, 0xa7339494, 0xb62d9b9b, 0x223c1e1e, 0x92158787, 0x20c9e9e9, 0x4987cece, 0xffaa5555, 0x78502828, 0x7aa5dfdf, 0x8f038c8c, 0xf859a1a1, 0x80098989, 0x171a0d0d, 0xda65bfbf, 0x31d7e6e6, 0xc6844242, 0xb8d06868, 0xc3824141, 0xb0299999, 0x775a2d2d, 0x111e0f0f, 0xcb7bb0b0, 0xfca85454, 0xd66dbbbb, 0x3a2c1616];
-           var T3 = [0x63a5c663, 0x7c84f87c, 0x7799ee77, 0x7b8df67b, 0xf20dfff2, 0x6bbdd66b, 0x6fb1de6f, 0xc55491c5, 0x30506030, 0x01030201, 0x67a9ce67, 0x2b7d562b, 0xfe19e7fe, 0xd762b5d7, 0xabe64dab, 0x769aec76, 0xca458fca, 0x829d1f82, 0xc94089c9, 0x7d87fa7d, 0xfa15effa, 0x59ebb259, 0x47c98e47, 0xf00bfbf0, 0xadec41ad, 0xd467b3d4, 0xa2fd5fa2, 0xafea45af, 0x9cbf239c, 0xa4f753a4, 0x7296e472, 0xc05b9bc0, 0xb7c275b7, 0xfd1ce1fd, 0x93ae3d93, 0x266a4c26, 0x365a6c36, 0x3f417e3f, 0xf702f5f7, 0xcc4f83cc, 0x345c6834, 0xa5f451a5, 0xe534d1e5, 0xf108f9f1, 0x7193e271, 0xd873abd8, 0x31536231, 0x153f2a15, 0x040c0804, 0xc75295c7, 0x23654623, 0xc35e9dc3, 0x18283018, 0x96a13796, 0x050f0a05, 0x9ab52f9a, 0x07090e07, 0x12362412, 0x809b1b80, 0xe23ddfe2, 0xeb26cdeb, 0x27694e27, 0xb2cd7fb2, 0x759fea75, 0x091b1209, 0x839e1d83, 0x2c74582c, 0x1a2e341a, 0x1b2d361b, 0x6eb2dc6e, 0x5aeeb45a, 0xa0fb5ba0, 0x52f6a452, 0x3b4d763b, 0xd661b7d6, 0xb3ce7db3, 0x297b5229, 0xe33edde3, 0x2f715e2f, 0x84971384, 0x53f5a653, 0xd168b9d1, 0x00000000, 0xed2cc1ed, 0x20604020, 0xfc1fe3fc, 0xb1c879b1, 0x5bedb65b, 0x6abed46a, 0xcb468dcb, 0xbed967be, 0x394b7239, 0x4ade944a, 0x4cd4984c, 0x58e8b058, 0xcf4a85cf, 0xd06bbbd0, 0xef2ac5ef, 0xaae54faa, 0xfb16edfb, 0x43c58643, 0x4dd79a4d, 0x33556633, 0x85941185, 0x45cf8a45, 0xf910e9f9, 0x02060402, 0x7f81fe7f, 0x50f0a050, 0x3c44783c, 0x9fba259f, 0xa8e34ba8, 0x51f3a251, 0xa3fe5da3, 0x40c08040, 0x8f8a058f, 0x92ad3f92, 0x9dbc219d, 0x38487038, 0xf504f1f5, 0xbcdf63bc, 0xb6c177b6, 0xda75afda, 0x21634221, 0x10302010, 0xff1ae5ff, 0xf30efdf3, 0xd26dbfd2, 0xcd4c81cd, 0x0c14180c, 0x13352613, 0xec2fc3ec, 0x5fe1be5f, 0x97a23597, 0x44cc8844, 0x17392e17, 0xc45793c4, 0xa7f255a7, 0x7e82fc7e, 0x3d477a3d, 0x64acc864, 0x5de7ba5d, 0x192b3219, 0x7395e673, 0x60a0c060, 0x81981981, 0x4fd19e4f, 0xdc7fa3dc, 0x22664422, 0x2a7e542a, 0x90ab3b90, 0x88830b88, 0x46ca8c46, 0xee29c7ee, 0xb8d36bb8, 0x143c2814, 0xde79a7de, 0x5ee2bc5e, 0x0b1d160b, 0xdb76addb, 0xe03bdbe0, 0x32566432, 0x3a4e743a, 0x0a1e140a, 0x49db9249, 0x060a0c06, 0x246c4824, 0x5ce4b85c, 0xc25d9fc2, 0xd36ebdd3, 0xacef43ac, 0x62a6c462, 0x91a83991, 0x95a43195, 0xe437d3e4, 0x798bf279, 0xe732d5e7, 0xc8438bc8, 0x37596e37, 0x6db7da6d, 0x8d8c018d, 0xd564b1d5, 0x4ed29c4e, 0xa9e049a9, 0x6cb4d86c, 0x56faac56, 0xf407f3f4, 0xea25cfea, 0x65afca65, 0x7a8ef47a, 0xaee947ae, 0x08181008, 0xbad56fba, 0x7888f078, 0x256f4a25, 0x2e725c2e, 0x1c24381c, 0xa6f157a6, 0xb4c773b4, 0xc65197c6, 0xe823cbe8, 0xdd7ca1dd, 0x749ce874, 0x1f213e1f, 0x4bdd964b, 0xbddc61bd, 0x8b860d8b, 0x8a850f8a, 0x7090e070, 0x3e427c3e, 0xb5c471b5, 0x66aacc66, 0x48d89048, 0x03050603, 0xf601f7f6, 0x0e121c0e, 0x61a3c261, 0x355f6a35, 0x57f9ae57, 0xb9d069b9, 0x86911786, 0xc15899c1, 0x1d273a1d, 0x9eb9279e, 0xe138d9e1, 0xf813ebf8, 0x98b32b98, 0x11332211, 0x69bbd269, 0xd970a9d9, 0x8e89078e, 0x94a73394, 0x9bb62d9b, 0x1e223c1e, 0x87921587, 0xe920c9e9, 0xce4987ce, 0x55ffaa55, 0x28785028, 0xdf7aa5df, 0x8c8f038c, 0xa1f859a1, 0x89800989, 0x0d171a0d, 0xbfda65bf, 0xe631d7e6, 0x42c68442, 0x68b8d068, 0x41c38241, 0x99b02999, 0x2d775a2d, 0x0f111e0f, 0xb0cb7bb0, 0x54fca854, 0xbbd66dbb, 0x163a2c16];
-           var T4 = [0x6363a5c6, 0x7c7c84f8, 0x777799ee, 0x7b7b8df6, 0xf2f20dff, 0x6b6bbdd6, 0x6f6fb1de, 0xc5c55491, 0x30305060, 0x01010302, 0x6767a9ce, 0x2b2b7d56, 0xfefe19e7, 0xd7d762b5, 0xababe64d, 0x76769aec, 0xcaca458f, 0x82829d1f, 0xc9c94089, 0x7d7d87fa, 0xfafa15ef, 0x5959ebb2, 0x4747c98e, 0xf0f00bfb, 0xadadec41, 0xd4d467b3, 0xa2a2fd5f, 0xafafea45, 0x9c9cbf23, 0xa4a4f753, 0x727296e4, 0xc0c05b9b, 0xb7b7c275, 0xfdfd1ce1, 0x9393ae3d, 0x26266a4c, 0x36365a6c, 0x3f3f417e, 0xf7f702f5, 0xcccc4f83, 0x34345c68, 0xa5a5f451, 0xe5e534d1, 0xf1f108f9, 0x717193e2, 0xd8d873ab, 0x31315362, 0x15153f2a, 0x04040c08, 0xc7c75295, 0x23236546, 0xc3c35e9d, 0x18182830, 0x9696a137, 0x05050f0a, 0x9a9ab52f, 0x0707090e, 0x12123624, 0x80809b1b, 0xe2e23ddf, 0xebeb26cd, 0x2727694e, 0xb2b2cd7f, 0x75759fea, 0x09091b12, 0x83839e1d, 0x2c2c7458, 0x1a1a2e34, 0x1b1b2d36, 0x6e6eb2dc, 0x5a5aeeb4, 0xa0a0fb5b, 0x5252f6a4, 0x3b3b4d76, 0xd6d661b7, 0xb3b3ce7d, 0x29297b52, 0xe3e33edd, 0x2f2f715e, 0x84849713, 0x5353f5a6, 0xd1d168b9, 0x00000000, 0xeded2cc1, 0x20206040, 0xfcfc1fe3, 0xb1b1c879, 0x5b5bedb6, 0x6a6abed4, 0xcbcb468d, 0xbebed967, 0x39394b72, 0x4a4ade94, 0x4c4cd498, 0x5858e8b0, 0xcfcf4a85, 0xd0d06bbb, 0xefef2ac5, 0xaaaae54f, 0xfbfb16ed, 0x4343c586, 0x4d4dd79a, 0x33335566, 0x85859411, 0x4545cf8a, 0xf9f910e9, 0x02020604, 0x7f7f81fe, 0x5050f0a0, 0x3c3c4478, 0x9f9fba25, 0xa8a8e34b, 0x5151f3a2, 0xa3a3fe5d, 0x4040c080, 0x8f8f8a05, 0x9292ad3f, 0x9d9dbc21, 0x38384870, 0xf5f504f1, 0xbcbcdf63, 0xb6b6c177, 0xdada75af, 0x21216342, 0x10103020, 0xffff1ae5, 0xf3f30efd, 0xd2d26dbf, 0xcdcd4c81, 0x0c0c1418, 0x13133526, 0xecec2fc3, 0x5f5fe1be, 0x9797a235, 0x4444cc88, 0x1717392e, 0xc4c45793, 0xa7a7f255, 0x7e7e82fc, 0x3d3d477a, 0x6464acc8, 0x5d5de7ba, 0x19192b32, 0x737395e6, 0x6060a0c0, 0x81819819, 0x4f4fd19e, 0xdcdc7fa3, 0x22226644, 0x2a2a7e54, 0x9090ab3b, 0x8888830b, 0x4646ca8c, 0xeeee29c7, 0xb8b8d36b, 0x14143c28, 0xdede79a7, 0x5e5ee2bc, 0x0b0b1d16, 0xdbdb76ad, 0xe0e03bdb, 0x32325664, 0x3a3a4e74, 0x0a0a1e14, 0x4949db92, 0x06060a0c, 0x24246c48, 0x5c5ce4b8, 0xc2c25d9f, 0xd3d36ebd, 0xacacef43, 0x6262a6c4, 0x9191a839, 0x9595a431, 0xe4e437d3, 0x79798bf2, 0xe7e732d5, 0xc8c8438b, 0x3737596e, 0x6d6db7da, 0x8d8d8c01, 0xd5d564b1, 0x4e4ed29c, 0xa9a9e049, 0x6c6cb4d8, 0x5656faac, 0xf4f407f3, 0xeaea25cf, 0x6565afca, 0x7a7a8ef4, 0xaeaee947, 0x08081810, 0xbabad56f, 0x787888f0, 0x25256f4a, 0x2e2e725c, 0x1c1c2438, 0xa6a6f157, 0xb4b4c773, 0xc6c65197, 0xe8e823cb, 0xdddd7ca1, 0x74749ce8, 0x1f1f213e, 0x4b4bdd96, 0xbdbddc61, 0x8b8b860d, 0x8a8a850f, 0x707090e0, 0x3e3e427c, 0xb5b5c471, 0x6666aacc, 0x4848d890, 0x03030506, 0xf6f601f7, 0x0e0e121c, 0x6161a3c2, 0x35355f6a, 0x5757f9ae, 0xb9b9d069, 0x86869117, 0xc1c15899, 0x1d1d273a, 0x9e9eb927, 0xe1e138d9, 0xf8f813eb, 0x9898b32b, 0x11113322, 0x6969bbd2, 0xd9d970a9, 0x8e8e8907, 0x9494a733, 0x9b9bb62d, 0x1e1e223c, 0x87879215, 0xe9e920c9, 0xcece4987, 0x5555ffaa, 0x28287850, 0xdfdf7aa5, 0x8c8c8f03, 0xa1a1f859, 0x89898009, 0x0d0d171a, 0xbfbfda65, 0xe6e631d7, 0x4242c684, 0x6868b8d0, 0x4141c382, 0x9999b029, 0x2d2d775a, 0x0f0f111e, 0xb0b0cb7b, 0x5454fca8, 0xbbbbd66d, 0x16163a2c];
-
-           // Transformations for decryption
-           var T5 = [0x51f4a750, 0x7e416553, 0x1a17a4c3, 0x3a275e96, 0x3bab6bcb, 0x1f9d45f1, 0xacfa58ab, 0x4be30393, 0x2030fa55, 0xad766df6, 0x88cc7691, 0xf5024c25, 0x4fe5d7fc, 0xc52acbd7, 0x26354480, 0xb562a38f, 0xdeb15a49, 0x25ba1b67, 0x45ea0e98, 0x5dfec0e1, 0xc32f7502, 0x814cf012, 0x8d4697a3, 0x6bd3f9c6, 0x038f5fe7, 0x15929c95, 0xbf6d7aeb, 0x955259da, 0xd4be832d, 0x587421d3, 0x49e06929, 0x8ec9c844, 0x75c2896a, 0xf48e7978, 0x99583e6b, 0x27b971dd, 0xbee14fb6, 0xf088ad17, 0xc920ac66, 0x7dce3ab4, 0x63df4a18, 0xe51a3182, 0x97513360, 0x62537f45, 0xb16477e0, 0xbb6bae84, 0xfe81a01c, 0xf9082b94, 0x70486858, 0x8f45fd19, 0x94de6c87, 0x527bf8b7, 0xab73d323, 0x724b02e2, 0xe31f8f57, 0x6655ab2a, 0xb2eb2807, 0x2fb5c203, 0x86c57b9a, 0xd33708a5, 0x302887f2, 0x23bfa5b2, 0x02036aba, 0xed16825c, 0x8acf1c2b, 0xa779b492, 0xf307f2f0, 0x4e69e2a1, 0x65daf4cd, 0x0605bed5, 0xd134621f, 0xc4a6fe8a, 0x342e539d, 0xa2f355a0, 0x058ae132, 0xa4f6eb75, 0x0b83ec39, 0x4060efaa, 0x5e719f06, 0xbd6e1051, 0x3e218af9, 0x96dd063d, 0xdd3e05ae, 0x4de6bd46, 0x91548db5, 0x71c45d05, 0x0406d46f, 0x605015ff, 0x1998fb24, 0xd6bde997, 0x894043cc, 0x67d99e77, 0xb0e842bd, 0x07898b88, 0xe7195b38, 0x79c8eedb, 0xa17c0a47, 0x7c420fe9, 0xf8841ec9, 0x00000000, 0x09808683, 0x322bed48, 0x1e1170ac, 0x6c5a724e, 0xfd0efffb, 0x0f853856, 0x3daed51e, 0x362d3927, 0x0a0fd964, 0x685ca621, 0x9b5b54d1, 0x24362e3a, 0x0c0a67b1, 0x9357e70f, 0xb4ee96d2, 0x1b9b919e, 0x80c0c54f, 0x61dc20a2, 0x5a774b69, 0x1c121a16, 0xe293ba0a, 0xc0a02ae5, 0x3c22e043, 0x121b171d, 0x0e090d0b, 0xf28bc7ad, 0x2db6a8b9, 0x141ea9c8, 0x57f11985, 0xaf75074c, 0xee99ddbb, 0xa37f60fd, 0xf701269f, 0x5c72f5bc, 0x44663bc5, 0x5bfb7e34, 0x8b432976, 0xcb23c6dc, 0xb6edfc68, 0xb8e4f163, 0xd731dcca, 0x42638510, 0x13972240, 0x84c61120, 0x854a247d, 0xd2bb3df8, 0xaef93211, 0xc729a16d, 0x1d9e2f4b, 0xdcb230f3, 0x0d8652ec, 0x77c1e3d0, 0x2bb3166c, 0xa970b999, 0x119448fa, 0x47e96422, 0xa8fc8cc4, 0xa0f03f1a, 0x567d2cd8, 0x223390ef, 0x87494ec7, 0xd938d1c1, 0x8ccaa2fe, 0x98d40b36, 0xa6f581cf, 0xa57ade28, 0xdab78e26, 0x3fadbfa4, 0x2c3a9de4, 0x5078920d, 0x6a5fcc9b, 0x547e4662, 0xf68d13c2, 0x90d8b8e8, 0x2e39f75e, 0x82c3aff5, 0x9f5d80be, 0x69d0937c, 0x6fd52da9, 0xcf2512b3, 0xc8ac993b, 0x10187da7, 0xe89c636e, 0xdb3bbb7b, 0xcd267809, 0x6e5918f4, 0xec9ab701, 0x834f9aa8, 0xe6956e65, 0xaaffe67e, 0x21bccf08, 0xef15e8e6, 0xbae79bd9, 0x4a6f36ce, 0xea9f09d4, 0x29b07cd6, 0x31a4b2af, 0x2a3f2331, 0xc6a59430, 0x35a266c0, 0x744ebc37, 0xfc82caa6, 0xe090d0b0, 0x33a7d815, 0xf104984a, 0x41ecdaf7, 0x7fcd500e, 0x1791f62f, 0x764dd68d, 0x43efb04d, 0xccaa4d54, 0xe49604df, 0x9ed1b5e3, 0x4c6a881b, 0xc12c1fb8, 0x4665517f, 0x9d5eea04, 0x018c355d, 0xfa877473, 0xfb0b412e, 0xb3671d5a, 0x92dbd252, 0xe9105633, 0x6dd64713, 0x9ad7618c, 0x37a10c7a, 0x59f8148e, 0xeb133c89, 0xcea927ee, 0xb761c935, 0xe11ce5ed, 0x7a47b13c, 0x9cd2df59, 0x55f2733f, 0x1814ce79, 0x73c737bf, 0x53f7cdea, 0x5ffdaa5b, 0xdf3d6f14, 0x7844db86, 0xcaaff381, 0xb968c43e, 0x3824342c, 0xc2a3405f, 0x161dc372, 0xbce2250c, 0x283c498b, 0xff0d9541, 0x39a80171, 0x080cb3de, 0xd8b4e49c, 0x6456c190, 0x7bcb8461, 0xd532b670, 0x486c5c74, 0xd0b85742];
-           var T6 = [0x5051f4a7, 0x537e4165, 0xc31a17a4, 0x963a275e, 0xcb3bab6b, 0xf11f9d45, 0xabacfa58, 0x934be303, 0x552030fa, 0xf6ad766d, 0x9188cc76, 0x25f5024c, 0xfc4fe5d7, 0xd7c52acb, 0x80263544, 0x8fb562a3, 0x49deb15a, 0x6725ba1b, 0x9845ea0e, 0xe15dfec0, 0x02c32f75, 0x12814cf0, 0xa38d4697, 0xc66bd3f9, 0xe7038f5f, 0x9515929c, 0xebbf6d7a, 0xda955259, 0x2dd4be83, 0xd3587421, 0x2949e069, 0x448ec9c8, 0x6a75c289, 0x78f48e79, 0x6b99583e, 0xdd27b971, 0xb6bee14f, 0x17f088ad, 0x66c920ac, 0xb47dce3a, 0x1863df4a, 0x82e51a31, 0x60975133, 0x4562537f, 0xe0b16477, 0x84bb6bae, 0x1cfe81a0, 0x94f9082b, 0x58704868, 0x198f45fd, 0x8794de6c, 0xb7527bf8, 0x23ab73d3, 0xe2724b02, 0x57e31f8f, 0x2a6655ab, 0x07b2eb28, 0x032fb5c2, 0x9a86c57b, 0xa5d33708, 0xf2302887, 0xb223bfa5, 0xba02036a, 0x5ced1682, 0x2b8acf1c, 0x92a779b4, 0xf0f307f2, 0xa14e69e2, 0xcd65daf4, 0xd50605be, 0x1fd13462, 0x8ac4a6fe, 0x9d342e53, 0xa0a2f355, 0x32058ae1, 0x75a4f6eb, 0x390b83ec, 0xaa4060ef, 0x065e719f, 0x51bd6e10, 0xf93e218a, 0x3d96dd06, 0xaedd3e05, 0x464de6bd, 0xb591548d, 0x0571c45d, 0x6f0406d4, 0xff605015, 0x241998fb, 0x97d6bde9, 0xcc894043, 0x7767d99e, 0xbdb0e842, 0x8807898b, 0x38e7195b, 0xdb79c8ee, 0x47a17c0a, 0xe97c420f, 0xc9f8841e, 0x00000000, 0x83098086, 0x48322bed, 0xac1e1170, 0x4e6c5a72, 0xfbfd0eff, 0x560f8538, 0x1e3daed5, 0x27362d39, 0x640a0fd9, 0x21685ca6, 0xd19b5b54, 0x3a24362e, 0xb10c0a67, 0x0f9357e7, 0xd2b4ee96, 0x9e1b9b91, 0x4f80c0c5, 0xa261dc20, 0x695a774b, 0x161c121a, 0x0ae293ba, 0xe5c0a02a, 0x433c22e0, 0x1d121b17, 0x0b0e090d, 0xadf28bc7, 0xb92db6a8, 0xc8141ea9, 0x8557f119, 0x4caf7507, 0xbbee99dd, 0xfda37f60, 0x9ff70126, 0xbc5c72f5, 0xc544663b, 0x345bfb7e, 0x768b4329, 0xdccb23c6, 0x68b6edfc, 0x63b8e4f1, 0xcad731dc, 0x10426385, 0x40139722, 0x2084c611, 0x7d854a24, 0xf8d2bb3d, 0x11aef932, 0x6dc729a1, 0x4b1d9e2f, 0xf3dcb230, 0xec0d8652, 0xd077c1e3, 0x6c2bb316, 0x99a970b9, 0xfa119448, 0x2247e964, 0xc4a8fc8c, 0x1aa0f03f, 0xd8567d2c, 0xef223390, 0xc787494e, 0xc1d938d1, 0xfe8ccaa2, 0x3698d40b, 0xcfa6f581, 0x28a57ade, 0x26dab78e, 0xa43fadbf, 0xe42c3a9d, 0x0d507892, 0x9b6a5fcc, 0x62547e46, 0xc2f68d13, 0xe890d8b8, 0x5e2e39f7, 0xf582c3af, 0xbe9f5d80, 0x7c69d093, 0xa96fd52d, 0xb3cf2512, 0x3bc8ac99, 0xa710187d, 0x6ee89c63, 0x7bdb3bbb, 0x09cd2678, 0xf46e5918, 0x01ec9ab7, 0xa8834f9a, 0x65e6956e, 0x7eaaffe6, 0x0821bccf, 0xe6ef15e8, 0xd9bae79b, 0xce4a6f36, 0xd4ea9f09, 0xd629b07c, 0xaf31a4b2, 0x312a3f23, 0x30c6a594, 0xc035a266, 0x37744ebc, 0xa6fc82ca, 0xb0e090d0, 0x1533a7d8, 0x4af10498, 0xf741ecda, 0x0e7fcd50, 0x2f1791f6, 0x8d764dd6, 0x4d43efb0, 0x54ccaa4d, 0xdfe49604, 0xe39ed1b5, 0x1b4c6a88, 0xb8c12c1f, 0x7f466551, 0x049d5eea, 0x5d018c35, 0x73fa8774, 0x2efb0b41, 0x5ab3671d, 0x5292dbd2, 0x33e91056, 0x136dd647, 0x8c9ad761, 0x7a37a10c, 0x8e59f814, 0x89eb133c, 0xeecea927, 0x35b761c9, 0xede11ce5, 0x3c7a47b1, 0x599cd2df, 0x3f55f273, 0x791814ce, 0xbf73c737, 0xea53f7cd, 0x5b5ffdaa, 0x14df3d6f, 0x867844db, 0x81caaff3, 0x3eb968c4, 0x2c382434, 0x5fc2a340, 0x72161dc3, 0x0cbce225, 0x8b283c49, 0x41ff0d95, 0x7139a801, 0xde080cb3, 0x9cd8b4e4, 0x906456c1, 0x617bcb84, 0x70d532b6, 0x74486c5c, 0x42d0b857];
-           var T7 = [0xa75051f4, 0x65537e41, 0xa4c31a17, 0x5e963a27, 0x6bcb3bab, 0x45f11f9d, 0x58abacfa, 0x03934be3, 0xfa552030, 0x6df6ad76, 0x769188cc, 0x4c25f502, 0xd7fc4fe5, 0xcbd7c52a, 0x44802635, 0xa38fb562, 0x5a49deb1, 0x1b6725ba, 0x0e9845ea, 0xc0e15dfe, 0x7502c32f, 0xf012814c, 0x97a38d46, 0xf9c66bd3, 0x5fe7038f, 0x9c951592, 0x7aebbf6d, 0x59da9552, 0x832dd4be, 0x21d35874, 0x692949e0, 0xc8448ec9, 0x896a75c2, 0x7978f48e, 0x3e6b9958, 0x71dd27b9, 0x4fb6bee1, 0xad17f088, 0xac66c920, 0x3ab47dce, 0x4a1863df, 0x3182e51a, 0x33609751, 0x7f456253, 0x77e0b164, 0xae84bb6b, 0xa01cfe81, 0x2b94f908, 0x68587048, 0xfd198f45, 0x6c8794de, 0xf8b7527b, 0xd323ab73, 0x02e2724b, 0x8f57e31f, 0xab2a6655, 0x2807b2eb, 0xc2032fb5, 0x7b9a86c5, 0x08a5d337, 0x87f23028, 0xa5b223bf, 0x6aba0203, 0x825ced16, 0x1c2b8acf, 0xb492a779, 0xf2f0f307, 0xe2a14e69, 0xf4cd65da, 0xbed50605, 0x621fd134, 0xfe8ac4a6, 0x539d342e, 0x55a0a2f3, 0xe132058a, 0xeb75a4f6, 0xec390b83, 0xefaa4060, 0x9f065e71, 0x1051bd6e, 0x8af93e21, 0x063d96dd, 0x05aedd3e, 0xbd464de6, 0x8db59154, 0x5d0571c4, 0xd46f0406, 0x15ff6050, 0xfb241998, 0xe997d6bd, 0x43cc8940, 0x9e7767d9, 0x42bdb0e8, 0x8b880789, 0x5b38e719, 0xeedb79c8, 0x0a47a17c, 0x0fe97c42, 0x1ec9f884, 0x00000000, 0x86830980, 0xed48322b, 0x70ac1e11, 0x724e6c5a, 0xfffbfd0e, 0x38560f85, 0xd51e3dae, 0x3927362d, 0xd9640a0f, 0xa621685c, 0x54d19b5b, 0x2e3a2436, 0x67b10c0a, 0xe70f9357, 0x96d2b4ee, 0x919e1b9b, 0xc54f80c0, 0x20a261dc, 0x4b695a77, 0x1a161c12, 0xba0ae293, 0x2ae5c0a0, 0xe0433c22, 0x171d121b, 0x0d0b0e09, 0xc7adf28b, 0xa8b92db6, 0xa9c8141e, 0x198557f1, 0x074caf75, 0xddbbee99, 0x60fda37f, 0x269ff701, 0xf5bc5c72, 0x3bc54466, 0x7e345bfb, 0x29768b43, 0xc6dccb23, 0xfc68b6ed, 0xf163b8e4, 0xdccad731, 0x85104263, 0x22401397, 0x112084c6, 0x247d854a, 0x3df8d2bb, 0x3211aef9, 0xa16dc729, 0x2f4b1d9e, 0x30f3dcb2, 0x52ec0d86, 0xe3d077c1, 0x166c2bb3, 0xb999a970, 0x48fa1194, 0x642247e9, 0x8cc4a8fc, 0x3f1aa0f0, 0x2cd8567d, 0x90ef2233, 0x4ec78749, 0xd1c1d938, 0xa2fe8cca, 0x0b3698d4, 0x81cfa6f5, 0xde28a57a, 0x8e26dab7, 0xbfa43fad, 0x9de42c3a, 0x920d5078, 0xcc9b6a5f, 0x4662547e, 0x13c2f68d, 0xb8e890d8, 0xf75e2e39, 0xaff582c3, 0x80be9f5d, 0x937c69d0, 0x2da96fd5, 0x12b3cf25, 0x993bc8ac, 0x7da71018, 0x636ee89c, 0xbb7bdb3b, 0x7809cd26, 0x18f46e59, 0xb701ec9a, 0x9aa8834f, 0x6e65e695, 0xe67eaaff, 0xcf0821bc, 0xe8e6ef15, 0x9bd9bae7, 0x36ce4a6f, 0x09d4ea9f, 0x7cd629b0, 0xb2af31a4, 0x23312a3f, 0x9430c6a5, 0x66c035a2, 0xbc37744e, 0xcaa6fc82, 0xd0b0e090, 0xd81533a7, 0x984af104, 0xdaf741ec, 0x500e7fcd, 0xf62f1791, 0xd68d764d, 0xb04d43ef, 0x4d54ccaa, 0x04dfe496, 0xb5e39ed1, 0x881b4c6a, 0x1fb8c12c, 0x517f4665, 0xea049d5e, 0x355d018c, 0x7473fa87, 0x412efb0b, 0x1d5ab367, 0xd25292db, 0x5633e910, 0x47136dd6, 0x618c9ad7, 0x0c7a37a1, 0x148e59f8, 0x3c89eb13, 0x27eecea9, 0xc935b761, 0xe5ede11c, 0xb13c7a47, 0xdf599cd2, 0x733f55f2, 0xce791814, 0x37bf73c7, 0xcdea53f7, 0xaa5b5ffd, 0x6f14df3d, 0xdb867844, 0xf381caaf, 0xc43eb968, 0x342c3824, 0x405fc2a3, 0xc372161d, 0x250cbce2, 0x498b283c, 0x9541ff0d, 0x017139a8, 0xb3de080c, 0xe49cd8b4, 0xc1906456, 0x84617bcb, 0xb670d532, 0x5c74486c, 0x5742d0b8];
-           var T8 = [0xf4a75051, 0x4165537e, 0x17a4c31a, 0x275e963a, 0xab6bcb3b, 0x9d45f11f, 0xfa58abac, 0xe303934b, 0x30fa5520, 0x766df6ad, 0xcc769188, 0x024c25f5, 0xe5d7fc4f, 0x2acbd7c5, 0x35448026, 0x62a38fb5, 0xb15a49de, 0xba1b6725, 0xea0e9845, 0xfec0e15d, 0x2f7502c3, 0x4cf01281, 0x4697a38d, 0xd3f9c66b, 0x8f5fe703, 0x929c9515, 0x6d7aebbf, 0x5259da95, 0xbe832dd4, 0x7421d358, 0xe0692949, 0xc9c8448e, 0xc2896a75, 0x8e7978f4, 0x583e6b99, 0xb971dd27, 0xe14fb6be, 0x88ad17f0, 0x20ac66c9, 0xce3ab47d, 0xdf4a1863, 0x1a3182e5, 0x51336097, 0x537f4562, 0x6477e0b1, 0x6bae84bb, 0x81a01cfe, 0x082b94f9, 0x48685870, 0x45fd198f, 0xde6c8794, 0x7bf8b752, 0x73d323ab, 0x4b02e272, 0x1f8f57e3, 0x55ab2a66, 0xeb2807b2, 0xb5c2032f, 0xc57b9a86, 0x3708a5d3, 0x2887f230, 0xbfa5b223, 0x036aba02, 0x16825ced, 0xcf1c2b8a, 0x79b492a7, 0x07f2f0f3, 0x69e2a14e, 0xdaf4cd65, 0x05bed506, 0x34621fd1, 0xa6fe8ac4, 0x2e539d34, 0xf355a0a2, 0x8ae13205, 0xf6eb75a4, 0x83ec390b, 0x60efaa40, 0x719f065e, 0x6e1051bd, 0x218af93e, 0xdd063d96, 0x3e05aedd, 0xe6bd464d, 0x548db591, 0xc45d0571, 0x06d46f04, 0x5015ff60, 0x98fb2419, 0xbde997d6, 0x4043cc89, 0xd99e7767, 0xe842bdb0, 0x898b8807, 0x195b38e7, 0xc8eedb79, 0x7c0a47a1, 0x420fe97c, 0x841ec9f8, 0x00000000, 0x80868309, 0x2bed4832, 0x1170ac1e, 0x5a724e6c, 0x0efffbfd, 0x8538560f, 0xaed51e3d, 0x2d392736, 0x0fd9640a, 0x5ca62168, 0x5b54d19b, 0x362e3a24, 0x0a67b10c, 0x57e70f93, 0xee96d2b4, 0x9b919e1b, 0xc0c54f80, 0xdc20a261, 0x774b695a, 0x121a161c, 0x93ba0ae2, 0xa02ae5c0, 0x22e0433c, 0x1b171d12, 0x090d0b0e, 0x8bc7adf2, 0xb6a8b92d, 0x1ea9c814, 0xf1198557, 0x75074caf, 0x99ddbbee, 0x7f60fda3, 0x01269ff7, 0x72f5bc5c, 0x663bc544, 0xfb7e345b, 0x4329768b, 0x23c6dccb, 0xedfc68b6, 0xe4f163b8, 0x31dccad7, 0x63851042, 0x97224013, 0xc6112084, 0x4a247d85, 0xbb3df8d2, 0xf93211ae, 0x29a16dc7, 0x9e2f4b1d, 0xb230f3dc, 0x8652ec0d, 0xc1e3d077, 0xb3166c2b, 0x70b999a9, 0x9448fa11, 0xe9642247, 0xfc8cc4a8, 0xf03f1aa0, 0x7d2cd856, 0x3390ef22, 0x494ec787, 0x38d1c1d9, 0xcaa2fe8c, 0xd40b3698, 0xf581cfa6, 0x7ade28a5, 0xb78e26da, 0xadbfa43f, 0x3a9de42c, 0x78920d50, 0x5fcc9b6a, 0x7e466254, 0x8d13c2f6, 0xd8b8e890, 0x39f75e2e, 0xc3aff582, 0x5d80be9f, 0xd0937c69, 0xd52da96f, 0x2512b3cf, 0xac993bc8, 0x187da710, 0x9c636ee8, 0x3bbb7bdb, 0x267809cd, 0x5918f46e, 0x9ab701ec, 0x4f9aa883, 0x956e65e6, 0xffe67eaa, 0xbccf0821, 0x15e8e6ef, 0xe79bd9ba, 0x6f36ce4a, 0x9f09d4ea, 0xb07cd629, 0xa4b2af31, 0x3f23312a, 0xa59430c6, 0xa266c035, 0x4ebc3774, 0x82caa6fc, 0x90d0b0e0, 0xa7d81533, 0x04984af1, 0xecdaf741, 0xcd500e7f, 0x91f62f17, 0x4dd68d76, 0xefb04d43, 0xaa4d54cc, 0x9604dfe4, 0xd1b5e39e, 0x6a881b4c, 0x2c1fb8c1, 0x65517f46, 0x5eea049d, 0x8c355d01, 0x877473fa, 0x0b412efb, 0x671d5ab3, 0xdbd25292, 0x105633e9, 0xd647136d, 0xd7618c9a, 0xa10c7a37, 0xf8148e59, 0x133c89eb, 0xa927eece, 0x61c935b7, 0x1ce5ede1, 0x47b13c7a, 0xd2df599c, 0xf2733f55, 0x14ce7918, 0xc737bf73, 0xf7cdea53, 0xfdaa5b5f, 0x3d6f14df, 0x44db8678, 0xaff381ca, 0x68c43eb9, 0x24342c38, 0xa3405fc2, 0x1dc37216, 0xe2250cbc, 0x3c498b28, 0x0d9541ff, 0xa8017139, 0x0cb3de08, 0xb4e49cd8, 0x56c19064, 0xcb84617b, 0x32b670d5, 0x6c5c7448, 0xb85742d0];
-
-           // Transformations for decryption key expansion
-           var U1 = [0x00000000, 0x0e090d0b, 0x1c121a16, 0x121b171d, 0x3824342c, 0x362d3927, 0x24362e3a, 0x2a3f2331, 0x70486858, 0x7e416553, 0x6c5a724e, 0x62537f45, 0x486c5c74, 0x4665517f, 0x547e4662, 0x5a774b69, 0xe090d0b0, 0xee99ddbb, 0xfc82caa6, 0xf28bc7ad, 0xd8b4e49c, 0xd6bde997, 0xc4a6fe8a, 0xcaaff381, 0x90d8b8e8, 0x9ed1b5e3, 0x8ccaa2fe, 0x82c3aff5, 0xa8fc8cc4, 0xa6f581cf, 0xb4ee96d2, 0xbae79bd9, 0xdb3bbb7b, 0xd532b670, 0xc729a16d, 0xc920ac66, 0xe31f8f57, 0xed16825c, 0xff0d9541, 0xf104984a, 0xab73d323, 0xa57ade28, 0xb761c935, 0xb968c43e, 0x9357e70f, 0x9d5eea04, 0x8f45fd19, 0x814cf012, 0x3bab6bcb, 0x35a266c0, 0x27b971dd, 0x29b07cd6, 0x038f5fe7, 0x0d8652ec, 0x1f9d45f1, 0x119448fa, 0x4be30393, 0x45ea0e98, 0x57f11985, 0x59f8148e, 0x73c737bf, 0x7dce3ab4, 0x6fd52da9, 0x61dc20a2, 0xad766df6, 0xa37f60fd, 0xb16477e0, 0xbf6d7aeb, 0x955259da, 0x9b5b54d1, 0x894043cc, 0x87494ec7, 0xdd3e05ae, 0xd33708a5, 0xc12c1fb8, 0xcf2512b3, 0xe51a3182, 0xeb133c89, 0xf9082b94, 0xf701269f, 0x4de6bd46, 0x43efb04d, 0x51f4a750, 0x5ffdaa5b, 0x75c2896a, 0x7bcb8461, 0x69d0937c, 0x67d99e77, 0x3daed51e, 0x33a7d815, 0x21bccf08, 0x2fb5c203, 0x058ae132, 0x0b83ec39, 0x1998fb24, 0x1791f62f, 0x764dd68d, 0x7844db86, 0x6a5fcc9b, 0x6456c190, 0x4e69e2a1, 0x4060efaa, 0x527bf8b7, 0x5c72f5bc, 0x0605bed5, 0x080cb3de, 0x1a17a4c3, 0x141ea9c8, 0x3e218af9, 0x302887f2, 0x223390ef, 0x2c3a9de4, 0x96dd063d, 0x98d40b36, 0x8acf1c2b, 0x84c61120, 0xaef93211, 0xa0f03f1a, 0xb2eb2807, 0xbce2250c, 0xe6956e65, 0xe89c636e, 0xfa877473, 0xf48e7978, 0xdeb15a49, 0xd0b85742, 0xc2a3405f, 0xccaa4d54, 0x41ecdaf7, 0x4fe5d7fc, 0x5dfec0e1, 0x53f7cdea, 0x79c8eedb, 0x77c1e3d0, 0x65daf4cd, 0x6bd3f9c6, 0x31a4b2af, 0x3fadbfa4, 0x2db6a8b9, 0x23bfa5b2, 0x09808683, 0x07898b88, 0x15929c95, 0x1b9b919e, 0xa17c0a47, 0xaf75074c, 0xbd6e1051, 0xb3671d5a, 0x99583e6b, 0x97513360, 0x854a247d, 0x8b432976, 0xd134621f, 0xdf3d6f14, 0xcd267809, 0xc32f7502, 0xe9105633, 0xe7195b38, 0xf5024c25, 0xfb0b412e, 0x9ad7618c, 0x94de6c87, 0x86c57b9a, 0x88cc7691, 0xa2f355a0, 0xacfa58ab, 0xbee14fb6, 0xb0e842bd, 0xea9f09d4, 0xe49604df, 0xf68d13c2, 0xf8841ec9, 0xd2bb3df8, 0xdcb230f3, 0xcea927ee, 0xc0a02ae5, 0x7a47b13c, 0x744ebc37, 0x6655ab2a, 0x685ca621, 0x42638510, 0x4c6a881b, 0x5e719f06, 0x5078920d, 0x0a0fd964, 0x0406d46f, 0x161dc372, 0x1814ce79, 0x322bed48, 0x3c22e043, 0x2e39f75e, 0x2030fa55, 0xec9ab701, 0xe293ba0a, 0xf088ad17, 0xfe81a01c, 0xd4be832d, 0xdab78e26, 0xc8ac993b, 0xc6a59430, 0x9cd2df59, 0x92dbd252, 0x80c0c54f, 0x8ec9c844, 0xa4f6eb75, 0xaaffe67e, 0xb8e4f163, 0xb6edfc68, 0x0c0a67b1, 0x02036aba, 0x10187da7, 0x1e1170ac, 0x342e539d, 0x3a275e96, 0x283c498b, 0x26354480, 0x7c420fe9, 0x724b02e2, 0x605015ff, 0x6e5918f4, 0x44663bc5, 0x4a6f36ce, 0x587421d3, 0x567d2cd8, 0x37a10c7a, 0x39a80171, 0x2bb3166c, 0x25ba1b67, 0x0f853856, 0x018c355d, 0x13972240, 0x1d9e2f4b, 0x47e96422, 0x49e06929, 0x5bfb7e34, 0x55f2733f, 0x7fcd500e, 0x71c45d05, 0x63df4a18, 0x6dd64713, 0xd731dcca, 0xd938d1c1, 0xcb23c6dc, 0xc52acbd7, 0xef15e8e6, 0xe11ce5ed, 0xf307f2f0, 0xfd0efffb, 0xa779b492, 0xa970b999, 0xbb6bae84, 0xb562a38f, 0x9f5d80be, 0x91548db5, 0x834f9aa8, 0x8d4697a3];
-           var U2 = [0x00000000, 0x0b0e090d, 0x161c121a, 0x1d121b17, 0x2c382434, 0x27362d39, 0x3a24362e, 0x312a3f23, 0x58704868, 0x537e4165, 0x4e6c5a72, 0x4562537f, 0x74486c5c, 0x7f466551, 0x62547e46, 0x695a774b, 0xb0e090d0, 0xbbee99dd, 0xa6fc82ca, 0xadf28bc7, 0x9cd8b4e4, 0x97d6bde9, 0x8ac4a6fe, 0x81caaff3, 0xe890d8b8, 0xe39ed1b5, 0xfe8ccaa2, 0xf582c3af, 0xc4a8fc8c, 0xcfa6f581, 0xd2b4ee96, 0xd9bae79b, 0x7bdb3bbb, 0x70d532b6, 0x6dc729a1, 0x66c920ac, 0x57e31f8f, 0x5ced1682, 0x41ff0d95, 0x4af10498, 0x23ab73d3, 0x28a57ade, 0x35b761c9, 0x3eb968c4, 0x0f9357e7, 0x049d5eea, 0x198f45fd, 0x12814cf0, 0xcb3bab6b, 0xc035a266, 0xdd27b971, 0xd629b07c, 0xe7038f5f, 0xec0d8652, 0xf11f9d45, 0xfa119448, 0x934be303, 0x9845ea0e, 0x8557f119, 0x8e59f814, 0xbf73c737, 0xb47dce3a, 0xa96fd52d, 0xa261dc20, 0xf6ad766d, 0xfda37f60, 0xe0b16477, 0xebbf6d7a, 0xda955259, 0xd19b5b54, 0xcc894043, 0xc787494e, 0xaedd3e05, 0xa5d33708, 0xb8c12c1f, 0xb3cf2512, 0x82e51a31, 0x89eb133c, 0x94f9082b, 0x9ff70126, 0x464de6bd, 0x4d43efb0, 0x5051f4a7, 0x5b5ffdaa, 0x6a75c289, 0x617bcb84, 0x7c69d093, 0x7767d99e, 0x1e3daed5, 0x1533a7d8, 0x0821bccf, 0x032fb5c2, 0x32058ae1, 0x390b83ec, 0x241998fb, 0x2f1791f6, 0x8d764dd6, 0x867844db, 0x9b6a5fcc, 0x906456c1, 0xa14e69e2, 0xaa4060ef, 0xb7527bf8, 0xbc5c72f5, 0xd50605be, 0xde080cb3, 0xc31a17a4, 0xc8141ea9, 0xf93e218a, 0xf2302887, 0xef223390, 0xe42c3a9d, 0x3d96dd06, 0x3698d40b, 0x2b8acf1c, 0x2084c611, 0x11aef932, 0x1aa0f03f, 0x07b2eb28, 0x0cbce225, 0x65e6956e, 0x6ee89c63, 0x73fa8774, 0x78f48e79, 0x49deb15a, 0x42d0b857, 0x5fc2a340, 0x54ccaa4d, 0xf741ecda, 0xfc4fe5d7, 0xe15dfec0, 0xea53f7cd, 0xdb79c8ee, 0xd077c1e3, 0xcd65daf4, 0xc66bd3f9, 0xaf31a4b2, 0xa43fadbf, 0xb92db6a8, 0xb223bfa5, 0x83098086, 0x8807898b, 0x9515929c, 0x9e1b9b91, 0x47a17c0a, 0x4caf7507, 0x51bd6e10, 0x5ab3671d, 0x6b99583e, 0x60975133, 0x7d854a24, 0x768b4329, 0x1fd13462, 0x14df3d6f, 0x09cd2678, 0x02c32f75, 0x33e91056, 0x38e7195b, 0x25f5024c, 0x2efb0b41, 0x8c9ad761, 0x8794de6c, 0x9a86c57b, 0x9188cc76, 0xa0a2f355, 0xabacfa58, 0xb6bee14f, 0xbdb0e842, 0xd4ea9f09, 0xdfe49604, 0xc2f68d13, 0xc9f8841e, 0xf8d2bb3d, 0xf3dcb230, 0xeecea927, 0xe5c0a02a, 0x3c7a47b1, 0x37744ebc, 0x2a6655ab, 0x21685ca6, 0x10426385, 0x1b4c6a88, 0x065e719f, 0x0d507892, 0x640a0fd9, 0x6f0406d4, 0x72161dc3, 0x791814ce, 0x48322bed, 0x433c22e0, 0x5e2e39f7, 0x552030fa, 0x01ec9ab7, 0x0ae293ba, 0x17f088ad, 0x1cfe81a0, 0x2dd4be83, 0x26dab78e, 0x3bc8ac99, 0x30c6a594, 0x599cd2df, 0x5292dbd2, 0x4f80c0c5, 0x448ec9c8, 0x75a4f6eb, 0x7eaaffe6, 0x63b8e4f1, 0x68b6edfc, 0xb10c0a67, 0xba02036a, 0xa710187d, 0xac1e1170, 0x9d342e53, 0x963a275e, 0x8b283c49, 0x80263544, 0xe97c420f, 0xe2724b02, 0xff605015, 0xf46e5918, 0xc544663b, 0xce4a6f36, 0xd3587421, 0xd8567d2c, 0x7a37a10c, 0x7139a801, 0x6c2bb316, 0x6725ba1b, 0x560f8538, 0x5d018c35, 0x40139722, 0x4b1d9e2f, 0x2247e964, 0x2949e069, 0x345bfb7e, 0x3f55f273, 0x0e7fcd50, 0x0571c45d, 0x1863df4a, 0x136dd647, 0xcad731dc, 0xc1d938d1, 0xdccb23c6, 0xd7c52acb, 0xe6ef15e8, 0xede11ce5, 0xf0f307f2, 0xfbfd0eff, 0x92a779b4, 0x99a970b9, 0x84bb6bae, 0x8fb562a3, 0xbe9f5d80, 0xb591548d, 0xa8834f9a, 0xa38d4697];
-           var U3 = [0x00000000, 0x0d0b0e09, 0x1a161c12, 0x171d121b, 0x342c3824, 0x3927362d, 0x2e3a2436, 0x23312a3f, 0x68587048, 0x65537e41, 0x724e6c5a, 0x7f456253, 0x5c74486c, 0x517f4665, 0x4662547e, 0x4b695a77, 0xd0b0e090, 0xddbbee99, 0xcaa6fc82, 0xc7adf28b, 0xe49cd8b4, 0xe997d6bd, 0xfe8ac4a6, 0xf381caaf, 0xb8e890d8, 0xb5e39ed1, 0xa2fe8cca, 0xaff582c3, 0x8cc4a8fc, 0x81cfa6f5, 0x96d2b4ee, 0x9bd9bae7, 0xbb7bdb3b, 0xb670d532, 0xa16dc729, 0xac66c920, 0x8f57e31f, 0x825ced16, 0x9541ff0d, 0x984af104, 0xd323ab73, 0xde28a57a, 0xc935b761, 0xc43eb968, 0xe70f9357, 0xea049d5e, 0xfd198f45, 0xf012814c, 0x6bcb3bab, 0x66c035a2, 0x71dd27b9, 0x7cd629b0, 0x5fe7038f, 0x52ec0d86, 0x45f11f9d, 0x48fa1194, 0x03934be3, 0x0e9845ea, 0x198557f1, 0x148e59f8, 0x37bf73c7, 0x3ab47dce, 0x2da96fd5, 0x20a261dc, 0x6df6ad76, 0x60fda37f, 0x77e0b164, 0x7aebbf6d, 0x59da9552, 0x54d19b5b, 0x43cc8940, 0x4ec78749, 0x05aedd3e, 0x08a5d337, 0x1fb8c12c, 0x12b3cf25, 0x3182e51a, 0x3c89eb13, 0x2b94f908, 0x269ff701, 0xbd464de6, 0xb04d43ef, 0xa75051f4, 0xaa5b5ffd, 0x896a75c2, 0x84617bcb, 0x937c69d0, 0x9e7767d9, 0xd51e3dae, 0xd81533a7, 0xcf0821bc, 0xc2032fb5, 0xe132058a, 0xec390b83, 0xfb241998, 0xf62f1791, 0xd68d764d, 0xdb867844, 0xcc9b6a5f, 0xc1906456, 0xe2a14e69, 0xefaa4060, 0xf8b7527b, 0xf5bc5c72, 0xbed50605, 0xb3de080c, 0xa4c31a17, 0xa9c8141e, 0x8af93e21, 0x87f23028, 0x90ef2233, 0x9de42c3a, 0x063d96dd, 0x0b3698d4, 0x1c2b8acf, 0x112084c6, 0x3211aef9, 0x3f1aa0f0, 0x2807b2eb, 0x250cbce2, 0x6e65e695, 0x636ee89c, 0x7473fa87, 0x7978f48e, 0x5a49deb1, 0x5742d0b8, 0x405fc2a3, 0x4d54ccaa, 0xdaf741ec, 0xd7fc4fe5, 0xc0e15dfe, 0xcdea53f7, 0xeedb79c8, 0xe3d077c1, 0xf4cd65da, 0xf9c66bd3, 0xb2af31a4, 0xbfa43fad, 0xa8b92db6, 0xa5b223bf, 0x86830980, 0x8b880789, 0x9c951592, 0x919e1b9b, 0x0a47a17c, 0x074caf75, 0x1051bd6e, 0x1d5ab367, 0x3e6b9958, 0x33609751, 0x247d854a, 0x29768b43, 0x621fd134, 0x6f14df3d, 0x7809cd26, 0x7502c32f, 0x5633e910, 0x5b38e719, 0x4c25f502, 0x412efb0b, 0x618c9ad7, 0x6c8794de, 0x7b9a86c5, 0x769188cc, 0x55a0a2f3, 0x58abacfa, 0x4fb6bee1, 0x42bdb0e8, 0x09d4ea9f, 0x04dfe496, 0x13c2f68d, 0x1ec9f884, 0x3df8d2bb, 0x30f3dcb2, 0x27eecea9, 0x2ae5c0a0, 0xb13c7a47, 0xbc37744e, 0xab2a6655, 0xa621685c, 0x85104263, 0x881b4c6a, 0x9f065e71, 0x920d5078, 0xd9640a0f, 0xd46f0406, 0xc372161d, 0xce791814, 0xed48322b, 0xe0433c22, 0xf75e2e39, 0xfa552030, 0xb701ec9a, 0xba0ae293, 0xad17f088, 0xa01cfe81, 0x832dd4be, 0x8e26dab7, 0x993bc8ac, 0x9430c6a5, 0xdf599cd2, 0xd25292db, 0xc54f80c0, 0xc8448ec9, 0xeb75a4f6, 0xe67eaaff, 0xf163b8e4, 0xfc68b6ed, 0x67b10c0a, 0x6aba0203, 0x7da71018, 0x70ac1e11, 0x539d342e, 0x5e963a27, 0x498b283c, 0x44802635, 0x0fe97c42, 0x02e2724b, 0x15ff6050, 0x18f46e59, 0x3bc54466, 0x36ce4a6f, 0x21d35874, 0x2cd8567d, 0x0c7a37a1, 0x017139a8, 0x166c2bb3, 0x1b6725ba, 0x38560f85, 0x355d018c, 0x22401397, 0x2f4b1d9e, 0x642247e9, 0x692949e0, 0x7e345bfb, 0x733f55f2, 0x500e7fcd, 0x5d0571c4, 0x4a1863df, 0x47136dd6, 0xdccad731, 0xd1c1d938, 0xc6dccb23, 0xcbd7c52a, 0xe8e6ef15, 0xe5ede11c, 0xf2f0f307, 0xfffbfd0e, 0xb492a779, 0xb999a970, 0xae84bb6b, 0xa38fb562, 0x80be9f5d, 0x8db59154, 0x9aa8834f, 0x97a38d46];
-           var U4 = [0x00000000, 0x090d0b0e, 0x121a161c, 0x1b171d12, 0x24342c38, 0x2d392736, 0x362e3a24, 0x3f23312a, 0x48685870, 0x4165537e, 0x5a724e6c, 0x537f4562, 0x6c5c7448, 0x65517f46, 0x7e466254, 0x774b695a, 0x90d0b0e0, 0x99ddbbee, 0x82caa6fc, 0x8bc7adf2, 0xb4e49cd8, 0xbde997d6, 0xa6fe8ac4, 0xaff381ca, 0xd8b8e890, 0xd1b5e39e, 0xcaa2fe8c, 0xc3aff582, 0xfc8cc4a8, 0xf581cfa6, 0xee96d2b4, 0xe79bd9ba, 0x3bbb7bdb, 0x32b670d5, 0x29a16dc7, 0x20ac66c9, 0x1f8f57e3, 0x16825ced, 0x0d9541ff, 0x04984af1, 0x73d323ab, 0x7ade28a5, 0x61c935b7, 0x68c43eb9, 0x57e70f93, 0x5eea049d, 0x45fd198f, 0x4cf01281, 0xab6bcb3b, 0xa266c035, 0xb971dd27, 0xb07cd629, 0x8f5fe703, 0x8652ec0d, 0x9d45f11f, 0x9448fa11, 0xe303934b, 0xea0e9845, 0xf1198557, 0xf8148e59, 0xc737bf73, 0xce3ab47d, 0xd52da96f, 0xdc20a261, 0x766df6ad, 0x7f60fda3, 0x6477e0b1, 0x6d7aebbf, 0x5259da95, 0x5b54d19b, 0x4043cc89, 0x494ec787, 0x3e05aedd, 0x3708a5d3, 0x2c1fb8c1, 0x2512b3cf, 0x1a3182e5, 0x133c89eb, 0x082b94f9, 0x01269ff7, 0xe6bd464d, 0xefb04d43, 0xf4a75051, 0xfdaa5b5f, 0xc2896a75, 0xcb84617b, 0xd0937c69, 0xd99e7767, 0xaed51e3d, 0xa7d81533, 0xbccf0821, 0xb5c2032f, 0x8ae13205, 0x83ec390b, 0x98fb2419, 0x91f62f17, 0x4dd68d76, 0x44db8678, 0x5fcc9b6a, 0x56c19064, 0x69e2a14e, 0x60efaa40, 0x7bf8b752, 0x72f5bc5c, 0x05bed506, 0x0cb3de08, 0x17a4c31a, 0x1ea9c814, 0x218af93e, 0x2887f230, 0x3390ef22, 0x3a9de42c, 0xdd063d96, 0xd40b3698, 0xcf1c2b8a, 0xc6112084, 0xf93211ae, 0xf03f1aa0, 0xeb2807b2, 0xe2250cbc, 0x956e65e6, 0x9c636ee8, 0x877473fa, 0x8e7978f4, 0xb15a49de, 0xb85742d0, 0xa3405fc2, 0xaa4d54cc, 0xecdaf741, 0xe5d7fc4f, 0xfec0e15d, 0xf7cdea53, 0xc8eedb79, 0xc1e3d077, 0xdaf4cd65, 0xd3f9c66b, 0xa4b2af31, 0xadbfa43f, 0xb6a8b92d, 0xbfa5b223, 0x80868309, 0x898b8807, 0x929c9515, 0x9b919e1b, 0x7c0a47a1, 0x75074caf, 0x6e1051bd, 0x671d5ab3, 0x583e6b99, 0x51336097, 0x4a247d85, 0x4329768b, 0x34621fd1, 0x3d6f14df, 0x267809cd, 0x2f7502c3, 0x105633e9, 0x195b38e7, 0x024c25f5, 0x0b412efb, 0xd7618c9a, 0xde6c8794, 0xc57b9a86, 0xcc769188, 0xf355a0a2, 0xfa58abac, 0xe14fb6be, 0xe842bdb0, 0x9f09d4ea, 0x9604dfe4, 0x8d13c2f6, 0x841ec9f8, 0xbb3df8d2, 0xb230f3dc, 0xa927eece, 0xa02ae5c0, 0x47b13c7a, 0x4ebc3774, 0x55ab2a66, 0x5ca62168, 0x63851042, 0x6a881b4c, 0x719f065e, 0x78920d50, 0x0fd9640a, 0x06d46f04, 0x1dc37216, 0x14ce7918, 0x2bed4832, 0x22e0433c, 0x39f75e2e, 0x30fa5520, 0x9ab701ec, 0x93ba0ae2, 0x88ad17f0, 0x81a01cfe, 0xbe832dd4, 0xb78e26da, 0xac993bc8, 0xa59430c6, 0xd2df599c, 0xdbd25292, 0xc0c54f80, 0xc9c8448e, 0xf6eb75a4, 0xffe67eaa, 0xe4f163b8, 0xedfc68b6, 0x0a67b10c, 0x036aba02, 0x187da710, 0x1170ac1e, 0x2e539d34, 0x275e963a, 0x3c498b28, 0x35448026, 0x420fe97c, 0x4b02e272, 0x5015ff60, 0x5918f46e, 0x663bc544, 0x6f36ce4a, 0x7421d358, 0x7d2cd856, 0xa10c7a37, 0xa8017139, 0xb3166c2b, 0xba1b6725, 0x8538560f, 0x8c355d01, 0x97224013, 0x9e2f4b1d, 0xe9642247, 0xe0692949, 0xfb7e345b, 0xf2733f55, 0xcd500e7f, 0xc45d0571, 0xdf4a1863, 0xd647136d, 0x31dccad7, 0x38d1c1d9, 0x23c6dccb, 0x2acbd7c5, 0x15e8e6ef, 0x1ce5ede1, 0x07f2f0f3, 0x0efffbfd, 0x79b492a7, 0x70b999a9, 0x6bae84bb, 0x62a38fb5, 0x5d80be9f, 0x548db591, 0x4f9aa883, 0x4697a38d];
-
-           function convertToInt32(bytes) {
-               var result = [];
-               for (var i = 0; i < bytes.length; i += 4) {
-                   result.push(
-                       (bytes[i    ] << 24) |
-                       (bytes[i + 1] << 16) |
-                       (bytes[i + 2] <<  8) |
-                        bytes[i + 3]
-                   );
-               }
-               return result;
-           }
-
-           var AES = function(key) {
-               if (!(this instanceof AES)) {
-                   throw Error('AES must be instanitated with `new`');
-               }
-
-               Object.defineProperty(this, 'key', {
-                   value: coerceArray(key, true)
-               });
-
-               this._prepare();
-           };
-
-
-           AES.prototype._prepare = function() {
-
-               var rounds = numberOfRounds[this.key.length];
-               if (rounds == null) {
-                   throw new Error('invalid key size (must be 16, 24 or 32 bytes)');
-               }
-
-               // encryption round keys
-               this._Ke = [];
-
-               // decryption round keys
-               this._Kd = [];
-
-               for (var i = 0; i <= rounds; i++) {
-                   this._Ke.push([0, 0, 0, 0]);
-                   this._Kd.push([0, 0, 0, 0]);
-               }
-
-               var roundKeyCount = (rounds + 1) * 4;
-               var KC = this.key.length / 4;
-
-               // convert the key into ints
-               var tk = convertToInt32(this.key);
-
-               // copy values into round key arrays
-               var index;
-               for (var i = 0; i < KC; i++) {
-                   index = i >> 2;
-                   this._Ke[index][i % 4] = tk[i];
-                   this._Kd[rounds - index][i % 4] = tk[i];
-               }
-
-               // key expansion (fips-197 section 5.2)
-               var rconpointer = 0;
-               var t = KC, tt;
-               while (t < roundKeyCount) {
-                   tt = tk[KC - 1];
-                   tk[0] ^= ((S[(tt >> 16) & 0xFF] << 24) ^
-                             (S[(tt >>  8) & 0xFF] << 16) ^
-                             (S[ tt        & 0xFF] <<  8) ^
-                              S[(tt >> 24) & 0xFF]        ^
-                             (rcon[rconpointer] << 24));
-                   rconpointer += 1;
-
-                   // key expansion (for non-256 bit)
-                   if (KC != 8) {
-                       for (var i = 1; i < KC; i++) {
-                           tk[i] ^= tk[i - 1];
-                       }
-
-                   // key expansion for 256-bit keys is "slightly different" (fips-197)
-                   } else {
-                       for (var i = 1; i < (KC / 2); i++) {
-                           tk[i] ^= tk[i - 1];
-                       }
-                       tt = tk[(KC / 2) - 1];
-
-                       tk[KC / 2] ^= (S[ tt        & 0xFF]        ^
-                                     (S[(tt >>  8) & 0xFF] <<  8) ^
-                                     (S[(tt >> 16) & 0xFF] << 16) ^
-                                     (S[(tt >> 24) & 0xFF] << 24));
-
-                       for (var i = (KC / 2) + 1; i < KC; i++) {
-                           tk[i] ^= tk[i - 1];
-                       }
-                   }
-
-                   // copy values into round key arrays
-                   var i = 0, r, c;
-                   while (i < KC && t < roundKeyCount) {
-                       r = t >> 2;
-                       c = t % 4;
-                       this._Ke[r][c] = tk[i];
-                       this._Kd[rounds - r][c] = tk[i++];
-                       t++;
-                   }
-               }
-
-               // inverse-cipher-ify the decryption round key (fips-197 section 5.3)
-               for (var r = 1; r < rounds; r++) {
-                   for (var c = 0; c < 4; c++) {
-                       tt = this._Kd[r][c];
-                       this._Kd[r][c] = (U1[(tt >> 24) & 0xFF] ^
-                                         U2[(tt >> 16) & 0xFF] ^
-                                         U3[(tt >>  8) & 0xFF] ^
-                                         U4[ tt        & 0xFF]);
-                   }
-               }
-           };
-
-           AES.prototype.encrypt = function(plaintext) {
-               if (plaintext.length != 16) {
-                   throw new Error('invalid plaintext size (must be 16 bytes)');
-               }
-
-               var rounds = this._Ke.length - 1;
-               var a = [0, 0, 0, 0];
-
-               // convert plaintext to (ints ^ key)
-               var t = convertToInt32(plaintext);
-               for (var i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-                   t[i] ^= this._Ke[0][i];
-               }
-
-               // apply round transforms
-               for (var r = 1; r < rounds; r++) {
-                   for (var i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-                       a[i] = (T1[(t[ i         ] >> 24) & 0xff] ^
-                               T2[(t[(i + 1) % 4] >> 16) & 0xff] ^
-                               T3[(t[(i + 2) % 4] >>  8) & 0xff] ^
-                               T4[ t[(i + 3) % 4]        & 0xff] ^
-                               this._Ke[r][i]);
-                   }
-                   t = a.slice();
-               }
-
-               // the last round is special
-               var result = createArray(16), tt;
-               for (var i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-                   tt = this._Ke[rounds][i];
-                   result[4 * i    ] = (S[(t[ i         ] >> 24) & 0xff] ^ (tt >> 24)) & 0xff;
-                   result[4 * i + 1] = (S[(t[(i + 1) % 4] >> 16) & 0xff] ^ (tt >> 16)) & 0xff;
-                   result[4 * i + 2] = (S[(t[(i + 2) % 4] >>  8) & 0xff] ^ (tt >>  8)) & 0xff;
-                   result[4 * i + 3] = (S[ t[(i + 3) % 4]        & 0xff] ^  tt       ) & 0xff;
-               }
-
-               return result;
-           };
-
-           AES.prototype.decrypt = function(ciphertext) {
-               if (ciphertext.length != 16) {
-                   throw new Error('invalid ciphertext size (must be 16 bytes)');
-               }
-
-               var rounds = this._Kd.length - 1;
-               var a = [0, 0, 0, 0];
-
-               // convert plaintext to (ints ^ key)
-               var t = convertToInt32(ciphertext);
-               for (var i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-                   t[i] ^= this._Kd[0][i];
-               }
-
-               // apply round transforms
-               for (var r = 1; r < rounds; r++) {
-                   for (var i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-                       a[i] = (T5[(t[ i          ] >> 24) & 0xff] ^
-                               T6[(t[(i + 3) % 4] >> 16) & 0xff] ^
-                               T7[(t[(i + 2) % 4] >>  8) & 0xff] ^
-                               T8[ t[(i + 1) % 4]        & 0xff] ^
-                               this._Kd[r][i]);
-                   }
-                   t = a.slice();
-               }
-
-               // the last round is special
-               var result = createArray(16), tt;
-               for (var i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-                   tt = this._Kd[rounds][i];
-                   result[4 * i    ] = (Si[(t[ i         ] >> 24) & 0xff] ^ (tt >> 24)) & 0xff;
-                   result[4 * i + 1] = (Si[(t[(i + 3) % 4] >> 16) & 0xff] ^ (tt >> 16)) & 0xff;
-                   result[4 * i + 2] = (Si[(t[(i + 2) % 4] >>  8) & 0xff] ^ (tt >>  8)) & 0xff;
-                   result[4 * i + 3] = (Si[ t[(i + 1) % 4]        & 0xff] ^  tt       ) & 0xff;
-               }
-
-               return result;
-           };
-
-
-           /**
-            *  Mode Of Operation - Electonic Codebook (ECB)
-            */
-           var ModeOfOperationECB = function(key) {
-               if (!(this instanceof ModeOfOperationECB)) {
-                   throw Error('AES must be instanitated with `new`');
-               }
-
-               this.description = "Electronic Code Block";
-               this.name = "ecb";
-
-               this._aes = new AES(key);
-           };
-
-           ModeOfOperationECB.prototype.encrypt = function(plaintext) {
-               plaintext = coerceArray(plaintext);
-
-               if ((plaintext.length % 16) !== 0) {
-                   throw new Error('invalid plaintext size (must be multiple of 16 bytes)');
-               }
-
-               var ciphertext = createArray(plaintext.length);
-               var block = createArray(16);
-
-               for (var i = 0; i < plaintext.length; i += 16) {
-                   copyArray(plaintext, block, 0, i, i + 16);
-                   block = this._aes.encrypt(block);
-                   copyArray(block, ciphertext, i);
-               }
-
-               return ciphertext;
-           };
-
-           ModeOfOperationECB.prototype.decrypt = function(ciphertext) {
-               ciphertext = coerceArray(ciphertext);
-
-               if ((ciphertext.length % 16) !== 0) {
-                   throw new Error('invalid ciphertext size (must be multiple of 16 bytes)');
-               }
-
-               var plaintext = createArray(ciphertext.length);
-               var block = createArray(16);
-
-               for (var i = 0; i < ciphertext.length; i += 16) {
-                   copyArray(ciphertext, block, 0, i, i + 16);
-                   block = this._aes.decrypt(block);
-                   copyArray(block, plaintext, i);
-               }
-
-               return plaintext;
-           };
-
-
-           /**
-            *  Mode Of Operation - Cipher Block Chaining (CBC)
-            */
-           var ModeOfOperationCBC = function(key, iv) {
-               if (!(this instanceof ModeOfOperationCBC)) {
-                   throw Error('AES must be instanitated with `new`');
-               }
-
-               this.description = "Cipher Block Chaining";
-               this.name = "cbc";
-
-               if (!iv) {
-                   iv = createArray(16);
-
-               } else if (iv.length != 16) {
-                   throw new Error('invalid initialation vector size (must be 16 bytes)');
-               }
-
-               this._lastCipherblock = coerceArray(iv, true);
-
-               this._aes = new AES(key);
-           };
-
-           ModeOfOperationCBC.prototype.encrypt = function(plaintext) {
-               plaintext = coerceArray(plaintext);
-
-               if ((plaintext.length % 16) !== 0) {
-                   throw new Error('invalid plaintext size (must be multiple of 16 bytes)');
-               }
-
-               var ciphertext = createArray(plaintext.length);
-               var block = createArray(16);
-
-               for (var i = 0; i < plaintext.length; i += 16) {
-                   copyArray(plaintext, block, 0, i, i + 16);
-
-                   for (var j = 0; j < 16; j++) {
-                       block[j] ^= this._lastCipherblock[j];
-                   }
-
-                   this._lastCipherblock = this._aes.encrypt(block);
-                   copyArray(this._lastCipherblock, ciphertext, i);
-               }
-
-               return ciphertext;
-           };
-
-           ModeOfOperationCBC.prototype.decrypt = function(ciphertext) {
-               ciphertext = coerceArray(ciphertext);
-
-               if ((ciphertext.length % 16) !== 0) {
-                   throw new Error('invalid ciphertext size (must be multiple of 16 bytes)');
-               }
-
-               var plaintext = createArray(ciphertext.length);
-               var block = createArray(16);
-
-               for (var i = 0; i < ciphertext.length; i += 16) {
-                   copyArray(ciphertext, block, 0, i, i + 16);
-                   block = this._aes.decrypt(block);
-
-                   for (var j = 0; j < 16; j++) {
-                       plaintext[i + j] = block[j] ^ this._lastCipherblock[j];
-                   }
-
-                   copyArray(ciphertext, this._lastCipherblock, 0, i, i + 16);
-               }
-
-               return plaintext;
-           };
-
-
-           /**
-            *  Mode Of Operation - Cipher Feedback (CFB)
-            */
-           var ModeOfOperationCFB = function(key, iv, segmentSize) {
-               if (!(this instanceof ModeOfOperationCFB)) {
-                   throw Error('AES must be instanitated with `new`');
-               }
-
-               this.description = "Cipher Feedback";
-               this.name = "cfb";
-
-               if (!iv) {
-                   iv = createArray(16);
-
-               } else if (iv.length != 16) {
-                   throw new Error('invalid initialation vector size (must be 16 size)');
-               }
-
-               if (!segmentSize) { segmentSize = 1; }
-
-               this.segmentSize = segmentSize;
-
-               this._shiftRegister = coerceArray(iv, true);
-
-               this._aes = new AES(key);
-           };
-
-           ModeOfOperationCFB.prototype.encrypt = function(plaintext) {
-               if ((plaintext.length % this.segmentSize) != 0) {
-                   throw new Error('invalid plaintext size (must be segmentSize bytes)');
-               }
-
-               var encrypted = coerceArray(plaintext, true);
-
-               var xorSegment;
-               for (var i = 0; i < encrypted.length; i += this.segmentSize) {
-                   xorSegment = this._aes.encrypt(this._shiftRegister);
-                   for (var j = 0; j < this.segmentSize; j++) {
-                       encrypted[i + j] ^= xorSegment[j];
-                   }
-
-                   // Shift the register
-                   copyArray(this._shiftRegister, this._shiftRegister, 0, this.segmentSize);
-                   copyArray(encrypted, this._shiftRegister, 16 - this.segmentSize, i, i + this.segmentSize);
-               }
-
-               return encrypted;
-           };
-
-           ModeOfOperationCFB.prototype.decrypt = function(ciphertext) {
-               if ((ciphertext.length % this.segmentSize) != 0) {
-                   throw new Error('invalid ciphertext size (must be segmentSize bytes)');
-               }
-
-               var plaintext = coerceArray(ciphertext, true);
-
-               var xorSegment;
-               for (var i = 0; i < plaintext.length; i += this.segmentSize) {
-                   xorSegment = this._aes.encrypt(this._shiftRegister);
-
-                   for (var j = 0; j < this.segmentSize; j++) {
-                       plaintext[i + j] ^= xorSegment[j];
-                   }
-
-                   // Shift the register
-                   copyArray(this._shiftRegister, this._shiftRegister, 0, this.segmentSize);
-                   copyArray(ciphertext, this._shiftRegister, 16 - this.segmentSize, i, i + this.segmentSize);
-               }
-
-               return plaintext;
-           };
-
-           /**
-            *  Mode Of Operation - Output Feedback (OFB)
-            */
-           var ModeOfOperationOFB = function(key, iv) {
-               if (!(this instanceof ModeOfOperationOFB)) {
-                   throw Error('AES must be instanitated with `new`');
-               }
-
-               this.description = "Output Feedback";
-               this.name = "ofb";
-
-               if (!iv) {
-                   iv = createArray(16);
-
-               } else if (iv.length != 16) {
-                   throw new Error('invalid initialation vector size (must be 16 bytes)');
-               }
-
-               this._lastPrecipher = coerceArray(iv, true);
-               this._lastPrecipherIndex = 16;
-
-               this._aes = new AES(key);
-           };
-
-           ModeOfOperationOFB.prototype.encrypt = function(plaintext) {
-               var encrypted = coerceArray(plaintext, true);
-
-               for (var i = 0; i < encrypted.length; i++) {
-                   if (this._lastPrecipherIndex === 16) {
-                       this._lastPrecipher = this._aes.encrypt(this._lastPrecipher);
-                       this._lastPrecipherIndex = 0;
-                   }
-                   encrypted[i] ^= this._lastPrecipher[this._lastPrecipherIndex++];
-               }
-
-               return encrypted;
-           };
-
-           // Decryption is symetric
-           ModeOfOperationOFB.prototype.decrypt = ModeOfOperationOFB.prototype.encrypt;
-
-
-           /**
-            *  Counter object for CTR common mode of operation
-            */
-           var Counter = function(initialValue) {
-               if (!(this instanceof Counter)) {
-                   throw Error('Counter must be instanitated with `new`');
-               }
-
-               // We allow 0, but anything false-ish uses the default 1
-               if (initialValue !== 0 && !initialValue) { initialValue = 1; }
-
-               if (typeof(initialValue) === 'number') {
-                   this._counter = createArray(16);
-                   this.setValue(initialValue);
-
-               } else {
-                   this.setBytes(initialValue);
-               }
-           };
-
-           Counter.prototype.setValue = function(value) {
-               if (typeof(value) !== 'number' || parseInt(value) != value) {
-                   throw new Error('invalid counter value (must be an integer)');
-               }
-
-               // We cannot safely handle numbers beyond the safe range for integers
-               if (value > Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER) {
-                   throw new Error('integer value out of safe range');
-               }
-
-               for (var index = 15; index >= 0; --index) {
-                   this._counter[index] = value % 256;
-                   value = parseInt(value / 256);
-               }
-           };
-
-           Counter.prototype.setBytes = function(bytes) {
-               bytes = coerceArray(bytes, true);
-
-               if (bytes.length != 16) {
-                   throw new Error('invalid counter bytes size (must be 16 bytes)');
-               }
-
-               this._counter = bytes;
-           };
-
-           Counter.prototype.increment = function() {
-               for (var i = 15; i >= 0; i--) {
-                   if (this._counter[i] === 255) {
-                       this._counter[i] = 0;
-                   } else {
-                       this._counter[i]++;
-                       break;
-                   }
-               }
-           };
-
-
-           /**
-            *  Mode Of Operation - Counter (CTR)
-            */
-           var ModeOfOperationCTR = function(key, counter) {
-               if (!(this instanceof ModeOfOperationCTR)) {
-                   throw Error('AES must be instanitated with `new`');
-               }
-
-               this.description = "Counter";
-               this.name = "ctr";
-
-               if (!(counter instanceof Counter)) {
-                   counter = new Counter(counter);
-               }
-
-               this._counter = counter;
-
-               this._remainingCounter = null;
-               this._remainingCounterIndex = 16;
-
-               this._aes = new AES(key);
-           };
-
-           ModeOfOperationCTR.prototype.encrypt = function(plaintext) {
-               var encrypted = coerceArray(plaintext, true);
-
-               for (var i = 0; i < encrypted.length; i++) {
-                   if (this._remainingCounterIndex === 16) {
-                       this._remainingCounter = this._aes.encrypt(this._counter._counter);
-                       this._remainingCounterIndex = 0;
-                       this._counter.increment();
-                   }
-                   encrypted[i] ^= this._remainingCounter[this._remainingCounterIndex++];
-               }
-
-               return encrypted;
-           };
-
-           // Decryption is symetric
-           ModeOfOperationCTR.prototype.decrypt = ModeOfOperationCTR.prototype.encrypt;
-
-
-           ///////////////////////
-           // Padding
-
-           // See:https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2315
-           function pkcs7pad(data) {
-               data = coerceArray(data, true);
-               var padder = 16 - (data.length % 16);
-               var result = createArray(data.length + padder);
-               copyArray(data, result);
-               for (var i = data.length; i < result.length; i++) {
-                   result[i] = padder;
-               }
-               return result;
-           }
-
-           function pkcs7strip(data) {
-               data = coerceArray(data, true);
-               if (data.length < 16) { throw new Error('PKCS#7 invalid length'); }
-
-               var padder = data[data.length - 1];
-               if (padder > 16) { throw new Error('PKCS#7 padding byte out of range'); }
-
-               var length = data.length - padder;
-               for (var i = 0; i < padder; i++) {
-                   if (data[length + i] !== padder) {
-                       throw new Error('PKCS#7 invalid padding byte');
-                   }
-               }
-
-               var result = createArray(length);
-               copyArray(data, result, 0, 0, length);
-               return result;
-           }
-
-           ///////////////////////
-           // Exporting
-
-
-           // The block cipher
-           var aesjs = {
-               AES: AES,
-               Counter: Counter,
-
-               ModeOfOperation: {
-                   ecb: ModeOfOperationECB,
-                   cbc: ModeOfOperationCBC,
-                   cfb: ModeOfOperationCFB,
-                   ofb: ModeOfOperationOFB,
-                   ctr: ModeOfOperationCTR
-               },
-
-               utils: {
-                   hex: convertHex,
-                   utf8: convertUtf8
-               },
-
-               padding: {
-                   pkcs7: {
-                       pad: pkcs7pad,
-                       strip: pkcs7strip
-                   }
-               },
-
-               _arrayTest: {
-                   coerceArray: coerceArray,
-                   createArray: createArray,
-                   copyArray: copyArray,
-               }
-           };
-
-
-           // node.js
-           {
-               module.exports = aesjs;
-
-           // RequireJS/AMD
-           // http://www.requirejs.org/docs/api.html
-           // https://github.com/amdjs/amdjs-api/wiki/AMD
-           }
-
-
-       })();
-       });
-
-       // See https://github.com/ricmoo/aes-js
-       // We can use keys that are 128 bits (16 bytes), 192 bits (24 bytes) or 256 bits (32 bytes).
-       // To generate a random key:  window.crypto.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(16));
-
-       // This default signing key is built into iD and can be used to mask/unmask sensitive values.
-       const DEFAULT_128 = [250, 157, 60, 79, 142, 134, 229, 129, 138, 126, 210, 129, 29, 71, 160, 208];
-
-
-       function utilAesEncrypt(text, key) {
-         key = key || DEFAULT_128;
-         const textBytes = aesJs.utils.utf8.toBytes(text);
-         const aesCtr = new aesJs.ModeOfOperation.ctr(key);
-         const encryptedBytes = aesCtr.encrypt(textBytes);
-         const encryptedHex = aesJs.utils.hex.fromBytes(encryptedBytes);
-         return encryptedHex;
-       }
-
-
-       function utilAesDecrypt(encryptedHex, key) {
-         key = key || DEFAULT_128;
-         const encryptedBytes = aesJs.utils.hex.toBytes(encryptedHex);
-         const aesCtr = new aesJs.ModeOfOperation.ctr(key);
-         const decryptedBytes = aesCtr.decrypt(encryptedBytes);
-         const text = aesJs.utils.utf8.fromBytes(decryptedBytes);
-         return text;
-       }
-
-       function utilCleanTags(tags) {
-           var out = {};
-           for (var k in tags) {
-               if (!k) continue;
-               var v = tags[k];
-               if (v !== undefined) {
-                   out[k] = cleanValue(k, v);
-               }
-           }
-
-           return out;
-
-
-           function cleanValue(k, v) {
-               function keepSpaces(k) {
-                   return /_hours|_times|:conditional$/.test(k);
-               }
-
-               function skip(k) {
-                   return /^(description|note|fixme)$/.test(k);
-               }
-
-               if (skip(k)) return v;
-
-               var cleaned = v
-                   .split(';')
-                   .map(function(s) { return s.trim(); })
-                   .join(keepSpaces(k) ? '; ' : ';');
-
-               // The code below is not intended to validate websites and emails.
-               // It is only intended to prevent obvious copy-paste errors. (#2323)
-               // clean website- and email-like tags
-               if (k.indexOf('website') !== -1 ||
-                   k.indexOf('email') !== -1 ||
-                   cleaned.indexOf('http') === 0) {
-                   cleaned = cleaned
-                       .replace(/[\u200B-\u200F\uFEFF]/g, '');  // strip LRM and other zero width chars
-
-               }
-
-               return cleaned;
-           }
-       }
-
-       // Like selection.property('value', ...), but avoids no-op value sets,
-       // which can result in layout/repaint thrashing in some situations.
-       function utilGetSetValue(selection, value) {
-           function d3_selection_value(value) {
-               function valueNull() {
-                   delete this.value;
-               }
-
-               function valueConstant() {
-                   if (this.value !== value) {
-                       this.value = value;
-                   }
-               }
-
-               function valueFunction() {
-                   var x = value.apply(this, arguments);
-                   if (x == null) {
-                       delete this.value;
-                   } else if (this.value !== x) {
-                       this.value = x;
-                   }
-               }
-
-               return value == null
-                   ? valueNull : (typeof value === 'function'
-                   ? valueFunction : valueConstant);
-           }
-
-           if (arguments.length === 1) {
-               return selection.property('value');
-           }
-
-           return selection.each(d3_selection_value(value));
-       }
-
-       function utilKeybinding(namespace) {
-           var _keybindings = {};
-
-
-           function testBindings(isCapturing) {
-               var didMatch = false;
-               var bindings = Object.keys(_keybindings).map(function(id) { return _keybindings[id]; });
-               var i, binding;
-
-               // Most key shortcuts will accept either lower or uppercase ('h' or 'H'),
-               // so we don't strictly match on the shift key, but we prioritize
-               // shifted keybindings first, and fallback to unshifted only if no match.
-               // (This lets us differentiate between '←'/'⇧←' or '⌘Z'/'⌘⇧Z')
-
-               // priority match shifted keybindings first
-               for (i = 0; i < bindings.length; i++) {
-                   binding = bindings[i];
-                   if (!binding.event.modifiers.shiftKey) continue;  // no shift
-                   if (!!binding.capture !== isCapturing) continue;
-                   if (matches(binding, true)) {
-                       binding.callback();
-                       didMatch = true;
-                   }
-               }
-
-               // then unshifted keybindings
-               if (didMatch) return;
-               for (i = 0; i < bindings.length; i++) {
-                   binding = bindings[i];
-                   if (binding.event.modifiers.shiftKey) continue;   // shift
-                   if (!!binding.capture !== isCapturing) continue;
-                   if (matches(binding, false)) {
-                       binding.callback();
-                   }
-               }
-
-
-               function matches(binding, testShift) {
-                   var event$1 = event;
-                   var isMatch = false;
-                   var tryKeyCode = true;
-
-                   // Prefer a match on `KeyboardEvent.key`
-                   if (event$1.key !== undefined) {
-                       tryKeyCode = (event$1.key.charCodeAt(0) > 255);  // outside ISO-Latin-1
-                       isMatch = true;
-
-                       if (binding.event.key === undefined) {
-                           isMatch = false;
-                       } else if (Array.isArray(binding.event.key)) {
-                           if (binding.event.key.map(function(s) { return s.toLowerCase(); }).indexOf(event$1.key.toLowerCase()) === -1)
-                               isMatch = false;
-                       } else {
-                           if (event$1.key.toLowerCase() !== binding.event.key.toLowerCase())
-                               isMatch = false;
-                       }
-                   }
-
-                   // Fallback match on `KeyboardEvent.keyCode`, can happen if:
-                   // - browser doesn't support `KeyboardEvent.key`
-                   // - `KeyboardEvent.key` is outside ISO-Latin-1 range (cyrillic?)
-                   if (!isMatch && tryKeyCode) {
-                       isMatch = (event$1.keyCode === binding.event.keyCode);
-                   }
-
-                   if (!isMatch) return false;
-
-                   // test modifier keys
-                   if (!(event$1.ctrlKey && event$1.altKey)) {  // if both are set, assume AltGr and skip it - #4096
-                       if (event$1.ctrlKey !== binding.event.modifiers.ctrlKey) return false;
-                       if (event$1.altKey !== binding.event.modifiers.altKey) return false;
-                   }
-                   if (event$1.metaKey !== binding.event.modifiers.metaKey) return false;
-                   if (testShift && event$1.shiftKey !== binding.event.modifiers.shiftKey) return false;
-
-                   return true;
-               }
-           }
-
-
-           function capture() {
-               testBindings(true);
-           }
-
-
-           function bubble() {
-               var tagName = select(event.target).node().tagName;
-               if (tagName === 'INPUT' || tagName === 'SELECT' || tagName === 'TEXTAREA') {
-                   return;
-               }
-               testBindings(false);
-           }
-
-
-           function keybinding(selection) {
-               selection = selection || select(document);
-               selection.on('keydown.capture.' + namespace, capture, true);
-               selection.on('keydown.bubble.' + namespace, bubble, false);
-               return keybinding;
-           }
-
-           // was: keybinding.off()
-           keybinding.unbind = function(selection) {
-               _keybindings = [];
-               selection = selection || select(document);
-               selection.on('keydown.capture.' + namespace, null);
-               selection.on('keydown.bubble.' + namespace, null);
-               return keybinding;
-           };
-
-
-           keybinding.clear = function() {
-               _keybindings = {};
-               return keybinding;
-           };
-
-
-           // Remove one or more keycode bindings.
-           keybinding.off = function(codes, capture) {
-               var arr = utilArrayUniq([].concat(codes));
-
-               for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
-                   var id = arr[i] + (capture ? '-capture' : '-bubble');
-                   delete _keybindings[id];
-               }
-               return keybinding;
-           };
-
-
-           // Add one or more keycode bindings.
-           keybinding.on = function(codes, callback, capture) {
-               if (typeof callback !== 'function') {
-                   return keybinding.off(codes, capture);
-               }
-
-               var arr = utilArrayUniq([].concat(codes));
-
-               for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
-                   var id = arr[i] + (capture ? '-capture' : '-bubble');
-                   var binding = {
-                       id: id,
-                       capture: capture,
-                       callback: callback,
-                       event: {
-                           key: undefined,  // preferred
-                           keyCode: 0,      // fallback
-                           modifiers: {
-                               shiftKey: false,
-                               ctrlKey: false,
-                               altKey: false,
-                               metaKey: false
-                           }
-                       }
-                   };
-
-                   if (_keybindings[id]) {
-                       console.warn('warning: duplicate keybinding for "' + id + '"'); // eslint-disable-line no-console
-                   }
-
-                   _keybindings[id] = binding;
-
-                   var matches = arr[i].toLowerCase().match(/(?:(?:[^+⇧⌃⌥⌘])+|[⇧⌃⌥⌘]|\+\+|^\+$)/g);
-                   for (var j = 0; j < matches.length; j++) {
-                       // Normalise matching errors
-                       if (matches[j] === '++') matches[j] = '+';
-
-                       if (matches[j] in utilKeybinding.modifierCodes) {
-                           var prop = utilKeybinding.modifierProperties[utilKeybinding.modifierCodes[matches[j]]];
-                           binding.event.modifiers[prop] = true;
-                       } else {
-                           binding.event.key = utilKeybinding.keys[matches[j]] || matches[j];
-                           if (matches[j] in utilKeybinding.keyCodes) {
-                               binding.event.keyCode = utilKeybinding.keyCodes[matches[j]];
-                           }
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
-
-               return keybinding;
-           };
-
-
-           return keybinding;
-       }
-
-
-       /*
-        * See https://github.com/keithamus/jwerty
-        */
-
-       utilKeybinding.modifierCodes = {
-           // Shift key, ⇧
-           '⇧': 16, shift: 16,
-           // CTRL key, on Mac: ⌃
-           '⌃': 17, ctrl: 17,
-           // ALT key, on Mac: ⌥ (Alt)
-           '⌥': 18, alt: 18, option: 18,
-           // META, on Mac: ⌘ (CMD), on Windows (Win), on Linux (Super)
-           '⌘': 91, meta: 91, cmd: 91, 'super': 91, win: 91
-       };
-
-       utilKeybinding.modifierProperties = {
-           16: 'shiftKey',
-           17: 'ctrlKey',
-           18: 'altKey',
-           91: 'metaKey'
-       };
-
-       utilKeybinding.keys = {
-           // Backspace key, on Mac: ⌫ (Backspace)
-           '⌫': 'Backspace', backspace: 'Backspace',
-           // Tab Key, on Mac: ⇥ (Tab), on Windows ⇥⇥
-           '⇥': 'Tab', '⇆': 'Tab', tab: 'Tab',
-           // Return key, ↩
-           '↩': 'Enter', 'return': 'Enter', enter: 'Enter', '⌅': 'Enter',
-           // Pause/Break key
-           'pause': 'Pause', 'pause-break': 'Pause',
-           // Caps Lock key, ⇪
-           '⇪': 'CapsLock', caps: 'CapsLock', 'caps-lock': 'CapsLock',
-           // Escape key, on Mac: ⎋, on Windows: Esc
-           '⎋': ['Escape', 'Esc'], escape: ['Escape', 'Esc'], esc: ['Escape', 'Esc'],
-           // Space key
-           space: [' ', 'Spacebar'],
-           // Page-Up key, or pgup, on Mac: ↖
-           '↖': 'PageUp', pgup: 'PageUp', 'page-up': 'PageUp',
-           // Page-Down key, or pgdown, on Mac: ↘
-           '↘': 'PageDown', pgdown: 'PageDown', 'page-down': 'PageDown',
-           // END key, on Mac: ⇟
-           '⇟': 'End', end: 'End',
-           // HOME key, on Mac: ⇞
-           '⇞': 'Home', home: 'Home',
-           // Insert key, or ins
-           ins: 'Insert', insert: 'Insert',
-           // Delete key, on Mac: ⌦ (Delete)
-           '⌦': ['Delete', 'Del'], del: ['Delete', 'Del'], 'delete': ['Delete', 'Del'],
-           // Left Arrow Key, or ←
-           '←': ['ArrowLeft', 'Left'], left: ['ArrowLeft', 'Left'], 'arrow-left': ['ArrowLeft', 'Left'],
-           // Up Arrow Key, or ↑
-           '↑': ['ArrowUp', 'Up'], up: ['ArrowUp', 'Up'], 'arrow-up': ['ArrowUp', 'Up'],
-           // Right Arrow Key, or →
-           '→': ['ArrowRight', 'Right'], right: ['ArrowRight', 'Right'], 'arrow-right': ['ArrowRight', 'Right'],
-           // Up Arrow Key, or ↓
-           '↓': ['ArrowDown', 'Down'], down: ['ArrowDown', 'Down'], 'arrow-down': ['ArrowDown', 'Down'],
-           // odities, stuff for backward compatibility (browsers and code):
-           // Num-Multiply, or *
-           '*': ['*', 'Multiply'], star: ['*', 'Multiply'], asterisk: ['*', 'Multiply'], multiply: ['*', 'Multiply'],
-           // Num-Plus or +
-           '+': ['+', 'Add'], 'plus': ['+', 'Add'],
-           // Num-Subtract, or -
-           '-': ['-', 'Subtract'], subtract: ['-', 'Subtract'], 'dash': ['-', 'Subtract'],
-           // Semicolon
-           semicolon: ';',
-           // = or equals
-           equals: '=',
-           // Comma, or ,
-           comma: ',',
-           // Period, or ., or full-stop
-           period: '.', 'full-stop': '.',
-           // Slash, or /, or forward-slash
-           slash: '/', 'forward-slash': '/',
-           // Tick, or `, or back-quote
-           tick: '`', 'back-quote': '`',
-           // Open bracket, or [
-           'open-bracket': '[',
-           // Back slash, or \
-           'back-slash': '\\',
-           // Close backet, or ]
-           'close-bracket': ']',
-           // Apostrophe, or Quote, or '
-           quote: '\'', apostrophe: '\'',
-           // NUMPAD 0-9
-           'num-0': '0',
-           'num-1': '1',
-           'num-2': '2',
-           'num-3': '3',
-           'num-4': '4',
-           'num-5': '5',
-           'num-6': '6',
-           'num-7': '7',
-           'num-8': '8',
-           'num-9': '9',
-           // F1-F25
-           f1: 'F1',
-           f2: 'F2',
-           f3: 'F3',
-           f4: 'F4',
-           f5: 'F5',
-           f6: 'F6',
-           f7: 'F7',
-           f8: 'F8',
-           f9: 'F9',
-           f10: 'F10',
-           f11: 'F11',
-           f12: 'F12',
-           f13: 'F13',
-           f14: 'F14',
-           f15: 'F15',
-           f16: 'F16',
-           f17: 'F17',
-           f18: 'F18',
-           f19: 'F19',
-           f20: 'F20',
-           f21: 'F21',
-           f22: 'F22',
-           f23: 'F23',
-           f24: 'F24',
-           f25: 'F25'
-       };
-
-       utilKeybinding.keyCodes = {
-           // Backspace key, on Mac: ⌫ (Backspace)
-           '⌫': 8, backspace: 8,
-           // Tab Key, on Mac: ⇥ (Tab), on Windows ⇥⇥
-           '⇥': 9, '⇆': 9, tab: 9,
-           // Return key, ↩
-           '↩': 13, 'return': 13, enter: 13, '⌅': 13,
-           // Pause/Break key
-           'pause': 19, 'pause-break': 19,
-           // Caps Lock key, ⇪
-           '⇪': 20, caps: 20, 'caps-lock': 20,
-           // Escape key, on Mac: ⎋, on Windows: Esc
-           '⎋': 27, escape: 27, esc: 27,
-           // Space key
-           space: 32,
-           // Page-Up key, or pgup, on Mac: ↖
-           '↖': 33, pgup: 33, 'page-up': 33,
-           // Page-Down key, or pgdown, on Mac: ↘
-           '↘': 34, pgdown: 34, 'page-down': 34,
-           // END key, on Mac: ⇟
-           '⇟': 35, end: 35,
-           // HOME key, on Mac: ⇞
-           '⇞': 36, home: 36,
-           // Insert key, or ins
-           ins: 45, insert: 45,
-           // Delete key, on Mac: ⌦ (Delete)
-           '⌦': 46, del: 46, 'delete': 46,
-           // Left Arrow Key, or ←
-           '←': 37, left: 37, 'arrow-left': 37,
-           // Up Arrow Key, or ↑
-           '↑': 38, up: 38, 'arrow-up': 38,
-           // Right Arrow Key, or →
-           '→': 39, right: 39, 'arrow-right': 39,
-           // Up Arrow Key, or ↓
-           '↓': 40, down: 40, 'arrow-down': 40,
-           // odities, printing characters that come out wrong:
-           // Firefox Equals
-           'ffequals': 61,
-           // Num-Multiply, or *
-           '*': 106, star: 106, asterisk: 106, multiply: 106,
-           // Num-Plus or +
-           '+': 107, 'plus': 107,
-           // Num-Subtract, or -
-           '-': 109, subtract: 109,
-           // Firefox Plus
-           'ffplus': 171,
-           // Firefox Minus
-           'ffminus': 173,
-           // Semicolon
-           ';': 186, semicolon: 186,
-           // = or equals
-           '=': 187, 'equals': 187,
-           // Comma, or ,
-           ',': 188, comma: 188,
-           // Dash / Underscore key
-           'dash': 189,
-           // Period, or ., or full-stop
-           '.': 190, period: 190, 'full-stop': 190,
-           // Slash, or /, or forward-slash
-           '/': 191, slash: 191, 'forward-slash': 191,
-           // Tick, or `, or back-quote
-           '`': 192, tick: 192, 'back-quote': 192,
-           // Open bracket, or [
-           '[': 219, 'open-bracket': 219,
-           // Back slash, or \
-           '\\': 220, 'back-slash': 220,
-           // Close backet, or ]
-           ']': 221, 'close-bracket': 221,
-           // Apostrophe, or Quote, or '
-           '\'': 222, quote: 222, apostrophe: 222
-       };
-
-       // NUMPAD 0-9
-       var i$2 = 95, n = 0;
-       while (++i$2 < 106) {
-           utilKeybinding.keyCodes['num-' + n] = i$2;
-           ++n;
-       }
-
-       // 0-9
-       i$2 = 47; n = 0;
-       while (++i$2 < 58) {
-           utilKeybinding.keyCodes[n] = i$2;
-           ++n;
-       }
-
-       // F1-F25
-       i$2 = 111; n = 1;
-       while (++i$2 < 136) {
-           utilKeybinding.keyCodes['f' + n] = i$2;
-           ++n;
-       }
-
-       // a-z
-       i$2 = 64;
-       while (++i$2 < 91) {
-           utilKeybinding.keyCodes[String.fromCharCode(i$2).toLowerCase()] = i$2;
-       }
-
-       function utilObjectOmit(obj, omitKeys) {
-           return Object.keys(obj).reduce(function(result, key) {
-               if (omitKeys.indexOf(key) === -1) {
-                   result[key] = obj[key];  // keep
-               }
-               return result;
-           }, {});
-       }
-
-       // Copies a variable number of methods from source to target.
-       function utilRebind(target, source) {
-           var i = 1, n = arguments.length, method;
-           while (++i < n) {
-               target[method = arguments[i]] = d3_rebind(target, source, source[method]);
-           }
-           return target;
-       }
-
-       // Method is assumed to be a standard D3 getter-setter:
-       // If passed with no arguments, gets the value.
-       // If passed with arguments, sets the value and returns the target.
-       function d3_rebind(target, source, method) {
-           return function() {
-               var value = method.apply(source, arguments);
-               return value === source ? target : value;
-           };
-       }
-
-       // A per-domain session mutex backed by a cookie and dead man's
-       // switch. If the session crashes, the mutex will auto-release
-       // after 5 seconds.
-
-       // This accepts a string and returns an object that complies with utilSessionMutexType
-       function utilSessionMutex(name) {
-           var mutex = {};
-           var intervalID;
-
-           function renew() {
-               var expires = new Date();
-               expires.setSeconds(expires.getSeconds() + 5);
-               document.cookie = name + '=1; expires=' + expires.toUTCString() + '; sameSite=strict';
-           }
-
-           mutex.lock = function () {
-               if (intervalID) return true;
-               var cookie = document.cookie.replace(new RegExp('(?:(?:^|.*;)\\s*' + name + '\\s*\\=\\s*([^;]*).*$)|^.*$'), '$1');
-               if (cookie) return false;
-               renew();
-               intervalID = window.setInterval(renew, 4000);
-               return true;
-           };
-
-           mutex.unlock = function () {
-               if (!intervalID) return;
-               document.cookie = name + '=; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT; sameSite=strict';
-               clearInterval(intervalID);
-               intervalID = null;
-           };
-
-           mutex.locked = function () {
-               return !!intervalID;
-           };
-
-           return mutex;
-       }
-
-       function utilTiler() {
-           var _size = [256, 256];
-           var _scale = 256;
-           var _tileSize = 256;
-           var _zoomExtent = [0, 20];
-           var _translate = [_size[0] / 2, _size[1] / 2];
-           var _margin = 0;
-           var _skipNullIsland = false;
-
-
-           function clamp(num, min, max) {
-               return Math.max(min, Math.min(num, max));
-           }
-
-
-           function nearNullIsland(tile) {
-               var x = tile[0];
-               var y = tile[1];
-               var z = tile[2];
-               if (z >= 7) {
-                   var center = Math.pow(2, z - 1);
-                   var width = Math.pow(2, z - 6);
-                   var min = center - (width / 2);
-                   var max = center + (width / 2) - 1;
-                   return x >= min && x <= max && y >= min && y <= max;
-               }
-               return false;
-           }
-
-
-           function tiler() {
-               var z = geoScaleToZoom(_scale / (2 * Math.PI), _tileSize);
-               var z0 = clamp(Math.round(z), _zoomExtent[0], _zoomExtent[1]);
-               var tileMin = 0;
-               var tileMax = Math.pow(2, z0) - 1;
-               var log2ts = Math.log(_tileSize) * Math.LOG2E;
-               var k = Math.pow(2, z - z0 + log2ts);
-               var origin = [
-                   (_translate[0] - _scale / 2) / k,
-                   (_translate[1] - _scale / 2) / k
-               ];
-
-               var cols = range$1(
-                   clamp(Math.floor(-origin[0]) - _margin,               tileMin, tileMax + 1),
-                   clamp(Math.ceil(_size[0] / k - origin[0]) + _margin,  tileMin, tileMax + 1)
-               );
-               var rows = range$1(
-                   clamp(Math.floor(-origin[1]) - _margin,               tileMin, tileMax + 1),
-                   clamp(Math.ceil(_size[1] / k - origin[1]) + _margin,  tileMin, tileMax + 1)
-               );
-
-               var tiles = [];
-               for (var i = 0; i < rows.length; i++) {
-                   var y = rows[i];
-                   for (var j = 0; j < cols.length; j++) {
-                       var x = cols[j];
-
-                       if (i >= _margin && i <= rows.length - _margin &&
-                           j >= _margin && j <= cols.length - _margin) {
-                           tiles.unshift([x, y, z0]);  // tiles in view at beginning
-                       } else {
-                           tiles.push([x, y, z0]);     // tiles in margin at the end
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
-
-               tiles.translate = origin;
-               tiles.scale = k;
-
-               return tiles;
-           }
-
-
-           /**
-            * getTiles() returns an array of tiles that cover the map view
-            */
-           tiler.getTiles = function(projection) {
-               var origin = [
-                   projection.scale() * Math.PI - projection.translate()[0],
-                   projection.scale() * Math.PI - projection.translate()[1]
-               ];
-
-               this
-                   .size(projection.clipExtent()[1])
-                   .scale(projection.scale() * 2 * Math.PI)
-                   .translate(projection.translate());
-
-               var tiles = tiler();
-               var ts = tiles.scale;
-
-               return tiles
-                   .map(function(tile) {
-                       if (_skipNullIsland && nearNullIsland(tile)) {
-                           return false;
-                       }
-                       var x = tile[0] * ts - origin[0];
-                       var y = tile[1] * ts - origin[1];
-                       return {
-                           id: tile.toString(),
-                           xyz: tile,
-                           extent: geoExtent(
-                               projection.invert([x, y + ts]),
-                               projection.invert([x + ts, y])
-                           )
-                       };
-                   }).filter(Boolean);
-           };
-
-
-           /**
-            * getGeoJSON() returns a FeatureCollection for debugging tiles
-            */
-           tiler.getGeoJSON = function(projection) {
-               var features = tiler.getTiles(projection).map(function(tile) {
-                   return {
-                       type: 'Feature',
-                       properties: {
-                           id: tile.id,
-                           name: tile.id
-                       },
-                       geometry: {
-                           type: 'Polygon',
-                           coordinates: [ tile.extent.polygon() ]
-                       }
-                   };
-               });
-
-               return {
-                   type: 'FeatureCollection',
-                   features: features
-               };
-           };
-
-
-           tiler.tileSize = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _tileSize;
-               _tileSize = val;
-               return tiler;
-           };
-
-
-           tiler.zoomExtent = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _zoomExtent;
-               _zoomExtent = val;
-               return tiler;
-           };
-
-
-           tiler.size = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _size;
-               _size = val;
-               return tiler;
-           };
-
-
-           tiler.scale = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _scale;
-               _scale = val;
-               return tiler;
-           };
-
-
-           tiler.translate = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _translate;
-               _translate = val;
-               return tiler;
-           };
-
-
-           // number to extend the rows/columns beyond those covering the viewport
-           tiler.margin = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _margin;
-               _margin = +val;
-               return tiler;
-           };
-
-
-           tiler.skipNullIsland = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _skipNullIsland;
-               _skipNullIsland = val;
-               return tiler;
-           };
-
-
-           return tiler;
-       }
-
-       function utilTriggerEvent(target, type) {
-           target.each(function() {
-               var evt = document.createEvent('HTMLEvents');
-               evt.initEvent(type, true, true);
-               this.dispatchEvent(evt);
-           });
-       }
-
-       let _mainLocalizer = coreLocalizer(); // singleton
-       let _t = _mainLocalizer.t;
-
-       //
-       // coreLocalizer manages language and locale parameters including translated strings
-       //
-       function coreLocalizer() {
-
-           let localizer = {};
-
-           let _dataLanguages = {};
-
-           // `localeData` is an object containing all _supported_ locale codes -> language info.
-           // {
-           // en: { rtl: false, languageNames: {…}, scriptNames: {…} },
-           // de: { rtl: false, languageNames: {…}, scriptNames: {…} },
-           // …
-           // }
-           let _dataLocales = {};
-
-           // `localeStrings` is an object containing all _loaded_ locale codes -> string data.
-           // {
-           // en: { icons: {…}, toolbar: {…}, modes: {…}, operations: {…}, … },
-           // de: { icons: {…}, toolbar: {…}, modes: {…}, operations: {…}, … },
-           // …
-           // }
-           let _localeStrings = {};
-
-           // the current locale parameters
-           let _localeCode = 'en-US';
-           let _languageCode = 'en';
-           let _textDirection = 'ltr';
-           let _usesMetric = false;
-           let _languageNames = {};
-           let _scriptNames = {};
-
-           // getters for the current locale parameters
-           localizer.localeCode = () => _localeCode;
-           localizer.languageCode = () => _languageCode;
-           localizer.textDirection = () => _textDirection;
-           localizer.usesMetric = () => _usesMetric;
-           localizer.languageNames = () => _languageNames;
-           localizer.scriptNames = () => _scriptNames;
-
-
-           // The client app may want to manually set the locale, regardless of the
-           // settings provided by the browser
-           let _preferredLocaleCodes = [];
-           localizer.preferredLocaleCodes = function(codes) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _preferredLocaleCodes;
-               if (typeof codes === 'string') {
-                   // be generous and accept delimited strings as input
-                   _preferredLocaleCodes = codes.split(/,|;| /gi).filter(Boolean);
-               } else {
-                   _preferredLocaleCodes = codes;
-               }
-               return localizer;
-           };
-
-
-           var _loadPromise;
-
-           localizer.ensureLoaded = () => {
-
-               if (_loadPromise) return _loadPromise;
-
-               return _loadPromise = Promise.all([
-                       // load the list of langauges
-                       _mainFileFetcher.get('languages'),
-                       // load the list of supported locales
-                       _mainFileFetcher.get('locales')
-                   ])
-                   .then(results => {
-                       _dataLanguages = results[0];
-                       _dataLocales = results[1];
-                   })
-                   .then(() => {
-                       let requestedLocales = (_preferredLocaleCodes || [])
-                           // list of locales preferred by the browser in priority order
-                           .concat(utilDetect().browserLocales);
-                       _localeCode = bestSupportedLocale(requestedLocales);
-
-                       return Promise.all([
-                           // always load the English locale strings as fallbacks
-                           localizer.loadLocale('en'),
-                           // load the preferred locale
-                           localizer.loadLocale(_localeCode)
-                       ]);
-                   })
-                   .then(() => {
-                       updateForCurrentLocale();
-                   })
-                   .catch(err => console.error(err));  // eslint-disable-line
-           };
-
-           // Returns the best locale from `locales` supported by iD, if any
-           function bestSupportedLocale(locales) {
-               let supportedLocales = _dataLocales;
-
-               for (let i in locales) {
-                   let locale = locales[i];
-                   if (locale.includes('-')) { // full locale ('es-ES')
-
-                       if (supportedLocales[locale]) return locale;
-
-                       // If full locale not supported ('es-FAKE'), fallback to the base ('es')
-                       let langPart = locale.split('-')[0];
-                       if (supportedLocales[langPart]) return langPart;
-
-                   } else { // base locale ('es')
-
-                       // prefer a lower-priority full locale with this base ('es' < 'es-ES')
-                       let fullLocale = locales.find((locale2, index) => {
-                           return index > i &&
-                               locale2 !== locale &&
-                               locale2.split('-')[0] === locale &&
-                               supportedLocales[locale2];
-                       });
-                       if (fullLocale) return fullLocale;
-
-                       if (supportedLocales[locale]) return locale;
-                   }
-               }
-
-               return null;
-           }
-
-           function updateForCurrentLocale() {
-               if (!_localeCode) return;
-
-               _languageCode = _localeCode.split('-')[0];
-
-               const currentData = _dataLocales[_localeCode] || _dataLocales[_languageCode];
-
-               const hash = utilStringQs(window.location.hash);
-
-               if (hash.rtl === 'true') {
-                   _textDirection = 'rtl';
-               } else if (hash.rtl === 'false') {
-                   _textDirection = 'ltr';
-               }  else {
-                   _textDirection = currentData && currentData.rtl ? 'rtl' : 'ltr';
-               }
-
-               _languageNames = currentData && currentData.languageNames;
-               _scriptNames = currentData && currentData.scriptNames;
-
-               _usesMetric = _localeCode.slice(-3).toLowerCase() !== '-us';
-           }
-
-
-           /* Locales */
-           // Returns a Promise to load the strings for the requested locale
-           localizer.loadLocale = (requested) => {
-
-               if (!_dataLocales) {
-                   return Promise.reject('loadLocale called before init');
-               }
-
-               let locale = requested;
-
-               // US English is the default
-               if (locale.toLowerCase() === 'en-us') locale = 'en';
-
-               if (!_dataLocales[locale]) {
-                   return Promise.reject(`Unsupported locale: ${requested}`);
-               }
-
-               if (_localeStrings[locale]) {    // already loaded
-                   return Promise.resolve(locale);
-               }
-
-               let fileMap = _mainFileFetcher.fileMap();
-               const key = `locale_${locale}`;
-               fileMap[key] = `locales/${locale}.json`;
-
-               return _mainFileFetcher.get(key)
-                   .then(d => {
-                       _localeStrings[locale] = d[locale];
-                       return locale;
-                   });
-           };
-
-           /**
-           * Given a string identifier, try to find that string in the current
-           * language, and return it.  This function will be called recursively
-           * with locale `en` if a string can not be found in the requested language.
-           *
-           * @param  {string}   s             string identifier
-           * @param  {object?}  replacements  token replacements and default string
-           * @param  {string?}  locale        locale to use (defaults to currentLocale)
-           * @return {string?}  localized string
-           */
-           localizer.t = function(s, replacements, locale) {
-               locale = locale || _localeCode;
-
-               // US English is the default
-               if (locale.toLowerCase() === 'en-us') locale = 'en';
-
-               let path = s
-                 .split('.')
-                 .map(s => s.replace(/<TX_DOT>/g, '.'))
-                 .reverse();
-
-               let result = _localeStrings[locale];
-
-               while (result !== undefined && path.length) {
-                 result = result[path.pop()];
-               }
-
-               if (result !== undefined) {
-                 if (replacements) {
-                   for (let k in replacements) {
-                     const token = `{${k}}`;
-                     const regex = new RegExp(token, 'g');
-                     result = result.replace(regex, replacements[k]);
-                   }
-                 }
-                 return result;
-               }
-
-               if (locale !== 'en') {
-                 return localizer.t(s, replacements, 'en');  // fallback - recurse with 'en'
-               }
-
-               if (replacements && 'default' in replacements) {
-                 return replacements.default;      // fallback - replacements.default
-               }
-
-               const missing = `Missing ${locale} translation: ${s}`;
-               if (typeof console !== 'undefined') console.error(missing);  // eslint-disable-line
-
-               return missing;
-           };
-
-           localizer.languageName = (code, options) => {
-
-               if (_languageNames[code]) {  // name in locale langauge
-                 // e.g. "German"
-                 return _languageNames[code];
-               }
-
-               // sometimes we only want the local name
-               if (options && options.localOnly) return null;
-
-               const langInfo = _dataLanguages[code];
-               if (langInfo) {
-                 if (langInfo.nativeName) {  // name in native language
-                   // e.g. "Deutsch (de)"
-                   return localizer.t('translate.language_and_code', { language: langInfo.nativeName, code: code });
-
-                 } else if (langInfo.base && langInfo.script) {
-                   const base = langInfo.base;   // the code of the langauge this is based on
-
-                   if (_languageNames[base]) {   // base language name in locale langauge
-                     const scriptCode = langInfo.script;
-                     const script = _scriptNames[scriptCode] || scriptCode;
-                     // e.g. "Serbian (Cyrillic)"
-                     return localizer.t('translate.language_and_code', { language: _languageNames[base], code: script });
-
-                   } else if (_dataLanguages[base] && _dataLanguages[base].nativeName) {
-                     // e.g. "српски (sr-Cyrl)"
-                     return localizer.t('translate.language_and_code', { language: _dataLanguages[base].nativeName, code: code });
-                   }
-                 }
-               }
-               return code;  // if not found, use the code
-           };
-
-           return localizer;
-       }
-
-       //
-       // `presetCollection` is a wrapper around an `Array` of presets `collection`,
-       // and decorated with some extra methods for searching and matching geometry
-       //
-       function presetCollection(collection) {
-         const MAXRESULTS = 50;
-         let _this = {};
-         let _memo = {};
-
-         _this.collection = collection;
-
-         _this.item = (id) => {
-           if (_memo[id]) return _memo[id];
-           const found = _this.collection.find(d => d.id === id);
-           if (found) _memo[id] = found;
-           return found;
-         };
-
-         _this.index = (id) => _this.collection.findIndex(d => d.id === id);
-
-         _this.matchGeometry = (geometry) => {
-           return presetCollection(
-             _this.collection.filter(d => d.matchGeometry(geometry))
-           );
-         };
-
-         _this.matchAllGeometry = (geometries) => {
-           return presetCollection(
-             _this.collection.filter(d => d && d.matchAllGeometry(geometries))
-           );
-         };
-
-         _this.matchAnyGeometry = (geometries) => {
-           return presetCollection(
-             _this.collection.filter(d => geometries.some(geom => d.matchGeometry(geom)))
-           );
-         };
-
-         _this.fallback = (geometry) => {
-           let id = geometry;
-           if (id === 'vertex') id = 'point';
-           return _this.item(id);
-         };
-
-         _this.search = (value, geometry, countryCode) => {
-           if (!value) return _this;
-
-           value = value.toLowerCase().trim();
-
-           // match at name beginning or just after a space (e.g. "office" -> match "Law Office")
-           function leading(a) {
-             const index = a.indexOf(value);
-             return index === 0 || a[index - 1] === ' ';
-           }
-
-           // match at name beginning only
-           function leadingStrict(a) {
-             const index = a.indexOf(value);
-             return index === 0;
-           }
-
-           function sortNames(a, b) {
-             let aCompare = (a.suggestion ? a.originalName : a.name()).toLowerCase();
-             let bCompare = (b.suggestion ? b.originalName : b.name()).toLowerCase();
-
-             // priority if search string matches preset name exactly - #4325
-             if (value === aCompare) return -1;
-             if (value === bCompare) return 1;
-
-             // priority for higher matchScore
-             let i = b.originalScore - a.originalScore;
-             if (i !== 0) return i;
-
-             // priority if search string appears earlier in preset name
-             i = aCompare.indexOf(value) - bCompare.indexOf(value);
-             if (i !== 0) return i;
-
-             // priority for shorter preset names
-             return aCompare.length - bCompare.length;
-           }
-
-           let pool = _this.collection;
-           if (countryCode) {
-             pool = pool.filter(a => {
-               if (a.countryCodes && a.countryCodes.indexOf(countryCode) === -1) return false;
-               if (a.notCountryCodes && a.notCountryCodes.indexOf(countryCode) !== -1) return false;
-               return true;
-             });
-           }
-           const searchable = pool.filter(a => a.searchable !== false && a.suggestion !== true);
-           const suggestions = pool.filter(a => a.suggestion === true);
-
-           // matches value to preset.name
-           const leading_name = searchable
-             .filter(a => leading(a.name().toLowerCase()))
-             .sort(sortNames);
-
-           // matches value to preset suggestion name (original name is unhyphenated)
-           const leading_suggestions = suggestions
-             .filter(a => leadingStrict(a.originalName.toLowerCase()))
-             .sort(sortNames);
-
-           // matches value to preset.terms values
-           const leading_terms = searchable
-             .filter(a => (a.terms() || []).some(leading));
-
-           // matches value to preset.tags values
-           const leading_tag_values = searchable
-             .filter(a => Object.values(a.tags || {}).filter(val => val !== '*').some(leading));
-
-           // finds close matches to value in preset.name
-           const similar_name = searchable
-             .map(a => ({ preset: a, dist: utilEditDistance(value, a.name()) }))
-             .filter(a => a.dist + Math.min(value.length - a.preset.name().length, 0) < 3)
-             .sort((a, b) => a.dist - b.dist)
-             .map(a => a.preset);
-
-           // finds close matches to value to preset suggestion name (original name is unhyphenated)
-           const similar_suggestions = suggestions
-             .map(a => ({ preset: a, dist: utilEditDistance(value, a.originalName.toLowerCase()) }))
-             .filter(a => a.dist + Math.min(value.length - a.preset.originalName.length, 0) < 1)
-             .sort((a, b) => a.dist - b.dist)
-             .map(a => a.preset);
-
-           // finds close matches to value in preset.terms
-           const similar_terms = searchable
-             .filter(a => {
-               return (a.terms() || []).some(b => {
-                 return utilEditDistance(value, b) + Math.min(value.length - b.length, 0) < 3;
-               });
-             });
-
-           let results = leading_name.concat(
-             leading_suggestions,
-             leading_terms,
-             leading_tag_values,
-             similar_name,
-             similar_suggestions,
-             similar_terms
-           ).slice(0, MAXRESULTS - 1);
-
-           if (geometry) {
-             if (typeof geometry === 'string') {
-               results.push(_this.fallback(geometry));
-             } else {
-               geometry.forEach(geom => results.push(_this.fallback(geom)));
-             }
-           }
-
-           return presetCollection(utilArrayUniq(results));
-         };
-
-
-         return _this;
-       }
-
-       //
-       // `presetCategory` builds a `presetCollection` of member presets,
-       // decorated with some extra methods for searching and matching geometry
-       //
-       function presetCategory(categoryID, category, all) {
-         let _this = Object.assign({}, category);   // shallow copy
-
-         _this.id = categoryID;
-
-         _this.members = presetCollection(
-           category.members.map(presetID => all.item(presetID)).filter(Boolean)
-         );
-
-         _this.geometry = _this.members.collection
-           .reduce((acc, preset) => {
-             for (let i in preset.geometry) {
-               const geometry = preset.geometry[i];
-               if (acc.indexOf(geometry) === -1) {
-                 acc.push(geometry);
-               }
-             }
-             return acc;
-           }, []);
-
-         _this.matchGeometry = (geom) => _this.geometry.indexOf(geom) >= 0;
-
-         _this.matchAllGeometry = (geometries) => _this.members.collection
-           .some(preset => preset.matchAllGeometry(geometries));
-
-         _this.matchScore = () => -1;
-
-         _this.name = () => _t(`presets.categories.${categoryID}.name`, { 'default': categoryID });
-
-         _this.terms = () => [];
-
-
-         return _this;
-       }
-
-       //
-       // `presetField` decorates a given `field` Object
-       // with some extra methods for searching and matching geometry
-       //
-       function presetField(fieldID, field) {
-         let _this = Object.assign({}, field);   // shallow copy
-
-         _this.id = fieldID;
-
-         // for use in classes, element ids, css selectors
-         _this.safeid = utilSafeClassName(fieldID);
-
-         _this.matchGeometry = (geom) => !_this.geometry || _this.geometry.indexOf(geom) !== -1;
-
-         _this.matchAllGeometry = (geometries) => {
-           return !_this.geometry || geometries.every(geom => _this.geometry.indexOf(geom) !== -1);
-         };
-
-         _this.t = (scope, options) => _t(`presets.fields.${fieldID}.${scope}`, options);
-
-         _this.label = () => _this.overrideLabel || _this.t('label', { 'default': fieldID });
-
-         const _placeholder = _this.placeholder;
-         _this.placeholder = () => _this.t('placeholder', { 'default': _placeholder });
-
-         _this.originalTerms = (_this.terms || []).join();
-
-         _this.terms = () => _this.t('terms', { 'default': _this.originalTerms })
-           .toLowerCase().trim().split(/\s*,+\s*/);
-
-
-         return _this;
-       }
-
-       //
-       // `presetPreset` decorates a given `preset` Object
-       // with some extra methods for searching and matching geometry
-       //
-       function presetPreset(presetID, preset, addable, allFields, allPresets) {
-         allFields = allFields || {};
-         allPresets = allPresets || {};
-         let _this = Object.assign({}, preset);   // shallow copy
-         let _addable = addable || false;
-         let _resolvedFields;      // cache
-         let _resolvedMoreFields;  // cache
-
-         _this.id = presetID;
-
-         _this.safeid = utilSafeClassName(presetID);  // for use in css classes, selectors, element ids
-
-         _this.originalTerms = (_this.terms || []).join();
-
-         _this.originalName = _this.name || '';
-
-         _this.originalScore = _this.matchScore || 1;
-
-         _this.originalReference = _this.reference || {};
-
-         _this.originalFields = (_this.fields || []);
-
-         _this.originalMoreFields = (_this.moreFields || []);
-
-         _this.fields = () => _resolvedFields || (_resolvedFields = resolve('fields'));
-
-         _this.moreFields = () => _resolvedMoreFields || (_resolvedMoreFields = resolve('moreFields'));
-
-         _this.resetFields = () => _resolvedFields = _resolvedMoreFields = null;
-
-         _this.tags = _this.tags || {};
-
-         _this.addTags = _this.addTags || _this.tags;
-
-         _this.removeTags = _this.removeTags || _this.addTags;
-
-         _this.geometry = (_this.geometry || []);
-
-         _this.matchGeometry = (geom) => _this.geometry.indexOf(geom) >= 0;
-
-         _this.matchAllGeometry = (geoms) => geoms.every(_this.matchGeometry);
-
-         _this.matchScore = (entityTags) => {
-           const tags = _this.tags;
-           let seen = {};
-           let score = 0;
-
-           // match on tags
-           for (let k in tags) {
-             seen[k] = true;
-             if (entityTags[k] === tags[k]) {
-               score += _this.originalScore;
-             } else if (tags[k] === '*' && k in entityTags) {
-               score += _this.originalScore / 2;
-             } else {
-               return -1;
-             }
-           }
-
-           // boost score for additional matches in addTags - #6802
-           const addTags = _this.addTags;
-           for (let k in addTags) {
-             if (!seen[k] && entityTags[k] === addTags[k]) {
-               score += _this.originalScore;
-             }
-           }
-
-           return score;
-         };
-
-
-         let _textCache = {};
-         _this.t = (scope, options) => {
-           const textID = `presets.presets.${presetID}.${scope}`;
-           if (_textCache[textID]) return _textCache[textID];
-           return _textCache[textID] = _t(textID, options);
-         };
-
-
-         _this.name = () => {
-           if (_this.suggestion) {
-             let path = presetID.split('/');
-             path.pop();  // remove brand name
-             // NOTE: insert an en-dash, not a hypen (to avoid conflict with fr - nl names in Brussels etc)
-             return _this.originalName + ' – ' + _t('presets.presets.' + path.join('/') + '.name');
-           }
-           return _this.t('name', { 'default': _this.originalName });
-         };
-
-
-         _this.terms = () => _this.t('terms', { 'default': _this.originalTerms })
-           .toLowerCase().trim().split(/\s*,+\s*/);
-
-
-         _this.isFallback = () => {
-           const tagCount = Object.keys(_this.tags).length;
-           return tagCount === 0 || (tagCount === 1 && _this.tags.hasOwnProperty('area'));
-         };
-
-
-         _this.addable = function(val) {
-           if (!arguments.length) return _addable;
-           _addable = val;
-           return _this;
-         };
-
-
-         _this.reference = (geom) => {
-           // Lookup documentation on Wikidata...
-           const qid = _this.tags.wikidata || _this.tags['brand:wikidata'] || _this.tags['operator:wikidata'];
-           if (qid) {
-             return { qid: qid };
-           }
-
-           // Lookup documentation on OSM Wikibase...
-           let key = _this.originalReference.key || Object.keys(utilObjectOmit(_this.tags, 'name'))[0];
-           let value = _this.originalReference.value || _this.tags[key];
-
-           if (geom === 'relation' && key === 'type') {
-             if (value in _this.tags) {
-               key = value;
-               value = _this.tags[key];
-             } else {
-               return { rtype: value };
-             }
-           }
-
-           if (value === '*') {
-             return { key: key };
-           } else {
-             return { key: key, value: value };
-           }
-         };
-
-
-         _this.unsetTags = (tags, geometry, skipFieldDefaults) => {
-           tags = utilObjectOmit(tags, Object.keys(_this.removeTags));
-
-           if (geometry && !skipFieldDefaults) {
-             _this.fields().forEach(field => {
-               if (field.matchGeometry(geometry) && field.key && field.default === tags[field.key]) {
-                 delete tags[field.key];
-               }
-             });
-           }
-
-           delete tags.area;
-           return tags;
-         };
-
-
-         _this.setTags = (tags, geometry, skipFieldDefaults) => {
-           const addTags = _this.addTags;
-           tags = Object.assign({}, tags);   // shallow copy
-
-           for (let k in addTags) {
-             if (addTags[k] === '*') {
-               tags[k] = 'yes';
-             } else {
-               tags[k] = addTags[k];
-             }
-           }
-
-           // Add area=yes if necessary.
-           // This is necessary if the geometry is already an area (e.g. user drew an area) AND any of:
-           // 1. chosen preset could be either an area or a line (`barrier=city_wall`)
-           // 2. chosen preset doesn't have a key in osmAreaKeys (`railway=station`)
-           if (!addTags.hasOwnProperty('area')) {
-             delete tags.area;
-             if (geometry === 'area') {
-               let needsAreaTag = true;
-               if (_this.geometry.indexOf('line') === -1) {
-                 for (let k in addTags) {
-                   if (k in osmAreaKeys) {
-                     needsAreaTag = false;
-                     break;
-                   }
-                 }
-               }
-               if (needsAreaTag) {
-                 tags.area = 'yes';
-               }
-             }
-           }
-
-           if (geometry && !skipFieldDefaults) {
-             _this.fields().forEach(field => {
-               if (field.matchGeometry(geometry) && field.key && !tags[field.key] && field.default) {
-                 tags[field.key] = field.default;
-               }
-             });
-           }
-
-           return tags;
-         };
-
-
-         // For a preset without fields, use the fields of the parent preset.
-         // Replace {preset} placeholders with the fields of the specified presets.
-         function resolve(which) {
-           const fieldIDs = (which === 'fields' ? _this.originalFields : _this.originalMoreFields);
-           let resolved = [];
-
-           fieldIDs.forEach(fieldID => {
-             const match = fieldID.match(/\{(.*)\}/);
-             if (match !== null) {    // a presetID wrapped in braces {}
-               resolved = resolved.concat(inheritFields(match[1], which));
-             } else if (allFields[fieldID]) {    // a normal fieldID
-               resolved.push(allFields[fieldID]);
-             } else {
-               console.log(`Cannot resolve "${fieldID}" found in ${_this.id}.${which}`);  // eslint-disable-line no-console
-             }
-           });
-
-           // no fields resolved, so use the parent's if possible
-           if (!resolved.length) {
-             const endIndex = _this.id.lastIndexOf('/');
-             const parentID = endIndex && _this.id.substring(0, endIndex);
-             if (parentID) {
-               resolved = inheritFields(parentID, which);
-             }
-           }
-
-           return utilArrayUniq(resolved);
-
-
-           // returns an array of fields to inherit from the given presetID, if found
-           function inheritFields(presetID, which) {
-             const parent = allPresets[presetID];
-             if (!parent) return [];
-
-             if (which === 'fields') {
-               return parent.fields().filter(shouldInherit);
-             } else if (which === 'moreFields') {
-               return parent.moreFields();
-             } else {
-               return [];
-             }
-           }
-
-
-           // Skip `fields` for the keys which define the preset.
-           // These are usually `typeCombo` fields like `shop=*`
-           function shouldInherit(f) {
-             if (f.key && _this.tags[f.key] !== undefined &&
-               // inherit anyway if multiple values are allowed or just a checkbox
-               f.type !== 'multiCombo' && f.type !== 'semiCombo' && f.type !== 'check'
-             ) return false;
-
-             return true;
-           }
-         }
-
-
-         return _this;
-       }
-
-       let _mainPresetIndex = presetIndex(); // singleton
-
-       //
-       // `presetIndex` wraps a `presetCollection`
-       // with methods for loading new data and returning defaults
-       //
-       function presetIndex() {
-         const dispatch$1 = dispatch('favoritePreset', 'recentsChange');
-         const MAXRECENTS = 30;
-
-         // seed the preset lists with geometry fallbacks
-         const POINT = presetPreset('point', { name: 'Point', tags: {}, geometry: ['point', 'vertex'], matchScore: 0.1 } );
-         const LINE = presetPreset('line', { name: 'Line', tags: {}, geometry: ['line'], matchScore: 0.1 } );
-         const AREA = presetPreset('area', { name: 'Area', tags: { area: 'yes' }, geometry: ['area'], matchScore: 0.1 } );
-         const RELATION = presetPreset('relation', { name: 'Relation', tags: {}, geometry: ['relation'], matchScore: 0.1 } );
-
-         let _this = presetCollection([POINT, LINE, AREA, RELATION]);
-         let _presets = { point: POINT, line: LINE, area: AREA, relation: RELATION };
-
-         let _defaults = {
-           point: presetCollection([POINT]),
-           vertex: presetCollection([POINT]),
-           line: presetCollection([LINE]),
-           area: presetCollection([AREA]),
-           relation: presetCollection([RELATION])
-         };
-
-         let _fields = {};
-         let _categories = {};
-         let _universal = [];
-         let _addablePresetIDs = null;   // Set of preset IDs that the user can add
-         let _recents;
-         let _favorites;
-
-         // Index of presets by (geometry, tag key).
-         let _geometryIndex = { point: {}, vertex: {}, line: {}, area: {}, relation: {} };
-
-         let _loadPromise;
-
-         _this.ensureLoaded = () => {
-           if (_loadPromise) return _loadPromise;
-
-           return _loadPromise = Promise.all([
-               _mainFileFetcher.get('preset_categories'),
-               _mainFileFetcher.get('preset_defaults'),
-               _mainFileFetcher.get('preset_presets'),
-               _mainFileFetcher.get('preset_fields')
-             ])
-             .then(vals => {
-               _this.merge({
-                 categories: vals[0],
-                 defaults: vals[1],
-                 presets: vals[2],
-                 fields: vals[3]
-               });
-               osmSetAreaKeys(_this.areaKeys());
-               osmSetPointTags(_this.pointTags());
-               osmSetVertexTags(_this.vertexTags());
-             });
-         };
-
-
-         _this.merge = (d) => {
-           // Merge Fields
-           if (d.fields) {
-             Object.keys(d.fields).forEach(fieldID => {
-               const f = d.fields[fieldID];
-               if (f) {   // add or replace
-                 _fields[fieldID] = presetField(fieldID, f);
-               } else {   // remove
-                 delete _fields[fieldID];
-               }
-             });
-           }
-
-           // Merge Presets
-           if (d.presets) {
-             Object.keys(d.presets).forEach(presetID => {
-               const p = d.presets[presetID];
-               if (p) {   // add or replace
-                 const isAddable = !_addablePresetIDs || _addablePresetIDs.has(presetID);
-                 _presets[presetID] = presetPreset(presetID, p, isAddable, _fields, _presets);
-               } else {   // remove (but not if it's a fallback)
-                 const existing = _presets[presetID];
-                 if (existing && !existing.isFallback()) {
-                   delete _presets[presetID];
-                 }
-               }
-             });
-           }
-
-           // Need to rebuild _this.collection before loading categories
-           _this.collection = Object.values(_presets).concat(Object.values(_categories));
-
-           // Merge Categories
-           if (d.categories) {
-             Object.keys(d.categories).forEach(categoryID => {
-               const c = d.categories[categoryID];
-               if (c) {   // add or replace
-                 _categories[categoryID] = presetCategory(categoryID, c, _this);
-               } else {   // remove
-                 delete _categories[categoryID];
-               }
-             });
-           }
-
-           // Rebuild _this.collection after loading categories
-           _this.collection = Object.values(_presets).concat(Object.values(_categories));
-
-           // Merge Defaults
-           if (d.defaults) {
-             Object.keys(d.defaults).forEach(geometry => {
-               const def = d.defaults[geometry];
-               if (Array.isArray(def)) {   // add or replace
-                 _defaults[geometry] = presetCollection(
-                   def.map(id => _presets[id] || _categories[id]).filter(Boolean)
-                 );
-               } else {   // remove
-                 delete _defaults[geometry];
-               }
-             });
-           }
-
-           // Rebuild universal fields array
-           _universal = Object.values(_fields).filter(field => field.universal);
-
-           // Reset all the preset fields - they'll need to be resolved again
-           Object.values(_presets).forEach(preset => preset.resetFields());
-
-           // Rebuild geometry index
-           _geometryIndex = { point: {}, vertex: {}, line: {}, area: {}, relation: {} };
-           _this.collection.forEach(preset => {
-             (preset.geometry || []).forEach(geometry => {
-               let g = _geometryIndex[geometry];
-               for (let key in preset.tags) {
-                 (g[key] = g[key] || []).push(preset);
-               }
-             });
-           });
-
-           return _this;
-         };
-
-
-         _this.match = (entity, resolver) => {
-           return resolver.transient(entity, 'presetMatch', () => {
-             let geometry = entity.geometry(resolver);
-             // Treat entities on addr:interpolation lines as points, not vertices - #3241
-             if (geometry === 'vertex' && entity.isOnAddressLine(resolver)) {
-               geometry = 'point';
-             }
-             return _this.matchTags(entity.tags, geometry);
-           });
-         };
-
-
-         _this.matchTags = (tags, geometry) => {
-           const geometryMatches = _geometryIndex[geometry];
-           let address;
-           let best = -1;
-           let match;
-
-           for (let k in tags) {
-             // If any part of an address is present, allow fallback to "Address" preset - #4353
-             if (/^addr:/.test(k) && geometryMatches['addr:*']) {
-               address = geometryMatches['addr:*'][0];
-             }
-
-             const keyMatches = geometryMatches[k];
-             if (!keyMatches) continue;
-
-             for (let i = 0; i < keyMatches.length; i++) {
-               const score = keyMatches[i].matchScore(tags);
-               if (score > best) {
-                 best = score;
-                 match = keyMatches[i];
-               }
-             }
-           }
-
-           if (address && (!match || match.isFallback())) {
-             match = address;
-           }
-           return match || _this.fallback(geometry);
-         };
-
-
-         _this.allowsVertex = (entity, resolver) => {
-           if (entity.type !== 'node') return false;
-           if (Object.keys(entity.tags).length === 0) return true;
-
-           return resolver.transient(entity, 'vertexMatch', () => {
-             // address lines allow vertices to act as standalone points
-             if (entity.isOnAddressLine(resolver)) return true;
-
-             const geometries = osmNodeGeometriesForTags(entity.tags);
-             if (geometries.vertex) return true;
-             if (geometries.point) return false;
-             // allow vertices for unspecified points
-             return true;
-           });
-         };
-
-
-         // Because of the open nature of tagging, iD will never have a complete
-         // list of tags used in OSM, so we want it to have logic like "assume
-         // that a closed way with an amenity tag is an area, unless the amenity
-         // is one of these specific types". This function computes a structure
-         // that allows testing of such conditions, based on the presets designated
-         // as as supporting (or not supporting) the area geometry.
-         //
-         // The returned object L is a keeplist/discardlist of tags. A closed way
-         // with a tag (k, v) is considered to be an area if `k in L && !(v in L[k])`
-         // (see `Way#isArea()`). In other words, the keys of L form the keeplist,
-         // and the subkeys form the discardlist.
-         _this.areaKeys = () => {
-           // The ignore list is for keys that imply lines. (We always add `area=yes` for exceptions)
-           const ignore = ['barrier', 'highway', 'footway', 'railway', 'junction', 'type'];
-           let areaKeys = {};
-
-           // ignore name-suggestion-index and deprecated presets
-           const presets = _this.collection.filter(p => !p.suggestion && !p.replacement);
-
-           // keeplist
-           presets.forEach(p => {
-             let key;
-             for (key in p.tags) break;  // pick the first tag
-             if (!key) return;
-             if (ignore.indexOf(key) !== -1) return;
-
-             if (p.geometry.indexOf('area') !== -1) {    // probably an area..
-               areaKeys[key] = areaKeys[key] || {};
-             }
-           });
-
-           // discardlist
-           presets.forEach(p => {
-             let key;
-             for (key in p.addTags) {
-               // examine all addTags to get a better sense of what can be tagged on lines - #6800
-               const value = p.addTags[key];
-               if (key in areaKeys &&                    // probably an area...
-                 p.geometry.indexOf('line') !== -1 &&    // but sometimes a line
-                 value !== '*') {
-                 areaKeys[key][value] = true;
-               }
-             }
-           });
-
-           return areaKeys;
-         };
-
-
-         _this.pointTags = () => {
-           return _this.collection.reduce((pointTags, d) => {
-             // ignore name-suggestion-index, deprecated, and generic presets
-             if (d.suggestion || d.replacement || d.searchable === false) return pointTags;
-
-             // only care about the primary tag
-             let key;
-             for (key in d.tags) break;  // pick the first tag
-             if (!key) return pointTags;
-
-             // if this can be a point
-             if (d.geometry.indexOf('point') !== -1) {
-               pointTags[key] = pointTags[key] || {};
-               pointTags[key][d.tags[key]] = true;
-             }
-             return pointTags;
-           }, {});
-         };
-
-
-         _this.vertexTags = () => {
-           return _this.collection.reduce((vertexTags, d) => {
-             // ignore name-suggestion-index, deprecated, and generic presets
-             if (d.suggestion || d.replacement || d.searchable === false) return vertexTags;
-
-             // only care about the primary tag
-             let key;
-             for (key in d.tags) break;   // pick the first tag
-             if (!key) return vertexTags;
-
-             // if this can be a vertex
-             if (d.geometry.indexOf('vertex') !== -1) {
-               vertexTags[key] = vertexTags[key] || {};
-               vertexTags[key][d.tags[key]] = true;
-             }
-             return vertexTags;
-           }, {});
-         };
-
-
-         _this.field = (id) => _fields[id];
-
-         _this.universal = () => _universal;
-
-
-         _this.defaults = (geometry, n, startWithRecents) => {
-           let recents = [];
-           if (startWithRecents) {
-             recents = _this.recent().matchGeometry(geometry).collection.slice(0, 4);
-           }
-           let defaults;
-           if (_addablePresetIDs) {
-             defaults = Array.from(_addablePresetIDs).map(function(id) {
-               var preset = _this.item(id);
-               if (preset && preset.matchGeometry(geometry)) return preset;
-               return null;
-             }).filter(Boolean);
-           } else {
-             defaults = _defaults[geometry].collection.concat(_this.fallback(geometry));
-           }
-
-           return presetCollection(
-             utilArrayUniq(recents.concat(defaults)).slice(0, n - 1)
-           );
-         };
-
-         // pass a Set of addable preset ids
-         _this.addablePresetIDs = function(val) {
-           if (!arguments.length) return _addablePresetIDs;
-
-           // accept and convert arrays
-           if (Array.isArray(val)) val = new Set(val);
-
-           _addablePresetIDs = val;
-           if (_addablePresetIDs) {   // reset all presets
-             _this.collection.forEach(p => {
-               // categories aren't addable
-               if (p.addable) p.addable(_addablePresetIDs.has(p.id));
-             });
-           } else {
-             _this.collection.forEach(p => {
-               if (p.addable) p.addable(true);
-             });
-           }
-
-           return _this;
-         };
-
-
-         _this.recent = () => {
-           return presetCollection(
-             utilArrayUniq(_this.getRecents().map(d => d.preset))
-           );
-         };
-
-
-         function RibbonItem(preset, source) {
-           let item = {};
-           item.preset = preset;
-           item.source = source;
-
-           item.isFavorite = () => item.source === 'favorite';
-           item.isRecent = () => item.source === 'recent';
-           item.matches = (preset) => item.preset.id === preset.id;
-           item.minified = () => ({ pID: item.preset.id });
-
-           return item;
-         }
-
-
-         function ribbonItemForMinified(d, source) {
-           if (d && d.pID) {
-             const preset = _this.item(d.pID);
-             if (!preset) return null;
-             return RibbonItem(preset, source);
-           }
-           return null;
-         }
-
-
-         _this.getGenericRibbonItems = () => {
-           return ['point', 'line', 'area'].map(id => RibbonItem(_this.item(id), 'generic'));
-         };
-
-
-         _this.getAddable = () => {
-             if (!_addablePresetIDs) return [];
-
-             return _addablePresetIDs.map((id) => {
-               const preset = _this.item(id);
-               if (preset) {
-                 return RibbonItem(preset, 'addable');
-               }
-             }).filter(Boolean);
-         };
-
-
-         function setRecents(items) {
-           _recents = items;
-           const minifiedItems = items.map(d => d.minified());
-           corePreferences('preset_recents', JSON.stringify(minifiedItems));
-           dispatch$1.call('recentsChange');
-         }
-
-
-         _this.getRecents = () => {
-           if (!_recents) {
-             // fetch from local storage
-             _recents = (JSON.parse(corePreferences('preset_recents')) || [])
-               .reduce((acc, d) => {
-                 let item = ribbonItemForMinified(d, 'recent');
-                 if (item && item.preset.addable()) acc.push(item);
-                 return acc;
-               }, []);
-           }
-           return _recents;
-         };
-
-
-         _this.addRecent = (preset, besidePreset, after) => {
-           const recents = _this.getRecents();
-
-           const beforeItem = _this.recentMatching(besidePreset);
-           let toIndex = recents.indexOf(beforeItem);
-           if (after) toIndex += 1;
-
-           const newItem = RibbonItem(preset, 'recent');
-           recents.splice(toIndex, 0, newItem);
-           setRecents(recents);
-         };
-
-
-         _this.removeRecent = (preset) => {
-           const item = _this.recentMatching(preset);
-           if (item) {
-             let items = _this.getRecents();
-             items.splice(items.indexOf(item), 1);
-             setRecents(items);
-           }
-         };
-
-
-         _this.recentMatching = (preset) => {
-           const items = _this.getRecents();
-           for (let i in items) {
-             if (items[i].matches(preset)) {
-               return items[i];
-             }
-           }
-           return null;
-         };
-
-
-         _this.moveItem = (items, fromIndex, toIndex) => {
-           if (fromIndex === toIndex ||
-             fromIndex < 0 || toIndex < 0 ||
-             fromIndex >= items.length || toIndex >= items.length
-           ) return null;
-
-           items.splice(toIndex, 0, items.splice(fromIndex, 1)[0]);
-           return items;
-         };
-
-
-         _this.moveRecent = (item, beforeItem) => {
-           const recents = _this.getRecents();
-           const fromIndex = recents.indexOf(item);
-           const toIndex = recents.indexOf(beforeItem);
-           const items = _this.moveItem(recents, fromIndex, toIndex);
-           if (items) setRecents(items);
-         };
-
-
-         _this.setMostRecent = (preset) => {
-           if (preset.searchable === false) return;
-
-           let items = _this.getRecents();
-           let item = _this.recentMatching(preset);
-           if (item) {
-             items.splice(items.indexOf(item), 1);
-           } else {
-             item = RibbonItem(preset, 'recent');
-           }
-
-           // remove the last recent (first in, first out)
-           while (items.length >= MAXRECENTS) {
-             items.pop();
-           }
-
-           // prepend array
-           items.unshift(item);
-           setRecents(items);
-         };
-
-         function setFavorites(items) {
-           _favorites = items;
-           const minifiedItems = items.map(d => d.minified());
-           corePreferences('preset_favorites', JSON.stringify(minifiedItems));
-
-           // call update
-           dispatch$1.call('favoritePreset');
-         }
-
-         _this.addFavorite = (preset, besidePreset, after) => {
-             const favorites = _this.getFavorites();
-
-             const beforeItem = _this.favoriteMatching(besidePreset);
-             let toIndex = favorites.indexOf(beforeItem);
-             if (after) toIndex += 1;
-
-             const newItem = RibbonItem(preset, 'favorite');
-             favorites.splice(toIndex, 0, newItem);
-             setFavorites(favorites);
-         };
-
-         _this.toggleFavorite = (preset) => {
-           const favs = _this.getFavorites();
-           const favorite = _this.favoriteMatching(preset);
-           if (favorite) {
-             favs.splice(favs.indexOf(favorite), 1);
-           } else {
-             // only allow 10 favorites
-             if (favs.length === 10) {
-                 // remove the last favorite (last in, first out)
-                 favs.pop();
-             }
-             // append array
-             favs.push(RibbonItem(preset, 'favorite'));
-           }
-           setFavorites(favs);
-         };
-
-
-         _this.removeFavorite = (preset) => {
-           const item = _this.favoriteMatching(preset);
-           if (item) {
-             const items = _this.getFavorites();
-             items.splice(items.indexOf(item), 1);
-             setFavorites(items);
-           }
-         };
-
-
-         _this.getFavorites = () => {
-           if (!_favorites) {
-
-             // fetch from local storage
-             let rawFavorites = JSON.parse(corePreferences('preset_favorites'));
-
-             if (!rawFavorites) {
-               rawFavorites = [];
-               corePreferences('preset_favorites', JSON.stringify(rawFavorites));
-             }
-
-             _favorites = rawFavorites.reduce((output, d) => {
-               const item = ribbonItemForMinified(d, 'favorite');
-               if (item && item.preset.addable()) output.push(item);
-               return output;
-             }, []);
-           }
-           return _favorites;
-         };
-
-
-         _this.favoriteMatching = (preset) => {
-           const favs = _this.getFavorites();
-           for (let index in favs) {
-             if (favs[index].matches(preset)) {
-               return favs[index];
-             }
-           }
-           return null;
-         };
-
-
-         return utilRebind(_this, dispatch$1, 'on');
-       }
-
-       function utilTagText(entity) {
-           var obj = (entity && entity.tags) || {};
-           return Object.keys(obj)
-               .map(function(k) { return k + '=' + obj[k]; })
-               .join(', ');
-       }
-
-
-       function utilTotalExtent(array, graph) {
-           var extent = geoExtent();
-           var val, entity;
-           for (var i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
-               val = array[i];
-               entity = typeof val === 'string' ? graph.hasEntity(val) : val;
-               if (entity) {
-                   extent._extend(entity.extent(graph));
-               }
-           }
-           return extent;
-       }
-
-
-       function utilTagDiff(oldTags, newTags) {
-           var tagDiff = [];
-           var keys = utilArrayUnion(Object.keys(oldTags), Object.keys(newTags)).sort();
-           keys.forEach(function(k) {
-               var oldVal = oldTags[k];
-               var newVal = newTags[k];
-
-               if ((oldVal || oldVal === '') && (newVal === undefined || newVal !== oldVal)) {
-                   tagDiff.push({
-                       type: '-',
-                       key: k,
-                       oldVal: oldVal,
-                       newVal: newVal,
-                       display: '- ' + k + '=' + oldVal
-                   });
-               }
-               if ((newVal || newVal === '') && (oldVal === undefined || newVal !== oldVal)) {
-                   tagDiff.push({
-                       type: '+',
-                       key: k,
-                       oldVal: oldVal,
-                       newVal: newVal,
-                       display: '+ ' + k + '=' + newVal
-                   });
-               }
-           });
-           return tagDiff;
-       }
-
-
-       function utilEntitySelector(ids) {
-           return ids.length ? '.' + ids.join(',.') : 'nothing';
-       }
-
-
-       // returns an selector to select entity ids for:
-       //  - entityIDs passed in
-       //  - shallow descendant entityIDs for any of those entities that are relations
-       function utilEntityOrMemberSelector(ids, graph) {
-           var seen = new Set(ids);
-           ids.forEach(collectShallowDescendants);
-           return utilEntitySelector(Array.from(seen));
-
-           function collectShallowDescendants(id) {
-               var entity = graph.hasEntity(id);
-               if (!entity || entity.type !== 'relation') return;
-
-               entity.members
-                   .map(function(member) { return member.id; })
-                   .forEach(function(id) { seen.add(id); });
-           }
-       }
-
-
-       // returns an selector to select entity ids for:
-       //  - entityIDs passed in
-       //  - deep descendant entityIDs for any of those entities that are relations
-       function utilEntityOrDeepMemberSelector(ids, graph) {
-           return utilEntitySelector(utilEntityAndDeepMemberIDs(ids, graph));
-       }
-
-
-       // returns an selector to select entity ids for:
-       //  - entityIDs passed in
-       //  - deep descendant entityIDs for any of those entities that are relations
-       function utilEntityAndDeepMemberIDs(ids, graph) {
-           var seen = new Set();
-           ids.forEach(collectDeepDescendants);
-           return Array.from(seen);
-
-           function collectDeepDescendants(id) {
-               if (seen.has(id)) return;
-               seen.add(id);
-
-               var entity = graph.hasEntity(id);
-               if (!entity || entity.type !== 'relation') return;
-
-               entity.members
-                   .map(function(member) { return member.id; })
-                   .forEach(collectDeepDescendants);   // recurse
-           }
-       }
-
-       // returns an selector to select entity ids for:
-       //  - deep descendant entityIDs for any of those entities that are relations
-       function utilDeepMemberSelector(ids, graph, skipMultipolgonMembers) {
-           var idsSet = new Set(ids);
-           var seen = new Set();
-           var returners = new Set();
-           ids.forEach(collectDeepDescendants);
-           return utilEntitySelector(Array.from(returners));
-
-           function collectDeepDescendants(id) {
-               if (seen.has(id)) return;
-               seen.add(id);
-
-               if (!idsSet.has(id)) {
-                   returners.add(id);
-               }
-
-               var entity = graph.hasEntity(id);
-               if (!entity || entity.type !== 'relation') return;
-               if (skipMultipolgonMembers && entity.isMultipolygon()) return;
-               entity.members
-                   .map(function(member) { return member.id; })
-                   .forEach(collectDeepDescendants);   // recurse
-           }
-       }
-
-
-       // Adds or removes highlight styling for the specified entities
-       function utilHighlightEntities(ids, highlighted, context) {
-           context.surface()
-               .selectAll(utilEntityOrDeepMemberSelector(ids, context.graph()))
-               .classed('highlighted', highlighted);
-       }
-
-
-       // returns an Array that is the union of:
-       //  - nodes for any nodeIDs passed in
-       //  - child nodes of any wayIDs passed in
-       //  - descendant member and child nodes of relationIDs passed in
-       function utilGetAllNodes(ids, graph) {
-           var seen = new Set();
-           var nodes = new Set();
-
-           ids.forEach(collectNodes);
-           return Array.from(nodes);
-
-           function collectNodes(id) {
-               if (seen.has(id)) return;
-               seen.add(id);
-
-               var entity = graph.hasEntity(id);
-               if (!entity) return;
-
-               if (entity.type === 'node') {
-                   nodes.add(entity);
-               } else if (entity.type === 'way') {
-                   entity.nodes.forEach(collectNodes);
-               } else {
-                   entity.members
-                       .map(function(member) { return member.id; })
-                       .forEach(collectNodes);   // recurse
-               }
-           }
-       }
-
-
-       function utilDisplayName(entity) {
-           var localizedNameKey = 'name:' + _mainLocalizer.languageCode().toLowerCase();
-           var name = entity.tags[localizedNameKey] || entity.tags.name || '';
-           var network = entity.tags.cycle_network || entity.tags.network;
-
-           if (!name && entity.tags.ref) {
-               name = entity.tags.ref;
-               if (network) {
-                   name = network + ' ' + name;
-               }
-           }
-
-           return name;
-       }
-
-
-       function utilDisplayNameForPath(entity) {
-           var name = utilDisplayName(entity);
-           var isFirefox = utilDetect().browser.toLowerCase().indexOf('firefox') > -1;
-
-           if (!isFirefox && name && rtlRegex.test(name)) {
-               name = fixRTLTextForSvg(name);
-           }
-
-           return name;
-       }
-
-
-       function utilDisplayType(id) {
-           return {
-               n: _t('inspector.node'),
-               w: _t('inspector.way'),
-               r: _t('inspector.relation')
-           }[id.charAt(0)];
-       }
-
-
-       function utilDisplayLabel(entity, graph) {
-           var displayName = utilDisplayName(entity);
-           if (displayName) {
-               // use the display name if there is one
-               return displayName;
-           }
-           var preset = _mainPresetIndex.match(entity, graph);
-           if (preset && preset.name()) {
-               // use the preset name if there is a match
-               return preset.name();
-           }
-           // fallback to the display type (node/way/relation)
-           return utilDisplayType(entity.id);
-       }
-
-
-       function utilEntityRoot(entityType) {
-           return {
-               node: 'n',
-               way: 'w',
-               relation: 'r'
-           }[entityType];
-       }
-
-
-       // Returns a single object containing the tags of all the given entities.
-       // Example:
-       // {
-       //   highway: 'service',
-       //   service: 'parking_aisle'
-       // }
-       //           +
-       // {
-       //   highway: 'service',
-       //   service: 'driveway',
-       //   width: '3'
-       // }
-       //           =
-       // {
-       //   highway: 'service',
-       //   service: [ 'driveway', 'parking_aisle' ],
-       //   width: [ '3', undefined ]
-       // }
-       function utilCombinedTags(entityIDs, graph) {
-
-           var tags = {};
-           var tagCounts = {};
-           var allKeys = new Set();
-
-           var entities = entityIDs.map(function(entityID) {
-               return graph.hasEntity(entityID);
-           }).filter(Boolean);
-
-           // gather the aggregate keys
-           entities.forEach(function(entity) {
-               var keys = Object.keys(entity.tags).filter(Boolean);
-               keys.forEach(function(key) {
-                   allKeys.add(key);
-               });
-           });
-
-           entities.forEach(function(entity) {
-
-               allKeys.forEach(function(key) {
-
-                   var value = entity.tags[key]; // purposely allow `undefined`
-
-                   if (!tags.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
-                       // first value, set as raw
-                       tags[key] = value;
-                   } else {
-                       if (!Array.isArray(tags[key])) {
-                           if (tags[key] !== value) {
-                               // first alternate value, replace single value with array
-                               tags[key] = [tags[key], value];
-                           }
-                       } else { // type is array
-                           if (tags[key].indexOf(value) === -1) {
-                               // subsequent alternate value, add to array
-                               tags[key].push(value);
-                           }
-                       }
-                   }
-
-                   var tagHash = key + '=' + value;
-                   if (!tagCounts[tagHash]) tagCounts[tagHash] = 0;
-                   tagCounts[tagHash] += 1;
-               });
-           });
-
-           for (var key in tags) {
-               if (!Array.isArray(tags[key])) continue;
-
-               // sort values by frequency then alphabetically
-               tags[key] = tags[key].sort(function(val1, val2) {
-                   var key = key; // capture
-                   var count2 = tagCounts[key + '=' + val2];
-                   var count1 = tagCounts[key + '=' + val1];
-                   if (count2 !== count1) {
-                       return count2 - count1;
-                   }
-                   if (val2 && val1) {
-                       return val1.localeCompare(val2);
-                   }
-                   return val1 ? 1 : -1;
-               });
-           }
-
-           return tags;
-       }
-
-
-       function utilStringQs(str) {
-           var i = 0;  // advance past any leading '?' or '#' characters
-           while (i < str.length && (str[i] === '?' || str[i] === '#')) i++;
-           str = str.slice(i);
-
-           return str.split('&').reduce(function(obj, pair){
-               var parts = pair.split('=');
-               if (parts.length === 2) {
-                   obj[parts[0]] = (null === parts[1]) ? '' : decodeURIComponent(parts[1]);
-               }
-               return obj;
-           }, {});
-       }
-
-
-       function utilQsString(obj, noencode) {
-           // encode everything except special characters used in certain hash parameters:
-           // "/" in map states, ":", ",", {" and "}" in background
-           function softEncode(s) {
-               return encodeURIComponent(s).replace(/(%2F|%3A|%2C|%7B|%7D)/g, decodeURIComponent);
-           }
-
-           return Object.keys(obj).sort().map(function(key) {
-               return encodeURIComponent(key) + '=' + (
-                   noencode ? softEncode(obj[key]) : encodeURIComponent(obj[key]));
-           }).join('&');
-       }
-
-
-       function utilPrefixDOMProperty(property) {
-           var prefixes = ['webkit', 'ms', 'moz', 'o'];
-           var i = -1;
-           var n = prefixes.length;
-           var s = document.body;
-
-           if (property in s)
-               return property;
-
-           property = property.substr(0, 1).toUpperCase() + property.substr(1);
-
-           while (++i < n) {
-               if (prefixes[i] + property in s) {
-                   return prefixes[i] + property;
-               }
-           }
-
-           return false;
-       }
-
-
-       function utilPrefixCSSProperty(property) {
-           var prefixes = ['webkit', 'ms', 'Moz', 'O'];
-           var i = -1;
-           var n = prefixes.length;
-           var s = document.body.style;
-
-           if (property.toLowerCase() in s) {
-               return property.toLowerCase();
-           }
-
-           while (++i < n) {
-               if (prefixes[i] + property in s) {
-                   return '-' + prefixes[i].toLowerCase() + property.replace(/([A-Z])/g, '-$1').toLowerCase();
-               }
-           }
-
-           return false;
-       }
-
-
-       var transformProperty;
-       function utilSetTransform(el, x, y, scale) {
-           var prop = transformProperty = transformProperty || utilPrefixCSSProperty('Transform');
-           var translate = utilDetect().opera ? 'translate('   + x + 'px,' + y + 'px)'
-               : 'translate3d(' + x + 'px,' + y + 'px,0)';
-           return el.style(prop, translate + (scale ? ' scale(' + scale + ')' : ''));
-       }
-
-
-       // Calculates Levenshtein distance between two strings
-       // see:  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenshtein_distance
-       // first converts the strings to lowercase and replaces diacritic marks with ascii equivalents.
-       function utilEditDistance(a, b) {
-           a = remove$1(a.toLowerCase());
-           b = remove$1(b.toLowerCase());
-           if (a.length === 0) return b.length;
-           if (b.length === 0) return a.length;
-           var matrix = [];
-           for (var i = 0; i <= b.length; i++) { matrix[i] = [i]; }
-           for (var j = 0; j <= a.length; j++) { matrix[0][j] = j; }
-           for (i = 1; i <= b.length; i++) {
-               for (j = 1; j <= a.length; j++) {
-                   if (b.charAt(i-1) === a.charAt(j-1)) {
-                       matrix[i][j] = matrix[i-1][j-1];
-                   } else {
-                       matrix[i][j] = Math.min(matrix[i-1][j-1] + 1, // substitution
-                           Math.min(matrix[i][j-1] + 1, // insertion
-                           matrix[i-1][j] + 1)); // deletion
-                   }
-               }
-           }
-           return matrix[b.length][a.length];
-       }
-
-
-       // a d3.mouse-alike which
-       // 1. Only works on HTML elements, not SVG
-       // 2. Does not cause style recalculation
-       function utilFastMouse(container) {
-           var rect = container.getBoundingClientRect();
-           var rectLeft = rect.left;
-           var rectTop = rect.top;
-           var clientLeft = +container.clientLeft;
-           var clientTop = +container.clientTop;
-           return function(e) {
-               return [
-                   e.clientX - rectLeft - clientLeft,
-                   e.clientY - rectTop - clientTop];
-           };
-       }
-
-
-       function utilAsyncMap(inputs, func, callback) {
-           var remaining = inputs.length;
-           var results = [];
-           var errors = [];
-
-           inputs.forEach(function(d, i) {
-               func(d, function done(err, data) {
-                   errors[i] = err;
-                   results[i] = data;
-                   remaining--;
-                   if (!remaining) callback(errors, results);
-               });
-           });
-       }
-
-
-       // wraps an index to an interval [0..length-1]
-       function utilWrap(index, length) {
-           if (index < 0) {
-               index += Math.ceil(-index/length)*length;
-           }
-           return index % length;
-       }
-
-
-       /**
-        * a replacement for functor
-        *
-        * @param {*} value any value
-        * @returns {Function} a function that returns that value or the value if it's a function
-        */
-       function utilFunctor(value) {
-           if (typeof value === 'function') return value;
-           return function() {
-               return value;
-           };
-       }
-
-
-       function utilNoAuto(selection) {
-           var isText = (selection.size() && selection.node().tagName.toLowerCase() === 'textarea');
-
-           return selection
-               // assign 'new-password' even for non-password fields to prevent browsers (Chrome) ignoring 'off'
-               .attr('autocomplete', 'new-password')
-               .attr('autocorrect', 'off')
-               .attr('autocapitalize', 'off')
-               .attr('spellcheck', isText ? 'true' : 'false');
-       }
-
-
-       // https://stackoverflow.com/questions/194846/is-there-any-kind-of-hash-code-function-in-javascript
-       // https://werxltd.com/wp/2010/05/13/javascript-implementation-of-javas-string-hashcode-method/
-       function utilHashcode(str) {
-           var hash = 0;
-           if (str.length === 0) {
-               return hash;
-           }
-           for (var i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
-               var char = str.charCodeAt(i);
-               hash = ((hash << 5) - hash) + char;
-               hash = hash & hash; // Convert to 32bit integer
-           }
-           return hash;
-       }
-
-       // Returns version of `str` with all runs of special characters replaced by `_`;
-       // suitable for HTML ids, classes, selectors, etc.
-       function utilSafeClassName(str) {
-           return str.toLowerCase().replace(/[^a-z0-9]+/g, '_');
-       }
-
-       // Returns string based on `val` that is highly unlikely to collide with an id
-       // used previously or that's present elsewhere in the document. Useful for preventing
-       // browser-provided autofills or when embedding iD on pages with unknown elements.
-       function utilUniqueDomId(val) {
-           return 'ideditor-' + utilSafeClassName(val.toString()) + '-' + new Date().getTime().toString();
-       }
-
-       // Returns the length of `str` in unicode characters. This can be less than
-       // `String.length()` since a single unicode character can be composed of multiple
-       // JavaScript UTF-16 code units.
-       function utilUnicodeCharsCount(str) {
-           // Native ES2015 implementations of `Array.from` split strings into unicode characters
-           return Array.from(str).length;
-       }
-
-       // Returns a new string representing `str` cut from its start to `limit` length
-       // in unicode characters. Note that this runs the risk of splitting graphemes.
-       function utilUnicodeCharsTruncated(str, limit) {
-           return Array.from(str).slice(0, limit).join('');
-       }
-
-       function osmEntity(attrs) {
-           // For prototypal inheritance.
-           if (this instanceof osmEntity) return;
-
-           // Create the appropriate subtype.
-           if (attrs && attrs.type) {
-               return osmEntity[attrs.type].apply(this, arguments);
-           } else if (attrs && attrs.id) {
-               return osmEntity[osmEntity.id.type(attrs.id)].apply(this, arguments);
-           }
-
-           // Initialize a generic Entity (used only in tests).
-           return (new osmEntity()).initialize(arguments);
-       }
-
-
-       osmEntity.id = function(type) {
-           return osmEntity.id.fromOSM(type, osmEntity.id.next[type]--);
-       };
-
-
-       osmEntity.id.next = {
-           changeset: -1, node: -1, way: -1, relation: -1
-       };
-
-
-       osmEntity.id.fromOSM = function(type, id) {
-           return type[0] + id;
-       };
-
-
-       osmEntity.id.toOSM = function(id) {
-           return id.slice(1);
-       };
-
-
-       osmEntity.id.type = function(id) {
-           return { 'c': 'changeset', 'n': 'node', 'w': 'way', 'r': 'relation' }[id[0]];
-       };
-
-
-       // A function suitable for use as the second argument to d3.selection#data().
-       osmEntity.key = function(entity) {
-           return entity.id + 'v' + (entity.v || 0);
-       };
-
-       var _deprecatedTagValuesByKey;
-
-       osmEntity.deprecatedTagValuesByKey = function(dataDeprecated) {
-           if (!_deprecatedTagValuesByKey) {
-               _deprecatedTagValuesByKey = {};
-               dataDeprecated.forEach(function(d) {
-                   var oldKeys = Object.keys(d.old);
-                   if (oldKeys.length === 1) {
-                       var oldKey = oldKeys[0];
-                       var oldValue = d.old[oldKey];
-                       if (oldValue !== '*') {
-                           if (!_deprecatedTagValuesByKey[oldKey]) {
-                               _deprecatedTagValuesByKey[oldKey] = [oldValue];
-                           } else {
-                               _deprecatedTagValuesByKey[oldKey].push(oldValue);
-                           }
-                       }
-                   }
-               });
-           }
-           return _deprecatedTagValuesByKey;
-       };
-
-
-       osmEntity.prototype = {
-
-           tags: {},
-
-
-           initialize: function(sources) {
-               for (var i = 0; i < sources.length; ++i) {
-                   var source = sources[i];
-                   for (var prop in source) {
-                       if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, prop)) {
-                           if (source[prop] === undefined) {
-                               delete this[prop];
-                           } else {
-                               this[prop] = source[prop];
-                           }
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
-
-               if (!this.id && this.type) {
-                   this.id = osmEntity.id(this.type);
-               }
-               if (!this.hasOwnProperty('visible')) {
-                   this.visible = true;
-               }
-
-               return this;
-           },
-
-
-           copy: function(resolver, copies) {
-               if (copies[this.id])
-                   return copies[this.id];
-
-               var copy = osmEntity(this, { id: undefined, user: undefined, version: undefined });
-               copies[this.id] = copy;
-
-               return copy;
-           },
-
-
-           osmId: function() {
-               return osmEntity.id.toOSM(this.id);
-           },
-
-
-           isNew: function() {
-               return this.osmId() < 0;
-           },
-
-
-           update: function(attrs) {
-               return osmEntity(this, attrs, { v: 1 + (this.v || 0) });
-           },
-
-
-           mergeTags: function(tags) {
-               var merged = Object.assign({}, this.tags);   // shallow copy
-               var changed = false;
-               for (var k in tags) {
-                   var t1 = merged[k];
-                   var t2 = tags[k];
-                   if (!t1) {
-                       changed = true;
-                       merged[k] = t2;
-                   } else if (t1 !== t2) {
-                       changed = true;
-                       merged[k] = utilUnicodeCharsTruncated(
-                           utilArrayUnion(t1.split(/;\s*/), t2.split(/;\s*/)).join(';'),
-                           255 // avoid exceeding character limit; see also services/osm.js -> maxCharsForTagValue()
-                       );
-                   }
-               }
-               return changed ? this.update({ tags: merged }) : this;
-           },
-
-
-           intersects: function(extent, resolver) {
-               return this.extent(resolver).intersects(extent);
-           },
-
-
-           hasNonGeometryTags: function() {
-               return Object.keys(this.tags).some(function(k) { return k !== 'area'; });
-           },
-
-           hasParentRelations: function(resolver) {
-               return resolver.parentRelations(this).length > 0;
-           },
-
-           hasInterestingTags: function() {
-               return Object.keys(this.tags).some(osmIsInterestingTag);
-           },
-
-           hasWikidata: function() {
-               return !!this.tags.wikidata || !!this.tags['brand:wikidata'];
-           },
-
-           isHighwayIntersection: function() {
-               return false;
-           },
-
-           isDegenerate: function() {
-               return true;
-           },
-
-           deprecatedTags: function(dataDeprecated) {
-               var tags = this.tags;
-
-               // if there are no tags, none can be deprecated
-               if (Object.keys(tags).length === 0) return [];
-
-               var deprecated = [];
-               dataDeprecated.forEach(function(d) {
-                   var oldKeys = Object.keys(d.old);
-                   var matchesDeprecatedTags = oldKeys.every(function(oldKey) {
-                       if (!tags[oldKey]) return false;
-                       if (d.old[oldKey] === '*') return true;
-
-                       var vals = tags[oldKey].split(';').filter(Boolean);
-                       if (vals.length === 0) {
-                           return false;
-                       } else if (vals.length > 1) {
-                           return vals.indexOf(d.old[oldKey]) !== -1;
-                       } else {
-                           if (tags[oldKey] === d.old[oldKey]) {
-                               if (d.replace && d.old[oldKey] === d.replace[oldKey]) {
-                                   var replaceKeys = Object.keys(d.replace);
-                                   return !replaceKeys.every(function(replaceKey) {
-                                       return tags[replaceKey] === d.replace[replaceKey];
-                                   });
-                               } else {
-                                   return true;
-                               }
-                           }
-                       }
-                       return false;
-                   });
-                   if (matchesDeprecatedTags) {
-                       deprecated.push(d);
-                   }
-               });
-
-               return deprecated;
-           }
-       };
-
-       function osmLanes(entity) {
-           if (entity.type !== 'way') return null;
-           if (!entity.tags.highway) return null;
-
-           var tags = entity.tags;
-           var isOneWay = entity.isOneWay();
-           var laneCount = getLaneCount(tags, isOneWay);
-           var maxspeed = parseMaxspeed(tags);
-
-           var laneDirections = parseLaneDirections(tags, isOneWay, laneCount);
-           var forward = laneDirections.forward;
-           var backward = laneDirections.backward;
-           var bothways = laneDirections.bothways;
-
-           // parse the piped string 'x|y|z' format
-           var turnLanes = {};
-           turnLanes.unspecified = parseTurnLanes(tags['turn:lanes']);
-           turnLanes.forward = parseTurnLanes(tags['turn:lanes:forward']);
-           turnLanes.backward = parseTurnLanes(tags['turn:lanes:backward']);
-
-           var maxspeedLanes = {};
-           maxspeedLanes.unspecified = parseMaxspeedLanes(tags['maxspeed:lanes'], maxspeed);
-           maxspeedLanes.forward = parseMaxspeedLanes(tags['maxspeed:lanes:forward'], maxspeed);
-           maxspeedLanes.backward = parseMaxspeedLanes(tags['maxspeed:lanes:backward'], maxspeed);
-
-           var psvLanes = {};
-           psvLanes.unspecified = parseMiscLanes(tags['psv:lanes']);
-           psvLanes.forward = parseMiscLanes(tags['psv:lanes:forward']);
-           psvLanes.backward = parseMiscLanes(tags['psv:lanes:backward']);
-
-           var busLanes = {};
-           busLanes.unspecified = parseMiscLanes(tags['bus:lanes']);
-           busLanes.forward = parseMiscLanes(tags['bus:lanes:forward']);
-           busLanes.backward = parseMiscLanes(tags['bus:lanes:backward']);
-
-           var taxiLanes = {};
-           taxiLanes.unspecified = parseMiscLanes(tags['taxi:lanes']);
-           taxiLanes.forward = parseMiscLanes(tags['taxi:lanes:forward']);
-           taxiLanes.backward = parseMiscLanes(tags['taxi:lanes:backward']);
-
-           var hovLanes = {};
-           hovLanes.unspecified = parseMiscLanes(tags['hov:lanes']);
-           hovLanes.forward = parseMiscLanes(tags['hov:lanes:forward']);
-           hovLanes.backward = parseMiscLanes(tags['hov:lanes:backward']);
-
-           var hgvLanes = {};
-           hgvLanes.unspecified = parseMiscLanes(tags['hgv:lanes']);
-           hgvLanes.forward = parseMiscLanes(tags['hgv:lanes:forward']);
-           hgvLanes.backward = parseMiscLanes(tags['hgv:lanes:backward']);
-
-           var bicyclewayLanes = {};
-           bicyclewayLanes.unspecified = parseBicycleWay(tags['bicycleway:lanes']);
-           bicyclewayLanes.forward = parseBicycleWay(tags['bicycleway:lanes:forward']);
-           bicyclewayLanes.backward = parseBicycleWay(tags['bicycleway:lanes:backward']);
-
-           var lanesObj = {
-               forward: [],
-               backward: [],
-               unspecified: []
-           };
-
-           // map forward/backward/unspecified of each lane type to lanesObj
-           mapToLanesObj(lanesObj, turnLanes, 'turnLane');
-           mapToLanesObj(lanesObj, maxspeedLanes, 'maxspeed');
-           mapToLanesObj(lanesObj, psvLanes, 'psv');
-           mapToLanesObj(lanesObj, busLanes, 'bus');
-           mapToLanesObj(lanesObj, taxiLanes, 'taxi');
-           mapToLanesObj(lanesObj, hovLanes, 'hov');
-           mapToLanesObj(lanesObj, hgvLanes, 'hgv');
-           mapToLanesObj(lanesObj, bicyclewayLanes, 'bicycleway');
-
-           return {
-               metadata: {
-                   count: laneCount,
-                   oneway: isOneWay,
-                   forward: forward,
-                   backward: backward,
-                   bothways: bothways,
-                   turnLanes: turnLanes,
-                   maxspeed: maxspeed,
-                   maxspeedLanes: maxspeedLanes,
-                   psvLanes: psvLanes,
-                   busLanes: busLanes,
-                   taxiLanes: taxiLanes,
-                   hovLanes: hovLanes,
-                   hgvLanes: hgvLanes,
-                   bicyclewayLanes: bicyclewayLanes
-               },
-               lanes: lanesObj
-           };
-       }
-
-
-       function getLaneCount(tags, isOneWay) {
-           var count;
-           if (tags.lanes) {
-               count = parseInt(tags.lanes, 10);
-               if (count > 0) {
-                   return count;
-               }
-           }
-
-
-           switch (tags.highway) {
-               case 'trunk':
-               case 'motorway':
-                   count = isOneWay ? 2 : 4;
-                   break;
-               default:
-                   count = isOneWay ? 1 : 2;
-                   break;
-           }
-
-           return count;
-       }
-
-
-       function parseMaxspeed(tags) {
-           var maxspeed = tags.maxspeed;
-           if (!maxspeed) return;
-
-           var maxspeedRegex = /^([0-9][\.0-9]+?)(?:[ ]?(?:km\/h|kmh|kph|mph|knots))?$/;
-           if (!maxspeedRegex.test(maxspeed)) return;
-
-           return parseInt(maxspeed, 10);
-       }
-
-
-       function parseLaneDirections(tags, isOneWay, laneCount) {
-           var forward = parseInt(tags['lanes:forward'], 10);
-           var backward = parseInt(tags['lanes:backward'], 10);
-           var bothways = parseInt(tags['lanes:both_ways'], 10) > 0 ? 1 : 0;
-
-           if (parseInt(tags.oneway, 10) === -1) {
-               forward = 0;
-               bothways = 0;
-               backward = laneCount;
-           }
-           else if (isOneWay) {
-               forward = laneCount;
-               bothways = 0;
-               backward = 0;
-           }
-           else if (isNaN(forward) && isNaN(backward)) {
-               backward = Math.floor((laneCount - bothways) / 2);
-               forward = laneCount - bothways - backward;
-           }
-           else if (isNaN(forward)) {
-               if (backward > laneCount - bothways) {
-                   backward = laneCount - bothways;
-               }
-               forward = laneCount - bothways - backward;
-           }
-           else if (isNaN(backward)) {
-               if (forward > laneCount - bothways) {
-                   forward = laneCount - bothways;
-               }
-               backward = laneCount - bothways - forward;
-           }
-           return {
-               forward: forward,
-               backward: backward,
-               bothways: bothways
-           };
-       }
-
-
-       function parseTurnLanes(tag){
-           if (!tag) return;
-
-           var validValues = [
-               'left', 'slight_left', 'sharp_left', 'through', 'right', 'slight_right',
-               'sharp_right', 'reverse', 'merge_to_left', 'merge_to_right', 'none'
-           ];
-
-           return tag.split('|')
-               .map(function (s) {
-                   if (s === '') s = 'none';
-                   return s.split(';')
-                       .map(function (d) {
-                           return validValues.indexOf(d) === -1 ? 'unknown': d;
-                       });
-               });
-       }
-
-
-       function parseMaxspeedLanes(tag, maxspeed) {
-           if (!tag) return;
-
-           return tag.split('|')
-               .map(function (s) {
-                   if (s === 'none') return s;
-                   var m = parseInt(s, 10);
-                   if (s === '' || m === maxspeed) return null;
-                   return isNaN(m) ? 'unknown': m;
-               });
-       }
-
-
-       function parseMiscLanes(tag) {
-           if (!tag) return;
-
-           var validValues = [
-               'yes', 'no', 'designated'
-           ];
-
-           return tag.split('|')
-               .map(function (s) {
-                   if (s === '') s = 'no';
-                   return validValues.indexOf(s) === -1 ? 'unknown': s;
-               });
-       }
-
-
-       function parseBicycleWay(tag) {
-           if (!tag) return;
-
-           var validValues = [
-               'yes', 'no', 'designated', 'lane'
-           ];
-
-           return tag.split('|')
-               .map(function (s) {
-                   if (s === '') s = 'no';
-                   return validValues.indexOf(s) === -1 ? 'unknown': s;
-               });
-       }
-
-
-       function mapToLanesObj(lanesObj, data, key) {
-           if (data.forward) data.forward.forEach(function(l, i) {
-               if (!lanesObj.forward[i]) lanesObj.forward[i] = {};
-               lanesObj.forward[i][key] = l;
-           });
-           if (data.backward) data.backward.forEach(function(l, i) {
-               if (!lanesObj.backward[i]) lanesObj.backward[i] = {};
-               lanesObj.backward[i][key] = l;
-           });
-           if (data.unspecified) data.unspecified.forEach(function(l, i) {
-               if (!lanesObj.unspecified[i]) lanesObj.unspecified[i] = {};
-               lanesObj.unspecified[i][key] = l;
-           });
-       }
-
-       function osmWay() {
-           if (!(this instanceof osmWay)) {
-               return (new osmWay()).initialize(arguments);
-           } else if (arguments.length) {
-               this.initialize(arguments);
-           }
-       }
-
-
-       osmEntity.way = osmWay;
-
-       osmWay.prototype = Object.create(osmEntity.prototype);
-
-
-       Object.assign(osmWay.prototype, {
-           type: 'way',
-           nodes: [],
-
-
-           copy: function(resolver, copies) {
-               if (copies[this.id]) return copies[this.id];
-
-               var copy = osmEntity.prototype.copy.call(this, resolver, copies);
-
-               var nodes = this.nodes.map(function(id) {
-                   return resolver.entity(id).copy(resolver, copies).id;
-               });
-
-               copy = copy.update({ nodes: nodes });
-               copies[this.id] = copy;
-
-               return copy;
-           },
-
-
-           extent: function(resolver) {
-               return resolver.transient(this, 'extent', function() {
-                   var extent = geoExtent();
-                   for (var i = 0; i < this.nodes.length; i++) {
-                       var node = resolver.hasEntity(this.nodes[i]);
-                       if (node) {
-                           extent._extend(node.extent());
-                       }
-                   }
-                   return extent;
-               });
-           },
-
-
-           first: function() {
-               return this.nodes[0];
-           },
-
-
-           last: function() {
-               return this.nodes[this.nodes.length - 1];
-           },
-
-
-           contains: function(node) {
-               return this.nodes.indexOf(node) >= 0;
-           },
-
-
-           affix: function(node) {
-               if (this.nodes[0] === node) return 'prefix';
-               if (this.nodes[this.nodes.length - 1] === node) return 'suffix';
-           },
-
-
-           layer: function() {
-               // explicit layer tag, clamp between -10, 10..
-               if (isFinite(this.tags.layer)) {
-                   return Math.max(-10, Math.min(+(this.tags.layer), 10));
-               }
-
-               // implied layer tag..
-               if (this.tags.covered === 'yes') return -1;
-               if (this.tags.location === 'overground') return 1;
-               if (this.tags.location === 'underground') return -1;
-               if (this.tags.location === 'underwater') return -10;
-
-               if (this.tags.power === 'line') return 10;
-               if (this.tags.power === 'minor_line') return 10;
-               if (this.tags.aerialway) return 10;
-               if (this.tags.bridge) return 1;
-               if (this.tags.cutting) return -1;
-               if (this.tags.tunnel) return -1;
-               if (this.tags.waterway) return -1;
-               if (this.tags.man_made === 'pipeline') return -10;
-               if (this.tags.boundary) return -10;
-               return 0;
-           },
-
-
-           // the approximate width of the line based on its tags except its `width` tag
-           impliedLineWidthMeters: function() {
-               var averageWidths = {
-                   highway: { // width is for single lane
-                       motorway: 5, motorway_link: 5, trunk: 4.5, trunk_link: 4.5,
-                       primary: 4, secondary: 4, tertiary: 4,
-                       primary_link: 4, secondary_link: 4, tertiary_link: 4,
-                       unclassified: 4, road: 4, living_street: 4, bus_guideway: 4, pedestrian: 4,
-                       residential: 3.5, service: 3.5, track: 3, cycleway: 2.5,
-                       bridleway: 2, corridor: 2, steps: 2, path: 1.5, footway: 1.5
-                   },
-                   railway: { // width includes ties and rail bed, not just track gauge
-                       rail: 2.5, light_rail: 2.5, tram: 2.5, subway: 2.5,
-                       monorail: 2.5, funicular: 2.5, disused: 2.5, preserved: 2.5,
-                       miniature: 1.5, narrow_gauge: 1.5
-                   },
-                   waterway: {
-                       river: 50, canal: 25, stream: 5, tidal_channel: 5, fish_pass: 2.5, drain: 2.5, ditch: 1.5
-                   }
-               };
-               for (var key in averageWidths) {
-                   if (this.tags[key] && averageWidths[key][this.tags[key]]) {
-                       var width = averageWidths[key][this.tags[key]];
-                       if (key === 'highway') {
-                           var laneCount = this.tags.lanes && parseInt(this.tags.lanes, 10);
-                           if (!laneCount) laneCount = this.isOneWay() ? 1 : 2;
-
-                           return width * laneCount;
-                       }
-                       return width;
-                   }
-               }
-               return null;
-           },
-
-
-           isOneWay: function() {
-               // explicit oneway tag..
-               var values = {
-                   'yes': true,
-                   '1': true,
-                   '-1': true,
-                   'reversible': true,
-                   'alternating': true,
-                   'no': false,
-                   '0': false
-               };
-               if (values[this.tags.oneway] !== undefined) {
-                   return values[this.tags.oneway];
-               }
-
-               // implied oneway tag..
-               for (var key in this.tags) {
-                   if (key in osmOneWayTags && (this.tags[key] in osmOneWayTags[key]))
-                       return true;
-               }
-               return false;
-           },
-
-           // Some identifier for tag that implies that this way is "sided",
-           // i.e. the right side is the 'inside' (e.g. the right side of a
-           // natural=cliff is lower).
-           sidednessIdentifier: function() {
-               for (var key in this.tags) {
-                   var value = this.tags[key];
-                   if (key in osmRightSideIsInsideTags && (value in osmRightSideIsInsideTags[key])) {
-                       if (osmRightSideIsInsideTags[key][value] === true) {
-                           return key;
-                       } else {
-                           // if the map's value is something other than a
-                           // literal true, we should use it so we can
-                           // special case some keys (e.g. natural=coastline
-                           // is handled differently to other naturals).
-                           return osmRightSideIsInsideTags[key][value];
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
-
-               return null;
-           },
-
-           isSided: function() {
-               if (this.tags.two_sided === 'yes') {
-                   return false;
-               }
-
-               return this.sidednessIdentifier() !== null;
-           },
-
-           lanes: function() {
-               return osmLanes(this);
-           },
-
-
-           isClosed: function() {
-               return this.nodes.length > 1 && this.first() === this.last();
-           },
-
-
-           isConvex: function(resolver) {
-               if (!this.isClosed() || this.isDegenerate()) return null;
-
-               var nodes = utilArrayUniq(resolver.childNodes(this));
-               var coords = nodes.map(function(n) { return n.loc; });
-               var curr = 0;
-               var prev = 0;
-
-               for (var i = 0; i < coords.length; i++) {
-                   var o = coords[(i+1) % coords.length];
-                   var a = coords[i];
-                   var b = coords[(i+2) % coords.length];
-                   var res = geoVecCross(a, b, o);
-
-                   curr = (res > 0) ? 1 : (res < 0) ? -1 : 0;
-                   if (curr === 0) {
-                       continue;
-                   } else if (prev && curr !== prev) {
-                       return false;
-                   }
-                   prev = curr;
-               }
-               return true;
-           },
-
-           // returns an object with the tag that implies this is an area, if any
-           tagSuggestingArea: function() {
-               return osmTagSuggestingArea(this.tags);
-           },
-
-           isArea: function() {
-               if (this.tags.area === 'yes')
-                   return true;
-               if (!this.isClosed() || this.tags.area === 'no')
-                   return false;
-               return this.tagSuggestingArea() !== null;
-           },
-
-
-           isDegenerate: function() {
-               return (new Set(this.nodes).size < (this.isArea() ? 3 : 2));
-           },
-
-
-           areAdjacent: function(n1, n2) {
-               for (var i = 0; i < this.nodes.length; i++) {
-                   if (this.nodes[i] === n1) {
-                       if (this.nodes[i - 1] === n2) return true;
-                       if (this.nodes[i + 1] === n2) return true;
-                   }
-               }
-               return false;
-           },
-
-
-           geometry: function(graph) {
-               return graph.transient(this, 'geometry', function() {
-                   return this.isArea() ? 'area' : 'line';
-               });
-           },
-
-
-           // returns an array of objects representing the segments between the nodes in this way
-           segments: function(graph) {
-
-               function segmentExtent(graph) {
-                   var n1 = graph.hasEntity(this.nodes[0]);
-                   var n2 = graph.hasEntity(this.nodes[1]);
-                   return n1 && n2 && geoExtent([
-                       [
-                           Math.min(n1.loc[0], n2.loc[0]),
-                           Math.min(n1.loc[1], n2.loc[1])
-                       ],
-                       [
-                           Math.max(n1.loc[0], n2.loc[0]),
-                           Math.max(n1.loc[1], n2.loc[1])
-                       ]
-                   ]);
-               }
-
-               return graph.transient(this, 'segments', function() {
-                   var segments = [];
-                   for (var i = 0; i < this.nodes.length - 1; i++) {
-                       segments.push({
-                           id: this.id + '-' + i,
-                           wayId: this.id,
-                           index: i,
-                           nodes: [this.nodes[i], this.nodes[i + 1]],
-                           extent: segmentExtent
-                       });
-                   }
-                   return segments;
-               });
-           },
-
-
-           // If this way is not closed, append the beginning node to the end of the nodelist to close it.
-           close: function() {
-               if (this.isClosed() || !this.nodes.length) return this;
-
-               var nodes = this.nodes.slice();
-               nodes = nodes.filter(noRepeatNodes);
-               nodes.push(nodes[0]);
-               return this.update({ nodes: nodes });
-           },
-
-
-           // If this way is closed, remove any connector nodes from the end of the nodelist to unclose it.
-           unclose: function() {
-               if (!this.isClosed()) return this;
-
-               var nodes = this.nodes.slice();
-               var connector = this.first();
-               var i = nodes.length - 1;
-
-               // remove trailing connectors..
-               while (i > 0 && nodes.length > 1 && nodes[i] === connector) {
-                   nodes.splice(i, 1);
-                   i = nodes.length - 1;
-               }
-
-               nodes = nodes.filter(noRepeatNodes);
-               return this.update({ nodes: nodes });
-           },
-
-
-           // Adds a node (id) in front of the node which is currently at position index.
-           // If index is undefined, the node will be added to the end of the way for linear ways,
-           //   or just before the final connecting node for circular ways.
-           // Consecutive duplicates are eliminated including existing ones.
-           // Circularity is always preserved when adding a node.
-           addNode: function(id, index) {
-               var nodes = this.nodes.slice();
-               var isClosed = this.isClosed();
-               var max = isClosed ? nodes.length - 1 : nodes.length;
-
-               if (index === undefined) {
-                   index = max;
-               }
-
-               if (index < 0 || index > max) {
-                   throw new RangeError('index ' + index + ' out of range 0..' + max);
-               }
-
-               // If this is a closed way, remove all connector nodes except the first one
-               // (there may be duplicates) and adjust index if necessary..
-               if (isClosed) {
-                   var connector = this.first();
-
-                   // leading connectors..
-                   var i = 1;
-                   while (i < nodes.length && nodes.length > 2 && nodes[i] === connector) {
-                       nodes.splice(i, 1);
-                       if (index > i) index--;
-                   }
-
-                   // trailing connectors..
-                   i = nodes.length - 1;
-                   while (i > 0 && nodes.length > 1 && nodes[i] === connector) {
-                       nodes.splice(i, 1);
-                       if (index > i) index--;
-                       i = nodes.length - 1;
-                   }
-               }
-
-               nodes.splice(index, 0, id);
-               nodes = nodes.filter(noRepeatNodes);
-
-               // If the way was closed before, append a connector node to keep it closed..
-               if (isClosed && (nodes.length === 1 || nodes[0] !== nodes[nodes.length - 1])) {
-                   nodes.push(nodes[0]);
-               }
-
-               return this.update({ nodes: nodes });
-           },
-
-
-           // Replaces the node which is currently at position index with the given node (id).
-           // Consecutive duplicates are eliminated including existing ones.
-           // Circularity is preserved when updating a node.
-           updateNode: function(id, index) {
-               var nodes = this.nodes.slice();
-               var isClosed = this.isClosed();
-               var max = nodes.length - 1;
-
-               if (index === undefined || index < 0 || index > max) {
-                   throw new RangeError('index ' + index + ' out of range 0..' + max);
-               }
-
-               // If this is a closed way, remove all connector nodes except the first one
-               // (there may be duplicates) and adjust index if necessary..
-               if (isClosed) {
-                   var connector = this.first();
-
-                   // leading connectors..
-                   var i = 1;
-                   while (i < nodes.length && nodes.length > 2 && nodes[i] === connector) {
-                       nodes.splice(i, 1);
-                       if (index > i) index--;
-                   }
-
-                   // trailing connectors..
-                   i = nodes.length - 1;
-                   while (i > 0 && nodes.length > 1 && nodes[i] === connector) {
-                       nodes.splice(i, 1);
-                       if (index === i) index = 0;  // update leading connector instead
-                       i = nodes.length - 1;
-                   }
-               }
-
-               nodes.splice(index, 1, id);
-               nodes = nodes.filter(noRepeatNodes);
-
-               // If the way was closed before, append a connector node to keep it closed..
-               if (isClosed && (nodes.length === 1 || nodes[0] !== nodes[nodes.length - 1])) {
-                   nodes.push(nodes[0]);
-               }
-
-               return this.update({nodes: nodes});
-           },
-
-
-           // Replaces each occurrence of node id needle with replacement.
-           // Consecutive duplicates are eliminated including existing ones.
-           // Circularity is preserved.
-           replaceNode: function(needleID, replacementID) {
-               var nodes = this.nodes.slice();
-               var isClosed = this.isClosed();
-
-               for (var i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) {
-                   if (nodes[i] === needleID) {
-                       nodes[i] = replacementID;
-                   }
-               }
-
-               nodes = nodes.filter(noRepeatNodes);
-
-               // If the way was closed before, append a connector node to keep it closed..
-               if (isClosed && (nodes.length === 1 || nodes[0] !== nodes[nodes.length - 1])) {
-                   nodes.push(nodes[0]);
-               }
-
-               return this.update({nodes: nodes});
-           },
-
-
-           // Removes each occurrence of node id.
-           // Consecutive duplicates are eliminated including existing ones.
-           // Circularity is preserved.
-           removeNode: function(id) {
-               var nodes = this.nodes.slice();
-               var isClosed = this.isClosed();
-
-               nodes = nodes
-                   .filter(function(node) { return node !== id; })
-                   .filter(noRepeatNodes);
-
-               // If the way was closed before, append a connector node to keep it closed..
-               if (isClosed && (nodes.length === 1 || nodes[0] !== nodes[nodes.length - 1])) {
-                   nodes.push(nodes[0]);
-               }
-
-               return this.update({nodes: nodes});
-           },
-
-
-           asJXON: function(changeset_id) {
-               var r = {
-                   way: {
-                       '@id': this.osmId(),
-                       '@version': this.version || 0,
-                       nd: this.nodes.map(function(id) {
-                           return { keyAttributes: { ref: osmEntity.id.toOSM(id) } };
-                       }, this),
-                       tag: Object.keys(this.tags).map(function(k) {
-                           return { keyAttributes: { k: k, v: this.tags[k] } };
-                       }, this)
-                   }
-               };
-               if (changeset_id) {
-                   r.way['@changeset'] = changeset_id;
-               }
-               return r;
-           },
-
-
-           asGeoJSON: function(resolver) {
-               return resolver.transient(this, 'GeoJSON', function() {
-                   var coordinates = resolver.childNodes(this)
-                       .map(function(n) { return n.loc; });
-
-                   if (this.isArea() && this.isClosed()) {
-                       return {
-                           type: 'Polygon',
-                           coordinates: [coordinates]
-                       };
-                   } else {
-                       return {
-                           type: 'LineString',
-                           coordinates: coordinates
-                       };
-                   }
-               });
-           },
-
-
-           area: function(resolver) {
-               return resolver.transient(this, 'area', function() {
-                   var nodes = resolver.childNodes(this);
-
-                   var json = {
-                       type: 'Polygon',
-                       coordinates: [ nodes.map(function(n) { return n.loc; }) ]
-                   };
-
-                   if (!this.isClosed() && nodes.length) {
-                       json.coordinates[0].push(nodes[0].loc);
-                   }
-
-                   var area = d3_geoArea(json);
-
-                   // Heuristic for detecting counterclockwise winding order. Assumes
-                   // that OpenStreetMap polygons are not hemisphere-spanning.
-                   if (area > 2 * Math.PI) {
-                       json.coordinates[0] = json.coordinates[0].reverse();
-                       area = d3_geoArea(json);
-                   }
-
-                   return isNaN(area) ? 0 : area;
-               });
-           }
-       });
-
-
-       // Filter function to eliminate consecutive duplicates.
-       function noRepeatNodes(node, i, arr) {
-           return i === 0 || node !== arr[i - 1];
-       }
-
-       // "Old" multipolyons, previously known as "simple" multipolygons, are as follows:
-       //
-       // 1. Relation tagged with `type=multipolygon` and no interesting tags.
-       // 2. One and only one member with the `outer` role. Must be a way with interesting tags.
-       // 3. No members without a role.
-       //
-       // Old multipolygons are no longer recommended but are still rendered as areas by iD.
-
-       function osmOldMultipolygonOuterMemberOfRelation(entity, graph) {
-           if (entity.type !== 'relation' ||
-               !entity.isMultipolygon()
-               || Object.keys(entity.tags).filter(osmIsInterestingTag).length > 1) {
-               return false;
-           }
-
-           var outerMember;
-           for (var memberIndex in entity.members) {
-               var member = entity.members[memberIndex];
-               if (!member.role || member.role === 'outer') {
-                   if (outerMember) return false;
-                   if (member.type !== 'way') return false;
-                   if (!graph.hasEntity(member.id)) return false;
-
-                   outerMember = graph.entity(member.id);
-
-                   if (Object.keys(outerMember.tags).filter(osmIsInterestingTag).length === 0) {
-                       return false;
-                   }
-               }
-           }
-
-           return outerMember;
-       }
-
-       // For fixing up rendering of multipolygons with tags on the outer member.
-       // https://github.com/openstreetmap/iD/issues/613
-       function osmIsOldMultipolygonOuterMember(entity, graph) {
-           if (entity.type !== 'way' || Object.keys(entity.tags).filter(osmIsInterestingTag).length === 0)
-               return false;
-
-           var parents = graph.parentRelations(entity);
-           if (parents.length !== 1)
-               return false;
-
-           var parent = parents[0];
-           if (!parent.isMultipolygon() || Object.keys(parent.tags).filter(osmIsInterestingTag).length > 1)
-               return false;
-
-           var members = parent.members, member;
-           for (var i = 0; i < members.length; i++) {
-               member = members[i];
-               if (member.id === entity.id && member.role && member.role !== 'outer')
-                   return false; // Not outer member
-               if (member.id !== entity.id && (!member.role || member.role === 'outer'))
-                   return false; // Not a simple multipolygon
-           }
-
-           return parent;
-       }
-
-
-       function osmOldMultipolygonOuterMember(entity, graph) {
-           if (entity.type !== 'way')
-               return false;
-
-           var parents = graph.parentRelations(entity);
-           if (parents.length !== 1)
-               return false;
-
-           var parent = parents[0];
-           if (!parent.isMultipolygon() || Object.keys(parent.tags).filter(osmIsInterestingTag).length > 1)
-               return false;
-
-           var members = parent.members, member, outerMember;
-           for (var i = 0; i < members.length; i++) {
-               member = members[i];
-               if (!member.role || member.role === 'outer') {
-                   if (outerMember)
-                       return false; // Not a simple multipolygon
-                   outerMember = member;
-               }
-           }
-
-           if (!outerMember)
-               return false;
-
-           var outerEntity = graph.hasEntity(outerMember.id);
-           if (!outerEntity || !Object.keys(outerEntity.tags).filter(osmIsInterestingTag).length)
-               return false;
-
-           return outerEntity;
-       }
-
-
-       // Join `toJoin` array into sequences of connecting ways.
-
-       // Segments which share identical start/end nodes will, as much as possible,
-       // be connected with each other.
-       //
-       // The return value is a nested array. Each constituent array contains elements
-       // of `toJoin` which have been determined to connect.
-       //
-       // Each consitituent array also has a `nodes` property whose value is an
-       // ordered array of member nodes, with appropriate order reversal and
-       // start/end coordinate de-duplication.
-       //
-       // Members of `toJoin` must have, at minimum, `type` and `id` properties.
-       // Thus either an array of `osmWay`s or a relation member array may be used.
-       //
-       // If an member is an `osmWay`, its tags and childnodes may be reversed via
-       // `actionReverse` in the output.
-       //
-       // The returned sequences array also has an `actions` array property, containing
-       // any reversal actions that should be applied to the graph, should the calling
-       // code attempt to actually join the given ways.
-       //
-       // Incomplete members (those for which `graph.hasEntity(element.id)` returns
-       // false) and non-way members are ignored.
-       //
-       function osmJoinWays(toJoin, graph) {
-           function resolve(member) {
-               return graph.childNodes(graph.entity(member.id));
-           }
-
-           function reverse(item) {
-               var action = actionReverse(item.id, { reverseOneway: true });
-               sequences.actions.push(action);
-               return (item instanceof osmWay) ? action(graph).entity(item.id) : item;
-           }
-
-           // make a copy containing only the items to join
-           toJoin = toJoin.filter(function(member) {
-               return member.type === 'way' && graph.hasEntity(member.id);
-           });
-
-           // Are the things we are joining relation members or `osmWays`?
-           // If `osmWays`, skip the "prefer a forward path" code below (see #4872)
-           var i;
-           var joinAsMembers = true;
-           for (i = 0; i < toJoin.length; i++) {
-               if (toJoin[i] instanceof osmWay) {
-                   joinAsMembers = false;
-                   break;
-               }
-           }
-
-           var sequences = [];
-           sequences.actions = [];
-
-           while (toJoin.length) {
-               // start a new sequence
-               var item = toJoin.shift();
-               var currWays = [item];
-               var currNodes = resolve(item).slice();
-               var doneSequence = false;
-
-               // add to it
-               while (toJoin.length && !doneSequence) {
-                   var start = currNodes[0];
-                   var end = currNodes[currNodes.length - 1];
-                   var fn = null;
-                   var nodes = null;
-
-                   // Find the next way/member to join.
-                   for (i = 0; i < toJoin.length; i++) {
-                       item = toJoin[i];
-                       nodes = resolve(item);
-
-                       // (for member ordering only, not way ordering - see #4872)
-                       // Strongly prefer to generate a forward path that preserves the order
-                       // of the members array. For multipolygons and most relations, member
-                       // order does not matter - but for routes, it does. (see #4589)
-                       // If we started this sequence backwards (i.e. next member way attaches to
-                       // the start node and not the end node), reverse the initial way before continuing.
-                       if (joinAsMembers && currWays.length === 1 && nodes[0] !== end && nodes[nodes.length - 1] !== end &&
-                           (nodes[nodes.length - 1] === start || nodes[0] === start)
-                       ) {
-                           currWays[0] = reverse(currWays[0]);
-                           currNodes.reverse();
-                           start = currNodes[0];
-                           end = currNodes[currNodes.length - 1];
-                       }
-
-                       if (nodes[0] === end) {
-                           fn = currNodes.push;               // join to end
-                           nodes = nodes.slice(1);
-                           break;
-                       } else if (nodes[nodes.length - 1] === end) {
-                           fn = currNodes.push;               // join to end
-                           nodes = nodes.slice(0, -1).reverse();
-                           item = reverse(item);
-                           break;
-                       } else if (nodes[nodes.length - 1] === start) {
-                           fn = currNodes.unshift;            // join to beginning
-                           nodes = nodes.slice(0, -1);
-                           break;
-                       } else if (nodes[0] === start) {
-                           fn = currNodes.unshift;            // join to beginning
-                           nodes = nodes.slice(1).reverse();
-                           item = reverse(item);
-                           break;
-                       } else {
-                           fn = nodes = null;
-                       }
-                   }
-
-                   if (!nodes) {     // couldn't find a joinable way/member
-                       doneSequence = true;
-                       break;
-                   }
-
-                   fn.apply(currWays, [item]);
-                   fn.apply(currNodes, nodes);
-
-                   toJoin.splice(i, 1);
-               }
-
-               currWays.nodes = currNodes;
-               sequences.push(currWays);
-           }
-
-           return sequences;
-       }
-
-       function actionAddMember(relationId, member, memberIndex, insertPair) {
-
-           return function action(graph) {
-               var relation = graph.entity(relationId);
-
-               // There are some special rules for Public Transport v2 routes.
-               var isPTv2 = /stop|platform/.test(member.role);
-
-               if ((isNaN(memberIndex) || insertPair) && member.type === 'way' && !isPTv2) {
-                   // Try to perform sensible inserts based on how the ways join together
-                   graph = addWayMember(relation, graph);
-               } else {
-                   // see https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Public_transport#Service_routes
-                   // Stops and Platforms for PTv2 should be ordered first.
-                   // hack: We do not currently have the ability to place them in the exactly correct order.
-                   if (isPTv2 && isNaN(memberIndex)) {
-                       memberIndex = 0;
-                   }
-
-                   graph = graph.replace(relation.addMember(member, memberIndex));
-               }
-
-               return graph;
-           };
-
-
-           // Add a way member into the relation "wherever it makes sense".
-           // In this situation we were not supplied a memberIndex.
-           function addWayMember(relation, graph) {
-               var groups, tempWay, item, i, j, k;
-
-               // remove PTv2 stops and platforms before doing anything.
-               var PTv2members = [];
-               var members = [];
-               for (i = 0; i < relation.members.length; i++) {
-                   var m = relation.members[i];
-                   if (/stop|platform/.test(m.role)) {
-                       PTv2members.push(m);
-                   } else {
-                       members.push(m);
-                   }
-               }
-               relation = relation.update({ members: members });
-
-
-               if (insertPair) {
-                   // We're adding a member that must stay paired with an existing member.
-                   // (This feature is used by `actionSplit`)
-                   //
-                   // This is tricky because the members may exist multiple times in the
-                   // member list, and with different A-B/B-A ordering and different roles.
-                   // (e.g. a bus route that loops out and back - #4589).
-                   //
-                   // Replace the existing member with a temporary way,
-                   // so that `osmJoinWays` can treat the pair like a single way.
-                   tempWay = osmWay({ id: 'wTemp', nodes: insertPair.nodes });
-                   graph = graph.replace(tempWay);
-                   var tempMember = { id: tempWay.id, type: 'way', role: member.role };
-                   var tempRelation = relation.replaceMember({id: insertPair.originalID}, tempMember, true);
-                   groups = utilArrayGroupBy(tempRelation.members, 'type');
-                   groups.way = groups.way || [];
-
-               } else {
-                   // Add the member anywhere, one time. Just push and let `osmJoinWays` decide where to put it.
-                   groups = utilArrayGroupBy(relation.members, 'type');
-                   groups.way = groups.way || [];
-                   groups.way.push(member);
-               }
-
-               members = withIndex(groups.way);
-               var joined = osmJoinWays(members, graph);
-
-               // `joined` might not contain all of the way members,
-               // But will contain only the completed (downloaded) members
-               for (i = 0; i < joined.length; i++) {
-                   var segment = joined[i];
-                   var nodes = segment.nodes.slice();
-                   var startIndex = segment[0].index;
-
-                   // j = array index in `members` where this segment starts
-                   for (j = 0; j < members.length; j++) {
-                       if (members[j].index === startIndex) {
-                           break;
-                       }
-                   }
-
-                   // k = each member in segment
-                   for (k = 0; k < segment.length; k++) {
-                       item = segment[k];
-                       var way = graph.entity(item.id);
-
-                       // If this is a paired item, generate members in correct order and role
-                       if (tempWay && item.id === tempWay.id) {
-                           if (nodes[0].id === insertPair.nodes[0]) {
-                               item.pair = [
-                                   { id: insertPair.originalID, type: 'way', role: item.role },
-                                   { id: insertPair.insertedID, type: 'way', role: item.role }
-                               ];
-                           } else {
-                               item.pair = [
-                                   { id: insertPair.insertedID, type: 'way', role: item.role },
-                                   { id: insertPair.originalID, type: 'way', role: item.role }
-                               ];
-                           }
-                       }
-
-                       // reorder `members` if necessary
-                       if (k > 0) {
-                           if (j+k >= members.length || item.index !== members[j+k].index) {
-                               moveMember(members, item.index, j+k);
-                           }
-                       }
-
-                       nodes.splice(0, way.nodes.length - 1);
-                   }
-               }
-
-               if (tempWay) {
-                   graph = graph.remove(tempWay);
-               }
-
-               // Final pass: skip dead items, split pairs, remove index properties
-               var wayMembers = [];
-               for (i = 0; i < members.length; i++) {
-                   item = members[i];
-                   if (item.index === -1) continue;
-
-                   if (item.pair) {
-                       wayMembers.push(item.pair[0]);
-                       wayMembers.push(item.pair[1]);
-                   } else {
-                       wayMembers.push(utilObjectOmit(item, ['index']));
-                   }
-               }
-
-               // Put stops and platforms first, then nodes, ways, relations
-               // This is recommended for Public Transport v2 routes:
-               // see https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Public_transport#Service_routes
-               var newMembers = PTv2members.concat( (groups.node || []), wayMembers, (groups.relation || []) );
-
-               return graph.replace(relation.update({ members: newMembers }));
-
-
-               // `moveMember()` changes the `members` array in place by splicing
-               // the item with `.index = findIndex` to where it belongs,
-               // and marking the old position as "dead" with `.index = -1`
-               //
-               // j=5, k=0                jk
-               // segment                 5 4 7 6
-               // members       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9        keep 5 in j+k
-               //
-               // j=5, k=1                j k
-               // segment                 5 4 7 6
-               // members       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9        move 4 to j+k
-               // members       0 1 2 3 x 5 4 6 7 8 9      moved
-               //
-               // j=5, k=2                j   k
-               // segment                 5 4 7 6
-               // members       0 1 2 3 x 5 4 6 7 8 9      move 7 to j+k
-               // members       0 1 2 3 x 5 4 7 6 x 8 9    moved
-               //
-               // j=5, k=3                j     k
-               // segment                 5 4 7 6
-               // members       0 1 2 3 x 5 4 7 6 x 8 9    keep 6 in j+k
-               //
-               function moveMember(arr, findIndex, toIndex) {
-                   for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
-                       if (arr[i].index === findIndex) {
-                           break;
-                       }
-                   }
-
-                   var item = Object.assign({}, arr[i]);   // shallow copy
-                   arr[i].index = -1;   // mark as dead
-                   item.index = toIndex;
-                   arr.splice(toIndex, 0, item);
-               }
-
-
-               // This is the same as `Relation.indexedMembers`,
-               // Except we don't want to index all the members, only the ways
-               function withIndex(arr) {
-                   var result = new Array(arr.length);
-                   for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
-                       result[i] = Object.assign({}, arr[i]);   // shallow copy
-                       result[i].index = i;
-                   }
-                   return result;
-               }
-           }
-
-       }
-
-       function actionAddMidpoint(midpoint, node) {
-           return function(graph) {
-               graph = graph.replace(node.move(midpoint.loc));
-
-               var parents = utilArrayIntersection(
-                   graph.parentWays(graph.entity(midpoint.edge[0])),
-                   graph.parentWays(graph.entity(midpoint.edge[1]))
-               );
-
-               parents.forEach(function(way) {
-                   for (var i = 0; i < way.nodes.length - 1; i++) {
-                       if (geoEdgeEqual([way.nodes[i], way.nodes[i + 1]], midpoint.edge)) {
-                           graph = graph.replace(graph.entity(way.id).addNode(node.id, i + 1));
-
-                           // Add only one midpoint on doubled-back segments,
-                           // turning them into self-intersections.
-                           return;
-                       }
-                   }
-               });
-
-               return graph;
-           };
-       }
-
-       // https://github.com/openstreetmap/potlatch2/blob/master/net/systemeD/halcyon/connection/actions/AddNodeToWayAction.as
-       function actionAddVertex(wayId, nodeId, index) {
-           return function(graph) {
-               return graph.replace(graph.entity(wayId).addNode(nodeId, index));
-           };
-       }
-
-       function actionChangeMember(relationId, member, memberIndex) {
-           return function(graph) {
-               return graph.replace(graph.entity(relationId).updateMember(member, memberIndex));
-           };
-       }
-
-       function actionChangePreset(entityID, oldPreset, newPreset, skipFieldDefaults) {
-           return function action(graph) {
-               var entity = graph.entity(entityID);
-               var geometry = entity.geometry(graph);
-               var tags = entity.tags;
-
-               if (oldPreset) tags = oldPreset.unsetTags(tags, geometry);
-               if (newPreset) tags = newPreset.setTags(tags, geometry, skipFieldDefaults);
-
-               return graph.replace(entity.update({tags: tags}));
-           };
-       }
-
-       function actionChangeTags(entityId, tags) {
-           return function(graph) {
-               var entity = graph.entity(entityId);
-               return graph.replace(entity.update({tags: tags}));
-           };
-       }
-
-       function osmNode() {
-           if (!(this instanceof osmNode)) {
-               return (new osmNode()).initialize(arguments);
-           } else if (arguments.length) {
-               this.initialize(arguments);
-           }
-       }
-
-       osmEntity.node = osmNode;
-
-       osmNode.prototype = Object.create(osmEntity.prototype);
-
-       Object.assign(osmNode.prototype, {
-           type: 'node',
-           loc: [9999, 9999],
-
-           extent: function() {
-               return new geoExtent(this.loc);
-           },
-
-
-           geometry: function(graph) {
-               return graph.transient(this, 'geometry', function() {
-                   return graph.isPoi(this) ? 'point' : 'vertex';
-               });
-           },
-
-
-           move: function(loc) {
-               return this.update({loc: loc});
-           },
-
-
-           isDegenerate: function() {
-               return !(
-                   Array.isArray(this.loc) && this.loc.length === 2 &&
-                   this.loc[0] >= -180 && this.loc[0] <= 180 &&
-                   this.loc[1] >= -90 && this.loc[1] <= 90
-               );
-           },
-
-
-           // Inspect tags and geometry to determine which direction(s) this node/vertex points
-           directions: function(resolver, projection) {
-               var val;
-               var i;
-
-               // which tag to use?
-               if (this.isHighwayIntersection(resolver) && (this.tags.stop || '').toLowerCase() === 'all') {
-                   // all-way stop tag on a highway intersection
-                   val = 'all';
-               } else {
-                   // generic direction tag
-                   val = (this.tags.direction || '').toLowerCase();
-
-                   // better suffix-style direction tag
-                   var re = /:direction$/i;
-                   var keys = Object.keys(this.tags);
-                   for (i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
-                       if (re.test(keys[i])) {
-                           val = this.tags[keys[i]].toLowerCase();
-                           break;
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
-
-               if (val === '') return [];
-
-               var cardinal = {
-                   north: 0,               n: 0,
-                   northnortheast: 22,     nne: 22,
-                   northeast: 45,          ne: 45,
-                   eastnortheast: 67,      ene: 67,
-                   east: 90,               e: 90,
-                   eastsoutheast: 112,     ese: 112,
-                   southeast: 135,         se: 135,
-                   southsoutheast: 157,    sse: 157,
-                   south: 180,             s: 180,
-                   southsouthwest: 202,    ssw: 202,
-                   southwest: 225,         sw: 225,
-                   westsouthwest: 247,     wsw: 247,
-                   west: 270,              w: 270,
-                   westnorthwest: 292,     wnw: 292,
-                   northwest: 315,         nw: 315,
-                   northnorthwest: 337,    nnw: 337
-               };
-
-
-               var values = val.split(';');
-               var results = [];
-
-               values.forEach(function(v) {
-                   // swap cardinal for numeric directions
-                   if (cardinal[v] !== undefined) {
-                       v = cardinal[v];
-                   }
-
-                   // numeric direction - just add to results
-                   if (v !== '' && !isNaN(+v)) {
-                       results.push(+v);
-                       return;
-                   }
-
-                   // string direction - inspect parent ways
-                   var lookBackward =
-                       (this.tags['traffic_sign:backward'] || v === 'backward' || v === 'both' || v === 'all');
-                   var lookForward =
-                       (this.tags['traffic_sign:forward'] || v === 'forward' || v === 'both' || v === 'all');
-
-                   if (!lookForward && !lookBackward) return;
-
-                   var nodeIds = {};
-                   resolver.parentWays(this).forEach(function(parent) {
-                       var nodes = parent.nodes;
-                       for (i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) {
-                           if (nodes[i] === this.id) {  // match current entity
-                               if (lookForward && i > 0) {
-                                   nodeIds[nodes[i - 1]] = true;  // look back to prev node
-                               }
-                               if (lookBackward && i < nodes.length - 1) {
-                                   nodeIds[nodes[i + 1]] = true;  // look ahead to next node
-                               }
-                           }
-                       }
-                   }, this);
-
-                   Object.keys(nodeIds).forEach(function(nodeId) {
-                       // +90 because geoAngle returns angle from X axis, not Y (north)
-                       results.push(
-                           (geoAngle(this, resolver.entity(nodeId), projection) * (180 / Math.PI)) + 90
-                       );
-                   }, this);
-
-               }, this);
-
-               return utilArrayUniq(results);
-           },
-
-
-           isEndpoint: function(resolver) {
-               return resolver.transient(this, 'isEndpoint', function() {
-                   var id = this.id;
-                   return resolver.parentWays(this).filter(function(parent) {
-                       return !parent.isClosed() && !!parent.affix(id);
-                   }).length > 0;
-               });
-           },
-
-
-           isConnected: function(resolver) {
-               return resolver.transient(this, 'isConnected', function() {
-                   var parents = resolver.parentWays(this);
-
-                   if (parents.length > 1) {
-                       // vertex is connected to multiple parent ways
-                       for (var i in parents) {
-                           if (parents[i].geometry(resolver) === 'line' &&
-                               parents[i].hasInterestingTags()) return true;
-                       }
-                   } else if (parents.length === 1) {
-                       var way = parents[0];
-                       var nodes = way.nodes.slice();
-                       if (way.isClosed()) { nodes.pop(); }  // ignore connecting node if closed
-
-                       // return true if vertex appears multiple times (way is self intersecting)
-                       return nodes.indexOf(this.id) !== nodes.lastIndexOf(this.id);
-                   }
-
-                   return false;
-               });
-           },
-
-
-           parentIntersectionWays: function(resolver) {
-               return resolver.transient(this, 'parentIntersectionWays', function() {
-                   return resolver.parentWays(this).filter(function(parent) {
-                       return (parent.tags.highway ||
-                           parent.tags.waterway ||
-                           parent.tags.railway ||
-                           parent.tags.aeroway) &&
-                           parent.geometry(resolver) === 'line';
-                   });
-               });
-           },
-
-
-           isIntersection: function(resolver) {
-               return this.parentIntersectionWays(resolver).length > 1;
-           },
-
-
-           isHighwayIntersection: function(resolver) {
-               return resolver.transient(this, 'isHighwayIntersection', function() {
-                   return resolver.parentWays(this).filter(function(parent) {
-                       return parent.tags.highway && parent.geometry(resolver) === 'line';
-                   }).length > 1;
-               });
-           },
-
-
-           isOnAddressLine: function(resolver) {
-               return resolver.transient(this, 'isOnAddressLine', function() {
-                   return resolver.parentWays(this).filter(function(parent) {
-                       return parent.tags.hasOwnProperty('addr:interpolation') &&
-                           parent.geometry(resolver) === 'line';
-                   }).length > 0;
-               });
-           },
-
-
-           asJXON: function(changeset_id) {
-               var r = {
-                   node: {
-                       '@id': this.osmId(),
-                       '@lon': this.loc[0],
-                       '@lat': this.loc[1],
-                       '@version': (this.version || 0),
-                       tag: Object.keys(this.tags).map(function(k) {
-                           return { keyAttributes: { k: k, v: this.tags[k] } };
-                       }, this)
-                   }
-               };
-               if (changeset_id) r.node['@changeset'] = changeset_id;
-               return r;
-           },
-
-
-           asGeoJSON: function() {
-               return {
-                   type: 'Point',
-                   coordinates: this.loc
-               };
-           }
-       });
-
-       function actionCircularize(wayId, projection, maxAngle) {
-           maxAngle = (maxAngle || 20) * Math.PI / 180;
-
-
-           var action = function(graph, t) {
-               if (t === null || !isFinite(t)) t = 1;
-               t = Math.min(Math.max(+t, 0), 1);
-
-               var way = graph.entity(wayId);
-               var origNodes = {};
-
-               graph.childNodes(way).forEach(function(node) {
-                   if (!origNodes[node.id]) origNodes[node.id] = node;
-               });
-
-               if (!way.isConvex(graph)) {
-                   graph = action.makeConvex(graph);
-               }
-
-               var nodes = utilArrayUniq(graph.childNodes(way));
-               var keyNodes = nodes.filter(function(n) { return graph.parentWays(n).length !== 1; });
-               var points = nodes.map(function(n) { return projection(n.loc); });
-               var keyPoints = keyNodes.map(function(n) { return projection(n.loc); });
-               var centroid = (points.length === 2) ? geoVecInterp(points[0], points[1], 0.5) : d3_polygonCentroid(points);
-               var radius = d3_median(points, function(p) { return geoVecLength(centroid, p); });
-               var sign = d3_polygonArea(points) > 0 ? 1 : -1;
-               var ids, i, j, k;
-
-               // we need atleast two key nodes for the algorithm to work
-               if (!keyNodes.length) {
-                   keyNodes = [nodes[0]];
-                   keyPoints = [points[0]];
-               }
-
-               if (keyNodes.length === 1) {
-                   var index = nodes.indexOf(keyNodes[0]);
-                   var oppositeIndex = Math.floor((index + nodes.length / 2) % nodes.length);
-
-                   keyNodes.push(nodes[oppositeIndex]);
-                   keyPoints.push(points[oppositeIndex]);
-               }
-
-               // key points and nodes are those connected to the ways,
-               // they are projected onto the circle, inbetween nodes are moved
-               // to constant intervals between key nodes, extra inbetween nodes are
-               // added if necessary.
-               for (i = 0; i < keyPoints.length; i++) {
-                   var nextKeyNodeIndex = (i + 1) % keyNodes.length;
-                   var startNode = keyNodes[i];
-                   var endNode = keyNodes[nextKeyNodeIndex];
-                   var startNodeIndex = nodes.indexOf(startNode);
-                   var endNodeIndex = nodes.indexOf(endNode);
-                   var numberNewPoints = -1;
-                   var indexRange = endNodeIndex - startNodeIndex;
-                   var nearNodes = {};
-                   var inBetweenNodes = [];
-                   var startAngle, endAngle, totalAngle, eachAngle;
-                   var angle, loc, node, origNode;
-
-                   if (indexRange < 0) {
-                       indexRange += nodes.length;
-                   }
-
-                   // position this key node
-                   var distance = geoVecLength(centroid, keyPoints[i]) || 1e-4;
-                   keyPoints[i] = [
-                       centroid[0] + (keyPoints[i][0] - centroid[0]) / distance * radius,
-                       centroid[1] + (keyPoints[i][1] - centroid[1]) / distance * radius
-                   ];
-                   loc = projection.invert(keyPoints[i]);
-                   node = keyNodes[i];
-                   origNode = origNodes[node.id];
-                   node = node.move(geoVecInterp(origNode.loc, loc, t));
-                   graph = graph.replace(node);
-
-                   // figure out the between delta angle we want to match to
-                   startAngle = Math.atan2(keyPoints[i][1] - centroid[1], keyPoints[i][0] - centroid[0]);
-                   endAngle = Math.atan2(keyPoints[nextKeyNodeIndex][1] - centroid[1], keyPoints[nextKeyNodeIndex][0] - centroid[0]);
-                   totalAngle = endAngle - startAngle;
-
-                   // detects looping around -pi/pi
-                   if (totalAngle * sign > 0) {
-                       totalAngle = -sign * (2 * Math.PI - Math.abs(totalAngle));
-                   }
-
-                   do {
-                       numberNewPoints++;
-                       eachAngle = totalAngle / (indexRange + numberNewPoints);
-                   } while (Math.abs(eachAngle) > maxAngle);
-
-
-                   // move existing nodes
-                   for (j = 1; j < indexRange; j++) {
-                       angle = startAngle + j * eachAngle;
-                       loc = projection.invert([
-                           centroid[0] + Math.cos(angle) * radius,
-                           centroid[1] + Math.sin(angle) * radius
-                       ]);
-
-                       node = nodes[(j + startNodeIndex) % nodes.length];
-                       origNode = origNodes[node.id];
-                       nearNodes[node.id] = angle;
-
-                       node = node.move(geoVecInterp(origNode.loc, loc, t));
-                       graph = graph.replace(node);
-                   }
-
-                   // add new inbetween nodes if necessary
-                   for (j = 0; j < numberNewPoints; j++) {
-                       angle = startAngle + (indexRange + j) * eachAngle;
-                       loc = projection.invert([
-                           centroid[0] + Math.cos(angle) * radius,
-                           centroid[1] + Math.sin(angle) * radius
-                       ]);
-
-                       // choose a nearnode to use as the original
-                       var min = Infinity;
-                       for (var nodeId in nearNodes) {
-                           var nearAngle = nearNodes[nodeId];
-                           var dist = Math.abs(nearAngle - angle);
-                           if (dist < min) {
-                               dist = min;
-                               origNode = origNodes[nodeId];
-                           }
-                       }
-
-                       node = osmNode({ loc: geoVecInterp(origNode.loc, loc, t) });
-                       graph = graph.replace(node);
-
-                       nodes.splice(endNodeIndex + j, 0, node);
-                       inBetweenNodes.push(node.id);
-                   }
-
-                   // Check for other ways that share these keyNodes..
-                   // If keyNodes are adjacent in both ways,
-                   // we can add inBetween nodes to that shared way too..
-                   if (indexRange === 1 && inBetweenNodes.length) {
-                       var startIndex1 = way.nodes.lastIndexOf(startNode.id);
-                       var endIndex1 = way.nodes.lastIndexOf(endNode.id);
-                       var wayDirection1 = (endIndex1 - startIndex1);
-                       if (wayDirection1 < -1) { wayDirection1 = 1; }
-
-                       var parentWays = graph.parentWays(keyNodes[i]);
-                       for (j = 0; j < parentWays.length; j++) {
-                           var sharedWay = parentWays[j];
-                           if (sharedWay === way) continue;
-
-                           if (sharedWay.areAdjacent(startNode.id, endNode.id)) {
-                               var startIndex2 = sharedWay.nodes.lastIndexOf(startNode.id);
-                               var endIndex2 = sharedWay.nodes.lastIndexOf(endNode.id);
-                               var wayDirection2 = (endIndex2 - startIndex2);
-                               var insertAt = endIndex2;
-                               if (wayDirection2 < -1) { wayDirection2 = 1; }
-
-                               if (wayDirection1 !== wayDirection2) {
-                                   inBetweenNodes.reverse();
-                                   insertAt = startIndex2;
-                               }
-                               for (k = 0; k < inBetweenNodes.length; k++) {
-                                   sharedWay = sharedWay.addNode(inBetweenNodes[k], insertAt + k);
-                               }
-                               graph = graph.replace(sharedWay);
-                           }
-                       }
-                   }
-
-               }
-
-               // update the way to have all the new nodes
-               ids = nodes.map(function(n) { return n.id; });
-               ids.push(ids[0]);
-
-               way = way.update({nodes: ids});
-               graph = graph.replace(way);
-
-               return graph;
-           };
-
-
-           action.makeConvex = function(graph) {
-               var way = graph.entity(wayId);
-               var nodes = utilArrayUniq(graph.childNodes(way));
-               var points = nodes.map(function(n) { return projection(n.loc); });
-               var sign = d3_polygonArea(points) > 0 ? 1 : -1;
-               var hull = d3_polygonHull(points);
-               var i, j;
-
-               // D3 convex hulls go counterclockwise..
-               if (sign === -1) {
-                   nodes.reverse();
-                   points.reverse();
-               }
-
-               for (i = 0; i < hull.length - 1; i++) {
-                   var startIndex = points.indexOf(hull[i]);
-                   var endIndex = points.indexOf(hull[i+1]);
-                   var indexRange = (endIndex - startIndex);
-
-                   if (indexRange < 0) {
-                       indexRange += nodes.length;
-                   }
-
-                   // move interior nodes to the surface of the convex hull..
-                   for (j = 1; j < indexRange; j++) {
-                       var point = geoVecInterp(hull[i], hull[i+1], j / indexRange);
-                       var node = nodes[(j + startIndex) % nodes.length].move(projection.invert(point));
-                       graph = graph.replace(node);
-                   }
-               }
-               return graph;
-           };
-
-
-           action.disabled = function(graph) {
-               if (!graph.entity(wayId).isClosed()) {
-                   return 'not_closed';
-               }
-
-               //disable when already circular
-               var way = graph.entity(wayId);
-               var nodes = utilArrayUniq(graph.childNodes(way));
-               var points = nodes.map(function(n) { return projection(n.loc); });
-               var hull = d3_polygonHull(points);
-               var epsilonAngle =  Math.PI / 180;
-               if (hull.length !== points.length || hull.length < 3){
-                   return false;
-               }
-               var centroid = d3_polygonCentroid(points);
-               var radius = geoVecLengthSquare(centroid, points[0]);
-
-               // compare distances between centroid and points
-               for (var i = 0; i<hull.length; i++){
-                   var actualPoint = hull[i];
-                   var actualDist = geoVecLengthSquare(actualPoint, centroid);
-                   var diff = Math.abs(actualDist - radius);
-                   //compare distances with epsilon-error (5%)
-                   if (diff > 0.05*radius) {
-                       return false;
-                   }
-               }
-               
-               //check if central angles are smaller than maxAngle
-               for (i = 0; i<hull.length; i++){
-                   actualPoint = hull[i];
-                   var nextPoint = hull[(i+1)%hull.length];
-                   var startAngle = Math.atan2(actualPoint[1] - centroid[1], actualPoint[0] - centroid[0]);
-                   var endAngle = Math.atan2(nextPoint[1] - centroid[1], nextPoint[0] - centroid[0]);
-                   var angle = endAngle - startAngle;
-                   if (angle < 0) {
-                       angle = -angle;
-                   }
-                   if (angle > Math.PI){
-                       angle = (2*Math.PI - angle);
-                   }
-        
-                   if (angle > maxAngle + epsilonAngle) {
-                       return false;
-                   }
-               }
-               return 'already_circular';
-           };
-
-
-           action.transitionable = true;
-
-
-           return action;
-       }
-
-       // https://github.com/openstreetmap/potlatch2/blob/master/net/systemeD/halcyon/connection/actions/DeleteWayAction.as
-       function actionDeleteWay(wayID) {
-
-           function canDeleteNode(node, graph) {
-               // don't delete nodes still attached to ways or relations
-               if (graph.parentWays(node).length ||
-                   graph.parentRelations(node).length) return false;
-
-               var geometries = osmNodeGeometriesForTags(node.tags);
-               // don't delete if this node can be a standalone point
-               if (geometries.point) return false;
-               // delete if this node only be a vertex
-               if (geometries.vertex) return true;
-
-               // iD doesn't know if this should be a point or vertex,
-               // so only delete if there are no interesting tags
-               return !node.hasInterestingTags();
-           }
-
-
-           var action = function(graph) {
-               var way = graph.entity(wayID);
-
-               graph.parentRelations(way).forEach(function(parent) {
-                   parent = parent.removeMembersWithID(wayID);
-                   graph = graph.replace(parent);
-
-                   if (parent.isDegenerate()) {
-                       graph = actionDeleteRelation(parent.id)(graph);
-                   }
-               });
-
-               (new Set(way.nodes)).forEach(function(nodeID) {
-                   graph = graph.replace(way.removeNode(nodeID));
-
-                   var node = graph.entity(nodeID);
-                   if (canDeleteNode(node, graph)) {
-                       graph = graph.remove(node);
-                   }
-               });
-
-               return graph.remove(way);
-           };
-
-
-           return action;
-       }
-
-       function actionDeleteMultiple(ids) {
-           var actions = {
-               way: actionDeleteWay,
-               node: actionDeleteNode,
-               relation: actionDeleteRelation
-           };
-
-
-           var action = function(graph) {
-               ids.forEach(function(id) {
-                   if (graph.hasEntity(id)) { // It may have been deleted aready.
-                       graph = actions[graph.entity(id).type](id)(graph);
-                   }
-               });
-
-               return graph;
-           };
-
-
-           return action;
-       }
-
-       // https://github.com/openstreetmap/potlatch2/blob/master/net/systemeD/halcyon/connection/actions/DeleteRelationAction.as
-       function actionDeleteRelation(relationID, allowUntaggedMembers) {
-
-           function canDeleteEntity(entity, graph) {
-               return !graph.parentWays(entity).length &&
-                   !graph.parentRelations(entity).length &&
-                   (!entity.hasInterestingTags() && !allowUntaggedMembers);
-           }
-
-
-           var action = function(graph) {
-               var relation = graph.entity(relationID);
-
-               graph.parentRelations(relation)
-                   .forEach(function(parent) {
-                       parent = parent.removeMembersWithID(relationID);
-                       graph = graph.replace(parent);
-
-                       if (parent.isDegenerate()) {
-                           graph = actionDeleteRelation(parent.id)(graph);
-                       }
-                   });
-
-               var memberIDs = utilArrayUniq(relation.members.map(function(m) { return m.id; }));
-               memberIDs.forEach(function(memberID) {
-                   graph = graph.replace(relation.removeMembersWithID(memberID));
-
-                   var entity = graph.entity(memberID);
-                   if (canDeleteEntity(entity, graph)) {
-                       graph = actionDeleteMultiple([memberID])(graph);
-                   }
-               });
-
-               return graph.remove(relation);
-           };
-
-
-           return action;
-       }
-
-       // https://github.com/openstreetmap/potlatch2/blob/master/net/systemeD/halcyon/connection/actions/DeleteNodeAction.as
-       function actionDeleteNode(nodeId) {
-           var action = function(graph) {
-               var node = graph.entity(nodeId);
-
-               graph.parentWays(node)
-                   .forEach(function(parent) {
-                       parent = parent.removeNode(nodeId);
-                       graph = graph.replace(parent);
-
-                       if (parent.isDegenerate()) {
-                           graph = actionDeleteWay(parent.id)(graph);
-                       }
-                   });
-
-               graph.parentRelations(node)
-                   .forEach(function(parent) {
-                       parent = parent.removeMembersWithID(nodeId);
-                       graph = graph.replace(parent);
-
-                       if (parent.isDegenerate()) {
-                           graph = actionDeleteRelation(parent.id)(graph);
-                       }
-                   });
-
-               return graph.remove(node);
-           };
-
-
-           return action;
-       }
-
-       // Connect the ways at the given nodes.
-       //
-       // First choose a node to be the survivor, with preference given
-       // to an existing (not new) node.
-       //
-       // Tags and relation memberships of of non-surviving nodes are merged
-       // to the survivor.
-       //
-       // This is the inverse of `iD.actionDisconnect`.
-       //
-       // Reference:
-       //   https://github.com/openstreetmap/potlatch2/blob/master/net/systemeD/halcyon/connection/actions/MergeNodesAction.as
-       //   https://github.com/openstreetmap/josm/blob/mirror/src/org/openstreetmap/josm/actions/MergeNodesAction.java
-       //
-       function actionConnect(nodeIDs) {
-           var action = function(graph) {
-               var survivor;
-               var node;
-               var parents;
-               var i, j;
-
-               // Choose a survivor node, prefer an existing (not new) node - #4974
-               for (i = 0; i < nodeIDs.length; i++) {
-                   survivor = graph.entity(nodeIDs[i]);
-                   if (survivor.version) break;  // found one
-               }
-
-               // Replace all non-surviving nodes with the survivor and merge tags.
-               for (i = 0; i < nodeIDs.length; i++) {
-                   node = graph.entity(nodeIDs[i]);
-                   if (node.id === survivor.id) continue;
-
-                   parents = graph.parentWays(node);
-                   for (j = 0; j < parents.length; j++) {
-                       graph = graph.replace(parents[j].replaceNode(node.id, survivor.id));
-                   }
-
-                   parents = graph.parentRelations(node);
-                   for (j = 0; j < parents.length; j++) {
-                       graph = graph.replace(parents[j].replaceMember(node, survivor));
-                   }
-
-                   survivor = survivor.mergeTags(node.tags);
-                   graph = actionDeleteNode(node.id)(graph);
-               }
-
-               graph = graph.replace(survivor);
-
-               // find and delete any degenerate ways created by connecting adjacent vertices
-               parents = graph.parentWays(survivor);
-               for (i = 0; i < parents.length; i++) {
-                   if (parents[i].isDegenerate()) {
-                       graph = actionDeleteWay(parents[i].id)(graph);
-                   }
-               }
-
-               return graph;
-           };
-
-
-           action.disabled = function(graph) {
-               var seen = {};
-               var restrictionIDs = [];
-               var survivor;
-               var node, way;
-               var relations, relation, role;
-               var i, j, k;
-
-               // Choose a survivor node, prefer an existing (not new) node - #4974
-               for (i = 0; i < nodeIDs.length; i++) {
-                   survivor = graph.entity(nodeIDs[i]);
-                   if (survivor.version) break;  // found one
-               }
-
-               // 1. disable if the nodes being connected have conflicting relation roles
-               for (i = 0; i < nodeIDs.length; i++) {
-                   node = graph.entity(nodeIDs[i]);
-                   relations = graph.parentRelations(node);
-
-                   for (j = 0; j < relations.length; j++) {
-                       relation = relations[j];
-                       role = relation.memberById(node.id).role || '';
-
-                       // if this node is a via node in a restriction, remember for later
-                       if (relation.hasFromViaTo()) {
-                           restrictionIDs.push(relation.id);
-                       }
-
-                       if (seen[relation.id] !== undefined && seen[relation.id] !== role) {
-                           return 'relation';
-                       } else {
-                           seen[relation.id] = role;
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
-
-               // gather restrictions for parent ways
-               for (i = 0; i < nodeIDs.length; i++) {
-                   node = graph.entity(nodeIDs[i]);
-
-                   var parents = graph.parentWays(node);
-                   for (j = 0; j < parents.length; j++) {
-                       var parent = parents[j];
-                       relations = graph.parentRelations(parent);
-
-                       for (k = 0; k < relations.length; k++) {
-                           relation = relations[k];
-                           if (relation.hasFromViaTo()) {
-                               restrictionIDs.push(relation.id);
-                           }
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
-
-
-               // test restrictions
-               restrictionIDs = utilArrayUniq(restrictionIDs);
-               for (i = 0; i < restrictionIDs.length; i++) {
-                   relation = graph.entity(restrictionIDs[i]);
-                   if (!relation.isComplete(graph)) continue;
-
-                   var memberWays = relation.members
-                       .filter(function(m) { return m.type === 'way'; })
-                       .map(function(m) { return graph.entity(m.id); });
-
-                   memberWays = utilArrayUniq(memberWays);
-                   var f = relation.memberByRole('from');
-                   var t = relation.memberByRole('to');
-                   var isUturn = (f.id === t.id);
-
-                   // 2a. disable if connection would damage a restriction
-                   // (a key node is a node at the junction of ways)
-                   var nodes = { from: [], via: [], to: [], keyfrom: [], keyto: [] };
-                   for (j = 0; j < relation.members.length; j++) {
-                       collectNodes(relation.members[j], nodes);
-                   }
-
-                   nodes.keyfrom = utilArrayUniq(nodes.keyfrom.filter(hasDuplicates));
-                   nodes.keyto = utilArrayUniq(nodes.keyto.filter(hasDuplicates));
-
-                   var filter = keyNodeFilter(nodes.keyfrom, nodes.keyto);
-                   nodes.from = nodes.from.filter(filter);
-                   nodes.via = nodes.via.filter(filter);
-                   nodes.to = nodes.to.filter(filter);
-
-                   var connectFrom = false;
-                   var connectVia = false;
-                   var connectTo = false;
-                   var connectKeyFrom = false;
-                   var connectKeyTo = false;
-
-                   for (j = 0; j < nodeIDs.length; j++) {
-                       var n = nodeIDs[j];
-                       if (nodes.from.indexOf(n) !== -1)    { connectFrom = true; }
-                       if (nodes.via.indexOf(n) !== -1)     { connectVia = true; }
-                       if (nodes.to.indexOf(n) !== -1)      { connectTo = true; }
-                       if (nodes.keyfrom.indexOf(n) !== -1) { connectKeyFrom = true; }
-                       if (nodes.keyto.indexOf(n) !== -1)   { connectKeyTo = true; }
-                   }
-                   if (connectFrom && connectTo && !isUturn) { return 'restriction'; }
-                   if (connectFrom && connectVia) { return 'restriction'; }
-                   if (connectTo   && connectVia) { return 'restriction'; }
-
-                   // connecting to a key node -
-                   // if both nodes are on a member way (i.e. part of the turn restriction),
-                   // the connecting node must be adjacent to the key node.
-                   if (connectKeyFrom || connectKeyTo) {
-                       if (nodeIDs.length !== 2) { return 'restriction'; }
-
-                       var n0 = null;
-                       var n1 = null;
-                       for (j = 0; j < memberWays.length; j++) {
-                           way = memberWays[j];
-                           if (way.contains(nodeIDs[0])) { n0 = nodeIDs[0]; }
-                           if (way.contains(nodeIDs[1])) { n1 = nodeIDs[1]; }
-                       }
-
-                       if (n0 && n1) {    // both nodes are part of the restriction
-                           var ok = false;
-                           for (j = 0; j < memberWays.length; j++) {
-                               way = memberWays[j];
-                               if (way.areAdjacent(n0, n1)) {
-                                   ok = true;
-                                   break;
-                               }
-                           }
-                           if (!ok) {
-                               return 'restriction';
-                           }
-                       }
-                   }
-
-                   // 2b. disable if nodes being connected will destroy a member way in a restriction
-                   // (to test, make a copy and try actually connecting the nodes)
-                   for (j = 0; j < memberWays.length; j++) {
-                       way = memberWays[j].update({});   // make copy
-                       for (k = 0; k < nodeIDs.length; k++) {
-                           if (nodeIDs[k] === survivor.id) continue;
-
-                           if (way.areAdjacent(nodeIDs[k], survivor.id)) {
-                               way = way.removeNode(nodeIDs[k]);
-                           } else {
-                               way = way.replaceNode(nodeIDs[k], survivor.id);
-                           }
-                       }
-                       if (way.isDegenerate()) {
-                           return 'restriction';
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
-
-               return false;
-
-
-               // if a key node appears multiple times (indexOf !== lastIndexOf) it's a FROM-VIA or TO-VIA junction
-               function hasDuplicates(n, i, arr) {
-                   return arr.indexOf(n) !== arr.lastIndexOf(n);
-               }
-
-               function keyNodeFilter(froms, tos) {
-                   return function(n) {
-                       return froms.indexOf(n) === -1 && tos.indexOf(n) === -1;
-                   };
-               }
-
-               function collectNodes(member, collection) {
-                   var entity = graph.hasEntity(member.id);
-                   if (!entity) return;
-
-                   var role = member.role || '';
-                   if (!collection[role]) {
-                       collection[role] = [];
-                   }
-
-                   if (member.type === 'node') {
-                       collection[role].push(member.id);
-                       if (role === 'via') {
-                           collection.keyfrom.push(member.id);
-                           collection.keyto.push(member.id);
-                       }
-
-                   } else if (member.type === 'way') {
-                       collection[role].push.apply(collection[role], entity.nodes);
-                       if (role === 'from' || role === 'via') {
-                           collection.keyfrom.push(entity.first());
-                           collection.keyfrom.push(entity.last());
-                       }
-                       if (role === 'to' || role === 'via') {
-                           collection.keyto.push(entity.first());
-                           collection.keyto.push(entity.last());
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
-           };
-
-
-           return action;
-       }
-
-       function actionCopyEntities(ids, fromGraph) {
-           var _copies = {};
-
-
-           var action = function(graph) {
-               ids.forEach(function(id) {
-                   fromGraph.entity(id).copy(fromGraph, _copies);
-               });
-
-               for (var id in _copies) {
-                   graph = graph.replace(_copies[id]);
-               }
-
-               return graph;
-           };
-
-
-           action.copies = function() {
-               return _copies;
-           };
-
-
-           return action;
-       }
-
-       function actionDeleteMember(relationId, memberIndex) {
-           return function(graph) {
-               var relation = graph.entity(relationId)
-                   .removeMember(memberIndex);
-
-               graph = graph.replace(relation);
-
-               if (relation.isDegenerate())
-                   graph = actionDeleteRelation(relation.id)(graph);
-
-               return graph;
-           };
-       }
-
-       function actionDiscardTags(difference, discardTags) {
-         discardTags = discardTags || {};
-
-         return (graph) => {
-           difference.modified().forEach(checkTags);
-           difference.created().forEach(checkTags);
-           return graph;
-
-           function checkTags(entity) {
-             const keys = Object.keys(entity.tags);
-             let didDiscard = false;
-             let tags = {};
-
-             for (let i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
-               const k = keys[i];
-               if (discardTags[k] || !entity.tags[k]) {
-                 didDiscard = true;
-               } else {
-                 tags[k] = entity.tags[k];
-               }
-             }
-             if (didDiscard) {
-               graph = graph.replace(entity.update({ tags: tags }));
-             }
-           }
-
-         };
-       }
-
-       // Disconect the ways at the given node.
-       //
-       // Optionally, disconnect only the given ways.
-       //
-       // For testing convenience, accepts an ID to assign to the (first) new node.
-       // Normally, this will be undefined and the way will automatically
-       // be assigned a new ID.
-       //
-       // This is the inverse of `iD.actionConnect`.
-       //
-       // Reference:
-       //   https://github.com/openstreetmap/potlatch2/blob/master/net/systemeD/halcyon/connection/actions/UnjoinNodeAction.as
-       //   https://github.com/openstreetmap/josm/blob/mirror/src/org/openstreetmap/josm/actions/UnGlueAction.java
-       //
-       function actionDisconnect(nodeId, newNodeId) {
-           var wayIds;
-
-
-           var action = function(graph) {
-               var node = graph.entity(nodeId);
-               var connections = action.connections(graph);
-
-               connections.forEach(function(connection) {
-                   var way = graph.entity(connection.wayID);
-                   var newNode = osmNode({id: newNodeId, loc: node.loc, tags: node.tags});
-
-                   graph = graph.replace(newNode);
-                   if (connection.index === 0 && way.isArea()) {
-                       // replace shared node with shared node..
-                       graph = graph.replace(way.replaceNode(way.nodes[0], newNode.id));
-                   } else if (way.isClosed() && connection.index === way.nodes.length - 1) {
-                       // replace closing node with new new node..
-                       graph = graph.replace(way.unclose().addNode(newNode.id));
-                   } else {
-                       // replace shared node with multiple new nodes..
-                       graph = graph.replace(way.updateNode(newNode.id, connection.index));
-                   }
-               });
-
-               return graph;
-           };
-
-
-           action.connections = function(graph) {
-               var candidates = [];
-               var keeping = false;
-               var parentWays = graph.parentWays(graph.entity(nodeId));
-               var way, waynode;
-               for (var i = 0; i < parentWays.length; i++) {
-                   way = parentWays[i];
-                   if (wayIds && wayIds.indexOf(way.id) === -1) {
-                       keeping = true;
-                       continue;
-                   }
-                   if (way.isArea() && (way.nodes[0] === nodeId)) {
-                       candidates.push({ wayID: way.id, index: 0 });
-                   } else {
-                       for (var j = 0; j < way.nodes.length; j++) {
-                           waynode = way.nodes[j];
-                           if (waynode === nodeId) {
-                               if (way.isClosed() &&
-                                   parentWays.length > 1 &&
-                                   wayIds &&
-                                   wayIds.indexOf(way.id) !== -1 &&
-                                   j === way.nodes.length - 1) {
-                                   continue;
-                               }
-                               candidates.push({ wayID: way.id, index: j });
-                           }
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
-
-               return keeping ? candidates : candidates.slice(1);
-           };
-
-
-           action.disabled = function(graph) {
-               var connections = action.connections(graph);
-               if (connections.length === 0)
-                   return 'not_connected';
-
-               var parentWays = graph.parentWays(graph.entity(nodeId));
-               var seenRelationIds = {};
-               var sharedRelation;
-
-               parentWays.forEach(function(way) {
-                   var relations = graph.parentRelations(way);
-                   relations.forEach(function(relation) {
-                       if (relation.id in seenRelationIds) {
-                           if (wayIds) {
-                               if (wayIds.indexOf(way.id) !== -1 ||
-                                   wayIds.indexOf(seenRelationIds[relation.id]) !== -1) {
-                                   sharedRelation = relation;
-                               }
-                           } else {
-                               sharedRelation = relation;
-                           }
-                       } else {
-                           seenRelationIds[relation.id] = way.id;
-                       }
-                   });
-               });
-
-               if (sharedRelation)
-                   return 'relation';
-           };
-
-
-           action.limitWays = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return wayIds;
-               wayIds = val;
-               return action;
-           };
-
-
-           return action;
-       }
-
-       function actionExtract(entityID) {
-
-           var extractedNodeID;
-
-           var action = function(graph) {
-               var entity = graph.entity(entityID);
-
-               if (entity.type === 'node') {
-                   return extractFromNode(entity, graph);
-               }
-
-               return extractFromWayOrRelation(entity, graph);
-           };
-
-           function extractFromNode(node, graph) {
-
-               extractedNodeID = node.id;
-
-               // Create a new node to replace the one we will detach
-               var replacement = osmNode({ loc: node.loc });
-               graph = graph.replace(replacement);
-
-               // Process each way in turn, updating the graph as we go
-               graph = graph.parentWays(node)
-                   .reduce(function(accGraph, parentWay) {
-                       return accGraph.replace(parentWay.replaceNode(entityID, replacement.id));
-                   }, graph);
-
-               // Process any relations too
-               return graph.parentRelations(node)
-                   .reduce(function(accGraph, parentRel) {
-                       return accGraph.replace(parentRel.replaceMember(node, replacement));
-                   }, graph);
-           }
-
-           function extractFromWayOrRelation(entity, graph) {
-
-               var fromGeometry = entity.geometry(graph);
-
-               var keysToCopyAndRetain = ['source', 'wheelchair'];
-               var keysToRetain = ['area'];
-               var buildingKeysToRetain = ['architect', 'building', 'height', 'layer'];
-
-               var extractedLoc = d3_geoCentroid(entity.asGeoJSON(graph));
-               if (!extractedLoc  || !isFinite(extractedLoc[0]) || !isFinite(extractedLoc[1])) {
-                   extractedLoc = entity.extent(graph).center();
-               }
-
-               var isBuilding = entity.tags.building && entity.tags.building !== 'no';
-
-               var entityTags = Object.assign({}, entity.tags);  // shallow copy
-               var pointTags = {};
-               for (var key in entityTags) {
-
-                   if (entity.type === 'relation' &&
-                       key === 'type') {
-                       continue;
-                   }
-
-                   if (keysToRetain.indexOf(key) !== -1) {
-                       continue;
-                   }
-
-                   if (isBuilding) {
-                       // don't transfer building-related tags
-                       if (buildingKeysToRetain.indexOf(key) !== -1 ||
-                           key.match(/^building:.{1,}/) ||
-                           key.match(/^roof:.{1,}/)) continue;
-                   }
-
-                   // copy the tag from the entity to the point
-                   pointTags[key] = entityTags[key];
-
-                   // leave addresses and some other tags so they're on both features
-                   if (keysToCopyAndRetain.indexOf(key) !== -1 ||
-                       key.match(/^addr:.{1,}/)) {
-                       continue;
-                   }
-
-                   // remove the tag from the entity
-                   delete entityTags[key];
-               }
-
-               if (!isBuilding && fromGeometry === 'area') {
-                   // ensure that areas keep area geometry
-                   entityTags.area = 'yes';
-               }
-
-               var replacement = osmNode({ loc: extractedLoc, tags: pointTags });
-               graph = graph.replace(replacement);
-
-               extractedNodeID = replacement.id;
-
-               return graph.replace(entity.update({tags: entityTags}));
-           }
-
-           action.getExtractedNodeID = function() {
-               return extractedNodeID;
-           };
-
-           return action;
-       }
-
-       // Join ways at the end node they share.
-       //
-       // This is the inverse of `iD.actionSplit`.
-       //
-       // Reference:
-       //   https://github.com/systemed/potlatch2/blob/master/net/systemeD/halcyon/connection/actions/MergeWaysAction.as
-       //   https://github.com/openstreetmap/josm/blob/mirror/src/org/openstreetmap/josm/actions/CombineWayAction.java
-       //
-       function actionJoin(ids) {
-
-           function groupEntitiesByGeometry(graph) {
-               var entities = ids.map(function(id) { return graph.entity(id); });
-               return Object.assign(
-                   { line: [] },
-                   utilArrayGroupBy(entities, function(entity) { return entity.geometry(graph); })
-               );
-           }
-
-
-           var action = function(graph) {
-               var ways = ids.map(graph.entity, graph);
-               var survivorID = ways[0].id;
-
-               // if any of the ways are sided (e.g. coastline, cliff, kerb)
-               // sort them first so they establish the overall order - #6033
-               ways.sort(function(a, b) {
-                   var aSided = a.isSided();
-                   var bSided = b.isSided();
-                   return (aSided && !bSided) ? -1
-                       : (bSided && !aSided) ? 1
-                       : 0;
-               });
-
-               // Prefer to keep an existing way.
-               for (var i = 0; i < ways.length; i++) {
-                   if (!ways[i].isNew()) {
-                       survivorID = ways[i].id;
-                       break;
-                   }
-               }
-
-               var sequences = osmJoinWays(ways, graph);
-               var joined = sequences[0];
-
-               // We might need to reverse some of these ways before joining them.  #4688
-               // `joined.actions` property will contain any actions we need to apply.
-               graph = sequences.actions.reduce(function(g, action) { return action(g); }, graph);
-
-               var survivor = graph.entity(survivorID);
-               survivor = survivor.update({ nodes: joined.nodes.map(function(n) { return n.id; }) });
-               graph = graph.replace(survivor);
-
-               joined.forEach(function(way) {
-                   if (way.id === survivorID) return;
-
-                   graph.parentRelations(way).forEach(function(parent) {
-                       graph = graph.replace(parent.replaceMember(way, survivor));
-                   });
-
-                   survivor = survivor.mergeTags(way.tags);
-
-                   graph = graph.replace(survivor);
-                   graph = actionDeleteWay(way.id)(graph);
-               });
-
-               // Finds if the join created a single-member multipolygon,
-               // and if so turns it into a basic area instead
-               function checkForSimpleMultipolygon() {
-                   if (!survivor.isClosed()) return;
-
-                   var multipolygons = graph.parentMultipolygons(survivor).filter(function(multipolygon) {
-                       // find multipolygons where the survivor is the only member
-                       return multipolygon.members.length === 1;
-                   });
-
-                   // skip if this is the single member of multiple multipolygons
-                   if (multipolygons.length !== 1) return;
-
-                   var multipolygon = multipolygons[0];
-
-                   for (var key in survivor.tags) {
-                       if (multipolygon.tags[key] &&
-                           // don't collapse if tags cannot be cleanly merged
-                           multipolygon.tags[key] !== survivor.tags[key]) return;
-                   }
-
-                   survivor = survivor.mergeTags(multipolygon.tags);
-                   graph = graph.replace(survivor);
-                   graph = actionDeleteRelation(multipolygon.id, true /* allow untagged members */)(graph);
-
-                   var tags = Object.assign({}, survivor.tags);
-                   if (survivor.geometry(graph) !== 'area') {
-                       // ensure the feature persists as an area
-                       tags.area = 'yes';
-                   }
-                   delete tags.type; // remove type=multipolygon
-                   survivor = survivor.update({ tags: tags });
-                   graph = graph.replace(survivor);
-               }
-               checkForSimpleMultipolygon();
-
-               return graph;
-           };
-
-           // Returns the number of nodes the resultant way is expected to have
-           action.resultingWayNodesLength = function(graph) {
-               return ids.reduce(function(count, id) {
-                   return count + graph.entity(id).nodes.length;
-               }, 0) - ids.length - 1;
-           };
-
-
-           action.disabled = function(graph) {
-               var geometries = groupEntitiesByGeometry(graph);
-               if (ids.length < 2 || ids.length !== geometries.line.length) {
-                   return 'not_eligible';
-               }
-
-               var joined = osmJoinWays(ids.map(graph.entity, graph), graph);
-               if (joined.length > 1) {
-                   return 'not_adjacent';
-               }
-
-               // Loop through all combinations of path-pairs
-               // to check potential intersections between all pairs
-               for (var i = 0; i < ids.length - 1; i++) {
-                   for (var j = i + 1; j < ids.length; j++) {
-                       var path1 = graph.childNodes(graph.entity(ids[i]))
-                           .map(function(e) { return e.loc; });
-                       var path2 = graph.childNodes(graph.entity(ids[j]))
-                           .map(function(e) { return e.loc; });
-                       var intersections = geoPathIntersections(path1, path2);
-
-                       // Check if intersections are just nodes lying on top of
-                       // each other/the line, as opposed to crossing it
-                       var common = utilArrayIntersection(
-                           joined[0].nodes.map(function(n) { return n.loc.toString(); }),
-                           intersections.map(function(n) { return n.toString(); })
-                       );
-                       if (common.length !== intersections.length) {
-                           return 'paths_intersect';
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
-
-               var nodeIds = joined[0].nodes.map(function(n) { return n.id; }).slice(1, -1);
-               var relation;
-               var tags = {};
-               var conflicting = false;
-
-               joined[0].forEach(function(way) {
-                   var parents = graph.parentRelations(way);
-                   parents.forEach(function(parent) {
-                       if (parent.isRestriction() && parent.members.some(function(m) { return nodeIds.indexOf(m.id) >= 0; })) {
-                           relation = parent;
-                       }
-                   });
-
-                   for (var k in way.tags) {
-                       if (!(k in tags)) {
-                           tags[k] = way.tags[k];
-                       } else if (tags[k] && osmIsInterestingTag(k) && tags[k] !== way.tags[k]) {
-                           conflicting = true;
-                       }
-                   }
-               });
-
-               if (relation) {
-                   return 'restriction';
-               }
-
-               if (conflicting) {
-                   return 'conflicting_tags';
-               }
-           };
-
-
-           return action;
-       }
-
-       function actionMerge(ids) {
-
-           function groupEntitiesByGeometry(graph) {
-               var entities = ids.map(function(id) { return graph.entity(id); });
-               return Object.assign(
-                   { point: [], area: [], line: [], relation: [] },
-                   utilArrayGroupBy(entities, function(entity) { return entity.geometry(graph); })
-               );
-           }
-
-
-           var action = function(graph) {
-               var geometries = groupEntitiesByGeometry(graph);
-               var target = geometries.area[0] || geometries.line[0];
-               var points = geometries.point;
-
-               points.forEach(function(point) {
-                   target = target.mergeTags(point.tags);
-                   graph = graph.replace(target);
-
-                   graph.parentRelations(point).forEach(function(parent) {
-                       graph = graph.replace(parent.replaceMember(point, target));
-                   });
-
-                   var nodes = utilArrayUniq(graph.childNodes(target));
-                   var removeNode = point;
-
-                   for (var i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) {
-                       var node = nodes[i];
-                       if (graph.parentWays(node).length > 1 ||
-                           graph.parentRelations(node).length ||
-                           node.hasInterestingTags()) {
-                           continue;
-                       }
-
-                       // Found an uninteresting child node on the target way.
-                       // Move orig point into its place to preserve point's history. #3683
-                       graph = graph.replace(point.update({ tags: {}, loc: node.loc }));
-                       target = target.replaceNode(node.id, point.id);
-                       graph = graph.replace(target);
-                       removeNode = node;
-                       break;
-                   }
-
-                   graph = graph.remove(removeNode);
-               });
-
-               if (target.tags.area === 'yes') {
-                   var tags = Object.assign({}, target.tags); // shallow copy
-                   delete tags.area;
-                   if (osmTagSuggestingArea(tags)) {
-                       // remove the `area` tag if area geometry is now implied - #3851
-                       target = target.update({ tags: tags });
-                       graph = graph.replace(target);
-                   }
-               }
-
-               return graph;
-           };
-
-
-           action.disabled = function(graph) {
-               var geometries = groupEntitiesByGeometry(graph);
-               if (geometries.point.length === 0 ||
-                   (geometries.area.length + geometries.line.length) !== 1 ||
-                   geometries.relation.length !== 0) {
-                   return 'not_eligible';
-               }
-           };
-
-
-           return action;
-       }
-
-       // `actionMergeNodes` is just a combination of:
-       //
-       // 1. move all the nodes to a common location
-       // 2. `actionConnect` them
-
-       function actionMergeNodes(nodeIDs, loc) {
-
-           // If there is a single "interesting" node, use that as the location.
-           // Otherwise return the average location of all the nodes.
-           function chooseLoc(graph) {
-               if (!nodeIDs.length) return null;
-               var sum = [0,0];
-               var interestingCount = 0;
-               var interestingLoc;
-
-               for (var i = 0; i < nodeIDs.length; i++) {
-                   var node = graph.entity(nodeIDs[i]);
-                   if (node.hasInterestingTags()) {
-                       interestingLoc = (++interestingCount === 1) ? node.loc : null;
-                   }
-                   sum = geoVecAdd(sum, node.loc);
-               }
-
-               return interestingLoc || geoVecScale(sum, 1 / nodeIDs.length);
-           }
-
-
-           var action = function(graph) {
-               if (nodeIDs.length < 2) return graph;
-               var toLoc = loc;
-               if (!toLoc) {
-                   toLoc = chooseLoc(graph);
-               }
-
-               for (var i = 0; i < nodeIDs.length; i++) {
-                   var node = graph.entity(nodeIDs[i]);
-                   if (node.loc !== toLoc) {
-                       graph = graph.replace(node.move(toLoc));
-                   }
-               }
-
-               return actionConnect(nodeIDs)(graph);
-           };
-
-
-           action.disabled = function(graph) {
-               if (nodeIDs.length < 2) return 'not_eligible';
-
-               for (var i = 0; i < nodeIDs.length; i++) {
-                   var entity = graph.entity(nodeIDs[i]);
-                   if (entity.type !== 'node') return 'not_eligible';
-               }
-
-               return actionConnect(nodeIDs).disabled(graph);
-           };
-
-           return action;
-       }
-
-       function osmChangeset() {
-           if (!(this instanceof osmChangeset)) {
-               return (new osmChangeset()).initialize(arguments);
-           } else if (arguments.length) {
-               this.initialize(arguments);
-           }
-       }
-
-
-       osmEntity.changeset = osmChangeset;
-
-       osmChangeset.prototype = Object.create(osmEntity.prototype);
-
-       Object.assign(osmChangeset.prototype, {
-
-           type: 'changeset',
-
-
-           extent: function() {
-               return new geoExtent();
-           },
-
-
-           geometry: function() {
-               return 'changeset';
-           },
-
-
-           asJXON: function() {
-               return {
-                   osm: {
-                       changeset: {
-                           tag: Object.keys(this.tags).map(function(k) {
-                               return { '@k': k, '@v': this.tags[k] };
-                           }, this),
-                           '@version': 0.6,
-                           '@generator': 'iD'
-                       }
-                   }
-               };
-           },
-
-
-           // Generate [osmChange](http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/OsmChange)
-           // XML. Returns a string.
-           osmChangeJXON: function(changes) {
-               var changeset_id = this.id;
-
-               function nest(x, order) {
-                   var groups = {};
-                   for (var i = 0; i < x.length; i++) {
-                       var tagName = Object.keys(x[i])[0];
-                       if (!groups[tagName]) groups[tagName] = [];
-                       groups[tagName].push(x[i][tagName]);
-                   }
-                   var ordered = {};
-                   order.forEach(function(o) {
-                       if (groups[o]) ordered[o] = groups[o];
-                   });
-                   return ordered;
-               }
-
-
-               // sort relations in a changeset by dependencies
-               function sort(changes) {
-
-                   // find a referenced relation in the current changeset
-                   function resolve(item) {
-                       return relations.find(function(relation) {
-                           return item.keyAttributes.type === 'relation'
-                               && item.keyAttributes.ref === relation['@id'];
-                       });
-                   }
-
-                   // a new item is an item that has not been already processed
-                   function isNew(item) {
-                       return !sorted[ item['@id'] ] && !processing.find(function(proc) {
-                           return proc['@id'] === item['@id'];
-                       });
-                   }
-
-                   var processing = [];
-                   var sorted = {};
-                   var relations = changes.relation;
-
-                   if (!relations) return changes;
-
-                   for (var i = 0; i < relations.length; i++) {
-                       var relation = relations[i];
-
-                       // skip relation if already sorted
-                       if (!sorted[relation['@id']]) {
-                           processing.push(relation);
-                       }
-
-                       while (processing.length > 0) {
-                           var next = processing[0],
-                           deps = next.member.map(resolve).filter(Boolean).filter(isNew);
-                           if (deps.length === 0) {
-                               sorted[next['@id']] = next;
-                               processing.shift();
-                           } else {
-                               processing = deps.concat(processing);
-                           }
-                       }
-                   }
-
-                   changes.relation = Object.values(sorted);
-                   return changes;
-               }
-
-               function rep(entity) {
-                   return entity.asJXON(changeset_id);
-               }
-
-               return {
-                   osmChange: {
-                       '@version': 0.6,
-                       '@generator': 'iD',
-                       'create': sort(nest(changes.created.map(rep), ['node', 'way', 'relation'])),
-                       'modify': nest(changes.modified.map(rep), ['node', 'way', 'relation']),
-                       'delete': Object.assign(nest(changes.deleted.map(rep), ['relation', 'way', 'node']), { '@if-unused': true })
-                   }
-               };
-           },
-
-
-           asGeoJSON: function() {
-               return {};
-           }
-
-       });
-
-       function osmNote() {
-           if (!(this instanceof osmNote)) {
-               return (new osmNote()).initialize(arguments);
-           } else if (arguments.length) {
-               this.initialize(arguments);
-           }
-       }
-
-
-       osmNote.id = function() {
-           return osmNote.id.next--;
-       };
-
-
-       osmNote.id.next = -1;
-
-
-       Object.assign(osmNote.prototype, {
-
-           type: 'note',
-
-           initialize: function(sources) {
-               for (var i = 0; i < sources.length; ++i) {
-                   var source = sources[i];
-                   for (var prop in source) {
-                       if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, prop)) {
-                           if (source[prop] === undefined) {
-                               delete this[prop];
-                           } else {
-                               this[prop] = source[prop];
-                           }
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
-
-               if (!this.id) {
-                   this.id = osmNote.id() + '';  // as string
-               }
-
-               return this;
-           },
-
-           extent: function() {
-               return new geoExtent(this.loc);
-           },
-
-           update: function(attrs) {
-               return osmNote(this, attrs); // {v: 1 + (this.v || 0)}
-           },
-
-           isNew: function() {
-               return this.id < 0;
-           },
-
-           move: function(loc) {
-               return this.update({ loc: loc });
-           }
-
-       });
-
-       function osmRelation() {
-           if (!(this instanceof osmRelation)) {
-               return (new osmRelation()).initialize(arguments);
-           } else if (arguments.length) {
-               this.initialize(arguments);
-           }
-       }
-
-
-       osmEntity.relation = osmRelation;
-
-       osmRelation.prototype = Object.create(osmEntity.prototype);
-
-
-       osmRelation.creationOrder = function(a, b) {
-           var aId = parseInt(osmEntity.id.toOSM(a.id), 10);
-           var bId = parseInt(osmEntity.id.toOSM(b.id), 10);
-
-           if (aId < 0 || bId < 0) return aId - bId;
-           return bId - aId;
-       };
-
-
-       Object.assign(osmRelation.prototype, {
-           type: 'relation',
-           members: [],
-
-
-           copy: function(resolver, copies) {
-               if (copies[this.id]) return copies[this.id];
-
-               var copy = osmEntity.prototype.copy.call(this, resolver, copies);
-
-               var members = this.members.map(function(member) {
-                   return Object.assign({}, member, { id: resolver.entity(member.id).copy(resolver, copies).id });
-               });
-
-               copy = copy.update({members: members});
-               copies[this.id] = copy;
-
-               return copy;
-           },
-
-
-           extent: function(resolver, memo) {
-               return resolver.transient(this, 'extent', function() {
-                   if (memo && memo[this.id]) return geoExtent();
-                   memo = memo || {};
-                   memo[this.id] = true;
-
-                   var extent = geoExtent();
-                   for (var i = 0; i < this.members.length; i++) {
-                       var member = resolver.hasEntity(this.members[i].id);
-                       if (member) {
-                           extent._extend(member.extent(resolver, memo));
-                       }
-                   }
-                   return extent;
-               });
-           },
-
-
-           geometry: function(graph) {
-               return graph.transient(this, 'geometry', function() {
-                   return this.isMultipolygon() ? 'area' : 'relation';
-               });
-           },
-
-
-           isDegenerate: function() {
-               return this.members.length === 0;
-           },
-
-
-           // Return an array of members, each extended with an 'index' property whose value
-           // is the member index.
-           indexedMembers: function() {
-               var result = new Array(this.members.length);
-               for (var i = 0; i < this.members.length; i++) {
-                   result[i] = Object.assign({}, this.members[i], {index: i});
-               }
-               return result;
-           },
-
-
-           // Return the first member with the given role. A copy of the member object
-           // is returned, extended with an 'index' property whose value is the member index.
-           memberByRole: function(role) {
-               for (var i = 0; i < this.members.length; i++) {
-                   if (this.members[i].role === role) {
-                       return Object.assign({}, this.members[i], {index: i});
-                   }
-               }
-           },
-
-           // Same as memberByRole, but returns all members with the given role
-           membersByRole: function(role) {
-               var result = [];
-               for (var i = 0; i < this.members.length; i++) {
-                   if (this.members[i].role === role) {
-                       result.push(Object.assign({}, this.members[i], {index: i}));
-                   }
-               }
-               return result;
-           },
-
-           // Return the first member with the given id. A copy of the member object
-           // is returned, extended with an 'index' property whose value is the member index.
-           memberById: function(id) {
-               for (var i = 0; i < this.members.length; i++) {
-                   if (this.members[i].id === id) {
-                       return Object.assign({}, this.members[i], {index: i});
-                   }
-               }
-           },
-
-
-           // Return the first member with the given id and role. A copy of the member object
-           // is returned, extended with an 'index' property whose value is the member index.
-           memberByIdAndRole: function(id, role) {
-               for (var i = 0; i < this.members.length; i++) {
-                   if (this.members[i].id === id && this.members[i].role === role) {
-                       return Object.assign({}, this.members[i], {index: i});
-                   }
-               }
-           },
-
-
-           addMember: function(member, index) {
-               var members = this.members.slice();
-               members.splice(index === undefined ? members.length : index, 0, member);
-               return this.update({members: members});
-           },
-
-
-           updateMember: function(member, index) {
-               var members = this.members.slice();
-               members.splice(index, 1, Object.assign({}, members[index], member));
-               return this.update({members: members});
-           },
-
-
-           removeMember: function(index) {
-               var members = this.members.slice();
-               members.splice(index, 1);
-               return this.update({members: members});
-           },
-
-
-           removeMembersWithID: function(id) {
-               var members = this.members.filter(function(m) { return m.id !== id; });
-               return this.update({members: members});
-           },
-
-           moveMember: function(fromIndex, toIndex) {
-               var members = this.members.slice();
-               members.splice(toIndex, 0, members.splice(fromIndex, 1)[0]);
-               return this.update({members: members});
-           },
-
-
-           // Wherever a member appears with id `needle.id`, replace it with a member
-           // with id `replacement.id`, type `replacement.type`, and the original role,
-           // By default, adding a duplicate member (by id and role) is prevented.
-           // Return an updated relation.
-           replaceMember: function(needle, replacement, keepDuplicates) {
-               if (!this.memberById(needle.id)) return this;
-
-               var members = [];
-
-               for (var i = 0; i < this.members.length; i++) {
-                   var member = this.members[i];
-                   if (member.id !== needle.id) {
-                       members.push(member);
-                   } else if (keepDuplicates || !this.memberByIdAndRole(replacement.id, member.role)) {
-                       members.push({ id: replacement.id, type: replacement.type, role: member.role });
-                   }
-               }
-
-               return this.update({ members: members });
-           },
-
-
-           asJXON: function(changeset_id) {
-               var r = {
-                   relation: {
-                       '@id': this.osmId(),
-                       '@version': this.version || 0,
-                       member: this.members.map(function(member) {
-                           return {
-                               keyAttributes: {
-                                   type: member.type,
-                                   role: member.role,
-                                   ref: osmEntity.id.toOSM(member.id)
-                               }
-                           };
-                       }, this),
-                       tag: Object.keys(this.tags).map(function(k) {
-                           return { keyAttributes: { k: k, v: this.tags[k] } };
-                       }, this)
-                   }
-               };
-               if (changeset_id) {
-                   r.relation['@changeset'] = changeset_id;
-               }
-               return r;
-           },
-
-
-           asGeoJSON: function(resolver) {
-               return resolver.transient(this, 'GeoJSON', function () {
-                   if (this.isMultipolygon()) {
-                       return {
-                           type: 'MultiPolygon',
-                           coordinates: this.multipolygon(resolver)
-                       };
-                   } else {
-                       return {
-                           type: 'FeatureCollection',
-                           properties: this.tags,
-                           features: this.members.map(function (member) {
-                               return Object.assign({role: member.role}, resolver.entity(member.id).asGeoJSON(resolver));
-                           })
-                       };
-                   }
-               });
-           },
-
-
-           area: function(resolver) {
-               return resolver.transient(this, 'area', function() {
-                   return d3_geoArea(this.asGeoJSON(resolver));
-               });
-           },
-
-
-           isMultipolygon: function() {
-               return this.tags.type === 'multipolygon';
-           },
-
-
-           isComplete: function(resolver) {
-               for (var i = 0; i < this.members.length; i++) {
-                   if (!resolver.hasEntity(this.members[i].id)) {
-                       return false;
-                   }
-               }
-               return true;
-           },
-
-
-           hasFromViaTo: function() {
-               return (
-                   this.members.some(function(m) { return m.role === 'from'; }) &&
-                   this.members.some(function(m) { return m.role === 'via'; }) &&
-                   this.members.some(function(m) { return m.role === 'to'; })
-               );
-           },
-
-
-           isRestriction: function() {
-               return !!(this.tags.type && this.tags.type.match(/^restriction:?/));
-           },
-
-
-           isValidRestriction: function() {
-               if (!this.isRestriction()) return false;
-
-               var froms = this.members.filter(function(m) { return m.role === 'from'; });
-               var vias = this.members.filter(function(m) { return m.role === 'via'; });
-               var tos = this.members.filter(function(m) { return m.role === 'to'; });
-
-               if (froms.length !== 1 && this.tags.restriction !== 'no_entry') return false;
-               if (froms.some(function(m) { return m.type !== 'way'; })) return false;
-
-               if (tos.length !== 1 && this.tags.restriction !== 'no_exit') return false;
-               if (tos.some(function(m) { return m.type !== 'way'; })) return false;
-
-               if (vias.length === 0) return false;
-               if (vias.length > 1 && vias.some(function(m) { return m.type !== 'way'; })) return false;
-
-               return true;
-           },
-
-
-           // Returns an array [A0, ... An], each Ai being an array of node arrays [Nds0, ... Ndsm],
-           // where Nds0 is an outer ring and subsequent Ndsi's (if any i > 0) being inner rings.
-           //
-           // This corresponds to the structure needed for rendering a multipolygon path using a
-           // `evenodd` fill rule, as well as the structure of a GeoJSON MultiPolygon geometry.
-           //
-           // In the case of invalid geometries, this function will still return a result which
-           // includes the nodes of all way members, but some Nds may be unclosed and some inner
-           // rings not matched with the intended outer ring.
-           //
-           multipolygon: function(resolver) {
-               var outers = this.members.filter(function(m) { return 'outer' === (m.role || 'outer'); });
-               var inners = this.members.filter(function(m) { return 'inner' === m.role; });
-
-               outers = osmJoinWays(outers, resolver);
-               inners = osmJoinWays(inners, resolver);
-
-               var sequenceToLineString = function(sequence) {
-                   if (sequence.nodes.length > 2 &&
-                       sequence.nodes[0] !== sequence.nodes[sequence.nodes.length - 1]) {
-                       // close unclosed parts to ensure correct area rendering - #2945
-                       sequence.nodes.push(sequence.nodes[0]);
-                   }
-                   return sequence.nodes.map(function(node) { return node.loc; });
-               };
-
-               outers = outers.map(sequenceToLineString);
-               inners = inners.map(sequenceToLineString);
-
-               var result = outers.map(function(o) {
-                   // Heuristic for detecting counterclockwise winding order. Assumes
-                   // that OpenStreetMap polygons are not hemisphere-spanning.
-                   return [d3_geoArea({ type: 'Polygon', coordinates: [o] }) > 2 * Math.PI ? o.reverse() : o];
-               });
-
-               function findOuter(inner) {
-                   var o, outer;
-
-                   for (o = 0; o < outers.length; o++) {
-                       outer = outers[o];
-                       if (geoPolygonContainsPolygon(outer, inner))
-                           return o;
-                   }
-
-                   for (o = 0; o < outers.length; o++) {
-                       outer = outers[o];
-                       if (geoPolygonIntersectsPolygon(outer, inner, false))
-                           return o;
-                   }
-               }
-
-               for (var i = 0; i < inners.length; i++) {
-                   var inner = inners[i];
-
-                   if (d3_geoArea({ type: 'Polygon', coordinates: [inner] }) < 2 * Math.PI) {
-                       inner = inner.reverse();
-                   }
-
-                   var o = findOuter(inners[i]);
-                   if (o !== undefined) {
-                       result[o].push(inners[i]);
-                   } else {
-                       result.push([inners[i]]); // Invalid geometry
-                   }
-               }
-
-               return result;
-           }
-       });
-
-       class QAItem {
-         constructor(loc, service, itemType, id, props) {
-           // Store required properties
-           this.loc = loc;
-           this.service = service.title;
-           this.itemType = itemType;
-
-           // All issues must have an ID for selection, use generic if none specified
-           this.id = id ? id : `${QAItem.id()}`;
-
-           this.update(props);
-
-           // Some QA services have marker icons to differentiate issues
-           if (service && typeof service.getIcon === 'function') {
-             this.icon = service.getIcon(itemType);
-           }
-
-           return this;
-         }
-
-         update(props) {
-           // You can't override this inital information
-           const { loc, service, itemType, id } = this;
-
-           Object.keys(props).forEach(prop => this[prop] = props[prop]);
-
-           this.loc = loc;
-           this.service = service;
-           this.itemType = itemType;
-           this.id = id;
-
-           return this;
-         }
-
-         // Generic handling for newly created QAItems
-         static id() {
-           return this.nextId--;
-         }
-       }
-       QAItem.nextId = -1;
-
-       // Split a way at the given node.
-       //
-       // Optionally, split only the given ways, if multiple ways share
-       // the given node.
-       //
-       // This is the inverse of `iD.actionJoin`.
-       //
-       // For testing convenience, accepts an ID to assign to the new way.
-       // Normally, this will be undefined and the way will automatically
-       // be assigned a new ID.
-       //
-       // Reference:
-       //   https://github.com/systemed/potlatch2/blob/master/net/systemeD/halcyon/connection/actions/SplitWayAction.as
-       //
-       function actionSplit(nodeId, newWayIds) {
-           var _wayIDs;
-
-           // The IDs of the ways actually created by running this action
-           var createdWayIDs = [];
-
-           // If the way is closed, we need to search for a partner node
-           // to split the way at.
-           //
-           // The following looks for a node that is both far away from
-           // the initial node in terms of way segment length and nearby
-           // in terms of beeline-distance. This assures that areas get
-           // split on the most "natural" points (independent of the number
-           // of nodes).
-           // For example: bone-shaped areas get split across their waist
-           // line, circles across the diameter.
-           function splitArea(nodes, idxA, graph) {
-               var lengths = new Array(nodes.length);
-               var length;
-               var i;
-               var best = 0;
-               var idxB;
-
-               function wrap(index) {
-                   return utilWrap(index, nodes.length);
-               }
-
-               function dist(nA, nB) {
-                   var locA = graph.entity(nA).loc;
-                   var locB = graph.entity(nB).loc;
-                   var epsilon = 1e-6;
-                   return (locA && locB) ? geoSphericalDistance(locA, locB) : epsilon;
-               }
-
-               // calculate lengths
-               length = 0;
-               for (i = wrap(idxA + 1); i !== idxA; i = wrap(i + 1)) {
-                   length += dist(nodes[i], nodes[wrap(i - 1)]);
-                   lengths[i] = length;
-               }
-
-               length = 0;
-               for (i = wrap(idxA - 1); i !== idxA; i = wrap(i - 1)) {
-                   length += dist(nodes[i], nodes[wrap(i + 1)]);
-                   if (length < lengths[i]) {
-                       lengths[i] = length;
-                   }
-               }
-
-               // determine best opposite node to split
-               for (i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) {
-                   var cost = lengths[i] / dist(nodes[idxA], nodes[i]);
-                   if (cost > best) {
-                       idxB = i;
-                       best = cost;
-                   }
-               }
-
-               return idxB;
-           }
-
-
-           function split(graph, wayA, newWayId) {
-               var wayB = osmWay({ id: newWayId, tags: wayA.tags });   // `wayB` is the NEW way
-               var origNodes = wayA.nodes.slice();
-               var nodesA;
-               var nodesB;
-               var isArea = wayA.isArea();
-               var isOuter = osmIsOldMultipolygonOuterMember(wayA, graph);
-
-               if (wayA.isClosed()) {
-                   var nodes = wayA.nodes.slice(0, -1);
-                   var idxA = nodes.indexOf(nodeId);
-                   var idxB = splitArea(nodes, idxA, graph);
-
-                   if (idxB < idxA) {
-                       nodesA = nodes.slice(idxA).concat(nodes.slice(0, idxB + 1));
-                       nodesB = nodes.slice(idxB, idxA + 1);
-                   } else {
-                       nodesA = nodes.slice(idxA, idxB + 1);
-                       nodesB = nodes.slice(idxB).concat(nodes.slice(0, idxA + 1));
-                   }
-               } else {
-                   var idx = wayA.nodes.indexOf(nodeId, 1);
-                   nodesA = wayA.nodes.slice(0, idx + 1);
-                   nodesB = wayA.nodes.slice(idx);
-               }
-
-               wayA = wayA.update({ nodes: nodesA });
-               wayB = wayB.update({ nodes: nodesB });
-
-               graph = graph.replace(wayA);
-               graph = graph.replace(wayB);
-
-               graph.parentRelations(wayA).forEach(function(relation) {
-                   var member;
-
-                   // Turn restrictions - make sure:
-                   // 1. Splitting a FROM/TO way - only `wayA` OR `wayB` remains in relation
-                   //    (whichever one is connected to the VIA node/ways)
-                   // 2. Splitting a VIA way - `wayB` remains in relation as a VIA way
-                   if (relation.hasFromViaTo()) {
-                       var f = relation.memberByRole('from');
-                       var v = relation.membersByRole('via');
-                       var t = relation.memberByRole('to');
-                       var i;
-
-                       // 1. split a FROM/TO
-                       if (f.id === wayA.id || t.id === wayA.id) {
-                           var keepB = false;
-                           if (v.length === 1 && v[0].type === 'node') {   // check via node
-                               keepB = wayB.contains(v[0].id);
-                           } else {                                        // check via way(s)
-                               for (i = 0; i < v.length; i++) {
-                                   if (v[i].type === 'way') {
-                                       var wayVia = graph.hasEntity(v[i].id);
-                                       if (wayVia && utilArrayIntersection(wayB.nodes, wayVia.nodes).length) {
-                                           keepB = true;
-                                           break;
-                                       }
-                                   }
-                               }
-                           }
-
-                           if (keepB) {
-                               relation = relation.replaceMember(wayA, wayB);
-                               graph = graph.replace(relation);
-                           }
-
-                       // 2. split a VIA
-                       } else {
-                           for (i = 0; i < v.length; i++) {
-                               if (v[i].type === 'way' && v[i].id === wayA.id) {
-                                   member = {
-                                       id: wayB.id,
-                                       type: 'way',
-                                       role: 'via'
-                                   };
-                                   graph = actionAddMember(relation.id, member, v[i].index + 1)(graph);
-                                   break;
-                               }
-                           }
-                       }
-
-                   // All other relations (Routes, Multipolygons, etc):
-                   // 1. Both `wayA` and `wayB` remain in the relation
-                   // 2. But must be inserted as a pair (see `actionAddMember` for details)
-                   } else {
-                       if (relation === isOuter) {
-                           graph = graph.replace(relation.mergeTags(wayA.tags));
-                           graph = graph.replace(wayA.update({ tags: {} }));
-                           graph = graph.replace(wayB.update({ tags: {} }));
-                       }
-
-                       member = {
-                           id: wayB.id,
-                           type: 'way',
-                           role: relation.memberById(wayA.id).role
-                       };
-
-                       var insertPair = {
-                           originalID: wayA.id,
-                           insertedID: wayB.id,
-                           nodes: origNodes
-                       };
-
-                       graph = actionAddMember(relation.id, member, undefined, insertPair)(graph);
-                   }
-               });
-
-               if (!isOuter && isArea) {
-                   var multipolygon = osmRelation({
-                       tags: Object.assign({}, wayA.tags, { type: 'multipolygon' }),
-                       members: [
-                           { id: wayA.id, role: 'outer', type: 'way' },
-                           { id: wayB.id, role: 'outer', type: 'way' }
-                       ]
-                   });
-
-                   graph = graph.replace(multipolygon);
-                   graph = graph.replace(wayA.update({ tags: {} }));
-                   graph = graph.replace(wayB.update({ tags: {} }));
-               }
-
-               createdWayIDs.push(wayB.id);
-
-               return graph;
-           }
-
-           var action = function(graph) {
-               var candidates = action.ways(graph);
-               createdWayIDs = [];
-               for (var i = 0; i < candidates.length; i++) {
-                   graph = split(graph, candidates[i], newWayIds && newWayIds[i]);
-               }
-               return graph;
-           };
-
-           action.getCreatedWayIDs = function() {
-               return createdWayIDs;
-           };
-
-           action.ways = function(graph) {
-               var node = graph.entity(nodeId);
-               var parents = graph.parentWays(node);
-               var hasLines = parents.some(function(parent) {
-                   return parent.geometry(graph) === 'line';
-               });
-
-               return parents.filter(function(parent) {
-                   if (_wayIDs && _wayIDs.indexOf(parent.id) === -1)
-                       return false;
-
-                   if (!_wayIDs && hasLines && parent.geometry(graph) !== 'line')
-                       return false;
-
-                   if (parent.isClosed()) {
-                       return true;
-                   }
-
-                   for (var i = 1; i < parent.nodes.length - 1; i++) {
-                       if (parent.nodes[i] === nodeId) {
-                           return true;
-                       }
-                   }
-
-                   return false;
-               });
-           };
-
-
-           action.disabled = function(graph) {
-               var candidates = action.ways(graph);
-               if (candidates.length === 0 || (_wayIDs && _wayIDs.length !== candidates.length)) {
-                   return 'not_eligible';
-               }
-           };
-
-
-           action.limitWays = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _wayIDs;
-               _wayIDs = val;
-               return action;
-           };
-
-
-           return action;
-       }
-
-       function coreGraph(other, mutable) {
-           if (!(this instanceof coreGraph)) return new coreGraph(other, mutable);
-
-           if (other instanceof coreGraph) {
-               var base = other.base();
-               this.entities = Object.assign(Object.create(base.entities), other.entities);
-               this._parentWays = Object.assign(Object.create(base.parentWays), other._parentWays);
-               this._parentRels = Object.assign(Object.create(base.parentRels), other._parentRels);
-
-           } else {
-               this.entities = Object.create({});
-               this._parentWays = Object.create({});
-               this._parentRels = Object.create({});
-               this.rebase(other || [], [this]);
-           }
-
-           this.transients = {};
-           this._childNodes = {};
-           this.frozen = !mutable;
-       }
-
-
-       coreGraph.prototype = {
-
-           hasEntity: function(id) {
-               return this.entities[id];
-           },
-
-
-           entity: function(id) {
-               var entity = this.entities[id];
-
-               //https://github.com/openstreetmap/iD/issues/3973#issuecomment-307052376
-               if (!entity) {
-                   entity = this.entities.__proto__[id];  // eslint-disable-line no-proto
-               }
-
-               if (!entity) {
-                   throw new Error('entity ' + id + ' not found');
-               }
-               return entity;
-           },
-
-
-           geometry: function(id) {
-               return this.entity(id).geometry(this);
-           },
-
-
-           transient: function(entity, key, fn) {
-               var id = entity.id;
-               var transients = this.transients[id] || (this.transients[id] = {});
-
-               if (transients[key] !== undefined) {
-                   return transients[key];
-               }
-
-               transients[key] = fn.call(entity);
-
-               return transients[key];
-           },
-
-
-           parentWays: function(entity) {
-               var parents = this._parentWays[entity.id];
-               var result = [];
-               if (parents) {
-                   parents.forEach(function(id) {
-                       result.push(this.entity(id));
-                   }, this);
-               }
-               return result;
-           },
-
-
-           isPoi: function(entity) {
-               var parents = this._parentWays[entity.id];
-               return !parents || parents.size === 0;
-           },
-
-
-           isShared: function(entity) {
-               var parents = this._parentWays[entity.id];
-               return parents && parents.size > 1;
-           },
-
-
-           parentRelations: function(entity) {
-               var parents = this._parentRels[entity.id];
-               var result = [];
-               if (parents) {
-                   parents.forEach(function(id) {
-                       result.push(this.entity(id));
-                   }, this);
-               }
-               return result;
-           },
-
-           parentMultipolygons: function(entity) {
-               return this.parentRelations(entity).filter(function(relation) {
-                   return relation.isMultipolygon();
-               });
-           },
-
-
-           childNodes: function(entity) {
-               if (this._childNodes[entity.id]) return this._childNodes[entity.id];
-               if (!entity.nodes) return [];
-
-               var nodes = [];
-               for (var i = 0; i < entity.nodes.length; i++) {
-                   nodes[i] = this.entity(entity.nodes[i]);
-               }
-
-               this._childNodes[entity.id] = nodes;
-               return this._childNodes[entity.id];
-           },
-
-
-           base: function() {
-               return {
-                   'entities': Object.getPrototypeOf(this.entities),
-                   'parentWays': Object.getPrototypeOf(this._parentWays),
-                   'parentRels': Object.getPrototypeOf(this._parentRels)
-               };
-           },
-
-
-           // Unlike other graph methods, rebase mutates in place. This is because it
-           // is used only during the history operation that merges newly downloaded
-           // data into each state. To external consumers, it should appear as if the
-           // graph always contained the newly downloaded data.
-           rebase: function(entities, stack, force) {
-               var base = this.base();
-               var i, j, k, id;
-
-               for (i = 0; i < entities.length; i++) {
-                   var entity = entities[i];
-
-                   if (!entity.visible || (!force && base.entities[entity.id]))
-                       continue;
-
-                   // Merging data into the base graph
-                   base.entities[entity.id] = entity;
-                   this._updateCalculated(undefined, entity, base.parentWays, base.parentRels);
-
-                   // Restore provisionally-deleted nodes that are discovered to have an extant parent
-                   if (entity.type === 'way') {
-                       for (j = 0; j < entity.nodes.length; j++) {
-                           id = entity.nodes[j];
-                           for (k = 1; k < stack.length; k++) {
-                               var ents = stack[k].entities;
-                               if (ents.hasOwnProperty(id) && ents[id] === undefined) {
-                                   delete ents[id];
-                               }
-                           }
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
-
-               for (i = 0; i < stack.length; i++) {
-                   stack[i]._updateRebased();
-               }
-           },
-
-
-           _updateRebased: function() {
-               var base = this.base();
+         return length;
+       } // If the given point is at the edge of the padded viewport,
+       // return a vector that will nudge the viewport in that direction
 
-               Object.keys(this._parentWays).forEach(function(child) {
-                   if (base.parentWays[child]) {
-                       base.parentWays[child].forEach(function(id) {
-                           if (!this.entities.hasOwnProperty(id)) {
-                               this._parentWays[child].add(id);
-                           }
-                       }, this);
-                   }
-               }, this);
+       function geoViewportEdge(point, dimensions) {
+         var pad = [80, 20, 50, 20]; // top, right, bottom, left
 
-               Object.keys(this._parentRels).forEach(function(child) {
-                   if (base.parentRels[child]) {
-                       base.parentRels[child].forEach(function(id) {
-                           if (!this.entities.hasOwnProperty(id)) {
-                               this._parentRels[child].add(id);
-                           }
-                       }, this);
-                   }
-               }, this);
+         var x = 0;
+         var y = 0;
 
-               this.transients = {};
+         if (point[0] > dimensions[0] - pad[1]) {
+           x = -10;
+         }
 
-               // this._childNodes is not updated, under the assumption that
-               // ways are always downloaded with their child nodes.
-           },
+         if (point[0] < pad[3]) {
+           x = 10;
+         }
 
+         if (point[1] > dimensions[1] - pad[2]) {
+           y = -10;
+         }
 
-           // Updates calculated properties (parentWays, parentRels) for the specified change
-           _updateCalculated: function(oldentity, entity, parentWays, parentRels) {
-               parentWays = parentWays || this._parentWays;
-               parentRels = parentRels || this._parentRels;
-
-               var type = entity && entity.type || oldentity && oldentity.type;
-               var removed, added, i;
-
-               if (type === 'way') {   // Update parentWays
-                   if (oldentity && entity) {
-                       removed = utilArrayDifference(oldentity.nodes, entity.nodes);
-                       added = utilArrayDifference(entity.nodes, oldentity.nodes);
-                   } else if (oldentity) {
-                       removed = oldentity.nodes;
-                       added = [];
-                   } else if (entity) {
-                       removed = [];
-                       added = entity.nodes;
-                   }
-                   for (i = 0; i < removed.length; i++) {
-                       // make a copy of prototype property, store as own property, and update..
-                       parentWays[removed[i]] = new Set(parentWays[removed[i]]);
-                       parentWays[removed[i]].delete(oldentity.id);
-                   }
-                   for (i = 0; i < added.length; i++) {
-                       // make a copy of prototype property, store as own property, and update..
-                       parentWays[added[i]] = new Set(parentWays[added[i]]);
-                       parentWays[added[i]].add(entity.id);
-                   }
+         if (point[1] < pad[0]) {
+           y = 10;
+         }
 
-               } else if (type === 'relation') {   // Update parentRels
-
-                   // diff only on the IDs since the same entity can be a member multiple times with different roles
-                   var oldentityMemberIDs = oldentity ? oldentity.members.map(function(m) { return m.id; }) : [];
-                   var entityMemberIDs = entity ? entity.members.map(function(m) { return m.id; }) : [];
-
-                   if (oldentity && entity) {
-                       removed = utilArrayDifference(oldentityMemberIDs, entityMemberIDs);
-                       added = utilArrayDifference(entityMemberIDs, oldentityMemberIDs);
-                   } else if (oldentity) {
-                       removed = oldentityMemberIDs;
-                       added = [];
-                   } else if (entity) {
-                       removed = [];
-                       added = entityMemberIDs;
-                   }
-                   for (i = 0; i < removed.length; i++) {
-                       // make a copy of prototype property, store as own property, and update..
-                       parentRels[removed[i]] = new Set(parentRels[removed[i]]);
-                       parentRels[removed[i]].delete(oldentity.id);
-                   }
-                   for (i = 0; i < added.length; i++) {
-                       // make a copy of prototype property, store as own property, and update..
-                       parentRels[added[i]] = new Set(parentRels[added[i]]);
-                       parentRels[added[i]].add(entity.id);
-                   }
-               }
-           },
+         if (x || y) {
+           return [x, y];
+         } else {
+           return null;
+         }
+       }
 
+       var noop = {
+         value: function value() {}
+       };
 
-           replace: function(entity) {
-               if (this.entities[entity.id] === entity) return this;
+       function dispatch$8() {
+         for (var i = 0, n = arguments.length, _ = {}, t; i < n; ++i) {
+           if (!(t = arguments[i] + "") || t in _ || /[\s.]/.test(t)) throw new Error("illegal type: " + t);
+           _[t] = [];
+         }
 
-               return this.update(function() {
-                   this._updateCalculated(this.entities[entity.id], entity);
-                   this.entities[entity.id] = entity;
-               });
-           },
+         return new Dispatch(_);
+       }
 
+       function Dispatch(_) {
+         this._ = _;
+       }
 
-           remove: function(entity) {
-               return this.update(function() {
-                   this._updateCalculated(entity, undefined);
-                   this.entities[entity.id] = undefined;
-               });
-           },
+       function parseTypenames$1(typenames, types) {
+         return typenames.trim().split(/^|\s+/).map(function (t) {
+           var name = "",
+               i = t.indexOf(".");
+           if (i >= 0) name = t.slice(i + 1), t = t.slice(0, i);
+           if (t && !types.hasOwnProperty(t)) throw new Error("unknown type: " + t);
+           return {
+             type: t,
+             name: name
+           };
+         });
+       }
 
+       Dispatch.prototype = dispatch$8.prototype = {
+         constructor: Dispatch,
+         on: function on(typename, callback) {
+           var _ = this._,
+               T = parseTypenames$1(typename + "", _),
+               t,
+               i = -1,
+               n = T.length; // If no callback was specified, return the callback of the given type and name.
 
-           revert: function(id) {
-               var baseEntity = this.base().entities[id];
-               var headEntity = this.entities[id];
-               if (headEntity === baseEntity) return this;
+           if (arguments.length < 2) {
+             while (++i < n) {
+               if ((t = (typename = T[i]).type) && (t = get$2(_[t], typename.name))) return t;
+             }
 
-               return this.update(function() {
-                   this._updateCalculated(headEntity, baseEntity);
-                   delete this.entities[id];
-               });
-           },
+             return;
+           } // If a type was specified, set the callback for the given type and name.
+           // Otherwise, if a null callback was specified, remove callbacks of the given name.
 
 
-           update: function() {
-               var graph = this.frozen ? coreGraph(this, true) : this;
-               for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
-                   arguments[i].call(graph, graph);
-               }
+           if (callback != null && typeof callback !== "function") throw new Error("invalid callback: " + callback);
 
-               if (this.frozen) graph.frozen = true;
+           while (++i < n) {
+             if (t = (typename = T[i]).type) _[t] = set$1(_[t], typename.name, callback);else if (callback == null) for (t in _) {
+               _[t] = set$1(_[t], typename.name, null);
+             }
+           }
 
-               return graph;
-           },
+           return this;
+         },
+         copy: function copy() {
+           var copy = {},
+               _ = this._;
 
+           for (var t in _) {
+             copy[t] = _[t].slice();
+           }
 
-           // Obliterates any existing entities
-           load: function(entities) {
-               var base = this.base();
-               this.entities = Object.create(base.entities);
+           return new Dispatch(copy);
+         },
+         call: function call(type, that) {
+           if ((n = arguments.length - 2) > 0) for (var args = new Array(n), i = 0, n, t; i < n; ++i) {
+             args[i] = arguments[i + 2];
+           }
+           if (!this._.hasOwnProperty(type)) throw new Error("unknown type: " + type);
 
-               for (var i in entities) {
-                   this.entities[i] = entities[i];
-                   this._updateCalculated(base.entities[i], this.entities[i]);
-               }
+           for (t = this._[type], i = 0, n = t.length; i < n; ++i) {
+             t[i].value.apply(that, args);
+           }
+         },
+         apply: function apply(type, that, args) {
+           if (!this._.hasOwnProperty(type)) throw new Error("unknown type: " + type);
 
-               return this;
+           for (var t = this._[type], i = 0, n = t.length; i < n; ++i) {
+             t[i].value.apply(that, args);
            }
+         }
        };
 
-       function osmTurn(turn) {
-           if (!(this instanceof osmTurn)) {
-               return new osmTurn(turn);
+       function get$2(type, name) {
+         for (var i = 0, n = type.length, c; i < n; ++i) {
+           if ((c = type[i]).name === name) {
+             return c.value;
            }
-           Object.assign(this, turn);
+         }
        }
 
-
-       function osmIntersection(graph, startVertexId, maxDistance) {
-           maxDistance = maxDistance || 30;    // in meters
-           var vgraph = coreGraph();           // virtual graph
-           var i, j, k;
-
-
-           function memberOfRestriction(entity) {
-               return graph.parentRelations(entity)
-                   .some(function(r) { return r.isRestriction(); });
-           }
-
-           function isRoad(way) {
-               if (way.isArea() || way.isDegenerate()) return false;
-               var roads = {
-                   'motorway': true,
-                   'motorway_link': true,
-                   'trunk': true,
-                   'trunk_link': true,
-                   'primary': true,
-                   'primary_link': true,
-                   'secondary': true,
-                   'secondary_link': true,
-                   'tertiary': true,
-                   'tertiary_link': true,
-                   'residential': true,
-                   'unclassified': true,
-                   'living_street': true,
-                   'service': true,
-                   'road': true,
-                   'track': true
-               };
-               return roads[way.tags.highway];
-           }
-
-
-           var startNode = graph.entity(startVertexId);
-           var checkVertices = [startNode];
-           var checkWays;
-           var vertices = [];
-           var vertexIds = [];
-           var vertex;
-           var ways = [];
-           var wayIds = [];
-           var way;
-           var nodes = [];
-           var node;
-           var parents = [];
-           var parent;
-
-           // `actions` will store whatever actions must be performed to satisfy
-           // preconditions for adding a turn restriction to this intersection.
-           //  - Remove any existing degenerate turn restrictions (missing from/to, etc)
-           //  - Reverse oneways so that they are drawn in the forward direction
-           //  - Split ways on key vertices
-           var actions = [];
-
-
-           // STEP 1:  walk the graph outwards from starting vertex to search
-           //  for more key vertices and ways to include in the intersection..
-
-           while (checkVertices.length) {
-               vertex = checkVertices.pop();
-
-               // check this vertex for parent ways that are roads
-               checkWays = graph.parentWays(vertex);
-               var hasWays = false;
-               for (i = 0; i < checkWays.length; i++) {
-                   way = checkWays[i];
-                   if (!isRoad(way) && !memberOfRestriction(way)) continue;
-
-                   ways.push(way);   // it's a road, or it's already in a turn restriction
-                   hasWays = true;
-
-                   // check the way's children for more key vertices
-                   nodes = utilArrayUniq(graph.childNodes(way));
-                   for (j = 0; j < nodes.length; j++) {
-                       node = nodes[j];
-                       if (node === vertex) continue;                                           // same thing
-                       if (vertices.indexOf(node) !== -1) continue;                             // seen it already
-                       if (geoSphericalDistance(node.loc, startNode.loc) > maxDistance) continue;   // too far from start
-
-                       // a key vertex will have parents that are also roads
-                       var hasParents = false;
-                       parents = graph.parentWays(node);
-                       for (k = 0; k < parents.length; k++) {
-                           parent = parents[k];
-                           if (parent === way) continue;                 // same thing
-                           if (ways.indexOf(parent) !== -1) continue;    // seen it already
-                           if (!isRoad(parent)) continue;                // not a road
-                           hasParents = true;
-                           break;
-                       }
-
-                       if (hasParents) {
-                           checkVertices.push(node);
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
-
-               if (hasWays) {
-                   vertices.push(vertex);
-               }
+       function set$1(type, name, callback) {
+         for (var i = 0, n = type.length; i < n; ++i) {
+           if (type[i].name === name) {
+             type[i] = noop, type = type.slice(0, i).concat(type.slice(i + 1));
+             break;
            }
+         }
 
-           vertices = utilArrayUniq(vertices);
-           ways = utilArrayUniq(ways);
-
-
-           // STEP 2:  Build a virtual graph containing only the entities in the intersection..
-           // Everything done after this step should act on the virtual graph
-           // Any actions that must be performed later to the main graph go in `actions` array
-           ways.forEach(function(way) {
-               graph.childNodes(way).forEach(function(node) {
-                   vgraph = vgraph.replace(node);
-               });
-
-               vgraph = vgraph.replace(way);
-
-               graph.parentRelations(way).forEach(function(relation) {
-                   if (relation.isRestriction()) {
-                       if (relation.isValidRestriction(graph)) {
-                           vgraph = vgraph.replace(relation);
-                       } else if (relation.isComplete(graph)) {
-                           actions.push(actionDeleteRelation(relation.id));
-                       }
-                   }
-               });
-           });
-
+         if (callback != null) type.push({
+           name: name,
+           value: callback
+         });
+         return type;
+       }
 
-           // STEP 3:  Force all oneways to be drawn in the forward direction
-           ways.forEach(function(w) {
-               var way = vgraph.entity(w.id);
-               if (way.tags.oneway === '-1') {
-                   var action = actionReverse(way.id, { reverseOneway: true });
-                   actions.push(action);
-                   vgraph = action(vgraph);
-               }
-           });
+       var xhtml = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml";
+       var namespaces = {
+         svg: "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",
+         xhtml: xhtml,
+         xlink: "http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink",
+         xml: "http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace",
+         xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/"
+       };
 
+       function namespace (name) {
+         var prefix = name += "",
+             i = prefix.indexOf(":");
+         if (i >= 0 && (prefix = name.slice(0, i)) !== "xmlns") name = name.slice(i + 1);
+         return namespaces.hasOwnProperty(prefix) ? {
+           space: namespaces[prefix],
+           local: name
+         } : name; // eslint-disable-line no-prototype-builtins
+       }
 
-           // STEP 4:  Split ways on key vertices
-           var origCount = osmEntity.id.next.way;
-           vertices.forEach(function(v) {
-               // This is an odd way to do it, but we need to find all the ways that
-               // will be split here, then split them one at a time to ensure that these
-               // actions can be replayed on the main graph exactly in the same order.
-               // (It is unintuitive, but the order of ways returned from graph.parentWays()
-               // is arbitrary, depending on how the main graph and vgraph were built)
-               var splitAll = actionSplit(v.id);
-               if (!splitAll.disabled(vgraph)) {
-                   splitAll.ways(vgraph).forEach(function(way) {
-                       var splitOne = actionSplit(v.id).limitWays([way.id]);
-                       actions.push(splitOne);
-                       vgraph = splitOne(vgraph);
-                   });
-               }
-           });
+       function creatorInherit(name) {
+         return function () {
+           var document = this.ownerDocument,
+               uri = this.namespaceURI;
+           return uri === xhtml && document.documentElement.namespaceURI === xhtml ? document.createElement(name) : document.createElementNS(uri, name);
+         };
+       }
 
-           // In here is where we should also split the intersection at nearby junction.
-           //   for https://github.com/mapbox/iD-internal/issues/31
-           // nearbyVertices.forEach(function(v) {
-           // });
+       function creatorFixed(fullname) {
+         return function () {
+           return this.ownerDocument.createElementNS(fullname.space, fullname.local);
+         };
+       }
 
-           // Reasons why we reset the way id count here:
-           //  1. Continuity with way ids created by the splits so that we can replay
-           //     these actions later if the user decides to create a turn restriction
-           //  2. Avoids churning way ids just by hovering over a vertex
-           //     and displaying the turn restriction editor
-           osmEntity.id.next.way = origCount;
+       function creator (name) {
+         var fullname = namespace(name);
+         return (fullname.local ? creatorFixed : creatorInherit)(fullname);
+       }
 
+       function none() {}
 
-           // STEP 5:  Update arrays to point to vgraph entities
-           vertexIds = vertices.map(function(v) { return v.id; });
-           vertices = [];
-           ways = [];
+       function selector (selector) {
+         return selector == null ? none : function () {
+           return this.querySelector(selector);
+         };
+       }
 
-           vertexIds.forEach(function(id) {
-               var vertex = vgraph.entity(id);
-               var parents = vgraph.parentWays(vertex);
-               vertices.push(vertex);
-               ways = ways.concat(parents);
-           });
+       function selection_select (select) {
+         if (typeof select !== "function") select = selector(select);
 
-           vertices = utilArrayUniq(vertices);
-           ways = utilArrayUniq(ways);
+         for (var groups = this._groups, m = groups.length, subgroups = new Array(m), j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
+           for (var group = groups[j], n = group.length, subgroup = subgroups[j] = new Array(n), node, subnode, i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+             if ((node = group[i]) && (subnode = select.call(node, node.__data__, i, group))) {
+               if ("__data__" in node) subnode.__data__ = node.__data__;
+               subgroup[i] = subnode;
+             }
+           }
+         }
 
-           vertexIds = vertices.map(function(v) { return v.id; });
-           wayIds = ways.map(function(w) { return w.id; });
+         return new Selection$1(subgroups, this._parents);
+       }
 
+       function array (x) {
+         return _typeof(x) === "object" && "length" in x ? x // Array, TypedArray, NodeList, array-like
+         : Array.from(x); // Map, Set, iterable, string, or anything else
+       }
 
-           // STEP 6:  Update the ways with some metadata that will be useful for
-           // walking the intersection graph later and rendering turn arrows.
+       function empty() {
+         return [];
+       }
 
-           function withMetadata(way, vertexIds) {
-               var __oneWay = way.isOneWay();
+       function selectorAll (selector) {
+         return selector == null ? empty : function () {
+           return this.querySelectorAll(selector);
+         };
+       }
 
-               // which affixes are key vertices?
-               var __first = (vertexIds.indexOf(way.first()) !== -1);
-               var __last = (vertexIds.indexOf(way.last()) !== -1);
+       function arrayAll(select) {
+         return function () {
+           var group = select.apply(this, arguments);
+           return group == null ? [] : array(group);
+         };
+       }
 
-               // what roles is this way eligible for?
-               var __via = (__first && __last);
-               var __from = ((__first && !__oneWay) || __last);
-               var __to = (__first || (__last && !__oneWay));
+       function selection_selectAll (select) {
+         if (typeof select === "function") select = arrayAll(select);else select = selectorAll(select);
 
-               return way.update({
-                   __first:  __first,
-                   __last:  __last,
-                   __from:  __from,
-                   __via: __via,
-                   __to:  __to,
-                   __oneWay:  __oneWay
-               });
+         for (var groups = this._groups, m = groups.length, subgroups = [], parents = [], j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
+           for (var group = groups[j], n = group.length, node, i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+             if (node = group[i]) {
+               subgroups.push(select.call(node, node.__data__, i, group));
+               parents.push(node);
+             }
            }
+         }
 
-           ways = [];
-           wayIds.forEach(function(id) {
-               var way = withMetadata(vgraph.entity(id), vertexIds);
-               vgraph = vgraph.replace(way);
-               ways.push(way);
-           });
-
-
-           // STEP 7:  Simplify - This is an iterative process where we:
-           //  1. Find trivial vertices with only 2 parents
-           //  2. trim off the leaf way from those vertices and remove from vgraph
-
-           var keepGoing;
-           var removeWayIds = [];
-           var removeVertexIds = [];
-
-           do {
-               keepGoing = false;
-               checkVertices = vertexIds.slice();
+         return new Selection$1(subgroups, parents);
+       }
 
-               for (i = 0; i < checkVertices.length; i++) {
-                   var vertexId = checkVertices[i];
-                   vertex = vgraph.hasEntity(vertexId);
+       var $find = arrayIteration.find;
 
-                   if (!vertex) {
-                       if (vertexIds.indexOf(vertexId) !== -1) {
-                           vertexIds.splice(vertexIds.indexOf(vertexId), 1);   // stop checking this one
-                       }
-                       removeVertexIds.push(vertexId);
-                       continue;
-                   }
 
-                   parents = vgraph.parentWays(vertex);
-                   if (parents.length < 3) {
-                       if (vertexIds.indexOf(vertexId) !== -1) {
-                           vertexIds.splice(vertexIds.indexOf(vertexId), 1);   // stop checking this one
-                       }
-                   }
+       var FIND = 'find';
+       var SKIPS_HOLES$1 = true;
 
-                   if (parents.length === 2) {     // vertex with 2 parents is trivial
-                       var a = parents[0];
-                       var b = parents[1];
-                       var aIsLeaf = a && !a.__via;
-                       var bIsLeaf = b && !b.__via;
-                       var leaf, survivor;
-
-                       if (aIsLeaf && !bIsLeaf) {
-                           leaf = a;
-                           survivor = b;
-                       } else if (!aIsLeaf && bIsLeaf) {
-                           leaf = b;
-                           survivor = a;
-                       }
+       // Shouldn't skip holes
+       if (FIND in []) Array(1)[FIND](function () { SKIPS_HOLES$1 = false; });
 
-                       if (leaf && survivor) {
-                           survivor = withMetadata(survivor, vertexIds);      // update survivor way
-                           vgraph = vgraph.replace(survivor).remove(leaf);    // update graph
-                           removeWayIds.push(leaf.id);
-                           keepGoing = true;
-                       }
-                   }
+       // `Array.prototype.find` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-array.prototype.find
+       _export({ target: 'Array', proto: true, forced: SKIPS_HOLES$1 }, {
+         find: function find(callbackfn /* , that = undefined */) {
+           return $find(this, callbackfn, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);
+         }
+       });
 
-                   parents = vgraph.parentWays(vertex);
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-array.prototype-@@unscopables
+       addToUnscopables(FIND);
 
-                   if (parents.length < 2) {     // vertex is no longer a key vertex
-                       if (vertexIds.indexOf(vertexId) !== -1) {
-                           vertexIds.splice(vertexIds.indexOf(vertexId), 1);   // stop checking this one
-                       }
-                       removeVertexIds.push(vertexId);
-                       keepGoing = true;
-                   }
+       function matcher (selector) {
+         return function () {
+           return this.matches(selector);
+         };
+       }
+       function childMatcher(selector) {
+         return function (node) {
+           return node.matches(selector);
+         };
+       }
 
-                   if (parents.length < 1) {     // vertex is no longer attached to anything
-                       vgraph = vgraph.remove(vertex);
-                   }
+       var find = Array.prototype.find;
 
-               }
-           } while (keepGoing);
+       function childFind(match) {
+         return function () {
+           return find.call(this.children, match);
+         };
+       }
 
+       function childFirst() {
+         return this.firstElementChild;
+       }
 
-           vertices = vertices
-               .filter(function(vertex) { return removeVertexIds.indexOf(vertex.id) === -1; })
-               .map(function(vertex) { return vgraph.entity(vertex.id); });
-           ways = ways
-               .filter(function(way) { return removeWayIds.indexOf(way.id) === -1; })
-               .map(function(way) { return vgraph.entity(way.id); });
+       function selection_selectChild (match) {
+         return this.select(match == null ? childFirst : childFind(typeof match === "function" ? match : childMatcher(match)));
+       }
 
+       var filter = Array.prototype.filter;
 
-           // OK!  Here is our intersection..
-           var intersection = {
-               graph: vgraph,
-               actions: actions,
-               vertices: vertices,
-               ways: ways,
-           };
+       function children() {
+         return this.children;
+       }
 
+       function childrenFilter(match) {
+         return function () {
+           return filter.call(this.children, match);
+         };
+       }
 
+       function selection_selectChildren (match) {
+         return this.selectAll(match == null ? children : childrenFilter(typeof match === "function" ? match : childMatcher(match)));
+       }
 
-           // Get all the valid turns through this intersection given a starting way id.
-           // This operates on the virtual graph for everything.
-           //
-           // Basically, walk through all possible paths from starting way,
-           //   honoring the existing turn restrictions as we go (watch out for loops!)
-           //
-           // For each path found, generate and return a `osmTurn` datastructure.
-           //
-           intersection.turns = function(fromWayId, maxViaWay) {
-               if (!fromWayId) return [];
-               if (!maxViaWay) maxViaWay = 0;
-
-               var vgraph = intersection.graph;
-               var keyVertexIds = intersection.vertices.map(function(v) { return v.id; });
-
-               var start = vgraph.entity(fromWayId);
-               if (!start || !(start.__from || start.__via)) return [];
-
-               // maxViaWay=0   from-*-to              (0 vias)
-               // maxViaWay=1   from-*-via-*-to        (1 via max)
-               // maxViaWay=2   from-*-via-*-via-*-to  (2 vias max)
-               var maxPathLength = (maxViaWay * 2) + 3;
-               var turns = [];
-
-               step(start);
-               return turns;
-
-
-               // traverse the intersection graph and find all the valid paths
-               function step(entity, currPath, currRestrictions, matchedRestriction) {
-                   currPath = (currPath || []).slice();  // shallow copy
-                   if (currPath.length >= maxPathLength) return;
-                   currPath.push(entity.id);
-                   currRestrictions = (currRestrictions || []).slice();  // shallow copy
-                   var i, j;
-
-                   if (entity.type === 'node') {
-                       var parents = vgraph.parentWays(entity);
-                       var nextWays = [];
-
-                       // which ways can we step into?
-                       for (i = 0; i < parents.length; i++) {
-                           var way = parents[i];
-
-                           // if next way is a oneway incoming to this vertex, skip
-                           if (way.__oneWay && way.nodes[0] !== entity.id) continue;
-
-                           // if we have seen it before (allowing for an initial u-turn), skip
-                           if (currPath.indexOf(way.id) !== -1 && currPath.length >= 3) continue;
-
-                           // Check all "current" restrictions (where we've already walked the `FROM`)
-                           var restrict = undefined;
-                           for (j = 0; j < currRestrictions.length; j++) {
-                               var restriction = currRestrictions[j];
-                               var f = restriction.memberByRole('from');
-                               var v = restriction.membersByRole('via');
-                               var t = restriction.memberByRole('to');
-                               var isOnly = /^only_/.test(restriction.tags.restriction);
-
-                               // Does the current path match this turn restriction?
-                               var matchesFrom = (f.id === fromWayId);
-                               var matchesViaTo = false;
-                               var isAlongOnlyPath = false;
-
-                               if (t.id === way.id) {     // match TO
-
-                                   if (v.length === 1 && v[0].type === 'node') {    // match VIA node
-                                       matchesViaTo = (v[0].id === entity.id && (
-                                           (matchesFrom && currPath.length === 2) ||
-                                           (!matchesFrom && currPath.length > 2)
-                                       ));
-
-                                   } else {                                         // match all VIA ways
-                                       var pathVias = [];
-                                       for (k = 2; k < currPath.length; k +=2 ) {   // k = 2 skips FROM
-                                           pathVias.push(currPath[k]);              // (path goes way-node-way...)
-                                       }
-                                       var restrictionVias = [];
-                                       for (k = 0; k < v.length; k++) {
-                                           if (v[k].type === 'way') {
-                                               restrictionVias.push(v[k].id);
-                                           }
-                                       }
-                                       var diff = utilArrayDifference(pathVias, restrictionVias);
-                                       matchesViaTo = !diff.length;
-                                   }
-
-                               } else if (isOnly) {
-                                   for (k = 0; k < v.length; k++) {
-                                       // way doesn't match TO, but is one of the via ways along the path of an "only"
-                                       if (v[k].type === 'way' && v[k].id === way.id) {
-                                           isAlongOnlyPath = true;
-                                           break;
-                                       }
-                                   }
-                               }
-
-                               if (matchesViaTo) {
-                                   if (isOnly) {
-                                       restrict = { id: restriction.id, direct: matchesFrom, from: f.id, only: true, end: true };
-                                   } else {
-                                       restrict = { id: restriction.id, direct: matchesFrom, from: f.id, no: true, end: true };
-                                   }
-                               } else {    // indirect - caused by a different nearby restriction
-                                   if (isAlongOnlyPath) {
-                                       restrict = { id: restriction.id, direct: false, from: f.id, only: true, end: false };
-                                   } else if (isOnly) {
-                                       restrict = { id: restriction.id, direct: false, from: f.id, no: true, end: true };
-                                   }
-                               }
-
-                               // stop looking if we find a "direct" restriction (matching FROM, VIA, TO)
-                               if (restrict && restrict.direct)
-                                   break;
-                           }
+       function selection_filter (match) {
+         if (typeof match !== "function") match = matcher(match);
 
-                           nextWays.push({ way: way, restrict: restrict });
-                       }
+         for (var groups = this._groups, m = groups.length, subgroups = new Array(m), j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
+           for (var group = groups[j], n = group.length, subgroup = subgroups[j] = [], node, i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+             if ((node = group[i]) && match.call(node, node.__data__, i, group)) {
+               subgroup.push(node);
+             }
+           }
+         }
 
-                       nextWays.forEach(function(nextWay) {
-                           step(nextWay.way, currPath, currRestrictions, nextWay.restrict);
-                       });
+         return new Selection$1(subgroups, this._parents);
+       }
 
+       function sparse (update) {
+         return new Array(update.length);
+       }
 
-                   } else {  // entity.type === 'way'
-                       if (currPath.length >= 3) {     // this is a "complete" path..
-                           var turnPath = currPath.slice();   // shallow copy
+       function selection_enter () {
+         return new Selection$1(this._enter || this._groups.map(sparse), this._parents);
+       }
+       function EnterNode(parent, datum) {
+         this.ownerDocument = parent.ownerDocument;
+         this.namespaceURI = parent.namespaceURI;
+         this._next = null;
+         this._parent = parent;
+         this.__data__ = datum;
+       }
+       EnterNode.prototype = {
+         constructor: EnterNode,
+         appendChild: function appendChild(child) {
+           return this._parent.insertBefore(child, this._next);
+         },
+         insertBefore: function insertBefore(child, next) {
+           return this._parent.insertBefore(child, next);
+         },
+         querySelector: function querySelector(selector) {
+           return this._parent.querySelector(selector);
+         },
+         querySelectorAll: function querySelectorAll(selector) {
+           return this._parent.querySelectorAll(selector);
+         }
+       };
 
-                           // an indirect restriction - only include the partial path (starting at FROM)
-                           if (matchedRestriction && matchedRestriction.direct === false) {
-                               for (i = 0; i < turnPath.length; i++) {
-                                   if (turnPath[i] === matchedRestriction.from) {
-                                       turnPath = turnPath.slice(i);
-                                       break;
-                                   }
-                               }
-                           }
+       function constant$3 (x) {
+         return function () {
+           return x;
+         };
+       }
 
-                           var turn = pathToTurn(turnPath);
-                           if (turn) {
-                               if (matchedRestriction) {
-                                   turn.restrictionID = matchedRestriction.id;
-                                   turn.no = matchedRestriction.no;
-                                   turn.only = matchedRestriction.only;
-                                   turn.direct = matchedRestriction.direct;
-                               }
-                               turns.push(osmTurn(turn));
-                           }
+       function bindIndex(parent, group, enter, update, exit, data) {
+         var i = 0,
+             node,
+             groupLength = group.length,
+             dataLength = data.length; // Put any non-null nodes that fit into update.
+         // Put any null nodes into enter.
+         // Put any remaining data into enter.
 
-                           if (currPath[0] === currPath[2]) return;   // if we made a u-turn - stop here
-                       }
+         for (; i < dataLength; ++i) {
+           if (node = group[i]) {
+             node.__data__ = data[i];
+             update[i] = node;
+           } else {
+             enter[i] = new EnterNode(parent, data[i]);
+           }
+         } // Put any non-null nodes that don’t fit into exit.
 
-                       if (matchedRestriction && matchedRestriction.end) return;  // don't advance any further
 
-                       // which nodes can we step into?
-                       var n1 = vgraph.entity(entity.first());
-                       var n2 = vgraph.entity(entity.last());
-                       var dist = geoSphericalDistance(n1.loc, n2.loc);
-                       var nextNodes = [];
+         for (; i < groupLength; ++i) {
+           if (node = group[i]) {
+             exit[i] = node;
+           }
+         }
+       }
 
-                       if (currPath.length > 1) {
-                           if (dist > maxDistance) return;   // the next node is too far
-                           if (!entity.__via) return;        // this way is a leaf / can't be a via
-                       }
+       function bindKey(parent, group, enter, update, exit, data, key) {
+         var i,
+             node,
+             nodeByKeyValue = new Map(),
+             groupLength = group.length,
+             dataLength = data.length,
+             keyValues = new Array(groupLength),
+             keyValue; // Compute the key for each node.
+         // If multiple nodes have the same key, the duplicates are added to exit.
 
-                       if (!entity.__oneWay &&                     // bidirectional..
-                           keyVertexIds.indexOf(n1.id) !== -1 &&   // key vertex..
-                           currPath.indexOf(n1.id) === -1) {       // haven't seen it yet..
-                           nextNodes.push(n1);                     // can advance to first node
-                       }
-                       if (keyVertexIds.indexOf(n2.id) !== -1 &&   // key vertex..
-                           currPath.indexOf(n2.id) === -1) {       // haven't seen it yet..
-                           nextNodes.push(n2);                     // can advance to last node
-                       }
+         for (i = 0; i < groupLength; ++i) {
+           if (node = group[i]) {
+             keyValues[i] = keyValue = key.call(node, node.__data__, i, group) + "";
 
-                       nextNodes.forEach(function(nextNode) {
-                           // gather restrictions FROM this way
-                           var fromRestrictions = vgraph.parentRelations(entity).filter(function(r) {
-                               if (!r.isRestriction()) return false;
-
-                               var f = r.memberByRole('from');
-                               if (!f || f.id !== entity.id) return false;
-
-                               var isOnly = /^only_/.test(r.tags.restriction);
-                               if (!isOnly) return true;
-
-                               // `only_` restrictions only matter along the direction of the VIA - #4849
-                               var isOnlyVia = false;
-                               var v = r.membersByRole('via');
-                               if (v.length === 1 && v[0].type === 'node') {   // via node
-                                   isOnlyVia = (v[0].id === nextNode.id);
-                               } else {                                        // via way(s)
-                                   for (var i = 0; i < v.length; i++) {
-                                       if (v[i].type !== 'way') continue;
-                                       var viaWay = vgraph.entity(v[i].id);
-                                       if (viaWay.first() === nextNode.id || viaWay.last() === nextNode.id) {
-                                           isOnlyVia = true;
-                                           break;
-                                       }
-                                   }
-                               }
-                               return isOnlyVia;
-                           });
+             if (nodeByKeyValue.has(keyValue)) {
+               exit[i] = node;
+             } else {
+               nodeByKeyValue.set(keyValue, node);
+             }
+           }
+         } // Compute the key for each datum.
+         // If there a node associated with this key, join and add it to update.
+         // If there is not (or the key is a duplicate), add it to enter.
 
-                           step(nextNode, currPath, currRestrictions.concat(fromRestrictions), false);
-                       });
-                   }
-               }
 
+         for (i = 0; i < dataLength; ++i) {
+           keyValue = key.call(parent, data[i], i, data) + "";
 
-               // assumes path is alternating way-node-way of odd length
-               function pathToTurn(path) {
-                   if (path.length < 3) return;
-                   var fromWayId, fromNodeId, fromVertexId;
-                   var toWayId, toNodeId, toVertexId;
-                   var viaWayIds, viaNodeId, isUturn;
+           if (node = nodeByKeyValue.get(keyValue)) {
+             update[i] = node;
+             node.__data__ = data[i];
+             nodeByKeyValue["delete"](keyValue);
+           } else {
+             enter[i] = new EnterNode(parent, data[i]);
+           }
+         } // Add any remaining nodes that were not bound to data to exit.
 
-                   fromWayId = path[0];
-                   toWayId = path[path.length - 1];
 
-                   if (path.length === 3 && fromWayId === toWayId) {  // u turn
-                       var way = vgraph.entity(fromWayId);
-                       if (way.__oneWay) return null;
+         for (i = 0; i < groupLength; ++i) {
+           if ((node = group[i]) && nodeByKeyValue.get(keyValues[i]) === node) {
+             exit[i] = node;
+           }
+         }
+       }
 
-                       isUturn = true;
-                       viaNodeId = fromVertexId = toVertexId = path[1];
-                       fromNodeId = toNodeId = adjacentNode(fromWayId, viaNodeId);
+       function datum(node) {
+         return node.__data__;
+       }
 
-                   } else {
-                       isUturn = false;
-                       fromVertexId = path[1];
-                       fromNodeId = adjacentNode(fromWayId, fromVertexId);
-                       toVertexId = path[path.length - 2];
-                       toNodeId = adjacentNode(toWayId, toVertexId);
-
-                       if (path.length === 3) {
-                           viaNodeId = path[1];
-                       } else {
-                           viaWayIds = path.filter(function(entityId) { return entityId[0] === 'w'; });
-                           viaWayIds = viaWayIds.slice(1, viaWayIds.length - 1);  // remove first, last
-                       }
-                   }
+       function selection_data (value, key) {
+         if (!arguments.length) return Array.from(this, datum);
+         var bind = key ? bindKey : bindIndex,
+             parents = this._parents,
+             groups = this._groups;
+         if (typeof value !== "function") value = constant$3(value);
 
-                   return {
-                       key:  path.join('_'),
-                       path: path,
-                       from: { node: fromNodeId, way:  fromWayId, vertex: fromVertexId },
-                       via:  { node: viaNodeId,  ways: viaWayIds },
-                       to:   { node: toNodeId,   way:  toWayId, vertex: toVertexId },
-                       u:    isUturn
-                   };
+         for (var m = groups.length, update = new Array(m), enter = new Array(m), exit = new Array(m), j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
+           var parent = parents[j],
+               group = groups[j],
+               groupLength = group.length,
+               data = array(value.call(parent, parent && parent.__data__, j, parents)),
+               dataLength = data.length,
+               enterGroup = enter[j] = new Array(dataLength),
+               updateGroup = update[j] = new Array(dataLength),
+               exitGroup = exit[j] = new Array(groupLength);
+           bind(parent, group, enterGroup, updateGroup, exitGroup, data, key); // Now connect the enter nodes to their following update node, such that
+           // appendChild can insert the materialized enter node before this node,
+           // rather than at the end of the parent node.
 
+           for (var i0 = 0, i1 = 0, previous, next; i0 < dataLength; ++i0) {
+             if (previous = enterGroup[i0]) {
+               if (i0 >= i1) i1 = i0 + 1;
 
-                   function adjacentNode(wayId, affixId) {
-                       var nodes = vgraph.entity(wayId).nodes;
-                       return affixId === nodes[0] ? nodes[1] : nodes[nodes.length - 2];
-                   }
+               while (!(next = updateGroup[i1]) && ++i1 < dataLength) {
                }
 
-           };
+               previous._next = next || null;
+             }
+           }
+         }
 
-           return intersection;
+         update = new Selection$1(update, parents);
+         update._enter = enter;
+         update._exit = exit;
+         return update;
        }
 
+       function selection_exit () {
+         return new Selection$1(this._exit || this._groups.map(sparse), this._parents);
+       }
 
-       function osmInferRestriction(graph, turn, projection) {
-           var fromWay = graph.entity(turn.from.way);
-           var fromNode = graph.entity(turn.from.node);
-           var fromVertex = graph.entity(turn.from.vertex);
-           var toWay = graph.entity(turn.to.way);
-           var toNode = graph.entity(turn.to.node);
-           var toVertex = graph.entity(turn.to.vertex);
+       function selection_join (onenter, onupdate, onexit) {
+         var enter = this.enter(),
+             update = this,
+             exit = this.exit();
+         enter = typeof onenter === "function" ? onenter(enter) : enter.append(onenter + "");
+         if (onupdate != null) update = onupdate(update);
+         if (onexit == null) exit.remove();else onexit(exit);
+         return enter && update ? enter.merge(update).order() : update;
+       }
 
-           var fromOneWay = (fromWay.tags.oneway === 'yes');
-           var toOneWay = (toWay.tags.oneway === 'yes');
-           var angle = (geoAngle(fromVertex, fromNode, projection) -
-                       geoAngle(toVertex, toNode, projection)) * 180 / Math.PI;
+       function selection_merge (selection) {
+         if (!(selection instanceof Selection$1)) throw new Error("invalid merge");
 
-           while (angle < 0)
-               angle += 360;
+         for (var groups0 = this._groups, groups1 = selection._groups, m0 = groups0.length, m1 = groups1.length, m = Math.min(m0, m1), merges = new Array(m0), j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
+           for (var group0 = groups0[j], group1 = groups1[j], n = group0.length, merge = merges[j] = new Array(n), node, i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+             if (node = group0[i] || group1[i]) {
+               merge[i] = node;
+             }
+           }
+         }
 
-           if (fromNode === toNode)
-               return 'no_u_turn';
-           if ((angle < 23 || angle > 336) && fromOneWay && toOneWay)
-               return 'no_u_turn';   // wider tolerance for u-turn if both ways are oneway
-           if ((angle < 40 || angle > 319) && fromOneWay && toOneWay && turn.from.vertex !== turn.to.vertex)
-               return 'no_u_turn';   // even wider tolerance for u-turn if there is a via way (from !== to)
-           if (angle < 158)
-               return 'no_right_turn';
-           if (angle > 202)
-               return 'no_left_turn';
+         for (; j < m0; ++j) {
+           merges[j] = groups0[j];
+         }
 
-           return 'no_straight_on';
+         return new Selection$1(merges, this._parents);
        }
 
-       function actionMergePolygon(ids, newRelationId) {
+       function selection_order () {
+         for (var groups = this._groups, j = -1, m = groups.length; ++j < m;) {
+           for (var group = groups[j], i = group.length - 1, next = group[i], node; --i >= 0;) {
+             if (node = group[i]) {
+               if (next && node.compareDocumentPosition(next) ^ 4) next.parentNode.insertBefore(node, next);
+               next = node;
+             }
+           }
+         }
 
-           function groupEntities(graph) {
-               var entities = ids.map(function (id) { return graph.entity(id); });
-               var geometryGroups = utilArrayGroupBy(entities, function(entity) {
-                   if (entity.type === 'way' && entity.isClosed()) {
-                       return 'closedWay';
-                   } else if (entity.type === 'relation' && entity.isMultipolygon()) {
-                       return 'multipolygon';
-                   } else {
-                       return 'other';
-                   }
-               });
+         return this;
+       }
 
-               return Object.assign(
-                   { closedWay: [], multipolygon: [], other: [] },
-                   geometryGroups
-               );
-           }
+       function selection_sort (compare) {
+         if (!compare) compare = ascending;
 
+         function compareNode(a, b) {
+           return a && b ? compare(a.__data__, b.__data__) : !a - !b;
+         }
 
-           var action = function(graph) {
-               var entities = groupEntities(graph);
+         for (var groups = this._groups, m = groups.length, sortgroups = new Array(m), j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
+           for (var group = groups[j], n = group.length, sortgroup = sortgroups[j] = new Array(n), node, i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+             if (node = group[i]) {
+               sortgroup[i] = node;
+             }
+           }
 
-               // An array representing all the polygons that are part of the multipolygon.
-               //
-               // Each element is itself an array of objects with an id property, and has a
-               // locs property which is an array of the locations forming the polygon.
-               var polygons = entities.multipolygon.reduce(function(polygons, m) {
-                   return polygons.concat(osmJoinWays(m.members, graph));
-               }, []).concat(entities.closedWay.map(function(d) {
-                   var member = [{id: d.id}];
-                   member.nodes = graph.childNodes(d);
-                   return member;
-               }));
+           sortgroup.sort(compareNode);
+         }
 
-               // contained is an array of arrays of boolean values,
-               // where contained[j][k] is true iff the jth way is
-               // contained by the kth way.
-               var contained = polygons.map(function(w, i) {
-                   return polygons.map(function(d, n) {
-                       if (i === n) return null;
-                       return geoPolygonContainsPolygon(
-                           d.nodes.map(function(n) { return n.loc; }),
-                           w.nodes.map(function(n) { return n.loc; })
-                       );
-                   });
-               });
+         return new Selection$1(sortgroups, this._parents).order();
+       }
 
-               // Sort all polygons as either outer or inner ways
-               var members = [];
-               var outer = true;
+       function ascending(a, b) {
+         return a < b ? -1 : a > b ? 1 : a >= b ? 0 : NaN;
+       }
 
-               while (polygons.length) {
-                   extractUncontained(polygons);
-                   polygons = polygons.filter(isContained);
-                   contained = contained.filter(isContained).map(filterContained);
-               }
+       function selection_call () {
+         var callback = arguments[0];
+         arguments[0] = this;
+         callback.apply(null, arguments);
+         return this;
+       }
 
-               function isContained(d, i) {
-                   return contained[i].some(function(val) { return val; });
-               }
+       function selection_nodes () {
+         return Array.from(this);
+       }
 
-               function filterContained(d) {
-                   return d.filter(isContained);
-               }
+       function selection_node () {
+         for (var groups = this._groups, j = 0, m = groups.length; j < m; ++j) {
+           for (var group = groups[j], i = 0, n = group.length; i < n; ++i) {
+             var node = group[i];
+             if (node) return node;
+           }
+         }
 
-               function extractUncontained(polygons) {
-                   polygons.forEach(function(d, i) {
-                       if (!isContained(d, i)) {
-                           d.forEach(function(member) {
-                               members.push({
-                                   type: 'way',
-                                   id: member.id,
-                                   role: outer ? 'outer' : 'inner'
-                               });
-                           });
-                       }
-                   });
-                   outer = !outer;
-               }
+         return null;
+       }
 
-               // Move all tags to one relation
-               var relation = entities.multipolygon[0] ||
-                   osmRelation({ id: newRelationId, tags: { type: 'multipolygon' }});
+       function selection_size () {
+         var size = 0;
 
-               entities.multipolygon.slice(1).forEach(function(m) {
-                   relation = relation.mergeTags(m.tags);
-                   graph = graph.remove(m);
-               });
+         var _iterator = _createForOfIteratorHelper(this),
+             _step;
 
-               entities.closedWay.forEach(function(way) {
-                   function isThisOuter(m) {
-                       return m.id === way.id && m.role !== 'inner';
-                   }
-                   if (members.some(isThisOuter)) {
-                       relation = relation.mergeTags(way.tags);
-                       graph = graph.replace(way.update({ tags: {} }));
-                   }
-               });
+         try {
+           for (_iterator.s(); !(_step = _iterator.n()).done;) {
+             var node = _step.value;
+             ++size;
+           } // eslint-disable-line no-unused-vars
 
-               return graph.replace(relation.update({
-                   members: members,
-                   tags: utilObjectOmit(relation.tags, ['area'])
-               }));
-           };
+         } catch (err) {
+           _iterator.e(err);
+         } finally {
+           _iterator.f();
+         }
 
+         return size;
+       }
 
-           action.disabled = function(graph) {
-               var entities = groupEntities(graph);
-               if (entities.other.length > 0 ||
-                   entities.closedWay.length + entities.multipolygon.length < 2) {
-                   return 'not_eligible';
-               }
-               if (!entities.multipolygon.every(function(r) { return r.isComplete(graph); })) {
-                   return 'incomplete_relation';
-               }
+       function selection_empty () {
+         return !this.node();
+       }
 
-               if (!entities.multipolygon.length) {
-                   var sharedMultipolygons = [];
-                   entities.closedWay.forEach(function(way, i) {
-                       if (i === 0) {
-                           sharedMultipolygons = graph.parentMultipolygons(way);
-                       } else {
-                           sharedMultipolygons = utilArrayIntersection(sharedMultipolygons, graph.parentMultipolygons(way));
-                       }
-                   });
-                   sharedMultipolygons = sharedMultipolygons.filter(function(relation) {
-                       return relation.members.length === entities.closedWay.length;
-                   });
-                   if (sharedMultipolygons.length) {
-                       // don't create a new multipolygon if it'd be redundant
-                       return 'not_eligible';
-                   }
-               } else if (entities.closedWay.some(function(way) {
-                       return utilArrayIntersection(graph.parentMultipolygons(way), entities.multipolygon).length;
-                   })) {
-                   // don't add a way to a multipolygon again if it's already a member
-                   return 'not_eligible';
-               }
-           };
+       function selection_each (callback) {
+         for (var groups = this._groups, j = 0, m = groups.length; j < m; ++j) {
+           for (var group = groups[j], i = 0, n = group.length, node; i < n; ++i) {
+             if (node = group[i]) callback.call(node, node.__data__, i, group);
+           }
+         }
 
+         return this;
+       }
 
-           return action;
+       function attrRemove$1(name) {
+         return function () {
+           this.removeAttribute(name);
+         };
        }
 
-       // do not edit .js files directly - edit src/index.jst
+       function attrRemoveNS$1(fullname) {
+         return function () {
+           this.removeAttributeNS(fullname.space, fullname.local);
+         };
+       }
 
+       function attrConstant$1(name, value) {
+         return function () {
+           this.setAttribute(name, value);
+         };
+       }
 
+       function attrConstantNS$1(fullname, value) {
+         return function () {
+           this.setAttributeNS(fullname.space, fullname.local, value);
+         };
+       }
 
-       var fastDeepEqual = function equal(a, b) {
-         if (a === b) return true;
+       function attrFunction$1(name, value) {
+         return function () {
+           var v = value.apply(this, arguments);
+           if (v == null) this.removeAttribute(name);else this.setAttribute(name, v);
+         };
+       }
 
-         if (a && b && typeof a == 'object' && typeof b == 'object') {
-           if (a.constructor !== b.constructor) return false;
+       function attrFunctionNS$1(fullname, value) {
+         return function () {
+           var v = value.apply(this, arguments);
+           if (v == null) this.removeAttributeNS(fullname.space, fullname.local);else this.setAttributeNS(fullname.space, fullname.local, v);
+         };
+       }
 
-           var length, i, keys;
-           if (Array.isArray(a)) {
-             length = a.length;
-             if (length != b.length) return false;
-             for (i = length; i-- !== 0;)
-               if (!equal(a[i], b[i])) return false;
-             return true;
-           }
+       function selection_attr (name, value) {
+         var fullname = namespace(name);
 
+         if (arguments.length < 2) {
+           var node = this.node();
+           return fullname.local ? node.getAttributeNS(fullname.space, fullname.local) : node.getAttribute(fullname);
+         }
 
+         return this.each((value == null ? fullname.local ? attrRemoveNS$1 : attrRemove$1 : typeof value === "function" ? fullname.local ? attrFunctionNS$1 : attrFunction$1 : fullname.local ? attrConstantNS$1 : attrConstant$1)(fullname, value));
+       }
 
-           if (a.constructor === RegExp) return a.source === b.source && a.flags === b.flags;
-           if (a.valueOf !== Object.prototype.valueOf) return a.valueOf() === b.valueOf();
-           if (a.toString !== Object.prototype.toString) return a.toString() === b.toString();
+       function defaultView (node) {
+         return node.ownerDocument && node.ownerDocument.defaultView || // node is a Node
+         node.document && node // node is a Window
+         || node.defaultView; // node is a Document
+       }
 
-           keys = Object.keys(a);
-           length = keys.length;
-           if (length !== Object.keys(b).length) return false;
+       function styleRemove$1(name) {
+         return function () {
+           this.style.removeProperty(name);
+         };
+       }
 
-           for (i = length; i-- !== 0;)
-             if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(b, keys[i])) return false;
+       function styleConstant$1(name, value, priority) {
+         return function () {
+           this.style.setProperty(name, value, priority);
+         };
+       }
 
-           for (i = length; i-- !== 0;) {
-             var key = keys[i];
+       function styleFunction$1(name, value, priority) {
+         return function () {
+           var v = value.apply(this, arguments);
+           if (v == null) this.style.removeProperty(name);else this.style.setProperty(name, v, priority);
+         };
+       }
 
-             if (!equal(a[key], b[key])) return false;
-           }
+       function selection_style (name, value, priority) {
+         return arguments.length > 1 ? this.each((value == null ? styleRemove$1 : typeof value === "function" ? styleFunction$1 : styleConstant$1)(name, value, priority == null ? "" : priority)) : styleValue(this.node(), name);
+       }
+       function styleValue(node, name) {
+         return node.style.getPropertyValue(name) || defaultView(node).getComputedStyle(node, null).getPropertyValue(name);
+       }
 
-           return true;
-         }
+       function propertyRemove(name) {
+         return function () {
+           delete this[name];
+         };
+       }
 
-         // true if both NaN, false otherwise
-         return a!==a && b!==b;
-       };
+       function propertyConstant(name, value) {
+         return function () {
+           this[name] = value;
+         };
+       }
 
-       // Text diff algorithm following Hunt and McIlroy 1976.
-       // J. W. Hunt and M. D. McIlroy, An algorithm for differential buffer
-       // comparison, Bell Telephone Laboratories CSTR #41 (1976)
-       // http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~doug/
-       // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longest_common_subsequence_problem
-       //
-       // Expects two arrays, finds longest common sequence
-       function LCS(buffer1, buffer2) {
+       function propertyFunction(name, value) {
+         return function () {
+           var v = value.apply(this, arguments);
+           if (v == null) delete this[name];else this[name] = v;
+         };
+       }
 
-         let equivalenceClasses = {};
-         for (let j = 0; j < buffer2.length; j++) {
-           const item = buffer2[j];
-           if (equivalenceClasses[item]) {
-             equivalenceClasses[item].push(j);
-           } else {
-             equivalenceClasses[item] = [j];
-           }
-         }
+       function selection_property (name, value) {
+         return arguments.length > 1 ? this.each((value == null ? propertyRemove : typeof value === "function" ? propertyFunction : propertyConstant)(name, value)) : this.node()[name];
+       }
+
+       function classArray(string) {
+         return string.trim().split(/^|\s+/);
+       }
 
-         const NULLRESULT = { buffer1index: -1, buffer2index: -1, chain: null };
-         let candidates = [NULLRESULT];
+       function classList(node) {
+         return node.classList || new ClassList(node);
+       }
 
-         for (let i = 0; i < buffer1.length; i++) {
-           const item = buffer1[i];
-           const buffer2indices = equivalenceClasses[item] || [];
-           let r = 0;
-           let c = candidates[0];
+       function ClassList(node) {
+         this._node = node;
+         this._names = classArray(node.getAttribute("class") || "");
+       }
 
-           for (let jx = 0; jx < buffer2indices.length; jx++) {
-             const j = buffer2indices[jx];
+       ClassList.prototype = {
+         add: function add(name) {
+           var i = this._names.indexOf(name);
 
-             let s;
-             for (s = r; s < candidates.length; s++) {
-               if ((candidates[s].buffer2index < j) && ((s === candidates.length - 1) || (candidates[s + 1].buffer2index > j))) {
-                 break;
-               }
-             }
+           if (i < 0) {
+             this._names.push(name);
 
-             if (s < candidates.length) {
-               const newCandidate = { buffer1index: i, buffer2index: j, chain: candidates[s] };
-               if (r === candidates.length) {
-                 candidates.push(c);
-               } else {
-                 candidates[r] = c;
-               }
-               r = s + 1;
-               c = newCandidate;
-               if (r === candidates.length) {
-                 break; // no point in examining further (j)s
-               }
-             }
+             this._node.setAttribute("class", this._names.join(" "));
            }
+         },
+         remove: function remove(name) {
+           var i = this._names.indexOf(name);
 
-           candidates[r] = c;
+           if (i >= 0) {
+             this._names.splice(i, 1);
+
+             this._node.setAttribute("class", this._names.join(" "));
+           }
+         },
+         contains: function contains(name) {
+           return this._names.indexOf(name) >= 0;
          }
+       };
 
-         // At this point, we know the LCS: it's in the reverse of the
-         // linked-list through .chain of candidates[candidates.length - 1].
+       function classedAdd(node, names) {
+         var list = classList(node),
+             i = -1,
+             n = names.length;
 
-         return candidates[candidates.length - 1];
+         while (++i < n) {
+           list.add(names[i]);
+         }
        }
 
+       function classedRemove(node, names) {
+         var list = classList(node),
+             i = -1,
+             n = names.length;
 
-       // We apply the LCS to give a simple representation of the
-       // offsets and lengths of mismatched chunks in the input
-       // buffers. This is used by diff3MergeRegions.
-       function diffIndices(buffer1, buffer2) {
-         const lcs = LCS(buffer1, buffer2);
-         let result = [];
-         let tail1 = buffer1.length;
-         let tail2 = buffer2.length;
-
-         for (let candidate = lcs; candidate !== null; candidate = candidate.chain) {
-           const mismatchLength1 = tail1 - candidate.buffer1index - 1;
-           const mismatchLength2 = tail2 - candidate.buffer2index - 1;
-           tail1 = candidate.buffer1index;
-           tail2 = candidate.buffer2index;
-
-           if (mismatchLength1 || mismatchLength2) {
-             result.push({
-               buffer1: [tail1 + 1, mismatchLength1],
-               buffer1Content: buffer1.slice(tail1 + 1, tail1 + 1 + mismatchLength1),
-               buffer2: [tail2 + 1, mismatchLength2],
-               buffer2Content: buffer2.slice(tail2 + 1, tail2 + 1 + mismatchLength2)
-             });
-           }
+         while (++i < n) {
+           list.remove(names[i]);
          }
-
-         result.reverse();
-         return result;
        }
 
+       function classedTrue(names) {
+         return function () {
+           classedAdd(this, names);
+         };
+       }
 
-       // Given three buffers, A, O, and B, where both A and B are
-       // independently derived from O, returns a fairly complicated
-       // internal representation of merge decisions it's taken. The
-       // interested reader may wish to consult
-       //
-       // Sanjeev Khanna, Keshav Kunal, and Benjamin C. Pierce.
-       // 'A Formal Investigation of ' In Arvind and Prasad,
-       // editors, Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical
-       // Computer Science (FSTTCS), December 2007.
-       //
-       // (http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~bcpierce/papers/diff3-short.pdf)
-       //
-       function diff3MergeRegions(a, o, b) {
+       function classedFalse(names) {
+         return function () {
+           classedRemove(this, names);
+         };
+       }
 
-         // "hunks" are array subsets where `a` or `b` are different from `o`
-         // https://www.gnu.org/software/diffutils/manual/html_node/diff3-Hunks.html
-         let hunks = [];
-         function addHunk(h, ab) {
-           hunks.push({
-             ab: ab,
-             oStart: h.buffer1[0],
-             oLength: h.buffer1[1],   // length of o to remove
-             abStart: h.buffer2[0],
-             abLength: h.buffer2[1]   // length of a/b to insert
-             // abContent: (ab === 'a' ? a : b).slice(h.buffer2[0], h.buffer2[0] + h.buffer2[1])
-           });
-         }
+       function classedFunction(names, value) {
+         return function () {
+           (value.apply(this, arguments) ? classedAdd : classedRemove)(this, names);
+         };
+       }
 
-         diffIndices(o, a).forEach(item => addHunk(item, 'a'));
-         diffIndices(o, b).forEach(item => addHunk(item, 'b'));
-         hunks.sort((x,y) => x.oStart - y.oStart);
+       function selection_classed (name, value) {
+         var names = classArray(name + "");
 
-         let results = [];
-         let currOffset = 0;
+         if (arguments.length < 2) {
+           var list = classList(this.node()),
+               i = -1,
+               n = names.length;
 
-         function advanceTo(endOffset) {
-           if (endOffset > currOffset) {
-             results.push({
-               stable: true,
-               buffer: 'o',
-               bufferStart: currOffset,
-               bufferLength: endOffset - currOffset,
-               bufferContent: o.slice(currOffset, endOffset)
-             });
-             currOffset = endOffset;
+           while (++i < n) {
+             if (!list.contains(names[i])) return false;
            }
+
+           return true;
          }
 
-         while (hunks.length) {
-           let hunk = hunks.shift();
-           let regionStart = hunk.oStart;
-           let regionEnd = hunk.oStart + hunk.oLength;
-           let regionHunks = [hunk];
-           advanceTo(regionStart);
+         return this.each((typeof value === "function" ? classedFunction : value ? classedTrue : classedFalse)(names, value));
+       }
 
-           // Try to pull next overlapping hunk into this region
-           while (hunks.length) {
-             const nextHunk = hunks[0];
-             const nextHunkStart = nextHunk.oStart;
-             if (nextHunkStart > regionEnd) break;   // no overlap
+       function textRemove() {
+         this.textContent = "";
+       }
 
-             regionEnd = Math.max(regionEnd, nextHunkStart + nextHunk.oLength);
-             regionHunks.push(hunks.shift());
-           }
+       function textConstant$1(value) {
+         return function () {
+           this.textContent = value;
+         };
+       }
 
-           if (regionHunks.length === 1) {
-             // Only one hunk touches this region, meaning that there is no conflict here.
-             // Either `a` or `b` is inserting into a region of `o` unchanged by the other.
-             if (hunk.abLength > 0) {
-               const buffer = (hunk.ab === 'a' ? a : b);
-               results.push({
-                 stable: true,
-                 buffer: hunk.ab,
-                 bufferStart: hunk.abStart,
-                 bufferLength: hunk.abLength,
-                 bufferContent: buffer.slice(hunk.abStart, hunk.abStart + hunk.abLength)
-               });
-             }
-           } else {
-             // A true a/b conflict. Determine the bounds involved from `a`, `o`, and `b`.
-             // Effectively merge all the `a` hunks into one giant hunk, then do the
-             // same for the `b` hunks; then, correct for skew in the regions of `o`
-             // that each side changed, and report appropriate spans for the three sides.
-             let bounds = {
-               a: [a.length, -1, o.length, -1],
-               b: [b.length, -1, o.length, -1]
-             };
-             while (regionHunks.length) {
-               hunk = regionHunks.shift();
-               const oStart = hunk.oStart;
-               const oEnd = oStart + hunk.oLength;
-               const abStart = hunk.abStart;
-               const abEnd = abStart + hunk.abLength;
-               let b = bounds[hunk.ab];
-               b[0] = Math.min(abStart, b[0]);
-               b[1] = Math.max(abEnd, b[1]);
-               b[2] = Math.min(oStart, b[2]);
-               b[3] = Math.max(oEnd, b[3]);
-             }
-
-             const aStart = bounds.a[0] + (regionStart - bounds.a[2]);
-             const aEnd = bounds.a[1] + (regionEnd - bounds.a[3]);
-             const bStart = bounds.b[0] + (regionStart - bounds.b[2]);
-             const bEnd = bounds.b[1] + (regionEnd - bounds.b[3]);
-
-             let result = {
-               stable: false,
-               aStart: aStart,
-               aLength: aEnd - aStart,
-               aContent: a.slice(aStart, aEnd),
-               oStart: regionStart,
-               oLength: regionEnd - regionStart,
-               oContent: o.slice(regionStart, regionEnd),
-               bStart: bStart,
-               bLength: bEnd - bStart,
-               bContent: b.slice(bStart, bEnd)
-             };
-             results.push(result);
-           }
-           currOffset = regionEnd;
-         }
+       function textFunction$1(value) {
+         return function () {
+           var v = value.apply(this, arguments);
+           this.textContent = v == null ? "" : v;
+         };
+       }
 
-         advanceTo(o.length);
+       function selection_text (value) {
+         return arguments.length ? this.each(value == null ? textRemove : (typeof value === "function" ? textFunction$1 : textConstant$1)(value)) : this.node().textContent;
+       }
 
-         return results;
+       function htmlRemove() {
+         this.innerHTML = "";
        }
 
+       function htmlConstant(value) {
+         return function () {
+           this.innerHTML = value;
+         };
+       }
 
-       // Applies the output of diff3MergeRegions to actually
-       // construct the merged buffer; the returned result alternates
-       // between 'ok' and 'conflict' blocks.
-       // A "false conflict" is where `a` and `b` both change the same from `o`
-       function diff3Merge(a, o, b, options) {
-         let defaults = {
-           excludeFalseConflicts: true,
-           stringSeparator: /\s+/
+       function htmlFunction(value) {
+         return function () {
+           var v = value.apply(this, arguments);
+           this.innerHTML = v == null ? "" : v;
          };
-         options = Object.assign(defaults, options);
+       }
 
-         const aString = (typeof a === 'string');
-         const oString = (typeof o === 'string');
-         const bString = (typeof b === 'string');
+       function selection_html (value) {
+         return arguments.length ? this.each(value == null ? htmlRemove : (typeof value === "function" ? htmlFunction : htmlConstant)(value)) : this.node().innerHTML;
+       }
 
-         if (aString) a = a.split(options.stringSeparator);
-         if (oString) o = o.split(options.stringSeparator);
-         if (bString) b = b.split(options.stringSeparator);
+       function raise() {
+         if (this.nextSibling) this.parentNode.appendChild(this);
+       }
 
-         let results = [];
-         const regions = diff3MergeRegions(a, o, b);
+       function selection_raise () {
+         return this.each(raise);
+       }
 
-         let okBuffer = [];
-         function flushOk() {
-           if (okBuffer.length) {
-             results.push({ ok: okBuffer });
-           }
-           okBuffer = [];
-         }
+       function lower() {
+         if (this.previousSibling) this.parentNode.insertBefore(this, this.parentNode.firstChild);
+       }
 
-         function isFalseConflict(a, b) {
-           if (a.length !== b.length) return false;
-           for (let i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
-             if (a[i] !== b[i]) return false;
-           }
-           return true;
-         }
+       function selection_lower () {
+         return this.each(lower);
+       }
 
-         regions.forEach(region =>  {
-           if (region.stable) {
-             okBuffer.push(...region.bufferContent);
-           } else {
-             if (options.excludeFalseConflicts && isFalseConflict(region.aContent, region.bContent)) {
-               okBuffer.push(...region.aContent);
-             } else {
-               flushOk();
-               results.push({
-                 conflict: {
-                   a: region.aContent,
-                   aIndex: region.aStart,
-                   o: region.oContent,
-                   oIndex: region.oStart,
-                   b: region.bContent,
-                   bIndex: region.bStart
-                 }
-               });
-             }
-           }
+       function selection_append (name) {
+         var create = typeof name === "function" ? name : creator(name);
+         return this.select(function () {
+           return this.appendChild(create.apply(this, arguments));
          });
-
-         flushOk();
-         return results;
        }
 
-       function actionMergeRemoteChanges(id, localGraph, remoteGraph, discardTags, formatUser) {
-           discardTags = discardTags || {};
-           var _option = 'safe';  // 'safe', 'force_local', 'force_remote'
-           var _conflicts = [];
+       function constantNull() {
+         return null;
+       }
 
+       function selection_insert (name, before) {
+         var create = typeof name === "function" ? name : creator(name),
+             select = before == null ? constantNull : typeof before === "function" ? before : selector(before);
+         return this.select(function () {
+           return this.insertBefore(create.apply(this, arguments), select.apply(this, arguments) || null);
+         });
+       }
 
-           function user(d) {
-               return (typeof formatUser === 'function') ? formatUser(d) : d;
-           }
+       function remove$7() {
+         var parent = this.parentNode;
+         if (parent) parent.removeChild(this);
+       }
 
+       function selection_remove () {
+         return this.each(remove$7);
+       }
 
-           function mergeLocation(remote, target) {
-               function pointEqual(a, b) {
-                   var epsilon = 1e-6;
-                   return (Math.abs(a[0] - b[0]) < epsilon) && (Math.abs(a[1] - b[1]) < epsilon);
-               }
+       function selection_cloneShallow() {
+         var clone = this.cloneNode(false),
+             parent = this.parentNode;
+         return parent ? parent.insertBefore(clone, this.nextSibling) : clone;
+       }
 
-               if (_option === 'force_local' || pointEqual(target.loc, remote.loc)) {
-                   return target;
-               }
-               if (_option === 'force_remote') {
-                   return target.update({loc: remote.loc});
-               }
+       function selection_cloneDeep() {
+         var clone = this.cloneNode(true),
+             parent = this.parentNode;
+         return parent ? parent.insertBefore(clone, this.nextSibling) : clone;
+       }
 
-               _conflicts.push(_t('merge_remote_changes.conflict.location', { user: user(remote.user) }));
-               return target;
-           }
+       function selection_clone (deep) {
+         return this.select(deep ? selection_cloneDeep : selection_cloneShallow);
+       }
 
+       function selection_datum (value) {
+         return arguments.length ? this.property("__data__", value) : this.node().__data__;
+       }
 
-           function mergeNodes(base, remote, target) {
-               if (_option === 'force_local' || fastDeepEqual(target.nodes, remote.nodes)) {
-                   return target;
-               }
-               if (_option === 'force_remote') {
-                   return target.update({nodes: remote.nodes});
-               }
+       function contextListener(listener) {
+         return function (event) {
+           listener.call(this, event, this.__data__);
+         };
+       }
 
-               var ccount = _conflicts.length;
-               var o = base.nodes || [];
-               var a = target.nodes || [];
-               var b = remote.nodes || [];
-               var nodes = [];
-               var hunks = diff3Merge(a, o, b, { excludeFalseConflicts: true });
+       function parseTypenames(typenames) {
+         return typenames.trim().split(/^|\s+/).map(function (t) {
+           var name = "",
+               i = t.indexOf(".");
+           if (i >= 0) name = t.slice(i + 1), t = t.slice(0, i);
+           return {
+             type: t,
+             name: name
+           };
+         });
+       }
 
-               for (var i = 0; i < hunks.length; i++) {
-                   var hunk = hunks[i];
-                   if (hunk.ok) {
-                       nodes.push.apply(nodes, hunk.ok);
-                   } else {
-                       // for all conflicts, we can assume c.a !== c.b
-                       // because `diff3Merge` called with `true` option to exclude false conflicts..
-                       var c = hunk.conflict;
-                       if (fastDeepEqual(c.o, c.a)) {  // only changed remotely
-                           nodes.push.apply(nodes, c.b);
-                       } else if (fastDeepEqual(c.o, c.b)) {  // only changed locally
-                           nodes.push.apply(nodes, c.a);
-                       } else {       // changed both locally and remotely
-                           _conflicts.push(_t('merge_remote_changes.conflict.nodelist', { user: user(remote.user) }));
-                           break;
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
+       function onRemove(typename) {
+         return function () {
+           var on = this.__on;
+           if (!on) return;
 
-               return (_conflicts.length === ccount) ? target.update({nodes: nodes}) : target;
+           for (var j = 0, i = -1, m = on.length, o; j < m; ++j) {
+             if (o = on[j], (!typename.type || o.type === typename.type) && o.name === typename.name) {
+               this.removeEventListener(o.type, o.listener, o.options);
+             } else {
+               on[++i] = o;
+             }
            }
 
+           if (++i) on.length = i;else delete this.__on;
+         };
+       }
 
-           function mergeChildren(targetWay, children, updates, graph) {
-               function isUsed(node, targetWay) {
-                   var hasInterestingParent = graph.parentWays(node)
-                       .some(function(way) { return way.id !== targetWay.id; });
+       function onAdd(typename, value, options) {
+         return function () {
+           var on = this.__on,
+               o,
+               listener = contextListener(value);
+           if (on) for (var j = 0, m = on.length; j < m; ++j) {
+             if ((o = on[j]).type === typename.type && o.name === typename.name) {
+               this.removeEventListener(o.type, o.listener, o.options);
+               this.addEventListener(o.type, o.listener = listener, o.options = options);
+               o.value = value;
+               return;
+             }
+           }
+           this.addEventListener(typename.type, listener, options);
+           o = {
+             type: typename.type,
+             name: typename.name,
+             value: value,
+             listener: listener,
+             options: options
+           };
+           if (!on) this.__on = [o];else on.push(o);
+         };
+       }
 
-                   return node.hasInterestingTags() ||
-                       hasInterestingParent ||
-                       graph.parentRelations(node).length > 0;
-               }
+       function selection_on (typename, value, options) {
+         var typenames = parseTypenames(typename + ""),
+             i,
+             n = typenames.length,
+             t;
 
-               var ccount = _conflicts.length;
+         if (arguments.length < 2) {
+           var on = this.node().__on;
 
-               for (var i = 0; i < children.length; i++) {
-                   var id = children[i];
-                   var node = graph.hasEntity(id);
+           if (on) for (var j = 0, m = on.length, o; j < m; ++j) {
+             for (i = 0, o = on[j]; i < n; ++i) {
+               if ((t = typenames[i]).type === o.type && t.name === o.name) {
+                 return o.value;
+               }
+             }
+           }
+           return;
+         }
 
-                   // remove unused childNodes..
-                   if (targetWay.nodes.indexOf(id) === -1) {
-                       if (node && !isUsed(node, targetWay)) {
-                           updates.removeIds.push(id);
-                       }
-                       continue;
-                   }
+         on = value ? onAdd : onRemove;
 
-                   // restore used childNodes..
-                   var local = localGraph.hasEntity(id);
-                   var remote = remoteGraph.hasEntity(id);
-                   var target;
+         for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+           this.each(on(typenames[i], value, options));
+         }
 
-                   if (_option === 'force_remote' && remote && remote.visible) {
-                       updates.replacements.push(remote);
+         return this;
+       }
 
-                   } else if (_option === 'force_local' && local) {
-                       target = osmEntity(local);
-                       if (remote) {
-                           target = target.update({ version: remote.version });
-                       }
-                       updates.replacements.push(target);
+       function dispatchEvent(node, type, params) {
+         var window = defaultView(node),
+             event = window.CustomEvent;
 
-                   } else if (_option === 'safe' && local && remote && local.version !== remote.version) {
-                       target = osmEntity(local, { version: remote.version });
-                       if (remote.visible) {
-                           target = mergeLocation(remote, target);
-                       } else {
-                           _conflicts.push(_t('merge_remote_changes.conflict.deleted', { user: user(remote.user) }));
-                       }
+         if (typeof event === "function") {
+           event = new event(type, params);
+         } else {
+           event = window.document.createEvent("Event");
+           if (params) event.initEvent(type, params.bubbles, params.cancelable), event.detail = params.detail;else event.initEvent(type, false, false);
+         }
 
-                       if (_conflicts.length !== ccount) break;
-                       updates.replacements.push(target);
-                   }
-               }
+         node.dispatchEvent(event);
+       }
 
-               return targetWay;
-           }
+       function dispatchConstant(type, params) {
+         return function () {
+           return dispatchEvent(this, type, params);
+         };
+       }
 
+       function dispatchFunction(type, params) {
+         return function () {
+           return dispatchEvent(this, type, params.apply(this, arguments));
+         };
+       }
 
-           function updateChildren(updates, graph) {
-               for (var i = 0; i < updates.replacements.length; i++) {
-                   graph = graph.replace(updates.replacements[i]);
-               }
-               if (updates.removeIds.length) {
-                   graph = actionDeleteMultiple(updates.removeIds)(graph);
-               }
-               return graph;
-           }
+       function selection_dispatch (type, params) {
+         return this.each((typeof params === "function" ? dispatchFunction : dispatchConstant)(type, params));
+       }
 
+       var _marked = /*#__PURE__*/regeneratorRuntime.mark(_callee);
 
-           function mergeMembers(remote, target) {
-               if (_option === 'force_local' || fastDeepEqual(target.members, remote.members)) {
-                   return target;
-               }
-               if (_option === 'force_remote') {
-                   return target.update({members: remote.members});
-               }
+       function _callee() {
+         var groups, j, m, group, i, n, node;
+         return regeneratorRuntime.wrap(function _callee$(_context) {
+           while (1) {
+             switch (_context.prev = _context.next) {
+               case 0:
+                 groups = this._groups, j = 0, m = groups.length;
 
-               _conflicts.push(_t('merge_remote_changes.conflict.memberlist', { user: user(remote.user) }));
-               return target;
-           }
+               case 1:
+                 if (!(j < m)) {
+                   _context.next = 13;
+                   break;
+                 }
 
+                 group = groups[j], i = 0, n = group.length;
 
-           function mergeTags(base, remote, target) {
-               if (_option === 'force_local' || fastDeepEqual(target.tags, remote.tags)) {
-                   return target;
-               }
-               if (_option === 'force_remote') {
-                   return target.update({tags: remote.tags});
-               }
+               case 3:
+                 if (!(i < n)) {
+                   _context.next = 10;
+                   break;
+                 }
 
-               var ccount = _conflicts.length;
-               var o = base.tags || {};
-               var a = target.tags || {};
-               var b = remote.tags || {};
-               var keys = utilArrayUnion(utilArrayUnion(Object.keys(o), Object.keys(a)), Object.keys(b))
-                   .filter(function(k) { return !discardTags[k]; });
-               var tags = Object.assign({}, a);   // shallow copy
-               var changed = false;
+                 if (!(node = group[i])) {
+                   _context.next = 7;
+                   break;
+                 }
 
-               for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
-                   var k = keys[i];
+                 _context.next = 7;
+                 return node;
 
-                   if (o[k] !== b[k] && a[k] !== b[k]) {    // changed remotely..
-                       if (o[k] !== a[k]) {      // changed locally..
-                           _conflicts.push(_t('merge_remote_changes.conflict.tags',
-                               { tag: k, local: a[k], remote: b[k], user: user(remote.user) }));
+               case 7:
+                 ++i;
+                 _context.next = 3;
+                 break;
 
-                       } else {                  // unchanged locally, accept remote change..
-                           if (b.hasOwnProperty(k)) {
-                               tags[k] = b[k];
-                           } else {
-                               delete tags[k];
-                           }
-                           changed = true;
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
+               case 10:
+                 ++j;
+                 _context.next = 1;
+                 break;
 
-               return (changed && _conflicts.length === ccount) ? target.update({tags: tags}) : target;
+               case 13:
+               case "end":
+                 return _context.stop();
+             }
            }
+         }, _marked, this);
+       }
 
+       var root$1 = [null];
+       function Selection$1(groups, parents) {
+         this._groups = groups;
+         this._parents = parents;
+       }
 
-           //  `graph.base()` is the common ancestor of the two graphs.
-           //  `localGraph` contains user's edits up to saving
-           //  `remoteGraph` contains remote edits to modified nodes
-           //  `graph` must be a descendent of `localGraph` and may include
-           //      some conflict resolution actions performed on it.
-           //
-           //                  --- ... --- `localGraph` -- ... -- `graph`
-           //                 /
-           //  `graph.base()` --- ... --- `remoteGraph`
-           //
-           var action = function(graph) {
-               var updates = { replacements: [], removeIds: [] };
-               var base = graph.base().entities[id];
-               var local = localGraph.entity(id);
-               var remote = remoteGraph.entity(id);
-               var target = osmEntity(local, { version: remote.version });
+       function selection() {
+         return new Selection$1([[document.documentElement]], root$1);
+       }
 
-               // delete/undelete
-               if (!remote.visible) {
-                   if (_option === 'force_remote') {
-                       return actionDeleteMultiple([id])(graph);
+       function selection_selection() {
+         return this;
+       }
 
-                   } else if (_option === 'force_local') {
-                       if (target.type === 'way') {
-                           target = mergeChildren(target, utilArrayUniq(local.nodes), updates, graph);
-                           graph = updateChildren(updates, graph);
-                       }
-                       return graph.replace(target);
+       Selection$1.prototype = selection.prototype = _defineProperty({
+         constructor: Selection$1,
+         select: selection_select,
+         selectAll: selection_selectAll,
+         selectChild: selection_selectChild,
+         selectChildren: selection_selectChildren,
+         filter: selection_filter,
+         data: selection_data,
+         enter: selection_enter,
+         exit: selection_exit,
+         join: selection_join,
+         merge: selection_merge,
+         selection: selection_selection,
+         order: selection_order,
+         sort: selection_sort,
+         call: selection_call,
+         nodes: selection_nodes,
+         node: selection_node,
+         size: selection_size,
+         empty: selection_empty,
+         each: selection_each,
+         attr: selection_attr,
+         style: selection_style,
+         property: selection_property,
+         classed: selection_classed,
+         text: selection_text,
+         html: selection_html,
+         raise: selection_raise,
+         lower: selection_lower,
+         append: selection_append,
+         insert: selection_insert,
+         remove: selection_remove,
+         clone: selection_clone,
+         datum: selection_datum,
+         on: selection_on,
+         dispatch: selection_dispatch
+       }, Symbol.iterator, _callee);
 
-                   } else {
-                       _conflicts.push(_t('merge_remote_changes.conflict.deleted', { user: user(remote.user) }));
-                       return graph;  // do nothing
-                   }
-               }
+       function select (selector) {
+         return typeof selector === "string" ? new Selection$1([[document.querySelector(selector)]], [document.documentElement]) : new Selection$1([[selector]], root$1);
+       }
 
-               // merge
-               if (target.type === 'node') {
-                   target = mergeLocation(remote, target);
+       function sourceEvent (event) {
+         var sourceEvent;
 
-               } else if (target.type === 'way') {
-                   // pull in any child nodes that may not be present locally..
-                   graph.rebase(remoteGraph.childNodes(remote), [graph], false);
-                   target = mergeNodes(base, remote, target);
-                   target = mergeChildren(target, utilArrayUnion(local.nodes, remote.nodes), updates, graph);
+         while (sourceEvent = event.sourceEvent) {
+           event = sourceEvent;
+         }
 
-               } else if (target.type === 'relation') {
-                   target = mergeMembers(remote, target);
-               }
+         return event;
+       }
 
-               target = mergeTags(base, remote, target);
+       function pointer (event, node) {
+         event = sourceEvent(event);
+         if (node === undefined) node = event.currentTarget;
 
-               if (!_conflicts.length) {
-                   graph = updateChildren(updates, graph).replace(target);
-               }
+         if (node) {
+           var svg = node.ownerSVGElement || node;
 
-               return graph;
-           };
+           if (svg.createSVGPoint) {
+             var point = svg.createSVGPoint();
+             point.x = event.clientX, point.y = event.clientY;
+             point = point.matrixTransform(node.getScreenCTM().inverse());
+             return [point.x, point.y];
+           }
 
+           if (node.getBoundingClientRect) {
+             var rect = node.getBoundingClientRect();
+             return [event.clientX - rect.left - node.clientLeft, event.clientY - rect.top - node.clientTop];
+           }
+         }
 
-           action.withOption = function(opt) {
-               _option = opt;
-               return action;
-           };
+         return [event.pageX, event.pageY];
+       }
 
+       function selectAll (selector) {
+         return typeof selector === "string" ? new Selection$1([document.querySelectorAll(selector)], [document.documentElement]) : new Selection$1([selector == null ? [] : array(selector)], root$1);
+       }
 
-           action.conflicts = function() {
-               return _conflicts;
-           };
+       function nopropagation$1(event) {
+         event.stopImmediatePropagation();
+       }
+       function noevent$1 (event) {
+         event.preventDefault();
+         event.stopImmediatePropagation();
+       }
 
+       function dragDisable (view) {
+         var root = view.document.documentElement,
+             selection = select(view).on("dragstart.drag", noevent$1, true);
 
-           return action;
+         if ("onselectstart" in root) {
+           selection.on("selectstart.drag", noevent$1, true);
+         } else {
+           root.__noselect = root.style.MozUserSelect;
+           root.style.MozUserSelect = "none";
+         }
        }
+       function yesdrag(view, noclick) {
+         var root = view.document.documentElement,
+             selection = select(view).on("dragstart.drag", null);
 
-       // https://github.com/openstreetmap/josm/blob/mirror/src/org/openstreetmap/josm/command/MoveCommand.java
-       // https://github.com/openstreetmap/potlatch2/blob/master/net/systemeD/halcyon/connection/actions/MoveNodeAction.as
-       function actionMove(moveIDs, tryDelta, projection, cache) {
-           var _delta = tryDelta;
+         if (noclick) {
+           selection.on("click.drag", noevent$1, true);
+           setTimeout(function () {
+             selection.on("click.drag", null);
+           }, 0);
+         }
 
-           function setupCache(graph) {
-               function canMove(nodeID) {
-                   // Allow movement of any node that is in the selectedIDs list..
-                   if (moveIDs.indexOf(nodeID) !== -1) return true;
+         if ("onselectstart" in root) {
+           selection.on("selectstart.drag", null);
+         } else {
+           root.style.MozUserSelect = root.__noselect;
+           delete root.__noselect;
+         }
+       }
 
-                   // Allow movement of a vertex where 2 ways meet..
-                   var parents = graph.parentWays(graph.entity(nodeID));
-                   if (parents.length < 3) return true;
+       var constant$2 = (function (x) {
+         return function () {
+           return x;
+         };
+       });
 
-                   // Restrict movement of a vertex where >2 ways meet, unless all parentWays are moving too..
-                   var parentsMoving = parents.every(function(way) { return cache.moving[way.id]; });
-                   if (!parentsMoving) delete cache.moving[nodeID];
+       function DragEvent(type, _ref) {
+         var sourceEvent = _ref.sourceEvent,
+             subject = _ref.subject,
+             target = _ref.target,
+             identifier = _ref.identifier,
+             active = _ref.active,
+             x = _ref.x,
+             y = _ref.y,
+             dx = _ref.dx,
+             dy = _ref.dy,
+             dispatch = _ref.dispatch;
+         Object.defineProperties(this, {
+           type: {
+             value: type,
+             enumerable: true,
+             configurable: true
+           },
+           sourceEvent: {
+             value: sourceEvent,
+             enumerable: true,
+             configurable: true
+           },
+           subject: {
+             value: subject,
+             enumerable: true,
+             configurable: true
+           },
+           target: {
+             value: target,
+             enumerable: true,
+             configurable: true
+           },
+           identifier: {
+             value: identifier,
+             enumerable: true,
+             configurable: true
+           },
+           active: {
+             value: active,
+             enumerable: true,
+             configurable: true
+           },
+           x: {
+             value: x,
+             enumerable: true,
+             configurable: true
+           },
+           y: {
+             value: y,
+             enumerable: true,
+             configurable: true
+           },
+           dx: {
+             value: dx,
+             enumerable: true,
+             configurable: true
+           },
+           dy: {
+             value: dy,
+             enumerable: true,
+             configurable: true
+           },
+           _: {
+             value: dispatch
+           }
+         });
+       }
 
-                   return parentsMoving;
-               }
+       DragEvent.prototype.on = function () {
+         var value = this._.on.apply(this._, arguments);
 
-               function cacheEntities(ids) {
-                   for (var i = 0; i < ids.length; i++) {
-                       var id = ids[i];
-                       if (cache.moving[id]) continue;
-                       cache.moving[id] = true;
+         return value === this._ ? this : value;
+       };
 
-                       var entity = graph.hasEntity(id);
-                       if (!entity) continue;
+       function defaultFilter$2(event) {
+         return !event.ctrlKey && !event.button;
+       }
 
-                       if (entity.type === 'node') {
-                           cache.nodes.push(id);
-                           cache.startLoc[id] = entity.loc;
-                       } else if (entity.type === 'way') {
-                           cache.ways.push(id);
-                           cacheEntities(entity.nodes);
-                       } else {
-                           cacheEntities(entity.members.map(function(member) {
-                               return member.id;
-                           }));
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
+       function defaultContainer() {
+         return this.parentNode;
+       }
 
-               function cacheIntersections(ids) {
-                   function isEndpoint(way, id) {
-                       return !way.isClosed() && !!way.affix(id);
-                   }
+       function defaultSubject(event, d) {
+         return d == null ? {
+           x: event.x,
+           y: event.y
+         } : d;
+       }
 
-                   for (var i = 0; i < ids.length; i++) {
-                       var id = ids[i];
-
-                       // consider only intersections with 1 moved and 1 unmoved way.
-                       var childNodes = graph.childNodes(graph.entity(id));
-                       for (var j = 0; j < childNodes.length; j++) {
-                           var node = childNodes[j];
-                           var parents = graph.parentWays(node);
-                           if (parents.length !== 2) continue;
-
-                           var moved = graph.entity(id);
-                           var unmoved = null;
-                           for (var k = 0; k < parents.length; k++) {
-                               var way = parents[k];
-                               if (!cache.moving[way.id]) {
-                                   unmoved = way;
-                                   break;
-                               }
-                           }
-                           if (!unmoved) continue;
-
-                           // exclude ways that are overly connected..
-                           if (utilArrayIntersection(moved.nodes, unmoved.nodes).length > 2) continue;
-                           if (moved.isArea() || unmoved.isArea()) continue;
-
-                           cache.intersections.push({
-                               nodeId: node.id,
-                               movedId: moved.id,
-                               unmovedId: unmoved.id,
-                               movedIsEP: isEndpoint(moved, node.id),
-                               unmovedIsEP: isEndpoint(unmoved, node.id)
-                           });
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
+       function defaultTouchable$1() {
+         return navigator.maxTouchPoints || "ontouchstart" in this;
+       }
 
+       function d3_drag () {
+         var filter = defaultFilter$2,
+             container = defaultContainer,
+             subject = defaultSubject,
+             touchable = defaultTouchable$1,
+             gestures = {},
+             listeners = dispatch$8("start", "drag", "end"),
+             active = 0,
+             mousedownx,
+             mousedowny,
+             mousemoving,
+             touchending,
+             clickDistance2 = 0;
 
-               if (!cache) {
-                   cache = {};
-               }
-               if (!cache.ok) {
-                   cache.moving = {};
-                   cache.intersections = [];
-                   cache.replacedVertex = {};
-                   cache.startLoc = {};
-                   cache.nodes = [];
-                   cache.ways = [];
+         function drag(selection) {
+           selection.on("mousedown.drag", mousedowned).filter(touchable).on("touchstart.drag", touchstarted).on("touchmove.drag", touchmoved).on("touchend.drag touchcancel.drag", touchended).style("touch-action", "none").style("-webkit-tap-highlight-color", "rgba(0,0,0,0)");
+         }
+
+         function mousedowned(event, d) {
+           if (touchending || !filter.call(this, event, d)) return;
+           var gesture = beforestart(this, container.call(this, event, d), event, d, "mouse");
+           if (!gesture) return;
+           select(event.view).on("mousemove.drag", mousemoved, true).on("mouseup.drag", mouseupped, true);
+           dragDisable(event.view);
+           nopropagation$1(event);
+           mousemoving = false;
+           mousedownx = event.clientX;
+           mousedowny = event.clientY;
+           gesture("start", event);
+         }
 
-                   cacheEntities(moveIDs);
-                   cacheIntersections(cache.ways);
-                   cache.nodes = cache.nodes.filter(canMove);
+         function mousemoved(event) {
+           noevent$1(event);
 
-                   cache.ok = true;
-               }
+           if (!mousemoving) {
+             var dx = event.clientX - mousedownx,
+                 dy = event.clientY - mousedowny;
+             mousemoving = dx * dx + dy * dy > clickDistance2;
            }
 
+           gestures.mouse("drag", event);
+         }
 
-           // Place a vertex where the moved vertex used to be, to preserve way shape..
-           //
-           //  Start:
-           //      b ---- e
-           //     / \
-           //    /   \
-           //   /     \
-           //  a       c
-           //
-           //      *               node '*' added to preserve shape
-           //     / \
-           //    /   b ---- e      way `b,e` moved here:
-           //   /     \
-           //  a       c
-           //
-           //
-           function replaceMovedVertex(nodeId, wayId, graph, delta) {
-               var way = graph.entity(wayId);
-               var moved = graph.entity(nodeId);
-               var movedIndex = way.nodes.indexOf(nodeId);
-               var len, prevIndex, nextIndex;
-
-               if (way.isClosed()) {
-                   len = way.nodes.length - 1;
-                   prevIndex = (movedIndex + len - 1) % len;
-                   nextIndex = (movedIndex + len + 1) % len;
-               } else {
-                   len = way.nodes.length;
-                   prevIndex = movedIndex - 1;
-                   nextIndex = movedIndex + 1;
-               }
+         function mouseupped(event) {
+           select(event.view).on("mousemove.drag mouseup.drag", null);
+           yesdrag(event.view, mousemoving);
+           noevent$1(event);
+           gestures.mouse("end", event);
+         }
 
-               var prev = graph.hasEntity(way.nodes[prevIndex]);
-               var next = graph.hasEntity(way.nodes[nextIndex]);
+         function touchstarted(event, d) {
+           if (!filter.call(this, event, d)) return;
+           var touches = event.changedTouches,
+               c = container.call(this, event, d),
+               n = touches.length,
+               i,
+               gesture;
 
-               // Don't add orig vertex at endpoint..
-               if (!prev || !next) return graph;
+           for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+             if (gesture = beforestart(this, c, event, d, touches[i].identifier, touches[i])) {
+               nopropagation$1(event);
+               gesture("start", event, touches[i]);
+             }
+           }
+         }
 
-               var key = wayId + '_' + nodeId;
-               var orig = cache.replacedVertex[key];
-               if (!orig) {
-                   orig = osmNode();
-                   cache.replacedVertex[key] = orig;
-                   cache.startLoc[orig.id] = cache.startLoc[nodeId];
-               }
+         function touchmoved(event) {
+           var touches = event.changedTouches,
+               n = touches.length,
+               i,
+               gesture;
 
-               var start, end;
-               if (delta) {
-                   start = projection(cache.startLoc[nodeId]);
-                   end = projection.invert(geoVecAdd(start, delta));
-               } else {
-                   end = cache.startLoc[nodeId];
-               }
-               orig = orig.move(end);
+           for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+             if (gesture = gestures[touches[i].identifier]) {
+               noevent$1(event);
+               gesture("drag", event, touches[i]);
+             }
+           }
+         }
 
-               var angle = Math.abs(geoAngle(orig, prev, projection) -
-                       geoAngle(orig, next, projection)) * 180 / Math.PI;
+         function touchended(event) {
+           var touches = event.changedTouches,
+               n = touches.length,
+               i,
+               gesture;
+           if (touchending) clearTimeout(touchending);
+           touchending = setTimeout(function () {
+             touchending = null;
+           }, 500); // Ghost clicks are delayed!
 
-               // Don't add orig vertex if it would just make a straight line..
-               if (angle > 175 && angle < 185) return graph;
+           for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+             if (gesture = gestures[touches[i].identifier]) {
+               nopropagation$1(event);
+               gesture("end", event, touches[i]);
+             }
+           }
+         }
+
+         function beforestart(that, container, event, d, identifier, touch) {
+           var dispatch = listeners.copy(),
+               p = pointer(touch || event, container),
+               dx,
+               dy,
+               s;
+           if ((s = subject.call(that, new DragEvent("beforestart", {
+             sourceEvent: event,
+             target: drag,
+             identifier: identifier,
+             active: active,
+             x: p[0],
+             y: p[1],
+             dx: 0,
+             dy: 0,
+             dispatch: dispatch
+           }), d)) == null) return;
+           dx = s.x - p[0] || 0;
+           dy = s.y - p[1] || 0;
+           return function gesture(type, event, touch) {
+             var p0 = p,
+                 n;
 
-               // moving forward or backward along way?
-               var p1 = [prev.loc, orig.loc, moved.loc, next.loc].map(projection);
-               var p2 = [prev.loc, moved.loc, orig.loc, next.loc].map(projection);
-               var d1 = geoPathLength(p1);
-               var d2 = geoPathLength(p2);
-               var insertAt = (d1 <= d2) ? movedIndex : nextIndex;
+             switch (type) {
+               case "start":
+                 gestures[identifier] = gesture, n = active++;
+                 break;
 
-               // moving around closed loop?
-               if (way.isClosed() && insertAt === 0) insertAt = len;
+               case "end":
+                 delete gestures[identifier], --active;
+               // nobreak
 
-               way = way.addNode(orig.id, insertAt);
-               return graph.replace(orig).replace(way);
-           }
+               case "drag":
+                 p = pointer(touch || event, container), n = active;
+                 break;
+             }
 
+             dispatch.call(type, that, new DragEvent(type, {
+               sourceEvent: event,
+               subject: s,
+               target: drag,
+               identifier: identifier,
+               active: n,
+               x: p[0] + dx,
+               y: p[1] + dy,
+               dx: p[0] - p0[0],
+               dy: p[1] - p0[1],
+               dispatch: dispatch
+             }), d);
+           };
+         }
 
-           // Remove duplicate vertex that might have been added by
-           // replaceMovedVertex.  This is done after the unzorro checks.
-           function removeDuplicateVertices(wayId, graph) {
-               var way = graph.entity(wayId);
-               var epsilon = 1e-6;
-               var prev, curr;
+         drag.filter = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (filter = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$2(!!_), drag) : filter;
+         };
 
-               function isInteresting(node, graph) {
-                   return graph.parentWays(node).length > 1 ||
-                       graph.parentRelations(node).length ||
-                       node.hasInterestingTags();
-               }
+         drag.container = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (container = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$2(_), drag) : container;
+         };
 
-               for (var i = 0; i < way.nodes.length; i++) {
-                   curr = graph.entity(way.nodes[i]);
+         drag.subject = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (subject = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$2(_), drag) : subject;
+         };
 
-                   if (prev && curr && geoVecEqual(prev.loc, curr.loc, epsilon)) {
-                       if (!isInteresting(prev, graph)) {
-                           way = way.removeNode(prev.id);
-                           graph = graph.replace(way).remove(prev);
-                       } else if (!isInteresting(curr, graph)) {
-                           way = way.removeNode(curr.id);
-                           graph = graph.replace(way).remove(curr);
-                       }
-                   }
+         drag.touchable = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (touchable = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$2(!!_), drag) : touchable;
+         };
 
-                   prev = curr;
-               }
+         drag.on = function () {
+           var value = listeners.on.apply(listeners, arguments);
+           return value === listeners ? drag : value;
+         };
 
-               return graph;
-           }
+         drag.clickDistance = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (clickDistance2 = (_ = +_) * _, drag) : Math.sqrt(clickDistance2);
+         };
 
+         return drag;
+       }
 
-           // Reorder nodes around intersections that have moved..
-           //
-           //  Start:                way1.nodes: b,e         (moving)
-           //  a - b - c ----- d     way2.nodes: a,b,c,d     (static)
-           //      |                 vertex: b
-           //      e                 isEP1: true,  isEP2, false
-           //
-           //  way1 `b,e` moved here:
-           //  a ----- c = b - d
-           //              |
-           //              e
-           //
-           //  reorder nodes         way1.nodes: b,e
-           //  a ----- c - b - d     way2.nodes: a,c,b,d
-           //              |
-           //              e
-           //
-           function unZorroIntersection(intersection, graph) {
-               var vertex = graph.entity(intersection.nodeId);
-               var way1 = graph.entity(intersection.movedId);
-               var way2 = graph.entity(intersection.unmovedId);
-               var isEP1 = intersection.movedIsEP;
-               var isEP2 = intersection.unmovedIsEP;
-
-               // don't move the vertex if it is the endpoint of both ways.
-               if (isEP1 && isEP2) return graph;
-
-               var nodes1 = graph.childNodes(way1).filter(function(n) { return n !== vertex; });
-               var nodes2 = graph.childNodes(way2).filter(function(n) { return n !== vertex; });
-
-               if (way1.isClosed() && way1.first() === vertex.id) nodes1.push(nodes1[0]);
-               if (way2.isClosed() && way2.first() === vertex.id) nodes2.push(nodes2[0]);
-
-               var edge1 = !isEP1 && geoChooseEdge(nodes1, projection(vertex.loc), projection);
-               var edge2 = !isEP2 && geoChooseEdge(nodes2, projection(vertex.loc), projection);
-               var loc;
-
-               // snap vertex to nearest edge (or some point between them)..
-               if (!isEP1 && !isEP2) {
-                   var epsilon = 1e-6, maxIter = 10;
-                   for (var i = 0; i < maxIter; i++) {
-                       loc = geoVecInterp(edge1.loc, edge2.loc, 0.5);
-                       edge1 = geoChooseEdge(nodes1, projection(loc), projection);
-                       edge2 = geoChooseEdge(nodes2, projection(loc), projection);
-                       if (Math.abs(edge1.distance - edge2.distance) < epsilon) break;
-                   }
-               } else if (!isEP1) {
-                   loc = edge1.loc;
-               } else {
-                   loc = edge2.loc;
-               }
+       var defineProperty$1 = objectDefineProperty.f;
+       var getOwnPropertyNames$1 = objectGetOwnPropertyNames.f;
 
-               graph = graph.replace(vertex.move(loc));
 
-               // if zorro happened, reorder nodes..
-               if (!isEP1 && edge1.index !== way1.nodes.indexOf(vertex.id)) {
-                   way1 = way1.removeNode(vertex.id).addNode(vertex.id, edge1.index);
-                   graph = graph.replace(way1);
-               }
-               if (!isEP2 && edge2.index !== way2.nodes.indexOf(vertex.id)) {
-                   way2 = way2.removeNode(vertex.id).addNode(vertex.id, edge2.index);
-                   graph = graph.replace(way2);
-               }
 
-               return graph;
-           }
 
 
-           function cleanupIntersections(graph) {
-               for (var i = 0; i < cache.intersections.length; i++) {
-                   var obj = cache.intersections[i];
-                   graph = replaceMovedVertex(obj.nodeId, obj.movedId, graph, _delta);
-                   graph = replaceMovedVertex(obj.nodeId, obj.unmovedId, graph, null);
-                   graph = unZorroIntersection(obj, graph);
-                   graph = removeDuplicateVertices(obj.movedId, graph);
-                   graph = removeDuplicateVertices(obj.unmovedId, graph);
-               }
 
-               return graph;
-           }
+       var enforceInternalState = internalState.enforce;
 
 
-           // check if moving way endpoint can cross an unmoved way, if so limit delta..
-           function limitDelta(graph) {
-               function moveNode(loc) {
-                   return geoVecAdd(projection(loc), _delta);
-               }
 
-               for (var i = 0; i < cache.intersections.length; i++) {
-                   var obj = cache.intersections[i];
 
-                   // Don't limit movement if this is vertex joins 2 endpoints..
-                   if (obj.movedIsEP && obj.unmovedIsEP) continue;
-                   // Don't limit movement if this vertex is not an endpoint anyway..
-                   if (!obj.movedIsEP) continue;
 
-                   var node = graph.entity(obj.nodeId);
-                   var start = projection(node.loc);
-                   var end = geoVecAdd(start, _delta);
-                   var movedNodes = graph.childNodes(graph.entity(obj.movedId));
-                   var movedPath = movedNodes.map(function(n) { return moveNode(n.loc); });
-                   var unmovedNodes = graph.childNodes(graph.entity(obj.unmovedId));
-                   var unmovedPath = unmovedNodes.map(function(n) { return projection(n.loc); });
-                   var hits = geoPathIntersections(movedPath, unmovedPath);
+       var MATCH$1 = wellKnownSymbol('match');
+       var NativeRegExp = global$2.RegExp;
+       var RegExpPrototype = NativeRegExp.prototype;
+       // TODO: Use only propper RegExpIdentifierName
+       var IS_NCG = /^\?<[^\s\d!#%&*+<=>@^][^\s!#%&*+<=>@^]*>/;
+       var re1 = /a/g;
+       var re2 = /a/g;
 
-                   for (var j = 0; i < hits.length; i++) {
-                       if (geoVecEqual(hits[j], end)) continue;
-                       var edge = geoChooseEdge(unmovedNodes, end, projection);
-                       _delta = geoVecSubtract(projection(edge.loc), start);
-                   }
-               }
-           }
+       // "new" should create a new object, old webkit bug
+       var CORRECT_NEW = new NativeRegExp(re1) !== re1;
 
+       var UNSUPPORTED_Y = regexpStickyHelpers.UNSUPPORTED_Y;
 
-           var action = function(graph) {
-               if (_delta[0] === 0 && _delta[1] === 0) return graph;
+       var BASE_FORCED = descriptors &&
+         (!CORRECT_NEW || UNSUPPORTED_Y || regexpUnsupportedDotAll || regexpUnsupportedNcg || fails(function () {
+           re2[MATCH$1] = false;
+           // RegExp constructor can alter flags and IsRegExp works correct with @@match
+           return NativeRegExp(re1) != re1 || NativeRegExp(re2) == re2 || NativeRegExp(re1, 'i') != '/a/i';
+         }));
 
-               setupCache(graph);
+       var handleDotAll = function (string) {
+         var length = string.length;
+         var index = 0;
+         var result = '';
+         var brackets = false;
+         var chr;
+         for (; index <= length; index++) {
+           chr = string.charAt(index);
+           if (chr === '\\') {
+             result += chr + string.charAt(++index);
+             continue;
+           }
+           if (!brackets && chr === '.') {
+             result += '[\\s\\S]';
+           } else {
+             if (chr === '[') {
+               brackets = true;
+             } else if (chr === ']') {
+               brackets = false;
+             } result += chr;
+           }
+         } return result;
+       };
 
-               if (cache.intersections.length) {
-                   limitDelta(graph);
+       var handleNCG = function (string) {
+         var length = string.length;
+         var index = 0;
+         var result = '';
+         var named = [];
+         var names = {};
+         var brackets = false;
+         var ncg = false;
+         var groupid = 0;
+         var groupname = '';
+         var chr;
+         for (; index <= length; index++) {
+           chr = string.charAt(index);
+           if (chr === '\\') {
+             chr = chr + string.charAt(++index);
+           } else if (chr === ']') {
+             brackets = false;
+           } else if (!brackets) switch (true) {
+             case chr === '[':
+               brackets = true;
+               break;
+             case chr === '(':
+               if (IS_NCG.test(string.slice(index + 1))) {
+                 index += 2;
+                 ncg = true;
                }
+               result += chr;
+               groupid++;
+               continue;
+             case chr === '>' && ncg:
+               if (groupname === '' || has$1(names, groupname)) {
+                 throw new SyntaxError('Invalid capture group name');
+               }
+               names[groupname] = true;
+               named.push([groupname, groupid]);
+               ncg = false;
+               groupname = '';
+               continue;
+           }
+           if (ncg) groupname += chr;
+           else result += chr;
+         } return [result, named];
+       };
 
-               for (var i = 0; i < cache.nodes.length; i++) {
-                   var node = graph.entity(cache.nodes[i]);
-                   var start = projection(node.loc);
-                   var end = geoVecAdd(start, _delta);
-                   graph = graph.replace(node.move(projection.invert(end)));
-               }
+       // `RegExp` constructor
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-regexp-constructor
+       if (isForced_1('RegExp', BASE_FORCED)) {
+         var RegExpWrapper = function RegExp(pattern, flags) {
+           var thisIsRegExp = this instanceof RegExpWrapper;
+           var patternIsRegExp = isRegexp(pattern);
+           var flagsAreUndefined = flags === undefined;
+           var groups = [];
+           var rawPattern = pattern;
+           var rawFlags, dotAll, sticky, handled, result, state;
 
-               if (cache.intersections.length) {
-                   graph = cleanupIntersections(graph);
-               }
+           if (!thisIsRegExp && patternIsRegExp && flagsAreUndefined && pattern.constructor === RegExpWrapper) {
+             return pattern;
+           }
 
-               return graph;
-           };
+           if (patternIsRegExp || pattern instanceof RegExpWrapper) {
+             pattern = pattern.source;
+             if (flagsAreUndefined) flags = 'flags' in rawPattern ? rawPattern.flags : regexpFlags.call(rawPattern);
+           }
 
+           pattern = pattern === undefined ? '' : String(pattern);
+           flags = flags === undefined ? '' : String(flags);
+           rawPattern = pattern;
 
-           action.delta = function() {
-               return _delta;
-           };
+           if (regexpUnsupportedDotAll && 'dotAll' in re1) {
+             dotAll = !!flags && flags.indexOf('s') > -1;
+             if (dotAll) flags = flags.replace(/s/g, '');
+           }
 
+           rawFlags = flags;
 
-           return action;
-       }
+           if (UNSUPPORTED_Y && 'sticky' in re1) {
+             sticky = !!flags && flags.indexOf('y') > -1;
+             if (sticky) flags = flags.replace(/y/g, '');
+           }
 
-       function actionMoveMember(relationId, fromIndex, toIndex) {
-           return function(graph) {
-               return graph.replace(graph.entity(relationId).moveMember(fromIndex, toIndex));
-           };
-       }
+           if (regexpUnsupportedNcg) {
+             handled = handleNCG(pattern);
+             pattern = handled[0];
+             groups = handled[1];
+           }
 
-       function actionMoveNode(nodeID, toLoc) {
+           result = inheritIfRequired(NativeRegExp(pattern, flags), thisIsRegExp ? this : RegExpPrototype, RegExpWrapper);
 
-           var action = function(graph, t) {
-               if (t === null || !isFinite(t)) t = 1;
-               t = Math.min(Math.max(+t, 0), 1);
+           if (dotAll || sticky || groups.length) {
+             state = enforceInternalState(result);
+             if (dotAll) {
+               state.dotAll = true;
+               state.raw = RegExpWrapper(handleDotAll(pattern), rawFlags);
+             }
+             if (sticky) state.sticky = true;
+             if (groups.length) state.groups = groups;
+           }
 
-               var node = graph.entity(nodeID);
-               return graph.replace(
-                   node.move(geoVecInterp(node.loc, toLoc, t))
-               );
-           };
+           if (pattern !== rawPattern) try {
+             // fails in old engines, but we have no alternatives for unsupported regex syntax
+             createNonEnumerableProperty(result, 'source', rawPattern === '' ? '(?:)' : rawPattern);
+           } catch (error) { /* empty */ }
 
-           action.transitionable = true;
+           return result;
+         };
 
-           return action;
-       }
+         var proxy = function (key) {
+           key in RegExpWrapper || defineProperty$1(RegExpWrapper, key, {
+             configurable: true,
+             get: function () { return NativeRegExp[key]; },
+             set: function (it) { NativeRegExp[key] = it; }
+           });
+         };
 
-       function actionNoop() {
-           return function(graph) {
-               return graph;
-           };
-       }
+         for (var keys$1 = getOwnPropertyNames$1(NativeRegExp), index$1 = 0; keys$1.length > index$1;) {
+           proxy(keys$1[index$1++]);
+         }
 
-       function actionOrthogonalize(wayID, projection, vertexID, degThresh, ep) {
-           var epsilon = ep || 1e-4;
-           var threshold = degThresh || 13;  // degrees within right or straight to alter
+         RegExpPrototype.constructor = RegExpWrapper;
+         RegExpWrapper.prototype = RegExpPrototype;
+         redefine(global$2, 'RegExp', RegExpWrapper);
+       }
 
-           // We test normalized dot products so we can compare as cos(angle)
-           var lowerThreshold = Math.cos((90 - threshold) * Math.PI / 180);
-           var upperThreshold = Math.cos(threshold * Math.PI / 180);
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-get-regexp-@@species
+       setSpecies('RegExp');
 
+       function define (constructor, factory, prototype) {
+         constructor.prototype = factory.prototype = prototype;
+         prototype.constructor = constructor;
+       }
+       function extend$3(parent, definition) {
+         var prototype = Object.create(parent.prototype);
 
-           var action = function(graph, t) {
-               if (t === null || !isFinite(t)) t = 1;
-               t = Math.min(Math.max(+t, 0), 1);
+         for (var key in definition) {
+           prototype[key] = definition[key];
+         }
 
-               var way = graph.entity(wayID);
-               way = way.removeNode('');   // sanity check - remove any consecutive duplicates
+         return prototype;
+       }
 
-               if (way.tags.nonsquare) {
-                   var tags = Object.assign({}, way.tags);
-                   // since we're squaring, remove indication that this is physically unsquare
-                   delete tags.nonsquare;
-                   way = way.update({tags: tags});
-               }
+       function Color() {}
+       var _darker = 0.7;
 
-               graph = graph.replace(way);
+       var _brighter = 1 / _darker;
+       var reI = "\\s*([+-]?\\d+)\\s*",
+           reN = "\\s*([+-]?\\d*\\.?\\d+(?:[eE][+-]?\\d+)?)\\s*",
+           reP = "\\s*([+-]?\\d*\\.?\\d+(?:[eE][+-]?\\d+)?)%\\s*",
+           reHex = /^#([0-9a-f]{3,8})$/,
+           reRgbInteger = new RegExp("^rgb\\(" + [reI, reI, reI] + "\\)$"),
+           reRgbPercent = new RegExp("^rgb\\(" + [reP, reP, reP] + "\\)$"),
+           reRgbaInteger = new RegExp("^rgba\\(" + [reI, reI, reI, reN] + "\\)$"),
+           reRgbaPercent = new RegExp("^rgba\\(" + [reP, reP, reP, reN] + "\\)$"),
+           reHslPercent = new RegExp("^hsl\\(" + [reN, reP, reP] + "\\)$"),
+           reHslaPercent = new RegExp("^hsla\\(" + [reN, reP, reP, reN] + "\\)$");
+       var named = {
+         aliceblue: 0xf0f8ff,
+         antiquewhite: 0xfaebd7,
+         aqua: 0x00ffff,
+         aquamarine: 0x7fffd4,
+         azure: 0xf0ffff,
+         beige: 0xf5f5dc,
+         bisque: 0xffe4c4,
+         black: 0x000000,
+         blanchedalmond: 0xffebcd,
+         blue: 0x0000ff,
+         blueviolet: 0x8a2be2,
+         brown: 0xa52a2a,
+         burlywood: 0xdeb887,
+         cadetblue: 0x5f9ea0,
+         chartreuse: 0x7fff00,
+         chocolate: 0xd2691e,
+         coral: 0xff7f50,
+         cornflowerblue: 0x6495ed,
+         cornsilk: 0xfff8dc,
+         crimson: 0xdc143c,
+         cyan: 0x00ffff,
+         darkblue: 0x00008b,
+         darkcyan: 0x008b8b,
+         darkgoldenrod: 0xb8860b,
+         darkgray: 0xa9a9a9,
+         darkgreen: 0x006400,
+         darkgrey: 0xa9a9a9,
+         darkkhaki: 0xbdb76b,
+         darkmagenta: 0x8b008b,
+         darkolivegreen: 0x556b2f,
+         darkorange: 0xff8c00,
+         darkorchid: 0x9932cc,
+         darkred: 0x8b0000,
+         darksalmon: 0xe9967a,
+         darkseagreen: 0x8fbc8f,
+         darkslateblue: 0x483d8b,
+         darkslategray: 0x2f4f4f,
+         darkslategrey: 0x2f4f4f,
+         darkturquoise: 0x00ced1,
+         darkviolet: 0x9400d3,
+         deeppink: 0xff1493,
+         deepskyblue: 0x00bfff,
+         dimgray: 0x696969,
+         dimgrey: 0x696969,
+         dodgerblue: 0x1e90ff,
+         firebrick: 0xb22222,
+         floralwhite: 0xfffaf0,
+         forestgreen: 0x228b22,
+         fuchsia: 0xff00ff,
+         gainsboro: 0xdcdcdc,
+         ghostwhite: 0xf8f8ff,
+         gold: 0xffd700,
+         goldenrod: 0xdaa520,
+         gray: 0x808080,
+         green: 0x008000,
+         greenyellow: 0xadff2f,
+         grey: 0x808080,
+         honeydew: 0xf0fff0,
+         hotpink: 0xff69b4,
+         indianred: 0xcd5c5c,
+         indigo: 0x4b0082,
+         ivory: 0xfffff0,
+         khaki: 0xf0e68c,
+         lavender: 0xe6e6fa,
+         lavenderblush: 0xfff0f5,
+         lawngreen: 0x7cfc00,
+         lemonchiffon: 0xfffacd,
+         lightblue: 0xadd8e6,
+         lightcoral: 0xf08080,
+         lightcyan: 0xe0ffff,
+         lightgoldenrodyellow: 0xfafad2,
+         lightgray: 0xd3d3d3,
+         lightgreen: 0x90ee90,
+         lightgrey: 0xd3d3d3,
+         lightpink: 0xffb6c1,
+         lightsalmon: 0xffa07a,
+         lightseagreen: 0x20b2aa,
+         lightskyblue: 0x87cefa,
+         lightslategray: 0x778899,
+         lightslategrey: 0x778899,
+         lightsteelblue: 0xb0c4de,
+         lightyellow: 0xffffe0,
+         lime: 0x00ff00,
+         limegreen: 0x32cd32,
+         linen: 0xfaf0e6,
+         magenta: 0xff00ff,
+         maroon: 0x800000,
+         mediumaquamarine: 0x66cdaa,
+         mediumblue: 0x0000cd,
+         mediumorchid: 0xba55d3,
+         mediumpurple: 0x9370db,
+         mediumseagreen: 0x3cb371,
+         mediumslateblue: 0x7b68ee,
+         mediumspringgreen: 0x00fa9a,
+         mediumturquoise: 0x48d1cc,
+         mediumvioletred: 0xc71585,
+         midnightblue: 0x191970,
+         mintcream: 0xf5fffa,
+         mistyrose: 0xffe4e1,
+         moccasin: 0xffe4b5,
+         navajowhite: 0xffdead,
+         navy: 0x000080,
+         oldlace: 0xfdf5e6,
+         olive: 0x808000,
+         olivedrab: 0x6b8e23,
+         orange: 0xffa500,
+         orangered: 0xff4500,
+         orchid: 0xda70d6,
+         palegoldenrod: 0xeee8aa,
+         palegreen: 0x98fb98,
+         paleturquoise: 0xafeeee,
+         palevioletred: 0xdb7093,
+         papayawhip: 0xffefd5,
+         peachpuff: 0xffdab9,
+         peru: 0xcd853f,
+         pink: 0xffc0cb,
+         plum: 0xdda0dd,
+         powderblue: 0xb0e0e6,
+         purple: 0x800080,
+         rebeccapurple: 0x663399,
+         red: 0xff0000,
+         rosybrown: 0xbc8f8f,
+         royalblue: 0x4169e1,
+         saddlebrown: 0x8b4513,
+         salmon: 0xfa8072,
+         sandybrown: 0xf4a460,
+         seagreen: 0x2e8b57,
+         seashell: 0xfff5ee,
+         sienna: 0xa0522d,
+         silver: 0xc0c0c0,
+         skyblue: 0x87ceeb,
+         slateblue: 0x6a5acd,
+         slategray: 0x708090,
+         slategrey: 0x708090,
+         snow: 0xfffafa,
+         springgreen: 0x00ff7f,
+         steelblue: 0x4682b4,
+         tan: 0xd2b48c,
+         teal: 0x008080,
+         thistle: 0xd8bfd8,
+         tomato: 0xff6347,
+         turquoise: 0x40e0d0,
+         violet: 0xee82ee,
+         wheat: 0xf5deb3,
+         white: 0xffffff,
+         whitesmoke: 0xf5f5f5,
+         yellow: 0xffff00,
+         yellowgreen: 0x9acd32
+       };
+       define(Color, color, {
+         copy: function copy(channels) {
+           return Object.assign(new this.constructor(), this, channels);
+         },
+         displayable: function displayable() {
+           return this.rgb().displayable();
+         },
+         hex: color_formatHex,
+         // Deprecated! Use color.formatHex.
+         formatHex: color_formatHex,
+         formatHsl: color_formatHsl,
+         formatRgb: color_formatRgb,
+         toString: color_formatRgb
+       });
 
-               var isClosed = way.isClosed();
-               var nodes = graph.childNodes(way).slice();  // shallow copy
-               if (isClosed) nodes.pop();
+       function color_formatHex() {
+         return this.rgb().formatHex();
+       }
 
-               if (vertexID !== undefined) {
-                   nodes = nodeSubset(nodes, vertexID, isClosed);
-                   if (nodes.length !== 3) return graph;
-               }
+       function color_formatHsl() {
+         return hslConvert(this).formatHsl();
+       }
 
-               // note: all geometry functions here use the unclosed node/point/coord list
+       function color_formatRgb() {
+         return this.rgb().formatRgb();
+       }
 
-               var nodeCount = {};
-               var points = [];
-               var corner = { i: 0, dotp: 1 };
-               var node, point, loc, score, motions, i, j;
+       function color(format) {
+         var m, l;
+         format = (format + "").trim().toLowerCase();
+         return (m = reHex.exec(format)) ? (l = m[1].length, m = parseInt(m[1], 16), l === 6 ? rgbn(m) // #ff0000
+         : l === 3 ? new Rgb(m >> 8 & 0xf | m >> 4 & 0xf0, m >> 4 & 0xf | m & 0xf0, (m & 0xf) << 4 | m & 0xf, 1) // #f00
+         : l === 8 ? rgba(m >> 24 & 0xff, m >> 16 & 0xff, m >> 8 & 0xff, (m & 0xff) / 0xff) // #ff000000
+         : l === 4 ? rgba(m >> 12 & 0xf | m >> 8 & 0xf0, m >> 8 & 0xf | m >> 4 & 0xf0, m >> 4 & 0xf | m & 0xf0, ((m & 0xf) << 4 | m & 0xf) / 0xff) // #f000
+         : null // invalid hex
+         ) : (m = reRgbInteger.exec(format)) ? new Rgb(m[1], m[2], m[3], 1) // rgb(255, 0, 0)
+         : (m = reRgbPercent.exec(format)) ? new Rgb(m[1] * 255 / 100, m[2] * 255 / 100, m[3] * 255 / 100, 1) // rgb(100%, 0%, 0%)
+         : (m = reRgbaInteger.exec(format)) ? rgba(m[1], m[2], m[3], m[4]) // rgba(255, 0, 0, 1)
+         : (m = reRgbaPercent.exec(format)) ? rgba(m[1] * 255 / 100, m[2] * 255 / 100, m[3] * 255 / 100, m[4]) // rgb(100%, 0%, 0%, 1)
+         : (m = reHslPercent.exec(format)) ? hsla(m[1], m[2] / 100, m[3] / 100, 1) // hsl(120, 50%, 50%)
+         : (m = reHslaPercent.exec(format)) ? hsla(m[1], m[2] / 100, m[3] / 100, m[4]) // hsla(120, 50%, 50%, 1)
+         : named.hasOwnProperty(format) ? rgbn(named[format]) // eslint-disable-line no-prototype-builtins
+         : format === "transparent" ? new Rgb(NaN, NaN, NaN, 0) : null;
+       }
 
-               for (i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) {
-                   node = nodes[i];
-                   nodeCount[node.id] = (nodeCount[node.id] || 0) + 1;
-                   points.push({ id: node.id, coord: projection(node.loc) });
-               }
+       function rgbn(n) {
+         return new Rgb(n >> 16 & 0xff, n >> 8 & 0xff, n & 0xff, 1);
+       }
 
+       function rgba(r, g, b, a) {
+         if (a <= 0) r = g = b = NaN;
+         return new Rgb(r, g, b, a);
+       }
 
-               if (points.length === 3) {   // move only one vertex for right triangle
-                   for (i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
-                       motions = points.map(calcMotion);
+       function rgbConvert(o) {
+         if (!(o instanceof Color)) o = color(o);
+         if (!o) return new Rgb();
+         o = o.rgb();
+         return new Rgb(o.r, o.g, o.b, o.opacity);
+       }
+       function rgb(r, g, b, opacity) {
+         return arguments.length === 1 ? rgbConvert(r) : new Rgb(r, g, b, opacity == null ? 1 : opacity);
+       }
+       function Rgb(r, g, b, opacity) {
+         this.r = +r;
+         this.g = +g;
+         this.b = +b;
+         this.opacity = +opacity;
+       }
+       define(Rgb, rgb, extend$3(Color, {
+         brighter: function brighter(k) {
+           k = k == null ? _brighter : Math.pow(_brighter, k);
+           return new Rgb(this.r * k, this.g * k, this.b * k, this.opacity);
+         },
+         darker: function darker(k) {
+           k = k == null ? _darker : Math.pow(_darker, k);
+           return new Rgb(this.r * k, this.g * k, this.b * k, this.opacity);
+         },
+         rgb: function rgb() {
+           return this;
+         },
+         displayable: function displayable() {
+           return -0.5 <= this.r && this.r < 255.5 && -0.5 <= this.g && this.g < 255.5 && -0.5 <= this.b && this.b < 255.5 && 0 <= this.opacity && this.opacity <= 1;
+         },
+         hex: rgb_formatHex,
+         // Deprecated! Use color.formatHex.
+         formatHex: rgb_formatHex,
+         formatRgb: rgb_formatRgb,
+         toString: rgb_formatRgb
+       }));
 
-                       points[corner.i].coord = geoVecAdd(points[corner.i].coord, motions[corner.i]);
-                       score = corner.dotp;
-                       if (score < epsilon) {
-                           break;
-                       }
-                   }
+       function rgb_formatHex() {
+         return "#" + hex$1(this.r) + hex$1(this.g) + hex$1(this.b);
+       }
 
-                   node = graph.entity(nodes[corner.i].id);
-                   loc = projection.invert(points[corner.i].coord);
-                   graph = graph.replace(node.move(geoVecInterp(node.loc, loc, t)));
+       function rgb_formatRgb() {
+         var a = this.opacity;
+         a = isNaN(a) ? 1 : Math.max(0, Math.min(1, a));
+         return (a === 1 ? "rgb(" : "rgba(") + Math.max(0, Math.min(255, Math.round(this.r) || 0)) + ", " + Math.max(0, Math.min(255, Math.round(this.g) || 0)) + ", " + Math.max(0, Math.min(255, Math.round(this.b) || 0)) + (a === 1 ? ")" : ", " + a + ")");
+       }
 
-               } else {
-                   var straights = [];
-                   var simplified = [];
-
-                   // Remove points from nearly straight sections..
-                   // This produces a simplified shape to orthogonalize
-                   for (i = 0; i < points.length; i++) {
-                       point = points[i];
-                       var dotp = 0;
-                       if (isClosed || (i > 0 && i < points.length - 1)) {
-                           var a = points[(i - 1 + points.length) % points.length];
-                           var b = points[(i + 1) % points.length];
-                           dotp = Math.abs(geoOrthoNormalizedDotProduct(a.coord, b.coord, point.coord));
-                       }
+       function hex$1(value) {
+         value = Math.max(0, Math.min(255, Math.round(value) || 0));
+         return (value < 16 ? "0" : "") + value.toString(16);
+       }
 
-                       if (dotp > upperThreshold) {
-                           straights.push(point);
-                       } else {
-                           simplified.push(point);
-                       }
-                   }
+       function hsla(h, s, l, a) {
+         if (a <= 0) h = s = l = NaN;else if (l <= 0 || l >= 1) h = s = NaN;else if (s <= 0) h = NaN;
+         return new Hsl(h, s, l, a);
+       }
 
-                   // Orthogonalize the simplified shape
-                   var bestPoints = clonePoints(simplified);
-                   var originalPoints = clonePoints(simplified);
+       function hslConvert(o) {
+         if (o instanceof Hsl) return new Hsl(o.h, o.s, o.l, o.opacity);
+         if (!(o instanceof Color)) o = color(o);
+         if (!o) return new Hsl();
+         if (o instanceof Hsl) return o;
+         o = o.rgb();
+         var r = o.r / 255,
+             g = o.g / 255,
+             b = o.b / 255,
+             min = Math.min(r, g, b),
+             max = Math.max(r, g, b),
+             h = NaN,
+             s = max - min,
+             l = (max + min) / 2;
 
-                   score = Infinity;
-                   for (i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
-                       motions = simplified.map(calcMotion);
+         if (s) {
+           if (r === max) h = (g - b) / s + (g < b) * 6;else if (g === max) h = (b - r) / s + 2;else h = (r - g) / s + 4;
+           s /= l < 0.5 ? max + min : 2 - max - min;
+           h *= 60;
+         } else {
+           s = l > 0 && l < 1 ? 0 : h;
+         }
 
-                       for (j = 0; j < motions.length; j++) {
-                           simplified[j].coord = geoVecAdd(simplified[j].coord, motions[j]);
-                       }
-                       var newScore = geoOrthoCalcScore(simplified, isClosed, epsilon, threshold);
-                       if (newScore < score) {
-                           bestPoints = clonePoints(simplified);
-                           score = newScore;
-                       }
-                       if (score < epsilon) {
-                           break;
-                       }
-                   }
+         return new Hsl(h, s, l, o.opacity);
+       }
+       function hsl(h, s, l, opacity) {
+         return arguments.length === 1 ? hslConvert(h) : new Hsl(h, s, l, opacity == null ? 1 : opacity);
+       }
 
-                   var bestCoords = bestPoints.map(function(p) { return p.coord; });
-                   if (isClosed) bestCoords.push(bestCoords[0]);
+       function Hsl(h, s, l, opacity) {
+         this.h = +h;
+         this.s = +s;
+         this.l = +l;
+         this.opacity = +opacity;
+       }
 
-                   // move the nodes that should move
-                   for (i = 0; i < bestPoints.length; i++) {
-                       point = bestPoints[i];
-                       if (!geoVecEqual(originalPoints[i].coord, point.coord)) {
-                           node = graph.entity(point.id);
-                           loc = projection.invert(point.coord);
-                           graph = graph.replace(node.move(geoVecInterp(node.loc, loc, t)));
-                       }
-                   }
+       define(Hsl, hsl, extend$3(Color, {
+         brighter: function brighter(k) {
+           k = k == null ? _brighter : Math.pow(_brighter, k);
+           return new Hsl(this.h, this.s, this.l * k, this.opacity);
+         },
+         darker: function darker(k) {
+           k = k == null ? _darker : Math.pow(_darker, k);
+           return new Hsl(this.h, this.s, this.l * k, this.opacity);
+         },
+         rgb: function rgb() {
+           var h = this.h % 360 + (this.h < 0) * 360,
+               s = isNaN(h) || isNaN(this.s) ? 0 : this.s,
+               l = this.l,
+               m2 = l + (l < 0.5 ? l : 1 - l) * s,
+               m1 = 2 * l - m2;
+           return new Rgb(hsl2rgb(h >= 240 ? h - 240 : h + 120, m1, m2), hsl2rgb(h, m1, m2), hsl2rgb(h < 120 ? h + 240 : h - 120, m1, m2), this.opacity);
+         },
+         displayable: function displayable() {
+           return (0 <= this.s && this.s <= 1 || isNaN(this.s)) && 0 <= this.l && this.l <= 1 && 0 <= this.opacity && this.opacity <= 1;
+         },
+         formatHsl: function formatHsl() {
+           var a = this.opacity;
+           a = isNaN(a) ? 1 : Math.max(0, Math.min(1, a));
+           return (a === 1 ? "hsl(" : "hsla(") + (this.h || 0) + ", " + (this.s || 0) * 100 + "%, " + (this.l || 0) * 100 + "%" + (a === 1 ? ")" : ", " + a + ")");
+         }
+       }));
+       /* From FvD 13.37, CSS Color Module Level 3 */
 
-                   // move the nodes along straight segments
-                   for (i = 0; i < straights.length; i++) {
-                       point = straights[i];
-                       if (nodeCount[point.id] > 1) continue;   // skip self-intersections
+       function hsl2rgb(h, m1, m2) {
+         return (h < 60 ? m1 + (m2 - m1) * h / 60 : h < 180 ? m2 : h < 240 ? m1 + (m2 - m1) * (240 - h) / 60 : m1) * 255;
+       }
 
-                       node = graph.entity(point.id);
+       var constant$1 = (function (x) {
+         return function () {
+           return x;
+         };
+       });
 
-                       if (t === 1 &&
-                           graph.parentWays(node).length === 1 &&
-                           graph.parentRelations(node).length === 0 &&
-                           !node.hasInterestingTags()
-                       ) {
-                           // remove uninteresting points..
-                           graph = actionDeleteNode(node.id)(graph);
+       function linear$2(a, d) {
+         return function (t) {
+           return a + t * d;
+         };
+       }
 
-                       } else {
-                           // move interesting points to the nearest edge..
-                           var choice = geoVecProject(point.coord, bestCoords);
-                           if (choice) {
-                               loc = projection.invert(choice.target);
-                               graph = graph.replace(node.move(geoVecInterp(node.loc, loc, t)));
-                           }
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
+       function exponential(a, b, y) {
+         return a = Math.pow(a, y), b = Math.pow(b, y) - a, y = 1 / y, function (t) {
+           return Math.pow(a + t * b, y);
+         };
+       }
+       function gamma(y) {
+         return (y = +y) === 1 ? nogamma : function (a, b) {
+           return b - a ? exponential(a, b, y) : constant$1(isNaN(a) ? b : a);
+         };
+       }
+       function nogamma(a, b) {
+         var d = b - a;
+         return d ? linear$2(a, d) : constant$1(isNaN(a) ? b : a);
+       }
 
-               return graph;
+       var d3_interpolateRgb = (function rgbGamma(y) {
+         var color = gamma(y);
 
+         function rgb$1(start, end) {
+           var r = color((start = rgb(start)).r, (end = rgb(end)).r),
+               g = color(start.g, end.g),
+               b = color(start.b, end.b),
+               opacity = nogamma(start.opacity, end.opacity);
+           return function (t) {
+             start.r = r(t);
+             start.g = g(t);
+             start.b = b(t);
+             start.opacity = opacity(t);
+             return start + "";
+           };
+         }
 
-               function clonePoints(array) {
-                   return array.map(function(p) {
-                       return { id: p.id, coord: [p.coord[0], p.coord[1]] };
-                   });
-               }
+         rgb$1.gamma = rgbGamma;
+         return rgb$1;
+       })(1);
 
+       function numberArray (a, b) {
+         if (!b) b = [];
+         var n = a ? Math.min(b.length, a.length) : 0,
+             c = b.slice(),
+             i;
+         return function (t) {
+           for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+             c[i] = a[i] * (1 - t) + b[i] * t;
+           }
 
-               function calcMotion(point, i, array) {
-                   // don't try to move the endpoints of a non-closed way.
-                   if (!isClosed && (i === 0 || i === array.length - 1)) return [0, 0];
-                   // don't try to move a node that appears more than once (self intersection)
-                   if (nodeCount[array[i].id] > 1) return [0, 0];
+           return c;
+         };
+       }
+       function isNumberArray(x) {
+         return ArrayBuffer.isView(x) && !(x instanceof DataView);
+       }
 
-                   var a = array[(i - 1 + array.length) % array.length].coord;
-                   var origin = point.coord;
-                   var b = array[(i + 1) % array.length].coord;
-                   var p = geoVecSubtract(a, origin);
-                   var q = geoVecSubtract(b, origin);
+       function genericArray(a, b) {
+         var nb = b ? b.length : 0,
+             na = a ? Math.min(nb, a.length) : 0,
+             x = new Array(na),
+             c = new Array(nb),
+             i;
 
-                   var scale = 2 * Math.min(geoVecLength(p), geoVecLength(q));
-                   p = geoVecNormalize(p);
-                   q = geoVecNormalize(q);
+         for (i = 0; i < na; ++i) {
+           x[i] = interpolate$1(a[i], b[i]);
+         }
 
-                   var dotp = (p[0] * q[0] + p[1] * q[1]);
-                   var val = Math.abs(dotp);
+         for (; i < nb; ++i) {
+           c[i] = b[i];
+         }
 
-                   if (val < lowerThreshold) {  // nearly orthogonal
-                       corner.i = i;
-                       corner.dotp = val;
-                       var vec = geoVecNormalize(geoVecAdd(p, q));
-                       return geoVecScale(vec, 0.1 * dotp * scale);
-                   }
+         return function (t) {
+           for (i = 0; i < na; ++i) {
+             c[i] = x[i](t);
+           }
 
-                   return [0, 0];   // do nothing
-               }
-           };
+           return c;
+         };
+       }
 
+       function date (a, b) {
+         var d = new Date();
+         return a = +a, b = +b, function (t) {
+           return d.setTime(a * (1 - t) + b * t), d;
+         };
+       }
 
-           // if we are only orthogonalizing one vertex,
-           // get that vertex and the previous and next
-           function nodeSubset(nodes, vertexID, isClosed) {
-               var first = isClosed ? 0 : 1;
-               var last = isClosed ? nodes.length : nodes.length - 1;
+       function d3_interpolateNumber (a, b) {
+         return a = +a, b = +b, function (t) {
+           return a * (1 - t) + b * t;
+         };
+       }
 
-               for (var i = first; i < last; i++) {
-                   if (nodes[i].id === vertexID) {
-                       return [
-                           nodes[(i - 1 + nodes.length) % nodes.length],
-                           nodes[i],
-                           nodes[(i + 1) % nodes.length]
-                       ];
-                   }
-               }
+       function object (a, b) {
+         var i = {},
+             c = {},
+             k;
+         if (a === null || _typeof(a) !== "object") a = {};
+         if (b === null || _typeof(b) !== "object") b = {};
 
-               return [];
+         for (k in b) {
+           if (k in a) {
+             i[k] = interpolate$1(a[k], b[k]);
+           } else {
+             c[k] = b[k];
            }
+         }
 
+         return function (t) {
+           for (k in i) {
+             c[k] = i[k](t);
+           }
 
-           action.disabled = function(graph) {
-               var way = graph.entity(wayID);
-               way = way.removeNode('');  // sanity check - remove any consecutive duplicates
-               graph = graph.replace(way);
+           return c;
+         };
+       }
 
-               var isClosed = way.isClosed();
-               var nodes = graph.childNodes(way).slice();  // shallow copy
-               if (isClosed) nodes.pop();
+       var reA = /[-+]?(?:\d+\.?\d*|\.?\d+)(?:[eE][-+]?\d+)?/g,
+           reB = new RegExp(reA.source, "g");
 
-               var allowStraightAngles = false;
-               if (vertexID !== undefined) {
-                   allowStraightAngles = true;
-                   nodes = nodeSubset(nodes, vertexID, isClosed);
-                   if (nodes.length !== 3) return 'end_vertex';
-               }
+       function zero(b) {
+         return function () {
+           return b;
+         };
+       }
 
-               var coords = nodes.map(function(n) { return projection(n.loc); });
-               var score = geoOrthoCanOrthogonalize(coords, isClosed, epsilon, threshold, allowStraightAngles);
+       function one(b) {
+         return function (t) {
+           return b(t) + "";
+         };
+       }
 
-               if (score === null) {
-                   return 'not_squarish';
-               } else if (score === 0) {
-                   return 'square_enough';
-               } else {
-                   return false;
-               }
-           };
+       function interpolateString (a, b) {
+         var bi = reA.lastIndex = reB.lastIndex = 0,
+             // scan index for next number in b
+         am,
+             // current match in a
+         bm,
+             // current match in b
+         bs,
+             // string preceding current number in b, if any
+         i = -1,
+             // index in s
+         s = [],
+             // string constants and placeholders
+         q = []; // number interpolators
+         // Coerce inputs to strings.
 
+         a = a + "", b = b + ""; // Interpolate pairs of numbers in a & b.
 
-           action.transitionable = true;
+         while ((am = reA.exec(a)) && (bm = reB.exec(b))) {
+           if ((bs = bm.index) > bi) {
+             // a string precedes the next number in b
+             bs = b.slice(bi, bs);
+             if (s[i]) s[i] += bs; // coalesce with previous string
+             else s[++i] = bs;
+           }
 
-           return action;
-       }
+           if ((am = am[0]) === (bm = bm[0])) {
+             // numbers in a & b match
+             if (s[i]) s[i] += bm; // coalesce with previous string
+             else s[++i] = bm;
+           } else {
+             // interpolate non-matching numbers
+             s[++i] = null;
+             q.push({
+               i: i,
+               x: d3_interpolateNumber(am, bm)
+             });
+           }
 
-       // `actionRestrictTurn` creates a turn restriction relation.
-       //
-       // `turn` must be an `osmTurn` object
-       // see osm/intersection.js, pathToTurn()
-       //
-       // This specifies a restriction of type `restriction` when traveling from
-       // `turn.from.way` toward `turn.to.way` via `turn.via.node` OR `turn.via.ways`.
-       // (The action does not check that these entities form a valid intersection.)
-       //
-       // From, to, and via ways should be split before calling this action.
-       // (old versions of the code would split the ways here, but we no longer do it)
-       //
-       // For testing convenience, accepts a restrictionID to assign to the new
-       // relation. Normally, this will be undefined and the relation will
-       // automatically be assigned a new ID.
-       //
-       function actionRestrictTurn(turn, restrictionType, restrictionID) {
+           bi = reB.lastIndex;
+         } // Add remains of b.
 
-           return function(graph) {
-               var fromWay = graph.entity(turn.from.way);
-               var toWay = graph.entity(turn.to.way);
-               var viaNode = turn.via.node && graph.entity(turn.via.node);
-               var viaWays = turn.via.ways && turn.via.ways.map(function(id) { return graph.entity(id); });
-               var members = [];
 
-               members.push({ id: fromWay.id, type: 'way',  role: 'from' });
+         if (bi < b.length) {
+           bs = b.slice(bi);
+           if (s[i]) s[i] += bs; // coalesce with previous string
+           else s[++i] = bs;
+         } // Special optimization for only a single match.
+         // Otherwise, interpolate each of the numbers and rejoin the string.
 
-               if (viaNode) {
-                   members.push({ id: viaNode.id,  type: 'node', role: 'via' });
-               } else if (viaWays) {
-                   viaWays.forEach(function(viaWay) {
-                       members.push({ id: viaWay.id,  type: 'way', role: 'via' });
-                   });
-               }
 
-               members.push({ id: toWay.id, type: 'way',  role: 'to' });
+         return s.length < 2 ? q[0] ? one(q[0].x) : zero(b) : (b = q.length, function (t) {
+           for (var i = 0, o; i < b; ++i) {
+             s[(o = q[i]).i] = o.x(t);
+           }
 
-               return graph.replace(osmRelation({
-                   id: restrictionID,
-                   tags: {
-                       type: 'restriction',
-                       restriction: restrictionType
-                   },
-                   members: members
-               }));
-           };
+           return s.join("");
+         });
        }
 
-       function actionRevert(id) {
-           var action = function(graph) {
-               var entity = graph.hasEntity(id),
-                   base = graph.base().entities[id];
-
-               if (entity && !base) {    // entity will be removed..
-                   if (entity.type === 'node') {
-                       graph.parentWays(entity)
-                           .forEach(function(parent) {
-                               parent = parent.removeNode(id);
-                               graph = graph.replace(parent);
-
-                               if (parent.isDegenerate()) {
-                                   graph = actionDeleteWay(parent.id)(graph);
-                               }
-                           });
-                   }
-
-                   graph.parentRelations(entity)
-                       .forEach(function(parent) {
-                           parent = parent.removeMembersWithID(id);
-                           graph = graph.replace(parent);
-
-                           if (parent.isDegenerate()) {
-                               graph = actionDeleteRelation(parent.id)(graph);
-                           }
-                       });
-               }
+       function interpolate$1 (a, b) {
+         var t = _typeof(b),
+             c;
 
-               return graph.revert(id);
-           };
+         return b == null || t === "boolean" ? constant$1(b) : (t === "number" ? d3_interpolateNumber : t === "string" ? (c = color(b)) ? (b = c, d3_interpolateRgb) : interpolateString : b instanceof color ? d3_interpolateRgb : b instanceof Date ? date : isNumberArray(b) ? numberArray : Array.isArray(b) ? genericArray : typeof b.valueOf !== "function" && typeof b.toString !== "function" || isNaN(b) ? object : d3_interpolateNumber)(a, b);
+       }
 
-           return action;
+       function interpolateRound (a, b) {
+         return a = +a, b = +b, function (t) {
+           return Math.round(a * (1 - t) + b * t);
+         };
        }
 
-       function actionRotate(rotateIds, pivot, angle, projection) {
+       var degrees = 180 / Math.PI;
+       var identity$3 = {
+         translateX: 0,
+         translateY: 0,
+         rotate: 0,
+         skewX: 0,
+         scaleX: 1,
+         scaleY: 1
+       };
+       function decompose (a, b, c, d, e, f) {
+         var scaleX, scaleY, skewX;
+         if (scaleX = Math.sqrt(a * a + b * b)) a /= scaleX, b /= scaleX;
+         if (skewX = a * c + b * d) c -= a * skewX, d -= b * skewX;
+         if (scaleY = Math.sqrt(c * c + d * d)) c /= scaleY, d /= scaleY, skewX /= scaleY;
+         if (a * d < b * c) a = -a, b = -b, skewX = -skewX, scaleX = -scaleX;
+         return {
+           translateX: e,
+           translateY: f,
+           rotate: Math.atan2(b, a) * degrees,
+           skewX: Math.atan(skewX) * degrees,
+           scaleX: scaleX,
+           scaleY: scaleY
+         };
+       }
 
-           var action = function(graph) {
-               return graph.update(function(graph) {
-                   utilGetAllNodes(rotateIds, graph).forEach(function(node) {
-                       var point = geoRotate([projection(node.loc)], angle, pivot)[0];
-                       graph = graph.replace(node.move(projection.invert(point)));
-                   });
-               });
-           };
+       var svgNode;
+       /* eslint-disable no-undef */
 
-           return action;
+       function parseCss(value) {
+         var m = new (typeof DOMMatrix === "function" ? DOMMatrix : WebKitCSSMatrix)(value + "");
+         return m.isIdentity ? identity$3 : decompose(m.a, m.b, m.c, m.d, m.e, m.f);
+       }
+       function parseSvg(value) {
+         if (value == null) return identity$3;
+         if (!svgNode) svgNode = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "g");
+         svgNode.setAttribute("transform", value);
+         if (!(value = svgNode.transform.baseVal.consolidate())) return identity$3;
+         value = value.matrix;
+         return decompose(value.a, value.b, value.c, value.d, value.e, value.f);
        }
 
-       /* Align nodes along their common axis */
-       function actionStraightenNodes(nodeIDs, projection) {
+       function interpolateTransform(parse, pxComma, pxParen, degParen) {
+         function pop(s) {
+           return s.length ? s.pop() + " " : "";
+         }
 
-           function positionAlongWay(a, o, b) {
-               return geoVecDot(a, b, o) / geoVecDot(b, b, o);
+         function translate(xa, ya, xb, yb, s, q) {
+           if (xa !== xb || ya !== yb) {
+             var i = s.push("translate(", null, pxComma, null, pxParen);
+             q.push({
+               i: i - 4,
+               x: d3_interpolateNumber(xa, xb)
+             }, {
+               i: i - 2,
+               x: d3_interpolateNumber(ya, yb)
+             });
+           } else if (xb || yb) {
+             s.push("translate(" + xb + pxComma + yb + pxParen);
            }
+         }
 
-           // returns the endpoints of the long axis of symmetry of the `points` bounding rect 
-           function getEndpoints(points) {
-               var ssr = geoGetSmallestSurroundingRectangle(points);
-
-               // Choose line pq = axis of symmetry.
-               // The shape's surrounding rectangle has 2 axes of symmetry.
-               // Snap points to the long axis
-               var p1 = [(ssr.poly[0][0] + ssr.poly[1][0]) / 2, (ssr.poly[0][1] + ssr.poly[1][1]) / 2 ];
-               var q1 = [(ssr.poly[2][0] + ssr.poly[3][0]) / 2, (ssr.poly[2][1] + ssr.poly[3][1]) / 2 ];
-               var p2 = [(ssr.poly[3][0] + ssr.poly[4][0]) / 2, (ssr.poly[3][1] + ssr.poly[4][1]) / 2 ];
-               var q2 = [(ssr.poly[1][0] + ssr.poly[2][0]) / 2, (ssr.poly[1][1] + ssr.poly[2][1]) / 2 ];
+         function rotate(a, b, s, q) {
+           if (a !== b) {
+             if (a - b > 180) b += 360;else if (b - a > 180) a += 360; // shortest path
 
-               var isLong = (geoVecLength(p1, q1) > geoVecLength(p2, q2));
-               if (isLong) {
-                   return [p1, q1];
-               }
-               return [p2, q2];
+             q.push({
+               i: s.push(pop(s) + "rotate(", null, degParen) - 2,
+               x: d3_interpolateNumber(a, b)
+             });
+           } else if (b) {
+             s.push(pop(s) + "rotate(" + b + degParen);
            }
+         }
 
+         function skewX(a, b, s, q) {
+           if (a !== b) {
+             q.push({
+               i: s.push(pop(s) + "skewX(", null, degParen) - 2,
+               x: d3_interpolateNumber(a, b)
+             });
+           } else if (b) {
+             s.push(pop(s) + "skewX(" + b + degParen);
+           }
+         }
 
-           var action = function(graph, t) {
-               if (t === null || !isFinite(t)) t = 1;
-               t = Math.min(Math.max(+t, 0), 1);
-
-               var nodes = nodeIDs.map(function(id) { return graph.entity(id); });
-               var points = nodes.map(function(n) { return projection(n.loc); });
-               var endpoints = getEndpoints(points);
-               var startPoint = endpoints[0];
-               var endPoint = endpoints[1];
-
-               // Move points onto the line connecting the endpoints
-               for (var i = 0; i < points.length; i++) {
-                   var node = nodes[i];
-                   var point = points[i];
-                   var u = positionAlongWay(point, startPoint, endPoint);
-                   var point2 = geoVecInterp(startPoint, endPoint, u);
-                   var loc2 = projection.invert(point2);
-                   graph = graph.replace(node.move(geoVecInterp(node.loc, loc2, t)));
-               }
-
-               return graph;
-           };
-
-
-           action.disabled = function(graph) {
+         function scale(xa, ya, xb, yb, s, q) {
+           if (xa !== xb || ya !== yb) {
+             var i = s.push(pop(s) + "scale(", null, ",", null, ")");
+             q.push({
+               i: i - 4,
+               x: d3_interpolateNumber(xa, xb)
+             }, {
+               i: i - 2,
+               x: d3_interpolateNumber(ya, yb)
+             });
+           } else if (xb !== 1 || yb !== 1) {
+             s.push(pop(s) + "scale(" + xb + "," + yb + ")");
+           }
+         }
 
-               var nodes = nodeIDs.map(function(id) { return graph.entity(id); });
-               var points = nodes.map(function(n) { return projection(n.loc); });
-               var endpoints = getEndpoints(points);
-               var startPoint = endpoints[0];
-               var endPoint = endpoints[1];
+         return function (a, b) {
+           var s = [],
+               // string constants and placeholders
+           q = []; // number interpolators
 
-               var maxDistance = 0;
+           a = parse(a), b = parse(b);
+           translate(a.translateX, a.translateY, b.translateX, b.translateY, s, q);
+           rotate(a.rotate, b.rotate, s, q);
+           skewX(a.skewX, b.skewX, s, q);
+           scale(a.scaleX, a.scaleY, b.scaleX, b.scaleY, s, q);
+           a = b = null; // gc
 
-               for (var i = 0; i < points.length; i++) {
-                   var point = points[i];
-                   var u = positionAlongWay(point, startPoint, endPoint);
-                   var p = geoVecInterp(startPoint, endPoint, u);
-                   var dist = geoVecLength(p, point);
+           return function (t) {
+             var i = -1,
+                 n = q.length,
+                 o;
 
-                   if (!isNaN(dist) && dist > maxDistance) {
-                       maxDistance = dist;
-                   }
-               }
+             while (++i < n) {
+               s[(o = q[i]).i] = o.x(t);
+             }
 
-               if (maxDistance < 0.0001) {
-                   return 'straight_enough';
-               }
+             return s.join("");
            };
-
-
-           action.transitionable = true;
-
-
-           return action;
+         };
        }
 
-       /*
-        * Based on https://github.com/openstreetmap/potlatch2/net/systemeD/potlatch2/tools/Straighten.as
-        */
-       function actionStraightenWay(selectedIDs, projection) {
+       var interpolateTransformCss = interpolateTransform(parseCss, "px, ", "px)", "deg)");
+       var interpolateTransformSvg = interpolateTransform(parseSvg, ", ", ")", ")");
 
-           function positionAlongWay(a, o, b) {
-               return geoVecDot(a, b, o) / geoVecDot(b, b, o);
-           }
+       var epsilon2 = 1e-12;
 
-           // Return all selected ways as a continuous, ordered array of nodes
-           function allNodes(graph) {
-               var nodes = [];
-               var startNodes = [];
-               var endNodes = [];
-               var remainingWays = [];
-               var selectedWays = selectedIDs.filter(function(w) {
-                   return graph.entity(w).type === 'way';
-               });
-               var selectedNodes = selectedIDs.filter(function(n) {
-                   return graph.entity(n).type === 'node';
-               });
+       function cosh(x) {
+         return ((x = Math.exp(x)) + 1 / x) / 2;
+       }
 
-               for (var i = 0; i < selectedWays.length; i++) {
-                   var way = graph.entity(selectedWays[i]);
-                   nodes = way.nodes.slice(0);
-                   remainingWays.push(nodes);
-                   startNodes.push(nodes[0]);
-                   endNodes.push(nodes[nodes.length-1]);
-               }
+       function sinh(x) {
+         return ((x = Math.exp(x)) - 1 / x) / 2;
+       }
 
-               // Remove duplicate end/startNodes (duplicate nodes cannot be at the line end,
-               //   and need to be removed so currNode difference calculation below works)
-               // i.e. ["n-1", "n-1", "n-2"] => ["n-2"]
-               startNodes = startNodes.filter(function(n) {
-                   return startNodes.indexOf(n) === startNodes.lastIndexOf(n);
-               });
-               endNodes = endNodes.filter(function(n) {
-                   return endNodes.indexOf(n) === endNodes.lastIndexOf(n);
-               });
+       function tanh(x) {
+         return ((x = Math.exp(2 * x)) - 1) / (x + 1);
+       }
 
-               // Choose the initial endpoint to start from
-               var currNode = utilArrayDifference(startNodes, endNodes)
-                   .concat(utilArrayDifference(endNodes, startNodes))[0];
-               var nextWay = [];
-               nodes = [];
-
-               // Create nested function outside of loop to avoid "function in loop" lint error
-               var getNextWay = function(currNode, remainingWays) {
-                   return remainingWays.filter(function(way) {
-                       return way[0] === currNode || way[way.length-1] === currNode;
-                   })[0];
+       var interpolateZoom = (function zoomRho(rho, rho2, rho4) {
+         // p0 = [ux0, uy0, w0]
+         // p1 = [ux1, uy1, w1]
+         function zoom(p0, p1) {
+           var ux0 = p0[0],
+               uy0 = p0[1],
+               w0 = p0[2],
+               ux1 = p1[0],
+               uy1 = p1[1],
+               w1 = p1[2],
+               dx = ux1 - ux0,
+               dy = uy1 - uy0,
+               d2 = dx * dx + dy * dy,
+               i,
+               S; // Special case for u0 ≅ u1.
+
+           if (d2 < epsilon2) {
+             S = Math.log(w1 / w0) / rho;
+
+             i = function i(t) {
+               return [ux0 + t * dx, uy0 + t * dy, w0 * Math.exp(rho * t * S)];
+             };
+           } // General case.
+           else {
+               var d1 = Math.sqrt(d2),
+                   b0 = (w1 * w1 - w0 * w0 + rho4 * d2) / (2 * w0 * rho2 * d1),
+                   b1 = (w1 * w1 - w0 * w0 - rho4 * d2) / (2 * w1 * rho2 * d1),
+                   r0 = Math.log(Math.sqrt(b0 * b0 + 1) - b0),
+                   r1 = Math.log(Math.sqrt(b1 * b1 + 1) - b1);
+               S = (r1 - r0) / rho;
+
+               i = function i(t) {
+                 var s = t * S,
+                     coshr0 = cosh(r0),
+                     u = w0 / (rho2 * d1) * (coshr0 * tanh(rho * s + r0) - sinh(r0));
+                 return [ux0 + u * dx, uy0 + u * dy, w0 * coshr0 / cosh(rho * s + r0)];
                };
+             }
 
-               // Add nodes to end of nodes array, until all ways are added
-               while (remainingWays.length) {
-                   nextWay = getNextWay(currNode, remainingWays);
-                   remainingWays = utilArrayDifference(remainingWays, [nextWay]);
+           i.duration = S * 1000 * rho / Math.SQRT2;
+           return i;
+         }
 
-                   if (nextWay[0] !== currNode) {
-                       nextWay.reverse();
-                   }
-                   nodes = nodes.concat(nextWay);
-                   currNode = nodes[nodes.length-1];
-               }
+         zoom.rho = function (_) {
+           var _1 = Math.max(1e-3, +_),
+               _2 = _1 * _1,
+               _4 = _2 * _2;
 
-               // If user selected 2 nodes to straighten between, then slice nodes array to those nodes
-               if (selectedNodes.length === 2) {
-                   var startNodeIdx = nodes.indexOf(selectedNodes[0]);
-                   var endNodeIdx = nodes.indexOf(selectedNodes[1]);
-                   var sortedStartEnd = [startNodeIdx, endNodeIdx];
+           return zoomRho(_1, _2, _4);
+         };
 
-                   sortedStartEnd.sort(function(a, b) { return a - b; });
-                   nodes = nodes.slice(sortedStartEnd[0], sortedStartEnd[1]+1);
-               }
+         return zoom;
+       })(Math.SQRT2, 2, 4);
 
-               return nodes.map(function(n) { return graph.entity(n); });
-           }
+       function d3_quantize (interpolator, n) {
+         var samples = new Array(n);
 
-           function shouldKeepNode(node, graph) {
-               return graph.parentWays(node).length > 1 ||
-                   graph.parentRelations(node).length ||
-                   node.hasInterestingTags();
-           }
+         for (var i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+           samples[i] = interpolator(i / (n - 1));
+         }
 
+         return samples;
+       }
 
-           var action = function(graph, t) {
-               if (t === null || !isFinite(t)) t = 1;
-               t = Math.min(Math.max(+t, 0), 1);
+       // `Function.prototype.bind` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-function.prototype.bind
+       _export({ target: 'Function', proto: true }, {
+         bind: functionBind
+       });
 
-               var nodes = allNodes(graph);
-               var points = nodes.map(function(n) { return projection(n.loc); });
-               var startPoint = points[0];
-               var endPoint = points[points.length-1];
-               var toDelete = [];
-               var i;
+       var frame = 0,
+           // is an animation frame pending?
+       timeout = 0,
+           // is a timeout pending?
+       interval = 0,
+           // are any timers active?
+       pokeDelay = 1000,
+           // how frequently we check for clock skew
+       taskHead,
+           taskTail,
+           clockLast = 0,
+           clockNow = 0,
+           clockSkew = 0,
+           clock = (typeof performance === "undefined" ? "undefined" : _typeof(performance)) === "object" && performance.now ? performance : Date,
+           setFrame = (typeof window === "undefined" ? "undefined" : _typeof(window)) === "object" && window.requestAnimationFrame ? window.requestAnimationFrame.bind(window) : function (f) {
+         setTimeout(f, 17);
+       };
+       function now$1() {
+         return clockNow || (setFrame(clearNow), clockNow = clock.now() + clockSkew);
+       }
 
-               for (i = 1; i < points.length-1; i++) {
-                   var node = nodes[i];
-                   var point = points[i];
+       function clearNow() {
+         clockNow = 0;
+       }
 
-                   if (t < 1 || shouldKeepNode(node, graph)) {
-                       var u = positionAlongWay(point, startPoint, endPoint);
-                       var p = geoVecInterp(startPoint, endPoint, u);
-                       var loc2 = projection.invert(p);
-                       graph = graph.replace(node.move(geoVecInterp(node.loc, loc2, t)));
+       function Timer() {
+         this._call = this._time = this._next = null;
+       }
+       Timer.prototype = timer.prototype = {
+         constructor: Timer,
+         restart: function restart(callback, delay, time) {
+           if (typeof callback !== "function") throw new TypeError("callback is not a function");
+           time = (time == null ? now$1() : +time) + (delay == null ? 0 : +delay);
 
-                   } else {
-                       // safe to delete
-                       if (toDelete.indexOf(node) === -1) {
-                           toDelete.push(node);
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
+           if (!this._next && taskTail !== this) {
+             if (taskTail) taskTail._next = this;else taskHead = this;
+             taskTail = this;
+           }
 
-               for (i = 0; i < toDelete.length; i++) {
-                   graph = actionDeleteNode(toDelete[i].id)(graph);
-               }
+           this._call = callback;
+           this._time = time;
+           sleep();
+         },
+         stop: function stop() {
+           if (this._call) {
+             this._call = null;
+             this._time = Infinity;
+             sleep();
+           }
+         }
+       };
+       function timer(callback, delay, time) {
+         var t = new Timer();
+         t.restart(callback, delay, time);
+         return t;
+       }
+       function timerFlush() {
+         now$1(); // Get the current time, if not already set.
 
-               return graph;
-           };
+         ++frame; // Pretend we’ve set an alarm, if we haven’t already.
 
+         var t = taskHead,
+             e;
 
-           action.disabled = function(graph) {
-               // check way isn't too bendy
-               var nodes = allNodes(graph);
-               var points = nodes.map(function(n) { return projection(n.loc); });
-               var startPoint = points[0];
-               var endPoint = points[points.length-1];
-               var threshold = 0.2 * geoVecLength(startPoint, endPoint);
-               var i;
+         while (t) {
+           if ((e = clockNow - t._time) >= 0) t._call.call(null, e);
+           t = t._next;
+         }
 
-               if (threshold === 0) {
-                   return 'too_bendy';
-               }
+         --frame;
+       }
 
-               var maxDistance = 0;
+       function wake() {
+         clockNow = (clockLast = clock.now()) + clockSkew;
+         frame = timeout = 0;
 
-               for (i = 1; i < points.length - 1; i++) {
-                   var point = points[i];
-                   var u = positionAlongWay(point, startPoint, endPoint);
-                   var p = geoVecInterp(startPoint, endPoint, u);
-                   var dist = geoVecLength(p, point);
+         try {
+           timerFlush();
+         } finally {
+           frame = 0;
+           nap();
+           clockNow = 0;
+         }
+       }
 
-                   // to bendy if point is off by 20% of total start/end distance in projected space
-                   if (isNaN(dist) || dist > threshold) {
-                       return 'too_bendy';
-                   } else if (dist > maxDistance) {
-                       maxDistance = dist;
-                   }
-               }
+       function poke() {
+         var now = clock.now(),
+             delay = now - clockLast;
+         if (delay > pokeDelay) clockSkew -= delay, clockLast = now;
+       }
 
-               var keepingAllNodes = nodes.every(function(node, i) {
-                   return i === 0 || i === nodes.length - 1 || shouldKeepNode(node, graph);
-               });
+       function nap() {
+         var t0,
+             t1 = taskHead,
+             t2,
+             time = Infinity;
 
-               if (maxDistance < 0.0001 &&
-                   // Allow straightening even if already straight in order to remove extraneous nodes
-                   keepingAllNodes) {
-                   return 'straight_enough';
-               }
-           };
+         while (t1) {
+           if (t1._call) {
+             if (time > t1._time) time = t1._time;
+             t0 = t1, t1 = t1._next;
+           } else {
+             t2 = t1._next, t1._next = null;
+             t1 = t0 ? t0._next = t2 : taskHead = t2;
+           }
+         }
 
-           action.transitionable = true;
+         taskTail = t0;
+         sleep(time);
+       }
 
+       function sleep(time) {
+         if (frame) return; // Soonest alarm already set, or will be.
 
-           return action;
-       }
+         if (timeout) timeout = clearTimeout(timeout);
+         var delay = time - clockNow; // Strictly less than if we recomputed clockNow.
 
-       // `actionUnrestrictTurn` deletes a turn restriction relation.
-       //
-       // `turn` must be an `osmTurn` object with a `restrictionID` property.
-       // see osm/intersection.js, pathToTurn()
-       //
-       function actionUnrestrictTurn(turn) {
-           return function(graph) {
-               return actionDeleteRelation(turn.restrictionID)(graph);
-           };
+         if (delay > 24) {
+           if (time < Infinity) timeout = setTimeout(wake, time - clock.now() - clockSkew);
+           if (interval) interval = clearInterval(interval);
+         } else {
+           if (!interval) clockLast = clock.now(), interval = setInterval(poke, pokeDelay);
+           frame = 1, setFrame(wake);
+         }
        }
 
-       /* Reflect the given area around its axis of symmetry */
-       function actionReflect(reflectIds, projection) {
-           var _useLongAxis = true;
-
-
-           var action = function(graph, t) {
-               if (t === null || !isFinite(t)) t = 1;
-               t = Math.min(Math.max(+t, 0), 1);
-
-               var nodes = utilGetAllNodes(reflectIds, graph);
-               var points = nodes.map(function(n) { return projection(n.loc); });
-               var ssr = geoGetSmallestSurroundingRectangle(points);
-
-               // Choose line pq = axis of symmetry.
-               // The shape's surrounding rectangle has 2 axes of symmetry.
-               // Reflect across the longer axis by default.
-               var p1 = [(ssr.poly[0][0] + ssr.poly[1][0]) / 2, (ssr.poly[0][1] + ssr.poly[1][1]) / 2 ];
-               var q1 = [(ssr.poly[2][0] + ssr.poly[3][0]) / 2, (ssr.poly[2][1] + ssr.poly[3][1]) / 2 ];
-               var p2 = [(ssr.poly[3][0] + ssr.poly[4][0]) / 2, (ssr.poly[3][1] + ssr.poly[4][1]) / 2 ];
-               var q2 = [(ssr.poly[1][0] + ssr.poly[2][0]) / 2, (ssr.poly[1][1] + ssr.poly[2][1]) / 2 ];
-               var p, q;
-
-               var isLong = (geoVecLength(p1, q1) > geoVecLength(p2, q2));
-               if ((_useLongAxis && isLong) || (!_useLongAxis && !isLong)) {
-                   p = p1;
-                   q = q1;
-               } else {
-                   p = p2;
-                   q = q2;
-               }
-
-               // reflect c across pq
-               // http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/65503/point-reflection-over-a-line
-               var dx = q[0] - p[0];
-               var dy = q[1] - p[1];
-               var a = (dx * dx - dy * dy) / (dx * dx + dy * dy);
-               var b = 2 * dx * dy / (dx * dx + dy * dy);
-               for (var i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) {
-                   var node = nodes[i];
-                   var c = projection(node.loc);
-                   var c2 = [
-                       a * (c[0] - p[0]) + b * (c[1] - p[1]) + p[0],
-                       b * (c[0] - p[0]) - a * (c[1] - p[1]) + p[1]
-                   ];
-                   var loc2 = projection.invert(c2);
-                   node = node.move(geoVecInterp(node.loc, loc2, t));
-                   graph = graph.replace(node);
-               }
-
-               return graph;
-           };
+       function d3_timeout (callback, delay, time) {
+         var t = new Timer();
+         delay = delay == null ? 0 : +delay;
+         t.restart(function (elapsed) {
+           t.stop();
+           callback(elapsed + delay);
+         }, delay, time);
+         return t;
+       }
 
+       var emptyOn = dispatch$8("start", "end", "cancel", "interrupt");
+       var emptyTween = [];
+       var CREATED = 0;
+       var SCHEDULED = 1;
+       var STARTING = 2;
+       var STARTED = 3;
+       var RUNNING = 4;
+       var ENDING = 5;
+       var ENDED = 6;
+       function schedule (node, name, id, index, group, timing) {
+         var schedules = node.__transition;
+         if (!schedules) node.__transition = {};else if (id in schedules) return;
+         create$2(node, id, {
+           name: name,
+           index: index,
+           // For context during callback.
+           group: group,
+           // For context during callback.
+           on: emptyOn,
+           tween: emptyTween,
+           time: timing.time,
+           delay: timing.delay,
+           duration: timing.duration,
+           ease: timing.ease,
+           timer: null,
+           state: CREATED
+         });
+       }
+       function init(node, id) {
+         var schedule = get$1(node, id);
+         if (schedule.state > CREATED) throw new Error("too late; already scheduled");
+         return schedule;
+       }
+       function set(node, id) {
+         var schedule = get$1(node, id);
+         if (schedule.state > STARTED) throw new Error("too late; already running");
+         return schedule;
+       }
+       function get$1(node, id) {
+         var schedule = node.__transition;
+         if (!schedule || !(schedule = schedule[id])) throw new Error("transition not found");
+         return schedule;
+       }
 
-           action.useLongAxis = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _useLongAxis;
-               _useLongAxis = val;
-               return action;
-           };
+       function create$2(node, id, self) {
+         var schedules = node.__transition,
+             tween; // Initialize the self timer when the transition is created.
+         // Note the actual delay is not known until the first callback!
 
+         schedules[id] = self;
+         self.timer = timer(schedule, 0, self.time);
 
-           action.transitionable = true;
+         function schedule(elapsed) {
+           self.state = SCHEDULED;
+           self.timer.restart(start, self.delay, self.time); // If the elapsed delay is less than our first sleep, start immediately.
 
+           if (self.delay <= elapsed) start(elapsed - self.delay);
+         }
 
-           return action;
-       }
+         function start(elapsed) {
+           var i, j, n, o; // If the state is not SCHEDULED, then we previously errored on start.
 
-       function actionUpgradeTags(entityId, oldTags, replaceTags) {
+           if (self.state !== SCHEDULED) return stop();
 
-           return function(graph) {
-               var entity = graph.entity(entityId);
-               var tags = Object.assign({}, entity.tags);  // shallow copy
-               var transferValue;
-               var semiIndex;
+           for (i in schedules) {
+             o = schedules[i];
+             if (o.name !== self.name) continue; // While this element already has a starting transition during this frame,
+             // defer starting an interrupting transition until that transition has a
+             // chance to tick (and possibly end); see d3/d3-transition#54!
 
-               for (var oldTagKey in oldTags) {
-                   if (oldTags[oldTagKey] === '*') {
-                       transferValue = tags[oldTagKey];
-                       delete tags[oldTagKey];
-                   } else {
-                       var vals = tags[oldTagKey].split(';').filter(Boolean);
-                       var oldIndex = vals.indexOf(oldTags[oldTagKey]);
-                       if (vals.length === 1 || oldIndex === -1) {
-                           delete tags[oldTagKey];
-                       } else {
-                           if (replaceTags && replaceTags[oldTagKey]) {
-                               // replacing a value within a semicolon-delimited value, note the index
-                               semiIndex = oldIndex;
-                           }
-                           vals.splice(oldIndex, 1);
-                           tags[oldTagKey] = vals.join(';');
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
+             if (o.state === STARTED) return d3_timeout(start); // Interrupt the active transition, if any.
 
-               if (replaceTags) {
-                   for (var replaceKey in replaceTags) {
-                       var replaceValue = replaceTags[replaceKey];
-                       if (replaceValue === '*') {
-                           if (tags[replaceKey] && tags[replaceKey] !== 'no') {
-                               // allow any pre-existing value except `no` (troll tag)
-                               continue;
-                           } else {
-                               // otherwise assume `yes` is okay
-                               tags[replaceKey] = 'yes';
-                           }
-                       } else if (replaceValue === '$1') {
-                           tags[replaceKey] = transferValue;
-                       } else {
-                           if (tags[replaceKey] && oldTags[replaceKey] && semiIndex !== undefined) {
-                               // don't override preexisting values
-                               var existingVals = tags[replaceKey].split(';').filter(Boolean);
-                               if (existingVals.indexOf(replaceValue) === -1) {
-                                   existingVals.splice(semiIndex, 0, replaceValue);
-                                   tags[replaceKey] = existingVals.join(';');
-                               }
-                           } else {
-                               tags[replaceKey] = replaceValue;
-                           }
-                       }
-                   }
+             if (o.state === RUNNING) {
+               o.state = ENDED;
+               o.timer.stop();
+               o.on.call("interrupt", node, node.__data__, o.index, o.group);
+               delete schedules[i];
+             } // Cancel any pre-empted transitions.
+             else if (+i < id) {
+                 o.state = ENDED;
+                 o.timer.stop();
+                 o.on.call("cancel", node, node.__data__, o.index, o.group);
+                 delete schedules[i];
                }
+           } // Defer the first tick to end of the current frame; see d3/d3#1576.
+           // Note the transition may be canceled after start and before the first tick!
+           // Note this must be scheduled before the start event; see d3/d3-transition#16!
+           // Assuming this is successful, subsequent callbacks go straight to tick.
 
-               return graph.replace(entity.update({ tags: tags }));
-           };
-       }
-
-       function behaviorEdit(context) {
-
-           function behavior() {
-               context.map()
-                   .minzoom(context.minEditableZoom());
-           }
 
+           d3_timeout(function () {
+             if (self.state === STARTED) {
+               self.state = RUNNING;
+               self.timer.restart(tick, self.delay, self.time);
+               tick(elapsed);
+             }
+           }); // Dispatch the start event.
+           // Note this must be done before the tween are initialized.
 
-           behavior.off = function() {
-               context.map()
-                   .minzoom(0);
-           };
+           self.state = STARTING;
+           self.on.call("start", node, node.__data__, self.index, self.group);
+           if (self.state !== STARTING) return; // interrupted
 
-           return behavior;
-       }
+           self.state = STARTED; // Initialize the tween, deleting null tween.
 
-       /*
-          The hover behavior adds the `.hover` class on pointerover to all elements to which
-          the identical datum is bound, and removes it on pointerout.
+           tween = new Array(n = self.tween.length);
 
-          The :hover pseudo-class is insufficient for iD's purposes because a datum's visual
-          representation may consist of several elements scattered throughout the DOM hierarchy.
-          Only one of these elements can have the :hover pseudo-class, but all of them will
-          have the .hover class.
-        */
-       function behaviorHover(context) {
-           var dispatch$1 = dispatch('hover');
-           var _selection = select(null);
-           var _newNodeId = null;
-           var _initialNodeID = null;
-           var _altDisables;
-           var _ignoreVertex;
-           var _targets = [];
+           for (i = 0, j = -1; i < n; ++i) {
+             if (o = self.tween[i].value.call(node, node.__data__, self.index, self.group)) {
+               tween[++j] = o;
+             }
+           }
 
-           // use pointer events on supported platforms; fallback to mouse events
-           var _pointerPrefix = 'PointerEvent' in window ? 'pointer' : 'mouse';
+           tween.length = j + 1;
+         }
 
+         function tick(elapsed) {
+           var t = elapsed < self.duration ? self.ease.call(null, elapsed / self.duration) : (self.timer.restart(stop), self.state = ENDING, 1),
+               i = -1,
+               n = tween.length;
 
-           function keydown() {
-               if (_altDisables && event.keyCode === utilKeybinding.modifierCodes.alt) {
-                   _selection.selectAll('.hover')
-                       .classed('hover-suppressed', true)
-                       .classed('hover', false);
+           while (++i < n) {
+             tween[i].call(node, t);
+           } // Dispatch the end event.
 
-                   _selection
-                       .classed('hover-disabled', true);
 
-                   dispatch$1.call('hover', this, null);
-               }
+           if (self.state === ENDING) {
+             self.on.call("end", node, node.__data__, self.index, self.group);
+             stop();
            }
+         }
 
+         function stop() {
+           self.state = ENDED;
+           self.timer.stop();
+           delete schedules[id];
 
-           function keyup() {
-               if (_altDisables && event.keyCode === utilKeybinding.modifierCodes.alt) {
-                   _selection.selectAll('.hover-suppressed')
-                       .classed('hover-suppressed', false)
-                       .classed('hover', true);
+           for (var i in schedules) {
+             return;
+           } // eslint-disable-line no-unused-vars
 
-                   _selection
-                       .classed('hover-disabled', false);
 
-                   dispatch$1.call('hover', this, _targets);
-               }
-           }
+           delete node.__transition;
+         }
+       }
 
+       function interrupt (node, name) {
+         var schedules = node.__transition,
+             schedule,
+             active,
+             empty = true,
+             i;
+         if (!schedules) return;
+         name = name == null ? null : name + "";
 
-           function behavior(selection) {
-               _selection = selection;
+         for (i in schedules) {
+           if ((schedule = schedules[i]).name !== name) {
+             empty = false;
+             continue;
+           }
 
-               _targets = [];
+           active = schedule.state > STARTING && schedule.state < ENDING;
+           schedule.state = ENDED;
+           schedule.timer.stop();
+           schedule.on.call(active ? "interrupt" : "cancel", node, node.__data__, schedule.index, schedule.group);
+           delete schedules[i];
+         }
 
-               if (_initialNodeID) {
-                   _newNodeId = _initialNodeID;
-                   _initialNodeID = null;
-               } else {
-                   _newNodeId = null;
-               }
+         if (empty) delete node.__transition;
+       }
 
-               _selection
-                   .on(_pointerPrefix + 'over.hover', pointerover)
-                   .on(_pointerPrefix + 'out.hover', pointerout)
-                   // treat pointerdown as pointerover for touch devices
-                   .on(_pointerPrefix + 'down.hover', pointerover);
+       function selection_interrupt (name) {
+         return this.each(function () {
+           interrupt(this, name);
+         });
+       }
 
-               select(window)
-                   .on(_pointerPrefix + 'up.hover pointercancel.hover', pointerout, true)
-                   .on('keydown.hover', keydown)
-                   .on('keyup.hover', keyup);
+       function tweenRemove(id, name) {
+         var tween0, tween1;
+         return function () {
+           var schedule = set(this, id),
+               tween = schedule.tween; // If this node shared tween with the previous node,
+           // just assign the updated shared tween and we’re done!
+           // Otherwise, copy-on-write.
 
+           if (tween !== tween0) {
+             tween1 = tween0 = tween;
 
-               function eventTarget() {
-                   var datum = event.target && event.target.__data__;
-                   if (typeof datum !== 'object') return null;
-                   if (!(datum instanceof osmEntity) && datum.properties && (datum.properties.entity instanceof osmEntity)) {
-                       return datum.properties.entity;
-                   }
-                   return datum;
+             for (var i = 0, n = tween1.length; i < n; ++i) {
+               if (tween1[i].name === name) {
+                 tween1 = tween1.slice();
+                 tween1.splice(i, 1);
+                 break;
                }
+             }
+           }
 
-               function pointerover() {
-                   // ignore mouse hovers with buttons pressed unless dragging
-                   if (context.mode().id.indexOf('drag') === -1 &&
-                       (!event.pointerType || event.pointerType === 'mouse') &&
-                       event.buttons) return;
-
-                   var target = eventTarget();
-                   if (target && _targets.indexOf(target) === -1) {
-                       _targets.push(target);
-                       updateHover(_targets);
-                   }
-               }
+           schedule.tween = tween1;
+         };
+       }
 
-               function pointerout() {
+       function tweenFunction(id, name, value) {
+         var tween0, tween1;
+         if (typeof value !== "function") throw new Error();
+         return function () {
+           var schedule = set(this, id),
+               tween = schedule.tween; // If this node shared tween with the previous node,
+           // just assign the updated shared tween and we’re done!
+           // Otherwise, copy-on-write.
 
-                   var target = eventTarget();
-                   var index = _targets.indexOf(target);
-                   if (index !== -1) {
-                       _targets.splice(index);
-                       updateHover(_targets);
-                   }
-               }
+           if (tween !== tween0) {
+             tween1 = (tween0 = tween).slice();
 
-               function allowsVertex(d) {
-                   return d.geometry(context.graph()) === 'vertex' || _mainPresetIndex.allowsVertex(d, context.graph());
+             for (var t = {
+               name: name,
+               value: value
+             }, i = 0, n = tween1.length; i < n; ++i) {
+               if (tween1[i].name === name) {
+                 tween1[i] = t;
+                 break;
                }
+             }
 
-               function modeAllowsHover(target) {
-                   var mode = context.mode();
-                   if (mode.id === 'add-point') {
-                       return mode.preset.matchGeometry('vertex') ||
-                           (target.type !== 'way' && target.geometry(context.graph()) !== 'vertex');
-                   }
-                   return true;
-               }
+             if (i === n) tween1.push(t);
+           }
 
-               function updateHover(targets) {
+           schedule.tween = tween1;
+         };
+       }
 
-                   _selection.selectAll('.hover')
-                       .classed('hover', false);
-                   _selection.selectAll('.hover-suppressed')
-                       .classed('hover-suppressed', false);
+       function transition_tween (name, value) {
+         var id = this._id;
+         name += "";
 
-                   var mode = context.mode();
+         if (arguments.length < 2) {
+           var tween = get$1(this.node(), id).tween;
 
-                   if (!_newNodeId && (mode.id === 'draw-line' || mode.id === 'draw-area')) {
-                       var node = targets.find(function(target) {
-                           return target instanceof osmEntity && target.type === 'node';
-                       });
-                       _newNodeId = node && node.id;
-                   }
+           for (var i = 0, n = tween.length, t; i < n; ++i) {
+             if ((t = tween[i]).name === name) {
+               return t.value;
+             }
+           }
 
-                   targets = targets.filter(function(datum) {
-                       if (datum instanceof osmEntity) {
-                           // If drawing a way, don't hover on a node that was just placed. #3974
-                           return datum.id !== _newNodeId &&
-                               (datum.type !== 'node' || !_ignoreVertex || allowsVertex(datum)) &&
-                               modeAllowsHover(datum);
-                       }
-                       return true;
-                   });
+           return null;
+         }
 
-                   var selector = '';
+         return this.each((value == null ? tweenRemove : tweenFunction)(id, name, value));
+       }
+       function tweenValue(transition, name, value) {
+         var id = transition._id;
+         transition.each(function () {
+           var schedule = set(this, id);
+           (schedule.value || (schedule.value = {}))[name] = value.apply(this, arguments);
+         });
+         return function (node) {
+           return get$1(node, id).value[name];
+         };
+       }
 
-                   for (var i in targets) {
-                       var datum = targets[i];
+       function interpolate (a, b) {
+         var c;
+         return (typeof b === "number" ? d3_interpolateNumber : b instanceof color ? d3_interpolateRgb : (c = color(b)) ? (b = c, d3_interpolateRgb) : interpolateString)(a, b);
+       }
 
-                       // What are we hovering over?
-                       if (datum.__featurehash__) {
-                           // hovering custom data
-                           selector += ', .data' + datum.__featurehash__;
+       function attrRemove(name) {
+         return function () {
+           this.removeAttribute(name);
+         };
+       }
 
-                       } else if (datum instanceof QAItem) {
-                           selector += ', .' + datum.service + '.itemId-' + datum.id;
+       function attrRemoveNS(fullname) {
+         return function () {
+           this.removeAttributeNS(fullname.space, fullname.local);
+         };
+       }
 
-                       } else if (datum instanceof osmNote) {
-                           selector += ', .note-' + datum.id;
+       function attrConstant(name, interpolate, value1) {
+         var string00,
+             string1 = value1 + "",
+             interpolate0;
+         return function () {
+           var string0 = this.getAttribute(name);
+           return string0 === string1 ? null : string0 === string00 ? interpolate0 : interpolate0 = interpolate(string00 = string0, value1);
+         };
+       }
 
-                       } else if (datum instanceof osmEntity) {
-                           selector += ', .' + datum.id;
-                           if (datum.type === 'relation') {
-                               for (var j in datum.members) {
-                                   selector += ', .' + datum.members[j].id;
-                               }
-                           }
-                       }
-                   }
+       function attrConstantNS(fullname, interpolate, value1) {
+         var string00,
+             string1 = value1 + "",
+             interpolate0;
+         return function () {
+           var string0 = this.getAttributeNS(fullname.space, fullname.local);
+           return string0 === string1 ? null : string0 === string00 ? interpolate0 : interpolate0 = interpolate(string00 = string0, value1);
+         };
+       }
 
-                   var suppressed = _altDisables && event && event.altKey;
+       function attrFunction(name, interpolate, value) {
+         var string00, string10, interpolate0;
+         return function () {
+           var string0,
+               value1 = value(this),
+               string1;
+           if (value1 == null) return void this.removeAttribute(name);
+           string0 = this.getAttribute(name);
+           string1 = value1 + "";
+           return string0 === string1 ? null : string0 === string00 && string1 === string10 ? interpolate0 : (string10 = string1, interpolate0 = interpolate(string00 = string0, value1));
+         };
+       }
 
-                   if (selector.trim().length) {
-                       // remove the first comma
-                       selector = selector.slice(1);
-                       _selection.selectAll(selector)
-                           .classed(suppressed ? 'hover-suppressed' : 'hover', true);
-                   }
+       function attrFunctionNS(fullname, interpolate, value) {
+         var string00, string10, interpolate0;
+         return function () {
+           var string0,
+               value1 = value(this),
+               string1;
+           if (value1 == null) return void this.removeAttributeNS(fullname.space, fullname.local);
+           string0 = this.getAttributeNS(fullname.space, fullname.local);
+           string1 = value1 + "";
+           return string0 === string1 ? null : string0 === string00 && string1 === string10 ? interpolate0 : (string10 = string1, interpolate0 = interpolate(string00 = string0, value1));
+         };
+       }
 
-                   dispatch$1.call('hover', this, !suppressed && targets);
-               }
-           }
+       function transition_attr (name, value) {
+         var fullname = namespace(name),
+             i = fullname === "transform" ? interpolateTransformSvg : interpolate;
+         return this.attrTween(name, typeof value === "function" ? (fullname.local ? attrFunctionNS : attrFunction)(fullname, i, tweenValue(this, "attr." + name, value)) : value == null ? (fullname.local ? attrRemoveNS : attrRemove)(fullname) : (fullname.local ? attrConstantNS : attrConstant)(fullname, i, value));
+       }
 
+       function attrInterpolate(name, i) {
+         return function (t) {
+           this.setAttribute(name, i.call(this, t));
+         };
+       }
 
-           behavior.off = function(selection) {
-               selection.selectAll('.hover')
-                   .classed('hover', false);
-               selection.selectAll('.hover-suppressed')
-                   .classed('hover-suppressed', false);
-               selection
-                   .classed('hover-disabled', false);
+       function attrInterpolateNS(fullname, i) {
+         return function (t) {
+           this.setAttributeNS(fullname.space, fullname.local, i.call(this, t));
+         };
+       }
 
-               selection
-                   .on(_pointerPrefix + 'over.hover', null)
-                   .on(_pointerPrefix + 'out.hover', null)
-                   .on(_pointerPrefix + 'down.hover', null);
+       function attrTweenNS(fullname, value) {
+         var t0, i0;
 
-               select(window)
-                   .on(_pointerPrefix + 'up.hover pointercancel.hover', null, true)
-                   .on('keydown.hover', null)
-                   .on('keyup.hover', null);
-           };
+         function tween() {
+           var i = value.apply(this, arguments);
+           if (i !== i0) t0 = (i0 = i) && attrInterpolateNS(fullname, i);
+           return t0;
+         }
 
+         tween._value = value;
+         return tween;
+       }
 
-           behavior.altDisables = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _altDisables;
-               _altDisables = val;
-               return behavior;
-           };
+       function attrTween(name, value) {
+         var t0, i0;
 
-           behavior.ignoreVertex = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _ignoreVertex;
-               _ignoreVertex = val;
-               return behavior;
-           };
+         function tween() {
+           var i = value.apply(this, arguments);
+           if (i !== i0) t0 = (i0 = i) && attrInterpolate(name, i);
+           return t0;
+         }
 
-           behavior.initialNodeID = function(nodeId) {
-               _initialNodeID = nodeId;
-               return behavior;
-           };
+         tween._value = value;
+         return tween;
+       }
 
-           return utilRebind(behavior, dispatch$1, 'on');
+       function transition_attrTween (name, value) {
+         var key = "attr." + name;
+         if (arguments.length < 2) return (key = this.tween(key)) && key._value;
+         if (value == null) return this.tween(key, null);
+         if (typeof value !== "function") throw new Error();
+         var fullname = namespace(name);
+         return this.tween(key, (fullname.local ? attrTweenNS : attrTween)(fullname, value));
        }
 
-       var _disableSpace = false;
-       var _lastSpace = null;
+       function delayFunction(id, value) {
+         return function () {
+           init(this, id).delay = +value.apply(this, arguments);
+         };
+       }
 
+       function delayConstant(id, value) {
+         return value = +value, function () {
+           init(this, id).delay = value;
+         };
+       }
 
-       function behaviorDraw(context) {
-           var dispatch$1 = dispatch(
-               'move', 'down', 'downcancel', 'click', 'clickWay', 'clickNode', 'undo', 'cancel', 'finish'
-           );
+       function transition_delay (value) {
+         var id = this._id;
+         return arguments.length ? this.each((typeof value === "function" ? delayFunction : delayConstant)(id, value)) : get$1(this.node(), id).delay;
+       }
 
-           var keybinding = utilKeybinding('draw');
+       function durationFunction(id, value) {
+         return function () {
+           set(this, id).duration = +value.apply(this, arguments);
+         };
+       }
 
-           var _hover = behaviorHover(context)
-               .altDisables(true)
-               .ignoreVertex(true)
-               .on('hover', context.ui().sidebar.hover);
-           var _edit = behaviorEdit(context);
+       function durationConstant(id, value) {
+         return value = +value, function () {
+           set(this, id).duration = value;
+         };
+       }
 
-           var _closeTolerance = 4;
-           var _tolerance = 12;
-           var _mouseLeave = false;
-           var _lastMouse = null;
-           var _lastPointerUpEvent;
+       function transition_duration (value) {
+         var id = this._id;
+         return arguments.length ? this.each((typeof value === "function" ? durationFunction : durationConstant)(id, value)) : get$1(this.node(), id).duration;
+       }
 
-           var _downPointer;
+       function easeConstant(id, value) {
+         if (typeof value !== "function") throw new Error();
+         return function () {
+           set(this, id).ease = value;
+         };
+       }
 
-           // use pointer events on supported platforms; fallback to mouse events
-           var _pointerPrefix = 'PointerEvent' in window ? 'pointer' : 'mouse';
+       function transition_ease (value) {
+         var id = this._id;
+         return arguments.length ? this.each(easeConstant(id, value)) : get$1(this.node(), id).ease;
+       }
 
+       function easeVarying(id, value) {
+         return function () {
+           var v = value.apply(this, arguments);
+           if (typeof v !== "function") throw new Error();
+           set(this, id).ease = v;
+         };
+       }
 
-           // related code
-           // - `mode/drag_node.js` `datum()`
-           function datum() {
-               var mode = context.mode();
-               var isNote = mode && (mode.id.indexOf('note') !== -1);
-               if (event.altKey || isNote) return {};
+       function transition_easeVarying (value) {
+         if (typeof value !== "function") throw new Error();
+         return this.each(easeVarying(this._id, value));
+       }
 
-               var element;
-               if (event.type === 'keydown') {
-                   element = _lastMouse && _lastMouse.target;
-               } else {
-                   element = event.target;
-               }
+       function transition_filter (match) {
+         if (typeof match !== "function") match = matcher(match);
 
-               // When drawing, snap only to touch targets..
-               // (this excludes area fills and active drawing elements)
-               var d = element.__data__;
-               return (d && d.properties && d.properties.target) ? d : {};
+         for (var groups = this._groups, m = groups.length, subgroups = new Array(m), j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
+           for (var group = groups[j], n = group.length, subgroup = subgroups[j] = [], node, i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+             if ((node = group[i]) && match.call(node, node.__data__, i, group)) {
+               subgroup.push(node);
+             }
            }
+         }
 
-           function pointerdown() {
-
-               if (_downPointer) return;
+         return new Transition(subgroups, this._parents, this._name, this._id);
+       }
 
-               var pointerLocGetter = utilFastMouse(this);
-               _downPointer = {
-                   id: event.pointerId || 'mouse',
-                   pointerLocGetter: pointerLocGetter,
-                   downTime: +new Date(),
-                   downLoc: pointerLocGetter(event)
-               };
+       function transition_merge (transition) {
+         if (transition._id !== this._id) throw new Error();
 
-               dispatch$1.call('down', this, datum());
+         for (var groups0 = this._groups, groups1 = transition._groups, m0 = groups0.length, m1 = groups1.length, m = Math.min(m0, m1), merges = new Array(m0), j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
+           for (var group0 = groups0[j], group1 = groups1[j], n = group0.length, merge = merges[j] = new Array(n), node, i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+             if (node = group0[i] || group1[i]) {
+               merge[i] = node;
+             }
            }
+         }
 
-           function pointerup() {
-
-               if (!_downPointer || _downPointer.id !== (event.pointerId || 'mouse')) return;
-
-               var downPointer = _downPointer;
-               _downPointer = null;
+         for (; j < m0; ++j) {
+           merges[j] = groups0[j];
+         }
 
-               _lastPointerUpEvent = event;
+         return new Transition(merges, this._parents, this._name, this._id);
+       }
 
-               if (downPointer.isCancelled) return;
+       function start(name) {
+         return (name + "").trim().split(/^|\s+/).every(function (t) {
+           var i = t.indexOf(".");
+           if (i >= 0) t = t.slice(0, i);
+           return !t || t === "start";
+         });
+       }
 
-               var t2 = +new Date();
-               var p2 = downPointer.pointerLocGetter(event);
-               var dist = geoVecLength(downPointer.downLoc, p2);
+       function onFunction(id, name, listener) {
+         var on0,
+             on1,
+             sit = start(name) ? init : set;
+         return function () {
+           var schedule = sit(this, id),
+               on = schedule.on; // If this node shared a dispatch with the previous node,
+           // just assign the updated shared dispatch and we’re done!
+           // Otherwise, copy-on-write.
 
-               if (dist < _closeTolerance || (dist < _tolerance && (t2 - downPointer.downTime) < 500)) {
-                   // Prevent a quick second click
-                   select(window).on('click.draw-block', function() {
-                       event.stopPropagation();
-                   }, true);
+           if (on !== on0) (on1 = (on0 = on).copy()).on(name, listener);
+           schedule.on = on1;
+         };
+       }
 
-                   context.map().dblclickZoomEnable(false);
+       function transition_on (name, listener) {
+         var id = this._id;
+         return arguments.length < 2 ? get$1(this.node(), id).on.on(name) : this.each(onFunction(id, name, listener));
+       }
 
-                   window.setTimeout(function() {
-                       context.map().dblclickZoomEnable(true);
-                       select(window).on('click.draw-block', null);
-                   }, 500);
+       function removeFunction(id) {
+         return function () {
+           var parent = this.parentNode;
 
-                   click(p2);
-               }
+           for (var i in this.__transition) {
+             if (+i !== id) return;
            }
 
-           function pointermove() {
-               if (_downPointer &&
-                   _downPointer.id === (event.pointerId || 'mouse') &&
-                   !_downPointer.isCancelled) {
-                   var p2 = _downPointer.pointerLocGetter(event);
-                   var dist = geoVecLength(_downPointer.downLoc, p2);
-                   if (dist >= _closeTolerance) {
-                       _downPointer.isCancelled = true;
-                       dispatch$1.call('downcancel', this);
-                   }
-               }
+           if (parent) parent.removeChild(this);
+         };
+       }
 
-               if ((event.pointerType && event.pointerType !== 'mouse') ||
-                   event.buttons ||
-                   _downPointer) return;
+       function transition_remove () {
+         return this.on("end.remove", removeFunction(this._id));
+       }
 
-               // HACK: Mobile Safari likes to send one or more `mouse` type pointermove
-               // events immediately after non-mouse pointerup events; detect and ignore them.
-               if (_lastPointerUpEvent &&
-                   _lastPointerUpEvent.pointerType !== 'mouse' &&
-                   event.timeStamp - _lastPointerUpEvent.timeStamp < 100) return;
+       function transition_select (select) {
+         var name = this._name,
+             id = this._id;
+         if (typeof select !== "function") select = selector(select);
 
-               _lastMouse = event;
-               dispatch$1.call('move', this, datum());
+         for (var groups = this._groups, m = groups.length, subgroups = new Array(m), j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
+           for (var group = groups[j], n = group.length, subgroup = subgroups[j] = new Array(n), node, subnode, i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+             if ((node = group[i]) && (subnode = select.call(node, node.__data__, i, group))) {
+               if ("__data__" in node) subnode.__data__ = node.__data__;
+               subgroup[i] = subnode;
+               schedule(subgroup[i], name, id, i, subgroup, get$1(node, id));
+             }
            }
+         }
+
+         return new Transition(subgroups, this._parents, name, id);
+       }
 
-           function pointercancel() {
-               if (_downPointer &&
-                   _downPointer.id === (event.pointerId || 'mouse')) {
+       function transition_selectAll (select) {
+         var name = this._name,
+             id = this._id;
+         if (typeof select !== "function") select = selectorAll(select);
 
-                   if (!_downPointer.isCancelled) {
-                       dispatch$1.call('downcancel', this);
-                   }
-                   _downPointer = null;
+         for (var groups = this._groups, m = groups.length, subgroups = [], parents = [], j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
+           for (var group = groups[j], n = group.length, node, i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+             if (node = group[i]) {
+               for (var children = select.call(node, node.__data__, i, group), child, inherit = get$1(node, id), k = 0, l = children.length; k < l; ++k) {
+                 if (child = children[k]) {
+                   schedule(child, name, id, k, children, inherit);
+                 }
                }
-           }
 
-           function mouseenter() {
-               _mouseLeave = false;
+               subgroups.push(children);
+               parents.push(node);
+             }
            }
+         }
 
-           function mouseleave() {
-               _mouseLeave = true;
-           }
+         return new Transition(subgroups, parents, name, id);
+       }
 
-           function allowsVertex(d) {
-               return d.geometry(context.graph()) === 'vertex' || _mainPresetIndex.allowsVertex(d, context.graph());
-           }
+       var Selection = selection.prototype.constructor;
+       function transition_selection () {
+         return new Selection(this._groups, this._parents);
+       }
 
-           // related code
-           // - `mode/drag_node.js`     `doMove()`
-           // - `behavior/draw.js`      `click()`
-           // - `behavior/draw_way.js`  `move()`
-           function click(loc) {
-               var d = datum();
-               var target = d && d.properties && d.properties.entity;
+       function styleNull(name, interpolate) {
+         var string00, string10, interpolate0;
+         return function () {
+           var string0 = styleValue(this, name),
+               string1 = (this.style.removeProperty(name), styleValue(this, name));
+           return string0 === string1 ? null : string0 === string00 && string1 === string10 ? interpolate0 : interpolate0 = interpolate(string00 = string0, string10 = string1);
+         };
+       }
 
-               var mode = context.mode();
+       function styleRemove(name) {
+         return function () {
+           this.style.removeProperty(name);
+         };
+       }
 
-               if (target && target.type === 'node' && allowsVertex(target)) {   // Snap to a node
-                   dispatch$1.call('clickNode', this, target, d);
-                   return;
+       function styleConstant(name, interpolate, value1) {
+         var string00,
+             string1 = value1 + "",
+             interpolate0;
+         return function () {
+           var string0 = styleValue(this, name);
+           return string0 === string1 ? null : string0 === string00 ? interpolate0 : interpolate0 = interpolate(string00 = string0, value1);
+         };
+       }
 
-               } else if (target && target.type === 'way' && (mode.id !== 'add-point' || mode.preset.matchGeometry('vertex'))) {   // Snap to a way
-                   var choice = geoChooseEdge(
-                       context.graph().childNodes(target), loc, context.projection, context.activeID()
-                   );
-                   if (choice) {
-                       var edge = [target.nodes[choice.index - 1], target.nodes[choice.index]];
-                       dispatch$1.call('clickWay', this, choice.loc, edge, d);
-                       return;
-                   }
-               } else if (mode.id !== 'add-point' || mode.preset.matchGeometry('point')) {
-                   var locLatLng = context.projection.invert(loc);
-                   dispatch$1.call('click', this, locLatLng, d);
-               }
+       function styleFunction(name, interpolate, value) {
+         var string00, string10, interpolate0;
+         return function () {
+           var string0 = styleValue(this, name),
+               value1 = value(this),
+               string1 = value1 + "";
+           if (value1 == null) string1 = value1 = (this.style.removeProperty(name), styleValue(this, name));
+           return string0 === string1 ? null : string0 === string00 && string1 === string10 ? interpolate0 : (string10 = string1, interpolate0 = interpolate(string00 = string0, value1));
+         };
+       }
 
-           }
+       function styleMaybeRemove(id, name) {
+         var on0,
+             on1,
+             listener0,
+             key = "style." + name,
+             event = "end." + key,
+             remove;
+         return function () {
+           var schedule = set(this, id),
+               on = schedule.on,
+               listener = schedule.value[key] == null ? remove || (remove = styleRemove(name)) : undefined; // If this node shared a dispatch with the previous node,
+           // just assign the updated shared dispatch and we’re done!
+           // Otherwise, copy-on-write.
+
+           if (on !== on0 || listener0 !== listener) (on1 = (on0 = on).copy()).on(event, listener0 = listener);
+           schedule.on = on1;
+         };
+       }
 
-           // treat a spacebar press like a click
-           function space() {
-               event.preventDefault();
-               event.stopPropagation();
+       function transition_style (name, value, priority) {
+         var i = (name += "") === "transform" ? interpolateTransformCss : interpolate;
+         return value == null ? this.styleTween(name, styleNull(name, i)).on("end.style." + name, styleRemove(name)) : typeof value === "function" ? this.styleTween(name, styleFunction(name, i, tweenValue(this, "style." + name, value))).each(styleMaybeRemove(this._id, name)) : this.styleTween(name, styleConstant(name, i, value), priority).on("end.style." + name, null);
+       }
 
-               var currSpace = context.map().mouse();
-               if (_disableSpace && _lastSpace) {
-                   var dist = geoVecLength(_lastSpace, currSpace);
-                   if (dist > _tolerance) {
-                       _disableSpace = false;
-                   }
-               }
+       function styleInterpolate(name, i, priority) {
+         return function (t) {
+           this.style.setProperty(name, i.call(this, t), priority);
+         };
+       }
 
-               if (_disableSpace || _mouseLeave || !_lastMouse) return;
+       function styleTween(name, value, priority) {
+         var t, i0;
 
-               // user must move mouse or release space bar to allow another click
-               _lastSpace = currSpace;
-               _disableSpace = true;
+         function tween() {
+           var i = value.apply(this, arguments);
+           if (i !== i0) t = (i0 = i) && styleInterpolate(name, i, priority);
+           return t;
+         }
 
-               select(window).on('keyup.space-block', function() {
-                   event.preventDefault();
-                   event.stopPropagation();
-                   _disableSpace = false;
-                   select(window).on('keyup.space-block', null);
-               });
+         tween._value = value;
+         return tween;
+       }
 
-               // get the current mouse position
-               var loc = context.map().mouse() ||
-                   // or the map center if the mouse has never entered the map
-                   context.projection(context.map().center());
-               click(loc);
-           }
+       function transition_styleTween (name, value, priority) {
+         var key = "style." + (name += "");
+         if (arguments.length < 2) return (key = this.tween(key)) && key._value;
+         if (value == null) return this.tween(key, null);
+         if (typeof value !== "function") throw new Error();
+         return this.tween(key, styleTween(name, value, priority == null ? "" : priority));
+       }
 
+       function textConstant(value) {
+         return function () {
+           this.textContent = value;
+         };
+       }
 
-           function backspace() {
-               event.preventDefault();
-               dispatch$1.call('undo');
-           }
+       function textFunction(value) {
+         return function () {
+           var value1 = value(this);
+           this.textContent = value1 == null ? "" : value1;
+         };
+       }
 
+       function transition_text (value) {
+         return this.tween("text", typeof value === "function" ? textFunction(tweenValue(this, "text", value)) : textConstant(value == null ? "" : value + ""));
+       }
 
-           function del() {
-               event.preventDefault();
-               dispatch$1.call('cancel');
-           }
+       function textInterpolate(i) {
+         return function (t) {
+           this.textContent = i.call(this, t);
+         };
+       }
 
+       function textTween(value) {
+         var t0, i0;
 
-           function ret() {
-               event.preventDefault();
-               dispatch$1.call('finish');
-           }
+         function tween() {
+           var i = value.apply(this, arguments);
+           if (i !== i0) t0 = (i0 = i) && textInterpolate(i);
+           return t0;
+         }
 
+         tween._value = value;
+         return tween;
+       }
 
-           function behavior(selection) {
-               context.install(_hover);
-               context.install(_edit);
+       function transition_textTween (value) {
+         var key = "text";
+         if (arguments.length < 1) return (key = this.tween(key)) && key._value;
+         if (value == null) return this.tween(key, null);
+         if (typeof value !== "function") throw new Error();
+         return this.tween(key, textTween(value));
+       }
 
-               _downPointer = null;
+       function transition_transition () {
+         var name = this._name,
+             id0 = this._id,
+             id1 = newId();
 
-               keybinding
-                   .on('⌫', backspace)
-                   .on('⌦', del)
-                   .on('⎋', ret)
-                   .on('↩', ret)
-                   .on('space', space)
-                   .on('⌥space', space);
+         for (var groups = this._groups, m = groups.length, j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
+           for (var group = groups[j], n = group.length, node, i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+             if (node = group[i]) {
+               var inherit = get$1(node, id0);
+               schedule(node, name, id1, i, group, {
+                 time: inherit.time + inherit.delay + inherit.duration,
+                 delay: 0,
+                 duration: inherit.duration,
+                 ease: inherit.ease
+               });
+             }
+           }
+         }
 
-               selection
-                   .on('mouseenter.draw', mouseenter)
-                   .on('mouseleave.draw', mouseleave)
-                   .on(_pointerPrefix + 'down.draw', pointerdown)
-                   .on(_pointerPrefix + 'move.draw', pointermove);
+         return new Transition(groups, this._parents, name, id1);
+       }
 
-               select(window)
-                   .on(_pointerPrefix + 'up.draw', pointerup, true)
-                   .on('pointercancel.draw', pointercancel, true);
+       function transition_end () {
+         var on0,
+             on1,
+             that = this,
+             id = that._id,
+             size = that.size();
+         return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
+           var cancel = {
+             value: reject
+           },
+               end = {
+             value: function value() {
+               if (--size === 0) resolve();
+             }
+           };
+           that.each(function () {
+             var schedule = set(this, id),
+                 on = schedule.on; // If this node shared a dispatch with the previous node,
+             // just assign the updated shared dispatch and we’re done!
+             // Otherwise, copy-on-write.
 
-               select(document)
-                   .call(keybinding);
+             if (on !== on0) {
+               on1 = (on0 = on).copy();
 
-               return behavior;
-           }
+               on1._.cancel.push(cancel);
 
+               on1._.interrupt.push(cancel);
 
-           behavior.off = function(selection) {
-               context.ui().sidebar.hover.cancel();
-               context.uninstall(_hover);
-               context.uninstall(_edit);
+               on1._.end.push(end);
+             }
 
-               selection
-                   .on('mouseenter.draw', null)
-                   .on('mouseleave.draw', null)
-                   .on(_pointerPrefix + 'down.draw', null)
-                   .on(_pointerPrefix + 'move.draw', null);
+             schedule.on = on1;
+           }); // The selection was empty, resolve end immediately
 
-               select(window)
-                   .on(_pointerPrefix + 'up.draw', null)
-                   .on('pointercancel.draw', null);
-                   // note: keyup.space-block, click.draw-block should remain
+           if (size === 0) resolve();
+         });
+       }
 
-               select(document)
-                   .call(keybinding.unbind);
-           };
+       var id = 0;
+       function Transition(groups, parents, name, id) {
+         this._groups = groups;
+         this._parents = parents;
+         this._name = name;
+         this._id = id;
+       }
+       function newId() {
+         return ++id;
+       }
+       var selection_prototype = selection.prototype;
+       Transition.prototype = _defineProperty({
+         constructor: Transition,
+         select: transition_select,
+         selectAll: transition_selectAll,
+         filter: transition_filter,
+         merge: transition_merge,
+         selection: transition_selection,
+         transition: transition_transition,
+         call: selection_prototype.call,
+         nodes: selection_prototype.nodes,
+         node: selection_prototype.node,
+         size: selection_prototype.size,
+         empty: selection_prototype.empty,
+         each: selection_prototype.each,
+         on: transition_on,
+         attr: transition_attr,
+         attrTween: transition_attrTween,
+         style: transition_style,
+         styleTween: transition_styleTween,
+         text: transition_text,
+         textTween: transition_textTween,
+         remove: transition_remove,
+         tween: transition_tween,
+         delay: transition_delay,
+         duration: transition_duration,
+         ease: transition_ease,
+         easeVarying: transition_easeVarying,
+         end: transition_end
+       }, Symbol.iterator, selection_prototype[Symbol.iterator]);
+
+       var linear$1 = function linear(t) {
+         return +t;
+       };
 
+       function cubicInOut(t) {
+         return ((t *= 2) <= 1 ? t * t * t : (t -= 2) * t * t + 2) / 2;
+       }
 
-           behavior.hover = function() {
-               return _hover;
-           };
+       var defaultTiming = {
+         time: null,
+         // Set on use.
+         delay: 0,
+         duration: 250,
+         ease: cubicInOut
+       };
+
+       function inherit(node, id) {
+         var timing;
 
+         while (!(timing = node.__transition) || !(timing = timing[id])) {
+           if (!(node = node.parentNode)) {
+             throw new Error("transition ".concat(id, " not found"));
+           }
+         }
 
-           return utilRebind(behavior, dispatch$1, 'on');
+         return timing;
        }
 
-       function initRange(domain, range) {
-         switch (arguments.length) {
-           case 0: break;
-           case 1: this.range(domain); break;
-           default: this.range(range).domain(domain); break;
+       function selection_transition (name) {
+         var id, timing;
+
+         if (name instanceof Transition) {
+           id = name._id, name = name._name;
+         } else {
+           id = newId(), (timing = defaultTiming).time = now$1(), name = name == null ? null : name + "";
          }
-         return this;
+
+         for (var groups = this._groups, m = groups.length, j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
+           for (var group = groups[j], n = group.length, node, i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+             if (node = group[i]) {
+               schedule(node, name, id, i, group, timing || inherit(node, id));
+             }
+           }
+         }
+
+         return new Transition(groups, this._parents, name, id);
        }
 
-       var prefix = "$";
+       selection.prototype.interrupt = selection_interrupt;
+       selection.prototype.transition = selection_transition;
+
+       var constant = (function (x) {
+         return function () {
+           return x;
+         };
+       });
 
-       function Map$1() {}
+       function ZoomEvent(type, _ref) {
+         var sourceEvent = _ref.sourceEvent,
+             target = _ref.target,
+             transform = _ref.transform,
+             dispatch = _ref.dispatch;
+         Object.defineProperties(this, {
+           type: {
+             value: type,
+             enumerable: true,
+             configurable: true
+           },
+           sourceEvent: {
+             value: sourceEvent,
+             enumerable: true,
+             configurable: true
+           },
+           target: {
+             value: target,
+             enumerable: true,
+             configurable: true
+           },
+           transform: {
+             value: transform,
+             enumerable: true,
+             configurable: true
+           },
+           _: {
+             value: dispatch
+           }
+         });
+       }
 
-       Map$1.prototype = map$2.prototype = {
-         constructor: Map$1,
-         has: function(key) {
-           return (prefix + key) in this;
+       function Transform(k, x, y) {
+         this.k = k;
+         this.x = x;
+         this.y = y;
+       }
+       Transform.prototype = {
+         constructor: Transform,
+         scale: function scale(k) {
+           return k === 1 ? this : new Transform(this.k * k, this.x, this.y);
          },
-         get: function(key) {
-           return this[prefix + key];
+         translate: function translate(x, y) {
+           return x === 0 & y === 0 ? this : new Transform(this.k, this.x + this.k * x, this.y + this.k * y);
          },
-         set: function(key, value) {
-           this[prefix + key] = value;
-           return this;
+         apply: function apply(point) {
+           return [point[0] * this.k + this.x, point[1] * this.k + this.y];
          },
-         remove: function(key) {
-           var property = prefix + key;
-           return property in this && delete this[property];
+         applyX: function applyX(x) {
+           return x * this.k + this.x;
          },
-         clear: function() {
-           for (var property in this) if (property[0] === prefix) delete this[property];
+         applyY: function applyY(y) {
+           return y * this.k + this.y;
          },
-         keys: function() {
-           var keys = [];
-           for (var property in this) if (property[0] === prefix) keys.push(property.slice(1));
-           return keys;
+         invert: function invert(location) {
+           return [(location[0] - this.x) / this.k, (location[1] - this.y) / this.k];
          },
-         values: function() {
-           var values = [];
-           for (var property in this) if (property[0] === prefix) values.push(this[property]);
-           return values;
+         invertX: function invertX(x) {
+           return (x - this.x) / this.k;
          },
-         entries: function() {
-           var entries = [];
-           for (var property in this) if (property[0] === prefix) entries.push({key: property.slice(1), value: this[property]});
-           return entries;
+         invertY: function invertY(y) {
+           return (y - this.y) / this.k;
          },
-         size: function() {
-           var size = 0;
-           for (var property in this) if (property[0] === prefix) ++size;
-           return size;
+         rescaleX: function rescaleX(x) {
+           return x.copy().domain(x.range().map(this.invertX, this).map(x.invert, x));
          },
-         empty: function() {
-           for (var property in this) if (property[0] === prefix) return false;
-           return true;
+         rescaleY: function rescaleY(y) {
+           return y.copy().domain(y.range().map(this.invertY, this).map(y.invert, y));
          },
-         each: function(f) {
-           for (var property in this) if (property[0] === prefix) f(this[property], property.slice(1), this);
+         toString: function toString() {
+           return "translate(" + this.x + "," + this.y + ") scale(" + this.k + ")";
          }
        };
+       var identity$2 = new Transform(1, 0, 0);
 
-       function map$2(object, f) {
-         var map = new Map$1;
-
-         // Copy constructor.
-         if (object instanceof Map$1) object.each(function(value, key) { map.set(key, value); });
-
-         // Index array by numeric index or specified key function.
-         else if (Array.isArray(object)) {
-           var i = -1,
-               n = object.length,
-               o;
-
-           if (f == null) while (++i < n) map.set(i, object[i]);
-           else while (++i < n) map.set(f(o = object[i], i, object), o);
-         }
-
-         // Convert object to map.
-         else if (object) for (var key in object) map.set(key, object[key]);
-
-         return map;
+       function nopropagation(event) {
+         event.stopImmediatePropagation();
+       }
+       function noevent (event) {
+         event.preventDefault();
+         event.stopImmediatePropagation();
        }
 
-       function Set$1() {}
+       // except for pinch-to-zoom, which is sent as a wheel+ctrlKey event
 
-       var proto = map$2.prototype;
+       function defaultFilter$1(event) {
+         return (!event.ctrlKey || event.type === 'wheel') && !event.button;
+       }
 
-       Set$1.prototype = set$2.prototype = {
-         constructor: Set$1,
-         has: proto.has,
-         add: function(value) {
-           value += "";
-           this[prefix + value] = value;
-           return this;
-         },
-         remove: proto.remove,
-         clear: proto.clear,
-         values: proto.keys,
-         size: proto.size,
-         empty: proto.empty,
-         each: proto.each
-       };
+       function defaultExtent$1() {
+         var e = this;
 
-       function set$2(object, f) {
-         var set = new Set$1;
+         if (e instanceof SVGElement) {
+           e = e.ownerSVGElement || e;
 
-         // Copy constructor.
-         if (object instanceof Set$1) object.each(function(value) { set.add(value); });
+           if (e.hasAttribute("viewBox")) {
+             e = e.viewBox.baseVal;
+             return [[e.x, e.y], [e.x + e.width, e.y + e.height]];
+           }
 
-         // Otherwise, assume it’s an array.
-         else if (object) {
-           var i = -1, n = object.length;
-           if (f == null) while (++i < n) set.add(object[i]);
-           else while (++i < n) set.add(f(object[i], i, object));
+           return [[0, 0], [e.width.baseVal.value, e.height.baseVal.value]];
          }
 
-         return set;
+         return [[0, 0], [e.clientWidth, e.clientHeight]];
        }
 
-       var array$1 = Array.prototype;
+       function defaultTransform() {
+         return this.__zoom || identity$2;
+       }
 
-       var map$3 = array$1.map;
-       var slice$4 = array$1.slice;
+       function defaultWheelDelta$1(event) {
+         return -event.deltaY * (event.deltaMode === 1 ? 0.05 : event.deltaMode ? 1 : 0.002) * (event.ctrlKey ? 10 : 1);
+       }
 
-       function constant$4(x) {
-         return function() {
-           return x;
-         };
+       function defaultTouchable() {
+         return navigator.maxTouchPoints || "ontouchstart" in this;
        }
 
-       function number$1(x) {
-         return +x;
+       function defaultConstrain$1(transform, extent, translateExtent) {
+         var dx0 = transform.invertX(extent[0][0]) - translateExtent[0][0],
+             dx1 = transform.invertX(extent[1][0]) - translateExtent[1][0],
+             dy0 = transform.invertY(extent[0][1]) - translateExtent[0][1],
+             dy1 = transform.invertY(extent[1][1]) - translateExtent[1][1];
+         return transform.translate(dx1 > dx0 ? (dx0 + dx1) / 2 : Math.min(0, dx0) || Math.max(0, dx1), dy1 > dy0 ? (dy0 + dy1) / 2 : Math.min(0, dy0) || Math.max(0, dy1));
        }
 
-       var unit = [0, 1];
+       function d3_zoom () {
+         var filter = defaultFilter$1,
+             extent = defaultExtent$1,
+             constrain = defaultConstrain$1,
+             wheelDelta = defaultWheelDelta$1,
+             touchable = defaultTouchable,
+             scaleExtent = [0, Infinity],
+             translateExtent = [[-Infinity, -Infinity], [Infinity, Infinity]],
+             duration = 250,
+             interpolate = interpolateZoom,
+             listeners = dispatch$8("start", "zoom", "end"),
+             touchstarting,
+             touchfirst,
+             touchending,
+             touchDelay = 500,
+             wheelDelay = 150,
+             clickDistance2 = 0,
+             tapDistance = 10;
 
-       function identity$3(x) {
-         return x;
-       }
+         function zoom(selection) {
+           selection.property("__zoom", defaultTransform).on("wheel.zoom", wheeled).on("mousedown.zoom", mousedowned).on("dblclick.zoom", dblclicked).filter(touchable).on("touchstart.zoom", touchstarted).on("touchmove.zoom", touchmoved).on("touchend.zoom touchcancel.zoom", touchended).style("-webkit-tap-highlight-color", "rgba(0,0,0,0)");
+         }
 
-       function normalize(a, b) {
-         return (b -= (a = +a))
-             ? function(x) { return (x - a) / b; }
-             : constant$4(isNaN(b) ? NaN : 0.5);
-       }
+         zoom.transform = function (collection, transform, point, event) {
+           var selection = collection.selection ? collection.selection() : collection;
+           selection.property("__zoom", defaultTransform);
 
-       function clamper(domain) {
-         var a = domain[0], b = domain[domain.length - 1], t;
-         if (a > b) t = a, a = b, b = t;
-         return function(x) { return Math.max(a, Math.min(b, x)); };
-       }
+           if (collection !== selection) {
+             schedule(collection, transform, point, event);
+           } else {
+             selection.interrupt().each(function () {
+               gesture(this, arguments).event(event).start().zoom(null, typeof transform === "function" ? transform.apply(this, arguments) : transform).end();
+             });
+           }
+         };
 
-       // normalize(a, b)(x) takes a domain value x in [a,b] and returns the corresponding parameter t in [0,1].
-       // interpolate(a, b)(t) takes a parameter t in [0,1] and returns the corresponding range value x in [a,b].
-       function bimap(domain, range, interpolate) {
-         var d0 = domain[0], d1 = domain[1], r0 = range[0], r1 = range[1];
-         if (d1 < d0) d0 = normalize(d1, d0), r0 = interpolate(r1, r0);
-         else d0 = normalize(d0, d1), r0 = interpolate(r0, r1);
-         return function(x) { return r0(d0(x)); };
-       }
+         zoom.scaleBy = function (selection, k, p, event) {
+           zoom.scaleTo(selection, function () {
+             var k0 = this.__zoom.k,
+                 k1 = typeof k === "function" ? k.apply(this, arguments) : k;
+             return k0 * k1;
+           }, p, event);
+         };
 
-       function polymap(domain, range, interpolate) {
-         var j = Math.min(domain.length, range.length) - 1,
-             d = new Array(j),
-             r = new Array(j),
-             i = -1;
+         zoom.scaleTo = function (selection, k, p, event) {
+           zoom.transform(selection, function () {
+             var e = extent.apply(this, arguments),
+                 t0 = this.__zoom,
+                 p0 = p == null ? centroid(e) : typeof p === "function" ? p.apply(this, arguments) : p,
+                 p1 = t0.invert(p0),
+                 k1 = typeof k === "function" ? k.apply(this, arguments) : k;
+             return constrain(translate(scale(t0, k1), p0, p1), e, translateExtent);
+           }, p, event);
+         };
 
-         // Reverse descending domains.
-         if (domain[j] < domain[0]) {
-           domain = domain.slice().reverse();
-           range = range.slice().reverse();
-         }
+         zoom.translateBy = function (selection, x, y, event) {
+           zoom.transform(selection, function () {
+             return constrain(this.__zoom.translate(typeof x === "function" ? x.apply(this, arguments) : x, typeof y === "function" ? y.apply(this, arguments) : y), extent.apply(this, arguments), translateExtent);
+           }, null, event);
+         };
 
-         while (++i < j) {
-           d[i] = normalize(domain[i], domain[i + 1]);
-           r[i] = interpolate(range[i], range[i + 1]);
+         zoom.translateTo = function (selection, x, y, p, event) {
+           zoom.transform(selection, function () {
+             var e = extent.apply(this, arguments),
+                 t = this.__zoom,
+                 p0 = p == null ? centroid(e) : typeof p === "function" ? p.apply(this, arguments) : p;
+             return constrain(identity$2.translate(p0[0], p0[1]).scale(t.k).translate(typeof x === "function" ? -x.apply(this, arguments) : -x, typeof y === "function" ? -y.apply(this, arguments) : -y), e, translateExtent);
+           }, p, event);
+         };
+
+         function scale(transform, k) {
+           k = Math.max(scaleExtent[0], Math.min(scaleExtent[1], k));
+           return k === transform.k ? transform : new Transform(k, transform.x, transform.y);
          }
 
-         return function(x) {
-           var i = bisectRight(domain, x, 1, j) - 1;
-           return r[i](d[i](x));
-         };
-       }
+         function translate(transform, p0, p1) {
+           var x = p0[0] - p1[0] * transform.k,
+               y = p0[1] - p1[1] * transform.k;
+           return x === transform.x && y === transform.y ? transform : new Transform(transform.k, x, y);
+         }
 
-       function copy$1(source, target) {
-         return target
-             .domain(source.domain())
-             .range(source.range())
-             .interpolate(source.interpolate())
-             .clamp(source.clamp())
-             .unknown(source.unknown());
-       }
+         function centroid(extent) {
+           return [(+extent[0][0] + +extent[1][0]) / 2, (+extent[0][1] + +extent[1][1]) / 2];
+         }
 
-       function transformer$1() {
-         var domain = unit,
-             range = unit,
-             interpolate$1 = interpolate,
-             transform,
-             untransform,
-             unknown,
-             clamp = identity$3,
-             piecewise,
-             output,
-             input;
+         function schedule(transition, transform, point, event) {
+           transition.on("start.zoom", function () {
+             gesture(this, arguments).event(event).start();
+           }).on("interrupt.zoom end.zoom", function () {
+             gesture(this, arguments).event(event).end();
+           }).tween("zoom", function () {
+             var that = this,
+                 args = arguments,
+                 g = gesture(that, args).event(event),
+                 e = extent.apply(that, args),
+                 p = point == null ? centroid(e) : typeof point === "function" ? point.apply(that, args) : point,
+                 w = Math.max(e[1][0] - e[0][0], e[1][1] - e[0][1]),
+                 a = that.__zoom,
+                 b = typeof transform === "function" ? transform.apply(that, args) : transform,
+                 i = interpolate(a.invert(p).concat(w / a.k), b.invert(p).concat(w / b.k));
+             return function (t) {
+               if (t === 1) t = b; // Avoid rounding error on end.
+               else {
+                   var l = i(t),
+                       k = w / l[2];
+                   t = new Transform(k, p[0] - l[0] * k, p[1] - l[1] * k);
+                 }
+               g.zoom(null, t);
+             };
+           });
+         }
 
-         function rescale() {
-           piecewise = Math.min(domain.length, range.length) > 2 ? polymap : bimap;
-           output = input = null;
-           return scale;
+         function gesture(that, args, clean) {
+           return !clean && that.__zooming || new Gesture(that, args);
          }
 
-         function scale(x) {
-           return isNaN(x = +x) ? unknown : (output || (output = piecewise(domain.map(transform), range, interpolate$1)))(transform(clamp(x)));
+         function Gesture(that, args) {
+           this.that = that;
+           this.args = args;
+           this.active = 0;
+           this.sourceEvent = null;
+           this.extent = extent.apply(that, args);
+           this.taps = 0;
          }
 
-         scale.invert = function(y) {
-           return clamp(untransform((input || (input = piecewise(range, domain.map(transform), d3_interpolateNumber)))(y)));
-         };
+         Gesture.prototype = {
+           event: function event(_event) {
+             if (_event) this.sourceEvent = _event;
+             return this;
+           },
+           start: function start() {
+             if (++this.active === 1) {
+               this.that.__zooming = this;
+               this.emit("start");
+             }
 
-         scale.domain = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (domain = map$3.call(_, number$1), clamp === identity$3 || (clamp = clamper(domain)), rescale()) : domain.slice();
-         };
+             return this;
+           },
+           zoom: function zoom(key, transform) {
+             if (this.mouse && key !== "mouse") this.mouse[1] = transform.invert(this.mouse[0]);
+             if (this.touch0 && key !== "touch") this.touch0[1] = transform.invert(this.touch0[0]);
+             if (this.touch1 && key !== "touch") this.touch1[1] = transform.invert(this.touch1[0]);
+             this.that.__zoom = transform;
+             this.emit("zoom");
+             return this;
+           },
+           end: function end() {
+             if (--this.active === 0) {
+               delete this.that.__zooming;
+               this.emit("end");
+             }
 
-         scale.range = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (range = slice$4.call(_), rescale()) : range.slice();
+             return this;
+           },
+           emit: function emit(type) {
+             var d = select(this.that).datum();
+             listeners.call(type, this.that, new ZoomEvent(type, {
+               sourceEvent: this.sourceEvent,
+               target: zoom,
+               type: type,
+               transform: this.that.__zoom,
+               dispatch: listeners
+             }), d);
+           }
          };
 
-         scale.rangeRound = function(_) {
-           return range = slice$4.call(_), interpolate$1 = interpolateRound, rescale();
-         };
+         function wheeled(event) {
+           for (var _len = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len > 1 ? _len - 1 : 0), _key = 1; _key < _len; _key++) {
+             args[_key - 1] = arguments[_key];
+           }
 
-         scale.clamp = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (clamp = _ ? clamper(domain) : identity$3, scale) : clamp !== identity$3;
-         };
+           if (!filter.apply(this, arguments)) return;
+           var g = gesture(this, args).event(event),
+               t = this.__zoom,
+               k = Math.max(scaleExtent[0], Math.min(scaleExtent[1], t.k * Math.pow(2, wheelDelta.apply(this, arguments)))),
+               p = pointer(event); // If the mouse is in the same location as before, reuse it.
+           // If there were recent wheel events, reset the wheel idle timeout.
 
-         scale.interpolate = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (interpolate$1 = _, rescale()) : interpolate$1;
-         };
+           if (g.wheel) {
+             if (g.mouse[0][0] !== p[0] || g.mouse[0][1] !== p[1]) {
+               g.mouse[1] = t.invert(g.mouse[0] = p);
+             }
 
-         scale.unknown = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (unknown = _, scale) : unknown;
-         };
+             clearTimeout(g.wheel);
+           } // If this wheel event won’t trigger a transform change, ignore it.
+           else if (t.k === k) return; // Otherwise, capture the mouse point and location at the start.
+             else {
+                 g.mouse = [p, t.invert(p)];
+                 interrupt(this);
+                 g.start();
+               }
 
-         return function(t, u) {
-           transform = t, untransform = u;
-           return rescale();
-         };
-       }
+           noevent(event);
+           g.wheel = setTimeout(wheelidled, wheelDelay);
+           g.zoom("mouse", constrain(translate(scale(t, k), g.mouse[0], g.mouse[1]), g.extent, translateExtent));
 
-       function continuous(transform, untransform) {
-         return transformer$1()(transform, untransform);
-       }
+           function wheelidled() {
+             g.wheel = null;
+             g.end();
+           }
+         }
 
-       // Computes the decimal coefficient and exponent of the specified number x with
-       // significant digits p, where x is positive and p is in [1, 21] or undefined.
-       // For example, formatDecimal(1.23) returns ["123", 0].
-       function formatDecimal(x, p) {
-         if ((i = (x = p ? x.toExponential(p - 1) : x.toExponential()).indexOf("e")) < 0) return null; // NaN, ±Infinity
-         var i, coefficient = x.slice(0, i);
+         function mousedowned(event) {
+           for (var _len2 = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len2 > 1 ? _len2 - 1 : 0), _key2 = 1; _key2 < _len2; _key2++) {
+             args[_key2 - 1] = arguments[_key2];
+           }
 
-         // The string returned by toExponential either has the form \d\.\d+e[-+]\d+
-         // (e.g., 1.2e+3) or the form \de[-+]\d+ (e.g., 1e+3).
-         return [
-           coefficient.length > 1 ? coefficient[0] + coefficient.slice(2) : coefficient,
-           +x.slice(i + 1)
-         ];
-       }
+           if (touchending || !filter.apply(this, arguments)) return;
+           var g = gesture(this, args, true).event(event),
+               v = select(event.view).on("mousemove.zoom", mousemoved, true).on("mouseup.zoom", mouseupped, true),
+               p = pointer(event, currentTarget),
+               currentTarget = event.currentTarget,
+               x0 = event.clientX,
+               y0 = event.clientY;
+           dragDisable(event.view);
+           nopropagation(event);
+           g.mouse = [p, this.__zoom.invert(p)];
+           interrupt(this);
+           g.start();
 
-       function exponent(x) {
-         return x = formatDecimal(Math.abs(x)), x ? x[1] : NaN;
-       }
+           function mousemoved(event) {
+             noevent(event);
 
-       function formatGroup(grouping, thousands) {
-         return function(value, width) {
-           var i = value.length,
-               t = [],
-               j = 0,
-               g = grouping[0],
-               length = 0;
+             if (!g.moved) {
+               var dx = event.clientX - x0,
+                   dy = event.clientY - y0;
+               g.moved = dx * dx + dy * dy > clickDistance2;
+             }
 
-           while (i > 0 && g > 0) {
-             if (length + g + 1 > width) g = Math.max(1, width - length);
-             t.push(value.substring(i -= g, i + g));
-             if ((length += g + 1) > width) break;
-             g = grouping[j = (j + 1) % grouping.length];
+             g.event(event).zoom("mouse", constrain(translate(g.that.__zoom, g.mouse[0] = pointer(event, currentTarget), g.mouse[1]), g.extent, translateExtent));
            }
 
-           return t.reverse().join(thousands);
-         };
-       }
+           function mouseupped(event) {
+             v.on("mousemove.zoom mouseup.zoom", null);
+             yesdrag(event.view, g.moved);
+             noevent(event);
+             g.event(event).end();
+           }
+         }
 
-       function formatNumerals(numerals) {
-         return function(value) {
-           return value.replace(/[0-9]/g, function(i) {
-             return numerals[+i];
-           });
-         };
-       }
+         function dblclicked(event) {
+           for (var _len3 = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len3 > 1 ? _len3 - 1 : 0), _key3 = 1; _key3 < _len3; _key3++) {
+             args[_key3 - 1] = arguments[_key3];
+           }
 
-       // [[fill]align][sign][symbol][0][width][,][.precision][~][type]
-       var re = /^(?:(.)?([<>=^]))?([+\-( ])?([$#])?(0)?(\d+)?(,)?(\.\d+)?(~)?([a-z%])?$/i;
+           if (!filter.apply(this, arguments)) return;
+           var t0 = this.__zoom,
+               p0 = pointer(event.changedTouches ? event.changedTouches[0] : event, this),
+               p1 = t0.invert(p0),
+               k1 = t0.k * (event.shiftKey ? 0.5 : 2),
+               t1 = constrain(translate(scale(t0, k1), p0, p1), extent.apply(this, args), translateExtent);
+           noevent(event);
+           if (duration > 0) select(this).transition().duration(duration).call(schedule, t1, p0, event);else select(this).call(zoom.transform, t1, p0, event);
+         }
 
-       function formatSpecifier(specifier) {
-         if (!(match = re.exec(specifier))) throw new Error("invalid format: " + specifier);
-         var match;
-         return new FormatSpecifier({
-           fill: match[1],
-           align: match[2],
-           sign: match[3],
-           symbol: match[4],
-           zero: match[5],
-           width: match[6],
-           comma: match[7],
-           precision: match[8] && match[8].slice(1),
-           trim: match[9],
-           type: match[10]
-         });
-       }
+         function touchstarted(event) {
+           for (var _len4 = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len4 > 1 ? _len4 - 1 : 0), _key4 = 1; _key4 < _len4; _key4++) {
+             args[_key4 - 1] = arguments[_key4];
+           }
 
-       formatSpecifier.prototype = FormatSpecifier.prototype; // instanceof
+           if (!filter.apply(this, arguments)) return;
+           var touches = event.touches,
+               n = touches.length,
+               g = gesture(this, args, event.changedTouches.length === n).event(event),
+               started,
+               i,
+               t,
+               p;
+           nopropagation(event);
 
-       function FormatSpecifier(specifier) {
-         this.fill = specifier.fill === undefined ? " " : specifier.fill + "";
-         this.align = specifier.align === undefined ? ">" : specifier.align + "";
-         this.sign = specifier.sign === undefined ? "-" : specifier.sign + "";
-         this.symbol = specifier.symbol === undefined ? "" : specifier.symbol + "";
-         this.zero = !!specifier.zero;
-         this.width = specifier.width === undefined ? undefined : +specifier.width;
-         this.comma = !!specifier.comma;
-         this.precision = specifier.precision === undefined ? undefined : +specifier.precision;
-         this.trim = !!specifier.trim;
-         this.type = specifier.type === undefined ? "" : specifier.type + "";
-       }
+           for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+             t = touches[i], p = pointer(t, this);
+             p = [p, this.__zoom.invert(p), t.identifier];
+             if (!g.touch0) g.touch0 = p, started = true, g.taps = 1 + !!touchstarting;else if (!g.touch1 && g.touch0[2] !== p[2]) g.touch1 = p, g.taps = 0;
+           }
 
-       FormatSpecifier.prototype.toString = function() {
-         return this.fill
-             + this.align
-             + this.sign
-             + this.symbol
-             + (this.zero ? "0" : "")
-             + (this.width === undefined ? "" : Math.max(1, this.width | 0))
-             + (this.comma ? "," : "")
-             + (this.precision === undefined ? "" : "." + Math.max(0, this.precision | 0))
-             + (this.trim ? "~" : "")
-             + this.type;
-       };
+           if (touchstarting) touchstarting = clearTimeout(touchstarting);
 
-       // Trims insignificant zeros, e.g., replaces 1.2000k with 1.2k.
-       function formatTrim(s) {
-         out: for (var n = s.length, i = 1, i0 = -1, i1; i < n; ++i) {
-           switch (s[i]) {
-             case ".": i0 = i1 = i; break;
-             case "0": if (i0 === 0) i0 = i; i1 = i; break;
-             default: if (!+s[i]) break out; if (i0 > 0) i0 = 0; break;
+           if (started) {
+             if (g.taps < 2) touchfirst = p[0], touchstarting = setTimeout(function () {
+               touchstarting = null;
+             }, touchDelay);
+             interrupt(this);
+             g.start();
            }
          }
-         return i0 > 0 ? s.slice(0, i0) + s.slice(i1 + 1) : s;
-       }
 
-       var prefixExponent;
+         function touchmoved(event) {
+           if (!this.__zooming) return;
 
-       function formatPrefixAuto(x, p) {
-         var d = formatDecimal(x, p);
-         if (!d) return x + "";
-         var coefficient = d[0],
-             exponent = d[1],
-             i = exponent - (prefixExponent = Math.max(-8, Math.min(8, Math.floor(exponent / 3))) * 3) + 1,
-             n = coefficient.length;
-         return i === n ? coefficient
-             : i > n ? coefficient + new Array(i - n + 1).join("0")
-             : i > 0 ? coefficient.slice(0, i) + "." + coefficient.slice(i)
-             : "0." + new Array(1 - i).join("0") + formatDecimal(x, Math.max(0, p + i - 1))[0]; // less than 1y!
-       }
+           for (var _len5 = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len5 > 1 ? _len5 - 1 : 0), _key5 = 1; _key5 < _len5; _key5++) {
+             args[_key5 - 1] = arguments[_key5];
+           }
 
-       function formatRounded(x, p) {
-         var d = formatDecimal(x, p);
-         if (!d) return x + "";
-         var coefficient = d[0],
-             exponent = d[1];
-         return exponent < 0 ? "0." + new Array(-exponent).join("0") + coefficient
-             : coefficient.length > exponent + 1 ? coefficient.slice(0, exponent + 1) + "." + coefficient.slice(exponent + 1)
-             : coefficient + new Array(exponent - coefficient.length + 2).join("0");
-       }
+           var g = gesture(this, args).event(event),
+               touches = event.changedTouches,
+               n = touches.length,
+               i,
+               t,
+               p,
+               l;
+           noevent(event);
 
-       var formatTypes = {
-         "%": function(x, p) { return (x * 100).toFixed(p); },
-         "b": function(x) { return Math.round(x).toString(2); },
-         "c": function(x) { return x + ""; },
-         "d": function(x) { return Math.round(x).toString(10); },
-         "e": function(x, p) { return x.toExponential(p); },
-         "f": function(x, p) { return x.toFixed(p); },
-         "g": function(x, p) { return x.toPrecision(p); },
-         "o": function(x) { return Math.round(x).toString(8); },
-         "p": function(x, p) { return formatRounded(x * 100, p); },
-         "r": formatRounded,
-         "s": formatPrefixAuto,
-         "X": function(x) { return Math.round(x).toString(16).toUpperCase(); },
-         "x": function(x) { return Math.round(x).toString(16); }
-       };
+           for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+             t = touches[i], p = pointer(t, this);
+             if (g.touch0 && g.touch0[2] === t.identifier) g.touch0[0] = p;else if (g.touch1 && g.touch1[2] === t.identifier) g.touch1[0] = p;
+           }
 
-       function identity$4(x) {
-         return x;
-       }
+           t = g.that.__zoom;
 
-       var map$4 = Array.prototype.map,
-           prefixes = ["y","z","a","f","p","n","µ","m","","k","M","G","T","P","E","Z","Y"];
+           if (g.touch1) {
+             var p0 = g.touch0[0],
+                 l0 = g.touch0[1],
+                 p1 = g.touch1[0],
+                 l1 = g.touch1[1],
+                 dp = (dp = p1[0] - p0[0]) * dp + (dp = p1[1] - p0[1]) * dp,
+                 dl = (dl = l1[0] - l0[0]) * dl + (dl = l1[1] - l0[1]) * dl;
+             t = scale(t, Math.sqrt(dp / dl));
+             p = [(p0[0] + p1[0]) / 2, (p0[1] + p1[1]) / 2];
+             l = [(l0[0] + l1[0]) / 2, (l0[1] + l1[1]) / 2];
+           } else if (g.touch0) p = g.touch0[0], l = g.touch0[1];else return;
 
-       function formatLocale(locale) {
-         var group = locale.grouping === undefined || locale.thousands === undefined ? identity$4 : formatGroup(map$4.call(locale.grouping, Number), locale.thousands + ""),
-             currencyPrefix = locale.currency === undefined ? "" : locale.currency[0] + "",
-             currencySuffix = locale.currency === undefined ? "" : locale.currency[1] + "",
-             decimal = locale.decimal === undefined ? "." : locale.decimal + "",
-             numerals = locale.numerals === undefined ? identity$4 : formatNumerals(map$4.call(locale.numerals, String)),
-             percent = locale.percent === undefined ? "%" : locale.percent + "",
-             minus = locale.minus === undefined ? "-" : locale.minus + "",
-             nan = locale.nan === undefined ? "NaN" : locale.nan + "";
+           g.zoom("touch", constrain(translate(t, p, l), g.extent, translateExtent));
+         }
 
-         function newFormat(specifier) {
-           specifier = formatSpecifier(specifier);
+         function touchended(event) {
+           for (var _len6 = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len6 > 1 ? _len6 - 1 : 0), _key6 = 1; _key6 < _len6; _key6++) {
+             args[_key6 - 1] = arguments[_key6];
+           }
 
-           var fill = specifier.fill,
-               align = specifier.align,
-               sign = specifier.sign,
-               symbol = specifier.symbol,
-               zero = specifier.zero,
-               width = specifier.width,
-               comma = specifier.comma,
-               precision = specifier.precision,
-               trim = specifier.trim,
-               type = specifier.type;
+           if (!this.__zooming) return;
+           var g = gesture(this, args).event(event),
+               touches = event.changedTouches,
+               n = touches.length,
+               i,
+               t;
+           nopropagation(event);
+           if (touchending) clearTimeout(touchending);
+           touchending = setTimeout(function () {
+             touchending = null;
+           }, touchDelay);
 
-           // The "n" type is an alias for ",g".
-           if (type === "n") comma = true, type = "g";
+           for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+             t = touches[i];
+             if (g.touch0 && g.touch0[2] === t.identifier) delete g.touch0;else if (g.touch1 && g.touch1[2] === t.identifier) delete g.touch1;
+           }
 
-           // The "" type, and any invalid type, is an alias for ".12~g".
-           else if (!formatTypes[type]) precision === undefined && (precision = 12), trim = true, type = "g";
+           if (g.touch1 && !g.touch0) g.touch0 = g.touch1, delete g.touch1;
+           if (g.touch0) g.touch0[1] = this.__zoom.invert(g.touch0[0]);else {
+             g.end(); // If this was a dbltap, reroute to the (optional) dblclick.zoom handler.
 
-           // If zero fill is specified, padding goes after sign and before digits.
-           if (zero || (fill === "0" && align === "=")) zero = true, fill = "0", align = "=";
+             if (g.taps === 2) {
+               t = pointer(t, this);
 
-           // Compute the prefix and suffix.
-           // For SI-prefix, the suffix is lazily computed.
-           var prefix = symbol === "$" ? currencyPrefix : symbol === "#" && /[boxX]/.test(type) ? "0" + type.toLowerCase() : "",
-               suffix = symbol === "$" ? currencySuffix : /[%p]/.test(type) ? percent : "";
+               if (Math.hypot(touchfirst[0] - t[0], touchfirst[1] - t[1]) < tapDistance) {
+                 var p = select(this).on("dblclick.zoom");
+                 if (p) p.apply(this, arguments);
+               }
+             }
+           }
+         }
 
-           // What format function should we use?
-           // Is this an integer type?
-           // Can this type generate exponential notation?
-           var formatType = formatTypes[type],
-               maybeSuffix = /[defgprs%]/.test(type);
+         zoom.wheelDelta = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (wheelDelta = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant(+_), zoom) : wheelDelta;
+         };
 
-           // Set the default precision if not specified,
-           // or clamp the specified precision to the supported range.
-           // For significant precision, it must be in [1, 21].
-           // For fixed precision, it must be in [0, 20].
-           precision = precision === undefined ? 6
-               : /[gprs]/.test(type) ? Math.max(1, Math.min(21, precision))
-               : Math.max(0, Math.min(20, precision));
+         zoom.filter = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (filter = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant(!!_), zoom) : filter;
+         };
 
-           function format(value) {
-             var valuePrefix = prefix,
-                 valueSuffix = suffix,
-                 i, n, c;
+         zoom.touchable = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (touchable = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant(!!_), zoom) : touchable;
+         };
 
-             if (type === "c") {
-               valueSuffix = formatType(value) + valueSuffix;
-               value = "";
-             } else {
-               value = +value;
+         zoom.extent = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (extent = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant([[+_[0][0], +_[0][1]], [+_[1][0], +_[1][1]]]), zoom) : extent;
+         };
 
-               // Determine the sign. -0 is not less than 0, but 1 / -0 is!
-               var valueNegative = value < 0 || 1 / value < 0;
+         zoom.scaleExtent = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (scaleExtent[0] = +_[0], scaleExtent[1] = +_[1], zoom) : [scaleExtent[0], scaleExtent[1]];
+         };
 
-               // Perform the initial formatting.
-               value = isNaN(value) ? nan : formatType(Math.abs(value), precision);
+         zoom.translateExtent = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (translateExtent[0][0] = +_[0][0], translateExtent[1][0] = +_[1][0], translateExtent[0][1] = +_[0][1], translateExtent[1][1] = +_[1][1], zoom) : [[translateExtent[0][0], translateExtent[0][1]], [translateExtent[1][0], translateExtent[1][1]]];
+         };
 
-               // Trim insignificant zeros.
-               if (trim) value = formatTrim(value);
+         zoom.constrain = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (constrain = _, zoom) : constrain;
+         };
 
-               // If a negative value rounds to zero after formatting, and no explicit positive sign is requested, hide the sign.
-               if (valueNegative && +value === 0 && sign !== "+") valueNegative = false;
+         zoom.duration = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (duration = +_, zoom) : duration;
+         };
 
-               // Compute the prefix and suffix.
-               valuePrefix = (valueNegative ? (sign === "(" ? sign : minus) : sign === "-" || sign === "(" ? "" : sign) + valuePrefix;
-               valueSuffix = (type === "s" ? prefixes[8 + prefixExponent / 3] : "") + valueSuffix + (valueNegative && sign === "(" ? ")" : "");
+         zoom.interpolate = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (interpolate = _, zoom) : interpolate;
+         };
 
-               // Break the formatted value into the integer “value” part that can be
-               // grouped, and fractional or exponential “suffix” part that is not.
-               if (maybeSuffix) {
-                 i = -1, n = value.length;
-                 while (++i < n) {
-                   if (c = value.charCodeAt(i), 48 > c || c > 57) {
-                     valueSuffix = (c === 46 ? decimal + value.slice(i + 1) : value.slice(i)) + valueSuffix;
-                     value = value.slice(0, i);
-                     break;
-                   }
-                 }
-               }
-             }
+         zoom.on = function () {
+           var value = listeners.on.apply(listeners, arguments);
+           return value === listeners ? zoom : value;
+         };
 
-             // If the fill character is not "0", grouping is applied before padding.
-             if (comma && !zero) value = group(value, Infinity);
+         zoom.clickDistance = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (clickDistance2 = (_ = +_) * _, zoom) : Math.sqrt(clickDistance2);
+         };
 
-             // Compute the padding.
-             var length = valuePrefix.length + value.length + valueSuffix.length,
-                 padding = length < width ? new Array(width - length + 1).join(fill) : "";
+         zoom.tapDistance = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (tapDistance = +_, zoom) : tapDistance;
+         };
 
-             // If the fill character is "0", grouping is applied after padding.
-             if (comma && zero) value = group(padding + value, padding.length ? width - valueSuffix.length : Infinity), padding = "";
+         return zoom;
+       }
 
-             // Reconstruct the final output based on the desired alignment.
-             switch (align) {
-               case "<": value = valuePrefix + value + valueSuffix + padding; break;
-               case "=": value = valuePrefix + padding + value + valueSuffix; break;
-               case "^": value = padding.slice(0, length = padding.length >> 1) + valuePrefix + value + valueSuffix + padding.slice(length); break;
-               default: value = padding + valuePrefix + value + valueSuffix; break;
-             }
+       /*
+           Bypasses features of D3's default projection stream pipeline that are unnecessary:
+           * Antimeridian clipping
+           * Spherical rotation
+           * Resampling
+       */
 
-             return numerals(value);
-           }
+       function geoRawMercator() {
+         var project = mercatorRaw;
+         var k = 512 / Math.PI; // scale
 
-           format.toString = function() {
-             return specifier + "";
-           };
+         var x = 0;
+         var y = 0; // translate
 
-           return format;
-         }
+         var clipExtent = [[0, 0], [0, 0]];
 
-         function formatPrefix(specifier, value) {
-           var f = newFormat((specifier = formatSpecifier(specifier), specifier.type = "f", specifier)),
-               e = Math.max(-8, Math.min(8, Math.floor(exponent(value) / 3))) * 3,
-               k = Math.pow(10, -e),
-               prefix = prefixes[8 + e / 3];
-           return function(value) {
-             return f(k * value) + prefix;
-           };
+         function projection(point) {
+           point = project(point[0] * Math.PI / 180, point[1] * Math.PI / 180);
+           return [point[0] * k + x, y - point[1] * k];
          }
 
-         return {
-           format: newFormat,
-           formatPrefix: formatPrefix
+         projection.invert = function (point) {
+           point = project.invert((point[0] - x) / k, (y - point[1]) / k);
+           return point && [point[0] * 180 / Math.PI, point[1] * 180 / Math.PI];
          };
-       }
 
-       var locale;
-       var format;
-       var formatPrefix;
+         projection.scale = function (_) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return k;
+           k = +_;
+           return projection;
+         };
 
-       defaultLocale({
-         decimal: ".",
-         thousands: ",",
-         grouping: [3],
-         currency: ["$", ""],
-         minus: "-"
-       });
+         projection.translate = function (_) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return [x, y];
+           x = +_[0];
+           y = +_[1];
+           return projection;
+         };
 
-       function defaultLocale(definition) {
-         locale = formatLocale(definition);
-         format = locale.format;
-         formatPrefix = locale.formatPrefix;
-         return locale;
-       }
+         projection.clipExtent = function (_) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return clipExtent;
+           clipExtent = _;
+           return projection;
+         };
 
-       function precisionFixed(step) {
-         return Math.max(0, -exponent(Math.abs(step)));
+         projection.transform = function (obj) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return identity$2.translate(x, y).scale(k);
+           x = +obj.x;
+           y = +obj.y;
+           k = +obj.k;
+           return projection;
+         };
+
+         projection.stream = d3_geoTransform({
+           point: function point(x, y) {
+             var vec = projection([x, y]);
+             this.stream.point(vec[0], vec[1]);
+           }
+         }).stream;
+         return projection;
        }
 
-       function precisionPrefix(step, value) {
-         return Math.max(0, Math.max(-8, Math.min(8, Math.floor(exponent(value) / 3))) * 3 - exponent(Math.abs(step)));
+       function geoOrthoNormalizedDotProduct(a, b, origin) {
+         if (geoVecEqual(origin, a) || geoVecEqual(origin, b)) {
+           return 1; // coincident points, treat as straight and try to remove
+         }
+
+         return geoVecNormalizedDot(a, b, origin);
        }
 
-       function precisionRound(step, max) {
-         step = Math.abs(step), max = Math.abs(max) - step;
-         return Math.max(0, exponent(max) - exponent(step)) + 1;
+       function geoOrthoFilterDotProduct(dotp, epsilon, lowerThreshold, upperThreshold, allowStraightAngles) {
+         var val = Math.abs(dotp);
+
+         if (val < epsilon) {
+           return 0; // already orthogonal
+         } else if (allowStraightAngles && Math.abs(val - 1) < epsilon) {
+           return 0; // straight angle, which is okay in this case
+         } else if (val < lowerThreshold || val > upperThreshold) {
+           return dotp; // can be adjusted
+         } else {
+           return null; // ignore vertex
+         }
        }
 
-       function tickFormat(start, stop, count, specifier) {
-         var step = tickStep(start, stop, count),
-             precision;
-         specifier = formatSpecifier(specifier == null ? ",f" : specifier);
-         switch (specifier.type) {
-           case "s": {
-             var value = Math.max(Math.abs(start), Math.abs(stop));
-             if (specifier.precision == null && !isNaN(precision = precisionPrefix(step, value))) specifier.precision = precision;
-             return formatPrefix(specifier, value);
-           }
-           case "":
-           case "e":
-           case "g":
-           case "p":
-           case "r": {
-             if (specifier.precision == null && !isNaN(precision = precisionRound(step, Math.max(Math.abs(start), Math.abs(stop))))) specifier.precision = precision - (specifier.type === "e");
-             break;
-           }
-           case "f":
-           case "%": {
-             if (specifier.precision == null && !isNaN(precision = precisionFixed(step))) specifier.precision = precision - (specifier.type === "%") * 2;
-             break;
-           }
+       function geoOrthoCalcScore(points, isClosed, epsilon, threshold) {
+         var score = 0;
+         var first = isClosed ? 0 : 1;
+         var last = isClosed ? points.length : points.length - 1;
+         var coords = points.map(function (p) {
+           return p.coord;
+         });
+         var lowerThreshold = Math.cos((90 - threshold) * Math.PI / 180);
+         var upperThreshold = Math.cos(threshold * Math.PI / 180);
+
+         for (var i = first; i < last; i++) {
+           var a = coords[(i - 1 + coords.length) % coords.length];
+           var origin = coords[i];
+           var b = coords[(i + 1) % coords.length];
+           var dotp = geoOrthoFilterDotProduct(geoOrthoNormalizedDotProduct(a, b, origin), epsilon, lowerThreshold, upperThreshold);
+           if (dotp === null) continue; // ignore vertex
+
+           score = score + 2.0 * Math.min(Math.abs(dotp - 1.0), Math.min(Math.abs(dotp), Math.abs(dotp + 1)));
+         }
+
+         return score;
+       } // returns the maximum angle less than `lessThan` between the actual corner and a 0° or 90° corner
+
+       function geoOrthoMaxOffsetAngle(coords, isClosed, lessThan) {
+         var max = -Infinity;
+         var first = isClosed ? 0 : 1;
+         var last = isClosed ? coords.length : coords.length - 1;
+
+         for (var i = first; i < last; i++) {
+           var a = coords[(i - 1 + coords.length) % coords.length];
+           var origin = coords[i];
+           var b = coords[(i + 1) % coords.length];
+           var normalizedDotP = geoOrthoNormalizedDotProduct(a, b, origin);
+           var angle = Math.acos(Math.abs(normalizedDotP)) * 180 / Math.PI;
+           if (angle > 45) angle = 90 - angle;
+           if (angle >= lessThan) continue;
+           if (angle > max) max = angle;
          }
-         return format(specifier);
+
+         if (max === -Infinity) return null;
+         return max;
+       } // similar to geoOrthoCalcScore, but returns quickly if there is something to do
+
+       function geoOrthoCanOrthogonalize(coords, isClosed, epsilon, threshold, allowStraightAngles) {
+         var score = null;
+         var first = isClosed ? 0 : 1;
+         var last = isClosed ? coords.length : coords.length - 1;
+         var lowerThreshold = Math.cos((90 - threshold) * Math.PI / 180);
+         var upperThreshold = Math.cos(threshold * Math.PI / 180);
+
+         for (var i = first; i < last; i++) {
+           var a = coords[(i - 1 + coords.length) % coords.length];
+           var origin = coords[i];
+           var b = coords[(i + 1) % coords.length];
+           var dotp = geoOrthoFilterDotProduct(geoOrthoNormalizedDotProduct(a, b, origin), epsilon, lowerThreshold, upperThreshold, allowStraightAngles);
+           if (dotp === null) continue; // ignore vertex
+
+           if (Math.abs(dotp) > 0) return 1; // something to do
+
+           score = 0; // already square
+         }
+
+         return score;
        }
 
-       function linearish(scale) {
-         var domain = scale.domain;
+       var onFreeze = internalMetadata.onFreeze;
 
-         scale.ticks = function(count) {
-           var d = domain();
-           return ticks(d[0], d[d.length - 1], count == null ? 10 : count);
-         };
+       // eslint-disable-next-line es/no-object-freeze -- safe
+       var $freeze = Object.freeze;
+       var FAILS_ON_PRIMITIVES = fails(function () { $freeze(1); });
 
-         scale.tickFormat = function(count, specifier) {
-           var d = domain();
-           return tickFormat(d[0], d[d.length - 1], count == null ? 10 : count, specifier);
-         };
+       // `Object.freeze` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-object.freeze
+       _export({ target: 'Object', stat: true, forced: FAILS_ON_PRIMITIVES, sham: !freezing }, {
+         freeze: function freeze(it) {
+           return $freeze && isObject$4(it) ? $freeze(onFreeze(it)) : it;
+         }
+       });
 
-         scale.nice = function(count) {
-           if (count == null) count = 10;
+       // Returns true if a and b have the same elements at the same indices.
+       function utilArrayIdentical(a, b) {
+         // an array is always identical to itself
+         if (a === b) return true;
+         var i = a.length;
+         if (i !== b.length) return false;
 
-           var d = domain(),
-               i0 = 0,
-               i1 = d.length - 1,
-               start = d[i0],
-               stop = d[i1],
-               step;
+         while (i--) {
+           if (a[i] !== b[i]) return false;
+         }
 
-           if (stop < start) {
-             step = start, start = stop, stop = step;
-             step = i0, i0 = i1, i1 = step;
-           }
+         return true;
+       } // http://2ality.com/2015/01/es6-set-operations.html
+       // Difference (a \ b): create a set that contains those elements of set a that are not in set b.
+       // This operation is also sometimes called minus (-).
+       // var a = [1,2,3];
+       // var b = [4,3,2];
+       // utilArrayDifference(a, b)
+       //   [1]
+       // utilArrayDifference(b, a)
+       //   [4]
 
-           step = tickIncrement(start, stop, count);
+       function utilArrayDifference(a, b) {
+         var other = new Set(b);
+         return Array.from(new Set(a)).filter(function (v) {
+           return !other.has(v);
+         });
+       } // Intersection (a ∩ b): create a set that contains those elements of set a that are also in set b.
+       // var a = [1,2,3];
+       // var b = [4,3,2];
+       // utilArrayIntersection(a, b)
+       //   [2,3]
 
-           if (step > 0) {
-             start = Math.floor(start / step) * step;
-             stop = Math.ceil(stop / step) * step;
-             step = tickIncrement(start, stop, count);
-           } else if (step < 0) {
-             start = Math.ceil(start * step) / step;
-             stop = Math.floor(stop * step) / step;
-             step = tickIncrement(start, stop, count);
-           }
+       function utilArrayIntersection(a, b) {
+         var other = new Set(b);
+         return Array.from(new Set(a)).filter(function (v) {
+           return other.has(v);
+         });
+       } // Union (a ∪ b): create a set that contains the elements of both set a and set b.
+       // var a = [1,2,3];
+       // var b = [4,3,2];
+       // utilArrayUnion(a, b)
+       //   [1,2,3,4]
 
-           if (step > 0) {
-             d[i0] = Math.floor(start / step) * step;
-             d[i1] = Math.ceil(stop / step) * step;
-             domain(d);
-           } else if (step < 0) {
-             d[i0] = Math.ceil(start * step) / step;
-             d[i1] = Math.floor(stop * step) / step;
-             domain(d);
-           }
+       function utilArrayUnion(a, b) {
+         var result = new Set(a);
+         b.forEach(function (v) {
+           result.add(v);
+         });
+         return Array.from(result);
+       } // Returns an Array with all the duplicates removed
+       // var a = [1,1,2,3,3];
+       // utilArrayUniq(a)
+       //   [1,2,3]
 
-           return scale;
-         };
+       function utilArrayUniq(a) {
+         return Array.from(new Set(a));
+       } // Splits array into chunks of given chunk size
+       // var a = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7];
+       // utilArrayChunk(a, 3);
+       //   [[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7]];
 
-         return scale;
-       }
+       function utilArrayChunk(a, chunkSize) {
+         if (!chunkSize || chunkSize < 0) return [a.slice()];
+         var result = new Array(Math.ceil(a.length / chunkSize));
+         return Array.from(result, function (item, i) {
+           return a.slice(i * chunkSize, i * chunkSize + chunkSize);
+         });
+       } // Flattens two level array into a single level
+       // var a = [[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7]];
+       // utilArrayFlatten(a);
+       //   [1,2,3,4,5,6,7];
 
-       function linear$2() {
-         var scale = continuous(identity$3, identity$3);
+       function utilArrayFlatten(a) {
+         return a.reduce(function (acc, val) {
+           return acc.concat(val);
+         }, []);
+       } // Groups the items of the Array according to the given key
+       // `key` can be passed as a property or as a key function
+       //
+       // var pets = [
+       //     { type: 'Dog', name: 'Spot' },
+       //     { type: 'Cat', name: 'Tiger' },
+       //     { type: 'Dog', name: 'Rover' },
+       //     { type: 'Cat', name: 'Leo' }
+       // ];
+       //
+       // utilArrayGroupBy(pets, 'type')
+       //   {
+       //     'Dog': [{type: 'Dog', name: 'Spot'}, {type: 'Dog', name: 'Rover'}],
+       //     'Cat': [{type: 'Cat', name: 'Tiger'}, {type: 'Cat', name: 'Leo'}]
+       //   }
+       //
+       // utilArrayGroupBy(pets, function(item) { return item.name.length; })
+       //   {
+       //     3: [{type: 'Cat', name: 'Leo'}],
+       //     4: [{type: 'Dog', name: 'Spot'}],
+       //     5: [{type: 'Cat', name: 'Tiger'}, {type: 'Dog', name: 'Rover'}]
+       //   }
 
-         scale.copy = function() {
-           return copy$1(scale, linear$2());
-         };
+       function utilArrayGroupBy(a, key) {
+         return a.reduce(function (acc, item) {
+           var group = typeof key === 'function' ? key(item) : item[key];
+           (acc[group] = acc[group] || []).push(item);
+           return acc;
+         }, {});
+       } // Returns an Array with all the duplicates removed
+       // where uniqueness determined by the given key
+       // `key` can be passed as a property or as a key function
+       //
+       // var pets = [
+       //     { type: 'Dog', name: 'Spot' },
+       //     { type: 'Cat', name: 'Tiger' },
+       //     { type: 'Dog', name: 'Rover' },
+       //     { type: 'Cat', name: 'Leo' }
+       // ];
+       //
+       // utilArrayUniqBy(pets, 'type')
+       //   [
+       //     { type: 'Dog', name: 'Spot' },
+       //     { type: 'Cat', name: 'Tiger' }
+       //   ]
+       //
+       // utilArrayUniqBy(pets, function(item) { return item.name.length; })
+       //   [
+       //     { type: 'Dog', name: 'Spot' },
+       //     { type: 'Cat', name: 'Tiger' },
+       //     { type: 'Cat', name: 'Leo' }
+       //   }
 
-         initRange.apply(scale, arguments);
+       function utilArrayUniqBy(a, key) {
+         var seen = new Set();
+         return a.reduce(function (acc, item) {
+           var val = typeof key === 'function' ? key(item) : item[key];
 
-         return linearish(scale);
+           if (val && !seen.has(val)) {
+             seen.add(val);
+             acc.push(item);
+           }
+
+           return acc;
+         }, []);
        }
 
-       function quantize() {
-         var x0 = 0,
-             x1 = 1,
-             n = 1,
-             domain = [0.5],
-             range = [0, 1],
-             unknown;
+       // @@match logic
+       fixRegexpWellKnownSymbolLogic('match', function (MATCH, nativeMatch, maybeCallNative) {
+         return [
+           // `String.prototype.match` method
+           // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-string.prototype.match
+           function match(regexp) {
+             var O = requireObjectCoercible(this);
+             var matcher = regexp == undefined ? undefined : regexp[MATCH];
+             return matcher !== undefined ? matcher.call(regexp, O) : new RegExp(regexp)[MATCH](String(O));
+           },
+           // `RegExp.prototype[@@match]` method
+           // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-regexp.prototype-@@match
+           function (string) {
+             var res = maybeCallNative(nativeMatch, this, string);
+             if (res.done) return res.value;
+
+             var rx = anObject(this);
+             var S = String(string);
+
+             if (!rx.global) return regexpExecAbstract(rx, S);
+
+             var fullUnicode = rx.unicode;
+             rx.lastIndex = 0;
+             var A = [];
+             var n = 0;
+             var result;
+             while ((result = regexpExecAbstract(rx, S)) !== null) {
+               var matchStr = String(result[0]);
+               A[n] = matchStr;
+               if (matchStr === '') rx.lastIndex = advanceStringIndex(S, toLength(rx.lastIndex), fullUnicode);
+               n++;
+             }
+             return n === 0 ? null : A;
+           }
+         ];
+       });
 
-         function scale(x) {
-           return x <= x ? range[bisectRight(domain, x, 0, n)] : unknown;
+       var remove$6 = removeDiacritics;
+       var replacementList = [{
+         base: ' ',
+         chars: "\xA0"
+       }, {
+         base: '0',
+         chars: "\u07C0"
+       }, {
+         base: 'A',
+         chars: "\u24B6\uFF21\xC0\xC1\xC2\u1EA6\u1EA4\u1EAA\u1EA8\xC3\u0100\u0102\u1EB0\u1EAE\u1EB4\u1EB2\u0226\u01E0\xC4\u01DE\u1EA2\xC5\u01FA\u01CD\u0200\u0202\u1EA0\u1EAC\u1EB6\u1E00\u0104\u023A\u2C6F"
+       }, {
+         base: 'AA',
+         chars: "\uA732"
+       }, {
+         base: 'AE',
+         chars: "\xC6\u01FC\u01E2"
+       }, {
+         base: 'AO',
+         chars: "\uA734"
+       }, {
+         base: 'AU',
+         chars: "\uA736"
+       }, {
+         base: 'AV',
+         chars: "\uA738\uA73A"
+       }, {
+         base: 'AY',
+         chars: "\uA73C"
+       }, {
+         base: 'B',
+         chars: "\u24B7\uFF22\u1E02\u1E04\u1E06\u0243\u0181"
+       }, {
+         base: 'C',
+         chars: "\u24B8\uFF23\uA73E\u1E08\u0106C\u0108\u010A\u010C\xC7\u0187\u023B"
+       }, {
+         base: 'D',
+         chars: "\u24B9\uFF24\u1E0A\u010E\u1E0C\u1E10\u1E12\u1E0E\u0110\u018A\u0189\u1D05\uA779"
+       }, {
+         base: 'Dh',
+         chars: "\xD0"
+       }, {
+         base: 'DZ',
+         chars: "\u01F1\u01C4"
+       }, {
+         base: 'Dz',
+         chars: "\u01F2\u01C5"
+       }, {
+         base: 'E',
+         chars: "\u025B\u24BA\uFF25\xC8\xC9\xCA\u1EC0\u1EBE\u1EC4\u1EC2\u1EBC\u0112\u1E14\u1E16\u0114\u0116\xCB\u1EBA\u011A\u0204\u0206\u1EB8\u1EC6\u0228\u1E1C\u0118\u1E18\u1E1A\u0190\u018E\u1D07"
+       }, {
+         base: 'F',
+         chars: "\uA77C\u24BB\uFF26\u1E1E\u0191\uA77B"
+       }, {
+         base: 'G',
+         chars: "\u24BC\uFF27\u01F4\u011C\u1E20\u011E\u0120\u01E6\u0122\u01E4\u0193\uA7A0\uA77D\uA77E\u0262"
+       }, {
+         base: 'H',
+         chars: "\u24BD\uFF28\u0124\u1E22\u1E26\u021E\u1E24\u1E28\u1E2A\u0126\u2C67\u2C75\uA78D"
+       }, {
+         base: 'I',
+         chars: "\u24BE\uFF29\xCC\xCD\xCE\u0128\u012A\u012C\u0130\xCF\u1E2E\u1EC8\u01CF\u0208\u020A\u1ECA\u012E\u1E2C\u0197"
+       }, {
+         base: 'J',
+         chars: "\u24BF\uFF2A\u0134\u0248\u0237"
+       }, {
+         base: 'K',
+         chars: "\u24C0\uFF2B\u1E30\u01E8\u1E32\u0136\u1E34\u0198\u2C69\uA740\uA742\uA744\uA7A2"
+       }, {
+         base: 'L',
+         chars: "\u24C1\uFF2C\u013F\u0139\u013D\u1E36\u1E38\u013B\u1E3C\u1E3A\u0141\u023D\u2C62\u2C60\uA748\uA746\uA780"
+       }, {
+         base: 'LJ',
+         chars: "\u01C7"
+       }, {
+         base: 'Lj',
+         chars: "\u01C8"
+       }, {
+         base: 'M',
+         chars: "\u24C2\uFF2D\u1E3E\u1E40\u1E42\u2C6E\u019C\u03FB"
+       }, {
+         base: 'N',
+         chars: "\uA7A4\u0220\u24C3\uFF2E\u01F8\u0143\xD1\u1E44\u0147\u1E46\u0145\u1E4A\u1E48\u019D\uA790\u1D0E"
+       }, {
+         base: 'NJ',
+         chars: "\u01CA"
+       }, {
+         base: 'Nj',
+         chars: "\u01CB"
+       }, {
+         base: 'O',
+         chars: "\u24C4\uFF2F\xD2\xD3\xD4\u1ED2\u1ED0\u1ED6\u1ED4\xD5\u1E4C\u022C\u1E4E\u014C\u1E50\u1E52\u014E\u022E\u0230\xD6\u022A\u1ECE\u0150\u01D1\u020C\u020E\u01A0\u1EDC\u1EDA\u1EE0\u1EDE\u1EE2\u1ECC\u1ED8\u01EA\u01EC\xD8\u01FE\u0186\u019F\uA74A\uA74C"
+       }, {
+         base: 'OE',
+         chars: "\u0152"
+       }, {
+         base: 'OI',
+         chars: "\u01A2"
+       }, {
+         base: 'OO',
+         chars: "\uA74E"
+       }, {
+         base: 'OU',
+         chars: "\u0222"
+       }, {
+         base: 'P',
+         chars: "\u24C5\uFF30\u1E54\u1E56\u01A4\u2C63\uA750\uA752\uA754"
+       }, {
+         base: 'Q',
+         chars: "\u24C6\uFF31\uA756\uA758\u024A"
+       }, {
+         base: 'R',
+         chars: "\u24C7\uFF32\u0154\u1E58\u0158\u0210\u0212\u1E5A\u1E5C\u0156\u1E5E\u024C\u2C64\uA75A\uA7A6\uA782"
+       }, {
+         base: 'S',
+         chars: "\u24C8\uFF33\u1E9E\u015A\u1E64\u015C\u1E60\u0160\u1E66\u1E62\u1E68\u0218\u015E\u2C7E\uA7A8\uA784"
+       }, {
+         base: 'T',
+         chars: "\u24C9\uFF34\u1E6A\u0164\u1E6C\u021A\u0162\u1E70\u1E6E\u0166\u01AC\u01AE\u023E\uA786"
+       }, {
+         base: 'Th',
+         chars: "\xDE"
+       }, {
+         base: 'TZ',
+         chars: "\uA728"
+       }, {
+         base: 'U',
+         chars: "\u24CA\uFF35\xD9\xDA\xDB\u0168\u1E78\u016A\u1E7A\u016C\xDC\u01DB\u01D7\u01D5\u01D9\u1EE6\u016E\u0170\u01D3\u0214\u0216\u01AF\u1EEA\u1EE8\u1EEE\u1EEC\u1EF0\u1EE4\u1E72\u0172\u1E76\u1E74\u0244"
+       }, {
+         base: 'V',
+         chars: "\u24CB\uFF36\u1E7C\u1E7E\u01B2\uA75E\u0245"
+       }, {
+         base: 'VY',
+         chars: "\uA760"
+       }, {
+         base: 'W',
+         chars: "\u24CC\uFF37\u1E80\u1E82\u0174\u1E86\u1E84\u1E88\u2C72"
+       }, {
+         base: 'X',
+         chars: "\u24CD\uFF38\u1E8A\u1E8C"
+       }, {
+         base: 'Y',
+         chars: "\u24CE\uFF39\u1EF2\xDD\u0176\u1EF8\u0232\u1E8E\u0178\u1EF6\u1EF4\u01B3\u024E\u1EFE"
+       }, {
+         base: 'Z',
+         chars: "\u24CF\uFF3A\u0179\u1E90\u017B\u017D\u1E92\u1E94\u01B5\u0224\u2C7F\u2C6B\uA762"
+       }, {
+         base: 'a',
+         chars: "\u24D0\uFF41\u1E9A\xE0\xE1\xE2\u1EA7\u1EA5\u1EAB\u1EA9\xE3\u0101\u0103\u1EB1\u1EAF\u1EB5\u1EB3\u0227\u01E1\xE4\u01DF\u1EA3\xE5\u01FB\u01CE\u0201\u0203\u1EA1\u1EAD\u1EB7\u1E01\u0105\u2C65\u0250\u0251"
+       }, {
+         base: 'aa',
+         chars: "\uA733"
+       }, {
+         base: 'ae',
+         chars: "\xE6\u01FD\u01E3"
+       }, {
+         base: 'ao',
+         chars: "\uA735"
+       }, {
+         base: 'au',
+         chars: "\uA737"
+       }, {
+         base: 'av',
+         chars: "\uA739\uA73B"
+       }, {
+         base: 'ay',
+         chars: "\uA73D"
+       }, {
+         base: 'b',
+         chars: "\u24D1\uFF42\u1E03\u1E05\u1E07\u0180\u0183\u0253\u0182"
+       }, {
+         base: 'c',
+         chars: "\uFF43\u24D2\u0107\u0109\u010B\u010D\xE7\u1E09\u0188\u023C\uA73F\u2184"
+       }, {
+         base: 'd',
+         chars: "\u24D3\uFF44\u1E0B\u010F\u1E0D\u1E11\u1E13\u1E0F\u0111\u018C\u0256\u0257\u018B\u13E7\u0501\uA7AA"
+       }, {
+         base: 'dh',
+         chars: "\xF0"
+       }, {
+         base: 'dz',
+         chars: "\u01F3\u01C6"
+       }, {
+         base: 'e',
+         chars: "\u24D4\uFF45\xE8\xE9\xEA\u1EC1\u1EBF\u1EC5\u1EC3\u1EBD\u0113\u1E15\u1E17\u0115\u0117\xEB\u1EBB\u011B\u0205\u0207\u1EB9\u1EC7\u0229\u1E1D\u0119\u1E19\u1E1B\u0247\u01DD"
+       }, {
+         base: 'f',
+         chars: "\u24D5\uFF46\u1E1F\u0192"
+       }, {
+         base: 'ff',
+         chars: "\uFB00"
+       }, {
+         base: 'fi',
+         chars: "\uFB01"
+       }, {
+         base: 'fl',
+         chars: "\uFB02"
+       }, {
+         base: 'ffi',
+         chars: "\uFB03"
+       }, {
+         base: 'ffl',
+         chars: "\uFB04"
+       }, {
+         base: 'g',
+         chars: "\u24D6\uFF47\u01F5\u011D\u1E21\u011F\u0121\u01E7\u0123\u01E5\u0260\uA7A1\uA77F\u1D79"
+       }, {
+         base: 'h',
+         chars: "\u24D7\uFF48\u0125\u1E23\u1E27\u021F\u1E25\u1E29\u1E2B\u1E96\u0127\u2C68\u2C76\u0265"
+       }, {
+         base: 'hv',
+         chars: "\u0195"
+       }, {
+         base: 'i',
+         chars: "\u24D8\uFF49\xEC\xED\xEE\u0129\u012B\u012D\xEF\u1E2F\u1EC9\u01D0\u0209\u020B\u1ECB\u012F\u1E2D\u0268\u0131"
+       }, {
+         base: 'j',
+         chars: "\u24D9\uFF4A\u0135\u01F0\u0249"
+       }, {
+         base: 'k',
+         chars: "\u24DA\uFF4B\u1E31\u01E9\u1E33\u0137\u1E35\u0199\u2C6A\uA741\uA743\uA745\uA7A3"
+       }, {
+         base: 'l',
+         chars: "\u24DB\uFF4C\u0140\u013A\u013E\u1E37\u1E39\u013C\u1E3D\u1E3B\u017F\u0142\u019A\u026B\u2C61\uA749\uA781\uA747\u026D"
+       }, {
+         base: 'lj',
+         chars: "\u01C9"
+       }, {
+         base: 'm',
+         chars: "\u24DC\uFF4D\u1E3F\u1E41\u1E43\u0271\u026F"
+       }, {
+         base: 'n',
+         chars: "\u24DD\uFF4E\u01F9\u0144\xF1\u1E45\u0148\u1E47\u0146\u1E4B\u1E49\u019E\u0272\u0149\uA791\uA7A5\u043B\u0509"
+       }, {
+         base: 'nj',
+         chars: "\u01CC"
+       }, {
+         base: 'o',
+         chars: "\u24DE\uFF4F\xF2\xF3\xF4\u1ED3\u1ED1\u1ED7\u1ED5\xF5\u1E4D\u022D\u1E4F\u014D\u1E51\u1E53\u014F\u022F\u0231\xF6\u022B\u1ECF\u0151\u01D2\u020D\u020F\u01A1\u1EDD\u1EDB\u1EE1\u1EDF\u1EE3\u1ECD\u1ED9\u01EB\u01ED\xF8\u01FF\uA74B\uA74D\u0275\u0254\u1D11"
+       }, {
+         base: 'oe',
+         chars: "\u0153"
+       }, {
+         base: 'oi',
+         chars: "\u01A3"
+       }, {
+         base: 'oo',
+         chars: "\uA74F"
+       }, {
+         base: 'ou',
+         chars: "\u0223"
+       }, {
+         base: 'p',
+         chars: "\u24DF\uFF50\u1E55\u1E57\u01A5\u1D7D\uA751\uA753\uA755\u03C1"
+       }, {
+         base: 'q',
+         chars: "\u24E0\uFF51\u024B\uA757\uA759"
+       }, {
+         base: 'r',
+         chars: "\u24E1\uFF52\u0155\u1E59\u0159\u0211\u0213\u1E5B\u1E5D\u0157\u1E5F\u024D\u027D\uA75B\uA7A7\uA783"
+       }, {
+         base: 's',
+         chars: "\u24E2\uFF53\u015B\u1E65\u015D\u1E61\u0161\u1E67\u1E63\u1E69\u0219\u015F\u023F\uA7A9\uA785\u1E9B\u0282"
+       }, {
+         base: 'ss',
+         chars: "\xDF"
+       }, {
+         base: 't',
+         chars: "\u24E3\uFF54\u1E6B\u1E97\u0165\u1E6D\u021B\u0163\u1E71\u1E6F\u0167\u01AD\u0288\u2C66\uA787"
+       }, {
+         base: 'th',
+         chars: "\xFE"
+       }, {
+         base: 'tz',
+         chars: "\uA729"
+       }, {
+         base: 'u',
+         chars: "\u24E4\uFF55\xF9\xFA\xFB\u0169\u1E79\u016B\u1E7B\u016D\xFC\u01DC\u01D8\u01D6\u01DA\u1EE7\u016F\u0171\u01D4\u0215\u0217\u01B0\u1EEB\u1EE9\u1EEF\u1EED\u1EF1\u1EE5\u1E73\u0173\u1E77\u1E75\u0289"
+       }, {
+         base: 'v',
+         chars: "\u24E5\uFF56\u1E7D\u1E7F\u028B\uA75F\u028C"
+       }, {
+         base: 'vy',
+         chars: "\uA761"
+       }, {
+         base: 'w',
+         chars: "\u24E6\uFF57\u1E81\u1E83\u0175\u1E87\u1E85\u1E98\u1E89\u2C73"
+       }, {
+         base: 'x',
+         chars: "\u24E7\uFF58\u1E8B\u1E8D"
+       }, {
+         base: 'y',
+         chars: "\u24E8\uFF59\u1EF3\xFD\u0177\u1EF9\u0233\u1E8F\xFF\u1EF7\u1E99\u1EF5\u01B4\u024F\u1EFF"
+       }, {
+         base: 'z',
+         chars: "\u24E9\uFF5A\u017A\u1E91\u017C\u017E\u1E93\u1E95\u01B6\u0225\u0240\u2C6C\uA763"
+       }];
+       var diacriticsMap = {};
+
+       for (var i$1 = 0; i$1 < replacementList.length; i$1 += 1) {
+         var chars = replacementList[i$1].chars;
+
+         for (var j$1 = 0; j$1 < chars.length; j$1 += 1) {
+           diacriticsMap[chars[j$1]] = replacementList[i$1].base;
          }
+       }
 
-         function rescale() {
-           var i = -1;
-           domain = new Array(n);
-           while (++i < n) domain[i] = ((i + 1) * x1 - (i - n) * x0) / (n + 1);
-           return scale;
+       function removeDiacritics(str) {
+         return str.replace(/[^\u0000-\u007e]/g, function (c) {
+           return diacriticsMap[c] || c;
+         });
+       }
+
+       var replacementList_1 = replacementList;
+       var diacriticsMap_1 = diacriticsMap;
+       var diacritics = {
+         remove: remove$6,
+         replacementList: replacementList_1,
+         diacriticsMap: diacriticsMap_1
+       };
+
+       var arabicBlocks = [[0x0600, 0x06FF], [0x0750, 0x077F], [0x08A0, 0x08FF], [0xFB50, 0xFDFF], [0xFE70, 0xFEFF], [0x10E60, 0x10E7F], [0x1EC70, 0x1ECBF], [0x1EE00, 0x1EEFF] // Mathematical Alphabetic symbols https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1EE00.pdf
+       ];
+
+       function isArabic(_char) {
+         if (_char.length > 1) {
+           // allow the newer chars?
+           throw new Error('isArabic works on only one-character strings');
          }
 
-         scale.domain = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (x0 = +_[0], x1 = +_[1], rescale()) : [x0, x1];
-         };
+         var code = _char.charCodeAt(0);
 
-         scale.range = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (n = (range = slice$4.call(_)).length - 1, rescale()) : range.slice();
-         };
+         for (var i = 0; i < arabicBlocks.length; i++) {
+           var block = arabicBlocks[i];
 
-         scale.invertExtent = function(y) {
-           var i = range.indexOf(y);
-           return i < 0 ? [NaN, NaN]
-               : i < 1 ? [x0, domain[0]]
-               : i >= n ? [domain[n - 1], x1]
-               : [domain[i - 1], domain[i]];
-         };
+           if (code >= block[0] && code <= block[1]) {
+             return true;
+           }
+         }
 
-         scale.unknown = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (unknown = _, scale) : scale;
-         };
+         return false;
+       }
 
-         scale.thresholds = function() {
-           return domain.slice();
-         };
+       var isArabic_2 = isArabic;
 
-         scale.copy = function() {
-           return quantize()
-               .domain([x0, x1])
-               .range(range)
-               .unknown(unknown);
-         };
+       function isMath(_char2) {
+         if (_char2.length > 2) {
+           // allow the newer chars?
+           throw new Error('isMath works on only one-character strings');
+         }
 
-         return initRange.apply(linearish(scale), arguments);
+         var code = _char2.charCodeAt(0);
+
+         return code >= 0x660 && code <= 0x66C || code >= 0x6F0 && code <= 0x6F9;
        }
 
-       function behaviorBreathe() {
-           var duration = 800;
-           var steps = 4;
-           var selector = '.selected.shadow, .selected .shadow';
-           var _selected = select(null);
-           var _classed = '';
-           var _params = {};
-           var _done = false;
-           var _timer;
-
-
-           function ratchetyInterpolator(a, b, steps, units) {
-               a = parseFloat(a);
-               b = parseFloat(b);
-               var sample = quantize()
-                   .domain([0, 1])
-                   .range(d3_quantize(d3_interpolateNumber(a, b), steps));
-
-               return function(t) {
-                   return String(sample(t)) + (units || '');
-               };
+       var isMath_1 = isMath;
+       var isArabic_1 = /*#__PURE__*/Object.defineProperty({
+         isArabic: isArabic_2,
+         isMath: isMath_1
+       }, '__esModule', {
+         value: true
+       });
+
+       var arabicReference = {
+         "alef": {
+           "normal": ["\u0627"],
+           "madda_above": {
+             "normal": ["\u0627\u0653", "\u0622"],
+             "isolated": "\uFE81",
+             "final": "\uFE82"
+           },
+           "hamza_above": {
+             "normal": ["\u0627\u0654", "\u0623"],
+             "isolated": "\uFE83",
+             "final": "\uFE84"
+           },
+           "hamza_below": {
+             "normal": ["\u0627\u0655", "\u0625"],
+             "isolated": "\uFE87",
+             "final": "\uFE88"
+           },
+           "wasla": {
+             "normal": "\u0671",
+             "isolated": "\uFB50",
+             "final": "\uFB51"
+           },
+           "wavy_hamza_above": ["\u0672"],
+           "wavy_hamza_below": ["\u0627\u065F", "\u0673"],
+           "high_hamza": ["\u0675", "\u0627\u0674"],
+           "indic_two_above": ["\u0773"],
+           "indic_three_above": ["\u0774"],
+           "fathatan": {
+             "normal": ["\u0627\u064B"],
+             "final": "\uFD3C",
+             "isolated": "\uFD3D"
+           },
+           "isolated": "\uFE8D",
+           "final": "\uFE8E"
+         },
+         "beh": {
+           "normal": ["\u0628"],
+           "dotless": ["\u066E"],
+           "three_dots_horizontally_below": ["\u0750"],
+           "dot_below_three_dots_above": ["\u0751"],
+           "three_dots_pointing_upwards_below": ["\u0752"],
+           "three_dots_pointing_upwards_below_two_dots_above": ["\u0753"],
+           "two_dots_below_dot_above": ["\u0754"],
+           "inverted_small_v_below": ["\u0755"],
+           "small_v": ["\u0756"],
+           "small_v_below": ["\u08A0"],
+           "hamza_above": ["\u08A1"],
+           "small_meem_above": ["\u08B6"],
+           "isolated": "\uFE8F",
+           "final": "\uFE90",
+           "initial": "\uFE91",
+           "medial": "\uFE92"
+         },
+         "teh marbuta": {
+           "normal": ["\u0629"],
+           "isolated": "\uFE93",
+           "final": "\uFE94"
+         },
+         "teh": {
+           "normal": ["\u062A"],
+           "ring": ["\u067C"],
+           "three_dots_above_downwards": ["\u067D"],
+           "small_teh_above": ["\u08B8"],
+           "isolated": "\uFE95",
+           "final": "\uFE96",
+           "initial": "\uFE97",
+           "medial": "\uFE98"
+         },
+         "theh": {
+           "normal": ["\u062B"],
+           "isolated": "\uFE99",
+           "final": "\uFE9A",
+           "initial": "\uFE9B",
+           "medial": "\uFE9C"
+         },
+         "jeem": {
+           "normal": ["\u062C"],
+           "two_dots_above": ["\u08A2"],
+           "isolated": "\uFE9D",
+           "final": "\uFE9E",
+           "initial": "\uFE9F",
+           "medial": "\uFEA0"
+         },
+         "hah": {
+           "normal": ["\u062D"],
+           "hamza_above": ["\u0681"],
+           "two_dots_vertical_above": ["\u0682"],
+           "three_dots_above": ["\u0685"],
+           "two_dots_above": ["\u0757"],
+           "three_dots_pointing_upwards_below": ["\u0758"],
+           "small_tah_below": ["\u076E"],
+           "small_tah_two_dots": ["\u076F"],
+           "small_tah_above": ["\u0772"],
+           "indic_four_below": ["\u077C"],
+           "isolated": "\uFEA1",
+           "final": "\uFEA2",
+           "initial": "\uFEA3",
+           "medial": "\uFEA4"
+         },
+         "khah": {
+           "normal": ["\u062E"],
+           "isolated": "\uFEA5",
+           "final": "\uFEA6",
+           "initial": "\uFEA7",
+           "medial": "\uFEA8"
+         },
+         "dal": {
+           "normal": ["\u062F"],
+           "ring": ["\u0689"],
+           "dot_below": ["\u068A"],
+           "dot_below_small_tah": ["\u068B"],
+           "three_dots_above_downwards": ["\u068F"],
+           "four_dots_above": ["\u0690"],
+           "inverted_v": ["\u06EE"],
+           "two_dots_vertically_below_small_tah": ["\u0759"],
+           "inverted_small_v_below": ["\u075A"],
+           "three_dots_below": ["\u08AE"],
+           "isolated": "\uFEA9",
+           "final": "\uFEAA"
+         },
+         "thal": {
+           "normal": ["\u0630"],
+           "isolated": "\uFEAB",
+           "final": "\uFEAC"
+         },
+         "reh": {
+           "normal": ["\u0631"],
+           "small_v": ["\u0692"],
+           "ring": ["\u0693"],
+           "dot_below": ["\u0694"],
+           "small_v_below": ["\u0695"],
+           "dot_below_dot_above": ["\u0696"],
+           "two_dots_above": ["\u0697"],
+           "four_dots_above": ["\u0699"],
+           "inverted_v": ["\u06EF"],
+           "stroke": ["\u075B"],
+           "two_dots_vertically_above": ["\u076B"],
+           "hamza_above": ["\u076C"],
+           "small_tah_two_dots": ["\u0771"],
+           "loop": ["\u08AA"],
+           "small_noon_above": ["\u08B9"],
+           "isolated": "\uFEAD",
+           "final": "\uFEAE"
+         },
+         "zain": {
+           "normal": ["\u0632"],
+           "inverted_v_above": ["\u08B2"],
+           "isolated": "\uFEAF",
+           "final": "\uFEB0"
+         },
+         "seen": {
+           "normal": ["\u0633"],
+           "dot_below_dot_above": ["\u069A"],
+           "three_dots_below": ["\u069B"],
+           "three_dots_below_three_dots_above": ["\u069C"],
+           "four_dots_above": ["\u075C"],
+           "two_dots_vertically_above": ["\u076D"],
+           "small_tah_two_dots": ["\u0770"],
+           "indic_four_above": ["\u077D"],
+           "inverted_v": ["\u077E"],
+           "isolated": "\uFEB1",
+           "final": "\uFEB2",
+           "initial": "\uFEB3",
+           "medial": "\uFEB4"
+         },
+         "sheen": {
+           "normal": ["\u0634"],
+           "dot_below": ["\u06FA"],
+           "isolated": "\uFEB5",
+           "final": "\uFEB6",
+           "initial": "\uFEB7",
+           "medial": "\uFEB8"
+         },
+         "sad": {
+           "normal": ["\u0635"],
+           "two_dots_below": ["\u069D"],
+           "three_dots_above": ["\u069E"],
+           "three_dots_below": ["\u08AF"],
+           "isolated": "\uFEB9",
+           "final": "\uFEBA",
+           "initial": "\uFEBB",
+           "medial": "\uFEBC"
+         },
+         "dad": {
+           "normal": ["\u0636"],
+           "dot_below": ["\u06FB"],
+           "isolated": "\uFEBD",
+           "final": "\uFEBE",
+           "initial": "\uFEBF",
+           "medial": "\uFEC0"
+         },
+         "tah": {
+           "normal": ["\u0637"],
+           "three_dots_above": ["\u069F"],
+           "two_dots_above": ["\u08A3"],
+           "isolated": "\uFEC1",
+           "final": "\uFEC2",
+           "initial": "\uFEC3",
+           "medial": "\uFEC4"
+         },
+         "zah": {
+           "normal": ["\u0638"],
+           "isolated": "\uFEC5",
+           "final": "\uFEC6",
+           "initial": "\uFEC7",
+           "medial": "\uFEC8"
+         },
+         "ain": {
+           "normal": ["\u0639"],
+           "three_dots_above": ["\u06A0"],
+           "two_dots_above": ["\u075D"],
+           "three_dots_pointing_downwards_above": ["\u075E"],
+           "two_dots_vertically_above": ["\u075F"],
+           "three_dots_below": ["\u08B3"],
+           "isolated": "\uFEC9",
+           "final": "\uFECA",
+           "initial": "\uFECB",
+           "medial": "\uFECC"
+         },
+         "ghain": {
+           "normal": ["\u063A"],
+           "dot_below": ["\u06FC"],
+           "isolated": "\uFECD",
+           "final": "\uFECE",
+           "initial": "\uFECF",
+           "medial": "\uFED0"
+         },
+         "feh": {
+           "normal": ["\u0641"],
+           "dotless": ["\u06A1"],
+           "dot_moved_below": ["\u06A2"],
+           "dot_below": ["\u06A3"],
+           "three_dots_below": ["\u06A5"],
+           "two_dots_below": ["\u0760"],
+           "three_dots_pointing_upwards_below": ["\u0761"],
+           "dot_below_three_dots_above": ["\u08A4"],
+           "isolated": "\uFED1",
+           "final": "\uFED2",
+           "initial": "\uFED3",
+           "medial": "\uFED4"
+         },
+         "qaf": {
+           "normal": ["\u0642"],
+           "dotless": ["\u066F"],
+           "dot_above": ["\u06A7"],
+           "three_dots_above": ["\u06A8"],
+           "dot_below": ["\u08A5"],
+           "isolated": "\uFED5",
+           "final": "\uFED6",
+           "initial": "\uFED7",
+           "medial": "\uFED8"
+         },
+         "kaf": {
+           "normal": ["\u0643"],
+           "swash": ["\u06AA"],
+           "ring": ["\u06AB"],
+           "dot_above": ["\u06AC"],
+           "three_dots_below": ["\u06AE"],
+           "two_dots_above": ["\u077F"],
+           "dot_below": ["\u08B4"],
+           "isolated": "\uFED9",
+           "final": "\uFEDA",
+           "initial": "\uFEDB",
+           "medial": "\uFEDC"
+         },
+         "lam": {
+           "normal": ["\u0644"],
+           "small_v": ["\u06B5"],
+           "dot_above": ["\u06B6"],
+           "three_dots_above": ["\u06B7"],
+           "three_dots_below": ["\u06B8"],
+           "bar": ["\u076A"],
+           "double_bar": ["\u08A6"],
+           "isolated": "\uFEDD",
+           "final": "\uFEDE",
+           "initial": "\uFEDF",
+           "medial": "\uFEE0"
+         },
+         "meem": {
+           "normal": ["\u0645"],
+           "dot_above": ["\u0765"],
+           "dot_below": ["\u0766"],
+           "three_dots_above": ["\u08A7"],
+           "isolated": "\uFEE1",
+           "final": "\uFEE2",
+           "initial": "\uFEE3",
+           "medial": "\uFEE4"
+         },
+         "noon": {
+           "normal": ["\u0646"],
+           "dot_below": ["\u06B9"],
+           "ring": ["\u06BC"],
+           "three_dots_above": ["\u06BD"],
+           "two_dots_below": ["\u0767"],
+           "small_tah": ["\u0768"],
+           "small_v": ["\u0769"],
+           "isolated": "\uFEE5",
+           "final": "\uFEE6",
+           "initial": "\uFEE7",
+           "medial": "\uFEE8"
+         },
+         "heh": {
+           "normal": ["\u0647"],
+           "isolated": "\uFEE9",
+           "final": "\uFEEA",
+           "initial": "\uFEEB",
+           "medial": "\uFEEC"
+         },
+         "waw": {
+           "normal": ["\u0648"],
+           "hamza_above": {
+             "normal": ["\u0624", "\u0648\u0654"],
+             "isolated": "\uFE85",
+             "final": "\uFE86"
+           },
+           "high_hamza": ["\u0676", "\u0648\u0674"],
+           "ring": ["\u06C4"],
+           "two_dots_above": ["\u06CA"],
+           "dot_above": ["\u06CF"],
+           "indic_two_above": ["\u0778"],
+           "indic_three_above": ["\u0779"],
+           "dot_within": ["\u08AB"],
+           "isolated": "\uFEED",
+           "final": "\uFEEE"
+         },
+         "alef_maksura": {
+           "normal": ["\u0649"],
+           "hamza_above": ["\u0626", "\u064A\u0654"],
+           "initial": "\uFBE8",
+           "medial": "\uFBE9",
+           "isolated": "\uFEEF",
+           "final": "\uFEF0"
+         },
+         "yeh": {
+           "normal": ["\u064A"],
+           "hamza_above": {
+             "normal": ["\u0626", "\u0649\u0654"],
+             "isolated": "\uFE89",
+             "final": "\uFE8A",
+             "initial": "\uFE8B",
+             "medial": "\uFE8C"
+           },
+           "two_dots_below_hamza_above": ["\u08A8"],
+           "high_hamza": ["\u0678", "\u064A\u0674"],
+           "tail": ["\u06CD"],
+           "small_v": ["\u06CE"],
+           "three_dots_below": ["\u06D1"],
+           "two_dots_below_dot_above": ["\u08A9"],
+           "two_dots_below_small_noon_above": ["\u08BA"],
+           "isolated": "\uFEF1",
+           "final": "\uFEF2",
+           "initial": "\uFEF3",
+           "medial": "\uFEF4"
+         },
+         "tteh": {
+           "normal": ["\u0679"],
+           "isolated": "\uFB66",
+           "final": "\uFB67",
+           "initial": "\uFB68",
+           "medial": "\uFB69"
+         },
+         "tteheh": {
+           "normal": ["\u067A"],
+           "isolated": "\uFB5E",
+           "final": "\uFB5F",
+           "initial": "\uFB60",
+           "medial": "\uFB61"
+         },
+         "beeh": {
+           "normal": ["\u067B"],
+           "isolated": "\uFB52",
+           "final": "\uFB53",
+           "initial": "\uFB54",
+           "medial": "\uFB55"
+         },
+         "peh": {
+           "normal": ["\u067E"],
+           "small_meem_above": ["\u08B7"],
+           "isolated": "\uFB56",
+           "final": "\uFB57",
+           "initial": "\uFB58",
+           "medial": "\uFB59"
+         },
+         "teheh": {
+           "normal": ["\u067F"],
+           "isolated": "\uFB62",
+           "final": "\uFB63",
+           "initial": "\uFB64",
+           "medial": "\uFB65"
+         },
+         "beheh": {
+           "normal": ["\u0680"],
+           "isolated": "\uFB5A",
+           "final": "\uFB5B",
+           "initial": "\uFB5C",
+           "medial": "\uFB5D"
+         },
+         "nyeh": {
+           "normal": ["\u0683"],
+           "isolated": "\uFB76",
+           "final": "\uFB77",
+           "initial": "\uFB78",
+           "medial": "\uFB79"
+         },
+         "dyeh": {
+           "normal": ["\u0684"],
+           "isolated": "\uFB72",
+           "final": "\uFB73",
+           "initial": "\uFB74",
+           "medial": "\uFB75"
+         },
+         "tcheh": {
+           "normal": ["\u0686"],
+           "dot_above": ["\u06BF"],
+           "isolated": "\uFB7A",
+           "final": "\uFB7B",
+           "initial": "\uFB7C",
+           "medial": "\uFB7D"
+         },
+         "tcheheh": {
+           "normal": ["\u0687"],
+           "isolated": "\uFB7E",
+           "final": "\uFB7F",
+           "initial": "\uFB80",
+           "medial": "\uFB81"
+         },
+         "ddal": {
+           "normal": ["\u0688"],
+           "isolated": "\uFB88",
+           "final": "\uFB89"
+         },
+         "dahal": {
+           "normal": ["\u068C"],
+           "isolated": "\uFB84",
+           "final": "\uFB85"
+         },
+         "ddahal": {
+           "normal": ["\u068D"],
+           "isolated": "\uFB82",
+           "final": "\uFB83"
+         },
+         "dul": {
+           "normal": ["\u068F", "\u068E"],
+           "isolated": "\uFB86",
+           "final": "\uFB87"
+         },
+         "rreh": {
+           "normal": ["\u0691"],
+           "isolated": "\uFB8C",
+           "final": "\uFB8D"
+         },
+         "jeh": {
+           "normal": ["\u0698"],
+           "isolated": "\uFB8A",
+           "final": "\uFB8B"
+         },
+         "veh": {
+           "normal": ["\u06A4"],
+           "isolated": "\uFB6A",
+           "final": "\uFB6B",
+           "initial": "\uFB6C",
+           "medial": "\uFB6D"
+         },
+         "peheh": {
+           "normal": ["\u06A6"],
+           "isolated": "\uFB6E",
+           "final": "\uFB6F",
+           "initial": "\uFB70",
+           "medial": "\uFB71"
+         },
+         "keheh": {
+           "normal": ["\u06A9"],
+           "dot_above": ["\u0762"],
+           "three_dots_above": ["\u0763"],
+           "three_dots_pointing_upwards_below": ["\u0764"],
+           "isolated": "\uFB8E",
+           "final": "\uFB8F",
+           "initial": "\uFB90",
+           "medial": "\uFB91"
+         },
+         "ng": {
+           "normal": ["\u06AD"],
+           "isolated": "\uFBD3",
+           "final": "\uFBD4",
+           "initial": "\uFBD5",
+           "medial": "\uFBD6"
+         },
+         "gaf": {
+           "normal": ["\u06AF"],
+           "ring": ["\u06B0"],
+           "two_dots_below": ["\u06B2"],
+           "three_dots_above": ["\u06B4"],
+           "inverted_stroke": ["\u08B0"],
+           "isolated": "\uFB92",
+           "final": "\uFB93",
+           "initial": "\uFB94",
+           "medial": "\uFB95"
+         },
+         "ngoeh": {
+           "normal": ["\u06B1"],
+           "isolated": "\uFB9A",
+           "final": "\uFB9B",
+           "initial": "\uFB9C",
+           "medial": "\uFB9D"
+         },
+         "gueh": {
+           "normal": ["\u06B3"],
+           "isolated": "\uFB96",
+           "final": "\uFB97",
+           "initial": "\uFB98",
+           "medial": "\uFB99"
+         },
+         "noon ghunna": {
+           "normal": ["\u06BA"],
+           "isolated": "\uFB9E",
+           "final": "\uFB9F"
+         },
+         "rnoon": {
+           "normal": ["\u06BB"],
+           "isolated": "\uFBA0",
+           "final": "\uFBA1",
+           "initial": "\uFBA2",
+           "medial": "\uFBA3"
+         },
+         "heh doachashmee": {
+           "normal": ["\u06BE"],
+           "isolated": "\uFBAA",
+           "final": "\uFBAB",
+           "initial": "\uFBAC",
+           "medial": "\uFBAD"
+         },
+         "heh goal": {
+           "normal": ["\u06C1"],
+           "hamza_above": ["\u06C1\u0654", "\u06C2"],
+           "isolated": "\uFBA6",
+           "final": "\uFBA7",
+           "initial": "\uFBA8",
+           "medial": "\uFBA9"
+         },
+         "teh marbuta goal": {
+           "normal": ["\u06C3"]
+         },
+         "kirghiz oe": {
+           "normal": ["\u06C5"],
+           "isolated": "\uFBE0",
+           "final": "\uFBE1"
+         },
+         "oe": {
+           "normal": ["\u06C6"],
+           "isolated": "\uFBD9",
+           "final": "\uFBDA"
+         },
+         "u": {
+           "normal": ["\u06C7"],
+           "hamza_above": {
+             "normal": ["\u0677", "\u06C7\u0674"],
+             "isolated": "\uFBDD"
+           },
+           "isolated": "\uFBD7",
+           "final": "\uFBD8"
+         },
+         "yu": {
+           "normal": ["\u06C8"],
+           "isolated": "\uFBDB",
+           "final": "\uFBDC"
+         },
+         "kirghiz yu": {
+           "normal": ["\u06C9"],
+           "isolated": "\uFBE2",
+           "final": "\uFBE3"
+         },
+         "ve": {
+           "normal": ["\u06CB"],
+           "isolated": "\uFBDE",
+           "final": "\uFBDF"
+         },
+         "farsi yeh": {
+           "normal": ["\u06CC"],
+           "indic_two_above": ["\u0775"],
+           "indic_three_above": ["\u0776"],
+           "indic_four_above": ["\u0777"],
+           "isolated": "\uFBFC",
+           "final": "\uFBFD",
+           "initial": "\uFBFE",
+           "medial": "\uFBFF"
+         },
+         "e": {
+           "normal": ["\u06D0"],
+           "isolated": "\uFBE4",
+           "final": "\uFBE5",
+           "initial": "\uFBE6",
+           "medial": "\uFBE7"
+         },
+         "yeh barree": {
+           "normal": ["\u06D2"],
+           "hamza_above": {
+             "normal": ["\u06D2\u0654", "\u06D3"],
+             "isolated": "\uFBB0",
+             "final": "\uFBB1"
+           },
+           "indic_two_above": ["\u077A"],
+           "indic_three_above": ["\u077B"],
+           "isolated": "\uFBAE",
+           "final": "\uFBAF"
+         },
+         "ae": {
+           "normal": ["\u06D5"],
+           "isolated": "\u06D5",
+           "final": "\uFEEA",
+           "yeh_above": {
+             "normal": ["\u06C0", "\u06D5\u0654"],
+             "isolated": "\uFBA4",
+             "final": "\uFBA5"
            }
+         },
+         "rohingya yeh": {
+           "normal": ["\u08AC"]
+         },
+         "low alef": {
+           "normal": ["\u08AD"]
+         },
+         "straight waw": {
+           "normal": ["\u08B1"]
+         },
+         "african feh": {
+           "normal": ["\u08BB"]
+         },
+         "african qaf": {
+           "normal": ["\u08BC"]
+         },
+         "african noon": {
+           "normal": ["\u08BD"]
+         }
+       };
+       var _default$3 = arabicReference;
+       var unicodeArabic = /*#__PURE__*/Object.defineProperty({
+         "default": _default$3
+       }, '__esModule', {
+         value: true
+       });
 
+       var ligatureReference = {
+         "\u0626\u0627": {
+           "isolated": "\uFBEA",
+           "final": "\uFBEB"
+         },
+         "\u0626\u06D5": {
+           "isolated": "\uFBEC",
+           "final": "\uFBED"
+         },
+         "\u0626\u0648": {
+           "isolated": "\uFBEE",
+           "final": "\uFBEF"
+         },
+         "\u0626\u06C7": {
+           "isolated": "\uFBF0",
+           "final": "\uFBF1"
+         },
+         "\u0626\u06C6": {
+           "isolated": "\uFBF2",
+           "final": "\uFBF3"
+         },
+         "\u0626\u06C8": {
+           "isolated": "\uFBF4",
+           "final": "\uFBF5"
+         },
+         "\u0626\u06D0": {
+           "isolated": "\uFBF6",
+           "final": "\uFBF7",
+           "initial": "\uFBF8"
+         },
+         "\u0626\u0649": {
+           "uighur_kirghiz": {
+             "isolated": "\uFBF9",
+             "final": "\uFBFA",
+             "initial": "\uFBFB"
+           },
+           "isolated": "\uFC03",
+           "final": "\uFC68"
+         },
+         "\u0626\u062C": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC00",
+           "initial": "\uFC97"
+         },
+         "\u0626\u062D": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC01",
+           "initial": "\uFC98"
+         },
+         "\u0626\u0645": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC02",
+           "final": "\uFC66",
+           "initial": "\uFC9A",
+           "medial": "\uFCDF"
+         },
+         "\u0626\u064A": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC04",
+           "final": "\uFC69"
+         },
+         "\u0628\u062C": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC05",
+           "initial": "\uFC9C"
+         },
+         "\u0628\u062D": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC06",
+           "initial": "\uFC9D"
+         },
+         "\u0628\u062E": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC07",
+           "initial": "\uFC9E"
+         },
+         "\u0628\u0645": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC08",
+           "final": "\uFC6C",
+           "initial": "\uFC9F",
+           "medial": "\uFCE1"
+         },
+         "\u0628\u0649": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC09",
+           "final": "\uFC6E"
+         },
+         "\u0628\u064A": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC0A",
+           "final": "\uFC6F"
+         },
+         "\u062A\u062C": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC0B",
+           "initial": "\uFCA1"
+         },
+         "\u062A\u062D": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC0C",
+           "initial": "\uFCA2"
+         },
+         "\u062A\u062E": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC0D",
+           "initial": "\uFCA3"
+         },
+         "\u062A\u0645": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC0E",
+           "final": "\uFC72",
+           "initial": "\uFCA4",
+           "medial": "\uFCE3"
+         },
+         "\u062A\u0649": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC0F",
+           "final": "\uFC74"
+         },
+         "\u062A\u064A": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC10",
+           "final": "\uFC75"
+         },
+         "\u062B\u062C": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC11"
+         },
+         "\u062B\u0645": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC12",
+           "final": "\uFC78",
+           "initial": "\uFCA6",
+           "medial": "\uFCE5"
+         },
+         "\u062B\u0649": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC13",
+           "final": "\uFC7A"
+         },
+         "\u062B\u0648": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC14"
+         },
+         "\u062C\u062D": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC15",
+           "initial": "\uFCA7"
+         },
+         "\u062C\u0645": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC16",
+           "initial": "\uFCA8"
+         },
+         "\u062D\u062C": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC17",
+           "initial": "\uFCA9"
+         },
+         "\u062D\u0645": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC18",
+           "initial": "\uFCAA"
+         },
+         "\u062E\u062C": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC19",
+           "initial": "\uFCAB"
+         },
+         "\u062E\u062D": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC1A"
+         },
+         "\u062E\u0645": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC1B",
+           "initial": "\uFCAC"
+         },
+         "\u0633\u062C": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC1C",
+           "initial": "\uFCAD",
+           "medial": "\uFD34"
+         },
+         "\u0633\u062D": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC1D",
+           "initial": "\uFCAE",
+           "medial": "\uFD35"
+         },
+         "\u0633\u062E": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC1E",
+           "initial": "\uFCAF",
+           "medial": "\uFD36"
+         },
+         "\u0633\u0645": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC1F",
+           "initial": "\uFCB0",
+           "medial": "\uFCE7"
+         },
+         "\u0635\u062D": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC20",
+           "initial": "\uFCB1"
+         },
+         "\u0635\u0645": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC21",
+           "initial": "\uFCB3"
+         },
+         "\u0636\u062C": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC22",
+           "initial": "\uFCB4"
+         },
+         "\u0636\u062D": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC23",
+           "initial": "\uFCB5"
+         },
+         "\u0636\u062E": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC24",
+           "initial": "\uFCB6"
+         },
+         "\u0636\u0645": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC25",
+           "initial": "\uFCB7"
+         },
+         "\u0637\u062D": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC26",
+           "initial": "\uFCB8"
+         },
+         "\u0637\u0645": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC27",
+           "initial": "\uFD33",
+           "medial": "\uFD3A"
+         },
+         "\u0638\u0645": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC28",
+           "initial": "\uFCB9",
+           "medial": "\uFD3B"
+         },
+         "\u0639\u062C": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC29",
+           "initial": "\uFCBA"
+         },
+         "\u0639\u0645": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC2A",
+           "initial": "\uFCBB"
+         },
+         "\u063A\u062C": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC2B",
+           "initial": "\uFCBC"
+         },
+         "\u063A\u0645": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC2C",
+           "initial": "\uFCBD"
+         },
+         "\u0641\u062C": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC2D",
+           "initial": "\uFCBE"
+         },
+         "\u0641\u062D": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC2E",
+           "initial": "\uFCBF"
+         },
+         "\u0641\u062E": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC2F",
+           "initial": "\uFCC0"
+         },
+         "\u0641\u0645": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC30",
+           "initial": "\uFCC1"
+         },
+         "\u0641\u0649": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC31",
+           "final": "\uFC7C"
+         },
+         "\u0641\u064A": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC32",
+           "final": "\uFC7D"
+         },
+         "\u0642\u062D": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC33",
+           "initial": "\uFCC2"
+         },
+         "\u0642\u0645": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC34",
+           "initial": "\uFCC3"
+         },
+         "\u0642\u0649": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC35",
+           "final": "\uFC7E"
+         },
+         "\u0642\u064A": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC36",
+           "final": "\uFC7F"
+         },
+         "\u0643\u0627": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC37",
+           "final": "\uFC80"
+         },
+         "\u0643\u062C": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC38",
+           "initial": "\uFCC4"
+         },
+         "\u0643\u062D": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC39",
+           "initial": "\uFCC5"
+         },
+         "\u0643\u062E": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC3A",
+           "initial": "\uFCC6"
+         },
+         "\u0643\u0644": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC3B",
+           "final": "\uFC81",
+           "initial": "\uFCC7",
+           "medial": "\uFCEB"
+         },
+         "\u0643\u0645": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC3C",
+           "final": "\uFC82",
+           "initial": "\uFCC8",
+           "medial": "\uFCEC"
+         },
+         "\u0643\u0649": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC3D",
+           "final": "\uFC83"
+         },
+         "\u0643\u064A": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC3E",
+           "final": "\uFC84"
+         },
+         "\u0644\u062C": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC3F",
+           "initial": "\uFCC9"
+         },
+         "\u0644\u062D": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC40",
+           "initial": "\uFCCA"
+         },
+         "\u0644\u062E": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC41",
+           "initial": "\uFCCB"
+         },
+         "\u0644\u0645": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC42",
+           "final": "\uFC85",
+           "initial": "\uFCCC",
+           "medial": "\uFCED"
+         },
+         "\u0644\u0649": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC43",
+           "final": "\uFC86"
+         },
+         "\u0644\u064A": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC44",
+           "final": "\uFC87"
+         },
+         "\u0645\u062C": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC45",
+           "initial": "\uFCCE"
+         },
+         "\u0645\u062D": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC46",
+           "initial": "\uFCCF"
+         },
+         "\u0645\u062E": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC47",
+           "initial": "\uFCD0"
+         },
+         "\u0645\u0645": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC48",
+           "final": "\uFC89",
+           "initial": "\uFCD1"
+         },
+         "\u0645\u0649": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC49"
+         },
+         "\u0645\u064A": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC4A"
+         },
+         "\u0646\u062C": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC4B",
+           "initial": "\uFCD2"
+         },
+         "\u0646\u062D": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC4C",
+           "initial": "\uFCD3"
+         },
+         "\u0646\u062E": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC4D",
+           "initial": "\uFCD4"
+         },
+         "\u0646\u0645": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC4E",
+           "final": "\uFC8C",
+           "initial": "\uFCD5",
+           "medial": "\uFCEE"
+         },
+         "\u0646\u0649": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC4F",
+           "final": "\uFC8E"
+         },
+         "\u0646\u064A": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC50",
+           "final": "\uFC8F"
+         },
+         "\u0647\u062C": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC51",
+           "initial": "\uFCD7"
+         },
+         "\u0647\u0645": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC52",
+           "initial": "\uFCD8"
+         },
+         "\u0647\u0649": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC53"
+         },
+         "\u0647\u064A": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC54"
+         },
+         "\u064A\u062C": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC55",
+           "initial": "\uFCDA"
+         },
+         "\u064A\u062D": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC56",
+           "initial": "\uFCDB"
+         },
+         "\u064A\u062E": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC57",
+           "initial": "\uFCDC"
+         },
+         "\u064A\u0645": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC58",
+           "final": "\uFC93",
+           "initial": "\uFCDD",
+           "medial": "\uFCF0"
+         },
+         "\u064A\u0649": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC59",
+           "final": "\uFC95"
+         },
+         "\u064A\u064A": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC5A",
+           "final": "\uFC96"
+         },
+         "\u0630\u0670": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC5B"
+         },
+         "\u0631\u0670": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC5C"
+         },
+         "\u0649\u0670": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC5D",
+           "final": "\uFC90"
+         },
+         "\u064C\u0651": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC5E"
+         },
+         "\u064D\u0651": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC5F"
+         },
+         "\u064E\u0651": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC60"
+         },
+         "\u064F\u0651": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC61"
+         },
+         "\u0650\u0651": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC62"
+         },
+         "\u0651\u0670": {
+           "isolated": "\uFC63"
+         },
+         "\u0626\u0631": {
+           "final": "\uFC64"
+         },
+         "\u0626\u0632": {
+           "final": "\uFC65"
+         },
+         "\u0626\u0646": {
+           "final": "\uFC67"
+         },
+         "\u0628\u0631": {
+           "final": "\uFC6A"
+         },
+         "\u0628\u0632": {
+           "final": "\uFC6B"
+         },
+         "\u0628\u0646": {
+           "final": "\uFC6D"
+         },
+         "\u062A\u0631": {
+           "final": "\uFC70"
+         },
+         "\u062A\u0632": {
+           "final": "\uFC71"
+         },
+         "\u062A\u0646": {
+           "final": "\uFC73"
+         },
+         "\u062B\u0631": {
+           "final": "\uFC76"
+         },
+         "\u062B\u0632": {
+           "final": "\uFC77"
+         },
+         "\u062B\u0646": {
+           "final": "\uFC79"
+         },
+         "\u062B\u064A": {
+           "final": "\uFC7B"
+         },
+         "\u0645\u0627": {
+           "final": "\uFC88"
+         },
+         "\u0646\u0631": {
+           "final": "\uFC8A"
+         },
+         "\u0646\u0632": {
+           "final": "\uFC8B"
+         },
+         "\u0646\u0646": {
+           "final": "\uFC8D"
+         },
+         "\u064A\u0631": {
+           "final": "\uFC91"
+         },
+         "\u064A\u0632": {
+           "final": "\uFC92"
+         },
+         "\u064A\u0646": {
+           "final": "\uFC94"
+         },
+         "\u0626\u062E": {
+           "initial": "\uFC99"
+         },
+         "\u0626\u0647": {
+           "initial": "\uFC9B",
+           "medial": "\uFCE0"
+         },
+         "\u0628\u0647": {
+           "initial": "\uFCA0",
+           "medial": "\uFCE2"
+         },
+         "\u062A\u0647": {
+           "initial": "\uFCA5",
+           "medial": "\uFCE4"
+         },
+         "\u0635\u062E": {
+           "initial": "\uFCB2"
+         },
+         "\u0644\u0647": {
+           "initial": "\uFCCD"
+         },
+         "\u0646\u0647": {
+           "initial": "\uFCD6",
+           "medial": "\uFCEF"
+         },
+         "\u0647\u0670": {
+           "initial": "\uFCD9"
+         },
+         "\u064A\u0647": {
+           "initial": "\uFCDE",
+           "medial": "\uFCF1"
+         },
+         "\u062B\u0647": {
+           "medial": "\uFCE6"
+         },
+         "\u0633\u0647": {
+           "medial": "\uFCE8",
+           "initial": "\uFD31"
+         },
+         "\u0634\u0645": {
+           "medial": "\uFCE9",
+           "isolated": "\uFD0C",
+           "final": "\uFD28",
+           "initial": "\uFD30"
+         },
+         "\u0634\u0647": {
+           "medial": "\uFCEA",
+           "initial": "\uFD32"
+         },
+         "\u0640\u064E\u0651": {
+           "medial": "\uFCF2"
+         },
+         "\u0640\u064F\u0651": {
+           "medial": "\uFCF3"
+         },
+         "\u0640\u0650\u0651": {
+           "medial": "\uFCF4"
+         },
+         "\u0637\u0649": {
+           "isolated": "\uFCF5",
+           "final": "\uFD11"
+         },
+         "\u0637\u064A": {
+           "isolated": "\uFCF6",
+           "final": "\uFD12"
+         },
+         "\u0639\u0649": {
+           "isolated": "\uFCF7",
+           "final": "\uFD13"
+         },
+         "\u0639\u064A": {
+           "isolated": "\uFCF8",
+           "final": "\uFD14"
+         },
+         "\u063A\u0649": {
+           "isolated": "\uFCF9",
+           "final": "\uFD15"
+         },
+         "\u063A\u064A": {
+           "isolated": "\uFCFA",
+           "final": "\uFD16"
+         },
+         "\u0633\u0649": {
+           "isolated": "\uFCFB"
+         },
+         "\u0633\u064A": {
+           "isolated": "\uFCFC",
+           "final": "\uFD18"
+         },
+         "\u0634\u0649": {
+           "isolated": "\uFCFD",
+           "final": "\uFD19"
+         },
+         "\u0634\u064A": {
+           "isolated": "\uFCFE",
+           "final": "\uFD1A"
+         },
+         "\u062D\u0649": {
+           "isolated": "\uFCFF",
+           "final": "\uFD1B"
+         },
+         "\u062D\u064A": {
+           "isolated": "\uFD00",
+           "final": "\uFD1C"
+         },
+         "\u062C\u0649": {
+           "isolated": "\uFD01",
+           "final": "\uFD1D"
+         },
+         "\u062C\u064A": {
+           "isolated": "\uFD02",
+           "final": "\uFD1E"
+         },
+         "\u062E\u0649": {
+           "isolated": "\uFD03",
+           "final": "\uFD1F"
+         },
+         "\u062E\u064A": {
+           "isolated": "\uFD04",
+           "final": "\uFD20"
+         },
+         "\u0635\u0649": {
+           "isolated": "\uFD05",
+           "final": "\uFD21"
+         },
+         "\u0635\u064A": {
+           "isolated": "\uFD06",
+           "final": "\uFD22"
+         },
+         "\u0636\u0649": {
+           "isolated": "\uFD07",
+           "final": "\uFD23"
+         },
+         "\u0636\u064A": {
+           "isolated": "\uFD08",
+           "final": "\uFD24"
+         },
+         "\u0634\u062C": {
+           "isolated": "\uFD09",
+           "final": "\uFD25",
+           "initial": "\uFD2D",
+           "medial": "\uFD37"
+         },
+         "\u0634\u062D": {
+           "isolated": "\uFD0A",
+           "final": "\uFD26",
+           "initial": "\uFD2E",
+           "medial": "\uFD38"
+         },
+         "\u0634\u062E": {
+           "isolated": "\uFD0B",
+           "final": "\uFD27",
+           "initial": "\uFD2F",
+           "medial": "\uFD39"
+         },
+         "\u0634\u0631": {
+           "isolated": "\uFD0D",
+           "final": "\uFD29"
+         },
+         "\u0633\u0631": {
+           "isolated": "\uFD0E",
+           "final": "\uFD2A"
+         },
+         "\u0635\u0631": {
+           "isolated": "\uFD0F",
+           "final": "\uFD2B"
+         },
+         "\u0636\u0631": {
+           "isolated": "\uFD10",
+           "final": "\uFD2C"
+         },
+         "\u0633\u0639": {
+           "final": "\uFD17"
+         },
+         "\u062A\u062C\u0645": {
+           "initial": "\uFD50"
+         },
+         "\u062A\u062D\u062C": {
+           "final": "\uFD51",
+           "initial": "\uFD52"
+         },
+         "\u062A\u062D\u0645": {
+           "initial": "\uFD53"
+         },
+         "\u062A\u062E\u0645": {
+           "initial": "\uFD54"
+         },
+         "\u062A\u0645\u062C": {
+           "initial": "\uFD55"
+         },
+         "\u062A\u0645\u062D": {
+           "initial": "\uFD56"
+         },
+         "\u062A\u0645\u062E": {
+           "initial": "\uFD57"
+         },
+         "\u062C\u0645\u062D": {
+           "final": "\uFD58",
+           "initial": "\uFD59"
+         },
+         "\u062D\u0645\u064A": {
+           "final": "\uFD5A"
+         },
+         "\u062D\u0645\u0649": {
+           "final": "\uFD5B"
+         },
+         "\u0633\u062D\u062C": {
+           "initial": "\uFD5C"
+         },
+         "\u0633\u062C\u062D": {
+           "initial": "\uFD5D"
+         },
+         "\u0633\u062C\u0649": {
+           "final": "\uFD5E"
+         },
+         "\u0633\u0645\u062D": {
+           "final": "\uFD5F",
+           "initial": "\uFD60"
+         },
+         "\u0633\u0645\u062C": {
+           "initial": "\uFD61"
+         },
+         "\u0633\u0645\u0645": {
+           "final": "\uFD62",
+           "initial": "\uFD63"
+         },
+         "\u0635\u062D\u062D": {
+           "final": "\uFD64",
+           "initial": "\uFD65"
+         },
+         "\u0635\u0645\u0645": {
+           "final": "\uFD66",
+           "initial": "\uFDC5"
+         },
+         "\u0634\u062D\u0645": {
+           "final": "\uFD67",
+           "initial": "\uFD68"
+         },
+         "\u0634\u062C\u064A": {
+           "final": "\uFD69"
+         },
+         "\u0634\u0645\u062E": {
+           "final": "\uFD6A",
+           "initial": "\uFD6B"
+         },
+         "\u0634\u0645\u0645": {
+           "final": "\uFD6C",
+           "initial": "\uFD6D"
+         },
+         "\u0636\u062D\u0649": {
+           "final": "\uFD6E"
+         },
+         "\u0636\u062E\u0645": {
+           "final": "\uFD6F",
+           "initial": "\uFD70"
+         },
+         "\u0636\u0645\u062D": {
+           "final": "\uFD71"
+         },
+         "\u0637\u0645\u062D": {
+           "initial": "\uFD72"
+         },
+         "\u0637\u0645\u0645": {
+           "initial": "\uFD73"
+         },
+         "\u0637\u0645\u064A": {
+           "final": "\uFD74"
+         },
+         "\u0639\u062C\u0645": {
+           "final": "\uFD75",
+           "initial": "\uFDC4"
+         },
+         "\u0639\u0645\u0645": {
+           "final": "\uFD76",
+           "initial": "\uFD77"
+         },
+         "\u0639\u0645\u0649": {
+           "final": "\uFD78"
+         },
+         "\u063A\u0645\u0645": {
+           "final": "\uFD79"
+         },
+         "\u063A\u0645\u064A": {
+           "final": "\uFD7A"
+         },
+         "\u063A\u0645\u0649": {
+           "final": "\uFD7B"
+         },
+         "\u0641\u062E\u0645": {
+           "final": "\uFD7C",
+           "initial": "\uFD7D"
+         },
+         "\u0642\u0645\u062D": {
+           "final": "\uFD7E",
+           "initial": "\uFDB4"
+         },
+         "\u0642\u0645\u0645": {
+           "final": "\uFD7F"
+         },
+         "\u0644\u062D\u0645": {
+           "final": "\uFD80",
+           "initial": "\uFDB5"
+         },
+         "\u0644\u062D\u064A": {
+           "final": "\uFD81"
+         },
+         "\u0644\u062D\u0649": {
+           "final": "\uFD82"
+         },
+         "\u0644\u062C\u062C": {
+           "initial": "\uFD83",
+           "final": "\uFD84"
+         },
+         "\u0644\u062E\u0645": {
+           "final": "\uFD85",
+           "initial": "\uFD86"
+         },
+         "\u0644\u0645\u062D": {
+           "final": "\uFD87",
+           "initial": "\uFD88"
+         },
+         "\u0645\u062D\u062C": {
+           "initial": "\uFD89"
+         },
+         "\u0645\u062D\u0645": {
+           "initial": "\uFD8A"
+         },
+         "\u0645\u062D\u064A": {
+           "final": "\uFD8B"
+         },
+         "\u0645\u062C\u062D": {
+           "initial": "\uFD8C"
+         },
+         "\u0645\u062C\u0645": {
+           "initial": "\uFD8D"
+         },
+         "\u0645\u062E\u062C": {
+           "initial": "\uFD8E"
+         },
+         "\u0645\u062E\u0645": {
+           "initial": "\uFD8F"
+         },
+         "\u0645\u062C\u062E": {
+           "initial": "\uFD92"
+         },
+         "\u0647\u0645\u062C": {
+           "initial": "\uFD93"
+         },
+         "\u0647\u0645\u0645": {
+           "initial": "\uFD94"
+         },
+         "\u0646\u062D\u0645": {
+           "initial": "\uFD95"
+         },
+         "\u0646\u062D\u0649": {
+           "final": "\uFD96"
+         },
+         "\u0646\u062C\u0645": {
+           "final": "\uFD97",
+           "initial": "\uFD98"
+         },
+         "\u0646\u062C\u0649": {
+           "final": "\uFD99"
+         },
+         "\u0646\u0645\u064A": {
+           "final": "\uFD9A"
+         },
+         "\u0646\u0645\u0649": {
+           "final": "\uFD9B"
+         },
+         "\u064A\u0645\u0645": {
+           "final": "\uFD9C",
+           "initial": "\uFD9D"
+         },
+         "\u0628\u062E\u064A": {
+           "final": "\uFD9E"
+         },
+         "\u062A\u062C\u064A": {
+           "final": "\uFD9F"
+         },
+         "\u062A\u062C\u0649": {
+           "final": "\uFDA0"
+         },
+         "\u062A\u062E\u064A": {
+           "final": "\uFDA1"
+         },
+         "\u062A\u062E\u0649": {
+           "final": "\uFDA2"
+         },
+         "\u062A\u0645\u064A": {
+           "final": "\uFDA3"
+         },
+         "\u062A\u0645\u0649": {
+           "final": "\uFDA4"
+         },
+         "\u062C\u0645\u064A": {
+           "final": "\uFDA5"
+         },
+         "\u062C\u062D\u0649": {
+           "final": "\uFDA6"
+         },
+         "\u062C\u0645\u0649": {
+           "final": "\uFDA7"
+         },
+         "\u0633\u062E\u0649": {
+           "final": "\uFDA8"
+         },
+         "\u0635\u062D\u064A": {
+           "final": "\uFDA9"
+         },
+         "\u0634\u062D\u064A": {
+           "final": "\uFDAA"
+         },
+         "\u0636\u062D\u064A": {
+           "final": "\uFDAB"
+         },
+         "\u0644\u062C\u064A": {
+           "final": "\uFDAC"
+         },
+         "\u0644\u0645\u064A": {
+           "final": "\uFDAD"
+         },
+         "\u064A\u062D\u064A": {
+           "final": "\uFDAE"
+         },
+         "\u064A\u062C\u064A": {
+           "final": "\uFDAF"
+         },
+         "\u064A\u0645\u064A": {
+           "final": "\uFDB0"
+         },
+         "\u0645\u0645\u064A": {
+           "final": "\uFDB1"
+         },
+         "\u0642\u0645\u064A": {
+           "final": "\uFDB2"
+         },
+         "\u0646\u062D\u064A": {
+           "final": "\uFDB3"
+         },
+         "\u0639\u0645\u064A": {
+           "final": "\uFDB6"
+         },
+         "\u0643\u0645\u064A": {
+           "final": "\uFDB7"
+         },
+         "\u0646\u062C\u062D": {
+           "initial": "\uFDB8",
+           "final": "\uFDBD"
+         },
+         "\u0645\u062E\u064A": {
+           "final": "\uFDB9"
+         },
+         "\u0644\u062C\u0645": {
+           "initial": "\uFDBA",
+           "final": "\uFDBC"
+         },
+         "\u0643\u0645\u0645": {
+           "final": "\uFDBB",
+           "initial": "\uFDC3"
+         },
+         "\u062C\u062D\u064A": {
+           "final": "\uFDBE"
+         },
+         "\u062D\u062C\u064A": {
+           "final": "\uFDBF"
+         },
+         "\u0645\u062C\u064A": {
+           "final": "\uFDC0"
+         },
+         "\u0641\u0645\u064A": {
+           "final": "\uFDC1"
+         },
+         "\u0628\u062D\u064A": {
+           "final": "\uFDC2"
+         },
+         "\u0633\u062E\u064A": {
+           "final": "\uFDC6"
+         },
+         "\u0646\u062C\u064A": {
+           "final": "\uFDC7"
+         },
+         "\u0644\u0622": {
+           "isolated": "\uFEF5",
+           "final": "\uFEF6"
+         },
+         "\u0644\u0623": {
+           "isolated": "\uFEF7",
+           "final": "\uFEF8"
+         },
+         "\u0644\u0625": {
+           "isolated": "\uFEF9",
+           "final": "\uFEFA"
+         },
+         "\u0644\u0627": {
+           "isolated": "\uFEFB",
+           "final": "\uFEFC"
+         },
+         "words": {
+           "\u0635\u0644\u06D2": "\uFDF0",
+           "\u0642\u0644\u06D2": "\uFDF1",
+           "\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647": "\uFDF2",
+           "\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0631": "\uFDF3",
+           "\u0645\u062D\u0645\u062F": "\uFDF4",
+           "\u0635\u0644\u0639\u0645": "\uFDF5",
+           "\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644": "\uFDF6",
+           "\u0639\u0644\u064A\u0647": "\uFDF7",
+           "\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645": "\uFDF8",
+           "\u0635\u0644\u0649": "\uFDF9",
+           "\u0635\u0644\u0649\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0639\u0644\u064A\u0647\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645": "\uFDFA",
+           "\u062C\u0644\u062C\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647": "\uFDFB",
+           "\u0631\u06CC\u0627\u0644": "\uFDFC"
+         }
+       };
+       var _default$2 = ligatureReference;
+       var unicodeLigatures = /*#__PURE__*/Object.defineProperty({
+         "default": _default$2
+       }, '__esModule', {
+         value: true
+       });
 
-           function reset(selection) {
-               selection
-                   .style('stroke-opacity', null)
-                   .style('stroke-width', null)
-                   .style('fill-opacity', null)
-                   .style('r', null);
-           }
+       var reference = createCommonjsModule(function (module, exports) {
 
+         Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", {
+           value: true
+         });
+         var letterList = Object.keys(unicodeArabic["default"]);
+         exports.letterList = letterList;
+         var ligatureList = Object.keys(unicodeLigatures["default"]);
+         exports.ligatureList = ligatureList;
+         var ligatureWordList = Object.keys(unicodeLigatures["default"].words);
+         exports.ligatureWordList = ligatureWordList;
+         var lams = "\u0644\u06B5\u06B6\u06B7\u06B8";
+         exports.lams = lams;
+         var alefs = "\u0627\u0622\u0623\u0625\u0671\u0672\u0673\u0675\u0773\u0774";
+         exports.alefs = alefs; // for (var l = 1; l < lams.length; l++) {
+         //   console.log('-');
+         //   for (var a = 0; a < alefs.length; a++) {
+         //     console.log(a + ': ' + lams[l] + alefs[a]);
+         //   }
+         // }
 
-           function setAnimationParams(transition, fromTo) {
-               var toFrom = (fromTo === 'from' ? 'to' : 'from');
+         var tashkeel = "\u0605\u0640\u0670\u0674\u06DF\u06E7\u06E8";
+         exports.tashkeel = tashkeel;
 
-               transition
-                   .styleTween('stroke-opacity', function(d) {
-                       return ratchetyInterpolator(
-                           _params[d.id][toFrom].opacity,
-                           _params[d.id][fromTo].opacity,
-                           steps
-                       );
-                   })
-                   .styleTween('stroke-width', function(d) {
-                       return ratchetyInterpolator(
-                           _params[d.id][toFrom].width,
-                           _params[d.id][fromTo].width,
-                           steps,
-                           'px'
-                       );
-                   })
-                   .styleTween('fill-opacity', function(d) {
-                       return ratchetyInterpolator(
-                           _params[d.id][toFrom].opacity,
-                           _params[d.id][fromTo].opacity,
-                           steps
-                       );
-                   })
-                   .styleTween('r', function(d) {
-                       return ratchetyInterpolator(
-                           _params[d.id][toFrom].width,
-                           _params[d.id][fromTo].width,
-                           steps,
-                           'px'
-                       );
-                   });
+         function addToTashkeel(start, finish) {
+           for (var i = start; i <= finish; i++) {
+             exports.tashkeel = tashkeel += String.fromCharCode(i);
            }
+         }
 
+         addToTashkeel(0x0610, 0x061A);
+         addToTashkeel(0x064B, 0x065F);
+         addToTashkeel(0x06D6, 0x06DC);
+         addToTashkeel(0x06E0, 0x06E4);
+         addToTashkeel(0x06EA, 0x06ED);
+         addToTashkeel(0x08D3, 0x08E1);
+         addToTashkeel(0x08E3, 0x08FF);
+         addToTashkeel(0xFE70, 0xFE7F);
+         var lineBreakers = "\u0627\u0629\u0648\u06C0\u06CF\u06FD\u06FE\u076B\u076C\u0771\u0773\u0774\u0778\u0779\u08E2\u08B1\u08B2\u08B9";
+         exports.lineBreakers = lineBreakers;
 
-           function calcAnimationParams(selection) {
-               selection
-                   .call(reset)
-                   .each(function(d) {
-                       var s = select(this);
-                       var tag = s.node().tagName;
-                       var p = {'from': {}, 'to': {}};
-                       var opacity;
-                       var width;
-
-                       // determine base opacity and width
-                       if (tag === 'circle') {
-                           opacity = parseFloat(s.style('fill-opacity') || 0.5);
-                           width = parseFloat(s.style('r') || 15.5);
-                       } else {
-                           opacity = parseFloat(s.style('stroke-opacity') || 0.7);
-                           width = parseFloat(s.style('stroke-width') || 10);
-                       }
-
-                       // calculate from/to interpolation params..
-                       p.tag = tag;
-                       p.from.opacity = opacity * 0.6;
-                       p.to.opacity = opacity * 1.25;
-                       p.from.width = width * 0.7;
-                       p.to.width = width * (tag === 'circle' ? 1.5 : 1);
-                       _params[d.id] = p;
-                   });
+         function addToLineBreakers(start, finish) {
+           for (var i = start; i <= finish; i++) {
+             exports.lineBreakers = lineBreakers += String.fromCharCode(i);
            }
+         }
 
+         addToLineBreakers(0x0600, 0x061F); // it's OK to include tashkeel in this range as it is ignored
 
-           function run(surface, fromTo) {
-               var toFrom = (fromTo === 'from' ? 'to' : 'from');
-               var currSelected = surface.selectAll(selector);
-               var currClassed = surface.attr('class');
-
-               if (_done || currSelected.empty()) {
-                   _selected.call(reset);
-                   _selected = select(null);
-                   return;
-               }
+         addToLineBreakers(0x0621, 0x0625);
+         addToLineBreakers(0x062F, 0x0632);
+         addToLineBreakers(0x0660, 0x066D); // numerals, math
 
-               if (!fastDeepEqual(currSelected.data(), _selected.data()) || currClassed !== _classed) {
-                   _selected.call(reset);
-                   _classed = currClassed;
-                   _selected = currSelected.call(calcAnimationParams);
-               }
+         addToLineBreakers(0x0671, 0x0677);
+         addToLineBreakers(0x0688, 0x0699);
+         addToLineBreakers(0x06C3, 0x06CB);
+         addToLineBreakers(0x06D2, 0x06F9);
+         addToLineBreakers(0x0759, 0x075B);
+         addToLineBreakers(0x08AA, 0x08AE);
+         addToLineBreakers(0xFB50, 0xFDFD); // presentation forms look like they could connect, but never do
+         // Presentation Forms A includes diacritics but they are meant to stand alone
 
-               var didCallNextRun = false;
+         addToLineBreakers(0xFE80, 0xFEFC); // presentation forms look like they could connect, but never do
+         // numerals, math
 
-               _selected
-                   .transition()
-                   .duration(duration)
-                   .call(setAnimationParams, fromTo)
-                   .on('end', function() {
-                       // `end` event is called for each selected element, but we want
-                       // it to run only once
-                       if (!didCallNextRun) {
-                           surface.call(run, toFrom);
-                           didCallNextRun = true;
-                       }
+         addToLineBreakers(0x10E60, 0x10E7F);
+         addToLineBreakers(0x1EC70, 0x1ECBF);
+         addToLineBreakers(0x1EE00, 0x1EEFF);
+       });
 
-                       // if entity was deselected, remove breathe styling
-                       if (!select(this).classed('selected')) {
-                           reset(select(this));
-                       }
-                   });
+       function GlyphSplitter(word) {
+         var letters = [];
+         var lastLetter = '';
+         word.split('').forEach(function (letter) {
+           if (isArabic_1.isArabic(letter)) {
+             if (reference.tashkeel.indexOf(letter) > -1) {
+               letters[letters.length - 1] += letter;
+             } else if (lastLetter.length && (reference.lams.indexOf(lastLetter) === 0 && reference.alefs.indexOf(letter) > -1 || reference.lams.indexOf(lastLetter) > 0 && reference.alefs.indexOf(letter) === 0)) {
+               // valid LA forms
+               letters[letters.length - 1] += letter;
+             } else {
+               letters.push(letter);
+             }
+           } else {
+             letters.push(letter);
            }
 
-           function behavior(surface) {
-               _done = false;
-               _timer = timer(function() {
-                   // wait for elements to actually become selected
-                   if (surface.selectAll(selector).empty()) {
-                       return false;
-                   }
-
-                   surface.call(run, 'from');
-                   _timer.stop();
-                   return true;
-               }, 20);
+           if (reference.tashkeel.indexOf(letter) === -1) {
+             lastLetter = letter;
            }
-
-           behavior.restartIfNeeded = function(surface) {
-               if (_selected.empty()) {
-                   surface.call(run, 'from');
-                   if (_timer) {
-                       _timer.stop();
-                   }
-               }
-           };
-
-           behavior.off = function() {
-               _done = true;
-               if (_timer) {
-                   _timer.stop();
-               }
-               _selected
-                   .interrupt()
-                   .call(reset);
-           };
-
-
-           return behavior;
+         });
+         return letters;
        }
 
-       /* Creates a keybinding behavior for an operation */
-       function behaviorOperation(context) {
-           var _operation;
-
-           function keypress() {
-               // prevent operations during low zoom selection
-               if (!context.map().withinEditableZoom()) return;
-
-               event.preventDefault();
-               var disabled = _operation.disabled();
-
-               if (disabled) {
-                   context.ui().flash
-                       .duration(4000)
-                       .iconName('#iD-operation-' + _operation.id)
-                       .iconClass('operation disabled')
-                       .text(_operation.tooltip)();
-
-               } else {
-                   context.ui().flash
-                       .duration(2000)
-                       .iconName('#iD-operation-' + _operation.id)
-                       .iconClass('operation')
-                       .text(_operation.annotation() || _operation.title)();
+       var GlyphSplitter_2 = GlyphSplitter;
+       var GlyphSplitter_1 = /*#__PURE__*/Object.defineProperty({
+         GlyphSplitter: GlyphSplitter_2
+       }, '__esModule', {
+         value: true
+       });
 
-                   if (_operation.point) _operation.point(null);
-                   _operation();
-               }
+       function BaselineSplitter(word) {
+         var letters = [];
+         var lastLetter = '';
+         word.split('').forEach(function (letter) {
+           if (isArabic_1.isArabic(letter) && isArabic_1.isArabic(lastLetter)) {
+             if (lastLetter.length && reference.tashkeel.indexOf(letter) > -1) {
+               letters[letters.length - 1] += letter;
+             } else if (reference.lineBreakers.indexOf(lastLetter) > -1) {
+               letters.push(letter);
+             } else {
+               letters[letters.length - 1] += letter;
+             }
+           } else {
+             letters.push(letter);
            }
 
-
-           function behavior() {
-               if (_operation && _operation.available()) {
-                   context.keybinding()
-                       .on(_operation.keys, keypress);
-               }
-
-               return behavior;
+           if (reference.tashkeel.indexOf(letter) === -1) {
+             // don't allow tashkeel to hide line break
+             lastLetter = letter;
            }
-
-
-           behavior.off = function() {
-               context.keybinding()
-                   .off(_operation.keys);
-           };
-
-
-           behavior.which = function (_) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _operation;
-               _operation = _;
-               return behavior;
-           };
-
-
-           return behavior;
+         });
+         return letters;
        }
 
-       function operationCircularize(context, selectedIDs) {
-           var _extent;
-           var _actions = selectedIDs.map(getAction).filter(Boolean);
-           var _amount = _actions.length === 1 ? 'single' : 'multiple';
-           var _coords = utilGetAllNodes(selectedIDs, context.graph())
-               .map(function(n) { return n.loc; });
-
-           function getAction(entityID) {
-
-               var entity = context.entity(entityID);
-
-               if (entity.type !== 'way' || new Set(entity.nodes).size <= 1) return null;
+       var BaselineSplitter_2 = BaselineSplitter;
+       var BaselineSplitter_1 = /*#__PURE__*/Object.defineProperty({
+         BaselineSplitter: BaselineSplitter_2
+       }, '__esModule', {
+         value: true
+       });
 
-               if (!_extent) {
-                   _extent =  entity.extent(context.graph());
-               } else {
-                   _extent = _extent.extend(entity.extent(context.graph()));
-               }
+       function Normal(word, breakPresentationForm) {
+         // default is to turn initial/isolated/medial/final presentation form to generic
+         if (typeof breakPresentationForm === 'undefined') {
+           breakPresentationForm = true;
+         }
 
-               return actionCircularize(entityID, context.projection);
+         var returnable = '';
+         word.split('').forEach(function (letter) {
+           if (!isArabic_1.isArabic(letter)) {
+             returnable += letter;
+             return;
            }
 
-           var operation = function() {
-               if (!_actions.length) return;
-
-               var combinedAction = function(graph, t) {
-                   _actions.forEach(function(action) {
-                       if (!action.disabled(graph)) {
-                           graph = action(graph, t);
-                       }
-                   });
-                   return graph;
-               };
-               combinedAction.transitionable = true;
-
-               context.perform(combinedAction, operation.annotation());
+           for (var w = 0; w < reference.letterList.length; w++) {
+             // ok so we are checking this potential lettertron
+             var letterForms = unicodeArabic["default"][reference.letterList[w]];
+             var versions = Object.keys(letterForms);
 
-               window.setTimeout(function() {
-                   context.validator().validate();
-               }, 300);  // after any transition
-           };
+             for (var v = 0; v < versions.length; v++) {
+               var localVersion = letterForms[versions[v]];
 
+               if (_typeof(localVersion) === 'object' && typeof localVersion.indexOf === 'undefined') {
+                 // look at this embedded object
+                 var embeddedForms = Object.keys(localVersion);
 
-           operation.available = function() {
-               return _actions.length && selectedIDs.length === _actions.length;
-           };
+                 for (var ef = 0; ef < embeddedForms.length; ef++) {
+                   var form = localVersion[embeddedForms[ef]];
 
+                   if (form === letter || _typeof(form) === 'object' && form.indexOf && form.indexOf(letter) > -1) {
+                     // match
+                     // console.log('embedded match');
+                     if (form === letter) {
+                       // match exact
+                       if (breakPresentationForm && localVersion['normal'] && ['isolated', 'initial', 'medial', 'final'].indexOf(embeddedForms[ef]) > -1) {
+                         // replace presentation form
+                         // console.log('keeping normal form of the letter');
+                         if (_typeof(localVersion['normal']) === 'object') {
+                           returnable += localVersion['normal'][0];
+                         } else {
+                           returnable += localVersion['normal'];
+                         }
 
-           // don't cache this because the visible extent could change
-           operation.disabled = function() {
-               if (!_actions.length) return '';
+                         return;
+                       } // console.log('keeping this letter');
 
-               var actionDisableds = _actions.map(function(action) {
-                   return action.disabled(context.graph());
-               }).filter(Boolean);
 
-               if (actionDisableds.length === _actions.length) {
-                   // none of the features can be circularized
+                       returnable += letter;
+                       return;
+                     } else if (_typeof(form) === 'object' && form.indexOf && form.indexOf(letter) > -1) {
+                       // match
+                       returnable += form[0]; // console.log('added the first letter from the same array');
 
-                   if (new Set(actionDisableds).size > 1) {
-                       return 'multiple_blockers';
+                       return;
+                     }
                    }
-                   return actionDisableds[0];
-               } else if (_extent.percentContainedIn(context.map().extent()) < 0.8) {
-                   return 'too_large';
-               } else if (someMissing()) {
-                   return 'not_downloaded';
-               } else if (selectedIDs.some(context.hasHiddenConnections)) {
-                   return 'connected_to_hidden';
-               }
-
-               return false;
-
-
-               function someMissing() {
-                   if (context.inIntro()) return false;
-                   var osm = context.connection();
-                   if (osm) {
-                       var missing = _coords.filter(function(loc) { return !osm.isDataLoaded(loc); });
-                       if (missing.length) {
-                           missing.forEach(function(loc) { context.loadTileAtLoc(loc); });
-                           return true;
-                       }
+                 }
+               } else if (localVersion === letter) {
+                 // match exact
+                 if (breakPresentationForm && letterForms['normal'] && ['isolated', 'initial', 'medial', 'final'].indexOf(versions[v]) > -1) {
+                   // replace presentation form
+                   // console.log('keeping normal form of the letter');
+                   if (_typeof(letterForms['normal']) === 'object') {
+                     returnable += letterForms['normal'][0];
+                   } else {
+                     returnable += letterForms['normal'];
                    }
-                   return false;
-               }
-           };
-
-
-           operation.tooltip = function() {
-               var disable = operation.disabled();
-               return disable ?
-                   _t('operations.circularize.' + disable + '.' + _amount) :
-                   _t('operations.circularize.description.' + _amount);
-           };
-
-
-           operation.annotation = function() {
-               return _t('operations.circularize.annotation.' + _amount);
-           };
 
+                   return;
+                 } // console.log('keeping this letter');
 
-           operation.id = 'circularize';
-           operation.keys = [_t('operations.circularize.key')];
-           operation.title = _t('operations.circularize.title');
-           operation.behavior = behaviorOperation(context).which(operation);
 
-           return operation;
-       }
+                 returnable += letter;
+                 return;
+               } else if (_typeof(localVersion) === 'object' && localVersion.indexOf && localVersion.indexOf(letter) > -1) {
+                 // match
+                 returnable += localVersion[0]; // console.log('added the first letter from the same array');
 
-       // Translate a MacOS key command into the appropriate Windows/Linux equivalent.
-       // For example, ⌘Z -> Ctrl+Z
-       var uiCmd = function (code) {
-           var detected = utilDetect();
+                 return;
+               }
+             }
+           } // try ligatures
 
-           if (detected.os === 'mac') {
-               return code;
-           }
 
-           if (detected.os === 'win') {
-               if (code === '⌘⇧Z') return 'Ctrl+Y';
-           }
+           for (var v2 = 0; v2 < reference.ligatureList.length; v2++) {
+             var normalForm = reference.ligatureList[v2];
 
-           var result = '',
-               replacements = {
-                   '⌘': 'Ctrl',
-                   '⇧': 'Shift',
-                   '⌥': 'Alt',
-                   '⌫': 'Backspace',
-                   '⌦': 'Delete'
-               };
+             if (normalForm !== 'words') {
+               var ligForms = Object.keys(unicodeLigatures["default"][normalForm]);
 
-           for (var i = 0; i < code.length; i++) {
-               if (code[i] in replacements) {
-                   result += replacements[code[i]] + (i < code.length - 1 ? '+' : '');
-               } else {
-                   result += code[i];
+               for (var f = 0; f < ligForms.length; f++) {
+                 if (unicodeLigatures["default"][normalForm][ligForms[f]] === letter) {
+                   returnable += normalForm;
+                   return;
+                 }
                }
-           }
+             }
+           } // try words ligatures
 
-           return result;
-       };
 
+           for (var v3 = 0; v3 < reference.ligatureWordList.length; v3++) {
+             var _normalForm = reference.ligatureWordList[v3];
 
-       // return a display-focused string for a given keyboard code
-       uiCmd.display = function(code) {
-           if (code.length !== 1) return code;
+             if (unicodeLigatures["default"].words[_normalForm] === letter) {
+               returnable += _normalForm;
+               return;
+             }
+           }
 
-           var detected = utilDetect();
-           var mac = (detected.os === 'mac');
-           var replacements = {
-               '⌘': mac ? '⌘ ' + _t('shortcuts.key.cmd')    : _t('shortcuts.key.ctrl'),
-               '⇧': mac ? '⇧ ' + _t('shortcuts.key.shift')  : _t('shortcuts.key.shift'),
-               '⌥': mac ? '⌥ ' + _t('shortcuts.key.option') : _t('shortcuts.key.alt'),
-               '⌃': mac ? '⌃ ' + _t('shortcuts.key.ctrl')   : _t('shortcuts.key.ctrl'),
-               '⌫': mac ? '⌫ ' + _t('shortcuts.key.delete') : _t('shortcuts.key.backspace'),
-               '⌦': mac ? '⌦ ' + _t('shortcuts.key.del')    : _t('shortcuts.key.del'),
-               '↖': mac ? '↖ ' + _t('shortcuts.key.pgup')   : _t('shortcuts.key.pgup'),
-               '↘': mac ? '↘ ' + _t('shortcuts.key.pgdn')   : _t('shortcuts.key.pgdn'),
-               '⇞': mac ? '⇞ ' + _t('shortcuts.key.home')   : _t('shortcuts.key.home'),
-               '⇟': mac ? '⇟ ' + _t('shortcuts.key.end')    : _t('shortcuts.key.end'),
-               '↵': mac ? '⏎ ' + _t('shortcuts.key.return') : _t('shortcuts.key.enter'),
-               '⎋': mac ? '⎋ ' + _t('shortcuts.key.esc')    : _t('shortcuts.key.esc'),
-               '☰': mac ? '☰ ' + _t('shortcuts.key.menu')  : _t('shortcuts.key.menu'),
-           };
+           returnable += letter; // console.log('kept the letter')
+         });
+         return returnable;
+       }
 
-           return replacements[code] || code;
-       };
+       var Normal_1 = Normal;
+       var Normalization = /*#__PURE__*/Object.defineProperty({
+         Normal: Normal_1
+       }, '__esModule', {
+         value: true
+       });
 
-       function operationDelete(context, selectedIDs) {
-           var multi = (selectedIDs.length === 1 ? 'single' : 'multiple');
-           var action = actionDeleteMultiple(selectedIDs);
-           var nodes = utilGetAllNodes(selectedIDs, context.graph());
-           var coords = nodes.map(function(n) { return n.loc; });
-           var extent = utilTotalExtent(selectedIDs, context.graph());
+       function CharShaper(letter, form) {
+         if (!isArabic_1.isArabic(letter)) {
+           // fail not Arabic
+           throw new Error('Not Arabic');
+         }
 
+         if (letter === "\u0621") {
+           // hamza alone
+           return "\u0621";
+         }
 
-           var operation = function() {
-               var nextSelectedID;
-               var nextSelectedLoc;
+         for (var w = 0; w < reference.letterList.length; w++) {
+           // ok so we are checking this potential lettertron
+           var letterForms = unicodeArabic["default"][reference.letterList[w]];
+           var versions = Object.keys(letterForms);
 
-               if (selectedIDs.length === 1) {
-                   var id = selectedIDs[0];
-                   var entity = context.entity(id);
-                   var geometry = entity.geometry(context.graph());
-                   var parents = context.graph().parentWays(entity);
-                   var parent = parents[0];
-
-                   // Select the next closest node in the way.
-                   if (geometry === 'vertex') {
-                       var nodes = parent.nodes;
-                       var i = nodes.indexOf(id);
-
-                       if (i === 0) {
-                           i++;
-                       } else if (i === nodes.length - 1) {
-                           i--;
-                       } else {
-                           var a = geoSphericalDistance(entity.loc, context.entity(nodes[i - 1]).loc);
-                           var b = geoSphericalDistance(entity.loc, context.entity(nodes[i + 1]).loc);
-                           i = a < b ? i - 1 : i + 1;
-                       }
+           for (var v = 0; v < versions.length; v++) {
+             var localVersion = letterForms[versions[v]];
 
-                       nextSelectedID = nodes[i];
-                       nextSelectedLoc = context.entity(nextSelectedID).loc;
-                   }
+             if (localVersion === letter || _typeof(localVersion) === 'object' && localVersion.indexOf && localVersion.indexOf(letter) > -1) {
+               if (versions.indexOf(form) > -1) {
+                 return letterForms[form];
                }
+             } else if (_typeof(localVersion) === 'object' && typeof localVersion.indexOf === 'undefined') {
+               // check embedded
+               var embeddedVersions = Object.keys(localVersion);
 
-               context.perform(action, operation.annotation());
-               context.validator().validate();
-
-               if (nextSelectedID && nextSelectedLoc) {
-                   if (context.hasEntity(nextSelectedID)) {
-                       context.enter(modeSelect(context, [nextSelectedID]).follow(true));
-                   } else {
-                       context.map().centerEase(nextSelectedLoc);
-                       context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+               for (var ev = 0; ev < embeddedVersions.length; ev++) {
+                 if (localVersion[embeddedVersions[ev]] === letter || _typeof(localVersion[embeddedVersions[ev]]) === 'object' && localVersion[embeddedVersions[ev]].indexOf && localVersion[embeddedVersions[ev]].indexOf(letter) > -1) {
+                   if (embeddedVersions.indexOf(form) > -1) {
+                     return localVersion[form];
                    }
-               } else {
-                   context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
-               }
-
-           };
-
-
-           operation.available = function() {
-               return true;
-           };
-
-
-           operation.disabled = function() {
-               if (extent.percentContainedIn(context.map().extent()) < 0.8) {
-                   return 'too_large';
-               } else if (someMissing()) {
-                   return 'not_downloaded';
-               } else if (selectedIDs.some(context.hasHiddenConnections)) {
-                   return 'connected_to_hidden';
-               } else if (selectedIDs.some(protectedMember)) {
-                   return 'part_of_relation';
-               } else if (selectedIDs.some(incompleteRelation)) {
-                   return 'incomplete_relation';
-               } else if (selectedIDs.some(hasWikidataTag)) {
-                   return 'has_wikidata_tag';
+                 }
                }
+             }
+           }
+         }
+       }
 
-               return false;
-
-
-               function someMissing() {
-                   if (context.inIntro()) return false;
-                   var osm = context.connection();
-                   if (osm) {
-                       var missing = coords.filter(function(loc) { return !osm.isDataLoaded(loc); });
-                       if (missing.length) {
-                           missing.forEach(function(loc) { context.loadTileAtLoc(loc); });
-                           return true;
-                       }
-                   }
-                   return false;
-               }
+       var CharShaper_2 = CharShaper;
+       var CharShaper_1 = /*#__PURE__*/Object.defineProperty({
+         CharShaper: CharShaper_2
+       }, '__esModule', {
+         value: true
+       });
 
-               function hasWikidataTag(id) {
-                   var entity = context.entity(id);
-                   return entity.tags.wikidata && entity.tags.wikidata.trim().length > 0;
-               }
+       function WordShaper$1(word) {
+         var state = 'initial';
+         var output = '';
 
-               function incompleteRelation(id) {
-                   var entity = context.entity(id);
-                   return entity.type === 'relation' && !entity.isComplete(context.graph());
-               }
+         for (var w = 0; w < word.length; w++) {
+           var nextLetter = ' ';
 
-               function protectedMember(id) {
-                   var entity = context.entity(id);
-                   if (entity.type !== 'way') return false;
-
-                   var parents = context.graph().parentRelations(entity);
-                   for (var i = 0; i < parents.length; i++) {
-                       var parent = parents[i];
-                       var type = parent.tags.type;
-                       var role = parent.memberById(id).role || 'outer';
-                       if (type === 'route' || type === 'boundary' || (type === 'multipolygon' && role === 'outer')) {
-                           return true;
-                       }
-                   }
-                   return false;
-               }
-           };
+           for (var nxw = w + 1; nxw < word.length; nxw++) {
+             if (!isArabic_1.isArabic(word[nxw])) {
+               break;
+             }
 
+             if (reference.tashkeel.indexOf(word[nxw]) === -1) {
+               nextLetter = word[nxw];
+               break;
+             }
+           }
 
-           operation.tooltip = function() {
-               var disable = operation.disabled();
-               return disable ?
-                   _t('operations.delete.' + disable + '.' + multi) :
-                   _t('operations.delete.description' + '.' + multi);
-           };
+           if (!isArabic_1.isArabic(word[w]) || isArabic_1.isMath(word[w])) {
+             // space or other non-Arabic
+             output += word[w];
+             state = 'initial';
+           } else if (reference.tashkeel.indexOf(word[w]) > -1) {
+             // tashkeel - add without changing state
+             output += word[w];
+           } else if (nextLetter === ' ' || // last Arabic letter in this word
+           reference.lineBreakers.indexOf(word[w]) > -1) {
+             // the current letter is known to break lines
+             output += CharShaper_1.CharShaper(word[w], state === 'initial' ? 'isolated' : 'final');
+             state = 'initial';
+           } else if (reference.lams.indexOf(word[w]) > -1 && reference.alefs.indexOf(nextLetter) > -1) {
+             // LA letters - advance an additional letter after this
+             output += unicodeLigatures["default"][word[w] + nextLetter][state === 'initial' ? 'isolated' : 'final'];
 
+             while (word[w] !== nextLetter) {
+               w++;
+             }
 
-           operation.annotation = function() {
-               return selectedIDs.length === 1 ?
-                   _t('operations.delete.annotation.' + context.graph().geometry(selectedIDs[0])) :
-                   _t('operations.delete.annotation.multiple', { n: selectedIDs.length });
-           };
+             state = 'initial';
+           } else {
+             output += CharShaper_1.CharShaper(word[w], state);
+             state = 'medial';
+           }
+         }
 
+         return output;
+       }
 
-           operation.id = 'delete';
-           operation.keys = [uiCmd('⌘⌫'), uiCmd('⌘⌦'), uiCmd('⌦')];
-           operation.title = _t('operations.delete.title');
-           operation.behavior = behaviorOperation(context).which(operation);
+       var WordShaper_2 = WordShaper$1;
+       var WordShaper_1 = /*#__PURE__*/Object.defineProperty({
+         WordShaper: WordShaper_2
+       }, '__esModule', {
+         value: true
+       });
 
-           return operation;
-       }
+       function ParentLetter(letter) {
+         if (!isArabic_1.isArabic(letter)) {
+           throw new Error('Not an Arabic letter');
+         }
 
-       function operationOrthogonalize(context, selectedIDs) {
-           var _extent;
-           var _type;
-           var _actions = selectedIDs.map(chooseAction).filter(Boolean);
-           var _amount = _actions.length === 1 ? 'single' : 'multiple';
-           var _coords = utilGetAllNodes(selectedIDs, context.graph())
-               .map(function(n) { return n.loc; });
+         for (var w = 0; w < reference.letterList.length; w++) {
+           // ok so we are checking this potential lettertron
+           var letterForms = unicodeArabic["default"][reference.letterList[w]];
+           var versions = Object.keys(letterForms);
 
+           for (var v = 0; v < versions.length; v++) {
+             var localVersion = letterForms[versions[v]];
 
-           function chooseAction(entityID) {
+             if (_typeof(localVersion) === 'object' && typeof localVersion.indexOf === 'undefined') {
+               // look at this embedded object
+               var embeddedForms = Object.keys(localVersion);
 
-               var entity = context.entity(entityID);
-               var geometry = entity.geometry(context.graph());
+               for (var ef = 0; ef < embeddedForms.length; ef++) {
+                 var form = localVersion[embeddedForms[ef]];
 
-               if (!_extent) {
-                   _extent =  entity.extent(context.graph());
-               } else {
-                   _extent = _extent.extend(entity.extent(context.graph()));
-               }
-
-               // square a line/area
-               if (entity.type === 'way' && new Set(entity.nodes).size > 2 ) {
-                   if (_type && _type !== 'feature') return null;
-                   _type = 'feature';
-                   return actionOrthogonalize(entityID, context.projection);
-
-               // square a single vertex
-               } else if (geometry === 'vertex') {
-                   if (_type && _type !== 'corner') return null;
-                   _type = 'corner';
-                   var graph = context.graph();
-                   var parents = graph.parentWays(entity);
-                   if (parents.length === 1) {
-                       var way = parents[0];
-                       if (way.nodes.indexOf(entityID) !== -1) {
-                           return actionOrthogonalize(way.id, context.projection, entityID);
-                       }
-                   }
+                 if (form === letter || _typeof(form) === 'object' && form.indexOf && form.indexOf(letter) > -1) {
+                   // match
+                   return localVersion;
+                 }
                }
-
-               return null;
+             } else if (localVersion === letter || _typeof(localVersion) === 'object' && localVersion.indexOf && localVersion.indexOf(letter) > -1) {
+               // match
+               return letterForms;
+             }
            }
 
+           return null;
+         }
+       }
 
-           var operation = function() {
-               if (!_actions.length) return;
-
-               var combinedAction = function(graph, t) {
-                   _actions.forEach(function(action) {
-                       if (!action.disabled(graph)) {
-                           graph = action(graph, t);
-                       }
-                   });
-                   return graph;
-               };
-               combinedAction.transitionable = true;
-
-               context.perform(combinedAction, operation.annotation());
-
-               window.setTimeout(function() {
-                   context.validator().validate();
-               }, 300);  // after any transition
-           };
-
-
-           operation.available = function() {
-               return _actions.length && selectedIDs.length === _actions.length;
-           };
-
-
-           // don't cache this because the visible extent could change
-           operation.disabled = function() {
-               if (!_actions.length) return '';
+       var ParentLetter_2 = ParentLetter;
 
-               var actionDisableds = _actions.map(function(action) {
-                   return action.disabled(context.graph());
-               }).filter(Boolean);
+       function GrandparentLetter(letter) {
+         if (!isArabic_1.isArabic(letter)) {
+           throw new Error('Not an Arabic letter');
+         }
 
-               if (actionDisableds.length === _actions.length) {
-                   // none of the features can be squared
+         for (var w = 0; w < reference.letterList.length; w++) {
+           // ok so we are checking this potential lettertron
+           var letterForms = unicodeArabic["default"][reference.letterList[w]];
+           var versions = Object.keys(letterForms);
 
-                   if (new Set(actionDisableds).size > 1) {
-                       return 'multiple_blockers';
-                   }
-                   return actionDisableds[0];
-               } else if (_extent &&
-                          _extent.percentContainedIn(context.map().extent()) < 0.8) {
-                   return 'too_large';
-               } else if (someMissing()) {
-                   return 'not_downloaded';
-               } else if (selectedIDs.some(context.hasHiddenConnections)) {
-                   return 'connected_to_hidden';
-               }
+           for (var v = 0; v < versions.length; v++) {
+             var localVersion = letterForms[versions[v]];
 
-               return false;
+             if (_typeof(localVersion) === 'object' && typeof localVersion.indexOf === 'undefined') {
+               // look at this embedded object
+               var embeddedForms = Object.keys(localVersion);
 
+               for (var ef = 0; ef < embeddedForms.length; ef++) {
+                 var form = localVersion[embeddedForms[ef]];
 
-               function someMissing() {
-                   if (context.inIntro()) return false;
-                   var osm = context.connection();
-                   if (osm) {
-                       var missing = _coords.filter(function(loc) { return !osm.isDataLoaded(loc); });
-                       if (missing.length) {
-                           missing.forEach(function(loc) { context.loadTileAtLoc(loc); });
-                           return true;
-                       }
-                   }
-                   return false;
+                 if (form === letter || _typeof(form) === 'object' && form.indexOf && form.indexOf(letter) > -1) {
+                   // match
+                   return letterForms;
+                 }
                }
-           };
+             } else if (localVersion === letter || _typeof(localVersion) === 'object' && localVersion.indexOf && localVersion.indexOf(letter) > -1) {
+               // match
+               return letterForms;
+             }
+           }
 
+           return null;
+         }
+       }
 
-           operation.tooltip = function() {
-               var disable = operation.disabled();
-               return disable ?
-                   _t('operations.orthogonalize.' + disable + '.' + _amount) :
-                   _t('operations.orthogonalize.description.' + _type + '.' + _amount);
-           };
+       var GrandparentLetter_1 = GrandparentLetter;
+       var ParentLetter_1 = /*#__PURE__*/Object.defineProperty({
+         ParentLetter: ParentLetter_2,
+         GrandparentLetter: GrandparentLetter_1
+       }, '__esModule', {
+         value: true
+       });
 
+       isArabic_1.isArabic;
+       GlyphSplitter_1.GlyphSplitter;
+       BaselineSplitter_1.BaselineSplitter;
+       Normalization.Normal;
+       CharShaper_1.CharShaper;
+       var WordShaper = WordShaper_1.WordShaper;
+       ParentLetter_1.ParentLetter;
+       ParentLetter_1.GrandparentLetter;
 
-           operation.annotation = function() {
-               return _t('operations.orthogonalize.annotation.' + _type + '.' + _amount);
-           };
+       var rtlRegex = /[\u0590-\u05FF\u0600-\u06FF\u0750-\u07BF\u08A0–\u08BF]/;
+       function fixRTLTextForSvg(inputText) {
+         var ret = '',
+             rtlBuffer = [];
+         var arabicRegex = /[\u0600-\u06FF]/g;
+         var arabicDiacritics = /[\u0610-\u061A\u064B-\u065F\u0670\u06D6-\u06ED]/g;
+         var arabicMath = /[\u0660-\u066C\u06F0-\u06F9]+/g;
+         var thaanaVowel = /[\u07A6-\u07B0]/;
+         var hebrewSign = /[\u0591-\u05bd\u05bf\u05c1-\u05c5\u05c7]/; // Arabic word shaping
 
+         if (arabicRegex.test(inputText)) {
+           inputText = WordShaper(inputText);
+         }
 
-           operation.id = 'orthogonalize';
-           operation.keys = [_t('operations.orthogonalize.key')];
-           operation.title = _t('operations.orthogonalize.title');
-           operation.behavior = behaviorOperation(context).which(operation);
+         for (var n = 0; n < inputText.length; n++) {
+           var c = inputText[n];
 
-           return operation;
-       }
+           if (arabicMath.test(c)) {
+             // Arabic numbers go LTR
+             ret += rtlBuffer.reverse().join('');
+             rtlBuffer = [c];
+           } else {
+             if (rtlBuffer.length && arabicMath.test(rtlBuffer[rtlBuffer.length - 1])) {
+               ret += rtlBuffer.reverse().join('');
+               rtlBuffer = [];
+             }
+
+             if ((thaanaVowel.test(c) || hebrewSign.test(c) || arabicDiacritics.test(c)) && rtlBuffer.length) {
+               rtlBuffer[rtlBuffer.length - 1] += c;
+             } else if (rtlRegex.test(c) // include Arabic presentation forms
+             || c.charCodeAt(0) >= 64336 && c.charCodeAt(0) <= 65023 || c.charCodeAt(0) >= 65136 && c.charCodeAt(0) <= 65279) {
+               rtlBuffer.push(c);
+             } else if (c === ' ' && rtlBuffer.length) {
+               // whitespace within RTL text
+               rtlBuffer = [rtlBuffer.reverse().join('') + ' '];
+             } else {
+               // non-RTL character
+               ret += rtlBuffer.reverse().join('') + c;
+               rtlBuffer = [];
+             }
+           }
+         }
 
-       function operationReflectShort(context, selectedIDs) {
-           return operationReflect(context, selectedIDs, 'short');
+         ret += rtlBuffer.reverse().join('');
+         return ret;
        }
 
+       var propertyIsEnumerable = objectPropertyIsEnumerable.f;
 
-       function operationReflectLong(context, selectedIDs) {
-           return operationReflect(context, selectedIDs, 'long');
-       }
+       // `Object.{ entries, values }` methods implementation
+       var createMethod$1 = function (TO_ENTRIES) {
+         return function (it) {
+           var O = toIndexedObject(it);
+           var keys = objectKeys(O);
+           var length = keys.length;
+           var i = 0;
+           var result = [];
+           var key;
+           while (length > i) {
+             key = keys[i++];
+             if (!descriptors || propertyIsEnumerable.call(O, key)) {
+               result.push(TO_ENTRIES ? [key, O[key]] : O[key]);
+             }
+           }
+           return result;
+         };
+       };
 
+       var objectToArray = {
+         // `Object.entries` method
+         // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-object.entries
+         entries: createMethod$1(true),
+         // `Object.values` method
+         // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-object.values
+         values: createMethod$1(false)
+       };
 
-       function operationReflect(context, selectedIDs, axis) {
-           axis = axis || 'long';
-           var multi = (selectedIDs.length === 1 ? 'single' : 'multiple');
-           var nodes = utilGetAllNodes(selectedIDs, context.graph());
-           var coords = nodes.map(function(n) { return n.loc; });
-           var extent = utilTotalExtent(selectedIDs, context.graph());
+       var $values = objectToArray.values;
 
+       // `Object.values` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-object.values
+       _export({ target: 'Object', stat: true }, {
+         values: function values(O) {
+           return $values(O);
+         }
+       });
 
-           var operation = function() {
-               var action = actionReflect(selectedIDs, context.projection)
-                   .useLongAxis(Boolean(axis === 'long'));
+       // https://github.com/openstreetmap/iD/issues/772
+       // http://mathiasbynens.be/notes/localstorage-pattern#comment-9
+       var _storage;
 
-               context.perform(action, operation.annotation());
+       try {
+         _storage = localStorage;
+       } catch (e) {} // eslint-disable-line no-empty
 
-               window.setTimeout(function() {
-                   context.validator().validate();
-               }, 300);  // after any transition
-           };
 
+       _storage = _storage || function () {
+         var s = {};
+         return {
+           getItem: function getItem(k) {
+             return s[k];
+           },
+           setItem: function setItem(k, v) {
+             return s[k] = v;
+           },
+           removeItem: function removeItem(k) {
+             return delete s[k];
+           }
+         };
+       }(); //
+       // corePreferences is an interface for persisting basic key-value strings
+       // within and between iD sessions on the same site.
+       //
 
-           operation.available = function() {
-               return nodes.length >= 3;
-           };
 
+       function corePreferences(k, v) {
+         try {
+           if (arguments.length === 1) return _storage.getItem(k);else if (v === null) _storage.removeItem(k);else _storage.setItem(k, v);
+         } catch (e) {
+           /* eslint-disable no-console */
+           if (typeof console !== 'undefined') {
+             console.error('localStorage quota exceeded');
+           }
+           /* eslint-enable no-console */
 
-           // don't cache this because the visible extent could change
-           operation.disabled = function() {
-               if (extent.percentContainedIn(context.map().extent()) < 0.8) {
-                   return 'too_large';
-               } else if (someMissing()) {
-                   return 'not_downloaded';
-               } else if (selectedIDs.some(context.hasHiddenConnections)) {
-                   return 'connected_to_hidden';
-               } else if (selectedIDs.some(incompleteRelation)) {
-                   return 'incomplete_relation';
-               }
+         }
+       }
 
-               return false;
+       var vparse = createCommonjsModule(function (module) {
+         (function (window) {
 
+           function parseVersion(v) {
+             var m = v.replace(/[^0-9.]/g, '').match(/[0-9]*\.|[0-9]+/g) || [];
+             v = {
+               major: +m[0] || 0,
+               minor: +m[1] || 0,
+               patch: +m[2] || 0,
+               build: +m[3] || 0
+             };
+             v.isEmpty = !v.major && !v.minor && !v.patch && !v.build;
+             v.parsed = [v.major, v.minor, v.patch, v.build];
+             v.text = v.parsed.join('.');
+             v.compare = compare;
+             return v;
+           }
 
-               function someMissing() {
-                   if (context.inIntro()) return false;
-                   var osm = context.connection();
-                   if (osm) {
-                       var missing = coords.filter(function(loc) { return !osm.isDataLoaded(loc); });
-                       if (missing.length) {
-                           missing.forEach(function(loc) { context.loadTileAtLoc(loc); });
-                           return true;
-                       }
-                   }
-                   return false;
-               }
+           function compare(v) {
+             if (typeof v === 'string') {
+               v = parseVersion(v);
+             }
 
-               function incompleteRelation(id) {
-                   var entity = context.entity(id);
-                   return entity.type === 'relation' && !entity.isComplete(context.graph());
+             for (var i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+               if (this.parsed[i] !== v.parsed[i]) {
+                 return this.parsed[i] > v.parsed[i] ? 1 : -1;
                }
-           };
+             }
 
+             return 0;
+           }
+           /* istanbul ignore next */
 
-           operation.tooltip = function() {
-               var disable = operation.disabled();
-               return disable ?
-                   _t('operations.reflect.' + disable + '.' + multi) :
-                   _t('operations.reflect.description.' + axis + '.' + multi);
-           };
 
+           if (module && 'object' === 'object') {
+             module.exports = parseVersion;
+           } else {
+             window.parseVersion = parseVersion;
+           }
+         })(commonjsGlobal);
+       });
 
-           operation.annotation = function() {
-               return _t('operations.reflect.annotation.' + axis + '.' + multi);
-           };
+       var name = "iD";
+       var version = "2.20.0";
+       var description = "A friendly editor for OpenStreetMap";
+       var main = "dist/iD.min.js";
+       var repository = "github:openstreetmap/iD";
+       var homepage = "https://github.com/openstreetmap/iD";
+       var bugs = "https://github.com/openstreetmap/iD/issues";
+       var keywords = ["editor","openstreetmap"];
+       var license = "ISC";
+       var scripts = {all:"npm-run-all -s clean build build:legacy dist",build:"npm-run-all -s build:css build:data build:dev","build:css":"node scripts/build_css.js","build:data":"shx mkdir -p dist/data && node scripts/build_data.js","build:dev":"rollup --config config/rollup.config.dev.js","build:legacy":"rollup --config config/rollup.config.legacy.js","build:stats":"rollup --config config/rollup.config.stats.js",clean:"shx rm -f dist/*.js dist/*.map dist/*.css dist/img/*.svg",dist:"npm-run-all -p dist:**","dist:mapillary":"shx mkdir -p dist/mapillary-js && shx cp -R node_modules/mapillary-js/dist/* dist/mapillary-js/","dist:pannellum":"shx mkdir -p dist/pannellum-streetside && shx cp -R node_modules/pannellum/build/* dist/pannellum-streetside/","dist:min:iD":"uglifyjs dist/iD.legacy.js --compress --mangle --output dist/iD.min.js","dist:svg:iD":"svg-sprite --symbol --symbol-dest . --shape-id-generator \"iD-%s\" --symbol-sprite dist/img/iD-sprite.svg \"svg/iD-sprite/**/*.svg\"","dist:svg:community":"svg-sprite --symbol --symbol-dest . --shape-id-generator \"community-%s\" --symbol-sprite dist/img/community-sprite.svg node_modules/osm-community-index/dist/img/*.svg","dist:svg:fa":"svg-sprite --symbol --symbol-dest . --symbol-sprite dist/img/fa-sprite.svg svg/fontawesome/*.svg","dist:svg:maki":"svg-sprite --symbol --symbol-dest . --shape-id-generator \"maki-%s\" --symbol-sprite dist/img/maki-sprite.svg node_modules/@mapbox/maki/icons/*.svg","dist:svg:mapillary:signs":"svg-sprite --symbol --symbol-dest . --symbol-sprite dist/img/mapillary-sprite.svg node_modules/mapillary_sprite_source/package_signs/*.svg","dist:svg:mapillary:objects":"svg-sprite --symbol --symbol-dest . --symbol-sprite dist/img/mapillary-object-sprite.svg node_modules/mapillary_sprite_source/package_objects/*.svg","dist:svg:temaki":"svg-sprite --symbol --symbol-dest . --shape-id-generator \"temaki-%s\" --symbol-sprite dist/img/temaki-sprite.svg node_modules/@ideditor/temaki/icons/*.svg",imagery:"node scripts/update_imagery.js",lint:"eslint scripts test/spec modules","lint:fix":"eslint scripts test/spec modules --fix",start:"npm-run-all -s build start:server",quickstart:"npm-run-all -s build:dev start:server","start:server":"node scripts/server.js",test:"npm-run-all -s lint build:css build:data build:legacy test:spec","test:spec":"phantomjs --web-security=no node_modules/mocha-phantomjs-core/mocha-phantomjs-core.js test/index.html spec",translations:"node scripts/update_locales.js"};
+       var dependencies = {"@ideditor/country-coder":"~5.0.3","@ideditor/location-conflation":"~1.0.2","@mapbox/geojson-area":"^0.2.2","@mapbox/sexagesimal":"1.2.0","@mapbox/togeojson":"0.16.0","@mapbox/vector-tile":"^1.3.1","@turf/bbox-clip":"^6.0.0","abortcontroller-polyfill":"^1.4.0","aes-js":"^3.1.2","alif-toolkit":"^1.2.9","core-js":"^3.6.5",diacritics:"1.3.0","fast-deep-equal":"~3.1.1","fast-json-stable-stringify":"2.1.0","lodash-es":"~4.17.15",marked:"~2.0.0","node-diff3":"2.1.0","osm-auth":"1.1.0",pannellum:"2.5.6","polygon-clipping":"~0.15.1",rbush:"3.0.1","whatwg-fetch":"^3.4.1","which-polygon":"2.2.0"};
+       var devDependencies = {"@babel/core":"^7.11.6","@babel/preset-env":"^7.11.5","@fortawesome/fontawesome-svg-core":"^1.2.32","@fortawesome/free-brands-svg-icons":"~5.15.1","@fortawesome/free-regular-svg-icons":"~5.15.1","@fortawesome/free-solid-svg-icons":"~5.15.1","@ideditor/temaki":"~4.4.0","@mapbox/maki":"^6.0.0","@rollup/plugin-babel":"^5.2.1","@rollup/plugin-commonjs":"^17.0.0","@rollup/plugin-json":"^4.0.1","@rollup/plugin-node-resolve":"~11.2.0",autoprefixer:"^10.0.1",btoa:"^1.2.1",chai:"^4.1.0","cldr-core":"37.0.0","cldr-localenames-full":"37.0.0",colors:"^1.1.2","concat-files":"^0.1.1",d3:"~6.6.0","editor-layer-index":"github:osmlab/editor-layer-index#gh-pages",eslint:"^7.1.0",gaze:"^1.1.3",glob:"^7.1.0",happen:"^0.3.1","js-yaml":"^4.0.0","json-stringify-pretty-compact":"^3.0.0",mapillary_sprite_source:"^1.8.0","mapillary-js":"4.0.0",minimist:"^1.2.3",mocha:"^7.0.1","mocha-phantomjs-core":"^2.1.0","name-suggestion-index":"~6.0","node-fetch":"^2.6.1","npm-run-all":"^4.0.0","object-inspect":"1.10.3","osm-community-index":"~5.1.0","phantomjs-prebuilt":"~2.1.16",postcss:"^8.1.1","postcss-selector-prepend":"^0.5.0",rollup:"~2.52.8","rollup-plugin-includepaths":"~0.2.3","rollup-plugin-progress":"^1.1.1","rollup-plugin-visualizer":"~4.2.0",shelljs:"^0.8.0",shx:"^0.3.0",sinon:"7.5.0","sinon-chai":"^3.3.0",smash:"0.0","static-server":"^2.2.1","svg-sprite":"1.5.0","uglify-js":"~3.13.0",vparse:"~1.1.0"};
+       var engines = {node:">=10"};
+       var browserslist = ["> 0.2%, last 6 major versions, Firefox ESR, IE 11, maintained node versions"];
+       var packageJSON = {
+       name: name,
+       version: version,
+       description: description,
+       main: main,
+       repository: repository,
+       homepage: homepage,
+       bugs: bugs,
+       keywords: keywords,
+       license: license,
+       scripts: scripts,
+       dependencies: dependencies,
+       devDependencies: devDependencies,
+       engines: engines,
+       browserslist: browserslist
+       };
+
+       var _mainFileFetcher = coreFileFetcher(); // singleton
+       // coreFileFetcher asynchronously fetches data from JSON files
+       //
 
+       function coreFileFetcher() {
+         var ociVersion = packageJSON.devDependencies['osm-community-index'];
+         var v = vparse(ociVersion);
+         var vMinor = "".concat(v.major, ".").concat(v.minor);
+         var _this = {};
+         var _inflight = {};
+         var _fileMap = {
+           'address_formats': 'data/address_formats.min.json',
+           'deprecated': 'https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@openstreetmap/id-tagging-schema@3/dist/deprecated.min.json',
+           'discarded': 'https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@openstreetmap/id-tagging-schema@3/dist/discarded.min.json',
+           'imagery': 'data/imagery.min.json',
+           'intro_graph': 'data/intro_graph.min.json',
+           'keepRight': 'data/keepRight.min.json',
+           'languages': 'data/languages.min.json',
+           'locales': 'locales/index.min.json',
+           'oci_defaults': "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/osm-community-index@".concat(vMinor, "/dist/defaults.min.json"),
+           'oci_features': "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/osm-community-index@".concat(vMinor, "/dist/featureCollection.min.json"),
+           'oci_resources': "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/osm-community-index@".concat(vMinor, "/dist/resources.min.json"),
+           'preset_categories': 'https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@openstreetmap/id-tagging-schema@3/dist/preset_categories.min.json',
+           'preset_defaults': 'https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@openstreetmap/id-tagging-schema@3/dist/preset_defaults.min.json',
+           'preset_fields': 'https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@openstreetmap/id-tagging-schema@3/dist/fields.min.json',
+           'preset_presets': 'https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@openstreetmap/id-tagging-schema@3/dist/presets.min.json',
+           'phone_formats': 'data/phone_formats.min.json',
+           'qa_data': 'data/qa_data.min.json',
+           'shortcuts': 'data/shortcuts.min.json',
+           'territory_languages': 'data/territory_languages.min.json',
+           'wmf_sitematrix': 'https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/wmf-sitematrix@0.1/wikipedia.min.json'
+         };
+         var _cachedData = {}; // expose the cache; useful for tests
 
-           operation.id = 'reflect-' + axis;
-           operation.keys = [_t('operations.reflect.key.' + axis)];
-           operation.title = _t('operations.reflect.title.' + axis);
-           operation.behavior = behaviorOperation(context).which(operation);
+         _this.cache = function () {
+           return _cachedData;
+         }; // Returns a Promise to fetch data
+         // (resolved with the data if we have it already)
 
-           return operation;
-       }
 
-       function operationMove(context, selectedIDs) {
-           var multi = (selectedIDs.length === 1 ? 'single' : 'multiple');
-           var nodes = utilGetAllNodes(selectedIDs, context.graph());
-           var coords = nodes.map(function(n) { return n.loc; });
-           var extent = utilTotalExtent(selectedIDs, context.graph());
+         _this.get = function (which) {
+           if (_cachedData[which]) {
+             return Promise.resolve(_cachedData[which]);
+           }
 
+           var file = _fileMap[which];
 
-           var operation = function() {
-               context.enter(modeMove(context, selectedIDs));
-           };
+           var url = file && _this.asset(file);
 
+           if (!url) {
+             return Promise.reject("Unknown data file for \"".concat(which, "\""));
+           }
 
-           operation.available = function() {
-               return selectedIDs.length > 1 ||
-                   context.entity(selectedIDs[0]).type !== 'node';
-           };
+           var prom = _inflight[url];
 
+           if (!prom) {
+             _inflight[url] = prom = utilFetchJson(url).then(function (result) {
+               delete _inflight[url];
 
-           operation.disabled = function() {
-               if (extent.percentContainedIn(context.map().extent()) < 0.8) {
-                   return 'too_large';
-               } else if (someMissing()) {
-                   return 'not_downloaded';
-               } else if (selectedIDs.some(context.hasHiddenConnections)) {
-                   return 'connected_to_hidden';
-               } else if (selectedIDs.some(incompleteRelation)) {
-                   return 'incomplete_relation';
+               if (!result) {
+                 throw new Error("No data loaded for \"".concat(which, "\""));
                }
 
-               return false;
-
-
-               function someMissing() {
-                   if (context.inIntro()) return false;
-                   var osm = context.connection();
-                   if (osm) {
-                       var missing = coords.filter(function(loc) { return !osm.isDataLoaded(loc); });
-                       if (missing.length) {
-                           missing.forEach(function(loc) { context.loadTileAtLoc(loc); });
-                           return true;
-                       }
-                   }
-                   return false;
-               }
+               _cachedData[which] = result;
+               return result;
+             })["catch"](function (err) {
+               delete _inflight[url];
+               throw err;
+             });
+           }
 
-               function incompleteRelation(id) {
-                   var entity = context.entity(id);
-                   return entity.type === 'relation' && !entity.isComplete(context.graph());
-               }
-           };
+           return prom;
+         }; // Accessor for the file map
 
 
-           operation.tooltip = function() {
-               var disable = operation.disabled();
-               return disable ?
-                   _t('operations.move.' + disable + '.' + multi) :
-                   _t('operations.move.description.' + multi);
-           };
+         _this.fileMap = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _fileMap;
+           _fileMap = val;
+           return _this;
+         };
 
+         var _assetPath = '';
 
-           operation.annotation = function() {
-               return selectedIDs.length === 1 ?
-                   _t('operations.move.annotation.' + context.graph().geometry(selectedIDs[0])) :
-                   _t('operations.move.annotation.multiple');
-           };
+         _this.assetPath = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _assetPath;
+           _assetPath = val;
+           return _this;
+         };
 
+         var _assetMap = {};
 
-           operation.id = 'move';
-           operation.keys = [_t('operations.move.key')];
-           operation.title = _t('operations.move.title');
-           operation.behavior = behaviorOperation(context).which(operation);
+         _this.assetMap = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _assetMap;
+           _assetMap = val;
+           return _this;
+         };
 
-           operation.mouseOnly = true;
+         _this.asset = function (val) {
+           if (/^http(s)?:\/\//i.test(val)) return val;
+           var filename = _assetPath + val;
+           return _assetMap[filename] || filename;
+         };
 
-           return operation;
+         return _this;
        }
 
-       function modeRotate(context, entityIDs) {
-           var mode = {
-               id: 'rotate',
-               button: 'browse'
-           };
-
-           var keybinding = utilKeybinding('rotate');
-           var behaviors = [
-               behaviorEdit(context),
-               operationCircularize(context, entityIDs).behavior,
-               operationDelete(context, entityIDs).behavior,
-               operationMove(context, entityIDs).behavior,
-               operationOrthogonalize(context, entityIDs).behavior,
-               operationReflectLong(context, entityIDs).behavior,
-               operationReflectShort(context, entityIDs).behavior
-           ];
-           var annotation = entityIDs.length === 1 ?
-               _t('operations.rotate.annotation.' + context.graph().geometry(entityIDs[0])) :
-               _t('operations.rotate.annotation.multiple');
-
-           var _prevGraph;
-           var _prevAngle;
-           var _prevTransform;
-           var _pivot;
-
-
-           function doRotate() {
-               var fn;
-               if (context.graph() !== _prevGraph) {
-                   fn = context.perform;
-               } else {
-                   fn = context.replace;
-               }
-
-               // projection changed, recalculate _pivot
-               var projection = context.projection;
-               var currTransform = projection.transform();
-               if (!_prevTransform ||
-                   currTransform.k !== _prevTransform.k ||
-                   currTransform.x !== _prevTransform.x ||
-                   currTransform.y !== _prevTransform.y) {
-
-                   var nodes = utilGetAllNodes(entityIDs, context.graph());
-                   var points = nodes.map(function(n) { return projection(n.loc); });
-                   _pivot = getPivot(points);
-                   _prevAngle = undefined;
-               }
-
-
-               var currMouse = context.map().mouse();
-               var currAngle = Math.atan2(currMouse[1] - _pivot[1], currMouse[0] - _pivot[0]);
-
-               if (typeof _prevAngle === 'undefined') _prevAngle = currAngle;
-               var delta = currAngle - _prevAngle;
-
-               fn(actionRotate(entityIDs, _pivot, delta, projection));
+       var getOwnPropertyNames = objectGetOwnPropertyNames.f;
+       var getOwnPropertyDescriptor$2 = objectGetOwnPropertyDescriptor.f;
+       var defineProperty = objectDefineProperty.f;
+       var trim$2 = stringTrim.trim;
+
+       var NUMBER = 'Number';
+       var NativeNumber = global$2[NUMBER];
+       var NumberPrototype = NativeNumber.prototype;
+
+       // Opera ~12 has broken Object#toString
+       var BROKEN_CLASSOF = classofRaw(objectCreate(NumberPrototype)) == NUMBER;
+
+       // `ToNumber` abstract operation
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-tonumber
+       var toNumber$1 = function (argument) {
+         var it = toPrimitive(argument, false);
+         var first, third, radix, maxCode, digits, length, index, code;
+         if (typeof it == 'string' && it.length > 2) {
+           it = trim$2(it);
+           first = it.charCodeAt(0);
+           if (first === 43 || first === 45) {
+             third = it.charCodeAt(2);
+             if (third === 88 || third === 120) return NaN; // Number('+0x1') should be NaN, old V8 fix
+           } else if (first === 48) {
+             switch (it.charCodeAt(1)) {
+               case 66: case 98: radix = 2; maxCode = 49; break; // fast equal of /^0b[01]+$/i
+               case 79: case 111: radix = 8; maxCode = 55; break; // fast equal of /^0o[0-7]+$/i
+               default: return +it;
+             }
+             digits = it.slice(2);
+             length = digits.length;
+             for (index = 0; index < length; index++) {
+               code = digits.charCodeAt(index);
+               // parseInt parses a string to a first unavailable symbol
+               // but ToNumber should return NaN if a string contains unavailable symbols
+               if (code < 48 || code > maxCode) return NaN;
+             } return parseInt(digits, radix);
+           }
+         } return +it;
+       };
+
+       // `Number` constructor
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-number-constructor
+       if (isForced_1(NUMBER, !NativeNumber(' 0o1') || !NativeNumber('0b1') || NativeNumber('+0x1'))) {
+         var NumberWrapper = function Number(value) {
+           var it = arguments.length < 1 ? 0 : value;
+           var dummy = this;
+           return dummy instanceof NumberWrapper
+             // check on 1..constructor(foo) case
+             && (BROKEN_CLASSOF ? fails(function () { NumberPrototype.valueOf.call(dummy); }) : classofRaw(dummy) != NUMBER)
+               ? inheritIfRequired(new NativeNumber(toNumber$1(it)), dummy, NumberWrapper) : toNumber$1(it);
+         };
+         for (var keys = descriptors ? getOwnPropertyNames(NativeNumber) : (
+           // ES3:
+           'MAX_VALUE,MIN_VALUE,NaN,NEGATIVE_INFINITY,POSITIVE_INFINITY,' +
+           // ES2015 (in case, if modules with ES2015 Number statics required before):
+           'EPSILON,isFinite,isInteger,isNaN,isSafeInteger,MAX_SAFE_INTEGER,' +
+           'MIN_SAFE_INTEGER,parseFloat,parseInt,isInteger,' +
+           // ESNext
+           'fromString,range'
+         ).split(','), j = 0, key; keys.length > j; j++) {
+           if (has$1(NativeNumber, key = keys[j]) && !has$1(NumberWrapper, key)) {
+             defineProperty(NumberWrapper, key, getOwnPropertyDescriptor$2(NativeNumber, key));
+           }
+         }
+         NumberWrapper.prototype = NumberPrototype;
+         NumberPrototype.constructor = NumberWrapper;
+         redefine(global$2, NUMBER, NumberWrapper);
+       }
+
+       // `thisNumberValue` abstract operation
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-thisnumbervalue
+       var thisNumberValue = function (value) {
+         if (typeof value != 'number' && classofRaw(value) != 'Number') {
+           throw TypeError('Incorrect invocation');
+         }
+         return +value;
+       };
+
+       // `String.prototype.repeat` method implementation
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-string.prototype.repeat
+       var stringRepeat = function repeat(count) {
+         var str = String(requireObjectCoercible(this));
+         var result = '';
+         var n = toInteger(count);
+         if (n < 0 || n == Infinity) throw RangeError('Wrong number of repetitions');
+         for (;n > 0; (n >>>= 1) && (str += str)) if (n & 1) result += str;
+         return result;
+       };
 
-               _prevTransform = currTransform;
-               _prevAngle = currAngle;
-               _prevGraph = context.graph();
-           }
+       var nativeToFixed = 1.0.toFixed;
+       var floor = Math.floor;
 
-           function getPivot(points) {
-               var _pivot;
-               if (points.length === 1) {
-                   _pivot = points[0];
-               } else if (points.length === 2) {
-                   _pivot = geoVecInterp(points[0], points[1], 0.5);
-               } else {
-                   var polygonHull = d3_polygonHull(points);
-                   if (polygonHull.length === 2) {
-                       _pivot = geoVecInterp(points[0], points[1], 0.5);
-                   } else {
-                       _pivot = d3_polygonCentroid(d3_polygonHull(points));
-                   }
-               }
-               return _pivot;
-           }
+       var pow = function (x, n, acc) {
+         return n === 0 ? acc : n % 2 === 1 ? pow(x, n - 1, acc * x) : pow(x * x, n / 2, acc);
+       };
 
+       var log = function (x) {
+         var n = 0;
+         var x2 = x;
+         while (x2 >= 4096) {
+           n += 12;
+           x2 /= 4096;
+         }
+         while (x2 >= 2) {
+           n += 1;
+           x2 /= 2;
+         } return n;
+       };
 
-           function finish() {
-               event.stopPropagation();
-               context.replace(actionNoop(), annotation);
-               context.enter(modeSelect(context, entityIDs));
-           }
+       var multiply = function (data, n, c) {
+         var index = -1;
+         var c2 = c;
+         while (++index < 6) {
+           c2 += n * data[index];
+           data[index] = c2 % 1e7;
+           c2 = floor(c2 / 1e7);
+         }
+       };
 
+       var divide = function (data, n) {
+         var index = 6;
+         var c = 0;
+         while (--index >= 0) {
+           c += data[index];
+           data[index] = floor(c / n);
+           c = (c % n) * 1e7;
+         }
+       };
 
-           function cancel() {
-               context.pop();
-               context.enter(modeSelect(context, entityIDs));
+       var dataToString = function (data) {
+         var index = 6;
+         var s = '';
+         while (--index >= 0) {
+           if (s !== '' || index === 0 || data[index] !== 0) {
+             var t = String(data[index]);
+             s = s === '' ? t : s + stringRepeat.call('0', 7 - t.length) + t;
            }
+         } return s;
+       };
 
+       var FORCED$4 = nativeToFixed && (
+         0.00008.toFixed(3) !== '0.000' ||
+         0.9.toFixed(0) !== '1' ||
+         1.255.toFixed(2) !== '1.25' ||
+         1000000000000000128.0.toFixed(0) !== '1000000000000000128'
+       ) || !fails(function () {
+         // V8 ~ Android 4.3-
+         nativeToFixed.call({});
+       });
 
-           function undone() {
-               context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+       // `Number.prototype.toFixed` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-number.prototype.tofixed
+       _export({ target: 'Number', proto: true, forced: FORCED$4 }, {
+         toFixed: function toFixed(fractionDigits) {
+           var number = thisNumberValue(this);
+           var fractDigits = toInteger(fractionDigits);
+           var data = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0];
+           var sign = '';
+           var result = '0';
+           var e, z, j, k;
+
+           if (fractDigits < 0 || fractDigits > 20) throw RangeError('Incorrect fraction digits');
+           // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare -- NaN check
+           if (number != number) return 'NaN';
+           if (number <= -1e21 || number >= 1e21) return String(number);
+           if (number < 0) {
+             sign = '-';
+             number = -number;
+           }
+           if (number > 1e-21) {
+             e = log(number * pow(2, 69, 1)) - 69;
+             z = e < 0 ? number * pow(2, -e, 1) : number / pow(2, e, 1);
+             z *= 0x10000000000000;
+             e = 52 - e;
+             if (e > 0) {
+               multiply(data, 0, z);
+               j = fractDigits;
+               while (j >= 7) {
+                 multiply(data, 1e7, 0);
+                 j -= 7;
+               }
+               multiply(data, pow(10, j, 1), 0);
+               j = e - 1;
+               while (j >= 23) {
+                 divide(data, 1 << 23);
+                 j -= 23;
+               }
+               divide(data, 1 << j);
+               multiply(data, 1, 1);
+               divide(data, 2);
+               result = dataToString(data);
+             } else {
+               multiply(data, 0, z);
+               multiply(data, 1 << -e, 0);
+               result = dataToString(data) + stringRepeat.call('0', fractDigits);
+             }
            }
+           if (fractDigits > 0) {
+             k = result.length;
+             result = sign + (k <= fractDigits
+               ? '0.' + stringRepeat.call('0', fractDigits - k) + result
+               : result.slice(0, k - fractDigits) + '.' + result.slice(k - fractDigits));
+           } else {
+             result = sign + result;
+           } return result;
+         }
+       });
 
+       var globalIsFinite = global$2.isFinite;
 
-           mode.enter = function() {
-               context.features().forceVisible(entityIDs);
-
-               behaviors.forEach(context.install);
-
-               context.surface()
-                   .on('mousemove.rotate', doRotate)
-                   .on('click.rotate', finish);
-
-               context.history()
-                   .on('undone.rotate', undone);
-
-               keybinding
-                   .on('⎋', cancel)
-                   .on('↩', finish);
+       // `Number.isFinite` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-number.isfinite
+       // eslint-disable-next-line es/no-number-isfinite -- safe
+       var numberIsFinite = Number.isFinite || function isFinite(it) {
+         return typeof it == 'number' && globalIsFinite(it);
+       };
 
-               select(document)
-                   .call(keybinding);
-           };
+       // `Number.isFinite` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-number.isfinite
+       _export({ target: 'Number', stat: true }, { isFinite: numberIsFinite });
 
+       var fromCharCode = String.fromCharCode;
+       // eslint-disable-next-line es/no-string-fromcodepoint -- required for testing
+       var $fromCodePoint = String.fromCodePoint;
 
-           mode.exit = function() {
-               behaviors.forEach(context.uninstall);
+       // length should be 1, old FF problem
+       var INCORRECT_LENGTH = !!$fromCodePoint && $fromCodePoint.length != 1;
 
-               context.surface()
-                   .on('mousemove.rotate', null)
-                   .on('click.rotate', null);
+       // `String.fromCodePoint` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-string.fromcodepoint
+       _export({ target: 'String', stat: true, forced: INCORRECT_LENGTH }, {
+         // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars -- required for `.length`
+         fromCodePoint: function fromCodePoint(x) {
+           var elements = [];
+           var length = arguments.length;
+           var i = 0;
+           var code;
+           while (length > i) {
+             code = +arguments[i++];
+             if (toAbsoluteIndex(code, 0x10FFFF) !== code) throw RangeError(code + ' is not a valid code point');
+             elements.push(code < 0x10000
+               ? fromCharCode(code)
+               : fromCharCode(((code -= 0x10000) >> 10) + 0xD800, code % 0x400 + 0xDC00)
+             );
+           } return elements.join('');
+         }
+       });
 
-               context.history()
-                   .on('undone.rotate', null);
+       // @@search logic
+       fixRegexpWellKnownSymbolLogic('search', function (SEARCH, nativeSearch, maybeCallNative) {
+         return [
+           // `String.prototype.search` method
+           // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-string.prototype.search
+           function search(regexp) {
+             var O = requireObjectCoercible(this);
+             var searcher = regexp == undefined ? undefined : regexp[SEARCH];
+             return searcher !== undefined ? searcher.call(regexp, O) : new RegExp(regexp)[SEARCH](String(O));
+           },
+           // `RegExp.prototype[@@search]` method
+           // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-regexp.prototype-@@search
+           function (string) {
+             var res = maybeCallNative(nativeSearch, this, string);
+             if (res.done) return res.value;
+
+             var rx = anObject(this);
+             var S = String(string);
+
+             var previousLastIndex = rx.lastIndex;
+             if (!sameValue(previousLastIndex, 0)) rx.lastIndex = 0;
+             var result = regexpExecAbstract(rx, S);
+             if (!sameValue(rx.lastIndex, previousLastIndex)) rx.lastIndex = previousLastIndex;
+             return result === null ? -1 : result.index;
+           }
+         ];
+       });
 
-               select(document)
-                   .call(keybinding.unbind);
+       var quickselect$1 = createCommonjsModule(function (module, exports) {
+         (function (global, factory) {
+           module.exports = factory() ;
+         })(commonjsGlobal, function () {
 
-               context.features().forceVisible([]);
-           };
+           function quickselect(arr, k, left, right, compare) {
+             quickselectStep(arr, k, left || 0, right || arr.length - 1, compare || defaultCompare);
+           }
 
+           function quickselectStep(arr, k, left, right, compare) {
+             while (right > left) {
+               if (right - left > 600) {
+                 var n = right - left + 1;
+                 var m = k - left + 1;
+                 var z = Math.log(n);
+                 var s = 0.5 * Math.exp(2 * z / 3);
+                 var sd = 0.5 * Math.sqrt(z * s * (n - s) / n) * (m - n / 2 < 0 ? -1 : 1);
+                 var newLeft = Math.max(left, Math.floor(k - m * s / n + sd));
+                 var newRight = Math.min(right, Math.floor(k + (n - m) * s / n + sd));
+                 quickselectStep(arr, k, newLeft, newRight, compare);
+               }
 
-           mode.selectedIDs = function() {
-               if (!arguments.length) return entityIDs;
-               // no assign
-               return mode;
-           };
+               var t = arr[k];
+               var i = left;
+               var j = right;
+               swap(arr, left, k);
+               if (compare(arr[right], t) > 0) swap(arr, left, right);
 
+               while (i < j) {
+                 swap(arr, i, j);
+                 i++;
+                 j--;
 
-           return mode;
-       }
+                 while (compare(arr[i], t) < 0) {
+                   i++;
+                 }
 
-       function operationRotate(context, selectedIDs) {
-           var multi = (selectedIDs.length === 1 ? 'single' : 'multiple');
-           var nodes = utilGetAllNodes(selectedIDs, context.graph());
-           var coords = nodes.map(function(n) { return n.loc; });
-           var extent = utilTotalExtent(selectedIDs, context.graph());
+                 while (compare(arr[j], t) > 0) {
+                   j--;
+                 }
+               }
 
+               if (compare(arr[left], t) === 0) swap(arr, left, j);else {
+                 j++;
+                 swap(arr, j, right);
+               }
+               if (j <= k) left = j + 1;
+               if (k <= j) right = j - 1;
+             }
+           }
 
-           var operation = function() {
-               context.enter(modeRotate(context, selectedIDs));
-           };
+           function swap(arr, i, j) {
+             var tmp = arr[i];
+             arr[i] = arr[j];
+             arr[j] = tmp;
+           }
 
+           function defaultCompare(a, b) {
+             return a < b ? -1 : a > b ? 1 : 0;
+           }
 
-           operation.available = function() {
-               return nodes.length >= 2;
-           };
+           return quickselect;
+         });
+       });
 
+       var rbush_1 = rbush;
+       var _default$1 = rbush;
 
-           operation.disabled = function() {
+       function rbush(maxEntries, format) {
+         if (!(this instanceof rbush)) return new rbush(maxEntries, format); // max entries in a node is 9 by default; min node fill is 40% for best performance
 
-               if (extent.percentContainedIn(context.map().extent()) < 0.8) {
-                   return 'too_large';
-               } else if (someMissing()) {
-                   return 'not_downloaded';
-               } else if (selectedIDs.some(context.hasHiddenConnections)) {
-                   return 'connected_to_hidden';
-               } else if (selectedIDs.some(incompleteRelation)) {
-                   return 'incomplete_relation';
-               }
+         this._maxEntries = Math.max(4, maxEntries || 9);
+         this._minEntries = Math.max(2, Math.ceil(this._maxEntries * 0.4));
 
-               return false;
+         if (format) {
+           this._initFormat(format);
+         }
 
+         this.clear();
+       }
 
-               function someMissing() {
-                   if (context.inIntro()) return false;
-                   var osm = context.connection();
-                   if (osm) {
-                       var missing = coords.filter(function(loc) { return !osm.isDataLoaded(loc); });
-                       if (missing.length) {
-                           missing.forEach(function(loc) { context.loadTileAtLoc(loc); });
-                           return true;
-                       }
-                   }
-                   return false;
-               }
+       rbush.prototype = {
+         all: function all() {
+           return this._all(this.data, []);
+         },
+         search: function search(bbox) {
+           var node = this.data,
+               result = [],
+               toBBox = this.toBBox;
+           if (!intersects$1(bbox, node)) return result;
+           var nodesToSearch = [],
+               i,
+               len,
+               child,
+               childBBox;
+
+           while (node) {
+             for (i = 0, len = node.children.length; i < len; i++) {
+               child = node.children[i];
+               childBBox = node.leaf ? toBBox(child) : child;
 
-               function incompleteRelation(id) {
-                   var entity = context.entity(id);
-                   return entity.type === 'relation' && !entity.isComplete(context.graph());
+               if (intersects$1(bbox, childBBox)) {
+                 if (node.leaf) result.push(child);else if (contains$1(bbox, childBBox)) this._all(child, result);else nodesToSearch.push(child);
                }
-           };
+             }
 
+             node = nodesToSearch.pop();
+           }
 
-           operation.tooltip = function() {
-               var disable = operation.disabled();
-               return disable ?
-                   _t('operations.rotate.' + disable + '.' + multi) :
-                   _t('operations.rotate.description.' + multi);
-           };
+           return result;
+         },
+         collides: function collides(bbox) {
+           var node = this.data,
+               toBBox = this.toBBox;
+           if (!intersects$1(bbox, node)) return false;
+           var nodesToSearch = [],
+               i,
+               len,
+               child,
+               childBBox;
+
+           while (node) {
+             for (i = 0, len = node.children.length; i < len; i++) {
+               child = node.children[i];
+               childBBox = node.leaf ? toBBox(child) : child;
 
+               if (intersects$1(bbox, childBBox)) {
+                 if (node.leaf || contains$1(bbox, childBBox)) return true;
+                 nodesToSearch.push(child);
+               }
+             }
 
-           operation.annotation = function() {
-               return selectedIDs.length === 1 ?
-                   _t('operations.rotate.annotation.' + context.graph().geometry(selectedIDs[0])) :
-                   _t('operations.rotate.annotation.multiple');
-           };
+             node = nodesToSearch.pop();
+           }
 
+           return false;
+         },
+         load: function load(data) {
+           if (!(data && data.length)) return this;
 
-           operation.id = 'rotate';
-           operation.keys = [_t('operations.rotate.key')];
-           operation.title = _t('operations.rotate.title');
-           operation.behavior = behaviorOperation(context).which(operation);
+           if (data.length < this._minEntries) {
+             for (var i = 0, len = data.length; i < len; i++) {
+               this.insert(data[i]);
+             }
 
-           operation.mouseOnly = true;
+             return this;
+           } // recursively build the tree with the given data from scratch using OMT algorithm
 
-           return operation;
-       }
 
-       function modeMove(context, entityIDs, baseGraph) {
-           var mode = {
-               id: 'move',
-               button: 'browse'
-           };
+           var node = this._build(data.slice(), 0, data.length - 1, 0);
 
-           var keybinding = utilKeybinding('move');
-           var behaviors = [
-               behaviorEdit(context),
-               operationCircularize(context, entityIDs).behavior,
-               operationDelete(context, entityIDs).behavior,
-               operationOrthogonalize(context, entityIDs).behavior,
-               operationReflectLong(context, entityIDs).behavior,
-               operationReflectShort(context, entityIDs).behavior,
-               operationRotate(context, entityIDs).behavior
-           ];
-           var annotation = entityIDs.length === 1 ?
-               _t('operations.move.annotation.' + context.graph().geometry(entityIDs[0])) :
-               _t('operations.move.annotation.multiple');
-
-           var _prevGraph;
-           var _cache;
-           var _origin;
-           var _nudgeInterval;
-
-
-           function doMove(nudge) {
-               nudge = nudge || [0, 0];
-
-               var fn;
-               if (_prevGraph !== context.graph()) {
-                   _cache = {};
-                   _origin = context.map().mouseCoordinates();
-                   fn = context.perform;
-               } else {
-                   fn = context.overwrite;
-               }
+           if (!this.data.children.length) {
+             // save as is if tree is empty
+             this.data = node;
+           } else if (this.data.height === node.height) {
+             // split root if trees have the same height
+             this._splitRoot(this.data, node);
+           } else {
+             if (this.data.height < node.height) {
+               // swap trees if inserted one is bigger
+               var tmpNode = this.data;
+               this.data = node;
+               node = tmpNode;
+             } // insert the small tree into the large tree at appropriate level
 
-               var currMouse = context.map().mouse();
-               var origMouse = context.projection(_origin);
-               var delta = geoVecSubtract(geoVecSubtract(currMouse, origMouse), nudge);
 
-               fn(actionMove(entityIDs, delta, context.projection, _cache));
-               _prevGraph = context.graph();
+             this._insert(node, this.data.height - node.height - 1, true);
            }
 
+           return this;
+         },
+         insert: function insert(item) {
+           if (item) this._insert(item, this.data.height - 1);
+           return this;
+         },
+         clear: function clear() {
+           this.data = createNode$1([]);
+           return this;
+         },
+         remove: function remove(item, equalsFn) {
+           if (!item) return this;
+           var node = this.data,
+               bbox = this.toBBox(item),
+               path = [],
+               indexes = [],
+               i,
+               parent,
+               index,
+               goingUp; // depth-first iterative tree traversal
+
+           while (node || path.length) {
+             if (!node) {
+               // go up
+               node = path.pop();
+               parent = path[path.length - 1];
+               i = indexes.pop();
+               goingUp = true;
+             }
+
+             if (node.leaf) {
+               // check current node
+               index = findItem$1(item, node.children, equalsFn);
 
-           function startNudge(nudge) {
-               if (_nudgeInterval) window.clearInterval(_nudgeInterval);
-               _nudgeInterval = window.setInterval(function() {
-                   context.map().pan(nudge);
-                   doMove(nudge);
-               }, 50);
-           }
+               if (index !== -1) {
+                 // item found, remove the item and condense tree upwards
+                 node.children.splice(index, 1);
+                 path.push(node);
 
+                 this._condense(path);
 
-           function stopNudge() {
-               if (_nudgeInterval) {
-                   window.clearInterval(_nudgeInterval);
-                   _nudgeInterval = null;
+                 return this;
                }
-           }
+             }
 
+             if (!goingUp && !node.leaf && contains$1(node, bbox)) {
+               // go down
+               path.push(node);
+               indexes.push(i);
+               i = 0;
+               parent = node;
+               node = node.children[0];
+             } else if (parent) {
+               // go right
+               i++;
+               node = parent.children[i];
+               goingUp = false;
+             } else node = null; // nothing found
 
-           function move() {
-               doMove();
-               var nudge = geoViewportEdge(context.map().mouse(), context.map().dimensions());
-               if (nudge) {
-                   startNudge(nudge);
-               } else {
-                   stopNudge();
-               }
            }
 
+           return this;
+         },
+         toBBox: function toBBox(item) {
+           return item;
+         },
+         compareMinX: compareNodeMinX$1,
+         compareMinY: compareNodeMinY$1,
+         toJSON: function toJSON() {
+           return this.data;
+         },
+         fromJSON: function fromJSON(data) {
+           this.data = data;
+           return this;
+         },
+         _all: function _all(node, result) {
+           var nodesToSearch = [];
 
-           function finish() {
-               event.stopPropagation();
-               context.replace(actionNoop(), annotation);
-               context.enter(modeSelect(context, entityIDs));
-               stopNudge();
+           while (node) {
+             if (node.leaf) result.push.apply(result, node.children);else nodesToSearch.push.apply(nodesToSearch, node.children);
+             node = nodesToSearch.pop();
            }
 
+           return result;
+         },
+         _build: function _build(items, left, right, height) {
+           var N = right - left + 1,
+               M = this._maxEntries,
+               node;
 
-           function cancel() {
-               if (baseGraph) {
-                   while (context.graph() !== baseGraph) context.pop();
-                   context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
-               } else {
-                   context.pop();
-                   context.enter(modeSelect(context, entityIDs));
-               }
-               stopNudge();
+           if (N <= M) {
+             // reached leaf level; return leaf
+             node = createNode$1(items.slice(left, right + 1));
+             calcBBox$1(node, this.toBBox);
+             return node;
            }
 
+           if (!height) {
+             // target height of the bulk-loaded tree
+             height = Math.ceil(Math.log(N) / Math.log(M)); // target number of root entries to maximize storage utilization
 
-           function undone() {
-               context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+             M = Math.ceil(N / Math.pow(M, height - 1));
            }
 
+           node = createNode$1([]);
+           node.leaf = false;
+           node.height = height; // split the items into M mostly square tiles
 
-           mode.enter = function() {
-               _origin = context.map().mouseCoordinates();
-               _prevGraph = null;
-               _cache = {};
+           var N2 = Math.ceil(N / M),
+               N1 = N2 * Math.ceil(Math.sqrt(M)),
+               i,
+               j,
+               right2,
+               right3;
+           multiSelect$1(items, left, right, N1, this.compareMinX);
 
-               context.features().forceVisible(entityIDs);
+           for (i = left; i <= right; i += N1) {
+             right2 = Math.min(i + N1 - 1, right);
+             multiSelect$1(items, i, right2, N2, this.compareMinY);
 
-               behaviors.forEach(context.install);
+             for (j = i; j <= right2; j += N2) {
+               right3 = Math.min(j + N2 - 1, right2); // pack each entry recursively
 
-               context.surface()
-                   .on('mousemove.move', move)
-                   .on('click.move', finish);
+               node.children.push(this._build(items, j, right3, height - 1));
+             }
+           }
 
-               context.history()
-                   .on('undone.move', undone);
+           calcBBox$1(node, this.toBBox);
+           return node;
+         },
+         _chooseSubtree: function _chooseSubtree(bbox, node, level, path) {
+           var i, len, child, targetNode, area, enlargement, minArea, minEnlargement;
 
-               keybinding
-                   .on('⎋', cancel)
-                   .on('↩', finish);
+           while (true) {
+             path.push(node);
+             if (node.leaf || path.length - 1 === level) break;
+             minArea = minEnlargement = Infinity;
 
-               select(document)
-                   .call(keybinding);
-           };
+             for (i = 0, len = node.children.length; i < len; i++) {
+               child = node.children[i];
+               area = bboxArea$1(child);
+               enlargement = enlargedArea$1(bbox, child) - area; // choose entry with the least area enlargement
+
+               if (enlargement < minEnlargement) {
+                 minEnlargement = enlargement;
+                 minArea = area < minArea ? area : minArea;
+                 targetNode = child;
+               } else if (enlargement === minEnlargement) {
+                 // otherwise choose one with the smallest area
+                 if (area < minArea) {
+                   minArea = area;
+                   targetNode = child;
+                 }
+               }
+             }
 
+             node = targetNode || node.children[0];
+           }
 
-           mode.exit = function() {
-               stopNudge();
+           return node;
+         },
+         _insert: function _insert(item, level, isNode) {
+           var toBBox = this.toBBox,
+               bbox = isNode ? item : toBBox(item),
+               insertPath = []; // find the best node for accommodating the item, saving all nodes along the path too
 
-               behaviors.forEach(function(behavior) {
-                   context.uninstall(behavior);
-               });
+           var node = this._chooseSubtree(bbox, this.data, level, insertPath); // put the item into the node
 
-               context.surface()
-                   .on('mousemove.move', null)
-                   .on('click.move', null);
 
-               context.history()
-                   .on('undone.move', null);
+           node.children.push(item);
+           extend$2(node, bbox); // split on node overflow; propagate upwards if necessary
 
-               select(document)
-                   .call(keybinding.unbind);
+           while (level >= 0) {
+             if (insertPath[level].children.length > this._maxEntries) {
+               this._split(insertPath, level);
 
-               context.features().forceVisible([]);
-           };
+               level--;
+             } else break;
+           } // adjust bboxes along the insertion path
 
 
-           mode.selectedIDs = function() {
-               if (!arguments.length) return entityIDs;
-               // no assign
-               return mode;
-           };
+           this._adjustParentBBoxes(bbox, insertPath, level);
+         },
+         // split overflowed node into two
+         _split: function _split(insertPath, level) {
+           var node = insertPath[level],
+               M = node.children.length,
+               m = this._minEntries;
+
+           this._chooseSplitAxis(node, m, M);
+
+           var splitIndex = this._chooseSplitIndex(node, m, M);
+
+           var newNode = createNode$1(node.children.splice(splitIndex, node.children.length - splitIndex));
+           newNode.height = node.height;
+           newNode.leaf = node.leaf;
+           calcBBox$1(node, this.toBBox);
+           calcBBox$1(newNode, this.toBBox);
+           if (level) insertPath[level - 1].children.push(newNode);else this._splitRoot(node, newNode);
+         },
+         _splitRoot: function _splitRoot(node, newNode) {
+           // split root node
+           this.data = createNode$1([node, newNode]);
+           this.data.height = node.height + 1;
+           this.data.leaf = false;
+           calcBBox$1(this.data, this.toBBox);
+         },
+         _chooseSplitIndex: function _chooseSplitIndex(node, m, M) {
+           var i, bbox1, bbox2, overlap, area, minOverlap, minArea, index;
+           minOverlap = minArea = Infinity;
+
+           for (i = m; i <= M - m; i++) {
+             bbox1 = distBBox$1(node, 0, i, this.toBBox);
+             bbox2 = distBBox$1(node, i, M, this.toBBox);
+             overlap = intersectionArea$1(bbox1, bbox2);
+             area = bboxArea$1(bbox1) + bboxArea$1(bbox2); // choose distribution with minimum overlap
+
+             if (overlap < minOverlap) {
+               minOverlap = overlap;
+               index = i;
+               minArea = area < minArea ? area : minArea;
+             } else if (overlap === minOverlap) {
+               // otherwise choose distribution with minimum area
+               if (area < minArea) {
+                 minArea = area;
+                 index = i;
+               }
+             }
+           }
 
+           return index;
+         },
+         // sorts node children by the best axis for split
+         _chooseSplitAxis: function _chooseSplitAxis(node, m, M) {
+           var compareMinX = node.leaf ? this.compareMinX : compareNodeMinX$1,
+               compareMinY = node.leaf ? this.compareMinY : compareNodeMinY$1,
+               xMargin = this._allDistMargin(node, m, M, compareMinX),
+               yMargin = this._allDistMargin(node, m, M, compareMinY); // if total distributions margin value is minimal for x, sort by minX,
+           // otherwise it's already sorted by minY
 
-           return mode;
-       }
 
-       // see also `operationPaste`
-       function behaviorPaste(context) {
+           if (xMargin < yMargin) node.children.sort(compareMinX);
+         },
+         // total margin of all possible split distributions where each node is at least m full
+         _allDistMargin: function _allDistMargin(node, m, M, compare) {
+           node.children.sort(compare);
+           var toBBox = this.toBBox,
+               leftBBox = distBBox$1(node, 0, m, toBBox),
+               rightBBox = distBBox$1(node, M - m, M, toBBox),
+               margin = bboxMargin$1(leftBBox) + bboxMargin$1(rightBBox),
+               i,
+               child;
 
-           function doPaste() {
-               // prevent paste during low zoom selection
-               if (!context.map().withinEditableZoom()) return;
+           for (i = m; i < M - m; i++) {
+             child = node.children[i];
+             extend$2(leftBBox, node.leaf ? toBBox(child) : child);
+             margin += bboxMargin$1(leftBBox);
+           }
 
-               event.preventDefault();
+           for (i = M - m - 1; i >= m; i--) {
+             child = node.children[i];
+             extend$2(rightBBox, node.leaf ? toBBox(child) : child);
+             margin += bboxMargin$1(rightBBox);
+           }
 
-               var baseGraph = context.graph();
-               var mouse = context.map().mouse();
-               var projection = context.projection;
-               var viewport = geoExtent(projection.clipExtent()).polygon();
+           return margin;
+         },
+         _adjustParentBBoxes: function _adjustParentBBoxes(bbox, path, level) {
+           // adjust bboxes along the given tree path
+           for (var i = level; i >= 0; i--) {
+             extend$2(path[i], bbox);
+           }
+         },
+         _condense: function _condense(path) {
+           // go through the path, removing empty nodes and updating bboxes
+           for (var i = path.length - 1, siblings; i >= 0; i--) {
+             if (path[i].children.length === 0) {
+               if (i > 0) {
+                 siblings = path[i - 1].children;
+                 siblings.splice(siblings.indexOf(path[i]), 1);
+               } else this.clear();
+             } else calcBBox$1(path[i], this.toBBox);
+           }
+         },
+         _initFormat: function _initFormat(format) {
+           // data format (minX, minY, maxX, maxY accessors)
+           // uses eval-type function compilation instead of just accepting a toBBox function
+           // because the algorithms are very sensitive to sorting functions performance,
+           // so they should be dead simple and without inner calls
+           var compareArr = ['return a', ' - b', ';'];
+           this.compareMinX = new Function('a', 'b', compareArr.join(format[0]));
+           this.compareMinY = new Function('a', 'b', compareArr.join(format[1]));
+           this.toBBox = new Function('a', 'return {minX: a' + format[0] + ', minY: a' + format[1] + ', maxX: a' + format[2] + ', maxY: a' + format[3] + '};');
+         }
+       };
 
-               if (!geoPointInPolygon(mouse, viewport)) return;
+       function findItem$1(item, items, equalsFn) {
+         if (!equalsFn) return items.indexOf(item);
 
-               var oldIDs = context.copyIDs();
-               if (!oldIDs.length) return;
+         for (var i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {
+           if (equalsFn(item, items[i])) return i;
+         }
 
-               var extent = geoExtent();
-               var oldGraph = context.copyGraph();
-               var newIDs = [];
+         return -1;
+       } // calculate node's bbox from bboxes of its children
 
-               var action = actionCopyEntities(oldIDs, oldGraph);
-               context.perform(action);
 
-               var copies = action.copies();
-               var originals = new Set();
-               Object.values(copies).forEach(function(entity) { originals.add(entity.id); });
+       function calcBBox$1(node, toBBox) {
+         distBBox$1(node, 0, node.children.length, toBBox, node);
+       } // min bounding rectangle of node children from k to p-1
 
-               for (var id in copies) {
-                   var oldEntity = oldGraph.entity(id);
-                   var newEntity = copies[id];
 
-                   extent._extend(oldEntity.extent(oldGraph));
+       function distBBox$1(node, k, p, toBBox, destNode) {
+         if (!destNode) destNode = createNode$1(null);
+         destNode.minX = Infinity;
+         destNode.minY = Infinity;
+         destNode.maxX = -Infinity;
+         destNode.maxY = -Infinity;
 
-                   // Exclude child nodes from newIDs if their parent way was also copied.
-                   var parents = context.graph().parentWays(newEntity);
-                   var parentCopied = parents.some(function(parent) {
-                       return originals.has(parent.id);
-                   });
+         for (var i = k, child; i < p; i++) {
+           child = node.children[i];
+           extend$2(destNode, node.leaf ? toBBox(child) : child);
+         }
 
-                   if (!parentCopied) {
-                       newIDs.push(newEntity.id);
-                   }
-               }
+         return destNode;
+       }
 
-               // Put pasted objects where mouse pointer is..
-               var copyPoint = (context.copyLonLat() && projection(context.copyLonLat())) || projection(extent.center());
-               var delta = geoVecSubtract(mouse, copyPoint);
+       function extend$2(a, b) {
+         a.minX = Math.min(a.minX, b.minX);
+         a.minY = Math.min(a.minY, b.minY);
+         a.maxX = Math.max(a.maxX, b.maxX);
+         a.maxY = Math.max(a.maxY, b.maxY);
+         return a;
+       }
 
-               context.perform(actionMove(newIDs, delta, projection));
-               context.enter(modeMove(context, newIDs, baseGraph));
-           }
+       function compareNodeMinX$1(a, b) {
+         return a.minX - b.minX;
+       }
 
+       function compareNodeMinY$1(a, b) {
+         return a.minY - b.minY;
+       }
 
-           function behavior() {
-               context.keybinding().on(uiCmd('⌘V'), doPaste);
-               return behavior;
-           }
+       function bboxArea$1(a) {
+         return (a.maxX - a.minX) * (a.maxY - a.minY);
+       }
 
+       function bboxMargin$1(a) {
+         return a.maxX - a.minX + (a.maxY - a.minY);
+       }
 
-           behavior.off = function() {
-               context.keybinding().off(uiCmd('⌘V'));
-           };
+       function enlargedArea$1(a, b) {
+         return (Math.max(b.maxX, a.maxX) - Math.min(b.minX, a.minX)) * (Math.max(b.maxY, a.maxY) - Math.min(b.minY, a.minY));
+       }
 
+       function intersectionArea$1(a, b) {
+         var minX = Math.max(a.minX, b.minX),
+             minY = Math.max(a.minY, b.minY),
+             maxX = Math.min(a.maxX, b.maxX),
+             maxY = Math.min(a.maxY, b.maxY);
+         return Math.max(0, maxX - minX) * Math.max(0, maxY - minY);
+       }
 
-           return behavior;
+       function contains$1(a, b) {
+         return a.minX <= b.minX && a.minY <= b.minY && b.maxX <= a.maxX && b.maxY <= a.maxY;
        }
 
-       /*
-           `behaviorDrag` is like `d3_behavior.drag`, with the following differences:
+       function intersects$1(a, b) {
+         return b.minX <= a.maxX && b.minY <= a.maxY && b.maxX >= a.minX && b.maxY >= a.minY;
+       }
 
-           * The `origin` function is expected to return an [x, y] tuple rather than an
-             {x, y} object.
-           * The events are `start`, `move`, and `end`.
-             (https://github.com/mbostock/d3/issues/563)
-           * The `start` event is not dispatched until the first cursor movement occurs.
-             (https://github.com/mbostock/d3/pull/368)
-           * The `move` event has a `point` and `delta` [x, y] tuple properties rather
-             than `x`, `y`, `dx`, and `dy` properties.
-           * The `end` event is not dispatched if no movement occurs.
-           * An `off` function is available that unbinds the drag's internal event handlers.
-        */
+       function createNode$1(children) {
+         return {
+           children: children,
+           height: 1,
+           leaf: true,
+           minX: Infinity,
+           minY: Infinity,
+           maxX: -Infinity,
+           maxY: -Infinity
+         };
+       } // sort an array so that items come in groups of n unsorted items, with groups sorted between each other;
+       // combines selection algorithm with binary divide & conquer approach
 
-       function behaviorDrag() {
-           var dispatch$1 = dispatch('start', 'move', 'end');
-
-           // see also behaviorSelect
-           var _tolerancePx = 1; // keep this low to facilitate pixel-perfect micromapping
-           var _penTolerancePx = 4; // styluses can be touchy so require greater movement - #1981
-
-           var _origin = null;
-           var _selector = '';
-           var _event;
-           var _target;
-           var _surface;
-           var _pointerId;
-
-           // use pointer events on supported platforms; fallback to mouse events
-           var _pointerPrefix = 'PointerEvent' in window ? 'pointer' : 'mouse';
-
-           var d3_event_userSelectProperty = utilPrefixCSSProperty('UserSelect');
-           var d3_event_userSelectSuppress = function() {
-                   var selection$1 = selection();
-                   var select = selection$1.style(d3_event_userSelectProperty);
-                   selection$1.style(d3_event_userSelectProperty, 'none');
-                   return function() {
-                       selection$1.style(d3_event_userSelectProperty, select);
-                   };
-               };
 
+       function multiSelect$1(arr, left, right, n, compare) {
+         var stack = [left, right],
+             mid;
 
-           function eventOf(thiz, argumentz) {
-               return function(e1) {
-                   e1.target = behavior;
-                   customEvent(e1, dispatch$1.apply, dispatch$1, [e1.type, thiz, argumentz]);
-               };
-           }
+         while (stack.length) {
+           right = stack.pop();
+           left = stack.pop();
+           if (right - left <= n) continue;
+           mid = left + Math.ceil((right - left) / n / 2) * n;
+           quickselect$1(arr, mid, left, right, compare);
+           stack.push(left, mid, mid, right);
+         }
+       }
+       rbush_1["default"] = _default$1;
 
+       var lineclip_1 = lineclip$1;
+       lineclip$1.polyline = lineclip$1;
+       lineclip$1.polygon = polygonclip$1; // Cohen-Sutherland line clippign algorithm, adapted to efficiently
+       // handle polylines rather than just segments
 
-           function pointerdown() {
+       function lineclip$1(points, bbox, result) {
+         var len = points.length,
+             codeA = bitCode$1(points[0], bbox),
+             part = [],
+             i,
+             a,
+             b,
+             codeB,
+             lastCode;
+         if (!result) result = [];
 
-               if (_pointerId) return;
+         for (i = 1; i < len; i++) {
+           a = points[i - 1];
+           b = points[i];
+           codeB = lastCode = bitCode$1(b, bbox);
 
-               _pointerId = event.pointerId || 'mouse';
+           while (true) {
+             if (!(codeA | codeB)) {
+               // accept
+               part.push(a);
+
+               if (codeB !== lastCode) {
+                 // segment went outside
+                 part.push(b);
+
+                 if (i < len - 1) {
+                   // start a new line
+                   result.push(part);
+                   part = [];
+                 }
+               } else if (i === len - 1) {
+                 part.push(b);
+               }
 
-               _target = this;
-               _event = eventOf(_target, arguments);
+               break;
+             } else if (codeA & codeB) {
+               // trivial reject
+               break;
+             } else if (codeA) {
+               // a outside, intersect with clip edge
+               a = intersect$1(a, b, codeA, bbox);
+               codeA = bitCode$1(a, bbox);
+             } else {
+               // b outside
+               b = intersect$1(a, b, codeB, bbox);
+               codeB = bitCode$1(b, bbox);
+             }
+           }
 
-               // only force reflow once per drag
-               var pointerLocGetter = utilFastMouse(_surface || _target.parentNode);
+           codeA = lastCode;
+         }
 
-               var offset;
-               var startOrigin = pointerLocGetter(event);
-               var started = false;
-               var selectEnable = d3_event_userSelectSuppress();
+         if (part.length) result.push(part);
+         return result;
+       } // Sutherland-Hodgeman polygon clipping algorithm
 
-               select(window)
-                   .on(_pointerPrefix + 'move.drag', pointermove)
-                   .on(_pointerPrefix + 'up.drag pointercancel.drag', pointerup, true);
 
-               if (_origin) {
-                   offset = _origin.apply(_target, arguments);
-                   offset = [offset[0] - startOrigin[0], offset[1] - startOrigin[1]];
-               } else {
-                   offset = [0, 0];
-               }
+       function polygonclip$1(points, bbox) {
+         var result, edge, prev, prevInside, i, p, inside; // clip against each side of the clip rectangle
 
-               event.stopPropagation();
+         for (edge = 1; edge <= 8; edge *= 2) {
+           result = [];
+           prev = points[points.length - 1];
+           prevInside = !(bitCode$1(prev, bbox) & edge);
 
+           for (i = 0; i < points.length; i++) {
+             p = points[i];
+             inside = !(bitCode$1(p, bbox) & edge); // if segment goes through the clip window, add an intersection
 
-               function pointermove() {
-                   if (_pointerId !== (event.pointerId || 'mouse')) return;
+             if (inside !== prevInside) result.push(intersect$1(prev, p, edge, bbox));
+             if (inside) result.push(p); // add a point if it's inside
 
-                   var p = pointerLocGetter(event);
+             prev = p;
+             prevInside = inside;
+           }
 
-                   if (!started) {
-                       var dist = geoVecLength(startOrigin,  p);
-                       var tolerance = event.pointerType === 'pen' ? _penTolerancePx : _tolerancePx;
-                       // don't start until the drag has actually moved somewhat
-                       if (dist < tolerance) return;
+           points = result;
+           if (!points.length) break;
+         }
 
-                       started = true;
-                       _event({ type: 'start' });
+         return result;
+       } // intersect a segment against one of the 4 lines that make up the bbox
 
-                   // Don't send a `move` event in the same cycle as `start` since dragging
-                   // a midpoint will convert the target to a node.
-                   } else {
 
-                       startOrigin = p;
-                       event.stopPropagation();
-                       event.preventDefault();
+       function intersect$1(a, b, edge, bbox) {
+         return edge & 8 ? [a[0] + (b[0] - a[0]) * (bbox[3] - a[1]) / (b[1] - a[1]), bbox[3]] : // top
+         edge & 4 ? [a[0] + (b[0] - a[0]) * (bbox[1] - a[1]) / (b[1] - a[1]), bbox[1]] : // bottom
+         edge & 2 ? [bbox[2], a[1] + (b[1] - a[1]) * (bbox[2] - a[0]) / (b[0] - a[0])] : // right
+         edge & 1 ? [bbox[0], a[1] + (b[1] - a[1]) * (bbox[0] - a[0]) / (b[0] - a[0])] : // left
+         null;
+       } // bit code reflects the point position relative to the bbox:
+       //         left  mid  right
+       //    top  1001  1000  1010
+       //    mid  0001  0000  0010
+       // bottom  0101  0100  0110
 
-                       var dx = p[0] - startOrigin[0];
-                       var dy = p[1] - startOrigin[1];
-                       _event({
-                           type: 'move',
-                           point: [p[0] + offset[0],  p[1] + offset[1]],
-                           delta: [dx, dy]
-                       });
-                   }
-               }
 
+       function bitCode$1(p, bbox) {
+         var code = 0;
+         if (p[0] < bbox[0]) code |= 1; // left
+         else if (p[0] > bbox[2]) code |= 2; // right
 
-               function pointerup() {
-                   if (_pointerId !== (event.pointerId || 'mouse')) return;
+         if (p[1] < bbox[1]) code |= 4; // bottom
+         else if (p[1] > bbox[3]) code |= 8; // top
 
-                   _pointerId = null;
+         return code;
+       }
 
-                   if (started) {
-                       _event({ type: 'end' });
+       var whichPolygon_1 = whichPolygon;
 
-                       event.preventDefault();
-                   }
+       function whichPolygon(data) {
+         var bboxes = [];
 
-                   select(window)
-                       .on(_pointerPrefix + 'move.drag', null)
-                       .on(_pointerPrefix + 'up.drag pointercancel.drag', null);
+         for (var i = 0; i < data.features.length; i++) {
+           var feature = data.features[i];
+           var coords = feature.geometry.coordinates;
 
-                   selectEnable();
-               }
+           if (feature.geometry.type === 'Polygon') {
+             bboxes.push(treeItem(coords, feature.properties));
+           } else if (feature.geometry.type === 'MultiPolygon') {
+             for (var j = 0; j < coords.length; j++) {
+               bboxes.push(treeItem(coords[j], feature.properties));
+             }
            }
+         }
 
+         var tree = rbush_1().load(bboxes);
+
+         function query(p, multi) {
+           var output = [],
+               result = tree.search({
+             minX: p[0],
+             minY: p[1],
+             maxX: p[0],
+             maxY: p[1]
+           });
 
-           function behavior(selection) {
-               _pointerId = null;
-               var matchesSelector = utilPrefixDOMProperty('matchesSelector');
-               var delegate = pointerdown;
+           for (var i = 0; i < result.length; i++) {
+             if (insidePolygon(result[i].coords, p)) {
+               if (multi) output.push(result[i].props);else return result[i].props;
+             }
+           }
 
-               if (_selector) {
-                   delegate = function() {
-                       var root = this;
-                       var target = event.target;
-                       for (; target && target !== root; target = target.parentNode) {
-                           var datum = target.__data__;
+           return multi && output.length ? output : null;
+         }
 
-                           var entity = datum instanceof osmNote ? datum
-                               : datum && datum.properties && datum.properties.entity;
+         query.tree = tree;
 
-                           if (entity && target[matchesSelector](_selector)) {
-                               return pointerdown.call(target, entity);
-                           }
-                       }
-                   };
-               }
+         query.bbox = function queryBBox(bbox) {
+           var output = [];
+           var result = tree.search({
+             minX: bbox[0],
+             minY: bbox[1],
+             maxX: bbox[2],
+             maxY: bbox[3]
+           });
 
-               selection
-                   .on(_pointerPrefix + 'down.drag' + _selector, delegate);
+           for (var i = 0; i < result.length; i++) {
+             if (polygonIntersectsBBox(result[i].coords, bbox)) {
+               output.push(result[i].props);
+             }
            }
 
+           return output;
+         };
 
-           behavior.off = function(selection) {
-               selection
-                   .on(_pointerPrefix + 'down.drag' + _selector, null);
-           };
+         return query;
+       }
 
+       function polygonIntersectsBBox(polygon, bbox) {
+         var bboxCenter = [(bbox[0] + bbox[2]) / 2, (bbox[1] + bbox[3]) / 2];
+         if (insidePolygon(polygon, bboxCenter)) return true;
 
-           behavior.selector = function(_) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _selector;
-               _selector = _;
-               return behavior;
-           };
+         for (var i = 0; i < polygon.length; i++) {
+           if (lineclip_1(polygon[i], bbox).length > 0) return true;
+         }
 
+         return false;
+       } // ray casting algorithm for detecting if point is in polygon
 
-           behavior.origin = function(_) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _origin;
-               _origin = _;
-               return behavior;
-           };
 
+       function insidePolygon(rings, p) {
+         var inside = false;
 
-           behavior.cancel = function() {
-               select(window)
-                   .on(_pointerPrefix + 'move.drag', null)
-                   .on(_pointerPrefix + 'up.drag pointercancel.drag', null);
-               return behavior;
-           };
+         for (var i = 0, len = rings.length; i < len; i++) {
+           var ring = rings[i];
 
+           for (var j = 0, len2 = ring.length, k = len2 - 1; j < len2; k = j++) {
+             if (rayIntersect(p, ring[j], ring[k])) inside = !inside;
+           }
+         }
 
-           behavior.target = function() {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _target;
-               _target = arguments[0];
-               _event = eventOf(_target, Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1));
-               return behavior;
-           };
+         return inside;
+       }
 
+       function rayIntersect(p, p1, p2) {
+         return p1[1] > p[1] !== p2[1] > p[1] && p[0] < (p2[0] - p1[0]) * (p[1] - p1[1]) / (p2[1] - p1[1]) + p1[0];
+       }
 
-           behavior.surface = function() {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _surface;
-               _surface = arguments[0];
-               return behavior;
-           };
+       function treeItem(coords, props) {
+         var item = {
+           minX: Infinity,
+           minY: Infinity,
+           maxX: -Infinity,
+           maxY: -Infinity,
+           coords: coords,
+           props: props
+         };
+
+         for (var i = 0; i < coords[0].length; i++) {
+           var p = coords[0][i];
+           item.minX = Math.min(item.minX, p[0]);
+           item.minY = Math.min(item.minY, p[1]);
+           item.maxX = Math.max(item.maxX, p[0]);
+           item.maxY = Math.max(item.maxY, p[1]);
+         }
 
+         return item;
+       }
 
-           return utilRebind(behavior, dispatch$1, 'on');
+       var type = "FeatureCollection";
+       var features = [{
+         type: "Feature",
+         properties: {
+           wikidata: "Q21",
+           nameEn: "England",
+           aliases: ["GB-ENG"],
+           country: "GB",
+           groups: ["Q23666", "Q3336843", "154", "150", "UN"],
+           driveSide: "left",
+           roadSpeedUnit: "mph",
+           roadHeightUnit: "ft",
+           callingCodes: ["44"]
+         },
+         geometry: {
+           type: "MultiPolygon",
+           coordinates: [[[[-6.03913, 51.13217], [-7.74976, 48.64773], [1.17405, 50.74239], [2.18458, 51.52087], [2.56575, 51.85301], [0.792, 57.56437], [-2.30613, 55.62698], [-2.17058, 55.45916], [-2.6095, 55.28488], [-2.63532, 55.19452], [-3.02906, 55.04606], [-3.09361, 54.94924], [-3.38407, 54.94278], [-4.1819, 54.57861], [-3.5082, 53.54318], [-3.08228, 53.25526], [-3.03675, 53.25092], [-2.92329, 53.19383], [-2.92022, 53.17685], [-2.98598, 53.15589], [-2.90649, 53.10964], [-2.87469, 53.12337], [-2.89131, 53.09374], [-2.83133, 52.99184], [-2.7251, 52.98389], [-2.72221, 52.92969], [-2.80549, 52.89428], [-2.85897, 52.94487], [-2.92401, 52.93836], [-2.97243, 52.9651], [-3.13576, 52.895], [-3.15744, 52.84947], [-3.16105, 52.79599], [-3.08734, 52.77504], [-3.01001, 52.76636], [-2.95581, 52.71794], [-3.01724, 52.72083], [-3.04398, 52.65435], [-3.13648, 52.58208], [-3.12926, 52.5286], [-3.09746, 52.53077], [-3.08662, 52.54811], [-3.00929, 52.57774], [-2.99701, 52.551], [-3.03603, 52.49969], [-3.13359, 52.49174], [-3.22971, 52.45344], [-3.22754, 52.42526], [-3.04687, 52.34504], [-2.95364, 52.3501], [-2.99701, 52.323], [-3.00785, 52.2753], [-3.09289, 52.20546], [-3.12638, 52.08114], [-2.97111, 51.90456], [-2.8818, 51.93196], [-2.78742, 51.88833], [-2.74277, 51.84367], [-2.66234, 51.83555], [-2.66336, 51.59504], [-3.20563, 51.31615], [-6.03913, 51.13217]]]]
+         }
+       }, {
+         type: "Feature",
+         properties: {
+           wikidata: "Q22",
+           nameEn: "Scotland",
+           aliases: ["GB-SCT"],
+           country: "GB",
+           groups: ["Q23666", "Q3336843", "154", "150", "UN"],
+           driveSide: "left",
+           roadSpeedUnit: "mph",
+           roadHeightUnit: "ft",
+           callingCodes: ["44"]
+         },
+         geometry: {
+           type: "MultiPolygon",
+           coordinates: [[[[0.792, 57.56437], [-0.3751, 61.32236], [-14.78497, 57.60709], [-6.82333, 55.83103], [-4.69044, 54.3629], [-3.38407, 54.94278], [-3.09361, 54.94924], [-3.02906, 55.04606], [-2.63532, 55.19452], [-2.6095, 55.28488], [-2.17058, 55.45916], [-2.30613, 55.62698], [0.792, 57.56437]]]]
+         }
+       }, {
+         type: "Feature",
+         properties: {
+           wikidata: "Q25",
+           nameEn: "Wales",
+           aliases: ["GB-WLS"],
+           country: "GB",
+           groups: ["Q23666", "Q3336843", "154", "150", "UN"],
+           driveSide: "left",
+           roadSpeedUnit: "mph",
+           roadHeightUnit: "ft",
+           callingCodes: ["44"]
+         },
+         geometry: {
+           type: "MultiPolygon",
+           coordinates: [[[[-3.5082, 53.54318], [-5.37267, 53.63269], [-6.03913, 51.13217], [-3.20563, 51.31615], [-2.66336, 51.59504], [-2.66234, 51.83555], [-2.74277, 51.84367], [-2.78742, 51.88833], [-2.8818, 51.93196], [-2.97111, 51.90456], [-3.12638, 52.08114], [-3.09289, 52.20546], [-3.00785, 52.2753], [-2.99701, 52.323], [-2.95364, 52.3501], [-3.04687, 52.34504], [-3.22754, 52.42526], [-3.22971, 52.45344], [-3.13359, 52.49174], [-3.03603, 52.49969], [-2.99701, 52.551], [-3.00929, 52.57774], [-3.08662, 52.54811], [-3.09746, 52.53077], [-3.12926, 52.5286], [-3.13648, 52.58208], [-3.04398, 52.65435], [-3.01724, 52.72083], [-2.95581, 52.71794], [-3.01001, 52.76636], [-3.08734, 52.77504], [-3.16105, 52.79599], [-3.15744, 52.84947], [-3.13576, 52.895], [-2.97243, 52.9651], [-2.92401, 52.93836], [-2.85897, 52.94487], [-2.80549, 52.89428], [-2.72221, 52.92969], [-2.7251, 52.98389], [-2.83133, 52.99184], [-2.89131, 53.09374], [-2.87469, 53.12337], [-2.90649, 53.10964], [-2.98598, 53.15589], [-2.92022, 53.17685], [-2.92329, 53.19383], [-3.03675, 53.25092], [-3.08228, 53.25526], [-3.5082, 53.54318]]]]
+         }
+       }, {
+         type: "Feature",
+         properties: {
+           wikidata: "Q26",
+           nameEn: "Northern Ireland",
+           aliases: ["GB-NIR"],
+           country: "GB",
+           groups: ["Q22890", "Q3336843", "154", "150", "UN"],
+           driveSide: "left",
+           roadSpeedUnit: "mph",
+           roadHeightUnit: "ft",
+           callingCodes: ["44"]
+         },
+         geometry: {
+           type: "MultiPolygon",
+           coordinates: [[[[-6.34755, 55.49206], [-7.2471, 55.06933], [-7.34464, 55.04688], [-7.4033, 55.00391], [-7.40004, 54.94498], [-7.44404, 54.9403], [-7.4473, 54.87003], [-7.47626, 54.83084], [-7.54508, 54.79401], [-7.54671, 54.74606], [-7.64449, 54.75265], [-7.75041, 54.7103], [-7.83352, 54.73854], [-7.93293, 54.66603], [-7.70315, 54.62077], [-7.8596, 54.53671], [-7.99812, 54.54427], [-8.04538, 54.48941], [-8.179, 54.46763], [-8.04555, 54.36292], [-7.87101, 54.29299], [-7.8596, 54.21779], [-7.81397, 54.20159], [-7.69501, 54.20731], [-7.55812, 54.12239], [-7.4799, 54.12239], [-7.44567, 54.1539], [-7.32834, 54.11475], [-7.30553, 54.11869], [-7.34005, 54.14698], [-7.29157, 54.17191], [-7.28017, 54.16714], [-7.29687, 54.1354], [-7.29493, 54.12013], [-7.26316, 54.13863], [-7.25012, 54.20063], [-7.14908, 54.22732], [-7.19145, 54.31296], [-7.02034, 54.4212], [-6.87775, 54.34682], [-6.85179, 54.29176], [-6.81583, 54.22791], [-6.74575, 54.18788], [-6.70175, 54.20218], [-6.6382, 54.17071], [-6.66264, 54.0666], [-6.62842, 54.03503], [-6.47849, 54.06947], [-6.36605, 54.07234], [-6.36279, 54.11248], [-6.32694, 54.09337], [-6.29003, 54.11278], [-6.26218, 54.09785], [-5.83481, 53.87749], [-4.69044, 54.3629], [-6.34755, 55.49206]]]]
+         }
+       }, {
+         type: "Feature",
+         properties: {
+           wikidata: "Q35",
+           nameEn: "Denmark",
+           country: "DK",
+           groups: ["EU", "154", "150", "UN"],
+           callingCodes: ["45"]
+         },
+         geometry: {
+           type: "MultiPolygon",
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+         geometry: {
+           type: "MultiPolygon",
+           coordinates: [[[[30.41902, -15.62269], [30.35574, -15.6513], [29.8317, -15.6126], [29.4437, -15.68702], [29.21955, -15.76589], [29.01298, -15.93805], [28.9243, -15.93987], [28.8501, -16.04537], [28.81454, -16.48611], [28.76199, -16.51575], [28.73725, -16.5528], [27.83141, -16.96274], [27.62795, -17.24365], [27.61377, -17.34378], [27.30736, -17.60487], [27.14196, -17.81398], [26.89926, -17.98756], [26.74314, -18.0199], [26.68403, -18.07411], [26.55918, -17.99638], [26.21601, -17.88608], [26.0908, -17.93021], [26.08925, -17.98168], [25.85892, -17.97726], [25.85738, -17.91403], [25.6827, -17.81987], [25.51646, -17.86232], [25.26433, -17.79571], [25.23909, -17.90832], [25.31799, -18.07091], [25.39972, -18.12691], [25.53465, -18.39041], [25.68859, -18.56165], [25.79217, -18.6355], [25.82353, -18.82808], [25.94326, -18.90362], [25.99837, -19.02943], [25.96226, -19.08152], [26.17227, -19.53709], [26.72246, -19.92707], [27.21278, -20.08244], [27.29831, -20.28935], [27.28865, -20.49873], [27.69361, -20.48531], [27.72972, -20.51735], [27.69171, -21.08409], [27.91407, -21.31621], [28.01669, -21.57624], [28.29416, -21.59037], [28.49942, -21.66634], [28.58114, -21.63455], [29.07763, -21.81877], [29.04023, -21.85864], [29.02191, -21.90647], [29.02191, -21.95665], [29.04108, -22.00563], [29.08495, -22.04867], [29.14501, -22.07275], [29.1974, -22.07472], [29.24648, -22.05967], [29.3533, -22.18363], [29.37703, -22.19581], [29.64609, -22.12917], [29.76848, -22.14128], [29.92242, -22.19408], [30.13147, -22.30841], [30.2265, -22.2961], [30.28351, -22.35587], [30.38614, -22.34533], [30.48686, -22.31368], [30.6294, -22.32599], [30.86696, -22.28907], [31.08932, -22.34884], [31.16344, -22.32599], [31.30611, -22.422], [31.38336, -22.36919], [32.41234, -21.31246], [32.48236, -21.32873], [32.37115, -21.133], [32.51644, -20.91929], [32.48122, -20.63319], [32.55167, -20.56312], [32.66174, -20.56106], [32.85987, -20.27841], [32.85987, -20.16686], [32.93032, -20.03868], [33.01178, -20.02007], [33.06461, -19.77787], [32.95013, -19.67219], [32.84666, -19.68462], [32.84446, -19.48343], [32.78282, -19.47513], [32.77966, -19.36098], [32.85107, -19.29238], [32.87088, -19.09279], [32.84006, -19.0262], [32.72118, -19.02204], [32.69917, -18.94293], [32.73439, -18.92628], [32.70137, -18.84712], [32.82465, -18.77419], [32.9017, -18.7992], [32.95013, -18.69079], [32.88629, -18.58023], [32.88629, -18.51344], [33.02278, -18.4696], [33.03159, -18.35054], [32.94133, -17.99705], [33.0492, -17.60298], [32.98536, -17.55891], [32.96554, -17.48964], [33.0426, -17.3468], [33.00517, -17.30477], [32.96554, -17.11971], [32.84113, -16.92259], [32.91051, -16.89446], [32.97655, -16.70689], [32.78943, -16.70267], [32.69917, -16.66893], [32.71017, -16.59932], [32.42838, -16.4727], [32.28529, -16.43892], [32.02772, -16.43892], [31.91324, -16.41569], [31.90223, -16.34388], [31.67988, -16.19595], [31.42451, -16.15154], [31.30563, -16.01193], [31.13171, -15.98019], [30.97761, -16.05848], [30.91597, -15.99924], [30.42568, -15.9962], [30.41902, -15.62269]]]]
+         }
+       }];
+       var borders_default = {
+         type: type,
+         features: features
+       }; // src/country-coder.ts
+
+       var borders = borders_default;
+       var whichPolygonGetter = {};
+       var featuresByCode = {};
+       var idFilterRegex = /(?=(?!^(and|the|of|el|la|de)$))(\b(and|the|of|el|la|de)\b)|[-_ .,'()&[\]/]/gi;
+
+       function canonicalID(id) {
+         var s = id || "";
+
+         if (s.charAt(0) === ".") {
+           return s.toUpperCase();
+         } else {
+           return s.replace(idFilterRegex, "").toUpperCase();
+         }
        }
 
-       function modeDragNode(context) {
-           var mode = {
-               id: 'drag-node',
-               button: 'browse'
-           };
-           var hover = behaviorHover(context).altDisables(true)
-               .on('hover', context.ui().sidebar.hover);
-           var edit = behaviorEdit(context);
-
-           var _nudgeInterval;
-           var _restoreSelectedIDs = [];
-           var _wasMidpoint = false;
-           var _isCancelled = false;
-           var _activeEntity;
-           var _startLoc;
-           var _lastLoc;
-
-
-           function startNudge(entity, nudge) {
-               if (_nudgeInterval) window.clearInterval(_nudgeInterval);
-               _nudgeInterval = window.setInterval(function() {
-                   context.map().pan(nudge);
-                   doMove(entity, nudge);
-               }, 50);
-           }
-
-
-           function stopNudge() {
-               if (_nudgeInterval) {
-                   window.clearInterval(_nudgeInterval);
-                   _nudgeInterval = null;
-               }
-           }
-
-
-           function moveAnnotation(entity) {
-               return _t('operations.move.annotation.' + entity.geometry(context.graph()));
-           }
-
-
-           function connectAnnotation(nodeEntity, targetEntity) {
-               var nodeGeometry = nodeEntity.geometry(context.graph());
-               var targetGeometry = targetEntity.geometry(context.graph());
-               if (nodeGeometry === 'vertex' && targetGeometry === 'vertex') {
-                   var nodeParentWayIDs = context.graph().parentWays(nodeEntity);
-                   var targetParentWayIDs = context.graph().parentWays(targetEntity);
-                   var sharedParentWays = utilArrayIntersection(nodeParentWayIDs, targetParentWayIDs);
-                   // if both vertices are part of the same way
-                   if (sharedParentWays.length !== 0) {
-                       // if the nodes are next to each other, they are merged
-                       if (sharedParentWays[0].areAdjacent(nodeEntity.id, targetEntity.id)) {
-                           return _t('operations.connect.annotation.from_vertex.to_adjacent_vertex');
-                       }
-                       return _t('operations.connect.annotation.from_vertex.to_sibling_vertex');
-                   }
-               }
-               return _t('operations.connect.annotation.from_' + nodeGeometry + '.to_' + targetGeometry);
-           }
-
-
-           function shouldSnapToNode(target) {
-               if (!_activeEntity) return false;
-               return _activeEntity.geometry(context.graph()) !== 'vertex' ||
-                   (target.geometry(context.graph()) === 'vertex' || _mainPresetIndex.allowsVertex(target, context.graph()));
-           }
-
-
-           function origin(entity) {
-               return context.projection(entity.loc);
-           }
-
-
-           function keydown() {
-               if (event.keyCode === utilKeybinding.modifierCodes.alt) {
-                   if (context.surface().classed('nope')) {
-                       context.surface()
-                           .classed('nope-suppressed', true);
-                   }
-                   context.surface()
-                       .classed('nope', false)
-                       .classed('nope-disabled', true);
-               }
-           }
-
-
-           function keyup() {
-               if (event.keyCode === utilKeybinding.modifierCodes.alt) {
-                   if (context.surface().classed('nope-suppressed')) {
-                       context.surface()
-                           .classed('nope', true);
-                   }
-                   context.surface()
-                       .classed('nope-suppressed', false)
-                       .classed('nope-disabled', false);
-               }
-           }
-
-
-           function start(entity) {
-               _wasMidpoint = entity.type === 'midpoint';
-               var hasHidden = context.features().hasHiddenConnections(entity, context.graph());
-               _isCancelled = !context.editable() || event.sourceEvent.shiftKey || hasHidden;
-
-
-               if (_isCancelled) {
-                   if (hasHidden) {
-                       context.ui().flash
-                           .duration(4000)
-                           .text(_t('modes.drag_node.connected_to_hidden'))();
-                   }
-                   return drag.cancel();
-               }
-
-               if (_wasMidpoint) {
-                   var midpoint = entity;
-                   entity = osmNode();
-                   context.perform(actionAddMidpoint(midpoint, entity));
-                   entity = context.entity(entity.id);   // get post-action entity
-
-                   var vertex = context.surface().selectAll('.' + entity.id);
-                   drag.target(vertex.node(), entity);
-
-               } else {
-                   context.perform(actionNoop());
-               }
-
-               _activeEntity = entity;
-               _startLoc = entity.loc;
-
-               hover.ignoreVertex(entity.geometry(context.graph()) === 'vertex');
-
-               context.surface().selectAll('.' + _activeEntity.id)
-                   .classed('active', true);
-
-               context.enter(mode);
-           }
-
-
-           // related code
-           // - `behavior/draw.js` `datum()`
-           function datum() {
-               var event$1 = event && event.sourceEvent;
-               if (!event$1 || event$1.altKey) {
-                   return {};
-               } else {
-                   // When dragging, snap only to touch targets..
-                   // (this excludes area fills and active drawing elements)
-                   var d = event$1.target.__data__;
-                   return (d && d.properties && d.properties.target) ? d : {};
-               }
-           }
-
-
-           function doMove(entity, nudge) {
-               nudge = nudge || [0, 0];
-
-               var currPoint = (event && event.point) || context.projection(_lastLoc);
-               var currMouse = geoVecSubtract(currPoint, nudge);
-               var loc = context.projection.invert(currMouse);
-
-               if (!_nudgeInterval) {   // If not nudging at the edge of the viewport, try to snap..
-                   // related code
-                   // - `mode/drag_node.js`     `doMove()`
-                   // - `behavior/draw.js`      `click()`
-                   // - `behavior/draw_way.js`  `move()`
-                   var d = datum();
-                   var target = d && d.properties && d.properties.entity;
-                   var targetLoc = target && target.loc;
-                   var targetNodes = d && d.properties && d.properties.nodes;
-                   var edge;
-
-                   if (targetLoc) {   // snap to node/vertex - a point target with `.loc`
-                       if (shouldSnapToNode(target)) {
-                           loc = targetLoc;
-                       }
+       var levels = ["subterritory", "territory", "subcountryGroup", "country", "sharedLandform", "intermediateRegion", "subregion", "region", "subunion", "union", "unitedNations", "world"];
+       loadDerivedDataAndCaches(borders);
 
-                   } else if (targetNodes) {   // snap to way - a line target with `.nodes`
-                       edge = geoChooseEdge(targetNodes, context.map().mouse(), context.projection, end.id);
-                       if (edge) {
-                           loc = edge.loc;
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
+       function loadDerivedDataAndCaches(borders2) {
+         var identifierProps = ["iso1A2", "iso1A3", "m49", "wikidata", "emojiFlag", "ccTLD", "nameEn"];
+         var geometryFeatures = [];
+
+         for (var i in borders2.features) {
+           var feature2 = borders2.features[i];
+           feature2.properties.id = feature2.properties.iso1A2 || feature2.properties.m49 || feature2.properties.wikidata;
+           loadM49(feature2);
+           loadTLD(feature2);
+           loadIsoStatus(feature2);
+           loadLevel(feature2);
+           loadGroups(feature2);
+           loadFlag(feature2);
+           cacheFeatureByIDs(feature2);
+           if (feature2.geometry) geometryFeatures.push(feature2);
+         }
+
+         for (var _i in borders2.features) {
+           var _feature = borders2.features[_i];
+           _feature.properties.groups = _feature.properties.groups.map(function (groupID) {
+             return featuresByCode[groupID].properties.id;
+           });
+           loadMembersForGroupsOf(_feature);
+         }
 
-               context.replace(
-                   actionMoveNode(entity.id, loc)
-               );
+         for (var _i2 in borders2.features) {
+           var _feature2 = borders2.features[_i2];
+           loadRoadSpeedUnit(_feature2);
+           loadRoadHeightUnit(_feature2);
+           loadDriveSide(_feature2);
+           loadCallingCodes(_feature2);
+           loadGroupGroups(_feature2);
+         }
 
-               // Below here: validations
-               var isInvalid = false;
+         for (var _i3 in borders2.features) {
+           var _feature3 = borders2.features[_i3];
 
-               // Check if this connection to `target` could cause relations to break..
-               if (target) {
-                   isInvalid = hasRelationConflict(entity, target, edge, context.graph());
-               }
+           _feature3.properties.groups.sort(function (groupID1, groupID2) {
+             return levels.indexOf(featuresByCode[groupID1].properties.level) - levels.indexOf(featuresByCode[groupID2].properties.level);
+           });
 
-               // Check if this drag causes the geometry to break..
-               if (!isInvalid) {
-                   isInvalid = hasInvalidGeometry(entity, context.graph());
-               }
+           if (_feature3.properties.members) _feature3.properties.members.sort(function (id1, id2) {
+             var diff = levels.indexOf(featuresByCode[id1].properties.level) - levels.indexOf(featuresByCode[id2].properties.level);
 
+             if (diff === 0) {
+               return borders2.features.indexOf(featuresByCode[id1]) - borders2.features.indexOf(featuresByCode[id2]);
+             }
 
-               var nope = context.surface().classed('nope');
-               if (isInvalid === 'relation' || isInvalid === 'restriction') {
-                   if (!nope) {   // about to nope - show hint
-                       context.ui().flash
-                           .duration(4000)
-                           .text(_t('operations.connect.' + isInvalid,
-                               { relation: _mainPresetIndex.item('type/restriction').name() }
-                           ))();
-                   }
-               } else if (isInvalid) {
-                   var errorID = isInvalid === 'line' ? 'lines' : 'areas';
-                   context.ui().flash
-                       .duration(3000)
-                       .text(_t('self_intersection.error.' + errorID))();
-               } else {
-                   if (nope) {   // about to un-nope, remove hint
-                       context.ui().flash
-                           .duration(1)
-                           .text('')();
-                   }
-               }
+             return diff;
+           });
+         }
 
+         var geometryOnlyCollection = {
+           type: "FeatureCollection",
+           features: geometryFeatures
+         };
+         whichPolygonGetter = whichPolygon_1(geometryOnlyCollection);
 
-               var nopeDisabled = context.surface().classed('nope-disabled');
-               if (nopeDisabled) {
-                   context.surface()
-                       .classed('nope', false)
-                       .classed('nope-suppressed', isInvalid);
-               } else {
-                   context.surface()
-                       .classed('nope', isInvalid)
-                       .classed('nope-suppressed', false);
-               }
+         function loadGroups(feature2) {
+           var props = feature2.properties;
 
-               _lastLoc = loc;
+           if (!props.groups) {
+             props.groups = [];
            }
 
-
-           // Uses `actionConnect.disabled()` to know whether this connection is ok..
-           function hasRelationConflict(entity, target, edge, graph) {
-               var testGraph = graph.update();  // copy
-
-               // if snapping to way - add midpoint there and consider that the target..
-               if (edge) {
-                   var midpoint = osmNode();
-                   var action = actionAddMidpoint({
-                       loc: edge.loc,
-                       edge: [target.nodes[edge.index - 1], target.nodes[edge.index]]
-                   }, midpoint);
-
-                   testGraph = action(testGraph);
-                   target = midpoint;
-               }
-
-               // can we connect to it?
-               var ids = [entity.id, target.id];
-               return actionConnect(ids).disabled(testGraph);
+           if (feature2.geometry && props.country) {
+             props.groups.push(props.country);
            }
 
-
-           function hasInvalidGeometry(entity, graph) {
-               var parents = graph.parentWays(entity);
-               var i, j, k;
-
-               for (i = 0; i < parents.length; i++) {
-                   var parent = parents[i];
-                   var nodes = [];
-                   var activeIndex = null;    // which multipolygon ring contains node being dragged
-
-                   // test any parent multipolygons for valid geometry
-                   var relations = graph.parentRelations(parent);
-                   for (j = 0; j < relations.length; j++) {
-                       if (!relations[j].isMultipolygon()) continue;
-
-                       var rings = osmJoinWays(relations[j].members, graph);
-
-                       // find active ring and test it for self intersections
-                       for (k = 0; k < rings.length; k++) {
-                           nodes = rings[k].nodes;
-                           if (nodes.find(function(n) { return n.id === entity.id; })) {
-                               activeIndex = k;
-                               if (geoHasSelfIntersections(nodes, entity.id)) {
-                                   return 'multipolygonMember';
-                               }
-                           }
-                           rings[k].coords = nodes.map(function(n) { return n.loc; });
-                       }
-
-                       // test active ring for intersections with other rings in the multipolygon
-                       for (k = 0; k < rings.length; k++) {
-                           if (k === activeIndex) continue;
-
-                           // make sure active ring doesnt cross passive rings
-                           if (geoHasLineIntersections(rings[activeIndex].nodes, rings[k].nodes, entity.id)) {
-                               return 'multipolygonRing';
-                           }
-                       }
-                   }
-
-
-                   // If we still haven't tested this node's parent way for self-intersections.
-                   // (because it's not a member of a multipolygon), test it now.
-                   if (activeIndex === null) {
-                       nodes = parent.nodes.map(function(nodeID) { return graph.entity(nodeID); });
-                       if (nodes.length && geoHasSelfIntersections(nodes, entity.id)) {
-                           return parent.geometry(graph);
-                       }
-                   }
-
-               }
-
-               return false;
+           if (props.m49 !== "001") {
+             props.groups.push("001");
            }
+         }
 
+         function loadM49(feature2) {
+           var props = feature2.properties;
 
-           function move(entity) {
-               if (_isCancelled) return;
-               event.sourceEvent.stopPropagation();
-
-               context.surface().classed('nope-disabled', event.sourceEvent.altKey);
-
-               _lastLoc = context.projection.invert(event.point);
-
-               doMove(entity);
-               var nudge = geoViewportEdge(event.point, context.map().dimensions());
-               if (nudge) {
-                   startNudge(entity, nudge);
-               } else {
-                   stopNudge();
-               }
+           if (!props.m49 && props.iso1N3) {
+             props.m49 = props.iso1N3;
            }
+         }
 
-           function end(entity) {
-               if (_isCancelled) return;
-
-               var wasPoint = entity.geometry(context.graph()) === 'point';
-
-               var d = datum();
-               var nope = (d && d.properties && d.properties.nope) || context.surface().classed('nope');
-               var target = d && d.properties && d.properties.entity;   // entity to snap to
-
-               if (nope) {   // bounce back
-                   context.perform(
-                       _actionBounceBack(entity.id, _startLoc)
-                   );
-
-               } else if (target && target.type === 'way') {
-                   var choice = geoChooseEdge(context.graph().childNodes(target), context.map().mouse(), context.projection, entity.id);
-                   context.replace(
-                       actionAddMidpoint({
-                           loc: choice.loc,
-                           edge: [target.nodes[choice.index - 1], target.nodes[choice.index]]
-                       }, entity),
-                       connectAnnotation(entity, target)
-                   );
-
-               } else if (target && target.type === 'node' && shouldSnapToNode(target)) {
-                   context.replace(
-                       actionConnect([target.id, entity.id]),
-                       connectAnnotation(entity, target)
-                   );
-
-               } else if (_wasMidpoint) {
-                   context.replace(
-                       actionNoop(),
-                       _t('operations.add.annotation.vertex')
-                   );
-
-               } else {
-                   context.replace(
-                       actionNoop(),
-                       moveAnnotation(entity)
-                   );
-               }
-
-               if (wasPoint) {
-                   context.enter(modeSelect(context, [entity.id]));
-
-               } else {
-                   var reselection = _restoreSelectedIDs.filter(function(id) {
-                       return context.graph().hasEntity(id);
-                   });
+         function loadTLD(feature2) {
+           var props = feature2.properties;
+           if (props.level === "unitedNations") return;
 
-                   if (reselection.length) {
-                       context.enter(modeSelect(context, reselection));
-                   } else {
-                       context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
-                   }
-               }
+           if (!props.ccTLD && props.iso1A2) {
+             props.ccTLD = "." + props.iso1A2.toLowerCase();
            }
+         }
 
+         function loadIsoStatus(feature2) {
+           var props = feature2.properties;
 
-           function _actionBounceBack(nodeID, toLoc) {
-               var moveNode = actionMoveNode(nodeID, toLoc);
-               var action = function(graph, t) {
-                   // last time through, pop off the bounceback perform.
-                   // it will then overwrite the initial perform with a moveNode that does nothing
-                   if (t === 1) context.pop();
-                   return moveNode(graph, t);
-               };
-               action.transitionable = true;
-               return action;
+           if (!props.isoStatus && props.iso1A2) {
+             props.isoStatus = "official";
            }
+         }
 
+         function loadLevel(feature2) {
+           var props = feature2.properties;
+           if (props.level) return;
 
-           function cancel() {
-               drag.cancel();
-               context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+           if (!props.country) {
+             props.level = "country";
+           } else if (!props.iso1A2 || props.isoStatus === "official") {
+             props.level = "territory";
+           } else {
+             props.level = "subterritory";
            }
+         }
 
+         function loadGroupGroups(feature2) {
+           var props = feature2.properties;
+           if (feature2.geometry || !props.members) return;
+           var featureLevelIndex = levels.indexOf(props.level);
+           var sharedGroups = [];
 
-           var drag = behaviorDrag()
-               .selector('.layer-touch.points .target')
-               .surface(context.container().select('.main-map').node())
-               .origin(origin)
-               .on('start', start)
-               .on('move', move)
-               .on('end', end);
-
-
-           mode.enter = function() {
-               context.install(hover);
-               context.install(edit);
-
-               select(window)
-                   .on('keydown.dragNode', keydown)
-                   .on('keyup.dragNode', keyup);
-
-               context.history()
-                   .on('undone.drag-node', cancel);
-           };
-
-
-           mode.exit = function() {
-               context.ui().sidebar.hover.cancel();
-               context.uninstall(hover);
-               context.uninstall(edit);
-
-               select(window)
-                   .on('keydown.dragNode', null)
-                   .on('keyup.dragNode', null);
-
-               context.history()
-                   .on('undone.drag-node', null);
-
-               _activeEntity = null;
-
-               context.surface()
-                   .classed('nope', false)
-                   .classed('nope-suppressed', false)
-                   .classed('nope-disabled', false)
-                   .selectAll('.active')
-                   .classed('active', false);
-
-               stopNudge();
-           };
-
-
-           mode.selectedIDs = function() {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _activeEntity ? [_activeEntity.id] : [];
-               // no assign
-               return mode;
-           };
-
-
-           mode.activeID = function() {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _activeEntity && _activeEntity.id;
-               // no assign
-               return mode;
-           };
-
+           var _loop = function _loop(_i4) {
+             var memberID = props.members[_i4];
+             var member = featuresByCode[memberID];
+             var memberGroups = member.properties.groups.filter(function (groupID) {
+               return groupID !== feature2.properties.id && featureLevelIndex < levels.indexOf(featuresByCode[groupID].properties.level);
+             });
 
-           mode.restoreSelectedIDs = function(_) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _restoreSelectedIDs;
-               _restoreSelectedIDs = _;
-               return mode;
+             if (_i4 === "0") {
+               sharedGroups = memberGroups;
+             } else {
+               sharedGroups = sharedGroups.filter(function (groupID) {
+                 return memberGroups.indexOf(groupID) !== -1;
+               });
+             }
            };
 
-
-           mode.behavior = drag;
-
-
-           return mode;
-       }
-
-       function quickselect(arr, k, left, right, compare) {
-           quickselectStep(arr, k, left || 0, right || (arr.length - 1), compare || defaultCompare);
-       }
-
-       function quickselectStep(arr, k, left, right, compare) {
-
-           while (right > left) {
-               if (right - left > 600) {
-                   var n = right - left + 1;
-                   var m = k - left + 1;
-                   var z = Math.log(n);
-                   var s = 0.5 * Math.exp(2 * z / 3);
-                   var sd = 0.5 * Math.sqrt(z * s * (n - s) / n) * (m - n / 2 < 0 ? -1 : 1);
-                   var newLeft = Math.max(left, Math.floor(k - m * s / n + sd));
-                   var newRight = Math.min(right, Math.floor(k + (n - m) * s / n + sd));
-                   quickselectStep(arr, k, newLeft, newRight, compare);
-               }
-
-               var t = arr[k];
-               var i = left;
-               var j = right;
-
-               swap(arr, left, k);
-               if (compare(arr[right], t) > 0) swap(arr, left, right);
-
-               while (i < j) {
-                   swap(arr, i, j);
-                   i++;
-                   j--;
-                   while (compare(arr[i], t) < 0) i++;
-                   while (compare(arr[j], t) > 0) j--;
-               }
-
-               if (compare(arr[left], t) === 0) swap(arr, left, j);
-               else {
-                   j++;
-                   swap(arr, j, right);
-               }
-
-               if (j <= k) left = j + 1;
-               if (k <= j) right = j - 1;
-           }
-       }
-
-       function swap(arr, i, j) {
-           var tmp = arr[i];
-           arr[i] = arr[j];
-           arr[j] = tmp;
-       }
-
-       function defaultCompare(a, b) {
-           return a < b ? -1 : a > b ? 1 : 0;
-       }
-
-       class RBush {
-           constructor(maxEntries = 9) {
-               // max entries in a node is 9 by default; min node fill is 40% for best performance
-               this._maxEntries = Math.max(4, maxEntries);
-               this._minEntries = Math.max(2, Math.ceil(this._maxEntries * 0.4));
-               this.clear();
-           }
-
-           all() {
-               return this._all(this.data, []);
-           }
-
-           search(bbox) {
-               let node = this.data;
-               const result = [];
-
-               if (!intersects(bbox, node)) return result;
-
-               const toBBox = this.toBBox;
-               const nodesToSearch = [];
-
-               while (node) {
-                   for (let i = 0; i < node.children.length; i++) {
-                       const child = node.children[i];
-                       const childBBox = node.leaf ? toBBox(child) : child;
-
-                       if (intersects(bbox, childBBox)) {
-                           if (node.leaf) result.push(child);
-                           else if (contains$1(bbox, childBBox)) this._all(child, result);
-                           else nodesToSearch.push(child);
-                       }
-                   }
-                   node = nodesToSearch.pop();
-               }
-
-               return result;
-           }
-
-           collides(bbox) {
-               let node = this.data;
-
-               if (!intersects(bbox, node)) return false;
-
-               const nodesToSearch = [];
-               while (node) {
-                   for (let i = 0; i < node.children.length; i++) {
-                       const child = node.children[i];
-                       const childBBox = node.leaf ? this.toBBox(child) : child;
-
-                       if (intersects(bbox, childBBox)) {
-                           if (node.leaf || contains$1(bbox, childBBox)) return true;
-                           nodesToSearch.push(child);
-                       }
-                   }
-                   node = nodesToSearch.pop();
-               }
-
-               return false;
-           }
-
-           load(data) {
-               if (!(data && data.length)) return this;
-
-               if (data.length < this._minEntries) {
-                   for (let i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
-                       this.insert(data[i]);
-                   }
-                   return this;
-               }
-
-               // recursively build the tree with the given data from scratch using OMT algorithm
-               let node = this._build(data.slice(), 0, data.length - 1, 0);
-
-               if (!this.data.children.length) {
-                   // save as is if tree is empty
-                   this.data = node;
-
-               } else if (this.data.height === node.height) {
-                   // split root if trees have the same height
-                   this._splitRoot(this.data, node);
-
-               } else {
-                   if (this.data.height < node.height) {
-                       // swap trees if inserted one is bigger
-                       const tmpNode = this.data;
-                       this.data = node;
-                       node = tmpNode;
-                   }
-
-                   // insert the small tree into the large tree at appropriate level
-                   this._insert(node, this.data.height - node.height - 1, true);
-               }
-
-               return this;
-           }
-
-           insert(item) {
-               if (item) this._insert(item, this.data.height - 1);
-               return this;
-           }
-
-           clear() {
-               this.data = createNode([]);
-               return this;
-           }
-
-           remove(item, equalsFn) {
-               if (!item) return this;
-
-               let node = this.data;
-               const bbox = this.toBBox(item);
-               const path = [];
-               const indexes = [];
-               let i, parent, goingUp;
-
-               // depth-first iterative tree traversal
-               while (node || path.length) {
-
-                   if (!node) { // go up
-                       node = path.pop();
-                       parent = path[path.length - 1];
-                       i = indexes.pop();
-                       goingUp = true;
-                   }
-
-                   if (node.leaf) { // check current node
-                       const index = findItem(item, node.children, equalsFn);
-
-                       if (index !== -1) {
-                           // item found, remove the item and condense tree upwards
-                           node.children.splice(index, 1);
-                           path.push(node);
-                           this._condense(path);
-                           return this;
-                       }
-                   }
-
-                   if (!goingUp && !node.leaf && contains$1(node, bbox)) { // go down
-                       path.push(node);
-                       indexes.push(i);
-                       i = 0;
-                       parent = node;
-                       node = node.children[0];
-
-                   } else if (parent) { // go right
-                       i++;
-                       node = parent.children[i];
-                       goingUp = false;
-
-                   } else node = null; // nothing found
-               }
-
-               return this;
-           }
-
-           toBBox(item) { return item; }
-
-           compareMinX(a, b) { return a.minX - b.minX; }
-           compareMinY(a, b) { return a.minY - b.minY; }
-
-           toJSON() { return this.data; }
-
-           fromJSON(data) {
-               this.data = data;
-               return this;
-           }
-
-           _all(node, result) {
-               const nodesToSearch = [];
-               while (node) {
-                   if (node.leaf) result.push(...node.children);
-                   else nodesToSearch.push(...node.children);
-
-                   node = nodesToSearch.pop();
-               }
-               return result;
-           }
-
-           _build(items, left, right, height) {
-
-               const N = right - left + 1;
-               let M = this._maxEntries;
-               let node;
-
-               if (N <= M) {
-                   // reached leaf level; return leaf
-                   node = createNode(items.slice(left, right + 1));
-                   calcBBox(node, this.toBBox);
-                   return node;
-               }
-
-               if (!height) {
-                   // target height of the bulk-loaded tree
-                   height = Math.ceil(Math.log(N) / Math.log(M));
-
-                   // target number of root entries to maximize storage utilization
-                   M = Math.ceil(N / Math.pow(M, height - 1));
-               }
-
-               node = createNode([]);
-               node.leaf = false;
-               node.height = height;
-
-               // split the items into M mostly square tiles
-
-               const N2 = Math.ceil(N / M);
-               const N1 = N2 * Math.ceil(Math.sqrt(M));
-
-               multiSelect(items, left, right, N1, this.compareMinX);
-
-               for (let i = left; i <= right; i += N1) {
-
-                   const right2 = Math.min(i + N1 - 1, right);
-
-                   multiSelect(items, i, right2, N2, this.compareMinY);
-
-                   for (let j = i; j <= right2; j += N2) {
-
-                       const right3 = Math.min(j + N2 - 1, right2);
-
-                       // pack each entry recursively
-                       node.children.push(this._build(items, j, right3, height - 1));
-                   }
-               }
-
-               calcBBox(node, this.toBBox);
-
-               return node;
+           for (var _i4 in props.members) {
+             _loop(_i4);
            }
 
-           _chooseSubtree(bbox, node, level, path) {
-               while (true) {
-                   path.push(node);
-
-                   if (node.leaf || path.length - 1 === level) break;
-
-                   let minArea = Infinity;
-                   let minEnlargement = Infinity;
-                   let targetNode;
-
-                   for (let i = 0; i < node.children.length; i++) {
-                       const child = node.children[i];
-                       const area = bboxArea(child);
-                       const enlargement = enlargedArea(bbox, child) - area;
-
-                       // choose entry with the least area enlargement
-                       if (enlargement < minEnlargement) {
-                           minEnlargement = enlargement;
-                           minArea = area < minArea ? area : minArea;
-                           targetNode = child;
+           props.groups = props.groups.concat(sharedGroups.filter(function (groupID) {
+             return props.groups.indexOf(groupID) === -1;
+           }));
 
-                       } else if (enlargement === minEnlargement) {
-                           // otherwise choose one with the smallest area
-                           if (area < minArea) {
-                               minArea = area;
-                               targetNode = child;
-                           }
-                       }
-                   }
-
-                   node = targetNode || node.children[0];
-               }
+           for (var j in sharedGroups) {
+             var groupFeature = featuresByCode[sharedGroups[j]];
 
-               return node;
+             if (groupFeature.properties.members.indexOf(props.id) === -1) {
+               groupFeature.properties.members.push(props.id);
+             }
            }
+         }
 
-           _insert(item, level, isNode) {
-               const bbox = isNode ? item : this.toBBox(item);
-               const insertPath = [];
-
-               // find the best node for accommodating the item, saving all nodes along the path too
-               const node = this._chooseSubtree(bbox, this.data, level, insertPath);
-
-               // put the item into the node
-               node.children.push(item);
-               extend$1(node, bbox);
-
-               // split on node overflow; propagate upwards if necessary
-               while (level >= 0) {
-                   if (insertPath[level].children.length > this._maxEntries) {
-                       this._split(insertPath, level);
-                       level--;
-                   } else break;
-               }
+         function loadRoadSpeedUnit(feature2) {
+           var props = feature2.properties;
 
-               // adjust bboxes along the insertion path
-               this._adjustParentBBoxes(bbox, insertPath, level);
+           if (feature2.geometry) {
+             if (!props.roadSpeedUnit) props.roadSpeedUnit = "km/h";
+           } else if (props.members) {
+             var vals = Array.from(new Set(props.members.map(function (id) {
+               var member = featuresByCode[id];
+               if (member.geometry) return member.properties.roadSpeedUnit || "km/h";
+             }).filter(Boolean)));
+             if (vals.length === 1) props.roadSpeedUnit = vals[0];
            }
+         }
 
-           // split overflowed node into two
-           _split(insertPath, level) {
-               const node = insertPath[level];
-               const M = node.children.length;
-               const m = this._minEntries;
-
-               this._chooseSplitAxis(node, m, M);
-
-               const splitIndex = this._chooseSplitIndex(node, m, M);
-
-               const newNode = createNode(node.children.splice(splitIndex, node.children.length - splitIndex));
-               newNode.height = node.height;
-               newNode.leaf = node.leaf;
-
-               calcBBox(node, this.toBBox);
-               calcBBox(newNode, this.toBBox);
-
-               if (level) insertPath[level - 1].children.push(newNode);
-               else this._splitRoot(node, newNode);
-           }
+         function loadRoadHeightUnit(feature2) {
+           var props = feature2.properties;
 
-           _splitRoot(node, newNode) {
-               // split root node
-               this.data = createNode([node, newNode]);
-               this.data.height = node.height + 1;
-               this.data.leaf = false;
-               calcBBox(this.data, this.toBBox);
+           if (feature2.geometry) {
+             if (!props.roadHeightUnit) props.roadHeightUnit = "m";
+           } else if (props.members) {
+             var vals = Array.from(new Set(props.members.map(function (id) {
+               var member = featuresByCode[id];
+               if (member.geometry) return member.properties.roadHeightUnit || "m";
+             }).filter(Boolean)));
+             if (vals.length === 1) props.roadHeightUnit = vals[0];
            }
+         }
 
-           _chooseSplitIndex(node, m, M) {
-               let index;
-               let minOverlap = Infinity;
-               let minArea = Infinity;
-
-               for (let i = m; i <= M - m; i++) {
-                   const bbox1 = distBBox(node, 0, i, this.toBBox);
-                   const bbox2 = distBBox(node, i, M, this.toBBox);
-
-                   const overlap = intersectionArea(bbox1, bbox2);
-                   const area = bboxArea(bbox1) + bboxArea(bbox2);
-
-                   // choose distribution with minimum overlap
-                   if (overlap < minOverlap) {
-                       minOverlap = overlap;
-                       index = i;
-
-                       minArea = area < minArea ? area : minArea;
-
-                   } else if (overlap === minOverlap) {
-                       // otherwise choose distribution with minimum area
-                       if (area < minArea) {
-                           minArea = area;
-                           index = i;
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
+         function loadDriveSide(feature2) {
+           var props = feature2.properties;
 
-               return index || M - m;
+           if (feature2.geometry) {
+             if (!props.driveSide) props.driveSide = "right";
+           } else if (props.members) {
+             var vals = Array.from(new Set(props.members.map(function (id) {
+               var member = featuresByCode[id];
+               if (member.geometry) return member.properties.driveSide || "right";
+             }).filter(Boolean)));
+             if (vals.length === 1) props.driveSide = vals[0];
            }
+         }
 
-           // sorts node children by the best axis for split
-           _chooseSplitAxis(node, m, M) {
-               const compareMinX = node.leaf ? this.compareMinX : compareNodeMinX;
-               const compareMinY = node.leaf ? this.compareMinY : compareNodeMinY;
-               const xMargin = this._allDistMargin(node, m, M, compareMinX);
-               const yMargin = this._allDistMargin(node, m, M, compareMinY);
+         function loadCallingCodes(feature2) {
+           var props = feature2.properties;
 
-               // if total distributions margin value is minimal for x, sort by minX,
-               // otherwise it's already sorted by minY
-               if (xMargin < yMargin) node.children.sort(compareMinX);
+           if (!feature2.geometry && props.members) {
+             props.callingCodes = Array.from(new Set(props.members.reduce(function (array, id) {
+               var member = featuresByCode[id];
+               if (member.geometry && member.properties.callingCodes) return array.concat(member.properties.callingCodes);
+               return array;
+             }, [])));
            }
+         }
 
-           // total margin of all possible split distributions where each node is at least m full
-           _allDistMargin(node, m, M, compare) {
-               node.children.sort(compare);
-
-               const toBBox = this.toBBox;
-               const leftBBox = distBBox(node, 0, m, toBBox);
-               const rightBBox = distBBox(node, M - m, M, toBBox);
-               let margin = bboxMargin(leftBBox) + bboxMargin(rightBBox);
-
-               for (let i = m; i < M - m; i++) {
-                   const child = node.children[i];
-                   extend$1(leftBBox, node.leaf ? toBBox(child) : child);
-                   margin += bboxMargin(leftBBox);
-               }
-
-               for (let i = M - m - 1; i >= m; i--) {
-                   const child = node.children[i];
-                   extend$1(rightBBox, node.leaf ? toBBox(child) : child);
-                   margin += bboxMargin(rightBBox);
-               }
-
-               return margin;
-           }
+         function loadFlag(feature2) {
+           if (!feature2.properties.iso1A2) return;
+           var flag = feature2.properties.iso1A2.replace(/./g, function (_char) {
+             return String.fromCodePoint(_char.charCodeAt(0) + 127397);
+           });
+           feature2.properties.emojiFlag = flag;
+         }
 
-           _adjustParentBBoxes(bbox, path, level) {
-               // adjust bboxes along the given tree path
-               for (let i = level; i >= 0; i--) {
-                   extend$1(path[i], bbox);
-               }
+         function loadMembersForGroupsOf(feature2) {
+           for (var j in feature2.properties.groups) {
+             var groupID = feature2.properties.groups[j];
+             var groupFeature = featuresByCode[groupID];
+             if (!groupFeature.properties.members) groupFeature.properties.members = [];
+             groupFeature.properties.members.push(feature2.properties.id);
            }
+         }
 
-           _condense(path) {
-               // go through the path, removing empty nodes and updating bboxes
-               for (let i = path.length - 1, siblings; i >= 0; i--) {
-                   if (path[i].children.length === 0) {
-                       if (i > 0) {
-                           siblings = path[i - 1].children;
-                           siblings.splice(siblings.indexOf(path[i]), 1);
-
-                       } else this.clear();
+         function cacheFeatureByIDs(feature2) {
+           var ids = [];
 
-                   } else calcBBox(path[i], this.toBBox);
-               }
+           for (var k in identifierProps) {
+             var prop = identifierProps[k];
+             var id = feature2.properties[prop];
+             if (id) ids.push(id);
            }
-       }
-
-       function findItem(item, items, equalsFn) {
-           if (!equalsFn) return items.indexOf(item);
 
-           for (let i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {
-               if (equalsFn(item, items[i])) return i;
+           if (feature2.properties.aliases) {
+             for (var j in feature2.properties.aliases) {
+               ids.push(feature2.properties.aliases[j]);
+             }
            }
-           return -1;
-       }
-
-       // calculate node's bbox from bboxes of its children
-       function calcBBox(node, toBBox) {
-           distBBox(node, 0, node.children.length, toBBox, node);
-       }
 
-       // min bounding rectangle of node children from k to p-1
-       function distBBox(node, k, p, toBBox, destNode) {
-           if (!destNode) destNode = createNode(null);
-           destNode.minX = Infinity;
-           destNode.minY = Infinity;
-           destNode.maxX = -Infinity;
-           destNode.maxY = -Infinity;
+           for (var _i5 in ids) {
+             var _id = canonicalID(ids[_i5]);
 
-           for (let i = k; i < p; i++) {
-               const child = node.children[i];
-               extend$1(destNode, node.leaf ? toBBox(child) : child);
+             featuresByCode[_id] = feature2;
            }
-
-           return destNode;
-       }
-
-       function extend$1(a, b) {
-           a.minX = Math.min(a.minX, b.minX);
-           a.minY = Math.min(a.minY, b.minY);
-           a.maxX = Math.max(a.maxX, b.maxX);
-           a.maxY = Math.max(a.maxY, b.maxY);
-           return a;
-       }
-
-       function compareNodeMinX(a, b) { return a.minX - b.minX; }
-       function compareNodeMinY(a, b) { return a.minY - b.minY; }
-
-       function bboxArea(a)   { return (a.maxX - a.minX) * (a.maxY - a.minY); }
-       function bboxMargin(a) { return (a.maxX - a.minX) + (a.maxY - a.minY); }
-
-       function enlargedArea(a, b) {
-           return (Math.max(b.maxX, a.maxX) - Math.min(b.minX, a.minX)) *
-                  (Math.max(b.maxY, a.maxY) - Math.min(b.minY, a.minY));
+         }
        }
 
-       function intersectionArea(a, b) {
-           const minX = Math.max(a.minX, b.minX);
-           const minY = Math.max(a.minY, b.minY);
-           const maxX = Math.min(a.maxX, b.maxX);
-           const maxY = Math.min(a.maxY, b.maxY);
-
-           return Math.max(0, maxX - minX) *
-                  Math.max(0, maxY - minY);
-       }
+       function locArray(loc) {
+         if (Array.isArray(loc)) {
+           return loc;
+         } else if (loc.coordinates) {
+           return loc.coordinates;
+         }
 
-       function contains$1(a, b) {
-           return a.minX <= b.minX &&
-                  a.minY <= b.minY &&
-                  b.maxX <= a.maxX &&
-                  b.maxY <= a.maxY;
+         return loc.geometry.coordinates;
        }
 
-       function intersects(a, b) {
-           return b.minX <= a.maxX &&
-                  b.minY <= a.maxY &&
-                  b.maxX >= a.minX &&
-                  b.maxY >= a.minY;
+       function smallestFeature(loc) {
+         var query = locArray(loc);
+         var featureProperties = whichPolygonGetter(query);
+         if (!featureProperties) return null;
+         return featuresByCode[featureProperties.id];
        }
 
-       function createNode(children) {
-           return {
-               children,
-               height: 1,
-               leaf: true,
-               minX: Infinity,
-               minY: Infinity,
-               maxX: -Infinity,
-               maxY: -Infinity
-           };
+       function countryFeature(loc) {
+         var feature2 = smallestFeature(loc);
+         if (!feature2) return null;
+         var countryCode = feature2.properties.country || feature2.properties.iso1A2;
+         return featuresByCode[countryCode] || null;
        }
 
-       // sort an array so that items come in groups of n unsorted items, with groups sorted between each other;
-       // combines selection algorithm with binary divide & conquer approach
+       var defaultOpts = {
+         level: void 0,
+         maxLevel: void 0,
+         withProp: void 0
+       };
 
-       function multiSelect(arr, left, right, n, compare) {
-           const stack = [left, right];
+       function featureForLoc(loc, opts) {
+         var targetLevel = opts.level || "country";
+         var maxLevel = opts.maxLevel || "world";
+         var withProp = opts.withProp;
+         var targetLevelIndex = levels.indexOf(targetLevel);
+         if (targetLevelIndex === -1) return null;
+         var maxLevelIndex = levels.indexOf(maxLevel);
+         if (maxLevelIndex === -1) return null;
+         if (maxLevelIndex < targetLevelIndex) return null;
 
-           while (stack.length) {
-               right = stack.pop();
-               left = stack.pop();
+         if (targetLevel === "country") {
+           var fastFeature = countryFeature(loc);
 
-               if (right - left <= n) continue;
+           if (fastFeature) {
+             if (!withProp || fastFeature.properties[withProp]) {
+               return fastFeature;
+             }
+           }
+         }
 
-               const mid = left + Math.ceil((right - left) / n / 2) * n;
-               quickselect(arr, mid, left, right, compare);
+         var features2 = featuresContaining(loc);
 
-               stack.push(left, mid, mid, right);
-           }
-       }
+         for (var i in features2) {
+           var feature2 = features2[i];
+           var levelIndex = levels.indexOf(feature2.properties.level);
 
-       const tiler = utilTiler();
-       const dispatch$1 = dispatch('loaded');
-       const _tileZoom = 14;
-       const _krUrlRoot = 'https://www.keepright.at';
-       let _krData = { errorTypes: {}, localizeStrings: {} };
+           if (feature2.properties.level === targetLevel || levelIndex > targetLevelIndex && levelIndex <= maxLevelIndex) {
+             if (!withProp || feature2.properties[withProp]) {
+               return feature2;
+             }
+           }
+         }
 
-       // This gets reassigned if reset
-       let _cache;
+         return null;
+       }
 
-       const _krRuleset = [
-         // no 20 - multiple node on same spot - these are mostly boundaries overlapping roads
-         30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 150, 160, 170, 180,
-         190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198,
-         200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 210, 220,
-         230, 231, 232, 270, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285,
-         290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 300, 310, 311, 312, 313,
-         320, 350, 360, 370, 380, 390, 400, 401, 402, 410, 411, 412, 413
-       ];
+       function featureForID(id) {
+         var stringID;
 
+         if (typeof id === "number") {
+           stringID = id.toString();
 
-       function abortRequest(controller) {
-         if (controller) {
-           controller.abort();
+           if (stringID.length === 1) {
+             stringID = "00" + stringID;
+           } else if (stringID.length === 2) {
+             stringID = "0" + stringID;
+           }
+         } else {
+           stringID = canonicalID(id);
          }
+
+         return featuresByCode[stringID] || null;
        }
 
-       function abortUnwantedRequests(cache, tiles) {
-         Object.keys(cache.inflightTile).forEach(k => {
-           const wanted = tiles.find(tile => k === tile.id);
-           if (!wanted) {
-             abortRequest(cache.inflightTile[k]);
-             delete cache.inflightTile[k];
-           }
+       function smallestFeaturesForBbox(bbox) {
+         return whichPolygonGetter.bbox(bbox).map(function (props) {
+           return featuresByCode[props.id];
          });
        }
 
+       function smallestOrMatchingFeature(query) {
+         if (_typeof(query) === "object") {
+           return smallestFeature(query);
+         }
 
-       function encodeIssueRtree(d) {
-         return { minX: d.loc[0], minY: d.loc[1], maxX: d.loc[0], maxY: d.loc[1], data: d };
+         return featureForID(query);
        }
 
+       function feature$1(query) {
+         var opts = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : defaultOpts;
 
-       // Replace or remove QAItem from rtree
-       function updateRtree(item, replace) {
-         _cache.rtree.remove(item, (a, b) => a.data.id === b.data.id);
-
-         if (replace) {
-           _cache.rtree.insert(item);
+         if (_typeof(query) === "object") {
+           return featureForLoc(query, opts);
          }
-       }
 
+         return featureForID(query);
+       }
 
-       function tokenReplacements(d) {
-         if (!(d instanceof QAItem)) return;
+       function iso1A2Code(query) {
+         var opts = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : defaultOpts;
+         opts.withProp = "iso1A2";
+         var match = feature$1(query, opts);
+         if (!match) return null;
+         return match.properties.iso1A2 || null;
+       }
 
-         const htmlRegex = new RegExp(/<\/[a-z][\s\S]*>/);
-         const replacements = {};
+       function featuresContaining(query, strict) {
+         var matchingFeatures;
 
-         const issueTemplate = _krData.errorTypes[d.whichType];
-         if (!issueTemplate) {
-           /* eslint-disable no-console */
-           console.log('No Template: ', d.whichType);
-           console.log('  ', d.description);
-           /* eslint-enable no-console */
-           return;
+         if (Array.isArray(query) && query.length === 4) {
+           matchingFeatures = smallestFeaturesForBbox(query);
+         } else {
+           var smallestOrMatching = smallestOrMatchingFeature(query);
+           matchingFeatures = smallestOrMatching ? [smallestOrMatching] : [];
          }
 
-         // some descriptions are just fixed text
-         if (!issueTemplate.regex) return;
+         if (!matchingFeatures.length) return [];
+         var returnFeatures;
 
-         // regex pattern should match description with variable details captured
-         const errorRegex = new RegExp(issueTemplate.regex, 'i');
-         const errorMatch = errorRegex.exec(d.description);
-         if (!errorMatch) {
-           /* eslint-disable no-console */
-           console.log('Unmatched: ', d.whichType);
-           console.log('  ', d.description);
-           console.log('  ', errorRegex);
-           /* eslint-enable no-console */
-           return;
+         if (!strict || _typeof(query) === "object") {
+           returnFeatures = matchingFeatures.slice();
+         } else {
+           returnFeatures = [];
          }
 
-         for (let i = 1; i < errorMatch.length; i++) {   // skip first
-           let capture = errorMatch[i];
-           let idType;
+         for (var j in matchingFeatures) {
+           var properties = matchingFeatures[j].properties;
 
-           idType = 'IDs' in issueTemplate ? issueTemplate.IDs[i-1] : '';
-           if (idType && capture) {   // link IDs if present in the capture
-             capture = parseError(capture, idType);
-           } else if (htmlRegex.test(capture)) {   // escape any html in non-IDs
-             capture = '\\' +  capture + '\\';
-           } else {
-             const compare = capture.toLowerCase();
-             if (_krData.localizeStrings[compare]) {   // some replacement strings can be localized
-               capture = _t('QA.keepRight.error_parts.' + _krData.localizeStrings[compare]);
+           for (var i in properties.groups) {
+             var groupID = properties.groups[i];
+             var groupFeature = featuresByCode[groupID];
+
+             if (returnFeatures.indexOf(groupFeature) === -1) {
+               returnFeatures.push(groupFeature);
              }
            }
-
-           replacements['var' + i] = capture;
          }
 
-         return replacements;
+         return returnFeatures;
        }
 
+       function featuresIn(id, strict) {
+         var feature2 = featureForID(id);
+         if (!feature2) return [];
+         var features2 = [];
 
-       function parseError(capture, idType) {
-         const compare = capture.toLowerCase();
-         if (_krData.localizeStrings[compare]) {   // some replacement strings can be localized
-           capture = _t('QA.keepRight.error_parts.' + _krData.localizeStrings[compare]);
+         if (!strict) {
+           features2.push(feature2);
          }
 
-         switch (idType) {
-           // link a string like "this node"
-           case 'this':
-             capture = linkErrorObject(capture);
-             break;
-
-           case 'url':
-             capture = linkURL(capture);
-             break;
-
-           // link an entity ID
-           case 'n':
-           case 'w':
-           case 'r':
-             capture = linkEntity(idType + capture);
-             break;
+         var properties = feature2.properties;
 
-           // some errors have more complex ID lists/variance
-           case '20':
-             capture = parse20(capture);
-             break;
-           case '211':
-             capture = parse211(capture);
-             break;
-           case '231':
-             capture = parse231(capture);
-             break;
-           case '294':
-             capture = parse294(capture);
-             break;
-           case '370':
-             capture = parse370(capture);
-             break;
+         if (properties.members) {
+           for (var i in properties.members) {
+             var memberID = properties.members[i];
+             features2.push(featuresByCode[memberID]);
+           }
          }
 
-         return capture;
+         return features2;
+       }
 
+       function aggregateFeature(id) {
+         var features2 = featuresIn(id, false);
+         if (features2.length === 0) return null;
+         var aggregateCoordinates = [];
 
-         function linkErrorObject(d) {
-           return `<a class="error_object_link">${d}</a>`;
-         }
+         for (var i in features2) {
+           var feature2 = features2[i];
 
-         function linkEntity(d) {
-           return `<a class="error_entity_link">${d}</a>`;
+           if (feature2.geometry && feature2.geometry.type === "MultiPolygon" && feature2.geometry.coordinates) {
+             aggregateCoordinates = aggregateCoordinates.concat(feature2.geometry.coordinates);
+           }
          }
 
-         function linkURL(d) {
-           return `<a class="kr_external_link" target="_blank" href="${d}">${d}</a>`;
-         }
+         return {
+           type: "Feature",
+           properties: features2[0].properties,
+           geometry: {
+             type: "MultiPolygon",
+             coordinates: aggregateCoordinates
+           }
+         };
+       }
 
-         // arbitrary node list of form: #ID, #ID, #ID...
-         function parse211(capture) {
-           let newList = [];
-           const items = capture.split(', ');
+       function roadSpeedUnit(query) {
+         var feature2 = smallestOrMatchingFeature(query);
+         return feature2 && feature2.properties.roadSpeedUnit || null;
+       }
 
-           items.forEach(item => {
-             // ID has # at the front
-             let id = linkEntity('n' + item.slice(1));
-             newList.push(id);
-           });
+       var RADIUS = 6378137;
+       var FLATTENING = 1 / 298.257223563;
+       var POLAR_RADIUS = 6356752.3142;
+       var wgs84 = {
+         RADIUS: RADIUS,
+         FLATTENING: FLATTENING,
+         POLAR_RADIUS: POLAR_RADIUS
+       };
 
-           return newList.join(', ');
-         }
+       var geometry_1 = geometry;
+       var ring = ringArea;
 
-         // arbitrary way list of form: #ID(layer),#ID(layer),#ID(layer)...
-         function parse231(capture) {
-           let newList = [];
-           // unfortunately 'layer' can itself contain commas, so we split on '),'
-           const items = capture.split('),');
+       function geometry(_) {
+         var area = 0,
+             i;
 
-           items.forEach(item => {
-             const match = item.match(/\#(\d+)\((.+)\)?/);
-             if (match !== null && match.length > 2) {
-               newList.push(linkEntity('w' + match[1]) + ' ' +
-                 _t('QA.keepRight.errorTypes.231.layer', { layer: match[2] })
-               );
-             }
-           });
+         switch (_.type) {
+           case 'Polygon':
+             return polygonArea(_.coordinates);
 
-           return newList.join(', ');
-         }
+           case 'MultiPolygon':
+             for (i = 0; i < _.coordinates.length; i++) {
+               area += polygonArea(_.coordinates[i]);
+             }
 
-         // arbitrary node/relation list of form: from node #ID,to relation #ID,to node #ID...
-         function parse294(capture) {
-           let newList = [];
-           const items = capture.split(',');
+             return area;
 
-           items.forEach(item => {
-             // item of form "from/to node/relation #ID"
-             item = item.split(' ');
+           case 'Point':
+           case 'MultiPoint':
+           case 'LineString':
+           case 'MultiLineString':
+             return 0;
 
-             // to/from role is more clear in quotes
-             const role = `"${item[0]}"`;
+           case 'GeometryCollection':
+             for (i = 0; i < _.geometries.length; i++) {
+               area += geometry(_.geometries[i]);
+             }
 
-             // first letter of node/relation provides the type
-             const idType = item[1].slice(0,1);
+             return area;
+         }
+       }
 
-             // ID has # at the front
-             let id = item[2].slice(1);
-             id = linkEntity(idType + id);
+       function polygonArea(coords) {
+         var area = 0;
 
-             newList.push(`${role} ${item[1]} ${id}`);
-           });
+         if (coords && coords.length > 0) {
+           area += Math.abs(ringArea(coords[0]));
 
-           return newList.join(', ');
+           for (var i = 1; i < coords.length; i++) {
+             area -= Math.abs(ringArea(coords[i]));
+           }
          }
 
-         // may or may not include the string "(including the name 'name')"
-         function parse370(capture) {
-           if (!capture) return '';
+         return area;
+       }
+       /**
+        * Calculate the approximate area of the polygon were it projected onto
+        *     the earth.  Note that this area will be positive if ring is oriented
+        *     clockwise, otherwise it will be negative.
+        *
+        * Reference:
+        * Robert. G. Chamberlain and William H. Duquette, "Some Algorithms for
+        *     Polygons on a Sphere", JPL Publication 07-03, Jet Propulsion
+        *     Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, June 2007 http://trs-new.jpl.nasa.gov/dspace/handle/2014/40409
+        *
+        * Returns:
+        * {float} The approximate signed geodesic area of the polygon in square
+        *     meters.
+        */
 
-           const match = capture.match(/\(including the name (\'.+\')\)/);
-           if (match && match.length) {
-             return _t('QA.keepRight.errorTypes.370.including_the_name', { name: match[1] });
-           }
-           return '';
-         }
 
-         // arbitrary node list of form: #ID,#ID,#ID...
-         function parse20(capture) {
-           let newList = [];
-           const items = capture.split(',');
+       function ringArea(coords) {
+         var p1,
+             p2,
+             p3,
+             lowerIndex,
+             middleIndex,
+             upperIndex,
+             i,
+             area = 0,
+             coordsLength = coords.length;
+
+         if (coordsLength > 2) {
+           for (i = 0; i < coordsLength; i++) {
+             if (i === coordsLength - 2) {
+               // i = N-2
+               lowerIndex = coordsLength - 2;
+               middleIndex = coordsLength - 1;
+               upperIndex = 0;
+             } else if (i === coordsLength - 1) {
+               // i = N-1
+               lowerIndex = coordsLength - 1;
+               middleIndex = 0;
+               upperIndex = 1;
+             } else {
+               // i = 0 to N-3
+               lowerIndex = i;
+               middleIndex = i + 1;
+               upperIndex = i + 2;
+             }
 
-           items.forEach(item => {
-             // ID has # at the front
-             const id = linkEntity('n' + item.slice(1));
-             newList.push(id);
-           });
+             p1 = coords[lowerIndex];
+             p2 = coords[middleIndex];
+             p3 = coords[upperIndex];
+             area += (rad(p3[0]) - rad(p1[0])) * Math.sin(rad(p2[1]));
+           }
 
-           return newList.join(', ');
+           area = area * wgs84.RADIUS * wgs84.RADIUS / 2;
          }
+
+         return area;
        }
 
+       function rad(_) {
+         return _ * Math.PI / 180;
+       }
 
-       var serviceKeepRight = {
-         title: 'keepRight',
+       var geojsonArea = {
+         geometry: geometry_1,
+         ring: ring
+       };
 
-         init() {
-           _mainFileFetcher.get('keepRight')
-             .then(d => _krData = d);
+       var $includes = arrayIncludes.includes;
 
-           if (!_cache) {
-             this.reset();
-           }
 
-           this.event = utilRebind(this, dispatch$1, 'on');
-         },
+       // `Array.prototype.includes` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-array.prototype.includes
+       _export({ target: 'Array', proto: true }, {
+         includes: function includes(el /* , fromIndex = 0 */) {
+           return $includes(this, el, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);
+         }
+       });
 
-         reset() {
-           if (_cache) {
-             Object.values(_cache.inflightTile).forEach(abortRequest);
-           }
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-array.prototype-@@unscopables
+       addToUnscopables('includes');
 
-           _cache = {
-             data: {},
-             loadedTile: {},
-             inflightTile: {},
-             inflightPost: {},
-             closed: {},
-             rtree: new RBush()
-           };
-         },
+       var validateCenter_1$1 = function validateCenter(center) {
+         var validCenterLengths = [2, 3];
 
+         if (!Array.isArray(center) || !validCenterLengths.includes(center.length)) {
+           throw new Error("ERROR! Center has to be an array of length two or three");
+         }
 
-         // KeepRight API:  http://osm.mueschelsoft.de/keepright/interfacing.php
-         loadIssues(projection) {
-           const options = {
-             format: 'geojson',
-             ch: _krRuleset
-           };
+         var _center = _slicedToArray(center, 2),
+             lng = _center[0],
+             lat = _center[1];
 
-           // determine the needed tiles to cover the view
-           const tiles = tiler
-             .zoomExtent([_tileZoom, _tileZoom])
-             .getTiles(projection);
+         if (typeof lng !== "number" || typeof lat !== "number") {
+           throw new Error("ERROR! Longitude and Latitude has to be numbers but where ".concat(_typeof(lng), " and ").concat(_typeof(lat)));
+         }
 
-           // abort inflight requests that are no longer needed
-           abortUnwantedRequests(_cache, tiles);
+         if (lng > 180 || lng < -180) {
+           throw new Error("ERROR! Longitude has to be between -180 and 180 but was ".concat(lng));
+         }
 
-           // issue new requests..
-           tiles.forEach(tile => {
-             if (_cache.loadedTile[tile.id] || _cache.inflightTile[tile.id]) return;
+         if (lat > 90 || lat < -90) {
+           throw new Error("ERROR! Latitude has to be between -90 and 90 but was ".concat(lat));
+         }
+       };
 
-             const [ left, top, right, bottom ] = tile.extent.rectangle();
-             const params = Object.assign({}, options, { left, bottom, right, top });
-             const url = `${_krUrlRoot}/export.php?` + utilQsString(params);
-             const controller = new AbortController();
+       var validateCenter$1 = {
+         validateCenter: validateCenter_1$1
+       };
 
-             _cache.inflightTile[tile.id] = controller;
+       var validateRadius_1$1 = function validateRadius(radius) {
+         if (typeof radius !== "number") {
+           throw new Error("ERROR! Radius has to be a positive number but was: ".concat(_typeof(radius)));
+         }
 
-             d3_json(url, { signal: controller.signal })
-               .then(data => {
-                 delete _cache.inflightTile[tile.id];
-                 _cache.loadedTile[tile.id] = true;
-                 if (!data || !data.features || !data.features.length) {
-                   throw new Error('No Data');
-                 }
+         if (radius <= 0) {
+           throw new Error("ERROR! Radius has to be a positive number but was: ".concat(radius));
+         }
+       };
 
-                 data.features.forEach(feature => {
-                   const {
-                     properties: {
-                       error_type: itemType,
-                       error_id: id,
-                       comment = null,
-                       object_id: objectId,
-                       object_type: objectType,
-                       schema,
-                       title
-                     }
-                   } = feature;
-                   let {
-                     geometry: { coordinates: loc },
-                     properties: { description = '' }
-                   } = feature;
-
-                   // if there is a parent, save its error type e.g.:
-                   //  Error 191 = "highway-highway"
-                   //  Error 190 = "intersections without junctions"  (parent)
-                   const issueTemplate = _krData.errorTypes[itemType];
-                   const parentIssueType = (Math.floor(itemType / 10) * 10).toString();
-
-                   // try to handle error type directly, fallback to parent error type.
-                   const whichType = issueTemplate ? itemType : parentIssueType;
-                   const whichTemplate = _krData.errorTypes[whichType];
-
-                   // Rewrite a few of the errors at this point..
-                   // This is done to make them easier to linkify and translate.
-                   switch (whichType) {
-                     case '170':
-                       description = `This feature has a FIXME tag: ${description}`;
-                       break;
-                     case '292':
-                     case '293':
-                       description = description.replace('A turn-', 'This turn-');
-                       break;
-                     case '294':
-                     case '295':
-                     case '296':
-                     case '297':
-                     case '298':
-                       description = `This turn-restriction~${description}`;
-                       break;
-                     case '300':
-                       description = 'This highway is missing a maxspeed tag';
-                       break;
-                     case '411':
-                     case '412':
-                     case '413':
-                       description = `This feature~${description}`;
-                       break;
-                   }
+       var validateRadius$1 = {
+         validateRadius: validateRadius_1$1
+       };
 
-                   // move markers slightly so it doesn't obscure the geometry,
-                   // then move markers away from other coincident markers
-                   let coincident = false;
-                   do {
-                     // first time, move marker up. after that, move marker right.
-                     let delta = coincident ? [0.00001, 0] : [0, 0.00001];
-                     loc = geoVecAdd(loc, delta);
-                     let bbox = geoExtent(loc).bbox();
-                     coincident = _cache.rtree.search(bbox).length;
-                   } while (coincident);
-
-                   let d = new QAItem(loc, this, itemType, id, {
-                     comment,
-                     description,
-                     whichType,
-                     parentIssueType,
-                     severity: whichTemplate.severity || 'error',
-                     objectId,
-                     objectType,
-                     schema,
-                     title
-                   });
+       var validateNumberOfEdges_1$1 = function validateNumberOfEdges(numberOfEdges) {
+         if (typeof numberOfEdges !== "number") {
+           var ARGUMENT_TYPE = Array.isArray(numberOfEdges) ? "array" : _typeof(numberOfEdges);
+           throw new Error("ERROR! Number of edges has to be a number but was: ".concat(ARGUMENT_TYPE));
+         }
 
-                   d.replacements = tokenReplacements(d);
+         if (numberOfEdges < 3) {
+           throw new Error("ERROR! Number of edges has to be at least 3 but was: ".concat(numberOfEdges));
+         }
+       };
 
-                   _cache.data[id] = d;
-                   _cache.rtree.insert(encodeIssueRtree(d));
-                 });
+       var validateNumberOfEdges$1 = {
+         validateNumberOfEdges: validateNumberOfEdges_1$1
+       };
 
-                 dispatch$1.call('loaded');
-               })
-               .catch(() => {
-                 delete _cache.inflightTile[tile.id];
-                 _cache.loadedTile[tile.id] = true;
-               });
+       var validateEarthRadius_1$1 = function validateEarthRadius(earthRadius) {
+         if (typeof earthRadius !== "number") {
+           var ARGUMENT_TYPE = Array.isArray(earthRadius) ? "array" : _typeof(earthRadius);
+           throw new Error("ERROR! Earth radius has to be a number but was: ".concat(ARGUMENT_TYPE));
+         }
 
-           });
-         },
+         if (earthRadius <= 0) {
+           throw new Error("ERROR! Earth radius has to be a positive number but was: ".concat(earthRadius));
+         }
+       };
 
+       var validateEarthRadius$1 = {
+         validateEarthRadius: validateEarthRadius_1$1
+       };
 
-         postUpdate(d, callback) {
-           if (_cache.inflightPost[d.id]) {
-             return callback({ message: 'Error update already inflight', status: -2 }, d);
-           }
+       var validateBearing_1$1 = function validateBearing(bearing) {
+         if (typeof bearing !== "number") {
+           var ARGUMENT_TYPE = Array.isArray(bearing) ? "array" : _typeof(bearing);
+           throw new Error("ERROR! Bearing has to be a number but was: ".concat(ARGUMENT_TYPE));
+         }
+       };
 
-           const params = { schema: d.schema, id: d.id };
+       var validateBearing$1 = {
+         validateBearing: validateBearing_1$1
+       };
 
-           if (d.newStatus) {
-             params.st = d.newStatus;
-           }
-           if (d.newComment !== undefined) {
-             params.co = d.newComment;
-           }
+       var validateCenter = validateCenter$1.validateCenter;
+       var validateRadius = validateRadius$1.validateRadius;
+       var validateNumberOfEdges = validateNumberOfEdges$1.validateNumberOfEdges;
+       var validateEarthRadius = validateEarthRadius$1.validateEarthRadius;
+       var validateBearing = validateBearing$1.validateBearing;
 
-           // NOTE: This throws a CORS err, but it seems successful.
-           // We don't care too much about the response, so this is fine.
-           const url = `${_krUrlRoot}/comment.php?` + utilQsString(params);
-           const controller = new AbortController();
+       function validateInput$1(_ref) {
+         var center = _ref.center,
+             radius = _ref.radius,
+             numberOfEdges = _ref.numberOfEdges,
+             earthRadius = _ref.earthRadius,
+             bearing = _ref.bearing;
+         validateCenter(center);
+         validateRadius(radius);
+         validateNumberOfEdges(numberOfEdges);
+         validateEarthRadius(earthRadius);
+         validateBearing(bearing);
+       }
 
-           _cache.inflightPost[d.id] = controller;
+       var validateCenter_1 = validateCenter;
+       var validateRadius_1 = validateRadius;
+       var validateNumberOfEdges_1 = validateNumberOfEdges;
+       var validateEarthRadius_1 = validateEarthRadius;
+       var validateBearing_1 = validateBearing;
+       var validateInput_1 = validateInput$1;
+       var inputValidation = {
+         validateCenter: validateCenter_1,
+         validateRadius: validateRadius_1,
+         validateNumberOfEdges: validateNumberOfEdges_1,
+         validateEarthRadius: validateEarthRadius_1,
+         validateBearing: validateBearing_1,
+         validateInput: validateInput_1
+       };
 
-           // Since this is expected to throw an error just continue as if it worked
-           // (worst case scenario the request truly fails and issue will show up if iD restarts)
-           d3_json(url, { signal: controller.signal })
-             .finally(() => {
-               delete _cache.inflightPost[d.id];
-
-               if (d.newStatus === 'ignore') {
-                 // ignore permanently (false positive)
-                 this.removeItem(d);
-               } else if (d.newStatus === 'ignore_t') {
-                 // ignore temporarily (error fixed)
-                 this.removeItem(d);
-                 _cache.closed[`${d.schema}:${d.id}`] = true;
-               } else {
-                 d = this.replaceItem(d.update({
-                   comment: d.newComment,
-                   newComment: undefined,
-                   newState: undefined
-                 }));
-               }
+       var validateInput = inputValidation.validateInput;
+       var defaultEarthRadius = 6378137; // equatorial Earth radius
 
-               if (callback) callback(null, d);
-             });
-         },
+       function toRadians(angleInDegrees) {
+         return angleInDegrees * Math.PI / 180;
+       }
 
-         // Get all cached QAItems covering the viewport
-         getItems(projection) {
-           const viewport = projection.clipExtent();
-           const min = [viewport[0][0], viewport[1][1]];
-           const max = [viewport[1][0], viewport[0][1]];
-           const bbox = geoExtent(projection.invert(min), projection.invert(max)).bbox();
+       function toDegrees(angleInRadians) {
+         return angleInRadians * 180 / Math.PI;
+       }
 
-           return _cache.rtree.search(bbox).map(d => d.data);
-         },
+       function offset(c1, distance, earthRadius, bearing) {
+         var lat1 = toRadians(c1[1]);
+         var lon1 = toRadians(c1[0]);
+         var dByR = distance / earthRadius;
+         var lat = Math.asin(Math.sin(lat1) * Math.cos(dByR) + Math.cos(lat1) * Math.sin(dByR) * Math.cos(bearing));
+         var lon = lon1 + Math.atan2(Math.sin(bearing) * Math.sin(dByR) * Math.cos(lat1), Math.cos(dByR) - Math.sin(lat1) * Math.sin(lat));
+         return [toDegrees(lon), toDegrees(lat)];
+       }
 
-         // Get a QAItem from cache
-         // NOTE: Don't change method name until UI v3 is merged
-         getError(id) {
-           return _cache.data[id];
-         },
+       var circleToPolygon = function circleToPolygon(center, radius, options) {
+         var n = getNumberOfEdges(options);
+         var earthRadius = getEarthRadius(options);
+         var bearing = getBearing(options);
+         var direction = getDirection(options); // validateInput() throws error on invalid input and do nothing on valid input
 
-         // Replace a single QAItem in the cache
-         replaceItem(item) {
-           if (!(item instanceof QAItem) || !item.id) return;
+         validateInput({
+           center: center,
+           radius: radius,
+           numberOfEdges: n,
+           earthRadius: earthRadius,
+           bearing: bearing
+         });
+         var start = toRadians(bearing);
+         var coordinates = [];
 
-           _cache.data[item.id] = item;
-           updateRtree(encodeIssueRtree(item), true); // true = replace
-           return item;
-         },
+         for (var i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+           coordinates.push(offset(center, radius, earthRadius, start + direction * 2 * Math.PI * -i / n));
+         }
 
-         // Remove a single QAItem from the cache
-         removeItem(item) {
-           if (!(item instanceof QAItem) || !item.id) return;
+         coordinates.push(coordinates[0]);
+         return {
+           type: "Polygon",
+           coordinates: [coordinates]
+         };
+       };
 
-           delete _cache.data[item.id];
-           updateRtree(encodeIssueRtree(item), false); // false = remove
-         },
+       function getNumberOfEdges(options) {
+         if (isUndefinedOrNull(options)) {
+           return 32;
+         } else if (isObjectNotArray(options)) {
+           var numberOfEdges = options.numberOfEdges;
+           return numberOfEdges === undefined ? 32 : numberOfEdges;
+         }
 
-         issueURL(item) {
-           return `${_krUrlRoot}/report_map.php?schema=${item.schema}&error=${item.id}`;
-         },
+         return options;
+       }
 
-         // Get an array of issues closed during this session.
-         // Used to populate `closed:keepright` changeset tag
-         getClosedIDs() {
-           return Object.keys(_cache.closed).sort();
+       function getEarthRadius(options) {
+         if (isUndefinedOrNull(options)) {
+           return defaultEarthRadius;
+         } else if (isObjectNotArray(options)) {
+           var earthRadius = options.earthRadius;
+           return earthRadius === undefined ? defaultEarthRadius : earthRadius;
          }
 
-       };
+         return defaultEarthRadius;
+       }
 
-       const tiler$1 = utilTiler();
-       const dispatch$2 = dispatch('loaded');
-       const _tileZoom$1 = 14;
-       const _impOsmUrls = {
-         ow: 'https://grab.community.improve-osm.org/directionOfFlowService',
-         mr: 'https://grab.community.improve-osm.org/missingGeoService',
-         tr: 'https://grab.community.improve-osm.org/turnRestrictionService'
-       };
-       let _impOsmData = { icons: {} };
+       function getDirection(options) {
+         if (isObjectNotArray(options) && options.rightHandRule) {
+           return -1;
+         }
 
+         return 1;
+       }
 
-       // This gets reassigned if reset
-       let _cache$1;
+       function getBearing(options) {
+         if (isUndefinedOrNull(options)) {
+           return 0;
+         } else if (isObjectNotArray(options)) {
+           var bearing = options.bearing;
+           return bearing === undefined ? 0 : bearing;
+         }
 
-       function abortRequest$1(i) {
-         Object.values(i).forEach(controller => {
-           if (controller) {
-             controller.abort();
-           }
-         });
+         return 0;
        }
 
-       function abortUnwantedRequests$1(cache, tiles) {
-         Object.keys(cache.inflightTile).forEach(k => {
-           const wanted = tiles.find(tile => k === tile.id);
-           if (!wanted) {
-             abortRequest$1(cache.inflightTile[k]);
-             delete cache.inflightTile[k];
-           }
-         });
+       function isObjectNotArray(argument) {
+         return argument !== null && _typeof(argument) === "object" && !Array.isArray(argument);
        }
 
-       function encodeIssueRtree$1(d) {
-         return { minX: d.loc[0], minY: d.loc[1], maxX: d.loc[0], maxY: d.loc[1], data: d };
+       function isUndefinedOrNull(argument) {
+         return argument === null || argument === undefined;
        }
 
-       // Replace or remove QAItem from rtree
-       function updateRtree$1(item, replace) {
-         _cache$1.rtree.remove(item, (a, b) => a.data.id === b.data.id);
+       // `Number.EPSILON` constant
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-number.epsilon
+       _export({ target: 'Number', stat: true }, {
+         EPSILON: Math.pow(2, -52)
+       });
 
-         if (replace) {
-           _cache$1.rtree.insert(item);
-         }
-       }
+       var quot = /"/g;
 
-       function linkErrorObject(d) {
-         return `<a class="error_object_link">${d}</a>`;
-       }
+       // `CreateHTML` abstract operation
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-createhtml
+       var createHtml = function (string, tag, attribute, value) {
+         var S = String(requireObjectCoercible(string));
+         var p1 = '<' + tag;
+         if (attribute !== '') p1 += ' ' + attribute + '="' + String(value).replace(quot, '&quot;') + '"';
+         return p1 + '>' + S + '</' + tag + '>';
+       };
 
-       function linkEntity(d) {
-         return `<a class="error_entity_link">${d}</a>`;
-       }
+       // check the existence of a method, lowercase
+       // of a tag and escaping quotes in arguments
+       var stringHtmlForced = function (METHOD_NAME) {
+         return fails(function () {
+           var test = ''[METHOD_NAME]('"');
+           return test !== test.toLowerCase() || test.split('"').length > 3;
+         });
+       };
 
-       function pointAverage(points) {
-         if (points.length) {
-           const sum = points.reduce(
-             (acc, point) => geoVecAdd(acc, [point.lon, point.lat]),
-             [0,0]
-           );
-           return geoVecScale(sum, 1 / points.length);
-         } else {
-           return [0,0];
+       // `String.prototype.link` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-string.prototype.link
+       _export({ target: 'String', proto: true, forced: stringHtmlForced('link') }, {
+         link: function link(url) {
+           return createHtml(this, 'a', 'href', url);
          }
-       }
+       });
 
-       function relativeBearing(p1, p2) {
-         let angle = Math.atan2(p2.lon - p1.lon, p2.lat - p1.lat);
-         if (angle < 0) {
-           angle += 2 * Math.PI;
+       /**
+        * splaytree v3.1.0
+        * Fast Splay tree for Node and browser
+        *
+        * @author Alexander Milevski <info@w8r.name>
+        * @license MIT
+        * @preserve
+        */
+       var Node$1 =
+       /** @class */
+       function () {
+         function Node(key, data) {
+           this.next = null;
+           this.key = key;
+           this.data = data;
+           this.left = null;
+           this.right = null;
          }
 
-         // Return degrees
-         return angle * 180 / Math.PI;
-       }
+         return Node;
+       }();
+       /* follows "An implementation of top-down splaying"
+        * by D. Sleator <sleator@cs.cmu.edu> March 1992
+        */
 
-       // Assuming range [0,360)
-       function cardinalDirection(bearing) {
-         const dir = 45 * Math.round(bearing / 45);
-         const compass = {
-           0: 'north',
-           45: 'northeast',
-           90: 'east',
-           135: 'southeast',
-           180: 'south',
-           225: 'southwest',
-           270: 'west',
-           315: 'northwest',
-           360: 'north'
-         };
 
-         return _t(`QA.improveOSM.directions.${compass[dir]}`);
+       function DEFAULT_COMPARE(a, b) {
+         return a > b ? 1 : a < b ? -1 : 0;
        }
+       /**
+        * Simple top down splay, not requiring i to be in the tree t.
+        */
 
-       // Errors shouldn't obscure eachother
-       function preventCoincident(loc, bumpUp) {
-         let coincident = false;
-         do {
-           // first time, move marker up. after that, move marker right.
-           let delta = coincident ? [0.00001, 0] : (bumpUp ? [0, 0.00001] : [0, 0]);
-           loc = geoVecAdd(loc, delta);
-           let bbox = geoExtent(loc).bbox();
-           coincident = _cache$1.rtree.search(bbox).length;
-         } while (coincident);
 
-         return loc;
-       }
+       function splay(i, t, comparator) {
+         var N = new Node$1(null, null);
+         var l = N;
+         var r = N;
 
-       var serviceImproveOSM = {
-         title: 'improveOSM',
+         while (true) {
+           var cmp = comparator(i, t.key); //if (i < t.key) {
 
-         init() {
-           _mainFileFetcher.get('qa_data')
-             .then(d => _impOsmData = d.improveOSM);
+           if (cmp < 0) {
+             if (t.left === null) break; //if (i < t.left.key) {
 
-           if (!_cache$1) {
-             this.reset();
-           }
+             if (comparator(i, t.left.key) < 0) {
+               var y = t.left;
+               /* rotate right */
 
-           this.event = utilRebind(this, dispatch$2, 'on');
-         },
+               t.left = y.right;
+               y.right = t;
+               t = y;
+               if (t.left === null) break;
+             }
 
-         reset() {
-           if (_cache$1) {
-             Object.values(_cache$1.inflightTile).forEach(abortRequest$1);
-           }
-           _cache$1 = {
-             data: {},
-             loadedTile: {},
-             inflightTile: {},
-             inflightPost: {},
-             closed: {},
-             rtree: new RBush()
-           };
-         },
+             r.left = t;
+             /* link right */
 
-         loadIssues(projection) {
-           const options = {
-             client: 'iD',
-             status: 'OPEN',
-             zoom: '19' // Use a high zoom so that clusters aren't returned
-           };
+             r = t;
+             t = t.left; //} else if (i > t.key) {
+           } else if (cmp > 0) {
+             if (t.right === null) break; //if (i > t.right.key) {
 
-           // determine the needed tiles to cover the view
-           const tiles = tiler$1
-             .zoomExtent([_tileZoom$1, _tileZoom$1])
-             .getTiles(projection);
+             if (comparator(i, t.right.key) > 0) {
+               var y = t.right;
+               /* rotate left */
 
-           // abort inflight requests that are no longer needed
-           abortUnwantedRequests$1(_cache$1, tiles);
+               t.right = y.left;
+               y.left = t;
+               t = y;
+               if (t.right === null) break;
+             }
 
-           // issue new requests..
-           tiles.forEach(tile => {
-             if (_cache$1.loadedTile[tile.id] || _cache$1.inflightTile[tile.id]) return;
+             l.right = t;
+             /* link left */
 
-             const [ east, north, west, south ] = tile.extent.rectangle();
-             const params = Object.assign({}, options, { east, south, west, north });
+             l = t;
+             t = t.right;
+           } else break;
+         }
+         /* assemble */
 
-             // 3 separate requests to store for each tile
-             const requests = {};
 
-             Object.keys(_impOsmUrls).forEach(k => {
-               // We exclude WATER from missing geometry as it doesn't seem useful
-               // We use most confident one-way and turn restrictions only, still have false positives
-               const kParams = Object.assign({},
-                 params,
-                 (k === 'mr') ? { type: 'PARKING,ROAD,BOTH,PATH' } : { confidenceLevel: 'C1' }
-               );
-               const url = `${_impOsmUrls[k]}/search?` + utilQsString(kParams);
-               const controller = new AbortController();
+         l.right = t.left;
+         r.left = t.right;
+         t.left = N.right;
+         t.right = N.left;
+         return t;
+       }
 
-               requests[k] = controller;
+       function insert(i, data, t, comparator) {
+         var node = new Node$1(i, data);
 
-               d3_json(url, { signal: controller.signal })
-                 .then(data => {
-                   delete _cache$1.inflightTile[tile.id][k];
-                   if (!Object.keys(_cache$1.inflightTile[tile.id]).length) {
-                     delete _cache$1.inflightTile[tile.id];
-                     _cache$1.loadedTile[tile.id] = true;
-                   }
+         if (t === null) {
+           node.left = node.right = null;
+           return node;
+         }
 
-                   // Road segments at high zoom == oneways
-                   if (data.roadSegments) {
-                     data.roadSegments.forEach(feature => {
-                       // Position error at the approximate middle of the segment
-                       const { points, wayId, fromNodeId, toNodeId } = feature;
-                       const itemId = `${wayId}${fromNodeId}${toNodeId}`;
-                       let mid = points.length / 2;
-                       let loc;
-
-                       // Even number of points, find midpoint of the middle two
-                       // Odd number of points, use position of very middle point
-                       if (mid % 1 === 0) {
-                         loc = pointAverage([points[mid - 1], points[mid]]);
-                       } else {
-                         mid = points[Math.floor(mid)];
-                         loc = [mid.lon, mid.lat];
-                       }
+         t = splay(i, t, comparator);
+         var cmp = comparator(i, t.key);
 
-                       // One-ways can land on same segment in opposite direction
-                       loc = preventCoincident(loc, false);
-
-                       let d = new QAItem(loc, this, k, itemId, {
-                         issueKey: k, // used as a category
-                         identifier: { // used to post changes
-                           wayId,
-                           fromNodeId,
-                           toNodeId
-                         },
-                         objectId: wayId,
-                         objectType: 'way'
-                       });
+         if (cmp < 0) {
+           node.left = t.left;
+           node.right = t;
+           t.left = null;
+         } else if (cmp >= 0) {
+           node.right = t.right;
+           node.left = t;
+           t.right = null;
+         }
 
-                       // Variables used in the description
-                       d.replacements = {
-                         percentage: feature.percentOfTrips,
-                         num_trips: feature.numberOfTrips,
-                         highway: linkErrorObject(_t('QA.keepRight.error_parts.highway')),
-                         from_node: linkEntity('n' + feature.fromNodeId),
-                         to_node: linkEntity('n' + feature.toNodeId)
-                       };
+         return node;
+       }
 
-                       _cache$1.data[d.id] = d;
-                       _cache$1.rtree.insert(encodeIssueRtree$1(d));
-                     });
-                   }
+       function split$1(key, v, comparator) {
+         var left = null;
+         var right = null;
 
-                   // Tiles at high zoom == missing roads
-                   if (data.tiles) {
-                     data.tiles.forEach(feature => {
-                       const { type, x, y, numberOfTrips } = feature;
-                       const geoType = type.toLowerCase();
-                       const itemId = `${geoType}${x}${y}${numberOfTrips}`;
-
-                       // Average of recorded points should land on the missing geometry
-                       // Missing geometry could happen to land on another error
-                       let loc = pointAverage(feature.points);
-                       loc = preventCoincident(loc, false);
-
-                       let d = new QAItem(loc, this, `${k}-${geoType}`, itemId, {
-                         issueKey: k,
-                         identifier: { x, y }
-                       });
+         if (v) {
+           v = splay(key, v, comparator);
+           var cmp = comparator(v.key, key);
 
-                       d.replacements = {
-                         num_trips: numberOfTrips,
-                         geometry_type: _t(`QA.improveOSM.geometry_types.${geoType}`)
-                       };
+           if (cmp === 0) {
+             left = v.left;
+             right = v.right;
+           } else if (cmp < 0) {
+             right = v.right;
+             v.right = null;
+             left = v;
+           } else {
+             left = v.left;
+             v.left = null;
+             right = v;
+           }
+         }
 
-                       // -1 trips indicates data came from a 3rd party
-                       if (numberOfTrips === -1) {
-                         d.desc = _t('QA.improveOSM.error_types.mr.description_alt', d.replacements);
-                       }
+         return {
+           left: left,
+           right: right
+         };
+       }
 
-                       _cache$1.data[d.id] = d;
-                       _cache$1.rtree.insert(encodeIssueRtree$1(d));
-                     });
-                   }
+       function merge$3(left, right, comparator) {
+         if (right === null) return left;
+         if (left === null) return right;
+         right = splay(left.key, right, comparator);
+         right.left = left;
+         return right;
+       }
+       /**
+        * Prints level of the tree
+        */
 
-                   // Entities at high zoom == turn restrictions
-                   if (data.entities) {
-                     data.entities.forEach(feature => {
-                       const { point, id, segments, numberOfPasses, turnType } = feature;
-                       const itemId = `${id.replace(/[,:+#]/g, '_')}`;
-
-                       // Turn restrictions could be missing at same junction
-                       // We also want to bump the error up so node is accessible
-                       const loc = preventCoincident([point.lon, point.lat], true);
-
-                       // Elements are presented in a strange way
-                       const ids = id.split(',');
-                       const from_way = ids[0];
-                       const via_node = ids[3];
-                       const to_way = ids[2].split(':')[1];
-
-                       let d = new QAItem(loc, this, k, itemId, {
-                         issueKey: k,
-                         identifier: id,
-                         objectId: via_node,
-                         objectType: 'node'
-                       });
 
-                       // Travel direction along from_way clarifies the turn restriction
-                       const [ p1, p2 ] = segments[0].points;
-                       const dir_of_travel = cardinalDirection(relativeBearing(p1, p2));
-
-                       // Variables used in the description
-                       d.replacements = {
-                         num_passed: numberOfPasses,
-                         num_trips: segments[0].numberOfTrips,
-                         turn_restriction: turnType.toLowerCase(),
-                         from_way: linkEntity('w' + from_way),
-                         to_way: linkEntity('w' + to_way),
-                         travel_direction: dir_of_travel,
-                         junction: linkErrorObject(_t('QA.keepRight.error_parts.this_node'))
-                       };
+       function printRow(root, prefix, isTail, out, printNode) {
+         if (root) {
+           out("" + prefix + (isTail ? '└── ' : '├── ') + printNode(root) + "\n");
+           var indent = prefix + (isTail ? '    ' : '│   ');
+           if (root.left) printRow(root.left, indent, false, out, printNode);
+           if (root.right) printRow(root.right, indent, true, out, printNode);
+         }
+       }
 
-                       _cache$1.data[d.id] = d;
-                       _cache$1.rtree.insert(encodeIssueRtree$1(d));
-                       dispatch$2.call('loaded');
-                     });
-                   }
-                 })
-                 .catch(() => {
-                   delete _cache$1.inflightTile[tile.id][k];
-                   if (!Object.keys(_cache$1.inflightTile[tile.id]).length) {
-                     delete _cache$1.inflightTile[tile.id];
-                     _cache$1.loadedTile[tile.id] = true;
-                   }
-                 });
-             });
+       var Tree =
+       /** @class */
+       function () {
+         function Tree(comparator) {
+           if (comparator === void 0) {
+             comparator = DEFAULT_COMPARE;
+           }
 
-             _cache$1.inflightTile[tile.id] = requests;
-           });
-         },
+           this._root = null;
+           this._size = 0;
+           this._comparator = comparator;
+         }
+         /**
+          * Inserts a key, allows duplicates
+          */
 
-         getComments(item) {
-           // If comments already retrieved no need to do so again
-           if (item.comments) {
-             return Promise.resolve(item);
+
+         Tree.prototype.insert = function (key, data) {
+           this._size++;
+           return this._root = insert(key, data, this._root, this._comparator);
+         };
+         /**
+          * Adds a key, if it is not present in the tree
+          */
+
+
+         Tree.prototype.add = function (key, data) {
+           var node = new Node$1(key, data);
+
+           if (this._root === null) {
+             node.left = node.right = null;
+             this._size++;
+             this._root = node;
            }
 
-           const key = item.issueKey;
-           let qParams = {};
+           var comparator = this._comparator;
+           var t = splay(key, this._root, comparator);
+           var cmp = comparator(key, t.key);
+           if (cmp === 0) this._root = t;else {
+             if (cmp < 0) {
+               node.left = t.left;
+               node.right = t;
+               t.left = null;
+             } else if (cmp > 0) {
+               node.right = t.right;
+               node.left = t;
+               t.right = null;
+             }
 
-           if (key === 'ow') {
-             qParams = item.identifier;
-           } else if (key === 'mr') {
-             qParams.tileX = item.identifier.x;
-             qParams.tileY = item.identifier.y;
-           } else if (key === 'tr') {
-             qParams.targetId = item.identifier;
+             this._size++;
+             this._root = node;
            }
+           return this._root;
+         };
+         /**
+          * @param  {Key} key
+          * @return {Node|null}
+          */
 
-           const url = `${_impOsmUrls[key]}/retrieveComments?` + utilQsString(qParams);
-           const cacheComments = data => {
-             // Assign directly for immediate use afterwards
-             // comments are served newest to oldest
-             item.comments = data.comments ? data.comments.reverse() : [];
-             this.replaceItem(item);
-           };
 
-           return d3_json(url).then(cacheComments).then(() => item);
-         },
+         Tree.prototype.remove = function (key) {
+           this._root = this._remove(key, this._root, this._comparator);
+         };
+         /**
+          * Deletes i from the tree if it's there
+          */
+
+
+         Tree.prototype._remove = function (i, t, comparator) {
+           var x;
+           if (t === null) return null;
+           t = splay(i, t, comparator);
+           var cmp = comparator(i, t.key);
+
+           if (cmp === 0) {
+             /* found it */
+             if (t.left === null) {
+               x = t.right;
+             } else {
+               x = splay(i, t.left, comparator);
+               x.right = t.right;
+             }
 
-         postUpdate(d, callback) {
-           if (!serviceOsm.authenticated()) { // Username required in payload
-             return callback({ message: 'Not Authenticated', status: -3}, d);
-           }
-           if (_cache$1.inflightPost[d.id]) {
-             return callback({ message: 'Error update already inflight', status: -2 }, d);
+             this._size--;
+             return x;
            }
 
-           // Payload can only be sent once username is established
-           serviceOsm.userDetails(sendPayload.bind(this));
+           return t;
+           /* It wasn't there */
+         };
+         /**
+          * Removes and returns the node with smallest key
+          */
 
-           function sendPayload(err, user) {
-             if (err) { return callback(err, d); }
 
-             const key = d.issueKey;
-             const url = `${_impOsmUrls[key]}/comment`;
-             const payload = {
-               username: user.display_name,
-               targetIds: [ d.identifier ]
-             };
+         Tree.prototype.pop = function () {
+           var node = this._root;
 
-             if (d.newStatus) {
-               payload.status = d.newStatus;
-               payload.text = 'status changed';
+           if (node) {
+             while (node.left) {
+               node = node.left;
              }
 
-             // Comment take place of default text
-             if (d.newComment) {
-               payload.text = d.newComment;
-             }
+             this._root = splay(node.key, this._root, this._comparator);
+             this._root = this._remove(node.key, this._root, this._comparator);
+             return {
+               key: node.key,
+               data: node.data
+             };
+           }
 
-             const controller = new AbortController();
-             _cache$1.inflightPost[d.id] = controller;
+           return null;
+         };
+         /**
+          * Find without splaying
+          */
 
-             const options = {
-               method: 'POST',
-               signal: controller.signal,
-               body: JSON.stringify(payload)
-             };
 
-             d3_json(url, options)
-               .then(() => {
-                 delete _cache$1.inflightPost[d.id];
+         Tree.prototype.findStatic = function (key) {
+           var current = this._root;
+           var compare = this._comparator;
 
-                 // Just a comment, update error in cache
-                 if (!d.newStatus) {
-                   const now = new Date();
-                   let comments = d.comments ? d.comments : [];
+           while (current) {
+             var cmp = compare(key, current.key);
+             if (cmp === 0) return current;else if (cmp < 0) current = current.left;else current = current.right;
+           }
 
-                   comments.push({
-                     username: payload.username,
-                     text: payload.text,
-                     timestamp: now.getTime() / 1000
-                   });
+           return null;
+         };
 
-                   this.replaceItem(d.update({
-                     comments: comments,
-                     newComment: undefined
-                   }));
-                 } else {
-                   this.removeItem(d);
-                   if (d.newStatus === 'SOLVED') {
-                     // Keep track of the number of issues closed per type to tag the changeset
-                     if (!(d.issueKey in _cache$1.closed)) {
-                       _cache$1.closed[d.issueKey] = 0;
-                     }
-                     _cache$1.closed[d.issueKey] += 1;
-                   }
-                 }
-                 if (callback) callback(null, d);
-               })
-               .catch(err => {
-                 delete _cache$1.inflightPost[d.id];
-                 if (callback) callback(err.message);
-               });
+         Tree.prototype.find = function (key) {
+           if (this._root) {
+             this._root = splay(key, this._root, this._comparator);
+             if (this._comparator(key, this._root.key) !== 0) return null;
            }
-         },
 
+           return this._root;
+         };
 
-         // Get all cached QAItems covering the viewport
-         getItems(projection) {
-           const viewport = projection.clipExtent();
-           const min = [viewport[0][0], viewport[1][1]];
-           const max = [viewport[1][0], viewport[0][1]];
-           const bbox = geoExtent(projection.invert(min), projection.invert(max)).bbox();
+         Tree.prototype.contains = function (key) {
+           var current = this._root;
+           var compare = this._comparator;
 
-           return _cache$1.rtree.search(bbox).map(d => d.data);
-         },
+           while (current) {
+             var cmp = compare(key, current.key);
+             if (cmp === 0) return true;else if (cmp < 0) current = current.left;else current = current.right;
+           }
 
-         // Get a QAItem from cache
-         // NOTE: Don't change method name until UI v3 is merged
-         getError(id) {
-           return _cache$1.data[id];
-         },
+           return false;
+         };
 
-         // get the name of the icon to display for this item
-         getIcon(itemType) {
-           return _impOsmData.icons[itemType];
-         },
+         Tree.prototype.forEach = function (visitor, ctx) {
+           var current = this._root;
+           var Q = [];
+           /* Initialize stack s */
 
-         // Replace a single QAItem in the cache
-         replaceItem(issue) {
-           if (!(issue instanceof QAItem) || !issue.id) return;
+           var done = false;
 
-           _cache$1.data[issue.id] = issue;
-           updateRtree$1(encodeIssueRtree$1(issue), true); // true = replace
-           return issue;
-         },
+           while (!done) {
+             if (current !== null) {
+               Q.push(current);
+               current = current.left;
+             } else {
+               if (Q.length !== 0) {
+                 current = Q.pop();
+                 visitor.call(ctx, current);
+                 current = current.right;
+               } else done = true;
+             }
+           }
 
-         // Remove a single QAItem from the cache
-         removeItem(issue) {
-           if (!(issue instanceof QAItem) || !issue.id) return;
+           return this;
+         };
+         /**
+          * Walk key range from `low` to `high`. Stops if `fn` returns a value.
+          */
 
-           delete _cache$1.data[issue.id];
-           updateRtree$1(encodeIssueRtree$1(issue), false); // false = remove
-         },
 
-         // Used to populate `closed:improveosm:*` changeset tags
-         getClosedCounts() {
-           return _cache$1.closed;
-         }
-       };
+         Tree.prototype.range = function (low, high, fn, ctx) {
+           var Q = [];
+           var compare = this._comparator;
+           var node = this._root;
+           var cmp;
 
-       var defaults = createCommonjsModule(function (module) {
-       function getDefaults() {
-         return {
-           baseUrl: null,
-           breaks: false,
-           gfm: true,
-           headerIds: true,
-           headerPrefix: '',
-           highlight: null,
-           langPrefix: 'language-',
-           mangle: true,
-           pedantic: false,
-           renderer: null,
-           sanitize: false,
-           sanitizer: null,
-           silent: false,
-           smartLists: false,
-           smartypants: false,
-           tokenizer: null,
-           xhtml: false
-         };
-       }
-
-       function changeDefaults(newDefaults) {
-         module.exports.defaults = newDefaults;
-       }
-
-       module.exports = {
-         defaults: getDefaults(),
-         getDefaults,
-         changeDefaults
-       };
-       });
+           while (Q.length !== 0 || node) {
+             if (node) {
+               Q.push(node);
+               node = node.left;
+             } else {
+               node = Q.pop();
+               cmp = compare(node.key, high);
 
-       /**
-        * Helpers
-        */
-       const escapeTest = /[&<>"']/;
-       const escapeReplace = /[&<>"']/g;
-       const escapeTestNoEncode = /[<>"']|&(?!#?\w+;)/;
-       const escapeReplaceNoEncode = /[<>"']|&(?!#?\w+;)/g;
-       const escapeReplacements = {
-         '&': '&amp;',
-         '<': '&lt;',
-         '>': '&gt;',
-         '"': '&quot;',
-         "'": '&#39;'
-       };
-       const getEscapeReplacement = (ch) => escapeReplacements[ch];
-       function escape$1(html, encode) {
-         if (encode) {
-           if (escapeTest.test(html)) {
-             return html.replace(escapeReplace, getEscapeReplacement);
-           }
-         } else {
-           if (escapeTestNoEncode.test(html)) {
-             return html.replace(escapeReplaceNoEncode, getEscapeReplacement);
+               if (cmp > 0) {
+                 break;
+               } else if (compare(node.key, low) >= 0) {
+                 if (fn.call(ctx, node)) return this; // stop if smth is returned
+               }
+
+               node = node.right;
+             }
            }
-         }
 
-         return html;
-       }
+           return this;
+         };
+         /**
+          * Returns array of keys
+          */
 
-       const unescapeTest = /&(#(?:\d+)|(?:#x[0-9A-Fa-f]+)|(?:\w+));?/ig;
 
-       function unescape$1(html) {
-         // explicitly match decimal, hex, and named HTML entities
-         return html.replace(unescapeTest, (_, n) => {
-           n = n.toLowerCase();
-           if (n === 'colon') return ':';
-           if (n.charAt(0) === '#') {
-             return n.charAt(1) === 'x'
-               ? String.fromCharCode(parseInt(n.substring(2), 16))
-               : String.fromCharCode(+n.substring(1));
-           }
-           return '';
-         });
-       }
+         Tree.prototype.keys = function () {
+           var keys = [];
+           this.forEach(function (_a) {
+             var key = _a.key;
+             return keys.push(key);
+           });
+           return keys;
+         };
+         /**
+          * Returns array of all the data in the nodes
+          */
 
-       const caret = /(^|[^\[])\^/g;
-       function edit(regex, opt) {
-         regex = regex.source || regex;
-         opt = opt || '';
-         const obj = {
-           replace: (name, val) => {
-             val = val.source || val;
-             val = val.replace(caret, '$1');
-             regex = regex.replace(name, val);
-             return obj;
-           },
-           getRegex: () => {
-             return new RegExp(regex, opt);
-           }
+
+         Tree.prototype.values = function () {
+           var values = [];
+           this.forEach(function (_a) {
+             var data = _a.data;
+             return values.push(data);
+           });
+           return values;
          };
-         return obj;
-       }
 
-       const nonWordAndColonTest = /[^\w:]/g;
-       const originIndependentUrl = /^$|^[a-z][a-z0-9+.-]*:|^[?#]/i;
-       function cleanUrl(sanitize, base, href) {
-         if (sanitize) {
-           let prot;
-           try {
-             prot = decodeURIComponent(unescape$1(href))
-               .replace(nonWordAndColonTest, '')
-               .toLowerCase();
-           } catch (e) {
-             return null;
-           }
-           if (prot.indexOf('javascript:') === 0 || prot.indexOf('vbscript:') === 0 || prot.indexOf('data:') === 0) {
-             return null;
-           }
-         }
-         if (base && !originIndependentUrl.test(href)) {
-           href = resolveUrl(base, href);
-         }
-         try {
-           href = encodeURI(href).replace(/%25/g, '%');
-         } catch (e) {
+         Tree.prototype.min = function () {
+           if (this._root) return this.minNode(this._root).key;
            return null;
-         }
-         return href;
-       }
+         };
 
-       const baseUrls = {};
-       const justDomain = /^[^:]+:\/*[^/]*$/;
-       const protocol = /^([^:]+:)[\s\S]*$/;
-       const domain = /^([^:]+:\/*[^/]*)[\s\S]*$/;
+         Tree.prototype.max = function () {
+           if (this._root) return this.maxNode(this._root).key;
+           return null;
+         };
 
-       function resolveUrl(base, href) {
-         if (!baseUrls[' ' + base]) {
-           // we can ignore everything in base after the last slash of its path component,
-           // but we might need to add _that_
-           // https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3
-           if (justDomain.test(base)) {
-             baseUrls[' ' + base] = base + '/';
-           } else {
-             baseUrls[' ' + base] = rtrim(base, '/', true);
+         Tree.prototype.minNode = function (t) {
+           if (t === void 0) {
+             t = this._root;
            }
-         }
-         base = baseUrls[' ' + base];
-         const relativeBase = base.indexOf(':') === -1;
 
-         if (href.substring(0, 2) === '//') {
-           if (relativeBase) {
-             return href;
-           }
-           return base.replace(protocol, '$1') + href;
-         } else if (href.charAt(0) === '/') {
-           if (relativeBase) {
-             return href;
+           if (t) while (t.left) {
+             t = t.left;
            }
-           return base.replace(domain, '$1') + href;
-         } else {
-           return base + href;
-         }
-       }
-
-       const noopTest = { exec: function noopTest() {} };
+           return t;
+         };
 
-       function merge$1(obj) {
-         let i = 1,
-           target,
-           key;
+         Tree.prototype.maxNode = function (t) {
+           if (t === void 0) {
+             t = this._root;
+           }
 
-         for (; i < arguments.length; i++) {
-           target = arguments[i];
-           for (key in target) {
-             if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(target, key)) {
-               obj[key] = target[key];
-             }
+           if (t) while (t.right) {
+             t = t.right;
            }
-         }
+           return t;
+         };
+         /**
+          * Returns node at given index
+          */
 
-         return obj;
-       }
 
-       function splitCells(tableRow, count) {
-         // ensure that every cell-delimiting pipe has a space
-         // before it to distinguish it from an escaped pipe
-         const row = tableRow.replace(/\|/g, (match, offset, str) => {
-             let escaped = false,
-               curr = offset;
-             while (--curr >= 0 && str[curr] === '\\') escaped = !escaped;
-             if (escaped) {
-               // odd number of slashes means | is escaped
-               // so we leave it alone
-               return '|';
+         Tree.prototype.at = function (index) {
+           var current = this._root;
+           var done = false;
+           var i = 0;
+           var Q = [];
+
+           while (!done) {
+             if (current) {
+               Q.push(current);
+               current = current.left;
              } else {
-               // add space before unescaped |
-               return ' |';
+               if (Q.length > 0) {
+                 current = Q.pop();
+                 if (i === index) return current;
+                 i++;
+                 current = current.right;
+               } else done = true;
              }
-           }),
-           cells = row.split(/ \|/);
-         let i = 0;
+           }
 
-         if (cells.length > count) {
-           cells.splice(count);
-         } else {
-           while (cells.length < count) cells.push('');
-         }
+           return null;
+         };
 
-         for (; i < cells.length; i++) {
-           // leading or trailing whitespace is ignored per the gfm spec
-           cells[i] = cells[i].trim().replace(/\\\|/g, '|');
-         }
-         return cells;
-       }
+         Tree.prototype.next = function (d) {
+           var root = this._root;
+           var successor = null;
 
-       // Remove trailing 'c's. Equivalent to str.replace(/c*$/, '').
-       // /c*$/ is vulnerable to REDOS.
-       // invert: Remove suffix of non-c chars instead. Default falsey.
-       function rtrim(str, c, invert) {
-         const l = str.length;
-         if (l === 0) {
-           return '';
-         }
+           if (d.right) {
+             successor = d.right;
 
-         // Length of suffix matching the invert condition.
-         let suffLen = 0;
+             while (successor.left) {
+               successor = successor.left;
+             }
 
-         // Step left until we fail to match the invert condition.
-         while (suffLen < l) {
-           const currChar = str.charAt(l - suffLen - 1);
-           if (currChar === c && !invert) {
-             suffLen++;
-           } else if (currChar !== c && invert) {
-             suffLen++;
-           } else {
-             break;
+             return successor;
            }
-         }
 
-         return str.substr(0, l - suffLen);
-       }
+           var comparator = this._comparator;
 
-       function findClosingBracket(str, b) {
-         if (str.indexOf(b[1]) === -1) {
-           return -1;
-         }
-         const l = str.length;
-         let level = 0,
-           i = 0;
-         for (; i < l; i++) {
-           if (str[i] === '\\') {
-             i++;
-           } else if (str[i] === b[0]) {
-             level++;
-           } else if (str[i] === b[1]) {
-             level--;
-             if (level < 0) {
-               return i;
-             }
+           while (root) {
+             var cmp = comparator(d.key, root.key);
+             if (cmp === 0) break;else if (cmp < 0) {
+               successor = root;
+               root = root.left;
+             } else root = root.right;
            }
-         }
-         return -1;
-       }
 
-       function checkSanitizeDeprecation(opt) {
-         if (opt && opt.sanitize && !opt.silent) {
-           console.warn('marked(): sanitize and sanitizer parameters are deprecated since version 0.7.0, should not be used and will be removed in the future. Read more here: https://marked.js.org/#/USING_ADVANCED.md#options');
-         }
-       }
+           return successor;
+         };
 
-       var helpers = {
-         escape: escape$1,
-         unescape: unescape$1,
-         edit,
-         cleanUrl,
-         resolveUrl,
-         noopTest,
-         merge: merge$1,
-         splitCells,
-         rtrim,
-         findClosingBracket,
-         checkSanitizeDeprecation
-       };
+         Tree.prototype.prev = function (d) {
+           var root = this._root;
+           var predecessor = null;
 
-       const { defaults: defaults$1 } = defaults;
-       const {
-         rtrim: rtrim$1,
-         splitCells: splitCells$1,
-         escape: escape$2,
-         findClosingBracket: findClosingBracket$1
-       } = helpers;
+           if (d.left !== null) {
+             predecessor = d.left;
 
-       function outputLink(cap, link, raw) {
-         const href = link.href;
-         const title = link.title ? escape$2(link.title) : null;
+             while (predecessor.right) {
+               predecessor = predecessor.right;
+             }
 
-         if (cap[0].charAt(0) !== '!') {
-           return {
-             type: 'link',
-             raw,
-             href,
-             title,
-             text: cap[1]
-           };
-         } else {
-           return {
-             type: 'image',
-             raw,
-             text: escape$2(cap[1]),
-             href,
-             title
-           };
-         }
-       }
+             return predecessor;
+           }
 
-       /**
-        * Tokenizer
-        */
-       var Tokenizer_1 = class Tokenizer {
-         constructor(options) {
-           this.options = options || defaults$1;
-         }
+           var comparator = this._comparator;
 
-         space(src) {
-           const cap = this.rules.block.newline.exec(src);
-           if (cap) {
-             if (cap[0].length > 1) {
-               return {
-                 type: 'space',
-                 raw: cap[0]
-               };
+           while (root) {
+             var cmp = comparator(d.key, root.key);
+             if (cmp === 0) break;else if (cmp < 0) root = root.left;else {
+               predecessor = root;
+               root = root.right;
              }
-             return { raw: '\n' };
            }
-         }
 
-         code(src, tokens) {
-           const cap = this.rules.block.code.exec(src);
-           if (cap) {
-             const lastToken = tokens[tokens.length - 1];
-             // An indented code block cannot interrupt a paragraph.
-             if (lastToken && lastToken.type === 'paragraph') {
-               tokens.pop();
-               lastToken.text += '\n' + cap[0].trimRight();
-               lastToken.raw += '\n' + cap[0];
-               return lastToken;
-             } else {
-               const text = cap[0].replace(/^ {4}/gm, '');
-               return {
-                 type: 'code',
-                 raw: cap[0],
-                 codeBlockStyle: 'indented',
-                 text: !this.options.pedantic
-                   ? rtrim$1(text, '\n')
-                   : text
-               };
-             }
-           }
-         }
+           return predecessor;
+         };
 
-         fences(src) {
-           const cap = this.rules.block.fences.exec(src);
-           if (cap) {
-             return {
-               type: 'code',
-               raw: cap[0],
-               lang: cap[2] ? cap[2].trim() : cap[2],
-               text: cap[3] || ''
-             };
-           }
-         }
+         Tree.prototype.clear = function () {
+           this._root = null;
+           this._size = 0;
+           return this;
+         };
 
-         heading(src) {
-           const cap = this.rules.block.heading.exec(src);
-           if (cap) {
-             return {
-               type: 'heading',
-               raw: cap[0],
-               depth: cap[1].length,
-               text: cap[2]
-             };
+         Tree.prototype.toList = function () {
+           return toList(this._root);
+         };
+         /**
+          * Bulk-load items. Both array have to be same size
+          */
+
+
+         Tree.prototype.load = function (keys, values, presort) {
+           if (values === void 0) {
+             values = [];
            }
-         }
 
-         nptable(src) {
-           const cap = this.rules.block.nptable.exec(src);
-           if (cap) {
-             const item = {
-               type: 'table',
-               header: splitCells$1(cap[1].replace(/^ *| *\| *$/g, '')),
-               align: cap[2].replace(/^ *|\| *$/g, '').split(/ *\| */),
-               cells: cap[3] ? cap[3].replace(/\n$/, '').split('\n') : [],
-               raw: cap[0]
-             };
+           if (presort === void 0) {
+             presort = false;
+           }
 
-             if (item.header.length === item.align.length) {
-               let l = item.align.length;
-               let i;
-               for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
-                 if (/^ *-+: *$/.test(item.align[i])) {
-                   item.align[i] = 'right';
-                 } else if (/^ *:-+: *$/.test(item.align[i])) {
-                   item.align[i] = 'center';
-                 } else if (/^ *:-+ *$/.test(item.align[i])) {
-                   item.align[i] = 'left';
-                 } else {
-                   item.align[i] = null;
-                 }
-               }
+           var size = keys.length;
+           var comparator = this._comparator; // sort if needed
 
-               l = item.cells.length;
-               for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
-                 item.cells[i] = splitCells$1(item.cells[i], item.header.length);
-               }
+           if (presort) sort(keys, values, 0, size - 1, comparator);
 
-               return item;
-             }
+           if (this._root === null) {
+             // empty tree
+             this._root = loadRecursive(keys, values, 0, size);
+             this._size = size;
+           } else {
+             // that re-builds the whole tree from two in-order traversals
+             var mergedList = mergeLists(this.toList(), createList(keys, values), comparator);
+             size = this._size + size;
+             this._root = sortedListToBST({
+               head: mergedList
+             }, 0, size);
            }
-         }
 
-         hr(src) {
-           const cap = this.rules.block.hr.exec(src);
-           if (cap) {
-             return {
-               type: 'hr',
-               raw: cap[0]
-             };
-           }
-         }
+           return this;
+         };
+
+         Tree.prototype.isEmpty = function () {
+           return this._root === null;
+         };
 
-         blockquote(src) {
-           const cap = this.rules.block.blockquote.exec(src);
-           if (cap) {
-             const text = cap[0].replace(/^ *> ?/gm, '');
+         Object.defineProperty(Tree.prototype, "size", {
+           get: function get() {
+             return this._size;
+           },
+           enumerable: true,
+           configurable: true
+         });
+         Object.defineProperty(Tree.prototype, "root", {
+           get: function get() {
+             return this._root;
+           },
+           enumerable: true,
+           configurable: true
+         });
 
-             return {
-               type: 'blockquote',
-               raw: cap[0],
-               text
+         Tree.prototype.toString = function (printNode) {
+           if (printNode === void 0) {
+             printNode = function printNode(n) {
+               return String(n.key);
              };
            }
-         }
 
-         list(src) {
-           const cap = this.rules.block.list.exec(src);
-           if (cap) {
-             let raw = cap[0];
-             const bull = cap[2];
-             const isordered = bull.length > 1;
+           var out = [];
+           printRow(this._root, '', true, function (v) {
+             return out.push(v);
+           }, printNode);
+           return out.join('');
+         };
 
-             const list = {
-               type: 'list',
-               raw,
-               ordered: isordered,
-               start: isordered ? +bull : '',
-               loose: false,
-               items: []
-             };
+         Tree.prototype.update = function (key, newKey, newData) {
+           var comparator = this._comparator;
 
-             // Get each top-level item.
-             const itemMatch = cap[0].match(this.rules.block.item);
-
-             let next = false,
-               item,
-               space,
-               b,
-               addBack,
-               loose,
-               istask,
-               ischecked;
-
-             const l = itemMatch.length;
-             for (let i = 0; i < l; i++) {
-               item = itemMatch[i];
-               raw = item;
-
-               // Remove the list item's bullet
-               // so it is seen as the next token.
-               space = item.length;
-               item = item.replace(/^ *([*+-]|\d+\.) */, '');
-
-               // Outdent whatever the
-               // list item contains. Hacky.
-               if (~item.indexOf('\n ')) {
-                 space -= item.length;
-                 item = !this.options.pedantic
-                   ? item.replace(new RegExp('^ {1,' + space + '}', 'gm'), '')
-                   : item.replace(/^ {1,4}/gm, '');
-               }
-
-               // Determine whether the next list item belongs here.
-               // Backpedal if it does not belong in this list.
-               if (i !== l - 1) {
-                 b = this.rules.block.bullet.exec(itemMatch[i + 1])[0];
-                 if (bull.length > 1 ? b.length === 1
-                   : (b.length > 1 || (this.options.smartLists && b !== bull))) {
-                   addBack = itemMatch.slice(i + 1).join('\n');
-                   list.raw = list.raw.substring(0, list.raw.length - addBack.length);
-                   i = l - 1;
-                 }
-               }
+           var _a = split$1(key, this._root, comparator),
+               left = _a.left,
+               right = _a.right;
 
-               // Determine whether item is loose or not.
-               // Use: /(^|\n)(?! )[^\n]+\n\n(?!\s*$)/
-               // for discount behavior.
-               loose = next || /\n\n(?!\s*$)/.test(item);
-               if (i !== l - 1) {
-                 next = item.charAt(item.length - 1) === '\n';
-                 if (!loose) loose = next;
-               }
+           if (comparator(key, newKey) < 0) {
+             right = insert(newKey, newData, right, comparator);
+           } else {
+             left = insert(newKey, newData, left, comparator);
+           }
 
-               if (loose) {
-                 list.loose = true;
-               }
+           this._root = merge$3(left, right, comparator);
+         };
 
-               // Check for task list items
-               istask = /^\[[ xX]\] /.test(item);
-               ischecked = undefined;
-               if (istask) {
-                 ischecked = item[1] !== ' ';
-                 item = item.replace(/^\[[ xX]\] +/, '');
-               }
+         Tree.prototype.split = function (key) {
+           return split$1(key, this._root, this._comparator);
+         };
 
-               list.items.push({
-                 raw,
-                 task: istask,
-                 checked: ischecked,
-                 loose: loose,
-                 text: item
-               });
-             }
+         return Tree;
+       }();
 
-             return list;
-           }
+       function loadRecursive(keys, values, start, end) {
+         var size = end - start;
+
+         if (size > 0) {
+           var middle = start + Math.floor(size / 2);
+           var key = keys[middle];
+           var data = values[middle];
+           var node = new Node$1(key, data);
+           node.left = loadRecursive(keys, values, start, middle);
+           node.right = loadRecursive(keys, values, middle + 1, end);
+           return node;
          }
 
-         html(src) {
-           const cap = this.rules.block.html.exec(src);
-           if (cap) {
-             return {
-               type: this.options.sanitize
-                 ? 'paragraph'
-                 : 'html',
-               raw: cap[0],
-               pre: !this.options.sanitizer
-                 && (cap[1] === 'pre' || cap[1] === 'script' || cap[1] === 'style'),
-               text: this.options.sanitize ? (this.options.sanitizer ? this.options.sanitizer(cap[0]) : escape$2(cap[0])) : cap[0]
-             };
-           }
+         return null;
+       }
+
+       function createList(keys, values) {
+         var head = new Node$1(null, null);
+         var p = head;
+
+         for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
+           p = p.next = new Node$1(keys[i], values[i]);
          }
 
-         def(src) {
-           const cap = this.rules.block.def.exec(src);
-           if (cap) {
-             if (cap[3]) cap[3] = cap[3].substring(1, cap[3].length - 1);
-             const tag = cap[1].toLowerCase().replace(/\s+/g, ' ');
-             return {
-               tag,
-               raw: cap[0],
-               href: cap[2],
-               title: cap[3]
-             };
+         p.next = null;
+         return head.next;
+       }
+
+       function toList(root) {
+         var current = root;
+         var Q = [];
+         var done = false;
+         var head = new Node$1(null, null);
+         var p = head;
+
+         while (!done) {
+           if (current) {
+             Q.push(current);
+             current = current.left;
+           } else {
+             if (Q.length > 0) {
+               current = p = p.next = Q.pop();
+               current = current.right;
+             } else done = true;
            }
          }
 
-         table(src) {
-           const cap = this.rules.block.table.exec(src);
-           if (cap) {
-             const item = {
-               type: 'table',
-               header: splitCells$1(cap[1].replace(/^ *| *\| *$/g, '')),
-               align: cap[2].replace(/^ *|\| *$/g, '').split(/ *\| */),
-               cells: cap[3] ? cap[3].replace(/\n$/, '').split('\n') : []
-             };
+         p.next = null; // that'll work even if the tree was empty
 
-             if (item.header.length === item.align.length) {
-               item.raw = cap[0];
-
-               let l = item.align.length;
-               let i;
-               for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
-                 if (/^ *-+: *$/.test(item.align[i])) {
-                   item.align[i] = 'right';
-                 } else if (/^ *:-+: *$/.test(item.align[i])) {
-                   item.align[i] = 'center';
-                 } else if (/^ *:-+ *$/.test(item.align[i])) {
-                   item.align[i] = 'left';
-                 } else {
-                   item.align[i] = null;
-                 }
-               }
+         return head.next;
+       }
 
-               l = item.cells.length;
-               for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
-                 item.cells[i] = splitCells$1(
-                   item.cells[i].replace(/^ *\| *| *\| *$/g, ''),
-                   item.header.length);
-               }
+       function sortedListToBST(list, start, end) {
+         var size = end - start;
 
-               return item;
-             }
-           }
+         if (size > 0) {
+           var middle = start + Math.floor(size / 2);
+           var left = sortedListToBST(list, start, middle);
+           var root = list.head;
+           root.left = left;
+           list.head = list.head.next;
+           root.right = sortedListToBST(list, middle + 1, end);
+           return root;
          }
 
-         lheading(src) {
-           const cap = this.rules.block.lheading.exec(src);
-           if (cap) {
-             return {
-               type: 'heading',
-               raw: cap[0],
-               depth: cap[2].charAt(0) === '=' ? 1 : 2,
-               text: cap[1]
-             };
-           }
-         }
+         return null;
+       }
 
-         paragraph(src) {
-           const cap = this.rules.block.paragraph.exec(src);
-           if (cap) {
-             return {
-               type: 'paragraph',
-               raw: cap[0],
-               text: cap[1].charAt(cap[1].length - 1) === '\n'
-                 ? cap[1].slice(0, -1)
-                 : cap[1]
-             };
-           }
-         }
+       function mergeLists(l1, l2, compare) {
+         var head = new Node$1(null, null); // dummy
 
-         text(src) {
-           const cap = this.rules.block.text.exec(src);
-           if (cap) {
-             return {
-               type: 'text',
-               raw: cap[0],
-               text: cap[0]
-             };
+         var p = head;
+         var p1 = l1;
+         var p2 = l2;
+
+         while (p1 !== null && p2 !== null) {
+           if (compare(p1.key, p2.key) < 0) {
+             p.next = p1;
+             p1 = p1.next;
+           } else {
+             p.next = p2;
+             p2 = p2.next;
            }
+
+           p = p.next;
          }
 
-         escape(src) {
-           const cap = this.rules.inline.escape.exec(src);
-           if (cap) {
-             return {
-               type: 'escape',
-               raw: cap[0],
-               text: escape$2(cap[1])
-             };
-           }
+         if (p1 !== null) {
+           p.next = p1;
+         } else if (p2 !== null) {
+           p.next = p2;
          }
 
-         tag(src, inLink, inRawBlock) {
-           const cap = this.rules.inline.tag.exec(src);
-           if (cap) {
-             if (!inLink && /^<a /i.test(cap[0])) {
-               inLink = true;
-             } else if (inLink && /^<\/a>/i.test(cap[0])) {
-               inLink = false;
-             }
-             if (!inRawBlock && /^<(pre|code|kbd|script)(\s|>)/i.test(cap[0])) {
-               inRawBlock = true;
-             } else if (inRawBlock && /^<\/(pre|code|kbd|script)(\s|>)/i.test(cap[0])) {
-               inRawBlock = false;
-             }
+         return head.next;
+       }
 
-             return {
-               type: this.options.sanitize
-                 ? 'text'
-                 : 'html',
-               raw: cap[0],
-               inLink,
-               inRawBlock,
-               text: this.options.sanitize
-                 ? (this.options.sanitizer
-                   ? this.options.sanitizer(cap[0])
-                   : escape$2(cap[0]))
-                 : cap[0]
-             };
-           }
-         }
+       function sort(keys, values, left, right, compare) {
+         if (left >= right) return;
+         var pivot = keys[left + right >> 1];
+         var i = left - 1;
+         var j = right + 1;
 
-         link(src) {
-           const cap = this.rules.inline.link.exec(src);
-           if (cap) {
-             const lastParenIndex = findClosingBracket$1(cap[2], '()');
-             if (lastParenIndex > -1) {
-               const start = cap[0].indexOf('!') === 0 ? 5 : 4;
-               const linkLen = start + cap[1].length + lastParenIndex;
-               cap[2] = cap[2].substring(0, lastParenIndex);
-               cap[0] = cap[0].substring(0, linkLen).trim();
-               cap[3] = '';
-             }
-             let href = cap[2];
-             let title = '';
-             if (this.options.pedantic) {
-               const link = /^([^'"]*[^\s])\s+(['"])(.*)\2/.exec(href);
+         while (true) {
+           do {
+             i++;
+           } while (compare(keys[i], pivot) < 0);
 
-               if (link) {
-                 href = link[1];
-                 title = link[3];
-               } else {
-                 title = '';
-               }
-             } else {
-               title = cap[3] ? cap[3].slice(1, -1) : '';
-             }
-             href = href.trim().replace(/^<([\s\S]*)>$/, '$1');
-             const token = outputLink(cap, {
-               href: href ? href.replace(this.rules.inline._escapes, '$1') : href,
-               title: title ? title.replace(this.rules.inline._escapes, '$1') : title
-             }, cap[0]);
-             return token;
-           }
-         }
+           do {
+             j--;
+           } while (compare(keys[j], pivot) > 0);
 
-         reflink(src, links) {
-           let cap;
-           if ((cap = this.rules.inline.reflink.exec(src))
-               || (cap = this.rules.inline.nolink.exec(src))) {
-             let link = (cap[2] || cap[1]).replace(/\s+/g, ' ');
-             link = links[link.toLowerCase()];
-             if (!link || !link.href) {
-               const text = cap[0].charAt(0);
-               return {
-                 type: 'text',
-                 raw: text,
-                 text
-               };
-             }
-             const token = outputLink(cap, link, cap[0]);
-             return token;
-           }
+           if (i >= j) break;
+           var tmp = keys[i];
+           keys[i] = keys[j];
+           keys[j] = tmp;
+           tmp = values[i];
+           values[i] = values[j];
+           values[j] = tmp;
          }
 
-         strong(src) {
-           const cap = this.rules.inline.strong.exec(src);
-           if (cap) {
-             return {
-               type: 'strong',
-               raw: cap[0],
-               text: cap[4] || cap[3] || cap[2] || cap[1]
-             };
-           }
-         }
+         sort(keys, values, left, j, compare);
+         sort(keys, values, j + 1, right, compare);
+       }
 
-         em(src) {
-           const cap = this.rules.inline.em.exec(src);
-           if (cap) {
-             return {
-               type: 'em',
-               raw: cap[0],
-               text: cap[6] || cap[5] || cap[4] || cap[3] || cap[2] || cap[1]
-             };
-           }
+       function _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {
+         if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {
+           throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function");
          }
+       }
 
-         codespan(src) {
-           const cap = this.rules.inline.code.exec(src);
-           if (cap) {
-             return {
-               type: 'codespan',
-               raw: cap[0],
-               text: escape$2(cap[2].trim(), true)
-             };
-           }
+       function _defineProperties(target, props) {
+         for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {
+           var descriptor = props[i];
+           descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;
+           descriptor.configurable = true;
+           if ("value" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;
+           Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);
          }
+       }
 
-         br(src) {
-           const cap = this.rules.inline.br.exec(src);
-           if (cap) {
-             return {
-               type: 'br',
-               raw: cap[0]
-             };
-           }
-         }
+       function _createClass(Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {
+         if (protoProps) _defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);
+         if (staticProps) _defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);
+         return Constructor;
+       }
+       /**
+        * A bounding box has the format:
+        *
+        *  { ll: { x: xmin, y: ymin }, ur: { x: xmax, y: ymax } }
+        *
+        */
 
-         del(src) {
-           const cap = this.rules.inline.del.exec(src);
-           if (cap) {
-             return {
-               type: 'del',
-               raw: cap[0],
-               text: cap[1]
-             };
-           }
-         }
 
-         autolink(src, mangle) {
-           const cap = this.rules.inline.autolink.exec(src);
-           if (cap) {
-             let text, href;
-             if (cap[2] === '@') {
-               text = escape$2(this.options.mangle ? mangle(cap[1]) : cap[1]);
-               href = 'mailto:' + text;
-             } else {
-               text = escape$2(cap[1]);
-               href = text;
-             }
+       var isInBbox = function isInBbox(bbox, point) {
+         return bbox.ll.x <= point.x && point.x <= bbox.ur.x && bbox.ll.y <= point.y && point.y <= bbox.ur.y;
+       };
+       /* Returns either null, or a bbox (aka an ordered pair of points)
+        * If there is only one point of overlap, a bbox with identical points
+        * will be returned */
 
-             return {
-               type: 'link',
-               raw: cap[0],
-               text,
-               href,
-               tokens: [
-                 {
-                   type: 'text',
-                   raw: text,
-                   text
-                 }
-               ]
-             };
-           }
-         }
 
-         url(src, mangle) {
-           let cap;
-           if (cap = this.rules.inline.url.exec(src)) {
-             let text, href;
-             if (cap[2] === '@') {
-               text = escape$2(this.options.mangle ? mangle(cap[0]) : cap[0]);
-               href = 'mailto:' + text;
-             } else {
-               // do extended autolink path validation
-               let prevCapZero;
-               do {
-                 prevCapZero = cap[0];
-                 cap[0] = this.rules.inline._backpedal.exec(cap[0])[0];
-               } while (prevCapZero !== cap[0]);
-               text = escape$2(cap[0]);
-               if (cap[1] === 'www.') {
-                 href = 'http://' + text;
-               } else {
-                 href = text;
-               }
-             }
-             return {
-               type: 'link',
-               raw: cap[0],
-               text,
-               href,
-               tokens: [
-                 {
-                   type: 'text',
-                   raw: text,
-                   text
-                 }
-               ]
-             };
+       var getBboxOverlap = function getBboxOverlap(b1, b2) {
+         // check if the bboxes overlap at all
+         if (b2.ur.x < b1.ll.x || b1.ur.x < b2.ll.x || b2.ur.y < b1.ll.y || b1.ur.y < b2.ll.y) return null; // find the middle two X values
+
+         var lowerX = b1.ll.x < b2.ll.x ? b2.ll.x : b1.ll.x;
+         var upperX = b1.ur.x < b2.ur.x ? b1.ur.x : b2.ur.x; // find the middle two Y values
+
+         var lowerY = b1.ll.y < b2.ll.y ? b2.ll.y : b1.ll.y;
+         var upperY = b1.ur.y < b2.ur.y ? b1.ur.y : b2.ur.y; // put those middle values together to get the overlap
+
+         return {
+           ll: {
+             x: lowerX,
+             y: lowerY
+           },
+           ur: {
+             x: upperX,
+             y: upperY
            }
-         }
+         };
+       };
+       /* Javascript doesn't do integer math. Everything is
+        * floating point with percision Number.EPSILON.
+        *
+        * https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number/EPSILON
+        */
+
+
+       var epsilon = Number.EPSILON; // IE Polyfill
+
+       if (epsilon === undefined) epsilon = Math.pow(2, -52);
+       var EPSILON_SQ = epsilon * epsilon;
+       /* FLP comparator */
 
-         inlineText(src, inRawBlock, smartypants) {
-           const cap = this.rules.inline.text.exec(src);
-           if (cap) {
-             let text;
-             if (inRawBlock) {
-               text = this.options.sanitize ? (this.options.sanitizer ? this.options.sanitizer(cap[0]) : escape$2(cap[0])) : cap[0];
-             } else {
-               text = escape$2(this.options.smartypants ? smartypants(cap[0]) : cap[0]);
-             }
-             return {
-               type: 'text',
-               raw: cap[0],
-               text
-             };
+       var cmp = function cmp(a, b) {
+         // check if they're both 0
+         if (-epsilon < a && a < epsilon) {
+           if (-epsilon < b && b < epsilon) {
+             return 0;
            }
-         }
-       };
+         } // check if they're flp equal
 
-       const {
-         noopTest: noopTest$1,
-         edit: edit$1,
-         merge: merge$2
-       } = helpers;
 
-       /**
-        * Block-Level Grammar
-        */
-       const block = {
-         newline: /^\n+/,
-         code: /^( {4}[^\n]+\n*)+/,
-         fences: /^ {0,3}(`{3,}(?=[^`\n]*\n)|~{3,})([^\n]*)\n(?:|([\s\S]*?)\n)(?: {0,3}\1[~`]* *(?:\n+|$)|$)/,
-         hr: /^ {0,3}((?:- *){3,}|(?:_ *){3,}|(?:\* *){3,})(?:\n+|$)/,
-         heading: /^ {0,3}(#{1,6}) +([^\n]*?)(?: +#+)? *(?:\n+|$)/,
-         blockquote: /^( {0,3}> ?(paragraph|[^\n]*)(?:\n|$))+/,
-         list: /^( {0,3})(bull) [\s\S]+?(?:hr|def|\n{2,}(?! )(?!\1bull )\n*|\s*$)/,
-         html: '^ {0,3}(?:' // optional indentation
-           + '<(script|pre|style)[\\s>][\\s\\S]*?(?:</\\1>[^\\n]*\\n+|$)' // (1)
-           + '|comment[^\\n]*(\\n+|$)' // (2)
-           + '|<\\?[\\s\\S]*?\\?>\\n*' // (3)
-           + '|<![A-Z][\\s\\S]*?>\\n*' // (4)
-           + '|<!\\[CDATA\\[[\\s\\S]*?\\]\\]>\\n*' // (5)
-           + '|</?(tag)(?: +|\\n|/?>)[\\s\\S]*?(?:\\n{2,}|$)' // (6)
-           + '|<(?!script|pre|style)([a-z][\\w-]*)(?:attribute)*? */?>(?=[ \\t]*(?:\\n|$))[\\s\\S]*?(?:\\n{2,}|$)' // (7) open tag
-           + '|</(?!script|pre|style)[a-z][\\w-]*\\s*>(?=[ \\t]*(?:\\n|$))[\\s\\S]*?(?:\\n{2,}|$)' // (7) closing tag
-           + ')',
-         def: /^ {0,3}\[(label)\]: *\n? *<?([^\s>]+)>?(?:(?: +\n? *| *\n *)(title))? *(?:\n+|$)/,
-         nptable: noopTest$1,
-         table: noopTest$1,
-         lheading: /^([^\n]+)\n {0,3}(=+|-+) *(?:\n+|$)/,
-         // regex template, placeholders will be replaced according to different paragraph
-         // interruption rules of commonmark and the original markdown spec:
-         _paragraph: /^([^\n]+(?:\n(?!hr|heading|lheading|blockquote|fences|list|html)[^\n]+)*)/,
-         text: /^[^\n]+/
-       };
+         var ab = a - b;
+
+         if (ab * ab < EPSILON_SQ * a * b) {
+           return 0;
+         } // normal comparison
 
-       block._label = /(?!\s*\])(?:\\[\[\]]|[^\[\]])+/;
-       block._title = /(?:"(?:\\"?|[^"\\])*"|'[^'\n]*(?:\n[^'\n]+)*\n?'|\([^()]*\))/;
-       block.def = edit$1(block.def)
-         .replace('label', block._label)
-         .replace('title', block._title)
-         .getRegex();
-
-       block.bullet = /(?:[*+-]|\d{1,9}\.)/;
-       block.item = /^( *)(bull) ?[^\n]*(?:\n(?!\1bull ?)[^\n]*)*/;
-       block.item = edit$1(block.item, 'gm')
-         .replace(/bull/g, block.bullet)
-         .getRegex();
-
-       block.list = edit$1(block.list)
-         .replace(/bull/g, block.bullet)
-         .replace('hr', '\\n+(?=\\1?(?:(?:- *){3,}|(?:_ *){3,}|(?:\\* *){3,})(?:\\n+|$))')
-         .replace('def', '\\n+(?=' + block.def.source + ')')
-         .getRegex();
-
-       block._tag = 'address|article|aside|base|basefont|blockquote|body|caption'
-         + '|center|col|colgroup|dd|details|dialog|dir|div|dl|dt|fieldset|figcaption'
-         + '|figure|footer|form|frame|frameset|h[1-6]|head|header|hr|html|iframe'
-         + '|legend|li|link|main|menu|menuitem|meta|nav|noframes|ol|optgroup|option'
-         + '|p|param|section|source|summary|table|tbody|td|tfoot|th|thead|title|tr'
-         + '|track|ul';
-       block._comment = /<!--(?!-?>)[\s\S]*?-->/;
-       block.html = edit$1(block.html, 'i')
-         .replace('comment', block._comment)
-         .replace('tag', block._tag)
-         .replace('attribute', / +[a-zA-Z:_][\w.:-]*(?: *= *"[^"\n]*"| *= *'[^'\n]*'| *= *[^\s"'=<>`]+)?/)
-         .getRegex();
-
-       block.paragraph = edit$1(block._paragraph)
-         .replace('hr', block.hr)
-         .replace('heading', ' {0,3}#{1,6} ')
-         .replace('|lheading', '') // setex headings don't interrupt commonmark paragraphs
-         .replace('blockquote', ' {0,3}>')
-         .replace('fences', ' {0,3}(?:`{3,}(?=[^`\\n]*\\n)|~{3,})[^\\n]*\\n')
-         .replace('list', ' {0,3}(?:[*+-]|1[.)]) ') // only lists starting from 1 can interrupt
-         .replace('html', '</?(?:tag)(?: +|\\n|/?>)|<(?:script|pre|style|!--)')
-         .replace('tag', block._tag) // pars can be interrupted by type (6) html blocks
-         .getRegex();
-
-       block.blockquote = edit$1(block.blockquote)
-         .replace('paragraph', block.paragraph)
-         .getRegex();
 
+         return a < b ? -1 : 1;
+       };
        /**
-        * Normal Block Grammar
+        * This class rounds incoming values sufficiently so that
+        * floating points problems are, for the most part, avoided.
+        *
+        * Incoming points are have their x & y values tested against
+        * all previously seen x & y values. If either is 'too close'
+        * to a previously seen value, it's value is 'snapped' to the
+        * previously seen value.
+        *
+        * All points should be rounded by this class before being
+        * stored in any data structures in the rest of this algorithm.
         */
 
-       block.normal = merge$2({}, block);
 
-       /**
-        * GFM Block Grammar
-        */
+       var PtRounder = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
+         function PtRounder() {
+           _classCallCheck(this, PtRounder);
 
-       block.gfm = merge$2({}, block.normal, {
-         nptable: '^ *([^|\\n ].*\\|.*)\\n' // Header
-           + ' *([-:]+ *\\|[-| :]*)' // Align
-           + '(?:\\n((?:(?!\\n|hr|heading|blockquote|code|fences|list|html).*(?:\\n|$))*)\\n*|$)', // Cells
-         table: '^ *\\|(.+)\\n' // Header
-           + ' *\\|?( *[-:]+[-| :]*)' // Align
-           + '(?:\\n *((?:(?!\\n|hr|heading|blockquote|code|fences|list|html).*(?:\\n|$))*)\\n*|$)' // Cells
-       });
+           this.reset();
+         }
 
-       block.gfm.nptable = edit$1(block.gfm.nptable)
-         .replace('hr', block.hr)
-         .replace('heading', ' {0,3}#{1,6} ')
-         .replace('blockquote', ' {0,3}>')
-         .replace('code', ' {4}[^\\n]')
-         .replace('fences', ' {0,3}(?:`{3,}(?=[^`\\n]*\\n)|~{3,})[^\\n]*\\n')
-         .replace('list', ' {0,3}(?:[*+-]|1[.)]) ') // only lists starting from 1 can interrupt
-         .replace('html', '</?(?:tag)(?: +|\\n|/?>)|<(?:script|pre|style|!--)')
-         .replace('tag', block._tag) // tables can be interrupted by type (6) html blocks
-         .getRegex();
-
-       block.gfm.table = edit$1(block.gfm.table)
-         .replace('hr', block.hr)
-         .replace('heading', ' {0,3}#{1,6} ')
-         .replace('blockquote', ' {0,3}>')
-         .replace('code', ' {4}[^\\n]')
-         .replace('fences', ' {0,3}(?:`{3,}(?=[^`\\n]*\\n)|~{3,})[^\\n]*\\n')
-         .replace('list', ' {0,3}(?:[*+-]|1[.)]) ') // only lists starting from 1 can interrupt
-         .replace('html', '</?(?:tag)(?: +|\\n|/?>)|<(?:script|pre|style|!--)')
-         .replace('tag', block._tag) // tables can be interrupted by type (6) html blocks
-         .getRegex();
+         _createClass(PtRounder, [{
+           key: "reset",
+           value: function reset() {
+             this.xRounder = new CoordRounder();
+             this.yRounder = new CoordRounder();
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "round",
+           value: function round(x, y) {
+             return {
+               x: this.xRounder.round(x),
+               y: this.yRounder.round(y)
+             };
+           }
+         }]);
 
-       /**
-        * Pedantic grammar (original John Gruber's loose markdown specification)
-        */
+         return PtRounder;
+       }();
 
-       block.pedantic = merge$2({}, block.normal, {
-         html: edit$1(
-           '^ *(?:comment *(?:\\n|\\s*$)'
-           + '|<(tag)[\\s\\S]+?</\\1> *(?:\\n{2,}|\\s*$)' // closed tag
-           + '|<tag(?:"[^"]*"|\'[^\']*\'|\\s[^\'"/>\\s]*)*?/?> *(?:\\n{2,}|\\s*$))')
-           .replace('comment', block._comment)
-           .replace(/tag/g, '(?!(?:'
-             + 'a|em|strong|small|s|cite|q|dfn|abbr|data|time|code|var|samp|kbd|sub'
-             + '|sup|i|b|u|mark|ruby|rt|rp|bdi|bdo|span|br|wbr|ins|del|img)'
-             + '\\b)\\w+(?!:|[^\\w\\s@]*@)\\b')
-           .getRegex(),
-         def: /^ *\[([^\]]+)\]: *<?([^\s>]+)>?(?: +(["(][^\n]+[")]))? *(?:\n+|$)/,
-         heading: /^ *(#{1,6}) *([^\n]+?) *(?:#+ *)?(?:\n+|$)/,
-         fences: noopTest$1, // fences not supported
-         paragraph: edit$1(block.normal._paragraph)
-           .replace('hr', block.hr)
-           .replace('heading', ' *#{1,6} *[^\n]')
-           .replace('lheading', block.lheading)
-           .replace('blockquote', ' {0,3}>')
-           .replace('|fences', '')
-           .replace('|list', '')
-           .replace('|html', '')
-           .getRegex()
-       });
+       var CoordRounder = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
+         function CoordRounder() {
+           _classCallCheck(this, CoordRounder);
 
-       /**
-        * Inline-Level Grammar
-        */
-       const inline = {
-         escape: /^\\([!"#$%&'()*+,\-./:;<=>?@\[\]\\^_`{|}~])/,
-         autolink: /^<(scheme:[^\s\x00-\x1f<>]*|email)>/,
-         url: noopTest$1,
-         tag: '^comment'
-           + '|^</[a-zA-Z][\\w:-]*\\s*>' // self-closing tag
-           + '|^<[a-zA-Z][\\w-]*(?:attribute)*?\\s*/?>' // open tag
-           + '|^<\\?[\\s\\S]*?\\?>' // processing instruction, e.g. <?php ?>
-           + '|^<![a-zA-Z]+\\s[\\s\\S]*?>' // declaration, e.g. <!DOCTYPE html>
-           + '|^<!\\[CDATA\\[[\\s\\S]*?\\]\\]>', // CDATA section
-         link: /^!?\[(label)\]\(\s*(href)(?:\s+(title))?\s*\)/,
-         reflink: /^!?\[(label)\]\[(?!\s*\])((?:\\[\[\]]?|[^\[\]\\])+)\]/,
-         nolink: /^!?\[(?!\s*\])((?:\[[^\[\]]*\]|\\[\[\]]|[^\[\]])*)\](?:\[\])?/,
-         strong: /^__([^\s_])__(?!_)|^\*\*([^\s*])\*\*(?!\*)|^__([^\s][\s\S]*?[^\s])__(?!_)|^\*\*([^\s][\s\S]*?[^\s])\*\*(?!\*)/,
-         em: /^_([^\s_])_(?!_)|^_([^\s_<][\s\S]*?[^\s_])_(?!_|[^\spunctuation])|^_([^\s_<][\s\S]*?[^\s])_(?!_|[^\spunctuation])|^\*([^\s*<\[])\*(?!\*)|^\*([^\s<"][\s\S]*?[^\s\[\*])\*(?![\]`punctuation])|^\*([^\s*"<\[][\s\S]*[^\s])\*(?!\*)/,
-         code: /^(`+)([^`]|[^`][\s\S]*?[^`])\1(?!`)/,
-         br: /^( {2,}|\\)\n(?!\s*$)/,
-         del: noopTest$1,
-         text: /^(`+|[^`])(?:[\s\S]*?(?:(?=[\\<!\[`*]|\b_|$)|[^ ](?= {2,}\n))|(?= {2,}\n))/
-       };
+           this.tree = new Tree(); // preseed with 0 so we don't end up with values < Number.EPSILON
 
-       // list of punctuation marks from common mark spec
-       // without ` and ] to workaround Rule 17 (inline code blocks/links)
-       inline._punctuation = '!"#$%&\'()*+\\-./:;<=>?@\\[^_{|}~';
-       inline.em = edit$1(inline.em).replace(/punctuation/g, inline._punctuation).getRegex();
+           this.round(0);
+         } // Note: this can rounds input values backwards or forwards.
+         //       You might ask, why not restrict this to just rounding
+         //       forwards? Wouldn't that allow left endpoints to always
+         //       remain left endpoints during splitting (never change to
+         //       right). No - it wouldn't, because we snap intersections
+         //       to endpoints (to establish independence from the segment
+         //       angle for t-intersections).
 
-       inline._escapes = /\\([!"#$%&'()*+,\-./:;<=>?@\[\]\\^_`{|}~])/g;
 
-       inline._scheme = /[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9+.-]{1,31}/;
-       inline._email = /[a-zA-Z0-9.!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+(@)[a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?(?:\.[a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?)+(?![-_])/;
-       inline.autolink = edit$1(inline.autolink)
-         .replace('scheme', inline._scheme)
-         .replace('email', inline._email)
-         .getRegex();
+         _createClass(CoordRounder, [{
+           key: "round",
+           value: function round(coord) {
+             var node = this.tree.add(coord);
+             var prevNode = this.tree.prev(node);
 
-       inline._attribute = /\s+[a-zA-Z:_][\w.:-]*(?:\s*=\s*"[^"]*"|\s*=\s*'[^']*'|\s*=\s*[^\s"'=<>`]+)?/;
+             if (prevNode !== null && cmp(node.key, prevNode.key) === 0) {
+               this.tree.remove(coord);
+               return prevNode.key;
+             }
 
-       inline.tag = edit$1(inline.tag)
-         .replace('comment', block._comment)
-         .replace('attribute', inline._attribute)
-         .getRegex();
+             var nextNode = this.tree.next(node);
 
-       inline._label = /(?:\[[^\[\]]*\]|\\.|`[^`]*`|[^\[\]\\`])*?/;
-       inline._href = /<(?:\\[<>]?|[^\s<>\\])*>|[^\s\x00-\x1f]*/;
-       inline._title = /"(?:\\"?|[^"\\])*"|'(?:\\'?|[^'\\])*'|\((?:\\\)?|[^)\\])*\)/;
+             if (nextNode !== null && cmp(node.key, nextNode.key) === 0) {
+               this.tree.remove(coord);
+               return nextNode.key;
+             }
 
-       inline.link = edit$1(inline.link)
-         .replace('label', inline._label)
-         .replace('href', inline._href)
-         .replace('title', inline._title)
-         .getRegex();
+             return coord;
+           }
+         }]);
 
-       inline.reflink = edit$1(inline.reflink)
-         .replace('label', inline._label)
-         .getRegex();
+         return CoordRounder;
+       }(); // singleton available by import
 
-       /**
-        * Normal Inline Grammar
-        */
 
-       inline.normal = merge$2({}, inline);
+       var rounder = new PtRounder();
+       /* Cross Product of two vectors with first point at origin */
 
-       /**
-        * Pedantic Inline Grammar
-        */
+       var crossProduct = function crossProduct(a, b) {
+         return a.x * b.y - a.y * b.x;
+       };
+       /* Dot Product of two vectors with first point at origin */
 
-       inline.pedantic = merge$2({}, inline.normal, {
-         strong: /^__(?=\S)([\s\S]*?\S)__(?!_)|^\*\*(?=\S)([\s\S]*?\S)\*\*(?!\*)/,
-         em: /^_(?=\S)([\s\S]*?\S)_(?!_)|^\*(?=\S)([\s\S]*?\S)\*(?!\*)/,
-         link: edit$1(/^!?\[(label)\]\((.*?)\)/)
-           .replace('label', inline._label)
-           .getRegex(),
-         reflink: edit$1(/^!?\[(label)\]\s*\[([^\]]*)\]/)
-           .replace('label', inline._label)
-           .getRegex()
-       });
 
-       /**
-        * GFM Inline Grammar
-        */
+       var dotProduct = function dotProduct(a, b) {
+         return a.x * b.x + a.y * b.y;
+       };
+       /* Comparator for two vectors with same starting point */
 
-       inline.gfm = merge$2({}, inline.normal, {
-         escape: edit$1(inline.escape).replace('])', '~|])').getRegex(),
-         _extended_email: /[A-Za-z0-9._+-]+(@)[a-zA-Z0-9-_]+(?:\.[a-zA-Z0-9-_]*[a-zA-Z0-9])+(?![-_])/,
-         url: /^((?:ftp|https?):\/\/|www\.)(?:[a-zA-Z0-9\-]+\.?)+[^\s<]*|^email/,
-         _backpedal: /(?:[^?!.,:;*_~()&]+|\([^)]*\)|&(?![a-zA-Z0-9]+;$)|[?!.,:;*_~)]+(?!$))+/,
-         del: /^~+(?=\S)([\s\S]*?\S)~+/,
-         text: /^(`+|[^`])(?:[\s\S]*?(?:(?=[\\<!\[`*~]|\b_|https?:\/\/|ftp:\/\/|www\.|$)|[^ ](?= {2,}\n)|[^a-zA-Z0-9.!#$%&'*+\/=?_`{\|}~-](?=[a-zA-Z0-9.!#$%&'*+\/=?_`{\|}~-]+@))|(?= {2,}\n|[a-zA-Z0-9.!#$%&'*+\/=?_`{\|}~-]+@))/
-       });
 
-       inline.gfm.url = edit$1(inline.gfm.url, 'i')
-         .replace('email', inline.gfm._extended_email)
-         .getRegex();
-       /**
-        * GFM + Line Breaks Inline Grammar
-        */
+       var compareVectorAngles = function compareVectorAngles(basePt, endPt1, endPt2) {
+         var v1 = {
+           x: endPt1.x - basePt.x,
+           y: endPt1.y - basePt.y
+         };
+         var v2 = {
+           x: endPt2.x - basePt.x,
+           y: endPt2.y - basePt.y
+         };
+         var kross = crossProduct(v1, v2);
+         return cmp(kross, 0);
+       };
 
-       inline.breaks = merge$2({}, inline.gfm, {
-         br: edit$1(inline.br).replace('{2,}', '*').getRegex(),
-         text: edit$1(inline.gfm.text)
-           .replace('\\b_', '\\b_| {2,}\\n')
-           .replace(/\{2,\}/g, '*')
-           .getRegex()
-       });
+       var length = function length(v) {
+         return Math.sqrt(dotProduct(v, v));
+       };
+       /* Get the sine of the angle from pShared -> pAngle to pShaed -> pBase */
 
-       var rules = {
-         block,
-         inline
+
+       var sineOfAngle = function sineOfAngle(pShared, pBase, pAngle) {
+         var vBase = {
+           x: pBase.x - pShared.x,
+           y: pBase.y - pShared.y
+         };
+         var vAngle = {
+           x: pAngle.x - pShared.x,
+           y: pAngle.y - pShared.y
+         };
+         return crossProduct(vAngle, vBase) / length(vAngle) / length(vBase);
        };
+       /* Get the cosine of the angle from pShared -> pAngle to pShaed -> pBase */
 
-       const { defaults: defaults$2 } = defaults;
-       const { block: block$1, inline: inline$1 } = rules;
 
-       /**
-        * smartypants text replacement
-        */
-       function smartypants(text) {
-         return text
-           // em-dashes
-           .replace(/---/g, '\u2014')
-           // en-dashes
-           .replace(/--/g, '\u2013')
-           // opening singles
-           .replace(/(^|[-\u2014/(\[{"\s])'/g, '$1\u2018')
-           // closing singles & apostrophes
-           .replace(/'/g, '\u2019')
-           // opening doubles
-           .replace(/(^|[-\u2014/(\[{\u2018\s])"/g, '$1\u201c')
-           // closing doubles
-           .replace(/"/g, '\u201d')
-           // ellipses
-           .replace(/\.{3}/g, '\u2026');
-       }
+       var cosineOfAngle = function cosineOfAngle(pShared, pBase, pAngle) {
+         var vBase = {
+           x: pBase.x - pShared.x,
+           y: pBase.y - pShared.y
+         };
+         var vAngle = {
+           x: pAngle.x - pShared.x,
+           y: pAngle.y - pShared.y
+         };
+         return dotProduct(vAngle, vBase) / length(vAngle) / length(vBase);
+       };
+       /* Get the x coordinate where the given line (defined by a point and vector)
+        * crosses the horizontal line with the given y coordiante.
+        * In the case of parrallel lines (including overlapping ones) returns null. */
 
-       /**
-        * mangle email addresses
-        */
-       function mangle(text) {
-         let out = '',
-           i,
-           ch;
 
-         const l = text.length;
-         for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
-           ch = text.charCodeAt(i);
-           if (Math.random() > 0.5) {
-             ch = 'x' + ch.toString(16);
-           }
-           out += '&#' + ch + ';';
-         }
+       var horizontalIntersection = function horizontalIntersection(pt, v, y) {
+         if (v.y === 0) return null;
+         return {
+           x: pt.x + v.x / v.y * (y - pt.y),
+           y: y
+         };
+       };
+       /* Get the y coordinate where the given line (defined by a point and vector)
+        * crosses the vertical line with the given x coordiante.
+        * In the case of parrallel lines (including overlapping ones) returns null. */
 
-         return out;
-       }
 
-       /**
-        * Block Lexer
-        */
-       var Lexer_1 = class Lexer {
-         constructor(options) {
-           this.tokens = [];
-           this.tokens.links = Object.create(null);
-           this.options = options || defaults$2;
-           this.options.tokenizer = this.options.tokenizer || new Tokenizer_1();
-           this.tokenizer = this.options.tokenizer;
-           this.tokenizer.options = this.options;
+       var verticalIntersection = function verticalIntersection(pt, v, x) {
+         if (v.x === 0) return null;
+         return {
+           x: x,
+           y: pt.y + v.y / v.x * (x - pt.x)
+         };
+       };
+       /* Get the intersection of two lines, each defined by a base point and a vector.
+        * In the case of parrallel lines (including overlapping ones) returns null. */
+
+
+       var intersection = function intersection(pt1, v1, pt2, v2) {
+         // take some shortcuts for vertical and horizontal lines
+         // this also ensures we don't calculate an intersection and then discover
+         // it's actually outside the bounding box of the line
+         if (v1.x === 0) return verticalIntersection(pt2, v2, pt1.x);
+         if (v2.x === 0) return verticalIntersection(pt1, v1, pt2.x);
+         if (v1.y === 0) return horizontalIntersection(pt2, v2, pt1.y);
+         if (v2.y === 0) return horizontalIntersection(pt1, v1, pt2.y); // General case for non-overlapping segments.
+         // This algorithm is based on Schneider and Eberly.
+         // http://www.cimec.org.ar/~ncalvo/Schneider_Eberly.pdf - pg 244
+
+         var kross = crossProduct(v1, v2);
+         if (kross == 0) return null;
+         var ve = {
+           x: pt2.x - pt1.x,
+           y: pt2.y - pt1.y
+         };
+         var d1 = crossProduct(ve, v1) / kross;
+         var d2 = crossProduct(ve, v2) / kross; // take the average of the two calculations to minimize rounding error
+
+         var x1 = pt1.x + d2 * v1.x,
+             x2 = pt2.x + d1 * v2.x;
+         var y1 = pt1.y + d2 * v1.y,
+             y2 = pt2.y + d1 * v2.y;
+         var x = (x1 + x2) / 2;
+         var y = (y1 + y2) / 2;
+         return {
+           x: x,
+           y: y
+         };
+       };
 
-           const rules = {
-             block: block$1.normal,
-             inline: inline$1.normal
-           };
+       var SweepEvent = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
+         _createClass(SweepEvent, null, [{
+           key: "compare",
+           // for ordering sweep events in the sweep event queue
+           value: function compare(a, b) {
+             // favor event with a point that the sweep line hits first
+             var ptCmp = SweepEvent.comparePoints(a.point, b.point);
+             if (ptCmp !== 0) return ptCmp; // the points are the same, so link them if needed
 
-           if (this.options.pedantic) {
-             rules.block = block$1.pedantic;
-             rules.inline = inline$1.pedantic;
-           } else if (this.options.gfm) {
-             rules.block = block$1.gfm;
-             if (this.options.breaks) {
-               rules.inline = inline$1.breaks;
-             } else {
-               rules.inline = inline$1.gfm;
-             }
-           }
-           this.tokenizer.rules = rules;
-         }
+             if (a.point !== b.point) a.link(b); // favor right events over left
 
-         /**
-          * Expose Rules
-          */
-         static get rules() {
-           return {
-             block: block$1,
-             inline: inline$1
-           };
-         }
+             if (a.isLeft !== b.isLeft) return a.isLeft ? 1 : -1; // we have two matching left or right endpoints
+             // ordering of this case is the same as for their segments
 
-         /**
-          * Static Lex Method
-          */
-         static lex(src, options) {
-           const lexer = new Lexer(options);
-           return lexer.lex(src);
-         }
+             return Segment.compare(a.segment, b.segment);
+           } // for ordering points in sweep line order
 
-         /**
-          * Preprocessing
-          */
-         lex(src) {
-           src = src
-             .replace(/\r\n|\r/g, '\n')
-             .replace(/\t/g, '    ');
+         }, {
+           key: "comparePoints",
+           value: function comparePoints(aPt, bPt) {
+             if (aPt.x < bPt.x) return -1;
+             if (aPt.x > bPt.x) return 1;
+             if (aPt.y < bPt.y) return -1;
+             if (aPt.y > bPt.y) return 1;
+             return 0;
+           } // Warning: 'point' input will be modified and re-used (for performance)
 
-           this.blockTokens(src, this.tokens, true);
+         }]);
 
-           this.inline(this.tokens);
+         function SweepEvent(point, isLeft) {
+           _classCallCheck(this, SweepEvent);
 
-           return this.tokens;
+           if (point.events === undefined) point.events = [this];else point.events.push(this);
+           this.point = point;
+           this.isLeft = isLeft; // this.segment, this.otherSE set by factory
          }
 
-         /**
-          * Lexing
-          */
-         blockTokens(src, tokens = [], top = true) {
-           src = src.replace(/^ +$/gm, '');
-           let token, i, l;
-
-           while (src) {
-             // newline
-             if (token = this.tokenizer.space(src)) {
-               src = src.substring(token.raw.length);
-               if (token.type) {
-                 tokens.push(token);
-               }
-               continue;
-             }
-
-             // code
-             if (token = this.tokenizer.code(src, tokens)) {
-               src = src.substring(token.raw.length);
-               tokens.push(token);
-               continue;
+         _createClass(SweepEvent, [{
+           key: "link",
+           value: function link(other) {
+             if (other.point === this.point) {
+               throw new Error('Tried to link already linked events');
              }
 
-             // fences
-             if (token = this.tokenizer.fences(src)) {
-               src = src.substring(token.raw.length);
-               tokens.push(token);
-               continue;
-             }
+             var otherEvents = other.point.events;
 
-             // heading
-             if (token = this.tokenizer.heading(src)) {
-               src = src.substring(token.raw.length);
-               tokens.push(token);
-               continue;
+             for (var i = 0, iMax = otherEvents.length; i < iMax; i++) {
+               var evt = otherEvents[i];
+               this.point.events.push(evt);
+               evt.point = this.point;
              }
 
-             // table no leading pipe (gfm)
-             if (token = this.tokenizer.nptable(src)) {
-               src = src.substring(token.raw.length);
-               tokens.push(token);
-               continue;
-             }
+             this.checkForConsuming();
+           }
+           /* Do a pass over our linked events and check to see if any pair
+            * of segments match, and should be consumed. */
 
-             // hr
-             if (token = this.tokenizer.hr(src)) {
-               src = src.substring(token.raw.length);
-               tokens.push(token);
-               continue;
-             }
+         }, {
+           key: "checkForConsuming",
+           value: function checkForConsuming() {
+             // FIXME: The loops in this method run O(n^2) => no good.
+             //        Maintain little ordered sweep event trees?
+             //        Can we maintaining an ordering that avoids the need
+             //        for the re-sorting with getLeftmostComparator in geom-out?
+             // Compare each pair of events to see if other events also match
+             var numEvents = this.point.events.length;
 
-             // blockquote
-             if (token = this.tokenizer.blockquote(src)) {
-               src = src.substring(token.raw.length);
-               token.tokens = this.blockTokens(token.text, [], top);
-               tokens.push(token);
-               continue;
-             }
+             for (var i = 0; i < numEvents; i++) {
+               var evt1 = this.point.events[i];
+               if (evt1.segment.consumedBy !== undefined) continue;
 
-             // list
-             if (token = this.tokenizer.list(src)) {
-               src = src.substring(token.raw.length);
-               l = token.items.length;
-               for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
-                 token.items[i].tokens = this.blockTokens(token.items[i].text, [], false);
+               for (var j = i + 1; j < numEvents; j++) {
+                 var evt2 = this.point.events[j];
+                 if (evt2.consumedBy !== undefined) continue;
+                 if (evt1.otherSE.point.events !== evt2.otherSE.point.events) continue;
+                 evt1.segment.consume(evt2.segment);
                }
-               tokens.push(token);
-               continue;
              }
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "getAvailableLinkedEvents",
+           value: function getAvailableLinkedEvents() {
+             // point.events is always of length 2 or greater
+             var events = [];
 
-             // html
-             if (token = this.tokenizer.html(src)) {
-               src = src.substring(token.raw.length);
-               tokens.push(token);
-               continue;
-             }
+             for (var i = 0, iMax = this.point.events.length; i < iMax; i++) {
+               var evt = this.point.events[i];
 
-             // def
-             if (top && (token = this.tokenizer.def(src))) {
-               src = src.substring(token.raw.length);
-               if (!this.tokens.links[token.tag]) {
-                 this.tokens.links[token.tag] = {
-                   href: token.href,
-                   title: token.title
-                 };
+               if (evt !== this && !evt.segment.ringOut && evt.segment.isInResult()) {
+                 events.push(evt);
                }
-               continue;
              }
 
-             // table (gfm)
-             if (token = this.tokenizer.table(src)) {
-               src = src.substring(token.raw.length);
-               tokens.push(token);
-               continue;
-             }
+             return events;
+           }
+           /**
+            * Returns a comparator function for sorting linked events that will
+            * favor the event that will give us the smallest left-side angle.
+            * All ring construction starts as low as possible heading to the right,
+            * so by always turning left as sharp as possible we'll get polygons
+            * without uncessary loops & holes.
+            *
+            * The comparator function has a compute cache such that it avoids
+            * re-computing already-computed values.
+            */
 
-             // lheading
-             if (token = this.tokenizer.lheading(src)) {
-               src = src.substring(token.raw.length);
-               tokens.push(token);
-               continue;
-             }
+         }, {
+           key: "getLeftmostComparator",
+           value: function getLeftmostComparator(baseEvent) {
+             var _this = this;
 
-             // top-level paragraph
-             if (top && (token = this.tokenizer.paragraph(src))) {
-               src = src.substring(token.raw.length);
-               tokens.push(token);
-               continue;
-             }
+             var cache = new Map();
 
-             // text
-             if (token = this.tokenizer.text(src)) {
-               src = src.substring(token.raw.length);
-               tokens.push(token);
-               continue;
-             }
+             var fillCache = function fillCache(linkedEvent) {
+               var nextEvent = linkedEvent.otherSE;
+               cache.set(linkedEvent, {
+                 sine: sineOfAngle(_this.point, baseEvent.point, nextEvent.point),
+                 cosine: cosineOfAngle(_this.point, baseEvent.point, nextEvent.point)
+               });
+             };
 
-             if (src) {
-               const errMsg = 'Infinite loop on byte: ' + src.charCodeAt(0);
-               if (this.options.silent) {
-                 console.error(errMsg);
-                 break;
-               } else {
-                 throw new Error(errMsg);
-               }
-             }
-           }
+             return function (a, b) {
+               if (!cache.has(a)) fillCache(a);
+               if (!cache.has(b)) fillCache(b);
 
-           return tokens;
-         }
+               var _cache$get = cache.get(a),
+                   asine = _cache$get.sine,
+                   acosine = _cache$get.cosine;
 
-         inline(tokens) {
-           let i,
-             j,
-             k,
-             l2,
-             row,
-             token;
+               var _cache$get2 = cache.get(b),
+                   bsine = _cache$get2.sine,
+                   bcosine = _cache$get2.cosine; // both on or above x-axis
 
-           const l = tokens.length;
-           for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
-             token = tokens[i];
-             switch (token.type) {
-               case 'paragraph':
-               case 'text':
-               case 'heading': {
-                 token.tokens = [];
-                 this.inlineTokens(token.text, token.tokens);
-                 break;
-               }
-               case 'table': {
-                 token.tokens = {
-                   header: [],
-                   cells: []
-                 };
 
-                 // header
-                 l2 = token.header.length;
-                 for (j = 0; j < l2; j++) {
-                   token.tokens.header[j] = [];
-                   this.inlineTokens(token.header[j], token.tokens.header[j]);
-                 }
+               if (asine >= 0 && bsine >= 0) {
+                 if (acosine < bcosine) return 1;
+                 if (acosine > bcosine) return -1;
+                 return 0;
+               } // both below x-axis
 
-                 // cells
-                 l2 = token.cells.length;
-                 for (j = 0; j < l2; j++) {
-                   row = token.cells[j];
-                   token.tokens.cells[j] = [];
-                   for (k = 0; k < row.length; k++) {
-                     token.tokens.cells[j][k] = [];
-                     this.inlineTokens(row[k], token.tokens.cells[j][k]);
-                   }
-                 }
 
-                 break;
-               }
-               case 'blockquote': {
-                 this.inline(token.tokens);
-                 break;
-               }
-               case 'list': {
-                 l2 = token.items.length;
-                 for (j = 0; j < l2; j++) {
-                   this.inline(token.items[j].tokens);
-                 }
-                 break;
-               }
-             }
+               if (asine < 0 && bsine < 0) {
+                 if (acosine < bcosine) return -1;
+                 if (acosine > bcosine) return 1;
+                 return 0;
+               } // one above x-axis, one below
+
+
+               if (bsine < asine) return -1;
+               if (bsine > asine) return 1;
+               return 0;
+             };
            }
+         }]);
 
-           return tokens;
-         }
+         return SweepEvent;
+       }(); // segments and sweep events when all else is identical
 
-         /**
-          * Lexing/Compiling
-          */
-         inlineTokens(src, tokens = [], inLink = false, inRawBlock = false) {
-           let token;
-
-           while (src) {
-             // escape
-             if (token = this.tokenizer.escape(src)) {
-               src = src.substring(token.raw.length);
-               tokens.push(token);
-               continue;
-             }
 
-             // tag
-             if (token = this.tokenizer.tag(src, inLink, inRawBlock)) {
-               src = src.substring(token.raw.length);
-               inLink = token.inLink;
-               inRawBlock = token.inRawBlock;
-               tokens.push(token);
-               continue;
-             }
+       var segmentId = 0;
 
-             // link
-             if (token = this.tokenizer.link(src)) {
-               src = src.substring(token.raw.length);
-               if (token.type === 'link') {
-                 token.tokens = this.inlineTokens(token.text, [], true, inRawBlock);
-               }
-               tokens.push(token);
-               continue;
-             }
+       var Segment = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
+         _createClass(Segment, null, [{
+           key: "compare",
 
-             // reflink, nolink
-             if (token = this.tokenizer.reflink(src, this.tokens.links)) {
-               src = src.substring(token.raw.length);
-               if (token.type === 'link') {
-                 token.tokens = this.inlineTokens(token.text, [], true, inRawBlock);
-               }
-               tokens.push(token);
-               continue;
-             }
+           /* This compare() function is for ordering segments in the sweep
+            * line tree, and does so according to the following criteria:
+            *
+            * Consider the vertical line that lies an infinestimal step to the
+            * right of the right-more of the two left endpoints of the input
+            * segments. Imagine slowly moving a point up from negative infinity
+            * in the increasing y direction. Which of the two segments will that
+            * point intersect first? That segment comes 'before' the other one.
+            *
+            * If neither segment would be intersected by such a line, (if one
+            * or more of the segments are vertical) then the line to be considered
+            * is directly on the right-more of the two left inputs.
+            */
+           value: function compare(a, b) {
+             var alx = a.leftSE.point.x;
+             var blx = b.leftSE.point.x;
+             var arx = a.rightSE.point.x;
+             var brx = b.rightSE.point.x; // check if they're even in the same vertical plane
+
+             if (brx < alx) return 1;
+             if (arx < blx) return -1;
+             var aly = a.leftSE.point.y;
+             var bly = b.leftSE.point.y;
+             var ary = a.rightSE.point.y;
+             var bry = b.rightSE.point.y; // is left endpoint of segment B the right-more?
+
+             if (alx < blx) {
+               // are the two segments in the same horizontal plane?
+               if (bly < aly && bly < ary) return 1;
+               if (bly > aly && bly > ary) return -1; // is the B left endpoint colinear to segment A?
+
+               var aCmpBLeft = a.comparePoint(b.leftSE.point);
+               if (aCmpBLeft < 0) return 1;
+               if (aCmpBLeft > 0) return -1; // is the A right endpoint colinear to segment B ?
+
+               var bCmpARight = b.comparePoint(a.rightSE.point);
+               if (bCmpARight !== 0) return bCmpARight; // colinear segments, consider the one with left-more
+               // left endpoint to be first (arbitrary?)
 
-             // strong
-             if (token = this.tokenizer.strong(src)) {
-               src = src.substring(token.raw.length);
-               token.tokens = this.inlineTokens(token.text, [], inLink, inRawBlock);
-               tokens.push(token);
-               continue;
-             }
+               return -1;
+             } // is left endpoint of segment A the right-more?
 
-             // em
-             if (token = this.tokenizer.em(src)) {
-               src = src.substring(token.raw.length);
-               token.tokens = this.inlineTokens(token.text, [], inLink, inRawBlock);
-               tokens.push(token);
-               continue;
-             }
 
-             // code
-             if (token = this.tokenizer.codespan(src)) {
-               src = src.substring(token.raw.length);
-               tokens.push(token);
-               continue;
-             }
+             if (alx > blx) {
+               if (aly < bly && aly < bry) return -1;
+               if (aly > bly && aly > bry) return 1; // is the A left endpoint colinear to segment B?
 
-             // br
-             if (token = this.tokenizer.br(src)) {
-               src = src.substring(token.raw.length);
-               tokens.push(token);
-               continue;
-             }
+               var bCmpALeft = b.comparePoint(a.leftSE.point);
+               if (bCmpALeft !== 0) return bCmpALeft; // is the B right endpoint colinear to segment A?
 
-             // del (gfm)
-             if (token = this.tokenizer.del(src)) {
-               src = src.substring(token.raw.length);
-               token.tokens = this.inlineTokens(token.text, [], inLink, inRawBlock);
-               tokens.push(token);
-               continue;
-             }
+               var aCmpBRight = a.comparePoint(b.rightSE.point);
+               if (aCmpBRight < 0) return 1;
+               if (aCmpBRight > 0) return -1; // colinear segments, consider the one with left-more
+               // left endpoint to be first (arbitrary?)
 
-             // autolink
-             if (token = this.tokenizer.autolink(src, mangle)) {
-               src = src.substring(token.raw.length);
-               tokens.push(token);
-               continue;
-             }
+               return 1;
+             } // if we get here, the two left endpoints are in the same
+             // vertical plane, ie alx === blx
+             // consider the lower left-endpoint to come first
 
-             // url (gfm)
-             if (!inLink && (token = this.tokenizer.url(src, mangle))) {
-               src = src.substring(token.raw.length);
-               tokens.push(token);
-               continue;
-             }
 
-             // text
-             if (token = this.tokenizer.inlineText(src, inRawBlock, smartypants)) {
-               src = src.substring(token.raw.length);
-               tokens.push(token);
-               continue;
-             }
+             if (aly < bly) return -1;
+             if (aly > bly) return 1; // left endpoints are identical
+             // check for colinearity by using the left-more right endpoint
+             // is the A right endpoint more left-more?
 
-             if (src) {
-               const errMsg = 'Infinite loop on byte: ' + src.charCodeAt(0);
-               if (this.options.silent) {
-                 console.error(errMsg);
-                 break;
-               } else {
-                 throw new Error(errMsg);
-               }
-             }
-           }
+             if (arx < brx) {
+               var _bCmpARight = b.comparePoint(a.rightSE.point);
 
-           return tokens;
-         }
-       };
+               if (_bCmpARight !== 0) return _bCmpARight;
+             } // is the B right endpoint more left-more?
 
-       const { defaults: defaults$3 } = defaults;
-       const {
-         cleanUrl: cleanUrl$1,
-         escape: escape$3
-       } = helpers;
 
-       /**
-        * Renderer
-        */
-       var Renderer_1 = class Renderer {
-         constructor(options) {
-           this.options = options || defaults$3;
-         }
+             if (arx > brx) {
+               var _aCmpBRight = a.comparePoint(b.rightSE.point);
 
-         code(code, infostring, escaped) {
-           const lang = (infostring || '').match(/\S*/)[0];
-           if (this.options.highlight) {
-             const out = this.options.highlight(code, lang);
-             if (out != null && out !== code) {
-               escaped = true;
-               code = out;
+               if (_aCmpBRight < 0) return 1;
+               if (_aCmpBRight > 0) return -1;
              }
-           }
 
-           if (!lang) {
-             return '<pre><code>'
-               + (escaped ? code : escape$3(code, true))
-               + '</code></pre>';
+             if (arx !== brx) {
+               // are these two [almost] vertical segments with opposite orientation?
+               // if so, the one with the lower right endpoint comes first
+               var ay = ary - aly;
+               var ax = arx - alx;
+               var by = bry - bly;
+               var bx = brx - blx;
+               if (ay > ax && by < bx) return 1;
+               if (ay < ax && by > bx) return -1;
+             } // we have colinear segments with matching orientation
+             // consider the one with more left-more right endpoint to be first
+
+
+             if (arx > brx) return 1;
+             if (arx < brx) return -1; // if we get here, two two right endpoints are in the same
+             // vertical plane, ie arx === brx
+             // consider the lower right-endpoint to come first
+
+             if (ary < bry) return -1;
+             if (ary > bry) return 1; // right endpoints identical as well, so the segments are idential
+             // fall back on creation order as consistent tie-breaker
+
+             if (a.id < b.id) return -1;
+             if (a.id > b.id) return 1; // identical segment, ie a === b
+
+             return 0;
            }
+           /* Warning: a reference to ringWindings input will be stored,
+            *  and possibly will be later modified */
 
-           return '<pre><code class="'
-             + this.options.langPrefix
-             + escape$3(lang, true)
-             + '">'
-             + (escaped ? code : escape$3(code, true))
-             + '</code></pre>\n';
-         }
+         }]);
 
-         blockquote(quote) {
-           return '<blockquote>\n' + quote + '</blockquote>\n';
-         }
+         function Segment(leftSE, rightSE, rings, windings) {
+           _classCallCheck(this, Segment);
 
-         html(html) {
-           return html;
+           this.id = ++segmentId;
+           this.leftSE = leftSE;
+           leftSE.segment = this;
+           leftSE.otherSE = rightSE;
+           this.rightSE = rightSE;
+           rightSE.segment = this;
+           rightSE.otherSE = leftSE;
+           this.rings = rings;
+           this.windings = windings; // left unset for performance, set later in algorithm
+           // this.ringOut, this.consumedBy, this.prev
          }
 
-         heading(text, level, raw, slugger) {
-           if (this.options.headerIds) {
-             return '<h'
-               + level
-               + ' id="'
-               + this.options.headerPrefix
-               + slugger.slug(raw)
-               + '">'
-               + text
-               + '</h'
-               + level
-               + '>\n';
+         _createClass(Segment, [{
+           key: "replaceRightSE",
+
+           /* When a segment is split, the rightSE is replaced with a new sweep event */
+           value: function replaceRightSE(newRightSE) {
+             this.rightSE = newRightSE;
+             this.rightSE.segment = this;
+             this.rightSE.otherSE = this.leftSE;
+             this.leftSE.otherSE = this.rightSE;
            }
-           // ignore IDs
-           return '<h' + level + '>' + text + '</h' + level + '>\n';
-         }
+         }, {
+           key: "bbox",
+           value: function bbox() {
+             var y1 = this.leftSE.point.y;
+             var y2 = this.rightSE.point.y;
+             return {
+               ll: {
+                 x: this.leftSE.point.x,
+                 y: y1 < y2 ? y1 : y2
+               },
+               ur: {
+                 x: this.rightSE.point.x,
+                 y: y1 > y2 ? y1 : y2
+               }
+             };
+           }
+           /* A vector from the left point to the right */
 
-         hr() {
-           return this.options.xhtml ? '<hr/>\n' : '<hr>\n';
-         }
+         }, {
+           key: "vector",
+           value: function vector() {
+             return {
+               x: this.rightSE.point.x - this.leftSE.point.x,
+               y: this.rightSE.point.y - this.leftSE.point.y
+             };
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "isAnEndpoint",
+           value: function isAnEndpoint(pt) {
+             return pt.x === this.leftSE.point.x && pt.y === this.leftSE.point.y || pt.x === this.rightSE.point.x && pt.y === this.rightSE.point.y;
+           }
+           /* Compare this segment with a point.
+            *
+            * A point P is considered to be colinear to a segment if there
+            * exists a distance D such that if we travel along the segment
+            * from one * endpoint towards the other a distance D, we find
+            * ourselves at point P.
+            *
+            * Return value indicates:
+            *
+            *   1: point lies above the segment (to the left of vertical)
+            *   0: point is colinear to segment
+            *  -1: point lies below the segment (to the right of vertical)
+            */
 
-         list(body, ordered, start) {
-           const type = ordered ? 'ol' : 'ul',
-             startatt = (ordered && start !== 1) ? (' start="' + start + '"') : '';
-           return '<' + type + startatt + '>\n' + body + '</' + type + '>\n';
-         }
+         }, {
+           key: "comparePoint",
+           value: function comparePoint(point) {
+             if (this.isAnEndpoint(point)) return 0;
+             var lPt = this.leftSE.point;
+             var rPt = this.rightSE.point;
+             var v = this.vector(); // Exactly vertical segments.
+
+             if (lPt.x === rPt.x) {
+               if (point.x === lPt.x) return 0;
+               return point.x < lPt.x ? 1 : -1;
+             } // Nearly vertical segments with an intersection.
+             // Check to see where a point on the line with matching Y coordinate is.
+
+
+             var yDist = (point.y - lPt.y) / v.y;
+             var xFromYDist = lPt.x + yDist * v.x;
+             if (point.x === xFromYDist) return 0; // General case.
+             // Check to see where a point on the line with matching X coordinate is.
+
+             var xDist = (point.x - lPt.x) / v.x;
+             var yFromXDist = lPt.y + xDist * v.y;
+             if (point.y === yFromXDist) return 0;
+             return point.y < yFromXDist ? -1 : 1;
+           }
+           /**
+            * Given another segment, returns the first non-trivial intersection
+            * between the two segments (in terms of sweep line ordering), if it exists.
+            *
+            * A 'non-trivial' intersection is one that will cause one or both of the
+            * segments to be split(). As such, 'trivial' vs. 'non-trivial' intersection:
+            *
+            *   * endpoint of segA with endpoint of segB --> trivial
+            *   * endpoint of segA with point along segB --> non-trivial
+            *   * endpoint of segB with point along segA --> non-trivial
+            *   * point along segA with point along segB --> non-trivial
+            *
+            * If no non-trivial intersection exists, return null
+            * Else, return null.
+            */
 
-         listitem(text) {
-           return '<li>' + text + '</li>\n';
-         }
+         }, {
+           key: "getIntersection",
+           value: function getIntersection(other) {
+             // If bboxes don't overlap, there can't be any intersections
+             var tBbox = this.bbox();
+             var oBbox = other.bbox();
+             var bboxOverlap = getBboxOverlap(tBbox, oBbox);
+             if (bboxOverlap === null) return null; // We first check to see if the endpoints can be considered intersections.
+             // This will 'snap' intersections to endpoints if possible, and will
+             // handle cases of colinearity.
+
+             var tlp = this.leftSE.point;
+             var trp = this.rightSE.point;
+             var olp = other.leftSE.point;
+             var orp = other.rightSE.point; // does each endpoint touch the other segment?
+             // note that we restrict the 'touching' definition to only allow segments
+             // to touch endpoints that lie forward from where we are in the sweep line pass
+
+             var touchesOtherLSE = isInBbox(tBbox, olp) && this.comparePoint(olp) === 0;
+             var touchesThisLSE = isInBbox(oBbox, tlp) && other.comparePoint(tlp) === 0;
+             var touchesOtherRSE = isInBbox(tBbox, orp) && this.comparePoint(orp) === 0;
+             var touchesThisRSE = isInBbox(oBbox, trp) && other.comparePoint(trp) === 0; // do left endpoints match?
+
+             if (touchesThisLSE && touchesOtherLSE) {
+               // these two cases are for colinear segments with matching left
+               // endpoints, and one segment being longer than the other
+               if (touchesThisRSE && !touchesOtherRSE) return trp;
+               if (!touchesThisRSE && touchesOtherRSE) return orp; // either the two segments match exactly (two trival intersections)
+               // or just on their left endpoint (one trivial intersection
 
-         checkbox(checked) {
-           return '<input '
-             + (checked ? 'checked="" ' : '')
-             + 'disabled="" type="checkbox"'
-             + (this.options.xhtml ? ' /' : '')
-             + '> ';
-         }
+               return null;
+             } // does this left endpoint matches (other doesn't)
 
-         paragraph(text) {
-           return '<p>' + text + '</p>\n';
-         }
 
-         table(header, body) {
-           if (body) body = '<tbody>' + body + '</tbody>';
+             if (touchesThisLSE) {
+               // check for segments that just intersect on opposing endpoints
+               if (touchesOtherRSE) {
+                 if (tlp.x === orp.x && tlp.y === orp.y) return null;
+               } // t-intersection on left endpoint
 
-           return '<table>\n'
-             + '<thead>\n'
-             + header
-             + '</thead>\n'
-             + body
-             + '</table>\n';
-         }
 
-         tablerow(content) {
-           return '<tr>\n' + content + '</tr>\n';
-         }
+               return tlp;
+             } // does other left endpoint matches (this doesn't)
 
-         tablecell(content, flags) {
-           const type = flags.header ? 'th' : 'td';
-           const tag = flags.align
-             ? '<' + type + ' align="' + flags.align + '">'
-             : '<' + type + '>';
-           return tag + content + '</' + type + '>\n';
-         }
 
-         // span level renderer
-         strong(text) {
-           return '<strong>' + text + '</strong>';
-         }
+             if (touchesOtherLSE) {
+               // check for segments that just intersect on opposing endpoints
+               if (touchesThisRSE) {
+                 if (trp.x === olp.x && trp.y === olp.y) return null;
+               } // t-intersection on left endpoint
 
-         em(text) {
-           return '<em>' + text + '</em>';
-         }
 
-         codespan(text) {
-           return '<code>' + text + '</code>';
-         }
+               return olp;
+             } // trivial intersection on right endpoints
 
-         br() {
-           return this.options.xhtml ? '<br/>' : '<br>';
-         }
 
-         del(text) {
-           return '<del>' + text + '</del>';
-         }
+             if (touchesThisRSE && touchesOtherRSE) return null; // t-intersections on just one right endpoint
 
-         link(href, title, text) {
-           href = cleanUrl$1(this.options.sanitize, this.options.baseUrl, href);
-           if (href === null) {
-             return text;
-           }
-           let out = '<a href="' + escape$3(href) + '"';
-           if (title) {
-             out += ' title="' + title + '"';
+             if (touchesThisRSE) return trp;
+             if (touchesOtherRSE) return orp; // None of our endpoints intersect. Look for a general intersection between
+             // infinite lines laid over the segments
+
+             var pt = intersection(tlp, this.vector(), olp, other.vector()); // are the segments parrallel? Note that if they were colinear with overlap,
+             // they would have an endpoint intersection and that case was already handled above
+
+             if (pt === null) return null; // is the intersection found between the lines not on the segments?
+
+             if (!isInBbox(bboxOverlap, pt)) return null; // round the the computed point if needed
+
+             return rounder.round(pt.x, pt.y);
            }
-           out += '>' + text + '</a>';
-           return out;
-         }
+           /**
+            * Split the given segment into multiple segments on the given points.
+            *  * Each existing segment will retain its leftSE and a new rightSE will be
+            *    generated for it.
+            *  * A new segment will be generated which will adopt the original segment's
+            *    rightSE, and a new leftSE will be generated for it.
+            *  * If there are more than two points given to split on, new segments
+            *    in the middle will be generated with new leftSE and rightSE's.
+            *  * An array of the newly generated SweepEvents will be returned.
+            *
+            * Warning: input array of points is modified
+            */
 
-         image(href, title, text) {
-           href = cleanUrl$1(this.options.sanitize, this.options.baseUrl, href);
-           if (href === null) {
-             return text;
+         }, {
+           key: "split",
+           value: function split(point) {
+             var newEvents = [];
+             var alreadyLinked = point.events !== undefined;
+             var newLeftSE = new SweepEvent(point, true);
+             var newRightSE = new SweepEvent(point, false);
+             var oldRightSE = this.rightSE;
+             this.replaceRightSE(newRightSE);
+             newEvents.push(newRightSE);
+             newEvents.push(newLeftSE);
+             var newSeg = new Segment(newLeftSE, oldRightSE, this.rings.slice(), this.windings.slice()); // when splitting a nearly vertical downward-facing segment,
+             // sometimes one of the resulting new segments is vertical, in which
+             // case its left and right events may need to be swapped
+
+             if (SweepEvent.comparePoints(newSeg.leftSE.point, newSeg.rightSE.point) > 0) {
+               newSeg.swapEvents();
+             }
+
+             if (SweepEvent.comparePoints(this.leftSE.point, this.rightSE.point) > 0) {
+               this.swapEvents();
+             } // in the point we just used to create new sweep events with was already
+             // linked to other events, we need to check if either of the affected
+             // segments should be consumed
+
+
+             if (alreadyLinked) {
+               newLeftSE.checkForConsuming();
+               newRightSE.checkForConsuming();
+             }
+
+             return newEvents;
            }
+           /* Swap which event is left and right */
 
-           let out = '<img src="' + href + '" alt="' + text + '"';
-           if (title) {
-             out += ' title="' + title + '"';
+         }, {
+           key: "swapEvents",
+           value: function swapEvents() {
+             var tmpEvt = this.rightSE;
+             this.rightSE = this.leftSE;
+             this.leftSE = tmpEvt;
+             this.leftSE.isLeft = true;
+             this.rightSE.isLeft = false;
+
+             for (var i = 0, iMax = this.windings.length; i < iMax; i++) {
+               this.windings[i] *= -1;
+             }
            }
-           out += this.options.xhtml ? '/>' : '>';
-           return out;
-         }
+           /* Consume another segment. We take their rings under our wing
+            * and mark them as consumed. Use for perfectly overlapping segments */
 
-         text(text) {
-           return text;
-         }
-       };
+         }, {
+           key: "consume",
+           value: function consume(other) {
+             var consumer = this;
+             var consumee = other;
 
-       /**
-        * TextRenderer
-        * returns only the textual part of the token
-        */
-       var TextRenderer_1 = class TextRenderer {
-         // no need for block level renderers
-         strong(text) {
-           return text;
-         }
+             while (consumer.consumedBy) {
+               consumer = consumer.consumedBy;
+             }
 
-         em(text) {
-           return text;
-         }
+             while (consumee.consumedBy) {
+               consumee = consumee.consumedBy;
+             }
 
-         codespan(text) {
-           return text;
-         }
+             var cmp = Segment.compare(consumer, consumee);
+             if (cmp === 0) return; // already consumed
+             // the winner of the consumption is the earlier segment
+             // according to sweep line ordering
 
-         del(text) {
-           return text;
-         }
+             if (cmp > 0) {
+               var tmp = consumer;
+               consumer = consumee;
+               consumee = tmp;
+             } // make sure a segment doesn't consume it's prev
 
-         html(text) {
-           return text;
-         }
 
-         text(text) {
-           return text;
-         }
+             if (consumer.prev === consumee) {
+               var _tmp = consumer;
+               consumer = consumee;
+               consumee = _tmp;
+             }
 
-         link(href, title, text) {
-           return '' + text;
-         }
+             for (var i = 0, iMax = consumee.rings.length; i < iMax; i++) {
+               var ring = consumee.rings[i];
+               var winding = consumee.windings[i];
+               var index = consumer.rings.indexOf(ring);
 
-         image(href, title, text) {
-           return '' + text;
-         }
+               if (index === -1) {
+                 consumer.rings.push(ring);
+                 consumer.windings.push(winding);
+               } else consumer.windings[index] += winding;
+             }
 
-         br() {
-           return '';
-         }
-       };
+             consumee.rings = null;
+             consumee.windings = null;
+             consumee.consumedBy = consumer; // mark sweep events consumed as to maintain ordering in sweep event queue
 
-       /**
-        * Slugger generates header id
-        */
-       var Slugger_1 = class Slugger {
-         constructor() {
-           this.seen = {};
-         }
+             consumee.leftSE.consumedBy = consumer.leftSE;
+             consumee.rightSE.consumedBy = consumer.rightSE;
+           }
+           /* The first segment previous segment chain that is in the result */
 
-         /**
-          * Convert string to unique id
-          */
-         slug(value) {
-           let slug = value
-             .toLowerCase()
-             .trim()
-             // remove html tags
-             .replace(/<[!\/a-z].*?>/ig, '')
-             // remove unwanted chars
-             .replace(/[\u2000-\u206F\u2E00-\u2E7F\\'!"#$%&()*+,./:;<=>?@[\]^`{|}~]/g, '')
-             .replace(/\s/g, '-');
-
-           if (this.seen.hasOwnProperty(slug)) {
-             const originalSlug = slug;
-             do {
-               this.seen[originalSlug]++;
-               slug = originalSlug + '-' + this.seen[originalSlug];
-             } while (this.seen.hasOwnProperty(slug));
+         }, {
+           key: "prevInResult",
+           value: function prevInResult() {
+             if (this._prevInResult !== undefined) return this._prevInResult;
+             if (!this.prev) this._prevInResult = null;else if (this.prev.isInResult()) this._prevInResult = this.prev;else this._prevInResult = this.prev.prevInResult();
+             return this._prevInResult;
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "beforeState",
+           value: function beforeState() {
+             if (this._beforeState !== undefined) return this._beforeState;
+             if (!this.prev) this._beforeState = {
+               rings: [],
+               windings: [],
+               multiPolys: []
+             };else {
+               var seg = this.prev.consumedBy || this.prev;
+               this._beforeState = seg.afterState();
+             }
+             return this._beforeState;
            }
-           this.seen[slug] = 0;
+         }, {
+           key: "afterState",
+           value: function afterState() {
+             if (this._afterState !== undefined) return this._afterState;
+             var beforeState = this.beforeState();
+             this._afterState = {
+               rings: beforeState.rings.slice(0),
+               windings: beforeState.windings.slice(0),
+               multiPolys: []
+             };
+             var ringsAfter = this._afterState.rings;
+             var windingsAfter = this._afterState.windings;
+             var mpsAfter = this._afterState.multiPolys; // calculate ringsAfter, windingsAfter
 
-           return slug;
-         }
-       };
+             for (var i = 0, iMax = this.rings.length; i < iMax; i++) {
+               var ring = this.rings[i];
+               var winding = this.windings[i];
+               var index = ringsAfter.indexOf(ring);
 
-       const { defaults: defaults$4 } = defaults;
-       const {
-         unescape: unescape$2
-       } = helpers;
+               if (index === -1) {
+                 ringsAfter.push(ring);
+                 windingsAfter.push(winding);
+               } else windingsAfter[index] += winding;
+             } // calcualte polysAfter
 
-       /**
-        * Parsing & Compiling
-        */
-       var Parser_1 = class Parser {
-         constructor(options) {
-           this.options = options || defaults$4;
-           this.options.renderer = this.options.renderer || new Renderer_1();
-           this.renderer = this.options.renderer;
-           this.renderer.options = this.options;
-           this.textRenderer = new TextRenderer_1();
-           this.slugger = new Slugger_1();
-         }
 
-         /**
-          * Static Parse Method
-          */
-         static parse(tokens, options) {
-           const parser = new Parser(options);
-           return parser.parse(tokens);
-         }
+             var polysAfter = [];
+             var polysExclude = [];
 
-         /**
-          * Parse Loop
-          */
-         parse(tokens, top = true) {
-           let out = '',
-             i,
-             j,
-             k,
-             l2,
-             l3,
-             row,
-             cell,
-             header,
-             body,
-             token,
-             ordered,
-             start,
-             loose,
-             itemBody,
-             item,
-             checked,
-             task,
-             checkbox;
-
-           const l = tokens.length;
-           for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
-             token = tokens[i];
-             switch (token.type) {
-               case 'space': {
-                 continue;
-               }
-               case 'hr': {
-                 out += this.renderer.hr();
-                 continue;
-               }
-               case 'heading': {
-                 out += this.renderer.heading(
-                   this.parseInline(token.tokens),
-                   token.depth,
-                   unescape$2(this.parseInline(token.tokens, this.textRenderer)),
-                   this.slugger);
-                 continue;
-               }
-               case 'code': {
-                 out += this.renderer.code(token.text,
-                   token.lang,
-                   token.escaped);
-                 continue;
-               }
-               case 'table': {
-                 header = '';
-
-                 // header
-                 cell = '';
-                 l2 = token.header.length;
-                 for (j = 0; j < l2; j++) {
-                   cell += this.renderer.tablecell(
-                     this.parseInline(token.tokens.header[j]),
-                     { header: true, align: token.align[j] }
-                   );
-                 }
-                 header += this.renderer.tablerow(cell);
-
-                 body = '';
-                 l2 = token.cells.length;
-                 for (j = 0; j < l2; j++) {
-                   row = token.tokens.cells[j];
-
-                   cell = '';
-                   l3 = row.length;
-                   for (k = 0; k < l3; k++) {
-                     cell += this.renderer.tablecell(
-                       this.parseInline(row[k]),
-                       { header: false, align: token.align[k] }
-                     );
-                   }
+             for (var _i = 0, _iMax = ringsAfter.length; _i < _iMax; _i++) {
+               if (windingsAfter[_i] === 0) continue; // non-zero rule
 
-                   body += this.renderer.tablerow(cell);
-                 }
-                 out += this.renderer.table(header, body);
-                 continue;
-               }
-               case 'blockquote': {
-                 body = this.parse(token.tokens);
-                 out += this.renderer.blockquote(body);
-                 continue;
-               }
-               case 'list': {
-                 ordered = token.ordered;
-                 start = token.start;
-                 loose = token.loose;
-                 l2 = token.items.length;
-
-                 body = '';
-                 for (j = 0; j < l2; j++) {
-                   item = token.items[j];
-                   checked = item.checked;
-                   task = item.task;
-
-                   itemBody = '';
-                   if (item.task) {
-                     checkbox = this.renderer.checkbox(checked);
-                     if (loose) {
-                       if (item.tokens[0].type === 'text') {
-                         item.tokens[0].text = checkbox + ' ' + item.tokens[0].text;
-                         if (item.tokens[0].tokens && item.tokens[0].tokens.length > 0 && item.tokens[0].tokens[0].type === 'text') {
-                           item.tokens[0].tokens[0].text = checkbox + ' ' + item.tokens[0].tokens[0].text;
-                         }
-                       } else {
-                         item.tokens.unshift({
-                           type: 'text',
-                           text: checkbox
-                         });
-                       }
-                     } else {
-                       itemBody += checkbox;
-                     }
-                   }
+               var _ring = ringsAfter[_i];
+               var poly = _ring.poly;
+               if (polysExclude.indexOf(poly) !== -1) continue;
+               if (_ring.isExterior) polysAfter.push(poly);else {
+                 if (polysExclude.indexOf(poly) === -1) polysExclude.push(poly);
 
-                   itemBody += this.parse(item.tokens, loose);
-                   body += this.renderer.listitem(itemBody, task, checked);
-                 }
+                 var _index = polysAfter.indexOf(_ring.poly);
 
-                 out += this.renderer.list(body, ordered, start);
-                 continue;
-               }
-               case 'html': {
-                 // TODO parse inline content if parameter markdown=1
-                 out += this.renderer.html(token.text);
-                 continue;
-               }
-               case 'paragraph': {
-                 out += this.renderer.paragraph(this.parseInline(token.tokens));
-                 continue;
-               }
-               case 'text': {
-                 body = token.tokens ? this.parseInline(token.tokens) : token.text;
-                 while (i + 1 < l && tokens[i + 1].type === 'text') {
-                   token = tokens[++i];
-                   body += '\n' + (token.tokens ? this.parseInline(token.tokens) : token.text);
-                 }
-                 out += top ? this.renderer.paragraph(body) : body;
-                 continue;
+                 if (_index !== -1) polysAfter.splice(_index, 1);
                }
-               default: {
-                 const errMsg = 'Token with "' + token.type + '" type was not found.';
-                 if (this.options.silent) {
-                   console.error(errMsg);
-                   return;
-                 } else {
-                   throw new Error(errMsg);
-                 }
-               }
-             }
-           }
-
-           return out;
-         }
+             } // calculate multiPolysAfter
 
-         /**
-          * Parse Inline Tokens
-          */
-         parseInline(tokens, renderer) {
-           renderer = renderer || this.renderer;
-           let out = '',
-             i,
-             token;
 
-           const l = tokens.length;
-           for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
-             token = tokens[i];
-             switch (token.type) {
-               case 'escape': {
-                 out += renderer.text(token.text);
-                 break;
-               }
-               case 'html': {
-                 out += renderer.html(token.text);
-                 break;
-               }
-               case 'link': {
-                 out += renderer.link(token.href, token.title, this.parseInline(token.tokens, renderer));
-                 break;
-               }
-               case 'image': {
-                 out += renderer.image(token.href, token.title, token.text);
-                 break;
-               }
-               case 'strong': {
-                 out += renderer.strong(this.parseInline(token.tokens, renderer));
-                 break;
-               }
-               case 'em': {
-                 out += renderer.em(this.parseInline(token.tokens, renderer));
-                 break;
-               }
-               case 'codespan': {
-                 out += renderer.codespan(token.text);
-                 break;
-               }
-               case 'br': {
-                 out += renderer.br();
-                 break;
-               }
-               case 'del': {
-                 out += renderer.del(this.parseInline(token.tokens, renderer));
-                 break;
-               }
-               case 'text': {
-                 out += renderer.text(token.text);
-                 break;
-               }
-               default: {
-                 const errMsg = 'Token with "' + token.type + '" type was not found.';
-                 if (this.options.silent) {
-                   console.error(errMsg);
-                   return;
-                 } else {
-                   throw new Error(errMsg);
-                 }
-               }
+             for (var _i2 = 0, _iMax2 = polysAfter.length; _i2 < _iMax2; _i2++) {
+               var mp = polysAfter[_i2].multiPoly;
+               if (mpsAfter.indexOf(mp) === -1) mpsAfter.push(mp);
              }
+
+             return this._afterState;
            }
-           return out;
-         }
-       };
+           /* Is this segment part of the final result? */
 
-       const {
-         merge: merge$3,
-         checkSanitizeDeprecation: checkSanitizeDeprecation$1,
-         escape: escape$4
-       } = helpers;
-       const {
-         getDefaults,
-         changeDefaults,
-         defaults: defaults$5
-       } = defaults;
+         }, {
+           key: "isInResult",
+           value: function isInResult() {
+             // if we've been consumed, we're not in the result
+             if (this.consumedBy) return false;
+             if (this._isInResult !== undefined) return this._isInResult;
+             var mpsBefore = this.beforeState().multiPolys;
+             var mpsAfter = this.afterState().multiPolys;
+
+             switch (operation.type) {
+               case 'union':
+                 {
+                   // UNION - included iff:
+                   //  * On one side of us there is 0 poly interiors AND
+                   //  * On the other side there is 1 or more.
+                   var noBefores = mpsBefore.length === 0;
+                   var noAfters = mpsAfter.length === 0;
+                   this._isInResult = noBefores !== noAfters;
+                   break;
+                 }
 
-       /**
-        * Marked
-        */
-       function marked(src, opt, callback) {
-         // throw error in case of non string input
-         if (typeof src === 'undefined' || src === null) {
-           throw new Error('marked(): input parameter is undefined or null');
-         }
-         if (typeof src !== 'string') {
-           throw new Error('marked(): input parameter is of type '
-             + Object.prototype.toString.call(src) + ', string expected');
-         }
+               case 'intersection':
+                 {
+                   // INTERSECTION - included iff:
+                   //  * on one side of us all multipolys are rep. with poly interiors AND
+                   //  * on the other side of us, not all multipolys are repsented
+                   //    with poly interiors
+                   var least;
+                   var most;
+
+                   if (mpsBefore.length < mpsAfter.length) {
+                     least = mpsBefore.length;
+                     most = mpsAfter.length;
+                   } else {
+                     least = mpsAfter.length;
+                     most = mpsBefore.length;
+                   }
 
-         if (callback || typeof opt === 'function') {
-           if (!callback) {
-             callback = opt;
-             opt = null;
-           }
+                   this._isInResult = most === operation.numMultiPolys && least < most;
+                   break;
+                 }
 
-           opt = merge$3({}, marked.defaults, opt || {});
-           checkSanitizeDeprecation$1(opt);
-           const highlight = opt.highlight;
-           let tokens,
-             pending,
-             i = 0;
+               case 'xor':
+                 {
+                   // XOR - included iff:
+                   //  * the difference between the number of multipolys represented
+                   //    with poly interiors on our two sides is an odd number
+                   var diff = Math.abs(mpsBefore.length - mpsAfter.length);
+                   this._isInResult = diff % 2 === 1;
+                   break;
+                 }
 
-           try {
-             tokens = Lexer_1.lex(src, opt);
-           } catch (e) {
-             return callback(e);
-           }
+               case 'difference':
+                 {
+                   // DIFFERENCE included iff:
+                   //  * on exactly one side, we have just the subject
+                   var isJustSubject = function isJustSubject(mps) {
+                     return mps.length === 1 && mps[0].isSubject;
+                   };
 
-           pending = tokens.length;
+                   this._isInResult = isJustSubject(mpsBefore) !== isJustSubject(mpsAfter);
+                   break;
+                 }
 
-           const done = function(err) {
-             if (err) {
-               opt.highlight = highlight;
-               return callback(err);
+               default:
+                 throw new Error("Unrecognized operation type found ".concat(operation.type));
              }
 
-             let out;
-
-             try {
-               out = Parser_1.parse(tokens, opt);
-             } catch (e) {
-               err = e;
-             }
+             return this._isInResult;
+           }
+         }], [{
+           key: "fromRing",
+           value: function fromRing(pt1, pt2, ring) {
+             var leftPt, rightPt, winding; // ordering the two points according to sweep line ordering
 
-             opt.highlight = highlight;
+             var cmpPts = SweepEvent.comparePoints(pt1, pt2);
 
-             return err
-               ? callback(err)
-               : callback(null, out);
-           };
+             if (cmpPts < 0) {
+               leftPt = pt1;
+               rightPt = pt2;
+               winding = 1;
+             } else if (cmpPts > 0) {
+               leftPt = pt2;
+               rightPt = pt1;
+               winding = -1;
+             } else throw new Error("Tried to create degenerate segment at [".concat(pt1.x, ", ").concat(pt1.y, "]"));
 
-           if (!highlight || highlight.length < 3) {
-             return done();
+             var leftSE = new SweepEvent(leftPt, true);
+             var rightSE = new SweepEvent(rightPt, false);
+             return new Segment(leftSE, rightSE, [ring], [winding]);
            }
+         }]);
 
-           delete opt.highlight;
+         return Segment;
+       }();
 
-           if (!pending) return done();
+       var RingIn = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
+         function RingIn(geomRing, poly, isExterior) {
+           _classCallCheck(this, RingIn);
 
-           for (; i < tokens.length; i++) {
-             (function(token) {
-               if (token.type !== 'code') {
-                 return --pending || done();
-               }
-               return highlight(token.text, token.lang, function(err, code) {
-                 if (err) return done(err);
-                 if (code == null || code === token.text) {
-                   return --pending || done();
-                 }
-                 token.text = code;
-                 token.escaped = true;
-                 --pending || done();
-               });
-             })(tokens[i]);
+           if (!Array.isArray(geomRing) || geomRing.length === 0) {
+             throw new Error('Input geometry is not a valid Polygon or MultiPolygon');
            }
 
-           return;
-         }
-         try {
-           opt = merge$3({}, marked.defaults, opt || {});
-           checkSanitizeDeprecation$1(opt);
-           return Parser_1.parse(Lexer_1.lex(src, opt), opt);
-         } catch (e) {
-           e.message += '\nPlease report this to https://github.com/markedjs/marked.';
-           if ((opt || marked.defaults).silent) {
-             return '<p>An error occurred:</p><pre>'
-               + escape$4(e.message + '', true)
-               + '</pre>';
+           this.poly = poly;
+           this.isExterior = isExterior;
+           this.segments = [];
+
+           if (typeof geomRing[0][0] !== 'number' || typeof geomRing[0][1] !== 'number') {
+             throw new Error('Input geometry is not a valid Polygon or MultiPolygon');
            }
-           throw e;
-         }
-       }
 
-       /**
-        * Options
-        */
+           var firstPoint = rounder.round(geomRing[0][0], geomRing[0][1]);
+           this.bbox = {
+             ll: {
+               x: firstPoint.x,
+               y: firstPoint.y
+             },
+             ur: {
+               x: firstPoint.x,
+               y: firstPoint.y
+             }
+           };
+           var prevPoint = firstPoint;
 
-       marked.options =
-       marked.setOptions = function(opt) {
-         merge$3(marked.defaults, opt);
-         changeDefaults(marked.defaults);
-         return marked;
-       };
+           for (var i = 1, iMax = geomRing.length; i < iMax; i++) {
+             if (typeof geomRing[i][0] !== 'number' || typeof geomRing[i][1] !== 'number') {
+               throw new Error('Input geometry is not a valid Polygon or MultiPolygon');
+             }
 
-       marked.getDefaults = getDefaults;
+             var point = rounder.round(geomRing[i][0], geomRing[i][1]); // skip repeated points
 
-       marked.defaults = defaults$5;
+             if (point.x === prevPoint.x && point.y === prevPoint.y) continue;
+             this.segments.push(Segment.fromRing(prevPoint, point, this));
+             if (point.x < this.bbox.ll.x) this.bbox.ll.x = point.x;
+             if (point.y < this.bbox.ll.y) this.bbox.ll.y = point.y;
+             if (point.x > this.bbox.ur.x) this.bbox.ur.x = point.x;
+             if (point.y > this.bbox.ur.y) this.bbox.ur.y = point.y;
+             prevPoint = point;
+           } // add segment from last to first if last is not the same as first
 
-       /**
-        * Use Extension
-        */
 
-       marked.use = function(extension) {
-         const opts = merge$3({}, extension);
-         if (extension.renderer) {
-           const renderer = marked.defaults.renderer || new Renderer_1();
-           for (const prop in extension.renderer) {
-             const prevRenderer = renderer[prop];
-             renderer[prop] = (...args) => {
-               let ret = extension.renderer[prop].apply(renderer, args);
-               if (ret === false) {
-                 ret = prevRenderer.apply(renderer, args);
-               }
-               return ret;
-             };
+           if (firstPoint.x !== prevPoint.x || firstPoint.y !== prevPoint.y) {
+             this.segments.push(Segment.fromRing(prevPoint, firstPoint, this));
            }
-           opts.renderer = renderer;
          }
-         if (extension.tokenizer) {
-           const tokenizer = marked.defaults.tokenizer || new Tokenizer_1();
-           for (const prop in extension.tokenizer) {
-             const prevTokenizer = tokenizer[prop];
-             tokenizer[prop] = (...args) => {
-               let ret = extension.tokenizer[prop].apply(tokenizer, args);
-               if (ret === false) {
-                 ret = prevTokenizer.apply(tokenizer, args);
-               }
-               return ret;
-             };
-           }
-           opts.tokenizer = tokenizer;
-         }
-         marked.setOptions(opts);
-       };
-
-       /**
-        * Expose
-        */
-
-       marked.Parser = Parser_1;
-       marked.parser = Parser_1.parse;
-
-       marked.Renderer = Renderer_1;
-       marked.TextRenderer = TextRenderer_1;
 
-       marked.Lexer = Lexer_1;
-       marked.lexer = Lexer_1.lex;
+         _createClass(RingIn, [{
+           key: "getSweepEvents",
+           value: function getSweepEvents() {
+             var sweepEvents = [];
 
-       marked.Tokenizer = Tokenizer_1;
+             for (var i = 0, iMax = this.segments.length; i < iMax; i++) {
+               var segment = this.segments[i];
+               sweepEvents.push(segment.leftSE);
+               sweepEvents.push(segment.rightSE);
+             }
 
-       marked.Slugger = Slugger_1;
+             return sweepEvents;
+           }
+         }]);
 
-       marked.parse = marked;
+         return RingIn;
+       }();
 
-       var marked_1 = marked;
+       var PolyIn = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
+         function PolyIn(geomPoly, multiPoly) {
+           _classCallCheck(this, PolyIn);
 
-       const tiler$2 = utilTiler();
-       const dispatch$3 = dispatch('loaded');
-       const _tileZoom$2 = 14;
-       const _osmoseUrlRoot = 'https://osmose.openstreetmap.fr/api/0.3';
-       let _osmoseData = { icons: {}, items: [] };
+           if (!Array.isArray(geomPoly)) {
+             throw new Error('Input geometry is not a valid Polygon or MultiPolygon');
+           }
 
-       // This gets reassigned if reset
-       let _cache$2;
+           this.exteriorRing = new RingIn(geomPoly[0], this, true); // copy by value
 
-       function abortRequest$2(controller) {
-         if (controller) {
-           controller.abort();
-         }
-       }
+           this.bbox = {
+             ll: {
+               x: this.exteriorRing.bbox.ll.x,
+               y: this.exteriorRing.bbox.ll.y
+             },
+             ur: {
+               x: this.exteriorRing.bbox.ur.x,
+               y: this.exteriorRing.bbox.ur.y
+             }
+           };
+           this.interiorRings = [];
 
-       function abortUnwantedRequests$2(cache, tiles) {
-         Object.keys(cache.inflightTile).forEach(k => {
-           let wanted = tiles.find(tile => k === tile.id);
-           if (!wanted) {
-             abortRequest$2(cache.inflightTile[k]);
-             delete cache.inflightTile[k];
+           for (var i = 1, iMax = geomPoly.length; i < iMax; i++) {
+             var ring = new RingIn(geomPoly[i], this, false);
+             if (ring.bbox.ll.x < this.bbox.ll.x) this.bbox.ll.x = ring.bbox.ll.x;
+             if (ring.bbox.ll.y < this.bbox.ll.y) this.bbox.ll.y = ring.bbox.ll.y;
+             if (ring.bbox.ur.x > this.bbox.ur.x) this.bbox.ur.x = ring.bbox.ur.x;
+             if (ring.bbox.ur.y > this.bbox.ur.y) this.bbox.ur.y = ring.bbox.ur.y;
+             this.interiorRings.push(ring);
            }
-         });
-       }
 
-       function encodeIssueRtree$2(d) {
-         return { minX: d.loc[0], minY: d.loc[1], maxX: d.loc[0], maxY: d.loc[1], data: d };
-       }
+           this.multiPoly = multiPoly;
+         }
 
-       // Replace or remove QAItem from rtree
-       function updateRtree$2(item, replace) {
-         _cache$2.rtree.remove(item, (a, b) => a.data.id === b.data.id);
+         _createClass(PolyIn, [{
+           key: "getSweepEvents",
+           value: function getSweepEvents() {
+             var sweepEvents = this.exteriorRing.getSweepEvents();
 
-         if (replace) {
-           _cache$2.rtree.insert(item);
-         }
-       }
+             for (var i = 0, iMax = this.interiorRings.length; i < iMax; i++) {
+               var ringSweepEvents = this.interiorRings[i].getSweepEvents();
 
-       // Issues shouldn't obscure eachother
-       function preventCoincident$1(loc) {
-         let coincident = false;
-         do {
-           // first time, move marker up. after that, move marker right.
-           let delta = coincident ? [0.00001, 0] : [0, 0.00001];
-           loc = geoVecAdd(loc, delta);
-           let bbox = geoExtent(loc).bbox();
-           coincident = _cache$2.rtree.search(bbox).length;
-         } while (coincident);
+               for (var j = 0, jMax = ringSweepEvents.length; j < jMax; j++) {
+                 sweepEvents.push(ringSweepEvents[j]);
+               }
+             }
 
-         return loc;
-       }
+             return sweepEvents;
+           }
+         }]);
 
-       var serviceOsmose = {
-         title: 'osmose',
+         return PolyIn;
+       }();
 
-         init() {
-           _mainFileFetcher.get('qa_data')
-             .then(d => {
-               _osmoseData = d.osmose;
-               _osmoseData.items = Object.keys(d.osmose.icons)
-                 .map(s => s.split('-')[0])
-                 .reduce((unique, item) => unique.indexOf(item) !== -1 ? unique : [...unique, item], []);
-             });
+       var MultiPolyIn = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
+         function MultiPolyIn(geom, isSubject) {
+           _classCallCheck(this, MultiPolyIn);
 
-           if (!_cache$2) {
-             this.reset();
+           if (!Array.isArray(geom)) {
+             throw new Error('Input geometry is not a valid Polygon or MultiPolygon');
            }
 
-           this.event = utilRebind(this, dispatch$3, 'on');
-         },
-
-         reset() {
-           let _strings = {};
-           let _colors = {};
-           if (_cache$2) {
-             Object.values(_cache$2.inflightTile).forEach(abortRequest$2);
-             // Strings and colors are static and should not be re-populated
-             _strings = _cache$2.strings;
-             _colors = _cache$2.colors;
+           try {
+             // if the input looks like a polygon, convert it to a multipolygon
+             if (typeof geom[0][0][0] === 'number') geom = [geom];
+           } catch (ex) {// The input is either malformed or has empty arrays.
+             // In either case, it will be handled later on.
            }
-           _cache$2 = {
-             data: {},
-             loadedTile: {},
-             inflightTile: {},
-             inflightPost: {},
-             closed: {},
-             rtree: new RBush(),
-             strings: _strings,
-             colors: _colors
-           };
-         },
 
-         loadIssues(projection) {
-           let params = {
-             // Tiles return a maximum # of issues
-             // So we want to filter our request for only types iD supports
-             item: _osmoseData.items
+           this.polys = [];
+           this.bbox = {
+             ll: {
+               x: Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY,
+               y: Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY
+             },
+             ur: {
+               x: Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY,
+               y: Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY
+             }
            };
 
-           // determine the needed tiles to cover the view
-           let tiles = tiler$2
-             .zoomExtent([_tileZoom$2, _tileZoom$2])
-             .getTiles(projection);
+           for (var i = 0, iMax = geom.length; i < iMax; i++) {
+             var poly = new PolyIn(geom[i], this);
+             if (poly.bbox.ll.x < this.bbox.ll.x) this.bbox.ll.x = poly.bbox.ll.x;
+             if (poly.bbox.ll.y < this.bbox.ll.y) this.bbox.ll.y = poly.bbox.ll.y;
+             if (poly.bbox.ur.x > this.bbox.ur.x) this.bbox.ur.x = poly.bbox.ur.x;
+             if (poly.bbox.ur.y > this.bbox.ur.y) this.bbox.ur.y = poly.bbox.ur.y;
+             this.polys.push(poly);
+           }
 
-           // abort inflight requests that are no longer needed
-           abortUnwantedRequests$2(_cache$2, tiles);
+           this.isSubject = isSubject;
+         }
 
-           // issue new requests..
-           tiles.forEach(tile => {
-             if (_cache$2.loadedTile[tile.id] || _cache$2.inflightTile[tile.id]) return;
+         _createClass(MultiPolyIn, [{
+           key: "getSweepEvents",
+           value: function getSweepEvents() {
+             var sweepEvents = [];
 
-             let [ x, y, z ] = tile.xyz;
-             let url = `${_osmoseUrlRoot}/issues/${z}/${x}/${y}.json?` + utilQsString(params);
+             for (var i = 0, iMax = this.polys.length; i < iMax; i++) {
+               var polySweepEvents = this.polys[i].getSweepEvents();
 
-             let controller = new AbortController();
-             _cache$2.inflightTile[tile.id] = controller;
+               for (var j = 0, jMax = polySweepEvents.length; j < jMax; j++) {
+                 sweepEvents.push(polySweepEvents[j]);
+               }
+             }
 
-             d3_json(url, { signal: controller.signal })
-               .then(data => {
-                 delete _cache$2.inflightTile[tile.id];
-                 _cache$2.loadedTile[tile.id] = true;
+             return sweepEvents;
+           }
+         }]);
 
-                 if (data.features) {
-                   data.features.forEach(issue => {
-                     const { item, class: cl, uuid: id } = issue.properties;
-                     /* Osmose issues are uniquely identified by a unique
-                       `item` and `class` combination (both integer values) */
-                     const itemType = `${item}-${cl}`;
+         return MultiPolyIn;
+       }();
 
-                     // Filter out unsupported issue types (some are too specific or advanced)
-                     if (itemType in _osmoseData.icons) {
-                       let loc = issue.geometry.coordinates; // lon, lat
-                       loc = preventCoincident$1(loc);
+       var RingOut = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
+         _createClass(RingOut, null, [{
+           key: "factory",
 
-                       let d = new QAItem(loc, this, itemType, id, { item });
+           /* Given the segments from the sweep line pass, compute & return a series
+            * of closed rings from all the segments marked to be part of the result */
+           value: function factory(allSegments) {
+             var ringsOut = [];
 
-                       // Setting elems here prevents UI detail requests
-                       if (item === 8300 || item === 8360) {
-                         d.elems = [];
-                       }
+             for (var i = 0, iMax = allSegments.length; i < iMax; i++) {
+               var segment = allSegments[i];
+               if (!segment.isInResult() || segment.ringOut) continue;
+               var prevEvent = null;
+               var event = segment.leftSE;
+               var nextEvent = segment.rightSE;
+               var events = [event];
+               var startingPoint = event.point;
+               var intersectionLEs = [];
+               /* Walk the chain of linked events to form a closed ring */
 
-                       _cache$2.data[d.id] = d;
-                       _cache$2.rtree.insert(encodeIssueRtree$2(d));
-                     }
-                   });
-                 }
+               while (true) {
+                 prevEvent = event;
+                 event = nextEvent;
+                 events.push(event);
+                 /* Is the ring complete? */
 
-                 dispatch$3.call('loaded');
-               })
-               .catch(() => {
-                 delete _cache$2.inflightTile[tile.id];
-                 _cache$2.loadedTile[tile.id] = true;
-               });
-           });
-         },
+                 if (event.point === startingPoint) break;
 
-         loadIssueDetail(issue) {
-           // Issue details only need to be fetched once
-           if (issue.elems !== undefined) {
-             return Promise.resolve(issue);
-           }
+                 while (true) {
+                   var availableLEs = event.getAvailableLinkedEvents();
+                   /* Did we hit a dead end? This shouldn't happen. Indicates some earlier
+                    * part of the algorithm malfunctioned... please file a bug report. */
 
-           const url = `${_osmoseUrlRoot}/issue/${issue.id}?langs=${_mainLocalizer.localeCode()}`;
-           const cacheDetails = data => {
-             // Associated elements used for highlighting
-             // Assign directly for immediate use in the callback
-             issue.elems = data.elems.map(e => e.type.substring(0,1) + e.id);
+                   if (availableLEs.length === 0) {
+                     var firstPt = events[0].point;
+                     var lastPt = events[events.length - 1].point;
+                     throw new Error("Unable to complete output ring starting at [".concat(firstPt.x, ",") + " ".concat(firstPt.y, "]. Last matching segment found ends at") + " [".concat(lastPt.x, ", ").concat(lastPt.y, "]."));
+                   }
+                   /* Only one way to go, so cotinue on the path */
 
-             // Some issues have instance specific detail in a subtitle
-             issue.detail = data.subtitle ? marked_1(data.subtitle.auto) : '';
 
-             this.replaceItem(issue);
-           };
+                   if (availableLEs.length === 1) {
+                     nextEvent = availableLEs[0].otherSE;
+                     break;
+                   }
+                   /* We must have an intersection. Check for a completed loop */
 
-           return d3_json(url).then(cacheDetails).then(() => issue);
-         },
 
-         loadStrings(locale=_mainLocalizer.localeCode()) {
-           const items = Object.keys(_osmoseData.icons);
+                   var indexLE = null;
 
-           if (
-             locale in _cache$2.strings
-             && Object.keys(_cache$2.strings[locale]).length === items.length
-           ) {
-               return Promise.resolve(_cache$2.strings[locale]);
-           }
+                   for (var j = 0, jMax = intersectionLEs.length; j < jMax; j++) {
+                     if (intersectionLEs[j].point === event.point) {
+                       indexLE = j;
+                       break;
+                     }
+                   }
+                   /* Found a completed loop. Cut that off and make a ring */
 
-           // May be partially populated already if some requests were successful
-           if (!(locale in _cache$2.strings)) {
-             _cache$2.strings[locale] = {};
-           }
 
-           // Only need to cache strings for supported issue types
-           // Using multiple individual item + class requests to reduce fetched data size
-           const allRequests = items.map(itemType => {
-             // No need to request data we already have
-             if (itemType in _cache$2.strings[locale]) return;
+                   if (indexLE !== null) {
+                     var intersectionLE = intersectionLEs.splice(indexLE)[0];
+                     var ringEvents = events.splice(intersectionLE.index);
+                     ringEvents.unshift(ringEvents[0].otherSE);
+                     ringsOut.push(new RingOut(ringEvents.reverse()));
+                     continue;
+                   }
+                   /* register the intersection */
 
-             const cacheData = data => {
-               // Bunch of nested single value arrays of objects
-               const [ cat = {items:[]} ] = data.categories;
-               const [ item = {class:[]} ] = cat.items;
-               const [ cl = null ] = item.class;
 
-               // If null default value is reached, data wasn't as expected (or was empty)
-               if (!cl) {
-                 /* eslint-disable no-console */
-                 console.log(`Osmose strings request (${itemType}) had unexpected data`);
-                 /* eslint-enable no-console */
-                 return;
-               }
+                   intersectionLEs.push({
+                     index: events.length,
+                     point: event.point
+                   });
+                   /* Choose the left-most option to continue the walk */
 
-               // Cache served item colors to automatically style issue markers later
-               const { item: itemInt, color } = item;
-               if (/^#[A-Fa-f0-9]{6}|[A-Fa-f0-9]{3}/.test(color)) {
-                 _cache$2.colors[itemInt] = color;
+                   var comparator = event.getLeftmostComparator(prevEvent);
+                   nextEvent = availableLEs.sort(comparator)[0].otherSE;
+                   break;
+                 }
                }
 
-               // Value of root key will be null if no string exists
-               // If string exists, value is an object with key 'auto' for string
-               const { title, detail, fix, trap } = cl;
+               ringsOut.push(new RingOut(events));
+             }
 
-               // Osmose titles shouldn't contain markdown
-               let issueStrings = {};
-               if (title) issueStrings.title = title.auto;
-               if (detail) issueStrings.detail = marked_1(detail.auto);
-               if (trap) issueStrings.trap = marked_1(trap.auto);
-               if (fix) issueStrings.fix = marked_1(fix.auto);
+             return ringsOut;
+           }
+         }]);
 
-               _cache$2.strings[locale][itemType] = issueStrings;
-             };
+         function RingOut(events) {
+           _classCallCheck(this, RingOut);
 
-             const [ item, cl ] = itemType.split('-');
+           this.events = events;
 
-             // Osmose API falls back to English strings where untranslated or if locale doesn't exist
-             const url = `${_osmoseUrlRoot}/items/${item}/class/${cl}?langs=${locale}`;
+           for (var i = 0, iMax = events.length; i < iMax; i++) {
+             events[i].segment.ringOut = this;
+           }
 
-             return d3_json(url).then(cacheData);
-           });
+           this.poly = null;
+         }
 
-           return Promise.all(allRequests).then(() => _cache$2.strings[locale]);
-         },
+         _createClass(RingOut, [{
+           key: "getGeom",
+           value: function getGeom() {
+             // Remove superfluous points (ie extra points along a straight line),
+             var prevPt = this.events[0].point;
+             var points = [prevPt];
 
-         getStrings(itemType, locale=_mainLocalizer.localeCode()) {
-           // No need to fallback to English, Osmose API handles this for us
-           return (locale in _cache$2.strings) ? _cache$2.strings[locale][itemType] : {};
-         },
+             for (var i = 1, iMax = this.events.length - 1; i < iMax; i++) {
+               var _pt = this.events[i].point;
+               var _nextPt = this.events[i + 1].point;
+               if (compareVectorAngles(_pt, prevPt, _nextPt) === 0) continue;
+               points.push(_pt);
+               prevPt = _pt;
+             } // ring was all (within rounding error of angle calc) colinear points
 
-         getColor(itemType) {
-           return (itemType in _cache$2.colors) ? _cache$2.colors[itemType] : '#FFFFFF';
-         },
 
-         postUpdate(issue, callback) {
-           if (_cache$2.inflightPost[issue.id]) {
-             return callback({ message: 'Issue update already inflight', status: -2 }, issue);
-           }
+             if (points.length === 1) return null; // check if the starting point is necessary
 
-           // UI sets the status to either 'done' or 'false'
-           const url = `${_osmoseUrlRoot}/issue/${issue.id}/${issue.newStatus}`;
-           const controller = new AbortController();
-           const after = () => {
-             delete _cache$2.inflightPost[issue.id];
+             var pt = points[0];
+             var nextPt = points[1];
+             if (compareVectorAngles(pt, prevPt, nextPt) === 0) points.shift();
+             points.push(points[0]);
+             var step = this.isExteriorRing() ? 1 : -1;
+             var iStart = this.isExteriorRing() ? 0 : points.length - 1;
+             var iEnd = this.isExteriorRing() ? points.length : -1;
+             var orderedPoints = [];
 
-             this.removeItem(issue);
-             if (issue.newStatus === 'done') {
-               // Keep track of the number of issues closed per `item` to tag the changeset
-               if (!(issue.item in _cache$2.closed)) {
-                 _cache$2.closed[issue.item] = 0;
-               }
-               _cache$2.closed[issue.item] += 1;
+             for (var _i = iStart; _i != iEnd; _i += step) {
+               orderedPoints.push([points[_i].x, points[_i].y]);
              }
-             if (callback) callback(null, issue);
-           };
 
-           _cache$2.inflightPost[issue.id] = controller;
-
-           fetch(url, { signal: controller.signal })
-             .then(after)
-             .catch(err => {
-               delete _cache$2.inflightPost[issue.id];
-               if (callback) callback(err.message);
-             });
-         },
+             return orderedPoints;
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "isExteriorRing",
+           value: function isExteriorRing() {
+             if (this._isExteriorRing === undefined) {
+               var enclosing = this.enclosingRing();
+               this._isExteriorRing = enclosing ? !enclosing.isExteriorRing() : true;
+             }
 
-         // Get all cached QAItems covering the viewport
-         getItems(projection) {
-           const viewport = projection.clipExtent();
-           const min = [viewport[0][0], viewport[1][1]];
-           const max = [viewport[1][0], viewport[0][1]];
-           const bbox = geoExtent(projection.invert(min), projection.invert(max)).bbox();
+             return this._isExteriorRing;
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "enclosingRing",
+           value: function enclosingRing() {
+             if (this._enclosingRing === undefined) {
+               this._enclosingRing = this._calcEnclosingRing();
+             }
 
-           return _cache$2.rtree.search(bbox).map(d => d.data);
-         },
+             return this._enclosingRing;
+           }
+           /* Returns the ring that encloses this one, if any */
 
-         // Get a QAItem from cache
-         // NOTE: Don't change method name until UI v3 is merged
-         getError(id) {
-           return _cache$2.data[id];
-         },
+         }, {
+           key: "_calcEnclosingRing",
+           value: function _calcEnclosingRing() {
+             // start with the ealier sweep line event so that the prevSeg
+             // chain doesn't lead us inside of a loop of ours
+             var leftMostEvt = this.events[0];
 
-         // get the name of the icon to display for this item
-         getIcon(itemType) {
-           return _osmoseData.icons[itemType];
-         },
+             for (var i = 1, iMax = this.events.length; i < iMax; i++) {
+               var evt = this.events[i];
+               if (SweepEvent.compare(leftMostEvt, evt) > 0) leftMostEvt = evt;
+             }
 
-         // Replace a single QAItem in the cache
-         replaceItem(item) {
-           if (!(item instanceof QAItem) || !item.id) return;
+             var prevSeg = leftMostEvt.segment.prevInResult();
+             var prevPrevSeg = prevSeg ? prevSeg.prevInResult() : null;
 
-           _cache$2.data[item.id] = item;
-           updateRtree$2(encodeIssueRtree$2(item), true); // true = replace
-           return item;
-         },
+             while (true) {
+               // no segment found, thus no ring can enclose us
+               if (!prevSeg) return null; // no segments below prev segment found, thus the ring of the prev
+               // segment must loop back around and enclose us
 
-         // Remove a single QAItem from the cache
-         removeItem(item) {
-           if (!(item instanceof QAItem) || !item.id) return;
+               if (!prevPrevSeg) return prevSeg.ringOut; // if the two segments are of different rings, the ring of the prev
+               // segment must either loop around us or the ring of the prev prev
+               // seg, which would make us and the ring of the prev peers
 
-           delete _cache$2.data[item.id];
-           updateRtree$2(encodeIssueRtree$2(item), false); // false = remove
-         },
+               if (prevPrevSeg.ringOut !== prevSeg.ringOut) {
+                 if (prevPrevSeg.ringOut.enclosingRing() !== prevSeg.ringOut) {
+                   return prevSeg.ringOut;
+                 } else return prevSeg.ringOut.enclosingRing();
+               } // two segments are from the same ring, so this was a penisula
+               // of that ring. iterate downward, keep searching
 
-         // Used to populate `closed:osmose:*` changeset tags
-         getClosedCounts() {
-           return _cache$2.closed;
-         },
 
-         itemURL(item) {
-           return `https://osmose.openstreetmap.fr/en/error/${item.id}`;
-         }
-       };
+               prevSeg = prevPrevSeg.prevInResult();
+               prevPrevSeg = prevSeg ? prevSeg.prevInResult() : null;
+             }
+           }
+         }]);
 
-       /*
-           A standalone SVG element that contains only a `defs` sub-element. To be
-           used once globally, since defs IDs must be unique within a document.
-       */
-       function svgDefs(context) {
+         return RingOut;
+       }();
 
-           function drawDefs(selection) {
-               var defs = selection.append('defs');
-
-               // add markers
-               defs
-                   .append('marker')
-                   .attr('id', 'ideditor-oneway-marker')
-                   .attr('viewBox', '0 0 10 5')
-                   .attr('refX', 2.5)
-                   .attr('refY', 2.5)
-                   .attr('markerWidth', 2)
-                   .attr('markerHeight', 2)
-                   .attr('markerUnits', 'strokeWidth')
-                   .attr('orient', 'auto')
-                   .append('path')
-                   .attr('class', 'oneway-marker-path')
-                   .attr('d', 'M 5,3 L 0,3 L 0,2 L 5,2 L 5,0 L 10,2.5 L 5,5 z')
-                   .attr('stroke', 'none')
-                   .attr('fill', '#000')
-                   .attr('opacity', '0.75');
-
-               // SVG markers have to be given a colour where they're defined
-               // (they can't inherit it from the line they're attached to),
-               // so we need to manually define markers for each color of tag
-               // (also, it's slightly nicer if we can control the
-               // positioning for different tags)
-               function addSidedMarker(name, color, offset) {
-                   defs
-                       .append('marker')
-                       .attr('id', 'ideditor-sided-marker-' + name)
-                       .attr('viewBox', '0 0 2 2')
-                       .attr('refX', 1)
-                       .attr('refY', -offset)
-                       .attr('markerWidth', 1.5)
-                       .attr('markerHeight', 1.5)
-                       .attr('markerUnits', 'strokeWidth')
-                       .attr('orient', 'auto')
-                       .append('path')
-                       .attr('class', 'sided-marker-path sided-marker-' + name + '-path')
-                       .attr('d', 'M 0,0 L 1,1 L 2,0 z')
-                       .attr('stroke', 'none')
-                       .attr('fill', color);
-               }
-               addSidedMarker('natural', 'rgb(170, 170, 170)', 0);
-               // for a coastline, the arrows are (somewhat unintuitively) on
-               // the water side, so let's color them blue (with a gap) to
-               // give a stronger indication
-               addSidedMarker('coastline', '#77dede', 1);
-               addSidedMarker('waterway', '#77dede', 1);
-               // barriers have a dashed line, and separating the triangle
-               // from the line visually suits that
-               addSidedMarker('barrier', '#ddd', 1);
-               addSidedMarker('man_made', '#fff', 0);
-
-               defs
-                   .append('marker')
-                   .attr('id', 'ideditor-viewfield-marker')
-                   .attr('viewBox', '0 0 16 16')
-                   .attr('refX', 8)
-                   .attr('refY', 16)
-                   .attr('markerWidth', 4)
-                   .attr('markerHeight', 4)
-                   .attr('markerUnits', 'strokeWidth')
-                   .attr('orient', 'auto')
-                   .append('path')
-                   .attr('class', 'viewfield-marker-path')
-                   .attr('d', 'M 6,14 C 8,13.4 8,13.4 10,14 L 16,3 C 12,0 4,0 0,3 z')
-                   .attr('fill', '#333')
-                   .attr('fill-opacity', '0.75')
-                   .attr('stroke', '#fff')
-                   .attr('stroke-width', '0.5px')
-                   .attr('stroke-opacity', '0.75');
-
-               defs
-                   .append('marker')
-                   .attr('id', 'ideditor-viewfield-marker-wireframe')
-                   .attr('viewBox', '0 0 16 16')
-                   .attr('refX', 8)
-                   .attr('refY', 16)
-                   .attr('markerWidth', 4)
-                   .attr('markerHeight', 4)
-                   .attr('markerUnits', 'strokeWidth')
-                   .attr('orient', 'auto')
-                   .append('path')
-                   .attr('class', 'viewfield-marker-path')
-                   .attr('d', 'M 6,14 C 8,13.4 8,13.4 10,14 L 16,3 C 12,0 4,0 0,3 z')
-                   .attr('fill', 'none')
-                   .attr('stroke', '#fff')
-                   .attr('stroke-width', '0.5px')
-                   .attr('stroke-opacity', '0.75');
-
-               // add patterns
-               var patterns = defs.selectAll('pattern')
-                   .data([
-                       // pattern name, pattern image name
-                       ['beach', 'dots'],
-                       ['construction', 'construction'],
-                       ['cemetery', 'cemetery'],
-                       ['cemetery_christian', 'cemetery_christian'],
-                       ['cemetery_buddhist', 'cemetery_buddhist'],
-                       ['cemetery_muslim', 'cemetery_muslim'],
-                       ['cemetery_jewish', 'cemetery_jewish'],
-                       ['farmland', 'farmland'],
-                       ['farmyard', 'farmyard'],
-                       ['forest', 'forest'],
-                       ['forest_broadleaved', 'forest_broadleaved'],
-                       ['forest_needleleaved', 'forest_needleleaved'],
-                       ['forest_leafless', 'forest_leafless'],
-                       ['golf_green', 'grass'],
-                       ['grass', 'grass'],
-                       ['landfill', 'landfill'],
-                       ['meadow', 'grass'],
-                       ['orchard', 'orchard'],
-                       ['pond', 'pond'],
-                       ['quarry', 'quarry'],
-                       ['scrub', 'bushes'],
-                       ['vineyard', 'vineyard'],
-                       ['water_standing', 'lines'],
-                       ['waves', 'waves'],
-                       ['wetland', 'wetland'],
-                       ['wetland_marsh', 'wetland_marsh'],
-                       ['wetland_swamp', 'wetland_swamp'],
-                       ['wetland_bog', 'wetland_bog'],
-                       ['wetland_reedbed', 'wetland_reedbed']
-                   ])
-                   .enter()
-                   .append('pattern')
-                   .attr('id', function (d) { return 'ideditor-pattern-' + d[0]; })
-                   .attr('width', 32)
-                   .attr('height', 32)
-                   .attr('patternUnits', 'userSpaceOnUse');
-
-               patterns
-                   .append('rect')
-                   .attr('x', 0)
-                   .attr('y', 0)
-                   .attr('width', 32)
-                   .attr('height', 32)
-                   .attr('class', function (d) { return 'pattern-color-' + d[0]; });
-
-               patterns
-                   .append('image')
-                   .attr('x', 0)
-                   .attr('y', 0)
-                   .attr('width', 32)
-                   .attr('height', 32)
-                   .attr('xlink:href', function (d) {
-                       return context.imagePath('pattern/' + d[1] + '.png');
-                   });
+       var PolyOut = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
+         function PolyOut(exteriorRing) {
+           _classCallCheck(this, PolyOut);
 
-               // add clip paths
-               defs.selectAll('clipPath')
-                   .data([12, 18, 20, 32, 45])
-                   .enter()
-                   .append('clipPath')
-                   .attr('id', function (d) { return 'ideditor-clip-square-' + d; })
-                   .append('rect')
-                   .attr('x', 0)
-                   .attr('y', 0)
-                   .attr('width', function (d) { return d; })
-                   .attr('height', function (d) { return d; });
+           this.exteriorRing = exteriorRing;
+           exteriorRing.poly = this;
+           this.interiorRings = [];
+         }
 
-               // add symbol spritesheets
-               defs
-                   .call(drawDefs.addSprites, [
-                       'iD-sprite', 'maki-sprite', 'temaki-sprite', 'fa-sprite', 'tnp-sprite', 'community-sprite'
-                   ], true);
+         _createClass(PolyOut, [{
+           key: "addInterior",
+           value: function addInterior(ring) {
+             this.interiorRings.push(ring);
+             ring.poly = this;
            }
+         }, {
+           key: "getGeom",
+           value: function getGeom() {
+             var geom = [this.exteriorRing.getGeom()]; // exterior ring was all (within rounding error of angle calc) colinear points
 
+             if (geom[0] === null) return null;
 
-           drawDefs.addSprites = function(selection, ids, overrideColors) {
-               var spritesheets = selection.selectAll('.spritesheet');
-               var currData = spritesheets.data();
-               var data = utilArrayUniq(currData.concat(ids));
+             for (var i = 0, iMax = this.interiorRings.length; i < iMax; i++) {
+               var ringGeom = this.interiorRings[i].getGeom(); // interior ring was all (within rounding error of angle calc) colinear points
 
-               spritesheets
-                   .data(data)
-                   .enter()
-                   .append('g')
-                   .attr('class', function(d) { return 'spritesheet spritesheet-' + d; })
-                   .each(function(d) {
-                       var url = context.imagePath(d + '.svg');
-                       var node = select(this).node();
-
-                       svg(url)
-                           .then(function(svg) {
-                               node.appendChild(
-                                   select(svg.documentElement).attr('id', 'ideditor-' + d).node()
-                               );
-                               if (overrideColors && d !== 'iD-sprite') {   // allow icon colors to be overridden..
-                                   select(node).selectAll('path')
-                                       .attr('fill', 'currentColor');
-                               }
-                           })
-                           .catch(function() {
-                               /* ignore */
-                           });
-                   });
-           };
+               if (ringGeom === null) continue;
+               geom.push(ringGeom);
+             }
 
+             return geom;
+           }
+         }]);
 
-           return drawDefs;
-       }
-
-       /* global Mapillary:false */
-
-
-       var apibase = 'https://a.mapillary.com/v3/';
-       var viewercss = 'mapillary-js/mapillary.min.css';
-       var viewerjs = 'mapillary-js/mapillary.min.js';
-       var clientId = 'NzNRM2otQkR2SHJzaXJmNmdQWVQ0dzo1ZWYyMmYwNjdmNDdlNmVi';
-       var mapFeatureConfig = {
-           values: [
-               'construction--flat--crosswalk-plain',
-               'marking--discrete--crosswalk-zebra',
-               'object--banner',
-               'object--bench',
-               'object--bike-rack',
-               'object--billboard',
-               'object--catch-basin',
-               'object--cctv-camera',
-               'object--fire-hydrant',
-               'object--mailbox',
-               'object--manhole',
-               'object--phone-booth',
-               'object--sign--advertisement',
-               'object--sign--information',
-               'object--sign--store',
-               'object--street-light',
-               'object--support--utility-pole',
-               'object--traffic-light--*',
-               'object--traffic-light--pedestrians',
-               'object--trash-can'
-           ].join(',')
-       };
-       var maxResults = 1000;
-       var tileZoom = 14;
-       var tiler$3 = utilTiler().zoomExtent([tileZoom, tileZoom]).skipNullIsland(true);
-       var dispatch$4 = dispatch('loadedImages', 'loadedSigns', 'loadedMapFeatures', 'bearingChanged');
-       var _mlyFallback = false;
-       var _mlyCache;
-       var _mlyClicks;
-       var _mlySelectedImageKey;
-       var _mlyViewer;
+         return PolyOut;
+       }();
 
+       var MultiPolyOut = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
+         function MultiPolyOut(rings) {
+           _classCallCheck(this, MultiPolyOut);
 
-       function abortRequest$3(controller) {
-           controller.abort();
-       }
+           this.rings = rings;
+           this.polys = this._composePolys(rings);
+         }
 
+         _createClass(MultiPolyOut, [{
+           key: "getGeom",
+           value: function getGeom() {
+             var geom = [];
 
-       function maxPageAtZoom(z) {
-           if (z < 15)   return 2;
-           if (z === 15) return 5;
-           if (z === 16) return 10;
-           if (z === 17) return 20;
-           if (z === 18) return 40;
-           if (z > 18)   return 80;
-       }
+             for (var i = 0, iMax = this.polys.length; i < iMax; i++) {
+               var polyGeom = this.polys[i].getGeom(); // exterior ring was all (within rounding error of angle calc) colinear points
 
+               if (polyGeom === null) continue;
+               geom.push(polyGeom);
+             }
 
-       function loadTiles(which, url, projection) {
-           var currZoom = Math.floor(geoScaleToZoom(projection.scale()));
-           var tiles = tiler$3.getTiles(projection);
+             return geom;
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "_composePolys",
+           value: function _composePolys(rings) {
+             var polys = [];
 
-           // abort inflight requests that are no longer needed
-           var cache = _mlyCache[which];
-           Object.keys(cache.inflight).forEach(function(k) {
-               var wanted = tiles.find(function(tile) { return k.indexOf(tile.id + ',') === 0; });
-               if (!wanted) {
-                   abortRequest$3(cache.inflight[k]);
-                   delete cache.inflight[k];
+             for (var i = 0, iMax = rings.length; i < iMax; i++) {
+               var ring = rings[i];
+               if (ring.poly) continue;
+               if (ring.isExteriorRing()) polys.push(new PolyOut(ring));else {
+                 var enclosingRing = ring.enclosingRing();
+                 if (!enclosingRing.poly) polys.push(new PolyOut(enclosingRing));
+                 enclosingRing.poly.addInterior(ring);
                }
-           });
+             }
 
-           tiles.forEach(function(tile) {
-               loadNextTilePage(which, currZoom, url, tile);
-           });
-       }
+             return polys;
+           }
+         }]);
 
+         return MultiPolyOut;
+       }();
+       /**
+        * NOTE:  We must be careful not to change any segments while
+        *        they are in the SplayTree. AFAIK, there's no way to tell
+        *        the tree to rebalance itself - thus before splitting
+        *        a segment that's in the tree, we remove it from the tree,
+        *        do the split, then re-insert it. (Even though splitting a
+        *        segment *shouldn't* change its correct position in the
+        *        sweep line tree, the reality is because of rounding errors,
+        *        it sometimes does.)
+        */
 
-       function loadNextTilePage(which, currZoom, url, tile) {
-           var cache = _mlyCache[which];
-           var rect = tile.extent.rectangle();
-           var maxPages = maxPageAtZoom(currZoom);
-           var nextPage = cache.nextPage[tile.id] || 0;
-           var nextURL = cache.nextURL[tile.id] || url +
-               utilQsString({
-                   per_page: maxResults,
-                   page: nextPage,
-                   client_id: clientId,
-                   bbox: [rect[0], rect[1], rect[2], rect[3]].join(','),
-               });
 
-           if (nextPage > maxPages) return;
+       var SweepLine = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
+         function SweepLine(queue) {
+           var comparator = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : Segment.compare;
 
-           var id = tile.id + ',' + String(nextPage);
-           if (cache.loaded[id] || cache.inflight[id]) return;
+           _classCallCheck(this, SweepLine);
 
-           var controller = new AbortController();
-           cache.inflight[id] = controller;
+           this.queue = queue;
+           this.tree = new Tree(comparator);
+           this.segments = [];
+         }
 
-           var options = {
-               method: 'GET',
-               signal: controller.signal,
-               headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }
-           };
+         _createClass(SweepLine, [{
+           key: "process",
+           value: function process(event) {
+             var segment = event.segment;
+             var newEvents = []; // if we've already been consumed by another segment,
+             // clean up our body parts and get out
 
-           fetch(nextURL, options)
-               .then(function(response) {
-                   if (!response.ok) {
-                       throw new Error(response.status + ' ' + response.statusText);
-                   }
-                   var linkHeader = response.headers.get('Link');
-                   if (linkHeader) {
-                       var pagination = parsePagination(linkHeader);
-                       if (pagination.next) {
-                           cache.nextURL[tile.id] = pagination.next;
-                       }
-                   }
-                   return response.json();
-               })
-               .then(function(data) {
-                   cache.loaded[id] = true;
-                   delete cache.inflight[id];
-                   if (!data || !data.features || !data.features.length) {
-                       throw new Error('No Data');
-                   }
+             if (event.consumedBy) {
+               if (event.isLeft) this.queue.remove(event.otherSE);else this.tree.remove(segment);
+               return newEvents;
+             }
 
-                   var features = data.features.map(function(feature) {
-                       var loc = feature.geometry.coordinates;
-                       var d;
-
-                       // An image (shown as a green dot on the map) is a single street photo with extra
-                       // information such as location, camera angle (CA), camera model, and so on.
-                       // Each image feature is a GeoJSON Point
-                       if (which === 'images') {
-                           d = {
-                               loc: loc,
-                               key: feature.properties.key,
-                               ca: feature.properties.ca,
-                               captured_at: feature.properties.captured_at,
-                               captured_by: feature.properties.username,
-                               pano: feature.properties.pano
-                           };
-
-                           cache.forImageKey[d.key] = d;     // cache imageKey -> image
-
-                       // Mapillary organizes images as sequences. A sequence of images are continuously captured
-                       // by a user at a give time. Sequences are shown on the map as green lines.
-                       // Each sequence feature is a GeoJSON LineString
-                       } else if (which === 'sequences') {
-                           var sequenceKey = feature.properties.key;
-                           cache.lineString[sequenceKey] = feature;           // cache sequenceKey -> lineString
-                           feature.properties.coordinateProperties.image_keys.forEach(function(imageKey) {
-                               cache.forImageKey[imageKey] = sequenceKey;     // cache imageKey -> sequenceKey
-                           });
-                           return false;    // because no `d` data worth loading into an rbush
-
-                       // An image detection is a semantic pixel area on an image. The area could indicate
-                       // sky, trees, sidewalk in the image. A detection can be a polygon, a bounding box, or a point.
-                       // Each image_detection feature is a GeoJSON Point (located where the image was taken)
-                       } else if (which === 'image_detections') {
-                           d = {
-                               key: feature.properties.key,
-                               image_key: feature.properties.image_key,
-                               value: feature.properties.value,
-                               package: feature.properties.package,
-                               shape: feature.properties.shape
-                           };
-
-                           // cache imageKey -> image_detections
-                           if (!cache.forImageKey[d.image_key]) {
-                               cache.forImageKey[d.image_key] = [];
-                           }
-                           cache.forImageKey[d.image_key].push(d);
-                           return false;    // because no `d` data worth loading into an rbush
-
-
-                       // A map feature is a real world object that can be shown on a map. It could be any object
-                       // recognized from images, manually added in images, or added on the map.
-                       // Each map feature is a GeoJSON Point (located where the feature is)
-                       } else if (which === 'map_features' || which === 'points') {
-                           d = {
-                               loc: loc,
-                               key: feature.properties.key,
-                               value: feature.properties.value,
-                               package: feature.properties.package,
-                               detections: feature.properties.detections
-                           };
-                       }
+             var node = event.isLeft ? this.tree.insert(segment) : this.tree.find(segment);
+             if (!node) throw new Error("Unable to find segment #".concat(segment.id, " ") + "[".concat(segment.leftSE.point.x, ", ").concat(segment.leftSE.point.y, "] -> ") + "[".concat(segment.rightSE.point.x, ", ").concat(segment.rightSE.point.y, "] ") + 'in SweepLine tree. Please submit a bug report.');
+             var prevNode = node;
+             var nextNode = node;
+             var prevSeg = undefined;
+             var nextSeg = undefined; // skip consumed segments still in tree
 
-                       return {
-                           minX: loc[0], minY: loc[1], maxX: loc[0], maxY: loc[1], data: d
-                       };
+             while (prevSeg === undefined) {
+               prevNode = this.tree.prev(prevNode);
+               if (prevNode === null) prevSeg = null;else if (prevNode.key.consumedBy === undefined) prevSeg = prevNode.key;
+             } // skip consumed segments still in tree
 
-                   }).filter(Boolean);
 
-                   if (cache.rtree && features) {
-                       cache.rtree.load(features);
-                   }
+             while (nextSeg === undefined) {
+               nextNode = this.tree.next(nextNode);
+               if (nextNode === null) nextSeg = null;else if (nextNode.key.consumedBy === undefined) nextSeg = nextNode.key;
+             }
 
-                   if (data.features.length === maxResults) {  // more pages to load
-                       cache.nextPage[tile.id] = nextPage + 1;
-                       loadNextTilePage(which, currZoom, url, tile);
-                   } else {
-                       cache.nextPage[tile.id] = Infinity;     // no more pages to load
-                   }
+             if (event.isLeft) {
+               // Check for intersections against the previous segment in the sweep line
+               var prevMySplitter = null;
 
-                   if (which === 'images' || which === 'sequences') {
-                       dispatch$4.call('loadedImages');
-                   } else if (which === 'map_features') {
-                       dispatch$4.call('loadedSigns');
-                   } else if (which === 'points') {
-                       dispatch$4.call('loadedMapFeatures');
-                   }
-               })
-               .catch(function() {
-                   cache.loaded[id] = true;
-                   delete cache.inflight[id];
-               });
-       }
+               if (prevSeg) {
+                 var prevInter = prevSeg.getIntersection(segment);
 
-       // extract links to pages of API results
-       function parsePagination(links) {
-           return links.split(',').map(function(rel) {
-               var elements = rel.split(';');
-               if (elements.length === 2) {
-                   return [
-                       /<(.+)>/.exec(elements[0])[1],
-                       /rel="(.+)"/.exec(elements[1])[1]
-                   ];
-               } else {
-                   return ['',''];
-               }
-           }).reduce(function(pagination, val) {
-               pagination[val[1]] = val[0];
-               return pagination;
-           }, {});
-       }
+                 if (prevInter !== null) {
+                   if (!segment.isAnEndpoint(prevInter)) prevMySplitter = prevInter;
 
+                   if (!prevSeg.isAnEndpoint(prevInter)) {
+                     var newEventsFromSplit = this._splitSafely(prevSeg, prevInter);
 
-       // partition viewport into higher zoom tiles
-       function partitionViewport(projection) {
-           var z = geoScaleToZoom(projection.scale());
-           var z2 = (Math.ceil(z * 2) / 2) + 2.5;   // round to next 0.5 and add 2.5
-           var tiler = utilTiler().zoomExtent([z2, z2]);
+                     for (var i = 0, iMax = newEventsFromSplit.length; i < iMax; i++) {
+                       newEvents.push(newEventsFromSplit[i]);
+                     }
+                   }
+                 }
+               } // Check for intersections against the next segment in the sweep line
 
-           return tiler.getTiles(projection)
-               .map(function(tile) { return tile.extent; });
-       }
 
+               var nextMySplitter = null;
 
-       // no more than `limit` results per partition.
-       function searchLimited(limit, projection, rtree) {
-           limit = limit || 5;
+               if (nextSeg) {
+                 var nextInter = nextSeg.getIntersection(segment);
 
-           return partitionViewport(projection)
-               .reduce(function(result, extent) {
-                   var found = rtree.search(extent.bbox())
-                       .slice(0, limit)
-                       .map(function(d) { return d.data; });
+                 if (nextInter !== null) {
+                   if (!segment.isAnEndpoint(nextInter)) nextMySplitter = nextInter;
 
-                   return (found.length ? result.concat(found) : result);
-               }, []);
-       }
+                   if (!nextSeg.isAnEndpoint(nextInter)) {
+                     var _newEventsFromSplit = this._splitSafely(nextSeg, nextInter);
 
+                     for (var _i = 0, _iMax = _newEventsFromSplit.length; _i < _iMax; _i++) {
+                       newEvents.push(_newEventsFromSplit[_i]);
+                     }
+                   }
+                 }
+               } // For simplicity, even if we find more than one intersection we only
+               // spilt on the 'earliest' (sweep-line style) of the intersections.
+               // The other intersection will be handled in a future process().
 
 
-       var serviceMapillary = {
+               if (prevMySplitter !== null || nextMySplitter !== null) {
+                 var mySplitter = null;
+                 if (prevMySplitter === null) mySplitter = nextMySplitter;else if (nextMySplitter === null) mySplitter = prevMySplitter;else {
+                   var cmpSplitters = SweepEvent.comparePoints(prevMySplitter, nextMySplitter);
+                   mySplitter = cmpSplitters <= 0 ? prevMySplitter : nextMySplitter;
+                 } // Rounding errors can cause changes in ordering,
+                 // so remove afected segments and right sweep events before splitting
 
-           init: function() {
-               if (!_mlyCache) {
-                   this.reset();
-               }
+                 this.queue.remove(segment.rightSE);
+                 newEvents.push(segment.rightSE);
 
-               this.event = utilRebind(this, dispatch$4, 'on');
-           },
+                 var _newEventsFromSplit2 = segment.split(mySplitter);
 
-           reset: function() {
-               if (_mlyCache) {
-                   Object.values(_mlyCache.images.inflight).forEach(abortRequest$3);
-                   Object.values(_mlyCache.image_detections.inflight).forEach(abortRequest$3);
-                   Object.values(_mlyCache.map_features.inflight).forEach(abortRequest$3);
-                   Object.values(_mlyCache.points.inflight).forEach(abortRequest$3);
-                   Object.values(_mlyCache.sequences.inflight).forEach(abortRequest$3);
-               }
-
-               _mlyCache = {
-                   images: { inflight: {}, loaded: {}, nextPage: {}, nextURL: {}, rtree: new RBush(), forImageKey: {} },
-                   image_detections: { inflight: {}, loaded: {}, nextPage: {}, nextURL: {}, forImageKey: {} },
-                   map_features: { inflight: {}, loaded: {}, nextPage: {}, nextURL: {}, rtree: new RBush() },
-                   points: { inflight: {}, loaded: {}, nextPage: {}, nextURL: {}, rtree: new RBush() },
-                   sequences: { inflight: {}, loaded: {}, nextPage: {}, nextURL: {}, rtree: new RBush(), forImageKey: {}, lineString: {} }
-               };
+                 for (var _i2 = 0, _iMax2 = _newEventsFromSplit2.length; _i2 < _iMax2; _i2++) {
+                   newEvents.push(_newEventsFromSplit2[_i2]);
+                 }
+               }
 
-               _mlySelectedImageKey = null;
-               _mlyClicks = [];
-           },
+               if (newEvents.length > 0) {
+                 // We found some intersections, so re-do the current event to
+                 // make sure sweep line ordering is totally consistent for later
+                 // use with the segment 'prev' pointers
+                 this.tree.remove(segment);
+                 newEvents.push(event);
+               } else {
+                 // done with left event
+                 this.segments.push(segment);
+                 segment.prev = prevSeg;
+               }
+             } else {
+               // event.isRight
+               // since we're about to be removed from the sweep line, check for
+               // intersections between our previous and next segments
+               if (prevSeg && nextSeg) {
+                 var inter = prevSeg.getIntersection(nextSeg);
+
+                 if (inter !== null) {
+                   if (!prevSeg.isAnEndpoint(inter)) {
+                     var _newEventsFromSplit3 = this._splitSafely(prevSeg, inter);
+
+                     for (var _i3 = 0, _iMax3 = _newEventsFromSplit3.length; _i3 < _iMax3; _i3++) {
+                       newEvents.push(_newEventsFromSplit3[_i3]);
+                     }
+                   }
 
+                   if (!nextSeg.isAnEndpoint(inter)) {
+                     var _newEventsFromSplit4 = this._splitSafely(nextSeg, inter);
 
-           images: function(projection) {
-               var limit = 5;
-               return searchLimited(limit, projection, _mlyCache.images.rtree);
-           },
+                     for (var _i4 = 0, _iMax4 = _newEventsFromSplit4.length; _i4 < _iMax4; _i4++) {
+                       newEvents.push(_newEventsFromSplit4[_i4]);
+                     }
+                   }
+                 }
+               }
 
+               this.tree.remove(segment);
+             }
 
-           signs: function(projection) {
-               var limit = 5;
-               return searchLimited(limit, projection, _mlyCache.map_features.rtree);
-           },
+             return newEvents;
+           }
+           /* Safely split a segment that is currently in the datastructures
+            * IE - a segment other than the one that is currently being processed. */
 
+         }, {
+           key: "_splitSafely",
+           value: function _splitSafely(seg, pt) {
+             // Rounding errors can cause changes in ordering,
+             // so remove afected segments and right sweep events before splitting
+             // removeNode() doesn't work, so have re-find the seg
+             // https://github.com/w8r/splay-tree/pull/5
+             this.tree.remove(seg);
+             var rightSE = seg.rightSE;
+             this.queue.remove(rightSE);
+             var newEvents = seg.split(pt);
+             newEvents.push(rightSE); // splitting can trigger consumption
 
-           mapFeatures: function(projection) {
-               var limit = 5;
-               return searchLimited(limit, projection, _mlyCache.points.rtree);
-           },
+             if (seg.consumedBy === undefined) this.tree.insert(seg);
+             return newEvents;
+           }
+         }]);
 
+         return SweepLine;
+       }();
 
-           cachedImage: function(imageKey) {
-               return _mlyCache.images.forImageKey[imageKey];
-           },
+       var POLYGON_CLIPPING_MAX_QUEUE_SIZE = typeof process !== 'undefined' && process.env.POLYGON_CLIPPING_MAX_QUEUE_SIZE || 1000000;
+       var POLYGON_CLIPPING_MAX_SWEEPLINE_SEGMENTS = typeof process !== 'undefined' && process.env.POLYGON_CLIPPING_MAX_SWEEPLINE_SEGMENTS || 1000000;
 
+       var Operation = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
+         function Operation() {
+           _classCallCheck(this, Operation);
+         }
 
-           sequences: function(projection) {
-               var viewport = projection.clipExtent();
-               var min = [viewport[0][0], viewport[1][1]];
-               var max = [viewport[1][0], viewport[0][1]];
-               var bbox = geoExtent(projection.invert(min), projection.invert(max)).bbox();
-               var sequenceKeys = {};
+         _createClass(Operation, [{
+           key: "run",
+           value: function run(type, geom, moreGeoms) {
+             operation.type = type;
+             rounder.reset();
+             /* Convert inputs to MultiPoly objects */
 
-               // all sequences for images in viewport
-               _mlyCache.images.rtree.search(bbox)
-                   .forEach(function(d) {
-                       var sequenceKey = _mlyCache.sequences.forImageKey[d.data.key];
-                       if (sequenceKey) {
-                           sequenceKeys[sequenceKey] = true;
-                       }
-                   });
+             var multipolys = [new MultiPolyIn(geom, true)];
 
-               // Return lineStrings for the sequences
-               return Object.keys(sequenceKeys).map(function(sequenceKey) {
-                   return _mlyCache.sequences.lineString[sequenceKey];
-               });
-           },
+             for (var i = 0, iMax = moreGeoms.length; i < iMax; i++) {
+               multipolys.push(new MultiPolyIn(moreGeoms[i], false));
+             }
 
+             operation.numMultiPolys = multipolys.length;
+             /* BBox optimization for difference operation
+              * If the bbox of a multipolygon that's part of the clipping doesn't
+              * intersect the bbox of the subject at all, we can just drop that
+              * multiploygon. */
 
-           signsSupported: function() {
-               return true;
-           },
+             if (operation.type === 'difference') {
+               // in place removal
+               var subject = multipolys[0];
+               var _i = 1;
 
+               while (_i < multipolys.length) {
+                 if (getBboxOverlap(multipolys[_i].bbox, subject.bbox) !== null) _i++;else multipolys.splice(_i, 1);
+               }
+             }
+             /* BBox optimization for intersection operation
+              * If we can find any pair of multipolygons whose bbox does not overlap,
+              * then the result will be empty. */
 
-           loadImages: function(projection) {
-               loadTiles('images', apibase + 'images?sort_by=key&', projection);
-               loadTiles('sequences', apibase + 'sequences?sort_by=key&', projection);
-           },
 
+             if (operation.type === 'intersection') {
+               // TODO: this is O(n^2) in number of polygons. By sorting the bboxes,
+               //       it could be optimized to O(n * ln(n))
+               for (var _i2 = 0, _iMax = multipolys.length; _i2 < _iMax; _i2++) {
+                 var mpA = multipolys[_i2];
 
-           loadSigns: function(projection) {
-               // if we are looking at signs, we'll actually need to fetch images too
-               loadTiles('images', apibase + 'images?sort_by=key&', projection);
-               loadTiles('map_features', apibase + 'map_features?layers=trafficsigns&min_nbr_image_detections=2&sort_by=key&', projection);
-               loadTiles('image_detections', apibase + 'image_detections?layers=trafficsigns&sort_by=key&', projection);
-           },
+                 for (var j = _i2 + 1, jMax = multipolys.length; j < jMax; j++) {
+                   if (getBboxOverlap(mpA.bbox, multipolys[j].bbox) === null) return [];
+                 }
+               }
+             }
+             /* Put segment endpoints in a priority queue */
 
 
-           loadMapFeatures: function(projection) {
-               // if we are looking at signs, we'll actually need to fetch images too
-               loadTiles('images', apibase + 'images?sort_by=key', projection);
-               loadTiles('points', apibase + 'map_features?layers=points&min_nbr_image_detections=2&sort_by=key&values=' + mapFeatureConfig.values + '&', projection);
-               loadTiles('image_detections', apibase + 'image_detections?layers=points&sort_by=key&values=' + mapFeatureConfig.values + '&', projection);
-           },
+             var queue = new Tree(SweepEvent.compare);
 
+             for (var _i3 = 0, _iMax2 = multipolys.length; _i3 < _iMax2; _i3++) {
+               var sweepEvents = multipolys[_i3].getSweepEvents();
 
-           loadViewer: function(context) {
-               // add mly-wrapper
-               var wrap = context.container().select('.photoviewer')
-                   .selectAll('.mly-wrapper')
-                   .data([0]);
+               for (var _j = 0, _jMax = sweepEvents.length; _j < _jMax; _j++) {
+                 queue.insert(sweepEvents[_j]);
 
-               wrap.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('id', 'ideditor-mly')
-                   .attr('class', 'photo-wrapper mly-wrapper')
-                   .classed('hide', true);
+                 if (queue.size > POLYGON_CLIPPING_MAX_QUEUE_SIZE) {
+                   // prevents an infinite loop, an otherwise common manifestation of bugs
+                   throw new Error('Infinite loop when putting segment endpoints in a priority queue ' + '(queue size too big). Please file a bug report.');
+                 }
+               }
+             }
+             /* Pass the sweep line over those endpoints */
 
-               // load mapillary-viewercss
-               select('head').selectAll('#ideditor-mapillary-viewercss')
-                   .data([0])
-                   .enter()
-                   .append('link')
-                   .attr('id', 'ideditor-mapillary-viewercss')
-                   .attr('rel', 'stylesheet')
-                   .attr('href', context.asset(viewercss));
 
-               // load mapillary-viewerjs
-               select('head').selectAll('#ideditor-mapillary-viewerjs')
-                   .data([0])
-                   .enter()
-                   .append('script')
-                   .attr('id', 'ideditor-mapillary-viewerjs')
-                   .attr('src', context.asset(viewerjs));
-
-               // load mapillary signs sprite
-               var defs = context.container().select('defs');
-               defs.call(svgDefs(context).addSprites, ['mapillary-sprite', 'mapillary-object-sprite'], false /* don't override colors */ );
-
-               // Register viewer resize handler
-               context.ui().photoviewer.on('resize.mapillary', function() {
-                   if (_mlyViewer) {
-                       _mlyViewer.resize();
-                   }
-               });
-           },
+             var sweepLine = new SweepLine(queue);
+             var prevQueueSize = queue.size;
+             var node = queue.pop();
 
+             while (node) {
+               var evt = node.key;
 
-           showViewer: function(context) {
-               var wrap = context.container().select('.photoviewer')
-                   .classed('hide', false);
+               if (queue.size === prevQueueSize) {
+                 // prevents an infinite loop, an otherwise common manifestation of bugs
+                 var seg = evt.segment;
+                 throw new Error("Unable to pop() ".concat(evt.isLeft ? 'left' : 'right', " SweepEvent ") + "[".concat(evt.point.x, ", ").concat(evt.point.y, "] from segment #").concat(seg.id, " ") + "[".concat(seg.leftSE.point.x, ", ").concat(seg.leftSE.point.y, "] -> ") + "[".concat(seg.rightSE.point.x, ", ").concat(seg.rightSE.point.y, "] from queue. ") + 'Please file a bug report.');
+               }
 
-               var isHidden = wrap.selectAll('.photo-wrapper.mly-wrapper.hide').size();
+               if (queue.size > POLYGON_CLIPPING_MAX_QUEUE_SIZE) {
+                 // prevents an infinite loop, an otherwise common manifestation of bugs
+                 throw new Error('Infinite loop when passing sweep line over endpoints ' + '(queue size too big). Please file a bug report.');
+               }
 
-               if (isHidden && _mlyViewer) {
-                   wrap
-                       .selectAll('.photo-wrapper:not(.mly-wrapper)')
-                       .classed('hide', true);
+               if (sweepLine.segments.length > POLYGON_CLIPPING_MAX_SWEEPLINE_SEGMENTS) {
+                 // prevents an infinite loop, an otherwise common manifestation of bugs
+                 throw new Error('Infinite loop when passing sweep line over endpoints ' + '(too many sweep line segments). Please file a bug report.');
+               }
 
-                   wrap
-                       .selectAll('.photo-wrapper.mly-wrapper')
-                       .classed('hide', false);
+               var newEvents = sweepLine.process(evt);
 
-                   _mlyViewer.resize();
+               for (var _i4 = 0, _iMax3 = newEvents.length; _i4 < _iMax3; _i4++) {
+                 var _evt = newEvents[_i4];
+                 if (_evt.consumedBy === undefined) queue.insert(_evt);
                }
 
-               return this;
-           },
+               prevQueueSize = queue.size;
+               node = queue.pop();
+             } // free some memory we don't need anymore
 
 
-           hideViewer: function(context) {
-               _mlySelectedImageKey = null;
+             rounder.reset();
+             /* Collect and compile segments we're keeping into a multipolygon */
 
-               if (!_mlyFallback && _mlyViewer) {
-                   _mlyViewer.getComponent('sequence').stop();
-               }
+             var ringsOut = RingOut.factory(sweepLine.segments);
+             var result = new MultiPolyOut(ringsOut);
+             return result.getGeom();
+           }
+         }]);
 
-               var viewer = context.container().select('.photoviewer');
-               if (!viewer.empty()) viewer.datum(null);
+         return Operation;
+       }(); // singleton available by import
 
-               viewer
-                   .classed('hide', true)
-                   .selectAll('.photo-wrapper')
-                   .classed('hide', true);
 
-               context.container().selectAll('.viewfield-group, .sequence, .icon-detected')
-                   .classed('currentView', false);
+       var operation = new Operation();
 
-               return this.setStyles(context, null, true);
-           },
+       var union = function union(geom) {
+         for (var _len = arguments.length, moreGeoms = new Array(_len > 1 ? _len - 1 : 0), _key = 1; _key < _len; _key++) {
+           moreGeoms[_key - 1] = arguments[_key];
+         }
 
+         return operation.run('union', geom, moreGeoms);
+       };
 
-           parsePagination: parsePagination,
+       var intersection$1 = function intersection(geom) {
+         for (var _len2 = arguments.length, moreGeoms = new Array(_len2 > 1 ? _len2 - 1 : 0), _key2 = 1; _key2 < _len2; _key2++) {
+           moreGeoms[_key2 - 1] = arguments[_key2];
+         }
 
+         return operation.run('intersection', geom, moreGeoms);
+       };
 
-           updateViewer: function(context, imageKey) {
-               if (!imageKey) return this;
+       var xor = function xor(geom) {
+         for (var _len3 = arguments.length, moreGeoms = new Array(_len3 > 1 ? _len3 - 1 : 0), _key3 = 1; _key3 < _len3; _key3++) {
+           moreGeoms[_key3 - 1] = arguments[_key3];
+         }
 
-               if (!_mlyViewer) {
-                   this.initViewer(context, imageKey);
-               } else {
-                   _mlyViewer.moveToKey(imageKey)
-                       .catch(function(e) { console.error('mly3', e); });  // eslint-disable-line no-console
-               }
+         return operation.run('xor', geom, moreGeoms);
+       };
 
-               return this;
-           },
+       var difference = function difference(subjectGeom) {
+         for (var _len4 = arguments.length, clippingGeoms = new Array(_len4 > 1 ? _len4 - 1 : 0), _key4 = 1; _key4 < _len4; _key4++) {
+           clippingGeoms[_key4 - 1] = arguments[_key4];
+         }
 
+         return operation.run('difference', subjectGeom, clippingGeoms);
+       };
 
-           initViewer: function(context, imageKey) {
-               var that = this;
-               if (window.Mapillary && imageKey) {
-                   var opts = {
-                       baseImageSize: 320,
-                       component: {
-                           cover: false,
-                           keyboard: false,
-                           tag: true
-                       }
-                   };
+       var index = {
+         union: union,
+         intersection: intersection$1,
+         xor: xor,
+         difference: difference
+       };
 
-                   // Disable components requiring WebGL support
-                   if (!Mapillary.isSupported() && Mapillary.isFallbackSupported()) {
-                       _mlyFallback = true;
-                       opts.component = {
-                           cover: false,
-                           direction: false,
-                           imagePlane: false,
-                           keyboard: false,
-                           mouse: false,
-                           sequence: false,
-                           tag: false,
-                           image: true,        // fallback
-                           navigation: true    // fallback
-                       };
-                   }
+       var geojsonPrecision = createCommonjsModule(function (module) {
+         (function () {
+           function parse(t, coordinatePrecision, extrasPrecision) {
+             function point(p) {
+               return p.map(function (e, index) {
+                 if (index < 2) {
+                   return 1 * e.toFixed(coordinatePrecision);
+                 } else {
+                   return 1 * e.toFixed(extrasPrecision);
+                 }
+               });
+             }
 
-                   _mlyViewer = new Mapillary.Viewer('ideditor-mly', clientId, null, opts);
-                   _mlyViewer.on('nodechanged', nodeChanged);
-                   _mlyViewer.on('bearingchanged', bearingChanged);
-                   _mlyViewer.moveToKey(imageKey)
-                       .catch(function(e) { console.error('mly3', e); });  // eslint-disable-line no-console
-               }
-
-               // nodeChanged: called after the viewer has changed images and is ready.
-               //
-               // There is some logic here to batch up clicks into a _mlyClicks array
-               // because the user might click on a lot of markers quickly and nodechanged
-               // may be called out of order asychronously.
-               //
-               // Clicks are added to the array in `selectedImage` and removed here.
-               //
-               function nodeChanged(node) {
-                   if (!_mlyFallback) {
-                       _mlyViewer.getComponent('tag').removeAll();  // remove previous detections
-                   }
+             function multi(l) {
+               return l.map(point);
+             }
 
-                   var clicks = _mlyClicks;
-                   var index = clicks.indexOf(node.key);
-                   var selectedKey = _mlySelectedImageKey;
+             function poly(p) {
+               return p.map(multi);
+             }
 
-                   if (index > -1) {              // `nodechanged` initiated from clicking on a marker..
-                       clicks.splice(index, 1);   // remove the click
-                       // If `node.key` matches the current _mlySelectedImageKey, call `selectImage()`
-                       // one more time to update the detections and attribution..
-                       if (node.key === selectedKey) {
-                           that.selectImage(context, _mlySelectedImageKey, true);
-                       }
-                   } else {             // `nodechanged` initiated from the Mapillary viewer controls..
-                       var loc = node.computedLatLon ? [node.computedLatLon.lon, node.computedLatLon.lat] : [node.latLon.lon, node.latLon.lat];
-                       context.map().centerEase(loc);
-                       that.selectImage(context, node.key, true);
-                   }
-               }
+             function multiPoly(m) {
+               return m.map(poly);
+             }
 
-               function bearingChanged(e) {
-                   dispatch$4.call('bearingChanged', undefined, e);
+             function geometry(obj) {
+               if (!obj) {
+                 return {};
                }
-           },
 
+               switch (obj.type) {
+                 case "Point":
+                   obj.coordinates = point(obj.coordinates);
+                   return obj;
 
-           // Pass in the image key string as `imageKey`.
-           // This allows images to be selected from places that dont have access
-           // to the full image datum (like the street signs layer or the js viewer)
-           selectImage: function(context, imageKey, fromViewer) {
+                 case "LineString":
+                 case "MultiPoint":
+                   obj.coordinates = multi(obj.coordinates);
+                   return obj;
 
-               _mlySelectedImageKey = imageKey;
+                 case "Polygon":
+                 case "MultiLineString":
+                   obj.coordinates = poly(obj.coordinates);
+                   return obj;
 
-               // Note the datum could be missing, but we'll try to carry on anyway.
-               // There just might be a delay before user sees detections, captured_at, etc.
-               var d = _mlyCache.images.forImageKey[imageKey];
+                 case "MultiPolygon":
+                   obj.coordinates = multiPoly(obj.coordinates);
+                   return obj;
 
-               var viewer = context.container().select('.photoviewer');
-               if (!viewer.empty()) viewer.datum(d);
+                 case "GeometryCollection":
+                   obj.geometries = obj.geometries.map(geometry);
+                   return obj;
 
-               imageKey = (d && d.key) || imageKey;
-               if (!fromViewer && imageKey) {
-                   _mlyClicks.push(imageKey);
+                 default:
+                   return {};
                }
+             }
 
-               this.setStyles(context, null, true);
+             function feature(obj) {
+               obj.geometry = geometry(obj.geometry);
+               return obj;
+             }
 
-               // if signs signs are shown, highlight the ones that appear in this image
-               context.container().selectAll('.layer-mapillary-signs .icon-detected')
-                   .classed('currentView', function(d) {
-                       return d.detections.some(function(detection) {
-                           return detection.image_key === imageKey;
-                       });
-                   });
+             function featureCollection(f) {
+               f.features = f.features.map(feature);
+               return f;
+             }
 
-               if (d) {
-                   this.updateDetections(d);
-               }
+             function geometryCollection(g) {
+               g.geometries = g.geometries.map(geometry);
+               return g;
+             }
 
-               return this;
-           },
+             if (!t) {
+               return t;
+             }
 
+             switch (t.type) {
+               case "Feature":
+                 return feature(t);
 
-           getSelectedImageKey: function() {
-               return _mlySelectedImageKey;
-           },
+               case "GeometryCollection":
+                 return geometryCollection(t);
 
+               case "FeatureCollection":
+                 return featureCollection(t);
 
-           getSequenceKeyForImageKey: function(imageKey) {
-               return _mlyCache.sequences.forImageKey[imageKey];
-           },
+               case "Point":
+               case "LineString":
+               case "Polygon":
+               case "MultiPoint":
+               case "MultiPolygon":
+               case "MultiLineString":
+                 return geometry(t);
 
+               default:
+                 return t;
+             }
+           }
 
-           // Updates the currently highlighted sequence and selected bubble.
-           // Reset is only necessary when interacting with the viewport because
-           // this implicitly changes the currently selected bubble/sequence
-           setStyles: function(context, hovered, reset) {
-               if (reset) {  // reset all layers
-                   context.container().selectAll('.viewfield-group')
-                       .classed('highlighted', false)
-                       .classed('hovered', false)
-                       .classed('currentView', false);
+           module.exports = parse;
+           module.exports.parse = parse;
+         })();
+       });
 
-                   context.container().selectAll('.sequence')
-                       .classed('highlighted', false)
-                       .classed('currentView', false);
-               }
+       var FORCED$3 = fails(function () {
+         return new Date(NaN).toJSON() !== null
+           || Date.prototype.toJSON.call({ toISOString: function () { return 1; } }) !== 1;
+       });
 
-               var hoveredImageKey = hovered && hovered.key;
-               var hoveredSequenceKey = hoveredImageKey && this.getSequenceKeyForImageKey(hoveredImageKey);
-               var hoveredLineString = hoveredSequenceKey && _mlyCache.sequences.lineString[hoveredSequenceKey];
-               var hoveredImageKeys = (hoveredLineString && hoveredLineString.properties.coordinateProperties.image_keys) || [];
+       // `Date.prototype.toJSON` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-date.prototype.tojson
+       _export({ target: 'Date', proto: true, forced: FORCED$3 }, {
+         // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars -- required for `.length`
+         toJSON: function toJSON(key) {
+           var O = toObject(this);
+           var pv = toPrimitive(O);
+           return typeof pv == 'number' && !isFinite(pv) ? null : O.toISOString();
+         }
+       });
 
-               var selectedImageKey = _mlySelectedImageKey;
-               var selectedSequenceKey = selectedImageKey && this.getSequenceKeyForImageKey(selectedImageKey);
-               var selectedLineString = selectedSequenceKey && _mlyCache.sequences.lineString[selectedSequenceKey];
-               var selectedImageKeys = (selectedLineString && selectedLineString.properties.coordinateProperties.image_keys) || [];
+       // `URL.prototype.toJSON` method
+       // https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-tojson
+       _export({ target: 'URL', proto: true, enumerable: true }, {
+         toJSON: function toJSON() {
+           return URL.prototype.toString.call(this);
+         }
+       });
 
-               // highlight sibling viewfields on either the selected or the hovered sequences
-               var highlightedImageKeys = utilArrayUnion(hoveredImageKeys, selectedImageKeys);
+       function isObject$3(obj) {
+         return _typeof(obj) === 'object' && obj !== null;
+       }
 
-               context.container().selectAll('.layer-mapillary .viewfield-group')
-                   .classed('highlighted', function(d) { return highlightedImageKeys.indexOf(d.key) !== -1; })
-                   .classed('hovered', function(d) { return d.key === hoveredImageKey; })
-                   .classed('currentView', function(d) { return d.key === selectedImageKey; });
+       function forEach(obj, cb) {
+         if (Array.isArray(obj)) {
+           obj.forEach(cb);
+         } else if (isObject$3(obj)) {
+           Object.keys(obj).forEach(function (key) {
+             var val = obj[key];
+             cb(val, key);
+           });
+         }
+       }
 
-               context.container().selectAll('.layer-mapillary .sequence')
-                   .classed('highlighted', function(d) { return d.properties.key === hoveredSequenceKey; })
-                   .classed('currentView', function(d) { return d.properties.key === selectedSequenceKey; });
+       function getTreeDepth(obj) {
+         var depth = 0;
 
-               // update viewfields if needed
-               context.container().selectAll('.viewfield-group .viewfield')
-                   .attr('d', viewfieldPath);
+         if (Array.isArray(obj) || isObject$3(obj)) {
+           forEach(obj, function (val) {
+             if (Array.isArray(val) || isObject$3(val)) {
+               var tmpDepth = getTreeDepth(val);
 
-               function viewfieldPath() {
-                   var d = this.parentNode.__data__;
-                   if (d.pano && d.key !== selectedImageKey) {
-                       return 'M 8,13 m -10,0 a 10,10 0 1,0 20,0 a 10,10 0 1,0 -20,0';
-                   } else {
-                       return 'M 6,9 C 8,8.4 8,8.4 10,9 L 16,-2 C 12,-5 4,-5 0,-2 z';
-                   }
+               if (tmpDepth > depth) {
+                 depth = tmpDepth;
                }
+             }
+           });
+           return depth + 1;
+         }
 
-               return this;
-           },
-
-
-           updateDetections: function(d) {
-               if (!_mlyViewer || _mlyFallback) return;
-
-               var imageKey = d && d.key;
-               if (!imageKey) return;
+         return depth;
+       }
 
-               var detections = _mlyCache.image_detections.forImageKey[imageKey] || [];
-               detections.forEach(function(data) {
-                   var tag = makeTag(data);
-                   if (tag) {
-                       var tagComponent = _mlyViewer.getComponent('tag');
-                       tagComponent.add([tag]);
-                   }
-               });
+       function stringify(obj, options) {
+         options = options || {};
+         var indent = JSON.stringify([1], null, get(options, 'indent', 2)).slice(2, -3);
+         var addMargin = get(options, 'margins', false);
+         var addArrayMargin = get(options, 'arrayMargins', false);
+         var addObjectMargin = get(options, 'objectMargins', false);
+         var maxLength = indent === '' ? Infinity : get(options, 'maxLength', 80);
+         var maxNesting = get(options, 'maxNesting', Infinity);
+         return function _stringify(obj, currentIndent, reserved) {
+           if (obj && typeof obj.toJSON === 'function') {
+             obj = obj.toJSON();
+           }
 
-               function makeTag(data) {
-                   var valueParts = data.value.split('--');
-                   if (valueParts.length !== 3) return;
-
-                   var text = valueParts[1].replace(/-/g, ' ');
-                   var tag;
-
-                   // Currently only two shapes <Polygon|Point>
-                   if (data.shape.type === 'Polygon') {
-                       var polygonGeometry = new Mapillary
-                           .TagComponent
-                           .PolygonGeometry(data.shape.coordinates[0]);
-
-                       tag = new Mapillary.TagComponent.OutlineTag(
-                           data.key,
-                           polygonGeometry,
-                           {
-                               text: text,
-                               textColor: 0xffff00,
-                               lineColor: 0xffff00,
-                               lineWidth: 2,
-                               fillColor: 0xffff00,
-                               fillOpacity: 0.3,
-                           }
-                       );
+           var string = JSON.stringify(obj);
 
-                   } else if (data.shape.type === 'Point') {
-                       var pointGeometry = new Mapillary
-                           .TagComponent
-                           .PointGeometry(data.shape.coordinates[0]);
-
-                       tag = new Mapillary.TagComponent.SpotTag(
-                           data.key,
-                           pointGeometry,
-                           {
-                               text: text,
-                               color: 0xffff00,
-                               textColor: 0xffff00
-                           }
-                       );
-                   }
+           if (string === undefined) {
+             return string;
+           }
 
-                   return tag;
-               }
-           },
+           var length = maxLength - currentIndent.length - reserved;
+           var treeDepth = getTreeDepth(obj);
 
+           if (treeDepth <= maxNesting && string.length <= length) {
+             var prettified = prettify(string, {
+               addMargin: addMargin,
+               addArrayMargin: addArrayMargin,
+               addObjectMargin: addObjectMargin
+             });
 
-           cache: function() {
-               return _mlyCache;
+             if (prettified.length <= length) {
+               return prettified;
+             }
            }
 
-       };
-
-       function validationIssue(attrs) {
-           this.type = attrs.type;                // required - name of rule that created the issue (e.g. 'missing_tag')
-           this.subtype = attrs.subtype;          // optional - category of the issue within the type (e.g. 'relation_type' under 'missing_tag')
-           this.severity = attrs.severity;        // required - 'warning' or 'error'
-           this.message = attrs.message;          // required - function returning localized string
-           this.reference = attrs.reference;      // optional - function(selection) to render reference information
-           this.entityIds = attrs.entityIds;      // optional - array of IDs of entities involved in the issue
-           this.loc = attrs.loc;                  // optional - [lon, lat] to zoom in on to see the issue
-           this.data = attrs.data;                // optional - object containing extra data for the fixes
-           this.dynamicFixes = attrs.dynamicFixes;// optional - function(context) returning fixes
-           this.hash = attrs.hash;                // optional - string to further differentiate the issue
-
-           this.id = generateID.apply(this);      // generated - see below
-           this.autoFix = null;                   // generated - if autofix exists, will be set below
+           if (isObject$3(obj)) {
+             var nextIndent = currentIndent + indent;
+             var items = [];
+             var delimiters;
 
-           // A unique, deterministic string hash.
-           // Issues with identical id values are considered identical.
-           function generateID() {
-               var parts = [this.type];
+             var comma = function comma(array, index) {
+               return index === array.length - 1 ? 0 : 1;
+             };
 
-               if (this.hash) {   // subclasses can pass in their own differentiator
-                   parts.push(this.hash);
+             if (Array.isArray(obj)) {
+               for (var index = 0; index < obj.length; index++) {
+                 items.push(_stringify(obj[index], nextIndent, comma(obj, index)) || 'null');
                }
 
-               if (this.subtype) {
-                   parts.push(this.subtype);
-               }
+               delimiters = '[]';
+             } else {
+               Object.keys(obj).forEach(function (key, index, array) {
+                 var keyPart = JSON.stringify(key) + ': ';
 
-               // include the entities this issue is for
-               // (sort them so the id is deterministic)
-               if (this.entityIds) {
-                   var entityKeys = this.entityIds.slice().sort();
-                   parts.push.apply(parts, entityKeys);
-               }
+                 var value = _stringify(obj[key], nextIndent, keyPart.length + comma(array, index));
+
+                 if (value !== undefined) {
+                   items.push(keyPart + value);
+                 }
+               });
+               delimiters = '{}';
+             }
 
-               return parts.join(':');
+             if (items.length > 0) {
+               return [delimiters[0], indent + items.join(',\n' + nextIndent), delimiters[1]].join('\n' + currentIndent);
+             }
            }
 
-           this.extent = function(resolver) {
-               if (this.loc) {
-                   return geoExtent(this.loc);
-               }
-               if (this.entityIds && this.entityIds.length) {
-                   return this.entityIds.reduce(function(extent, entityId) {
-                       return extent.extend(resolver.entity(entityId).extent(resolver));
-                   }, geoExtent());
-               }
-               return null;
-           };
+           return string;
+         }(obj, '', 0);
+       } // Note: This regex matches even invalid JSON strings, but since we’re
+       // working on the output of `JSON.stringify` we know that only valid strings
+       // are present (unless the user supplied a weird `options.indent` but in
+       // that case we don’t care since the output would be invalid anyway).
 
-           this.fixes = function(context) {
-               var fixes = this.dynamicFixes ? this.dynamicFixes(context) : [];
-               var issue = this;
 
-               if (issue.severity === 'warning') {
-                   // allow ignoring any issue that's not an error
-                   fixes.push(new validationIssueFix({
-                       title: _t('issues.fix.ignore_issue.title'),
-                       icon: 'iD-icon-close',
-                       onClick: function() {
-                           context.validator().ignoreIssue(this.issue.id);
-                       }
-                   }));
-               }
+       var stringOrChar = /("(?:[^\\"]|\\.)*")|[:,\][}{]/g;
 
-               fixes.forEach(function(fix) {
-                   fix.id = fix.title;
-                   // add a reference to the issue for use in actions
-                   fix.issue = issue;
-                   if (fix.autoArgs) {
-                       issue.autoFix = fix;
-                   }
-               });
-               return fixes;
-           };
+       function prettify(string, options) {
+         options = options || {};
+         var tokens = {
+           '{': '{',
+           '}': '}',
+           '[': '[',
+           ']': ']',
+           ',': ', ',
+           ':': ': '
+         };
 
-       }
+         if (options.addMargin || options.addObjectMargin) {
+           tokens['{'] = '{ ';
+           tokens['}'] = ' }';
+         }
 
+         if (options.addMargin || options.addArrayMargin) {
+           tokens['['] = '[ ';
+           tokens[']'] = ' ]';
+         }
 
-       function validationIssueFix(attrs) {
-           this.title = attrs.title;                   // Required
-           this.onClick = attrs.onClick;               // Optional - the function to run to apply the fix
-           this.disabledReason = attrs.disabledReason; // Optional - a string explaining why the fix is unavailable, if any
-           this.icon = attrs.icon;                     // Optional - shows 'iD-icon-wrench' if not set
-           this.entityIds = attrs.entityIds || [];     // Optional - used for hover-higlighting.
-           this.autoArgs = attrs.autoArgs;             // Optional - pass [actions, annotation] arglist if this fix can automatically run
+         return string.replace(stringOrChar, function (match, string) {
+           return string ? match : tokens[match];
+         });
+       }
 
-           this.issue = null;    // Generated link - added by validationIssue
+       function get(options, name, defaultValue) {
+         return name in options ? options[name] : defaultValue;
        }
 
-       var buildRuleChecks = function() {
-           return {
-               equals: function (equals) {
-                   return function(tags) {
-                       return Object.keys(equals).every(function(k) {
-                           return equals[k] === tags[k];
-                       });
-                   };
-               },
-               notEquals: function (notEquals) {
-                   return function(tags) {
-                       return Object.keys(notEquals).some(function(k) {
-                           return notEquals[k] !== tags[k];
-                       });
-                   };
-               },
-               absence: function(absence) {
-                   return function(tags) {
-                       return Object.keys(tags).indexOf(absence) === -1;
-                   };
-               },
-               presence: function(presence) {
-                   return function(tags) {
-                       return Object.keys(tags).indexOf(presence) > -1;
-                   };
-               },
-               greaterThan: function(greaterThan) {
-                   var key = Object.keys(greaterThan)[0];
-                   var value = greaterThan[key];
+       var jsonStringifyPrettyCompact = stringify;
+
+       var _default = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
+         // constructor
+         //
+         // `fc`  Optional FeatureCollection of known features
+         //
+         // Optionally pass a GeoJSON FeatureCollection of known features which we can refer to later.
+         // Each feature must have a filename-like `id`, for example: `something.geojson`
+         //
+         // {
+         //   "type": "FeatureCollection"
+         //   "features": [
+         //     {
+         //       "type": "Feature",
+         //       "id": "philly_metro.geojson",
+         //       "properties": { … },
+         //       "geometry": { … }
+         //     }
+         //   ]
+         // }
+         function _default(fc) {
+           var _this = this;
 
-                   return function(tags) {
-                       return tags[key] > value;
-                   };
-               },
-               greaterThanEqual: function(greaterThanEqual) {
-                   var key = Object.keys(greaterThanEqual)[0];
-                   var value = greaterThanEqual[key];
+           _classCallCheck$1(this, _default);
 
-                   return function(tags) {
-                       return tags[key] >= value;
-                   };
-               },
-               lessThan: function(lessThan) {
-                   var key = Object.keys(lessThan)[0];
-                   var value = lessThan[key];
+           // The _cache retains resolved features, so if you ask for the same thing multiple times
+           // we don't repeat the expensive resolving/clipping operations.
+           //
+           // Each feature has a stable identifier that is used as the cache key.
+           // The identifiers look like:
+           // - for point locations, the stringified point:          e.g. '[8.67039,49.41882]'
+           // - for geojson locations, the geojson id:               e.g. 'de-hamburg.geojson'
+           // - for countrycoder locations, feature.id property:     e.g. 'Q2'  (countrycoder uses Wikidata identifiers)
+           // - for aggregated locationSets, +[include]-[exclude]:   e.g '+[Q2]-[Q18,Q27611]'
+           this._cache = {}; // When strict mode = true, throw on invalid locations or locationSets.
+           // When strict mode = false, return `null` for invalid locations or locationSets.
 
-                   return function(tags) {
-                       return tags[key] < value;
-                   };
-               },
-               lessThanEqual: function(lessThanEqual) {
-                   var key = Object.keys(lessThanEqual)[0];
-                   var value = lessThanEqual[key];
+           this._strict = true; // process input FeatureCollection
 
-                   return function(tags) {
-                       return tags[key] <= value;
-                   };
-               },
-               positiveRegex: function(positiveRegex) {
-                   var tagKey = Object.keys(positiveRegex)[0];
-                   var expression = positiveRegex[tagKey].join('|');
-                   var regex = new RegExp(expression);
+           if (fc && fc.type === 'FeatureCollection' && Array.isArray(fc.features)) {
+             fc.features.forEach(function (feature) {
+               feature.properties = feature.properties || {};
+               var props = feature.properties; // Get `id` from either `id` or `properties`
 
-                   return function(tags) {
-                       return regex.test(tags[tagKey]);
-                   };
-               },
-               negativeRegex: function(negativeRegex) {
-                   var tagKey = Object.keys(negativeRegex)[0];
-                   var expression = negativeRegex[tagKey].join('|');
-                   var regex = new RegExp(expression);
+               var id = feature.id || props.id;
+               if (!id || !/^\S+\.geojson$/i.test(id)) return; // Ensure `id` exists and is lowercase
 
-                   return function(tags) {
-                       return !regex.test(tags[tagKey]);
-                   };
-               }
-           };
-       };
+               id = id.toLowerCase();
+               feature.id = id;
+               props.id = id; // Ensure `area` property exists
 
-       var buildLineKeys = function() {
-           return {
-               highway: {
-                   rest_area: true,
-                   services: true
-               },
-               railway: {
-                   roundhouse: true,
-                   station: true,
-                   traverser: true,
-                   turntable: true,
-                   wash: true
+               if (!props.area) {
+                 var area = geojsonArea.geometry(feature.geometry) / 1e6; // m² to km²
+
+                 props.area = Number(area.toFixed(2));
                }
-           };
-       };
 
-       var serviceMapRules = {
-           init: function() {
-               this._ruleChecks  = buildRuleChecks();
-               this._validationRules = [];
-               this._areaKeys = osmAreaKeys;
-               this._lineKeys = buildLineKeys();
-           },
+               _this._cache[id] = feature;
+             });
+           } // Replace CountryCoder world geometry to be a polygon covering the world.
 
-           // list of rules only relevant to tag checks...
-           filterRuleChecks: function(selector) {
-               var _ruleChecks = this._ruleChecks;
-               return Object.keys(selector).reduce(function(rules, key) {
-                   if (['geometry', 'error', 'warning'].indexOf(key) === -1) {
-                       rules.push(_ruleChecks[key](selector[key]));
-                   }
-                   return rules;
-               }, []);
-           },
 
-           // builds tagMap from mapcss-parse selector object...
-           buildTagMap: function(selector) {
-               var getRegexValues = function(regexes) {
-                   return regexes.map(function(regex) {
-                       return regex.replace(/\$|\^/g, '');
-                   });
-               };
+           var world = _cloneDeep(feature$1('Q2'));
 
-               var tagMap = Object.keys(selector).reduce(function (expectedTags, key) {
-                   var values;
-                   var isRegex = /regex/gi.test(key);
-                   var isEqual = /equals/gi.test(key);
+           world.geometry = {
+             type: 'Polygon',
+             coordinates: [[[-180, -90], [180, -90], [180, 90], [-180, 90], [-180, -90]]]
+           };
+           world.id = 'Q2';
+           world.properties.id = 'Q2';
+           world.properties.area = geojsonArea.geometry(world.geometry) / 1e6; // m² to km²
 
-                   if (isRegex || isEqual) {
-                       Object.keys(selector[key]).forEach(function(selectorKey) {
-                           values = isEqual ? [selector[key][selectorKey]] : getRegexValues(selector[key][selectorKey]);
+           this._cache.Q2 = world;
+         } // validateLocation
+         // `location`  The location to validate
+         //
+         // Pass a `location` value to validate
+         //
+         // Returns a result like:
+         //   {
+         //     type:     'point', 'geojson', or 'countrycoder'
+         //     location:  the queried location
+         //     id:        the stable identifier for the feature
+         //   }
+         // or `null` if the location is invalid
+         //
 
-                           if (expectedTags.hasOwnProperty(selectorKey)) {
-                               values = values.concat(expectedTags[selectorKey]);
-                           }
 
-                           expectedTags[selectorKey] = values;
-                       });
+         _createClass$1(_default, [{
+           key: "validateLocation",
+           value: function validateLocation(location) {
+             if (Array.isArray(location) && (location.length === 2 || location.length === 3)) {
+               // [lon, lat] or [lon, lat, radius] point?
+               var lon = location[0];
+               var lat = location[1];
+               var radius = location[2];
 
-                   } else if (/(greater|less)Than(Equal)?|presence/g.test(key)) {
-                       var tagKey = /presence/.test(key) ? selector[key] : Object.keys(selector[key])[0];
+               if (Number.isFinite(lon) && lon >= -180 && lon <= 180 && Number.isFinite(lat) && lat >= -90 && lat <= 90 && (location.length === 2 || Number.isFinite(radius) && radius > 0)) {
+                 var id = '[' + location.toString() + ']';
+                 return {
+                   type: 'point',
+                   location: location,
+                   id: id
+                 };
+               }
+             } else if (typeof location === 'string' && /^\S+\.geojson$/i.test(location)) {
+               // a .geojson filename?
+               var _id = location.toLowerCase();
 
-                       values = [selector[key][tagKey]];
+               if (this._cache[_id]) {
+                 return {
+                   type: 'geojson',
+                   location: location,
+                   id: _id
+                 };
+               }
+             } else if (typeof location === 'string' || typeof location === 'number') {
+               // a country-coder value?
+               var feature = feature$1(location);
 
-                       if (expectedTags.hasOwnProperty(tagKey)) {
-                           values = values.concat(expectedTags[tagKey]);
-                       }
+               if (feature) {
+                 // Use wikidata QID as the identifier, since that seems to be the one
+                 // property that everything in CountryCoder is guaranteed to have.
+                 var _id2 = feature.properties.wikidata;
+                 return {
+                   type: 'countrycoder',
+                   location: location,
+                   id: _id2
+                 };
+               }
+             }
 
-                       expectedTags[tagKey] = values;
-                   }
+             if (this._strict) {
+               throw new Error("validateLocation:  Invalid location: \"".concat(location, "\"."));
+             } else {
+               return null;
+             }
+           } // resolveLocation
+           // `location`  The location to resolve
+           //
+           // Pass a `location` value to resolve
+           //
+           // Returns a result like:
+           //   {
+           //     type:      'point', 'geojson', or 'countrycoder'
+           //     location:  the queried location
+           //     id:        a stable identifier for the feature
+           //     feature:   the resolved GeoJSON feature
+           //   }
+           //  or `null` if the location is invalid
+           //
 
-                   return expectedTags;
-               }, {});
+         }, {
+           key: "resolveLocation",
+           value: function resolveLocation(location) {
+             var valid = this.validateLocation(location);
+             if (!valid) return null;
+             var id = valid.id; // Return a result from cache if we can
 
-               return tagMap;
-           },
+             if (this._cache[id]) {
+               return Object.assign(valid, {
+                 feature: this._cache[id]
+               });
+             } // A [lon,lat] coordinate pair?
 
-           // inspired by osmWay#isArea()
-           inferGeometry: function(tagMap) {
-               var _lineKeys = this._lineKeys;
-               var _areaKeys = this._areaKeys;
 
-               var keyValueDoesNotImplyArea = function(key) {
-                   return utilArrayIntersection(tagMap[key], Object.keys(_areaKeys[key])).length > 0;
-               };
-               var keyValueImpliesLine = function(key) {
-                   return utilArrayIntersection(tagMap[key], Object.keys(_lineKeys[key])).length > 0;
-               };
+             if (valid.type === 'point') {
+               var lon = location[0];
+               var lat = location[1];
+               var radius = location[2] || 25; // km
 
-               if (tagMap.hasOwnProperty('area')) {
-                   if (tagMap.area.indexOf('yes') > -1) {
-                       return 'area';
-                   }
-                   if (tagMap.area.indexOf('no') > -1) {
-                       return 'line';
-                   }
-               }
+               var EDGES = 10;
+               var PRECISION = 3;
+               var area = Math.PI * radius * radius;
+               var feature = this._cache[id] = geojsonPrecision({
+                 type: 'Feature',
+                 id: id,
+                 properties: {
+                   id: id,
+                   area: Number(area.toFixed(2))
+                 },
+                 geometry: circleToPolygon([lon, lat], radius * 1000, EDGES) // km to m
+
+               }, PRECISION);
+               return Object.assign(valid, {
+                 feature: feature
+               }); // A .geojson filename?
+             } else if (valid.type === 'geojson') ; else if (valid.type === 'countrycoder') {
+               var _feature = _cloneDeep(feature$1(id));
+
+               var props = _feature.properties; // -> This block of code is weird and requires some explanation. <-
+               // CountryCoder includes higher level features which are made up of members.
+               // These features don't have their own geometry, but CountryCoder provides an
+               //   `aggregateFeature` method to combine these members into a MultiPolygon.
+               // In the past, Turf/JSTS/martinez could not handle the aggregated features,
+               //   so we'd iteratively union them all together.  (this was slow)
+               // But now mfogel/polygon-clipping handles these MultiPolygons like a boss.
+               // This approach also has the benefit of removing all the internal boaders and
+               //   simplifying the regional polygons a lot.
+
+               if (Array.isArray(props.members)) {
+                 var aggregate = aggregateFeature(id);
+                 aggregate.geometry.coordinates = _clip([aggregate], 'UNION').geometry.coordinates;
+                 _feature.geometry = aggregate.geometry;
+               } // Ensure `area` property exists
 
-               for (var key in tagMap) {
-                   if (key in _areaKeys && !keyValueDoesNotImplyArea(key)) {
-                       return 'area';
-                   }
-                   if (key in _lineKeys && keyValueImpliesLine(key)) {
-                       return 'area';
-                   }
-               }
 
-               return 'line';
-           },
+               if (!props.area) {
+                 var _area = geojsonArea.geometry(_feature.geometry) / 1e6; // m² to km²
 
-           // adds from mapcss-parse selector check...
-           addRule: function(selector) {
-               var rule = {
-                   // checks relevant to mapcss-selector
-                   checks: this.filterRuleChecks(selector),
-                   // true if all conditions for a tag error are true..
-                   matches: function(entity) {
-                       return this.checks.every(function(check) {
-                           return check(entity.tags);
-                       });
-                   },
-                   // borrowed from Way#isArea()
-                   inferredGeometry: this.inferGeometry(this.buildTagMap(selector), this._areaKeys),
-                   geometryMatches: function(entity, graph) {
-                       if (entity.type === 'node' || entity.type === 'relation') {
-                           return selector.geometry === entity.type;
-                       } else if (entity.type === 'way') {
-                           return this.inferredGeometry === entity.geometry(graph);
-                       }
-                   },
-                   // when geometries match and tag matches are present, return a warning...
-                   findIssues: function (entity, graph, issues) {
-                       if (this.geometryMatches(entity, graph) && this.matches(entity)) {
-                           var severity = Object.keys(selector).indexOf('error') > -1
-                                   ? 'error'
-                                   : 'warning';
-                           var message = selector[severity];
-                           issues.push(new validationIssue({
-                               type: 'maprules',
-                               severity: severity,
-                               message: function() {
-                                   return message;
-                               },
-                               entityIds: [entity.id]
-                           }));
-                       }
-                   }
-               };
-               this._validationRules.push(rule);
-           },
 
-           clearRules: function() { this._validationRules = []; },
+                 props.area = Number(_area.toFixed(2));
+               } // Ensure `id` property exists
 
-           // returns validationRules...
-           validationRules: function() { return this._validationRules; },
 
-           // returns ruleChecks
-           ruleChecks: function() { return this._ruleChecks; }
-       };
+               _feature.id = id;
+               props.id = id;
+               this._cache[id] = _feature;
+               return Object.assign(valid, {
+                 feature: _feature
+               });
+             }
 
-       var apibase$1 = 'https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/';
-       var _inflight = {};
-       var _nominatimCache;
+             if (this._strict) {
+               throw new Error("resolveLocation:  Couldn't resolve location \"".concat(location, "\"."));
+             } else {
+               return null;
+             }
+           } // validateLocationSet
+           // `locationSet`  the locationSet to validate
+           //
+           // Pass a locationSet Object to validate like:
+           //   {
+           //     include: [ Array of locations ],
+           //     exclude: [ Array of locations ]
+           //   }
+           //
+           // Returns a result like:
+           //   {
+           //     type:         'locationset'
+           //     locationSet:  the queried locationSet
+           //     id:           the stable identifier for the feature
+           //   }
+           // or `null` if the locationSet is invalid
+           //
 
+         }, {
+           key: "validateLocationSet",
+           value: function validateLocationSet(locationSet) {
+             locationSet = locationSet || {};
+             var validator = this.validateLocation.bind(this);
+             var include = (locationSet.include || []).map(validator).filter(Boolean);
+             var exclude = (locationSet.exclude || []).map(validator).filter(Boolean);
+
+             if (!include.length) {
+               if (this._strict) {
+                 throw new Error("validateLocationSet:  LocationSet includes nothing.");
+               } else {
+                 // non-strict mode, replace an empty locationSet with one that includes "the world"
+                 locationSet.include = ['Q2'];
+                 include = [{
+                   type: 'countrycoder',
+                   location: 'Q2',
+                   id: 'Q2'
+                 }];
+               }
+             } // Generate stable identifier
 
-       var serviceNominatim = {
 
-           init: function() {
-               _inflight = {};
-               _nominatimCache = new RBush();
-           },
+             include.sort(_sortLocations);
+             var id = '+[' + include.map(function (d) {
+               return d.id;
+             }).join(',') + ']';
 
-           reset: function() {
-               Object.values(_inflight).forEach(function(controller) { controller.abort(); });
-               _inflight = {};
-               _nominatimCache = new RBush();
-           },
+             if (exclude.length) {
+               exclude.sort(_sortLocations);
+               id += '-[' + exclude.map(function (d) {
+                 return d.id;
+               }).join(',') + ']';
+             }
+
+             return {
+               type: 'locationset',
+               locationSet: locationSet,
+               id: id
+             };
+           } // resolveLocationSet
+           // `locationSet`  the locationSet to resolve
+           //
+           // Pass a locationSet Object to validate like:
+           //   {
+           //     include: [ Array of locations ],
+           //     exclude: [ Array of locations ]
+           //   }
+           //
+           // Returns a result like:
+           //   {
+           //     type:         'locationset'
+           //     locationSet:  the queried locationSet
+           //     id:           the stable identifier for the feature
+           //     feature:      the resolved GeoJSON feature
+           //   }
+           // or `null` if the locationSet is invalid
+           //
 
+         }, {
+           key: "resolveLocationSet",
+           value: function resolveLocationSet(locationSet) {
+             locationSet = locationSet || {};
+             var valid = this.validateLocationSet(locationSet);
+             if (!valid) return null;
+             var id = valid.id; // Return a result from cache if we can
 
-           countryCode: function (location, callback) {
-               this.reverse(location, function(err, result) {
-                   if (err) {
-                       return callback(err);
-                   } else if (result.address) {
-                       return callback(null, result.address.country_code);
-                   } else {
-                       return callback('Unable to geocode', null);
-                   }
+             if (this._cache[id]) {
+               return Object.assign(valid, {
+                 feature: this._cache[id]
                });
-           },
+             }
 
+             var resolver = this.resolveLocation.bind(this);
+             var includes = (locationSet.include || []).map(resolver).filter(Boolean);
+             var excludes = (locationSet.exclude || []).map(resolver).filter(Boolean); // Return quickly if it's a single included location..
 
-           reverse: function (loc, callback) {
-               var cached = _nominatimCache.search(
-                   { minX: loc[0], minY: loc[1], maxX: loc[0], maxY: loc[1] }
-               );
+             if (includes.length === 1 && excludes.length === 0) {
+               return Object.assign(valid, {
+                 feature: includes[0].feature
+               });
+             } // Calculate unions
 
-               if (cached.length > 0) {
-                   if (callback) callback(null, cached[0].data);
-                   return;
-               }
 
-               var params = { zoom: 13, format: 'json', addressdetails: 1, lat: loc[1], lon: loc[0] };
-               var url = apibase$1 + 'reverse?' + utilQsString(params);
+             var includeGeoJSON = _clip(includes.map(function (d) {
+               return d.feature;
+             }), 'UNION');
 
-               if (_inflight[url]) return;
-               var controller = new AbortController();
-               _inflight[url] = controller;
+             var excludeGeoJSON = _clip(excludes.map(function (d) {
+               return d.feature;
+             }), 'UNION'); // Calculate difference, update `area` and return result
 
-               d3_json(url, { signal: controller.signal })
-                   .then(function(result) {
-                       delete _inflight[url];
-                       if (result && result.error) {
-                           throw new Error(result.error);
-                       }
-                       var extent = geoExtent(loc).padByMeters(200);
-                       _nominatimCache.insert(Object.assign(extent.bbox(), {data: result}));
-                       if (callback) callback(null, result);
-                   })
-                   .catch(function(err) {
-                       delete _inflight[url];
-                       if (err.name === 'AbortError') return;
-                       if (callback) callback(err.message);
-                   });
-           },
 
+             var resultGeoJSON = excludeGeoJSON ? _clip([includeGeoJSON, excludeGeoJSON], 'DIFFERENCE') : includeGeoJSON;
+             var area = geojsonArea.geometry(resultGeoJSON.geometry) / 1e6; // m² to km²
 
-           search: function (val, callback) {
-               var searchVal = encodeURIComponent(val);
-               var url = apibase$1 + 'search/' + searchVal + '?limit=10&format=json';
+             resultGeoJSON.id = id;
+             resultGeoJSON.properties = {
+               id: id,
+               area: Number(area.toFixed(2))
+             };
+             this._cache[id] = resultGeoJSON;
+             return Object.assign(valid, {
+               feature: resultGeoJSON
+             });
+           } // strict
+           //
 
-               if (_inflight[url]) return;
-               var controller = new AbortController();
-               _inflight[url] = controller;
+         }, {
+           key: "strict",
+           value: function strict(val) {
+             if (val === undefined) {
+               // get
+               return this._strict;
+             } else {
+               // set
+               this._strict = val;
+               return this;
+             }
+           } // cache
+           // convenience method to access the internal cache
 
-               d3_json(url, { signal: controller.signal })
-                   .then(function(result) {
-                       delete _inflight[url];
-                       if (result && result.error) {
-                           throw new Error(result.error);
-                       }
-                       if (callback) callback(null, result);
-                   })
-                   .catch(function(err) {
-                       delete _inflight[url];
-                       if (err.name === 'AbortError') return;
-                       if (callback) callback(err.message);
-                   });
+         }, {
+           key: "cache",
+           value: function cache() {
+             return this._cache;
+           } // stringify
+           // convenience method to prettyStringify the given object
+
+         }, {
+           key: "stringify",
+           value: function stringify(obj, options) {
+             return jsonStringifyPrettyCompact(obj, options);
+           }
+         }]);
+
+         return _default;
+       }(); // Wrap the mfogel/polygon-clipping library and return a GeoJSON feature.
+
+       function _clip(features, which) {
+         if (!Array.isArray(features) || !features.length) return null;
+         var fn = {
+           UNION: index.union,
+           DIFFERENCE: index.difference
+         }[which];
+         var args = features.map(function (feature) {
+           return feature.geometry.coordinates;
+         });
+         var coords = fn.apply(null, args);
+         return {
+           type: 'Feature',
+           properties: {},
+           geometry: {
+             type: whichType(coords),
+             coordinates: coords
            }
+         }; // is this a Polygon or a MultiPolygon?
 
-       };
+         function whichType(coords) {
+           var a = Array.isArray(coords);
+           var b = a && Array.isArray(coords[0]);
+           var c = b && Array.isArray(coords[0][0]);
+           var d = c && Array.isArray(coords[0][0][0]);
+           return d ? 'MultiPolygon' : 'Polygon';
+         }
+       }
 
-       var apibase$2 = 'https://openstreetcam.org';
-       var maxResults$1 = 1000;
-       var tileZoom$1 = 14;
-       var tiler$4 = utilTiler().zoomExtent([tileZoom$1, tileZoom$1]).skipNullIsland(true);
-       var dispatch$5 = dispatch('loadedImages');
-       var imgZoom = d3_zoom()
-           .extent([[0, 0], [320, 240]])
-           .translateExtent([[0, 0], [320, 240]])
-           .scaleExtent([1, 15]);
-       var _oscCache;
-       var _oscSelectedImage;
+       function _cloneDeep(obj) {
+         return JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(obj));
+       } // Sorting the location lists is ok because they end up unioned together.
+       // This sorting makes it possible to generate a deterministic id.
 
 
-       function abortRequest$4(controller) {
-           controller.abort();
+       function _sortLocations(a, b) {
+         var rank = {
+           countrycoder: 1,
+           geojson: 2,
+           point: 3
+         };
+         var aRank = rank[a.type];
+         var bRank = rank[b.type];
+         return aRank > bRank ? 1 : aRank < bRank ? -1 : a.id.localeCompare(b.id);
        }
 
+       // `Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER` constant
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-number.max_safe_integer
+       _export({ target: 'Number', stat: true }, {
+         MAX_SAFE_INTEGER: 0x1FFFFFFFFFFFFF
+       });
 
-       function maxPageAtZoom$1(z) {
-           if (z < 15)   return 2;
-           if (z === 15) return 5;
-           if (z === 16) return 10;
-           if (z === 17) return 20;
-           if (z === 18) return 40;
-           if (z > 18)   return 80;
-       }
+       var aesJs = createCommonjsModule(function (module, exports) {
+         (function (root) {
 
+           function checkInt(value) {
+             return parseInt(value) === value;
+           }
 
-       function loadTiles$1(which, url, projection) {
-           var currZoom = Math.floor(geoScaleToZoom(projection.scale()));
-           var tiles = tiler$4.getTiles(projection);
+           function checkInts(arrayish) {
+             if (!checkInt(arrayish.length)) {
+               return false;
+             }
 
-           // abort inflight requests that are no longer needed
-           var cache = _oscCache[which];
-           Object.keys(cache.inflight).forEach(function(k) {
-               var wanted = tiles.find(function(tile) { return k.indexOf(tile.id + ',') === 0; });
-               if (!wanted) {
-                   abortRequest$4(cache.inflight[k]);
-                   delete cache.inflight[k];
+             for (var i = 0; i < arrayish.length; i++) {
+               if (!checkInt(arrayish[i]) || arrayish[i] < 0 || arrayish[i] > 255) {
+                 return false;
                }
-           });
+             }
 
-           tiles.forEach(function(tile) {
-               loadNextTilePage$1(which, currZoom, url, tile);
-           });
-       }
+             return true;
+           }
 
+           function coerceArray(arg, copy) {
+             // ArrayBuffer view
+             if (arg.buffer && arg.name === 'Uint8Array') {
+               if (copy) {
+                 if (arg.slice) {
+                   arg = arg.slice();
+                 } else {
+                   arg = Array.prototype.slice.call(arg);
+                 }
+               }
 
-       function loadNextTilePage$1(which, currZoom, url, tile) {
-           var cache = _oscCache[which];
-           var bbox = tile.extent.bbox();
-           var maxPages = maxPageAtZoom$1(currZoom);
-           var nextPage = cache.nextPage[tile.id] || 1;
-           var params = utilQsString({
-               ipp: maxResults$1,
-               page: nextPage,
-               // client_id: clientId,
-               bbTopLeft: [bbox.maxY, bbox.minX].join(','),
-               bbBottomRight: [bbox.minY, bbox.maxX].join(',')
-           }, true);
+               return arg;
+             } // It's an array; check it is a valid representation of a byte
 
-           if (nextPage > maxPages) return;
 
-           var id = tile.id + ',' + String(nextPage);
-           if (cache.loaded[id] || cache.inflight[id]) return;
+             if (Array.isArray(arg)) {
+               if (!checkInts(arg)) {
+                 throw new Error('Array contains invalid value: ' + arg);
+               }
 
-           var controller = new AbortController();
-           cache.inflight[id] = controller;
+               return new Uint8Array(arg);
+             } // Something else, but behaves like an array (maybe a Buffer? Arguments?)
 
-           var options = {
-               method: 'POST',
-               signal: controller.signal,
-               body: params,
-               headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' }
-           };
 
-           d3_json(url, options)
-               .then(function(data) {
-                   cache.loaded[id] = true;
-                   delete cache.inflight[id];
-                   if (!data || !data.currentPageItems || !data.currentPageItems.length) {
-                       throw new Error('No Data');
-                   }
+             if (checkInt(arg.length) && checkInts(arg)) {
+               return new Uint8Array(arg);
+             }
 
-                   var features = data.currentPageItems.map(function(item) {
-                       var loc = [+item.lng, +item.lat];
-                       var d;
-
-                       if (which === 'images') {
-                           d = {
-                               loc: loc,
-                               key: item.id,
-                               ca: +item.heading,
-                               captured_at: (item.shot_date || item.date_added),
-                               captured_by: item.username,
-                               imagePath: item.lth_name,
-                               sequence_id: item.sequence_id,
-                               sequence_index: +item.sequence_index
-                           };
-
-                           // cache sequence info
-                           var seq = _oscCache.sequences[d.sequence_id];
-                           if (!seq) {
-                               seq = { rotation: 0, images: [] };
-                               _oscCache.sequences[d.sequence_id] = seq;
-                           }
-                           seq.images[d.sequence_index] = d;
-                       }
+             throw new Error('unsupported array-like object');
+           }
 
-                       return {
-                           minX: loc[0], minY: loc[1], maxX: loc[0], maxY: loc[1], data: d
-                       };
-                   });
+           function createArray(length) {
+             return new Uint8Array(length);
+           }
 
-                   cache.rtree.load(features);
+           function copyArray(sourceArray, targetArray, targetStart, sourceStart, sourceEnd) {
+             if (sourceStart != null || sourceEnd != null) {
+               if (sourceArray.slice) {
+                 sourceArray = sourceArray.slice(sourceStart, sourceEnd);
+               } else {
+                 sourceArray = Array.prototype.slice.call(sourceArray, sourceStart, sourceEnd);
+               }
+             }
 
-                   if (data.currentPageItems.length === maxResults$1) {  // more pages to load
-                       cache.nextPage[tile.id] = nextPage + 1;
-                       loadNextTilePage$1(which, currZoom, url, tile);
-                   } else {
-                       cache.nextPage[tile.id] = Infinity;     // no more pages to load
-                   }
+             targetArray.set(sourceArray, targetStart);
+           }
 
-                   if (which === 'images') {
-                       dispatch$5.call('loadedImages');
-                   }
-               })
-               .catch(function() {
-                   cache.loaded[id] = true;
-                   delete cache.inflight[id];
-               });
-       }
+           var convertUtf8 = function () {
+             function toBytes(text) {
+               var result = [],
+                   i = 0;
+               text = encodeURI(text);
 
+               while (i < text.length) {
+                 var c = text.charCodeAt(i++); // if it is a % sign, encode the following 2 bytes as a hex value
 
-       // partition viewport into higher zoom tiles
-       function partitionViewport$1(projection) {
-           var z = geoScaleToZoom(projection.scale());
-           var z2 = (Math.ceil(z * 2) / 2) + 2.5;   // round to next 0.5 and add 2.5
-           var tiler = utilTiler().zoomExtent([z2, z2]);
+                 if (c === 37) {
+                   result.push(parseInt(text.substr(i, 2), 16));
+                   i += 2; // otherwise, just the actual byte
+                 } else {
+                   result.push(c);
+                 }
+               }
 
-           return tiler.getTiles(projection)
-               .map(function(tile) { return tile.extent; });
-       }
+               return coerceArray(result);
+             }
 
+             function fromBytes(bytes) {
+               var result = [],
+                   i = 0;
 
-       // no more than `limit` results per partition.
-       function searchLimited$1(limit, projection, rtree) {
-           limit = limit || 5;
+               while (i < bytes.length) {
+                 var c = bytes[i];
 
-           return partitionViewport$1(projection)
-               .reduce(function(result, extent) {
-                   var found = rtree.search(extent.bbox())
-                       .slice(0, limit)
-                       .map(function(d) { return d.data; });
+                 if (c < 128) {
+                   result.push(String.fromCharCode(c));
+                   i++;
+                 } else if (c > 191 && c < 224) {
+                   result.push(String.fromCharCode((c & 0x1f) << 6 | bytes[i + 1] & 0x3f));
+                   i += 2;
+                 } else {
+                   result.push(String.fromCharCode((c & 0x0f) << 12 | (bytes[i + 1] & 0x3f) << 6 | bytes[i + 2] & 0x3f));
+                   i += 3;
+                 }
+               }
 
-                   return (found.length ? result.concat(found) : result);
-               }, []);
-       }
+               return result.join('');
+             }
 
+             return {
+               toBytes: toBytes,
+               fromBytes: fromBytes
+             };
+           }();
 
-       var serviceOpenstreetcam = {
+           var convertHex = function () {
+             function toBytes(text) {
+               var result = [];
 
-           init: function() {
-               if (!_oscCache) {
-                   this.reset();
+               for (var i = 0; i < text.length; i += 2) {
+                 result.push(parseInt(text.substr(i, 2), 16));
                }
 
-               this.event = utilRebind(this, dispatch$5, 'on');
-           },
+               return result;
+             } // http://ixti.net/development/javascript/2011/11/11/base64-encodedecode-of-utf8-in-browser-with-js.html
+
+
+             var Hex = '0123456789abcdef';
 
-           reset: function() {
-               if (_oscCache) {
-                   Object.values(_oscCache.images.inflight).forEach(abortRequest$4);
+             function fromBytes(bytes) {
+               var result = [];
+
+               for (var i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
+                 var v = bytes[i];
+                 result.push(Hex[(v & 0xf0) >> 4] + Hex[v & 0x0f]);
                }
 
-               _oscCache = {
-                   images: { inflight: {}, loaded: {}, nextPage: {}, rtree: new RBush() },
-                   sequences: {}
-               };
+               return result.join('');
+             }
 
-               _oscSelectedImage = null;
-           },
+             return {
+               toBytes: toBytes,
+               fromBytes: fromBytes
+             };
+           }(); // Number of rounds by keysize
 
 
-           images: function(projection) {
-               var limit = 5;
-               return searchLimited$1(limit, projection, _oscCache.images.rtree);
-           },
+           var numberOfRounds = {
+             16: 10,
+             24: 12,
+             32: 14
+           }; // Round constant words
 
+           var rcon = [0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x1b, 0x36, 0x6c, 0xd8, 0xab, 0x4d, 0x9a, 0x2f, 0x5e, 0xbc, 0x63, 0xc6, 0x97, 0x35, 0x6a, 0xd4, 0xb3, 0x7d, 0xfa, 0xef, 0xc5, 0x91]; // S-box and Inverse S-box (S is for Substitution)
 
-           sequences: function(projection) {
-               var viewport = projection.clipExtent();
-               var min = [viewport[0][0], viewport[1][1]];
-               var max = [viewport[1][0], viewport[0][1]];
-               var bbox = geoExtent(projection.invert(min), projection.invert(max)).bbox();
-               var sequenceKeys = {};
-
-               // all sequences for images in viewport
-               _oscCache.images.rtree.search(bbox)
-                   .forEach(function(d) { sequenceKeys[d.data.sequence_id] = true; });
-
-               // make linestrings from those sequences
-               var lineStrings = [];
-               Object.keys(sequenceKeys)
-                   .forEach(function(sequenceKey) {
-                       var seq = _oscCache.sequences[sequenceKey];
-                       var images = seq && seq.images;
-                       if (images) {
-                           lineStrings.push({
-                               type: 'LineString',
-                               coordinates: images.map(function (d) { return d.loc; }).filter(Boolean),
-                               properties: { key: sequenceKey }
-                           });
-                       }
-                   });
-               return lineStrings;
-           },
+           var S = [0x63, 0x7c, 0x77, 0x7b, 0xf2, 0x6b, 0x6f, 0xc5, 0x30, 0x01, 0x67, 0x2b, 0xfe, 0xd7, 0xab, 0x76, 0xca, 0x82, 0xc9, 0x7d, 0xfa, 0x59, 0x47, 0xf0, 0xad, 0xd4, 0xa2, 0xaf, 0x9c, 0xa4, 0x72, 0xc0, 0xb7, 0xfd, 0x93, 0x26, 0x36, 0x3f, 0xf7, 0xcc, 0x34, 0xa5, 0xe5, 0xf1, 0x71, 0xd8, 0x31, 0x15, 0x04, 0xc7, 0x23, 0xc3, 0x18, 0x96, 0x05, 0x9a, 0x07, 0x12, 0x80, 0xe2, 0xeb, 0x27, 0xb2, 0x75, 0x09, 0x83, 0x2c, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x6e, 0x5a, 0xa0, 0x52, 0x3b, 0xd6, 0xb3, 0x29, 0xe3, 0x2f, 0x84, 0x53, 0xd1, 0x00, 0xed, 0x20, 0xfc, 0xb1, 0x5b, 0x6a, 0xcb, 0xbe, 0x39, 0x4a, 0x4c, 0x58, 0xcf, 0xd0, 0xef, 0xaa, 0xfb, 0x43, 0x4d, 0x33, 0x85, 0x45, 0xf9, 0x02, 0x7f, 0x50, 0x3c, 0x9f, 0xa8, 0x51, 0xa3, 0x40, 0x8f, 0x92, 0x9d, 0x38, 0xf5, 0xbc, 0xb6, 0xda, 0x21, 0x10, 0xff, 0xf3, 0xd2, 0xcd, 0x0c, 0x13, 0xec, 0x5f, 0x97, 0x44, 0x17, 0xc4, 0xa7, 0x7e, 0x3d, 0x64, 0x5d, 0x19, 0x73, 0x60, 0x81, 0x4f, 0xdc, 0x22, 0x2a, 0x90, 0x88, 0x46, 0xee, 0xb8, 0x14, 0xde, 0x5e, 0x0b, 0xdb, 0xe0, 0x32, 0x3a, 0x0a, 0x49, 0x06, 0x24, 0x5c, 0xc2, 0xd3, 0xac, 0x62, 0x91, 0x95, 0xe4, 0x79, 0xe7, 0xc8, 0x37, 0x6d, 0x8d, 0xd5, 0x4e, 0xa9, 0x6c, 0x56, 0xf4, 0xea, 0x65, 0x7a, 0xae, 0x08, 0xba, 0x78, 0x25, 0x2e, 0x1c, 0xa6, 0xb4, 0xc6, 0xe8, 0xdd, 0x74, 0x1f, 0x4b, 0xbd, 0x8b, 0x8a, 0x70, 0x3e, 0xb5, 0x66, 0x48, 0x03, 0xf6, 0x0e, 0x61, 0x35, 0x57, 0xb9, 0x86, 0xc1, 0x1d, 0x9e, 0xe1, 0xf8, 0x98, 0x11, 0x69, 0xd9, 0x8e, 0x94, 0x9b, 0x1e, 0x87, 0xe9, 0xce, 0x55, 0x28, 0xdf, 0x8c, 0xa1, 0x89, 0x0d, 0xbf, 0xe6, 0x42, 0x68, 0x41, 0x99, 0x2d, 0x0f, 0xb0, 0x54, 0xbb, 0x16];
+           var Si = [0x52, 0x09, 0x6a, 0xd5, 0x30, 0x36, 0xa5, 0x38, 0xbf, 0x40, 0xa3, 0x9e, 0x81, 0xf3, 0xd7, 0xfb, 0x7c, 0xe3, 0x39, 0x82, 0x9b, 0x2f, 0xff, 0x87, 0x34, 0x8e, 0x43, 0x44, 0xc4, 0xde, 0xe9, 0xcb, 0x54, 0x7b, 0x94, 0x32, 0xa6, 0xc2, 0x23, 0x3d, 0xee, 0x4c, 0x95, 0x0b, 0x42, 0xfa, 0xc3, 0x4e, 0x08, 0x2e, 0xa1, 0x66, 0x28, 0xd9, 0x24, 0xb2, 0x76, 0x5b, 0xa2, 0x49, 0x6d, 0x8b, 0xd1, 0x25, 0x72, 0xf8, 0xf6, 0x64, 0x86, 0x68, 0x98, 0x16, 0xd4, 0xa4, 0x5c, 0xcc, 0x5d, 0x65, 0xb6, 0x92, 0x6c, 0x70, 0x48, 0x50, 0xfd, 0xed, 0xb9, 0xda, 0x5e, 0x15, 0x46, 0x57, 0xa7, 0x8d, 0x9d, 0x84, 0x90, 0xd8, 0xab, 0x00, 0x8c, 0xbc, 0xd3, 0x0a, 0xf7, 0xe4, 0x58, 0x05, 0xb8, 0xb3, 0x45, 0x06, 0xd0, 0x2c, 0x1e, 0x8f, 0xca, 0x3f, 0x0f, 0x02, 0xc1, 0xaf, 0xbd, 0x03, 0x01, 0x13, 0x8a, 0x6b, 0x3a, 0x91, 0x11, 0x41, 0x4f, 0x67, 0xdc, 0xea, 0x97, 0xf2, 0xcf, 0xce, 0xf0, 0xb4, 0xe6, 0x73, 0x96, 0xac, 0x74, 0x22, 0xe7, 0xad, 0x35, 0x85, 0xe2, 0xf9, 0x37, 0xe8, 0x1c, 0x75, 0xdf, 0x6e, 0x47, 0xf1, 0x1a, 0x71, 0x1d, 0x29, 0xc5, 0x89, 0x6f, 0xb7, 0x62, 0x0e, 0xaa, 0x18, 0xbe, 0x1b, 0xfc, 0x56, 0x3e, 0x4b, 0xc6, 0xd2, 0x79, 0x20, 0x9a, 0xdb, 0xc0, 0xfe, 0x78, 0xcd, 0x5a, 0xf4, 0x1f, 0xdd, 0xa8, 0x33, 0x88, 0x07, 0xc7, 0x31, 0xb1, 0x12, 0x10, 0x59, 0x27, 0x80, 0xec, 0x5f, 0x60, 0x51, 0x7f, 0xa9, 0x19, 0xb5, 0x4a, 0x0d, 0x2d, 0xe5, 0x7a, 0x9f, 0x93, 0xc9, 0x9c, 0xef, 0xa0, 0xe0, 0x3b, 0x4d, 0xae, 0x2a, 0xf5, 0xb0, 0xc8, 0xeb, 0xbb, 0x3c, 0x83, 0x53, 0x99, 0x61, 0x17, 0x2b, 0x04, 0x7e, 0xba, 0x77, 0xd6, 0x26, 0xe1, 0x69, 0x14, 0x63, 0x55, 0x21, 0x0c, 0x7d]; // Transformations for encryption
 
+           var T1 = [0xc66363a5, 0xf87c7c84, 0xee777799, 0xf67b7b8d, 0xfff2f20d, 0xd66b6bbd, 0xde6f6fb1, 0x91c5c554, 0x60303050, 0x02010103, 0xce6767a9, 0x562b2b7d, 0xe7fefe19, 0xb5d7d762, 0x4dababe6, 0xec76769a, 0x8fcaca45, 0x1f82829d, 0x89c9c940, 0xfa7d7d87, 0xeffafa15, 0xb25959eb, 0x8e4747c9, 0xfbf0f00b, 0x41adadec, 0xb3d4d467, 0x5fa2a2fd, 0x45afafea, 0x239c9cbf, 0x53a4a4f7, 0xe4727296, 0x9bc0c05b, 0x75b7b7c2, 0xe1fdfd1c, 0x3d9393ae, 0x4c26266a, 0x6c36365a, 0x7e3f3f41, 0xf5f7f702, 0x83cccc4f, 0x6834345c, 0x51a5a5f4, 0xd1e5e534, 0xf9f1f108, 0xe2717193, 0xabd8d873, 0x62313153, 0x2a15153f, 0x0804040c, 0x95c7c752, 0x46232365, 0x9dc3c35e, 0x30181828, 0x379696a1, 0x0a05050f, 0x2f9a9ab5, 0x0e070709, 0x24121236, 0x1b80809b, 0xdfe2e23d, 0xcdebeb26, 0x4e272769, 0x7fb2b2cd, 0xea75759f, 0x1209091b, 0x1d83839e, 0x582c2c74, 0x341a1a2e, 0x361b1b2d, 0xdc6e6eb2, 0xb45a5aee, 0x5ba0a0fb, 0xa45252f6, 0x763b3b4d, 0xb7d6d661, 0x7db3b3ce, 0x5229297b, 0xdde3e33e, 0x5e2f2f71, 0x13848497, 0xa65353f5, 0xb9d1d168, 0x00000000, 0xc1eded2c, 0x40202060, 0xe3fcfc1f, 0x79b1b1c8, 0xb65b5bed, 0xd46a6abe, 0x8dcbcb46, 0x67bebed9, 0x7239394b, 0x944a4ade, 0x984c4cd4, 0xb05858e8, 0x85cfcf4a, 0xbbd0d06b, 0xc5efef2a, 0x4faaaae5, 0xedfbfb16, 0x864343c5, 0x9a4d4dd7, 0x66333355, 0x11858594, 0x8a4545cf, 0xe9f9f910, 0x04020206, 0xfe7f7f81, 0xa05050f0, 0x783c3c44, 0x259f9fba, 0x4ba8a8e3, 0xa25151f3, 0x5da3a3fe, 0x804040c0, 0x058f8f8a, 0x3f9292ad, 0x219d9dbc, 0x70383848, 0xf1f5f504, 0x63bcbcdf, 0x77b6b6c1, 0xafdada75, 0x42212163, 0x20101030, 0xe5ffff1a, 0xfdf3f30e, 0xbfd2d26d, 0x81cdcd4c, 0x180c0c14, 0x26131335, 0xc3ecec2f, 0xbe5f5fe1, 0x359797a2, 0x884444cc, 0x2e171739, 0x93c4c457, 0x55a7a7f2, 0xfc7e7e82, 0x7a3d3d47, 0xc86464ac, 0xba5d5de7, 0x3219192b, 0xe6737395, 0xc06060a0, 0x19818198, 0x9e4f4fd1, 0xa3dcdc7f, 0x44222266, 0x542a2a7e, 0x3b9090ab, 0x0b888883, 0x8c4646ca, 0xc7eeee29, 0x6bb8b8d3, 0x2814143c, 0xa7dede79, 0xbc5e5ee2, 0x160b0b1d, 0xaddbdb76, 0xdbe0e03b, 0x64323256, 0x743a3a4e, 0x140a0a1e, 0x924949db, 0x0c06060a, 0x4824246c, 0xb85c5ce4, 0x9fc2c25d, 0xbdd3d36e, 0x43acacef, 0xc46262a6, 0x399191a8, 0x319595a4, 0xd3e4e437, 0xf279798b, 0xd5e7e732, 0x8bc8c843, 0x6e373759, 0xda6d6db7, 0x018d8d8c, 0xb1d5d564, 0x9c4e4ed2, 0x49a9a9e0, 0xd86c6cb4, 0xac5656fa, 0xf3f4f407, 0xcfeaea25, 0xca6565af, 0xf47a7a8e, 0x47aeaee9, 0x10080818, 0x6fbabad5, 0xf0787888, 0x4a25256f, 0x5c2e2e72, 0x381c1c24, 0x57a6a6f1, 0x73b4b4c7, 0x97c6c651, 0xcbe8e823, 0xa1dddd7c, 0xe874749c, 0x3e1f1f21, 0x964b4bdd, 0x61bdbddc, 0x0d8b8b86, 0x0f8a8a85, 0xe0707090, 0x7c3e3e42, 0x71b5b5c4, 0xcc6666aa, 0x904848d8, 0x06030305, 0xf7f6f601, 0x1c0e0e12, 0xc26161a3, 0x6a35355f, 0xae5757f9, 0x69b9b9d0, 0x17868691, 0x99c1c158, 0x3a1d1d27, 0x279e9eb9, 0xd9e1e138, 0xebf8f813, 0x2b9898b3, 0x22111133, 0xd26969bb, 0xa9d9d970, 0x078e8e89, 0x339494a7, 0x2d9b9bb6, 0x3c1e1e22, 0x15878792, 0xc9e9e920, 0x87cece49, 0xaa5555ff, 0x50282878, 0xa5dfdf7a, 0x038c8c8f, 0x59a1a1f8, 0x09898980, 0x1a0d0d17, 0x65bfbfda, 0xd7e6e631, 0x844242c6, 0xd06868b8, 0x824141c3, 0x299999b0, 0x5a2d2d77, 0x1e0f0f11, 0x7bb0b0cb, 0xa85454fc, 0x6dbbbbd6, 0x2c16163a];
+           var T2 = [0xa5c66363, 0x84f87c7c, 0x99ee7777, 0x8df67b7b, 0x0dfff2f2, 0xbdd66b6b, 0xb1de6f6f, 0x5491c5c5, 0x50603030, 0x03020101, 0xa9ce6767, 0x7d562b2b, 0x19e7fefe, 0x62b5d7d7, 0xe64dabab, 0x9aec7676, 0x458fcaca, 0x9d1f8282, 0x4089c9c9, 0x87fa7d7d, 0x15effafa, 0xebb25959, 0xc98e4747, 0x0bfbf0f0, 0xec41adad, 0x67b3d4d4, 0xfd5fa2a2, 0xea45afaf, 0xbf239c9c, 0xf753a4a4, 0x96e47272, 0x5b9bc0c0, 0xc275b7b7, 0x1ce1fdfd, 0xae3d9393, 0x6a4c2626, 0x5a6c3636, 0x417e3f3f, 0x02f5f7f7, 0x4f83cccc, 0x5c683434, 0xf451a5a5, 0x34d1e5e5, 0x08f9f1f1, 0x93e27171, 0x73abd8d8, 0x53623131, 0x3f2a1515, 0x0c080404, 0x5295c7c7, 0x65462323, 0x5e9dc3c3, 0x28301818, 0xa1379696, 0x0f0a0505, 0xb52f9a9a, 0x090e0707, 0x36241212, 0x9b1b8080, 0x3ddfe2e2, 0x26cdebeb, 0x694e2727, 0xcd7fb2b2, 0x9fea7575, 0x1b120909, 0x9e1d8383, 0x74582c2c, 0x2e341a1a, 0x2d361b1b, 0xb2dc6e6e, 0xeeb45a5a, 0xfb5ba0a0, 0xf6a45252, 0x4d763b3b, 0x61b7d6d6, 0xce7db3b3, 0x7b522929, 0x3edde3e3, 0x715e2f2f, 0x97138484, 0xf5a65353, 0x68b9d1d1, 0x00000000, 0x2cc1eded, 0x60402020, 0x1fe3fcfc, 0xc879b1b1, 0xedb65b5b, 0xbed46a6a, 0x468dcbcb, 0xd967bebe, 0x4b723939, 0xde944a4a, 0xd4984c4c, 0xe8b05858, 0x4a85cfcf, 0x6bbbd0d0, 0x2ac5efef, 0xe54faaaa, 0x16edfbfb, 0xc5864343, 0xd79a4d4d, 0x55663333, 0x94118585, 0xcf8a4545, 0x10e9f9f9, 0x06040202, 0x81fe7f7f, 0xf0a05050, 0x44783c3c, 0xba259f9f, 0xe34ba8a8, 0xf3a25151, 0xfe5da3a3, 0xc0804040, 0x8a058f8f, 0xad3f9292, 0xbc219d9d, 0x48703838, 0x04f1f5f5, 0xdf63bcbc, 0xc177b6b6, 0x75afdada, 0x63422121, 0x30201010, 0x1ae5ffff, 0x0efdf3f3, 0x6dbfd2d2, 0x4c81cdcd, 0x14180c0c, 0x35261313, 0x2fc3ecec, 0xe1be5f5f, 0xa2359797, 0xcc884444, 0x392e1717, 0x5793c4c4, 0xf255a7a7, 0x82fc7e7e, 0x477a3d3d, 0xacc86464, 0xe7ba5d5d, 0x2b321919, 0x95e67373, 0xa0c06060, 0x98198181, 0xd19e4f4f, 0x7fa3dcdc, 0x66442222, 0x7e542a2a, 0xab3b9090, 0x830b8888, 0xca8c4646, 0x29c7eeee, 0xd36bb8b8, 0x3c281414, 0x79a7dede, 0xe2bc5e5e, 0x1d160b0b, 0x76addbdb, 0x3bdbe0e0, 0x56643232, 0x4e743a3a, 0x1e140a0a, 0xdb924949, 0x0a0c0606, 0x6c482424, 0xe4b85c5c, 0x5d9fc2c2, 0x6ebdd3d3, 0xef43acac, 0xa6c46262, 0xa8399191, 0xa4319595, 0x37d3e4e4, 0x8bf27979, 0x32d5e7e7, 0x438bc8c8, 0x596e3737, 0xb7da6d6d, 0x8c018d8d, 0x64b1d5d5, 0xd29c4e4e, 0xe049a9a9, 0xb4d86c6c, 0xfaac5656, 0x07f3f4f4, 0x25cfeaea, 0xafca6565, 0x8ef47a7a, 0xe947aeae, 0x18100808, 0xd56fbaba, 0x88f07878, 0x6f4a2525, 0x725c2e2e, 0x24381c1c, 0xf157a6a6, 0xc773b4b4, 0x5197c6c6, 0x23cbe8e8, 0x7ca1dddd, 0x9ce87474, 0x213e1f1f, 0xdd964b4b, 0xdc61bdbd, 0x860d8b8b, 0x850f8a8a, 0x90e07070, 0x427c3e3e, 0xc471b5b5, 0xaacc6666, 0xd8904848, 0x05060303, 0x01f7f6f6, 0x121c0e0e, 0xa3c26161, 0x5f6a3535, 0xf9ae5757, 0xd069b9b9, 0x91178686, 0x5899c1c1, 0x273a1d1d, 0xb9279e9e, 0x38d9e1e1, 0x13ebf8f8, 0xb32b9898, 0x33221111, 0xbbd26969, 0x70a9d9d9, 0x89078e8e, 0xa7339494, 0xb62d9b9b, 0x223c1e1e, 0x92158787, 0x20c9e9e9, 0x4987cece, 0xffaa5555, 0x78502828, 0x7aa5dfdf, 0x8f038c8c, 0xf859a1a1, 0x80098989, 0x171a0d0d, 0xda65bfbf, 0x31d7e6e6, 0xc6844242, 0xb8d06868, 0xc3824141, 0xb0299999, 0x775a2d2d, 0x111e0f0f, 0xcb7bb0b0, 0xfca85454, 0xd66dbbbb, 0x3a2c1616];
+           var T3 = [0x63a5c663, 0x7c84f87c, 0x7799ee77, 0x7b8df67b, 0xf20dfff2, 0x6bbdd66b, 0x6fb1de6f, 0xc55491c5, 0x30506030, 0x01030201, 0x67a9ce67, 0x2b7d562b, 0xfe19e7fe, 0xd762b5d7, 0xabe64dab, 0x769aec76, 0xca458fca, 0x829d1f82, 0xc94089c9, 0x7d87fa7d, 0xfa15effa, 0x59ebb259, 0x47c98e47, 0xf00bfbf0, 0xadec41ad, 0xd467b3d4, 0xa2fd5fa2, 0xafea45af, 0x9cbf239c, 0xa4f753a4, 0x7296e472, 0xc05b9bc0, 0xb7c275b7, 0xfd1ce1fd, 0x93ae3d93, 0x266a4c26, 0x365a6c36, 0x3f417e3f, 0xf702f5f7, 0xcc4f83cc, 0x345c6834, 0xa5f451a5, 0xe534d1e5, 0xf108f9f1, 0x7193e271, 0xd873abd8, 0x31536231, 0x153f2a15, 0x040c0804, 0xc75295c7, 0x23654623, 0xc35e9dc3, 0x18283018, 0x96a13796, 0x050f0a05, 0x9ab52f9a, 0x07090e07, 0x12362412, 0x809b1b80, 0xe23ddfe2, 0xeb26cdeb, 0x27694e27, 0xb2cd7fb2, 0x759fea75, 0x091b1209, 0x839e1d83, 0x2c74582c, 0x1a2e341a, 0x1b2d361b, 0x6eb2dc6e, 0x5aeeb45a, 0xa0fb5ba0, 0x52f6a452, 0x3b4d763b, 0xd661b7d6, 0xb3ce7db3, 0x297b5229, 0xe33edde3, 0x2f715e2f, 0x84971384, 0x53f5a653, 0xd168b9d1, 0x00000000, 0xed2cc1ed, 0x20604020, 0xfc1fe3fc, 0xb1c879b1, 0x5bedb65b, 0x6abed46a, 0xcb468dcb, 0xbed967be, 0x394b7239, 0x4ade944a, 0x4cd4984c, 0x58e8b058, 0xcf4a85cf, 0xd06bbbd0, 0xef2ac5ef, 0xaae54faa, 0xfb16edfb, 0x43c58643, 0x4dd79a4d, 0x33556633, 0x85941185, 0x45cf8a45, 0xf910e9f9, 0x02060402, 0x7f81fe7f, 0x50f0a050, 0x3c44783c, 0x9fba259f, 0xa8e34ba8, 0x51f3a251, 0xa3fe5da3, 0x40c08040, 0x8f8a058f, 0x92ad3f92, 0x9dbc219d, 0x38487038, 0xf504f1f5, 0xbcdf63bc, 0xb6c177b6, 0xda75afda, 0x21634221, 0x10302010, 0xff1ae5ff, 0xf30efdf3, 0xd26dbfd2, 0xcd4c81cd, 0x0c14180c, 0x13352613, 0xec2fc3ec, 0x5fe1be5f, 0x97a23597, 0x44cc8844, 0x17392e17, 0xc45793c4, 0xa7f255a7, 0x7e82fc7e, 0x3d477a3d, 0x64acc864, 0x5de7ba5d, 0x192b3219, 0x7395e673, 0x60a0c060, 0x81981981, 0x4fd19e4f, 0xdc7fa3dc, 0x22664422, 0x2a7e542a, 0x90ab3b90, 0x88830b88, 0x46ca8c46, 0xee29c7ee, 0xb8d36bb8, 0x143c2814, 0xde79a7de, 0x5ee2bc5e, 0x0b1d160b, 0xdb76addb, 0xe03bdbe0, 0x32566432, 0x3a4e743a, 0x0a1e140a, 0x49db9249, 0x060a0c06, 0x246c4824, 0x5ce4b85c, 0xc25d9fc2, 0xd36ebdd3, 0xacef43ac, 0x62a6c462, 0x91a83991, 0x95a43195, 0xe437d3e4, 0x798bf279, 0xe732d5e7, 0xc8438bc8, 0x37596e37, 0x6db7da6d, 0x8d8c018d, 0xd564b1d5, 0x4ed29c4e, 0xa9e049a9, 0x6cb4d86c, 0x56faac56, 0xf407f3f4, 0xea25cfea, 0x65afca65, 0x7a8ef47a, 0xaee947ae, 0x08181008, 0xbad56fba, 0x7888f078, 0x256f4a25, 0x2e725c2e, 0x1c24381c, 0xa6f157a6, 0xb4c773b4, 0xc65197c6, 0xe823cbe8, 0xdd7ca1dd, 0x749ce874, 0x1f213e1f, 0x4bdd964b, 0xbddc61bd, 0x8b860d8b, 0x8a850f8a, 0x7090e070, 0x3e427c3e, 0xb5c471b5, 0x66aacc66, 0x48d89048, 0x03050603, 0xf601f7f6, 0x0e121c0e, 0x61a3c261, 0x355f6a35, 0x57f9ae57, 0xb9d069b9, 0x86911786, 0xc15899c1, 0x1d273a1d, 0x9eb9279e, 0xe138d9e1, 0xf813ebf8, 0x98b32b98, 0x11332211, 0x69bbd269, 0xd970a9d9, 0x8e89078e, 0x94a73394, 0x9bb62d9b, 0x1e223c1e, 0x87921587, 0xe920c9e9, 0xce4987ce, 0x55ffaa55, 0x28785028, 0xdf7aa5df, 0x8c8f038c, 0xa1f859a1, 0x89800989, 0x0d171a0d, 0xbfda65bf, 0xe631d7e6, 0x42c68442, 0x68b8d068, 0x41c38241, 0x99b02999, 0x2d775a2d, 0x0f111e0f, 0xb0cb7bb0, 0x54fca854, 0xbbd66dbb, 0x163a2c16];
+           var T4 = [0x6363a5c6, 0x7c7c84f8, 0x777799ee, 0x7b7b8df6, 0xf2f20dff, 0x6b6bbdd6, 0x6f6fb1de, 0xc5c55491, 0x30305060, 0x01010302, 0x6767a9ce, 0x2b2b7d56, 0xfefe19e7, 0xd7d762b5, 0xababe64d, 0x76769aec, 0xcaca458f, 0x82829d1f, 0xc9c94089, 0x7d7d87fa, 0xfafa15ef, 0x5959ebb2, 0x4747c98e, 0xf0f00bfb, 0xadadec41, 0xd4d467b3, 0xa2a2fd5f, 0xafafea45, 0x9c9cbf23, 0xa4a4f753, 0x727296e4, 0xc0c05b9b, 0xb7b7c275, 0xfdfd1ce1, 0x9393ae3d, 0x26266a4c, 0x36365a6c, 0x3f3f417e, 0xf7f702f5, 0xcccc4f83, 0x34345c68, 0xa5a5f451, 0xe5e534d1, 0xf1f108f9, 0x717193e2, 0xd8d873ab, 0x31315362, 0x15153f2a, 0x04040c08, 0xc7c75295, 0x23236546, 0xc3c35e9d, 0x18182830, 0x9696a137, 0x05050f0a, 0x9a9ab52f, 0x0707090e, 0x12123624, 0x80809b1b, 0xe2e23ddf, 0xebeb26cd, 0x2727694e, 0xb2b2cd7f, 0x75759fea, 0x09091b12, 0x83839e1d, 0x2c2c7458, 0x1a1a2e34, 0x1b1b2d36, 0x6e6eb2dc, 0x5a5aeeb4, 0xa0a0fb5b, 0x5252f6a4, 0x3b3b4d76, 0xd6d661b7, 0xb3b3ce7d, 0x29297b52, 0xe3e33edd, 0x2f2f715e, 0x84849713, 0x5353f5a6, 0xd1d168b9, 0x00000000, 0xeded2cc1, 0x20206040, 0xfcfc1fe3, 0xb1b1c879, 0x5b5bedb6, 0x6a6abed4, 0xcbcb468d, 0xbebed967, 0x39394b72, 0x4a4ade94, 0x4c4cd498, 0x5858e8b0, 0xcfcf4a85, 0xd0d06bbb, 0xefef2ac5, 0xaaaae54f, 0xfbfb16ed, 0x4343c586, 0x4d4dd79a, 0x33335566, 0x85859411, 0x4545cf8a, 0xf9f910e9, 0x02020604, 0x7f7f81fe, 0x5050f0a0, 0x3c3c4478, 0x9f9fba25, 0xa8a8e34b, 0x5151f3a2, 0xa3a3fe5d, 0x4040c080, 0x8f8f8a05, 0x9292ad3f, 0x9d9dbc21, 0x38384870, 0xf5f504f1, 0xbcbcdf63, 0xb6b6c177, 0xdada75af, 0x21216342, 0x10103020, 0xffff1ae5, 0xf3f30efd, 0xd2d26dbf, 0xcdcd4c81, 0x0c0c1418, 0x13133526, 0xecec2fc3, 0x5f5fe1be, 0x9797a235, 0x4444cc88, 0x1717392e, 0xc4c45793, 0xa7a7f255, 0x7e7e82fc, 0x3d3d477a, 0x6464acc8, 0x5d5de7ba, 0x19192b32, 0x737395e6, 0x6060a0c0, 0x81819819, 0x4f4fd19e, 0xdcdc7fa3, 0x22226644, 0x2a2a7e54, 0x9090ab3b, 0x8888830b, 0x4646ca8c, 0xeeee29c7, 0xb8b8d36b, 0x14143c28, 0xdede79a7, 0x5e5ee2bc, 0x0b0b1d16, 0xdbdb76ad, 0xe0e03bdb, 0x32325664, 0x3a3a4e74, 0x0a0a1e14, 0x4949db92, 0x06060a0c, 0x24246c48, 0x5c5ce4b8, 0xc2c25d9f, 0xd3d36ebd, 0xacacef43, 0x6262a6c4, 0x9191a839, 0x9595a431, 0xe4e437d3, 0x79798bf2, 0xe7e732d5, 0xc8c8438b, 0x3737596e, 0x6d6db7da, 0x8d8d8c01, 0xd5d564b1, 0x4e4ed29c, 0xa9a9e049, 0x6c6cb4d8, 0x5656faac, 0xf4f407f3, 0xeaea25cf, 0x6565afca, 0x7a7a8ef4, 0xaeaee947, 0x08081810, 0xbabad56f, 0x787888f0, 0x25256f4a, 0x2e2e725c, 0x1c1c2438, 0xa6a6f157, 0xb4b4c773, 0xc6c65197, 0xe8e823cb, 0xdddd7ca1, 0x74749ce8, 0x1f1f213e, 0x4b4bdd96, 0xbdbddc61, 0x8b8b860d, 0x8a8a850f, 0x707090e0, 0x3e3e427c, 0xb5b5c471, 0x6666aacc, 0x4848d890, 0x03030506, 0xf6f601f7, 0x0e0e121c, 0x6161a3c2, 0x35355f6a, 0x5757f9ae, 0xb9b9d069, 0x86869117, 0xc1c15899, 0x1d1d273a, 0x9e9eb927, 0xe1e138d9, 0xf8f813eb, 0x9898b32b, 0x11113322, 0x6969bbd2, 0xd9d970a9, 0x8e8e8907, 0x9494a733, 0x9b9bb62d, 0x1e1e223c, 0x87879215, 0xe9e920c9, 0xcece4987, 0x5555ffaa, 0x28287850, 0xdfdf7aa5, 0x8c8c8f03, 0xa1a1f859, 0x89898009, 0x0d0d171a, 0xbfbfda65, 0xe6e631d7, 0x4242c684, 0x6868b8d0, 0x4141c382, 0x9999b029, 0x2d2d775a, 0x0f0f111e, 0xb0b0cb7b, 0x5454fca8, 0xbbbbd66d, 0x16163a2c]; // Transformations for decryption
 
-           loadImages: function(projection) {
-               var url = apibase$2 + '/1.0/list/nearby-photos/';
-               loadTiles$1('images', url, projection);
-           },
+           var T5 = [0x51f4a750, 0x7e416553, 0x1a17a4c3, 0x3a275e96, 0x3bab6bcb, 0x1f9d45f1, 0xacfa58ab, 0x4be30393, 0x2030fa55, 0xad766df6, 0x88cc7691, 0xf5024c25, 0x4fe5d7fc, 0xc52acbd7, 0x26354480, 0xb562a38f, 0xdeb15a49, 0x25ba1b67, 0x45ea0e98, 0x5dfec0e1, 0xc32f7502, 0x814cf012, 0x8d4697a3, 0x6bd3f9c6, 0x038f5fe7, 0x15929c95, 0xbf6d7aeb, 0x955259da, 0xd4be832d, 0x587421d3, 0x49e06929, 0x8ec9c844, 0x75c2896a, 0xf48e7978, 0x99583e6b, 0x27b971dd, 0xbee14fb6, 0xf088ad17, 0xc920ac66, 0x7dce3ab4, 0x63df4a18, 0xe51a3182, 0x97513360, 0x62537f45, 0xb16477e0, 0xbb6bae84, 0xfe81a01c, 0xf9082b94, 0x70486858, 0x8f45fd19, 0x94de6c87, 0x527bf8b7, 0xab73d323, 0x724b02e2, 0xe31f8f57, 0x6655ab2a, 0xb2eb2807, 0x2fb5c203, 0x86c57b9a, 0xd33708a5, 0x302887f2, 0x23bfa5b2, 0x02036aba, 0xed16825c, 0x8acf1c2b, 0xa779b492, 0xf307f2f0, 0x4e69e2a1, 0x65daf4cd, 0x0605bed5, 0xd134621f, 0xc4a6fe8a, 0x342e539d, 0xa2f355a0, 0x058ae132, 0xa4f6eb75, 0x0b83ec39, 0x4060efaa, 0x5e719f06, 0xbd6e1051, 0x3e218af9, 0x96dd063d, 0xdd3e05ae, 0x4de6bd46, 0x91548db5, 0x71c45d05, 0x0406d46f, 0x605015ff, 0x1998fb24, 0xd6bde997, 0x894043cc, 0x67d99e77, 0xb0e842bd, 0x07898b88, 0xe7195b38, 0x79c8eedb, 0xa17c0a47, 0x7c420fe9, 0xf8841ec9, 0x00000000, 0x09808683, 0x322bed48, 0x1e1170ac, 0x6c5a724e, 0xfd0efffb, 0x0f853856, 0x3daed51e, 0x362d3927, 0x0a0fd964, 0x685ca621, 0x9b5b54d1, 0x24362e3a, 0x0c0a67b1, 0x9357e70f, 0xb4ee96d2, 0x1b9b919e, 0x80c0c54f, 0x61dc20a2, 0x5a774b69, 0x1c121a16, 0xe293ba0a, 0xc0a02ae5, 0x3c22e043, 0x121b171d, 0x0e090d0b, 0xf28bc7ad, 0x2db6a8b9, 0x141ea9c8, 0x57f11985, 0xaf75074c, 0xee99ddbb, 0xa37f60fd, 0xf701269f, 0x5c72f5bc, 0x44663bc5, 0x5bfb7e34, 0x8b432976, 0xcb23c6dc, 0xb6edfc68, 0xb8e4f163, 0xd731dcca, 0x42638510, 0x13972240, 0x84c61120, 0x854a247d, 0xd2bb3df8, 0xaef93211, 0xc729a16d, 0x1d9e2f4b, 0xdcb230f3, 0x0d8652ec, 0x77c1e3d0, 0x2bb3166c, 0xa970b999, 0x119448fa, 0x47e96422, 0xa8fc8cc4, 0xa0f03f1a, 0x567d2cd8, 0x223390ef, 0x87494ec7, 0xd938d1c1, 0x8ccaa2fe, 0x98d40b36, 0xa6f581cf, 0xa57ade28, 0xdab78e26, 0x3fadbfa4, 0x2c3a9de4, 0x5078920d, 0x6a5fcc9b, 0x547e4662, 0xf68d13c2, 0x90d8b8e8, 0x2e39f75e, 0x82c3aff5, 0x9f5d80be, 0x69d0937c, 0x6fd52da9, 0xcf2512b3, 0xc8ac993b, 0x10187da7, 0xe89c636e, 0xdb3bbb7b, 0xcd267809, 0x6e5918f4, 0xec9ab701, 0x834f9aa8, 0xe6956e65, 0xaaffe67e, 0x21bccf08, 0xef15e8e6, 0xbae79bd9, 0x4a6f36ce, 0xea9f09d4, 0x29b07cd6, 0x31a4b2af, 0x2a3f2331, 0xc6a59430, 0x35a266c0, 0x744ebc37, 0xfc82caa6, 0xe090d0b0, 0x33a7d815, 0xf104984a, 0x41ecdaf7, 0x7fcd500e, 0x1791f62f, 0x764dd68d, 0x43efb04d, 0xccaa4d54, 0xe49604df, 0x9ed1b5e3, 0x4c6a881b, 0xc12c1fb8, 0x4665517f, 0x9d5eea04, 0x018c355d, 0xfa877473, 0xfb0b412e, 0xb3671d5a, 0x92dbd252, 0xe9105633, 0x6dd64713, 0x9ad7618c, 0x37a10c7a, 0x59f8148e, 0xeb133c89, 0xcea927ee, 0xb761c935, 0xe11ce5ed, 0x7a47b13c, 0x9cd2df59, 0x55f2733f, 0x1814ce79, 0x73c737bf, 0x53f7cdea, 0x5ffdaa5b, 0xdf3d6f14, 0x7844db86, 0xcaaff381, 0xb968c43e, 0x3824342c, 0xc2a3405f, 0x161dc372, 0xbce2250c, 0x283c498b, 0xff0d9541, 0x39a80171, 0x080cb3de, 0xd8b4e49c, 0x6456c190, 0x7bcb8461, 0xd532b670, 0x486c5c74, 0xd0b85742];
+           var T6 = [0x5051f4a7, 0x537e4165, 0xc31a17a4, 0x963a275e, 0xcb3bab6b, 0xf11f9d45, 0xabacfa58, 0x934be303, 0x552030fa, 0xf6ad766d, 0x9188cc76, 0x25f5024c, 0xfc4fe5d7, 0xd7c52acb, 0x80263544, 0x8fb562a3, 0x49deb15a, 0x6725ba1b, 0x9845ea0e, 0xe15dfec0, 0x02c32f75, 0x12814cf0, 0xa38d4697, 0xc66bd3f9, 0xe7038f5f, 0x9515929c, 0xebbf6d7a, 0xda955259, 0x2dd4be83, 0xd3587421, 0x2949e069, 0x448ec9c8, 0x6a75c289, 0x78f48e79, 0x6b99583e, 0xdd27b971, 0xb6bee14f, 0x17f088ad, 0x66c920ac, 0xb47dce3a, 0x1863df4a, 0x82e51a31, 0x60975133, 0x4562537f, 0xe0b16477, 0x84bb6bae, 0x1cfe81a0, 0x94f9082b, 0x58704868, 0x198f45fd, 0x8794de6c, 0xb7527bf8, 0x23ab73d3, 0xe2724b02, 0x57e31f8f, 0x2a6655ab, 0x07b2eb28, 0x032fb5c2, 0x9a86c57b, 0xa5d33708, 0xf2302887, 0xb223bfa5, 0xba02036a, 0x5ced1682, 0x2b8acf1c, 0x92a779b4, 0xf0f307f2, 0xa14e69e2, 0xcd65daf4, 0xd50605be, 0x1fd13462, 0x8ac4a6fe, 0x9d342e53, 0xa0a2f355, 0x32058ae1, 0x75a4f6eb, 0x390b83ec, 0xaa4060ef, 0x065e719f, 0x51bd6e10, 0xf93e218a, 0x3d96dd06, 0xaedd3e05, 0x464de6bd, 0xb591548d, 0x0571c45d, 0x6f0406d4, 0xff605015, 0x241998fb, 0x97d6bde9, 0xcc894043, 0x7767d99e, 0xbdb0e842, 0x8807898b, 0x38e7195b, 0xdb79c8ee, 0x47a17c0a, 0xe97c420f, 0xc9f8841e, 0x00000000, 0x83098086, 0x48322bed, 0xac1e1170, 0x4e6c5a72, 0xfbfd0eff, 0x560f8538, 0x1e3daed5, 0x27362d39, 0x640a0fd9, 0x21685ca6, 0xd19b5b54, 0x3a24362e, 0xb10c0a67, 0x0f9357e7, 0xd2b4ee96, 0x9e1b9b91, 0x4f80c0c5, 0xa261dc20, 0x695a774b, 0x161c121a, 0x0ae293ba, 0xe5c0a02a, 0x433c22e0, 0x1d121b17, 0x0b0e090d, 0xadf28bc7, 0xb92db6a8, 0xc8141ea9, 0x8557f119, 0x4caf7507, 0xbbee99dd, 0xfda37f60, 0x9ff70126, 0xbc5c72f5, 0xc544663b, 0x345bfb7e, 0x768b4329, 0xdccb23c6, 0x68b6edfc, 0x63b8e4f1, 0xcad731dc, 0x10426385, 0x40139722, 0x2084c611, 0x7d854a24, 0xf8d2bb3d, 0x11aef932, 0x6dc729a1, 0x4b1d9e2f, 0xf3dcb230, 0xec0d8652, 0xd077c1e3, 0x6c2bb316, 0x99a970b9, 0xfa119448, 0x2247e964, 0xc4a8fc8c, 0x1aa0f03f, 0xd8567d2c, 0xef223390, 0xc787494e, 0xc1d938d1, 0xfe8ccaa2, 0x3698d40b, 0xcfa6f581, 0x28a57ade, 0x26dab78e, 0xa43fadbf, 0xe42c3a9d, 0x0d507892, 0x9b6a5fcc, 0x62547e46, 0xc2f68d13, 0xe890d8b8, 0x5e2e39f7, 0xf582c3af, 0xbe9f5d80, 0x7c69d093, 0xa96fd52d, 0xb3cf2512, 0x3bc8ac99, 0xa710187d, 0x6ee89c63, 0x7bdb3bbb, 0x09cd2678, 0xf46e5918, 0x01ec9ab7, 0xa8834f9a, 0x65e6956e, 0x7eaaffe6, 0x0821bccf, 0xe6ef15e8, 0xd9bae79b, 0xce4a6f36, 0xd4ea9f09, 0xd629b07c, 0xaf31a4b2, 0x312a3f23, 0x30c6a594, 0xc035a266, 0x37744ebc, 0xa6fc82ca, 0xb0e090d0, 0x1533a7d8, 0x4af10498, 0xf741ecda, 0x0e7fcd50, 0x2f1791f6, 0x8d764dd6, 0x4d43efb0, 0x54ccaa4d, 0xdfe49604, 0xe39ed1b5, 0x1b4c6a88, 0xb8c12c1f, 0x7f466551, 0x049d5eea, 0x5d018c35, 0x73fa8774, 0x2efb0b41, 0x5ab3671d, 0x5292dbd2, 0x33e91056, 0x136dd647, 0x8c9ad761, 0x7a37a10c, 0x8e59f814, 0x89eb133c, 0xeecea927, 0x35b761c9, 0xede11ce5, 0x3c7a47b1, 0x599cd2df, 0x3f55f273, 0x791814ce, 0xbf73c737, 0xea53f7cd, 0x5b5ffdaa, 0x14df3d6f, 0x867844db, 0x81caaff3, 0x3eb968c4, 0x2c382434, 0x5fc2a340, 0x72161dc3, 0x0cbce225, 0x8b283c49, 0x41ff0d95, 0x7139a801, 0xde080cb3, 0x9cd8b4e4, 0x906456c1, 0x617bcb84, 0x70d532b6, 0x74486c5c, 0x42d0b857];
+           var T7 = [0xa75051f4, 0x65537e41, 0xa4c31a17, 0x5e963a27, 0x6bcb3bab, 0x45f11f9d, 0x58abacfa, 0x03934be3, 0xfa552030, 0x6df6ad76, 0x769188cc, 0x4c25f502, 0xd7fc4fe5, 0xcbd7c52a, 0x44802635, 0xa38fb562, 0x5a49deb1, 0x1b6725ba, 0x0e9845ea, 0xc0e15dfe, 0x7502c32f, 0xf012814c, 0x97a38d46, 0xf9c66bd3, 0x5fe7038f, 0x9c951592, 0x7aebbf6d, 0x59da9552, 0x832dd4be, 0x21d35874, 0x692949e0, 0xc8448ec9, 0x896a75c2, 0x7978f48e, 0x3e6b9958, 0x71dd27b9, 0x4fb6bee1, 0xad17f088, 0xac66c920, 0x3ab47dce, 0x4a1863df, 0x3182e51a, 0x33609751, 0x7f456253, 0x77e0b164, 0xae84bb6b, 0xa01cfe81, 0x2b94f908, 0x68587048, 0xfd198f45, 0x6c8794de, 0xf8b7527b, 0xd323ab73, 0x02e2724b, 0x8f57e31f, 0xab2a6655, 0x2807b2eb, 0xc2032fb5, 0x7b9a86c5, 0x08a5d337, 0x87f23028, 0xa5b223bf, 0x6aba0203, 0x825ced16, 0x1c2b8acf, 0xb492a779, 0xf2f0f307, 0xe2a14e69, 0xf4cd65da, 0xbed50605, 0x621fd134, 0xfe8ac4a6, 0x539d342e, 0x55a0a2f3, 0xe132058a, 0xeb75a4f6, 0xec390b83, 0xefaa4060, 0x9f065e71, 0x1051bd6e, 0x8af93e21, 0x063d96dd, 0x05aedd3e, 0xbd464de6, 0x8db59154, 0x5d0571c4, 0xd46f0406, 0x15ff6050, 0xfb241998, 0xe997d6bd, 0x43cc8940, 0x9e7767d9, 0x42bdb0e8, 0x8b880789, 0x5b38e719, 0xeedb79c8, 0x0a47a17c, 0x0fe97c42, 0x1ec9f884, 0x00000000, 0x86830980, 0xed48322b, 0x70ac1e11, 0x724e6c5a, 0xfffbfd0e, 0x38560f85, 0xd51e3dae, 0x3927362d, 0xd9640a0f, 0xa621685c, 0x54d19b5b, 0x2e3a2436, 0x67b10c0a, 0xe70f9357, 0x96d2b4ee, 0x919e1b9b, 0xc54f80c0, 0x20a261dc, 0x4b695a77, 0x1a161c12, 0xba0ae293, 0x2ae5c0a0, 0xe0433c22, 0x171d121b, 0x0d0b0e09, 0xc7adf28b, 0xa8b92db6, 0xa9c8141e, 0x198557f1, 0x074caf75, 0xddbbee99, 0x60fda37f, 0x269ff701, 0xf5bc5c72, 0x3bc54466, 0x7e345bfb, 0x29768b43, 0xc6dccb23, 0xfc68b6ed, 0xf163b8e4, 0xdccad731, 0x85104263, 0x22401397, 0x112084c6, 0x247d854a, 0x3df8d2bb, 0x3211aef9, 0xa16dc729, 0x2f4b1d9e, 0x30f3dcb2, 0x52ec0d86, 0xe3d077c1, 0x166c2bb3, 0xb999a970, 0x48fa1194, 0x642247e9, 0x8cc4a8fc, 0x3f1aa0f0, 0x2cd8567d, 0x90ef2233, 0x4ec78749, 0xd1c1d938, 0xa2fe8cca, 0x0b3698d4, 0x81cfa6f5, 0xde28a57a, 0x8e26dab7, 0xbfa43fad, 0x9de42c3a, 0x920d5078, 0xcc9b6a5f, 0x4662547e, 0x13c2f68d, 0xb8e890d8, 0xf75e2e39, 0xaff582c3, 0x80be9f5d, 0x937c69d0, 0x2da96fd5, 0x12b3cf25, 0x993bc8ac, 0x7da71018, 0x636ee89c, 0xbb7bdb3b, 0x7809cd26, 0x18f46e59, 0xb701ec9a, 0x9aa8834f, 0x6e65e695, 0xe67eaaff, 0xcf0821bc, 0xe8e6ef15, 0x9bd9bae7, 0x36ce4a6f, 0x09d4ea9f, 0x7cd629b0, 0xb2af31a4, 0x23312a3f, 0x9430c6a5, 0x66c035a2, 0xbc37744e, 0xcaa6fc82, 0xd0b0e090, 0xd81533a7, 0x984af104, 0xdaf741ec, 0x500e7fcd, 0xf62f1791, 0xd68d764d, 0xb04d43ef, 0x4d54ccaa, 0x04dfe496, 0xb5e39ed1, 0x881b4c6a, 0x1fb8c12c, 0x517f4665, 0xea049d5e, 0x355d018c, 0x7473fa87, 0x412efb0b, 0x1d5ab367, 0xd25292db, 0x5633e910, 0x47136dd6, 0x618c9ad7, 0x0c7a37a1, 0x148e59f8, 0x3c89eb13, 0x27eecea9, 0xc935b761, 0xe5ede11c, 0xb13c7a47, 0xdf599cd2, 0x733f55f2, 0xce791814, 0x37bf73c7, 0xcdea53f7, 0xaa5b5ffd, 0x6f14df3d, 0xdb867844, 0xf381caaf, 0xc43eb968, 0x342c3824, 0x405fc2a3, 0xc372161d, 0x250cbce2, 0x498b283c, 0x9541ff0d, 0x017139a8, 0xb3de080c, 0xe49cd8b4, 0xc1906456, 0x84617bcb, 0xb670d532, 0x5c74486c, 0x5742d0b8];
+           var T8 = [0xf4a75051, 0x4165537e, 0x17a4c31a, 0x275e963a, 0xab6bcb3b, 0x9d45f11f, 0xfa58abac, 0xe303934b, 0x30fa5520, 0x766df6ad, 0xcc769188, 0x024c25f5, 0xe5d7fc4f, 0x2acbd7c5, 0x35448026, 0x62a38fb5, 0xb15a49de, 0xba1b6725, 0xea0e9845, 0xfec0e15d, 0x2f7502c3, 0x4cf01281, 0x4697a38d, 0xd3f9c66b, 0x8f5fe703, 0x929c9515, 0x6d7aebbf, 0x5259da95, 0xbe832dd4, 0x7421d358, 0xe0692949, 0xc9c8448e, 0xc2896a75, 0x8e7978f4, 0x583e6b99, 0xb971dd27, 0xe14fb6be, 0x88ad17f0, 0x20ac66c9, 0xce3ab47d, 0xdf4a1863, 0x1a3182e5, 0x51336097, 0x537f4562, 0x6477e0b1, 0x6bae84bb, 0x81a01cfe, 0x082b94f9, 0x48685870, 0x45fd198f, 0xde6c8794, 0x7bf8b752, 0x73d323ab, 0x4b02e272, 0x1f8f57e3, 0x55ab2a66, 0xeb2807b2, 0xb5c2032f, 0xc57b9a86, 0x3708a5d3, 0x2887f230, 0xbfa5b223, 0x036aba02, 0x16825ced, 0xcf1c2b8a, 0x79b492a7, 0x07f2f0f3, 0x69e2a14e, 0xdaf4cd65, 0x05bed506, 0x34621fd1, 0xa6fe8ac4, 0x2e539d34, 0xf355a0a2, 0x8ae13205, 0xf6eb75a4, 0x83ec390b, 0x60efaa40, 0x719f065e, 0x6e1051bd, 0x218af93e, 0xdd063d96, 0x3e05aedd, 0xe6bd464d, 0x548db591, 0xc45d0571, 0x06d46f04, 0x5015ff60, 0x98fb2419, 0xbde997d6, 0x4043cc89, 0xd99e7767, 0xe842bdb0, 0x898b8807, 0x195b38e7, 0xc8eedb79, 0x7c0a47a1, 0x420fe97c, 0x841ec9f8, 0x00000000, 0x80868309, 0x2bed4832, 0x1170ac1e, 0x5a724e6c, 0x0efffbfd, 0x8538560f, 0xaed51e3d, 0x2d392736, 0x0fd9640a, 0x5ca62168, 0x5b54d19b, 0x362e3a24, 0x0a67b10c, 0x57e70f93, 0xee96d2b4, 0x9b919e1b, 0xc0c54f80, 0xdc20a261, 0x774b695a, 0x121a161c, 0x93ba0ae2, 0xa02ae5c0, 0x22e0433c, 0x1b171d12, 0x090d0b0e, 0x8bc7adf2, 0xb6a8b92d, 0x1ea9c814, 0xf1198557, 0x75074caf, 0x99ddbbee, 0x7f60fda3, 0x01269ff7, 0x72f5bc5c, 0x663bc544, 0xfb7e345b, 0x4329768b, 0x23c6dccb, 0xedfc68b6, 0xe4f163b8, 0x31dccad7, 0x63851042, 0x97224013, 0xc6112084, 0x4a247d85, 0xbb3df8d2, 0xf93211ae, 0x29a16dc7, 0x9e2f4b1d, 0xb230f3dc, 0x8652ec0d, 0xc1e3d077, 0xb3166c2b, 0x70b999a9, 0x9448fa11, 0xe9642247, 0xfc8cc4a8, 0xf03f1aa0, 0x7d2cd856, 0x3390ef22, 0x494ec787, 0x38d1c1d9, 0xcaa2fe8c, 0xd40b3698, 0xf581cfa6, 0x7ade28a5, 0xb78e26da, 0xadbfa43f, 0x3a9de42c, 0x78920d50, 0x5fcc9b6a, 0x7e466254, 0x8d13c2f6, 0xd8b8e890, 0x39f75e2e, 0xc3aff582, 0x5d80be9f, 0xd0937c69, 0xd52da96f, 0x2512b3cf, 0xac993bc8, 0x187da710, 0x9c636ee8, 0x3bbb7bdb, 0x267809cd, 0x5918f46e, 0x9ab701ec, 0x4f9aa883, 0x956e65e6, 0xffe67eaa, 0xbccf0821, 0x15e8e6ef, 0xe79bd9ba, 0x6f36ce4a, 0x9f09d4ea, 0xb07cd629, 0xa4b2af31, 0x3f23312a, 0xa59430c6, 0xa266c035, 0x4ebc3774, 0x82caa6fc, 0x90d0b0e0, 0xa7d81533, 0x04984af1, 0xecdaf741, 0xcd500e7f, 0x91f62f17, 0x4dd68d76, 0xefb04d43, 0xaa4d54cc, 0x9604dfe4, 0xd1b5e39e, 0x6a881b4c, 0x2c1fb8c1, 0x65517f46, 0x5eea049d, 0x8c355d01, 0x877473fa, 0x0b412efb, 0x671d5ab3, 0xdbd25292, 0x105633e9, 0xd647136d, 0xd7618c9a, 0xa10c7a37, 0xf8148e59, 0x133c89eb, 0xa927eece, 0x61c935b7, 0x1ce5ede1, 0x47b13c7a, 0xd2df599c, 0xf2733f55, 0x14ce7918, 0xc737bf73, 0xf7cdea53, 0xfdaa5b5f, 0x3d6f14df, 0x44db8678, 0xaff381ca, 0x68c43eb9, 0x24342c38, 0xa3405fc2, 0x1dc37216, 0xe2250cbc, 0x3c498b28, 0x0d9541ff, 0xa8017139, 0x0cb3de08, 0xb4e49cd8, 0x56c19064, 0xcb84617b, 0x32b670d5, 0x6c5c7448, 0xb85742d0]; // Transformations for decryption key expansion
 
+           var U1 = [0x00000000, 0x0e090d0b, 0x1c121a16, 0x121b171d, 0x3824342c, 0x362d3927, 0x24362e3a, 0x2a3f2331, 0x70486858, 0x7e416553, 0x6c5a724e, 0x62537f45, 0x486c5c74, 0x4665517f, 0x547e4662, 0x5a774b69, 0xe090d0b0, 0xee99ddbb, 0xfc82caa6, 0xf28bc7ad, 0xd8b4e49c, 0xd6bde997, 0xc4a6fe8a, 0xcaaff381, 0x90d8b8e8, 0x9ed1b5e3, 0x8ccaa2fe, 0x82c3aff5, 0xa8fc8cc4, 0xa6f581cf, 0xb4ee96d2, 0xbae79bd9, 0xdb3bbb7b, 0xd532b670, 0xc729a16d, 0xc920ac66, 0xe31f8f57, 0xed16825c, 0xff0d9541, 0xf104984a, 0xab73d323, 0xa57ade28, 0xb761c935, 0xb968c43e, 0x9357e70f, 0x9d5eea04, 0x8f45fd19, 0x814cf012, 0x3bab6bcb, 0x35a266c0, 0x27b971dd, 0x29b07cd6, 0x038f5fe7, 0x0d8652ec, 0x1f9d45f1, 0x119448fa, 0x4be30393, 0x45ea0e98, 0x57f11985, 0x59f8148e, 0x73c737bf, 0x7dce3ab4, 0x6fd52da9, 0x61dc20a2, 0xad766df6, 0xa37f60fd, 0xb16477e0, 0xbf6d7aeb, 0x955259da, 0x9b5b54d1, 0x894043cc, 0x87494ec7, 0xdd3e05ae, 0xd33708a5, 0xc12c1fb8, 0xcf2512b3, 0xe51a3182, 0xeb133c89, 0xf9082b94, 0xf701269f, 0x4de6bd46, 0x43efb04d, 0x51f4a750, 0x5ffdaa5b, 0x75c2896a, 0x7bcb8461, 0x69d0937c, 0x67d99e77, 0x3daed51e, 0x33a7d815, 0x21bccf08, 0x2fb5c203, 0x058ae132, 0x0b83ec39, 0x1998fb24, 0x1791f62f, 0x764dd68d, 0x7844db86, 0x6a5fcc9b, 0x6456c190, 0x4e69e2a1, 0x4060efaa, 0x527bf8b7, 0x5c72f5bc, 0x0605bed5, 0x080cb3de, 0x1a17a4c3, 0x141ea9c8, 0x3e218af9, 0x302887f2, 0x223390ef, 0x2c3a9de4, 0x96dd063d, 0x98d40b36, 0x8acf1c2b, 0x84c61120, 0xaef93211, 0xa0f03f1a, 0xb2eb2807, 0xbce2250c, 0xe6956e65, 0xe89c636e, 0xfa877473, 0xf48e7978, 0xdeb15a49, 0xd0b85742, 0xc2a3405f, 0xccaa4d54, 0x41ecdaf7, 0x4fe5d7fc, 0x5dfec0e1, 0x53f7cdea, 0x79c8eedb, 0x77c1e3d0, 0x65daf4cd, 0x6bd3f9c6, 0x31a4b2af, 0x3fadbfa4, 0x2db6a8b9, 0x23bfa5b2, 0x09808683, 0x07898b88, 0x15929c95, 0x1b9b919e, 0xa17c0a47, 0xaf75074c, 0xbd6e1051, 0xb3671d5a, 0x99583e6b, 0x97513360, 0x854a247d, 0x8b432976, 0xd134621f, 0xdf3d6f14, 0xcd267809, 0xc32f7502, 0xe9105633, 0xe7195b38, 0xf5024c25, 0xfb0b412e, 0x9ad7618c, 0x94de6c87, 0x86c57b9a, 0x88cc7691, 0xa2f355a0, 0xacfa58ab, 0xbee14fb6, 0xb0e842bd, 0xea9f09d4, 0xe49604df, 0xf68d13c2, 0xf8841ec9, 0xd2bb3df8, 0xdcb230f3, 0xcea927ee, 0xc0a02ae5, 0x7a47b13c, 0x744ebc37, 0x6655ab2a, 0x685ca621, 0x42638510, 0x4c6a881b, 0x5e719f06, 0x5078920d, 0x0a0fd964, 0x0406d46f, 0x161dc372, 0x1814ce79, 0x322bed48, 0x3c22e043, 0x2e39f75e, 0x2030fa55, 0xec9ab701, 0xe293ba0a, 0xf088ad17, 0xfe81a01c, 0xd4be832d, 0xdab78e26, 0xc8ac993b, 0xc6a59430, 0x9cd2df59, 0x92dbd252, 0x80c0c54f, 0x8ec9c844, 0xa4f6eb75, 0xaaffe67e, 0xb8e4f163, 0xb6edfc68, 0x0c0a67b1, 0x02036aba, 0x10187da7, 0x1e1170ac, 0x342e539d, 0x3a275e96, 0x283c498b, 0x26354480, 0x7c420fe9, 0x724b02e2, 0x605015ff, 0x6e5918f4, 0x44663bc5, 0x4a6f36ce, 0x587421d3, 0x567d2cd8, 0x37a10c7a, 0x39a80171, 0x2bb3166c, 0x25ba1b67, 0x0f853856, 0x018c355d, 0x13972240, 0x1d9e2f4b, 0x47e96422, 0x49e06929, 0x5bfb7e34, 0x55f2733f, 0x7fcd500e, 0x71c45d05, 0x63df4a18, 0x6dd64713, 0xd731dcca, 0xd938d1c1, 0xcb23c6dc, 0xc52acbd7, 0xef15e8e6, 0xe11ce5ed, 0xf307f2f0, 0xfd0efffb, 0xa779b492, 0xa970b999, 0xbb6bae84, 0xb562a38f, 0x9f5d80be, 0x91548db5, 0x834f9aa8, 0x8d4697a3];
+           var U2 = [0x00000000, 0x0b0e090d, 0x161c121a, 0x1d121b17, 0x2c382434, 0x27362d39, 0x3a24362e, 0x312a3f23, 0x58704868, 0x537e4165, 0x4e6c5a72, 0x4562537f, 0x74486c5c, 0x7f466551, 0x62547e46, 0x695a774b, 0xb0e090d0, 0xbbee99dd, 0xa6fc82ca, 0xadf28bc7, 0x9cd8b4e4, 0x97d6bde9, 0x8ac4a6fe, 0x81caaff3, 0xe890d8b8, 0xe39ed1b5, 0xfe8ccaa2, 0xf582c3af, 0xc4a8fc8c, 0xcfa6f581, 0xd2b4ee96, 0xd9bae79b, 0x7bdb3bbb, 0x70d532b6, 0x6dc729a1, 0x66c920ac, 0x57e31f8f, 0x5ced1682, 0x41ff0d95, 0x4af10498, 0x23ab73d3, 0x28a57ade, 0x35b761c9, 0x3eb968c4, 0x0f9357e7, 0x049d5eea, 0x198f45fd, 0x12814cf0, 0xcb3bab6b, 0xc035a266, 0xdd27b971, 0xd629b07c, 0xe7038f5f, 0xec0d8652, 0xf11f9d45, 0xfa119448, 0x934be303, 0x9845ea0e, 0x8557f119, 0x8e59f814, 0xbf73c737, 0xb47dce3a, 0xa96fd52d, 0xa261dc20, 0xf6ad766d, 0xfda37f60, 0xe0b16477, 0xebbf6d7a, 0xda955259, 0xd19b5b54, 0xcc894043, 0xc787494e, 0xaedd3e05, 0xa5d33708, 0xb8c12c1f, 0xb3cf2512, 0x82e51a31, 0x89eb133c, 0x94f9082b, 0x9ff70126, 0x464de6bd, 0x4d43efb0, 0x5051f4a7, 0x5b5ffdaa, 0x6a75c289, 0x617bcb84, 0x7c69d093, 0x7767d99e, 0x1e3daed5, 0x1533a7d8, 0x0821bccf, 0x032fb5c2, 0x32058ae1, 0x390b83ec, 0x241998fb, 0x2f1791f6, 0x8d764dd6, 0x867844db, 0x9b6a5fcc, 0x906456c1, 0xa14e69e2, 0xaa4060ef, 0xb7527bf8, 0xbc5c72f5, 0xd50605be, 0xde080cb3, 0xc31a17a4, 0xc8141ea9, 0xf93e218a, 0xf2302887, 0xef223390, 0xe42c3a9d, 0x3d96dd06, 0x3698d40b, 0x2b8acf1c, 0x2084c611, 0x11aef932, 0x1aa0f03f, 0x07b2eb28, 0x0cbce225, 0x65e6956e, 0x6ee89c63, 0x73fa8774, 0x78f48e79, 0x49deb15a, 0x42d0b857, 0x5fc2a340, 0x54ccaa4d, 0xf741ecda, 0xfc4fe5d7, 0xe15dfec0, 0xea53f7cd, 0xdb79c8ee, 0xd077c1e3, 0xcd65daf4, 0xc66bd3f9, 0xaf31a4b2, 0xa43fadbf, 0xb92db6a8, 0xb223bfa5, 0x83098086, 0x8807898b, 0x9515929c, 0x9e1b9b91, 0x47a17c0a, 0x4caf7507, 0x51bd6e10, 0x5ab3671d, 0x6b99583e, 0x60975133, 0x7d854a24, 0x768b4329, 0x1fd13462, 0x14df3d6f, 0x09cd2678, 0x02c32f75, 0x33e91056, 0x38e7195b, 0x25f5024c, 0x2efb0b41, 0x8c9ad761, 0x8794de6c, 0x9a86c57b, 0x9188cc76, 0xa0a2f355, 0xabacfa58, 0xb6bee14f, 0xbdb0e842, 0xd4ea9f09, 0xdfe49604, 0xc2f68d13, 0xc9f8841e, 0xf8d2bb3d, 0xf3dcb230, 0xeecea927, 0xe5c0a02a, 0x3c7a47b1, 0x37744ebc, 0x2a6655ab, 0x21685ca6, 0x10426385, 0x1b4c6a88, 0x065e719f, 0x0d507892, 0x640a0fd9, 0x6f0406d4, 0x72161dc3, 0x791814ce, 0x48322bed, 0x433c22e0, 0x5e2e39f7, 0x552030fa, 0x01ec9ab7, 0x0ae293ba, 0x17f088ad, 0x1cfe81a0, 0x2dd4be83, 0x26dab78e, 0x3bc8ac99, 0x30c6a594, 0x599cd2df, 0x5292dbd2, 0x4f80c0c5, 0x448ec9c8, 0x75a4f6eb, 0x7eaaffe6, 0x63b8e4f1, 0x68b6edfc, 0xb10c0a67, 0xba02036a, 0xa710187d, 0xac1e1170, 0x9d342e53, 0x963a275e, 0x8b283c49, 0x80263544, 0xe97c420f, 0xe2724b02, 0xff605015, 0xf46e5918, 0xc544663b, 0xce4a6f36, 0xd3587421, 0xd8567d2c, 0x7a37a10c, 0x7139a801, 0x6c2bb316, 0x6725ba1b, 0x560f8538, 0x5d018c35, 0x40139722, 0x4b1d9e2f, 0x2247e964, 0x2949e069, 0x345bfb7e, 0x3f55f273, 0x0e7fcd50, 0x0571c45d, 0x1863df4a, 0x136dd647, 0xcad731dc, 0xc1d938d1, 0xdccb23c6, 0xd7c52acb, 0xe6ef15e8, 0xede11ce5, 0xf0f307f2, 0xfbfd0eff, 0x92a779b4, 0x99a970b9, 0x84bb6bae, 0x8fb562a3, 0xbe9f5d80, 0xb591548d, 0xa8834f9a, 0xa38d4697];
+           var U3 = [0x00000000, 0x0d0b0e09, 0x1a161c12, 0x171d121b, 0x342c3824, 0x3927362d, 0x2e3a2436, 0x23312a3f, 0x68587048, 0x65537e41, 0x724e6c5a, 0x7f456253, 0x5c74486c, 0x517f4665, 0x4662547e, 0x4b695a77, 0xd0b0e090, 0xddbbee99, 0xcaa6fc82, 0xc7adf28b, 0xe49cd8b4, 0xe997d6bd, 0xfe8ac4a6, 0xf381caaf, 0xb8e890d8, 0xb5e39ed1, 0xa2fe8cca, 0xaff582c3, 0x8cc4a8fc, 0x81cfa6f5, 0x96d2b4ee, 0x9bd9bae7, 0xbb7bdb3b, 0xb670d532, 0xa16dc729, 0xac66c920, 0x8f57e31f, 0x825ced16, 0x9541ff0d, 0x984af104, 0xd323ab73, 0xde28a57a, 0xc935b761, 0xc43eb968, 0xe70f9357, 0xea049d5e, 0xfd198f45, 0xf012814c, 0x6bcb3bab, 0x66c035a2, 0x71dd27b9, 0x7cd629b0, 0x5fe7038f, 0x52ec0d86, 0x45f11f9d, 0x48fa1194, 0x03934be3, 0x0e9845ea, 0x198557f1, 0x148e59f8, 0x37bf73c7, 0x3ab47dce, 0x2da96fd5, 0x20a261dc, 0x6df6ad76, 0x60fda37f, 0x77e0b164, 0x7aebbf6d, 0x59da9552, 0x54d19b5b, 0x43cc8940, 0x4ec78749, 0x05aedd3e, 0x08a5d337, 0x1fb8c12c, 0x12b3cf25, 0x3182e51a, 0x3c89eb13, 0x2b94f908, 0x269ff701, 0xbd464de6, 0xb04d43ef, 0xa75051f4, 0xaa5b5ffd, 0x896a75c2, 0x84617bcb, 0x937c69d0, 0x9e7767d9, 0xd51e3dae, 0xd81533a7, 0xcf0821bc, 0xc2032fb5, 0xe132058a, 0xec390b83, 0xfb241998, 0xf62f1791, 0xd68d764d, 0xdb867844, 0xcc9b6a5f, 0xc1906456, 0xe2a14e69, 0xefaa4060, 0xf8b7527b, 0xf5bc5c72, 0xbed50605, 0xb3de080c, 0xa4c31a17, 0xa9c8141e, 0x8af93e21, 0x87f23028, 0x90ef2233, 0x9de42c3a, 0x063d96dd, 0x0b3698d4, 0x1c2b8acf, 0x112084c6, 0x3211aef9, 0x3f1aa0f0, 0x2807b2eb, 0x250cbce2, 0x6e65e695, 0x636ee89c, 0x7473fa87, 0x7978f48e, 0x5a49deb1, 0x5742d0b8, 0x405fc2a3, 0x4d54ccaa, 0xdaf741ec, 0xd7fc4fe5, 0xc0e15dfe, 0xcdea53f7, 0xeedb79c8, 0xe3d077c1, 0xf4cd65da, 0xf9c66bd3, 0xb2af31a4, 0xbfa43fad, 0xa8b92db6, 0xa5b223bf, 0x86830980, 0x8b880789, 0x9c951592, 0x919e1b9b, 0x0a47a17c, 0x074caf75, 0x1051bd6e, 0x1d5ab367, 0x3e6b9958, 0x33609751, 0x247d854a, 0x29768b43, 0x621fd134, 0x6f14df3d, 0x7809cd26, 0x7502c32f, 0x5633e910, 0x5b38e719, 0x4c25f502, 0x412efb0b, 0x618c9ad7, 0x6c8794de, 0x7b9a86c5, 0x769188cc, 0x55a0a2f3, 0x58abacfa, 0x4fb6bee1, 0x42bdb0e8, 0x09d4ea9f, 0x04dfe496, 0x13c2f68d, 0x1ec9f884, 0x3df8d2bb, 0x30f3dcb2, 0x27eecea9, 0x2ae5c0a0, 0xb13c7a47, 0xbc37744e, 0xab2a6655, 0xa621685c, 0x85104263, 0x881b4c6a, 0x9f065e71, 0x920d5078, 0xd9640a0f, 0xd46f0406, 0xc372161d, 0xce791814, 0xed48322b, 0xe0433c22, 0xf75e2e39, 0xfa552030, 0xb701ec9a, 0xba0ae293, 0xad17f088, 0xa01cfe81, 0x832dd4be, 0x8e26dab7, 0x993bc8ac, 0x9430c6a5, 0xdf599cd2, 0xd25292db, 0xc54f80c0, 0xc8448ec9, 0xeb75a4f6, 0xe67eaaff, 0xf163b8e4, 0xfc68b6ed, 0x67b10c0a, 0x6aba0203, 0x7da71018, 0x70ac1e11, 0x539d342e, 0x5e963a27, 0x498b283c, 0x44802635, 0x0fe97c42, 0x02e2724b, 0x15ff6050, 0x18f46e59, 0x3bc54466, 0x36ce4a6f, 0x21d35874, 0x2cd8567d, 0x0c7a37a1, 0x017139a8, 0x166c2bb3, 0x1b6725ba, 0x38560f85, 0x355d018c, 0x22401397, 0x2f4b1d9e, 0x642247e9, 0x692949e0, 0x7e345bfb, 0x733f55f2, 0x500e7fcd, 0x5d0571c4, 0x4a1863df, 0x47136dd6, 0xdccad731, 0xd1c1d938, 0xc6dccb23, 0xcbd7c52a, 0xe8e6ef15, 0xe5ede11c, 0xf2f0f307, 0xfffbfd0e, 0xb492a779, 0xb999a970, 0xae84bb6b, 0xa38fb562, 0x80be9f5d, 0x8db59154, 0x9aa8834f, 0x97a38d46];
+           var U4 = [0x00000000, 0x090d0b0e, 0x121a161c, 0x1b171d12, 0x24342c38, 0x2d392736, 0x362e3a24, 0x3f23312a, 0x48685870, 0x4165537e, 0x5a724e6c, 0x537f4562, 0x6c5c7448, 0x65517f46, 0x7e466254, 0x774b695a, 0x90d0b0e0, 0x99ddbbee, 0x82caa6fc, 0x8bc7adf2, 0xb4e49cd8, 0xbde997d6, 0xa6fe8ac4, 0xaff381ca, 0xd8b8e890, 0xd1b5e39e, 0xcaa2fe8c, 0xc3aff582, 0xfc8cc4a8, 0xf581cfa6, 0xee96d2b4, 0xe79bd9ba, 0x3bbb7bdb, 0x32b670d5, 0x29a16dc7, 0x20ac66c9, 0x1f8f57e3, 0x16825ced, 0x0d9541ff, 0x04984af1, 0x73d323ab, 0x7ade28a5, 0x61c935b7, 0x68c43eb9, 0x57e70f93, 0x5eea049d, 0x45fd198f, 0x4cf01281, 0xab6bcb3b, 0xa266c035, 0xb971dd27, 0xb07cd629, 0x8f5fe703, 0x8652ec0d, 0x9d45f11f, 0x9448fa11, 0xe303934b, 0xea0e9845, 0xf1198557, 0xf8148e59, 0xc737bf73, 0xce3ab47d, 0xd52da96f, 0xdc20a261, 0x766df6ad, 0x7f60fda3, 0x6477e0b1, 0x6d7aebbf, 0x5259da95, 0x5b54d19b, 0x4043cc89, 0x494ec787, 0x3e05aedd, 0x3708a5d3, 0x2c1fb8c1, 0x2512b3cf, 0x1a3182e5, 0x133c89eb, 0x082b94f9, 0x01269ff7, 0xe6bd464d, 0xefb04d43, 0xf4a75051, 0xfdaa5b5f, 0xc2896a75, 0xcb84617b, 0xd0937c69, 0xd99e7767, 0xaed51e3d, 0xa7d81533, 0xbccf0821, 0xb5c2032f, 0x8ae13205, 0x83ec390b, 0x98fb2419, 0x91f62f17, 0x4dd68d76, 0x44db8678, 0x5fcc9b6a, 0x56c19064, 0x69e2a14e, 0x60efaa40, 0x7bf8b752, 0x72f5bc5c, 0x05bed506, 0x0cb3de08, 0x17a4c31a, 0x1ea9c814, 0x218af93e, 0x2887f230, 0x3390ef22, 0x3a9de42c, 0xdd063d96, 0xd40b3698, 0xcf1c2b8a, 0xc6112084, 0xf93211ae, 0xf03f1aa0, 0xeb2807b2, 0xe2250cbc, 0x956e65e6, 0x9c636ee8, 0x877473fa, 0x8e7978f4, 0xb15a49de, 0xb85742d0, 0xa3405fc2, 0xaa4d54cc, 0xecdaf741, 0xe5d7fc4f, 0xfec0e15d, 0xf7cdea53, 0xc8eedb79, 0xc1e3d077, 0xdaf4cd65, 0xd3f9c66b, 0xa4b2af31, 0xadbfa43f, 0xb6a8b92d, 0xbfa5b223, 0x80868309, 0x898b8807, 0x929c9515, 0x9b919e1b, 0x7c0a47a1, 0x75074caf, 0x6e1051bd, 0x671d5ab3, 0x583e6b99, 0x51336097, 0x4a247d85, 0x4329768b, 0x34621fd1, 0x3d6f14df, 0x267809cd, 0x2f7502c3, 0x105633e9, 0x195b38e7, 0x024c25f5, 0x0b412efb, 0xd7618c9a, 0xde6c8794, 0xc57b9a86, 0xcc769188, 0xf355a0a2, 0xfa58abac, 0xe14fb6be, 0xe842bdb0, 0x9f09d4ea, 0x9604dfe4, 0x8d13c2f6, 0x841ec9f8, 0xbb3df8d2, 0xb230f3dc, 0xa927eece, 0xa02ae5c0, 0x47b13c7a, 0x4ebc3774, 0x55ab2a66, 0x5ca62168, 0x63851042, 0x6a881b4c, 0x719f065e, 0x78920d50, 0x0fd9640a, 0x06d46f04, 0x1dc37216, 0x14ce7918, 0x2bed4832, 0x22e0433c, 0x39f75e2e, 0x30fa5520, 0x9ab701ec, 0x93ba0ae2, 0x88ad17f0, 0x81a01cfe, 0xbe832dd4, 0xb78e26da, 0xac993bc8, 0xa59430c6, 0xd2df599c, 0xdbd25292, 0xc0c54f80, 0xc9c8448e, 0xf6eb75a4, 0xffe67eaa, 0xe4f163b8, 0xedfc68b6, 0x0a67b10c, 0x036aba02, 0x187da710, 0x1170ac1e, 0x2e539d34, 0x275e963a, 0x3c498b28, 0x35448026, 0x420fe97c, 0x4b02e272, 0x5015ff60, 0x5918f46e, 0x663bc544, 0x6f36ce4a, 0x7421d358, 0x7d2cd856, 0xa10c7a37, 0xa8017139, 0xb3166c2b, 0xba1b6725, 0x8538560f, 0x8c355d01, 0x97224013, 0x9e2f4b1d, 0xe9642247, 0xe0692949, 0xfb7e345b, 0xf2733f55, 0xcd500e7f, 0xc45d0571, 0xdf4a1863, 0xd647136d, 0x31dccad7, 0x38d1c1d9, 0x23c6dccb, 0x2acbd7c5, 0x15e8e6ef, 0x1ce5ede1, 0x07f2f0f3, 0x0efffbfd, 0x79b492a7, 0x70b999a9, 0x6bae84bb, 0x62a38fb5, 0x5d80be9f, 0x548db591, 0x4f9aa883, 0x4697a38d];
 
-           loadViewer: function(context) {
-               var that = this;
+           function convertToInt32(bytes) {
+             var result = [];
 
-               // add osc-wrapper
-               var wrap = context.container().select('.photoviewer').selectAll('.osc-wrapper')
-                   .data([0]);
+             for (var i = 0; i < bytes.length; i += 4) {
+               result.push(bytes[i] << 24 | bytes[i + 1] << 16 | bytes[i + 2] << 8 | bytes[i + 3]);
+             }
 
-               var wrapEnter = wrap.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'photo-wrapper osc-wrapper')
-                   .classed('hide', true)
-                   .call(imgZoom.on('zoom', zoomPan))
-                   .on('dblclick.zoom', null);
+             return result;
+           }
 
-               wrapEnter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'photo-attribution fillD');
+           var AES = function AES(key) {
+             if (!(this instanceof AES)) {
+               throw Error('AES must be instanitated with `new`');
+             }
 
-               var controlsEnter = wrapEnter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'photo-controls-wrap')
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'photo-controls');
+             Object.defineProperty(this, 'key', {
+               value: coerceArray(key, true)
+             });
+
+             this._prepare();
+           };
 
-               controlsEnter
-                   .append('button')
-                   .on('click.back', step(-1))
-                   .text('◄');
+           AES.prototype._prepare = function () {
+             var rounds = numberOfRounds[this.key.length];
 
-               controlsEnter
-                   .append('button')
-                   .on('click.rotate-ccw', rotate(-90))
-                   .text('⤿');
+             if (rounds == null) {
+               throw new Error('invalid key size (must be 16, 24 or 32 bytes)');
+             } // encryption round keys
 
-               controlsEnter
-                   .append('button')
-                   .on('click.rotate-cw', rotate(90))
-                   .text('⤾');
 
-               controlsEnter
-                   .append('button')
-                   .on('click.forward', step(1))
-                   .text('►');
+             this._Ke = []; // decryption round keys
 
-               wrapEnter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'osc-image-wrap');
+             this._Kd = [];
 
+             for (var i = 0; i <= rounds; i++) {
+               this._Ke.push([0, 0, 0, 0]);
 
-               // Register viewer resize handler
-               context.ui().photoviewer.on('resize.openstreetcam', function(dimensions) {
-                   imgZoom = d3_zoom()
-                       .extent([[0, 0], dimensions])
-                       .translateExtent([[0, 0], dimensions])
-                       .scaleExtent([1, 15])
-                       .on('zoom', zoomPan);
-               });
+               this._Kd.push([0, 0, 0, 0]);
+             }
 
+             var roundKeyCount = (rounds + 1) * 4;
+             var KC = this.key.length / 4; // convert the key into ints
 
-               function zoomPan() {
-                   var t = event.transform;
-                   context.container().select('.photoviewer .osc-image-wrap')
-                       .call(utilSetTransform, t.x, t.y, t.k);
-               }
+             var tk = convertToInt32(this.key); // copy values into round key arrays
 
+             var index;
 
-               function rotate(deg) {
-                   return function() {
-                       if (!_oscSelectedImage) return;
-                       var sequenceKey = _oscSelectedImage.sequence_id;
-                       var sequence = _oscCache.sequences[sequenceKey];
-                       if (!sequence) return;
+             for (var i = 0; i < KC; i++) {
+               index = i >> 2;
+               this._Ke[index][i % 4] = tk[i];
+               this._Kd[rounds - index][i % 4] = tk[i];
+             } // key expansion (fips-197 section 5.2)
 
-                       var r = sequence.rotation || 0;
-                       r += deg;
 
-                       if (r > 180) r -= 360;
-                       if (r < -180) r += 360;
-                       sequence.rotation = r;
+             var rconpointer = 0;
+             var t = KC,
+                 tt;
 
-                       var wrap = context.container().select('.photoviewer .osc-wrapper');
+             while (t < roundKeyCount) {
+               tt = tk[KC - 1];
+               tk[0] ^= S[tt >> 16 & 0xFF] << 24 ^ S[tt >> 8 & 0xFF] << 16 ^ S[tt & 0xFF] << 8 ^ S[tt >> 24 & 0xFF] ^ rcon[rconpointer] << 24;
+               rconpointer += 1; // key expansion (for non-256 bit)
 
-                       wrap
-                           .transition()
-                           .duration(100)
-                           .call(imgZoom.transform, identity$2);
+               if (KC != 8) {
+                 for (var i = 1; i < KC; i++) {
+                   tk[i] ^= tk[i - 1];
+                 } // key expansion for 256-bit keys is "slightly different" (fips-197)
 
-                       wrap.selectAll('.osc-image')
-                           .transition()
-                           .duration(100)
-                           .style('transform', 'rotate(' + r + 'deg)');
-                   };
-               }
+               } else {
+                 for (var i = 1; i < KC / 2; i++) {
+                   tk[i] ^= tk[i - 1];
+                 }
+
+                 tt = tk[KC / 2 - 1];
+                 tk[KC / 2] ^= S[tt & 0xFF] ^ S[tt >> 8 & 0xFF] << 8 ^ S[tt >> 16 & 0xFF] << 16 ^ S[tt >> 24 & 0xFF] << 24;
 
-               function step(stepBy) {
-                   return function() {
-                       if (!_oscSelectedImage) return;
-                       var sequenceKey = _oscSelectedImage.sequence_id;
-                       var sequence = _oscCache.sequences[sequenceKey];
-                       if (!sequence) return;
+                 for (var i = KC / 2 + 1; i < KC; i++) {
+                   tk[i] ^= tk[i - 1];
+                 }
+               } // copy values into round key arrays
 
-                       var nextIndex = _oscSelectedImage.sequence_index + stepBy;
-                       var nextImage = sequence.images[nextIndex];
-                       if (!nextImage) return;
 
-                       context.map().centerEase(nextImage.loc);
+               var i = 0,
+                   r,
+                   c;
 
-                       that
-                           .selectImage(context, nextImage)
-                           .updateViewer(context, nextImage);
-                   };
+               while (i < KC && t < roundKeyCount) {
+                 r = t >> 2;
+                 c = t % 4;
+                 this._Ke[r][c] = tk[i];
+                 this._Kd[rounds - r][c] = tk[i++];
+                 t++;
                }
-           },
+             } // inverse-cipher-ify the decryption round key (fips-197 section 5.3)
 
 
-           showViewer: function(context) {
-               var viewer = context.container().select('.photoviewer')
-                   .classed('hide', false);
+             for (var r = 1; r < rounds; r++) {
+               for (var c = 0; c < 4; c++) {
+                 tt = this._Kd[r][c];
+                 this._Kd[r][c] = U1[tt >> 24 & 0xFF] ^ U2[tt >> 16 & 0xFF] ^ U3[tt >> 8 & 0xFF] ^ U4[tt & 0xFF];
+               }
+             }
+           };
 
-               var isHidden = viewer.selectAll('.photo-wrapper.osc-wrapper.hide').size();
+           AES.prototype.encrypt = function (plaintext) {
+             if (plaintext.length != 16) {
+               throw new Error('invalid plaintext size (must be 16 bytes)');
+             }
 
-               if (isHidden) {
-                   viewer
-                       .selectAll('.photo-wrapper:not(.osc-wrapper)')
-                       .classed('hide', true);
+             var rounds = this._Ke.length - 1;
+             var a = [0, 0, 0, 0]; // convert plaintext to (ints ^ key)
 
-                   viewer
-                       .selectAll('.photo-wrapper.osc-wrapper')
-                       .classed('hide', false);
-               }
+             var t = convertToInt32(plaintext);
 
-               return this;
-           },
+             for (var i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+               t[i] ^= this._Ke[0][i];
+             } // apply round transforms
 
 
-           hideViewer: function(context) {
-               _oscSelectedImage = null;
+             for (var r = 1; r < rounds; r++) {
+               for (var i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+                 a[i] = T1[t[i] >> 24 & 0xff] ^ T2[t[(i + 1) % 4] >> 16 & 0xff] ^ T3[t[(i + 2) % 4] >> 8 & 0xff] ^ T4[t[(i + 3) % 4] & 0xff] ^ this._Ke[r][i];
+               }
 
-               var viewer = context.container().select('.photoviewer');
-               if (!viewer.empty()) viewer.datum(null);
+               t = a.slice();
+             } // the last round is special
 
-               viewer
-                   .classed('hide', true)
-                   .selectAll('.photo-wrapper')
-                   .classed('hide', true);
 
-               context.container().selectAll('.viewfield-group, .sequence, .icon-sign')
-                   .classed('currentView', false);
+             var result = createArray(16),
+                 tt;
 
-               return this.setStyles(context, null, true);
-           },
+             for (var i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+               tt = this._Ke[rounds][i];
+               result[4 * i] = (S[t[i] >> 24 & 0xff] ^ tt >> 24) & 0xff;
+               result[4 * i + 1] = (S[t[(i + 1) % 4] >> 16 & 0xff] ^ tt >> 16) & 0xff;
+               result[4 * i + 2] = (S[t[(i + 2) % 4] >> 8 & 0xff] ^ tt >> 8) & 0xff;
+               result[4 * i + 3] = (S[t[(i + 3) % 4] & 0xff] ^ tt) & 0xff;
+             }
 
+             return result;
+           };
 
-           updateViewer: function(context, d) {
-               var wrap = context.container().select('.photoviewer .osc-wrapper');
-               var imageWrap = wrap.selectAll('.osc-image-wrap');
-               var attribution = wrap.selectAll('.photo-attribution').html('');
-
-               wrap
-                   .transition()
-                   .duration(100)
-                   .call(imgZoom.transform, identity$2);
-
-               imageWrap
-                   .selectAll('.osc-image')
-                   .remove();
-
-               if (d) {
-                   var sequence = _oscCache.sequences[d.sequence_id];
-                   var r = (sequence && sequence.rotation) || 0;
-
-                   imageWrap
-                       .append('img')
-                       .attr('class', 'osc-image')
-                       .attr('src', apibase$2 + '/' + d.imagePath)
-                       .style('transform', 'rotate(' + r + 'deg)');
-
-                   if (d.captured_by) {
-                       attribution
-                           .append('a')
-                           .attr('class', 'captured_by')
-                           .attr('target', '_blank')
-                           .attr('href', 'https://openstreetcam.org/user/' + encodeURIComponent(d.captured_by))
-                           .text('@' + d.captured_by);
-
-                       attribution
-                           .append('span')
-                           .text('|');
-                   }
+           AES.prototype.decrypt = function (ciphertext) {
+             if (ciphertext.length != 16) {
+               throw new Error('invalid ciphertext size (must be 16 bytes)');
+             }
 
-                   if (d.captured_at) {
-                       attribution
-                           .append('span')
-                           .attr('class', 'captured_at')
-                           .text(localeDateString(d.captured_at));
+             var rounds = this._Kd.length - 1;
+             var a = [0, 0, 0, 0]; // convert plaintext to (ints ^ key)
 
-                       attribution
-                           .append('span')
-                           .text('|');
-                   }
+             var t = convertToInt32(ciphertext);
+
+             for (var i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+               t[i] ^= this._Kd[0][i];
+             } // apply round transforms
 
-                   attribution
-                       .append('a')
-                       .attr('class', 'image-link')
-                       .attr('target', '_blank')
-                       .attr('href', 'https://openstreetcam.org/details/' + d.sequence_id + '/' + d.sequence_index)
-                       .text('openstreetcam.org');
+
+             for (var r = 1; r < rounds; r++) {
+               for (var i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+                 a[i] = T5[t[i] >> 24 & 0xff] ^ T6[t[(i + 3) % 4] >> 16 & 0xff] ^ T7[t[(i + 2) % 4] >> 8 & 0xff] ^ T8[t[(i + 1) % 4] & 0xff] ^ this._Kd[r][i];
                }
 
-               return this;
+               t = a.slice();
+             } // the last round is special
 
 
-               function localeDateString(s) {
-                   if (!s) return null;
-                   var options = { day: 'numeric', month: 'short', year: 'numeric' };
-                   var d = new Date(s);
-                   if (isNaN(d.getTime())) return null;
-                   return d.toLocaleDateString(_mainLocalizer.localeCode(), options);
-               }
-           },
+             var result = createArray(16),
+                 tt;
 
+             for (var i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+               tt = this._Kd[rounds][i];
+               result[4 * i] = (Si[t[i] >> 24 & 0xff] ^ tt >> 24) & 0xff;
+               result[4 * i + 1] = (Si[t[(i + 3) % 4] >> 16 & 0xff] ^ tt >> 16) & 0xff;
+               result[4 * i + 2] = (Si[t[(i + 2) % 4] >> 8 & 0xff] ^ tt >> 8) & 0xff;
+               result[4 * i + 3] = (Si[t[(i + 1) % 4] & 0xff] ^ tt) & 0xff;
+             }
 
-           selectImage: function(context, d) {
-               _oscSelectedImage = d;
-               var viewer = context.container().select('.photoviewer');
-               if (!viewer.empty()) viewer.datum(d);
+             return result;
+           };
+           /**
+            *  Mode Of Operation - Electonic Codebook (ECB)
+            */
 
-               this.setStyles(context, null, true);
 
-               context.container().selectAll('.icon-sign')
-                   .classed('currentView', false);
+           var ModeOfOperationECB = function ModeOfOperationECB(key) {
+             if (!(this instanceof ModeOfOperationECB)) {
+               throw Error('AES must be instanitated with `new`');
+             }
 
-               return this;
-           },
+             this.description = "Electronic Code Block";
+             this.name = "ecb";
+             this._aes = new AES(key);
+           };
 
+           ModeOfOperationECB.prototype.encrypt = function (plaintext) {
+             plaintext = coerceArray(plaintext);
 
-           getSelectedImage: function() {
-               return _oscSelectedImage;
-           },
+             if (plaintext.length % 16 !== 0) {
+               throw new Error('invalid plaintext size (must be multiple of 16 bytes)');
+             }
 
+             var ciphertext = createArray(plaintext.length);
+             var block = createArray(16);
 
-           getSequenceKeyForImage: function(d) {
-               return d && d.sequence_id;
-           },
+             for (var i = 0; i < plaintext.length; i += 16) {
+               copyArray(plaintext, block, 0, i, i + 16);
+               block = this._aes.encrypt(block);
+               copyArray(block, ciphertext, i);
+             }
 
+             return ciphertext;
+           };
 
-           // Updates the currently highlighted sequence and selected bubble.
-           // Reset is only necessary when interacting with the viewport because
-           // this implicitly changes the currently selected bubble/sequence
-           setStyles: function(context, hovered, reset) {
-               if (reset) {  // reset all layers
-                   context.container().selectAll('.viewfield-group')
-                       .classed('highlighted', false)
-                       .classed('hovered', false)
-                       .classed('currentView', false);
+           ModeOfOperationECB.prototype.decrypt = function (ciphertext) {
+             ciphertext = coerceArray(ciphertext);
 
-                   context.container().selectAll('.sequence')
-                       .classed('highlighted', false)
-                       .classed('currentView', false);
-               }
+             if (ciphertext.length % 16 !== 0) {
+               throw new Error('invalid ciphertext size (must be multiple of 16 bytes)');
+             }
 
-               var hoveredImageKey = hovered && hovered.key;
-               var hoveredSequenceKey = this.getSequenceKeyForImage(hovered);
-               var hoveredSequence = hoveredSequenceKey && _oscCache.sequences[hoveredSequenceKey];
-               var hoveredImageKeys = (hoveredSequence && hoveredSequence.images.map(function (d) { return d.key; })) || [];
+             var plaintext = createArray(ciphertext.length);
+             var block = createArray(16);
 
-               var viewer = context.container().select('.photoviewer');
-               var selected = viewer.empty() ? undefined : viewer.datum();
-               var selectedImageKey = selected && selected.key;
-               var selectedSequenceKey = this.getSequenceKeyForImage(selected);
-               var selectedSequence = selectedSequenceKey && _oscCache.sequences[selectedSequenceKey];
-               var selectedImageKeys = (selectedSequence && selectedSequence.images.map(function (d) { return d.key; })) || [];
-
-               // highlight sibling viewfields on either the selected or the hovered sequences
-               var highlightedImageKeys = utilArrayUnion(hoveredImageKeys, selectedImageKeys);
-
-               context.container().selectAll('.layer-openstreetcam .viewfield-group')
-                   .classed('highlighted', function(d) { return highlightedImageKeys.indexOf(d.key) !== -1; })
-                   .classed('hovered', function(d) { return d.key === hoveredImageKey; })
-                   .classed('currentView', function(d) { return d.key === selectedImageKey; });
-
-               context.container().selectAll('.layer-openstreetcam .sequence')
-                   .classed('highlighted', function(d) { return d.properties.key === hoveredSequenceKey; })
-                   .classed('currentView', function(d) { return d.properties.key === selectedSequenceKey; });
-
-               // update viewfields if needed
-               context.container().selectAll('.viewfield-group .viewfield')
-                   .attr('d', viewfieldPath);
-
-               function viewfieldPath() {
-                   var d = this.parentNode.__data__;
-                   if (d.pano && d.key !== selectedImageKey) {
-                       return 'M 8,13 m -10,0 a 10,10 0 1,0 20,0 a 10,10 0 1,0 -20,0';
-                   } else {
-                       return 'M 6,9 C 8,8.4 8,8.4 10,9 L 16,-2 C 12,-5 4,-5 0,-2 z';
-                   }
-               }
+             for (var i = 0; i < ciphertext.length; i += 16) {
+               copyArray(ciphertext, block, 0, i, i + 16);
+               block = this._aes.decrypt(block);
+               copyArray(block, plaintext, i);
+             }
 
-               return this;
-           },
+             return plaintext;
+           };
+           /**
+            *  Mode Of Operation - Cipher Block Chaining (CBC)
+            */
 
 
-           cache: function() {
-               return _oscCache;
-           }
+           var ModeOfOperationCBC = function ModeOfOperationCBC(key, iv) {
+             if (!(this instanceof ModeOfOperationCBC)) {
+               throw Error('AES must be instanitated with `new`');
+             }
 
-       };
+             this.description = "Cipher Block Chaining";
+             this.name = "cbc";
 
-       /**
-        * Checks if `value` is the
-        * [language type](http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/#sec-ecmascript-language-types)
-        * of `Object`. (e.g. arrays, functions, objects, regexes, `new Number(0)`, and `new String('')`)
-        *
-        * @static
-        * @memberOf _
-        * @since 0.1.0
-        * @category Lang
-        * @param {*} value The value to check.
-        * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is an object, else `false`.
-        * @example
-        *
-        * _.isObject({});
-        * // => true
-        *
-        * _.isObject([1, 2, 3]);
-        * // => true
-        *
-        * _.isObject(_.noop);
-        * // => true
-        *
-        * _.isObject(null);
-        * // => false
-        */
-       function isObject$1(value) {
-         var type = typeof value;
-         return value != null && (type == 'object' || type == 'function');
-       }
+             if (!iv) {
+               iv = createArray(16);
+             } else if (iv.length != 16) {
+               throw new Error('invalid initialation vector size (must be 16 bytes)');
+             }
 
-       /** Detect free variable `global` from Node.js. */
-       var freeGlobal = typeof global == 'object' && global && global.Object === Object && global;
+             this._lastCipherblock = coerceArray(iv, true);
+             this._aes = new AES(key);
+           };
 
-       /** Detect free variable `self`. */
-       var freeSelf = typeof self == 'object' && self && self.Object === Object && self;
+           ModeOfOperationCBC.prototype.encrypt = function (plaintext) {
+             plaintext = coerceArray(plaintext);
 
-       /** Used as a reference to the global object. */
-       var root$2 = freeGlobal || freeSelf || Function('return this')();
+             if (plaintext.length % 16 !== 0) {
+               throw new Error('invalid plaintext size (must be multiple of 16 bytes)');
+             }
 
-       /**
-        * Gets the timestamp of the number of milliseconds that have elapsed since
-        * the Unix epoch (1 January 1970 00:00:00 UTC).
-        *
-        * @static
-        * @memberOf _
-        * @since 2.4.0
-        * @category Date
-        * @returns {number} Returns the timestamp.
-        * @example
-        *
-        * _.defer(function(stamp) {
-        *   console.log(_.now() - stamp);
-        * }, _.now());
-        * // => Logs the number of milliseconds it took for the deferred invocation.
-        */
-       var now$1 = function() {
-         return root$2.Date.now();
-       };
+             var ciphertext = createArray(plaintext.length);
+             var block = createArray(16);
 
-       /** Built-in value references. */
-       var Symbol$1 = root$2.Symbol;
+             for (var i = 0; i < plaintext.length; i += 16) {
+               copyArray(plaintext, block, 0, i, i + 16);
 
-       /** Used for built-in method references. */
-       var objectProto = Object.prototype;
+               for (var j = 0; j < 16; j++) {
+                 block[j] ^= this._lastCipherblock[j];
+               }
 
-       /** Used to check objects for own properties. */
-       var hasOwnProperty$2 = objectProto.hasOwnProperty;
+               this._lastCipherblock = this._aes.encrypt(block);
+               copyArray(this._lastCipherblock, ciphertext, i);
+             }
 
-       /**
-        * Used to resolve the
-        * [`toStringTag`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/#sec-object.prototype.tostring)
-        * of values.
-        */
-       var nativeObjectToString = objectProto.toString;
+             return ciphertext;
+           };
 
-       /** Built-in value references. */
-       var symToStringTag = Symbol$1 ? Symbol$1.toStringTag : undefined;
+           ModeOfOperationCBC.prototype.decrypt = function (ciphertext) {
+             ciphertext = coerceArray(ciphertext);
 
-       /**
-        * A specialized version of `baseGetTag` which ignores `Symbol.toStringTag` values.
-        *
-        * @private
-        * @param {*} value The value to query.
-        * @returns {string} Returns the raw `toStringTag`.
-        */
-       function getRawTag(value) {
-         var isOwn = hasOwnProperty$2.call(value, symToStringTag),
-             tag = value[symToStringTag];
+             if (ciphertext.length % 16 !== 0) {
+               throw new Error('invalid ciphertext size (must be multiple of 16 bytes)');
+             }
 
-         try {
-           value[symToStringTag] = undefined;
-           var unmasked = true;
-         } catch (e) {}
+             var plaintext = createArray(ciphertext.length);
+             var block = createArray(16);
 
-         var result = nativeObjectToString.call(value);
-         if (unmasked) {
-           if (isOwn) {
-             value[symToStringTag] = tag;
-           } else {
-             delete value[symToStringTag];
-           }
-         }
-         return result;
-       }
+             for (var i = 0; i < ciphertext.length; i += 16) {
+               copyArray(ciphertext, block, 0, i, i + 16);
+               block = this._aes.decrypt(block);
 
-       /** Used for built-in method references. */
-       var objectProto$1 = Object.prototype;
+               for (var j = 0; j < 16; j++) {
+                 plaintext[i + j] = block[j] ^ this._lastCipherblock[j];
+               }
 
-       /**
-        * Used to resolve the
-        * [`toStringTag`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/#sec-object.prototype.tostring)
-        * of values.
-        */
-       var nativeObjectToString$1 = objectProto$1.toString;
+               copyArray(ciphertext, this._lastCipherblock, 0, i, i + 16);
+             }
 
-       /**
-        * Converts `value` to a string using `Object.prototype.toString`.
-        *
-        * @private
-        * @param {*} value The value to convert.
-        * @returns {string} Returns the converted string.
-        */
-       function objectToString$2(value) {
-         return nativeObjectToString$1.call(value);
-       }
+             return plaintext;
+           };
+           /**
+            *  Mode Of Operation - Cipher Feedback (CFB)
+            */
 
-       /** `Object#toString` result references. */
-       var nullTag = '[object Null]',
-           undefinedTag = '[object Undefined]';
 
-       /** Built-in value references. */
-       var symToStringTag$1 = Symbol$1 ? Symbol$1.toStringTag : undefined;
+           var ModeOfOperationCFB = function ModeOfOperationCFB(key, iv, segmentSize) {
+             if (!(this instanceof ModeOfOperationCFB)) {
+               throw Error('AES must be instanitated with `new`');
+             }
 
-       /**
-        * The base implementation of `getTag` without fallbacks for buggy environments.
-        *
-        * @private
-        * @param {*} value The value to query.
-        * @returns {string} Returns the `toStringTag`.
-        */
-       function baseGetTag(value) {
-         if (value == null) {
-           return value === undefined ? undefinedTag : nullTag;
-         }
-         return (symToStringTag$1 && symToStringTag$1 in Object(value))
-           ? getRawTag(value)
-           : objectToString$2(value);
-       }
+             this.description = "Cipher Feedback";
+             this.name = "cfb";
 
-       /**
-        * Checks if `value` is object-like. A value is object-like if it's not `null`
-        * and has a `typeof` result of "object".
-        *
-        * @static
-        * @memberOf _
-        * @since 4.0.0
-        * @category Lang
-        * @param {*} value The value to check.
-        * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is object-like, else `false`.
-        * @example
-        *
-        * _.isObjectLike({});
-        * // => true
-        *
-        * _.isObjectLike([1, 2, 3]);
-        * // => true
-        *
-        * _.isObjectLike(_.noop);
-        * // => false
-        *
-        * _.isObjectLike(null);
-        * // => false
-        */
-       function isObjectLike(value) {
-         return value != null && typeof value == 'object';
-       }
+             if (!iv) {
+               iv = createArray(16);
+             } else if (iv.length != 16) {
+               throw new Error('invalid initialation vector size (must be 16 size)');
+             }
 
-       /** `Object#toString` result references. */
-       var symbolTag = '[object Symbol]';
+             if (!segmentSize) {
+               segmentSize = 1;
+             }
 
-       /**
-        * Checks if `value` is classified as a `Symbol` primitive or object.
-        *
-        * @static
-        * @memberOf _
-        * @since 4.0.0
-        * @category Lang
-        * @param {*} value The value to check.
-        * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a symbol, else `false`.
-        * @example
-        *
-        * _.isSymbol(Symbol.iterator);
-        * // => true
-        *
-        * _.isSymbol('abc');
-        * // => false
-        */
-       function isSymbol$4(value) {
-         return typeof value == 'symbol' ||
-           (isObjectLike(value) && baseGetTag(value) == symbolTag);
-       }
+             this.segmentSize = segmentSize;
+             this._shiftRegister = coerceArray(iv, true);
+             this._aes = new AES(key);
+           };
 
-       /** Used as references for various `Number` constants. */
-       var NAN = 0 / 0;
+           ModeOfOperationCFB.prototype.encrypt = function (plaintext) {
+             if (plaintext.length % this.segmentSize != 0) {
+               throw new Error('invalid plaintext size (must be segmentSize bytes)');
+             }
 
-       /** Used to match leading and trailing whitespace. */
-       var reTrim = /^\s+|\s+$/g;
+             var encrypted = coerceArray(plaintext, true);
+             var xorSegment;
+
+             for (var i = 0; i < encrypted.length; i += this.segmentSize) {
+               xorSegment = this._aes.encrypt(this._shiftRegister);
+
+               for (var j = 0; j < this.segmentSize; j++) {
+                 encrypted[i + j] ^= xorSegment[j];
+               } // Shift the register
 
-       /** Used to detect bad signed hexadecimal string values. */
-       var reIsBadHex = /^[-+]0x[0-9a-f]+$/i;
 
-       /** Used to detect binary string values. */
-       var reIsBinary = /^0b[01]+$/i;
+               copyArray(this._shiftRegister, this._shiftRegister, 0, this.segmentSize);
+               copyArray(encrypted, this._shiftRegister, 16 - this.segmentSize, i, i + this.segmentSize);
+             }
 
-       /** Used to detect octal string values. */
-       var reIsOctal = /^0o[0-7]+$/i;
+             return encrypted;
+           };
 
-       /** Built-in method references without a dependency on `root`. */
-       var freeParseInt = parseInt;
+           ModeOfOperationCFB.prototype.decrypt = function (ciphertext) {
+             if (ciphertext.length % this.segmentSize != 0) {
+               throw new Error('invalid ciphertext size (must be segmentSize bytes)');
+             }
 
-       /**
-        * Converts `value` to a number.
-        *
-        * @static
-        * @memberOf _
-        * @since 4.0.0
-        * @category Lang
-        * @param {*} value The value to process.
-        * @returns {number} Returns the number.
-        * @example
-        *
-        * _.toNumber(3.2);
-        * // => 3.2
-        *
-        * _.toNumber(Number.MIN_VALUE);
-        * // => 5e-324
-        *
-        * _.toNumber(Infinity);
-        * // => Infinity
-        *
-        * _.toNumber('3.2');
-        * // => 3.2
-        */
-       function toNumber(value) {
-         if (typeof value == 'number') {
-           return value;
-         }
-         if (isSymbol$4(value)) {
-           return NAN;
-         }
-         if (isObject$1(value)) {
-           var other = typeof value.valueOf == 'function' ? value.valueOf() : value;
-           value = isObject$1(other) ? (other + '') : other;
-         }
-         if (typeof value != 'string') {
-           return value === 0 ? value : +value;
-         }
-         value = value.replace(reTrim, '');
-         var isBinary = reIsBinary.test(value);
-         return (isBinary || reIsOctal.test(value))
-           ? freeParseInt(value.slice(2), isBinary ? 2 : 8)
-           : (reIsBadHex.test(value) ? NAN : +value);
-       }
+             var plaintext = coerceArray(ciphertext, true);
+             var xorSegment;
 
-       /** Error message constants. */
-       var FUNC_ERROR_TEXT = 'Expected a function';
+             for (var i = 0; i < plaintext.length; i += this.segmentSize) {
+               xorSegment = this._aes.encrypt(this._shiftRegister);
 
-       /* Built-in method references for those with the same name as other `lodash` methods. */
-       var nativeMax = Math.max,
-           nativeMin = Math.min;
+               for (var j = 0; j < this.segmentSize; j++) {
+                 plaintext[i + j] ^= xorSegment[j];
+               } // Shift the register
 
-       /**
-        * Creates a debounced function that delays invoking `func` until after `wait`
-        * milliseconds have elapsed since the last time the debounced function was
-        * invoked. The debounced function comes with a `cancel` method to cancel
-        * delayed `func` invocations and a `flush` method to immediately invoke them.
-        * Provide `options` to indicate whether `func` should be invoked on the
-        * leading and/or trailing edge of the `wait` timeout. The `func` is invoked
-        * with the last arguments provided to the debounced function. Subsequent
-        * calls to the debounced function return the result of the last `func`
-        * invocation.
-        *
-        * **Note:** If `leading` and `trailing` options are `true`, `func` is
-        * invoked on the trailing edge of the timeout only if the debounced function
-        * is invoked more than once during the `wait` timeout.
-        *
-        * If `wait` is `0` and `leading` is `false`, `func` invocation is deferred
-        * until to the next tick, similar to `setTimeout` with a timeout of `0`.
-        *
-        * See [David Corbacho's article](https://css-tricks.com/debouncing-throttling-explained-examples/)
-        * for details over the differences between `_.debounce` and `_.throttle`.
-        *
-        * @static
-        * @memberOf _
-        * @since 0.1.0
-        * @category Function
-        * @param {Function} func The function to debounce.
-        * @param {number} [wait=0] The number of milliseconds to delay.
-        * @param {Object} [options={}] The options object.
-        * @param {boolean} [options.leading=false]
-        *  Specify invoking on the leading edge of the timeout.
-        * @param {number} [options.maxWait]
-        *  The maximum time `func` is allowed to be delayed before it's invoked.
-        * @param {boolean} [options.trailing=true]
-        *  Specify invoking on the trailing edge of the timeout.
-        * @returns {Function} Returns the new debounced function.
-        * @example
-        *
-        * // Avoid costly calculations while the window size is in flux.
-        * jQuery(window).on('resize', _.debounce(calculateLayout, 150));
-        *
-        * // Invoke `sendMail` when clicked, debouncing subsequent calls.
-        * jQuery(element).on('click', _.debounce(sendMail, 300, {
-        *   'leading': true,
-        *   'trailing': false
-        * }));
-        *
-        * // Ensure `batchLog` is invoked once after 1 second of debounced calls.
-        * var debounced = _.debounce(batchLog, 250, { 'maxWait': 1000 });
-        * var source = new EventSource('/stream');
-        * jQuery(source).on('message', debounced);
-        *
-        * // Cancel the trailing debounced invocation.
-        * jQuery(window).on('popstate', debounced.cancel);
-        */
-       function debounce(func, wait, options) {
-         var lastArgs,
-             lastThis,
-             maxWait,
-             result,
-             timerId,
-             lastCallTime,
-             lastInvokeTime = 0,
-             leading = false,
-             maxing = false,
-             trailing = true;
 
-         if (typeof func != 'function') {
-           throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
-         }
-         wait = toNumber(wait) || 0;
-         if (isObject$1(options)) {
-           leading = !!options.leading;
-           maxing = 'maxWait' in options;
-           maxWait = maxing ? nativeMax(toNumber(options.maxWait) || 0, wait) : maxWait;
-           trailing = 'trailing' in options ? !!options.trailing : trailing;
-         }
+               copyArray(this._shiftRegister, this._shiftRegister, 0, this.segmentSize);
+               copyArray(ciphertext, this._shiftRegister, 16 - this.segmentSize, i, i + this.segmentSize);
+             }
 
-         function invokeFunc(time) {
-           var args = lastArgs,
-               thisArg = lastThis;
+             return plaintext;
+           };
+           /**
+            *  Mode Of Operation - Output Feedback (OFB)
+            */
 
-           lastArgs = lastThis = undefined;
-           lastInvokeTime = time;
-           result = func.apply(thisArg, args);
-           return result;
-         }
 
-         function leadingEdge(time) {
-           // Reset any `maxWait` timer.
-           lastInvokeTime = time;
-           // Start the timer for the trailing edge.
-           timerId = setTimeout(timerExpired, wait);
-           // Invoke the leading edge.
-           return leading ? invokeFunc(time) : result;
-         }
+           var ModeOfOperationOFB = function ModeOfOperationOFB(key, iv) {
+             if (!(this instanceof ModeOfOperationOFB)) {
+               throw Error('AES must be instanitated with `new`');
+             }
 
-         function remainingWait(time) {
-           var timeSinceLastCall = time - lastCallTime,
-               timeSinceLastInvoke = time - lastInvokeTime,
-               timeWaiting = wait - timeSinceLastCall;
+             this.description = "Output Feedback";
+             this.name = "ofb";
 
-           return maxing
-             ? nativeMin(timeWaiting, maxWait - timeSinceLastInvoke)
-             : timeWaiting;
-         }
+             if (!iv) {
+               iv = createArray(16);
+             } else if (iv.length != 16) {
+               throw new Error('invalid initialation vector size (must be 16 bytes)');
+             }
 
-         function shouldInvoke(time) {
-           var timeSinceLastCall = time - lastCallTime,
-               timeSinceLastInvoke = time - lastInvokeTime;
+             this._lastPrecipher = coerceArray(iv, true);
+             this._lastPrecipherIndex = 16;
+             this._aes = new AES(key);
+           };
 
-           // Either this is the first call, activity has stopped and we're at the
-           // trailing edge, the system time has gone backwards and we're treating
-           // it as the trailing edge, or we've hit the `maxWait` limit.
-           return (lastCallTime === undefined || (timeSinceLastCall >= wait) ||
-             (timeSinceLastCall < 0) || (maxing && timeSinceLastInvoke >= maxWait));
-         }
+           ModeOfOperationOFB.prototype.encrypt = function (plaintext) {
+             var encrypted = coerceArray(plaintext, true);
 
-         function timerExpired() {
-           var time = now$1();
-           if (shouldInvoke(time)) {
-             return trailingEdge(time);
-           }
-           // Restart the timer.
-           timerId = setTimeout(timerExpired, remainingWait(time));
-         }
+             for (var i = 0; i < encrypted.length; i++) {
+               if (this._lastPrecipherIndex === 16) {
+                 this._lastPrecipher = this._aes.encrypt(this._lastPrecipher);
+                 this._lastPrecipherIndex = 0;
+               }
 
-         function trailingEdge(time) {
-           timerId = undefined;
+               encrypted[i] ^= this._lastPrecipher[this._lastPrecipherIndex++];
+             }
 
-           // Only invoke if we have `lastArgs` which means `func` has been
-           // debounced at least once.
-           if (trailing && lastArgs) {
-             return invokeFunc(time);
-           }
-           lastArgs = lastThis = undefined;
-           return result;
-         }
+             return encrypted;
+           }; // Decryption is symetric
 
-         function cancel() {
-           if (timerId !== undefined) {
-             clearTimeout(timerId);
-           }
-           lastInvokeTime = 0;
-           lastArgs = lastCallTime = lastThis = timerId = undefined;
-         }
 
-         function flush() {
-           return timerId === undefined ? result : trailingEdge(now$1());
-         }
+           ModeOfOperationOFB.prototype.decrypt = ModeOfOperationOFB.prototype.encrypt;
+           /**
+            *  Counter object for CTR common mode of operation
+            */
 
-         function debounced() {
-           var time = now$1(),
-               isInvoking = shouldInvoke(time);
+           var Counter = function Counter(initialValue) {
+             if (!(this instanceof Counter)) {
+               throw Error('Counter must be instanitated with `new`');
+             } // We allow 0, but anything false-ish uses the default 1
 
-           lastArgs = arguments;
-           lastThis = this;
-           lastCallTime = time;
 
-           if (isInvoking) {
-             if (timerId === undefined) {
-               return leadingEdge(lastCallTime);
+             if (initialValue !== 0 && !initialValue) {
+               initialValue = 1;
              }
-             if (maxing) {
-               // Handle invocations in a tight loop.
-               clearTimeout(timerId);
-               timerId = setTimeout(timerExpired, wait);
-               return invokeFunc(lastCallTime);
+
+             if (typeof initialValue === 'number') {
+               this._counter = createArray(16);
+               this.setValue(initialValue);
+             } else {
+               this.setBytes(initialValue);
              }
-           }
-           if (timerId === undefined) {
-             timerId = setTimeout(timerExpired, wait);
-           }
-           return result;
-         }
-         debounced.cancel = cancel;
-         debounced.flush = flush;
-         return debounced;
-       }
+           };
 
-       /** Error message constants. */
-       var FUNC_ERROR_TEXT$1 = 'Expected a function';
+           Counter.prototype.setValue = function (value) {
+             if (typeof value !== 'number' || parseInt(value) != value) {
+               throw new Error('invalid counter value (must be an integer)');
+             } // We cannot safely handle numbers beyond the safe range for integers
 
-       /**
-        * Creates a throttled function that only invokes `func` at most once per
-        * every `wait` milliseconds. The throttled function comes with a `cancel`
-        * method to cancel delayed `func` invocations and a `flush` method to
-        * immediately invoke them. Provide `options` to indicate whether `func`
-        * should be invoked on the leading and/or trailing edge of the `wait`
-        * timeout. The `func` is invoked with the last arguments provided to the
-        * throttled function. Subsequent calls to the throttled function return the
-        * result of the last `func` invocation.
-        *
-        * **Note:** If `leading` and `trailing` options are `true`, `func` is
-        * invoked on the trailing edge of the timeout only if the throttled function
-        * is invoked more than once during the `wait` timeout.
-        *
-        * If `wait` is `0` and `leading` is `false`, `func` invocation is deferred
-        * until to the next tick, similar to `setTimeout` with a timeout of `0`.
-        *
-        * See [David Corbacho's article](https://css-tricks.com/debouncing-throttling-explained-examples/)
-        * for details over the differences between `_.throttle` and `_.debounce`.
-        *
-        * @static
-        * @memberOf _
-        * @since 0.1.0
-        * @category Function
-        * @param {Function} func The function to throttle.
-        * @param {number} [wait=0] The number of milliseconds to throttle invocations to.
-        * @param {Object} [options={}] The options object.
-        * @param {boolean} [options.leading=true]
-        *  Specify invoking on the leading edge of the timeout.
-        * @param {boolean} [options.trailing=true]
-        *  Specify invoking on the trailing edge of the timeout.
-        * @returns {Function} Returns the new throttled function.
-        * @example
-        *
-        * // Avoid excessively updating the position while scrolling.
-        * jQuery(window).on('scroll', _.throttle(updatePosition, 100));
-        *
-        * // Invoke `renewToken` when the click event is fired, but not more than once every 5 minutes.
-        * var throttled = _.throttle(renewToken, 300000, { 'trailing': false });
-        * jQuery(element).on('click', throttled);
-        *
-        * // Cancel the trailing throttled invocation.
-        * jQuery(window).on('popstate', throttled.cancel);
-        */
-       function throttle(func, wait, options) {
-         var leading = true,
-             trailing = true;
 
-         if (typeof func != 'function') {
-           throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT$1);
-         }
-         if (isObject$1(options)) {
-           leading = 'leading' in options ? !!options.leading : leading;
-           trailing = 'trailing' in options ? !!options.trailing : trailing;
-         }
-         return debounce(func, wait, {
-           'leading': leading,
-           'maxWait': wait,
-           'trailing': trailing
-         });
-       }
+             if (value > Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER) {
+               throw new Error('integer value out of safe range');
+             }
 
-       var hashes = createCommonjsModule(function (module, exports) {
-       /**
-        * jshashes - https://github.com/h2non/jshashes
-        * Released under the "New BSD" license
-        *
-        * Algorithms specification:
-        *
-        * MD5 - http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1321.txt
-        * RIPEMD-160 - http://homes.esat.kuleuven.be/~bosselae/ripemd160.html
-        * SHA1   - http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips180-4/fips-180-4.pdf
-        * SHA256 - http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips180-4/fips-180-4.pdf
-        * SHA512 - http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips180-4/fips-180-4.pdf
-        * HMAC - http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2104.txt
-        */
-       (function() {
-         var Hashes;
+             for (var index = 15; index >= 0; --index) {
+               this._counter[index] = value % 256;
+               value = parseInt(value / 256);
+             }
+           };
 
-         function utf8Encode(str) {
-           var x, y, output = '',
-             i = -1,
-             l;
-
-           if (str && str.length) {
-             l = str.length;
-             while ((i += 1) < l) {
-               /* Decode utf-16 surrogate pairs */
-               x = str.charCodeAt(i);
-               y = i + 1 < l ? str.charCodeAt(i + 1) : 0;
-               if (0xD800 <= x && x <= 0xDBFF && 0xDC00 <= y && y <= 0xDFFF) {
-                 x = 0x10000 + ((x & 0x03FF) << 10) + (y & 0x03FF);
-                 i += 1;
-               }
-               /* Encode output as utf-8 */
-               if (x <= 0x7F) {
-                 output += String.fromCharCode(x);
-               } else if (x <= 0x7FF) {
-                 output += String.fromCharCode(0xC0 | ((x >>> 6) & 0x1F),
-                   0x80 | (x & 0x3F));
-               } else if (x <= 0xFFFF) {
-                 output += String.fromCharCode(0xE0 | ((x >>> 12) & 0x0F),
-                   0x80 | ((x >>> 6) & 0x3F),
-                   0x80 | (x & 0x3F));
-               } else if (x <= 0x1FFFFF) {
-                 output += String.fromCharCode(0xF0 | ((x >>> 18) & 0x07),
-                   0x80 | ((x >>> 12) & 0x3F),
-                   0x80 | ((x >>> 6) & 0x3F),
-                   0x80 | (x & 0x3F));
-               }
+           Counter.prototype.setBytes = function (bytes) {
+             bytes = coerceArray(bytes, true);
+
+             if (bytes.length != 16) {
+               throw new Error('invalid counter bytes size (must be 16 bytes)');
              }
-           }
-           return output;
-         }
 
-         function utf8Decode(str) {
-           var i, ac, c1, c2, c3, arr = [],
-             l;
-           i = ac = c1 = c2 = c3 = 0;
-
-           if (str && str.length) {
-             l = str.length;
-             str += '';
-
-             while (i < l) {
-               c1 = str.charCodeAt(i);
-               ac += 1;
-               if (c1 < 128) {
-                 arr[ac] = String.fromCharCode(c1);
-                 i += 1;
-               } else if (c1 > 191 && c1 < 224) {
-                 c2 = str.charCodeAt(i + 1);
-                 arr[ac] = String.fromCharCode(((c1 & 31) << 6) | (c2 & 63));
-                 i += 2;
+             this._counter = bytes;
+           };
+
+           Counter.prototype.increment = function () {
+             for (var i = 15; i >= 0; i--) {
+               if (this._counter[i] === 255) {
+                 this._counter[i] = 0;
                } else {
-                 c2 = str.charCodeAt(i + 1);
-                 c3 = str.charCodeAt(i + 2);
-                 arr[ac] = String.fromCharCode(((c1 & 15) << 12) | ((c2 & 63) << 6) | (c3 & 63));
-                 i += 3;
+                 this._counter[i]++;
+                 break;
                }
              }
-           }
-           return arr.join('');
-         }
+           };
+           /**
+            *  Mode Of Operation - Counter (CTR)
+            */
 
-         /**
-          * Add integers, wrapping at 2^32. This uses 16-bit operations internally
-          * to work around bugs in some JS interpreters.
-          */
 
-         function safe_add(x, y) {
-           var lsw = (x & 0xFFFF) + (y & 0xFFFF),
-             msw = (x >> 16) + (y >> 16) + (lsw >> 16);
-           return (msw << 16) | (lsw & 0xFFFF);
-         }
+           var ModeOfOperationCTR = function ModeOfOperationCTR(key, counter) {
+             if (!(this instanceof ModeOfOperationCTR)) {
+               throw Error('AES must be instanitated with `new`');
+             }
 
-         /**
-          * Bitwise rotate a 32-bit number to the left.
-          */
+             this.description = "Counter";
+             this.name = "ctr";
 
-         function bit_rol(num, cnt) {
-           return (num << cnt) | (num >>> (32 - cnt));
-         }
+             if (!(counter instanceof Counter)) {
+               counter = new Counter(counter);
+             }
 
-         /**
-          * Convert a raw string to a hex string
-          */
+             this._counter = counter;
+             this._remainingCounter = null;
+             this._remainingCounterIndex = 16;
+             this._aes = new AES(key);
+           };
 
-         function rstr2hex(input, hexcase) {
-           var hex_tab = hexcase ? '0123456789ABCDEF' : '0123456789abcdef',
-             output = '',
-             x, i = 0,
-             l = input.length;
-           for (; i < l; i += 1) {
-             x = input.charCodeAt(i);
-             output += hex_tab.charAt((x >>> 4) & 0x0F) + hex_tab.charAt(x & 0x0F);
-           }
-           return output;
-         }
+           ModeOfOperationCTR.prototype.encrypt = function (plaintext) {
+             var encrypted = coerceArray(plaintext, true);
 
-         /**
-          * Convert an array of big-endian words to a string
-          */
+             for (var i = 0; i < encrypted.length; i++) {
+               if (this._remainingCounterIndex === 16) {
+                 this._remainingCounter = this._aes.encrypt(this._counter._counter);
+                 this._remainingCounterIndex = 0;
 
-         function binb2rstr(input) {
-           var i, l = input.length * 32,
-             output = '';
-           for (i = 0; i < l; i += 8) {
-             output += String.fromCharCode((input[i >> 5] >>> (24 - i % 32)) & 0xFF);
-           }
-           return output;
-         }
+                 this._counter.increment();
+               }
 
-         /**
-          * Convert an array of little-endian words to a string
-          */
+               encrypted[i] ^= this._remainingCounter[this._remainingCounterIndex++];
+             }
 
-         function binl2rstr(input) {
-           var i, l = input.length * 32,
-             output = '';
-           for (i = 0; i < l; i += 8) {
-             output += String.fromCharCode((input[i >> 5] >>> (i % 32)) & 0xFF);
-           }
-           return output;
-         }
+             return encrypted;
+           }; // Decryption is symetric
 
-         /**
-          * Convert a raw string to an array of little-endian words
-          * Characters >255 have their high-byte silently ignored.
-          */
 
-         function rstr2binl(input) {
-           var i, l = input.length * 8,
-             output = Array(input.length >> 2),
-             lo = output.length;
-           for (i = 0; i < lo; i += 1) {
-             output[i] = 0;
-           }
-           for (i = 0; i < l; i += 8) {
-             output[i >> 5] |= (input.charCodeAt(i / 8) & 0xFF) << (i % 32);
-           }
-           return output;
-         }
+           ModeOfOperationCTR.prototype.decrypt = ModeOfOperationCTR.prototype.encrypt; ///////////////////////
+           // Padding
+           // See:https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2315
 
-         /**
-          * Convert a raw string to an array of big-endian words
-          * Characters >255 have their high-byte silently ignored.
-          */
+           function pkcs7pad(data) {
+             data = coerceArray(data, true);
+             var padder = 16 - data.length % 16;
+             var result = createArray(data.length + padder);
+             copyArray(data, result);
 
-         function rstr2binb(input) {
-           var i, l = input.length * 8,
-             output = Array(input.length >> 2),
-             lo = output.length;
-           for (i = 0; i < lo; i += 1) {
-             output[i] = 0;
-           }
-           for (i = 0; i < l; i += 8) {
-             output[i >> 5] |= (input.charCodeAt(i / 8) & 0xFF) << (24 - i % 32);
+             for (var i = data.length; i < result.length; i++) {
+               result[i] = padder;
+             }
+
+             return result;
            }
-           return output;
-         }
 
-         /**
-          * Convert a raw string to an arbitrary string encoding
-          */
+           function pkcs7strip(data) {
+             data = coerceArray(data, true);
 
-         function rstr2any(input, encoding) {
-           var divisor = encoding.length,
-             remainders = Array(),
-             i, q, x, ld, quotient, dividend, output, full_length;
+             if (data.length < 16) {
+               throw new Error('PKCS#7 invalid length');
+             }
 
-           /* Convert to an array of 16-bit big-endian values, forming the dividend */
-           dividend = Array(Math.ceil(input.length / 2));
-           ld = dividend.length;
-           for (i = 0; i < ld; i += 1) {
-             dividend[i] = (input.charCodeAt(i * 2) << 8) | input.charCodeAt(i * 2 + 1);
-           }
+             var padder = data[data.length - 1];
 
-           /**
-            * Repeatedly perform a long division. The binary array forms the dividend,
-            * the length of the encoding is the divisor. Once computed, the quotient
-            * forms the dividend for the next step. We stop when the dividend is zerHashes.
-            * All remainders are stored for later use.
-            */
-           while (dividend.length > 0) {
-             quotient = Array();
-             x = 0;
-             for (i = 0; i < dividend.length; i += 1) {
-               x = (x << 16) + dividend[i];
-               q = Math.floor(x / divisor);
-               x -= q * divisor;
-               if (quotient.length > 0 || q > 0) {
-                 quotient[quotient.length] = q;
+             if (padder > 16) {
+               throw new Error('PKCS#7 padding byte out of range');
+             }
+
+             var length = data.length - padder;
+
+             for (var i = 0; i < padder; i++) {
+               if (data[length + i] !== padder) {
+                 throw new Error('PKCS#7 invalid padding byte');
                }
              }
-             remainders[remainders.length] = x;
-             dividend = quotient;
-           }
 
-           /* Convert the remainders to the output string */
-           output = '';
-           for (i = remainders.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-             output += encoding.charAt(remainders[i]);
+             var result = createArray(length);
+             copyArray(data, result, 0, 0, length);
+             return result;
+           } ///////////////////////
+           // Exporting
+           // The block cipher
+
+
+           var aesjs = {
+             AES: AES,
+             Counter: Counter,
+             ModeOfOperation: {
+               ecb: ModeOfOperationECB,
+               cbc: ModeOfOperationCBC,
+               cfb: ModeOfOperationCFB,
+               ofb: ModeOfOperationOFB,
+               ctr: ModeOfOperationCTR
+             },
+             utils: {
+               hex: convertHex,
+               utf8: convertUtf8
+             },
+             padding: {
+               pkcs7: {
+                 pad: pkcs7pad,
+                 strip: pkcs7strip
+               }
+             },
+             _arrayTest: {
+               coerceArray: coerceArray,
+               createArray: createArray,
+               copyArray: copyArray
+             }
+           }; // node.js
+
+           {
+             module.exports = aesjs; // RequireJS/AMD
+             // http://www.requirejs.org/docs/api.html
+             // https://github.com/amdjs/amdjs-api/wiki/AMD
            }
+         })();
+       });
+
+       // We can use keys that are 128 bits (16 bytes), 192 bits (24 bytes) or 256 bits (32 bytes).
+       // To generate a random key:  window.crypto.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(16));
+       // This default signing key is built into iD and can be used to mask/unmask sensitive values.
 
-           /* Append leading zero equivalents */
-           full_length = Math.ceil(input.length * 8 / (Math.log(encoding.length) / Math.log(2)));
-           for (i = output.length; i < full_length; i += 1) {
-             output = encoding[0] + output;
+       var DEFAULT_128 = [250, 157, 60, 79, 142, 134, 229, 129, 138, 126, 210, 129, 29, 71, 160, 208];
+       function utilAesEncrypt(text, key) {
+         key = key || DEFAULT_128;
+         var textBytes = aesJs.utils.utf8.toBytes(text);
+         var aesCtr = new aesJs.ModeOfOperation.ctr(key);
+         var encryptedBytes = aesCtr.encrypt(textBytes);
+         var encryptedHex = aesJs.utils.hex.fromBytes(encryptedBytes);
+         return encryptedHex;
+       }
+       function utilAesDecrypt(encryptedHex, key) {
+         key = key || DEFAULT_128;
+         var encryptedBytes = aesJs.utils.hex.toBytes(encryptedHex);
+         var aesCtr = new aesJs.ModeOfOperation.ctr(key);
+         var decryptedBytes = aesCtr.decrypt(encryptedBytes);
+         var text = aesJs.utils.utf8.fromBytes(decryptedBytes);
+         return text;
+       }
+
+       function utilCleanTags(tags) {
+         var out = {};
+
+         for (var k in tags) {
+           if (!k) continue;
+           var v = tags[k];
+
+           if (v !== undefined) {
+             out[k] = cleanValue(k, v);
            }
-           return output;
          }
 
-         /**
-          * Convert a raw string to a base-64 string
-          */
+         return out;
 
-         function rstr2b64(input, b64pad) {
-           var tab = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/',
-             output = '',
-             len = input.length,
-             i, j, triplet;
-           b64pad = b64pad || '=';
-           for (i = 0; i < len; i += 3) {
-             triplet = (input.charCodeAt(i) << 16) | (i + 1 < len ? input.charCodeAt(i + 1) << 8 : 0) | (i + 2 < len ? input.charCodeAt(i + 2) : 0);
-             for (j = 0; j < 4; j += 1) {
-               if (i * 8 + j * 6 > input.length * 8) {
-                 output += b64pad;
-               } else {
-                 output += tab.charAt((triplet >>> 6 * (3 - j)) & 0x3F);
-               }
-             }
+         function cleanValue(k, v) {
+           function keepSpaces(k) {
+             return /_hours|_times|:conditional$/.test(k);
            }
-           return output;
+
+           function skip(k) {
+             return /^(description|note|fixme)$/.test(k);
+           }
+
+           if (skip(k)) return v;
+           var cleaned = v.split(';').map(function (s) {
+             return s.trim();
+           }).join(keepSpaces(k) ? '; ' : ';'); // The code below is not intended to validate websites and emails.
+           // It is only intended to prevent obvious copy-paste errors. (#2323)
+           // clean website- and email-like tags
+
+           if (k.indexOf('website') !== -1 || k.indexOf('email') !== -1 || cleaned.indexOf('http') === 0) {
+             cleaned = cleaned.replace(/[\u200B-\u200F\uFEFF]/g, ''); // strip LRM and other zero width chars
+           }
+
+           return cleaned;
          }
+       }
 
-         Hashes = {
-           /**
-            * @property {String} version
-            * @readonly
-            */
-           VERSION: '1.0.6',
-           /**
-            * @member Hashes
-            * @class Base64
-            * @constructor
-            */
-           Base64: function() {
-             // private properties
-             var tab = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/',
-               pad = '=', // default pad according with the RFC standard
-               utf8 = true; // by default enable UTF-8 support encoding
+       var _detected;
 
-             // public method for encoding
-             this.encode = function(input) {
-               var i, j, triplet,
-                 output = '',
-                 len = input.length;
+       function utilDetect(refresh) {
+         if (_detected && !refresh) return _detected;
+         _detected = {};
+         var ua = navigator.userAgent;
+         var m = null;
+         /* Browser */
 
-               pad = pad || '=';
-               input = (utf8) ? utf8Encode(input) : input;
+         m = ua.match(/(edge)\/?\s*(\.?\d+(\.\d+)*)/i); // Edge
 
-               for (i = 0; i < len; i += 3) {
-                 triplet = (input.charCodeAt(i) << 16) | (i + 1 < len ? input.charCodeAt(i + 1) << 8 : 0) | (i + 2 < len ? input.charCodeAt(i + 2) : 0);
-                 for (j = 0; j < 4; j += 1) {
-                   if (i * 8 + j * 6 > len * 8) {
-                     output += pad;
-                   } else {
-                     output += tab.charAt((triplet >>> 6 * (3 - j)) & 0x3F);
-                   }
-                 }
-               }
-               return output;
-             };
+         if (m !== null) {
+           _detected.browser = m[1];
+           _detected.version = m[2];
+         }
 
-             // public method for decoding
-             this.decode = function(input) {
-               // var b64 = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/=';
-               var i, o1, o2, o3, h1, h2, h3, h4, bits, ac,
-                 dec = '',
-                 arr = [];
-               if (!input) {
-                 return input;
-               }
+         if (!_detected.browser) {
+           m = ua.match(/Trident\/.*rv:([0-9]{1,}[\.0-9]{0,})/i); // IE11
 
-               i = ac = 0;
-               input = input.replace(new RegExp('\\' + pad, 'gi'), ''); // use '='
-               //input += '';
+           if (m !== null) {
+             _detected.browser = 'msie';
+             _detected.version = m[1];
+           }
+         }
 
-               do { // unpack four hexets into three octets using index points in b64
-                 h1 = tab.indexOf(input.charAt(i += 1));
-                 h2 = tab.indexOf(input.charAt(i += 1));
-                 h3 = tab.indexOf(input.charAt(i += 1));
-                 h4 = tab.indexOf(input.charAt(i += 1));
+         if (!_detected.browser) {
+           m = ua.match(/(opr)\/?\s*(\.?\d+(\.\d+)*)/i); // Opera 15+
 
-                 bits = h1 << 18 | h2 << 12 | h3 << 6 | h4;
+           if (m !== null) {
+             _detected.browser = 'Opera';
+             _detected.version = m[2];
+           }
+         }
 
-                 o1 = bits >> 16 & 0xff;
-                 o2 = bits >> 8 & 0xff;
-                 o3 = bits & 0xff;
-                 ac += 1;
+         if (!_detected.browser) {
+           m = ua.match(/(opera|chrome|safari|firefox|msie)\/?\s*(\.?\d+(\.\d+)*)/i);
 
-                 if (h3 === 64) {
-                   arr[ac] = String.fromCharCode(o1);
-                 } else if (h4 === 64) {
-                   arr[ac] = String.fromCharCode(o1, o2);
-                 } else {
-                   arr[ac] = String.fromCharCode(o1, o2, o3);
-                 }
-               } while (i < input.length);
+           if (m !== null) {
+             _detected.browser = m[1];
+             _detected.version = m[2];
+             m = ua.match(/version\/([\.\d]+)/i);
+             if (m !== null) _detected.version = m[1];
+           }
+         }
 
-               dec = arr.join('');
-               dec = (utf8) ? utf8Decode(dec) : dec;
+         if (!_detected.browser) {
+           _detected.browser = navigator.appName;
+           _detected.version = navigator.appVersion;
+         } // keep major.minor version only..
 
-               return dec;
-             };
 
-             // set custom pad string
-             this.setPad = function(str) {
-               pad = str || pad;
-               return this;
-             };
-             // set custom tab string characters
-             this.setTab = function(str) {
-               tab = str || tab;
-               return this;
-             };
-             this.setUTF8 = function(bool) {
-               if (typeof bool === 'boolean') {
-                 utf8 = bool;
-               }
-               return this;
-             };
-           },
+         _detected.version = _detected.version.split(/\W/).slice(0, 2).join('.'); // detect other browser capabilities
+         // Legacy Opera has incomplete svg style support. See #715
 
-           /**
-            * CRC-32 calculation
-            * @member Hashes
-            * @method CRC32
-            * @static
-            * @param {String} str Input String
-            * @return {String}
-            */
-           CRC32: function(str) {
-             var crc = 0,
-               x = 0,
-               y = 0,
-               table, i, iTop;
-             str = utf8Encode(str);
-
-             table = [
-               '00000000 77073096 EE0E612C 990951BA 076DC419 706AF48F E963A535 9E6495A3 0EDB8832 ',
-               '79DCB8A4 E0D5E91E 97D2D988 09B64C2B 7EB17CBD E7B82D07 90BF1D91 1DB71064 6AB020F2 F3B97148 ',
-               '84BE41DE 1ADAD47D 6DDDE4EB F4D4B551 83D385C7 136C9856 646BA8C0 FD62F97A 8A65C9EC 14015C4F ',
-               '63066CD9 FA0F3D63 8D080DF5 3B6E20C8 4C69105E D56041E4 A2677172 3C03E4D1 4B04D447 D20D85FD ',
-               'A50AB56B 35B5A8FA 42B2986C DBBBC9D6 ACBCF940 32D86CE3 45DF5C75 DCD60DCF ABD13D59 26D930AC ',
-               '51DE003A C8D75180 BFD06116 21B4F4B5 56B3C423 CFBA9599 B8BDA50F 2802B89E 5F058808 C60CD9B2 ',
-               'B10BE924 2F6F7C87 58684C11 C1611DAB B6662D3D 76DC4190 01DB7106 98D220BC EFD5102A 71B18589 ',
-               '06B6B51F 9FBFE4A5 E8B8D433 7807C9A2 0F00F934 9609A88E E10E9818 7F6A0DBB 086D3D2D 91646C97 ',
-               'E6635C01 6B6B51F4 1C6C6162 856530D8 F262004E 6C0695ED 1B01A57B 8208F4C1 F50FC457 65B0D9C6 ',
-               '12B7E950 8BBEB8EA FCB9887C 62DD1DDF 15DA2D49 8CD37CF3 FBD44C65 4DB26158 3AB551CE A3BC0074 ',
-               'D4BB30E2 4ADFA541 3DD895D7 A4D1C46D D3D6F4FB 4369E96A 346ED9FC AD678846 DA60B8D0 44042D73 ',
-               '33031DE5 AA0A4C5F DD0D7CC9 5005713C 270241AA BE0B1010 C90C2086 5768B525 206F85B3 B966D409 ',
-               'CE61E49F 5EDEF90E 29D9C998 B0D09822 C7D7A8B4 59B33D17 2EB40D81 B7BD5C3B C0BA6CAD EDB88320 ',
-               '9ABFB3B6 03B6E20C 74B1D29A EAD54739 9DD277AF 04DB2615 73DC1683 E3630B12 94643B84 0D6D6A3E ',
-               '7A6A5AA8 E40ECF0B 9309FF9D 0A00AE27 7D079EB1 F00F9344 8708A3D2 1E01F268 6906C2FE F762575D ',
-               '806567CB 196C3671 6E6B06E7 FED41B76 89D32BE0 10DA7A5A 67DD4ACC F9B9DF6F 8EBEEFF9 17B7BE43 ',
-               '60B08ED5 D6D6A3E8 A1D1937E 38D8C2C4 4FDFF252 D1BB67F1 A6BC5767 3FB506DD 48B2364B D80D2BDA ',
-               'AF0A1B4C 36034AF6 41047A60 DF60EFC3 A867DF55 316E8EEF 4669BE79 CB61B38C BC66831A 256FD2A0 ',
-               '5268E236 CC0C7795 BB0B4703 220216B9 5505262F C5BA3BBE B2BD0B28 2BB45A92 5CB36A04 C2D7FFA7 ',
-               'B5D0CF31 2CD99E8B 5BDEAE1D 9B64C2B0 EC63F226 756AA39C 026D930A 9C0906A9 EB0E363F 72076785 ',
-               '05005713 95BF4A82 E2B87A14 7BB12BAE 0CB61B38 92D28E9B E5D5BE0D 7CDCEFB7 0BDBDF21 86D3D2D4 ',
-               'F1D4E242 68DDB3F8 1FDA836E 81BE16CD F6B9265B 6FB077E1 18B74777 88085AE6 FF0F6A70 66063BCA ',
-               '11010B5C 8F659EFF F862AE69 616BFFD3 166CCF45 A00AE278 D70DD2EE 4E048354 3903B3C2 A7672661 ',
-               'D06016F7 4969474D 3E6E77DB AED16A4A D9D65ADC 40DF0B66 37D83BF0 A9BCAE53 DEBB9EC5 47B2CF7F ',
-               '30B5FFE9 BDBDF21C CABAC28A 53B39330 24B4A3A6 BAD03605 CDD70693 54DE5729 23D967BF B3667A2E ',
-               'C4614AB8 5D681B02 2A6F2B94 B40BBE37 C30C8EA1 5A05DF1B 2D02EF8D'
-             ].join('');
-
-             crc = crc ^ (-1);
-             for (i = 0, iTop = str.length; i < iTop; i += 1) {
-               y = (crc ^ str.charCodeAt(i)) & 0xFF;
-               x = '0x' + table.substr(y * 9, 8);
-               crc = (crc >>> 8) ^ x;
-             }
-             // always return a positive number (that's what >>> 0 does)
-             return (crc ^ (-1)) >>> 0;
-           },
-           /**
-            * @member Hashes
-            * @class MD5
-            * @constructor
-            * @param {Object} [config]
-            *
-            * A JavaScript implementation of the RSA Data Security, Inc. MD5 Message
-            * Digest Algorithm, as defined in RFC 1321.
-            * Version 2.2 Copyright (C) Paul Johnston 1999 - 2009
-            * Other contributors: Greg Holt, Andrew Kepert, Ydnar, Lostinet
-            * See <http://pajhome.org.uk/crypt/md5> for more infHashes.
-            */
-           MD5: function(options) {
-             /**
-              * Private config properties. You may need to tweak these to be compatible with
-              * the server-side, but the defaults work in most cases.
-              * See {@link Hashes.MD5#method-setUpperCase} and {@link Hashes.SHA1#method-setUpperCase}
-              */
-             var hexcase = (options && typeof options.uppercase === 'boolean') ? options.uppercase : false, // hexadecimal output case format. false - lowercase; true - uppercase
-               b64pad = (options && typeof options.pad === 'string') ? options.pad : '=', // base-64 pad character. Defaults to '=' for strict RFC compliance
-               utf8 = (options && typeof options.utf8 === 'boolean') ? options.utf8 : true; // enable/disable utf8 encoding
+         _detected.opera = _detected.browser.toLowerCase() === 'opera' && parseFloat(_detected.version) < 15;
 
-             // privileged (public) methods
-             this.hex = function(s) {
-               return rstr2hex(rstr(s), hexcase);
-             };
-             this.b64 = function(s) {
-               return rstr2b64(rstr(s), b64pad);
-             };
-             this.any = function(s, e) {
-               return rstr2any(rstr(s), e);
-             };
-             this.raw = function(s) {
-               return rstr(s);
-             };
-             this.hex_hmac = function(k, d) {
-               return rstr2hex(rstr_hmac(k, d), hexcase);
-             };
-             this.b64_hmac = function(k, d) {
-               return rstr2b64(rstr_hmac(k, d), b64pad);
-             };
-             this.any_hmac = function(k, d, e) {
-               return rstr2any(rstr_hmac(k, d), e);
-             };
-             /**
-              * Perform a simple self-test to see if the VM is working
-              * @return {String} Hexadecimal hash sample
-              */
-             this.vm_test = function() {
-               return hex('abc').toLowerCase() === '900150983cd24fb0d6963f7d28e17f72';
-             };
-             /**
-              * Enable/disable uppercase hexadecimal returned string
-              * @param {Boolean}
-              * @return {Object} this
-              */
-             this.setUpperCase = function(a) {
-               if (typeof a === 'boolean') {
-                 hexcase = a;
-               }
-               return this;
-             };
-             /**
-              * Defines a base64 pad string
-              * @param {String} Pad
-              * @return {Object} this
-              */
-             this.setPad = function(a) {
-               b64pad = a || b64pad;
-               return this;
-             };
-             /**
-              * Defines a base64 pad string
-              * @param {Boolean}
-              * @return {Object} [this]
-              */
-             this.setUTF8 = function(a) {
-               if (typeof a === 'boolean') {
-                 utf8 = a;
-               }
-               return this;
-             };
+         if (_detected.browser.toLowerCase() === 'msie') {
+           _detected.ie = true;
+           _detected.browser = 'Internet Explorer';
+           _detected.support = parseFloat(_detected.version) >= 11;
+         } else {
+           _detected.ie = false;
+           _detected.support = true;
+         }
 
-             // private methods
+         _detected.filedrop = window.FileReader && 'ondrop' in window;
+         _detected.download = !(_detected.ie || _detected.browser.toLowerCase() === 'edge');
+         _detected.cssfilters = !(_detected.ie || _detected.browser.toLowerCase() === 'edge');
+         /* Platform */
 
-             /**
-              * Calculate the MD5 of a raw string
-              */
+         if (/Win/.test(ua)) {
+           _detected.os = 'win';
+           _detected.platform = 'Windows';
+         } else if (/Mac/.test(ua)) {
+           _detected.os = 'mac';
+           _detected.platform = 'Macintosh';
+         } else if (/X11/.test(ua) || /Linux/.test(ua)) {
+           _detected.os = 'linux';
+           _detected.platform = 'Linux';
+         } else {
+           _detected.os = 'win';
+           _detected.platform = 'Unknown';
+         }
 
-             function rstr(s) {
-               s = (utf8) ? utf8Encode(s) : s;
-               return binl2rstr(binl(rstr2binl(s), s.length * 8));
-             }
+         _detected.isMobileWebKit = (/\b(iPad|iPhone|iPod)\b/.test(ua) || // HACK: iPadOS 13+ requests desktop sites by default by using a Mac user agent,
+         // so assume any "mac" with multitouch is actually iOS
+         navigator.platform === 'MacIntel' && 'maxTouchPoints' in navigator && navigator.maxTouchPoints > 1) && /WebKit/.test(ua) && !/Edge/.test(ua) && !window.MSStream;
+         /* Locale */
+         // An array of locales requested by the browser in priority order.
 
-             /**
-              * Calculate the HMAC-MD5, of a key and some data (raw strings)
-              */
+         _detected.browserLocales = Array.from(new Set( // remove duplicates
+         [navigator.language].concat(navigator.languages || []).concat([// old property for backwards compatibility
+         navigator.userLanguage]) // remove any undefined values
+         .filter(Boolean)));
+         /* Host */
 
-             function rstr_hmac(key, data) {
-               var bkey, ipad, opad, hash, i;
+         var loc = window.top.location;
+         var origin = loc.origin;
 
-               key = (utf8) ? utf8Encode(key) : key;
-               data = (utf8) ? utf8Encode(data) : data;
-               bkey = rstr2binl(key);
-               if (bkey.length > 16) {
-                 bkey = binl(bkey, key.length * 8);
-               }
+         if (!origin) {
+           // for unpatched IE11
+           origin = loc.protocol + '//' + loc.hostname + (loc.port ? ':' + loc.port : '');
+         }
 
-               ipad = Array(16), opad = Array(16);
-               for (i = 0; i < 16; i += 1) {
-                 ipad[i] = bkey[i] ^ 0x36363636;
-                 opad[i] = bkey[i] ^ 0x5C5C5C5C;
-               }
-               hash = binl(ipad.concat(rstr2binl(data)), 512 + data.length * 8);
-               return binl2rstr(binl(opad.concat(hash), 512 + 128));
-             }
+         _detected.host = origin + loc.pathname;
+         return _detected;
+       }
 
-             /**
-              * Calculate the MD5 of an array of little-endian words, and a bit length.
-              */
+       // Like selection.property('value', ...), but avoids no-op value sets,
+       // which can result in layout/repaint thrashing in some situations.
+       function utilGetSetValue(selection, value) {
+         function d3_selection_value(value) {
+           function valueNull() {
+             delete this.value;
+           }
 
-             function binl(x, len) {
-               var i, olda, oldb, oldc, oldd,
-                 a = 1732584193,
-                 b = -271733879,
-                 c = -1732584194,
-                 d = 271733878;
-
-               /* append padding */
-               x[len >> 5] |= 0x80 << ((len) % 32);
-               x[(((len + 64) >>> 9) << 4) + 14] = len;
-
-               for (i = 0; i < x.length; i += 16) {
-                 olda = a;
-                 oldb = b;
-                 oldc = c;
-                 oldd = d;
-
-                 a = md5_ff(a, b, c, d, x[i + 0], 7, -680876936);
-                 d = md5_ff(d, a, b, c, x[i + 1], 12, -389564586);
-                 c = md5_ff(c, d, a, b, x[i + 2], 17, 606105819);
-                 b = md5_ff(b, c, d, a, x[i + 3], 22, -1044525330);
-                 a = md5_ff(a, b, c, d, x[i + 4], 7, -176418897);
-                 d = md5_ff(d, a, b, c, x[i + 5], 12, 1200080426);
-                 c = md5_ff(c, d, a, b, x[i + 6], 17, -1473231341);
-                 b = md5_ff(b, c, d, a, x[i + 7], 22, -45705983);
-                 a = md5_ff(a, b, c, d, x[i + 8], 7, 1770035416);
-                 d = md5_ff(d, a, b, c, x[i + 9], 12, -1958414417);
-                 c = md5_ff(c, d, a, b, x[i + 10], 17, -42063);
-                 b = md5_ff(b, c, d, a, x[i + 11], 22, -1990404162);
-                 a = md5_ff(a, b, c, d, x[i + 12], 7, 1804603682);
-                 d = md5_ff(d, a, b, c, x[i + 13], 12, -40341101);
-                 c = md5_ff(c, d, a, b, x[i + 14], 17, -1502002290);
-                 b = md5_ff(b, c, d, a, x[i + 15], 22, 1236535329);
-
-                 a = md5_gg(a, b, c, d, x[i + 1], 5, -165796510);
-                 d = md5_gg(d, a, b, c, x[i + 6], 9, -1069501632);
-                 c = md5_gg(c, d, a, b, x[i + 11], 14, 643717713);
-                 b = md5_gg(b, c, d, a, x[i + 0], 20, -373897302);
-                 a = md5_gg(a, b, c, d, x[i + 5], 5, -701558691);
-                 d = md5_gg(d, a, b, c, x[i + 10], 9, 38016083);
-                 c = md5_gg(c, d, a, b, x[i + 15], 14, -660478335);
-                 b = md5_gg(b, c, d, a, x[i + 4], 20, -405537848);
-                 a = md5_gg(a, b, c, d, x[i + 9], 5, 568446438);
-                 d = md5_gg(d, a, b, c, x[i + 14], 9, -1019803690);
-                 c = md5_gg(c, d, a, b, x[i + 3], 14, -187363961);
-                 b = md5_gg(b, c, d, a, x[i + 8], 20, 1163531501);
-                 a = md5_gg(a, b, c, d, x[i + 13], 5, -1444681467);
-                 d = md5_gg(d, a, b, c, x[i + 2], 9, -51403784);
-                 c = md5_gg(c, d, a, b, x[i + 7], 14, 1735328473);
-                 b = md5_gg(b, c, d, a, x[i + 12], 20, -1926607734);
-
-                 a = md5_hh(a, b, c, d, x[i + 5], 4, -378558);
-                 d = md5_hh(d, a, b, c, x[i + 8], 11, -2022574463);
-                 c = md5_hh(c, d, a, b, x[i + 11], 16, 1839030562);
-                 b = md5_hh(b, c, d, a, x[i + 14], 23, -35309556);
-                 a = md5_hh(a, b, c, d, x[i + 1], 4, -1530992060);
-                 d = md5_hh(d, a, b, c, x[i + 4], 11, 1272893353);
-                 c = md5_hh(c, d, a, b, x[i + 7], 16, -155497632);
-                 b = md5_hh(b, c, d, a, x[i + 10], 23, -1094730640);
-                 a = md5_hh(a, b, c, d, x[i + 13], 4, 681279174);
-                 d = md5_hh(d, a, b, c, x[i + 0], 11, -358537222);
-                 c = md5_hh(c, d, a, b, x[i + 3], 16, -722521979);
-                 b = md5_hh(b, c, d, a, x[i + 6], 23, 76029189);
-                 a = md5_hh(a, b, c, d, x[i + 9], 4, -640364487);
-                 d = md5_hh(d, a, b, c, x[i + 12], 11, -421815835);
-                 c = md5_hh(c, d, a, b, x[i + 15], 16, 530742520);
-                 b = md5_hh(b, c, d, a, x[i + 2], 23, -995338651);
-
-                 a = md5_ii(a, b, c, d, x[i + 0], 6, -198630844);
-                 d = md5_ii(d, a, b, c, x[i + 7], 10, 1126891415);
-                 c = md5_ii(c, d, a, b, x[i + 14], 15, -1416354905);
-                 b = md5_ii(b, c, d, a, x[i + 5], 21, -57434055);
-                 a = md5_ii(a, b, c, d, x[i + 12], 6, 1700485571);
-                 d = md5_ii(d, a, b, c, x[i + 3], 10, -1894986606);
-                 c = md5_ii(c, d, a, b, x[i + 10], 15, -1051523);
-                 b = md5_ii(b, c, d, a, x[i + 1], 21, -2054922799);
-                 a = md5_ii(a, b, c, d, x[i + 8], 6, 1873313359);
-                 d = md5_ii(d, a, b, c, x[i + 15], 10, -30611744);
-                 c = md5_ii(c, d, a, b, x[i + 6], 15, -1560198380);
-                 b = md5_ii(b, c, d, a, x[i + 13], 21, 1309151649);
-                 a = md5_ii(a, b, c, d, x[i + 4], 6, -145523070);
-                 d = md5_ii(d, a, b, c, x[i + 11], 10, -1120210379);
-                 c = md5_ii(c, d, a, b, x[i + 2], 15, 718787259);
-                 b = md5_ii(b, c, d, a, x[i + 9], 21, -343485551);
-
-                 a = safe_add(a, olda);
-                 b = safe_add(b, oldb);
-                 c = safe_add(c, oldc);
-                 d = safe_add(d, oldd);
-               }
-               return Array(a, b, c, d);
+           function valueConstant() {
+             if (this.value !== value) {
+               this.value = value;
              }
+           }
 
-             /**
-              * These functions implement the four basic operations the algorithm uses.
-              */
+           function valueFunction() {
+             var x = value.apply(this, arguments);
 
-             function md5_cmn(q, a, b, x, s, t) {
-               return safe_add(bit_rol(safe_add(safe_add(a, q), safe_add(x, t)), s), b);
+             if (x === null || x === undefined) {
+               delete this.value;
+             } else if (this.value !== x) {
+               this.value = x;
              }
+           }
 
-             function md5_ff(a, b, c, d, x, s, t) {
-               return md5_cmn((b & c) | ((~b) & d), a, b, x, s, t);
-             }
+           return value === null || value === undefined ? valueNull : typeof value === 'function' ? valueFunction : valueConstant;
+         }
 
-             function md5_gg(a, b, c, d, x, s, t) {
-               return md5_cmn((b & d) | (c & (~d)), a, b, x, s, t);
-             }
+         if (arguments.length === 1) {
+           return selection.property('value');
+         }
 
-             function md5_hh(a, b, c, d, x, s, t) {
-               return md5_cmn(b ^ c ^ d, a, b, x, s, t);
-             }
+         return selection.each(d3_selection_value(value));
+       }
 
-             function md5_ii(a, b, c, d, x, s, t) {
-               return md5_cmn(c ^ (b | (~d)), a, b, x, s, t);
-             }
-           },
-           /**
-            * @member Hashes
-            * @class Hashes.SHA1
-            * @param {Object} [config]
-            * @constructor
-            *
-            * A JavaScript implementation of the Secure Hash Algorithm, SHA-1, as defined in FIPS 180-1
-            * Version 2.2 Copyright Paul Johnston 2000 - 2009.
-            * Other contributors: Greg Holt, Andrew Kepert, Ydnar, Lostinet
-            * See http://pajhome.org.uk/crypt/md5 for details.
-            */
-           SHA1: function(options) {
-             /**
-              * Private config properties. You may need to tweak these to be compatible with
-              * the server-side, but the defaults work in most cases.
-              * See {@link Hashes.MD5#method-setUpperCase} and {@link Hashes.SHA1#method-setUpperCase}
-              */
-             var hexcase = (options && typeof options.uppercase === 'boolean') ? options.uppercase : false, // hexadecimal output case format. false - lowercase; true - uppercase
-               b64pad = (options && typeof options.pad === 'string') ? options.pad : '=', // base-64 pad character. Defaults to '=' for strict RFC compliance
-               utf8 = (options && typeof options.utf8 === 'boolean') ? options.utf8 : true; // enable/disable utf8 encoding
+       function utilKeybinding(namespace) {
+         var _keybindings = {};
 
-             // public methods
-             this.hex = function(s) {
-               return rstr2hex(rstr(s), hexcase);
-             };
-             this.b64 = function(s) {
-               return rstr2b64(rstr(s), b64pad);
-             };
-             this.any = function(s, e) {
-               return rstr2any(rstr(s), e);
-             };
-             this.raw = function(s) {
-               return rstr(s);
-             };
-             this.hex_hmac = function(k, d) {
-               return rstr2hex(rstr_hmac(k, d));
-             };
-             this.b64_hmac = function(k, d) {
-               return rstr2b64(rstr_hmac(k, d), b64pad);
-             };
-             this.any_hmac = function(k, d, e) {
-               return rstr2any(rstr_hmac(k, d), e);
-             };
-             /**
-              * Perform a simple self-test to see if the VM is working
-              * @return {String} Hexadecimal hash sample
-              * @public
-              */
-             this.vm_test = function() {
-               return hex('abc').toLowerCase() === '900150983cd24fb0d6963f7d28e17f72';
-             };
-             /**
-              * @description Enable/disable uppercase hexadecimal returned string
-              * @param {boolean}
-              * @return {Object} this
-              * @public
-              */
-             this.setUpperCase = function(a) {
-               if (typeof a === 'boolean') {
-                 hexcase = a;
-               }
-               return this;
-             };
-             /**
-              * @description Defines a base64 pad string
-              * @param {string} Pad
-              * @return {Object} this
-              * @public
-              */
-             this.setPad = function(a) {
-               b64pad = a || b64pad;
-               return this;
-             };
-             /**
-              * @description Defines a base64 pad string
-              * @param {boolean}
-              * @return {Object} this
-              * @public
-              */
-             this.setUTF8 = function(a) {
-               if (typeof a === 'boolean') {
-                 utf8 = a;
-               }
-               return this;
-             };
+         function testBindings(d3_event, isCapturing) {
+           var didMatch = false;
+           var bindings = Object.keys(_keybindings).map(function (id) {
+             return _keybindings[id];
+           });
+           var i, binding; // Most key shortcuts will accept either lower or uppercase ('h' or 'H'),
+           // so we don't strictly match on the shift key, but we prioritize
+           // shifted keybindings first, and fallback to unshifted only if no match.
+           // (This lets us differentiate between '←'/'⇧←' or '⌘Z'/'⌘⇧Z')
+           // priority match shifted keybindings first
 
-             // private methods
+           for (i = 0; i < bindings.length; i++) {
+             binding = bindings[i];
+             if (!binding.event.modifiers.shiftKey) continue; // no shift
 
-             /**
-              * Calculate the SHA-512 of a raw string
-              */
+             if (!!binding.capture !== isCapturing) continue;
 
-             function rstr(s) {
-               s = (utf8) ? utf8Encode(s) : s;
-               return binb2rstr(binb(rstr2binb(s), s.length * 8));
+             if (matches(d3_event, binding, true)) {
+               binding.callback(d3_event);
+               didMatch = true; // match a max of one binding per event
+
+               break;
              }
+           }
 
-             /**
-              * Calculate the HMAC-SHA1 of a key and some data (raw strings)
-              */
+           if (didMatch) return; // then unshifted keybindings
 
-             function rstr_hmac(key, data) {
-               var bkey, ipad, opad, i, hash;
-               key = (utf8) ? utf8Encode(key) : key;
-               data = (utf8) ? utf8Encode(data) : data;
-               bkey = rstr2binb(key);
+           for (i = 0; i < bindings.length; i++) {
+             binding = bindings[i];
+             if (binding.event.modifiers.shiftKey) continue; // shift
 
-               if (bkey.length > 16) {
-                 bkey = binb(bkey, key.length * 8);
-               }
-               ipad = Array(16), opad = Array(16);
-               for (i = 0; i < 16; i += 1) {
-                 ipad[i] = bkey[i] ^ 0x36363636;
-                 opad[i] = bkey[i] ^ 0x5C5C5C5C;
-               }
-               hash = binb(ipad.concat(rstr2binb(data)), 512 + data.length * 8);
-               return binb2rstr(binb(opad.concat(hash), 512 + 160));
+             if (!!binding.capture !== isCapturing) continue;
+
+             if (matches(d3_event, binding, false)) {
+               binding.callback(d3_event);
+               break;
              }
+           }
 
-             /**
-              * Calculate the SHA-1 of an array of big-endian words, and a bit length
-              */
+           function matches(d3_event, binding, testShift) {
+             var event = d3_event;
+             var isMatch = false;
+             var tryKeyCode = true; // Prefer a match on `KeyboardEvent.key`
 
-             function binb(x, len) {
-               var i, j, t, olda, oldb, oldc, oldd, olde,
-                 w = Array(80),
-                 a = 1732584193,
-                 b = -271733879,
-                 c = -1732584194,
-                 d = 271733878,
-                 e = -1009589776;
-
-               /* append padding */
-               x[len >> 5] |= 0x80 << (24 - len % 32);
-               x[((len + 64 >> 9) << 4) + 15] = len;
-
-               for (i = 0; i < x.length; i += 16) {
-                 olda = a;
-                 oldb = b;
-                 oldc = c;
-                 oldd = d;
-                 olde = e;
-
-                 for (j = 0; j < 80; j += 1) {
-                   if (j < 16) {
-                     w[j] = x[i + j];
-                   } else {
-                     w[j] = bit_rol(w[j - 3] ^ w[j - 8] ^ w[j - 14] ^ w[j - 16], 1);
-                   }
-                   t = safe_add(safe_add(bit_rol(a, 5), sha1_ft(j, b, c, d)),
-                     safe_add(safe_add(e, w[j]), sha1_kt(j)));
-                   e = d;
-                   d = c;
-                   c = bit_rol(b, 30);
-                   b = a;
-                   a = t;
-                 }
+             if (event.key !== undefined) {
+               tryKeyCode = event.key.charCodeAt(0) > 255; // outside ISO-Latin-1
+
+               isMatch = true;
 
-                 a = safe_add(a, olda);
-                 b = safe_add(b, oldb);
-                 c = safe_add(c, oldc);
-                 d = safe_add(d, oldd);
-                 e = safe_add(e, olde);
+               if (binding.event.key === undefined) {
+                 isMatch = false;
+               } else if (Array.isArray(binding.event.key)) {
+                 if (binding.event.key.map(function (s) {
+                   return s.toLowerCase();
+                 }).indexOf(event.key.toLowerCase()) === -1) {
+                   isMatch = false;
+                 }
+               } else {
+                 if (event.key.toLowerCase() !== binding.event.key.toLowerCase()) {
+                   isMatch = false;
+                 }
                }
-               return Array(a, b, c, d, e);
-             }
+             } // Fallback match on `KeyboardEvent.keyCode`, can happen if:
+             // - browser doesn't support `KeyboardEvent.key`
+             // - `KeyboardEvent.key` is outside ISO-Latin-1 range (cyrillic?)
 
-             /**
-              * Perform the appropriate triplet combination function for the current
-              * iteration
-              */
 
-             function sha1_ft(t, b, c, d) {
-               if (t < 20) {
-                 return (b & c) | ((~b) & d);
-               }
-               if (t < 40) {
-                 return b ^ c ^ d;
-               }
-               if (t < 60) {
-                 return (b & c) | (b & d) | (c & d);
-               }
-               return b ^ c ^ d;
+             if (!isMatch && tryKeyCode) {
+               isMatch = event.keyCode === binding.event.keyCode;
              }
 
-             /**
-              * Determine the appropriate additive constant for the current iteration
-              */
+             if (!isMatch) return false; // test modifier keys
 
-             function sha1_kt(t) {
-               return (t < 20) ? 1518500249 : (t < 40) ? 1859775393 :
-                 (t < 60) ? -1894007588 : -899497514;
+             if (!(event.ctrlKey && event.altKey)) {
+               // if both are set, assume AltGr and skip it - #4096
+               if (event.ctrlKey !== binding.event.modifiers.ctrlKey) return false;
+               if (event.altKey !== binding.event.modifiers.altKey) return false;
              }
-           },
-           /**
-            * @class Hashes.SHA256
-            * @param {config}
-            *
-            * A JavaScript implementation of the Secure Hash Algorithm, SHA-256, as defined in FIPS 180-2
-            * Version 2.2 Copyright Angel Marin, Paul Johnston 2000 - 2009.
-            * Other contributors: Greg Holt, Andrew Kepert, Ydnar, Lostinet
-            * See http://pajhome.org.uk/crypt/md5 for details.
-            * Also http://anmar.eu.org/projects/jssha2/
-            */
-           SHA256: function(options) {
-             /**
-              * Private properties configuration variables. You may need to tweak these to be compatible with
-              * the server-side, but the defaults work in most cases.
-              * @see this.setUpperCase() method
-              * @see this.setPad() method
-              */
-             var hexcase = (options && typeof options.uppercase === 'boolean') ? options.uppercase : false, // hexadecimal output case format. false - lowercase; true - uppercase  */
-               b64pad = (options && typeof options.pad === 'string') ? options.pad : '=',
-               /* base-64 pad character. Default '=' for strict RFC compliance   */
-               utf8 = (options && typeof options.utf8 === 'boolean') ? options.utf8 : true,
-               /* enable/disable utf8 encoding */
-               sha256_K;
 
-             /* privileged (public) methods */
-             this.hex = function(s) {
-               return rstr2hex(rstr(s, utf8));
-             };
-             this.b64 = function(s) {
-               return rstr2b64(rstr(s, utf8), b64pad);
-             };
-             this.any = function(s, e) {
-               return rstr2any(rstr(s, utf8), e);
-             };
-             this.raw = function(s) {
-               return rstr(s, utf8);
-             };
-             this.hex_hmac = function(k, d) {
-               return rstr2hex(rstr_hmac(k, d));
-             };
-             this.b64_hmac = function(k, d) {
-               return rstr2b64(rstr_hmac(k, d), b64pad);
-             };
-             this.any_hmac = function(k, d, e) {
-               return rstr2any(rstr_hmac(k, d), e);
-             };
-             /**
-              * Perform a simple self-test to see if the VM is working
-              * @return {String} Hexadecimal hash sample
-              * @public
-              */
-             this.vm_test = function() {
-               return hex('abc').toLowerCase() === '900150983cd24fb0d6963f7d28e17f72';
-             };
-             /**
-              * Enable/disable uppercase hexadecimal returned string
-              * @param {boolean}
-              * @return {Object} this
-              * @public
-              */
-             this.setUpperCase = function(a) {
-               if (typeof a === 'boolean') {
-                 hexcase = a;
-               }
-               return this;
-             };
-             /**
-              * @description Defines a base64 pad string
-              * @param {string} Pad
-              * @return {Object} this
-              * @public
-              */
-             this.setPad = function(a) {
-               b64pad = a || b64pad;
-               return this;
-             };
-             /**
-              * Defines a base64 pad string
-              * @param {boolean}
-              * @return {Object} this
-              * @public
-              */
-             this.setUTF8 = function(a) {
-               if (typeof a === 'boolean') {
-                 utf8 = a;
-               }
-               return this;
-             };
+             if (event.metaKey !== binding.event.modifiers.metaKey) return false;
+             if (testShift && event.shiftKey !== binding.event.modifiers.shiftKey) return false;
+             return true;
+           }
+         }
 
-             // private methods
+         function capture(d3_event) {
+           testBindings(d3_event, true);
+         }
 
-             /**
-              * Calculate the SHA-512 of a raw string
-              */
+         function bubble(d3_event) {
+           var tagName = select(d3_event.target).node().tagName;
 
-             function rstr(s, utf8) {
-               s = (utf8) ? utf8Encode(s) : s;
-               return binb2rstr(binb(rstr2binb(s), s.length * 8));
-             }
+           if (tagName === 'INPUT' || tagName === 'SELECT' || tagName === 'TEXTAREA') {
+             return;
+           }
 
-             /**
-              * Calculate the HMAC-sha256 of a key and some data (raw strings)
-              */
+           testBindings(d3_event, false);
+         }
 
-             function rstr_hmac(key, data) {
-               key = (utf8) ? utf8Encode(key) : key;
-               data = (utf8) ? utf8Encode(data) : data;
-               var hash, i = 0,
-                 bkey = rstr2binb(key),
-                 ipad = Array(16),
-                 opad = Array(16);
+         function keybinding(selection) {
+           selection = selection || select(document);
+           selection.on('keydown.capture.' + namespace, capture, true);
+           selection.on('keydown.bubble.' + namespace, bubble, false);
+           return keybinding;
+         } // was: keybinding.off()
 
-               if (bkey.length > 16) {
-                 bkey = binb(bkey, key.length * 8);
-               }
 
-               for (; i < 16; i += 1) {
-                 ipad[i] = bkey[i] ^ 0x36363636;
-                 opad[i] = bkey[i] ^ 0x5C5C5C5C;
-               }
+         keybinding.unbind = function (selection) {
+           _keybindings = [];
+           selection = selection || select(document);
+           selection.on('keydown.capture.' + namespace, null);
+           selection.on('keydown.bubble.' + namespace, null);
+           return keybinding;
+         };
 
-               hash = binb(ipad.concat(rstr2binb(data)), 512 + data.length * 8);
-               return binb2rstr(binb(opad.concat(hash), 512 + 256));
-             }
+         keybinding.clear = function () {
+           _keybindings = {};
+           return keybinding;
+         }; // Remove one or more keycode bindings.
 
-             /*
-              * Main sha256 function, with its support functions
-              */
 
-             function sha256_S(X, n) {
-               return (X >>> n) | (X << (32 - n));
-             }
+         keybinding.off = function (codes, capture) {
+           var arr = utilArrayUniq([].concat(codes));
 
-             function sha256_R(X, n) {
-               return (X >>> n);
-             }
+           for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
+             var id = arr[i] + (capture ? '-capture' : '-bubble');
+             delete _keybindings[id];
+           }
 
-             function sha256_Ch(x, y, z) {
-               return ((x & y) ^ ((~x) & z));
-             }
+           return keybinding;
+         }; // Add one or more keycode bindings.
+
+
+         keybinding.on = function (codes, callback, capture) {
+           if (typeof callback !== 'function') {
+             return keybinding.off(codes, capture);
+           }
+
+           var arr = utilArrayUniq([].concat(codes));
+
+           for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
+             var id = arr[i] + (capture ? '-capture' : '-bubble');
+             var binding = {
+               id: id,
+               capture: capture,
+               callback: callback,
+               event: {
+                 key: undefined,
+                 // preferred
+                 keyCode: 0,
+                 // fallback
+                 modifiers: {
+                   shiftKey: false,
+                   ctrlKey: false,
+                   altKey: false,
+                   metaKey: false
+                 }
+               }
+             };
 
-             function sha256_Maj(x, y, z) {
-               return ((x & y) ^ (x & z) ^ (y & z));
+             if (_keybindings[id]) {
+               console.warn('warning: duplicate keybinding for "' + id + '"'); // eslint-disable-line no-console
              }
 
-             function sha256_Sigma0256(x) {
-               return (sha256_S(x, 2) ^ sha256_S(x, 13) ^ sha256_S(x, 22));
-             }
+             _keybindings[id] = binding;
+             var matches = arr[i].toLowerCase().match(/(?:(?:[^+⇧⌃⌥⌘])+|[⇧⌃⌥⌘]|\+\+|^\+$)/g);
 
-             function sha256_Sigma1256(x) {
-               return (sha256_S(x, 6) ^ sha256_S(x, 11) ^ sha256_S(x, 25));
-             }
+             for (var j = 0; j < matches.length; j++) {
+               // Normalise matching errors
+               if (matches[j] === '++') matches[j] = '+';
 
-             function sha256_Gamma0256(x) {
-               return (sha256_S(x, 7) ^ sha256_S(x, 18) ^ sha256_R(x, 3));
-             }
+               if (matches[j] in utilKeybinding.modifierCodes) {
+                 var prop = utilKeybinding.modifierProperties[utilKeybinding.modifierCodes[matches[j]]];
+                 binding.event.modifiers[prop] = true;
+               } else {
+                 binding.event.key = utilKeybinding.keys[matches[j]] || matches[j];
 
-             function sha256_Gamma1256(x) {
-               return (sha256_S(x, 17) ^ sha256_S(x, 19) ^ sha256_R(x, 10));
+                 if (matches[j] in utilKeybinding.keyCodes) {
+                   binding.event.keyCode = utilKeybinding.keyCodes[matches[j]];
+                 }
+               }
              }
+           }
 
-             sha256_K = [
-               1116352408, 1899447441, -1245643825, -373957723, 961987163, 1508970993, -1841331548, -1424204075, -670586216, 310598401, 607225278, 1426881987,
-               1925078388, -2132889090, -1680079193, -1046744716, -459576895, -272742522,
-               264347078, 604807628, 770255983, 1249150122, 1555081692, 1996064986, -1740746414, -1473132947, -1341970488, -1084653625, -958395405, -710438585,
-               113926993, 338241895, 666307205, 773529912, 1294757372, 1396182291,
-               1695183700, 1986661051, -2117940946, -1838011259, -1564481375, -1474664885, -1035236496, -949202525, -778901479, -694614492, -200395387, 275423344,
-               430227734, 506948616, 659060556, 883997877, 958139571, 1322822218,
-               1537002063, 1747873779, 1955562222, 2024104815, -2067236844, -1933114872, -1866530822, -1538233109, -1090935817, -965641998
-             ];
+           return keybinding;
+         };
 
-             function binb(m, l) {
-               var HASH = [1779033703, -1150833019, 1013904242, -1521486534,
-                 1359893119, -1694144372, 528734635, 1541459225
-               ];
-               var W = new Array(64);
-               var a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h;
-               var i, j, T1, T2;
-
-               /* append padding */
-               m[l >> 5] |= 0x80 << (24 - l % 32);
-               m[((l + 64 >> 9) << 4) + 15] = l;
-
-               for (i = 0; i < m.length; i += 16) {
-                 a = HASH[0];
-                 b = HASH[1];
-                 c = HASH[2];
-                 d = HASH[3];
-                 e = HASH[4];
-                 f = HASH[5];
-                 g = HASH[6];
-                 h = HASH[7];
-
-                 for (j = 0; j < 64; j += 1) {
-                   if (j < 16) {
-                     W[j] = m[j + i];
-                   } else {
-                     W[j] = safe_add(safe_add(safe_add(sha256_Gamma1256(W[j - 2]), W[j - 7]),
-                       sha256_Gamma0256(W[j - 15])), W[j - 16]);
-                   }
+         return keybinding;
+       }
+       /*
+        * See https://github.com/keithamus/jwerty
+        */
 
-                   T1 = safe_add(safe_add(safe_add(safe_add(h, sha256_Sigma1256(e)), sha256_Ch(e, f, g)),
-                     sha256_K[j]), W[j]);
-                   T2 = safe_add(sha256_Sigma0256(a), sha256_Maj(a, b, c));
-                   h = g;
-                   g = f;
-                   f = e;
-                   e = safe_add(d, T1);
-                   d = c;
-                   c = b;
-                   b = a;
-                   a = safe_add(T1, T2);
-                 }
+       utilKeybinding.modifierCodes = {
+         // Shift key, ⇧
+         '⇧': 16,
+         shift: 16,
+         // CTRL key, on Mac: ⌃
+         '⌃': 17,
+         ctrl: 17,
+         // ALT key, on Mac: ⌥ (Alt)
+         '⌥': 18,
+         alt: 18,
+         option: 18,
+         // META, on Mac: ⌘ (CMD), on Windows (Win), on Linux (Super)
+         '⌘': 91,
+         meta: 91,
+         cmd: 91,
+         'super': 91,
+         win: 91
+       };
+       utilKeybinding.modifierProperties = {
+         16: 'shiftKey',
+         17: 'ctrlKey',
+         18: 'altKey',
+         91: 'metaKey'
+       };
+       utilKeybinding.plusKeys = ['plus', 'ffplus', '=', 'ffequals', '≠', '±'];
+       utilKeybinding.minusKeys = ['_', '-', 'ffminus', 'dash', '–', '—'];
+       utilKeybinding.keys = {
+         // Backspace key, on Mac: ⌫ (Backspace)
+         '⌫': 'Backspace',
+         backspace: 'Backspace',
+         // Tab Key, on Mac: ⇥ (Tab), on Windows ⇥⇥
+         '⇥': 'Tab',
+         '⇆': 'Tab',
+         tab: 'Tab',
+         // Return key, ↩
+         '↩': 'Enter',
+         '↵': 'Enter',
+         '⏎': 'Enter',
+         'return': 'Enter',
+         enter: 'Enter',
+         '⌅': 'Enter',
+         // Pause/Break key
+         'pause': 'Pause',
+         'pause-break': 'Pause',
+         // Caps Lock key, ⇪
+         '⇪': 'CapsLock',
+         caps: 'CapsLock',
+         'caps-lock': 'CapsLock',
+         // Escape key, on Mac: ⎋, on Windows: Esc
+         '⎋': ['Escape', 'Esc'],
+         escape: ['Escape', 'Esc'],
+         esc: ['Escape', 'Esc'],
+         // Space key
+         space: [' ', 'Spacebar'],
+         // Page-Up key, or pgup, on Mac: ↖
+         '↖': 'PageUp',
+         pgup: 'PageUp',
+         'page-up': 'PageUp',
+         // Page-Down key, or pgdown, on Mac: ↘
+         '↘': 'PageDown',
+         pgdown: 'PageDown',
+         'page-down': 'PageDown',
+         // END key, on Mac: ⇟
+         '⇟': 'End',
+         end: 'End',
+         // HOME key, on Mac: ⇞
+         '⇞': 'Home',
+         home: 'Home',
+         // Insert key, or ins
+         ins: 'Insert',
+         insert: 'Insert',
+         // Delete key, on Mac: ⌦ (Delete)
+         '⌦': ['Delete', 'Del'],
+         del: ['Delete', 'Del'],
+         'delete': ['Delete', 'Del'],
+         // Left Arrow Key, or ←
+         '←': ['ArrowLeft', 'Left'],
+         left: ['ArrowLeft', 'Left'],
+         'arrow-left': ['ArrowLeft', 'Left'],
+         // Up Arrow Key, or ↑
+         '↑': ['ArrowUp', 'Up'],
+         up: ['ArrowUp', 'Up'],
+         'arrow-up': ['ArrowUp', 'Up'],
+         // Right Arrow Key, or →
+         '→': ['ArrowRight', 'Right'],
+         right: ['ArrowRight', 'Right'],
+         'arrow-right': ['ArrowRight', 'Right'],
+         // Up Arrow Key, or ↓
+         '↓': ['ArrowDown', 'Down'],
+         down: ['ArrowDown', 'Down'],
+         'arrow-down': ['ArrowDown', 'Down'],
+         // odities, stuff for backward compatibility (browsers and code):
+         // Num-Multiply, or *
+         '*': ['*', 'Multiply'],
+         star: ['*', 'Multiply'],
+         asterisk: ['*', 'Multiply'],
+         multiply: ['*', 'Multiply'],
+         // Num-Plus or +
+         '+': ['+', 'Add'],
+         'plus': ['+', 'Add'],
+         // Num-Subtract, or -
+         '-': ['-', 'Subtract'],
+         subtract: ['-', 'Subtract'],
+         'dash': ['-', 'Subtract'],
+         // Semicolon
+         semicolon: ';',
+         // = or equals
+         equals: '=',
+         // Comma, or ,
+         comma: ',',
+         // Period, or ., or full-stop
+         period: '.',
+         'full-stop': '.',
+         // Slash, or /, or forward-slash
+         slash: '/',
+         'forward-slash': '/',
+         // Tick, or `, or back-quote
+         tick: '`',
+         'back-quote': '`',
+         // Open bracket, or [
+         'open-bracket': '[',
+         // Back slash, or \
+         'back-slash': '\\',
+         // Close backet, or ]
+         'close-bracket': ']',
+         // Apostrophe, or Quote, or '
+         quote: '\'',
+         apostrophe: '\'',
+         // NUMPAD 0-9
+         'num-0': '0',
+         'num-1': '1',
+         'num-2': '2',
+         'num-3': '3',
+         'num-4': '4',
+         'num-5': '5',
+         'num-6': '6',
+         'num-7': '7',
+         'num-8': '8',
+         'num-9': '9',
+         // F1-F25
+         f1: 'F1',
+         f2: 'F2',
+         f3: 'F3',
+         f4: 'F4',
+         f5: 'F5',
+         f6: 'F6',
+         f7: 'F7',
+         f8: 'F8',
+         f9: 'F9',
+         f10: 'F10',
+         f11: 'F11',
+         f12: 'F12',
+         f13: 'F13',
+         f14: 'F14',
+         f15: 'F15',
+         f16: 'F16',
+         f17: 'F17',
+         f18: 'F18',
+         f19: 'F19',
+         f20: 'F20',
+         f21: 'F21',
+         f22: 'F22',
+         f23: 'F23',
+         f24: 'F24',
+         f25: 'F25'
+       };
+       utilKeybinding.keyCodes = {
+         // Backspace key, on Mac: ⌫ (Backspace)
+         '⌫': 8,
+         backspace: 8,
+         // Tab Key, on Mac: ⇥ (Tab), on Windows ⇥⇥
+         '⇥': 9,
+         '⇆': 9,
+         tab: 9,
+         // Return key, ↩
+         '↩': 13,
+         '↵': 13,
+         '⏎': 13,
+         'return': 13,
+         enter: 13,
+         '⌅': 13,
+         // Pause/Break key
+         'pause': 19,
+         'pause-break': 19,
+         // Caps Lock key, ⇪
+         '⇪': 20,
+         caps: 20,
+         'caps-lock': 20,
+         // Escape key, on Mac: ⎋, on Windows: Esc
+         '⎋': 27,
+         escape: 27,
+         esc: 27,
+         // Space key
+         space: 32,
+         // Page-Up key, or pgup, on Mac: ↖
+         '↖': 33,
+         pgup: 33,
+         'page-up': 33,
+         // Page-Down key, or pgdown, on Mac: ↘
+         '↘': 34,
+         pgdown: 34,
+         'page-down': 34,
+         // END key, on Mac: ⇟
+         '⇟': 35,
+         end: 35,
+         // HOME key, on Mac: ⇞
+         '⇞': 36,
+         home: 36,
+         // Insert key, or ins
+         ins: 45,
+         insert: 45,
+         // Delete key, on Mac: ⌦ (Delete)
+         '⌦': 46,
+         del: 46,
+         'delete': 46,
+         // Left Arrow Key, or ←
+         '←': 37,
+         left: 37,
+         'arrow-left': 37,
+         // Up Arrow Key, or ↑
+         '↑': 38,
+         up: 38,
+         'arrow-up': 38,
+         // Right Arrow Key, or →
+         '→': 39,
+         right: 39,
+         'arrow-right': 39,
+         // Up Arrow Key, or ↓
+         '↓': 40,
+         down: 40,
+         'arrow-down': 40,
+         // odities, printing characters that come out wrong:
+         // Firefox Equals
+         'ffequals': 61,
+         // Num-Multiply, or *
+         '*': 106,
+         star: 106,
+         asterisk: 106,
+         multiply: 106,
+         // Num-Plus or +
+         '+': 107,
+         'plus': 107,
+         // Num-Subtract, or -
+         '-': 109,
+         subtract: 109,
+         // Vertical Bar / Pipe
+         '|': 124,
+         // Firefox Plus
+         'ffplus': 171,
+         // Firefox Minus
+         'ffminus': 173,
+         // Semicolon
+         ';': 186,
+         semicolon: 186,
+         // = or equals
+         '=': 187,
+         'equals': 187,
+         // Comma, or ,
+         ',': 188,
+         comma: 188,
+         // Dash / Underscore key
+         'dash': 189,
+         // Period, or ., or full-stop
+         '.': 190,
+         period: 190,
+         'full-stop': 190,
+         // Slash, or /, or forward-slash
+         '/': 191,
+         slash: 191,
+         'forward-slash': 191,
+         // Tick, or `, or back-quote
+         '`': 192,
+         tick: 192,
+         'back-quote': 192,
+         // Open bracket, or [
+         '[': 219,
+         'open-bracket': 219,
+         // Back slash, or \
+         '\\': 220,
+         'back-slash': 220,
+         // Close backet, or ]
+         ']': 221,
+         'close-bracket': 221,
+         // Apostrophe, or Quote, or '
+         '\'': 222,
+         quote: 222,
+         apostrophe: 222
+       }; // NUMPAD 0-9
+
+       var i = 95,
+           n = 0;
+
+       while (++i < 106) {
+         utilKeybinding.keyCodes['num-' + n] = i;
+         ++n;
+       } // 0-9
+
+
+       i = 47;
+       n = 0;
+
+       while (++i < 58) {
+         utilKeybinding.keyCodes[n] = i;
+         ++n;
+       } // F1-F25
+
+
+       i = 111;
+       n = 1;
+
+       while (++i < 136) {
+         utilKeybinding.keyCodes['f' + n] = i;
+         ++n;
+       } // a-z
+
+
+       i = 64;
+
+       while (++i < 91) {
+         utilKeybinding.keyCodes[String.fromCharCode(i).toLowerCase()] = i;
+       }
 
-                 HASH[0] = safe_add(a, HASH[0]);
-                 HASH[1] = safe_add(b, HASH[1]);
-                 HASH[2] = safe_add(c, HASH[2]);
-                 HASH[3] = safe_add(d, HASH[3]);
-                 HASH[4] = safe_add(e, HASH[4]);
-                 HASH[5] = safe_add(f, HASH[5]);
-                 HASH[6] = safe_add(g, HASH[6]);
-                 HASH[7] = safe_add(h, HASH[7]);
-               }
-               return HASH;
-             }
+       function utilObjectOmit(obj, omitKeys) {
+         return Object.keys(obj).reduce(function (result, key) {
+           if (omitKeys.indexOf(key) === -1) {
+             result[key] = obj[key]; // keep
+           }
 
-           },
+           return result;
+         }, {});
+       }
 
-           /**
-            * @class Hashes.SHA512
-            * @param {config}
-            *
-            * A JavaScript implementation of the Secure Hash Algorithm, SHA-512, as defined in FIPS 180-2
-            * Version 2.2 Copyright Anonymous Contributor, Paul Johnston 2000 - 2009.
-            * Other contributors: Greg Holt, Andrew Kepert, Ydnar, Lostinet
-            * See http://pajhome.org.uk/crypt/md5 for details.
-            */
-           SHA512: function(options) {
-             /**
-              * Private properties configuration variables. You may need to tweak these to be compatible with
-              * the server-side, but the defaults work in most cases.
-              * @see this.setUpperCase() method
-              * @see this.setPad() method
-              */
-             var hexcase = (options && typeof options.uppercase === 'boolean') ? options.uppercase : false,
-               /* hexadecimal output case format. false - lowercase; true - uppercase  */
-               b64pad = (options && typeof options.pad === 'string') ? options.pad : '=',
-               /* base-64 pad character. Default '=' for strict RFC compliance   */
-               utf8 = (options && typeof options.utf8 === 'boolean') ? options.utf8 : true,
-               /* enable/disable utf8 encoding */
-               sha512_k;
+       // Copies a variable number of methods from source to target.
+       function utilRebind(target, source) {
+         var i = 1,
+             n = arguments.length,
+             method;
 
-             /* privileged (public) methods */
-             this.hex = function(s) {
-               return rstr2hex(rstr(s));
-             };
-             this.b64 = function(s) {
-               return rstr2b64(rstr(s), b64pad);
-             };
-             this.any = function(s, e) {
-               return rstr2any(rstr(s), e);
-             };
-             this.raw = function(s) {
-               return rstr(s);
-             };
-             this.hex_hmac = function(k, d) {
-               return rstr2hex(rstr_hmac(k, d));
-             };
-             this.b64_hmac = function(k, d) {
-               return rstr2b64(rstr_hmac(k, d), b64pad);
-             };
-             this.any_hmac = function(k, d, e) {
-               return rstr2any(rstr_hmac(k, d), e);
-             };
-             /**
-              * Perform a simple self-test to see if the VM is working
-              * @return {String} Hexadecimal hash sample
-              * @public
-              */
-             this.vm_test = function() {
-               return hex('abc').toLowerCase() === '900150983cd24fb0d6963f7d28e17f72';
-             };
-             /**
-              * @description Enable/disable uppercase hexadecimal returned string
-              * @param {boolean}
-              * @return {Object} this
-              * @public
-              */
-             this.setUpperCase = function(a) {
-               if (typeof a === 'boolean') {
-                 hexcase = a;
-               }
-               return this;
-             };
-             /**
-              * @description Defines a base64 pad string
-              * @param {string} Pad
-              * @return {Object} this
-              * @public
-              */
-             this.setPad = function(a) {
-               b64pad = a || b64pad;
-               return this;
-             };
-             /**
-              * @description Defines a base64 pad string
-              * @param {boolean}
-              * @return {Object} this
-              * @public
-              */
-             this.setUTF8 = function(a) {
-               if (typeof a === 'boolean') {
-                 utf8 = a;
-               }
-               return this;
-             };
+         while (++i < n) {
+           target[method = arguments[i]] = d3_rebind(target, source, source[method]);
+         }
 
-             /* private methods */
+         return target;
+       } // Method is assumed to be a standard D3 getter-setter:
+       // If passed with no arguments, gets the value.
+       // If passed with arguments, sets the value and returns the target.
 
-             /**
-              * Calculate the SHA-512 of a raw string
-              */
+       function d3_rebind(target, source, method) {
+         return function () {
+           var value = method.apply(source, arguments);
+           return value === source ? target : value;
+         };
+       }
 
-             function rstr(s) {
-               s = (utf8) ? utf8Encode(s) : s;
-               return binb2rstr(binb(rstr2binb(s), s.length * 8));
-             }
-             /*
-              * Calculate the HMAC-SHA-512 of a key and some data (raw strings)
-              */
+       // A per-domain session mutex backed by a cookie and dead man's
+       // switch. If the session crashes, the mutex will auto-release
+       // after 5 seconds.
+       // This accepts a string and returns an object that complies with utilSessionMutexType
+       function utilSessionMutex(name) {
+         var mutex = {};
+         var intervalID;
 
-             function rstr_hmac(key, data) {
-               key = (utf8) ? utf8Encode(key) : key;
-               data = (utf8) ? utf8Encode(data) : data;
+         function renew() {
+           var expires = new Date();
+           expires.setSeconds(expires.getSeconds() + 5);
+           document.cookie = name + '=1; expires=' + expires.toUTCString() + '; sameSite=strict';
+         }
 
-               var hash, i = 0,
-                 bkey = rstr2binb(key),
-                 ipad = Array(32),
-                 opad = Array(32);
+         mutex.lock = function () {
+           if (intervalID) return true;
+           var cookie = document.cookie.replace(new RegExp('(?:(?:^|.*;)\\s*' + name + '\\s*\\=\\s*([^;]*).*$)|^.*$'), '$1');
+           if (cookie) return false;
+           renew();
+           intervalID = window.setInterval(renew, 4000);
+           return true;
+         };
 
-               if (bkey.length > 32) {
-                 bkey = binb(bkey, key.length * 8);
-               }
+         mutex.unlock = function () {
+           if (!intervalID) return;
+           document.cookie = name + '=; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT; sameSite=strict';
+           clearInterval(intervalID);
+           intervalID = null;
+         };
 
-               for (; i < 32; i += 1) {
-                 ipad[i] = bkey[i] ^ 0x36363636;
-                 opad[i] = bkey[i] ^ 0x5C5C5C5C;
-               }
+         mutex.locked = function () {
+           return !!intervalID;
+         };
 
-               hash = binb(ipad.concat(rstr2binb(data)), 1024 + data.length * 8);
-               return binb2rstr(binb(opad.concat(hash), 1024 + 512));
-             }
+         return mutex;
+       }
 
-             /**
-              * Calculate the SHA-512 of an array of big-endian dwords, and a bit length
-              */
+       function utilTiler() {
+         var _size = [256, 256];
+         var _scale = 256;
+         var _tileSize = 256;
+         var _zoomExtent = [0, 20];
+         var _translate = [_size[0] / 2, _size[1] / 2];
+         var _margin = 0;
+         var _skipNullIsland = false;
+
+         function clamp(num, min, max) {
+           return Math.max(min, Math.min(num, max));
+         }
 
-             function binb(x, len) {
-               var j, i, l,
-                 W = new Array(80),
-                 hash = new Array(16),
-                 //Initial hash values
-                 H = [
-                   new int64(0x6a09e667, -205731576),
-                   new int64(-1150833019, -2067093701),
-                   new int64(0x3c6ef372, -23791573),
-                   new int64(-1521486534, 0x5f1d36f1),
-                   new int64(0x510e527f, -1377402159),
-                   new int64(-1694144372, 0x2b3e6c1f),
-                   new int64(0x1f83d9ab, -79577749),
-                   new int64(0x5be0cd19, 0x137e2179)
-                 ],
-                 T1 = new int64(0, 0),
-                 T2 = new int64(0, 0),
-                 a = new int64(0, 0),
-                 b = new int64(0, 0),
-                 c = new int64(0, 0),
-                 d = new int64(0, 0),
-                 e = new int64(0, 0),
-                 f = new int64(0, 0),
-                 g = new int64(0, 0),
-                 h = new int64(0, 0),
-                 //Temporary variables not specified by the document
-                 s0 = new int64(0, 0),
-                 s1 = new int64(0, 0),
-                 Ch = new int64(0, 0),
-                 Maj = new int64(0, 0),
-                 r1 = new int64(0, 0),
-                 r2 = new int64(0, 0),
-                 r3 = new int64(0, 0);
-
-               if (sha512_k === undefined) {
-                 //SHA512 constants
-                 sha512_k = [
-                   new int64(0x428a2f98, -685199838), new int64(0x71374491, 0x23ef65cd),
-                   new int64(-1245643825, -330482897), new int64(-373957723, -2121671748),
-                   new int64(0x3956c25b, -213338824), new int64(0x59f111f1, -1241133031),
-                   new int64(-1841331548, -1357295717), new int64(-1424204075, -630357736),
-                   new int64(-670586216, -1560083902), new int64(0x12835b01, 0x45706fbe),
-                   new int64(0x243185be, 0x4ee4b28c), new int64(0x550c7dc3, -704662302),
-                   new int64(0x72be5d74, -226784913), new int64(-2132889090, 0x3b1696b1),
-                   new int64(-1680079193, 0x25c71235), new int64(-1046744716, -815192428),
-                   new int64(-459576895, -1628353838), new int64(-272742522, 0x384f25e3),
-                   new int64(0xfc19dc6, -1953704523), new int64(0x240ca1cc, 0x77ac9c65),
-                   new int64(0x2de92c6f, 0x592b0275), new int64(0x4a7484aa, 0x6ea6e483),
-                   new int64(0x5cb0a9dc, -1119749164), new int64(0x76f988da, -2096016459),
-                   new int64(-1740746414, -295247957), new int64(-1473132947, 0x2db43210),
-                   new int64(-1341970488, -1728372417), new int64(-1084653625, -1091629340),
-                   new int64(-958395405, 0x3da88fc2), new int64(-710438585, -1828018395),
-                   new int64(0x6ca6351, -536640913), new int64(0x14292967, 0xa0e6e70),
-                   new int64(0x27b70a85, 0x46d22ffc), new int64(0x2e1b2138, 0x5c26c926),
-                   new int64(0x4d2c6dfc, 0x5ac42aed), new int64(0x53380d13, -1651133473),
-                   new int64(0x650a7354, -1951439906), new int64(0x766a0abb, 0x3c77b2a8),
-                   new int64(-2117940946, 0x47edaee6), new int64(-1838011259, 0x1482353b),
-                   new int64(-1564481375, 0x4cf10364), new int64(-1474664885, -1136513023),
-                   new int64(-1035236496, -789014639), new int64(-949202525, 0x654be30),
-                   new int64(-778901479, -688958952), new int64(-694614492, 0x5565a910),
-                   new int64(-200395387, 0x5771202a), new int64(0x106aa070, 0x32bbd1b8),
-                   new int64(0x19a4c116, -1194143544), new int64(0x1e376c08, 0x5141ab53),
-                   new int64(0x2748774c, -544281703), new int64(0x34b0bcb5, -509917016),
-                   new int64(0x391c0cb3, -976659869), new int64(0x4ed8aa4a, -482243893),
-                   new int64(0x5b9cca4f, 0x7763e373), new int64(0x682e6ff3, -692930397),
-                   new int64(0x748f82ee, 0x5defb2fc), new int64(0x78a5636f, 0x43172f60),
-                   new int64(-2067236844, -1578062990), new int64(-1933114872, 0x1a6439ec),
-                   new int64(-1866530822, 0x23631e28), new int64(-1538233109, -561857047),
-                   new int64(-1090935817, -1295615723), new int64(-965641998, -479046869),
-                   new int64(-903397682, -366583396), new int64(-779700025, 0x21c0c207),
-                   new int64(-354779690, -840897762), new int64(-176337025, -294727304),
-                   new int64(0x6f067aa, 0x72176fba), new int64(0xa637dc5, -1563912026),
-                   new int64(0x113f9804, -1090974290), new int64(0x1b710b35, 0x131c471b),
-                   new int64(0x28db77f5, 0x23047d84), new int64(0x32caab7b, 0x40c72493),
-                   new int64(0x3c9ebe0a, 0x15c9bebc), new int64(0x431d67c4, -1676669620),
-                   new int64(0x4cc5d4be, -885112138), new int64(0x597f299c, -60457430),
-                   new int64(0x5fcb6fab, 0x3ad6faec), new int64(0x6c44198c, 0x4a475817)
-                 ];
-               }
-
-               for (i = 0; i < 80; i += 1) {
-                 W[i] = new int64(0, 0);
-               }
-
-               // append padding to the source string. The format is described in the FIPS.
-               x[len >> 5] |= 0x80 << (24 - (len & 0x1f));
-               x[((len + 128 >> 10) << 5) + 31] = len;
-               l = x.length;
-               for (i = 0; i < l; i += 32) { //32 dwords is the block size
-                 int64copy(a, H[0]);
-                 int64copy(b, H[1]);
-                 int64copy(c, H[2]);
-                 int64copy(d, H[3]);
-                 int64copy(e, H[4]);
-                 int64copy(f, H[5]);
-                 int64copy(g, H[6]);
-                 int64copy(h, H[7]);
-
-                 for (j = 0; j < 16; j += 1) {
-                   W[j].h = x[i + 2 * j];
-                   W[j].l = x[i + 2 * j + 1];
-                 }
+         function nearNullIsland(tile) {
+           var x = tile[0];
+           var y = tile[1];
+           var z = tile[2];
 
-                 for (j = 16; j < 80; j += 1) {
-                   //sigma1
-                   int64rrot(r1, W[j - 2], 19);
-                   int64revrrot(r2, W[j - 2], 29);
-                   int64shr(r3, W[j - 2], 6);
-                   s1.l = r1.l ^ r2.l ^ r3.l;
-                   s1.h = r1.h ^ r2.h ^ r3.h;
-                   //sigma0
-                   int64rrot(r1, W[j - 15], 1);
-                   int64rrot(r2, W[j - 15], 8);
-                   int64shr(r3, W[j - 15], 7);
-                   s0.l = r1.l ^ r2.l ^ r3.l;
-                   s0.h = r1.h ^ r2.h ^ r3.h;
-
-                   int64add4(W[j], s1, W[j - 7], s0, W[j - 16]);
-                 }
+           if (z >= 7) {
+             var center = Math.pow(2, z - 1);
+             var width = Math.pow(2, z - 6);
+             var min = center - width / 2;
+             var max = center + width / 2 - 1;
+             return x >= min && x <= max && y >= min && y <= max;
+           }
 
-                 for (j = 0; j < 80; j += 1) {
-                   //Ch
-                   Ch.l = (e.l & f.l) ^ (~e.l & g.l);
-                   Ch.h = (e.h & f.h) ^ (~e.h & g.h);
-
-                   //Sigma1
-                   int64rrot(r1, e, 14);
-                   int64rrot(r2, e, 18);
-                   int64revrrot(r3, e, 9);
-                   s1.l = r1.l ^ r2.l ^ r3.l;
-                   s1.h = r1.h ^ r2.h ^ r3.h;
-
-                   //Sigma0
-                   int64rrot(r1, a, 28);
-                   int64revrrot(r2, a, 2);
-                   int64revrrot(r3, a, 7);
-                   s0.l = r1.l ^ r2.l ^ r3.l;
-                   s0.h = r1.h ^ r2.h ^ r3.h;
-
-                   //Maj
-                   Maj.l = (a.l & b.l) ^ (a.l & c.l) ^ (b.l & c.l);
-                   Maj.h = (a.h & b.h) ^ (a.h & c.h) ^ (b.h & c.h);
-
-                   int64add5(T1, h, s1, Ch, sha512_k[j], W[j]);
-                   int64add(T2, s0, Maj);
-
-                   int64copy(h, g);
-                   int64copy(g, f);
-                   int64copy(f, e);
-                   int64add(e, d, T1);
-                   int64copy(d, c);
-                   int64copy(c, b);
-                   int64copy(b, a);
-                   int64add(a, T1, T2);
-                 }
-                 int64add(H[0], H[0], a);
-                 int64add(H[1], H[1], b);
-                 int64add(H[2], H[2], c);
-                 int64add(H[3], H[3], d);
-                 int64add(H[4], H[4], e);
-                 int64add(H[5], H[5], f);
-                 int64add(H[6], H[6], g);
-                 int64add(H[7], H[7], h);
-               }
+           return false;
+         }
 
-               //represent the hash as an array of 32-bit dwords
-               for (i = 0; i < 8; i += 1) {
-                 hash[2 * i] = H[i].h;
-                 hash[2 * i + 1] = H[i].l;
+         function tiler() {
+           var z = geoScaleToZoom(_scale / (2 * Math.PI), _tileSize);
+           var z0 = clamp(Math.round(z), _zoomExtent[0], _zoomExtent[1]);
+           var tileMin = 0;
+           var tileMax = Math.pow(2, z0) - 1;
+           var log2ts = Math.log(_tileSize) * Math.LOG2E;
+           var k = Math.pow(2, z - z0 + log2ts);
+           var origin = [(_translate[0] - _scale / 2) / k, (_translate[1] - _scale / 2) / k];
+           var cols = range$1(clamp(Math.floor(-origin[0]) - _margin, tileMin, tileMax + 1), clamp(Math.ceil(_size[0] / k - origin[0]) + _margin, tileMin, tileMax + 1));
+           var rows = range$1(clamp(Math.floor(-origin[1]) - _margin, tileMin, tileMax + 1), clamp(Math.ceil(_size[1] / k - origin[1]) + _margin, tileMin, tileMax + 1));
+           var tiles = [];
+
+           for (var i = 0; i < rows.length; i++) {
+             var y = rows[i];
+
+             for (var j = 0; j < cols.length; j++) {
+               var x = cols[j];
+
+               if (i >= _margin && i <= rows.length - _margin && j >= _margin && j <= cols.length - _margin) {
+                 tiles.unshift([x, y, z0]); // tiles in view at beginning
+               } else {
+                 tiles.push([x, y, z0]); // tiles in margin at the end
                }
-               return hash;
              }
+           }
+
+           tiles.translate = origin;
+           tiles.scale = k;
+           return tiles;
+         }
+         /**
+          * getTiles() returns an array of tiles that cover the map view
+          */
 
-             //A constructor for 64-bit numbers
 
-             function int64(h, l) {
-               this.h = h;
-               this.l = l;
-               //this.toString = int64toString;
+         tiler.getTiles = function (projection) {
+           var origin = [projection.scale() * Math.PI - projection.translate()[0], projection.scale() * Math.PI - projection.translate()[1]];
+           this.size(projection.clipExtent()[1]).scale(projection.scale() * 2 * Math.PI).translate(projection.translate());
+           var tiles = tiler();
+           var ts = tiles.scale;
+           return tiles.map(function (tile) {
+             if (_skipNullIsland && nearNullIsland(tile)) {
+               return false;
              }
 
-             //Copies src into dst, assuming both are 64-bit numbers
+             var x = tile[0] * ts - origin[0];
+             var y = tile[1] * ts - origin[1];
+             return {
+               id: tile.toString(),
+               xyz: tile,
+               extent: geoExtent(projection.invert([x, y + ts]), projection.invert([x + ts, y]))
+             };
+           }).filter(Boolean);
+         };
+         /**
+          * getGeoJSON() returns a FeatureCollection for debugging tiles
+          */
 
-             function int64copy(dst, src) {
-               dst.h = src.h;
-               dst.l = src.l;
-             }
 
-             //Right-rotates a 64-bit number by shift
-             //Won't handle cases of shift>=32
-             //The function revrrot() is for that
+         tiler.getGeoJSON = function (projection) {
+           var features = tiler.getTiles(projection).map(function (tile) {
+             return {
+               type: 'Feature',
+               properties: {
+                 id: tile.id,
+                 name: tile.id
+               },
+               geometry: {
+                 type: 'Polygon',
+                 coordinates: [tile.extent.polygon()]
+               }
+             };
+           });
+           return {
+             type: 'FeatureCollection',
+             features: features
+           };
+         };
 
-             function int64rrot(dst, x, shift) {
-               dst.l = (x.l >>> shift) | (x.h << (32 - shift));
-               dst.h = (x.h >>> shift) | (x.l << (32 - shift));
-             }
+         tiler.tileSize = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _tileSize;
+           _tileSize = val;
+           return tiler;
+         };
 
-             //Reverses the dwords of the source and then rotates right by shift.
-             //This is equivalent to rotation by 32+shift
+         tiler.zoomExtent = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _zoomExtent;
+           _zoomExtent = val;
+           return tiler;
+         };
 
-             function int64revrrot(dst, x, shift) {
-               dst.l = (x.h >>> shift) | (x.l << (32 - shift));
-               dst.h = (x.l >>> shift) | (x.h << (32 - shift));
-             }
+         tiler.size = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _size;
+           _size = val;
+           return tiler;
+         };
 
-             //Bitwise-shifts right a 64-bit number by shift
-             //Won't handle shift>=32, but it's never needed in SHA512
+         tiler.scale = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _scale;
+           _scale = val;
+           return tiler;
+         };
 
-             function int64shr(dst, x, shift) {
-               dst.l = (x.l >>> shift) | (x.h << (32 - shift));
-               dst.h = (x.h >>> shift);
-             }
+         tiler.translate = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _translate;
+           _translate = val;
+           return tiler;
+         }; // number to extend the rows/columns beyond those covering the viewport
 
-             //Adds two 64-bit numbers
-             //Like the original implementation, does not rely on 32-bit operations
 
-             function int64add(dst, x, y) {
-               var w0 = (x.l & 0xffff) + (y.l & 0xffff);
-               var w1 = (x.l >>> 16) + (y.l >>> 16) + (w0 >>> 16);
-               var w2 = (x.h & 0xffff) + (y.h & 0xffff) + (w1 >>> 16);
-               var w3 = (x.h >>> 16) + (y.h >>> 16) + (w2 >>> 16);
-               dst.l = (w0 & 0xffff) | (w1 << 16);
-               dst.h = (w2 & 0xffff) | (w3 << 16);
-             }
+         tiler.margin = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _margin;
+           _margin = +val;
+           return tiler;
+         };
 
-             //Same, except with 4 addends. Works faster than adding them one by one.
+         tiler.skipNullIsland = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _skipNullIsland;
+           _skipNullIsland = val;
+           return tiler;
+         };
 
-             function int64add4(dst, a, b, c, d) {
-               var w0 = (a.l & 0xffff) + (b.l & 0xffff) + (c.l & 0xffff) + (d.l & 0xffff);
-               var w1 = (a.l >>> 16) + (b.l >>> 16) + (c.l >>> 16) + (d.l >>> 16) + (w0 >>> 16);
-               var w2 = (a.h & 0xffff) + (b.h & 0xffff) + (c.h & 0xffff) + (d.h & 0xffff) + (w1 >>> 16);
-               var w3 = (a.h >>> 16) + (b.h >>> 16) + (c.h >>> 16) + (d.h >>> 16) + (w2 >>> 16);
-               dst.l = (w0 & 0xffff) | (w1 << 16);
-               dst.h = (w2 & 0xffff) | (w3 << 16);
-             }
+         return tiler;
+       }
 
-             //Same, except with 5 addends
+       function utilTriggerEvent(target, type) {
+         target.each(function () {
+           var evt = document.createEvent('HTMLEvents');
+           evt.initEvent(type, true, true);
+           this.dispatchEvent(evt);
+         });
+       }
 
-             function int64add5(dst, a, b, c, d, e) {
-               var w0 = (a.l & 0xffff) + (b.l & 0xffff) + (c.l & 0xffff) + (d.l & 0xffff) + (e.l & 0xffff),
-                 w1 = (a.l >>> 16) + (b.l >>> 16) + (c.l >>> 16) + (d.l >>> 16) + (e.l >>> 16) + (w0 >>> 16),
-                 w2 = (a.h & 0xffff) + (b.h & 0xffff) + (c.h & 0xffff) + (d.h & 0xffff) + (e.h & 0xffff) + (w1 >>> 16),
-                 w3 = (a.h >>> 16) + (b.h >>> 16) + (c.h >>> 16) + (d.h >>> 16) + (e.h >>> 16) + (w2 >>> 16);
-               dst.l = (w0 & 0xffff) | (w1 << 16);
-               dst.h = (w2 & 0xffff) | (w3 << 16);
-             }
-           },
-           /**
-            * @class Hashes.RMD160
-            * @constructor
-            * @param {Object} [config]
-            *
-            * A JavaScript implementation of the RIPEMD-160 Algorithm
-            * Version 2.2 Copyright Jeremy Lin, Paul Johnston 2000 - 2009.
-            * Other contributors: Greg Holt, Andrew Kepert, Ydnar, Lostinet
-            * See http://pajhome.org.uk/crypt/md5 for details.
-            * Also http://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~jjlin/jsotp/
-            */
-           RMD160: function(options) {
-             /**
-              * Private properties configuration variables. You may need to tweak these to be compatible with
-              * the server-side, but the defaults work in most cases.
-              * @see this.setUpperCase() method
-              * @see this.setPad() method
-              */
-             var hexcase = (options && typeof options.uppercase === 'boolean') ? options.uppercase : false,
-               /* hexadecimal output case format. false - lowercase; true - uppercase  */
-               b64pad = (options && typeof options.pad === 'string') ? options.pa : '=',
-               /* base-64 pad character. Default '=' for strict RFC compliance   */
-               utf8 = (options && typeof options.utf8 === 'boolean') ? options.utf8 : true,
-               /* enable/disable utf8 encoding */
-               rmd160_r1 = [
-                 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
-                 7, 4, 13, 1, 10, 6, 15, 3, 12, 0, 9, 5, 2, 14, 11, 8,
-                 3, 10, 14, 4, 9, 15, 8, 1, 2, 7, 0, 6, 13, 11, 5, 12,
-                 1, 9, 11, 10, 0, 8, 12, 4, 13, 3, 7, 15, 14, 5, 6, 2,
-                 4, 0, 5, 9, 7, 12, 2, 10, 14, 1, 3, 8, 11, 6, 15, 13
-               ],
-               rmd160_r2 = [
-                 5, 14, 7, 0, 9, 2, 11, 4, 13, 6, 15, 8, 1, 10, 3, 12,
-                 6, 11, 3, 7, 0, 13, 5, 10, 14, 15, 8, 12, 4, 9, 1, 2,
-                 15, 5, 1, 3, 7, 14, 6, 9, 11, 8, 12, 2, 10, 0, 4, 13,
-                 8, 6, 4, 1, 3, 11, 15, 0, 5, 12, 2, 13, 9, 7, 10, 14,
-                 12, 15, 10, 4, 1, 5, 8, 7, 6, 2, 13, 14, 0, 3, 9, 11
-               ],
-               rmd160_s1 = [
-                 11, 14, 15, 12, 5, 8, 7, 9, 11, 13, 14, 15, 6, 7, 9, 8,
-                 7, 6, 8, 13, 11, 9, 7, 15, 7, 12, 15, 9, 11, 7, 13, 12,
-                 11, 13, 6, 7, 14, 9, 13, 15, 14, 8, 13, 6, 5, 12, 7, 5,
-                 11, 12, 14, 15, 14, 15, 9, 8, 9, 14, 5, 6, 8, 6, 5, 12,
-                 9, 15, 5, 11, 6, 8, 13, 12, 5, 12, 13, 14, 11, 8, 5, 6
-               ],
-               rmd160_s2 = [
-                 8, 9, 9, 11, 13, 15, 15, 5, 7, 7, 8, 11, 14, 14, 12, 6,
-                 9, 13, 15, 7, 12, 8, 9, 11, 7, 7, 12, 7, 6, 15, 13, 11,
-                 9, 7, 15, 11, 8, 6, 6, 14, 12, 13, 5, 14, 13, 13, 7, 5,
-                 15, 5, 8, 11, 14, 14, 6, 14, 6, 9, 12, 9, 12, 5, 15, 8,
-                 8, 5, 12, 9, 12, 5, 14, 6, 8, 13, 6, 5, 15, 13, 11, 11
-               ];
+       var _mainLocations = coreLocations(); // singleton
+       // `coreLocations` maintains an internal index of all the boundaries/geofences used by iD.
+       // It's used by presets, community index, background imagery, to know where in the world these things are valid.
+       // These geofences should be defined by `locationSet` objects:
+       //
+       // let locationSet = {
+       //   include: [ Array of locations ],
+       //   exclude: [ Array of locations ]
+       // };
+       //
+       // For more info see the location-conflation and country-coder projects, see:
+       // https://github.com/ideditor/location-conflation
+       // https://github.com/ideditor/country-coder
+       //
 
-             /* privileged (public) methods */
-             this.hex = function(s) {
-               return rstr2hex(rstr(s));
-             };
-             this.b64 = function(s) {
-               return rstr2b64(rstr(s), b64pad);
-             };
-             this.any = function(s, e) {
-               return rstr2any(rstr(s), e);
-             };
-             this.raw = function(s) {
-               return rstr(s);
-             };
-             this.hex_hmac = function(k, d) {
-               return rstr2hex(rstr_hmac(k, d));
-             };
-             this.b64_hmac = function(k, d) {
-               return rstr2b64(rstr_hmac(k, d), b64pad);
-             };
-             this.any_hmac = function(k, d, e) {
-               return rstr2any(rstr_hmac(k, d), e);
-             };
-             /**
-              * Perform a simple self-test to see if the VM is working
-              * @return {String} Hexadecimal hash sample
-              * @public
-              */
-             this.vm_test = function() {
-               return hex('abc').toLowerCase() === '900150983cd24fb0d6963f7d28e17f72';
-             };
-             /**
-              * @description Enable/disable uppercase hexadecimal returned string
-              * @param {boolean}
-              * @return {Object} this
-              * @public
-              */
-             this.setUpperCase = function(a) {
-               if (typeof a === 'boolean') {
-                 hexcase = a;
-               }
-               return this;
-             };
-             /**
-              * @description Defines a base64 pad string
-              * @param {string} Pad
-              * @return {Object} this
-              * @public
-              */
-             this.setPad = function(a) {
-               if (typeof a !== 'undefined') {
-                 b64pad = a;
-               }
-               return this;
-             };
-             /**
-              * @description Defines a base64 pad string
-              * @param {boolean}
-              * @return {Object} this
-              * @public
-              */
-             this.setUTF8 = function(a) {
-               if (typeof a === 'boolean') {
-                 utf8 = a;
-               }
-               return this;
-             };
+       function coreLocations() {
+         var _this = {};
+         var _resolvedFeatures = {}; // cache of *resolved* locationSet features
 
-             /* private methods */
+         var _loco = new _default(); // instance of a location-conflation resolver
 
-             /**
-              * Calculate the rmd160 of a raw string
-              */
 
-             function rstr(s) {
-               s = (utf8) ? utf8Encode(s) : s;
-               return binl2rstr(binl(rstr2binl(s), s.length * 8));
-             }
+         var _wp; // instance of a which-polygon index
+         // pre-resolve the worldwide locationSet
 
-             /**
-              * Calculate the HMAC-rmd160 of a key and some data (raw strings)
-              */
 
-             function rstr_hmac(key, data) {
-               key = (utf8) ? utf8Encode(key) : key;
-               data = (utf8) ? utf8Encode(data) : data;
-               var i, hash,
-                 bkey = rstr2binl(key),
-                 ipad = Array(16),
-                 opad = Array(16);
+         var world = {
+           locationSet: {
+             include: ['Q2']
+           }
+         };
+         resolveLocationSet(world);
+         rebuildIndex();
+         var _queue = [];
 
-               if (bkey.length > 16) {
-                 bkey = binl(bkey, key.length * 8);
-               }
+         var _deferred = new Set();
 
-               for (i = 0; i < 16; i += 1) {
-                 ipad[i] = bkey[i] ^ 0x36363636;
-                 opad[i] = bkey[i] ^ 0x5C5C5C5C;
-               }
-               hash = binl(ipad.concat(rstr2binl(data)), 512 + data.length * 8);
-               return binl2rstr(binl(opad.concat(hash), 512 + 160));
-             }
+         var _inProcess; // Returns a Promise to process the queue
 
-             /**
-              * Convert an array of little-endian words to a string
-              */
 
-             function binl2rstr(input) {
-               var i, output = '',
-                 l = input.length * 32;
-               for (i = 0; i < l; i += 8) {
-                 output += String.fromCharCode((input[i >> 5] >>> (i % 32)) & 0xFF);
-               }
-               return output;
-             }
+         function processQueue() {
+           if (!_queue.length) return Promise.resolve(); // console.log(`queue length ${_queue.length}`);
 
-             /**
-              * Calculate the RIPE-MD160 of an array of little-endian words, and a bit length.
-              */
+           var chunk = _queue.pop();
 
-             function binl(x, len) {
-               var T, j, i, l,
-                 h0 = 0x67452301,
-                 h1 = 0xefcdab89,
-                 h2 = 0x98badcfe,
-                 h3 = 0x10325476,
-                 h4 = 0xc3d2e1f0,
-                 A1, B1, C1, D1, E1,
-                 A2, B2, C2, D2, E2;
-
-               /* append padding */
-               x[len >> 5] |= 0x80 << (len % 32);
-               x[(((len + 64) >>> 9) << 4) + 14] = len;
-               l = x.length;
-
-               for (i = 0; i < l; i += 16) {
-                 A1 = A2 = h0;
-                 B1 = B2 = h1;
-                 C1 = C2 = h2;
-                 D1 = D2 = h3;
-                 E1 = E2 = h4;
-                 for (j = 0; j <= 79; j += 1) {
-                   T = safe_add(A1, rmd160_f(j, B1, C1, D1));
-                   T = safe_add(T, x[i + rmd160_r1[j]]);
-                   T = safe_add(T, rmd160_K1(j));
-                   T = safe_add(bit_rol(T, rmd160_s1[j]), E1);
-                   A1 = E1;
-                   E1 = D1;
-                   D1 = bit_rol(C1, 10);
-                   C1 = B1;
-                   B1 = T;
-                   T = safe_add(A2, rmd160_f(79 - j, B2, C2, D2));
-                   T = safe_add(T, x[i + rmd160_r2[j]]);
-                   T = safe_add(T, rmd160_K2(j));
-                   T = safe_add(bit_rol(T, rmd160_s2[j]), E2);
-                   A2 = E2;
-                   E2 = D2;
-                   D2 = bit_rol(C2, 10);
-                   C2 = B2;
-                   B2 = T;
-                 }
+           return new Promise(function (resolvePromise) {
+             var handle = window.requestIdleCallback(function () {
+               _deferred["delete"](handle); // const t0 = performance.now();
 
-                 T = safe_add(h1, safe_add(C1, D2));
-                 h1 = safe_add(h2, safe_add(D1, E2));
-                 h2 = safe_add(h3, safe_add(E1, A2));
-                 h3 = safe_add(h4, safe_add(A1, B2));
-                 h4 = safe_add(h0, safe_add(B1, C2));
-                 h0 = T;
-               }
-               return [h0, h1, h2, h3, h4];
-             }
 
-             // specific algorithm methods
+               chunk.forEach(resolveLocationSet); // const t1 = performance.now();
+               // console.log('chunk processed in ' + (t1 - t0) + ' ms');
 
-             function rmd160_f(j, x, y, z) {
-               return (0 <= j && j <= 15) ? (x ^ y ^ z) :
-                 (16 <= j && j <= 31) ? (x & y) | (~x & z) :
-                 (32 <= j && j <= 47) ? (x | ~y) ^ z :
-                 (48 <= j && j <= 63) ? (x & z) | (y & ~z) :
-                 (64 <= j && j <= 79) ? x ^ (y | ~z) :
-                 'rmd160_f: j out of range';
-             }
+               resolvePromise();
+             });
 
-             function rmd160_K1(j) {
-               return (0 <= j && j <= 15) ? 0x00000000 :
-                 (16 <= j && j <= 31) ? 0x5a827999 :
-                 (32 <= j && j <= 47) ? 0x6ed9eba1 :
-                 (48 <= j && j <= 63) ? 0x8f1bbcdc :
-                 (64 <= j && j <= 79) ? 0xa953fd4e :
-                 'rmd160_K1: j out of range';
-             }
+             _deferred.add(handle);
+           }).then(function () {
+             return processQueue();
+           });
+         } // Pass an Object with a `locationSet` property,
+         // Performs the locationSet resolution, caches the result, and sets a `locationSetID` property on the object.
+
+
+         function resolveLocationSet(obj) {
+           if (obj.locationSetID) return; // work was done already
+
+           try {
+             var locationSet = obj.locationSet;
 
-             function rmd160_K2(j) {
-               return (0 <= j && j <= 15) ? 0x50a28be6 :
-                 (16 <= j && j <= 31) ? 0x5c4dd124 :
-                 (32 <= j && j <= 47) ? 0x6d703ef3 :
-                 (48 <= j && j <= 63) ? 0x7a6d76e9 :
-                 (64 <= j && j <= 79) ? 0x00000000 :
-                 'rmd160_K2: j out of range';
+             if (!locationSet) {
+               throw new Error('object missing locationSet property');
              }
-           }
-         };
 
-         // exposes Hashes
-         (function(window, undefined$1) {
-           var freeExports = false;
-           {
-             freeExports = exports;
-             if (exports && typeof commonjsGlobal === 'object' && commonjsGlobal && commonjsGlobal === commonjsGlobal.global) {
-               window = commonjsGlobal;
+             if (!locationSet.include) {
+               // missing `include`, default to worldwide include
+               locationSet.include = ['Q2']; // https://github.com/openstreetmap/iD/pull/8305#discussion_r662344647
              }
-           }
 
-           if (typeof undefined$1 === 'function' && typeof undefined$1.amd === 'object' && undefined$1.amd) {
-             // define as an anonymous module, so, through path mapping, it can be aliased
-             undefined$1(function() {
-               return Hashes;
-             });
-           } else if (freeExports) {
-             // in Node.js or RingoJS v0.8.0+
-             if ( module && module.exports === freeExports) {
-               module.exports = Hashes;
+             var resolved = _loco.resolveLocationSet(locationSet);
+
+             var locationSetID = resolved.id;
+             obj.locationSetID = locationSetID;
+
+             if (!resolved.feature.geometry.coordinates.length || !resolved.feature.properties.area) {
+               throw new Error("locationSet ".concat(locationSetID, " resolves to an empty feature."));
              }
-             // in Narwhal or RingoJS v0.7.0-
-             else {
-               freeExports.Hashes = Hashes;
+
+             if (!_resolvedFeatures[locationSetID]) {
+               // First time seeing this locationSet feature
+               var feature = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(resolved.feature)); // deep clone
+
+               feature.id = locationSetID; // Important: always use the locationSet `id` (`+[Q30]`), not the feature `id` (`Q30`)
+
+               feature.properties.id = locationSetID;
+               _resolvedFeatures[locationSetID] = feature; // insert into cache
              }
-           } else {
-             // in a browser or Rhino
-             window.Hashes = Hashes;
+           } catch (err) {
+             obj.locationSet = {
+               include: ['Q2']
+             }; // default worldwide
+
+             obj.locationSetID = '+[Q2]';
            }
-         }(this));
-       }()); // IIFE
-       });
+         } // Rebuilds the whichPolygon index with whatever features have been resolved.
 
-       var immutable = extend$2;
 
-       var hasOwnProperty$3 = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;
+         function rebuildIndex() {
+           _wp = whichPolygon_1({
+             features: Object.values(_resolvedFeatures)
+           });
+         } //
+         // `mergeCustomGeoJSON`
+         //  Accepts an FeatureCollection-like object containing custom locations
+         //  Each feature must have a filename-like `id`, for example: `something.geojson`
+         //
+         //  {
+         //    "type": "FeatureCollection"
+         //    "features": [
+         //      {
+         //        "type": "Feature",
+         //        "id": "philly_metro.geojson",
+         //        "properties": { … },
+         //        "geometry": { … }
+         //      }
+         //    ]
+         //  }
+         //
+
 
-       function extend$2() {
-           var target = {};
+         _this.mergeCustomGeoJSON = function (fc) {
+           if (fc && fc.type === 'FeatureCollection' && Array.isArray(fc.features)) {
+             fc.features.forEach(function (feature) {
+               feature.properties = feature.properties || {};
+               var props = feature.properties; // Get `id` from either `id` or `properties`
 
-           for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
-               var source = arguments[i];
+               var id = feature.id || props.id;
+               if (!id || !/^\S+\.geojson$/i.test(id)) return; // Ensure `id` exists and is lowercase
 
-               for (var key in source) {
-                   if (hasOwnProperty$3.call(source, key)) {
-                       target[key] = source[key];
-                   }
+               id = id.toLowerCase();
+               feature.id = id;
+               props.id = id; // Ensure `area` property exists
+
+               if (!props.area) {
+                 var area = geojsonArea.geometry(feature.geometry) / 1e6; // m² to km²
+
+                 props.area = Number(area.toFixed(2));
                }
+
+               _loco._cache[id] = feature;
+             });
            }
+         }; //
+         // `mergeLocationSets`
+         //  Accepts an Array of Objects containing `locationSet` properties.
+         //  The locationSets will be resolved and indexed in the background.
+         //  [
+         //   { id: 'preset1', locationSet: {…} },
+         //   { id: 'preset2', locationSet: {…} },
+         //   { id: 'preset3', locationSet: {…} },
+         //   …
+         //  ]
+         //  After resolving and indexing, the Objects will be decorated with a
+         //  `locationSetID` property.
+         //  [
+         //   { id: 'preset1', locationSet: {…}, locationSetID: '+[Q2]' },
+         //   { id: 'preset2', locationSet: {…}, locationSetID: '+[Q30]' },
+         //   { id: 'preset3', locationSet: {…}, locationSetID: '+[Q2]' },
+         //   …
+         //  ]
+         //
+         //  Returns a Promise fulfilled when the resolving/indexing has been completed
+         //  This will take some seconds but happen in the background during browser idle time.
+         //
 
-           return target
-       }
 
-       var sha1 = new hashes.SHA1();
+         _this.mergeLocationSets = function (objects) {
+           if (!Array.isArray(objects)) return Promise.reject('nothing to do'); // Resolve all locationSets -> geojson, processing data in chunks
+           //
+           // Because this will happen during idle callbacks, we want to choose a chunk size
+           // that won't make the browser stutter too badly.  LocationSets that are a simple
+           // country coder include will resolve instantly, but ones that involve complex
+           // include/exclude operations will take some milliseconds longer.
+           //
+           // Some discussion and performance results on these tickets:
+           // https://github.com/ideditor/location-conflation/issues/26
+           // https://github.com/osmlab/name-suggestion-index/issues/4784#issuecomment-742003434
 
-       var ohauth = {};
+           _queue = _queue.concat(utilArrayChunk(objects, 200));
 
-       ohauth.qsString = function(obj) {
-           return Object.keys(obj).sort().map(function(key) {
-               return ohauth.percentEncode(key) + '=' +
-                   ohauth.percentEncode(obj[key]);
-           }).join('&');
-       };
+           if (!_inProcess) {
+             _inProcess = processQueue().then(function () {
+               rebuildIndex();
+               _inProcess = null;
+               return objects;
+             });
+           }
 
-       ohauth.stringQs = function(str) {
-           return str.split('&').filter(function (pair) {
-               return pair !== '';
-           }).reduce(function(obj, pair){
-               var parts = pair.split('=');
-               obj[decodeURIComponent(parts[0])] = (null === parts[1]) ?
-                   '' : decodeURIComponent(parts[1]);
-               return obj;
-           }, {});
-       };
+           return _inProcess;
+         }; //
+         // `locationSetID`
+         // Returns a locationSetID for a given locationSet (fallback to `+[Q2]`, world)
+         // (The locationset doesn't necessarily need to be resolved to compute its `id`)
+         //
+         // Arguments
+         //   `locationSet`: A locationSet, e.g. `{ include: ['us'] }`
+         // Returns
+         //   The locationSetID, e.g. `+[Q30]`
+         //
 
-       ohauth.rawxhr = function(method, url, data, headers, callback) {
-           var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest(),
-               twoHundred = /^20\d$/;
-           xhr.onreadystatechange = function() {
-               if (4 === xhr.readyState && 0 !== xhr.status) {
-                   if (twoHundred.test(xhr.status)) callback(null, xhr);
-                   else return callback(xhr, null);
-               }
-           };
-           xhr.onerror = function(e) { return callback(e, null); };
-           xhr.open(method, url, true);
-           for (var h in headers) xhr.setRequestHeader(h, headers[h]);
-           xhr.send(data);
-           return xhr;
-       };
 
-       ohauth.xhr = function(method, url, auth, data, options, callback) {
-           var headers = (options && options.header) || {
-               'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
-           };
-           headers.Authorization = 'OAuth ' + ohauth.authHeader(auth);
-           return ohauth.rawxhr(method, url, data, headers, callback);
-       };
+         _this.locationSetID = function (locationSet) {
+           var locationSetID;
 
-       ohauth.nonce = function() {
-           for (var o = ''; o.length < 6;) {
-               o += '0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXTZabcdefghiklmnopqrstuvwxyz'[Math.floor(Math.random() * 61)];
+           try {
+             locationSetID = _loco.validateLocationSet(locationSet).id;
+           } catch (err) {
+             locationSetID = '+[Q2]'; // the world
            }
-           return o;
-       };
 
-       ohauth.authHeader = function(obj) {
-           return Object.keys(obj).sort().map(function(key) {
-               return encodeURIComponent(key) + '="' + encodeURIComponent(obj[key]) + '"';
-           }).join(', ');
-       };
-
-       ohauth.timestamp = function() { return ~~((+new Date()) / 1000); };
+           return locationSetID;
+         }; //
+         // `feature`
+         // Returns the resolved GeoJSON feature for a given locationSetID (fallback to 'world')
+         //
+         // Arguments
+         //   `locationSetID`: id of the form like `+[Q30]`  (United States)
+         // Returns
+         //   A GeoJSON feature:
+         //   {
+         //     type: 'Feature',
+         //     id: '+[Q30]',
+         //     properties: { id: '+[Q30]', area: 21817019.17, … },
+         //     geometry: { … }
+         //   }
 
-       ohauth.percentEncode = function(s) {
-           return encodeURIComponent(s)
-               .replace(/\!/g, '%21').replace(/\'/g, '%27')
-               .replace(/\*/g, '%2A').replace(/\(/g, '%28').replace(/\)/g, '%29');
-       };
 
-       ohauth.baseString = function(method, url, params) {
-           if (params.oauth_signature) delete params.oauth_signature;
-           return [
-               method,
-               ohauth.percentEncode(url),
-               ohauth.percentEncode(ohauth.qsString(params))].join('&');
-       };
+         _this.feature = function (locationSetID) {
+           return _resolvedFeatures[locationSetID] || _resolvedFeatures['+[Q2]'];
+         }; //
+         // `locationsAt`
+         // Find all the resolved locationSets valid at the given location.
+         // Results include the area (in km²) to facilitate sorting.
+         //
+         // Arguments
+         //   `loc`: the [lon,lat] location to query, e.g. `[-74.4813, 40.7967]`
+         // Returns
+         //   Object of locationSetIDs to areas (in km²)
+         //   {
+         //     "+[Q2]": 511207893.3958111,
+         //     "+[Q30]": 21817019.17,
+         //     "+[new_jersey.geojson]": 22390.77,
+         //     …
+         //   }
+         //
 
-       ohauth.signature = function(oauth_secret, token_secret, baseString) {
-           return sha1.b64_hmac(
-               ohauth.percentEncode(oauth_secret) + '&' +
-               ohauth.percentEncode(token_secret),
-               baseString);
-       };
 
-       /**
-        * Takes an options object for configuration (consumer_key,
-        * consumer_secret, version, signature_method, token, token_secret)
-        * and returns a function that generates the Authorization header
-        * for given data.
-        *
-        * The returned function takes these parameters:
-        * - method: GET/POST/...
-        * - uri: full URI with protocol, port, path and query string
-        * - extra_params: any extra parameters (that are passed in the POST data),
-        *   can be an object or a from-urlencoded string.
-        *
-        * Returned function returns full OAuth header with "OAuth" string in it.
-        */
+         _this.locationsAt = function (loc) {
+           var result = {};
+           (_wp(loc, true) || []).forEach(function (prop) {
+             return result[prop.id] = prop.area;
+           });
+           return result;
+         }; //
+         // `query`
+         // Execute a query directly against which-polygon
+         // https://github.com/mapbox/which-polygon
+         //
+         // Arguments
+         //   `loc`: the [lon,lat] location to query,
+         //   `multi`: `true` to return all results, `false` to return first result
+         // Returns
+         //   Array of GeoJSON *properties* for the locationSet features that exist at `loc`
+         //
 
-       ohauth.headerGenerator = function(options) {
-           options = options || {};
-           var consumer_key = options.consumer_key || '',
-               consumer_secret = options.consumer_secret || '',
-               signature_method = options.signature_method || 'HMAC-SHA1',
-               version = options.version || '1.0',
-               token = options.token || '',
-               token_secret = options.token_secret || '';
 
-           return function(method, uri, extra_params) {
-               method = method.toUpperCase();
-               if (typeof extra_params === 'string' && extra_params.length > 0) {
-                   extra_params = ohauth.stringQs(extra_params);
-               }
+         _this.query = function (loc, multi) {
+           return _wp(loc, multi);
+         }; // Direct access to the location-conflation resolver
 
-               var uri_parts = uri.split('?', 2),
-               base_uri = uri_parts[0];
 
-               var query_params = uri_parts.length === 2 ?
-                   ohauth.stringQs(uri_parts[1]) : {};
+         _this.loco = function () {
+           return _loco;
+         }; // Direct access to the which-polygon index
 
-               var oauth_params = {
-                   oauth_consumer_key: consumer_key,
-                   oauth_signature_method: signature_method,
-                   oauth_version: version,
-                   oauth_timestamp: ohauth.timestamp(),
-                   oauth_nonce: ohauth.nonce()
-               };
 
-               if (token) oauth_params.oauth_token = token;
+         _this.wp = function () {
+           return _wp;
+         };
 
-               var all_params = immutable({}, oauth_params, query_params, extra_params),
-                   base_str = ohauth.baseString(method, base_uri, all_params);
+         return _this;
+       }
 
-               oauth_params.oauth_signature = ohauth.signature(consumer_secret, token_secret, base_str);
+       var $findIndex = arrayIteration.findIndex;
 
-               return 'OAuth ' + ohauth.authHeader(oauth_params);
-           };
-       };
 
-       var ohauth_1 = ohauth;
+       var FIND_INDEX = 'findIndex';
+       var SKIPS_HOLES = true;
 
-       var resolveUrl$1 = createCommonjsModule(function (module, exports) {
-       // Copyright 2014 Simon Lydell
-       // X11 (“MIT”) Licensed. (See LICENSE.)
+       // Shouldn't skip holes
+       if (FIND_INDEX in []) Array(1)[FIND_INDEX](function () { SKIPS_HOLES = false; });
 
-       void (function(root, factory) {
-         {
-           module.exports = factory();
+       // `Array.prototype.findIndex` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-array.prototype.findindex
+       _export({ target: 'Array', proto: true, forced: SKIPS_HOLES }, {
+         findIndex: function findIndex(callbackfn /* , that = undefined */) {
+           return $findIndex(this, callbackfn, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);
          }
-       }(commonjsGlobal, function() {
-
-         function resolveUrl(/* ...urls */) {
-           var numUrls = arguments.length;
+       });
 
-           if (numUrls === 0) {
-             throw new Error("resolveUrl requires at least one argument; got none.")
-           }
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-array.prototype-@@unscopables
+       addToUnscopables(FIND_INDEX);
 
-           var base = document.createElement("base");
-           base.href = arguments[0];
+       var notARegexp = function (it) {
+         if (isRegexp(it)) {
+           throw TypeError("The method doesn't accept regular expressions");
+         } return it;
+       };
 
-           if (numUrls === 1) {
-             return base.href
-           }
+       var MATCH = wellKnownSymbol('match');
 
-           var head = document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0];
-           head.insertBefore(base, head.firstChild);
+       var correctIsRegexpLogic = function (METHOD_NAME) {
+         var regexp = /./;
+         try {
+           '/./'[METHOD_NAME](regexp);
+         } catch (error1) {
+           try {
+             regexp[MATCH] = false;
+             return '/./'[METHOD_NAME](regexp);
+           } catch (error2) { /* empty */ }
+         } return false;
+       };
 
-           var a = document.createElement("a");
-           var resolved;
+       // `String.prototype.includes` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-string.prototype.includes
+       _export({ target: 'String', proto: true, forced: !correctIsRegexpLogic('includes') }, {
+         includes: function includes(searchString /* , position = 0 */) {
+           return !!~String(requireObjectCoercible(this))
+             .indexOf(notARegexp(searchString), arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);
+         }
+       });
 
-           for (var index = 1; index < numUrls; index++) {
-             a.href = arguments[index];
-             resolved = a.href;
-             base.href = resolved;
-           }
+       var _mainLocalizer = coreLocalizer(); // singleton
 
-           head.removeChild(base);
 
-           return resolved
-         }
+       var _t = _mainLocalizer.t;
+       // coreLocalizer manages language and locale parameters including translated strings
+       //
 
-         return resolveUrl
+       function coreLocalizer() {
+         var localizer = {};
+         var _dataLanguages = {}; // `_dataLocales` is an object containing all _supported_ locale codes -> language info.
+         // * `rtl` - right-to-left or left-to-right text direction
+         // * `pct` - the percent of strings translated; 1 = 100%, full coverage
+         //
+         // {
+         // en: { rtl: false, pct: {…} },
+         // de: { rtl: false, pct: {…} },
+         // …
+         // }
 
-       }));
-       });
+         var _dataLocales = {}; // `localeStrings` is an object containing all _loaded_ locale codes -> string data.
+         // {
+         // en: { icons: {…}, toolbar: {…}, modes: {…}, operations: {…}, … },
+         // de: { icons: {…}, toolbar: {…}, modes: {…}, operations: {…}, … },
+         // …
+         // }
 
-       var assign$1 = make_assign();
-       var create$8 = make_create();
-       var trim = make_trim();
-       var Global = (typeof window !== 'undefined' ? window : commonjsGlobal);
+         var _localeStrings = {}; // the current locale
 
-       var util = {
-               assign: assign$1,
-               create: create$8,
-               trim: trim,
-               bind: bind$3,
-               slice: slice$5,
-               each: each,
-               map: map$5,
-               pluck: pluck,
-               isList: isList,
-               isFunction: isFunction$2,
-               isObject: isObject$2,
-               Global: Global
-       };
+         var _localeCode = 'en-US'; // `_localeCodes` must contain `_localeCode` first, optionally followed by fallbacks
 
-       function make_assign() {
-               if (Object.assign) {
-                       return Object.assign
-               } else {
-                       return function shimAssign(obj, props1, props2, etc) {
-                               for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {
-                                       each(Object(arguments[i]), function(val, key) {
-                                               obj[key] = val;
-                                       });
-                               }                       
-                               return obj
-                       }
-               }
-       }
+         var _localeCodes = ['en-US', 'en'];
+         var _languageCode = 'en';
+         var _textDirection = 'ltr';
+         var _usesMetric = false;
+         var _languageNames = {};
+         var _scriptNames = {}; // getters for the current locale parameters
 
-       function make_create() {
-               if (Object.create) {
-                       return function create(obj, assignProps1, assignProps2, etc) {
-                               var assignArgsList = slice$5(arguments, 1);
-                               return assign$1.apply(this, [Object.create(obj)].concat(assignArgsList))
-                       }
-               } else {
-                       function F() {} // eslint-disable-line no-inner-declarations
-                       return function create(obj, assignProps1, assignProps2, etc) {
-                               var assignArgsList = slice$5(arguments, 1);
-                               F.prototype = obj;
-                               return assign$1.apply(this, [new F()].concat(assignArgsList))
-                       }
-               }
-       }
+         localizer.localeCode = function () {
+           return _localeCode;
+         };
 
-       function make_trim() {
-               if (String.prototype.trim) {
-                       return function trim(str) {
-                               return String.prototype.trim.call(str)
-                       }
-               } else {
-                       return function trim(str) {
-                               return str.replace(/^[\s\uFEFF\xA0]+|[\s\uFEFF\xA0]+$/g, '')
-                       }
-               }
-       }
+         localizer.localeCodes = function () {
+           return _localeCodes;
+         };
 
-       function bind$3(obj, fn) {
-               return function() {
-                       return fn.apply(obj, Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 0))
-               }
-       }
+         localizer.languageCode = function () {
+           return _languageCode;
+         };
 
-       function slice$5(arr, index) {
-               return Array.prototype.slice.call(arr, index || 0)
-       }
+         localizer.textDirection = function () {
+           return _textDirection;
+         };
 
-       function each(obj, fn) {
-               pluck(obj, function(val, key) {
-                       fn(val, key);
-                       return false
-               });
-       }
+         localizer.usesMetric = function () {
+           return _usesMetric;
+         };
 
-       function map$5(obj, fn) {
-               var res = (isList(obj) ? [] : {});
-               pluck(obj, function(v, k) {
-                       res[k] = fn(v, k);
-                       return false
-               });
-               return res
-       }
+         localizer.languageNames = function () {
+           return _languageNames;
+         };
 
-       function pluck(obj, fn) {
-               if (isList(obj)) {
-                       for (var i=0; i<obj.length; i++) {
-                               if (fn(obj[i], i)) {
-                                       return obj[i]
-                               }
-                       }
-               } else {
-                       for (var key in obj) {
-                               if (obj.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
-                                       if (fn(obj[key], key)) {
-                                               return obj[key]
-                                       }
-                               }
-                       }
-               }
-       }
+         localizer.scriptNames = function () {
+           return _scriptNames;
+         }; // The client app may want to manually set the locale, regardless of the
+         // settings provided by the browser
 
-       function isList(val) {
-               return (val != null && typeof val != 'function' && typeof val.length == 'number')
-       }
 
-       function isFunction$2(val) {
-               return val && {}.toString.call(val) === '[object Function]'
-       }
+         var _preferredLocaleCodes = [];
 
-       function isObject$2(val) {
-               return val && {}.toString.call(val) === '[object Object]'
-       }
+         localizer.preferredLocaleCodes = function (codes) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _preferredLocaleCodes;
 
-       var slice$6 = util.slice;
-       var pluck$1 = util.pluck;
-       var each$1 = util.each;
-       var bind$4 = util.bind;
-       var create$9 = util.create;
-       var isList$1 = util.isList;
-       var isFunction$3 = util.isFunction;
-       var isObject$3 = util.isObject;
+           if (typeof codes === 'string') {
+             // be generous and accept delimited strings as input
+             _preferredLocaleCodes = codes.split(/,|;| /gi).filter(Boolean);
+           } else {
+             _preferredLocaleCodes = codes;
+           }
 
-       var storeEngine = {
-               createStore: createStore
-       };
+           return localizer;
+         };
 
-       var storeAPI = {
-               version: '2.0.12',
-               enabled: false,
-               
-               // get returns the value of the given key. If that value
-               // is undefined, it returns optionalDefaultValue instead.
-               get: function(key, optionalDefaultValue) {
-                       var data = this.storage.read(this._namespacePrefix + key);
-                       return this._deserialize(data, optionalDefaultValue)
-               },
-
-               // set will store the given value at key and returns value.
-               // Calling set with value === undefined is equivalent to calling remove.
-               set: function(key, value) {
-                       if (value === undefined) {
-                               return this.remove(key)
-                       }
-                       this.storage.write(this._namespacePrefix + key, this._serialize(value));
-                       return value
-               },
-
-               // remove deletes the key and value stored at the given key.
-               remove: function(key) {
-                       this.storage.remove(this._namespacePrefix + key);
-               },
-
-               // each will call the given callback once for each key-value pair
-               // in this store.
-               each: function(callback) {
-                       var self = this;
-                       this.storage.each(function(val, namespacedKey) {
-                               callback.call(self, self._deserialize(val), (namespacedKey || '').replace(self._namespaceRegexp, ''));
-                       });
-               },
-
-               // clearAll will remove all the stored key-value pairs in this store.
-               clearAll: function() {
-                       this.storage.clearAll();
-               },
-
-               // additional functionality that can't live in plugins
-               // ---------------------------------------------------
-
-               // hasNamespace returns true if this store instance has the given namespace.
-               hasNamespace: function(namespace) {
-                       return (this._namespacePrefix == '__storejs_'+namespace+'_')
-               },
-
-               // createStore creates a store.js instance with the first
-               // functioning storage in the list of storage candidates,
-               // and applies the the given mixins to the instance.
-               createStore: function() {
-                       return createStore.apply(this, arguments)
-               },
-               
-               addPlugin: function(plugin) {
-                       this._addPlugin(plugin);
-               },
-               
-               namespace: function(namespace) {
-                       return createStore(this.storage, this.plugins, namespace)
-               }
-       };
+         var _loadPromise;
 
-       function _warn() {
-               var _console = (typeof console == 'undefined' ? null : console);
-               if (!_console) { return }
-               var fn = (_console.warn ? _console.warn : _console.log);
-               fn.apply(_console, arguments);
-       }
-
-       function createStore(storages, plugins, namespace) {
-               if (!namespace) {
-                       namespace = '';
-               }
-               if (storages && !isList$1(storages)) {
-                       storages = [storages];
-               }
-               if (plugins && !isList$1(plugins)) {
-                       plugins = [plugins];
-               }
-
-               var namespacePrefix = (namespace ? '__storejs_'+namespace+'_' : '');
-               var namespaceRegexp = (namespace ? new RegExp('^'+namespacePrefix) : null);
-               var legalNamespaces = /^[a-zA-Z0-9_\-]*$/; // alpha-numeric + underscore and dash
-               if (!legalNamespaces.test(namespace)) {
-                       throw new Error('store.js namespaces can only have alphanumerics + underscores and dashes')
-               }
-               
-               var _privateStoreProps = {
-                       _namespacePrefix: namespacePrefix,
-                       _namespaceRegexp: namespaceRegexp,
-
-                       _testStorage: function(storage) {
-                               try {
-                                       var testStr = '__storejs__test__';
-                                       storage.write(testStr, testStr);
-                                       var ok = (storage.read(testStr) === testStr);
-                                       storage.remove(testStr);
-                                       return ok
-                               } catch(e) {
-                                       return false
-                               }
-                       },
-
-                       _assignPluginFnProp: function(pluginFnProp, propName) {
-                               var oldFn = this[propName];
-                               this[propName] = function pluginFn() {
-                                       var args = slice$6(arguments, 0);
-                                       var self = this;
-
-                                       // super_fn calls the old function which was overwritten by
-                                       // this mixin.
-                                       function super_fn() {
-                                               if (!oldFn) { return }
-                                               each$1(arguments, function(arg, i) {
-                                                       args[i] = arg;
-                                               });
-                                               return oldFn.apply(self, args)
-                                       }
-
-                                       // Give mixing function access to super_fn by prefixing all mixin function
-                                       // arguments with super_fn.
-                                       var newFnArgs = [super_fn].concat(args);
-
-                                       return pluginFnProp.apply(self, newFnArgs)
-                               };
-                       },
-
-                       _serialize: function(obj) {
-                               return JSON.stringify(obj)
-                       },
-
-                       _deserialize: function(strVal, defaultVal) {
-                               if (!strVal) { return defaultVal }
-                               // It is possible that a raw string value has been previously stored
-                               // in a storage without using store.js, meaning it will be a raw
-                               // string value instead of a JSON serialized string. By defaulting
-                               // to the raw string value in case of a JSON parse error, we allow
-                               // for past stored values to be forwards-compatible with store.js
-                               var val = '';
-                               try { val = JSON.parse(strVal); }
-                               catch(e) { val = strVal; }
-
-                               return (val !== undefined ? val : defaultVal)
-                       },
-                       
-                       _addStorage: function(storage) {
-                               if (this.enabled) { return }
-                               if (this._testStorage(storage)) {
-                                       this.storage = storage;
-                                       this.enabled = true;
-                               }
-                       },
-
-                       _addPlugin: function(plugin) {
-                               var self = this;
-
-                               // If the plugin is an array, then add all plugins in the array.
-                               // This allows for a plugin to depend on other plugins.
-                               if (isList$1(plugin)) {
-                                       each$1(plugin, function(plugin) {
-                                               self._addPlugin(plugin);
-                                       });
-                                       return
-                               }
-
-                               // Keep track of all plugins we've seen so far, so that we
-                               // don't add any of them twice.
-                               var seenPlugin = pluck$1(this.plugins, function(seenPlugin) {
-                                       return (plugin === seenPlugin)
-                               });
-                               if (seenPlugin) {
-                                       return
-                               }
-                               this.plugins.push(plugin);
-
-                               // Check that the plugin is properly formed
-                               if (!isFunction$3(plugin)) {
-                                       throw new Error('Plugins must be function values that return objects')
-                               }
-
-                               var pluginProperties = plugin.call(this);
-                               if (!isObject$3(pluginProperties)) {
-                                       throw new Error('Plugins must return an object of function properties')
-                               }
-
-                               // Add the plugin function properties to this store instance.
-                               each$1(pluginProperties, function(pluginFnProp, propName) {
-                                       if (!isFunction$3(pluginFnProp)) {
-                                               throw new Error('Bad plugin property: '+propName+' from plugin '+plugin.name+'. Plugins should only return functions.')
-                                       }
-                                       self._assignPluginFnProp(pluginFnProp, propName);
-                               });
-                       },
-                       
-                       // Put deprecated properties in the private API, so as to not expose it to accidential
-                       // discovery through inspection of the store object.
-                       
-                       // Deprecated: addStorage
-                       addStorage: function(storage) {
-                               _warn('store.addStorage(storage) is deprecated. Use createStore([storages])');
-                               this._addStorage(storage);
-                       }
-               };
-
-               var store = create$9(_privateStoreProps, storeAPI, {
-                       plugins: []
-               });
-               store.raw = {};
-               each$1(store, function(prop, propName) {
-                       if (isFunction$3(prop)) {
-                               store.raw[propName] = bind$4(store, prop);                      
-                       }
-               });
-               each$1(storages, function(storage) {
-                       store._addStorage(storage);
-               });
-               each$1(plugins, function(plugin) {
-                       store._addPlugin(plugin);
-               });
-               return store
-       }
+         localizer.ensureLoaded = function () {
+           if (_loadPromise) return _loadPromise;
+           var filesToFetch = [// load the list of languages
+           'languages', // load the list of supported locales
+           'locales'];
+           var localeDirs = {
+             general: 'locales',
+             tagging: 'https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@openstreetmap/id-tagging-schema@3/dist/translations'
+           };
+           var fileMap = _mainFileFetcher.fileMap();
+
+           for (var scopeId in localeDirs) {
+             var key = "locales_index_".concat(scopeId);
+             fileMap[key] = localeDirs[scopeId] + '/index.min.json';
+             filesToFetch.push(key);
+           }
+
+           return _loadPromise = Promise.all(filesToFetch.map(function (key) {
+             return _mainFileFetcher.get(key);
+           })).then(function (results) {
+             _dataLanguages = results[0];
+             _dataLocales = results[1];
+             var indexes = results.slice(2);
+
+             var requestedLocales = (_preferredLocaleCodes || []). // List of locales preferred by the browser in priority order.
+             concat(utilDetect().browserLocales) // fallback to English since it's the only guaranteed complete language
+             .concat(['en']);
+
+             _localeCodes = localesToUseFrom(requestedLocales); // Run iD in the highest-priority locale; the rest are fallbacks
+
+             _localeCode = _localeCodes[0];
+             var loadStringsPromises = [];
+             indexes.forEach(function (index, i) {
+               // Will always return the index for `en` if nothing else
+               var fullCoverageIndex = _localeCodes.findIndex(function (locale) {
+                 return index[locale] && index[locale].pct === 1;
+               }); // We only need to load locales up until we find one with full coverage
+
+
+               _localeCodes.slice(0, fullCoverageIndex + 1).forEach(function (code) {
+                 var scopeId = Object.keys(localeDirs)[i];
+                 var directory = Object.values(localeDirs)[i];
+                 if (index[code]) loadStringsPromises.push(localizer.loadLocale(code, scopeId, directory));
+               });
+             });
+             return Promise.all(loadStringsPromises);
+           }).then(function () {
+             updateForCurrentLocale();
+           })["catch"](function (err) {
+             return console.error(err);
+           }); // eslint-disable-line
+         }; // Returns the locales from `requestedLocales` supported by iD that we should use
 
-       var Global$1 = util.Global;
 
-       var localStorage_1 = {
-               name: 'localStorage',
-               read: read,
-               write: write,
-               each: each$2,
-               remove: remove$2,
-               clearAll: clearAll,
-       };
+         function localesToUseFrom(requestedLocales) {
+           var supportedLocales = _dataLocales;
+           var toUse = [];
 
-       function localStorage$1() {
-               return Global$1.localStorage
-       }
+           for (var i in requestedLocales) {
+             var locale = requestedLocales[i];
+             if (supportedLocales[locale]) toUse.push(locale);
 
-       function read(key) {
-               return localStorage$1().getItem(key)
-       }
+             if (locale.includes('-')) {
+               // Full locale ('es-ES'), add fallback to the base ('es')
+               var langPart = locale.split('-')[0];
+               if (supportedLocales[langPart]) toUse.push(langPart);
+             }
+           } // remove duplicates
 
-       function write(key, data) {
-               return localStorage$1().setItem(key, data)
-       }
 
-       function each$2(fn) {
-               for (var i = localStorage$1().length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-                       var key = localStorage$1().key(i);
-                       fn(read(key), key);
-               }
-       }
+           return utilArrayUniq(toUse);
+         }
 
-       function remove$2(key) {
-               return localStorage$1().removeItem(key)
-       }
+         function updateForCurrentLocale() {
+           if (!_localeCode) return;
+           _languageCode = _localeCode.split('-')[0];
+           var currentData = _dataLocales[_localeCode] || _dataLocales[_languageCode];
+           var hash = utilStringQs(window.location.hash);
 
-       function clearAll() {
-               return localStorage$1().clear()
-       }
+           if (hash.rtl === 'true') {
+             _textDirection = 'rtl';
+           } else if (hash.rtl === 'false') {
+             _textDirection = 'ltr';
+           } else {
+             _textDirection = currentData && currentData.rtl ? 'rtl' : 'ltr';
+           }
 
-       // oldFF-globalStorage provides storage for Firefox
-       // versions 6 and 7, where no localStorage, etc
-       // is available.
+           var locale = _localeCode;
+           if (locale.toLowerCase() === 'en-us') locale = 'en';
+           _languageNames = _localeStrings.general[locale].languageNames;
+           _scriptNames = _localeStrings.general[locale].scriptNames;
+           _usesMetric = _localeCode.slice(-3).toLowerCase() !== '-us';
+         }
+         /* Locales */
+         // Returns a Promise to load the strings for the requested locale
 
 
-       var Global$2 = util.Global;
+         localizer.loadLocale = function (locale, scopeId, directory) {
+           // US English is the default
+           if (locale.toLowerCase() === 'en-us') locale = 'en';
 
-       var oldFFGlobalStorage = {
-               name: 'oldFF-globalStorage',
-               read: read$1,
-               write: write$1,
-               each: each$3,
-               remove: remove$3,
-               clearAll: clearAll$1,
-       };
+           if (_localeStrings[scopeId] && _localeStrings[scopeId][locale]) {
+             // already loaded
+             return Promise.resolve(locale);
+           }
 
-       var globalStorage = Global$2.globalStorage;
+           var fileMap = _mainFileFetcher.fileMap();
+           var key = "locale_".concat(scopeId, "_").concat(locale);
+           fileMap[key] = "".concat(directory, "/").concat(locale, ".min.json");
+           return _mainFileFetcher.get(key).then(function (d) {
+             if (!_localeStrings[scopeId]) _localeStrings[scopeId] = {};
+             _localeStrings[scopeId][locale] = d[locale];
+             return locale;
+           });
+         };
 
-       function read$1(key) {
-               return globalStorage[key]
-       }
+         localizer.pluralRule = function (number) {
+           return pluralRule(number, _localeCode);
+         }; // Returns the plural rule for the given `number` with the given `localeCode`.
+         // One of: `zero`, `one`, `two`, `few`, `many`, `other`
 
-       function write$1(key, data) {
-               globalStorage[key] = data;
-       }
 
-       function each$3(fn) {
-               for (var i = globalStorage.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-                       var key = globalStorage.key(i);
-                       fn(globalStorage[key], key);
-               }
-       }
+         function pluralRule(number, localeCode) {
+           // modern browsers have this functionality built-in
+           var rules = 'Intl' in window && Intl.PluralRules && new Intl.PluralRules(localeCode);
 
-       function remove$3(key) {
-               return globalStorage.removeItem(key)
-       }
+           if (rules) {
+             return rules.select(number);
+           } // fallback to basic one/other, as in English
 
-       function clearAll$1() {
-               each$3(function(key, _) {
-                       delete globalStorage[key];
-               });
-       }
 
-       // oldIE-userDataStorage provides storage for Internet Explorer
-       // versions 6 and 7, where no localStorage, sessionStorage, etc
-       // is available.
+           if (number === 1) return 'one';
+           return 'other';
+         }
+         /**
+         * Try to find that string in `locale` or the current `_localeCode` matching
+         * the given `stringId`. If no string can be found in the requested locale,
+         * we'll recurse down all the `_localeCodes` until one is found.
+         *
+         * @param  {string}   stringId      string identifier
+         * @param  {object?}  replacements  token replacements and default string
+         * @param  {string?}  locale        locale to use (defaults to currentLocale)
+         * @return {string?}  localized string
+         */
 
 
-       var Global$3 = util.Global;
+         localizer.tInfo = function (origStringId, replacements, locale) {
+           var stringId = origStringId.trim();
+           var scopeId = 'general';
 
-       var oldIEUserDataStorage = {
-               name: 'oldIE-userDataStorage',
-               write: write$2,
-               read: read$2,
-               each: each$4,
-               remove: remove$4,
-               clearAll: clearAll$2,
-       };
+           if (stringId[0] === '_') {
+             var split = stringId.split('.');
+             scopeId = split[0].slice(1);
+             stringId = split.slice(1).join('.');
+           }
 
-       var storageName = 'storejs';
-       var doc = Global$3.document;
-       var _withStorageEl = _makeIEStorageElFunction();
-       var disable = (Global$3.navigator ? Global$3.navigator.userAgent : '').match(/ (MSIE 8|MSIE 9|MSIE 10)\./); // MSIE 9.x, MSIE 10.x
+           locale = locale || _localeCode;
+           var path = stringId.split('.').map(function (s) {
+             return s.replace(/<TX_DOT>/g, '.');
+           }).reverse();
+           var stringsKey = locale; // US English is the default
 
-       function write$2(unfixedKey, data) {
-               if (disable) { return }
-               var fixedKey = fixKey(unfixedKey);
-               _withStorageEl(function(storageEl) {
-                       storageEl.setAttribute(fixedKey, data);
-                       storageEl.save(storageName);
-               });
-       }
+           if (stringsKey.toLowerCase() === 'en-us') stringsKey = 'en';
+           var result = _localeStrings && _localeStrings[scopeId] && _localeStrings[scopeId][stringsKey];
 
-       function read$2(unfixedKey) {
-               if (disable) { return }
-               var fixedKey = fixKey(unfixedKey);
-               var res = null;
-               _withStorageEl(function(storageEl) {
-                       res = storageEl.getAttribute(fixedKey);
-               });
-               return res
-       }
+           while (result !== undefined && path.length) {
+             result = result[path.pop()];
+           }
 
-       function each$4(callback) {
-               _withStorageEl(function(storageEl) {
-                       var attributes = storageEl.XMLDocument.documentElement.attributes;
-                       for (var i=attributes.length-1; i>=0; i--) {
-                               var attr = attributes[i];
-                               callback(storageEl.getAttribute(attr.name), attr.name);
-                       }
-               });
-       }
+           if (result !== undefined) {
+             if (replacements) {
+               if (_typeof(result) === 'object' && Object.keys(result).length) {
+                 // If plural forms are provided, dig one level deeper based on the
+                 // first numeric token replacement provided.
+                 var number = Object.values(replacements).find(function (value) {
+                   return typeof value === 'number';
+                 });
 
-       function remove$4(unfixedKey) {
-               var fixedKey = fixKey(unfixedKey);
-               _withStorageEl(function(storageEl) {
-                       storageEl.removeAttribute(fixedKey);
-                       storageEl.save(storageName);
-               });
-       }
+                 if (number !== undefined) {
+                   var rule = pluralRule(number, locale);
 
-       function clearAll$2() {
-               _withStorageEl(function(storageEl) {
-                       var attributes = storageEl.XMLDocument.documentElement.attributes;
-                       storageEl.load(storageName);
-                       for (var i=attributes.length-1; i>=0; i--) {
-                               storageEl.removeAttribute(attributes[i].name);
-                       }
-                       storageEl.save(storageName);
-               });
-       }
+                   if (result[rule]) {
+                     result = result[rule];
+                   } else {
+                     // We're pretty sure this should be a plural but no string
+                     // could be found for the given rule. Just pick the first
+                     // string and hope it makes sense.
+                     result = Object.values(result)[0];
+                   }
+                 }
+               }
 
-       // Helpers
-       //////////
+               if (typeof result === 'string') {
+                 for (var key in replacements) {
+                   var value = replacements[key];
 
-       // In IE7, keys cannot start with a digit or contain certain chars.
-       // See https://github.com/marcuswestin/store.js/issues/40
-       // See https://github.com/marcuswestin/store.js/issues/83
-       var forbiddenCharsRegex = new RegExp("[!\"#$%&'()*+,/\\\\:;<=>?@[\\]^`{|}~]", "g");
-       function fixKey(key) {
-               return key.replace(/^\d/, '___$&').replace(forbiddenCharsRegex, '___')
-       }
+                   if (typeof value === 'number') {
+                     if (value.toLocaleString) {
+                       // format numbers for the locale
+                       value = value.toLocaleString(locale, {
+                         style: 'decimal',
+                         useGrouping: true,
+                         minimumFractionDigits: 0
+                       });
+                     } else {
+                       value = value.toString();
+                     }
+                   }
 
-       function _makeIEStorageElFunction() {
-               if (!doc || !doc.documentElement || !doc.documentElement.addBehavior) {
-                       return null
-               }
-               var scriptTag = 'script',
-                       storageOwner,
-                       storageContainer,
-                       storageEl;
-
-               // Since #userData storage applies only to specific paths, we need to
-               // somehow link our data to a specific path.  We choose /favicon.ico
-               // as a pretty safe option, since all browsers already make a request to
-               // this URL anyway and being a 404 will not hurt us here.  We wrap an
-               // iframe pointing to the favicon in an ActiveXObject(htmlfile) object
-               // (see: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa752574(v=VS.85).aspx)
-               // since the iframe access rules appear to allow direct access and
-               // manipulation of the document element, even for a 404 page.  This
-               // document can be used instead of the current document (which would
-               // have been limited to the current path) to perform #userData storage.
-               try {
-                       /* global ActiveXObject */
-                       storageContainer = new ActiveXObject('htmlfile');
-                       storageContainer.open();
-                       storageContainer.write('<'+scriptTag+'>document.w=window</'+scriptTag+'><iframe src="/favicon.ico"></iframe>');
-                       storageContainer.close();
-                       storageOwner = storageContainer.w.frames[0].document;
-                       storageEl = storageOwner.createElement('div');
-               } catch(e) {
-                       // somehow ActiveXObject instantiation failed (perhaps some special
-                       // security settings or otherwse), fall back to per-path storage
-                       storageEl = doc.createElement('div');
-                       storageOwner = doc.body;
-               }
-
-               return function(storeFunction) {
-                       var args = [].slice.call(arguments, 0);
-                       args.unshift(storageEl);
-                       // See http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms531081(v=VS.85).aspx
-                       // and http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms531424(v=VS.85).aspx
-                       storageOwner.appendChild(storageEl);
-                       storageEl.addBehavior('#default#userData');
-                       storageEl.load(storageName);
-                       storeFunction.apply(this, args);
-                       storageOwner.removeChild(storageEl);
-                       return
-               }
-       }
-
-       // cookieStorage is useful Safari private browser mode, where localStorage
-       // doesn't work but cookies do. This implementation is adopted from
-       // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Storage/LocalStorage
+                   var token = "{".concat(key, "}");
+                   var regex = new RegExp(token, 'g');
+                   result = result.replace(regex, value);
+                 }
+               }
+             }
 
+             if (typeof result === 'string') {
+               // found a localized string!
+               return {
+                 text: result,
+                 locale: locale
+               };
+             }
+           } // no localized string found...
+           // attempt to fallback to a lower-priority language
 
-       var Global$4 = util.Global;
-       var trim$1 = util.trim;
 
-       var cookieStorage = {
-               name: 'cookieStorage',
-               read: read$3,
-               write: write$3,
-               each: each$5,
-               remove: remove$5,
-               clearAll: clearAll$3,
-       };
+           var index = _localeCodes.indexOf(locale);
 
-       var doc$1 = Global$4.document;
+           if (index >= 0 && index < _localeCodes.length - 1) {
+             // eventually this will be 'en' or another locale with 100% coverage
+             var fallback = _localeCodes[index + 1];
+             return localizer.tInfo(origStringId, replacements, fallback);
+           }
 
-       function read$3(key) {
-               if (!key || !_has(key)) { return null }
-               var regexpStr = "(?:^|.*;\\s*)" +
-                       escape(key).replace(/[\-\.\+\*]/g, "\\$&") +
-                       "\\s*\\=\\s*((?:[^;](?!;))*[^;]?).*";
-               return unescape(doc$1.cookie.replace(new RegExp(regexpStr), "$1"))
-       }
+           if (replacements && 'default' in replacements) {
+             // Fallback to a default value if one is specified in `replacements`
+             return {
+               text: replacements["default"],
+               locale: null
+             };
+           }
 
-       function each$5(callback) {
-               var cookies = doc$1.cookie.split(/; ?/g);
-               for (var i = cookies.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-                       if (!trim$1(cookies[i])) {
-                               continue
-                       }
-                       var kvp = cookies[i].split('=');
-                       var key = unescape(kvp[0]);
-                       var val = unescape(kvp[1]);
-                       callback(val, key);
-               }
-       }
+           var missing = "Missing ".concat(locale, " translation: ").concat(origStringId);
+           if (typeof console !== 'undefined') console.error(missing); // eslint-disable-line
 
-       function write$3(key, data) {
-               if(!key) { return }
-               doc$1.cookie = escape(key) + "=" + escape(data) + "; expires=Tue, 19 Jan 2038 03:14:07 GMT; path=/";
-       }
+           return {
+             text: missing,
+             locale: 'en'
+           };
+         };
 
-       function remove$5(key) {
-               if (!key || !_has(key)) {
-                       return
-               }
-               doc$1.cookie = escape(key) + "=; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT; path=/";
-       }
+         localizer.hasTextForStringId = function (stringId) {
+           return !!localizer.tInfo(stringId, {
+             "default": 'nothing found'
+           }).locale;
+         }; // Returns only the localized text, discarding the locale info
 
-       function clearAll$3() {
-               each$5(function(_, key) {
-                       remove$5(key);
-               });
-       }
 
-       function _has(key) {
-               return (new RegExp("(?:^|;\\s*)" + escape(key).replace(/[\-\.\+\*]/g, "\\$&") + "\\s*\\=")).test(doc$1.cookie)
-       }
+         localizer.t = function (stringId, replacements, locale) {
+           return localizer.tInfo(stringId, replacements, locale).text;
+         }; // Returns the localized text wrapped in an HTML element encoding the locale info
 
-       var Global$5 = util.Global;
 
-       var sessionStorage_1 = {
-               name: 'sessionStorage',
-               read: read$4,
-               write: write$4,
-               each: each$6,
-               remove: remove$6,
-               clearAll: clearAll$4
-       };
+         localizer.t.html = function (stringId, replacements, locale) {
+           var info = localizer.tInfo(stringId, replacements, locale); // text may be empty or undefined if `replacements.default` is
 
-       function sessionStorage() {
-               return Global$5.sessionStorage
-       }
+           return info.text ? localizer.htmlForLocalizedText(info.text, info.locale) : '';
+         };
 
-       function read$4(key) {
-               return sessionStorage().getItem(key)
-       }
+         localizer.htmlForLocalizedText = function (text, localeCode) {
+           return "<span class=\"localized-text\" lang=\"".concat(localeCode || 'unknown', "\">").concat(text, "</span>");
+         };
 
-       function write$4(key, data) {
-               return sessionStorage().setItem(key, data)
-       }
+         localizer.languageName = function (code, options) {
+           if (_languageNames[code]) {
+             // name in locale language
+             // e.g. "German"
+             return _languageNames[code];
+           } // sometimes we only want the local name
 
-       function each$6(fn) {
-               for (var i = sessionStorage().length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-                       var key = sessionStorage().key(i);
-                       fn(read$4(key), key);
-               }
-       }
 
-       function remove$6(key) {
-               return sessionStorage().removeItem(key)
-       }
+           if (options && options.localOnly) return null;
+           var langInfo = _dataLanguages[code];
 
-       function clearAll$4() {
-               return sessionStorage().clear()
-       }
+           if (langInfo) {
+             if (langInfo.nativeName) {
+               // name in native language
+               // e.g. "Deutsch (de)"
+               return localizer.t('translate.language_and_code', {
+                 language: langInfo.nativeName,
+                 code: code
+               });
+             } else if (langInfo.base && langInfo.script) {
+               var base = langInfo.base; // the code of the language this is based on
 
-       // memoryStorage is a useful last fallback to ensure that the store
-       // is functions (meaning store.get(), store.set(), etc will all function).
-       // However, stored values will not persist when the browser navigates to
-       // a new page or reloads the current page.
+               if (_languageNames[base]) {
+                 // base language name in locale language
+                 var scriptCode = langInfo.script;
+                 var script = _scriptNames[scriptCode] || scriptCode; // e.g. "Serbian (Cyrillic)"
 
-       var memoryStorage_1 = {
-               name: 'memoryStorage',
-               read: read$5,
-               write: write$5,
-               each: each$7,
-               remove: remove$7,
-               clearAll: clearAll$5,
-       };
+                 return localizer.t('translate.language_and_code', {
+                   language: _languageNames[base],
+                   code: script
+                 });
+               } else if (_dataLanguages[base] && _dataLanguages[base].nativeName) {
+                 // e.g. "српски (sr-Cyrl)"
+                 return localizer.t('translate.language_and_code', {
+                   language: _dataLanguages[base].nativeName,
+                   code: code
+                 });
+               }
+             }
+           }
 
-       var memoryStorage = {};
+           return code; // if not found, use the code
+         };
 
-       function read$5(key) {
-               return memoryStorage[key]
+         return localizer;
        }
 
-       function write$5(key, data) {
-               memoryStorage[key] = data;
-       }
+       // `presetCollection` is a wrapper around an `Array` of presets `collection`,
+       // and decorated with some extra methods for searching and matching geometry
+       //
 
-       function each$7(callback) {
-               for (var key in memoryStorage) {
-                       if (memoryStorage.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
-                               callback(memoryStorage[key], key);
-                       }
-               }
-       }
+       function presetCollection(collection) {
+         var MAXRESULTS = 50;
+         var _this = {};
+         var _memo = {};
+         _this.collection = collection;
 
-       function remove$7(key) {
-               delete memoryStorage[key];
-       }
+         _this.item = function (id) {
+           if (_memo[id]) return _memo[id];
 
-       function clearAll$5(key) {
-               memoryStorage = {};
-       }
+           var found = _this.collection.find(function (d) {
+             return d.id === id;
+           });
 
-       var all = [
-               // Listed in order of usage preference
-               localStorage_1,
-               oldFFGlobalStorage,
-               oldIEUserDataStorage,
-               cookieStorage,
-               sessionStorage_1,
-               memoryStorage_1
-       ];
+           if (found) _memo[id] = found;
+           return found;
+         };
 
-       /* eslint-disable */
+         _this.index = function (id) {
+           return _this.collection.findIndex(function (d) {
+             return d.id === id;
+           });
+         };
 
-       //  json2.js
-       //  2016-10-28
-       //  Public Domain.
-       //  NO WARRANTY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. USE AT YOUR OWN RISK.
-       //  See http://www.JSON.org/js.html
-       //  This code should be minified before deployment.
-       //  See http://javascript.crockford.com/jsmin.html
+         _this.matchGeometry = function (geometry) {
+           return presetCollection(_this.collection.filter(function (d) {
+             return d.matchGeometry(geometry);
+           }));
+         };
 
-       //  USE YOUR OWN COPY. IT IS EXTREMELY UNWISE TO LOAD CODE FROM SERVERS YOU DO
-       //  NOT CONTROL.
+         _this.matchAllGeometry = function (geometries) {
+           return presetCollection(_this.collection.filter(function (d) {
+             return d && d.matchAllGeometry(geometries);
+           }));
+         };
 
-       //  This file creates a global JSON object containing two methods: stringify
-       //  and parse. This file provides the ES5 JSON capability to ES3 systems.
-       //  If a project might run on IE8 or earlier, then this file should be included.
-       //  This file does nothing on ES5 systems.
+         _this.matchAnyGeometry = function (geometries) {
+           return presetCollection(_this.collection.filter(function (d) {
+             return geometries.some(function (geom) {
+               return d.matchGeometry(geom);
+             });
+           }));
+         };
 
-       //      JSON.stringify(value, replacer, space)
-       //          value       any JavaScript value, usually an object or array.
-       //          replacer    an optional parameter that determines how object
-       //                      values are stringified for objects. It can be a
-       //                      function or an array of strings.
-       //          space       an optional parameter that specifies the indentation
-       //                      of nested structures. If it is omitted, the text will
-       //                      be packed without extra whitespace. If it is a number,
-       //                      it will specify the number of spaces to indent at each
-       //                      level. If it is a string (such as "\t" or "&nbsp;"),
-       //                      it contains the characters used to indent at each level.
-       //          This method produces a JSON text from a JavaScript value.
-       //          When an object value is found, if the object contains a toJSON
-       //          method, its toJSON method will be called and the result will be
-       //          stringified. A toJSON method does not serialize: it returns the
-       //          value represented by the name/value pair that should be serialized,
-       //          or undefined if nothing should be serialized. The toJSON method
-       //          will be passed the key associated with the value, and this will be
-       //          bound to the value.
+         _this.fallback = function (geometry) {
+           var id = geometry;
+           if (id === 'vertex') id = 'point';
+           return _this.item(id);
+         };
 
-       //          For example, this would serialize Dates as ISO strings.
+         _this.search = function (value, geometry, loc) {
+           if (!value) return _this; // don't remove diacritical characters since we're assuming the user is being intentional
 
-       //              Date.prototype.toJSON = function (key) {
-       //                  function f(n) {
-       //                      // Format integers to have at least two digits.
-       //                      return (n < 10)
-       //                          ? "0" + n
-       //                          : n;
-       //                  }
-       //                  return this.getUTCFullYear()   + "-" +
-       //                       f(this.getUTCMonth() + 1) + "-" +
-       //                       f(this.getUTCDate())      + "T" +
-       //                       f(this.getUTCHours())     + ":" +
-       //                       f(this.getUTCMinutes())   + ":" +
-       //                       f(this.getUTCSeconds())   + "Z";
-       //              };
+           value = value.toLowerCase().trim(); // match at name beginning or just after a space (e.g. "office" -> match "Law Office")
 
-       //          You can provide an optional replacer method. It will be passed the
-       //          key and value of each member, with this bound to the containing
-       //          object. The value that is returned from your method will be
-       //          serialized. If your method returns undefined, then the member will
-       //          be excluded from the serialization.
+           function leading(a) {
+             var index = a.indexOf(value);
+             return index === 0 || a[index - 1] === ' ';
+           } // match at name beginning only
 
-       //          If the replacer parameter is an array of strings, then it will be
-       //          used to select the members to be serialized. It filters the results
-       //          such that only members with keys listed in the replacer array are
-       //          stringified.
 
-       //          Values that do not have JSON representations, such as undefined or
-       //          functions, will not be serialized. Such values in objects will be
-       //          dropped; in arrays they will be replaced with null. You can use
-       //          a replacer function to replace those with JSON values.
+           function leadingStrict(a) {
+             var index = a.indexOf(value);
+             return index === 0;
+           }
 
-       //          JSON.stringify(undefined) returns undefined.
+           function sortPresets(nameProp) {
+             return function sortNames(a, b) {
+               var aCompare = a[nameProp]();
+               var bCompare = b[nameProp](); // priority if search string matches preset name exactly - #4325
 
-       //          The optional space parameter produces a stringification of the
-       //          value that is filled with line breaks and indentation to make it
-       //          easier to read.
+               if (value === aCompare) return -1;
+               if (value === bCompare) return 1; // priority for higher matchScore
 
-       //          If the space parameter is a non-empty string, then that string will
-       //          be used for indentation. If the space parameter is a number, then
-       //          the indentation will be that many spaces.
+               var i = b.originalScore - a.originalScore;
+               if (i !== 0) return i; // priority if search string appears earlier in preset name
 
-       //          Example:
+               i = aCompare.indexOf(value) - bCompare.indexOf(value);
+               if (i !== 0) return i; // priority for shorter preset names
 
-       //          text = JSON.stringify(["e", {pluribus: "unum"}]);
-       //          // text is '["e",{"pluribus":"unum"}]'
+               return aCompare.length - bCompare.length;
+             };
+           }
 
-       //          text = JSON.stringify(["e", {pluribus: "unum"}], null, "\t");
-       //          // text is '[\n\t"e",\n\t{\n\t\t"pluribus": "unum"\n\t}\n]'
+           var pool = _this.collection;
 
-       //          text = JSON.stringify([new Date()], function (key, value) {
-       //              return this[key] instanceof Date
-       //                  ? "Date(" + this[key] + ")"
-       //                  : value;
-       //          });
-       //          // text is '["Date(---current time---)"]'
+           if (Array.isArray(loc)) {
+             var validLocations = _mainLocations.locationsAt(loc);
+             pool = pool.filter(function (a) {
+               return !a.locationSetID || validLocations[a.locationSetID];
+             });
+           }
 
-       //      JSON.parse(text, reviver)
-       //          This method parses a JSON text to produce an object or array.
-       //          It can throw a SyntaxError exception.
+           var searchable = pool.filter(function (a) {
+             return a.searchable !== false && a.suggestion !== true;
+           });
+           var suggestions = pool.filter(function (a) {
+             return a.suggestion === true;
+           }); // matches value to preset.name
+
+           var leadingNames = searchable.filter(function (a) {
+             return leading(a.searchName());
+           }).sort(sortPresets('searchName')); // matches value to preset suggestion name
+
+           var leadingSuggestions = suggestions.filter(function (a) {
+             return leadingStrict(a.searchName());
+           }).sort(sortPresets('searchName'));
+           var leadingNamesStripped = searchable.filter(function (a) {
+             return leading(a.searchNameStripped());
+           }).sort(sortPresets('searchNameStripped'));
+           var leadingSuggestionsStripped = suggestions.filter(function (a) {
+             return leadingStrict(a.searchNameStripped());
+           }).sort(sortPresets('searchNameStripped')); // matches value to preset.terms values
+
+           var leadingTerms = searchable.filter(function (a) {
+             return (a.terms() || []).some(leading);
+           });
+           var leadingSuggestionTerms = suggestions.filter(function (a) {
+             return (a.terms() || []).some(leading);
+           }); // matches value to preset.tags values
 
-       //          The optional reviver parameter is a function that can filter and
-       //          transform the results. It receives each of the keys and values,
-       //          and its return value is used instead of the original value.
-       //          If it returns what it received, then the structure is not modified.
-       //          If it returns undefined then the member is deleted.
+           var leadingTagValues = searchable.filter(function (a) {
+             return Object.values(a.tags || {}).filter(function (val) {
+               return val !== '*';
+             }).some(leading);
+           }); // finds close matches to value in preset.name
 
-       //          Example:
+           var similarName = searchable.map(function (a) {
+             return {
+               preset: a,
+               dist: utilEditDistance(value, a.searchName())
+             };
+           }).filter(function (a) {
+             return a.dist + Math.min(value.length - a.preset.searchName().length, 0) < 3;
+           }).sort(function (a, b) {
+             return a.dist - b.dist;
+           }).map(function (a) {
+             return a.preset;
+           }); // finds close matches to value to preset suggestion name
+
+           var similarSuggestions = suggestions.map(function (a) {
+             return {
+               preset: a,
+               dist: utilEditDistance(value, a.searchName())
+             };
+           }).filter(function (a) {
+             return a.dist + Math.min(value.length - a.preset.searchName().length, 0) < 1;
+           }).sort(function (a, b) {
+             return a.dist - b.dist;
+           }).map(function (a) {
+             return a.preset;
+           }); // finds close matches to value in preset.terms
+
+           var similarTerms = searchable.filter(function (a) {
+             return (a.terms() || []).some(function (b) {
+               return utilEditDistance(value, b) + Math.min(value.length - b.length, 0) < 3;
+             });
+           });
+           var results = leadingNames.concat(leadingSuggestions, leadingNamesStripped, leadingSuggestionsStripped, leadingTerms, leadingSuggestionTerms, leadingTagValues, similarName, similarSuggestions, similarTerms).slice(0, MAXRESULTS - 1);
 
-       //          // Parse the text. Values that look like ISO date strings will
-       //          // be converted to Date objects.
+           if (geometry) {
+             if (typeof geometry === 'string') {
+               results.push(_this.fallback(geometry));
+             } else {
+               geometry.forEach(function (geom) {
+                 return results.push(_this.fallback(geom));
+               });
+             }
+           }
 
-       //          myData = JSON.parse(text, function (key, value) {
-       //              var a;
-       //              if (typeof value === "string") {
-       //                  a =
-       //   /^(\d{4})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})T(\d{2}):(\d{2}):(\d{2}(?:\.\d*)?)Z$/.exec(value);
-       //                  if (a) {
-       //                      return new Date(Date.UTC(+a[1], +a[2] - 1, +a[3], +a[4],
-       //                          +a[5], +a[6]));
-       //                  }
-       //              }
-       //              return value;
-       //          });
+           return presetCollection(utilArrayUniq(results));
+         };
 
-       //          myData = JSON.parse('["Date(09/09/2001)"]', function (key, value) {
-       //              var d;
-       //              if (typeof value === "string" &&
-       //                      value.slice(0, 5) === "Date(" &&
-       //                      value.slice(-1) === ")") {
-       //                  d = new Date(value.slice(5, -1));
-       //                  if (d) {
-       //                      return d;
-       //                  }
-       //              }
-       //              return value;
-       //          });
+         return _this;
+       }
 
-       //  This is a reference implementation. You are free to copy, modify, or
-       //  redistribute.
+       // `presetCategory` builds a `presetCollection` of member presets,
+       // decorated with some extra methods for searching and matching geometry
+       //
 
-       /*jslint
-           eval, for, this
-       */
+       function presetCategory(categoryID, category, allPresets) {
+         var _this = Object.assign({}, category); // shallow copy
 
-       /*property
-           JSON, apply, call, charCodeAt, getUTCDate, getUTCFullYear, getUTCHours,
-           getUTCMinutes, getUTCMonth, getUTCSeconds, hasOwnProperty, join,
-           lastIndex, length, parse, prototype, push, replace, slice, stringify,
-           test, toJSON, toString, valueOf
-       */
 
+         var _searchName; // cache
 
-       // Create a JSON object only if one does not already exist. We create the
-       // methods in a closure to avoid creating global variables.
 
-       if (typeof JSON !== "object") {
-           JSON = {};
-       }
+         var _searchNameStripped; // cache
 
-       (function () {
 
-           var rx_one = /^[\],:{}\s]*$/;
-           var rx_two = /\\(?:["\\\/bfnrt]|u[0-9a-fA-F]{4})/g;
-           var rx_three = /"[^"\\\n\r]*"|true|false|null|-?\d+(?:\.\d*)?(?:[eE][+\-]?\d+)?/g;
-           var rx_four = /(?:^|:|,)(?:\s*\[)+/g;
-           var rx_escapable = /[\\"\u0000-\u001f\u007f-\u009f\u00ad\u0600-\u0604\u070f\u17b4\u17b5\u200c-\u200f\u2028-\u202f\u2060-\u206f\ufeff\ufff0-\uffff]/g;
-           var rx_dangerous = /[\u0000\u00ad\u0600-\u0604\u070f\u17b4\u17b5\u200c-\u200f\u2028-\u202f\u2060-\u206f\ufeff\ufff0-\uffff]/g;
+         _this.id = categoryID;
+         _this.members = presetCollection((category.members || []).map(function (presetID) {
+           return allPresets[presetID];
+         }).filter(Boolean));
+         _this.geometry = _this.members.collection.reduce(function (acc, preset) {
+           for (var i in preset.geometry) {
+             var geometry = preset.geometry[i];
 
-           function f(n) {
-               // Format integers to have at least two digits.
-               return n < 10
-                   ? "0" + n
-                   : n;
+             if (acc.indexOf(geometry) === -1) {
+               acc.push(geometry);
+             }
            }
 
-           function this_value() {
-               return this.valueOf();
-           }
+           return acc;
+         }, []);
 
-           if (typeof Date.prototype.toJSON !== "function") {
+         _this.matchGeometry = function (geom) {
+           return _this.geometry.indexOf(geom) >= 0;
+         };
 
-               Date.prototype.toJSON = function () {
+         _this.matchAllGeometry = function (geometries) {
+           return _this.members.collection.some(function (preset) {
+             return preset.matchAllGeometry(geometries);
+           });
+         };
 
-                   return isFinite(this.valueOf())
-                       ? this.getUTCFullYear() + "-" +
-                               f(this.getUTCMonth() + 1) + "-" +
-                               f(this.getUTCDate()) + "T" +
-                               f(this.getUTCHours()) + ":" +
-                               f(this.getUTCMinutes()) + ":" +
-                               f(this.getUTCSeconds()) + "Z"
-                       : null;
-               };
+         _this.matchScore = function () {
+           return -1;
+         };
 
-               Boolean.prototype.toJSON = this_value;
-               Number.prototype.toJSON = this_value;
-               String.prototype.toJSON = this_value;
-           }
+         _this.name = function () {
+           return _t("_tagging.presets.categories.".concat(categoryID, ".name"), {
+             'default': categoryID
+           });
+         };
+
+         _this.nameLabel = function () {
+           return _t.html("_tagging.presets.categories.".concat(categoryID, ".name"), {
+             'default': categoryID
+           });
+         };
 
-           var gap;
-           var indent;
-           var meta;
-           var rep;
+         _this.terms = function () {
+           return [];
+         };
+
+         _this.searchName = function () {
+           if (!_searchName) {
+             _searchName = (_this.suggestion ? _this.originalName : _this.name()).toLowerCase();
+           }
 
+           return _searchName;
+         };
 
-           function quote(string) {
+         _this.searchNameStripped = function () {
+           if (!_searchNameStripped) {
+             _searchNameStripped = _this.searchName(); // split combined diacritical characters into their parts
 
-       // If the string contains no control characters, no quote characters, and no
-       // backslash characters, then we can safely slap some quotes around it.
-       // Otherwise we must also replace the offending characters with safe escape
-       // sequences.
+             if (_searchNameStripped.normalize) _searchNameStripped = _searchNameStripped.normalize('NFD'); // remove diacritics
 
-               rx_escapable.lastIndex = 0;
-               return rx_escapable.test(string)
-                   ? "\"" + string.replace(rx_escapable, function (a) {
-                       var c = meta[a];
-                       return typeof c === "string"
-                           ? c
-                           : "\\u" + ("0000" + a.charCodeAt(0).toString(16)).slice(-4);
-                   }) + "\""
-                   : "\"" + string + "\"";
+             _searchNameStripped = _searchNameStripped.replace(/[\u0300-\u036f]/g, '');
            }
 
+           return _searchNameStripped;
+         };
 
-           function str(key, holder) {
+         return _this;
+       }
 
-       // Produce a string from holder[key].
+       // `presetField` decorates a given `field` Object
+       // with some extra methods for searching and matching geometry
+       //
 
-               var i;          // The loop counter.
-               var k;          // The member key.
-               var v;          // The member value.
-               var length;
-               var mind = gap;
-               var partial;
-               var value = holder[key];
+       function presetField(fieldID, field) {
+         var _this = Object.assign({}, field); // shallow copy
 
-       // If the value has a toJSON method, call it to obtain a replacement value.
 
-               if (value && typeof value === "object" &&
-                       typeof value.toJSON === "function") {
-                   value = value.toJSON(key);
-               }
+         _this.id = fieldID; // for use in classes, element ids, css selectors
 
-       // If we were called with a replacer function, then call the replacer to
-       // obtain a replacement value.
+         _this.safeid = utilSafeClassName(fieldID);
 
-               if (typeof rep === "function") {
-                   value = rep.call(holder, key, value);
-               }
+         _this.matchGeometry = function (geom) {
+           return !_this.geometry || _this.geometry.indexOf(geom) !== -1;
+         };
 
-       // What happens next depends on the value's type.
+         _this.matchAllGeometry = function (geometries) {
+           return !_this.geometry || geometries.every(function (geom) {
+             return _this.geometry.indexOf(geom) !== -1;
+           });
+         };
 
-               switch (typeof value) {
-               case "string":
-                   return quote(value);
+         _this.t = function (scope, options) {
+           return _t("_tagging.presets.fields.".concat(fieldID, ".").concat(scope), options);
+         };
 
-               case "number":
+         _this.t.html = function (scope, options) {
+           return _t.html("_tagging.presets.fields.".concat(fieldID, ".").concat(scope), options);
+         };
 
-       // JSON numbers must be finite. Encode non-finite numbers as null.
+         _this.hasTextForStringId = function (scope) {
+           return _mainLocalizer.hasTextForStringId("_tagging.presets.fields.".concat(fieldID, ".").concat(scope));
+         };
 
-                   return isFinite(value)
-                       ? String(value)
-                       : "null";
+         _this.title = function () {
+           return _this.overrideLabel || _this.t('label', {
+             'default': fieldID
+           });
+         };
 
-               case "boolean":
-               case "null":
+         _this.label = function () {
+           return _this.overrideLabel || _this.t.html('label', {
+             'default': fieldID
+           });
+         };
 
-       // If the value is a boolean or null, convert it to a string. Note:
-       // typeof null does not produce "null". The case is included here in
-       // the remote chance that this gets fixed someday.
+         var _placeholder = _this.placeholder;
 
-                   return String(value);
+         _this.placeholder = function () {
+           return _this.t('placeholder', {
+             'default': _placeholder
+           });
+         };
 
-       // If the type is "object", we might be dealing with an object or an array or
-       // null.
+         _this.originalTerms = (_this.terms || []).join();
 
-               case "object":
+         _this.terms = function () {
+           return _this.t('terms', {
+             'default': _this.originalTerms
+           }).toLowerCase().trim().split(/\s*,+\s*/);
+         };
 
-       // Due to a specification blunder in ECMAScript, typeof null is "object",
-       // so watch out for that case.
+         _this.increment = _this.type === 'number' ? _this.increment || 1 : undefined;
+         return _this;
+       }
 
-                   if (!value) {
-                       return "null";
-                   }
+       // `Array.prototype.lastIndexOf` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-array.prototype.lastindexof
+       // eslint-disable-next-line es/no-array-prototype-lastindexof -- required for testing
+       _export({ target: 'Array', proto: true, forced: arrayLastIndexOf !== [].lastIndexOf }, {
+         lastIndexOf: arrayLastIndexOf
+       });
 
-       // Make an array to hold the partial results of stringifying this object value.
+       // `presetPreset` decorates a given `preset` Object
+       // with some extra methods for searching and matching geometry
+       //
 
-                   gap += indent;
-                   partial = [];
+       function presetPreset(presetID, preset, addable, allFields, allPresets) {
+         allFields = allFields || {};
+         allPresets = allPresets || {};
 
-       // Is the value an array?
+         var _this = Object.assign({}, preset); // shallow copy
 
-                   if (Object.prototype.toString.apply(value) === "[object Array]") {
 
-       // The value is an array. Stringify every element. Use null as a placeholder
-       // for non-JSON values.
+         var _addable = addable || false;
 
-                       length = value.length;
-                       for (i = 0; i < length; i += 1) {
-                           partial[i] = str(i, value) || "null";
-                       }
+         var _resolvedFields; // cache
 
-       // Join all of the elements together, separated with commas, and wrap them in
-       // brackets.
 
-                       v = partial.length === 0
-                           ? "[]"
-                           : gap
-                               ? "[\n" + gap + partial.join(",\n" + gap) + "\n" + mind + "]"
-                               : "[" + partial.join(",") + "]";
-                       gap = mind;
-                       return v;
-                   }
+         var _resolvedMoreFields; // cache
 
-       // If the replacer is an array, use it to select the members to be stringified.
-
-                   if (rep && typeof rep === "object") {
-                       length = rep.length;
-                       for (i = 0; i < length; i += 1) {
-                           if (typeof rep[i] === "string") {
-                               k = rep[i];
-                               v = str(k, value);
-                               if (v) {
-                                   partial.push(quote(k) + (
-                                       gap
-                                           ? ": "
-                                           : ":"
-                                   ) + v);
-                               }
-                           }
-                       }
-                   } else {
 
-       // Otherwise, iterate through all of the keys in the object.
-
-                       for (k in value) {
-                           if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(value, k)) {
-                               v = str(k, value);
-                               if (v) {
-                                   partial.push(quote(k) + (
-                                       gap
-                                           ? ": "
-                                           : ":"
-                                   ) + v);
-                               }
-                           }
-                       }
-                   }
+         var _searchName; // cache
 
-       // Join all of the member texts together, separated with commas,
-       // and wrap them in braces.
 
-                   v = partial.length === 0
-                       ? "{}"
-                       : gap
-                           ? "{\n" + gap + partial.join(",\n" + gap) + "\n" + mind + "}"
-                           : "{" + partial.join(",") + "}";
-                   gap = mind;
-                   return v;
-               }
-           }
+         var _searchNameStripped; // cache
 
-       // If the JSON object does not yet have a stringify method, give it one.
 
-           if (typeof JSON.stringify !== "function") {
-               meta = {    // table of character substitutions
-                   "\b": "\\b",
-                   "\t": "\\t",
-                   "\n": "\\n",
-                   "\f": "\\f",
-                   "\r": "\\r",
-                   "\"": "\\\"",
-                   "\\": "\\\\"
-               };
-               JSON.stringify = function (value, replacer, space) {
+         _this.id = presetID;
+         _this.safeid = utilSafeClassName(presetID); // for use in css classes, selectors, element ids
 
-       // The stringify method takes a value and an optional replacer, and an optional
-       // space parameter, and returns a JSON text. The replacer can be a function
-       // that can replace values, or an array of strings that will select the keys.
-       // A default replacer method can be provided. Use of the space parameter can
-       // produce text that is more easily readable.
+         _this.originalTerms = (_this.terms || []).join();
+         _this.originalName = _this.name || '';
+         _this.originalScore = _this.matchScore || 1;
+         _this.originalReference = _this.reference || {};
+         _this.originalFields = _this.fields || [];
+         _this.originalMoreFields = _this.moreFields || [];
 
-                   var i;
-                   gap = "";
-                   indent = "";
+         _this.fields = function () {
+           return _resolvedFields || (_resolvedFields = resolve('fields'));
+         };
 
-       // If the space parameter is a number, make an indent string containing that
-       // many spaces.
+         _this.moreFields = function () {
+           return _resolvedMoreFields || (_resolvedMoreFields = resolve('moreFields'));
+         };
 
-                   if (typeof space === "number") {
-                       for (i = 0; i < space; i += 1) {
-                           indent += " ";
-                       }
+         _this.resetFields = function () {
+           return _resolvedFields = _resolvedMoreFields = null;
+         };
 
-       // If the space parameter is a string, it will be used as the indent string.
+         _this.tags = _this.tags || {};
+         _this.addTags = _this.addTags || _this.tags;
+         _this.removeTags = _this.removeTags || _this.addTags;
+         _this.geometry = _this.geometry || [];
 
-                   } else if (typeof space === "string") {
-                       indent = space;
-                   }
+         _this.matchGeometry = function (geom) {
+           return _this.geometry.indexOf(geom) >= 0;
+         };
 
-       // If there is a replacer, it must be a function or an array.
-       // Otherwise, throw an error.
+         _this.matchAllGeometry = function (geoms) {
+           return geoms.every(_this.matchGeometry);
+         };
 
-                   rep = replacer;
-                   if (replacer && typeof replacer !== "function" &&
-                           (typeof replacer !== "object" ||
-                           typeof replacer.length !== "number")) {
-                       throw new Error("JSON.stringify");
-                   }
+         _this.matchScore = function (entityTags) {
+           var tags = _this.tags;
+           var seen = {};
+           var score = 0; // match on tags
 
-       // Make a fake root object containing our value under the key of "".
-       // Return the result of stringifying the value.
+           for (var k in tags) {
+             seen[k] = true;
 
-                   return str("", {"": value});
-               };
-           }
+             if (entityTags[k] === tags[k]) {
+               score += _this.originalScore;
+             } else if (tags[k] === '*' && k in entityTags) {
+               score += _this.originalScore / 2;
+             } else {
+               return -1;
+             }
+           } // boost score for additional matches in addTags - #6802
 
 
-       // If the JSON object does not yet have a parse method, give it one.
+           var addTags = _this.addTags;
 
-           if (typeof JSON.parse !== "function") {
-               JSON.parse = function (text, reviver) {
+           for (var _k in addTags) {
+             if (!seen[_k] && entityTags[_k] === addTags[_k]) {
+               score += _this.originalScore;
+             }
+           }
 
-       // The parse method takes a text and an optional reviver function, and returns
-       // a JavaScript value if the text is a valid JSON text.
+           return score;
+         };
 
-                   var j;
+         _this.t = function (scope, options) {
+           var textID = "_tagging.presets.presets.".concat(presetID, ".").concat(scope);
+           return _t(textID, options);
+         };
 
-                   function walk(holder, key) {
-
-       // The walk method is used to recursively walk the resulting structure so
-       // that modifications can be made.
-
-                       var k;
-                       var v;
-                       var value = holder[key];
-                       if (value && typeof value === "object") {
-                           for (k in value) {
-                               if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(value, k)) {
-                                   v = walk(value, k);
-                                   if (v !== undefined) {
-                                       value[k] = v;
-                                   } else {
-                                       delete value[k];
-                                   }
-                               }
-                           }
-                       }
-                       return reviver.call(holder, key, value);
-                   }
+         _this.t.html = function (scope, options) {
+           var textID = "_tagging.presets.presets.".concat(presetID, ".").concat(scope);
+           return _t.html(textID, options);
+         };
 
+         _this.name = function () {
+           return _this.t('name', {
+             'default': _this.originalName
+           });
+         };
+
+         _this.nameLabel = function () {
+           return _this.t.html('name', {
+             'default': _this.originalName
+           });
+         };
 
-       // Parsing happens in four stages. In the first stage, we replace certain
-       // Unicode characters with escape sequences. JavaScript handles many characters
-       // incorrectly, either silently deleting them, or treating them as line endings.
+         _this.subtitle = function () {
+           if (_this.suggestion) {
+             var path = presetID.split('/');
+             path.pop(); // remove brand name
 
-                   text = String(text);
-                   rx_dangerous.lastIndex = 0;
-                   if (rx_dangerous.test(text)) {
-                       text = text.replace(rx_dangerous, function (a) {
-                           return "\\u" +
-                                   ("0000" + a.charCodeAt(0).toString(16)).slice(-4);
-                       });
-                   }
+             return _t('_tagging.presets.presets.' + path.join('/') + '.name');
+           }
 
-       // In the second stage, we run the text against regular expressions that look
-       // for non-JSON patterns. We are especially concerned with "()" and "new"
-       // because they can cause invocation, and "=" because it can cause mutation.
-       // But just to be safe, we want to reject all unexpected forms.
-
-       // We split the second stage into 4 regexp operations in order to work around
-       // crippling inefficiencies in IE's and Safari's regexp engines. First we
-       // replace the JSON backslash pairs with "@" (a non-JSON character). Second, we
-       // replace all simple value tokens with "]" characters. Third, we delete all
-       // open brackets that follow a colon or comma or that begin the text. Finally,
-       // we look to see that the remaining characters are only whitespace or "]" or
-       // "," or ":" or "{" or "}". If that is so, then the text is safe for eval.
-
-                   if (
-                       rx_one.test(
-                           text
-                               .replace(rx_two, "@")
-                               .replace(rx_three, "]")
-                               .replace(rx_four, "")
-                       )
-                   ) {
-
-       // In the third stage we use the eval function to compile the text into a
-       // JavaScript structure. The "{" operator is subject to a syntactic ambiguity
-       // in JavaScript: it can begin a block or an object literal. We wrap the text
-       // in parens to eliminate the ambiguity.
-
-                       j = eval("(" + text + ")");
-
-       // In the optional fourth stage, we recursively walk the new structure, passing
-       // each name/value pair to a reviver function for possible transformation.
-
-                       return (typeof reviver === "function")
-                           ? walk({"": j}, "")
-                           : j;
-                   }
+           return null;
+         };
 
-       // If the text is not JSON parseable, then a SyntaxError is thrown.
+         _this.subtitleLabel = function () {
+           if (_this.suggestion) {
+             var path = presetID.split('/');
+             path.pop(); // remove brand name
 
-                   throw new SyntaxError("JSON.parse");
-               };
+             return _t.html('_tagging.presets.presets.' + path.join('/') + '.name');
            }
-       }());
 
-       var json2 = json2Plugin;
+           return null;
+         };
 
-       function json2Plugin() {
-               
-               return {}
-       }
+         _this.terms = function () {
+           return _this.t('terms', {
+             'default': _this.originalTerms
+           }).toLowerCase().trim().split(/\s*,+\s*/);
+         };
 
-       var plugins = [json2];
+         _this.searchName = function () {
+           if (!_searchName) {
+             _searchName = (_this.suggestion ? _this.originalName : _this.name()).toLowerCase();
+           }
 
-       var store_legacy = storeEngine.createStore(all, plugins);
+           return _searchName;
+         };
 
-       // # osm-auth
-       //
-       // This code is only compatible with IE10+ because the [XDomainRequest](http://bit.ly/LfO7xo)
-       // object, IE<10's idea of [CORS](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-origin_resource_sharing),
-       // does not support custom headers, which this uses everywhere.
-       var osmAuth = function(o) {
+         _this.searchNameStripped = function () {
+           if (!_searchNameStripped) {
+             _searchNameStripped = _this.searchName(); // split combined diacritical characters into their parts
 
-           var oauth = {};
+             if (_searchNameStripped.normalize) _searchNameStripped = _searchNameStripped.normalize('NFD'); // remove diacritics
 
-           // authenticated users will also have a request token secret, but it's
-           // not used in transactions with the server
-           oauth.authenticated = function() {
-               return !!(token('oauth_token') && token('oauth_token_secret'));
-           };
+             _searchNameStripped = _searchNameStripped.replace(/[\u0300-\u036f]/g, '');
+           }
 
-           oauth.logout = function() {
-               token('oauth_token', '');
-               token('oauth_token_secret', '');
-               token('oauth_request_token_secret', '');
-               return oauth;
-           };
+           return _searchNameStripped;
+         };
 
-           // TODO: detect lack of click event
-           oauth.authenticate = function(callback) {
-               if (oauth.authenticated()) return callback();
-
-               oauth.logout();
-
-               // ## Getting a request token
-               var params = timenonce(getAuth(o)),
-                   url = o.url + '/oauth/request_token';
-
-               params.oauth_signature = ohauth_1.signature(
-                   o.oauth_secret, '',
-                   ohauth_1.baseString('POST', url, params));
-
-               if (!o.singlepage) {
-                   // Create a 600x550 popup window in the center of the screen
-                   var w = 600, h = 550,
-                       settings = [
-                           ['width', w], ['height', h],
-                           ['left', screen.width / 2 - w / 2],
-                           ['top', screen.height / 2 - h / 2]].map(function(x) {
-                               return x.join('=');
-                           }).join(','),
-                       popup = window.open('about:blank', 'oauth_window', settings);
-               }
-
-               // Request a request token. When this is complete, the popup
-               // window is redirected to OSM's authorization page.
-               ohauth_1.xhr('POST', url, params, null, {}, reqTokenDone);
-               o.loading();
-
-               function reqTokenDone(err, xhr) {
-                   o.done();
-                   if (err) return callback(err);
-                   var resp = ohauth_1.stringQs(xhr.response);
-                   token('oauth_request_token_secret', resp.oauth_token_secret);
-                   var authorize_url = o.url + '/oauth/authorize?' + ohauth_1.qsString({
-                       oauth_token: resp.oauth_token,
-                       oauth_callback: resolveUrl$1(o.landing)
-                   });
+         _this.isFallback = function () {
+           var tagCount = Object.keys(_this.tags).length;
+           return tagCount === 0 || tagCount === 1 && _this.tags.hasOwnProperty('area');
+         };
 
-                   if (o.singlepage) {
-                       location.href = authorize_url;
-                   } else {
-                       popup.location = authorize_url;
-                   }
-               }
+         _this.addable = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _addable;
+           _addable = val;
+           return _this;
+         };
 
-               // Called by a function in a landing page, in the popup window. The
-               // window closes itself.
-               window.authComplete = function(token) {
-                   var oauth_token = ohauth_1.stringQs(token.split('?')[1]);
-                   get_access_token(oauth_token.oauth_token);
-                   delete window.authComplete;
-               };
+         _this.reference = function () {
+           // Lookup documentation on Wikidata...
+           var qid = _this.tags.wikidata || _this.tags['flag:wikidata'] || _this.tags['brand:wikidata'] || _this.tags['network:wikidata'] || _this.tags['operator:wikidata'];
 
-               // ## Getting an request token
-               //
-               // At this point we have an `oauth_token`, brought in from a function
-               // call on a landing page popup.
-               function get_access_token(oauth_token) {
-                   var url = o.url + '/oauth/access_token',
-                       params = timenonce(getAuth(o)),
-                       request_token_secret = token('oauth_request_token_secret');
-                   params.oauth_token = oauth_token;
-                   params.oauth_signature = ohauth_1.signature(
-                       o.oauth_secret,
-                       request_token_secret,
-                       ohauth_1.baseString('POST', url, params));
-
-                   // ## Getting an access token
-                   //
-                   // The final token required for authentication. At this point
-                   // we have a `request token secret`
-                   ohauth_1.xhr('POST', url, params, null, {}, accessTokenDone);
-                   o.loading();
-               }
-
-               function accessTokenDone(err, xhr) {
-                   o.done();
-                   if (err) return callback(err);
-                   var access_token = ohauth_1.stringQs(xhr.response);
-                   token('oauth_token', access_token.oauth_token);
-                   token('oauth_token_secret', access_token.oauth_token_secret);
-                   callback(null, oauth);
-               }
-           };
+           if (qid) {
+             return {
+               qid: qid
+             };
+           } // Lookup documentation on OSM Wikibase...
 
-           oauth.bootstrapToken = function(oauth_token, callback) {
-               // ## Getting an request token
-               // At this point we have an `oauth_token`, brought in from a function
-               // call on a landing page popup.
-               function get_access_token(oauth_token) {
-                   var url = o.url + '/oauth/access_token',
-                       params = timenonce(getAuth(o)),
-                       request_token_secret = token('oauth_request_token_secret');
-                   params.oauth_token = oauth_token;
-                   params.oauth_signature = ohauth_1.signature(
-                       o.oauth_secret,
-                       request_token_secret,
-                       ohauth_1.baseString('POST', url, params));
-
-                   // ## Getting an access token
-                   // The final token required for authentication. At this point
-                   // we have a `request token secret`
-                   ohauth_1.xhr('POST', url, params, null, {}, accessTokenDone);
-                   o.loading();
-               }
-
-               function accessTokenDone(err, xhr) {
-                   o.done();
-                   if (err) return callback(err);
-                   var access_token = ohauth_1.stringQs(xhr.response);
-                   token('oauth_token', access_token.oauth_token);
-                   token('oauth_token_secret', access_token.oauth_token_secret);
-                   callback(null, oauth);
-               }
-
-               get_access_token(oauth_token);
-           };
 
-           // # xhr
-           //
-           // A single XMLHttpRequest wrapper that does authenticated calls if the
-           // user has logged in.
-           oauth.xhr = function(options, callback) {
-               if (!oauth.authenticated()) {
-                   if (o.auto) {
-                       return oauth.authenticate(run);
-                   } else {
-                       callback('not authenticated', null);
-                       return;
-                   }
-               } else {
-                   return run();
-               }
-
-               function run() {
-                   var params = timenonce(getAuth(o)),
-                       oauth_token_secret = token('oauth_token_secret'),
-                       url = (options.prefix !== false) ? o.url + options.path : options.path,
-                       url_parts = url.replace(/#.*$/, '').split('?', 2),
-                       base_url = url_parts[0],
-                       query = (url_parts.length === 2) ? url_parts[1] : '';
-
-                   // https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5849#section-3.4.1.3.1
-                   if ((!options.options || !options.options.header ||
-                       options.options.header['Content-Type'] === 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded') &&
-                       options.content) {
-                       params = immutable(params, ohauth_1.stringQs(options.content));
-                   }
+           var key = _this.originalReference.key || Object.keys(utilObjectOmit(_this.tags, 'name'))[0];
+           var value = _this.originalReference.value || _this.tags[key];
 
-                   params.oauth_token = token('oauth_token');
-                   params.oauth_signature = ohauth_1.signature(
-                       o.oauth_secret,
-                       oauth_token_secret,
-                       ohauth_1.baseString(options.method, base_url, immutable(params, ohauth_1.stringQs(query)))
-                   );
+           if (value === '*') {
+             return {
+               key: key
+             };
+           } else {
+             return {
+               key: key,
+               value: value
+             };
+           }
+         };
 
-                   return ohauth_1.xhr(options.method, url, params, options.content, options.options, done);
-               }
+         _this.unsetTags = function (tags, geometry, ignoringKeys, skipFieldDefaults) {
+           // allow manually keeping some tags
+           var removeTags = ignoringKeys ? utilObjectOmit(_this.removeTags, ignoringKeys) : _this.removeTags;
+           tags = utilObjectOmit(tags, Object.keys(removeTags));
 
-               function done(err, xhr) {
-                   if (err) return callback(err);
-                   else if (xhr.responseXML) return callback(err, xhr.responseXML);
-                   else return callback(err, xhr.response);
+           if (geometry && !skipFieldDefaults) {
+             _this.fields().forEach(function (field) {
+               if (field.matchGeometry(geometry) && field.key && field["default"] === tags[field.key]) {
+                 delete tags[field.key];
                }
-           };
+             });
+           }
 
-           // pre-authorize this object, if we can just get a token and token_secret
-           // from the start
-           oauth.preauth = function(c) {
-               if (!c) return;
-               if (c.oauth_token) token('oauth_token', c.oauth_token);
-               if (c.oauth_token_secret) token('oauth_token_secret', c.oauth_token_secret);
-               return oauth;
-           };
+           delete tags.area;
+           return tags;
+         };
 
-           oauth.options = function(_) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return o;
+         _this.setTags = function (tags, geometry, skipFieldDefaults) {
+           var addTags = _this.addTags;
+           tags = Object.assign({}, tags); // shallow copy
 
-               o = _;
-               o.url = o.url || 'https://www.openstreetmap.org';
-               o.landing = o.landing || 'land.html';
-               o.singlepage = o.singlepage || false;
+           for (var k in addTags) {
+             if (addTags[k] === '*') {
+               // if this tag is ancillary, don't override an existing value since any value is okay
+               if (_this.tags[k] || !tags[k] || tags[k] === 'no') {
+                 tags[k] = 'yes';
+               }
+             } else {
+               tags[k] = addTags[k];
+             }
+           } // Add area=yes if necessary.
+           // This is necessary if the geometry is already an area (e.g. user drew an area) AND any of:
+           // 1. chosen preset could be either an area or a line (`barrier=city_wall`)
+           // 2. chosen preset doesn't have a key in osmAreaKeys (`railway=station`)
 
-               // Optional loading and loading-done functions for nice UI feedback.
-               // by default, no-ops
-               o.loading = o.loading || function() {};
-               o.done = o.done || function() {};
 
-               return oauth.preauth(o);
-           };
+           if (!addTags.hasOwnProperty('area')) {
+             delete tags.area;
 
-           // 'stamp' an authentication object from `getAuth()`
-           // with a [nonce](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographic_nonce)
-           // and timestamp
-           function timenonce(o) {
-               o.oauth_timestamp = ohauth_1.timestamp();
-               o.oauth_nonce = ohauth_1.nonce();
-               return o;
-           }
+             if (geometry === 'area') {
+               var needsAreaTag = true;
 
-           // get/set tokens. These are prefixed with the base URL so that `osm-auth`
-           // can be used with multiple APIs and the keys in `localStorage`
-           // will not clash
-           var token;
+               if (_this.geometry.indexOf('line') === -1) {
+                 for (var _k2 in addTags) {
+                   if (_k2 in osmAreaKeys) {
+                     needsAreaTag = false;
+                     break;
+                   }
+                 }
+               }
 
-           if (store_legacy.enabled) {
-               token = function (x, y) {
-                   if (arguments.length === 1) return store_legacy.get(o.url + x);
-                   else if (arguments.length === 2) return store_legacy.set(o.url + x, y);
-               };
-           } else {
-               var storage = {};
-               token = function (x, y) {
-                   if (arguments.length === 1) return storage[o.url + x];
-                   else if (arguments.length === 2) return storage[o.url + x] = y;
-               };
+               if (needsAreaTag) {
+                 tags.area = 'yes';
+               }
+             }
            }
 
-           // Get an authentication object. If you just add and remove properties
-           // from a single object, you'll need to use `delete` to make sure that
-           // it doesn't contain undesired properties for authentication
-           function getAuth(o) {
-               return {
-                   oauth_consumer_key: o.oauth_consumer_key,
-                   oauth_signature_method: 'HMAC-SHA1'
-               };
+           if (geometry && !skipFieldDefaults) {
+             _this.fields().forEach(function (field) {
+               if (field.matchGeometry(geometry) && field.key && !tags[field.key] && field["default"]) {
+                 tags[field.key] = field["default"];
+               }
+             });
            }
 
-           // potentially pre-authorize
-           oauth.options(o);
-
-           return oauth;
-       };
-
-       var JXON = new (function () {
-         var
-           sValueProp = 'keyValue', sAttributesProp = 'keyAttributes', sAttrPref = '@', /* you can customize these values */
-           aCache = [], rIsNull = /^\s*$/, rIsBool = /^(?:true|false)$/i;
+           return tags;
+         }; // For a preset without fields, use the fields of the parent preset.
+         // Replace {preset} placeholders with the fields of the specified presets.
 
-         function parseText (sValue) {
-           if (rIsNull.test(sValue)) { return null; }
-           if (rIsBool.test(sValue)) { return sValue.toLowerCase() === 'true'; }
-           if (isFinite(sValue)) { return parseFloat(sValue); }
-           if (isFinite(Date.parse(sValue))) { return new Date(sValue); }
-           return sValue;
-         }
 
-         function EmptyTree () { }
-         EmptyTree.prototype.toString = function () { return 'null'; };
-         EmptyTree.prototype.valueOf = function () { return null; };
+         function resolve(which) {
+           var fieldIDs = which === 'fields' ? _this.originalFields : _this.originalMoreFields;
+           var resolved = [];
+           fieldIDs.forEach(function (fieldID) {
+             var match = fieldID.match(/\{(.*)\}/);
 
-         function objectify (vValue) {
-           return vValue === null ? new EmptyTree() : vValue instanceof Object ? vValue : new vValue.constructor(vValue);
-         }
+             if (match !== null) {
+               // a presetID wrapped in braces {}
+               resolved = resolved.concat(inheritFields(match[1], which));
+             } else if (allFields[fieldID]) {
+               // a normal fieldID
+               resolved.push(allFields[fieldID]);
+             } else {
+               console.log("Cannot resolve \"".concat(fieldID, "\" found in ").concat(_this.id, ".").concat(which)); // eslint-disable-line no-console
+             }
+           }); // no fields resolved, so use the parent's if possible
 
-         function createObjTree (oParentNode, nVerb, bFreeze, bNesteAttr) {
-           var
-             nLevelStart = aCache.length, bChildren = oParentNode.hasChildNodes(),
-             bAttributes = oParentNode.hasAttributes(), bHighVerb = Boolean(nVerb & 2);
+           if (!resolved.length) {
+             var endIndex = _this.id.lastIndexOf('/');
 
-           var
-             sProp, vContent, nLength = 0, sCollectedTxt = '',
-             vResult = bHighVerb ? {} : /* put here the default value for empty nodes: */ true;
+             var parentID = endIndex && _this.id.substring(0, endIndex);
 
-           if (bChildren) {
-             for (var oNode, nItem = 0; nItem < oParentNode.childNodes.length; nItem++) {
-               oNode = oParentNode.childNodes.item(nItem);
-               if (oNode.nodeType === 4) { sCollectedTxt += oNode.nodeValue; } /* nodeType is 'CDATASection' (4) */
-               else if (oNode.nodeType === 3) { sCollectedTxt += oNode.nodeValue.trim(); } /* nodeType is 'Text' (3) */
-               else if (oNode.nodeType === 1 && !oNode.prefix) { aCache.push(oNode); } /* nodeType is 'Element' (1) */
+             if (parentID) {
+               resolved = inheritFields(parentID, which);
              }
            }
 
-           var nLevelEnd = aCache.length, vBuiltVal = parseText(sCollectedTxt);
+           return utilArrayUniq(resolved); // returns an array of fields to inherit from the given presetID, if found
 
-           if (!bHighVerb && (bChildren || bAttributes)) { vResult = nVerb === 0 ? objectify(vBuiltVal) : {}; }
+           function inheritFields(presetID, which) {
+             var parent = allPresets[presetID];
+             if (!parent) return [];
 
-           for (var nElId = nLevelStart; nElId < nLevelEnd; nElId++) {
-             sProp = aCache[nElId].nodeName.toLowerCase();
-             vContent = createObjTree(aCache[nElId], nVerb, bFreeze, bNesteAttr);
-             if (vResult.hasOwnProperty(sProp)) {
-               if (vResult[sProp].constructor !== Array) { vResult[sProp] = [vResult[sProp]]; }
-               vResult[sProp].push(vContent);
+             if (which === 'fields') {
+               return parent.fields().filter(shouldInherit);
+             } else if (which === 'moreFields') {
+               return parent.moreFields();
              } else {
-               vResult[sProp] = vContent;
-               nLength++;
+               return [];
              }
-           }
-
-           if (bAttributes) {
-             var
-               nAttrLen = oParentNode.attributes.length,
-               sAPrefix = bNesteAttr ? '' : sAttrPref, oAttrParent = bNesteAttr ? {} : vResult;
+           } // Skip `fields` for the keys which define the preset.
+           // These are usually `typeCombo` fields like `shop=*`
 
-             for (var oAttrib, nAttrib = 0; nAttrib < nAttrLen; nLength++, nAttrib++) {
-               oAttrib = oParentNode.attributes.item(nAttrib);
-               oAttrParent[sAPrefix + oAttrib.name.toLowerCase()] = parseText(oAttrib.value.trim());
-             }
 
-             if (bNesteAttr) {
-               if (bFreeze) { Object.freeze(oAttrParent); }
-               vResult[sAttributesProp] = oAttrParent;
-               nLength -= nAttrLen - 1;
-             }
+           function shouldInherit(f) {
+             if (f.key && _this.tags[f.key] !== undefined && // inherit anyway if multiple values are allowed or just a checkbox
+             f.type !== 'multiCombo' && f.type !== 'semiCombo' && f.type !== 'manyCombo' && f.type !== 'check') return false;
+             return true;
            }
+         }
 
-           if (nVerb === 3 || (nVerb === 2 || nVerb === 1 && nLength > 0) && sCollectedTxt) {
-             vResult[sValueProp] = vBuiltVal;
-           } else if (!bHighVerb && nLength === 0 && sCollectedTxt) {
-             vResult = vBuiltVal;
-           }
+         return _this;
+       }
 
-           if (bFreeze && (bHighVerb || nLength > 0)) { Object.freeze(vResult); }
+       var _mainPresetIndex = presetIndex(); // singleton
+       // `presetIndex` wraps a `presetCollection`
+       // with methods for loading new data and returning defaults
+       //
 
-           aCache.length = nLevelStart;
+       function presetIndex() {
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('favoritePreset', 'recentsChange');
+         var MAXRECENTS = 30; // seed the preset lists with geometry fallbacks
 
-           return vResult;
-         }
+         var POINT = presetPreset('point', {
+           name: 'Point',
+           tags: {},
+           geometry: ['point', 'vertex'],
+           matchScore: 0.1
+         });
+         var LINE = presetPreset('line', {
+           name: 'Line',
+           tags: {},
+           geometry: ['line'],
+           matchScore: 0.1
+         });
+         var AREA = presetPreset('area', {
+           name: 'Area',
+           tags: {
+             area: 'yes'
+           },
+           geometry: ['area'],
+           matchScore: 0.1
+         });
+         var RELATION = presetPreset('relation', {
+           name: 'Relation',
+           tags: {},
+           geometry: ['relation'],
+           matchScore: 0.1
+         });
 
-         function loadObjTree (oXMLDoc, oParentEl, oParentObj) {
-           var vValue, oChild;
+         var _this = presetCollection([POINT, LINE, AREA, RELATION]);
 
-           if (oParentObj instanceof String || oParentObj instanceof Number || oParentObj instanceof Boolean) {
-             oParentEl.appendChild(oXMLDoc.createTextNode(oParentObj.toString())); /* verbosity level is 0 */
-           } else if (oParentObj.constructor === Date) {
-             oParentEl.appendChild(oXMLDoc.createTextNode(oParentObj.toGMTString()));    
-           }
+         var _presets = {
+           point: POINT,
+           line: LINE,
+           area: AREA,
+           relation: RELATION
+         };
+         var _defaults = {
+           point: presetCollection([POINT]),
+           vertex: presetCollection([POINT]),
+           line: presetCollection([LINE]),
+           area: presetCollection([AREA]),
+           relation: presetCollection([RELATION])
+         };
+         var _fields = {};
+         var _categories = {};
+         var _universal = [];
+         var _addablePresetIDs = null; // Set of preset IDs that the user can add
 
-           for (var sName in oParentObj) {
-             vValue = oParentObj[sName];
-             if (isFinite(sName) || vValue instanceof Function) { continue; } /* verbosity level is 0 */
-             if (sName === sValueProp) {
-               if (vValue !== null && vValue !== true) { oParentEl.appendChild(oXMLDoc.createTextNode(vValue.constructor === Date ? vValue.toGMTString() : String(vValue))); }
-             } else if (sName === sAttributesProp) { /* verbosity level is 3 */
-               for (var sAttrib in vValue) { oParentEl.setAttribute(sAttrib, vValue[sAttrib]); }
-             } else if (sName.charAt(0) === sAttrPref) {
-               oParentEl.setAttribute(sName.slice(1), vValue);
-             } else if (vValue.constructor === Array) {
-               for (var nItem = 0; nItem < vValue.length; nItem++) {
-                 oChild = oXMLDoc.createElement(sName);
-                 loadObjTree(oXMLDoc, oChild, vValue[nItem]);
-                 oParentEl.appendChild(oChild);
-               }
-             } else {
-               oChild = oXMLDoc.createElement(sName);
-               if (vValue instanceof Object) {
-                 loadObjTree(oXMLDoc, oChild, vValue);
-               } else if (vValue !== null && vValue !== true) {
-                 oChild.appendChild(oXMLDoc.createTextNode(vValue.toString()));
-               }
-               oParentEl.appendChild(oChild);
-            }
-          }
-         }
+         var _recents;
 
-         this.build = function (oXMLParent, nVerbosity /* optional */, bFreeze /* optional */, bNesteAttributes /* optional */) {
-           var _nVerb = arguments.length > 1 && typeof nVerbosity === 'number' ? nVerbosity & 3 : /* put here the default verbosity level: */ 1;
-           return createObjTree(oXMLParent, _nVerb, bFreeze || false, arguments.length > 3 ? bNesteAttributes : _nVerb === 3);    
-         };
+         var _favorites; // Index of presets by (geometry, tag key).
 
-         this.unbuild = function (oObjTree) {    
-           var oNewDoc = document.implementation.createDocument('', '', null);
-           loadObjTree(oNewDoc, oNewDoc, oObjTree);
-           return oNewDoc;
-         };
 
-         this.stringify = function (oObjTree) {
-           return (new XMLSerializer()).serializeToString(JXON.unbuild(oObjTree));
+         var _geometryIndex = {
+           point: {},
+           vertex: {},
+           line: {},
+           area: {},
+           relation: {}
          };
-       })();
 
-       // var myObject = JXON.build(doc);
-       // we got our javascript object! try: alert(JSON.stringify(myObject));
+         var _loadPromise;
 
-       // var newDoc = JXON.unbuild(myObject);
-       // we got our Document instance! try: alert((new XMLSerializer()).serializeToString(newDoc));
+         _this.ensureLoaded = function () {
+           if (_loadPromise) return _loadPromise;
+           return _loadPromise = Promise.all([_mainFileFetcher.get('preset_categories'), _mainFileFetcher.get('preset_defaults'), _mainFileFetcher.get('preset_presets'), _mainFileFetcher.get('preset_fields')]).then(function (vals) {
+             _this.merge({
+               categories: vals[0],
+               defaults: vals[1],
+               presets: vals[2],
+               fields: vals[3]
+             });
 
-       var tiler$5 = utilTiler();
-       var dispatch$6 = dispatch('apiStatusChange', 'authLoading', 'authDone', 'change', 'loading', 'loaded', 'loadedNotes');
-       var urlroot = 'https://www.openstreetmap.org';
-       var oauth = osmAuth({
-           url: urlroot,
-           oauth_consumer_key: '5A043yRSEugj4DJ5TljuapfnrflWDte8jTOcWLlT',
-           oauth_secret: 'aB3jKq1TRsCOUrfOIZ6oQMEDmv2ptV76PA54NGLL',
-           loading: authLoading,
-           done: authDone
-       });
+             osmSetAreaKeys(_this.areaKeys());
+             osmSetPointTags(_this.pointTags());
+             osmSetVertexTags(_this.vertexTags());
+           });
+         }; // `merge` accepts an object containing new preset data (all properties optional):
+         // {
+         //   fields: {},
+         //   presets: {},
+         //   categories: {},
+         //   defaults: {},
+         //   featureCollection: {}
+         //}
 
-       var _blacklists = ['.*\.google(apis)?\..*/(vt|kh)[\?/].*([xyz]=.*){3}.*'];
-       var _tileCache = { toLoad: {}, loaded: {}, inflight: {}, seen: {}, rtree: new RBush() };
-       var _noteCache = { toLoad: {}, loaded: {}, inflight: {}, inflightPost: {}, note: {}, closed: {}, rtree: new RBush() };
-       var _userCache = { toLoad: {}, user: {} };
-       var _cachedApiStatus;
-       var _changeset = {};
 
-       var _deferred = new Set();
-       var _connectionID = 1;
-       var _tileZoom$3 = 16;
-       var _noteZoom = 12;
-       var _rateLimitError;
-       var _userChangesets;
-       var _userDetails;
-       var _off;
+         _this.merge = function (d) {
+           var newLocationSets = []; // Merge Fields
 
-       // set a default but also load this from the API status
-       var _maxWayNodes = 2000;
+           if (d.fields) {
+             Object.keys(d.fields).forEach(function (fieldID) {
+               var f = d.fields[fieldID];
+
+               if (f) {
+                 // add or replace
+                 f = presetField(fieldID, f);
+                 if (f.locationSet) newLocationSets.push(f);
+                 _fields[fieldID] = f;
+               } else {
+                 // remove
+                 delete _fields[fieldID];
+               }
+             });
+           } // Merge Presets
 
 
-       function authLoading() {
-           dispatch$6.call('authLoading');
-       }
+           if (d.presets) {
+             Object.keys(d.presets).forEach(function (presetID) {
+               var p = d.presets[presetID];
 
+               if (p) {
+                 // add or replace
+                 var isAddable = !_addablePresetIDs || _addablePresetIDs.has(presetID);
 
-       function authDone() {
-           dispatch$6.call('authDone');
-       }
+                 p = presetPreset(presetID, p, isAddable, _fields, _presets);
+                 if (p.locationSet) newLocationSets.push(p);
+                 _presets[presetID] = p;
+               } else {
+                 // remove (but not if it's a fallback)
+                 var existing = _presets[presetID];
 
+                 if (existing && !existing.isFallback()) {
+                   delete _presets[presetID];
+                 }
+               }
+             });
+           } // Merge Categories
 
-       function abortRequest$5(controllerOrXHR) {
-           if (controllerOrXHR) {
-               controllerOrXHR.abort();
-           }
-       }
 
+           if (d.categories) {
+             Object.keys(d.categories).forEach(function (categoryID) {
+               var c = d.categories[categoryID];
+
+               if (c) {
+                 // add or replace
+                 c = presetCategory(categoryID, c, _presets);
+                 if (c.locationSet) newLocationSets.push(c);
+                 _categories[categoryID] = c;
+               } else {
+                 // remove
+                 delete _categories[categoryID];
+               }
+             });
+           } // Rebuild _this.collection after changing presets and categories
 
-       function hasInflightRequests(cache) {
-           return Object.keys(cache.inflight).length;
-       }
 
+           _this.collection = Object.values(_presets).concat(Object.values(_categories)); // Merge Defaults
 
-       function abortUnwantedRequests$3(cache, visibleTiles) {
-           Object.keys(cache.inflight).forEach(function(k) {
-               if (cache.toLoad[k]) return;
-               if (visibleTiles.find(function(tile) { return k === tile.id; })) return;
+           if (d.defaults) {
+             Object.keys(d.defaults).forEach(function (geometry) {
+               var def = d.defaults[geometry];
+
+               if (Array.isArray(def)) {
+                 // add or replace
+                 _defaults[geometry] = presetCollection(def.map(function (id) {
+                   return _presets[id] || _categories[id];
+                 }).filter(Boolean));
+               } else {
+                 // remove
+                 delete _defaults[geometry];
+               }
+             });
+           } // Rebuild universal fields array
 
-               abortRequest$5(cache.inflight[k]);
-               delete cache.inflight[k];
-           });
-       }
 
+           _universal = Object.values(_fields).filter(function (field) {
+             return field.universal;
+           }); // Reset all the preset fields - they'll need to be resolved again
 
-       function getLoc(attrs) {
-           var lon = attrs.lon && attrs.lon.value;
-           var lat = attrs.lat && attrs.lat.value;
-           return [parseFloat(lon), parseFloat(lat)];
-       }
+           Object.values(_presets).forEach(function (preset) {
+             return preset.resetFields();
+           }); // Rebuild geometry index
 
+           _geometryIndex = {
+             point: {},
+             vertex: {},
+             line: {},
+             area: {},
+             relation: {}
+           };
 
-       function getNodes(obj) {
-           var elems = obj.getElementsByTagName('nd');
-           var nodes = new Array(elems.length);
-           for (var i = 0, l = elems.length; i < l; i++) {
-               nodes[i] = 'n' + elems[i].attributes.ref.value;
-           }
-           return nodes;
-       }
+           _this.collection.forEach(function (preset) {
+             (preset.geometry || []).forEach(function (geometry) {
+               var g = _geometryIndex[geometry];
 
-       function getNodesJSON(obj) {
-           var elems = obj.nodes;
-           var nodes = new Array(elems.length);
-           for (var i = 0, l = elems.length; i < l; i++) {
-               nodes[i] = 'n' + elems[i];
-           }
-           return nodes;
-       }
+               for (var key in preset.tags) {
+                 (g[key] = g[key] || []).push(preset);
+               }
+             });
+           }); // Merge Custom Features
 
-       function getTags(obj) {
-           var elems = obj.getElementsByTagName('tag');
-           var tags = {};
-           for (var i = 0, l = elems.length; i < l; i++) {
-               var attrs = elems[i].attributes;
-               tags[attrs.k.value] = attrs.v.value;
-           }
 
-           return tags;
-       }
+           if (d.featureCollection && Array.isArray(d.featureCollection.features)) {
+             _mainLocations.mergeCustomGeoJSON(d.featureCollection);
+           } // Resolve all locationSet features.
 
 
-       function getMembers(obj) {
-           var elems = obj.getElementsByTagName('member');
-           var members = new Array(elems.length);
-           for (var i = 0, l = elems.length; i < l; i++) {
-               var attrs = elems[i].attributes;
-               members[i] = {
-                   id: attrs.type.value[0] + attrs.ref.value,
-                   type: attrs.type.value,
-                   role: attrs.role.value
-               };
+           if (newLocationSets.length) {
+             _mainLocations.mergeLocationSets(newLocationSets);
            }
-           return members;
-       }
 
-       function getMembersJSON(obj) {
-           var elems = obj.members;
-           var members = new Array(elems.length);
-           for (var i = 0, l = elems.length; i < l; i++) {
-               var attrs = elems[i];
-               members[i] = {
-                   id: attrs.type[0] + attrs.ref,
-                   type: attrs.type,
-                   role: attrs.role
-               };
-           }
-           return members;
-       }
+           return _this;
+         };
 
-       function getVisible(attrs) {
-           return (!attrs.visible || attrs.visible.value !== 'false');
-       }
+         _this.match = function (entity, resolver) {
+           return resolver["transient"](entity, 'presetMatch', function () {
+             var geometry = entity.geometry(resolver); // Treat entities on addr:interpolation lines as points, not vertices - #3241
 
+             if (geometry === 'vertex' && entity.isOnAddressLine(resolver)) {
+               geometry = 'point';
+             }
 
-       function parseComments(comments) {
-           var parsedComments = [];
-
-           // for each comment
-           for (var i = 0; i < comments.length; i++) {
-               var comment = comments[i];
-               if (comment.nodeName === 'comment') {
-                   var childNodes = comment.childNodes;
-                   var parsedComment = {};
-
-                   for (var j = 0; j < childNodes.length; j++) {
-                       var node = childNodes[j];
-                       var nodeName = node.nodeName;
-                       if (nodeName === '#text') continue;
-                       parsedComment[nodeName] = node.textContent;
-
-                       if (nodeName === 'uid') {
-                           var uid = node.textContent;
-                           if (uid && !_userCache.user[uid]) {
-                               _userCache.toLoad[uid] = true;
-                           }
-                       }
-                   }
+             var entityExtent = entity.extent(resolver);
+             return _this.matchTags(entity.tags, geometry, entityExtent.center());
+           });
+         };
 
-                   if (parsedComment) {
-                       parsedComments.push(parsedComment);
-                   }
-               }
-           }
-           return parsedComments;
-       }
+         _this.matchTags = function (tags, geometry, loc) {
+           var geometryMatches = _geometryIndex[geometry];
+           var address;
+           var best = -1;
+           var match;
+           var validLocations;
 
+           if (Array.isArray(loc)) {
+             validLocations = _mainLocations.locationsAt(loc);
+           }
 
-       function encodeNoteRtree(note) {
-           return {
-               minX: note.loc[0],
-               minY: note.loc[1],
-               maxX: note.loc[0],
-               maxY: note.loc[1],
-               data: note
-           };
-       }
+           for (var k in tags) {
+             // If any part of an address is present, allow fallback to "Address" preset - #4353
+             if (/^addr:/.test(k) && geometryMatches['addr:*']) {
+               address = geometryMatches['addr:*'][0];
+             }
 
+             var keyMatches = geometryMatches[k];
+             if (!keyMatches) continue;
 
-       var jsonparsers = {
+             for (var i = 0; i < keyMatches.length; i++) {
+               var candidate = keyMatches[i]; // discard candidate preset if location is not valid at `loc`
 
-           node: function nodeData(obj, uid) {
-               return new osmNode({
-                   id:  uid,
-                   visible: typeof obj.visible === 'boolean' ? obj.visible : true,
-                   version: obj.version.toString(),
-                   changeset: obj.changeset.toString(),
-                   timestamp: obj.timestamp,
-                   user: obj.user,
-                   uid: obj.uid.toString(),
-                   loc: [parseFloat(obj.lon), parseFloat(obj.lat)],
-                   tags: obj.tags
-               });
-           },
+               if (validLocations && candidate.locationSetID) {
+                 if (!validLocations[candidate.locationSetID]) continue;
+               }
 
-           way: function wayData(obj, uid) {
-               return new osmWay({
-                   id:  uid,
-                   visible: typeof obj.visible === 'boolean' ? obj.visible : true,
-                   version: obj.version.toString(),
-                   changeset: obj.changeset.toString(),
-                   timestamp: obj.timestamp,
-                   user: obj.user,
-                   uid: obj.uid.toString(),
-                   tags: obj.tags,
-                   nodes: getNodesJSON(obj)
-               });
-           },
+               var score = candidate.matchScore(tags);
 
-           relation: function relationData(obj, uid) {
-               return new osmRelation({
-                   id:  uid,
-                   visible: typeof obj.visible === 'boolean' ? obj.visible : true,
-                   version: obj.version.toString(),
-                   changeset: obj.changeset.toString(),
-                   timestamp: obj.timestamp,
-                   user: obj.user,
-                   uid: obj.uid.toString(),
-                   tags: obj.tags,
-                   members: getMembersJSON(obj)
-               });
+               if (score > best) {
+                 best = score;
+                 match = candidate;
+               }
+             }
            }
-       };
 
-       function parseJSON(payload, callback, options) {
-           options = Object.assign({ skipSeen: true }, options);
-           if (!payload)  {
-               return callback({ message: 'No JSON', status: -1 });
+           if (address && (!match || match.isFallback())) {
+             match = address;
            }
 
-           var json = payload;
-           if (typeof json !== 'object')
-              json = JSON.parse(payload);
-
-           if (!json.elements)
-               return callback({ message: 'No JSON', status: -1 });
+           return match || _this.fallback(geometry);
+         };
 
-           var children = json.elements;
+         _this.allowsVertex = function (entity, resolver) {
+           if (entity.type !== 'node') return false;
+           if (Object.keys(entity.tags).length === 0) return true;
+           return resolver["transient"](entity, 'vertexMatch', function () {
+             // address lines allow vertices to act as standalone points
+             if (entity.isOnAddressLine(resolver)) return true;
+             var geometries = osmNodeGeometriesForTags(entity.tags);
+             if (geometries.vertex) return true;
+             if (geometries.point) return false; // allow vertices for unspecified points
 
-           var handle = window.requestIdleCallback(function() {
-               var results = [];
-               var result;
-               for (var i = 0; i < children.length; i++) {
-                   result = parseChild(children[i]);
-                   if (result) results.push(result);
-               }
-               callback(null, results);
+             return true;
            });
+         }; // Because of the open nature of tagging, iD will never have a complete
+         // list of tags used in OSM, so we want it to have logic like "assume
+         // that a closed way with an amenity tag is an area, unless the amenity
+         // is one of these specific types". This function computes a structure
+         // that allows testing of such conditions, based on the presets designated
+         // as as supporting (or not supporting) the area geometry.
+         //
+         // The returned object L is a keeplist/discardlist of tags. A closed way
+         // with a tag (k, v) is considered to be an area if `k in L && !(v in L[k])`
+         // (see `Way#isArea()`). In other words, the keys of L form the keeplist,
+         // and the subkeys form the discardlist.
 
-           _deferred.add(handle);
-
-           function parseChild(child) {
-               var parser = jsonparsers[child.type];
-               if (!parser) return null;
 
-               var uid;
+         _this.areaKeys = function () {
+           // The ignore list is for keys that imply lines. (We always add `area=yes` for exceptions)
+           var ignore = ['barrier', 'highway', 'footway', 'railway', 'junction', 'type'];
+           var areaKeys = {}; // ignore name-suggestion-index and deprecated presets
 
-               uid = osmEntity.id.fromOSM(child.type, child.id);
-               if (options.skipSeen) {
-                   if (_tileCache.seen[uid]) return null;  // avoid reparsing a "seen" entity
-                   _tileCache.seen[uid] = true;
-               }
+           var presets = _this.collection.filter(function (p) {
+             return !p.suggestion && !p.replacement;
+           }); // keeplist
 
-               return parser(child, uid);
-           }
-       }
 
-       var parsers = {
-           node: function nodeData(obj, uid) {
-               var attrs = obj.attributes;
-               return new osmNode({
-                   id: uid,
-                   visible: getVisible(attrs),
-                   version: attrs.version.value,
-                   changeset: attrs.changeset && attrs.changeset.value,
-                   timestamp: attrs.timestamp && attrs.timestamp.value,
-                   user: attrs.user && attrs.user.value,
-                   uid: attrs.uid && attrs.uid.value,
-                   loc: getLoc(attrs),
-                   tags: getTags(obj)
-               });
-           },
+           presets.forEach(function (p) {
+             var keys = p.tags && Object.keys(p.tags);
+             var key = keys && keys.length && keys[0]; // pick the first tag
 
-           way: function wayData(obj, uid) {
-               var attrs = obj.attributes;
-               return new osmWay({
-                   id: uid,
-                   visible: getVisible(attrs),
-                   version: attrs.version.value,
-                   changeset: attrs.changeset && attrs.changeset.value,
-                   timestamp: attrs.timestamp && attrs.timestamp.value,
-                   user: attrs.user && attrs.user.value,
-                   uid: attrs.uid && attrs.uid.value,
-                   tags: getTags(obj),
-                   nodes: getNodes(obj),
-               });
-           },
+             if (!key) return;
+             if (ignore.indexOf(key) !== -1) return;
 
-           relation: function relationData(obj, uid) {
-               var attrs = obj.attributes;
-               return new osmRelation({
-                   id: uid,
-                   visible: getVisible(attrs),
-                   version: attrs.version.value,
-                   changeset: attrs.changeset && attrs.changeset.value,
-                   timestamp: attrs.timestamp && attrs.timestamp.value,
-                   user: attrs.user && attrs.user.value,
-                   uid: attrs.uid && attrs.uid.value,
-                   tags: getTags(obj),
-                   members: getMembers(obj)
-               });
-           },
+             if (p.geometry.indexOf('area') !== -1) {
+               // probably an area..
+               areaKeys[key] = areaKeys[key] || {};
+             }
+           }); // discardlist
 
-           note: function parseNote(obj, uid) {
-               var attrs = obj.attributes;
-               var childNodes = obj.childNodes;
-               var props = {};
+           presets.forEach(function (p) {
+             var key;
 
-               props.id = uid;
-               props.loc = getLoc(attrs);
+             for (key in p.addTags) {
+               // examine all addTags to get a better sense of what can be tagged on lines - #6800
+               var value = p.addTags[key];
 
-               // if notes are coincident, move them apart slightly
-               var coincident = false;
-               var epsilon = 0.00001;
-               do {
-                   if (coincident) {
-                       props.loc = geoVecAdd(props.loc, [epsilon, epsilon]);
-                   }
-                   var bbox = geoExtent(props.loc).bbox();
-                   coincident = _noteCache.rtree.search(bbox).length;
-               } while (coincident);
-
-               // parse note contents
-               for (var i = 0; i < childNodes.length; i++) {
-                   var node = childNodes[i];
-                   var nodeName = node.nodeName;
-                   if (nodeName === '#text') continue;
-
-                   // if the element is comments, parse the comments
-                   if (nodeName === 'comments') {
-                       props[nodeName] = parseComments(node.childNodes);
-                   } else {
-                       props[nodeName] = node.textContent;
-                   }
+               if (key in areaKeys && // probably an area...
+               p.geometry.indexOf('line') !== -1 && // but sometimes a line
+               value !== '*') {
+                 areaKeys[key][value] = true;
                }
+             }
+           });
+           return areaKeys;
+         };
 
-               var note = new osmNote(props);
-               var item = encodeNoteRtree(note);
-               _noteCache.note[note.id] = note;
-               _noteCache.rtree.insert(item);
+         _this.pointTags = function () {
+           return _this.collection.reduce(function (pointTags, d) {
+             // ignore name-suggestion-index, deprecated, and generic presets
+             if (d.suggestion || d.replacement || d.searchable === false) return pointTags; // only care about the primary tag
 
-               return note;
-           },
+             var keys = d.tags && Object.keys(d.tags);
+             var key = keys && keys.length && keys[0]; // pick the first tag
 
-           user: function parseUser(obj, uid) {
-               var attrs = obj.attributes;
-               var user = {
-                   id: uid,
-                   display_name: attrs.display_name && attrs.display_name.value,
-                   account_created: attrs.account_created && attrs.account_created.value,
-                   changesets_count: '0',
-                   active_blocks: '0'
-               };
+             if (!key) return pointTags; // if this can be a point
 
-               var img = obj.getElementsByTagName('img');
-               if (img && img[0] && img[0].getAttribute('href')) {
-                   user.image_url = img[0].getAttribute('href');
-               }
+             if (d.geometry.indexOf('point') !== -1) {
+               pointTags[key] = pointTags[key] || {};
+               pointTags[key][d.tags[key]] = true;
+             }
 
-               var changesets = obj.getElementsByTagName('changesets');
-               if (changesets && changesets[0] && changesets[0].getAttribute('count')) {
-                   user.changesets_count = changesets[0].getAttribute('count');
-               }
+             return pointTags;
+           }, {});
+         };
 
-               var blocks = obj.getElementsByTagName('blocks');
-               if (blocks && blocks[0]) {
-                   var received = blocks[0].getElementsByTagName('received');
-                   if (received && received[0] && received[0].getAttribute('active')) {
-                       user.active_blocks = received[0].getAttribute('active');
-                   }
-               }
+         _this.vertexTags = function () {
+           return _this.collection.reduce(function (vertexTags, d) {
+             // ignore name-suggestion-index, deprecated, and generic presets
+             if (d.suggestion || d.replacement || d.searchable === false) return vertexTags; // only care about the primary tag
 
-               _userCache.user[uid] = user;
-               delete _userCache.toLoad[uid];
-               return user;
-           }
-       };
+             var keys = d.tags && Object.keys(d.tags);
+             var key = keys && keys.length && keys[0]; // pick the first tag
 
+             if (!key) return vertexTags; // if this can be a vertex
 
-       function parseXML(xml, callback, options) {
-           options = Object.assign({ skipSeen: true }, options);
-           if (!xml || !xml.childNodes) {
-               return callback({ message: 'No XML', status: -1 });
-           }
+             if (d.geometry.indexOf('vertex') !== -1) {
+               vertexTags[key] = vertexTags[key] || {};
+               vertexTags[key][d.tags[key]] = true;
+             }
 
-           var root = xml.childNodes[0];
-           var children = root.childNodes;
+             return vertexTags;
+           }, {});
+         };
 
-           var handle = window.requestIdleCallback(function() {
-               var results = [];
-               var result;
-               for (var i = 0; i < children.length; i++) {
-                   result = parseChild(children[i]);
-                   if (result) results.push(result);
-               }
-               callback(null, results);
-           });
+         _this.field = function (id) {
+           return _fields[id];
+         };
 
-           _deferred.add(handle);
+         _this.universal = function () {
+           return _universal;
+         };
 
+         _this.defaults = function (geometry, n, startWithRecents, loc) {
+           var recents = [];
 
-           function parseChild(child) {
-               var parser = parsers[child.nodeName];
-               if (!parser) return null;
+           if (startWithRecents) {
+             recents = _this.recent().matchGeometry(geometry).collection.slice(0, 4);
+           }
 
-               var uid;
-               if (child.nodeName === 'user') {
-                   uid = child.attributes.id.value;
-                   if (options.skipSeen && _userCache.user[uid]) {
-                       delete _userCache.toLoad[uid];
-                       return null;
-                   }
+           var defaults;
 
-               } else if (child.nodeName === 'note') {
-                   uid = child.getElementsByTagName('id')[0].textContent;
+           if (_addablePresetIDs) {
+             defaults = Array.from(_addablePresetIDs).map(function (id) {
+               var preset = _this.item(id);
 
-               } else {
-                   uid = osmEntity.id.fromOSM(child.nodeName, child.attributes.id.value);
-                   if (options.skipSeen) {
-                       if (_tileCache.seen[uid]) return null;  // avoid reparsing a "seen" entity
-                       _tileCache.seen[uid] = true;
-                   }
-               }
+               if (preset && preset.matchGeometry(geometry)) return preset;
+               return null;
+             }).filter(Boolean);
+           } else {
+             defaults = _defaults[geometry].collection.concat(_this.fallback(geometry));
+           }
 
-               return parser(child, uid);
+           var result = presetCollection(utilArrayUniq(recents.concat(defaults)).slice(0, n - 1));
+
+           if (Array.isArray(loc)) {
+             var validLocations = _mainLocations.locationsAt(loc);
+             result.collection = result.collection.filter(function (a) {
+               return !a.locationSetID || validLocations[a.locationSetID];
+             });
            }
-       }
+
+           return result;
+         }; // pass a Set of addable preset ids
 
 
-       // replace or remove note from rtree
-       function updateRtree$3(item, replace) {
-           _noteCache.rtree.remove(item, function isEql(a, b) { return a.data.id === b.data.id; });
+         _this.addablePresetIDs = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _addablePresetIDs; // accept and convert arrays
+
+           if (Array.isArray(val)) val = new Set(val);
+           _addablePresetIDs = val;
 
-           if (replace) {
-               _noteCache.rtree.insert(item);
+           if (_addablePresetIDs) {
+             // reset all presets
+             _this.collection.forEach(function (p) {
+               // categories aren't addable
+               if (p.addable) p.addable(_addablePresetIDs.has(p.id));
+             });
+           } else {
+             _this.collection.forEach(function (p) {
+               if (p.addable) p.addable(true);
+             });
            }
-       }
 
+           return _this;
+         };
 
-       function wrapcb(thisArg, callback, cid) {
-           return function(err, result) {
-               if (err) {
-                   // 400 Bad Request, 401 Unauthorized, 403 Forbidden..
-                   if (err.status === 400 || err.status === 401 || err.status === 403) {
-                       thisArg.logout();
-                   }
-                   return callback.call(thisArg, err);
+         _this.recent = function () {
+           return presetCollection(utilArrayUniq(_this.getRecents().map(function (d) {
+             return d.preset;
+           })));
+         };
 
-               } else if (thisArg.getConnectionId() !== cid) {
-                   return callback.call(thisArg, { message: 'Connection Switched', status: -1 });
+         function RibbonItem(preset, source) {
+           var item = {};
+           item.preset = preset;
+           item.source = source;
 
-               } else {
-                   return callback.call(thisArg, err, result);
-               }
+           item.isFavorite = function () {
+             return item.source === 'favorite';
            };
-       }
 
+           item.isRecent = function () {
+             return item.source === 'recent';
+           };
 
-       var serviceOsm = {
+           item.matches = function (preset) {
+             return item.preset.id === preset.id;
+           };
 
-           init: function() {
-               utilRebind(this, dispatch$6, 'on');
-           },
+           item.minified = function () {
+             return {
+               pID: item.preset.id
+             };
+           };
 
+           return item;
+         }
 
-           reset: function() {
-               Array.from(_deferred).forEach(function(handle) {
-                   window.cancelIdleCallback(handle);
-                   _deferred.delete(handle);
-               });
+         function ribbonItemForMinified(d, source) {
+           if (d && d.pID) {
+             var preset = _this.item(d.pID);
 
-               _connectionID++;
-               _userChangesets = undefined;
-               _userDetails = undefined;
-               _rateLimitError = undefined;
+             if (!preset) return null;
+             return RibbonItem(preset, source);
+           }
 
-               Object.values(_tileCache.inflight).forEach(abortRequest$5);
-               Object.values(_noteCache.inflight).forEach(abortRequest$5);
-               Object.values(_noteCache.inflightPost).forEach(abortRequest$5);
-               if (_changeset.inflight) abortRequest$5(_changeset.inflight);
+           return null;
+         }
 
-               _tileCache = { toLoad: {}, loaded: {}, inflight: {}, seen: {}, rtree: new RBush() };
-               _noteCache = { toLoad: {}, loaded: {}, inflight: {}, inflightPost: {}, note: {}, closed: {}, rtree: new RBush() };
-               _userCache = { toLoad: {}, user: {} };
-               _cachedApiStatus = undefined;
-               _changeset = {};
+         _this.getGenericRibbonItems = function () {
+           return ['point', 'line', 'area'].map(function (id) {
+             return RibbonItem(_this.item(id), 'generic');
+           });
+         };
 
-               return this;
-           },
+         _this.getAddable = function () {
+           if (!_addablePresetIDs) return [];
+           return _addablePresetIDs.map(function (id) {
+             var preset = _this.item(id);
 
+             if (preset) return RibbonItem(preset, 'addable');
+             return null;
+           }).filter(Boolean);
+         };
 
-           getConnectionId: function() {
-               return _connectionID;
-           },
+         function setRecents(items) {
+           _recents = items;
+           var minifiedItems = items.map(function (d) {
+             return d.minified();
+           });
+           corePreferences('preset_recents', JSON.stringify(minifiedItems));
+           dispatch.call('recentsChange');
+         }
 
+         _this.getRecents = function () {
+           if (!_recents) {
+             // fetch from local storage
+             _recents = (JSON.parse(corePreferences('preset_recents')) || []).reduce(function (acc, d) {
+               var item = ribbonItemForMinified(d, 'recent');
+               if (item && item.preset.addable()) acc.push(item);
+               return acc;
+             }, []);
+           }
 
-           changesetURL: function(changesetID) {
-               return urlroot + '/changeset/' + changesetID;
-           },
+           return _recents;
+         };
 
+         _this.addRecent = function (preset, besidePreset, after) {
+           var recents = _this.getRecents();
 
-           changesetsURL: function(center, zoom) {
-               var precision = Math.max(0, Math.ceil(Math.log(zoom) / Math.LN2));
-               return urlroot + '/history#map=' +
-                   Math.floor(zoom) + '/' +
-                   center[1].toFixed(precision) + '/' +
-                   center[0].toFixed(precision);
-           },
+           var beforeItem = _this.recentMatching(besidePreset);
 
+           var toIndex = recents.indexOf(beforeItem);
+           if (after) toIndex += 1;
+           var newItem = RibbonItem(preset, 'recent');
+           recents.splice(toIndex, 0, newItem);
+           setRecents(recents);
+         };
 
-           entityURL: function(entity) {
-               return urlroot + '/' + entity.type + '/' + entity.osmId();
-           },
+         _this.removeRecent = function (preset) {
+           var item = _this.recentMatching(preset);
 
+           if (item) {
+             var items = _this.getRecents();
 
-           historyURL: function(entity) {
-               return urlroot + '/' + entity.type + '/' + entity.osmId() + '/history';
-           },
+             items.splice(items.indexOf(item), 1);
+             setRecents(items);
+           }
+         };
 
+         _this.recentMatching = function (preset) {
+           var items = _this.getRecents();
 
-           userURL: function(username) {
-               return urlroot + '/user/' + username;
-           },
+           for (var i in items) {
+             if (items[i].matches(preset)) {
+               return items[i];
+             }
+           }
 
+           return null;
+         };
 
-           noteURL: function(note) {
-               return urlroot + '/note/' + note.id;
-           },
+         _this.moveItem = function (items, fromIndex, toIndex) {
+           if (fromIndex === toIndex || fromIndex < 0 || toIndex < 0 || fromIndex >= items.length || toIndex >= items.length) return null;
+           items.splice(toIndex, 0, items.splice(fromIndex, 1)[0]);
+           return items;
+         };
 
+         _this.moveRecent = function (item, beforeItem) {
+           var recents = _this.getRecents();
 
-           noteReportURL: function(note) {
-               return urlroot + '/reports/new?reportable_type=Note&reportable_id=' + note.id;
-           },
+           var fromIndex = recents.indexOf(item);
+           var toIndex = recents.indexOf(beforeItem);
 
+           var items = _this.moveItem(recents, fromIndex, toIndex);
 
-           // Generic method to load data from the OSM API
-           // Can handle either auth or unauth calls.
-           loadFromAPI: function(path, callback, options) {
-               options = Object.assign({ skipSeen: true }, options);
-               var that = this;
-               var cid = _connectionID;
+           if (items) setRecents(items);
+         };
 
-               function done(err, payload) {
-                   if (that.getConnectionId() !== cid) {
-                       if (callback) callback({ message: 'Connection Switched', status: -1 });
-                       return;
-                   }
+         _this.setMostRecent = function (preset) {
+           if (preset.searchable === false) return;
 
-                   var isAuthenticated = that.authenticated();
+           var items = _this.getRecents();
 
-                   // 400 Bad Request, 401 Unauthorized, 403 Forbidden
-                   // Logout and retry the request..
-                   if (isAuthenticated && err && err.status &&
-                           (err.status === 400 || err.status === 401 || err.status === 403)) {
-                       that.logout();
-                       that.loadFromAPI(path, callback, options);
+           var item = _this.recentMatching(preset);
 
-                   // else, no retry..
-                   } else {
-                       // 509 Bandwidth Limit Exceeded, 429 Too Many Requests
-                       // Set the rateLimitError flag and trigger a warning..
-                       if (!isAuthenticated && !_rateLimitError && err && err.status &&
-                               (err.status === 509 || err.status === 429)) {
-                           _rateLimitError = err;
-                           dispatch$6.call('change');
-                           that.reloadApiStatus();
-
-                       } else if ((err && _cachedApiStatus === 'online') ||
-                           (!err && _cachedApiStatus !== 'online')) {
-                           // If the response's error state doesn't match the status,
-                           // it's likely we lost or gained the connection so reload the status
-                           that.reloadApiStatus();
-                       }
+           if (item) {
+             items.splice(items.indexOf(item), 1);
+           } else {
+             item = RibbonItem(preset, 'recent');
+           } // remove the last recent (first in, first out)
 
-                       if (callback) {
-                           if (err) {
-                               return callback(err);
-                           } else {
-                               if (path.indexOf('.json') !== -1) {
-                                   return parseJSON(payload, callback, options);
-                               } else {
-                                   return parseXML(payload, callback, options);
-                               }
-                           }
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
 
-               if (this.authenticated()) {
-                   return oauth.xhr({ method: 'GET', path: path }, done);
-               } else {
-                   var url = urlroot + path;
-                   var controller = new AbortController();
-                   d3_json(url, { signal: controller.signal })
-                       .then(function(data) {
-                           done(null, data);
-                       })
-                       .catch(function(err) {
-                           if (err.name === 'AbortError') return;
-                           // d3-fetch includes status in the error message,
-                           // but we can't access the response itself
-                           // https://github.com/d3/d3-fetch/issues/27
-                           var match = err.message.match(/^\d{3}/);
-                           if (match) {
-                               done({ status: +match[0], statusText: err.message });
-                           } else {
-                               done(err.message);
-                           }
-                       });
-                   return controller;
-               }
-           },
+           while (items.length >= MAXRECENTS) {
+             items.pop();
+           } // prepend array
 
 
-           // Load a single entity by id (ways and relations use the `/full` call)
-           // GET /api/0.6/node/#id
-           // GET /api/0.6/[way|relation]/#id/full
-           loadEntity: function(id, callback) {
-               var type = osmEntity.id.type(id);
-               var osmID = osmEntity.id.toOSM(id);
-               var options = { skipSeen: false };
+           items.unshift(item);
+           setRecents(items);
+         };
 
-               this.loadFromAPI(
-                   '/api/0.6/' + type + '/' + osmID + (type !== 'node' ? '/full' : '') + '.json',
-                   function(err, entities) {
-                       if (callback) callback(err, { data: entities });
-                   },
-                   options
-               );
-           },
+         function setFavorites(items) {
+           _favorites = items;
+           var minifiedItems = items.map(function (d) {
+             return d.minified();
+           });
+           corePreferences('preset_favorites', JSON.stringify(minifiedItems)); // call update
 
+           dispatch.call('favoritePreset');
+         }
 
-           // Load a single entity with a specific version
-           // GET /api/0.6/[node|way|relation]/#id/#version
-           loadEntityVersion: function(id, version, callback) {
-               var type = osmEntity.id.type(id);
-               var osmID = osmEntity.id.toOSM(id);
-               var options = { skipSeen: false };
+         _this.addFavorite = function (preset, besidePreset, after) {
+           var favorites = _this.getFavorites();
 
-               this.loadFromAPI(
-                   '/api/0.6/' + type + '/' + osmID + '/' + version + '.json',
-                   function(err, entities) {
-                       if (callback) callback(err, { data: entities });
-                   },
-                   options
-               );
-           },
+           var beforeItem = _this.favoriteMatching(besidePreset);
 
+           var toIndex = favorites.indexOf(beforeItem);
+           if (after) toIndex += 1;
+           var newItem = RibbonItem(preset, 'favorite');
+           favorites.splice(toIndex, 0, newItem);
+           setFavorites(favorites);
+         };
 
-           // Load multiple entities in chunks
-           // (note: callback may be called multiple times)
-           // Unlike `loadEntity`, child nodes and members are not fetched
-           // GET /api/0.6/[nodes|ways|relations]?#parameters
-           loadMultiple: function(ids, callback) {
-               var that = this;
-               var groups = utilArrayGroupBy(utilArrayUniq(ids), osmEntity.id.type);
-
-               Object.keys(groups).forEach(function(k) {
-                   var type = k + 's';   // nodes, ways, relations
-                   var osmIDs = groups[k].map(function(id) { return osmEntity.id.toOSM(id); });
-                   var options = { skipSeen: false };
-
-                   utilArrayChunk(osmIDs, 150).forEach(function(arr) {
-                       that.loadFromAPI(
-                           '/api/0.6/' + type + '.json?' + type + '=' + arr.join(),
-                           function(err, entities) {
-                               if (callback) callback(err, { data: entities });
-                           },
-                           options
-                       );
-                   });
-               });
-           },
+         _this.toggleFavorite = function (preset) {
+           var favs = _this.getFavorites();
+
+           var favorite = _this.favoriteMatching(preset);
 
+           if (favorite) {
+             favs.splice(favs.indexOf(favorite), 1);
+           } else {
+             // only allow 10 favorites
+             if (favs.length === 10) {
+               // remove the last favorite (last in, first out)
+               favs.pop();
+             } // append array
 
-           // Create, upload, and close a changeset
-           // PUT /api/0.6/changeset/create
-           // POST /api/0.6/changeset/#id/upload
-           // PUT /api/0.6/changeset/#id/close
-           putChangeset: function(changeset, changes, callback) {
-               var cid = _connectionID;
 
-               if (_changeset.inflight) {
-                   return callback({ message: 'Changeset already inflight', status: -2 }, changeset);
+             favs.push(RibbonItem(preset, 'favorite'));
+           }
 
-               } else if (_changeset.open) {   // reuse existing open changeset..
-                   return createdChangeset.call(this, null, _changeset.open);
+           setFavorites(favs);
+         };
 
-               } else {   // Open a new changeset..
-                   var options = {
-                       method: 'PUT',
-                       path: '/api/0.6/changeset/create',
-                       options: { header: { 'Content-Type': 'text/xml' } },
-                       content: JXON.stringify(changeset.asJXON())
-                   };
-                   _changeset.inflight = oauth.xhr(
-                       options,
-                       wrapcb(this, createdChangeset, cid)
-                   );
-               }
+         _this.removeFavorite = function (preset) {
+           var item = _this.favoriteMatching(preset);
 
+           if (item) {
+             var items = _this.getFavorites();
 
-               function createdChangeset(err, changesetID) {
-                   _changeset.inflight = null;
-                   if (err) { return callback(err, changeset); }
+             items.splice(items.indexOf(item), 1);
+             setFavorites(items);
+           }
+         };
 
-                   _changeset.open = changesetID;
-                   changeset = changeset.update({ id: changesetID });
+         _this.getFavorites = function () {
+           if (!_favorites) {
+             // fetch from local storage
+             var rawFavorites = JSON.parse(corePreferences('preset_favorites'));
 
-                   // Upload the changeset..
-                   var options = {
-                       method: 'POST',
-                       path: '/api/0.6/changeset/' + changesetID + '/upload',
-                       options: { header: { 'Content-Type': 'text/xml' } },
-                       content: JXON.stringify(changeset.osmChangeJXON(changes))
-                   };
-                   _changeset.inflight = oauth.xhr(
-                       options,
-                       wrapcb(this, uploadedChangeset, cid)
-                   );
-               }
-
-
-               function uploadedChangeset(err) {
-                   _changeset.inflight = null;
-                   if (err) return callback(err, changeset);
-
-                   // Upload was successful, safe to call the callback.
-                   // Add delay to allow for postgres replication #1646 #2678
-                   window.setTimeout(function() { callback(null, changeset); }, 2500);
-                   _changeset.open = null;
-
-                   // At this point, we don't really care if the connection was switched..
-                   // Only try to close the changeset if we're still talking to the same server.
-                   if (this.getConnectionId() === cid) {
-                       // Still attempt to close changeset, but ignore response because #2667
-                       oauth.xhr({
-                           method: 'PUT',
-                           path: '/api/0.6/changeset/' + changeset.id + '/close',
-                           options: { header: { 'Content-Type': 'text/xml' } }
-                       }, function() { return true; });
-                   }
-               }
-           },
+             if (!rawFavorites) {
+               rawFavorites = [];
+               corePreferences('preset_favorites', JSON.stringify(rawFavorites));
+             }
 
+             _favorites = rawFavorites.reduce(function (output, d) {
+               var item = ribbonItemForMinified(d, 'favorite');
+               if (item && item.preset.addable()) output.push(item);
+               return output;
+             }, []);
+           }
 
-           // Load multiple users in chunks
-           // (note: callback may be called multiple times)
-           // GET /api/0.6/users?users=#id1,#id2,...,#idn
-           loadUsers: function(uids, callback) {
-               var toLoad = [];
-               var cached = [];
+           return _favorites;
+         };
 
-               utilArrayUniq(uids).forEach(function(uid) {
-                   if (_userCache.user[uid]) {
-                       delete _userCache.toLoad[uid];
-                       cached.push(_userCache.user[uid]);
-                   } else {
-                       toLoad.push(uid);
-                   }
-               });
+         _this.favoriteMatching = function (preset) {
+           var favs = _this.getFavorites();
 
-               if (cached.length || !this.authenticated()) {
-                   callback(undefined, cached);
-                   if (!this.authenticated()) return;  // require auth
-               }
+           for (var index in favs) {
+             if (favs[index].matches(preset)) {
+               return favs[index];
+             }
+           }
 
-               utilArrayChunk(toLoad, 150).forEach(function(arr) {
-                   oauth.xhr(
-                       { method: 'GET', path: '/api/0.6/users?users=' + arr.join() },
-                       wrapcb(this, done, _connectionID)
-                   );
-               }.bind(this));
+           return null;
+         };
 
-               function done(err, xml) {
-                   if (err) { return callback(err); }
+         return utilRebind(_this, dispatch, 'on');
+       }
 
-                   var options = { skipSeen: true };
-                   return parseXML(xml, function(err, results) {
-                       if (err) {
-                           return callback(err);
-                       } else {
-                           return callback(undefined, results);
-                       }
-                   }, options);
-               }
-           },
+       function utilTagText(entity) {
+         var obj = entity && entity.tags || {};
+         return Object.keys(obj).map(function (k) {
+           return k + '=' + obj[k];
+         }).join(', ');
+       }
+       function utilTotalExtent(array, graph) {
+         var extent = geoExtent();
+         var val, entity;
 
+         for (var i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
+           val = array[i];
+           entity = typeof val === 'string' ? graph.hasEntity(val) : val;
 
-           // Load a given user by id
-           // GET /api/0.6/user/#id
-           loadUser: function(uid, callback) {
-               if (_userCache.user[uid] || !this.authenticated()) {   // require auth
-                   delete _userCache.toLoad[uid];
-                   return callback(undefined, _userCache.user[uid]);
-               }
+           if (entity) {
+             extent._extend(entity.extent(graph));
+           }
+         }
 
-               oauth.xhr(
-                   { method: 'GET', path: '/api/0.6/user/' + uid },
-                   wrapcb(this, done, _connectionID)
-               );
+         return extent;
+       }
+       function utilTagDiff(oldTags, newTags) {
+         var tagDiff = [];
+         var keys = utilArrayUnion(Object.keys(oldTags), Object.keys(newTags)).sort();
+         keys.forEach(function (k) {
+           var oldVal = oldTags[k];
+           var newVal = newTags[k];
+
+           if ((oldVal || oldVal === '') && (newVal === undefined || newVal !== oldVal)) {
+             tagDiff.push({
+               type: '-',
+               key: k,
+               oldVal: oldVal,
+               newVal: newVal,
+               display: '- ' + k + '=' + oldVal
+             });
+           }
 
-               function done(err, xml) {
-                   if (err) { return callback(err); }
+           if ((newVal || newVal === '') && (oldVal === undefined || newVal !== oldVal)) {
+             tagDiff.push({
+               type: '+',
+               key: k,
+               oldVal: oldVal,
+               newVal: newVal,
+               display: '+ ' + k + '=' + newVal
+             });
+           }
+         });
+         return tagDiff;
+       }
+       function utilEntitySelector(ids) {
+         return ids.length ? '.' + ids.join(',.') : 'nothing';
+       } // returns an selector to select entity ids for:
+       //  - entityIDs passed in
+       //  - shallow descendant entityIDs for any of those entities that are relations
 
-                   var options = { skipSeen: true };
-                   return parseXML(xml, function(err, results) {
-                       if (err) {
-                           return callback(err);
-                       } else {
-                           return callback(undefined, results[0]);
-                       }
-                   }, options);
-               }
-           },
+       function utilEntityOrMemberSelector(ids, graph) {
+         var seen = new Set(ids);
+         ids.forEach(collectShallowDescendants);
+         return utilEntitySelector(Array.from(seen));
+
+         function collectShallowDescendants(id) {
+           var entity = graph.hasEntity(id);
+           if (!entity || entity.type !== 'relation') return;
+           entity.members.map(function (member) {
+             return member.id;
+           }).forEach(function (id) {
+             seen.add(id);
+           });
+         }
+       } // returns an selector to select entity ids for:
+       //  - entityIDs passed in
+       //  - deep descendant entityIDs for any of those entities that are relations
 
+       function utilEntityOrDeepMemberSelector(ids, graph) {
+         return utilEntitySelector(utilEntityAndDeepMemberIDs(ids, graph));
+       } // returns an selector to select entity ids for:
+       //  - entityIDs passed in
+       //  - deep descendant entityIDs for any of those entities that are relations
 
-           // Load the details of the logged-in user
-           // GET /api/0.6/user/details
-           userDetails: function(callback) {
-               if (_userDetails) {    // retrieve cached
-                   return callback(undefined, _userDetails);
-               }
+       function utilEntityAndDeepMemberIDs(ids, graph) {
+         var seen = new Set();
+         ids.forEach(collectDeepDescendants);
+         return Array.from(seen);
+
+         function collectDeepDescendants(id) {
+           if (seen.has(id)) return;
+           seen.add(id);
+           var entity = graph.hasEntity(id);
+           if (!entity || entity.type !== 'relation') return;
+           entity.members.map(function (member) {
+             return member.id;
+           }).forEach(collectDeepDescendants); // recurse
+         }
+       } // returns an selector to select entity ids for:
+       //  - deep descendant entityIDs for any of those entities that are relations
 
-               oauth.xhr(
-                   { method: 'GET', path: '/api/0.6/user/details' },
-                   wrapcb(this, done, _connectionID)
-               );
+       function utilDeepMemberSelector(ids, graph, skipMultipolgonMembers) {
+         var idsSet = new Set(ids);
+         var seen = new Set();
+         var returners = new Set();
+         ids.forEach(collectDeepDescendants);
+         return utilEntitySelector(Array.from(returners));
 
-               function done(err, xml) {
-                   if (err) { return callback(err); }
+         function collectDeepDescendants(id) {
+           if (seen.has(id)) return;
+           seen.add(id);
 
-                   var options = { skipSeen: false };
-                   return parseXML(xml, function(err, results) {
-                       if (err) {
-                           return callback(err);
-                       } else {
-                           _userDetails = results[0];
-                           return callback(undefined, _userDetails);
-                       }
-                   }, options);
-               }
-           },
+           if (!idsSet.has(id)) {
+             returners.add(id);
+           }
 
+           var entity = graph.hasEntity(id);
+           if (!entity || entity.type !== 'relation') return;
+           if (skipMultipolgonMembers && entity.isMultipolygon()) return;
+           entity.members.map(function (member) {
+             return member.id;
+           }).forEach(collectDeepDescendants); // recurse
+         }
+       } // Adds or removes highlight styling for the specified entities
 
-           // Load previous changesets for the logged in user
-           // GET /api/0.6/changesets?user=#id
-           userChangesets: function(callback) {
-               if (_userChangesets) {    // retrieve cached
-                   return callback(undefined, _userChangesets);
-               }
+       function utilHighlightEntities(ids, highlighted, context) {
+         context.surface().selectAll(utilEntityOrDeepMemberSelector(ids, context.graph())).classed('highlighted', highlighted);
+       } // returns an Array that is the union of:
+       //  - nodes for any nodeIDs passed in
+       //  - child nodes of any wayIDs passed in
+       //  - descendant member and child nodes of relationIDs passed in
 
-               this.userDetails(
-                   wrapcb(this, gotDetails, _connectionID)
-               );
+       function utilGetAllNodes(ids, graph) {
+         var seen = new Set();
+         var nodes = new Set();
+         ids.forEach(collectNodes);
+         return Array.from(nodes);
+
+         function collectNodes(id) {
+           if (seen.has(id)) return;
+           seen.add(id);
+           var entity = graph.hasEntity(id);
+           if (!entity) return;
+
+           if (entity.type === 'node') {
+             nodes.add(entity);
+           } else if (entity.type === 'way') {
+             entity.nodes.forEach(collectNodes);
+           } else {
+             entity.members.map(function (member) {
+               return member.id;
+             }).forEach(collectNodes); // recurse
+           }
+         }
+       }
+       function utilDisplayName(entity) {
+         var localizedNameKey = 'name:' + _mainLocalizer.languageCode().toLowerCase();
+         var name = entity.tags[localizedNameKey] || entity.tags.name || '';
+         if (name) return name;
+         var tags = {
+           direction: entity.tags.direction,
+           from: entity.tags.from,
+           network: entity.tags.cycle_network || entity.tags.network,
+           ref: entity.tags.ref,
+           to: entity.tags.to,
+           via: entity.tags.via
+         };
+         var keyComponents = [];
 
+         if (tags.network) {
+           keyComponents.push('network');
+         }
 
-               function gotDetails(err, user) {
-                   if (err) { return callback(err); }
+         if (tags.ref) {
+           keyComponents.push('ref');
+         } // Routes may need more disambiguation based on direction or destination
 
-                   oauth.xhr(
-                       { method: 'GET', path: '/api/0.6/changesets?user=' + user.id },
-                       wrapcb(this, done, _connectionID)
-                   );
-               }
 
-               function done(err, xml) {
-                   if (err) { return callback(err); }
+         if (entity.tags.route) {
+           if (tags.direction) {
+             keyComponents.push('direction');
+           } else if (tags.from && tags.to) {
+             keyComponents.push('from');
+             keyComponents.push('to');
 
-                   _userChangesets = Array.prototype.map.call(
-                       xml.getElementsByTagName('changeset'),
-                       function (changeset) { return { tags: getTags(changeset) }; }
-                   ).filter(function (changeset) {
-                       var comment = changeset.tags.comment;
-                       return comment && comment !== '';
-                   });
+             if (tags.via) {
+               keyComponents.push('via');
+             }
+           }
+         }
 
-                   return callback(undefined, _userChangesets);
-               }
-           },
+         if (keyComponents.length) {
+           name = _t('inspector.display_name.' + keyComponents.join('_'), tags);
+         }
 
+         return name;
+       }
+       function utilDisplayNameForPath(entity) {
+         var name = utilDisplayName(entity);
+         var isFirefox = utilDetect().browser.toLowerCase().indexOf('firefox') > -1;
 
-           // Fetch the status of the OSM API
-           // GET /api/capabilities
-           status: function(callback) {
-               var url = urlroot + '/api/capabilities';
-               var errback = wrapcb(this, done, _connectionID);
-               d3_xml(url)
-                   .then(function(data) { errback(null, data); })
-                   .catch(function(err) { errback(err.message); });
+         if (!isFirefox && name && rtlRegex.test(name)) {
+           name = fixRTLTextForSvg(name);
+         }
 
-               function done(err, xml) {
-                   if (err) {
-                       // the status is null if no response could be retrieved
-                       return callback(err, null);
-                   }
+         return name;
+       }
+       function utilDisplayType(id) {
+         return {
+           n: _t('inspector.node'),
+           w: _t('inspector.way'),
+           r: _t('inspector.relation')
+         }[id.charAt(0)];
+       } // `utilDisplayLabel`
+       // Returns a string suitable for display
+       // By default returns something like name/ref, fallback to preset type, fallback to OSM type
+       //   "Main Street" or "Tertiary Road"
+       // If `verbose=true`, include both preset name and feature name.
+       //   "Tertiary Road Main Street"
+       //
 
-                   // update blacklists
-                   var elements = xml.getElementsByTagName('blacklist');
-                   var regexes = [];
-                   for (var i = 0; i < elements.length; i++) {
-                       var regex = elements[i].getAttribute('regex');  // needs unencode?
-                       if (regex) {
-                           regexes.push(regex);
-                       }
-                   }
-                   if (regexes.length) {
-                       _blacklists = regexes;
-                   }
+       function utilDisplayLabel(entity, graphOrGeometry, verbose) {
+         var result;
+         var displayName = utilDisplayName(entity);
+         var preset = typeof graphOrGeometry === 'string' ? _mainPresetIndex.matchTags(entity.tags, graphOrGeometry) : _mainPresetIndex.match(entity, graphOrGeometry);
+         var presetName = preset && (preset.suggestion ? preset.subtitle() : preset.name());
 
-                   if (_rateLimitError) {
-                       return callback(_rateLimitError, 'rateLimited');
-                   } else {
-                       var waynodes = xml.getElementsByTagName('waynodes');
-                       var maxWayNodes = waynodes.length && parseInt(waynodes[0].getAttribute('maximum'), 10);
-                       if (maxWayNodes && isFinite(maxWayNodes)) _maxWayNodes = maxWayNodes;
+         if (verbose) {
+           result = [presetName, displayName].filter(Boolean).join(' ');
+         } else {
+           result = displayName || presetName;
+         } // Fallback to the OSM type (node/way/relation)
 
-                       var apiStatus = xml.getElementsByTagName('status');
-                       var val = apiStatus[0].getAttribute('api');
-                       return callback(undefined, val);
-                   }
-               }
-           },
 
-           // Calls `status` and dispatches an `apiStatusChange` event if the returned
-           // status differs from the cached status.
-           reloadApiStatus: function() {
-               // throttle to avoid unncessary API calls
-               if (!this.throttledReloadApiStatus) {
-                   var that = this;
-                   this.throttledReloadApiStatus = throttle(function() {
-                       that.status(function(err, status) {
-                           if (status !== _cachedApiStatus) {
-                               _cachedApiStatus = status;
-                               dispatch$6.call('apiStatusChange', that, err, status);
-                           }
-                       });
-                   }, 500);
-               }
-               this.throttledReloadApiStatus();
-           },
+         return result || utilDisplayType(entity.id);
+       }
+       function utilEntityRoot(entityType) {
+         return {
+           node: 'n',
+           way: 'w',
+           relation: 'r'
+         }[entityType];
+       } // Returns a single object containing the tags of all the given entities.
+       // Example:
+       // {
+       //   highway: 'service',
+       //   service: 'parking_aisle'
+       // }
+       //           +
+       // {
+       //   highway: 'service',
+       //   service: 'driveway',
+       //   width: '3'
+       // }
+       //           =
+       // {
+       //   highway: 'service',
+       //   service: [ 'driveway', 'parking_aisle' ],
+       //   width: [ '3', undefined ]
+       // }
 
+       function utilCombinedTags(entityIDs, graph) {
+         var tags = {};
+         var tagCounts = {};
+         var allKeys = new Set();
+         var entities = entityIDs.map(function (entityID) {
+           return graph.hasEntity(entityID);
+         }).filter(Boolean); // gather the aggregate keys
+
+         entities.forEach(function (entity) {
+           var keys = Object.keys(entity.tags).filter(Boolean);
+           keys.forEach(function (key) {
+             allKeys.add(key);
+           });
+         });
+         entities.forEach(function (entity) {
+           allKeys.forEach(function (key) {
+             var value = entity.tags[key]; // purposely allow `undefined`
 
-           // Returns the maximum number of nodes a single way can have
-           maxWayNodes: function() {
-               return _maxWayNodes;
-           },
+             if (!tags.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
+               // first value, set as raw
+               tags[key] = value;
+             } else {
+               if (!Array.isArray(tags[key])) {
+                 if (tags[key] !== value) {
+                   // first alternate value, replace single value with array
+                   tags[key] = [tags[key], value];
+                 }
+               } else {
+                 // type is array
+                 if (tags[key].indexOf(value) === -1) {
+                   // subsequent alternate value, add to array
+                   tags[key].push(value);
+                 }
+               }
+             }
 
+             var tagHash = key + '=' + value;
+             if (!tagCounts[tagHash]) tagCounts[tagHash] = 0;
+             tagCounts[tagHash] += 1;
+           });
+         });
 
-           // Load data (entities) from the API in tiles
-           // GET /api/0.6/map?bbox=
-           loadTiles: function(projection, callback) {
-               if (_off) return;
+         for (var key in tags) {
+           if (!Array.isArray(tags[key])) continue; // sort values by frequency then alphabetically
 
-               // determine the needed tiles to cover the view
-               var tiles = tiler$5.zoomExtent([_tileZoom$3, _tileZoom$3]).getTiles(projection);
+           tags[key] = tags[key].sort(function (val1, val2) {
+             var key = key; // capture
 
-               // abort inflight requests that are no longer needed
-               var hadRequests = hasInflightRequests(_tileCache);
-               abortUnwantedRequests$3(_tileCache, tiles);
-               if (hadRequests && !hasInflightRequests(_tileCache)) {
-                   dispatch$6.call('loaded');    // stop the spinner
-               }
+             var count2 = tagCounts[key + '=' + val2];
+             var count1 = tagCounts[key + '=' + val1];
 
-               // issue new requests..
-               tiles.forEach(function(tile) {
-                   this.loadTile(tile, callback);
-               }, this);
-           },
+             if (count2 !== count1) {
+               return count2 - count1;
+             }
 
+             if (val2 && val1) {
+               return val1.localeCompare(val2);
+             }
 
-           // Load a single data tile
-           // GET /api/0.6/map?bbox=
-           loadTile: function(tile, callback) {
-               if (_off) return;
-               if (_tileCache.loaded[tile.id] || _tileCache.inflight[tile.id]) return;
+             return val1 ? 1 : -1;
+           });
+         }
 
-               if (!hasInflightRequests(_tileCache)) {
-                   dispatch$6.call('loading');   // start the spinner
-               }
+         return tags;
+       }
+       function utilStringQs(str) {
+         var i = 0; // advance past any leading '?' or '#' characters
 
-               var path = '/api/0.6/map.json?bbox=';
-               var options = { skipSeen: true };
+         while (i < str.length && (str[i] === '?' || str[i] === '#')) {
+           i++;
+         }
 
-               _tileCache.inflight[tile.id] = this.loadFromAPI(
-                   path + tile.extent.toParam(),
-                   tileCallback,
-                   options
-               );
+         str = str.slice(i);
+         return str.split('&').reduce(function (obj, pair) {
+           var parts = pair.split('=');
 
-               function tileCallback(err, parsed) {
-                   delete _tileCache.inflight[tile.id];
-                   if (!err) {
-                       delete _tileCache.toLoad[tile.id];
-                       _tileCache.loaded[tile.id] = true;
-                       var bbox = tile.extent.bbox();
-                       bbox.id = tile.id;
-                       _tileCache.rtree.insert(bbox);
-                   }
-                   if (callback) {
-                       callback(err, Object.assign({ data: parsed }, tile));
-                   }
-                   if (!hasInflightRequests(_tileCache)) {
-                       dispatch$6.call('loaded');     // stop the spinner
-                   }
-               }
-           },
+           if (parts.length === 2) {
+             obj[parts[0]] = null === parts[1] ? '' : decodeURIComponent(parts[1]);
+           }
 
+           return obj;
+         }, {});
+       }
+       function utilQsString(obj, noencode) {
+         // encode everything except special characters used in certain hash parameters:
+         // "/" in map states, ":", ",", {" and "}" in background
+         function softEncode(s) {
+           return encodeURIComponent(s).replace(/(%2F|%3A|%2C|%7B|%7D)/g, decodeURIComponent);
+         }
 
-           isDataLoaded: function(loc) {
-               var bbox = { minX: loc[0], minY: loc[1], maxX: loc[0], maxY: loc[1] };
-               return _tileCache.rtree.collides(bbox);
-           },
+         return Object.keys(obj).sort().map(function (key) {
+           return encodeURIComponent(key) + '=' + (noencode ? softEncode(obj[key]) : encodeURIComponent(obj[key]));
+         }).join('&');
+       }
+       function utilPrefixDOMProperty(property) {
+         var prefixes = ['webkit', 'ms', 'moz', 'o'];
+         var i = -1;
+         var n = prefixes.length;
+         var s = document.body;
+         if (property in s) return property;
+         property = property.substr(0, 1).toUpperCase() + property.substr(1);
 
+         while (++i < n) {
+           if (prefixes[i] + property in s) {
+             return prefixes[i] + property;
+           }
+         }
 
-           // load the tile that covers the given `loc`
-           loadTileAtLoc: function(loc, callback) {
-               // Back off if the toLoad queue is filling up.. re #6417
-               // (Currently `loadTileAtLoc` requests are considered low priority - used by operations to
-               // let users safely edit geometries which extend to unloaded tiles.  We can drop some.)
-               if (Object.keys(_tileCache.toLoad).length > 50) return;
+         return false;
+       }
+       function utilPrefixCSSProperty(property) {
+         var prefixes = ['webkit', 'ms', 'Moz', 'O'];
+         var i = -1;
+         var n = prefixes.length;
+         var s = document.body.style;
 
-               var k = geoZoomToScale(_tileZoom$3 + 1);
-               var offset = geoRawMercator().scale(k)(loc);
-               var projection = geoRawMercator().transform({ k: k, x: -offset[0], y: -offset[1] });
-               var tiles = tiler$5.zoomExtent([_tileZoom$3, _tileZoom$3]).getTiles(projection);
+         if (property.toLowerCase() in s) {
+           return property.toLowerCase();
+         }
 
-               tiles.forEach(function(tile) {
-                   if (_tileCache.toLoad[tile.id] || _tileCache.loaded[tile.id] || _tileCache.inflight[tile.id]) return;
+         while (++i < n) {
+           if (prefixes[i] + property in s) {
+             return '-' + prefixes[i].toLowerCase() + property.replace(/([A-Z])/g, '-$1').toLowerCase();
+           }
+         }
 
-                   _tileCache.toLoad[tile.id] = true;
-                   this.loadTile(tile, callback);
-               }, this);
-           },
+         return false;
+       }
+       var transformProperty;
+       function utilSetTransform(el, x, y, scale) {
+         var prop = transformProperty = transformProperty || utilPrefixCSSProperty('Transform');
+         var translate = utilDetect().opera ? 'translate(' + x + 'px,' + y + 'px)' : 'translate3d(' + x + 'px,' + y + 'px,0)';
+         return el.style(prop, translate + (scale ? ' scale(' + scale + ')' : ''));
+       } // Calculates Levenshtein distance between two strings
+       // see:  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenshtein_distance
+       // first converts the strings to lowercase and replaces diacritic marks with ascii equivalents.
 
+       function utilEditDistance(a, b) {
+         a = remove$6(a.toLowerCase());
+         b = remove$6(b.toLowerCase());
+         if (a.length === 0) return b.length;
+         if (b.length === 0) return a.length;
+         var matrix = [];
+         var i, j;
 
-           // Load notes from the API in tiles
-           // GET /api/0.6/notes?bbox=
-           loadNotes: function(projection, noteOptions) {
-               noteOptions = Object.assign({ limit: 10000, closed: 7 }, noteOptions);
-               if (_off) return;
+         for (i = 0; i <= b.length; i++) {
+           matrix[i] = [i];
+         }
 
-               var that = this;
-               var path = '/api/0.6/notes?limit=' + noteOptions.limit + '&closed=' + noteOptions.closed + '&bbox=';
-               var throttleLoadUsers = throttle(function() {
-                   var uids = Object.keys(_userCache.toLoad);
-                   if (!uids.length) return;
-                   that.loadUsers(uids, function() {});  // eagerly load user details
-               }, 750);
-
-               // determine the needed tiles to cover the view
-               var tiles = tiler$5.zoomExtent([_noteZoom, _noteZoom]).getTiles(projection);
-
-               // abort inflight requests that are no longer needed
-               abortUnwantedRequests$3(_noteCache, tiles);
-
-               // issue new requests..
-               tiles.forEach(function(tile) {
-                   if (_noteCache.loaded[tile.id] || _noteCache.inflight[tile.id]) return;
-
-                   var options = { skipSeen: false };
-                   _noteCache.inflight[tile.id] = that.loadFromAPI(
-                       path + tile.extent.toParam(),
-                       function(err) {
-                           delete _noteCache.inflight[tile.id];
-                           if (!err) {
-                               _noteCache.loaded[tile.id] = true;
-                           }
-                           throttleLoadUsers();
-                           dispatch$6.call('loadedNotes');
-                       },
-                       options
-                   );
-               });
-           },
+         for (j = 0; j <= a.length; j++) {
+           matrix[0][j] = j;
+         }
 
+         for (i = 1; i <= b.length; i++) {
+           for (j = 1; j <= a.length; j++) {
+             if (b.charAt(i - 1) === a.charAt(j - 1)) {
+               matrix[i][j] = matrix[i - 1][j - 1];
+             } else {
+               matrix[i][j] = Math.min(matrix[i - 1][j - 1] + 1, // substitution
+               Math.min(matrix[i][j - 1] + 1, // insertion
+               matrix[i - 1][j] + 1)); // deletion
+             }
+           }
+         }
 
-           // Create a note
-           // POST /api/0.6/notes?params
-           postNoteCreate: function(note, callback) {
-               if (!this.authenticated()) {
-                   return callback({ message: 'Not Authenticated', status: -3 }, note);
-               }
-               if (_noteCache.inflightPost[note.id]) {
-                   return callback({ message: 'Note update already inflight', status: -2 }, note);
-               }
+         return matrix[b.length][a.length];
+       } // a d3.mouse-alike which
+       // 1. Only works on HTML elements, not SVG
+       // 2. Does not cause style recalculation
 
-               if (!note.loc[0] || !note.loc[1] || !note.newComment) return; // location & description required
+       function utilFastMouse(container) {
+         var rect = container.getBoundingClientRect();
+         var rectLeft = rect.left;
+         var rectTop = rect.top;
+         var clientLeft = +container.clientLeft;
+         var clientTop = +container.clientTop;
+         return function (e) {
+           return [e.clientX - rectLeft - clientLeft, e.clientY - rectTop - clientTop];
+         };
+       }
+       function utilAsyncMap(inputs, func, callback) {
+         var remaining = inputs.length;
+         var results = [];
+         var errors = [];
+         inputs.forEach(function (d, i) {
+           func(d, function done(err, data) {
+             errors[i] = err;
+             results[i] = data;
+             remaining--;
+             if (!remaining) callback(errors, results);
+           });
+         });
+       } // wraps an index to an interval [0..length-1]
 
-               var comment = note.newComment;
-               if (note.newCategory && note.newCategory !== 'None') { comment += ' #' + note.newCategory; }
+       function utilWrap(index, length) {
+         if (index < 0) {
+           index += Math.ceil(-index / length) * length;
+         }
 
-               var path = '/api/0.6/notes?' + utilQsString({ lon: note.loc[0], lat: note.loc[1], text: comment });
+         return index % length;
+       }
+       /**
+        * a replacement for functor
+        *
+        * @param {*} value any value
+        * @returns {Function} a function that returns that value or the value if it's a function
+        */
 
-               _noteCache.inflightPost[note.id] = oauth.xhr(
-                   { method: 'POST', path: path },
-                   wrapcb(this, done, _connectionID)
-               );
+       function utilFunctor(value) {
+         if (typeof value === 'function') return value;
+         return function () {
+           return value;
+         };
+       }
+       function utilNoAuto(selection) {
+         var isText = selection.size() && selection.node().tagName.toLowerCase() === 'textarea';
+         return selection // assign 'new-password' even for non-password fields to prevent browsers (Chrome) ignoring 'off'
+         .attr('autocomplete', 'new-password').attr('autocorrect', 'off').attr('autocapitalize', 'off').attr('spellcheck', isText ? 'true' : 'false');
+       } // https://stackoverflow.com/questions/194846/is-there-any-kind-of-hash-code-function-in-javascript
+       // https://werxltd.com/wp/2010/05/13/javascript-implementation-of-javas-string-hashcode-method/
 
+       function utilHashcode(str) {
+         var hash = 0;
 
-               function done(err, xml) {
-                   delete _noteCache.inflightPost[note.id];
-                   if (err) { return callback(err); }
+         if (str.length === 0) {
+           return hash;
+         }
 
-                   // we get the updated note back, remove from caches and reparse..
-                   this.removeNote(note);
+         for (var i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
+           var _char = str.charCodeAt(i);
 
-                   var options = { skipSeen: false };
-                   return parseXML(xml, function(err, results) {
-                       if (err) {
-                           return callback(err);
-                       } else {
-                           return callback(undefined, results[0]);
-                       }
-                   }, options);
-               }
-           },
+           hash = (hash << 5) - hash + _char;
+           hash = hash & hash; // Convert to 32bit integer
+         }
 
+         return hash;
+       } // Returns version of `str` with all runs of special characters replaced by `_`;
+       // suitable for HTML ids, classes, selectors, etc.
 
-           // Update a note
-           // POST /api/0.6/notes/#id/comment?text=comment
-           // POST /api/0.6/notes/#id/close?text=comment
-           // POST /api/0.6/notes/#id/reopen?text=comment
-           postNoteUpdate: function(note, newStatus, callback) {
-               if (!this.authenticated()) {
-                   return callback({ message: 'Not Authenticated', status: -3 }, note);
-               }
-               if (_noteCache.inflightPost[note.id]) {
-                   return callback({ message: 'Note update already inflight', status: -2 }, note);
-               }
+       function utilSafeClassName(str) {
+         return str.toLowerCase().replace(/[^a-z0-9]+/g, '_');
+       } // Returns string based on `val` that is highly unlikely to collide with an id
+       // used previously or that's present elsewhere in the document. Useful for preventing
+       // browser-provided autofills or when embedding iD on pages with unknown elements.
 
-               var action;
-               if (note.status !== 'closed' && newStatus === 'closed') {
-                   action = 'close';
-               } else if (note.status !== 'open' && newStatus === 'open') {
-                   action = 'reopen';
-               } else {
-                   action = 'comment';
-                   if (!note.newComment) return; // when commenting, comment required
-               }
+       function utilUniqueDomId(val) {
+         return 'ideditor-' + utilSafeClassName(val.toString()) + '-' + new Date().getTime().toString();
+       } // Returns the length of `str` in unicode characters. This can be less than
+       // `String.length()` since a single unicode character can be composed of multiple
+       // JavaScript UTF-16 code units.
 
-               var path = '/api/0.6/notes/' + note.id + '/' + action;
-               if (note.newComment) {
-                   path += '?' + utilQsString({ text: note.newComment });
-               }
+       function utilUnicodeCharsCount(str) {
+         // Native ES2015 implementations of `Array.from` split strings into unicode characters
+         return Array.from(str).length;
+       } // Returns a new string representing `str` cut from its start to `limit` length
+       // in unicode characters. Note that this runs the risk of splitting graphemes.
 
-               _noteCache.inflightPost[note.id] = oauth.xhr(
-                   { method: 'POST', path: path },
-                   wrapcb(this, done, _connectionID)
-               );
+       function utilUnicodeCharsTruncated(str, limit) {
+         return Array.from(str).slice(0, limit).join('');
+       } // Variation of d3.json (https://github.com/d3/d3-fetch/blob/master/src/json.js)
+
+       function utilFetchJson(resourse, init) {
+         return fetch(resourse, init).then(function (response) {
+           // fetch in PhantomJS tests may return ok=false and status=0 even if it's okay
+           if (!response.ok && response.status !== 0 || !response.json) throw new Error(response.status + ' ' + response.statusText);
+           if (response.status === 204 || response.status === 205) return;
+           return response.json();
+         });
+       }
 
+       function osmEntity(attrs) {
+         // For prototypal inheritance.
+         if (this instanceof osmEntity) return; // Create the appropriate subtype.
 
-               function done(err, xml) {
-                   delete _noteCache.inflightPost[note.id];
-                   if (err) { return callback(err); }
+         if (attrs && attrs.type) {
+           return osmEntity[attrs.type].apply(this, arguments);
+         } else if (attrs && attrs.id) {
+           return osmEntity[osmEntity.id.type(attrs.id)].apply(this, arguments);
+         } // Initialize a generic Entity (used only in tests).
 
-                   // we get the updated note back, remove from caches and reparse..
-                   this.removeNote(note);
 
-                   // update closed note cache - used to populate `closed:note` changeset tag
-                   if (action === 'close') {
-                       _noteCache.closed[note.id] = true;
-                   } else if (action === 'reopen') {
-                       delete _noteCache.closed[note.id];
-                   }
+         return new osmEntity().initialize(arguments);
+       }
 
-                   var options = { skipSeen: false };
-                   return parseXML(xml, function(err, results) {
-                       if (err) {
-                           return callback(err);
-                       } else {
-                           return callback(undefined, results[0]);
-                       }
-                   }, options);
-               }
-           },
+       osmEntity.id = function (type) {
+         return osmEntity.id.fromOSM(type, osmEntity.id.next[type]--);
+       };
 
+       osmEntity.id.next = {
+         changeset: -1,
+         node: -1,
+         way: -1,
+         relation: -1
+       };
 
-           switch: function(options) {
-               urlroot = options.urlroot;
+       osmEntity.id.fromOSM = function (type, id) {
+         return type[0] + id;
+       };
 
-               oauth.options(Object.assign({
-                   url: urlroot,
-                   loading: authLoading,
-                   done: authDone
-               }, options));
+       osmEntity.id.toOSM = function (id) {
+         return id.slice(1);
+       };
 
-               this.reset();
-               this.userChangesets(function() {});  // eagerly load user details/changesets
-               dispatch$6.call('change');
-               return this;
-           },
+       osmEntity.id.type = function (id) {
+         return {
+           'c': 'changeset',
+           'n': 'node',
+           'w': 'way',
+           'r': 'relation'
+         }[id[0]];
+       }; // A function suitable for use as the second argument to d3.selection#data().
 
 
-           toggle: function(val) {
-               _off = !val;
-               return this;
-           },
+       osmEntity.key = function (entity) {
+         return entity.id + 'v' + (entity.v || 0);
+       };
 
+       var _deprecatedTagValuesByKey;
 
-           isChangesetInflight: function() {
-               return !!_changeset.inflight;
-           },
+       osmEntity.deprecatedTagValuesByKey = function (dataDeprecated) {
+         if (!_deprecatedTagValuesByKey) {
+           _deprecatedTagValuesByKey = {};
+           dataDeprecated.forEach(function (d) {
+             var oldKeys = Object.keys(d.old);
 
+             if (oldKeys.length === 1) {
+               var oldKey = oldKeys[0];
+               var oldValue = d.old[oldKey];
 
-           // get/set cached data
-           // This is used to save/restore the state when entering/exiting the walkthrough
-           // Also used for testing purposes.
-           caches: function(obj) {
-               function cloneCache(source) {
-                   var target = {};
-                   Object.keys(source).forEach(function(k) {
-                       if (k === 'rtree') {
-                           target.rtree = new RBush().fromJSON(source.rtree.toJSON());  // clone rbush
-                       } else if (k === 'note') {
-                           target.note = {};
-                           Object.keys(source.note).forEach(function(id) {
-                               target.note[id] = osmNote(source.note[id]);   // copy notes
-                           });
-                       } else {
-                           target[k] = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(source[k]));   // clone deep
-                       }
-                   });
-                   return target;
+               if (oldValue !== '*') {
+                 if (!_deprecatedTagValuesByKey[oldKey]) {
+                   _deprecatedTagValuesByKey[oldKey] = [oldValue];
+                 } else {
+                   _deprecatedTagValuesByKey[oldKey].push(oldValue);
+                 }
                }
+             }
+           });
+         }
 
-               if (!arguments.length) {
-                   return {
-                       tile: cloneCache(_tileCache),
-                       note: cloneCache(_noteCache),
-                       user: cloneCache(_userCache)
-                   };
-               }
+         return _deprecatedTagValuesByKey;
+       };
 
-               // access caches directly for testing (e.g., loading notes rtree)
-               if (obj === 'get') {
-                   return {
-                       tile: _tileCache,
-                       note: _noteCache,
-                       user: _userCache
-                   };
+       osmEntity.prototype = {
+         tags: {},
+         initialize: function initialize(sources) {
+           for (var i = 0; i < sources.length; ++i) {
+             var source = sources[i];
+
+             for (var prop in source) {
+               if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, prop)) {
+                 if (source[prop] === undefined) {
+                   delete this[prop];
+                 } else {
+                   this[prop] = source[prop];
+                 }
                }
+             }
+           }
 
-               if (obj.tile) {
-                   _tileCache = obj.tile;
-                   _tileCache.inflight = {};
-               }
-               if (obj.note) {
-                   _noteCache = obj.note;
-                   _noteCache.inflight = {};
-                   _noteCache.inflightPost = {};
-               }
-               if (obj.user) {
-                   _userCache = obj.user;
-               }
+           if (!this.id && this.type) {
+             this.id = osmEntity.id(this.type);
+           }
 
-               return this;
-           },
+           if (!this.hasOwnProperty('visible')) {
+             this.visible = true;
+           }
 
+           if (debug) {
+             Object.freeze(this);
+             Object.freeze(this.tags);
+             if (this.loc) Object.freeze(this.loc);
+             if (this.nodes) Object.freeze(this.nodes);
+             if (this.members) Object.freeze(this.members);
+           }
 
-           logout: function() {
-               _userChangesets = undefined;
-               _userDetails = undefined;
-               oauth.logout();
-               dispatch$6.call('change');
-               return this;
-           },
+           return this;
+         },
+         copy: function copy(resolver, copies) {
+           if (copies[this.id]) return copies[this.id];
+           var copy = osmEntity(this, {
+             id: undefined,
+             user: undefined,
+             version: undefined
+           });
+           copies[this.id] = copy;
+           return copy;
+         },
+         osmId: function osmId() {
+           return osmEntity.id.toOSM(this.id);
+         },
+         isNew: function isNew() {
+           return this.osmId() < 0;
+         },
+         update: function update(attrs) {
+           return osmEntity(this, attrs, {
+             v: 1 + (this.v || 0)
+           });
+         },
+         mergeTags: function mergeTags(tags) {
+           var merged = Object.assign({}, this.tags); // shallow copy
 
+           var changed = false;
 
-           authenticated: function() {
-               return oauth.authenticated();
-           },
+           for (var k in tags) {
+             var t1 = merged[k];
+             var t2 = tags[k];
+
+             if (!t1) {
+               changed = true;
+               merged[k] = t2;
+             } else if (t1 !== t2) {
+               changed = true;
+               merged[k] = utilUnicodeCharsTruncated(utilArrayUnion(t1.split(/;\s*/), t2.split(/;\s*/)).join(';'), 255 // avoid exceeding character limit; see also services/osm.js -> maxCharsForTagValue()
+               );
+             }
+           }
 
+           return changed ? this.update({
+             tags: merged
+           }) : this;
+         },
+         intersects: function intersects(extent, resolver) {
+           return this.extent(resolver).intersects(extent);
+         },
+         hasNonGeometryTags: function hasNonGeometryTags() {
+           return Object.keys(this.tags).some(function (k) {
+             return k !== 'area';
+           });
+         },
+         hasParentRelations: function hasParentRelations(resolver) {
+           return resolver.parentRelations(this).length > 0;
+         },
+         hasInterestingTags: function hasInterestingTags() {
+           return Object.keys(this.tags).some(osmIsInterestingTag);
+         },
+         isHighwayIntersection: function isHighwayIntersection() {
+           return false;
+         },
+         isDegenerate: function isDegenerate() {
+           return true;
+         },
+         deprecatedTags: function deprecatedTags(dataDeprecated) {
+           var tags = this.tags; // if there are no tags, none can be deprecated
+
+           if (Object.keys(tags).length === 0) return [];
+           var deprecated = [];
+           dataDeprecated.forEach(function (d) {
+             var oldKeys = Object.keys(d.old);
+
+             if (d.replace) {
+               var hasExistingValues = Object.keys(d.replace).some(function (replaceKey) {
+                 if (!tags[replaceKey] || d.old[replaceKey]) return false;
+                 var replaceValue = d.replace[replaceKey];
+                 if (replaceValue === '*') return false;
+                 if (replaceValue === tags[replaceKey]) return false;
+                 return true;
+               }); // don't flag deprecated tags if the upgrade path would overwrite existing data - #7843
 
-           authenticate: function(callback) {
-               var that = this;
-               var cid = _connectionID;
-               _userChangesets = undefined;
-               _userDetails = undefined;
+               if (hasExistingValues) return;
+             }
 
-               function done(err, res) {
-                   if (err) {
-                       if (callback) callback(err);
-                       return;
-                   }
-                   if (that.getConnectionId() !== cid) {
-                       if (callback) callback({ message: 'Connection Switched', status: -1 });
-                       return;
+             var matchesDeprecatedTags = oldKeys.every(function (oldKey) {
+               if (!tags[oldKey]) return false;
+               if (d.old[oldKey] === '*') return true;
+               if (d.old[oldKey] === tags[oldKey]) return true;
+               var vals = tags[oldKey].split(';').filter(Boolean);
+
+               if (vals.length === 0) {
+                 return false;
+               } else if (vals.length > 1) {
+                 return vals.indexOf(d.old[oldKey]) !== -1;
+               } else {
+                 if (tags[oldKey] === d.old[oldKey]) {
+                   if (d.replace && d.old[oldKey] === d.replace[oldKey]) {
+                     var replaceKeys = Object.keys(d.replace);
+                     return !replaceKeys.every(function (replaceKey) {
+                       return tags[replaceKey] === d.replace[replaceKey];
+                     });
+                   } else {
+                     return true;
                    }
-                   _rateLimitError = undefined;
-                   dispatch$6.call('change');
-                   if (callback) callback(err, res);
-                   that.userChangesets(function() {});  // eagerly load user details/changesets
+                 }
                }
 
-               return oauth.authenticate(done);
-           },
-
-
-           imageryBlacklists: function() {
-               return _blacklists;
-           },
-
-
-           tileZoom: function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _tileZoom$3;
-               _tileZoom$3 = val;
-               return this;
-           },
-
-
-           // get all cached notes covering the viewport
-           notes: function(projection) {
-               var viewport = projection.clipExtent();
-               var min = [viewport[0][0], viewport[1][1]];
-               var max = [viewport[1][0], viewport[0][1]];
-               var bbox = geoExtent(projection.invert(min), projection.invert(max)).bbox();
+               return false;
+             });
 
-               return _noteCache.rtree.search(bbox)
-                   .map(function(d) { return d.data; });
-           },
+             if (matchesDeprecatedTags) {
+               deprecated.push(d);
+             }
+           });
+           return deprecated;
+         }
+       };
 
+       function osmLanes(entity) {
+         if (entity.type !== 'way') return null;
+         if (!entity.tags.highway) return null;
+         var tags = entity.tags;
+         var isOneWay = entity.isOneWay();
+         var laneCount = getLaneCount(tags, isOneWay);
+         var maxspeed = parseMaxspeed(tags);
+         var laneDirections = parseLaneDirections(tags, isOneWay, laneCount);
+         var forward = laneDirections.forward;
+         var backward = laneDirections.backward;
+         var bothways = laneDirections.bothways; // parse the piped string 'x|y|z' format
+
+         var turnLanes = {};
+         turnLanes.unspecified = parseTurnLanes(tags['turn:lanes']);
+         turnLanes.forward = parseTurnLanes(tags['turn:lanes:forward']);
+         turnLanes.backward = parseTurnLanes(tags['turn:lanes:backward']);
+         var maxspeedLanes = {};
+         maxspeedLanes.unspecified = parseMaxspeedLanes(tags['maxspeed:lanes'], maxspeed);
+         maxspeedLanes.forward = parseMaxspeedLanes(tags['maxspeed:lanes:forward'], maxspeed);
+         maxspeedLanes.backward = parseMaxspeedLanes(tags['maxspeed:lanes:backward'], maxspeed);
+         var psvLanes = {};
+         psvLanes.unspecified = parseMiscLanes(tags['psv:lanes']);
+         psvLanes.forward = parseMiscLanes(tags['psv:lanes:forward']);
+         psvLanes.backward = parseMiscLanes(tags['psv:lanes:backward']);
+         var busLanes = {};
+         busLanes.unspecified = parseMiscLanes(tags['bus:lanes']);
+         busLanes.forward = parseMiscLanes(tags['bus:lanes:forward']);
+         busLanes.backward = parseMiscLanes(tags['bus:lanes:backward']);
+         var taxiLanes = {};
+         taxiLanes.unspecified = parseMiscLanes(tags['taxi:lanes']);
+         taxiLanes.forward = parseMiscLanes(tags['taxi:lanes:forward']);
+         taxiLanes.backward = parseMiscLanes(tags['taxi:lanes:backward']);
+         var hovLanes = {};
+         hovLanes.unspecified = parseMiscLanes(tags['hov:lanes']);
+         hovLanes.forward = parseMiscLanes(tags['hov:lanes:forward']);
+         hovLanes.backward = parseMiscLanes(tags['hov:lanes:backward']);
+         var hgvLanes = {};
+         hgvLanes.unspecified = parseMiscLanes(tags['hgv:lanes']);
+         hgvLanes.forward = parseMiscLanes(tags['hgv:lanes:forward']);
+         hgvLanes.backward = parseMiscLanes(tags['hgv:lanes:backward']);
+         var bicyclewayLanes = {};
+         bicyclewayLanes.unspecified = parseBicycleWay(tags['bicycleway:lanes']);
+         bicyclewayLanes.forward = parseBicycleWay(tags['bicycleway:lanes:forward']);
+         bicyclewayLanes.backward = parseBicycleWay(tags['bicycleway:lanes:backward']);
+         var lanesObj = {
+           forward: [],
+           backward: [],
+           unspecified: []
+         }; // map forward/backward/unspecified of each lane type to lanesObj
+
+         mapToLanesObj(lanesObj, turnLanes, 'turnLane');
+         mapToLanesObj(lanesObj, maxspeedLanes, 'maxspeed');
+         mapToLanesObj(lanesObj, psvLanes, 'psv');
+         mapToLanesObj(lanesObj, busLanes, 'bus');
+         mapToLanesObj(lanesObj, taxiLanes, 'taxi');
+         mapToLanesObj(lanesObj, hovLanes, 'hov');
+         mapToLanesObj(lanesObj, hgvLanes, 'hgv');
+         mapToLanesObj(lanesObj, bicyclewayLanes, 'bicycleway');
+         return {
+           metadata: {
+             count: laneCount,
+             oneway: isOneWay,
+             forward: forward,
+             backward: backward,
+             bothways: bothways,
+             turnLanes: turnLanes,
+             maxspeed: maxspeed,
+             maxspeedLanes: maxspeedLanes,
+             psvLanes: psvLanes,
+             busLanes: busLanes,
+             taxiLanes: taxiLanes,
+             hovLanes: hovLanes,
+             hgvLanes: hgvLanes,
+             bicyclewayLanes: bicyclewayLanes
+           },
+           lanes: lanesObj
+         };
+       }
 
-           // get a single note from the cache
-           getNote: function(id) {
-               return _noteCache.note[id];
-           },
+       function getLaneCount(tags, isOneWay) {
+         var count;
 
+         if (tags.lanes) {
+           count = parseInt(tags.lanes, 10);
 
-           // remove a single note from the cache
-           removeNote: function(note) {
-               if (!(note instanceof osmNote) || !note.id) return;
+           if (count > 0) {
+             return count;
+           }
+         }
 
-               delete _noteCache.note[note.id];
-               updateRtree$3(encodeNoteRtree(note), false);  // false = remove
-           },
+         switch (tags.highway) {
+           case 'trunk':
+           case 'motorway':
+             count = isOneWay ? 2 : 4;
+             break;
 
+           default:
+             count = isOneWay ? 1 : 2;
+             break;
+         }
 
-           // replace a single note in the cache
-           replaceNote: function(note) {
-               if (!(note instanceof osmNote) || !note.id) return;
+         return count;
+       }
 
-               _noteCache.note[note.id] = note;
-               updateRtree$3(encodeNoteRtree(note), true);  // true = replace
-               return note;
-           },
+       function parseMaxspeed(tags) {
+         var maxspeed = tags.maxspeed;
+         if (!maxspeed) return;
+         var maxspeedRegex = /^([0-9][\.0-9]+?)(?:[ ]?(?:km\/h|kmh|kph|mph|knots))?$/;
+         if (!maxspeedRegex.test(maxspeed)) return;
+         return parseInt(maxspeed, 10);
+       }
 
+       function parseLaneDirections(tags, isOneWay, laneCount) {
+         var forward = parseInt(tags['lanes:forward'], 10);
+         var backward = parseInt(tags['lanes:backward'], 10);
+         var bothways = parseInt(tags['lanes:both_ways'], 10) > 0 ? 1 : 0;
 
-           // Get an array of note IDs closed during this session.
-           // Used to populate `closed:note` changeset tag
-           getClosedIDs: function() {
-               return Object.keys(_noteCache.closed).sort();
+         if (parseInt(tags.oneway, 10) === -1) {
+           forward = 0;
+           bothways = 0;
+           backward = laneCount;
+         } else if (isOneWay) {
+           forward = laneCount;
+           bothways = 0;
+           backward = 0;
+         } else if (isNaN(forward) && isNaN(backward)) {
+           backward = Math.floor((laneCount - bothways) / 2);
+           forward = laneCount - bothways - backward;
+         } else if (isNaN(forward)) {
+           if (backward > laneCount - bothways) {
+             backward = laneCount - bothways;
            }
 
-       };
-
-       var apibase$3 = 'https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/w/api.php';
-       var _inflight$1 = {};
-       var _wikibaseCache = {};
-       var _localeIDs = { en: false };
-
-
-       var debouncedRequest = debounce(request, 500, { leading: false });
+           forward = laneCount - bothways - backward;
+         } else if (isNaN(backward)) {
+           if (forward > laneCount - bothways) {
+             forward = laneCount - bothways;
+           }
 
-       function request(url, callback) {
-           if (_inflight$1[url]) return;
-           var controller = new AbortController();
-           _inflight$1[url] = controller;
+           backward = laneCount - bothways - forward;
+         }
 
-           d3_json(url, { signal: controller.signal })
-               .then(function(result) {
-                   delete _inflight$1[url];
-                   if (callback) callback(null, result);
-               })
-               .catch(function(err) {
-                   delete _inflight$1[url];
-                   if (err.name === 'AbortError') return;
-                   if (callback) callback(err.message);
-               });
+         return {
+           forward: forward,
+           backward: backward,
+           bothways: bothways
+         };
        }
 
+       function parseTurnLanes(tag) {
+         if (!tag) return;
+         var validValues = ['left', 'slight_left', 'sharp_left', 'through', 'right', 'slight_right', 'sharp_right', 'reverse', 'merge_to_left', 'merge_to_right', 'none'];
+         return tag.split('|').map(function (s) {
+           if (s === '') s = 'none';
+           return s.split(';').map(function (d) {
+             return validValues.indexOf(d) === -1 ? 'unknown' : d;
+           });
+         });
+       }
 
-       /**
-        * Get the best string value from the descriptions/labels result
-        * Note that if mediawiki doesn't recognize language code, it will return all values.
-        * In that case, fallback to use English.
-        * @param values object - either descriptions or labels
-        * @param langCode String
-        * @returns localized string
-        */
-       function localizedToString(values, langCode) {
-           if (values) {
-               values = values[langCode] || values.en;
-           }
-           return values ? values.value : '';
+       function parseMaxspeedLanes(tag, maxspeed) {
+         if (!tag) return;
+         return tag.split('|').map(function (s) {
+           if (s === 'none') return s;
+           var m = parseInt(s, 10);
+           if (s === '' || m === maxspeed) return null;
+           return isNaN(m) ? 'unknown' : m;
+         });
        }
 
+       function parseMiscLanes(tag) {
+         if (!tag) return;
+         var validValues = ['yes', 'no', 'designated'];
+         return tag.split('|').map(function (s) {
+           if (s === '') s = 'no';
+           return validValues.indexOf(s) === -1 ? 'unknown' : s;
+         });
+       }
 
-       var serviceOsmWikibase = {
+       function parseBicycleWay(tag) {
+         if (!tag) return;
+         var validValues = ['yes', 'no', 'designated', 'lane'];
+         return tag.split('|').map(function (s) {
+           if (s === '') s = 'no';
+           return validValues.indexOf(s) === -1 ? 'unknown' : s;
+         });
+       }
 
-           init: function() {
-               _inflight$1 = {};
-               _wikibaseCache = {};
-               _localeIDs = {};
-           },
+       function mapToLanesObj(lanesObj, data, key) {
+         if (data.forward) {
+           data.forward.forEach(function (l, i) {
+             if (!lanesObj.forward[i]) lanesObj.forward[i] = {};
+             lanesObj.forward[i][key] = l;
+           });
+         }
 
+         if (data.backward) {
+           data.backward.forEach(function (l, i) {
+             if (!lanesObj.backward[i]) lanesObj.backward[i] = {};
+             lanesObj.backward[i][key] = l;
+           });
+         }
 
-           reset: function() {
-               Object.values(_inflight$1).forEach(function(controller) { controller.abort(); });
-               _inflight$1 = {};
-           },
+         if (data.unspecified) {
+           data.unspecified.forEach(function (l, i) {
+             if (!lanesObj.unspecified[i]) lanesObj.unspecified[i] = {};
+             lanesObj.unspecified[i][key] = l;
+           });
+         }
+       }
 
+       function osmWay() {
+         if (!(this instanceof osmWay)) {
+           return new osmWay().initialize(arguments);
+         } else if (arguments.length) {
+           this.initialize(arguments);
+         }
+       }
+       osmEntity.way = osmWay;
+       osmWay.prototype = Object.create(osmEntity.prototype);
+       Object.assign(osmWay.prototype, {
+         type: 'way',
+         nodes: [],
+         copy: function copy(resolver, copies) {
+           if (copies[this.id]) return copies[this.id];
+           var copy = osmEntity.prototype.copy.call(this, resolver, copies);
+           var nodes = this.nodes.map(function (id) {
+             return resolver.entity(id).copy(resolver, copies).id;
+           });
+           copy = copy.update({
+             nodes: nodes
+           });
+           copies[this.id] = copy;
+           return copy;
+         },
+         extent: function extent(resolver) {
+           return resolver["transient"](this, 'extent', function () {
+             var extent = geoExtent();
 
-           /**
-            * Get the best value for the property, or undefined if not found
-            * @param entity object from wikibase
-            * @param property string e.g. 'P4' for image
-            * @param langCode string e.g. 'fr' for French
-            */
-           claimToValue: function(entity, property, langCode) {
-               if (!entity.claims[property]) return undefined;
-               var locale = _localeIDs[langCode];
-               var preferredPick, localePick;
-
-               entity.claims[property].forEach(function(stmt) {
-                   // If exists, use value limited to the needed language (has a qualifier P26 = locale)
-                   // Or if not found, use the first value with the "preferred" rank
-                   if (!preferredPick && stmt.rank === 'preferred') {
-                       preferredPick = stmt;
-                   }
-                   if (locale && stmt.qualifiers && stmt.qualifiers.P26 &&
-                       stmt.qualifiers.P26[0].datavalue.value.id === locale
-                   ) {
-                       localePick = stmt;
-                   }
-               });
+             for (var i = 0; i < this.nodes.length; i++) {
+               var node = resolver.hasEntity(this.nodes[i]);
 
-               var result = localePick || preferredPick;
-               if (result) {
-                   var datavalue = result.mainsnak.datavalue;
-                   return datavalue.type === 'wikibase-entityid' ? datavalue.value.id : datavalue.value;
-               } else {
-                   return undefined;
+               if (node) {
+                 extent._extend(node.extent());
                }
-           },
-
-
-           /**
-            * Convert monolingual property into a key-value object (language -> value)
-            * @param entity object from wikibase
-            * @param property string e.g. 'P31' for monolingual wiki page title
-            */
-           monolingualClaimToValueObj: function(entity, property) {
-               if (!entity || !entity.claims[property]) return undefined;
-
-               return entity.claims[property].reduce(function(acc, obj) {
-                   var value = obj.mainsnak.datavalue.value;
-                   acc[value.language] = value.text;
-                   return acc;
-               }, {});
-           },
-
+             }
 
-           toSitelink: function(key, value) {
-               var result = value ? ('Tag:' + key + '=' + value) : 'Key:' + key;
-               return result.replace(/_/g, ' ').trim();
-           },
+             return extent;
+           });
+         },
+         first: function first() {
+           return this.nodes[0];
+         },
+         last: function last() {
+           return this.nodes[this.nodes.length - 1];
+         },
+         contains: function contains(node) {
+           return this.nodes.indexOf(node) >= 0;
+         },
+         affix: function affix(node) {
+           if (this.nodes[0] === node) return 'prefix';
+           if (this.nodes[this.nodes.length - 1] === node) return 'suffix';
+         },
+         layer: function layer() {
+           // explicit layer tag, clamp between -10, 10..
+           if (isFinite(this.tags.layer)) {
+             return Math.max(-10, Math.min(+this.tags.layer, 10));
+           } // implied layer tag..
+
+
+           if (this.tags.covered === 'yes') return -1;
+           if (this.tags.location === 'overground') return 1;
+           if (this.tags.location === 'underground') return -1;
+           if (this.tags.location === 'underwater') return -10;
+           if (this.tags.power === 'line') return 10;
+           if (this.tags.power === 'minor_line') return 10;
+           if (this.tags.aerialway) return 10;
+           if (this.tags.bridge) return 1;
+           if (this.tags.cutting) return -1;
+           if (this.tags.tunnel) return -1;
+           if (this.tags.waterway) return -1;
+           if (this.tags.man_made === 'pipeline') return -10;
+           if (this.tags.boundary) return -10;
+           return 0;
+         },
+         // the approximate width of the line based on its tags except its `width` tag
+         impliedLineWidthMeters: function impliedLineWidthMeters() {
+           var averageWidths = {
+             highway: {
+               // width is for single lane
+               motorway: 5,
+               motorway_link: 5,
+               trunk: 4.5,
+               trunk_link: 4.5,
+               primary: 4,
+               secondary: 4,
+               tertiary: 4,
+               primary_link: 4,
+               secondary_link: 4,
+               tertiary_link: 4,
+               unclassified: 4,
+               road: 4,
+               living_street: 4,
+               bus_guideway: 4,
+               pedestrian: 4,
+               residential: 3.5,
+               service: 3.5,
+               track: 3,
+               cycleway: 2.5,
+               bridleway: 2,
+               corridor: 2,
+               steps: 2,
+               path: 1.5,
+               footway: 1.5
+             },
+             railway: {
+               // width includes ties and rail bed, not just track gauge
+               rail: 2.5,
+               light_rail: 2.5,
+               tram: 2.5,
+               subway: 2.5,
+               monorail: 2.5,
+               funicular: 2.5,
+               disused: 2.5,
+               preserved: 2.5,
+               miniature: 1.5,
+               narrow_gauge: 1.5
+             },
+             waterway: {
+               river: 50,
+               canal: 25,
+               stream: 5,
+               tidal_channel: 5,
+               fish_pass: 2.5,
+               drain: 2.5,
+               ditch: 1.5
+             }
+           };
 
+           for (var key in averageWidths) {
+             if (this.tags[key] && averageWidths[key][this.tags[key]]) {
+               var width = averageWidths[key][this.tags[key]];
 
-           //
-           // Pass params object of the form:
-           // {
-           //   key: 'string',
-           //   value: 'string',
-           //   rtype: 'string',
-           //   langCode: 'string'
-           // }
-           //
-           getEntity: function(params, callback) {
-               var doRequest = params.debounce ? debouncedRequest : request;
-               var that = this;
-               var titles = [];
-               var result = {};
-               var rtypeSitelink = params.rtype ? ('Relation:' + params.rtype).replace(/_/g, ' ').trim() : false;
-               var keySitelink = params.key ? this.toSitelink(params.key) : false;
-               var tagSitelink = (params.key && params.value) ? this.toSitelink(params.key, params.value) : false;
-               var localeSitelink;
-
-               if (params.langCode && _localeIDs[params.langCode] === undefined) {
-                   // If this is the first time we are asking about this locale,
-                   // fetch corresponding entity (if it exists), and cache it.
-                   // If there is no such entry, cache `false` value to avoid re-requesting it.
-                   localeSitelink = ('Locale:' + params.langCode).replace(/_/g, ' ').trim();
-                   titles.push(localeSitelink);
-               }
-
-               if (rtypeSitelink) {
-                   if (_wikibaseCache[rtypeSitelink]) {
-                       result.rtype = _wikibaseCache[rtypeSitelink];
-                   } else {
-                       titles.push(rtypeSitelink);
-                   }
+               if (key === 'highway') {
+                 var laneCount = this.tags.lanes && parseInt(this.tags.lanes, 10);
+                 if (!laneCount) laneCount = this.isOneWay() ? 1 : 2;
+                 return width * laneCount;
                }
 
-               if (keySitelink) {
-                   if (_wikibaseCache[keySitelink]) {
-                       result.key = _wikibaseCache[keySitelink];
-                   } else {
-                       titles.push(keySitelink);
-                   }
-               }
+               return width;
+             }
+           }
 
-               if (tagSitelink) {
-                   if (_wikibaseCache[tagSitelink]) {
-                       result.tag = _wikibaseCache[tagSitelink];
-                   } else {
-                       titles.push(tagSitelink);
-                   }
-               }
+           return null;
+         },
+         isOneWay: function isOneWay() {
+           // explicit oneway tag..
+           var values = {
+             'yes': true,
+             '1': true,
+             '-1': true,
+             'reversible': true,
+             'alternating': true,
+             'no': false,
+             '0': false
+           };
 
-               if (!titles.length) {
-                   // Nothing to do, we already had everything in the cache
-                   return callback(null, result);
-               }
-
-               // Requesting just the user language code
-               // If backend recognizes the code, it will perform proper fallbacks,
-               // and the result will contain the requested code. If not, all values are returned:
-               // {"zh-tw":{"value":"...","language":"zh-tw","source-language":"zh-hant"}
-               // {"pt-br":{"value":"...","language":"pt","for-language":"pt-br"}}
-               var obj = {
-                   action: 'wbgetentities',
-                   sites: 'wiki',
-                   titles: titles.join('|'),
-                   languages: params.langCode,
-                   languagefallback: 1,
-                   origin: '*',
-                   format: 'json',
-                   // There is an MW Wikibase API bug https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T212069
-                   // We shouldn't use v1 until it gets fixed, but should switch to it afterwards
-                   // formatversion: 2,
-               };
+           if (values[this.tags.oneway] !== undefined) {
+             return values[this.tags.oneway];
+           } // implied oneway tag..
 
-               var url = apibase$3 + '?' + utilQsString(obj);
-               doRequest(url, function(err, d) {
-                   if (err) {
-                       callback(err);
-                   } else if (!d.success || d.error) {
-                       callback(d.error.messages.map(function(v) { return v.html['*']; }).join('<br>'));
-                   } else {
-                       var localeID = false;
-                       Object.values(d.entities).forEach(function(res) {
-                           if (res.missing !== '') {
-                               // Simplify access to the localized values
-                               res.description = localizedToString(res.descriptions, params.langCode);
-                               res.label = localizedToString(res.labels, params.langCode);
-
-                               var title = res.sitelinks.wiki.title;
-                               if (title === rtypeSitelink) {
-                                   _wikibaseCache[rtypeSitelink] = res;
-                                   result.rtype = res;
-                               } else if (title === keySitelink) {
-                                   _wikibaseCache[keySitelink] = res;
-                                   result.key = res;
-                               } else if (title === tagSitelink) {
-                                   _wikibaseCache[tagSitelink] = res;
-                                   result.tag = res;
-                               } else if (title === localeSitelink) {
-                                   localeID = res.id;
-                               } else {
-                                   console.log('Unexpected title ' + title);  // eslint-disable-line no-console
-                               }
-                           }
-                       });
 
-                       if (localeSitelink) {
-                           // If locale ID is not found, store false to prevent repeated queries
-                           that.addLocale(params.langCode, localeID);
-                       }
+           for (var key in this.tags) {
+             if (key in osmOneWayTags && this.tags[key] in osmOneWayTags[key]) {
+               return true;
+             }
+           }
 
-                       callback(null, result);
-                   }
-               });
-           },
+           return false;
+         },
+         // Some identifier for tag that implies that this way is "sided",
+         // i.e. the right side is the 'inside' (e.g. the right side of a
+         // natural=cliff is lower).
+         sidednessIdentifier: function sidednessIdentifier() {
+           for (var key in this.tags) {
+             var value = this.tags[key];
+
+             if (key in osmRightSideIsInsideTags && value in osmRightSideIsInsideTags[key]) {
+               if (osmRightSideIsInsideTags[key][value] === true) {
+                 return key;
+               } else {
+                 // if the map's value is something other than a
+                 // literal true, we should use it so we can
+                 // special case some keys (e.g. natural=coastline
+                 // is handled differently to other naturals).
+                 return osmRightSideIsInsideTags[key][value];
+               }
+             }
+           }
 
+           return null;
+         },
+         isSided: function isSided() {
+           if (this.tags.two_sided === 'yes') {
+             return false;
+           }
 
-           //
-           // Pass params object of the form:
-           // {
-           //   key: 'string',     // required
-           //   value: 'string'    // optional
-           // }
-           //   -or-
-           // {
-           //   rtype: 'rtype'     // relation type  (e.g. 'multipolygon')
-           // }
-           //
-           // Get an result object used to display tag documentation
-           // {
-           //   title:        'string',
-           //   description:  'string',
-           //   editURL:      'string',
-           //   imageURL:     'string',
-           //   wiki:         { title: 'string', text: 'string', url: 'string' }
-           // }
-           //
-           getDocs: function(params, callback) {
-               var that = this;
-               var langCode = _mainLocalizer.localeCode().toLowerCase();
-               params.langCode = langCode;
+           return this.sidednessIdentifier() !== null;
+         },
+         lanes: function lanes() {
+           return osmLanes(this);
+         },
+         isClosed: function isClosed() {
+           return this.nodes.length > 1 && this.first() === this.last();
+         },
+         isConvex: function isConvex(resolver) {
+           if (!this.isClosed() || this.isDegenerate()) return null;
+           var nodes = utilArrayUniq(resolver.childNodes(this));
+           var coords = nodes.map(function (n) {
+             return n.loc;
+           });
+           var curr = 0;
+           var prev = 0;
 
-               this.getEntity(params, function(err, data) {
-                   if (err) {
-                       callback(err);
-                       return;
-                   }
+           for (var i = 0; i < coords.length; i++) {
+             var o = coords[(i + 1) % coords.length];
+             var a = coords[i];
+             var b = coords[(i + 2) % coords.length];
+             var res = geoVecCross(a, b, o);
+             curr = res > 0 ? 1 : res < 0 ? -1 : 0;
 
-                   var entity = data.rtype || data.tag || data.key;
-                   if (!entity) {
-                       callback('No entity');
-                       return;
-                   }
+             if (curr === 0) {
+               continue;
+             } else if (prev && curr !== prev) {
+               return false;
+             }
 
-                   // prepare result
-                   var result = {
-                       title: entity.title,
-                       description: entity.description,
-                       editURL: 'https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/' + entity.title
-                   };
+             prev = curr;
+           }
 
-                   // add image
-                   if (entity.claims) {
-                       var imageroot;
-                       var image = that.claimToValue(entity, 'P4', langCode);
-                       if (image) {
-                           imageroot = 'https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php';
-                       } else {
-                           image = that.claimToValue(entity, 'P28', langCode);
-                           if (image) {
-                               imageroot = 'https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/w/index.php';
-                           }
-                       }
-                       if (imageroot && image) {
-                           result.imageURL = imageroot + '?' + utilQsString({
-                               title: 'Special:Redirect/file/' + image,
-                               width: 400
-                           });
-                       }
-                   }
+           return true;
+         },
+         // returns an object with the tag that implies this is an area, if any
+         tagSuggestingArea: function tagSuggestingArea() {
+           return osmTagSuggestingArea(this.tags);
+         },
+         isArea: function isArea() {
+           if (this.tags.area === 'yes') return true;
+           if (!this.isClosed() || this.tags.area === 'no') return false;
+           return this.tagSuggestingArea() !== null;
+         },
+         isDegenerate: function isDegenerate() {
+           return new Set(this.nodes).size < (this.isArea() ? 3 : 2);
+         },
+         areAdjacent: function areAdjacent(n1, n2) {
+           for (var i = 0; i < this.nodes.length; i++) {
+             if (this.nodes[i] === n1) {
+               if (this.nodes[i - 1] === n2) return true;
+               if (this.nodes[i + 1] === n2) return true;
+             }
+           }
 
-                   // Try to get a wiki page from tag data item first, followed by the corresponding key data item.
-                   // If neither tag nor key data item contain a wiki page in the needed language nor English,
-                   // get the first found wiki page from either the tag or the key item.
-                   var rtypeWiki = that.monolingualClaimToValueObj(data.rtype, 'P31');
-                   var tagWiki = that.monolingualClaimToValueObj(data.tag, 'P31');
-                   var keyWiki = that.monolingualClaimToValueObj(data.key, 'P31');
-
-                   // If exact language code does not exist, try to find the first part before the '-'
-                   // BUG: in some cases, a more elaborate fallback logic might be needed
-                   var langPrefix = langCode.split('-', 2)[0];
-
-                   // use the first acceptable wiki page
-                   result.wiki =
-                       getWikiInfo(rtypeWiki, langCode, 'inspector.wiki_reference') ||
-                       getWikiInfo(rtypeWiki, langPrefix, 'inspector.wiki_reference') ||
-                       getWikiInfo(rtypeWiki, 'en', 'inspector.wiki_en_reference') ||
-                       getWikiInfo(tagWiki, langCode, 'inspector.wiki_reference') ||
-                       getWikiInfo(tagWiki, langPrefix, 'inspector.wiki_reference') ||
-                       getWikiInfo(tagWiki, 'en', 'inspector.wiki_en_reference') ||
-                       getWikiInfo(keyWiki, langCode, 'inspector.wiki_reference') ||
-                       getWikiInfo(keyWiki, langPrefix, 'inspector.wiki_reference') ||
-                       getWikiInfo(keyWiki, 'en', 'inspector.wiki_en_reference');
-
-                   callback(null, result);
-
-
-                   // Helper method to get wiki info if a given language exists
-                   function getWikiInfo(wiki, langCode, tKey) {
-                       if (wiki && wiki[langCode]) {
-                           return {
-                               title: wiki[langCode],
-                               text: tKey,
-                               url: 'https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/' + wiki[langCode]
-                           };
-                       }
-                   }
+           return false;
+         },
+         geometry: function geometry(graph) {
+           return graph["transient"](this, 'geometry', function () {
+             return this.isArea() ? 'area' : 'line';
+           });
+         },
+         // returns an array of objects representing the segments between the nodes in this way
+         segments: function segments(graph) {
+           function segmentExtent(graph) {
+             var n1 = graph.hasEntity(this.nodes[0]);
+             var n2 = graph.hasEntity(this.nodes[1]);
+             return n1 && n2 && geoExtent([[Math.min(n1.loc[0], n2.loc[0]), Math.min(n1.loc[1], n2.loc[1])], [Math.max(n1.loc[0], n2.loc[0]), Math.max(n1.loc[1], n2.loc[1])]]);
+           }
+
+           return graph["transient"](this, 'segments', function () {
+             var segments = [];
+
+             for (var i = 0; i < this.nodes.length - 1; i++) {
+               segments.push({
+                 id: this.id + '-' + i,
+                 wayId: this.id,
+                 index: i,
+                 nodes: [this.nodes[i], this.nodes[i + 1]],
+                 extent: segmentExtent
                });
-           },
+             }
 
+             return segments;
+           });
+         },
+         // If this way is not closed, append the beginning node to the end of the nodelist to close it.
+         close: function close() {
+           if (this.isClosed() || !this.nodes.length) return this;
+           var nodes = this.nodes.slice();
+           nodes = nodes.filter(noRepeatNodes);
+           nodes.push(nodes[0]);
+           return this.update({
+             nodes: nodes
+           });
+         },
+         // If this way is closed, remove any connector nodes from the end of the nodelist to unclose it.
+         unclose: function unclose() {
+           if (!this.isClosed()) return this;
+           var nodes = this.nodes.slice();
+           var connector = this.first();
+           var i = nodes.length - 1; // remove trailing connectors..
 
-           addLocale: function(langCode, qid) {
-               // Makes it easier to unit test
-               _localeIDs[langCode] = qid;
-           },
+           while (i > 0 && nodes.length > 1 && nodes[i] === connector) {
+             nodes.splice(i, 1);
+             i = nodes.length - 1;
+           }
 
+           nodes = nodes.filter(noRepeatNodes);
+           return this.update({
+             nodes: nodes
+           });
+         },
+         // Adds a node (id) in front of the node which is currently at position index.
+         // If index is undefined, the node will be added to the end of the way for linear ways,
+         //   or just before the final connecting node for circular ways.
+         // Consecutive duplicates are eliminated including existing ones.
+         // Circularity is always preserved when adding a node.
+         addNode: function addNode(id, index) {
+           var nodes = this.nodes.slice();
+           var isClosed = this.isClosed();
+           var max = isClosed ? nodes.length - 1 : nodes.length;
 
-           apibase: function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return apibase$3;
-               apibase$3 = val;
-               return this;
+           if (index === undefined) {
+             index = max;
            }
 
-       };
-
-       var jsonpCache = {};
-       window.jsonpCache = jsonpCache;
+           if (index < 0 || index > max) {
+             throw new RangeError('index ' + index + ' out of range 0..' + max);
+           } // If this is a closed way, remove all connector nodes except the first one
+           // (there may be duplicates) and adjust index if necessary..
 
-       function jsonpRequest(url, callback) {
-           var request = {
-               abort: function() {}
-           };
 
-           if (window.JSONP_FIX) {
-               if (window.JSONP_DELAY === 0) {
-                   callback(window.JSONP_FIX);
-               } else {
-                   var t = window.setTimeout(function() {
-                       callback(window.JSONP_FIX);
-                   }, window.JSONP_DELAY || 0);
+           if (isClosed) {
+             var connector = this.first(); // leading connectors..
 
-                   request.abort = function() { window.clearTimeout(t); };
-               }
+             var i = 1;
 
-               return request;
-           }
+             while (i < nodes.length && nodes.length > 2 && nodes[i] === connector) {
+               nodes.splice(i, 1);
+               if (index > i) index--;
+             } // trailing connectors..
 
-           function rand() {
-               var chars = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz';
-               var c = '';
-               var i = -1;
-               while (++i < 15) c += chars.charAt(Math.floor(Math.random() * 52));
-               return c;
-           }
 
-           function create(url) {
-               var e = url.match(/callback=(\w+)/);
-               var c = e ? e[1] : rand();
+             i = nodes.length - 1;
 
-               jsonpCache[c] = function(data) {
-                   if (jsonpCache[c]) {
-                       callback(data);
-                   }
-                   finalize();
-               };
+             while (i > 0 && nodes.length > 1 && nodes[i] === connector) {
+               nodes.splice(i, 1);
+               if (index > i) index--;
+               i = nodes.length - 1;
+             }
+           }
 
-               function finalize() {
-                   delete jsonpCache[c];
-                   script.remove();
-               }
+           nodes.splice(index, 0, id);
+           nodes = nodes.filter(noRepeatNodes); // If the way was closed before, append a connector node to keep it closed..
 
-               request.abort = finalize;
-               return 'jsonpCache.' + c;
+           if (isClosed && (nodes.length === 1 || nodes[0] !== nodes[nodes.length - 1])) {
+             nodes.push(nodes[0]);
            }
 
-           var cb = create(url);
-
-           var script = select('head')
-               .append('script')
-               .attr('type', 'text/javascript')
-               .attr('src', url.replace(/(\{|%7B)callback(\}|%7D)/, cb));
+           return this.update({
+             nodes: nodes
+           });
+         },
+         // Replaces the node which is currently at position index with the given node (id).
+         // Consecutive duplicates are eliminated including existing ones.
+         // Circularity is preserved when updating a node.
+         updateNode: function updateNode(id, index) {
+           var nodes = this.nodes.slice();
+           var isClosed = this.isClosed();
+           var max = nodes.length - 1;
 
-           return request;
-       }
+           if (index === undefined || index < 0 || index > max) {
+             throw new RangeError('index ' + index + ' out of range 0..' + max);
+           } // If this is a closed way, remove all connector nodes except the first one
+           // (there may be duplicates) and adjust index if necessary..
 
-       const bubbleApi = 'https://dev.virtualearth.net/mapcontrol/HumanScaleServices/GetBubbles.ashx?';
-       const streetsideImagesApi = 'https://t.ssl.ak.tiles.virtualearth.net/tiles/';
-       const bubbleAppKey = 'AuftgJsO0Xs8Ts4M1xZUQJQXJNsvmh3IV8DkNieCiy3tCwCUMq76-WpkrBtNAuEm';
-       const pannellumViewerCSS = 'pannellum-streetside/pannellum.css';
-       const pannellumViewerJS = 'pannellum-streetside/pannellum.js';
-       const maxResults$2 = 2000;
-       const tileZoom$2 = 16.5;
-       const tiler$6 = utilTiler().zoomExtent([tileZoom$2, tileZoom$2]).skipNullIsland(true);
-       const dispatch$7 = dispatch('loadedBubbles', 'viewerChanged');
-       const minHfov = 10;         // zoom in degrees:  20, 10, 5
-       const maxHfov = 90;         // zoom out degrees
-       const defaultHfov = 45;
-
-       let _hires = false;
-       let _resolution = 512;    // higher numbers are slower - 512, 1024, 2048, 4096
-       let _currScene = 0;
-       let _ssCache;
-       let _pannellumViewer;
-       let _sceneOptions;
-       let _dataUrlArray = [];
 
+           if (isClosed) {
+             var connector = this.first(); // leading connectors..
 
-       /**
-        * abortRequest().
-        */
-       function abortRequest$6(i) {
-         i.abort();
-       }
+             var i = 1;
 
+             while (i < nodes.length && nodes.length > 2 && nodes[i] === connector) {
+               nodes.splice(i, 1);
+               if (index > i) index--;
+             } // trailing connectors..
 
-       /**
-        * localeTimeStamp().
-        */
-       function localeTimestamp(s) {
-         if (!s) return null;
-         const options = { day: 'numeric', month: 'short', year: 'numeric' };
-         const d = new Date(s);
-         if (isNaN(d.getTime())) return null;
-         return d.toLocaleString(_mainLocalizer.localeCode(), options);
-       }
 
+             i = nodes.length - 1;
 
-       /**
-        * loadTiles() wraps the process of generating tiles and then fetching image points for each tile.
-        */
-       function loadTiles$2(which, url, projection, margin) {
-         const tiles = tiler$6.margin(margin).getTiles(projection);
+             while (i > 0 && nodes.length > 1 && nodes[i] === connector) {
+               nodes.splice(i, 1);
+               if (index === i) index = 0; // update leading connector instead
 
-         // abort inflight requests that are no longer needed
-         const cache = _ssCache[which];
-         Object.keys(cache.inflight).forEach(k => {
-           const wanted = tiles.find(tile => k.indexOf(tile.id + ',') === 0);
-           if (!wanted) {
-             abortRequest$6(cache.inflight[k]);
-             delete cache.inflight[k];
+               i = nodes.length - 1;
+             }
            }
-         });
 
-         tiles.forEach(tile => loadNextTilePage$2(which, url, tile));
-       }
+           nodes.splice(index, 1, id);
+           nodes = nodes.filter(noRepeatNodes); // If the way was closed before, append a connector node to keep it closed..
 
+           if (isClosed && (nodes.length === 1 || nodes[0] !== nodes[nodes.length - 1])) {
+             nodes.push(nodes[0]);
+           }
 
-       /**
-        * loadNextTilePage() load data for the next tile page in line.
-        */
-       function loadNextTilePage$2(which, url, tile) {
-         const cache = _ssCache[which];
-         const nextPage = cache.nextPage[tile.id] || 0;
-         const id = tile.id + ',' + String(nextPage);
-         if (cache.loaded[id] || cache.inflight[id]) return;
+           return this.update({
+             nodes: nodes
+           });
+         },
+         // Replaces each occurrence of node id needle with replacement.
+         // Consecutive duplicates are eliminated including existing ones.
+         // Circularity is preserved.
+         replaceNode: function replaceNode(needleID, replacementID) {
+           var nodes = this.nodes.slice();
+           var isClosed = this.isClosed();
 
-         cache.inflight[id] = getBubbles(url, tile, (bubbles) => {
-           cache.loaded[id] = true;
-           delete cache.inflight[id];
-           if (!bubbles) return;
+           for (var i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) {
+             if (nodes[i] === needleID) {
+               nodes[i] = replacementID;
+             }
+           }
 
-           // [].shift() removes the first element, some statistics info, not a bubble point
-           bubbles.shift();
+           nodes = nodes.filter(noRepeatNodes); // If the way was closed before, append a connector node to keep it closed..
 
-           const features = bubbles.map(bubble => {
-             if (cache.points[bubble.id]) return null;  // skip duplicates
+           if (isClosed && (nodes.length === 1 || nodes[0] !== nodes[nodes.length - 1])) {
+             nodes.push(nodes[0]);
+           }
 
-             const loc = [bubble.lo, bubble.la];
-             const d = {
-               loc: loc,
-               key: bubble.id,
-               ca: bubble.he,
-               captured_at: bubble.cd,
-               captured_by: 'microsoft',
-               // nbn: bubble.nbn,
-               // pbn: bubble.pbn,
-               // ad: bubble.ad,
-               // rn: bubble.rn,
-               pr: bubble.pr,  // previous
-               ne: bubble.ne,  // next
-               pano: true,
-               sequenceKey: null
-             };
+           return this.update({
+             nodes: nodes
+           });
+         },
+         // Removes each occurrence of node id.
+         // Consecutive duplicates are eliminated including existing ones.
+         // Circularity is preserved.
+         removeNode: function removeNode(id) {
+           var nodes = this.nodes.slice();
+           var isClosed = this.isClosed();
+           nodes = nodes.filter(function (node) {
+             return node !== id;
+           }).filter(noRepeatNodes); // If the way was closed before, append a connector node to keep it closed..
+
+           if (isClosed && (nodes.length === 1 || nodes[0] !== nodes[nodes.length - 1])) {
+             nodes.push(nodes[0]);
+           }
+
+           return this.update({
+             nodes: nodes
+           });
+         },
+         asJXON: function asJXON(changeset_id) {
+           var r = {
+             way: {
+               '@id': this.osmId(),
+               '@version': this.version || 0,
+               nd: this.nodes.map(function (id) {
+                 return {
+                   keyAttributes: {
+                     ref: osmEntity.id.toOSM(id)
+                   }
+                 };
+               }, this),
+               tag: Object.keys(this.tags).map(function (k) {
+                 return {
+                   keyAttributes: {
+                     k: k,
+                     v: this.tags[k]
+                   }
+                 };
+               }, this)
+             }
+           };
 
-             cache.points[bubble.id] = d;
+           if (changeset_id) {
+             r.way['@changeset'] = changeset_id;
+           }
 
-             // a sequence starts here
-             if (bubble.pr === undefined) {
-               cache.leaders.push(bubble.id);
-             }
+           return r;
+         },
+         asGeoJSON: function asGeoJSON(resolver) {
+           return resolver["transient"](this, 'GeoJSON', function () {
+             var coordinates = resolver.childNodes(this).map(function (n) {
+               return n.loc;
+             });
 
-             return {
-               minX: loc[0], minY: loc[1], maxX: loc[0], maxY: loc[1], data: d
+             if (this.isArea() && this.isClosed()) {
+               return {
+                 type: 'Polygon',
+                 coordinates: [coordinates]
+               };
+             } else {
+               return {
+                 type: 'LineString',
+                 coordinates: coordinates
+               };
+             }
+           });
+         },
+         area: function area(resolver) {
+           return resolver["transient"](this, 'area', function () {
+             var nodes = resolver.childNodes(this);
+             var json = {
+               type: 'Polygon',
+               coordinates: [nodes.map(function (n) {
+                 return n.loc;
+               })]
              };
 
-           }).filter(Boolean);
+             if (!this.isClosed() && nodes.length) {
+               json.coordinates[0].push(nodes[0].loc);
+             }
 
-           cache.rtree.load(features);
+             var area = d3_geoArea(json); // Heuristic for detecting counterclockwise winding order. Assumes
+             // that OpenStreetMap polygons are not hemisphere-spanning.
 
-           connectSequences();
+             if (area > 2 * Math.PI) {
+               json.coordinates[0] = json.coordinates[0].reverse();
+               area = d3_geoArea(json);
+             }
 
-           if (which === 'bubbles') {
-             dispatch$7.call('loadedBubbles');
-           }
-         });
+             return isNaN(area) ? 0 : area;
+           });
+         }
+       }); // Filter function to eliminate consecutive duplicates.
+
+       function noRepeatNodes(node, i, arr) {
+         return i === 0 || node !== arr[i - 1];
        }
 
+       //
+       // 1. Relation tagged with `type=multipolygon` and no interesting tags.
+       // 2. One and only one member with the `outer` role. Must be a way with interesting tags.
+       // 3. No members without a role.
+       //
+       // Old multipolygons are no longer recommended but are still rendered as areas by iD.
 
-       // call this sometimes to connect the bubbles into sequences
-       function connectSequences() {
-         let cache = _ssCache.bubbles;
-         let keepLeaders = [];
+       function osmOldMultipolygonOuterMemberOfRelation(entity, graph) {
+         if (entity.type !== 'relation' || !entity.isMultipolygon() || Object.keys(entity.tags).filter(osmIsInterestingTag).length > 1) {
+           return false;
+         }
 
-         for (let i = 0; i < cache.leaders.length; i++) {
-           let bubble = cache.points[cache.leaders[i]];
-           let seen = {};
+         var outerMember;
 
-           // try to make a sequence.. use the key of the leader bubble.
-           let sequence = { key: bubble.key, bubbles: [] };
-           let complete = false;
+         for (var memberIndex in entity.members) {
+           var member = entity.members[memberIndex];
 
-           do {
-             sequence.bubbles.push(bubble);
-             seen[bubble.key] = true;
+           if (!member.role || member.role === 'outer') {
+             if (outerMember) return false;
+             if (member.type !== 'way') return false;
+             if (!graph.hasEntity(member.id)) return false;
+             outerMember = graph.entity(member.id);
 
-             if (bubble.ne === undefined) {
-               complete = true;
-             } else {
-               bubble = cache.points[bubble.ne];  // advance to next
+             if (Object.keys(outerMember.tags).filter(osmIsInterestingTag).length === 0) {
+               return false;
              }
-           } while (bubble && !seen[bubble.key] && !complete);
+           }
+         }
 
+         return outerMember;
+       } // For fixing up rendering of multipolygons with tags on the outer member.
+       // https://github.com/openstreetmap/iD/issues/613
 
-           if (complete) {
-             _ssCache.sequences[sequence.key] = sequence;
+       function osmIsOldMultipolygonOuterMember(entity, graph) {
+         if (entity.type !== 'way' || Object.keys(entity.tags).filter(osmIsInterestingTag).length === 0) {
+           return false;
+         }
 
-             // assign bubbles to the sequence
-             for (let j = 0; j < sequence.bubbles.length; j++) {
-               sequence.bubbles[j].sequenceKey = sequence.key;
-             }
+         var parents = graph.parentRelations(entity);
+         if (parents.length !== 1) return false;
+         var parent = parents[0];
 
-             // create a GeoJSON LineString
-             sequence.geojson = {
-               type: 'LineString',
-               properties: { key: sequence.key },
-               coordinates: sequence.bubbles.map(d => d.loc)
-             };
+         if (!parent.isMultipolygon() || Object.keys(parent.tags).filter(osmIsInterestingTag).length > 1) {
+           return false;
+         }
 
-           } else {
-             keepLeaders.push(cache.leaders[i]);
+         var members = parent.members,
+             member;
+
+         for (var i = 0; i < members.length; i++) {
+           member = members[i];
+
+           if (member.id === entity.id && member.role && member.role !== 'outer') {
+             // Not outer member
+             return false;
+           }
+
+           if (member.id !== entity.id && (!member.role || member.role === 'outer')) {
+             // Not a simple multipolygon
+             return false;
            }
          }
 
-         // couldn't complete these, save for later
-         cache.leaders = keepLeaders;
+         return parent;
        }
+       function osmOldMultipolygonOuterMember(entity, graph) {
+         if (entity.type !== 'way') return false;
+         var parents = graph.parentRelations(entity);
+         if (parents.length !== 1) return false;
+         var parent = parents[0];
+
+         if (!parent.isMultipolygon() || Object.keys(parent.tags).filter(osmIsInterestingTag).length > 1) {
+           return false;
+         }
 
+         var members = parent.members,
+             member,
+             outerMember;
 
-       /**
-        * getBubbles() handles the request to the server for a tile extent of 'bubbles' (streetside image locations).
-        */
-       function getBubbles(url, tile, callback) {
-         let rect = tile.extent.rectangle();
-         let urlForRequest = url + utilQsString({
-           n: rect[3],
-           s: rect[1],
-           e: rect[2],
-           w: rect[0],
-           c: maxResults$2,
-           appkey: bubbleAppKey,
-           jsCallback: '{callback}'
-         });
+         for (var i = 0; i < members.length; i++) {
+           member = members[i];
 
-         return jsonpRequest(urlForRequest, (data) => {
-           if (!data || data.error) {
-             callback(null);
-           } else {
-             callback(data);
+           if (!member.role || member.role === 'outer') {
+             if (outerMember) return false; // Not a simple multipolygon
+
+             outerMember = member;
            }
-         });
-       }
+         }
 
+         if (!outerMember) return false;
+         var outerEntity = graph.hasEntity(outerMember.id);
 
-       // partition viewport into higher zoom tiles
-       function partitionViewport$2(projection) {
-         let z = geoScaleToZoom(projection.scale());
-         let z2 = (Math.ceil(z * 2) / 2) + 2.5;   // round to next 0.5 and add 2.5
-         let tiler = utilTiler().zoomExtent([z2, z2]);
+         if (!outerEntity || !Object.keys(outerEntity.tags).filter(osmIsInterestingTag).length) {
+           return false;
+         }
 
-         return tiler.getTiles(projection)
-           .map(tile => tile.extent);
-       }
+         return outerEntity;
+       } // Join `toJoin` array into sequences of connecting ways.
+       // Segments which share identical start/end nodes will, as much as possible,
+       // be connected with each other.
+       //
+       // The return value is a nested array. Each constituent array contains elements
+       // of `toJoin` which have been determined to connect.
+       //
+       // Each consitituent array also has a `nodes` property whose value is an
+       // ordered array of member nodes, with appropriate order reversal and
+       // start/end coordinate de-duplication.
+       //
+       // Members of `toJoin` must have, at minimum, `type` and `id` properties.
+       // Thus either an array of `osmWay`s or a relation member array may be used.
+       //
+       // If an member is an `osmWay`, its tags and childnodes may be reversed via
+       // `actionReverse` in the output.
+       //
+       // The returned sequences array also has an `actions` array property, containing
+       // any reversal actions that should be applied to the graph, should the calling
+       // code attempt to actually join the given ways.
+       //
+       // Incomplete members (those for which `graph.hasEntity(element.id)` returns
+       // false) and non-way members are ignored.
+       //
 
+       function osmJoinWays(toJoin, graph) {
+         function resolve(member) {
+           return graph.childNodes(graph.entity(member.id));
+         }
 
-       // no more than `limit` results per partition.
-       function searchLimited$2(limit, projection, rtree) {
-         limit = limit || 5;
+         function reverse(item) {
+           var action = actionReverse(item.id, {
+             reverseOneway: true
+           });
+           sequences.actions.push(action);
+           return item instanceof osmWay ? action(graph).entity(item.id) : item;
+         } // make a copy containing only the items to join
 
-         return partitionViewport$2(projection)
-           .reduce((result, extent) => {
-             let found = rtree.search(extent.bbox())
-               .slice(0, limit)
-               .map(d => d.data);
 
-             return (found.length ? result.concat(found) : result);
-           }, []);
-       }
+         toJoin = toJoin.filter(function (member) {
+           return member.type === 'way' && graph.hasEntity(member.id);
+         }); // Are the things we are joining relation members or `osmWays`?
+         // If `osmWays`, skip the "prefer a forward path" code below (see #4872)
 
+         var i;
+         var joinAsMembers = true;
 
-       /**
-        * loadImage()
-        */
-       function loadImage(imgInfo) {
-         return new Promise(resolve => {
-           let img = new Image();
-           img.onload = () => {
-             let canvas = document.getElementById('ideditor-canvas' + imgInfo.face);
-             let ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
-             ctx.drawImage(img, imgInfo.x, imgInfo.y);
-             resolve({ imgInfo: imgInfo, status: 'ok' });
-           };
-           img.onerror = () => {
-             resolve({ data: imgInfo, status: 'error' });
-           };
-           img.setAttribute('crossorigin', '');
-           img.src = imgInfo.url;
-         });
-       }
+         for (i = 0; i < toJoin.length; i++) {
+           if (toJoin[i] instanceof osmWay) {
+             joinAsMembers = false;
+             break;
+           }
+         }
 
+         var sequences = [];
+         sequences.actions = [];
 
-       /**
-        * loadCanvas()
-        */
-       function loadCanvas(imageGroup) {
-         return Promise.all(imageGroup.map(loadImage))
-           .then((data) => {
-             let canvas = document.getElementById('ideditor-canvas' + data[0].imgInfo.face);
-             const which = { '01': 0, '02': 1, '03': 2, '10': 3, '11': 4, '12': 5 };
-             let face = data[0].imgInfo.face;
-             _dataUrlArray[which[face]] = canvas.toDataURL('image/jpeg', 1.0);
-             return { status: 'loadCanvas for face ' + data[0].imgInfo.face + 'ok'};
-           });
-       }
+         while (toJoin.length) {
+           // start a new sequence
+           var item = toJoin.shift();
+           var currWays = [item];
+           var currNodes = resolve(item).slice(); // add to it
 
+           while (toJoin.length) {
+             var start = currNodes[0];
+             var end = currNodes[currNodes.length - 1];
+             var fn = null;
+             var nodes = null; // Find the next way/member to join.
+
+             for (i = 0; i < toJoin.length; i++) {
+               item = toJoin[i];
+               nodes = resolve(item); // (for member ordering only, not way ordering - see #4872)
+               // Strongly prefer to generate a forward path that preserves the order
+               // of the members array. For multipolygons and most relations, member
+               // order does not matter - but for routes, it does. (see #4589)
+               // If we started this sequence backwards (i.e. next member way attaches to
+               // the start node and not the end node), reverse the initial way before continuing.
+
+               if (joinAsMembers && currWays.length === 1 && nodes[0] !== end && nodes[nodes.length - 1] !== end && (nodes[nodes.length - 1] === start || nodes[0] === start)) {
+                 currWays[0] = reverse(currWays[0]);
+                 currNodes.reverse();
+                 start = currNodes[0];
+                 end = currNodes[currNodes.length - 1];
+               }
+
+               if (nodes[0] === end) {
+                 fn = currNodes.push; // join to end
+
+                 nodes = nodes.slice(1);
+                 break;
+               } else if (nodes[nodes.length - 1] === end) {
+                 fn = currNodes.push; // join to end
 
-       /**
-        * loadFaces()
-        */
-       function loadFaces(faceGroup) {
-         return Promise.all(faceGroup.map(loadCanvas))
-           .then(() => { return { status: 'loadFaces done' }; });
-       }
+                 nodes = nodes.slice(0, -1).reverse();
+                 item = reverse(item);
+                 break;
+               } else if (nodes[nodes.length - 1] === start) {
+                 fn = currNodes.unshift; // join to beginning
 
+                 nodes = nodes.slice(0, -1);
+                 break;
+               } else if (nodes[0] === start) {
+                 fn = currNodes.unshift; // join to beginning
 
-       function setupCanvas(selection, reset) {
-         if (reset) {
-           selection.selectAll('#ideditor-stitcher-canvases')
-             .remove();
-         }
+                 nodes = nodes.slice(1).reverse();
+                 item = reverse(item);
+                 break;
+               } else {
+                 fn = nodes = null;
+               }
+             }
 
-         // Add the Streetside working canvases. These are used for 'stitching', or combining,
-         // multiple images for each of the six faces, before passing to the Pannellum control as DataUrls
-         selection.selectAll('#ideditor-stitcher-canvases')
-           .data([0])
-           .enter()
-           .append('div')
-           .attr('id', 'ideditor-stitcher-canvases')
-           .attr('display', 'none')
-           .selectAll('canvas')
-           .data(['canvas01', 'canvas02', 'canvas03', 'canvas10', 'canvas11', 'canvas12'])
-           .enter()
-           .append('canvas')
-           .attr('id', d => 'ideditor-' + d)
-           .attr('width', _resolution)
-           .attr('height', _resolution);
-       }
+             if (!nodes) {
+               // couldn't find a joinable way/member
+               break;
+             }
 
+             fn.apply(currWays, [item]);
+             fn.apply(currNodes, nodes);
+             toJoin.splice(i, 1);
+           }
 
-       function qkToXY(qk) {
-         let x = 0;
-         let y = 0;
-         let scale = 256;
-         for (let i = qk.length; i > 0; i--) {
-           const key = qk[i-1];
-           x += (+(key === '1' || key === '3')) * scale;
-           y += (+(key === '2' || key === '3')) * scale;
-           scale *= 2;
+           currWays.nodes = currNodes;
+           sequences.push(currWays);
          }
-         return [x, y];
+
+         return sequences;
        }
 
+       function actionAddMember(relationId, member, memberIndex, insertPair) {
+         return function action(graph) {
+           var relation = graph.entity(relationId); // There are some special rules for Public Transport v2 routes.
 
-       function getQuadKeys() {
-         let dim = _resolution / 256;
-         let quadKeys;
+           var isPTv2 = /stop|platform/.test(member.role);
 
-         if (dim === 16) {
-           quadKeys = [
-             '0000','0001','0010','0011','0100','0101','0110','0111',  '1000','1001','1010','1011','1100','1101','1110','1111',
-             '0002','0003','0012','0013','0102','0103','0112','0113',  '1002','1003','1012','1013','1102','1103','1112','1113',
-             '0020','0021','0030','0031','0120','0121','0130','0131',  '1020','1021','1030','1031','1120','1121','1130','1131',
-             '0022','0023','0032','0033','0122','0123','0132','0133',  '1022','1023','1032','1033','1122','1123','1132','1133',
-             '0200','0201','0210','0211','0300','0301','0310','0311',  '1200','1201','1210','1211','1300','1301','1310','1311',
-             '0202','0203','0212','0213','0302','0303','0312','0313',  '1202','1203','1212','1213','1302','1303','1312','1313',
-             '0220','0221','0230','0231','0320','0321','0330','0331',  '1220','1221','1230','1231','1320','1321','1330','1331',
-             '0222','0223','0232','0233','0322','0323','0332','0333',  '1222','1223','1232','1233','1322','1323','1332','1333',
-
-             '2000','2001','2010','2011','2100','2101','2110','2111',  '3000','3001','3010','3011','3100','3101','3110','3111',
-             '2002','2003','2012','2013','2102','2103','2112','2113',  '3002','3003','3012','3013','3102','3103','3112','3113',
-             '2020','2021','2030','2031','2120','2121','2130','2131',  '3020','3021','3030','3031','3120','3121','3130','3131',
-             '2022','2023','2032','2033','2122','2123','2132','2133',  '3022','3023','3032','3033','3122','3123','3132','3133',
-             '2200','2201','2210','2211','2300','2301','2310','2311',  '3200','3201','3210','3211','3300','3301','3310','3311',
-             '2202','2203','2212','2213','2302','2303','2312','2313',  '3202','3203','3212','3213','3302','3303','3312','3313',
-             '2220','2221','2230','2231','2320','2321','2330','2331',  '3220','3221','3230','3231','3320','3321','3330','3331',
-             '2222','2223','2232','2233','2322','2323','2332','2333',  '3222','3223','3232','3233','3322','3323','3332','3333'
-           ];
+           if ((isNaN(memberIndex) || insertPair) && member.type === 'way' && !isPTv2) {
+             // Try to perform sensible inserts based on how the ways join together
+             graph = addWayMember(relation, graph);
+           } else {
+             // see https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Public_transport#Service_routes
+             // Stops and Platforms for PTv2 should be ordered first.
+             // hack: We do not currently have the ability to place them in the exactly correct order.
+             if (isPTv2 && isNaN(memberIndex)) {
+               memberIndex = 0;
+             }
 
-         } else if (dim === 8) {
-           quadKeys = [
-             '000','001','010','011',  '100','101','110','111',
-             '002','003','012','013',  '102','103','112','113',
-             '020','021','030','031',  '120','121','130','131',
-             '022','023','032','033',  '122','123','132','133',
-
-             '200','201','210','211',  '300','301','310','311',
-             '202','203','212','213',  '302','303','312','313',
-             '220','221','230','231',  '320','321','330','331',
-             '222','223','232','233',  '322','323','332','333'
-           ];
+             graph = graph.replace(relation.addMember(member, memberIndex));
+           }
 
-         } else if (dim === 4) {
-           quadKeys = [
-             '00','01',  '10','11',
-             '02','03',  '12','13',
+           return graph;
+         }; // Add a way member into the relation "wherever it makes sense".
+         // In this situation we were not supplied a memberIndex.
 
-             '20','21',  '30','31',
-             '22','23',  '32','33'
-           ];
+         function addWayMember(relation, graph) {
+           var groups, tempWay, item, i, j, k; // remove PTv2 stops and platforms before doing anything.
 
-         } else {  // dim === 2
-           quadKeys = [
-             '0', '1',
-             '2', '3'
-           ];
-         }
+           var PTv2members = [];
+           var members = [];
 
-         return quadKeys;
-       }
+           for (i = 0; i < relation.members.length; i++) {
+             var m = relation.members[i];
 
+             if (/stop|platform/.test(m.role)) {
+               PTv2members.push(m);
+             } else {
+               members.push(m);
+             }
+           }
 
+           relation = relation.update({
+             members: members
+           });
 
-       var serviceStreetside = {
-         /**
-          * init() initialize streetside.
-          */
-         init: function() {
-           if (!_ssCache) {
-             this.reset();
+           if (insertPair) {
+             // We're adding a member that must stay paired with an existing member.
+             // (This feature is used by `actionSplit`)
+             //
+             // This is tricky because the members may exist multiple times in the
+             // member list, and with different A-B/B-A ordering and different roles.
+             // (e.g. a bus route that loops out and back - #4589).
+             //
+             // Replace the existing member with a temporary way,
+             // so that `osmJoinWays` can treat the pair like a single way.
+             tempWay = osmWay({
+               id: 'wTemp',
+               nodes: insertPair.nodes
+             });
+             graph = graph.replace(tempWay);
+             var tempMember = {
+               id: tempWay.id,
+               type: 'way',
+               role: member.role
+             };
+             var tempRelation = relation.replaceMember({
+               id: insertPair.originalID
+             }, tempMember, true);
+             groups = utilArrayGroupBy(tempRelation.members, 'type');
+             groups.way = groups.way || [];
+           } else {
+             // Add the member anywhere, one time. Just push and let `osmJoinWays` decide where to put it.
+             groups = utilArrayGroupBy(relation.members, 'type');
+             groups.way = groups.way || [];
+             groups.way.push(member);
            }
 
-           this.event = utilRebind(this, dispatch$7, 'on');
-         },
+           members = withIndex(groups.way);
+           var joined = osmJoinWays(members, graph); // `joined` might not contain all of the way members,
+           // But will contain only the completed (downloaded) members
 
-         /**
-          * reset() reset the cache.
-          */
-         reset: function() {
-           if (_ssCache) {
-             Object.values(_ssCache.bubbles.inflight).forEach(abortRequest$6);
-           }
+           for (i = 0; i < joined.length; i++) {
+             var segment = joined[i];
+             var nodes = segment.nodes.slice();
+             var startIndex = segment[0].index; // j = array index in `members` where this segment starts
 
-           _ssCache = {
-             bubbles: { inflight: {}, loaded: {}, nextPage: {}, rtree: new RBush(), points: {}, leaders: [] },
-             sequences: {}
-           };
-         },
+             for (j = 0; j < members.length; j++) {
+               if (members[j].index === startIndex) {
+                 break;
+               }
+             } // k = each member in segment
 
-         /**
-          * bubbles()
-          */
-         bubbles: function(projection) {
-           const limit = 5;
-           return searchLimited$2(limit, projection, _ssCache.bubbles.rtree);
-         },
 
+             for (k = 0; k < segment.length; k++) {
+               item = segment[k];
+               var way = graph.entity(item.id); // If this is a paired item, generate members in correct order and role
+
+               if (tempWay && item.id === tempWay.id) {
+                 if (nodes[0].id === insertPair.nodes[0]) {
+                   item.pair = [{
+                     id: insertPair.originalID,
+                     type: 'way',
+                     role: item.role
+                   }, {
+                     id: insertPair.insertedID,
+                     type: 'way',
+                     role: item.role
+                   }];
+                 } else {
+                   item.pair = [{
+                     id: insertPair.insertedID,
+                     type: 'way',
+                     role: item.role
+                   }, {
+                     id: insertPair.originalID,
+                     type: 'way',
+                     role: item.role
+                   }];
+                 }
+               } // reorder `members` if necessary
 
-         sequences: function(projection) {
-           const viewport = projection.clipExtent();
-           const min = [viewport[0][0], viewport[1][1]];
-           const max = [viewport[1][0], viewport[0][1]];
-           const bbox = geoExtent(projection.invert(min), projection.invert(max)).bbox();
-           let seen = {};
-           let results = [];
 
-           // all sequences for bubbles in viewport
-           _ssCache.bubbles.rtree.search(bbox)
-             .forEach(d => {
-               const key = d.data.sequenceKey;
-               if (key && !seen[key]) {
-                   seen[key] = true;
-                   results.push(_ssCache.sequences[key].geojson);
+               if (k > 0) {
+                 if (j + k >= members.length || item.index !== members[j + k].index) {
+                   moveMember(members, item.index, j + k);
+                 }
                }
-             });
 
-           return results;
-         },
+               nodes.splice(0, way.nodes.length - 1);
+             }
+           }
 
+           if (tempWay) {
+             graph = graph.remove(tempWay);
+           } // Final pass: skip dead items, split pairs, remove index properties
 
-         /**
-          * loadBubbles()
-          */
-         loadBubbles: function(projection, margin) {
-           // by default: request 2 nearby tiles so we can connect sequences.
-           if (margin === undefined) margin = 2;
 
-           loadTiles$2('bubbles', bubbleApi, projection, margin);
-         },
+           var wayMembers = [];
 
+           for (i = 0; i < members.length; i++) {
+             item = members[i];
+             if (item.index === -1) continue;
 
-         viewer: function() {
-           return _pannellumViewer;
-         },
+             if (item.pair) {
+               wayMembers.push(item.pair[0]);
+               wayMembers.push(item.pair[1]);
+             } else {
+               wayMembers.push(utilObjectOmit(item, ['index']));
+             }
+           } // Put stops and platforms first, then nodes, ways, relations
+           // This is recommended for Public Transport v2 routes:
+           // see https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Public_transport#Service_routes
 
 
-         initViewer: function () {
-           if (!window.pannellum) return;
-           if (_pannellumViewer) return;
+           var newMembers = PTv2members.concat(groups.node || [], wayMembers, groups.relation || []);
+           return graph.replace(relation.update({
+             members: newMembers
+           })); // `moveMember()` changes the `members` array in place by splicing
+           // the item with `.index = findIndex` to where it belongs,
+           // and marking the old position as "dead" with `.index = -1`
+           //
+           // j=5, k=0                jk
+           // segment                 5 4 7 6
+           // members       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9        keep 5 in j+k
+           //
+           // j=5, k=1                j k
+           // segment                 5 4 7 6
+           // members       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9        move 4 to j+k
+           // members       0 1 2 3 x 5 4 6 7 8 9      moved
+           //
+           // j=5, k=2                j   k
+           // segment                 5 4 7 6
+           // members       0 1 2 3 x 5 4 6 7 8 9      move 7 to j+k
+           // members       0 1 2 3 x 5 4 7 6 x 8 9    moved
+           //
+           // j=5, k=3                j     k
+           // segment                 5 4 7 6
+           // members       0 1 2 3 x 5 4 7 6 x 8 9    keep 6 in j+k
+           //
 
-           const sceneID = ++_currScene + '';
-           const options = {
-             'default': { firstScene: sceneID },
-             scenes: {}
-           };
-           options.scenes[sceneID] = _sceneOptions;
+           function moveMember(arr, findIndex, toIndex) {
+             var i;
 
-           _pannellumViewer = window.pannellum.viewer('ideditor-viewer-streetside', options);
-         },
+             for (i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
+               if (arr[i].index === findIndex) {
+                 break;
+               }
+             }
 
+             var item = Object.assign({}, arr[i]); // shallow copy
 
-         /**
-          * loadViewer() create the streeside viewer.
-          */
-         loadViewer: function(context) {
-           let that = this;
+             arr[i].index = -1; // mark as dead
 
-           let pointerPrefix = 'PointerEvent' in window ? 'pointer' : 'mouse';
+             item.index = toIndex;
+             arr.splice(toIndex, 0, item);
+           } // This is the same as `Relation.indexedMembers`,
+           // Except we don't want to index all the members, only the ways
 
-           // create ms-wrapper, a photo wrapper class
-           let wrap = context.container().select('.photoviewer').selectAll('.ms-wrapper')
-             .data([0]);
 
-           // inject ms-wrapper into the photoviewer div
-           // (used by all to house each custom photo viewer)
-           let wrapEnter = wrap.enter()
-             .append('div')
-             .attr('class', 'photo-wrapper ms-wrapper')
-             .classed('hide', true);
-
-           // inject div to support streetside viewer (pannellum) and attribution line
-           wrapEnter
-             .append('div')
-             .attr('id', 'ideditor-viewer-streetside')
-             .on(pointerPrefix + 'down.streetside', () => {
-               select(window)
-                 .on(pointerPrefix + 'move.streetside', () => {
-                   dispatch$7.call('viewerChanged');
-                 }, true);
-             })
-             .on(pointerPrefix + 'up.streetside pointercancel.streetside', () => {
-               select(window)
-                 .on(pointerPrefix + 'move.streetside', null);
-
-               // continue dispatching events for a few seconds, in case viewer has inertia.
-               let t = timer(elapsed => {
-                 dispatch$7.call('viewerChanged');
-                 if (elapsed > 2000) {
-                   t.stop();
-                 }
-               });
-             })
-             .append('div')
-             .attr('class', 'photo-attribution fillD');
-
-           let controlsEnter = wrapEnter
-             .append('div')
-             .attr('class', 'photo-controls-wrap')
-             .append('div')
-             .attr('class', 'photo-controls');
-
-           controlsEnter
-             .append('button')
-             .on('click.back', step(-1))
-             .text('◄');
-
-           controlsEnter
-             .append('button')
-             .on('click.forward', step(1))
-             .text('►');
-
-
-           // create working canvas for stitching together images
-           wrap = wrap
-             .merge(wrapEnter)
-             .call(setupCanvas, true);
-
-           // load streetside pannellum viewer css
-           select('head').selectAll('#ideditor-streetside-viewercss')
-             .data([0])
-             .enter()
-             .append('link')
-             .attr('id', 'ideditor-streetside-viewercss')
-             .attr('rel', 'stylesheet')
-             .attr('href', context.asset(pannellumViewerCSS));
-
-           // load streetside pannellum viewer js
-           select('head').selectAll('#ideditor-streetside-viewerjs')
-             .data([0])
-             .enter()
-             .append('script')
-             .attr('id', 'ideditor-streetside-viewerjs')
-             .attr('src', context.asset(pannellumViewerJS));
-
-
-           // Register viewer resize handler
-           context.ui().photoviewer.on('resize.streetside', () => {
-             if (_pannellumViewer) {
-               _pannellumViewer.resize();
+           function withIndex(arr) {
+             var result = new Array(arr.length);
+
+             for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
+               result[i] = Object.assign({}, arr[i]); // shallow copy
+
+               result[i].index = i;
+             }
+
+             return result;
+           }
+         }
+       }
+
+       function actionAddMidpoint(midpoint, node) {
+         return function (graph) {
+           graph = graph.replace(node.move(midpoint.loc));
+           var parents = utilArrayIntersection(graph.parentWays(graph.entity(midpoint.edge[0])), graph.parentWays(graph.entity(midpoint.edge[1])));
+           parents.forEach(function (way) {
+             for (var i = 0; i < way.nodes.length - 1; i++) {
+               if (geoEdgeEqual([way.nodes[i], way.nodes[i + 1]], midpoint.edge)) {
+                 graph = graph.replace(graph.entity(way.id).addNode(node.id, i + 1)); // Add only one midpoint on doubled-back segments,
+                 // turning them into self-intersections.
+
+                 return;
+               }
              }
            });
+           return graph;
+         };
+       }
 
+       // https://github.com/openstreetmap/potlatch2/blob/master/net/systemeD/halcyon/connection/actions/AddNodeToWayAction.as
+       function actionAddVertex(wayId, nodeId, index) {
+         return function (graph) {
+           return graph.replace(graph.entity(wayId).addNode(nodeId, index));
+         };
+       }
 
-           function step(stepBy) {
-             return () => {
-               let viewer = context.container().select('.photoviewer');
-               let selected = viewer.empty() ? undefined : viewer.datum();
-               if (!selected) return;
+       function actionChangeMember(relationId, member, memberIndex) {
+         return function (graph) {
+           return graph.replace(graph.entity(relationId).updateMember(member, memberIndex));
+         };
+       }
 
-               let nextID = (stepBy === 1 ? selected.ne : selected.pr);
-               let yaw = _pannellumViewer.getYaw();
-               let ca = selected.ca + yaw;
-               let origin = selected.loc;
+       function actionChangePreset(entityID, oldPreset, newPreset, skipFieldDefaults) {
+         return function action(graph) {
+           var entity = graph.entity(entityID);
+           var geometry = entity.geometry(graph);
+           var tags = entity.tags; // preserve tags that the new preset might care about, if any
 
-               // construct a search trapezoid pointing out from current bubble
-               const meters = 35;
-               let p1 = [
-                 origin[0] + geoMetersToLon(meters / 5, origin[1]),
-                 origin[1]
-               ];
-               let p2 = [
-                 origin[0] + geoMetersToLon(meters / 2, origin[1]),
-                 origin[1] + geoMetersToLat(meters)
-               ];
-               let p3 = [
-                 origin[0] - geoMetersToLon(meters / 2, origin[1]),
-                 origin[1] + geoMetersToLat(meters)
-               ];
-               let p4 = [
-                 origin[0] - geoMetersToLon(meters / 5, origin[1]),
-                 origin[1]
-               ];
+           if (oldPreset) tags = oldPreset.unsetTags(tags, geometry, newPreset && newPreset.addTags ? Object.keys(newPreset.addTags) : null);
+           if (newPreset) tags = newPreset.setTags(tags, geometry, skipFieldDefaults);
+           return graph.replace(entity.update({
+             tags: tags
+           }));
+         };
+       }
 
-               let poly = [p1, p2, p3, p4, p1];
+       function actionChangeTags(entityId, tags) {
+         return function (graph) {
+           var entity = graph.entity(entityId);
+           return graph.replace(entity.update({
+             tags: tags
+           }));
+         };
+       }
 
-               // rotate it to face forward/backward
-               let angle = (stepBy === 1 ? ca : ca + 180) * (Math.PI / 180);
-               poly = geoRotate(poly, -angle, origin);
+       function osmNode() {
+         if (!(this instanceof osmNode)) {
+           return new osmNode().initialize(arguments);
+         } else if (arguments.length) {
+           this.initialize(arguments);
+         }
+       }
+       osmEntity.node = osmNode;
+       osmNode.prototype = Object.create(osmEntity.prototype);
+       Object.assign(osmNode.prototype, {
+         type: 'node',
+         loc: [9999, 9999],
+         extent: function extent() {
+           return new geoExtent(this.loc);
+         },
+         geometry: function geometry(graph) {
+           return graph["transient"](this, 'geometry', function () {
+             return graph.isPoi(this) ? 'point' : 'vertex';
+           });
+         },
+         move: function move(loc) {
+           return this.update({
+             loc: loc
+           });
+         },
+         isDegenerate: function isDegenerate() {
+           return !(Array.isArray(this.loc) && this.loc.length === 2 && this.loc[0] >= -180 && this.loc[0] <= 180 && this.loc[1] >= -90 && this.loc[1] <= 90);
+         },
+         // Inspect tags and geometry to determine which direction(s) this node/vertex points
+         directions: function directions(resolver, projection) {
+           var val;
+           var i; // which tag to use?
+
+           if (this.isHighwayIntersection(resolver) && (this.tags.stop || '').toLowerCase() === 'all') {
+             // all-way stop tag on a highway intersection
+             val = 'all';
+           } else {
+             // generic direction tag
+             val = (this.tags.direction || '').toLowerCase(); // better suffix-style direction tag
 
-               let extent = poly.reduce((extent, point) => {
-                 return extent.extend(geoExtent(point));
-               }, geoExtent());
-
-               // find nearest other bubble in the search polygon
-               let minDist = Infinity;
-               _ssCache.bubbles.rtree.search(extent.bbox())
-                 .forEach(d => {
-                   if (d.data.key === selected.key) return;
-                   if (!geoPointInPolygon(d.data.loc, poly)) return;
-
-                   let dist = geoVecLength(d.data.loc, selected.loc);
-                   let theta = selected.ca - d.data.ca;
-                   let minTheta = Math.min(Math.abs(theta), 360 - Math.abs(theta));
-                   if (minTheta > 20) {
-                     dist += 5;  // penalize distance if camera angles don't match
-                   }
+             var re = /:direction$/i;
+             var keys = Object.keys(this.tags);
 
-                   if (dist < minDist) {
-                     nextID = d.data.key;
-                     minDist = dist;
-                   }
-                 });
+             for (i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
+               if (re.test(keys[i])) {
+                 val = this.tags[keys[i]].toLowerCase();
+                 break;
+               }
+             }
+           }
 
-               let nextBubble = nextID && _ssCache.bubbles.points[nextID];
-               if (!nextBubble) return;
+           if (val === '') return [];
+           var cardinal = {
+             north: 0,
+             n: 0,
+             northnortheast: 22,
+             nne: 22,
+             northeast: 45,
+             ne: 45,
+             eastnortheast: 67,
+             ene: 67,
+             east: 90,
+             e: 90,
+             eastsoutheast: 112,
+             ese: 112,
+             southeast: 135,
+             se: 135,
+             southsoutheast: 157,
+             sse: 157,
+             south: 180,
+             s: 180,
+             southsouthwest: 202,
+             ssw: 202,
+             southwest: 225,
+             sw: 225,
+             westsouthwest: 247,
+             wsw: 247,
+             west: 270,
+             w: 270,
+             westnorthwest: 292,
+             wnw: 292,
+             northwest: 315,
+             nw: 315,
+             northnorthwest: 337,
+             nnw: 337
+           };
+           var values = val.split(';');
+           var results = [];
+           values.forEach(function (v) {
+             // swap cardinal for numeric directions
+             if (cardinal[v] !== undefined) {
+               v = cardinal[v];
+             } // numeric direction - just add to results
+
+
+             if (v !== '' && !isNaN(+v)) {
+               results.push(+v);
+               return;
+             } // string direction - inspect parent ways
 
-               context.map().centerEase(nextBubble.loc);
 
-               that.selectImage(context, nextBubble)
-                 .then(response => {
-                   if (response.status === 'ok') {
-                     _sceneOptions.yaw = yaw;
-                     that.showViewer(context);
+             var lookBackward = this.tags['traffic_sign:backward'] || v === 'backward' || v === 'both' || v === 'all';
+             var lookForward = this.tags['traffic_sign:forward'] || v === 'forward' || v === 'both' || v === 'all';
+             if (!lookForward && !lookBackward) return;
+             var nodeIds = {};
+             resolver.parentWays(this).forEach(function (parent) {
+               var nodes = parent.nodes;
+
+               for (i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) {
+                 if (nodes[i] === this.id) {
+                   // match current entity
+                   if (lookForward && i > 0) {
+                     nodeIds[nodes[i - 1]] = true; // look back to prev node
                    }
-                 });
-             };
-           }
+
+                   if (lookBackward && i < nodes.length - 1) {
+                     nodeIds[nodes[i + 1]] = true; // look ahead to next node
+                   }
+                 }
+               }
+             }, this);
+             Object.keys(nodeIds).forEach(function (nodeId) {
+               // +90 because geoAngle returns angle from X axis, not Y (north)
+               results.push(geoAngle(this, resolver.entity(nodeId), projection) * (180 / Math.PI) + 90);
+             }, this);
+           }, this);
+           return utilArrayUniq(results);
          },
+         isEndpoint: function isEndpoint(resolver) {
+           return resolver["transient"](this, 'isEndpoint', function () {
+             var id = this.id;
+             return resolver.parentWays(this).filter(function (parent) {
+               return !parent.isClosed() && !!parent.affix(id);
+             }).length > 0;
+           });
+         },
+         isConnected: function isConnected(resolver) {
+           return resolver["transient"](this, 'isConnected', function () {
+             var parents = resolver.parentWays(this);
 
+             if (parents.length > 1) {
+               // vertex is connected to multiple parent ways
+               for (var i in parents) {
+                 if (parents[i].geometry(resolver) === 'line' && parents[i].hasInterestingTags()) return true;
+               }
+             } else if (parents.length === 1) {
+               var way = parents[0];
+               var nodes = way.nodes.slice();
 
-         /**
-          * showViewer()
-          */
-         showViewer: function(context, yaw) {
-           if (!_sceneOptions) return;
+               if (way.isClosed()) {
+                 nodes.pop();
+               } // ignore connecting node if closed
+               // return true if vertex appears multiple times (way is self intersecting)
 
-           if (yaw !== undefined) {
-             _sceneOptions.yaw = yaw;
-           }
 
-           if (!_pannellumViewer) {
-             this.initViewer();
-           } else {
-             // make a new scene
-             let sceneID = ++_currScene + '';
-             _pannellumViewer
-               .addScene(sceneID, _sceneOptions)
-               .loadScene(sceneID);
+               return nodes.indexOf(this.id) !== nodes.lastIndexOf(this.id);
+             }
 
-             // remove previous scene
-             if (_currScene > 2) {
-               sceneID = (_currScene - 1) + '';
-               _pannellumViewer
-                 .removeScene(sceneID);
+             return false;
+           });
+         },
+         parentIntersectionWays: function parentIntersectionWays(resolver) {
+           return resolver["transient"](this, 'parentIntersectionWays', function () {
+             return resolver.parentWays(this).filter(function (parent) {
+               return (parent.tags.highway || parent.tags.waterway || parent.tags.railway || parent.tags.aeroway) && parent.geometry(resolver) === 'line';
+             });
+           });
+         },
+         isIntersection: function isIntersection(resolver) {
+           return this.parentIntersectionWays(resolver).length > 1;
+         },
+         isHighwayIntersection: function isHighwayIntersection(resolver) {
+           return resolver["transient"](this, 'isHighwayIntersection', function () {
+             return resolver.parentWays(this).filter(function (parent) {
+               return parent.tags.highway && parent.geometry(resolver) === 'line';
+             }).length > 1;
+           });
+         },
+         isOnAddressLine: function isOnAddressLine(resolver) {
+           return resolver["transient"](this, 'isOnAddressLine', function () {
+             return resolver.parentWays(this).filter(function (parent) {
+               return parent.tags.hasOwnProperty('addr:interpolation') && parent.geometry(resolver) === 'line';
+             }).length > 0;
+           });
+         },
+         asJXON: function asJXON(changeset_id) {
+           var r = {
+             node: {
+               '@id': this.osmId(),
+               '@lon': this.loc[0],
+               '@lat': this.loc[1],
+               '@version': this.version || 0,
+               tag: Object.keys(this.tags).map(function (k) {
+                 return {
+                   keyAttributes: {
+                     k: k,
+                     v: this.tags[k]
+                   }
+                 };
+               }, this)
              }
+           };
+           if (changeset_id) r.node['@changeset'] = changeset_id;
+           return r;
+         },
+         asGeoJSON: function asGeoJSON() {
+           return {
+             type: 'Point',
+             coordinates: this.loc
+           };
+         }
+       });
+
+       function actionCircularize(wayId, projection, maxAngle) {
+         maxAngle = (maxAngle || 20) * Math.PI / 180;
+
+         var action = function action(graph, t) {
+           if (t === null || !isFinite(t)) t = 1;
+           t = Math.min(Math.max(+t, 0), 1);
+           var way = graph.entity(wayId);
+           var origNodes = {};
+           graph.childNodes(way).forEach(function (node) {
+             if (!origNodes[node.id]) origNodes[node.id] = node;
+           });
+
+           if (!way.isConvex(graph)) {
+             graph = action.makeConvex(graph);
            }
 
-           let wrap = context.container().select('.photoviewer')
-             .classed('hide', false);
+           var nodes = utilArrayUniq(graph.childNodes(way));
+           var keyNodes = nodes.filter(function (n) {
+             return graph.parentWays(n).length !== 1;
+           });
+           var points = nodes.map(function (n) {
+             return projection(n.loc);
+           });
+           var keyPoints = keyNodes.map(function (n) {
+             return projection(n.loc);
+           });
+           var centroid = points.length === 2 ? geoVecInterp(points[0], points[1], 0.5) : d3_polygonCentroid(points);
+           var radius = d3_median(points, function (p) {
+             return geoVecLength(centroid, p);
+           });
+           var sign = d3_polygonArea(points) > 0 ? 1 : -1;
+           var ids, i, j, k; // we need at least two key nodes for the algorithm to work
+
+           if (!keyNodes.length) {
+             keyNodes = [nodes[0]];
+             keyPoints = [points[0]];
+           }
+
+           if (keyNodes.length === 1) {
+             var index = nodes.indexOf(keyNodes[0]);
+             var oppositeIndex = Math.floor((index + nodes.length / 2) % nodes.length);
+             keyNodes.push(nodes[oppositeIndex]);
+             keyPoints.push(points[oppositeIndex]);
+           } // key points and nodes are those connected to the ways,
+           // they are projected onto the circle, in between nodes are moved
+           // to constant intervals between key nodes, extra in between nodes are
+           // added if necessary.
+
+
+           for (i = 0; i < keyPoints.length; i++) {
+             var nextKeyNodeIndex = (i + 1) % keyNodes.length;
+             var startNode = keyNodes[i];
+             var endNode = keyNodes[nextKeyNodeIndex];
+             var startNodeIndex = nodes.indexOf(startNode);
+             var endNodeIndex = nodes.indexOf(endNode);
+             var numberNewPoints = -1;
+             var indexRange = endNodeIndex - startNodeIndex;
+             var nearNodes = {};
+             var inBetweenNodes = [];
+             var startAngle, endAngle, totalAngle, eachAngle;
+             var angle, loc, node, origNode;
+
+             if (indexRange < 0) {
+               indexRange += nodes.length;
+             } // position this key node
+
+
+             var distance = geoVecLength(centroid, keyPoints[i]) || 1e-4;
+             keyPoints[i] = [centroid[0] + (keyPoints[i][0] - centroid[0]) / distance * radius, centroid[1] + (keyPoints[i][1] - centroid[1]) / distance * radius];
+             loc = projection.invert(keyPoints[i]);
+             node = keyNodes[i];
+             origNode = origNodes[node.id];
+             node = node.move(geoVecInterp(origNode.loc, loc, t));
+             graph = graph.replace(node); // figure out the between delta angle we want to match to
+
+             startAngle = Math.atan2(keyPoints[i][1] - centroid[1], keyPoints[i][0] - centroid[0]);
+             endAngle = Math.atan2(keyPoints[nextKeyNodeIndex][1] - centroid[1], keyPoints[nextKeyNodeIndex][0] - centroid[0]);
+             totalAngle = endAngle - startAngle; // detects looping around -pi/pi
+
+             if (totalAngle * sign > 0) {
+               totalAngle = -sign * (2 * Math.PI - Math.abs(totalAngle));
+             }
 
-           let isHidden = wrap.selectAll('.photo-wrapper.ms-wrapper.hide').size();
+             do {
+               numberNewPoints++;
+               eachAngle = totalAngle / (indexRange + numberNewPoints);
+             } while (Math.abs(eachAngle) > maxAngle); // move existing nodes
 
-           if (isHidden) {
-             wrap
-               .selectAll('.photo-wrapper:not(.ms-wrapper)')
-               .classed('hide', true);
 
-             wrap
-               .selectAll('.photo-wrapper.ms-wrapper')
-               .classed('hide', false);
-           }
+             for (j = 1; j < indexRange; j++) {
+               angle = startAngle + j * eachAngle;
+               loc = projection.invert([centroid[0] + Math.cos(angle) * radius, centroid[1] + Math.sin(angle) * radius]);
+               node = nodes[(j + startNodeIndex) % nodes.length];
+               origNode = origNodes[node.id];
+               nearNodes[node.id] = angle;
+               node = node.move(geoVecInterp(origNode.loc, loc, t));
+               graph = graph.replace(node);
+             } // add new in between nodes if necessary
 
-           return this;
-         },
 
+             for (j = 0; j < numberNewPoints; j++) {
+               angle = startAngle + (indexRange + j) * eachAngle;
+               loc = projection.invert([centroid[0] + Math.cos(angle) * radius, centroid[1] + Math.sin(angle) * radius]); // choose a nearnode to use as the original
 
-         /**
-          * hideViewer()
-          */
-         hideViewer: function (context) {
-           let viewer = context.container().select('.photoviewer');
-           if (!viewer.empty()) viewer.datum(null);
+               var min = Infinity;
 
-           viewer
-             .classed('hide', true)
-             .selectAll('.photo-wrapper')
-             .classed('hide', true);
+               for (var nodeId in nearNodes) {
+                 var nearAngle = nearNodes[nodeId];
+                 var dist = Math.abs(nearAngle - angle);
 
-           context.container().selectAll('.viewfield-group, .sequence, .icon-sign')
-             .classed('currentView', false);
+                 if (dist < min) {
+                   min = dist;
+                   origNode = origNodes[nodeId];
+                 }
+               }
 
-           return this.setStyles(context, null, true);
-         },
+               node = osmNode({
+                 loc: geoVecInterp(origNode.loc, loc, t)
+               });
+               graph = graph.replace(node);
+               nodes.splice(endNodeIndex + j, 0, node);
+               inBetweenNodes.push(node.id);
+             } // Check for other ways that share these keyNodes..
+             // If keyNodes are adjacent in both ways,
+             // we can add inBetweenNodes to that shared way too..
 
 
-         /**
-          * selectImage().
-          */
-         selectImage: function (context, d) {
-           let that = this;
-           let viewer = context.container().select('.photoviewer');
-           if (!viewer.empty()) viewer.datum(d);
+             if (indexRange === 1 && inBetweenNodes.length) {
+               var startIndex1 = way.nodes.lastIndexOf(startNode.id);
+               var endIndex1 = way.nodes.lastIndexOf(endNode.id);
+               var wayDirection1 = endIndex1 - startIndex1;
 
-           this.setStyles(context, null, true);
+               if (wayDirection1 < -1) {
+                 wayDirection1 = 1;
+               }
 
-           let wrap = context.container().select('.photoviewer .ms-wrapper');
-           let attribution = wrap.selectAll('.photo-attribution').html('');
+               var parentWays = graph.parentWays(keyNodes[i]);
 
-           wrap.selectAll('.pnlm-load-box')   // display "loading.."
-             .style('display', 'block');
+               for (j = 0; j < parentWays.length; j++) {
+                 var sharedWay = parentWays[j];
+                 if (sharedWay === way) continue;
 
-           if (!d) {
-             return Promise.resolve({ status: 'ok' });
-           }
+                 if (sharedWay.areAdjacent(startNode.id, endNode.id)) {
+                   var startIndex2 = sharedWay.nodes.lastIndexOf(startNode.id);
+                   var endIndex2 = sharedWay.nodes.lastIndexOf(endNode.id);
+                   var wayDirection2 = endIndex2 - startIndex2;
+                   var insertAt = endIndex2;
+
+                   if (wayDirection2 < -1) {
+                     wayDirection2 = 1;
+                   }
+
+                   if (wayDirection1 !== wayDirection2) {
+                     inBetweenNodes.reverse();
+                     insertAt = startIndex2;
+                   }
+
+                   for (k = 0; k < inBetweenNodes.length; k++) {
+                     sharedWay = sharedWay.addNode(inBetweenNodes[k], insertAt + k);
+                   }
 
-           let line1 = attribution
-             .append('div')
-             .attr('class', 'attribution-row');
+                   graph = graph.replace(sharedWay);
+                 }
+               }
+             }
+           } // update the way to have all the new nodes
 
-           const hiresDomId = utilUniqueDomId('streetside-hires');
 
-           // Add hires checkbox
-           let label = line1
-             .append('label')
-             .attr('for', hiresDomId)
-             .attr('class', 'streetside-hires');
+           ids = nodes.map(function (n) {
+             return n.id;
+           });
+           ids.push(ids[0]);
+           way = way.update({
+             nodes: ids
+           });
+           graph = graph.replace(way);
+           return graph;
+         };
 
-           label
-             .append('input')
-             .attr('type', 'checkbox')
-             .attr('id', hiresDomId)
-             .property('checked', _hires)
-             .on('click', () => {
-               event.stopPropagation();
+         action.makeConvex = function (graph) {
+           var way = graph.entity(wayId);
+           var nodes = utilArrayUniq(graph.childNodes(way));
+           var points = nodes.map(function (n) {
+             return projection(n.loc);
+           });
+           var sign = d3_polygonArea(points) > 0 ? 1 : -1;
+           var hull = d3_polygonHull(points);
+           var i, j; // D3 convex hulls go counterclockwise..
 
-               _hires = !_hires;
-               _resolution = _hires ? 1024 : 512;
-               wrap.call(setupCanvas, true);
+           if (sign === -1) {
+             nodes.reverse();
+             points.reverse();
+           }
 
-               let viewstate = {
-                 yaw: _pannellumViewer.getYaw(),
-                 pitch: _pannellumViewer.getPitch(),
-                 hfov: _pannellumViewer.getHfov()
-               };
+           for (i = 0; i < hull.length - 1; i++) {
+             var startIndex = points.indexOf(hull[i]);
+             var endIndex = points.indexOf(hull[i + 1]);
+             var indexRange = endIndex - startIndex;
 
-               that.selectImage(context, d)
-                 .then(response => {
-                   if (response.status === 'ok') {
-                     _sceneOptions = Object.assign(_sceneOptions, viewstate);
-                     that.showViewer(context);
-                   }
-                 });
-             });
+             if (indexRange < 0) {
+               indexRange += nodes.length;
+             } // move interior nodes to the surface of the convex hull..
 
-           label
-             .append('span')
-             .text(_t('streetside.hires'));
 
+             for (j = 1; j < indexRange; j++) {
+               var point = geoVecInterp(hull[i], hull[i + 1], j / indexRange);
+               var node = nodes[(j + startIndex) % nodes.length].move(projection.invert(point));
+               graph = graph.replace(node);
+             }
+           }
 
-           let captureInfo = line1
-             .append('div')
-             .attr('class', 'attribution-capture-info');
+           return graph;
+         };
 
-           // Add capture date
-           if (d.captured_by) {
-             const yyyy = (new Date()).getFullYear();
+         action.disabled = function (graph) {
+           if (!graph.entity(wayId).isClosed()) {
+             return 'not_closed';
+           } //disable when already circular
 
-             captureInfo
-               .append('a')
-               .attr('class', 'captured_by')
-               .attr('target', '_blank')
-               .attr('href', 'https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/maps/streetside')
-               .text('©' + yyyy + ' Microsoft');
 
-             captureInfo
-               .append('span')
-               .text('|');
-           }
+           var way = graph.entity(wayId);
+           var nodes = utilArrayUniq(graph.childNodes(way));
+           var points = nodes.map(function (n) {
+             return projection(n.loc);
+           });
+           var hull = d3_polygonHull(points);
+           var epsilonAngle = Math.PI / 180;
 
-           if (d.captured_at) {
-             captureInfo
-               .append('span')
-               .attr('class', 'captured_at')
-               .text(localeTimestamp(d.captured_at));
-           }
-
-           // Add image links
-           let line2 = attribution
-             .append('div')
-             .attr('class', 'attribution-row');
-
-           line2
-             .append('a')
-             .attr('class', 'image-view-link')
-             .attr('target', '_blank')
-             .attr('href', 'https://www.bing.com/maps?cp=' + d.loc[1] + '~' + d.loc[0] +
-               '&lvl=17&dir=' + d.ca + '&style=x&v=2&sV=1')
-             .text(_t('streetside.view_on_bing'));
-
-           line2
-             .append('a')
-             .attr('class', 'image-report-link')
-             .attr('target', '_blank')
-             .attr('href', 'https://www.bing.com/maps/privacyreport/streetsideprivacyreport?bubbleid=' +
-               encodeURIComponent(d.key) + '&focus=photo&lat=' + d.loc[1] + '&lng=' + d.loc[0] + '&z=17')
-             .text(_t('streetside.report'));
-
-
-           let bubbleIdQuadKey = d.key.toString(4);
-           const paddingNeeded = 16 - bubbleIdQuadKey.length;
-           for (let i = 0; i < paddingNeeded; i++) {
-             bubbleIdQuadKey = '0' + bubbleIdQuadKey;
+           if (hull.length !== points.length || hull.length < 3) {
+             return false;
            }
-           const imgUrlPrefix = streetsideImagesApi + 'hs' + bubbleIdQuadKey;
-           const imgUrlSuffix = '.jpg?g=6338&n=z';
 
-           // Cubemap face code order matters here: front=01, right=02, back=03, left=10, up=11, down=12
-           const faceKeys = ['01','02','03','10','11','12'];
+           var centroid = d3_polygonCentroid(points);
+           var radius = geoVecLengthSquare(centroid, points[0]);
+           var i, actualPoint; // compare distances between centroid and points
 
-           // Map images to cube faces
-           let quadKeys = getQuadKeys();
-           let faces = faceKeys.map((faceKey) => {
-             return quadKeys.map((quadKey) =>{
-               const xy = qkToXY(quadKey);
-               return {
-                 face: faceKey,
-                 url: imgUrlPrefix + faceKey + quadKey + imgUrlSuffix,
-                 x: xy[0],
-                 y: xy[1]
-               };
-             });
-           });
+           for (i = 0; i < hull.length; i++) {
+             actualPoint = hull[i];
+             var actualDist = geoVecLengthSquare(actualPoint, centroid);
+             var diff = Math.abs(actualDist - radius); //compare distances with epsilon-error (5%)
 
-           return loadFaces(faces)
-             .then(() => {
-               _sceneOptions = {
-                 showFullscreenCtrl: false,
-                 autoLoad: true,
-                 compass: true,
-                 northOffset: d.ca,
-                 yaw: 0,
-                 minHfov: minHfov,
-                 maxHfov: maxHfov,
-                 hfov: defaultHfov,
-                 type: 'cubemap',
-                 cubeMap: [
-                   _dataUrlArray[0],
-                   _dataUrlArray[1],
-                   _dataUrlArray[2],
-                   _dataUrlArray[3],
-                   _dataUrlArray[4],
-                   _dataUrlArray[5]
-                 ]
-               };
-               return { status: 'ok' };
-             });
-         },
+             if (diff > 0.05 * radius) {
+               return false;
+             }
+           } //check if central angles are smaller than maxAngle
 
 
-         getSequenceKeyForBubble: function(d) {
-           return d && d.sequenceKey;
-         },
+           for (i = 0; i < hull.length; i++) {
+             actualPoint = hull[i];
+             var nextPoint = hull[(i + 1) % hull.length];
+             var startAngle = Math.atan2(actualPoint[1] - centroid[1], actualPoint[0] - centroid[0]);
+             var endAngle = Math.atan2(nextPoint[1] - centroid[1], nextPoint[0] - centroid[0]);
+             var angle = endAngle - startAngle;
 
+             if (angle < 0) {
+               angle = -angle;
+             }
 
-         // Updates the currently highlighted sequence and selected bubble.
-         // Reset is only necessary when interacting with the viewport because
-         // this implicitly changes the currently selected bubble/sequence
-         setStyles: function (context, hovered, reset) {
-           if (reset) {  // reset all layers
-             context.container().selectAll('.viewfield-group')
-               .classed('highlighted', false)
-               .classed('hovered', false)
-               .classed('currentView', false);
-
-             context.container().selectAll('.sequence')
-               .classed('highlighted', false)
-               .classed('currentView', false);
-           }
-
-           let hoveredBubbleKey = hovered && hovered.key;
-           let hoveredSequenceKey = this.getSequenceKeyForBubble(hovered);
-           let hoveredSequence = hoveredSequenceKey && _ssCache.sequences[hoveredSequenceKey];
-           let hoveredBubbleKeys =  (hoveredSequence && hoveredSequence.bubbles.map(d => d.key)) || [];
-
-           let viewer = context.container().select('.photoviewer');
-           let selected = viewer.empty() ? undefined : viewer.datum();
-           let selectedBubbleKey = selected && selected.key;
-           let selectedSequenceKey = this.getSequenceKeyForBubble(selected);
-           let selectedSequence = selectedSequenceKey && _ssCache.sequences[selectedSequenceKey];
-           let selectedBubbleKeys = (selectedSequence && selectedSequence.bubbles.map(d => d.key)) || [];
-
-           // highlight sibling viewfields on either the selected or the hovered sequences
-           let highlightedBubbleKeys = utilArrayUnion(hoveredBubbleKeys, selectedBubbleKeys);
-
-           context.container().selectAll('.layer-streetside-images .viewfield-group')
-             .classed('highlighted', d => highlightedBubbleKeys.indexOf(d.key) !== -1)
-             .classed('hovered',     d => d.key === hoveredBubbleKey)
-             .classed('currentView', d => d.key === selectedBubbleKey);
-
-           context.container().selectAll('.layer-streetside-images .sequence')
-             .classed('highlighted', d => d.properties.key === hoveredSequenceKey)
-             .classed('currentView', d => d.properties.key === selectedSequenceKey);
-
-           // update viewfields if needed
-           context.container().selectAll('.viewfield-group .viewfield')
-             .attr('d', viewfieldPath);
+             if (angle > Math.PI) {
+               angle = 2 * Math.PI - angle;
+             }
 
-           function viewfieldPath() {
-             let d = this.parentNode.__data__;
-             if (d.pano && d.key !== selectedBubbleKey) {
-               return 'M 8,13 m -10,0 a 10,10 0 1,0 20,0 a 10,10 0 1,0 -20,0';
-             } else {
-               return 'M 6,9 C 8,8.4 8,8.4 10,9 L 16,-2 C 12,-5 4,-5 0,-2 z';
+             if (angle > maxAngle + epsilonAngle) {
+               return false;
              }
            }
 
-           return this;
-         },
-
+           return 'already_circular';
+         };
 
-         /**
-          * cache().
-          */
-         cache: function () {
-           return _ssCache;
-         }
-       };
+         action.transitionable = true;
+         return action;
+       }
 
-       var apibase$4 = 'https://taginfo.openstreetmap.org/api/4/';
-       var _inflight$2 = {};
-       var _popularKeys = {};
-       var _taginfoCache = {};
+       function actionDeleteWay(wayID) {
+         function canDeleteNode(node, graph) {
+           // don't delete nodes still attached to ways or relations
+           if (graph.parentWays(node).length || graph.parentRelations(node).length) return false;
+           var geometries = osmNodeGeometriesForTags(node.tags); // don't delete if this node can be a standalone point
 
-       var tag_sorts = {
-           point: 'count_nodes',
-           vertex: 'count_nodes',
-           area: 'count_ways',
-           line: 'count_ways'
-       };
-       var tag_sort_members = {
-           point: 'count_node_members',
-           vertex: 'count_node_members',
-           area: 'count_way_members',
-           line: 'count_way_members',
-           relation: 'count_relation_members'
-       };
-       var tag_filters = {
-           point: 'nodes',
-           vertex: 'nodes',
-           area: 'ways',
-           line: 'ways'
-       };
-       var tag_members_fractions = {
-           point: 'count_node_members_fraction',
-           vertex: 'count_node_members_fraction',
-           area: 'count_way_members_fraction',
-           line: 'count_way_members_fraction',
-           relation: 'count_relation_members_fraction'
-       };
+           if (geometries.point) return false; // delete if this node only be a vertex
 
+           if (geometries.vertex) return true; // iD doesn't know if this should be a point or vertex,
+           // so only delete if there are no interesting tags
 
-       function sets(params, n, o) {
-           if (params.geometry && o[params.geometry]) {
-               params[n] = o[params.geometry];
-           }
-           return params;
-       }
+           return !node.hasInterestingTags();
+         }
 
+         var action = function action(graph) {
+           var way = graph.entity(wayID);
+           graph.parentRelations(way).forEach(function (parent) {
+             parent = parent.removeMembersWithID(wayID);
+             graph = graph.replace(parent);
 
-       function setFilter(params) {
-           return sets(params, 'filter', tag_filters);
-       }
+             if (parent.isDegenerate()) {
+               graph = actionDeleteRelation(parent.id)(graph);
+             }
+           });
+           new Set(way.nodes).forEach(function (nodeID) {
+             graph = graph.replace(way.removeNode(nodeID));
+             var node = graph.entity(nodeID);
 
+             if (canDeleteNode(node, graph)) {
+               graph = graph.remove(node);
+             }
+           });
+           return graph.remove(way);
+         };
 
-       function setSort(params) {
-           return sets(params, 'sortname', tag_sorts);
+         return action;
        }
 
+       function actionDeleteMultiple(ids) {
+         var actions = {
+           way: actionDeleteWay,
+           node: actionDeleteNode,
+           relation: actionDeleteRelation
+         };
 
-       function setSortMembers(params) {
-           return sets(params, 'sortname', tag_sort_members);
+         var action = function action(graph) {
+           ids.forEach(function (id) {
+             if (graph.hasEntity(id)) {
+               // It may have been deleted already.
+               graph = actions[graph.entity(id).type](id)(graph);
+             }
+           });
+           return graph;
+         };
+
+         return action;
        }
 
+       function actionDeleteRelation(relationID, allowUntaggedMembers) {
+         function canDeleteEntity(entity, graph) {
+           return !graph.parentWays(entity).length && !graph.parentRelations(entity).length && !entity.hasInterestingTags() && !allowUntaggedMembers;
+         }
+
+         var action = function action(graph) {
+           var relation = graph.entity(relationID);
+           graph.parentRelations(relation).forEach(function (parent) {
+             parent = parent.removeMembersWithID(relationID);
+             graph = graph.replace(parent);
 
-       function clean(params) {
-           return utilObjectOmit(params, ['geometry', 'debounce']);
-       }
+             if (parent.isDegenerate()) {
+               graph = actionDeleteRelation(parent.id)(graph);
+             }
+           });
+           var memberIDs = utilArrayUniq(relation.members.map(function (m) {
+             return m.id;
+           }));
+           memberIDs.forEach(function (memberID) {
+             graph = graph.replace(relation.removeMembersWithID(memberID));
+             var entity = graph.entity(memberID);
 
+             if (canDeleteEntity(entity, graph)) {
+               graph = actionDeleteMultiple([memberID])(graph);
+             }
+           });
+           return graph.remove(relation);
+         };
 
-       function filterKeys(type) {
-           var count_type = type ? 'count_' + type : 'count_all';
-           return function(d) {
-               return parseFloat(d[count_type]) > 2500 || d.in_wiki;
-           };
+         return action;
        }
 
+       function actionDeleteNode(nodeId) {
+         var action = function action(graph) {
+           var node = graph.entity(nodeId);
+           graph.parentWays(node).forEach(function (parent) {
+             parent = parent.removeNode(nodeId);
+             graph = graph.replace(parent);
 
-       function filterMultikeys(prefix) {
-           return function(d) {
-               // d.key begins with prefix, and d.key contains no additional ':'s
-               var re = new RegExp('^' + prefix + '(.*)$');
-               var matches = d.key.match(re) || [];
-               return (matches.length === 2 && matches[1].indexOf(':') === -1);
-           };
-       }
+             if (parent.isDegenerate()) {
+               graph = actionDeleteWay(parent.id)(graph);
+             }
+           });
+           graph.parentRelations(node).forEach(function (parent) {
+             parent = parent.removeMembersWithID(nodeId);
+             graph = graph.replace(parent);
 
+             if (parent.isDegenerate()) {
+               graph = actionDeleteRelation(parent.id)(graph);
+             }
+           });
+           return graph.remove(node);
+         };
 
-       function filterValues(allowUpperCase) {
-           return function(d) {
-               if (d.value.match(/[;,]/) !== null) return false;  // exclude some punctuation
-               if (!allowUpperCase && d.value.match(/[A-Z*]/) !== null) return false;  // exclude uppercase letters
-               return parseFloat(d.fraction) > 0.0;
-           };
+         return action;
        }
 
+       //
+       // First choose a node to be the survivor, with preference given
+       // to an existing (not new) node.
+       //
+       // Tags and relation memberships of of non-surviving nodes are merged
+       // to the survivor.
+       //
+       // This is the inverse of `iD.actionDisconnect`.
+       //
+       // Reference:
+       //   https://github.com/openstreetmap/potlatch2/blob/master/net/systemeD/halcyon/connection/actions/MergeNodesAction.as
+       //   https://github.com/openstreetmap/josm/blob/mirror/src/org/openstreetmap/josm/actions/MergeNodesAction.java
+       //
 
-       function filterRoles(geometry) {
-           return function(d) {
-               if (d.role === '') return false; // exclude empty role
-               if (d.role.match(/[A-Z*;,]/) !== null) return false;  // exclude uppercase letters and some punctuation
-               return parseFloat(d[tag_members_fractions[geometry]]) > 0.0;
-           };
-       }
+       function actionConnect(nodeIDs) {
+         var action = function action(graph) {
+           var survivor;
+           var node;
+           var parents;
+           var i, j; // Choose a survivor node, prefer an existing (not new) node - #4974
 
+           for (i = 0; i < nodeIDs.length; i++) {
+             survivor = graph.entity(nodeIDs[i]);
+             if (survivor.version) break; // found one
+           } // Replace all non-surviving nodes with the survivor and merge tags.
 
-       function valKey(d) {
-           return {
-               value: d.key,
-               title: d.key
-           };
-       }
 
+           for (i = 0; i < nodeIDs.length; i++) {
+             node = graph.entity(nodeIDs[i]);
+             if (node.id === survivor.id) continue;
+             parents = graph.parentWays(node);
 
-       function valKeyDescription(d) {
-           var obj = {
-               value: d.value,
-               title: d.description || d.value
-           };
-           if (d.count) {
-               obj.count = d.count;
-           }
-           return obj;
-       }
+             for (j = 0; j < parents.length; j++) {
+               graph = graph.replace(parents[j].replaceNode(node.id, survivor.id));
+             }
 
+             parents = graph.parentRelations(node);
 
-       function roleKey(d) {
-           return {
-               value: d.role,
-               title: d.role
-           };
-       }
+             for (j = 0; j < parents.length; j++) {
+               graph = graph.replace(parents[j].replaceMember(node, survivor));
+             }
 
+             survivor = survivor.mergeTags(node.tags);
+             graph = actionDeleteNode(node.id)(graph);
+           }
 
-       // sort keys with ':' lower than keys without ':'
-       function sortKeys(a, b) {
-           return (a.key.indexOf(':') === -1 && b.key.indexOf(':') !== -1) ? -1
-               : (a.key.indexOf(':') !== -1 && b.key.indexOf(':') === -1) ? 1
-               : 0;
-       }
+           graph = graph.replace(survivor); // find and delete any degenerate ways created by connecting adjacent vertices
 
+           parents = graph.parentWays(survivor);
 
-       var debouncedRequest$1 = debounce(request$1, 300, { leading: false });
+           for (i = 0; i < parents.length; i++) {
+             if (parents[i].isDegenerate()) {
+               graph = actionDeleteWay(parents[i].id)(graph);
+             }
+           }
 
-       function request$1(url, params, exactMatch, callback, loaded) {
-           if (_inflight$2[url]) return;
+           return graph;
+         };
 
-           if (checkCache(url, params, exactMatch, callback)) return;
+         action.disabled = function (graph) {
+           var seen = {};
+           var restrictionIDs = [];
+           var survivor;
+           var node, way;
+           var relations, relation, role;
+           var i, j, k; // Choose a survivor node, prefer an existing (not new) node - #4974
 
-           var controller = new AbortController();
-           _inflight$2[url] = controller;
+           for (i = 0; i < nodeIDs.length; i++) {
+             survivor = graph.entity(nodeIDs[i]);
+             if (survivor.version) break; // found one
+           } // 1. disable if the nodes being connected have conflicting relation roles
 
-           d3_json(url, { signal: controller.signal })
-               .then(function(result) {
-                   delete _inflight$2[url];
-                   if (loaded) loaded(null, result);
-               })
-               .catch(function(err) {
-                   delete _inflight$2[url];
-                   if (err.name === 'AbortError') return;
-                   if (loaded) loaded(err.message);
-               });
-       }
 
+           for (i = 0; i < nodeIDs.length; i++) {
+             node = graph.entity(nodeIDs[i]);
+             relations = graph.parentRelations(node);
 
-       function checkCache(url, params, exactMatch, callback) {
-           var rp = params.rp || 25;
-           var testQuery = params.query || '';
-           var testUrl = url;
+             for (j = 0; j < relations.length; j++) {
+               relation = relations[j];
+               role = relation.memberById(node.id).role || ''; // if this node is a via node in a restriction, remember for later
 
-           do {
-               var hit = _taginfoCache[testUrl];
+               if (relation.hasFromViaTo()) {
+                 restrictionIDs.push(relation.id);
+               }
 
-               // exact match, or shorter match yielding fewer than max results (rp)
-               if (hit && (url === testUrl || hit.length < rp)) {
-                   callback(null, hit);
-                   return true;
+               if (seen[relation.id] !== undefined && seen[relation.id] !== role) {
+                 return 'relation';
+               } else {
+                 seen[relation.id] = role;
                }
+             }
+           } // gather restrictions for parent ways
 
-               // don't try to shorten the query
-               if (exactMatch || !testQuery.length) return false;
 
-               // do shorten the query to see if we already have a cached result
-               // that has returned fewer than max results (rp)
-               testQuery = testQuery.slice(0, -1);
-               testUrl = url.replace(/&query=(.*?)&/, '&query=' + testQuery + '&');
-           } while (testQuery.length >= 0);
+           for (i = 0; i < nodeIDs.length; i++) {
+             node = graph.entity(nodeIDs[i]);
+             var parents = graph.parentWays(node);
 
-           return false;
-       }
+             for (j = 0; j < parents.length; j++) {
+               var parent = parents[j];
+               relations = graph.parentRelations(parent);
 
+               for (k = 0; k < relations.length; k++) {
+                 relation = relations[k];
 
-       var serviceTaginfo = {
+                 if (relation.hasFromViaTo()) {
+                   restrictionIDs.push(relation.id);
+                 }
+               }
+             }
+           } // test restrictions
 
-           init: function() {
-               _inflight$2 = {};
-               _taginfoCache = {};
-               _popularKeys = {
-                   // manually exclude some keys – #5377, #7485
-                   postal_code: true,
-                   full_name: true,
-                   loc_name: true,
-                   reg_name: true,
-                   short_name: true,
-                   sorting_name: true,
-                   artist_name: true,
-                   nat_name: true,
-                   long_name: true,
-                   'bridge:name': true
-               };
 
-               // Fetch popular keys.  We'll exclude these from `values`
-               // lookups because they stress taginfo, and they aren't likely
-               // to yield meaningful autocomplete results.. see #3955
-               var params = {
-                   rp: 100,
-                   sortname: 'values_all',
-                   sortorder: 'desc',
-                   page: 1,
-                   debounce: false,
-                   lang: _mainLocalizer.languageCode()
-               };
-               this.keys(params, function(err, data) {
-                   if (err) return;
-                   data.forEach(function(d) {
-                       if (d.value === 'opening_hours') return;  // exception
-                       _popularKeys[d.value] = true;
-                   });
-               });
-           },
+           restrictionIDs = utilArrayUniq(restrictionIDs);
 
+           for (i = 0; i < restrictionIDs.length; i++) {
+             relation = graph.entity(restrictionIDs[i]);
+             if (!relation.isComplete(graph)) continue;
+             var memberWays = relation.members.filter(function (m) {
+               return m.type === 'way';
+             }).map(function (m) {
+               return graph.entity(m.id);
+             });
+             memberWays = utilArrayUniq(memberWays);
+             var f = relation.memberByRole('from');
+             var t = relation.memberByRole('to');
+             var isUturn = f.id === t.id; // 2a. disable if connection would damage a restriction
+             // (a key node is a node at the junction of ways)
+
+             var nodes = {
+               from: [],
+               via: [],
+               to: [],
+               keyfrom: [],
+               keyto: []
+             };
 
-           reset: function() {
-               Object.values(_inflight$2).forEach(function(controller) { controller.abort(); });
-               _inflight$2 = {};
-           },
+             for (j = 0; j < relation.members.length; j++) {
+               collectNodes(relation.members[j], nodes);
+             }
 
+             nodes.keyfrom = utilArrayUniq(nodes.keyfrom.filter(hasDuplicates));
+             nodes.keyto = utilArrayUniq(nodes.keyto.filter(hasDuplicates));
+             var filter = keyNodeFilter(nodes.keyfrom, nodes.keyto);
+             nodes.from = nodes.from.filter(filter);
+             nodes.via = nodes.via.filter(filter);
+             nodes.to = nodes.to.filter(filter);
+             var connectFrom = false;
+             var connectVia = false;
+             var connectTo = false;
+             var connectKeyFrom = false;
+             var connectKeyTo = false;
 
-           keys: function(params, callback) {
-               var doRequest = params.debounce ? debouncedRequest$1 : request$1;
-               params = clean(setSort(params));
-               params = Object.assign({
-                   rp: 10,
-                   sortname: 'count_all',
-                   sortorder: 'desc',
-                   page: 1,
-                   lang: _mainLocalizer.languageCode()
-               }, params);
+             for (j = 0; j < nodeIDs.length; j++) {
+               var n = nodeIDs[j];
 
-               var url = apibase$4 + 'keys/all?' + utilQsString(params);
-               doRequest(url, params, false, callback, function(err, d) {
-                   if (err) {
-                       callback(err);
-                   } else {
-                       var f = filterKeys(params.filter);
-                       var result = d.data.filter(f).sort(sortKeys).map(valKey);
-                       _taginfoCache[url] = result;
-                       callback(null, result);
-                   }
-               });
-           },
+               if (nodes.from.indexOf(n) !== -1) {
+                 connectFrom = true;
+               }
 
+               if (nodes.via.indexOf(n) !== -1) {
+                 connectVia = true;
+               }
 
-           multikeys: function(params, callback) {
-               var doRequest = params.debounce ? debouncedRequest$1 : request$1;
-               params = clean(setSort(params));
-               params = Object.assign({
-                   rp: 25,
-                   sortname: 'count_all',
-                   sortorder: 'desc',
-                   page: 1,
-                   lang: _mainLocalizer.languageCode()
-               }, params);
-
-               var prefix = params.query;
-               var url = apibase$4 + 'keys/all?' + utilQsString(params);
-               doRequest(url, params, true, callback, function(err, d) {
-                   if (err) {
-                       callback(err);
-                   } else {
-                       var f = filterMultikeys(prefix);
-                       var result = d.data.filter(f).map(valKey);
-                       _taginfoCache[url] = result;
-                       callback(null, result);
-                   }
-               });
-           },
+               if (nodes.to.indexOf(n) !== -1) {
+                 connectTo = true;
+               }
 
+               if (nodes.keyfrom.indexOf(n) !== -1) {
+                 connectKeyFrom = true;
+               }
 
-           values: function(params, callback) {
-               // Exclude popular keys from values lookups.. see #3955
-               var key = params.key;
-               if (key && _popularKeys[key]) {
-                   callback(null, []);
-                   return;
+               if (nodes.keyto.indexOf(n) !== -1) {
+                 connectKeyTo = true;
                }
+             }
 
-               var doRequest = params.debounce ? debouncedRequest$1 : request$1;
-               params = clean(setSort(setFilter(params)));
-               params = Object.assign({
-                   rp: 25,
-                   sortname: 'count_all',
-                   sortorder: 'desc',
-                   page: 1,
-                   lang: _mainLocalizer.languageCode()
-               }, params);
+             if (connectFrom && connectTo && !isUturn) {
+               return 'restriction';
+             }
 
-               var url = apibase$4 + 'key/values?' + utilQsString(params);
-               doRequest(url, params, false, callback, function(err, d) {
-                   if (err) {
-                       callback(err);
-                   } else {
-                       // In most cases we prefer taginfo value results with lowercase letters.
-                       // A few OSM keys expect values to contain uppercase values (see #3377).
-                       // This is not an exhaustive list (e.g. `name` also has uppercase values)
-                       // but these are the fields where taginfo value lookup is most useful.
-                       var re = /network|taxon|genus|species|brand|grape_variety|royal_cypher|listed_status|booth|rating|stars|:output|_hours|_times|_ref|manufacturer|country|target|brewery/;
-                       var allowUpperCase = re.test(params.key);
-                       var f = filterValues(allowUpperCase);
-
-                       var result = d.data.filter(f).map(valKeyDescription);
-                       _taginfoCache[url] = result;
-                       callback(null, result);
-                   }
-               });
-           },
+             if (connectFrom && connectVia) {
+               return 'restriction';
+             }
 
+             if (connectTo && connectVia) {
+               return 'restriction';
+             } // connecting to a key node -
+             // if both nodes are on a member way (i.e. part of the turn restriction),
+             // the connecting node must be adjacent to the key node.
 
-           roles: function(params, callback) {
-               var doRequest = params.debounce ? debouncedRequest$1 : request$1;
-               var geometry = params.geometry;
-               params = clean(setSortMembers(params));
-               params = Object.assign({
-                   rp: 25,
-                   sortname: 'count_all_members',
-                   sortorder: 'desc',
-                   page: 1,
-                   lang: _mainLocalizer.languageCode()
-               }, params);
-
-               var url = apibase$4 + 'relation/roles?' + utilQsString(params);
-               doRequest(url, params, true, callback, function(err, d) {
-                   if (err) {
-                       callback(err);
-                   } else {
-                       var f = filterRoles(geometry);
-                       var result = d.data.filter(f).map(roleKey);
-                       _taginfoCache[url] = result;
-                       callback(null, result);
-                   }
-               });
-           },
 
+             if (connectKeyFrom || connectKeyTo) {
+               if (nodeIDs.length !== 2) {
+                 return 'restriction';
+               }
 
-           docs: function(params, callback) {
-               var doRequest = params.debounce ? debouncedRequest$1 : request$1;
-               params = clean(setSort(params));
+               var n0 = null;
+               var n1 = null;
 
-               var path = 'key/wiki_pages?';
-               if (params.value) {
-                   path = 'tag/wiki_pages?';
-               } else if (params.rtype) {
-                   path = 'relation/wiki_pages?';
-               }
+               for (j = 0; j < memberWays.length; j++) {
+                 way = memberWays[j];
 
-               var url = apibase$4 + path + utilQsString(params);
-               doRequest(url, params, true, callback, function(err, d) {
-                   if (err) {
-                       callback(err);
-                   } else {
-                       _taginfoCache[url] = d.data;
-                       callback(null, d.data);
-                   }
-               });
-           },
+                 if (way.contains(nodeIDs[0])) {
+                   n0 = nodeIDs[0];
+                 }
 
+                 if (way.contains(nodeIDs[1])) {
+                   n1 = nodeIDs[1];
+                 }
+               }
 
-           apibase: function(_) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return apibase$4;
-               apibase$4 = _;
-               return this;
-           }
+               if (n0 && n1) {
+                 // both nodes are part of the restriction
+                 var ok = false;
 
-       };
+                 for (j = 0; j < memberWays.length; j++) {
+                   way = memberWays[j];
 
-       var helpers$1 = createCommonjsModule(function (module, exports) {
-       Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
-       /**
-        * @module helpers
-        */
-       /**
-        * Earth Radius used with the Harvesine formula and approximates using a spherical (non-ellipsoid) Earth.
-        *
-        * @memberof helpers
-        * @type {number}
-        */
-       exports.earthRadius = 6371008.8;
-       /**
-        * Unit of measurement factors using a spherical (non-ellipsoid) earth radius.
-        *
-        * @memberof helpers
-        * @type {Object}
-        */
-       exports.factors = {
-           centimeters: exports.earthRadius * 100,
-           centimetres: exports.earthRadius * 100,
-           degrees: exports.earthRadius / 111325,
-           feet: exports.earthRadius * 3.28084,
-           inches: exports.earthRadius * 39.370,
-           kilometers: exports.earthRadius / 1000,
-           kilometres: exports.earthRadius / 1000,
-           meters: exports.earthRadius,
-           metres: exports.earthRadius,
-           miles: exports.earthRadius / 1609.344,
-           millimeters: exports.earthRadius * 1000,
-           millimetres: exports.earthRadius * 1000,
-           nauticalmiles: exports.earthRadius / 1852,
-           radians: 1,
-           yards: exports.earthRadius / 1.0936,
-       };
-       /**
-        * Units of measurement factors based on 1 meter.
-        *
-        * @memberof helpers
-        * @type {Object}
-        */
-       exports.unitsFactors = {
-           centimeters: 100,
-           centimetres: 100,
-           degrees: 1 / 111325,
-           feet: 3.28084,
-           inches: 39.370,
-           kilometers: 1 / 1000,
-           kilometres: 1 / 1000,
-           meters: 1,
-           metres: 1,
-           miles: 1 / 1609.344,
-           millimeters: 1000,
-           millimetres: 1000,
-           nauticalmiles: 1 / 1852,
-           radians: 1 / exports.earthRadius,
-           yards: 1 / 1.0936,
-       };
-       /**
-        * Area of measurement factors based on 1 square meter.
-        *
-        * @memberof helpers
-        * @type {Object}
-        */
-       exports.areaFactors = {
-           acres: 0.000247105,
-           centimeters: 10000,
-           centimetres: 10000,
-           feet: 10.763910417,
-           inches: 1550.003100006,
-           kilometers: 0.000001,
-           kilometres: 0.000001,
-           meters: 1,
-           metres: 1,
-           miles: 3.86e-7,
-           millimeters: 1000000,
-           millimetres: 1000000,
-           yards: 1.195990046,
-       };
-       /**
-        * Wraps a GeoJSON {@link Geometry} in a GeoJSON {@link Feature}.
-        *
-        * @name feature
-        * @param {Geometry} geometry input geometry
-        * @param {Object} [properties={}] an Object of key-value pairs to add as properties
-        * @param {Object} [options={}] Optional Parameters
-        * @param {Array<number>} [options.bbox] Bounding Box Array [west, south, east, north] associated with the Feature
-        * @param {string|number} [options.id] Identifier associated with the Feature
-        * @returns {Feature} a GeoJSON Feature
-        * @example
-        * var geometry = {
-        *   "type": "Point",
-        *   "coordinates": [110, 50]
-        * };
-        *
-        * var feature = turf.feature(geometry);
-        *
-        * //=feature
-        */
-       function feature(geom, properties, options) {
-           if (options === void 0) { options = {}; }
-           var feat = { type: "Feature" };
-           if (options.id === 0 || options.id) {
-               feat.id = options.id;
-           }
-           if (options.bbox) {
-               feat.bbox = options.bbox;
-           }
-           feat.properties = properties || {};
-           feat.geometry = geom;
-           return feat;
-       }
-       exports.feature = feature;
-       /**
-        * Creates a GeoJSON {@link Geometry} from a Geometry string type & coordinates.
-        * For GeometryCollection type use `helpers.geometryCollection`
-        *
-        * @name geometry
-        * @param {string} type Geometry Type
-        * @param {Array<any>} coordinates Coordinates
-        * @param {Object} [options={}] Optional Parameters
-        * @returns {Geometry} a GeoJSON Geometry
-        * @example
-        * var type = "Point";
-        * var coordinates = [110, 50];
-        * var geometry = turf.geometry(type, coordinates);
-        * // => geometry
-        */
-       function geometry(type, coordinates, options) {
-           switch (type) {
-               case "Point": return point(coordinates).geometry;
-               case "LineString": return lineString(coordinates).geometry;
-               case "Polygon": return polygon(coordinates).geometry;
-               case "MultiPoint": return multiPoint(coordinates).geometry;
-               case "MultiLineString": return multiLineString(coordinates).geometry;
-               case "MultiPolygon": return multiPolygon(coordinates).geometry;
-               default: throw new Error(type + " is invalid");
-           }
-       }
-       exports.geometry = geometry;
-       /**
-        * Creates a {@link Point} {@link Feature} from a Position.
-        *
-        * @name point
-        * @param {Array<number>} coordinates longitude, latitude position (each in decimal degrees)
-        * @param {Object} [properties={}] an Object of key-value pairs to add as properties
-        * @param {Object} [options={}] Optional Parameters
-        * @param {Array<number>} [options.bbox] Bounding Box Array [west, south, east, north] associated with the Feature
-        * @param {string|number} [options.id] Identifier associated with the Feature
-        * @returns {Feature<Point>} a Point feature
-        * @example
-        * var point = turf.point([-75.343, 39.984]);
-        *
-        * //=point
-        */
-       function point(coordinates, properties, options) {
-           if (options === void 0) { options = {}; }
-           var geom = {
-               type: "Point",
-               coordinates: coordinates,
-           };
-           return feature(geom, properties, options);
-       }
-       exports.point = point;
-       /**
-        * Creates a {@link Point} {@link FeatureCollection} from an Array of Point coordinates.
-        *
-        * @name points
-        * @param {Array<Array<number>>} coordinates an array of Points
-        * @param {Object} [properties={}] Translate these properties to each Feature
-        * @param {Object} [options={}] Optional Parameters
-        * @param {Array<number>} [options.bbox] Bounding Box Array [west, south, east, north]
-        * associated with the FeatureCollection
-        * @param {string|number} [options.id] Identifier associated with the FeatureCollection
-        * @returns {FeatureCollection<Point>} Point Feature
-        * @example
-        * var points = turf.points([
-        *   [-75, 39],
-        *   [-80, 45],
-        *   [-78, 50]
-        * ]);
-        *
-        * //=points
-        */
-       function points(coordinates, properties, options) {
-           if (options === void 0) { options = {}; }
-           return featureCollection(coordinates.map(function (coords) {
-               return point(coords, properties);
-           }), options);
-       }
-       exports.points = points;
-       /**
-        * Creates a {@link Polygon} {@link Feature} from an Array of LinearRings.
-        *
-        * @name polygon
-        * @param {Array<Array<Array<number>>>} coordinates an array of LinearRings
-        * @param {Object} [properties={}] an Object of key-value pairs to add as properties
-        * @param {Object} [options={}] Optional Parameters
-        * @param {Array<number>} [options.bbox] Bounding Box Array [west, south, east, north] associated with the Feature
-        * @param {string|number} [options.id] Identifier associated with the Feature
-        * @returns {Feature<Polygon>} Polygon Feature
-        * @example
-        * var polygon = turf.polygon([[[-5, 52], [-4, 56], [-2, 51], [-7, 54], [-5, 52]]], { name: 'poly1' });
-        *
-        * //=polygon
-        */
-       function polygon(coordinates, properties, options) {
-           if (options === void 0) { options = {}; }
-           for (var _i = 0, coordinates_1 = coordinates; _i < coordinates_1.length; _i++) {
-               var ring = coordinates_1[_i];
-               if (ring.length < 4) {
-                   throw new Error("Each LinearRing of a Polygon must have 4 or more Positions.");
-               }
-               for (var j = 0; j < ring[ring.length - 1].length; j++) {
-                   // Check if first point of Polygon contains two numbers
-                   if (ring[ring.length - 1][j] !== ring[0][j]) {
-                       throw new Error("First and last Position are not equivalent.");
+                   if (way.areAdjacent(n0, n1)) {
+                     ok = true;
+                     break;
                    }
-               }
-           }
-           var geom = {
-               type: "Polygon",
-               coordinates: coordinates,
-           };
-           return feature(geom, properties, options);
-       }
-       exports.polygon = polygon;
-       /**
-        * Creates a {@link Polygon} {@link FeatureCollection} from an Array of Polygon coordinates.
-        *
-        * @name polygons
-        * @param {Array<Array<Array<Array<number>>>>} coordinates an array of Polygon coordinates
-        * @param {Object} [properties={}] an Object of key-value pairs to add as properties
-        * @param {Object} [options={}] Optional Parameters
-        * @param {Array<number>} [options.bbox] Bounding Box Array [west, south, east, north] associated with the Feature
-        * @param {string|number} [options.id] Identifier associated with the FeatureCollection
-        * @returns {FeatureCollection<Polygon>} Polygon FeatureCollection
-        * @example
-        * var polygons = turf.polygons([
-        *   [[[-5, 52], [-4, 56], [-2, 51], [-7, 54], [-5, 52]]],
-        *   [[[-15, 42], [-14, 46], [-12, 41], [-17, 44], [-15, 42]]],
-        * ]);
-        *
-        * //=polygons
-        */
-       function polygons(coordinates, properties, options) {
-           if (options === void 0) { options = {}; }
-           return featureCollection(coordinates.map(function (coords) {
-               return polygon(coords, properties);
-           }), options);
-       }
-       exports.polygons = polygons;
-       /**
-        * Creates a {@link LineString} {@link Feature} from an Array of Positions.
-        *
-        * @name lineString
-        * @param {Array<Array<number>>} coordinates an array of Positions
-        * @param {Object} [properties={}] an Object of key-value pairs to add as properties
-        * @param {Object} [options={}] Optional Parameters
-        * @param {Array<number>} [options.bbox] Bounding Box Array [west, south, east, north] associated with the Feature
-        * @param {string|number} [options.id] Identifier associated with the Feature
-        * @returns {Feature<LineString>} LineString Feature
-        * @example
-        * var linestring1 = turf.lineString([[-24, 63], [-23, 60], [-25, 65], [-20, 69]], {name: 'line 1'});
-        * var linestring2 = turf.lineString([[-14, 43], [-13, 40], [-15, 45], [-10, 49]], {name: 'line 2'});
-        *
-        * //=linestring1
-        * //=linestring2
-        */
-       function lineString(coordinates, properties, options) {
-           if (options === void 0) { options = {}; }
-           if (coordinates.length < 2) {
-               throw new Error("coordinates must be an array of two or more positions");
-           }
-           var geom = {
-               type: "LineString",
-               coordinates: coordinates,
-           };
-           return feature(geom, properties, options);
-       }
-       exports.lineString = lineString;
-       /**
-        * Creates a {@link LineString} {@link FeatureCollection} from an Array of LineString coordinates.
-        *
-        * @name lineStrings
-        * @param {Array<Array<Array<number>>>} coordinates an array of LinearRings
-        * @param {Object} [properties={}] an Object of key-value pairs to add as properties
-        * @param {Object} [options={}] Optional Parameters
-        * @param {Array<number>} [options.bbox] Bounding Box Array [west, south, east, north]
-        * associated with the FeatureCollection
-        * @param {string|number} [options.id] Identifier associated with the FeatureCollection
-        * @returns {FeatureCollection<LineString>} LineString FeatureCollection
-        * @example
-        * var linestrings = turf.lineStrings([
-        *   [[-24, 63], [-23, 60], [-25, 65], [-20, 69]],
-        *   [[-14, 43], [-13, 40], [-15, 45], [-10, 49]]
-        * ]);
-        *
-        * //=linestrings
-        */
-       function lineStrings(coordinates, properties, options) {
-           if (options === void 0) { options = {}; }
-           return featureCollection(coordinates.map(function (coords) {
-               return lineString(coords, properties);
-           }), options);
-       }
-       exports.lineStrings = lineStrings;
-       /**
-        * Takes one or more {@link Feature|Features} and creates a {@link FeatureCollection}.
-        *
-        * @name featureCollection
-        * @param {Feature[]} features input features
-        * @param {Object} [options={}] Optional Parameters
-        * @param {Array<number>} [options.bbox] Bounding Box Array [west, south, east, north] associated with the Feature
-        * @param {string|number} [options.id] Identifier associated with the Feature
-        * @returns {FeatureCollection} FeatureCollection of Features
-        * @example
-        * var locationA = turf.point([-75.343, 39.984], {name: 'Location A'});
-        * var locationB = turf.point([-75.833, 39.284], {name: 'Location B'});
-        * var locationC = turf.point([-75.534, 39.123], {name: 'Location C'});
-        *
-        * var collection = turf.featureCollection([
-        *   locationA,
-        *   locationB,
-        *   locationC
-        * ]);
-        *
-        * //=collection
-        */
-       function featureCollection(features, options) {
-           if (options === void 0) { options = {}; }
-           var fc = { type: "FeatureCollection" };
-           if (options.id) {
-               fc.id = options.id;
-           }
-           if (options.bbox) {
-               fc.bbox = options.bbox;
-           }
-           fc.features = features;
-           return fc;
-       }
-       exports.featureCollection = featureCollection;
-       /**
-        * Creates a {@link Feature<MultiLineString>} based on a
-        * coordinate array. Properties can be added optionally.
-        *
-        * @name multiLineString
-        * @param {Array<Array<Array<number>>>} coordinates an array of LineStrings
-        * @param {Object} [properties={}] an Object of key-value pairs to add as properties
-        * @param {Object} [options={}] Optional Parameters
-        * @param {Array<number>} [options.bbox] Bounding Box Array [west, south, east, north] associated with the Feature
-        * @param {string|number} [options.id] Identifier associated with the Feature
-        * @returns {Feature<MultiLineString>} a MultiLineString feature
-        * @throws {Error} if no coordinates are passed
-        * @example
-        * var multiLine = turf.multiLineString([[[0,0],[10,10]]]);
-        *
-        * //=multiLine
-        */
-       function multiLineString(coordinates, properties, options) {
-           if (options === void 0) { options = {}; }
-           var geom = {
-               type: "MultiLineString",
-               coordinates: coordinates,
-           };
-           return feature(geom, properties, options);
-       }
-       exports.multiLineString = multiLineString;
-       /**
-        * Creates a {@link Feature<MultiPoint>} based on a
-        * coordinate array. Properties can be added optionally.
-        *
-        * @name multiPoint
-        * @param {Array<Array<number>>} coordinates an array of Positions
-        * @param {Object} [properties={}] an Object of key-value pairs to add as properties
-        * @param {Object} [options={}] Optional Parameters
-        * @param {Array<number>} [options.bbox] Bounding Box Array [west, south, east, north] associated with the Feature
-        * @param {string|number} [options.id] Identifier associated with the Feature
-        * @returns {Feature<MultiPoint>} a MultiPoint feature
-        * @throws {Error} if no coordinates are passed
-        * @example
-        * var multiPt = turf.multiPoint([[0,0],[10,10]]);
-        *
-        * //=multiPt
-        */
-       function multiPoint(coordinates, properties, options) {
-           if (options === void 0) { options = {}; }
-           var geom = {
-               type: "MultiPoint",
-               coordinates: coordinates,
-           };
-           return feature(geom, properties, options);
-       }
-       exports.multiPoint = multiPoint;
-       /**
-        * Creates a {@link Feature<MultiPolygon>} based on a
-        * coordinate array. Properties can be added optionally.
-        *
-        * @name multiPolygon
-        * @param {Array<Array<Array<Array<number>>>>} coordinates an array of Polygons
-        * @param {Object} [properties={}] an Object of key-value pairs to add as properties
-        * @param {Object} [options={}] Optional Parameters
-        * @param {Array<number>} [options.bbox] Bounding Box Array [west, south, east, north] associated with the Feature
-        * @param {string|number} [options.id] Identifier associated with the Feature
-        * @returns {Feature<MultiPolygon>} a multipolygon feature
-        * @throws {Error} if no coordinates are passed
-        * @example
-        * var multiPoly = turf.multiPolygon([[[[0,0],[0,10],[10,10],[10,0],[0,0]]]]);
-        *
-        * //=multiPoly
-        *
-        */
-       function multiPolygon(coordinates, properties, options) {
-           if (options === void 0) { options = {}; }
-           var geom = {
-               type: "MultiPolygon",
-               coordinates: coordinates,
-           };
-           return feature(geom, properties, options);
-       }
-       exports.multiPolygon = multiPolygon;
-       /**
-        * Creates a {@link Feature<GeometryCollection>} based on a
-        * coordinate array. Properties can be added optionally.
-        *
-        * @name geometryCollection
-        * @param {Array<Geometry>} geometries an array of GeoJSON Geometries
-        * @param {Object} [properties={}] an Object of key-value pairs to add as properties
-        * @param {Object} [options={}] Optional Parameters
-        * @param {Array<number>} [options.bbox] Bounding Box Array [west, south, east, north] associated with the Feature
-        * @param {string|number} [options.id] Identifier associated with the Feature
-        * @returns {Feature<GeometryCollection>} a GeoJSON GeometryCollection Feature
-        * @example
-        * var pt = turf.geometry("Point", [100, 0]);
-        * var line = turf.geometry("LineString", [[101, 0], [102, 1]]);
-        * var collection = turf.geometryCollection([pt, line]);
-        *
-        * // => collection
-        */
-       function geometryCollection(geometries, properties, options) {
-           if (options === void 0) { options = {}; }
-           var geom = {
-               type: "GeometryCollection",
-               geometries: geometries,
-           };
-           return feature(geom, properties, options);
-       }
-       exports.geometryCollection = geometryCollection;
-       /**
-        * Round number to precision
-        *
-        * @param {number} num Number
-        * @param {number} [precision=0] Precision
-        * @returns {number} rounded number
-        * @example
-        * turf.round(120.4321)
-        * //=120
-        *
-        * turf.round(120.4321, 2)
-        * //=120.43
-        */
-       function round(num, precision) {
-           if (precision === void 0) { precision = 0; }
-           if (precision && !(precision >= 0)) {
-               throw new Error("precision must be a positive number");
-           }
-           var multiplier = Math.pow(10, precision || 0);
-           return Math.round(num * multiplier) / multiplier;
-       }
-       exports.round = round;
-       /**
-        * Convert a distance measurement (assuming a spherical Earth) from radians to a more friendly unit.
-        * Valid units: miles, nauticalmiles, inches, yards, meters, metres, kilometers, centimeters, feet
-        *
-        * @name radiansToLength
-        * @param {number} radians in radians across the sphere
-        * @param {string} [units="kilometers"] can be degrees, radians, miles, or kilometers inches, yards, metres,
-        * meters, kilometres, kilometers.
-        * @returns {number} distance
-        */
-       function radiansToLength(radians, units) {
-           if (units === void 0) { units = "kilometers"; }
-           var factor = exports.factors[units];
-           if (!factor) {
-               throw new Error(units + " units is invalid");
-           }
-           return radians * factor;
-       }
-       exports.radiansToLength = radiansToLength;
-       /**
-        * Convert a distance measurement (assuming a spherical Earth) from a real-world unit into radians
-        * Valid units: miles, nauticalmiles, inches, yards, meters, metres, kilometers, centimeters, feet
-        *
-        * @name lengthToRadians
-        * @param {number} distance in real units
-        * @param {string} [units="kilometers"] can be degrees, radians, miles, or kilometers inches, yards, metres,
-        * meters, kilometres, kilometers.
-        * @returns {number} radians
-        */
-       function lengthToRadians(distance, units) {
-           if (units === void 0) { units = "kilometers"; }
-           var factor = exports.factors[units];
-           if (!factor) {
-               throw new Error(units + " units is invalid");
-           }
-           return distance / factor;
-       }
-       exports.lengthToRadians = lengthToRadians;
-       /**
-        * Convert a distance measurement (assuming a spherical Earth) from a real-world unit into degrees
-        * Valid units: miles, nauticalmiles, inches, yards, meters, metres, centimeters, kilometres, feet
-        *
-        * @name lengthToDegrees
-        * @param {number} distance in real units
-        * @param {string} [units="kilometers"] can be degrees, radians, miles, or kilometers inches, yards, metres,
-        * meters, kilometres, kilometers.
-        * @returns {number} degrees
-        */
-       function lengthToDegrees(distance, units) {
-           return radiansToDegrees(lengthToRadians(distance, units));
-       }
-       exports.lengthToDegrees = lengthToDegrees;
-       /**
-        * Converts any bearing angle from the north line direction (positive clockwise)
-        * and returns an angle between 0-360 degrees (positive clockwise), 0 being the north line
-        *
-        * @name bearingToAzimuth
-        * @param {number} bearing angle, between -180 and +180 degrees
-        * @returns {number} angle between 0 and 360 degrees
-        */
-       function bearingToAzimuth(bearing) {
-           var angle = bearing % 360;
-           if (angle < 0) {
-               angle += 360;
-           }
-           return angle;
-       }
-       exports.bearingToAzimuth = bearingToAzimuth;
-       /**
-        * Converts an angle in radians to degrees
-        *
-        * @name radiansToDegrees
-        * @param {number} radians angle in radians
-        * @returns {number} degrees between 0 and 360 degrees
-        */
-       function radiansToDegrees(radians) {
-           var degrees = radians % (2 * Math.PI);
-           return degrees * 180 / Math.PI;
-       }
-       exports.radiansToDegrees = radiansToDegrees;
-       /**
-        * Converts an angle in degrees to radians
-        *
-        * @name degreesToRadians
-        * @param {number} degrees angle between 0 and 360 degrees
-        * @returns {number} angle in radians
-        */
-       function degreesToRadians(degrees) {
-           var radians = degrees % 360;
-           return radians * Math.PI / 180;
-       }
-       exports.degreesToRadians = degreesToRadians;
-       /**
-        * Converts a length to the requested unit.
-        * Valid units: miles, nauticalmiles, inches, yards, meters, metres, kilometers, centimeters, feet
-        *
-        * @param {number} length to be converted
-        * @param {Units} [originalUnit="kilometers"] of the length
-        * @param {Units} [finalUnit="kilometers"] returned unit
-        * @returns {number} the converted length
-        */
-       function convertLength(length, originalUnit, finalUnit) {
-           if (originalUnit === void 0) { originalUnit = "kilometers"; }
-           if (finalUnit === void 0) { finalUnit = "kilometers"; }
-           if (!(length >= 0)) {
-               throw new Error("length must be a positive number");
-           }
-           return radiansToLength(lengthToRadians(length, originalUnit), finalUnit);
-       }
-       exports.convertLength = convertLength;
-       /**
-        * Converts a area to the requested unit.
-        * Valid units: kilometers, kilometres, meters, metres, centimetres, millimeters, acres, miles, yards, feet, inches
-        * @param {number} area to be converted
-        * @param {Units} [originalUnit="meters"] of the distance
-        * @param {Units} [finalUnit="kilometers"] returned unit
-        * @returns {number} the converted distance
-        */
-       function convertArea(area, originalUnit, finalUnit) {
-           if (originalUnit === void 0) { originalUnit = "meters"; }
-           if (finalUnit === void 0) { finalUnit = "kilometers"; }
-           if (!(area >= 0)) {
-               throw new Error("area must be a positive number");
-           }
-           var startFactor = exports.areaFactors[originalUnit];
-           if (!startFactor) {
-               throw new Error("invalid original units");
-           }
-           var finalFactor = exports.areaFactors[finalUnit];
-           if (!finalFactor) {
-               throw new Error("invalid final units");
-           }
-           return (area / startFactor) * finalFactor;
-       }
-       exports.convertArea = convertArea;
-       /**
-        * isNumber
-        *
-        * @param {*} num Number to validate
-        * @returns {boolean} true/false
-        * @example
-        * turf.isNumber(123)
-        * //=true
-        * turf.isNumber('foo')
-        * //=false
-        */
-       function isNumber(num) {
-           return !isNaN(num) && num !== null && !Array.isArray(num) && !/^\s*$/.test(num);
-       }
-       exports.isNumber = isNumber;
-       /**
-        * isObject
-        *
-        * @param {*} input variable to validate
-        * @returns {boolean} true/false
-        * @example
-        * turf.isObject({elevation: 10})
-        * //=true
-        * turf.isObject('foo')
-        * //=false
-        */
-       function isObject(input) {
-           return (!!input) && (input.constructor === Object);
-       }
-       exports.isObject = isObject;
-       /**
-        * Validate BBox
-        *
-        * @private
-        * @param {Array<number>} bbox BBox to validate
-        * @returns {void}
-        * @throws Error if BBox is not valid
-        * @example
-        * validateBBox([-180, -40, 110, 50])
-        * //=OK
-        * validateBBox([-180, -40])
-        * //=Error
-        * validateBBox('Foo')
-        * //=Error
-        * validateBBox(5)
-        * //=Error
-        * validateBBox(null)
-        * //=Error
-        * validateBBox(undefined)
-        * //=Error
-        */
-       function validateBBox(bbox) {
-           if (!bbox) {
-               throw new Error("bbox is required");
-           }
-           if (!Array.isArray(bbox)) {
-               throw new Error("bbox must be an Array");
-           }
-           if (bbox.length !== 4 && bbox.length !== 6) {
-               throw new Error("bbox must be an Array of 4 or 6 numbers");
-           }
-           bbox.forEach(function (num) {
-               if (!isNumber(num)) {
-                   throw new Error("bbox must only contain numbers");
-               }
-           });
-       }
-       exports.validateBBox = validateBBox;
-       /**
-        * Validate Id
-        *
-        * @private
-        * @param {string|number} id Id to validate
-        * @returns {void}
-        * @throws Error if Id is not valid
-        * @example
-        * validateId([-180, -40, 110, 50])
-        * //=Error
-        * validateId([-180, -40])
-        * //=Error
-        * validateId('Foo')
-        * //=OK
-        * validateId(5)
-        * //=OK
-        * validateId(null)
-        * //=Error
-        * validateId(undefined)
-        * //=Error
-        */
-       function validateId(id) {
-           if (!id) {
-               throw new Error("id is required");
-           }
-           if (["string", "number"].indexOf(typeof id) === -1) {
-               throw new Error("id must be a number or a string");
-           }
-       }
-       exports.validateId = validateId;
-       // Deprecated methods
-       function radians2degrees() {
-           throw new Error("method has been renamed to `radiansToDegrees`");
-       }
-       exports.radians2degrees = radians2degrees;
-       function degrees2radians() {
-           throw new Error("method has been renamed to `degreesToRadians`");
-       }
-       exports.degrees2radians = degrees2radians;
-       function distanceToDegrees() {
-           throw new Error("method has been renamed to `lengthToDegrees`");
-       }
-       exports.distanceToDegrees = distanceToDegrees;
-       function distanceToRadians() {
-           throw new Error("method has been renamed to `lengthToRadians`");
-       }
-       exports.distanceToRadians = distanceToRadians;
-       function radiansToDistance() {
-           throw new Error("method has been renamed to `radiansToLength`");
-       }
-       exports.radiansToDistance = radiansToDistance;
-       function bearingToAngle() {
-           throw new Error("method has been renamed to `bearingToAzimuth`");
-       }
-       exports.bearingToAngle = bearingToAngle;
-       function convertDistance() {
-           throw new Error("method has been renamed to `convertLength`");
-       }
-       exports.convertDistance = convertDistance;
-       });
+                 }
+
+                 if (!ok) {
+                   return 'restriction';
+                 }
+               }
+             } // 2b. disable if nodes being connected will destroy a member way in a restriction
+             // (to test, make a copy and try actually connecting the nodes)
 
-       var invariant = createCommonjsModule(function (module, exports) {
-       Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
 
-       /**
-        * Unwrap a coordinate from a Point Feature, Geometry or a single coordinate.
-        *
-        * @name getCoord
-        * @param {Array<number>|Geometry<Point>|Feature<Point>} coord GeoJSON Point or an Array of numbers
-        * @returns {Array<number>} coordinates
-        * @example
-        * var pt = turf.point([10, 10]);
-        *
-        * var coord = turf.getCoord(pt);
-        * //= [10, 10]
-        */
-       function getCoord(coord) {
-           if (!coord) {
-               throw new Error("coord is required");
-           }
-           if (!Array.isArray(coord)) {
-               if (coord.type === "Feature" && coord.geometry !== null && coord.geometry.type === "Point") {
-                   return coord.geometry.coordinates;
+             for (j = 0; j < memberWays.length; j++) {
+               way = memberWays[j].update({}); // make copy
+
+               for (k = 0; k < nodeIDs.length; k++) {
+                 if (nodeIDs[k] === survivor.id) continue;
+
+                 if (way.areAdjacent(nodeIDs[k], survivor.id)) {
+                   way = way.removeNode(nodeIDs[k]);
+                 } else {
+                   way = way.replaceNode(nodeIDs[k], survivor.id);
+                 }
                }
-               if (coord.type === "Point") {
-                   return coord.coordinates;
+
+               if (way.isDegenerate()) {
+                 return 'restriction';
                }
+             }
            }
-           if (Array.isArray(coord) && coord.length >= 2 && !Array.isArray(coord[0]) && !Array.isArray(coord[1])) {
-               return coord;
+
+           return false; // if a key node appears multiple times (indexOf !== lastIndexOf) it's a FROM-VIA or TO-VIA junction
+
+           function hasDuplicates(n, i, arr) {
+             return arr.indexOf(n) !== arr.lastIndexOf(n);
            }
-           throw new Error("coord must be GeoJSON Point or an Array of numbers");
-       }
-       exports.getCoord = getCoord;
-       /**
-        * Unwrap coordinates from a Feature, Geometry Object or an Array
-        *
-        * @name getCoords
-        * @param {Array<any>|Geometry|Feature} coords Feature, Geometry Object or an Array
-        * @returns {Array<any>} coordinates
-        * @example
-        * var poly = turf.polygon([[[119.32, -8.7], [119.55, -8.69], [119.51, -8.54], [119.32, -8.7]]]);
-        *
-        * var coords = turf.getCoords(poly);
-        * //= [[[119.32, -8.7], [119.55, -8.69], [119.51, -8.54], [119.32, -8.7]]]
-        */
-       function getCoords(coords) {
-           if (Array.isArray(coords)) {
-               return coords;
+
+           function keyNodeFilter(froms, tos) {
+             return function (n) {
+               return froms.indexOf(n) === -1 && tos.indexOf(n) === -1;
+             };
            }
-           // Feature
-           if (coords.type === "Feature") {
-               if (coords.geometry !== null) {
-                   return coords.geometry.coordinates;
+
+           function collectNodes(member, collection) {
+             var entity = graph.hasEntity(member.id);
+             if (!entity) return;
+             var role = member.role || '';
+
+             if (!collection[role]) {
+               collection[role] = [];
+             }
+
+             if (member.type === 'node') {
+               collection[role].push(member.id);
+
+               if (role === 'via') {
+                 collection.keyfrom.push(member.id);
+                 collection.keyto.push(member.id);
                }
-           }
-           else {
-               // Geometry
-               if (coords.coordinates) {
-                   return coords.coordinates;
+             } else if (member.type === 'way') {
+               collection[role].push.apply(collection[role], entity.nodes);
+
+               if (role === 'from' || role === 'via') {
+                 collection.keyfrom.push(entity.first());
+                 collection.keyfrom.push(entity.last());
                }
+
+               if (role === 'to' || role === 'via') {
+                 collection.keyto.push(entity.first());
+                 collection.keyto.push(entity.last());
+               }
+             }
            }
-           throw new Error("coords must be GeoJSON Feature, Geometry Object or an Array");
-       }
-       exports.getCoords = getCoords;
-       /**
-        * Checks if coordinates contains a number
-        *
-        * @name containsNumber
-        * @param {Array<any>} coordinates GeoJSON Coordinates
-        * @returns {boolean} true if Array contains a number
-        */
-       function containsNumber(coordinates) {
-           if (coordinates.length > 1 && helpers$1.isNumber(coordinates[0]) && helpers$1.isNumber(coordinates[1])) {
-               return true;
-           }
-           if (Array.isArray(coordinates[0]) && coordinates[0].length) {
-               return containsNumber(coordinates[0]);
-           }
-           throw new Error("coordinates must only contain numbers");
+         };
+
+         return action;
        }
-       exports.containsNumber = containsNumber;
-       /**
-        * Enforce expectations about types of GeoJSON objects for Turf.
-        *
-        * @name geojsonType
-        * @param {GeoJSON} value any GeoJSON object
-        * @param {string} type expected GeoJSON type
-        * @param {string} name name of calling function
-        * @throws {Error} if value is not the expected type.
-        */
-       function geojsonType(value, type, name) {
-           if (!type || !name) {
-               throw new Error("type and name required");
-           }
-           if (!value || value.type !== type) {
-               throw new Error("Invalid input to " + name + ": must be a " + type + ", given " + value.type);
+
+       function actionCopyEntities(ids, fromGraph) {
+         var _copies = {};
+
+         var action = function action(graph) {
+           ids.forEach(function (id) {
+             fromGraph.entity(id).copy(fromGraph, _copies);
+           });
+
+           for (var id in _copies) {
+             graph = graph.replace(_copies[id]);
            }
+
+           return graph;
+         };
+
+         action.copies = function () {
+           return _copies;
+         };
+
+         return action;
        }
-       exports.geojsonType = geojsonType;
-       /**
-        * Enforce expectations about types of {@link Feature} inputs for Turf.
-        * Internally this uses {@link geojsonType} to judge geometry types.
-        *
-        * @name featureOf
-        * @param {Feature} feature a feature with an expected geometry type
-        * @param {string} type expected GeoJSON type
-        * @param {string} name name of calling function
-        * @throws {Error} error if value is not the expected type.
-        */
-       function featureOf(feature, type, name) {
-           if (!feature) {
-               throw new Error("No feature passed");
-           }
-           if (!name) {
-               throw new Error(".featureOf() requires a name");
-           }
-           if (!feature || feature.type !== "Feature" || !feature.geometry) {
-               throw new Error("Invalid input to " + name + ", Feature with geometry required");
-           }
-           if (!feature.geometry || feature.geometry.type !== type) {
-               throw new Error("Invalid input to " + name + ": must be a " + type + ", given " + feature.geometry.type);
+
+       function actionDeleteMember(relationId, memberIndex) {
+         return function (graph) {
+           var relation = graph.entity(relationId).removeMember(memberIndex);
+           graph = graph.replace(relation);
+
+           if (relation.isDegenerate()) {
+             graph = actionDeleteRelation(relation.id)(graph);
            }
+
+           return graph;
+         };
        }
-       exports.featureOf = featureOf;
-       /**
-        * Enforce expectations about types of {@link FeatureCollection} inputs for Turf.
-        * Internally this uses {@link geojsonType} to judge geometry types.
-        *
-        * @name collectionOf
-        * @param {FeatureCollection} featureCollection a FeatureCollection for which features will be judged
-        * @param {string} type expected GeoJSON type
-        * @param {string} name name of calling function
-        * @throws {Error} if value is not the expected type.
-        */
-       function collectionOf(featureCollection, type, name) {
-           if (!featureCollection) {
-               throw new Error("No featureCollection passed");
-           }
-           if (!name) {
-               throw new Error(".collectionOf() requires a name");
-           }
-           if (!featureCollection || featureCollection.type !== "FeatureCollection") {
-               throw new Error("Invalid input to " + name + ", FeatureCollection required");
-           }
-           for (var _i = 0, _a = featureCollection.features; _i < _a.length; _i++) {
-               var feature = _a[_i];
-               if (!feature || feature.type !== "Feature" || !feature.geometry) {
-                   throw new Error("Invalid input to " + name + ", Feature with geometry required");
-               }
-               if (!feature.geometry || feature.geometry.type !== type) {
-                   throw new Error("Invalid input to " + name + ": must be a " + type + ", given " + feature.geometry.type);
+
+       function actionDiscardTags(difference, discardTags) {
+         discardTags = discardTags || {};
+         return function (graph) {
+           difference.modified().forEach(checkTags);
+           difference.created().forEach(checkTags);
+           return graph;
+
+           function checkTags(entity) {
+             var keys = Object.keys(entity.tags);
+             var didDiscard = false;
+             var tags = {};
+
+             for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
+               var k = keys[i];
+
+               if (discardTags[k] || !entity.tags[k]) {
+                 didDiscard = true;
+               } else {
+                 tags[k] = entity.tags[k];
                }
+             }
+
+             if (didDiscard) {
+               graph = graph.replace(entity.update({
+                 tags: tags
+               }));
+             }
            }
+         };
        }
-       exports.collectionOf = collectionOf;
-       /**
-        * Get Geometry from Feature or Geometry Object
-        *
-        * @param {Feature|Geometry} geojson GeoJSON Feature or Geometry Object
-        * @returns {Geometry|null} GeoJSON Geometry Object
-        * @throws {Error} if geojson is not a Feature or Geometry Object
-        * @example
-        * var point = {
-        *   "type": "Feature",
-        *   "properties": {},
-        *   "geometry": {
-        *     "type": "Point",
-        *     "coordinates": [110, 40]
-        *   }
-        * }
-        * var geom = turf.getGeom(point)
-        * //={"type": "Point", "coordinates": [110, 40]}
-        */
-       function getGeom(geojson) {
-           if (geojson.type === "Feature") {
-               return geojson.geometry;
+
+       //
+       // Optionally, disconnect only the given ways.
+       //
+       // For testing convenience, accepts an ID to assign to the (first) new node.
+       // Normally, this will be undefined and the way will automatically
+       // be assigned a new ID.
+       //
+       // This is the inverse of `iD.actionConnect`.
+       //
+       // Reference:
+       //   https://github.com/openstreetmap/potlatch2/blob/master/net/systemeD/halcyon/connection/actions/UnjoinNodeAction.as
+       //   https://github.com/openstreetmap/josm/blob/mirror/src/org/openstreetmap/josm/actions/UnGlueAction.java
+       //
+
+       function actionDisconnect(nodeId, newNodeId) {
+         var wayIds;
+
+         var action = function action(graph) {
+           var node = graph.entity(nodeId);
+           var connections = action.connections(graph);
+           connections.forEach(function (connection) {
+             var way = graph.entity(connection.wayID);
+             var newNode = osmNode({
+               id: newNodeId,
+               loc: node.loc,
+               tags: node.tags
+             });
+             graph = graph.replace(newNode);
+
+             if (connection.index === 0 && way.isArea()) {
+               // replace shared node with shared node..
+               graph = graph.replace(way.replaceNode(way.nodes[0], newNode.id));
+             } else if (way.isClosed() && connection.index === way.nodes.length - 1) {
+               // replace closing node with new new node..
+               graph = graph.replace(way.unclose().addNode(newNode.id));
+             } else {
+               // replace shared node with multiple new nodes..
+               graph = graph.replace(way.updateNode(newNode.id, connection.index));
+             }
+           });
+           return graph;
+         };
+
+         action.connections = function (graph) {
+           var candidates = [];
+           var keeping = false;
+           var parentWays = graph.parentWays(graph.entity(nodeId));
+           var way, waynode;
+
+           for (var i = 0; i < parentWays.length; i++) {
+             way = parentWays[i];
+
+             if (wayIds && wayIds.indexOf(way.id) === -1) {
+               keeping = true;
+               continue;
+             }
+
+             if (way.isArea() && way.nodes[0] === nodeId) {
+               candidates.push({
+                 wayID: way.id,
+                 index: 0
+               });
+             } else {
+               for (var j = 0; j < way.nodes.length; j++) {
+                 waynode = way.nodes[j];
+
+                 if (waynode === nodeId) {
+                   if (way.isClosed() && parentWays.length > 1 && wayIds && wayIds.indexOf(way.id) !== -1 && j === way.nodes.length - 1) {
+                     continue;
+                   }
+
+                   candidates.push({
+                     wayID: way.id,
+                     index: j
+                   });
+                 }
+               }
+             }
            }
-           return geojson;
+
+           return keeping ? candidates : candidates.slice(1);
+         };
+
+         action.disabled = function (graph) {
+           var connections = action.connections(graph);
+           if (connections.length === 0) return 'not_connected';
+           var parentWays = graph.parentWays(graph.entity(nodeId));
+           var seenRelationIds = {};
+           var sharedRelation;
+           parentWays.forEach(function (way) {
+             var relations = graph.parentRelations(way);
+             relations.forEach(function (relation) {
+               if (relation.id in seenRelationIds) {
+                 if (wayIds) {
+                   if (wayIds.indexOf(way.id) !== -1 || wayIds.indexOf(seenRelationIds[relation.id]) !== -1) {
+                     sharedRelation = relation;
+                   }
+                 } else {
+                   sharedRelation = relation;
+                 }
+               } else {
+                 seenRelationIds[relation.id] = way.id;
+               }
+             });
+           });
+           if (sharedRelation) return 'relation';
+         };
+
+         action.limitWays = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return wayIds;
+           wayIds = val;
+           return action;
+         };
+
+         return action;
        }
-       exports.getGeom = getGeom;
-       /**
-        * Get GeoJSON object's type, Geometry type is prioritize.
-        *
-        * @param {GeoJSON} geojson GeoJSON object
-        * @param {string} [name="geojson"] name of the variable to display in error message
-        * @returns {string} GeoJSON type
-        * @example
-        * var point = {
-        *   "type": "Feature",
-        *   "properties": {},
-        *   "geometry": {
-        *     "type": "Point",
-        *     "coordinates": [110, 40]
-        *   }
-        * }
-        * var geom = turf.getType(point)
-        * //="Point"
-        */
-       function getType(geojson, name) {
-           if (geojson.type === "FeatureCollection") {
-               return "FeatureCollection";
-           }
-           if (geojson.type === "GeometryCollection") {
-               return "GeometryCollection";
-           }
-           if (geojson.type === "Feature" && geojson.geometry !== null) {
-               return geojson.geometry.type;
+
+       function actionExtract(entityID, projection) {
+         var extractedNodeID;
+
+         var action = function action(graph) {
+           var entity = graph.entity(entityID);
+
+           if (entity.type === 'node') {
+             return extractFromNode(entity, graph);
            }
-           return geojson.type;
-       }
-       exports.getType = getType;
-       });
 
-       var lineclip_1 = lineclip;
-       var _default = lineclip;
+           return extractFromWayOrRelation(entity, graph);
+         };
 
-       lineclip.polyline = lineclip;
-       lineclip.polygon = polygonclip;
+         function extractFromNode(node, graph) {
+           extractedNodeID = node.id; // Create a new node to replace the one we will detach
 
+           var replacement = osmNode({
+             loc: node.loc
+           });
+           graph = graph.replace(replacement); // Process each way in turn, updating the graph as we go
 
-       // Cohen-Sutherland line clippign algorithm, adapted to efficiently
-       // handle polylines rather than just segments
+           graph = graph.parentWays(node).reduce(function (accGraph, parentWay) {
+             return accGraph.replace(parentWay.replaceNode(entityID, replacement.id));
+           }, graph); // Process any relations too
 
-       function lineclip(points, bbox, result) {
+           return graph.parentRelations(node).reduce(function (accGraph, parentRel) {
+             return accGraph.replace(parentRel.replaceMember(node, replacement));
+           }, graph);
+         }
 
-           var len = points.length,
-               codeA = bitCode(points[0], bbox),
-               part = [],
-               i, a, b, codeB, lastCode;
+         function extractFromWayOrRelation(entity, graph) {
+           var fromGeometry = entity.geometry(graph);
+           var keysToCopyAndRetain = ['source', 'wheelchair'];
+           var keysToRetain = ['area'];
+           var buildingKeysToRetain = ['architect', 'building', 'height', 'layer'];
+           var extractedLoc = d3_geoPath(projection).centroid(entity.asGeoJSON(graph));
+           extractedLoc = extractedLoc && projection.invert(extractedLoc);
 
-           if (!result) result = [];
+           if (!extractedLoc || !isFinite(extractedLoc[0]) || !isFinite(extractedLoc[1])) {
+             extractedLoc = entity.extent(graph).center();
+           }
 
-           for (i = 1; i < len; i++) {
-               a = points[i - 1];
-               b = points[i];
-               codeB = lastCode = bitCode(b, bbox);
+           var indoorAreaValues = {
+             area: true,
+             corridor: true,
+             elevator: true,
+             level: true,
+             room: true
+           };
+           var isBuilding = entity.tags.building && entity.tags.building !== 'no' || entity.tags['building:part'] && entity.tags['building:part'] !== 'no';
+           var isIndoorArea = fromGeometry === 'area' && entity.tags.indoor && indoorAreaValues[entity.tags.indoor];
+           var entityTags = Object.assign({}, entity.tags); // shallow copy
 
-               while (true) {
+           var pointTags = {};
 
-                   if (!(codeA | codeB)) { // accept
-                       part.push(a);
+           for (var key in entityTags) {
+             if (entity.type === 'relation' && key === 'type') {
+               continue;
+             }
+
+             if (keysToRetain.indexOf(key) !== -1) {
+               continue;
+             }
 
-                       if (codeB !== lastCode) { // segment went outside
-                           part.push(b);
+             if (isBuilding) {
+               // don't transfer building-related tags
+               if (buildingKeysToRetain.indexOf(key) !== -1 || key.match(/^building:.{1,}/) || key.match(/^roof:.{1,}/)) continue;
+             } // leave `indoor` tag on the area
 
-                           if (i < len - 1) { // start a new line
-                               result.push(part);
-                               part = [];
-                           }
-                       } else if (i === len - 1) {
-                           part.push(b);
-                       }
-                       break;
 
-                   } else if (codeA & codeB) { // trivial reject
-                       break;
+             if (isIndoorArea && key === 'indoor') {
+               continue;
+             } // copy the tag from the entity to the point
 
-                   } else if (codeA) { // a outside, intersect with clip edge
-                       a = intersect(a, b, codeA, bbox);
-                       codeA = bitCode(a, bbox);
 
-                   } else { // b outside
-                       b = intersect(a, b, codeB, bbox);
-                       codeB = bitCode(b, bbox);
-                   }
-               }
+             pointTags[key] = entityTags[key]; // leave addresses and some other tags so they're on both features
 
-               codeA = lastCode;
+             if (keysToCopyAndRetain.indexOf(key) !== -1 || key.match(/^addr:.{1,}/)) {
+               continue;
+             } else if (isIndoorArea && key === 'level') {
+               // leave `level` on both features
+               continue;
+             } // remove the tag from the entity
+
+
+             delete entityTags[key];
            }
 
-           if (part.length) result.push(part);
+           if (!isBuilding && !isIndoorArea && fromGeometry === 'area') {
+             // ensure that areas keep area geometry
+             entityTags.area = 'yes';
+           }
 
-           return result;
+           var replacement = osmNode({
+             loc: extractedLoc,
+             tags: pointTags
+           });
+           graph = graph.replace(replacement);
+           extractedNodeID = replacement.id;
+           return graph.replace(entity.update({
+             tags: entityTags
+           }));
+         }
+
+         action.getExtractedNodeID = function () {
+           return extractedNodeID;
+         };
+
+         return action;
        }
 
-       // Sutherland-Hodgeman polygon clipping algorithm
+       //
+       // This is the inverse of `iD.actionSplit`.
+       //
+       // Reference:
+       //   https://github.com/systemed/potlatch2/blob/master/net/systemeD/halcyon/connection/actions/MergeWaysAction.as
+       //   https://github.com/openstreetmap/josm/blob/mirror/src/org/openstreetmap/josm/actions/CombineWayAction.java
+       //
+
+       function actionJoin(ids) {
+         function groupEntitiesByGeometry(graph) {
+           var entities = ids.map(function (id) {
+             return graph.entity(id);
+           });
+           return Object.assign({
+             line: []
+           }, utilArrayGroupBy(entities, function (entity) {
+             return entity.geometry(graph);
+           }));
+         }
+
+         var action = function action(graph) {
+           var ways = ids.map(graph.entity, graph);
+           var survivorID = ways[0].id; // if any of the ways are sided (e.g. coastline, cliff, kerb)
+           // sort them first so they establish the overall order - #6033
+
+           ways.sort(function (a, b) {
+             var aSided = a.isSided();
+             var bSided = b.isSided();
+             return aSided && !bSided ? -1 : bSided && !aSided ? 1 : 0;
+           }); // Prefer to keep an existing way.
+
+           for (var i = 0; i < ways.length; i++) {
+             if (!ways[i].isNew()) {
+               survivorID = ways[i].id;
+               break;
+             }
+           }
 
-       function polygonclip(points, bbox) {
+           var sequences = osmJoinWays(ways, graph);
+           var joined = sequences[0]; // We might need to reverse some of these ways before joining them.  #4688
+           // `joined.actions` property will contain any actions we need to apply.
 
-           var result, edge, prev, prevInside, i, p, inside;
+           graph = sequences.actions.reduce(function (g, action) {
+             return action(g);
+           }, graph);
+           var survivor = graph.entity(survivorID);
+           survivor = survivor.update({
+             nodes: joined.nodes.map(function (n) {
+               return n.id;
+             })
+           });
+           graph = graph.replace(survivor);
+           joined.forEach(function (way) {
+             if (way.id === survivorID) return;
+             graph.parentRelations(way).forEach(function (parent) {
+               graph = graph.replace(parent.replaceMember(way, survivor));
+             });
+             survivor = survivor.mergeTags(way.tags);
+             graph = graph.replace(survivor);
+             graph = actionDeleteWay(way.id)(graph);
+           }); // Finds if the join created a single-member multipolygon,
+           // and if so turns it into a basic area instead
 
-           // clip against each side of the clip rectangle
-           for (edge = 1; edge <= 8; edge *= 2) {
-               result = [];
-               prev = points[points.length - 1];
-               prevInside = !(bitCode(prev, bbox) & edge);
+           function checkForSimpleMultipolygon() {
+             if (!survivor.isClosed()) return;
+             var multipolygons = graph.parentMultipolygons(survivor).filter(function (multipolygon) {
+               // find multipolygons where the survivor is the only member
+               return multipolygon.members.length === 1;
+             }); // skip if this is the single member of multiple multipolygons
 
-               for (i = 0; i < points.length; i++) {
-                   p = points[i];
-                   inside = !(bitCode(p, bbox) & edge);
+             if (multipolygons.length !== 1) return;
+             var multipolygon = multipolygons[0];
 
-                   // if segment goes through the clip window, add an intersection
-                   if (inside !== prevInside) result.push(intersect(prev, p, edge, bbox));
+             for (var key in survivor.tags) {
+               if (multipolygon.tags[key] && // don't collapse if tags cannot be cleanly merged
+               multipolygon.tags[key] !== survivor.tags[key]) return;
+             }
 
-                   if (inside) result.push(p); // add a point if it's inside
+             survivor = survivor.mergeTags(multipolygon.tags);
+             graph = graph.replace(survivor);
+             graph = actionDeleteRelation(multipolygon.id, true
+             /* allow untagged members */
+             )(graph);
+             var tags = Object.assign({}, survivor.tags);
 
-                   prev = p;
-                   prevInside = inside;
-               }
+             if (survivor.geometry(graph) !== 'area') {
+               // ensure the feature persists as an area
+               tags.area = 'yes';
+             }
 
-               points = result;
+             delete tags.type; // remove type=multipolygon
 
-               if (!points.length) break;
+             survivor = survivor.update({
+               tags: tags
+             });
+             graph = graph.replace(survivor);
            }
 
-           return result;
-       }
-
-       // intersect a segment against one of the 4 lines that make up the bbox
+           checkForSimpleMultipolygon();
+           return graph;
+         }; // Returns the number of nodes the resultant way is expected to have
 
-       function intersect(a, b, edge, bbox) {
-           return edge & 8 ? [a[0] + (b[0] - a[0]) * (bbox[3] - a[1]) / (b[1] - a[1]), bbox[3]] : // top
-                  edge & 4 ? [a[0] + (b[0] - a[0]) * (bbox[1] - a[1]) / (b[1] - a[1]), bbox[1]] : // bottom
-                  edge & 2 ? [bbox[2], a[1] + (b[1] - a[1]) * (bbox[2] - a[0]) / (b[0] - a[0])] : // right
-                  edge & 1 ? [bbox[0], a[1] + (b[1] - a[1]) * (bbox[0] - a[0]) / (b[0] - a[0])] : // left
-                  null;
-       }
 
-       // bit code reflects the point position relative to the bbox:
+         action.resultingWayNodesLength = function (graph) {
+           return ids.reduce(function (count, id) {
+             return count + graph.entity(id).nodes.length;
+           }, 0) - ids.length - 1;
+         };
 
-       //         left  mid  right
-       //    top  1001  1000  1010
-       //    mid  0001  0000  0010
-       // bottom  0101  0100  0110
+         action.disabled = function (graph) {
+           var geometries = groupEntitiesByGeometry(graph);
 
-       function bitCode(p, bbox) {
-           var code = 0;
+           if (ids.length < 2 || ids.length !== geometries.line.length) {
+             return 'not_eligible';
+           }
 
-           if (p[0] < bbox[0]) code |= 1; // left
-           else if (p[0] > bbox[2]) code |= 2; // right
+           var joined = osmJoinWays(ids.map(graph.entity, graph), graph);
 
-           if (p[1] < bbox[1]) code |= 4; // bottom
-           else if (p[1] > bbox[3]) code |= 8; // top
+           if (joined.length > 1) {
+             return 'not_adjacent';
+           } // Loop through all combinations of path-pairs
+           // to check potential intersections between all pairs
 
-           return code;
-       }
-       lineclip_1.default = _default;
 
-       var bboxClip_1 = createCommonjsModule(function (module, exports) {
-       var __importStar = (commonjsGlobal && commonjsGlobal.__importStar) || function (mod) {
-           if (mod && mod.__esModule) return mod;
-           var result = {};
-           if (mod != null) for (var k in mod) if (Object.hasOwnProperty.call(mod, k)) result[k] = mod[k];
-           result["default"] = mod;
-           return result;
-       };
-       Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+           for (var i = 0; i < ids.length - 1; i++) {
+             for (var j = i + 1; j < ids.length; j++) {
+               var path1 = graph.childNodes(graph.entity(ids[i])).map(function (e) {
+                 return e.loc;
+               });
+               var path2 = graph.childNodes(graph.entity(ids[j])).map(function (e) {
+                 return e.loc;
+               });
+               var intersections = geoPathIntersections(path1, path2); // Check if intersections are just nodes lying on top of
+               // each other/the line, as opposed to crossing it
 
+               var common = utilArrayIntersection(joined[0].nodes.map(function (n) {
+                 return n.loc.toString();
+               }), intersections.map(function (n) {
+                 return n.toString();
+               }));
 
-       var lineclip = __importStar(lineclip_1);
-       /**
-        * Takes a {@link Feature} and a bbox and clips the feature to the bbox using
-        * [lineclip](https://github.com/mapbox/lineclip).
-        * May result in degenerate edges when clipping Polygons.
-        *
-        * @name bboxClip
-        * @param {Feature<LineString|MultiLineString|Polygon|MultiPolygon>} feature feature to clip to the bbox
-        * @param {BBox} bbox extent in [minX, minY, maxX, maxY] order
-        * @returns {Feature<LineString|MultiLineString|Polygon|MultiPolygon>} clipped Feature
-        * @example
-        * var bbox = [0, 0, 10, 10];
-        * var poly = turf.polygon([[[2, 2], [8, 4], [12, 8], [3, 7], [2, 2]]]);
-        *
-        * var clipped = turf.bboxClip(poly, bbox);
-        *
-        * //addToMap
-        * var addToMap = [bbox, poly, clipped]
-        */
-       function bboxClip(feature, bbox) {
-           var geom = invariant.getGeom(feature);
-           var type = geom.type;
-           var properties = feature.type === "Feature" ? feature.properties : {};
-           var coords = geom.coordinates;
-           switch (type) {
-               case "LineString":
-               case "MultiLineString":
-                   var lines_1 = [];
-                   if (type === "LineString") {
-                       coords = [coords];
-                   }
-                   coords.forEach(function (line) {
-                       lineclip.polyline(line, bbox, lines_1);
-                   });
-                   if (lines_1.length === 1) {
-                       return helpers$1.lineString(lines_1[0], properties);
-                   }
-                   return helpers$1.multiLineString(lines_1, properties);
-               case "Polygon":
-                   return helpers$1.polygon(clipPolygon(coords, bbox), properties);
-               case "MultiPolygon":
-                   return helpers$1.multiPolygon(coords.map(function (poly) {
-                       return clipPolygon(poly, bbox);
-                   }), properties);
-               default:
-                   throw new Error("geometry " + type + " not supported");
-           }
-       }
-       exports.default = bboxClip;
-       function clipPolygon(rings, bbox) {
-           var outRings = [];
-           for (var _i = 0, rings_1 = rings; _i < rings_1.length; _i++) {
-               var ring = rings_1[_i];
-               var clipped = lineclip.polygon(ring, bbox);
-               if (clipped.length > 0) {
-                   if (clipped[0][0] !== clipped[clipped.length - 1][0] || clipped[0][1] !== clipped[clipped.length - 1][1]) {
-                       clipped.push(clipped[0]);
-                   }
-                   if (clipped.length >= 4) {
-                       outRings.push(clipped);
-                   }
+               if (common.length !== intersections.length) {
+                 return 'paths_intersect';
                }
+             }
            }
-           return outRings;
-       }
-       });
 
-       var fastJsonStableStringify = function (data, opts) {
-           if (!opts) opts = {};
-           if (typeof opts === 'function') opts = { cmp: opts };
-           var cycles = (typeof opts.cycles === 'boolean') ? opts.cycles : false;
-
-           var cmp = opts.cmp && (function (f) {
-               return function (node) {
-                   return function (a, b) {
-                       var aobj = { key: a, value: node[a] };
-                       var bobj = { key: b, value: node[b] };
-                       return f(aobj, bobj);
-                   };
-               };
-           })(opts.cmp);
+           var nodeIds = joined[0].nodes.map(function (n) {
+             return n.id;
+           }).slice(1, -1);
+           var relation;
+           var tags = {};
+           var conflicting = false;
+           joined[0].forEach(function (way) {
+             var parents = graph.parentRelations(way);
+             parents.forEach(function (parent) {
+               if (parent.isRestriction() && parent.members.some(function (m) {
+                 return nodeIds.indexOf(m.id) >= 0;
+               })) {
+                 relation = parent;
+               }
+             });
 
-           var seen = [];
-           return (function stringify (node) {
-               if (node && node.toJSON && typeof node.toJSON === 'function') {
-                   node = node.toJSON();
+             for (var k in way.tags) {
+               if (!(k in tags)) {
+                 tags[k] = way.tags[k];
+               } else if (tags[k] && osmIsInterestingTag(k) && tags[k] !== way.tags[k]) {
+                 conflicting = true;
                }
+             }
+           });
 
-               if (node === undefined) return;
-               if (typeof node == 'number') return isFinite(node) ? '' + node : 'null';
-               if (typeof node !== 'object') return JSON.stringify(node);
+           if (relation) {
+             return 'restriction';
+           }
 
-               var i, out;
-               if (Array.isArray(node)) {
-                   out = '[';
-                   for (i = 0; i < node.length; i++) {
-                       if (i) out += ',';
-                       out += stringify(node[i]) || 'null';
-                   }
-                   return out + ']';
-               }
+           if (conflicting) {
+             return 'conflicting_tags';
+           }
+         };
 
-               if (node === null) return 'null';
+         return action;
+       }
 
-               if (seen.indexOf(node) !== -1) {
-                   if (cycles) return JSON.stringify('__cycle__');
-                   throw new TypeError('Converting circular structure to JSON');
-               }
+       function actionMerge(ids) {
+         function groupEntitiesByGeometry(graph) {
+           var entities = ids.map(function (id) {
+             return graph.entity(id);
+           });
+           return Object.assign({
+             point: [],
+             area: [],
+             line: [],
+             relation: []
+           }, utilArrayGroupBy(entities, function (entity) {
+             return entity.geometry(graph);
+           }));
+         }
+
+         var action = function action(graph) {
+           var geometries = groupEntitiesByGeometry(graph);
+           var target = geometries.area[0] || geometries.line[0];
+           var points = geometries.point;
+           points.forEach(function (point) {
+             target = target.mergeTags(point.tags);
+             graph = graph.replace(target);
+             graph.parentRelations(point).forEach(function (parent) {
+               graph = graph.replace(parent.replaceMember(point, target));
+             });
+             var nodes = utilArrayUniq(graph.childNodes(target));
+             var removeNode = point;
 
-               var seenIndex = seen.push(node) - 1;
-               var keys = Object.keys(node).sort(cmp && cmp(node));
-               out = '';
-               for (i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
-                   var key = keys[i];
-                   var value = stringify(node[key]);
+             for (var i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) {
+               var node = nodes[i];
+
+               if (graph.parentWays(node).length > 1 || graph.parentRelations(node).length || node.hasInterestingTags()) {
+                 continue;
+               } // Found an uninteresting child node on the target way.
+               // Move orig point into its place to preserve point's history. #3683
 
-                   if (!value) continue;
-                   if (out) out += ',';
-                   out += JSON.stringify(key) + ':' + value;
-               }
-               seen.splice(seenIndex, 1);
-               return '{' + out + '}';
-           })(data);
-       };
 
-       function DEFAULT_COMPARE (a, b) { return a > b ? 1 : a < b ? -1 : 0; }
+               graph = graph.replace(point.update({
+                 tags: {},
+                 loc: node.loc
+               }));
+               target = target.replaceNode(node.id, point.id);
+               graph = graph.replace(target);
+               removeNode = node;
+               break;
+             }
 
-       class SplayTree {
+             graph = graph.remove(removeNode);
+           });
 
-         constructor(compare = DEFAULT_COMPARE, noDuplicates = false) {
-           this._compare = compare;
-           this._root = null;
-           this._size = 0;
-           this._noDuplicates = !!noDuplicates;
-         }
+           if (target.tags.area === 'yes') {
+             var tags = Object.assign({}, target.tags); // shallow copy
 
+             delete tags.area;
 
-         rotateLeft(x) {
-           var y = x.right;
-           if (y) {
-             x.right = y.left;
-             if (y.left) y.left.parent = x;
-             y.parent = x.parent;
+             if (osmTagSuggestingArea(tags)) {
+               // remove the `area` tag if area geometry is now implied - #3851
+               target = target.update({
+                 tags: tags
+               });
+               graph = graph.replace(target);
+             }
            }
 
-           if (!x.parent)                this._root = y;
-           else if (x === x.parent.left) x.parent.left = y;
-           else                          x.parent.right = y;
-           if (y) y.left = x;
-           x.parent = y;
-         }
+           return graph;
+         };
 
+         action.disabled = function (graph) {
+           var geometries = groupEntitiesByGeometry(graph);
 
-         rotateRight(x) {
-           var y = x.left;
-           if (y) {
-             x.left = y.right;
-             if (y.right) y.right.parent = x;
-             y.parent = x.parent;
+           if (geometries.point.length === 0 || geometries.area.length + geometries.line.length !== 1 || geometries.relation.length !== 0) {
+             return 'not_eligible';
            }
+         };
 
-           if (!x.parent)               this._root = y;
-           else if(x === x.parent.left) x.parent.left = y;
-           else                         x.parent.right = y;
-           if (y) y.right = x;
-           x.parent = y;
-         }
+         return action;
+       }
+
+       //
+       // 1. move all the nodes to a common location
+       // 2. `actionConnect` them
 
+       function actionMergeNodes(nodeIDs, loc) {
+         // If there is a single "interesting" node, use that as the location.
+         // Otherwise return the average location of all the nodes.
+         function chooseLoc(graph) {
+           if (!nodeIDs.length) return null;
+           var sum = [0, 0];
+           var interestingCount = 0;
+           var interestingLoc;
 
-         _splay(x) {
-           while (x.parent) {
-             var p = x.parent;
-             if (!p.parent) {
-               if (p.left === x) this.rotateRight(p);
-               else              this.rotateLeft(p);
-             } else if (p.left === x && p.parent.left === p) {
-               this.rotateRight(p.parent);
-               this.rotateRight(p);
-             } else if (p.right === x && p.parent.right === p) {
-               this.rotateLeft(p.parent);
-               this.rotateLeft(p);
-             } else if (p.left === x && p.parent.right === p) {
-               this.rotateRight(p);
-               this.rotateLeft(p);
-             } else {
-               this.rotateLeft(p);
-               this.rotateRight(p);
+           for (var i = 0; i < nodeIDs.length; i++) {
+             var node = graph.entity(nodeIDs[i]);
+
+             if (node.hasInterestingTags()) {
+               interestingLoc = ++interestingCount === 1 ? node.loc : null;
              }
+
+             sum = geoVecAdd(sum, node.loc);
            }
+
+           return interestingLoc || geoVecScale(sum, 1 / nodeIDs.length);
          }
 
+         var action = function action(graph) {
+           if (nodeIDs.length < 2) return graph;
+           var toLoc = loc;
 
-         splay(x) {
-           var p, gp, ggp, l, r;
+           if (!toLoc) {
+             toLoc = chooseLoc(graph);
+           }
 
-           while (x.parent) {
-             p = x.parent;
-             gp = p.parent;
+           for (var i = 0; i < nodeIDs.length; i++) {
+             var node = graph.entity(nodeIDs[i]);
 
-             if (gp && gp.parent) {
-               ggp = gp.parent;
-               if (ggp.left === gp) ggp.left  = x;
-               else                 ggp.right = x;
-               x.parent = ggp;
-             } else {
-               x.parent = null;
-               this._root = x;
+             if (node.loc !== toLoc) {
+               graph = graph.replace(node.move(toLoc));
              }
+           }
 
-             l = x.left; r = x.right;
-
-             if (x === p.left) { // left
-               if (gp) {
-                 if (gp.left === p) {
-                   /* zig-zig */
-                   if (p.right) {
-                     gp.left = p.right;
-                     gp.left.parent = gp;
-                   } else gp.left = null;
+           return actionConnect(nodeIDs)(graph);
+         };
 
-                   p.right   = gp;
-                   gp.parent = p;
-                 } else {
-                   /* zig-zag */
-                   if (l) {
-                     gp.right = l;
-                     l.parent = gp;
-                   } else gp.right = null;
-
-                   x.left    = gp;
-                   gp.parent = x;
-                 }
-               }
-               if (r) {
-                 p.left = r;
-                 r.parent = p;
-               } else p.left = null;
-
-               x.right  = p;
-               p.parent = x;
-             } else { // right
-               if (gp) {
-                 if (gp.right === p) {
-                   /* zig-zig */
-                   if (p.left) {
-                     gp.right = p.left;
-                     gp.right.parent = gp;
-                   } else gp.right = null;
-
-                   p.left = gp;
-                   gp.parent = p;
-                 } else {
-                   /* zig-zag */
-                   if (r) {
-                     gp.left = r;
-                     r.parent = gp;
-                   } else gp.left = null;
-
-                   x.right   = gp;
-                   gp.parent = x;
-                 }
-               }
-               if (l) {
-                 p.right = l;
-                 l.parent = p;
-               } else p.right = null;
+         action.disabled = function (graph) {
+           if (nodeIDs.length < 2) return 'not_eligible';
 
-               x.left   = p;
-               p.parent = x;
-             }
+           for (var i = 0; i < nodeIDs.length; i++) {
+             var entity = graph.entity(nodeIDs[i]);
+             if (entity.type !== 'node') return 'not_eligible';
            }
-         }
 
+           return actionConnect(nodeIDs).disabled(graph);
+         };
+
+         return action;
+       }
 
-         replace(u, v) {
-           if (!u.parent) this._root = v;
-           else if (u === u.parent.left) u.parent.left = v;
-           else u.parent.right = v;
-           if (v) v.parent = u.parent;
+       function osmChangeset() {
+         if (!(this instanceof osmChangeset)) {
+           return new osmChangeset().initialize(arguments);
+         } else if (arguments.length) {
+           this.initialize(arguments);
          }
+       }
+       osmEntity.changeset = osmChangeset;
+       osmChangeset.prototype = Object.create(osmEntity.prototype);
+       Object.assign(osmChangeset.prototype, {
+         type: 'changeset',
+         extent: function extent() {
+           return new geoExtent();
+         },
+         geometry: function geometry() {
+           return 'changeset';
+         },
+         asJXON: function asJXON() {
+           return {
+             osm: {
+               changeset: {
+                 tag: Object.keys(this.tags).map(function (k) {
+                   return {
+                     '@k': k,
+                     '@v': this.tags[k]
+                   };
+                 }, this),
+                 '@version': 0.6,
+                 '@generator': 'iD'
+               }
+             }
+           };
+         },
+         // Generate [osmChange](http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/OsmChange)
+         // XML. Returns a string.
+         osmChangeJXON: function osmChangeJXON(changes) {
+           var changeset_id = this.id;
 
+           function nest(x, order) {
+             var groups = {};
 
-         minNode(u = this._root) {
-           if (u) while (u.left) u = u.left;
-           return u;
-         }
+             for (var i = 0; i < x.length; i++) {
+               var tagName = Object.keys(x[i])[0];
+               if (!groups[tagName]) groups[tagName] = [];
+               groups[tagName].push(x[i][tagName]);
+             }
 
+             var ordered = {};
+             order.forEach(function (o) {
+               if (groups[o]) ordered[o] = groups[o];
+             });
+             return ordered;
+           } // sort relations in a changeset by dependencies
 
-         maxNode(u = this._root) {
-           if (u) while (u.right) u = u.right;
-           return u;
-         }
 
+           function sort(changes) {
+             // find a referenced relation in the current changeset
+             function resolve(item) {
+               return relations.find(function (relation) {
+                 return item.keyAttributes.type === 'relation' && item.keyAttributes.ref === relation['@id'];
+               });
+             } // a new item is an item that has not been already processed
 
-         insert(key, data) {
-           var z = this._root;
-           var p = null;
-           var comp = this._compare;
-           var cmp;
 
-           if (this._noDuplicates) {
-             while (z) {
-               p = z;
-               cmp = comp(z.key, key);
-               if (cmp === 0) return;
-               else if (comp(z.key, key) < 0) z = z.right;
-               else z = z.left;
+             function isNew(item) {
+               return !sorted[item['@id']] && !processing.find(function (proc) {
+                 return proc['@id'] === item['@id'];
+               });
              }
-           } else {
-             while (z) {
-               p = z;
-               if (comp(z.key, key) < 0) z = z.right;
-               else z = z.left;
+
+             var processing = [];
+             var sorted = {};
+             var relations = changes.relation;
+             if (!relations) return changes;
+
+             for (var i = 0; i < relations.length; i++) {
+               var relation = relations[i]; // skip relation if already sorted
+
+               if (!sorted[relation['@id']]) {
+                 processing.push(relation);
+               }
+
+               while (processing.length > 0) {
+                 var next = processing[0],
+                     deps = next.member.map(resolve).filter(Boolean).filter(isNew);
+
+                 if (deps.length === 0) {
+                   sorted[next['@id']] = next;
+                   processing.shift();
+                 } else {
+                   processing = deps.concat(processing);
+                 }
+               }
              }
+
+             changes.relation = Object.values(sorted);
+             return changes;
            }
 
-           z = { key, data, left: null, right: null, parent: p };
+           function rep(entity) {
+             return entity.asJXON(changeset_id);
+           }
 
-           if (!p)                          this._root = z;
-           else if (comp(p.key, z.key) < 0) p.right = z;
-           else                             p.left  = z;
+           return {
+             osmChange: {
+               '@version': 0.6,
+               '@generator': 'iD',
+               'create': sort(nest(changes.created.map(rep), ['node', 'way', 'relation'])),
+               'modify': nest(changes.modified.map(rep), ['node', 'way', 'relation']),
+               'delete': Object.assign(nest(changes.deleted.map(rep), ['relation', 'way', 'node']), {
+                 '@if-unused': true
+               })
+             }
+           };
+         },
+         asGeoJSON: function asGeoJSON() {
+           return {};
+         }
+       });
 
-           this.splay(z);
-           this._size++;
-           return z;
+       function osmNote() {
+         if (!(this instanceof osmNote)) {
+           return new osmNote().initialize(arguments);
+         } else if (arguments.length) {
+           this.initialize(arguments);
          }
+       }
 
+       osmNote.id = function () {
+         return osmNote.id.next--;
+       };
 
-         find (key) {
-           var z    = this._root;
-           var comp = this._compare;
-           while (z) {
-             var cmp = comp(z.key, key);
-             if      (cmp < 0) z = z.right;
-             else if (cmp > 0) z = z.left;
-             else              return z;
+       osmNote.id.next = -1;
+       Object.assign(osmNote.prototype, {
+         type: 'note',
+         initialize: function initialize(sources) {
+           for (var i = 0; i < sources.length; ++i) {
+             var source = sources[i];
+
+             for (var prop in source) {
+               if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, prop)) {
+                 if (source[prop] === undefined) {
+                   delete this[prop];
+                 } else {
+                   this[prop] = source[prop];
+                 }
+               }
+             }
            }
-           return null;
-         }
 
-         /**
-          * Whether the tree contains a node with the given key
-          * @param  {Key} key
-          * @return {boolean} true/false
-          */
-         contains (key) {
-           var node       = this._root;
-           var comparator = this._compare;
-           while (node)  {
-             var cmp = comparator(key, node.key);
-             if      (cmp === 0) return true;
-             else if (cmp < 0)   node = node.left;
-             else                node = node.right;
+           if (!this.id) {
+             this.id = osmNote.id().toString();
            }
 
-           return false;
+           return this;
+         },
+         extent: function extent() {
+           return new geoExtent(this.loc);
+         },
+         update: function update(attrs) {
+           return osmNote(this, attrs); // {v: 1 + (this.v || 0)}
+         },
+         isNew: function isNew() {
+           return this.id < 0;
+         },
+         move: function move(loc) {
+           return this.update({
+             loc: loc
+           });
          }
+       });
 
+       function osmRelation() {
+         if (!(this instanceof osmRelation)) {
+           return new osmRelation().initialize(arguments);
+         } else if (arguments.length) {
+           this.initialize(arguments);
+         }
+       }
+       osmEntity.relation = osmRelation;
+       osmRelation.prototype = Object.create(osmEntity.prototype);
 
-         remove (key) {
-           var z = this.find(key);
+       osmRelation.creationOrder = function (a, b) {
+         var aId = parseInt(osmEntity.id.toOSM(a.id), 10);
+         var bId = parseInt(osmEntity.id.toOSM(b.id), 10);
+         if (aId < 0 || bId < 0) return aId - bId;
+         return bId - aId;
+       };
 
-           if (!z) return false;
+       Object.assign(osmRelation.prototype, {
+         type: 'relation',
+         members: [],
+         copy: function copy(resolver, copies) {
+           if (copies[this.id]) return copies[this.id];
+           var copy = osmEntity.prototype.copy.call(this, resolver, copies);
+           var members = this.members.map(function (member) {
+             return Object.assign({}, member, {
+               id: resolver.entity(member.id).copy(resolver, copies).id
+             });
+           });
+           copy = copy.update({
+             members: members
+           });
+           copies[this.id] = copy;
+           return copy;
+         },
+         extent: function extent(resolver, memo) {
+           return resolver["transient"](this, 'extent', function () {
+             if (memo && memo[this.id]) return geoExtent();
+             memo = memo || {};
+             memo[this.id] = true;
+             var extent = geoExtent();
 
-           this.splay(z);
+             for (var i = 0; i < this.members.length; i++) {
+               var member = resolver.hasEntity(this.members[i].id);
 
-           if (!z.left) this.replace(z, z.right);
-           else if (!z.right) this.replace(z, z.left);
-           else {
-             var y = this.minNode(z.right);
-             if (y.parent !== z) {
-               this.replace(y, y.right);
-               y.right = z.right;
-               y.right.parent = y;
+               if (member) {
+                 extent._extend(member.extent(resolver, memo));
+               }
              }
-             this.replace(z, y);
-             y.left = z.left;
-             y.left.parent = y;
+
+             return extent;
+           });
+         },
+         geometry: function geometry(graph) {
+           return graph["transient"](this, 'geometry', function () {
+             return this.isMultipolygon() ? 'area' : 'relation';
+           });
+         },
+         isDegenerate: function isDegenerate() {
+           return this.members.length === 0;
+         },
+         // Return an array of members, each extended with an 'index' property whose value
+         // is the member index.
+         indexedMembers: function indexedMembers() {
+           var result = new Array(this.members.length);
+
+           for (var i = 0; i < this.members.length; i++) {
+             result[i] = Object.assign({}, this.members[i], {
+               index: i
+             });
            }
 
-           this._size--;
-           return true;
-         }
+           return result;
+         },
+         // Return the first member with the given role. A copy of the member object
+         // is returned, extended with an 'index' property whose value is the member index.
+         memberByRole: function memberByRole(role) {
+           for (var i = 0; i < this.members.length; i++) {
+             if (this.members[i].role === role) {
+               return Object.assign({}, this.members[i], {
+                 index: i
+               });
+             }
+           }
+         },
+         // Same as memberByRole, but returns all members with the given role
+         membersByRole: function membersByRole(role) {
+           var result = [];
+
+           for (var i = 0; i < this.members.length; i++) {
+             if (this.members[i].role === role) {
+               result.push(Object.assign({}, this.members[i], {
+                 index: i
+               }));
+             }
+           }
 
+           return result;
+         },
+         // Return the first member with the given id. A copy of the member object
+         // is returned, extended with an 'index' property whose value is the member index.
+         memberById: function memberById(id) {
+           for (var i = 0; i < this.members.length; i++) {
+             if (this.members[i].id === id) {
+               return Object.assign({}, this.members[i], {
+                 index: i
+               });
+             }
+           }
+         },
+         // Return the first member with the given id and role. A copy of the member object
+         // is returned, extended with an 'index' property whose value is the member index.
+         memberByIdAndRole: function memberByIdAndRole(id, role) {
+           for (var i = 0; i < this.members.length; i++) {
+             if (this.members[i].id === id && this.members[i].role === role) {
+               return Object.assign({}, this.members[i], {
+                 index: i
+               });
+             }
+           }
+         },
+         addMember: function addMember(member, index) {
+           var members = this.members.slice();
+           members.splice(index === undefined ? members.length : index, 0, member);
+           return this.update({
+             members: members
+           });
+         },
+         updateMember: function updateMember(member, index) {
+           var members = this.members.slice();
+           members.splice(index, 1, Object.assign({}, members[index], member));
+           return this.update({
+             members: members
+           });
+         },
+         removeMember: function removeMember(index) {
+           var members = this.members.slice();
+           members.splice(index, 1);
+           return this.update({
+             members: members
+           });
+         },
+         removeMembersWithID: function removeMembersWithID(id) {
+           var members = this.members.filter(function (m) {
+             return m.id !== id;
+           });
+           return this.update({
+             members: members
+           });
+         },
+         moveMember: function moveMember(fromIndex, toIndex) {
+           var members = this.members.slice();
+           members.splice(toIndex, 0, members.splice(fromIndex, 1)[0]);
+           return this.update({
+             members: members
+           });
+         },
+         // Wherever a member appears with id `needle.id`, replace it with a member
+         // with id `replacement.id`, type `replacement.type`, and the original role,
+         // By default, adding a duplicate member (by id and role) is prevented.
+         // Return an updated relation.
+         replaceMember: function replaceMember(needle, replacement, keepDuplicates) {
+           if (!this.memberById(needle.id)) return this;
+           var members = [];
+
+           for (var i = 0; i < this.members.length; i++) {
+             var member = this.members[i];
+
+             if (member.id !== needle.id) {
+               members.push(member);
+             } else if (keepDuplicates || !this.memberByIdAndRole(replacement.id, member.role)) {
+               members.push({
+                 id: replacement.id,
+                 type: replacement.type,
+                 role: member.role
+               });
+             }
+           }
 
-         removeNode(z) {
-           if (!z) return false;
+           return this.update({
+             members: members
+           });
+         },
+         asJXON: function asJXON(changeset_id) {
+           var r = {
+             relation: {
+               '@id': this.osmId(),
+               '@version': this.version || 0,
+               member: this.members.map(function (member) {
+                 return {
+                   keyAttributes: {
+                     type: member.type,
+                     role: member.role,
+                     ref: osmEntity.id.toOSM(member.id)
+                   }
+                 };
+               }, this),
+               tag: Object.keys(this.tags).map(function (k) {
+                 return {
+                   keyAttributes: {
+                     k: k,
+                     v: this.tags[k]
+                   }
+                 };
+               }, this)
+             }
+           };
 
-           this.splay(z);
+           if (changeset_id) {
+             r.relation['@changeset'] = changeset_id;
+           }
 
-           if (!z.left) this.replace(z, z.right);
-           else if (!z.right) this.replace(z, z.left);
-           else {
-             var y = this.minNode(z.right);
-             if (y.parent !== z) {
-               this.replace(y, y.right);
-               y.right = z.right;
-               y.right.parent = y;
+           return r;
+         },
+         asGeoJSON: function asGeoJSON(resolver) {
+           return resolver["transient"](this, 'GeoJSON', function () {
+             if (this.isMultipolygon()) {
+               return {
+                 type: 'MultiPolygon',
+                 coordinates: this.multipolygon(resolver)
+               };
+             } else {
+               return {
+                 type: 'FeatureCollection',
+                 properties: this.tags,
+                 features: this.members.map(function (member) {
+                   return Object.assign({
+                     role: member.role
+                   }, resolver.entity(member.id).asGeoJSON(resolver));
+                 })
+               };
+             }
+           });
+         },
+         area: function area(resolver) {
+           return resolver["transient"](this, 'area', function () {
+             return d3_geoArea(this.asGeoJSON(resolver));
+           });
+         },
+         isMultipolygon: function isMultipolygon() {
+           return this.tags.type === 'multipolygon';
+         },
+         isComplete: function isComplete(resolver) {
+           for (var i = 0; i < this.members.length; i++) {
+             if (!resolver.hasEntity(this.members[i].id)) {
+               return false;
              }
-             this.replace(z, y);
-             y.left = z.left;
-             y.left.parent = y;
            }
 
-           this._size--;
            return true;
-         }
-
-
-         erase (key) {
-           var z = this.find(key);
-           if (!z) return;
-
-           this.splay(z);
-
-           var s = z.left;
-           var t = z.right;
+         },
+         hasFromViaTo: function hasFromViaTo() {
+           return this.members.some(function (m) {
+             return m.role === 'from';
+           }) && this.members.some(function (m) {
+             return m.role === 'via';
+           }) && this.members.some(function (m) {
+             return m.role === 'to';
+           });
+         },
+         isRestriction: function isRestriction() {
+           return !!(this.tags.type && this.tags.type.match(/^restriction:?/));
+         },
+         isValidRestriction: function isValidRestriction() {
+           if (!this.isRestriction()) return false;
+           var froms = this.members.filter(function (m) {
+             return m.role === 'from';
+           });
+           var vias = this.members.filter(function (m) {
+             return m.role === 'via';
+           });
+           var tos = this.members.filter(function (m) {
+             return m.role === 'to';
+           });
+           if (froms.length !== 1 && this.tags.restriction !== 'no_entry') return false;
+           if (froms.some(function (m) {
+             return m.type !== 'way';
+           })) return false;
+           if (tos.length !== 1 && this.tags.restriction !== 'no_exit') return false;
+           if (tos.some(function (m) {
+             return m.type !== 'way';
+           })) return false;
+           if (vias.length === 0) return false;
+           if (vias.length > 1 && vias.some(function (m) {
+             return m.type !== 'way';
+           })) return false;
+           return true;
+         },
+         // Returns an array [A0, ... An], each Ai being an array of node arrays [Nds0, ... Ndsm],
+         // where Nds0 is an outer ring and subsequent Ndsi's (if any i > 0) being inner rings.
+         //
+         // This corresponds to the structure needed for rendering a multipolygon path using a
+         // `evenodd` fill rule, as well as the structure of a GeoJSON MultiPolygon geometry.
+         //
+         // In the case of invalid geometries, this function will still return a result which
+         // includes the nodes of all way members, but some Nds may be unclosed and some inner
+         // rings not matched with the intended outer ring.
+         //
+         multipolygon: function multipolygon(resolver) {
+           var outers = this.members.filter(function (m) {
+             return 'outer' === (m.role || 'outer');
+           });
+           var inners = this.members.filter(function (m) {
+             return 'inner' === m.role;
+           });
+           outers = osmJoinWays(outers, resolver);
+           inners = osmJoinWays(inners, resolver);
 
-           var sMax = null;
-           if (s) {
-             s.parent = null;
-             sMax = this.maxNode(s);
-             this.splay(sMax);
-             this._root = sMax;
-           }
-           if (t) {
-             if (s) sMax.right = t;
-             else   this._root = t;
-             t.parent = sMax;
-           }
+           var sequenceToLineString = function sequenceToLineString(sequence) {
+             if (sequence.nodes.length > 2 && sequence.nodes[0] !== sequence.nodes[sequence.nodes.length - 1]) {
+               // close unclosed parts to ensure correct area rendering - #2945
+               sequence.nodes.push(sequence.nodes[0]);
+             }
 
-           this._size--;
-         }
+             return sequence.nodes.map(function (node) {
+               return node.loc;
+             });
+           };
 
-         /**
-          * Removes and returns the node with smallest key
-          * @return {?Node}
-          */
-         pop () {
-           var node = this._root, returnValue = null;
-           if (node) {
-             while (node.left) node = node.left;
-             returnValue = { key: node.key, data: node.data };
-             this.remove(node.key);
-           }
-           return returnValue;
-         }
+           outers = outers.map(sequenceToLineString);
+           inners = inners.map(sequenceToLineString);
+           var result = outers.map(function (o) {
+             // Heuristic for detecting counterclockwise winding order. Assumes
+             // that OpenStreetMap polygons are not hemisphere-spanning.
+             return [d3_geoArea({
+               type: 'Polygon',
+               coordinates: [o]
+             }) > 2 * Math.PI ? o.reverse() : o];
+           });
 
+           function findOuter(inner) {
+             var o, outer;
 
-         /* eslint-disable class-methods-use-this */
+             for (o = 0; o < outers.length; o++) {
+               outer = outers[o];
 
-         /**
-          * Successor node
-          * @param  {Node} node
-          * @return {?Node}
-          */
-         next (node) {
-           var successor = node;
-           if (successor) {
-             if (successor.right) {
-               successor = successor.right;
-               while (successor && successor.left) successor = successor.left;
-             } else {
-               successor = node.parent;
-               while (successor && successor.right === node) {
-                 node = successor; successor = successor.parent;
+               if (geoPolygonContainsPolygon(outer, inner)) {
+                 return o;
                }
              }
-           }
-           return successor;
-         }
 
+             for (o = 0; o < outers.length; o++) {
+               outer = outers[o];
 
-         /**
-          * Predecessor node
-          * @param  {Node} node
-          * @return {?Node}
-          */
-         prev (node) {
-           var predecessor = node;
-           if (predecessor) {
-             if (predecessor.left) {
-               predecessor = predecessor.left;
-               while (predecessor && predecessor.right) predecessor = predecessor.right;
-             } else {
-               predecessor = node.parent;
-               while (predecessor && predecessor.left === node) {
-                 node = predecessor;
-                 predecessor = predecessor.parent;
+               if (geoPolygonIntersectsPolygon(outer, inner, false)) {
+                 return o;
                }
              }
            }
-           return predecessor;
-         }
-         /* eslint-enable class-methods-use-this */
 
+           for (var i = 0; i < inners.length; i++) {
+             var inner = inners[i];
 
-         /**
-          * @param  {forEachCallback} callback
-          * @return {SplayTree}
-          */
-         forEach(callback) {
-           var current = this._root;
-           var s = [], done = false, i = 0;
-
-           while (!done) {
-             // Reach the left most Node of the current Node
-             if (current) {
-               // Place pointer to a tree node on the stack
-               // before traversing the node's left subtree
-               s.push(current);
-               current = current.left;
-             } else {
-               // BackTrack from the empty subtree and visit the Node
-               // at the top of the stack; however, if the stack is
-               // empty you are done
-               if (s.length > 0) {
-                 current = s.pop();
-                 callback(current, i++);
-
-                 // We have visited the node and its left
-                 // subtree. Now, it's right subtree's turn
-                 current = current.right;
-               } else done = true;
+             if (d3_geoArea({
+               type: 'Polygon',
+               coordinates: [inner]
+             }) < 2 * Math.PI) {
+               inner = inner.reverse();
              }
-           }
-           return this;
-         }
-
 
-         /**
-          * Walk key range from `low` to `high`. Stops if `fn` returns a value.
-          * @param  {Key}      low
-          * @param  {Key}      high
-          * @param  {Function} fn
-          * @param  {*?}       ctx
-          * @return {SplayTree}
-          */
-         range(low, high, fn, ctx) {
-           const Q = [];
-           const compare = this._compare;
-           let node = this._root, cmp;
+             var o = findOuter(inners[i]);
 
-           while (Q.length !== 0 || node) {
-             if (node) {
-               Q.push(node);
-               node = node.left;
+             if (o !== undefined) {
+               result[o].push(inners[i]);
              } else {
-               node = Q.pop();
-               cmp = compare(node.key, high);
-               if (cmp > 0) {
-                 break;
-               } else if (compare(node.key, low) >= 0) {
-                 if (fn.call(ctx, node)) return this; // stop if smth is returned
-               }
-               node = node.right;
+               result.push([inners[i]]); // Invalid geometry
              }
            }
-           return this;
-         }
-
-         /**
-          * Returns all keys in order
-          * @return {Array<Key>}
-          */
-         keys () {
-           var current = this._root;
-           var s = [], r = [], done = false;
 
-           while (!done) {
-             if (current) {
-               s.push(current);
-               current = current.left;
-             } else {
-               if (s.length > 0) {
-                 current = s.pop();
-                 r.push(current.key);
-                 current = current.right;
-               } else done = true;
-             }
-           }
-           return r;
+           return result;
          }
+       });
 
+       var QAItem = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
+         function QAItem(loc, service, itemType, id, props) {
+           _classCallCheck$1(this, QAItem);
 
-         /**
-          * Returns `data` fields of all nodes in order.
-          * @return {Array<Value>}
-          */
-         values () {
-           var current = this._root;
-           var s = [], r = [], done = false;
+           // Store required properties
+           this.loc = loc;
+           this.service = service.title;
+           this.itemType = itemType; // All issues must have an ID for selection, use generic if none specified
 
-           while (!done) {
-             if (current) {
-               s.push(current);
-               current = current.left;
-             } else {
-               if (s.length > 0) {
-                 current = s.pop();
-                 r.push(current.data);
-                 current = current.right;
-               } else done = true;
-             }
+           this.id = id ? id : "".concat(QAItem.id());
+           this.update(props); // Some QA services have marker icons to differentiate issues
+
+           if (service && typeof service.getIcon === 'function') {
+             this.icon = service.getIcon(itemType);
            }
-           return r;
          }
 
+         _createClass$1(QAItem, [{
+           key: "update",
+           value: function update(props) {
+             var _this = this;
 
-         /**
-          * Returns node at given index
-          * @param  {number} index
-          * @return {?Node}
-          */
-         at (index) {
-           // removed after a consideration, more misleading than useful
-           // index = index % this.size;
-           // if (index < 0) index = this.size - index;
-
-           var current = this._root;
-           var s = [], done = false, i = 0;
+             // You can't override this initial information
+             var loc = this.loc,
+                 service = this.service,
+                 itemType = this.itemType,
+                 id = this.id;
+             Object.keys(props).forEach(function (prop) {
+               return _this[prop] = props[prop];
+             });
+             this.loc = loc;
+             this.service = service;
+             this.itemType = itemType;
+             this.id = id;
+             return this;
+           } // Generic handling for newly created QAItems
 
-           while (!done) {
-             if (current) {
-               s.push(current);
-               current = current.left;
-             } else {
-               if (s.length > 0) {
-                 current = s.pop();
-                 if (i === index) return current;
-                 i++;
-                 current = current.right;
-               } else done = true;
-             }
+         }], [{
+           key: "id",
+           value: function id() {
+             return this.nextId--;
            }
-           return null;
-         }
-
-         /**
-          * Bulk-load items. Both array have to be same size
-          * @param  {Array<Key>}    keys
-          * @param  {Array<Value>}  [values]
-          * @param  {Boolean}       [presort=false] Pre-sort keys and values, using
-          *                                         tree's comparator. Sorting is done
-          *                                         in-place
-          * @return {AVLTree}
-          */
-         load(keys = [], values = [], presort = false) {
-           if (this._size !== 0) throw new Error('bulk-load: tree is not empty');
-           const size = keys.length;
-           if (presort) sort(keys, values, 0, size - 1, this._compare);
-           this._root = loadRecursive(null, keys, values, 0, size);
-           this._size = size;
-           return this;
-         }
+         }]);
 
+         return QAItem;
+       }();
+       QAItem.nextId = -1;
 
-         min() {
-           var node = this.minNode(this._root);
-           if (node) return node.key;
-           else      return null;
-         }
+       //
+       // Optionally, split only the given ways, if multiple ways share
+       // the given node.
+       //
+       // This is the inverse of `iD.actionJoin`.
+       //
+       // For testing convenience, accepts an ID to assign to the new way.
+       // Normally, this will be undefined and the way will automatically
+       // be assigned a new ID.
+       //
+       // Reference:
+       //   https://github.com/systemed/potlatch2/blob/master/net/systemeD/halcyon/connection/actions/SplitWayAction.as
+       //
 
+       function actionSplit(nodeIds, newWayIds) {
+         // accept single ID for backwards-compatiblity
+         if (typeof nodeIds === 'string') nodeIds = [nodeIds];
 
-         max() {
-           var node = this.maxNode(this._root);
-           if (node) return node.key;
-           else      return null;
-         }
+         var _wayIDs; // the strategy for picking which way will have a new version and which way is newly created
 
-         isEmpty() { return this._root === null; }
-         get size() { return this._size; }
 
+         var _keepHistoryOn = 'longest'; // 'longest', 'first'
+         // The IDs of the ways actually created by running this action
 
-         /**
-          * Create a tree and load it with items
-          * @param  {Array<Key>}          keys
-          * @param  {Array<Value>?}        [values]
-
-          * @param  {Function?}            [comparator]
-          * @param  {Boolean?}             [presort=false] Pre-sort keys and values, using
-          *                                               tree's comparator. Sorting is done
-          *                                               in-place
-          * @param  {Boolean?}             [noDuplicates=false]   Allow duplicates
-          * @return {SplayTree}
-          */
-         static createTree(keys, values, comparator, presort, noDuplicates) {
-           return new SplayTree(comparator, noDuplicates).load(keys, values, presort);
-         }
-       }
+         var _createdWayIDs = [];
 
+         function dist(graph, nA, nB) {
+           var locA = graph.entity(nA).loc;
+           var locB = graph.entity(nB).loc;
+           var epsilon = 1e-6;
+           return locA && locB ? geoSphericalDistance(locA, locB) : epsilon;
+         } // If the way is closed, we need to search for a partner node
+         // to split the way at.
+         //
+         // The following looks for a node that is both far away from
+         // the initial node in terms of way segment length and nearby
+         // in terms of beeline-distance. This assures that areas get
+         // split on the most "natural" points (independent of the number
+         // of nodes).
+         // For example: bone-shaped areas get split across their waist
+         // line, circles across the diameter.
+
+
+         function splitArea(nodes, idxA, graph) {
+           var lengths = new Array(nodes.length);
+           var length;
+           var i;
+           var best = 0;
+           var idxB;
 
-       function loadRecursive (parent, keys, values, start, end) {
-         const size = end - start;
-         if (size > 0) {
-           const middle = start + Math.floor(size / 2);
-           const key    = keys[middle];
-           const data   = values[middle];
-           const node   = { key, data, parent };
-           node.left    = loadRecursive(node, keys, values, start, middle);
-           node.right   = loadRecursive(node, keys, values, middle + 1, end);
-           return node;
-         }
-         return null;
-       }
+           function wrap(index) {
+             return utilWrap(index, nodes.length);
+           } // calculate lengths
 
 
-       function sort(keys, values, left, right, compare) {
-         if (left >= right) return;
+           length = 0;
 
-         const pivot = keys[(left + right) >> 1];
-         let i = left - 1;
-         let j = right + 1;
+           for (i = wrap(idxA + 1); i !== idxA; i = wrap(i + 1)) {
+             length += dist(graph, nodes[i], nodes[wrap(i - 1)]);
+             lengths[i] = length;
+           }
 
-         while (true) {
-           do i++; while (compare(keys[i], pivot) < 0);
-           do j--; while (compare(keys[j], pivot) > 0);
-           if (i >= j) break;
+           length = 0;
 
-           let tmp = keys[i];
-           keys[i] = keys[j];
-           keys[j] = tmp;
+           for (i = wrap(idxA - 1); i !== idxA; i = wrap(i - 1)) {
+             length += dist(graph, nodes[i], nodes[wrap(i + 1)]);
 
-           tmp = values[i];
-           values[i] = values[j];
-           values[j] = tmp;
-         }
+             if (length < lengths[i]) {
+               lengths[i] = length;
+             }
+           } // determine best opposite node to split
 
-         sort(keys, values,  left,     j, compare);
-         sort(keys, values, j + 1, right, compare);
-       }
 
-       const NORMAL               = 0;
-       const NON_CONTRIBUTING     = 1;
-       const SAME_TRANSITION      = 2;
-       const DIFFERENT_TRANSITION = 3;
+           for (i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) {
+             var cost = lengths[i] / dist(graph, nodes[idxA], nodes[i]);
 
-       const INTERSECTION = 0;
-       const UNION        = 1;
-       const DIFFERENCE   = 2;
-       const XOR          = 3;
+             if (cost > best) {
+               idxB = i;
+               best = cost;
+             }
+           }
 
-       /**
-        * @param  {SweepEvent} event
-        * @param  {SweepEvent} prev
-        * @param  {Operation} operation
-        */
-       function computeFields (event, prev, operation) {
-         // compute inOut and otherInOut fields
-         if (prev === null) {
-           event.inOut      = false;
-           event.otherInOut = true;
+           return idxB;
+         }
 
-         // previous line segment in sweepline belongs to the same polygon
-         } else {
-           if (event.isSubject === prev.isSubject) {
-             event.inOut      = !prev.inOut;
-             event.otherInOut = prev.otherInOut;
+         function totalLengthBetweenNodes(graph, nodes) {
+           var totalLength = 0;
 
-           // previous line segment in sweepline belongs to the clipping polygon
-           } else {
-             event.inOut      = !prev.otherInOut;
-             event.otherInOut = prev.isVertical() ? !prev.inOut : prev.inOut;
+           for (var i = 0; i < nodes.length - 1; i++) {
+             totalLength += dist(graph, nodes[i], nodes[i + 1]);
            }
 
-           // compute prevInResult field
-           if (prev) {
-             event.prevInResult = (!inResult(prev, operation) || prev.isVertical())
-               ? prev.prevInResult : prev;
-           }
+           return totalLength;
          }
 
-         // check if the line segment belongs to the Boolean operation
-         let isInResult = inResult(event, operation);
-         if (isInResult) {
-           event.resultTransition = determineResultTransition(event, operation);
-         } else {
-           event.resultTransition = 0;
-         }
-       }
-
-
-       /* eslint-disable indent */
-       function inResult(event, operation) {
-         switch (event.type) {
-           case NORMAL:
-             switch (operation) {
-               case INTERSECTION:
-                 return !event.otherInOut;
-               case UNION:
-                 return event.otherInOut;
-               case DIFFERENCE:
-                 // return (event.isSubject && !event.otherInOut) ||
-                 //         (!event.isSubject && event.otherInOut);
-                 return (event.isSubject && event.otherInOut) ||
-                         (!event.isSubject && !event.otherInOut);
-               case XOR:
-                 return true;
-             }
-             break;
-           case SAME_TRANSITION:
-             return operation === INTERSECTION || operation === UNION;
-           case DIFFERENT_TRANSITION:
-             return operation === DIFFERENCE;
-           case NON_CONTRIBUTING:
-             return false;
-         }
-         return false;
-       }
-       /* eslint-enable indent */
+         function split(graph, nodeId, wayA, newWayId) {
+           var wayB = osmWay({
+             id: newWayId,
+             tags: wayA.tags
+           }); // `wayB` is the NEW way
 
+           var origNodes = wayA.nodes.slice();
+           var nodesA;
+           var nodesB;
+           var isArea = wayA.isArea();
+           var isOuter = osmIsOldMultipolygonOuterMember(wayA, graph);
 
-       function determineResultTransition(event, operation) {
-         let thisIn = !event.inOut;
-         let thatIn = !event.otherInOut;
+           if (wayA.isClosed()) {
+             var nodes = wayA.nodes.slice(0, -1);
+             var idxA = nodes.indexOf(nodeId);
+             var idxB = splitArea(nodes, idxA, graph);
 
-         let isIn;
-         switch (operation) {
-           case INTERSECTION:
-             isIn = thisIn && thatIn; break;
-           case UNION:
-             isIn = thisIn || thatIn; break;
-           case XOR:
-             isIn = thisIn ^ thatIn; break;
-           case DIFFERENCE:
-             if (event.isSubject) {
-               isIn = thisIn && !thatIn;
+             if (idxB < idxA) {
+               nodesA = nodes.slice(idxA).concat(nodes.slice(0, idxB + 1));
+               nodesB = nodes.slice(idxB, idxA + 1);
              } else {
-               isIn = thatIn && !thisIn;
+               nodesA = nodes.slice(idxA, idxB + 1);
+               nodesB = nodes.slice(idxB).concat(nodes.slice(0, idxA + 1));
              }
-             break;
-         }
-         return isIn ? +1 : -1;
-       }
-
-       class SweepEvent {
-
-
-         /**
-          * Sweepline event
-          *
-          * @class {SweepEvent}
-          * @param {Array.<Number>}  point
-          * @param {Boolean}         left
-          * @param {SweepEvent=}     otherEvent
-          * @param {Boolean}         isSubject
-          * @param {Number}          edgeType
-          */
-         constructor (point, left, otherEvent, isSubject, edgeType) {
-
-           /**
-            * Is left endpoint?
-            * @type {Boolean}
-            */
-           this.left = left;
+           } else {
+             var idx = wayA.nodes.indexOf(nodeId, 1);
+             nodesA = wayA.nodes.slice(0, idx + 1);
+             nodesB = wayA.nodes.slice(idx);
+           }
 
-           /**
-            * @type {Array.<Number>}
-            */
-           this.point = point;
+           var lengthA = totalLengthBetweenNodes(graph, nodesA);
+           var lengthB = totalLengthBetweenNodes(graph, nodesB);
 
-           /**
-            * Other edge reference
-            * @type {SweepEvent}
-            */
-           this.otherEvent = otherEvent;
+           if (_keepHistoryOn === 'longest' && lengthB > lengthA) {
+             // keep the history on the longer way, regardless of the node count
+             wayA = wayA.update({
+               nodes: nodesB
+             });
+             wayB = wayB.update({
+               nodes: nodesA
+             });
+             var temp = lengthA;
+             lengthA = lengthB;
+             lengthB = temp;
+           } else {
+             wayA = wayA.update({
+               nodes: nodesA
+             });
+             wayB = wayB.update({
+               nodes: nodesB
+             });
+           }
 
-           /**
-            * Belongs to source or clipping polygon
-            * @type {Boolean}
-            */
-           this.isSubject = isSubject;
+           if (wayA.tags.step_count) {
+             // divide up the the step count proportionally between the two ways
+             var stepCount = parseFloat(wayA.tags.step_count);
+
+             if (stepCount && // ensure a number
+             isFinite(stepCount) && // ensure positive
+             stepCount > 0 && // ensure integer
+             Math.round(stepCount) === stepCount) {
+               var tagsA = Object.assign({}, wayA.tags);
+               var tagsB = Object.assign({}, wayB.tags);
+               var ratioA = lengthA / (lengthA + lengthB);
+               var countA = Math.round(stepCount * ratioA);
+               tagsA.step_count = countA.toString();
+               tagsB.step_count = (stepCount - countA).toString();
+               wayA = wayA.update({
+                 tags: tagsA
+               });
+               wayB = wayB.update({
+                 tags: tagsB
+               });
+             }
+           }
 
-           /**
-            * Edge contribution type
-            * @type {Number}
-            */
-           this.type = edgeType || NORMAL;
+           graph = graph.replace(wayA);
+           graph = graph.replace(wayB);
+           graph.parentRelations(wayA).forEach(function (relation) {
+             var member; // Turn restrictions - make sure:
+             // 1. Splitting a FROM/TO way - only `wayA` OR `wayB` remains in relation
+             //    (whichever one is connected to the VIA node/ways)
+             // 2. Splitting a VIA way - `wayB` remains in relation as a VIA way
 
+             if (relation.hasFromViaTo()) {
+               var f = relation.memberByRole('from');
+               var v = relation.membersByRole('via');
+               var t = relation.memberByRole('to');
+               var i; // 1. split a FROM/TO
 
-           /**
-            * In-out transition for the sweepline crossing polygon
-            * @type {Boolean}
-            */
-           this.inOut = false;
+               if (f.id === wayA.id || t.id === wayA.id) {
+                 var keepB = false;
 
+                 if (v.length === 1 && v[0].type === 'node') {
+                   // check via node
+                   keepB = wayB.contains(v[0].id);
+                 } else {
+                   // check via way(s)
+                   for (i = 0; i < v.length; i++) {
+                     if (v[i].type === 'way') {
+                       var wayVia = graph.hasEntity(v[i].id);
+
+                       if (wayVia && utilArrayIntersection(wayB.nodes, wayVia.nodes).length) {
+                         keepB = true;
+                         break;
+                       }
+                     }
+                   }
+                 }
 
-           /**
-            * @type {Boolean}
-            */
-           this.otherInOut = false;
+                 if (keepB) {
+                   relation = relation.replaceMember(wayA, wayB);
+                   graph = graph.replace(relation);
+                 } // 2. split a VIA
 
-           /**
-            * Previous event in result?
-            * @type {SweepEvent}
-            */
-           this.prevInResult = null;
+               } else {
+                 for (i = 0; i < v.length; i++) {
+                   if (v[i].type === 'way' && v[i].id === wayA.id) {
+                     member = {
+                       id: wayB.id,
+                       type: 'way',
+                       role: 'via'
+                     };
+                     graph = actionAddMember(relation.id, member, v[i].index + 1)(graph);
+                     break;
+                   }
+                 }
+               } // All other relations (Routes, Multipolygons, etc):
+               // 1. Both `wayA` and `wayB` remain in the relation
+               // 2. But must be inserted as a pair (see `actionAddMember` for details)
 
-           /**
-            * Type of result transition (0 = not in result, +1 = out-in, -1, in-out)
-            * @type {Number}
-            */
-           this.resultTransition = 0;
+             } else {
+               if (relation === isOuter) {
+                 graph = graph.replace(relation.mergeTags(wayA.tags));
+                 graph = graph.replace(wayA.update({
+                   tags: {}
+                 }));
+                 graph = graph.replace(wayB.update({
+                   tags: {}
+                 }));
+               }
 
-           // connection step
+               member = {
+                 id: wayB.id,
+                 type: 'way',
+                 role: relation.memberById(wayA.id).role
+               };
+               var insertPair = {
+                 originalID: wayA.id,
+                 insertedID: wayB.id,
+                 nodes: origNodes
+               };
+               graph = actionAddMember(relation.id, member, undefined, insertPair)(graph);
+             }
+           });
 
-           /**
-            * @type {Number}
-            */
-           this.otherPos = -1;
+           if (!isOuter && isArea) {
+             var multipolygon = osmRelation({
+               tags: Object.assign({}, wayA.tags, {
+                 type: 'multipolygon'
+               }),
+               members: [{
+                 id: wayA.id,
+                 role: 'outer',
+                 type: 'way'
+               }, {
+                 id: wayB.id,
+                 role: 'outer',
+                 type: 'way'
+               }]
+             });
+             graph = graph.replace(multipolygon);
+             graph = graph.replace(wayA.update({
+               tags: {}
+             }));
+             graph = graph.replace(wayB.update({
+               tags: {}
+             }));
+           }
 
-           /**
-            * @type {Number}
-            */
-           this.outputContourId = -1;
+           _createdWayIDs.push(wayB.id);
 
-           this.isExteriorRing = true;   // TODO: Looks unused, remove?
+           return graph;
          }
 
+         var action = function action(graph) {
+           _createdWayIDs = [];
+           var newWayIndex = 0;
 
-         /**
-          * @param  {Array.<Number>}  p
-          * @return {Boolean}
-          */
-         isBelow (p) {
-           const p0 = this.point, p1 = this.otherEvent.point;
-           return this.left
-             ? (p0[0] - p[0]) * (p1[1] - p[1]) - (p1[0] - p[0]) * (p0[1] - p[1]) > 0
-             // signedArea(this.point, this.otherEvent.point, p) > 0 :
-             : (p1[0] - p[0]) * (p0[1] - p[1]) - (p0[0] - p[0]) * (p1[1] - p[1]) > 0;
-             //signedArea(this.otherEvent.point, this.point, p) > 0;
-         }
+           for (var i = 0; i < nodeIds.length; i++) {
+             var nodeId = nodeIds[i];
+             var candidates = action.waysForNode(nodeId, graph);
 
+             for (var j = 0; j < candidates.length; j++) {
+               graph = split(graph, nodeId, candidates[j], newWayIds && newWayIds[newWayIndex]);
+               newWayIndex += 1;
+             }
+           }
 
-         /**
-          * @param  {Array.<Number>}  p
-          * @return {Boolean}
-          */
-         isAbove (p) {
-           return !this.isBelow(p);
-         }
+           return graph;
+         };
 
+         action.getCreatedWayIDs = function () {
+           return _createdWayIDs;
+         };
 
-         /**
-          * @return {Boolean}
-          */
-         isVertical () {
-           return this.point[0] === this.otherEvent.point[0];
-         }
+         action.waysForNode = function (nodeId, graph) {
+           var node = graph.entity(nodeId);
+           var splittableParents = graph.parentWays(node).filter(isSplittable);
 
+           if (!_wayIDs) {
+             // If the ways to split aren't specified, only split the lines.
+             // If there are no lines to split, split the areas.
+             var hasLine = splittableParents.some(function (parent) {
+               return parent.geometry(graph) === 'line';
+             });
 
-         /**
-          * Does event belong to result?
-          * @return {Boolean}
-          */
-         get inResult() {
-           return this.resultTransition !== 0;
-         }
+             if (hasLine) {
+               return splittableParents.filter(function (parent) {
+                 return parent.geometry(graph) === 'line';
+               });
+             }
+           }
 
+           return splittableParents;
 
-         clone () {
-           const copy = new SweepEvent(
-             this.point, this.left, this.otherEvent, this.isSubject, this.type);
+           function isSplittable(parent) {
+             // If the ways to split are specified, ignore everything else.
+             if (_wayIDs && _wayIDs.indexOf(parent.id) === -1) return false; // We can fake splitting closed ways at their endpoints...
 
-           copy.contourId        = this.contourId;
-           copy.resultTransition = this.resultTransition;
-           copy.prevInResult     = this.prevInResult;
-           copy.isExteriorRing   = this.isExteriorRing;
-           copy.inOut            = this.inOut;
-           copy.otherInOut       = this.otherInOut;
+             if (parent.isClosed()) return true; // otherwise, we can't split nodes at their endpoints.
 
-           return copy;
-         }
-       }
+             for (var i = 1; i < parent.nodes.length - 1; i++) {
+               if (parent.nodes[i] === nodeId) return true;
+             }
 
-       function equals(p1, p2) {
-         if (p1[0] === p2[0]) {
-           if (p1[1] === p2[1]) {
-             return true;
-           } else {
              return false;
            }
-         }
-         return false;
-       }
+         };
 
-       // const EPSILON = 1e-9;
-       // const abs = Math.abs;
-       // TODO https://github.com/w8r/martinez/issues/6#issuecomment-262847164
-       // Precision problem.
-       //
-       // module.exports = function equals(p1, p2) {
-       //   return abs(p1[0] - p2[0]) <= EPSILON && abs(p1[1] - p2[1]) <= EPSILON;
-       // };
+         action.ways = function (graph) {
+           return utilArrayUniq([].concat.apply([], nodeIds.map(function (nodeId) {
+             return action.waysForNode(nodeId, graph);
+           })));
+         };
 
-       const epsilon$1 = 1.1102230246251565e-16;
-       const splitter = 134217729;
-       const resulterrbound = (3 + 8 * epsilon$1) * epsilon$1;
-
-       // fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim routine from oritinal code
-       function sum$1(elen, e, flen, f, h) {
-           let Q, Qnew, hh, bvirt;
-           let enow = e[0];
-           let fnow = f[0];
-           let eindex = 0;
-           let findex = 0;
-           if ((fnow > enow) === (fnow > -enow)) {
-               Q = enow;
-               enow = e[++eindex];
-           } else {
-               Q = fnow;
-               fnow = f[++findex];
-           }
-           let hindex = 0;
-           if (eindex < elen && findex < flen) {
-               if ((fnow > enow) === (fnow > -enow)) {
-                   Qnew = enow + Q;
-                   hh = Q - (Qnew - enow);
-                   enow = e[++eindex];
-               } else {
-                   Qnew = fnow + Q;
-                   hh = Q - (Qnew - fnow);
-                   fnow = f[++findex];
-               }
-               Q = Qnew;
-               if (hh !== 0) {
-                   h[hindex++] = hh;
-               }
-               while (eindex < elen && findex < flen) {
-                   if ((fnow > enow) === (fnow > -enow)) {
-                       Qnew = Q + enow;
-                       bvirt = Qnew - Q;
-                       hh = Q - (Qnew - bvirt) + (enow - bvirt);
-                       enow = e[++eindex];
-                   } else {
-                       Qnew = Q + fnow;
-                       bvirt = Qnew - Q;
-                       hh = Q - (Qnew - bvirt) + (fnow - bvirt);
-                       fnow = f[++findex];
-                   }
-                   Q = Qnew;
-                   if (hh !== 0) {
-                       h[hindex++] = hh;
-                   }
-               }
+         action.disabled = function (graph) {
+           for (var i = 0; i < nodeIds.length; i++) {
+             var nodeId = nodeIds[i];
+             var candidates = action.waysForNode(nodeId, graph);
+
+             if (candidates.length === 0 || _wayIDs && _wayIDs.length !== candidates.length) {
+               return 'not_eligible';
+             }
            }
-           while (eindex < elen) {
-               Qnew = Q + enow;
-               bvirt = Qnew - Q;
-               hh = Q - (Qnew - bvirt) + (enow - bvirt);
-               enow = e[++eindex];
-               Q = Qnew;
-               if (hh !== 0) {
-                   h[hindex++] = hh;
-               }
-           }
-           while (findex < flen) {
-               Qnew = Q + fnow;
-               bvirt = Qnew - Q;
-               hh = Q - (Qnew - bvirt) + (fnow - bvirt);
-               fnow = f[++findex];
-               Q = Qnew;
-               if (hh !== 0) {
-                   h[hindex++] = hh;
-               }
-           }
-           if (Q !== 0 || hindex === 0) {
-               h[hindex++] = Q;
-           }
-           return hindex;
-       }
-
-       function estimate(elen, e) {
-           let Q = e[0];
-           for (let i = 1; i < elen; i++) Q += e[i];
-           return Q;
-       }
-
-       function vec(n) {
-           return new Float64Array(n);
-       }
-
-       const ccwerrboundA = (3 + 16 * epsilon$1) * epsilon$1;
-       const ccwerrboundB = (2 + 12 * epsilon$1) * epsilon$1;
-       const ccwerrboundC = (9 + 64 * epsilon$1) * epsilon$1 * epsilon$1;
-
-       const B = vec(4);
-       const C1 = vec(8);
-       const C2 = vec(12);
-       const D = vec(16);
-       const u = vec(4);
-
-       function orient2dadapt(ax, ay, bx, by, cx, cy, detsum) {
-           let acxtail, acytail, bcxtail, bcytail;
-           let bvirt, c, ahi, alo, bhi, blo, _i, _j, _0, s1, s0, t1, t0, u3;
-
-           const acx = ax - cx;
-           const bcx = bx - cx;
-           const acy = ay - cy;
-           const bcy = by - cy;
-
-           s1 = acx * bcy;
-           c = splitter * acx;
-           ahi = c - (c - acx);
-           alo = acx - ahi;
-           c = splitter * bcy;
-           bhi = c - (c - bcy);
-           blo = bcy - bhi;
-           s0 = alo * blo - (s1 - ahi * bhi - alo * bhi - ahi * blo);
-           t1 = acy * bcx;
-           c = splitter * acy;
-           ahi = c - (c - acy);
-           alo = acy - ahi;
-           c = splitter * bcx;
-           bhi = c - (c - bcx);
-           blo = bcx - bhi;
-           t0 = alo * blo - (t1 - ahi * bhi - alo * bhi - ahi * blo);
-           _i = s0 - t0;
-           bvirt = s0 - _i;
-           B[0] = s0 - (_i + bvirt) + (bvirt - t0);
-           _j = s1 + _i;
-           bvirt = _j - s1;
-           _0 = s1 - (_j - bvirt) + (_i - bvirt);
-           _i = _0 - t1;
-           bvirt = _0 - _i;
-           B[1] = _0 - (_i + bvirt) + (bvirt - t1);
-           u3 = _j + _i;
-           bvirt = u3 - _j;
-           B[2] = _j - (u3 - bvirt) + (_i - bvirt);
-           B[3] = u3;
-
-           let det = estimate(4, B);
-           let errbound = ccwerrboundB * detsum;
-           if (det >= errbound || -det >= errbound) {
-               return det;
-           }
-
-           bvirt = ax - acx;
-           acxtail = ax - (acx + bvirt) + (bvirt - cx);
-           bvirt = bx - bcx;
-           bcxtail = bx - (bcx + bvirt) + (bvirt - cx);
-           bvirt = ay - acy;
-           acytail = ay - (acy + bvirt) + (bvirt - cy);
-           bvirt = by - bcy;
-           bcytail = by - (bcy + bvirt) + (bvirt - cy);
-
-           if (acxtail === 0 && acytail === 0 && bcxtail === 0 && bcytail === 0) {
-               return det;
-           }
-
-           errbound = ccwerrboundC * detsum + resulterrbound * Math.abs(det);
-           det += (acx * bcytail + bcy * acxtail) - (acy * bcxtail + bcx * acytail);
-           if (det >= errbound || -det >= errbound) return det;
-
-           s1 = acxtail * bcy;
-           c = splitter * acxtail;
-           ahi = c - (c - acxtail);
-           alo = acxtail - ahi;
-           c = splitter * bcy;
-           bhi = c - (c - bcy);
-           blo = bcy - bhi;
-           s0 = alo * blo - (s1 - ahi * bhi - alo * bhi - ahi * blo);
-           t1 = acytail * bcx;
-           c = splitter * acytail;
-           ahi = c - (c - acytail);
-           alo = acytail - ahi;
-           c = splitter * bcx;
-           bhi = c - (c - bcx);
-           blo = bcx - bhi;
-           t0 = alo * blo - (t1 - ahi * bhi - alo * bhi - ahi * blo);
-           _i = s0 - t0;
-           bvirt = s0 - _i;
-           u[0] = s0 - (_i + bvirt) + (bvirt - t0);
-           _j = s1 + _i;
-           bvirt = _j - s1;
-           _0 = s1 - (_j - bvirt) + (_i - bvirt);
-           _i = _0 - t1;
-           bvirt = _0 - _i;
-           u[1] = _0 - (_i + bvirt) + (bvirt - t1);
-           u3 = _j + _i;
-           bvirt = u3 - _j;
-           u[2] = _j - (u3 - bvirt) + (_i - bvirt);
-           u[3] = u3;
-           const C1len = sum$1(4, B, 4, u, C1);
-
-           s1 = acx * bcytail;
-           c = splitter * acx;
-           ahi = c - (c - acx);
-           alo = acx - ahi;
-           c = splitter * bcytail;
-           bhi = c - (c - bcytail);
-           blo = bcytail - bhi;
-           s0 = alo * blo - (s1 - ahi * bhi - alo * bhi - ahi * blo);
-           t1 = acy * bcxtail;
-           c = splitter * acy;
-           ahi = c - (c - acy);
-           alo = acy - ahi;
-           c = splitter * bcxtail;
-           bhi = c - (c - bcxtail);
-           blo = bcxtail - bhi;
-           t0 = alo * blo - (t1 - ahi * bhi - alo * bhi - ahi * blo);
-           _i = s0 - t0;
-           bvirt = s0 - _i;
-           u[0] = s0 - (_i + bvirt) + (bvirt - t0);
-           _j = s1 + _i;
-           bvirt = _j - s1;
-           _0 = s1 - (_j - bvirt) + (_i - bvirt);
-           _i = _0 - t1;
-           bvirt = _0 - _i;
-           u[1] = _0 - (_i + bvirt) + (bvirt - t1);
-           u3 = _j + _i;
-           bvirt = u3 - _j;
-           u[2] = _j - (u3 - bvirt) + (_i - bvirt);
-           u[3] = u3;
-           const C2len = sum$1(C1len, C1, 4, u, C2);
-
-           s1 = acxtail * bcytail;
-           c = splitter * acxtail;
-           ahi = c - (c - acxtail);
-           alo = acxtail - ahi;
-           c = splitter * bcytail;
-           bhi = c - (c - bcytail);
-           blo = bcytail - bhi;
-           s0 = alo * blo - (s1 - ahi * bhi - alo * bhi - ahi * blo);
-           t1 = acytail * bcxtail;
-           c = splitter * acytail;
-           ahi = c - (c - acytail);
-           alo = acytail - ahi;
-           c = splitter * bcxtail;
-           bhi = c - (c - bcxtail);
-           blo = bcxtail - bhi;
-           t0 = alo * blo - (t1 - ahi * bhi - alo * bhi - ahi * blo);
-           _i = s0 - t0;
-           bvirt = s0 - _i;
-           u[0] = s0 - (_i + bvirt) + (bvirt - t0);
-           _j = s1 + _i;
-           bvirt = _j - s1;
-           _0 = s1 - (_j - bvirt) + (_i - bvirt);
-           _i = _0 - t1;
-           bvirt = _0 - _i;
-           u[1] = _0 - (_i + bvirt) + (bvirt - t1);
-           u3 = _j + _i;
-           bvirt = u3 - _j;
-           u[2] = _j - (u3 - bvirt) + (_i - bvirt);
-           u[3] = u3;
-           const Dlen = sum$1(C2len, C2, 4, u, D);
-
-           return D[Dlen - 1];
-       }
-
-       function orient2d(ax, ay, bx, by, cx, cy) {
-           const detleft = (ay - cy) * (bx - cx);
-           const detright = (ax - cx) * (by - cy);
-           const det = detleft - detright;
-
-           if (detleft === 0 || detright === 0 || (detleft > 0) !== (detright > 0)) return det;
-
-           const detsum = Math.abs(detleft + detright);
-           if (Math.abs(det) >= ccwerrboundA * detsum) return det;
-
-           return -orient2dadapt(ax, ay, bx, by, cx, cy, detsum);
-       }
+         };
 
-       /**
-        * Signed area of the triangle (p0, p1, p2)
-        * @param  {Array.<Number>} p0
-        * @param  {Array.<Number>} p1
-        * @param  {Array.<Number>} p2
-        * @return {Number}
-        */
-       function signedArea(p0, p1, p2) {
-         const res = orient2d(p0[0], p0[1], p1[0], p1[1], p2[0], p2[1]);
-         if (res > 0) return -1;
-         if (res < 0) return 1;
-         return 0;
-       }
+         action.limitWays = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _wayIDs;
+           _wayIDs = val;
+           return action;
+         };
 
-       /**
-        * @param  {SweepEvent} e1
-        * @param  {SweepEvent} e2
-        * @return {Number}
-        */
-       function compareEvents(e1, e2) {
-         const p1 = e1.point;
-         const p2 = e2.point;
+         action.keepHistoryOn = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _keepHistoryOn;
+           _keepHistoryOn = val;
+           return action;
+         };
+
+         return action;
+       }
 
-         // Different x-coordinate
-         if (p1[0] > p2[0]) return 1;
-         if (p1[0] < p2[0]) return -1;
+       function coreGraph(other, mutable) {
+         if (!(this instanceof coreGraph)) return new coreGraph(other, mutable);
 
-         // Different points, but same x-coordinate
-         // Event with lower y-coordinate is processed first
-         if (p1[1] !== p2[1]) return p1[1] > p2[1] ? 1 : -1;
+         if (other instanceof coreGraph) {
+           var base = other.base();
+           this.entities = Object.assign(Object.create(base.entities), other.entities);
+           this._parentWays = Object.assign(Object.create(base.parentWays), other._parentWays);
+           this._parentRels = Object.assign(Object.create(base.parentRels), other._parentRels);
+         } else {
+           this.entities = Object.create({});
+           this._parentWays = Object.create({});
+           this._parentRels = Object.create({});
+           this.rebase(other || [], [this]);
+         }
 
-         return specialCases(e1, e2, p1);
+         this.transients = {};
+         this._childNodes = {};
+         this.frozen = !mutable;
        }
+       coreGraph.prototype = {
+         hasEntity: function hasEntity(id) {
+           return this.entities[id];
+         },
+         entity: function entity(id) {
+           var entity = this.entities[id]; //https://github.com/openstreetmap/iD/issues/3973#issuecomment-307052376
 
+           if (!entity) {
+             entity = this.entities.__proto__[id]; // eslint-disable-line no-proto
+           }
 
-       /* eslint-disable no-unused-vars */
-       function specialCases(e1, e2, p1, p2) {
-         // Same coordinates, but one is a left endpoint and the other is
-         // a right endpoint. The right endpoint is processed first
-         if (e1.left !== e2.left)
-           return e1.left ? 1 : -1;
+           if (!entity) {
+             throw new Error('entity ' + id + ' not found');
+           }
 
-         // const p2 = e1.otherEvent.point, p3 = e2.otherEvent.point;
-         // const sa = (p1[0] - p3[0]) * (p2[1] - p3[1]) - (p2[0] - p3[0]) * (p1[1] - p3[1])
-         // Same coordinates, both events
-         // are left endpoints or right endpoints.
-         // not collinear
-         if (signedArea(p1, e1.otherEvent.point, e2.otherEvent.point) !== 0) {
-           // the event associate to the bottom segment is processed first
-           return (!e1.isBelow(e2.otherEvent.point)) ? 1 : -1;
-         }
+           return entity;
+         },
+         geometry: function geometry(id) {
+           return this.entity(id).geometry(this);
+         },
+         "transient": function transient(entity, key, fn) {
+           var id = entity.id;
+           var transients = this.transients[id] || (this.transients[id] = {});
 
-         return (!e1.isSubject && e2.isSubject) ? 1 : -1;
-       }
-       /* eslint-enable no-unused-vars */
+           if (transients[key] !== undefined) {
+             return transients[key];
+           }
 
-       /**
-        * @param  {SweepEvent} se
-        * @param  {Array.<Number>} p
-        * @param  {Queue} queue
-        * @return {Queue}
-        */
-       function divideSegment(se, p, queue)  {
-         const r = new SweepEvent(p, false, se,            se.isSubject);
-         const l = new SweepEvent(p, true,  se.otherEvent, se.isSubject);
+           transients[key] = fn.call(entity);
+           return transients[key];
+         },
+         parentWays: function parentWays(entity) {
+           var parents = this._parentWays[entity.id];
+           var result = [];
 
-         /* eslint-disable no-console */
-         if (equals(se.point, se.otherEvent.point)) {
-           console.warn('what is that, a collapsed segment?', se);
-         }
-         /* eslint-enable no-console */
+           if (parents) {
+             parents.forEach(function (id) {
+               result.push(this.entity(id));
+             }, this);
+           }
 
-         r.contourId = l.contourId = se.contourId;
+           return result;
+         },
+         isPoi: function isPoi(entity) {
+           var parents = this._parentWays[entity.id];
+           return !parents || parents.size === 0;
+         },
+         isShared: function isShared(entity) {
+           var parents = this._parentWays[entity.id];
+           return parents && parents.size > 1;
+         },
+         parentRelations: function parentRelations(entity) {
+           var parents = this._parentRels[entity.id];
+           var result = [];
 
-         // avoid a rounding error. The left event would be processed after the right event
-         if (compareEvents(l, se.otherEvent) > 0) {
-           se.otherEvent.left = true;
-           l.left = false;
-         }
+           if (parents) {
+             parents.forEach(function (id) {
+               result.push(this.entity(id));
+             }, this);
+           }
 
-         // avoid a rounding error. The left event would be processed after the right event
-         // if (compareEvents(se, r) > 0) {}
+           return result;
+         },
+         parentMultipolygons: function parentMultipolygons(entity) {
+           return this.parentRelations(entity).filter(function (relation) {
+             return relation.isMultipolygon();
+           });
+         },
+         childNodes: function childNodes(entity) {
+           if (this._childNodes[entity.id]) return this._childNodes[entity.id];
+           if (!entity.nodes) return [];
+           var nodes = [];
 
-         se.otherEvent.otherEvent = l;
-         se.otherEvent = r;
+           for (var i = 0; i < entity.nodes.length; i++) {
+             nodes[i] = this.entity(entity.nodes[i]);
+           }
+           this._childNodes[entity.id] = nodes;
+           return this._childNodes[entity.id];
+         },
+         base: function base() {
+           return {
+             'entities': Object.getPrototypeOf(this.entities),
+             'parentWays': Object.getPrototypeOf(this._parentWays),
+             'parentRels': Object.getPrototypeOf(this._parentRels)
+           };
+         },
+         // Unlike other graph methods, rebase mutates in place. This is because it
+         // is used only during the history operation that merges newly downloaded
+         // data into each state. To external consumers, it should appear as if the
+         // graph always contained the newly downloaded data.
+         rebase: function rebase(entities, stack, force) {
+           var base = this.base();
+           var i, j, k, id;
 
-         queue.push(l);
-         queue.push(r);
+           for (i = 0; i < entities.length; i++) {
+             var entity = entities[i];
+             if (!entity.visible || !force && base.entities[entity.id]) continue; // Merging data into the base graph
 
-         return queue;
-       }
+             base.entities[entity.id] = entity;
 
-       //const EPS = 1e-9;
+             this._updateCalculated(undefined, entity, base.parentWays, base.parentRels); // Restore provisionally-deleted nodes that are discovered to have an extant parent
 
-       /**
-        * Finds the magnitude of the cross product of two vectors (if we pretend
-        * they're in three dimensions)
-        *
-        * @param {Object} a First vector
-        * @param {Object} b Second vector
-        * @private
-        * @returns {Number} The magnitude of the cross product
-        */
-       function crossProduct(a, b) {
-         return (a[0] * b[1]) - (a[1] * b[0]);
-       }
 
-       /**
-        * Finds the dot product of two vectors.
-        *
-        * @param {Object} a First vector
-        * @param {Object} b Second vector
-        * @private
-        * @returns {Number} The dot product
-        */
-       function dotProduct(a, b) {
-         return (a[0] * b[0]) + (a[1] * b[1]);
-       }
+             if (entity.type === 'way') {
+               for (j = 0; j < entity.nodes.length; j++) {
+                 id = entity.nodes[j];
 
-       /**
-        * Finds the intersection (if any) between two line segments a and b, given the
-        * line segments' end points a1, a2 and b1, b2.
-        *
-        * This algorithm is based on Schneider and Eberly.
-        * http://www.cimec.org.ar/~ncalvo/Schneider_Eberly.pdf
-        * Page 244.
-        *
-        * @param {Array.<Number>} a1 point of first line
-        * @param {Array.<Number>} a2 point of first line
-        * @param {Array.<Number>} b1 point of second line
-        * @param {Array.<Number>} b2 point of second line
-        * @param {Boolean=}       noEndpointTouch whether to skip single touchpoints
-        *                                         (meaning connected segments) as
-        *                                         intersections
-        * @returns {Array.<Array.<Number>>|Null} If the lines intersect, the point of
-        * intersection. If they overlap, the two end points of the overlapping segment.
-        * Otherwise, null.
-        */
-       function intersection (a1, a2, b1, b2, noEndpointTouch) {
-         // The algorithm expects our lines in the form P + sd, where P is a point,
-         // s is on the interval [0, 1], and d is a vector.
-         // We are passed two points. P can be the first point of each pair. The
-         // vector, then, could be thought of as the distance (in x and y components)
-         // from the first point to the second point.
-         // So first, let's make our vectors:
-         const va = [a2[0] - a1[0], a2[1] - a1[1]];
-         const vb = [b2[0] - b1[0], b2[1] - b1[1]];
-         // We also define a function to convert back to regular point form:
-
-         /* eslint-disable arrow-body-style */
-
-         function toPoint(p, s, d) {
-           return [
-             p[0] + s * d[0],
-             p[1] + s * d[1]
-           ];
-         }
-
-         /* eslint-enable arrow-body-style */
-
-         // The rest is pretty much a straight port of the algorithm.
-         const e = [b1[0] - a1[0], b1[1] - a1[1]];
-         let kross    = crossProduct(va, vb);
-         let sqrKross = kross * kross;
-         const sqrLenA  = dotProduct(va, va);
-         //const sqrLenB  = dotProduct(vb, vb);
-
-         // Check for line intersection. This works because of the properties of the
-         // cross product -- specifically, two vectors are parallel if and only if the
-         // cross product is the 0 vector. The full calculation involves relative error
-         // to account for possible very small line segments. See Schneider & Eberly
-         // for details.
-         if (sqrKross > 0/* EPS * sqrLenB * sqLenA */) {
-           // If they're not parallel, then (because these are line segments) they
-           // still might not actually intersect. This code checks that the
-           // intersection point of the lines is actually on both line segments.
-           const s = crossProduct(e, vb) / kross;
-           if (s < 0 || s > 1) {
-             // not on line segment a
-             return null;
-           }
-           const t = crossProduct(e, va) / kross;
-           if (t < 0 || t > 1) {
-             // not on line segment b
-             return null;
+                 for (k = 1; k < stack.length; k++) {
+                   var ents = stack[k].entities;
+
+                   if (ents.hasOwnProperty(id) && ents[id] === undefined) {
+                     delete ents[id];
+                   }
+                 }
+               }
+             }
            }
-           if (s === 0 || s === 1) {
-             // on an endpoint of line segment a
-             return noEndpointTouch ? null : [toPoint(a1, s, va)];
+
+           for (i = 0; i < stack.length; i++) {
+             stack[i]._updateRebased();
            }
-           if (t === 0 || t === 1) {
-             // on an endpoint of line segment b
-             return noEndpointTouch ? null : [toPoint(b1, t, vb)];
+         },
+         _updateRebased: function _updateRebased() {
+           var base = this.base();
+           Object.keys(this._parentWays).forEach(function (child) {
+             if (base.parentWays[child]) {
+               base.parentWays[child].forEach(function (id) {
+                 if (!this.entities.hasOwnProperty(id)) {
+                   this._parentWays[child].add(id);
+                 }
+               }, this);
+             }
+           }, this);
+           Object.keys(this._parentRels).forEach(function (child) {
+             if (base.parentRels[child]) {
+               base.parentRels[child].forEach(function (id) {
+                 if (!this.entities.hasOwnProperty(id)) {
+                   this._parentRels[child].add(id);
+                 }
+               }, this);
+             }
+           }, this);
+           this.transients = {}; // this._childNodes is not updated, under the assumption that
+           // ways are always downloaded with their child nodes.
+         },
+         // Updates calculated properties (parentWays, parentRels) for the specified change
+         _updateCalculated: function _updateCalculated(oldentity, entity, parentWays, parentRels) {
+           parentWays = parentWays || this._parentWays;
+           parentRels = parentRels || this._parentRels;
+           var type = entity && entity.type || oldentity && oldentity.type;
+           var removed, added, i;
+
+           if (type === 'way') {
+             // Update parentWays
+             if (oldentity && entity) {
+               removed = utilArrayDifference(oldentity.nodes, entity.nodes);
+               added = utilArrayDifference(entity.nodes, oldentity.nodes);
+             } else if (oldentity) {
+               removed = oldentity.nodes;
+               added = [];
+             } else if (entity) {
+               removed = [];
+               added = entity.nodes;
+             }
+
+             for (i = 0; i < removed.length; i++) {
+               // make a copy of prototype property, store as own property, and update..
+               parentWays[removed[i]] = new Set(parentWays[removed[i]]);
+               parentWays[removed[i]]["delete"](oldentity.id);
+             }
+
+             for (i = 0; i < added.length; i++) {
+               // make a copy of prototype property, store as own property, and update..
+               parentWays[added[i]] = new Set(parentWays[added[i]]);
+               parentWays[added[i]].add(entity.id);
+             }
+           } else if (type === 'relation') {
+             // Update parentRels
+             // diff only on the IDs since the same entity can be a member multiple times with different roles
+             var oldentityMemberIDs = oldentity ? oldentity.members.map(function (m) {
+               return m.id;
+             }) : [];
+             var entityMemberIDs = entity ? entity.members.map(function (m) {
+               return m.id;
+             }) : [];
+
+             if (oldentity && entity) {
+               removed = utilArrayDifference(oldentityMemberIDs, entityMemberIDs);
+               added = utilArrayDifference(entityMemberIDs, oldentityMemberIDs);
+             } else if (oldentity) {
+               removed = oldentityMemberIDs;
+               added = [];
+             } else if (entity) {
+               removed = [];
+               added = entityMemberIDs;
+             }
+
+             for (i = 0; i < removed.length; i++) {
+               // make a copy of prototype property, store as own property, and update..
+               parentRels[removed[i]] = new Set(parentRels[removed[i]]);
+               parentRels[removed[i]]["delete"](oldentity.id);
+             }
+
+             for (i = 0; i < added.length; i++) {
+               // make a copy of prototype property, store as own property, and update..
+               parentRels[added[i]] = new Set(parentRels[added[i]]);
+               parentRels[added[i]].add(entity.id);
+             }
            }
-           return [toPoint(a1, s, va)];
-         }
+         },
+         replace: function replace(entity) {
+           if (this.entities[entity.id] === entity) return this;
+           return this.update(function () {
+             this._updateCalculated(this.entities[entity.id], entity);
 
-         // If we've reached this point, then the lines are either parallel or the
-         // same, but the segments could overlap partially or fully, or not at all.
-         // So we need to find the overlap, if any. To do that, we can use e, which is
-         // the (vector) difference between the two initial points. If this is parallel
-         // with the line itself, then the two lines are the same line, and there will
-         // be overlap.
-         //const sqrLenE = dotProduct(e, e);
-         kross = crossProduct(e, va);
-         sqrKross = kross * kross;
+             this.entities[entity.id] = entity;
+           });
+         },
+         remove: function remove(entity) {
+           return this.update(function () {
+             this._updateCalculated(entity, undefined);
 
-         if (sqrKross > 0 /* EPS * sqLenB * sqLenE */) {
-         // Lines are just parallel, not the same. No overlap.
-           return null;
-         }
+             this.entities[entity.id] = undefined;
+           });
+         },
+         revert: function revert(id) {
+           var baseEntity = this.base().entities[id];
+           var headEntity = this.entities[id];
+           if (headEntity === baseEntity) return this;
+           return this.update(function () {
+             this._updateCalculated(headEntity, baseEntity);
+
+             delete this.entities[id];
+           });
+         },
+         update: function update() {
+           var graph = this.frozen ? coreGraph(this, true) : this;
 
-         const sa = dotProduct(va, e) / sqrLenA;
-         const sb = sa + dotProduct(va, vb) / sqrLenA;
-         const smin = Math.min(sa, sb);
-         const smax = Math.max(sa, sb);
+           for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
+             arguments[i].call(graph, graph);
+           }
 
-         // this is, essentially, the FindIntersection acting on floats from
-         // Schneider & Eberly, just inlined into this function.
-         if (smin <= 1 && smax >= 0) {
+           if (this.frozen) graph.frozen = true;
+           return graph;
+         },
+         // Obliterates any existing entities
+         load: function load(entities) {
+           var base = this.base();
+           this.entities = Object.create(base.entities);
 
-           // overlap on an end point
-           if (smin === 1) {
-             return noEndpointTouch ? null : [toPoint(a1, smin > 0 ? smin : 0, va)];
-           }
+           for (var i in entities) {
+             this.entities[i] = entities[i];
 
-           if (smax === 0) {
-             return noEndpointTouch ? null : [toPoint(a1, smax < 1 ? smax : 1, va)];
+             this._updateCalculated(base.entities[i], this.entities[i]);
            }
 
-           if (noEndpointTouch && smin === 0 && smax === 1) return null;
+           return this;
+         }
+       };
 
-           // There's overlap on a segment -- two points of intersection. Return both.
-           return [
-             toPoint(a1, smin > 0 ? smin : 0, va),
-             toPoint(a1, smax < 1 ? smax : 1, va)
-           ];
+       function osmTurn(turn) {
+         if (!(this instanceof osmTurn)) {
+           return new osmTurn(turn);
          }
 
-         return null;
+         Object.assign(this, turn);
        }
+       function osmIntersection(graph, startVertexId, maxDistance) {
+         maxDistance = maxDistance || 30; // in meters
 
-       /**
-        * @param  {SweepEvent} se1
-        * @param  {SweepEvent} se2
-        * @param  {Queue}      queue
-        * @return {Number}
-        */
-       function possibleIntersection (se1, se2, queue) {
-         // that disallows self-intersecting polygons,
-         // did cost us half a day, so I'll leave it
-         // out of respect
-         // if (se1.isSubject === se2.isSubject) return;
-         const inter = intersection(
-           se1.point, se1.otherEvent.point,
-           se2.point, se2.otherEvent.point
-         );
-
-         const nintersections = inter ? inter.length : 0;
-         if (nintersections === 0) return 0; // no intersection
+         var vgraph = coreGraph(); // virtual graph
 
-         // the line segments intersect at an endpoint of both line segments
-         if ((nintersections === 1) &&
-             (equals(se1.point, se2.point) ||
-              equals(se1.otherEvent.point, se2.otherEvent.point))) {
-           return 0;
-         }
+         var i, j, k;
 
-         if (nintersections === 2 && se1.isSubject === se2.isSubject) {
-           // if(se1.contourId === se2.contourId){
-           // console.warn('Edges of the same polygon overlap',
-           //   se1.point, se1.otherEvent.point, se2.point, se2.otherEvent.point);
-           // }
-           //throw new Error('Edges of the same polygon overlap');
-           return 0;
+         function memberOfRestriction(entity) {
+           return graph.parentRelations(entity).some(function (r) {
+             return r.isRestriction();
+           });
          }
 
-         // The line segments associated to se1 and se2 intersect
-         if (nintersections === 1) {
+         function isRoad(way) {
+           if (way.isArea() || way.isDegenerate()) return false;
+           var roads = {
+             'motorway': true,
+             'motorway_link': true,
+             'trunk': true,
+             'trunk_link': true,
+             'primary': true,
+             'primary_link': true,
+             'secondary': true,
+             'secondary_link': true,
+             'tertiary': true,
+             'tertiary_link': true,
+             'residential': true,
+             'unclassified': true,
+             'living_street': true,
+             'service': true,
+             'road': true,
+             'track': true
+           };
+           return roads[way.tags.highway];
+         }
+
+         var startNode = graph.entity(startVertexId);
+         var checkVertices = [startNode];
+         var checkWays;
+         var vertices = [];
+         var vertexIds = [];
+         var vertex;
+         var ways = [];
+         var wayIds = [];
+         var way;
+         var nodes = [];
+         var node;
+         var parents = [];
+         var parent; // `actions` will store whatever actions must be performed to satisfy
+         // preconditions for adding a turn restriction to this intersection.
+         //  - Remove any existing degenerate turn restrictions (missing from/to, etc)
+         //  - Reverse oneways so that they are drawn in the forward direction
+         //  - Split ways on key vertices
+
+         var actions = []; // STEP 1:  walk the graph outwards from starting vertex to search
+         //  for more key vertices and ways to include in the intersection..
+
+         while (checkVertices.length) {
+           vertex = checkVertices.pop(); // check this vertex for parent ways that are roads
+
+           checkWays = graph.parentWays(vertex);
+           var hasWays = false;
+
+           for (i = 0; i < checkWays.length; i++) {
+             way = checkWays[i];
+             if (!isRoad(way) && !memberOfRestriction(way)) continue;
+             ways.push(way); // it's a road, or it's already in a turn restriction
+
+             hasWays = true; // check the way's children for more key vertices
+
+             nodes = utilArrayUniq(graph.childNodes(way));
+
+             for (j = 0; j < nodes.length; j++) {
+               node = nodes[j];
+               if (node === vertex) continue; // same thing
+
+               if (vertices.indexOf(node) !== -1) continue; // seen it already
+
+               if (geoSphericalDistance(node.loc, startNode.loc) > maxDistance) continue; // too far from start
+               // a key vertex will have parents that are also roads
+
+               var hasParents = false;
+               parents = graph.parentWays(node);
+
+               for (k = 0; k < parents.length; k++) {
+                 parent = parents[k];
+                 if (parent === way) continue; // same thing
+
+                 if (ways.indexOf(parent) !== -1) continue; // seen it already
+
+                 if (!isRoad(parent)) continue; // not a road
+
+                 hasParents = true;
+                 break;
+               }
 
-           // if the intersection point is not an endpoint of se1
-           if (!equals(se1.point, inter[0]) && !equals(se1.otherEvent.point, inter[0])) {
-             divideSegment(se1, inter[0], queue);
+               if (hasParents) {
+                 checkVertices.push(node);
+               }
+             }
            }
 
-           // if the intersection point is not an endpoint of se2
-           if (!equals(se2.point, inter[0]) && !equals(se2.otherEvent.point, inter[0])) {
-             divideSegment(se2, inter[0], queue);
+           if (hasWays) {
+             vertices.push(vertex);
            }
-           return 1;
          }
 
-         // The line segments associated to se1 and se2 overlap
-         const events        = [];
-         let leftCoincide  = false;
-         let rightCoincide = false;
-
-         if (equals(se1.point, se2.point)) {
-           leftCoincide = true; // linked
-         } else if (compareEvents(se1, se2) === 1) {
-           events.push(se2, se1);
-         } else {
-           events.push(se1, se2);
-         }
+         vertices = utilArrayUniq(vertices);
+         ways = utilArrayUniq(ways); // STEP 2:  Build a virtual graph containing only the entities in the intersection..
+         // Everything done after this step should act on the virtual graph
+         // Any actions that must be performed later to the main graph go in `actions` array
 
-         if (equals(se1.otherEvent.point, se2.otherEvent.point)) {
-           rightCoincide = true;
-         } else if (compareEvents(se1.otherEvent, se2.otherEvent) === 1) {
-           events.push(se2.otherEvent, se1.otherEvent);
-         } else {
-           events.push(se1.otherEvent, se2.otherEvent);
-         }
+         ways.forEach(function (way) {
+           graph.childNodes(way).forEach(function (node) {
+             vgraph = vgraph.replace(node);
+           });
+           vgraph = vgraph.replace(way);
+           graph.parentRelations(way).forEach(function (relation) {
+             if (relation.isRestriction()) {
+               if (relation.isValidRestriction(graph)) {
+                 vgraph = vgraph.replace(relation);
+               } else if (relation.isComplete(graph)) {
+                 actions.push(actionDeleteRelation(relation.id));
+               }
+             }
+           });
+         }); // STEP 3:  Force all oneways to be drawn in the forward direction
 
-         if ((leftCoincide && rightCoincide) || leftCoincide) {
-           // both line segments are equal or share the left endpoint
-           se2.type = NON_CONTRIBUTING;
-           se1.type = (se2.inOut === se1.inOut)
-             ? SAME_TRANSITION : DIFFERENT_TRANSITION;
+         ways.forEach(function (w) {
+           var way = vgraph.entity(w.id);
 
-           if (leftCoincide && !rightCoincide) {
-             // honestly no idea, but changing events selection from [2, 1]
-             // to [0, 1] fixes the overlapping self-intersecting polygons issue
-             divideSegment(events[1].otherEvent, events[0].point, queue);
+           if (way.tags.oneway === '-1') {
+             var action = actionReverse(way.id, {
+               reverseOneway: true
+             });
+             actions.push(action);
+             vgraph = action(vgraph);
+           }
+         }); // STEP 4:  Split ways on key vertices
+
+         var origCount = osmEntity.id.next.way;
+         vertices.forEach(function (v) {
+           // This is an odd way to do it, but we need to find all the ways that
+           // will be split here, then split them one at a time to ensure that these
+           // actions can be replayed on the main graph exactly in the same order.
+           // (It is unintuitive, but the order of ways returned from graph.parentWays()
+           // is arbitrary, depending on how the main graph and vgraph were built)
+           var splitAll = actionSplit([v.id]).keepHistoryOn('first');
+
+           if (!splitAll.disabled(vgraph)) {
+             splitAll.ways(vgraph).forEach(function (way) {
+               var splitOne = actionSplit([v.id]).limitWays([way.id]).keepHistoryOn('first');
+               actions.push(splitOne);
+               vgraph = splitOne(vgraph);
+             });
            }
-           return 2;
-         }
+         }); // In here is where we should also split the intersection at nearby junction.
+         //   for https://github.com/mapbox/iD-internal/issues/31
+         // nearbyVertices.forEach(function(v) {
+         // });
+         // Reasons why we reset the way id count here:
+         //  1. Continuity with way ids created by the splits so that we can replay
+         //     these actions later if the user decides to create a turn restriction
+         //  2. Avoids churning way ids just by hovering over a vertex
+         //     and displaying the turn restriction editor
 
-         // the line segments share the right endpoint
-         if (rightCoincide) {
-           divideSegment(events[0], events[1].point, queue);
-           return 3;
-         }
+         osmEntity.id.next.way = origCount; // STEP 5:  Update arrays to point to vgraph entities
 
-         // no line segment includes totally the other one
-         if (events[0] !== events[3].otherEvent) {
-           divideSegment(events[0], events[1].point, queue);
-           divideSegment(events[1], events[2].point, queue);
-           return 3;
-         }
+         vertexIds = vertices.map(function (v) {
+           return v.id;
+         });
+         vertices = [];
+         ways = [];
+         vertexIds.forEach(function (id) {
+           var vertex = vgraph.entity(id);
+           var parents = vgraph.parentWays(vertex);
+           vertices.push(vertex);
+           ways = ways.concat(parents);
+         });
+         vertices = utilArrayUniq(vertices);
+         ways = utilArrayUniq(ways);
+         vertexIds = vertices.map(function (v) {
+           return v.id;
+         });
+         wayIds = ways.map(function (w) {
+           return w.id;
+         }); // STEP 6:  Update the ways with some metadata that will be useful for
+         // walking the intersection graph later and rendering turn arrows.
 
-         // one line segment includes the other one
-         divideSegment(events[0], events[1].point, queue);
-         divideSegment(events[3].otherEvent, events[2].point, queue);
+         function withMetadata(way, vertexIds) {
+           var __oneWay = way.isOneWay(); // which affixes are key vertices?
 
-         return 3;
-       }
 
-       /**
-        * @param  {SweepEvent} le1
-        * @param  {SweepEvent} le2
-        * @return {Number}
-        */
-       function compareSegments(le1, le2) {
-         if (le1 === le2) return 0;
+           var __first = vertexIds.indexOf(way.first()) !== -1;
 
-         // Segments are not collinear
-         if (signedArea(le1.point, le1.otherEvent.point, le2.point) !== 0 ||
-           signedArea(le1.point, le1.otherEvent.point, le2.otherEvent.point) !== 0) {
+           var __last = vertexIds.indexOf(way.last()) !== -1; // what roles is this way eligible for?
 
-           // If they share their left endpoint use the right endpoint to sort
-           if (equals(le1.point, le2.point)) return le1.isBelow(le2.otherEvent.point) ? -1 : 1;
 
-           // Different left endpoint: use the left endpoint to sort
-           if (le1.point[0] === le2.point[0]) return le1.point[1] < le2.point[1] ? -1 : 1;
+           var __via = __first && __last;
 
-           // has the line segment associated to e1 been inserted
-           // into S after the line segment associated to e2 ?
-           if (compareEvents(le1, le2) === 1) return le2.isAbove(le1.point) ? -1 : 1;
+           var __from = __first && !__oneWay || __last;
 
-           // The line segment associated to e2 has been inserted
-           // into S after the line segment associated to e1
-           return le1.isBelow(le2.point) ? -1 : 1;
-         }
+           var __to = __first || __last && !__oneWay;
 
-         if (le1.isSubject === le2.isSubject) { // same polygon
-           let p1 = le1.point, p2 = le2.point;
-           if (p1[0] === p2[0] && p1[1] === p2[1]/*equals(le1.point, le2.point)*/) {
-             p1 = le1.otherEvent.point; p2 = le2.otherEvent.point;
-             if (p1[0] === p2[0] && p1[1] === p2[1]) return 0;
-             else return le1.contourId > le2.contourId ? 1 : -1;
-           }
-         } else { // Segments are collinear, but belong to separate polygons
-           return le1.isSubject ? -1 : 1;
+           return way.update({
+             __first: __first,
+             __last: __last,
+             __from: __from,
+             __via: __via,
+             __to: __to,
+             __oneWay: __oneWay
+           });
          }
 
-         return compareEvents(le1, le2) === 1 ? 1 : -1;
-       }
+         ways = [];
+         wayIds.forEach(function (id) {
+           var way = withMetadata(vgraph.entity(id), vertexIds);
+           vgraph = vgraph.replace(way);
+           ways.push(way);
+         }); // STEP 7:  Simplify - This is an iterative process where we:
+         //  1. Find trivial vertices with only 2 parents
+         //  2. trim off the leaf way from those vertices and remove from vgraph
 
-       function subdivide(eventQueue, subject, clipping, sbbox, cbbox, operation) {
-         const sweepLine = new SplayTree(compareSegments);
-         const sortedEvents = [];
+         var keepGoing;
+         var removeWayIds = [];
+         var removeVertexIds = [];
 
-         const rightbound = Math.min(sbbox[2], cbbox[2]);
+         do {
+           keepGoing = false;
+           checkVertices = vertexIds.slice();
 
-         let prev, next, begin;
+           for (i = 0; i < checkVertices.length; i++) {
+             var vertexId = checkVertices[i];
+             vertex = vgraph.hasEntity(vertexId);
 
-         while (eventQueue.length !== 0) {
-           let event = eventQueue.pop();
-           sortedEvents.push(event);
+             if (!vertex) {
+               if (vertexIds.indexOf(vertexId) !== -1) {
+                 vertexIds.splice(vertexIds.indexOf(vertexId), 1); // stop checking this one
+               }
 
-           // optimization by bboxes for intersection and difference goes here
-           if ((operation === INTERSECTION && event.point[0] > rightbound) ||
-               (operation === DIFFERENCE   && event.point[0] > sbbox[2])) {
-             break;
-           }
+               removeVertexIds.push(vertexId);
+               continue;
+             }
 
-           if (event.left) {
-             next  = prev = sweepLine.insert(event);
-             begin = sweepLine.minNode();
+             parents = vgraph.parentWays(vertex);
 
-             if (prev !== begin) prev = sweepLine.prev(prev);
-             else                prev = null;
+             if (parents.length < 3) {
+               if (vertexIds.indexOf(vertexId) !== -1) {
+                 vertexIds.splice(vertexIds.indexOf(vertexId), 1); // stop checking this one
+               }
+             }
 
-             next = sweepLine.next(next);
+             if (parents.length === 2) {
+               // vertex with 2 parents is trivial
+               var a = parents[0];
+               var b = parents[1];
+               var aIsLeaf = a && !a.__via;
+               var bIsLeaf = b && !b.__via;
+               var leaf, survivor;
 
-             const prevEvent = prev ? prev.key : null;
-             let prevprevEvent;
-             computeFields(event, prevEvent, operation);
-             if (next) {
-               if (possibleIntersection(event, next.key, eventQueue) === 2) {
-                 computeFields(event, prevEvent, operation);
-                 computeFields(event, next.key, operation);
+               if (aIsLeaf && !bIsLeaf) {
+                 leaf = a;
+                 survivor = b;
+               } else if (!aIsLeaf && bIsLeaf) {
+                 leaf = b;
+                 survivor = a;
                }
-             }
 
-             if (prev) {
-               if (possibleIntersection(prev.key, event, eventQueue) === 2) {
-                 let prevprev = prev;
-                 if (prevprev !== begin) prevprev = sweepLine.prev(prevprev);
-                 else                    prevprev = null;
+               if (leaf && survivor) {
+                 survivor = withMetadata(survivor, vertexIds); // update survivor way
 
-                 prevprevEvent = prevprev ? prevprev.key : null;
-                 computeFields(prevEvent, prevprevEvent, operation);
-                 computeFields(event,     prevEvent,     operation);
+                 vgraph = vgraph.replace(survivor).remove(leaf); // update graph
+
+                 removeWayIds.push(leaf.id);
+                 keepGoing = true;
                }
              }
-           } else {
-             event = event.otherEvent;
-             next = prev = sweepLine.find(event);
 
-             if (prev && next) {
+             parents = vgraph.parentWays(vertex);
 
-               if (prev !== begin) prev = sweepLine.prev(prev);
-               else                prev = null;
+             if (parents.length < 2) {
+               // vertex is no longer a key vertex
+               if (vertexIds.indexOf(vertexId) !== -1) {
+                 vertexIds.splice(vertexIds.indexOf(vertexId), 1); // stop checking this one
+               }
 
-               next = sweepLine.next(next);
-               sweepLine.remove(event);
+               removeVertexIds.push(vertexId);
+               keepGoing = true;
+             }
 
-               if (next && prev) {
-                 possibleIntersection(prev.key, next.key, eventQueue);
-               }
+             if (parents.length < 1) {
+               // vertex is no longer attached to anything
+               vgraph = vgraph.remove(vertex);
              }
            }
-         }
-         return sortedEvents;
-       }
+         } while (keepGoing);
+
+         vertices = vertices.filter(function (vertex) {
+           return removeVertexIds.indexOf(vertex.id) === -1;
+         }).map(function (vertex) {
+           return vgraph.entity(vertex.id);
+         });
+         ways = ways.filter(function (way) {
+           return removeWayIds.indexOf(way.id) === -1;
+         }).map(function (way) {
+           return vgraph.entity(way.id);
+         }); // OK!  Here is our intersection..
+
+         var intersection = {
+           graph: vgraph,
+           actions: actions,
+           vertices: vertices,
+           ways: ways
+         }; // Get all the valid turns through this intersection given a starting way id.
+         // This operates on the virtual graph for everything.
+         //
+         // Basically, walk through all possible paths from starting way,
+         //   honoring the existing turn restrictions as we go (watch out for loops!)
+         //
+         // For each path found, generate and return a `osmTurn` datastructure.
+         //
 
-       class Contour {
+         intersection.turns = function (fromWayId, maxViaWay) {
+           if (!fromWayId) return [];
+           if (!maxViaWay) maxViaWay = 0;
+           var vgraph = intersection.graph;
+           var keyVertexIds = intersection.vertices.map(function (v) {
+             return v.id;
+           });
+           var start = vgraph.entity(fromWayId);
+           if (!start || !(start.__from || start.__via)) return []; // maxViaWay=0   from-*-to              (0 vias)
+           // maxViaWay=1   from-*-via-*-to        (1 via max)
+           // maxViaWay=2   from-*-via-*-via-*-to  (2 vias max)
 
-         /**
-          * Contour
-          *
-          * @class {Contour}
-          */
-         constructor() {
-           this.points = [];
-           this.holeIds = [];
-           this.holeOf = null;
-           this.depth = null;
-         }
+           var maxPathLength = maxViaWay * 2 + 3;
+           var turns = [];
+           step(start);
+           return turns; // traverse the intersection graph and find all the valid paths
 
-         isExterior() {
-           return this.holeOf == null;
-         }
+           function step(entity, currPath, currRestrictions, matchedRestriction) {
+             currPath = (currPath || []).slice(); // shallow copy
 
-       }
+             if (currPath.length >= maxPathLength) return;
+             currPath.push(entity.id);
+             currRestrictions = (currRestrictions || []).slice(); // shallow copy
 
-       /**
-        * @param  {Array.<SweepEvent>} sortedEvents
-        * @return {Array.<SweepEvent>}
-        */
-       function orderEvents(sortedEvents) {
-         let event, i, len, tmp;
-         const resultEvents = [];
-         for (i = 0, len = sortedEvents.length; i < len; i++) {
-           event = sortedEvents[i];
-           if ((event.left && event.inResult) ||
-             (!event.left && event.otherEvent.inResult)) {
-             resultEvents.push(event);
-           }
-         }
-         // Due to overlapping edges the resultEvents array can be not wholly sorted
-         let sorted = false;
-         while (!sorted) {
-           sorted = true;
-           for (i = 0, len = resultEvents.length; i < len; i++) {
-             if ((i + 1) < len &&
-               compareEvents(resultEvents[i], resultEvents[i + 1]) === 1) {
-               tmp = resultEvents[i];
-               resultEvents[i] = resultEvents[i + 1];
-               resultEvents[i + 1] = tmp;
-               sorted = false;
-             }
-           }
-         }
+             var i, j;
 
+             if (entity.type === 'node') {
+               var parents = vgraph.parentWays(entity);
+               var nextWays = []; // which ways can we step into?
 
-         for (i = 0, len = resultEvents.length; i < len; i++) {
-           event = resultEvents[i];
-           event.otherPos = i;
-         }
+               for (i = 0; i < parents.length; i++) {
+                 var way = parents[i]; // if next way is a oneway incoming to this vertex, skip
 
-         // imagine, the right event is found in the beginning of the queue,
-         // when his left counterpart is not marked yet
-         for (i = 0, len = resultEvents.length; i < len; i++) {
-           event = resultEvents[i];
-           if (!event.left) {
-             tmp = event.otherPos;
-             event.otherPos = event.otherEvent.otherPos;
-             event.otherEvent.otherPos = tmp;
-           }
-         }
+                 if (way.__oneWay && way.nodes[0] !== entity.id) continue; // if we have seen it before (allowing for an initial u-turn), skip
 
-         return resultEvents;
-       }
+                 if (currPath.indexOf(way.id) !== -1 && currPath.length >= 3) continue; // Check all "current" restrictions (where we've already walked the `FROM`)
 
+                 var restrict = null;
 
-       /**
-        * @param  {Number} pos
-        * @param  {Array.<SweepEvent>} resultEvents
-        * @param  {Object>}    processed
-        * @return {Number}
-        */
-       function nextPos(pos, resultEvents, processed, origPos) {
-         let newPos = pos + 1,
-             p = resultEvents[pos].point,
-             p1;
-         const length = resultEvents.length;
-
-         if (newPos < length)
-           p1 = resultEvents[newPos].point;
-
-         while (newPos < length && p1[0] === p[0] && p1[1] === p[1]) {
-           if (!processed[newPos]) {
-             return newPos;
-           } else   {
-             newPos++;
-           }
-           p1 = resultEvents[newPos].point;
-         }
-
-         newPos = pos - 1;
-
-         while (processed[newPos] && newPos > origPos) {
-           newPos--;
-         }
-
-         return newPos;
-       }
-
-
-       function initializeContourFromContext(event, contours, contourId) {
-         const contour = new Contour();
-         if (event.prevInResult != null) {
-           const prevInResult = event.prevInResult;
-           // Note that it is valid to query the "previous in result" for its output contour id,
-           // because we must have already processed it (i.e., assigned an output contour id)
-           // in an earlier iteration, otherwise it wouldn't be possible that it is "previous in
-           // result".
-           const lowerContourId = prevInResult.outputContourId;
-           const lowerResultTransition = prevInResult.resultTransition;
-           if (lowerResultTransition > 0) {
-             // We are inside. Now we have to check if the thing below us is another hole or
-             // an exterior contour.
-             const lowerContour = contours[lowerContourId];
-             if (lowerContour.holeOf != null) {
-               // The lower contour is a hole => Connect the new contour as a hole to its parent,
-               // and use same depth.
-               const parentContourId = lowerContour.holeOf;
-               contours[parentContourId].holeIds.push(contourId);
-               contour.holeOf = parentContourId;
-               contour.depth = contours[lowerContourId].depth;
-             } else {
-               // The lower contour is an exterior contour => Connect the new contour as a hole,
-               // and increment depth.
-               contours[lowerContourId].holeIds.push(contourId);
-               contour.holeOf = lowerContourId;
-               contour.depth = contours[lowerContourId].depth + 1;
-             }
-           } else {
-             // We are outside => this contour is an exterior contour of same depth.
-             contour.holeOf = null;
-             contour.depth = contours[lowerContourId].depth;
-           }
-         } else {
-           // There is no lower/previous contour => this contour is an exterior contour of depth 0.
-           contour.holeOf = null;
-           contour.depth = 0;
-         }
-         return contour;
-       }
+                 for (j = 0; j < currRestrictions.length; j++) {
+                   var restriction = currRestrictions[j];
+                   var f = restriction.memberByRole('from');
+                   var v = restriction.membersByRole('via');
+                   var t = restriction.memberByRole('to');
+                   var isOnly = /^only_/.test(restriction.tags.restriction); // Does the current path match this turn restriction?
 
-       /**
-        * @param  {Array.<SweepEvent>} sortedEvents
-        * @return {Array.<*>} polygons
-        */
-       function connectEdges(sortedEvents) {
-         let i, len;
-         const resultEvents = orderEvents(sortedEvents);
+                   var matchesFrom = f.id === fromWayId;
+                   var matchesViaTo = false;
+                   var isAlongOnlyPath = false;
+
+                   if (t.id === way.id) {
+                     // match TO
+                     if (v.length === 1 && v[0].type === 'node') {
+                       // match VIA node
+                       matchesViaTo = v[0].id === entity.id && (matchesFrom && currPath.length === 2 || !matchesFrom && currPath.length > 2);
+                     } else {
+                       // match all VIA ways
+                       var pathVias = [];
 
-         // "false"-filled array
-         const processed = {};
-         const contours = [];
+                       for (k = 2; k < currPath.length; k += 2) {
+                         // k = 2 skips FROM
+                         pathVias.push(currPath[k]); // (path goes way-node-way...)
+                       }
 
-         for (i = 0, len = resultEvents.length; i < len; i++) {
+                       var restrictionVias = [];
 
-           if (processed[i]) {
-             continue;
-           }
+                       for (k = 0; k < v.length; k++) {
+                         if (v[k].type === 'way') {
+                           restrictionVias.push(v[k].id);
+                         }
+                       }
 
-           const contourId = contours.length;
-           const contour = initializeContourFromContext(resultEvents[i], contours, contourId);
+                       var diff = utilArrayDifference(pathVias, restrictionVias);
+                       matchesViaTo = !diff.length;
+                     }
+                   } else if (isOnly) {
+                     for (k = 0; k < v.length; k++) {
+                       // way doesn't match TO, but is one of the via ways along the path of an "only"
+                       if (v[k].type === 'way' && v[k].id === way.id) {
+                         isAlongOnlyPath = true;
+                         break;
+                       }
+                     }
+                   }
 
-           // Helper function that combines marking an event as processed with assigning its output contour ID
-           const markAsProcessed = (pos) => {
-             processed[pos] = true;
-             resultEvents[pos].outputContourId = contourId;
-           };
+                   if (matchesViaTo) {
+                     if (isOnly) {
+                       restrict = {
+                         id: restriction.id,
+                         direct: matchesFrom,
+                         from: f.id,
+                         only: true,
+                         end: true
+                       };
+                     } else {
+                       restrict = {
+                         id: restriction.id,
+                         direct: matchesFrom,
+                         from: f.id,
+                         no: true,
+                         end: true
+                       };
+                     }
+                   } else {
+                     // indirect - caused by a different nearby restriction
+                     if (isAlongOnlyPath) {
+                       restrict = {
+                         id: restriction.id,
+                         direct: false,
+                         from: f.id,
+                         only: true,
+                         end: false
+                       };
+                     } else if (isOnly) {
+                       restrict = {
+                         id: restriction.id,
+                         direct: false,
+                         from: f.id,
+                         no: true,
+                         end: true
+                       };
+                     }
+                   } // stop looking if we find a "direct" restriction (matching FROM, VIA, TO)
+
+
+                   if (restrict && restrict.direct) break;
+                 }
 
-           let pos = i;
-           let origPos = i;
+                 nextWays.push({
+                   way: way,
+                   restrict: restrict
+                 });
+               }
 
-           const initial = resultEvents[i].point;
-           contour.points.push(initial);
+               nextWays.forEach(function (nextWay) {
+                 step(nextWay.way, currPath, currRestrictions, nextWay.restrict);
+               });
+             } else {
+               // entity.type === 'way'
+               if (currPath.length >= 3) {
+                 // this is a "complete" path..
+                 var turnPath = currPath.slice(); // shallow copy
+                 // an indirect restriction - only include the partial path (starting at FROM)
+
+                 if (matchedRestriction && matchedRestriction.direct === false) {
+                   for (i = 0; i < turnPath.length; i++) {
+                     if (turnPath[i] === matchedRestriction.from) {
+                       turnPath = turnPath.slice(i);
+                       break;
+                     }
+                   }
+                 }
 
-           /* eslint no-constant-condition: "off" */
-           while (true) {
-             markAsProcessed(pos);
+                 var turn = pathToTurn(turnPath);
 
-             pos = resultEvents[pos].otherPos;
+                 if (turn) {
+                   if (matchedRestriction) {
+                     turn.restrictionID = matchedRestriction.id;
+                     turn.no = matchedRestriction.no;
+                     turn.only = matchedRestriction.only;
+                     turn.direct = matchedRestriction.direct;
+                   }
 
-             markAsProcessed(pos);
-             contour.points.push(resultEvents[pos].point);
+                   turns.push(osmTurn(turn));
+                 }
 
-             pos = nextPos(pos, resultEvents, processed, origPos);
+                 if (currPath[0] === currPath[2]) return; // if we made a u-turn - stop here
+               }
 
-             if (pos == origPos) {
-               break;
-             }
-           }
+               if (matchedRestriction && matchedRestriction.end) return; // don't advance any further
+               // which nodes can we step into?
 
-           contours.push(contour);
-         }
+               var n1 = vgraph.entity(entity.first());
+               var n2 = vgraph.entity(entity.last());
+               var dist = geoSphericalDistance(n1.loc, n2.loc);
+               var nextNodes = [];
 
-         return contours;
-       }
+               if (currPath.length > 1) {
+                 if (dist > maxDistance) return; // the next node is too far
 
-       var tinyqueue = TinyQueue;
-       var _default$1 = TinyQueue;
+                 if (!entity.__via) return; // this way is a leaf / can't be a via
+               }
 
-       function TinyQueue(data, compare) {
-           if (!(this instanceof TinyQueue)) return new TinyQueue(data, compare);
+               if (!entity.__oneWay && // bidirectional..
+               keyVertexIds.indexOf(n1.id) !== -1 && // key vertex..
+               currPath.indexOf(n1.id) === -1) {
+                 // haven't seen it yet..
+                 nextNodes.push(n1); // can advance to first node
+               }
 
-           this.data = data || [];
-           this.length = this.data.length;
-           this.compare = compare || defaultCompare$1;
+               if (keyVertexIds.indexOf(n2.id) !== -1 && // key vertex..
+               currPath.indexOf(n2.id) === -1) {
+                 // haven't seen it yet..
+                 nextNodes.push(n2); // can advance to last node
+               }
 
-           if (this.length > 0) {
-               for (var i = (this.length >> 1) - 1; i >= 0; i--) this._down(i);
-           }
-       }
+               nextNodes.forEach(function (nextNode) {
+                 // gather restrictions FROM this way
+                 var fromRestrictions = vgraph.parentRelations(entity).filter(function (r) {
+                   if (!r.isRestriction()) return false;
+                   var f = r.memberByRole('from');
+                   if (!f || f.id !== entity.id) return false;
+                   var isOnly = /^only_/.test(r.tags.restriction);
+                   if (!isOnly) return true; // `only_` restrictions only matter along the direction of the VIA - #4849
 
-       function defaultCompare$1(a, b) {
-           return a < b ? -1 : a > b ? 1 : 0;
-       }
+                   var isOnlyVia = false;
+                   var v = r.membersByRole('via');
 
-       TinyQueue.prototype = {
+                   if (v.length === 1 && v[0].type === 'node') {
+                     // via node
+                     isOnlyVia = v[0].id === nextNode.id;
+                   } else {
+                     // via way(s)
+                     for (var i = 0; i < v.length; i++) {
+                       if (v[i].type !== 'way') continue;
+                       var viaWay = vgraph.entity(v[i].id);
+
+                       if (viaWay.first() === nextNode.id || viaWay.last() === nextNode.id) {
+                         isOnlyVia = true;
+                         break;
+                       }
+                     }
+                   }
 
-           push: function (item) {
-               this.data.push(item);
-               this.length++;
-               this._up(this.length - 1);
-           },
+                   return isOnlyVia;
+                 });
+                 step(nextNode, currPath, currRestrictions.concat(fromRestrictions), false);
+               });
+             }
+           } // assumes path is alternating way-node-way of odd length
 
-           pop: function () {
-               if (this.length === 0) return undefined;
 
-               var top = this.data[0];
-               this.length--;
+           function pathToTurn(path) {
+             if (path.length < 3) return;
+             var fromWayId, fromNodeId, fromVertexId;
+             var toWayId, toNodeId, toVertexId;
+             var viaWayIds, viaNodeId, isUturn;
+             fromWayId = path[0];
+             toWayId = path[path.length - 1];
 
-               if (this.length > 0) {
-                   this.data[0] = this.data[this.length];
-                   this._down(0);
+             if (path.length === 3 && fromWayId === toWayId) {
+               // u turn
+               var way = vgraph.entity(fromWayId);
+               if (way.__oneWay) return null;
+               isUturn = true;
+               viaNodeId = fromVertexId = toVertexId = path[1];
+               fromNodeId = toNodeId = adjacentNode(fromWayId, viaNodeId);
+             } else {
+               isUturn = false;
+               fromVertexId = path[1];
+               fromNodeId = adjacentNode(fromWayId, fromVertexId);
+               toVertexId = path[path.length - 2];
+               toNodeId = adjacentNode(toWayId, toVertexId);
+
+               if (path.length === 3) {
+                 viaNodeId = path[1];
+               } else {
+                 viaWayIds = path.filter(function (entityId) {
+                   return entityId[0] === 'w';
+                 });
+                 viaWayIds = viaWayIds.slice(1, viaWayIds.length - 1); // remove first, last
                }
-               this.data.pop();
-
-               return top;
-           },
+             }
 
-           peek: function () {
-               return this.data[0];
-           },
+             return {
+               key: path.join('_'),
+               path: path,
+               from: {
+                 node: fromNodeId,
+                 way: fromWayId,
+                 vertex: fromVertexId
+               },
+               via: {
+                 node: viaNodeId,
+                 ways: viaWayIds
+               },
+               to: {
+                 node: toNodeId,
+                 way: toWayId,
+                 vertex: toVertexId
+               },
+               u: isUturn
+             };
 
-           _up: function (pos) {
-               var data = this.data;
-               var compare = this.compare;
-               var item = data[pos];
+             function adjacentNode(wayId, affixId) {
+               var nodes = vgraph.entity(wayId).nodes;
+               return affixId === nodes[0] ? nodes[1] : nodes[nodes.length - 2];
+             }
+           }
+         };
 
-               while (pos > 0) {
-                   var parent = (pos - 1) >> 1;
-                   var current = data[parent];
-                   if (compare(item, current) >= 0) break;
-                   data[pos] = current;
-                   pos = parent;
-               }
+         return intersection;
+       }
+       function osmInferRestriction(graph, turn, projection) {
+         var fromWay = graph.entity(turn.from.way);
+         var fromNode = graph.entity(turn.from.node);
+         var fromVertex = graph.entity(turn.from.vertex);
+         var toWay = graph.entity(turn.to.way);
+         var toNode = graph.entity(turn.to.node);
+         var toVertex = graph.entity(turn.to.vertex);
+         var fromOneWay = fromWay.tags.oneway === 'yes';
+         var toOneWay = toWay.tags.oneway === 'yes';
+         var angle = (geoAngle(fromVertex, fromNode, projection) - geoAngle(toVertex, toNode, projection)) * 180 / Math.PI;
 
-               data[pos] = item;
-           },
+         while (angle < 0) {
+           angle += 360;
+         }
 
-           _down: function (pos) {
-               var data = this.data;
-               var compare = this.compare;
-               var halfLength = this.length >> 1;
-               var item = data[pos];
+         if (fromNode === toNode) {
+           return 'no_u_turn';
+         }
 
-               while (pos < halfLength) {
-                   var left = (pos << 1) + 1;
-                   var right = left + 1;
-                   var best = data[left];
+         if ((angle < 23 || angle > 336) && fromOneWay && toOneWay) {
+           return 'no_u_turn'; // wider tolerance for u-turn if both ways are oneway
+         }
 
-                   if (right < this.length && compare(data[right], best) < 0) {
-                       left = right;
-                       best = data[right];
-                   }
-                   if (compare(best, item) >= 0) break;
+         if ((angle < 40 || angle > 319) && fromOneWay && toOneWay && turn.from.vertex !== turn.to.vertex) {
+           return 'no_u_turn'; // even wider tolerance for u-turn if there is a via way (from !== to)
+         }
 
-                   data[pos] = best;
-                   pos = left;
-               }
+         if (angle < 158) {
+           return 'no_right_turn';
+         }
 
-               data[pos] = item;
-           }
-       };
-       tinyqueue.default = _default$1;
+         if (angle > 202) {
+           return 'no_left_turn';
+         }
 
-       const max$2 = Math.max;
-       const min = Math.min;
+         return 'no_straight_on';
+       }
 
-       let contourId = 0;
+       function actionMergePolygon(ids, newRelationId) {
+         function groupEntities(graph) {
+           var entities = ids.map(function (id) {
+             return graph.entity(id);
+           });
+           var geometryGroups = utilArrayGroupBy(entities, function (entity) {
+             if (entity.type === 'way' && entity.isClosed()) {
+               return 'closedWay';
+             } else if (entity.type === 'relation' && entity.isMultipolygon()) {
+               return 'multipolygon';
+             } else {
+               return 'other';
+             }
+           });
+           return Object.assign({
+             closedWay: [],
+             multipolygon: [],
+             other: []
+           }, geometryGroups);
+         }
 
+         var action = function action(graph) {
+           var entities = groupEntities(graph); // An array representing all the polygons that are part of the multipolygon.
+           //
+           // Each element is itself an array of objects with an id property, and has a
+           // locs property which is an array of the locations forming the polygon.
+
+           var polygons = entities.multipolygon.reduce(function (polygons, m) {
+             return polygons.concat(osmJoinWays(m.members, graph));
+           }, []).concat(entities.closedWay.map(function (d) {
+             var member = [{
+               id: d.id
+             }];
+             member.nodes = graph.childNodes(d);
+             return member;
+           })); // contained is an array of arrays of boolean values,
+           // where contained[j][k] is true iff the jth way is
+           // contained by the kth way.
+
+           var contained = polygons.map(function (w, i) {
+             return polygons.map(function (d, n) {
+               if (i === n) return null;
+               return geoPolygonContainsPolygon(d.nodes.map(function (n) {
+                 return n.loc;
+               }), w.nodes.map(function (n) {
+                 return n.loc;
+               }));
+             });
+           }); // Sort all polygons as either outer or inner ways
 
-       function processPolygon(contourOrHole, isSubject, depth, Q, bbox, isExteriorRing) {
-         let i, len, s1, s2, e1, e2;
-         for (i = 0, len = contourOrHole.length - 1; i < len; i++) {
-           s1 = contourOrHole[i];
-           s2 = contourOrHole[i + 1];
-           e1 = new SweepEvent(s1, false, undefined, isSubject);
-           e2 = new SweepEvent(s2, false, e1,        isSubject);
-           e1.otherEvent = e2;
+           var members = [];
+           var outer = true;
 
-           if (s1[0] === s2[0] && s1[1] === s2[1]) {
-             continue; // skip collapsed edges, or it breaks
+           while (polygons.length) {
+             extractUncontained(polygons);
+             polygons = polygons.filter(isContained);
+             contained = contained.filter(isContained).map(filterContained);
            }
 
-           e1.contourId = e2.contourId = depth;
-           if (!isExteriorRing) {
-             e1.isExteriorRing = false;
-             e2.isExteriorRing = false;
+           function isContained(d, i) {
+             return contained[i].some(function (val) {
+               return val;
+             });
            }
-           if (compareEvents(e1, e2) > 0) {
-             e2.left = true;
-           } else {
-             e1.left = true;
+
+           function filterContained(d) {
+             return d.filter(isContained);
            }
 
-           const x = s1[0], y = s1[1];
-           bbox[0] = min(bbox[0], x);
-           bbox[1] = min(bbox[1], y);
-           bbox[2] = max$2(bbox[2], x);
-           bbox[3] = max$2(bbox[3], y);
+           function extractUncontained(polygons) {
+             polygons.forEach(function (d, i) {
+               if (!isContained(d, i)) {
+                 d.forEach(function (member) {
+                   members.push({
+                     type: 'way',
+                     id: member.id,
+                     role: outer ? 'outer' : 'inner'
+                   });
+                 });
+               }
+             });
+             outer = !outer;
+           } // Move all tags to one relation
 
-           // Pushing it so the queue is sorted from left to right,
-           // with object on the left having the highest priority.
-           Q.push(e1);
-           Q.push(e2);
-         }
-       }
 
+           var relation = entities.multipolygon[0] || osmRelation({
+             id: newRelationId,
+             tags: {
+               type: 'multipolygon'
+             }
+           });
+           entities.multipolygon.slice(1).forEach(function (m) {
+             relation = relation.mergeTags(m.tags);
+             graph = graph.remove(m);
+           });
+           entities.closedWay.forEach(function (way) {
+             function isThisOuter(m) {
+               return m.id === way.id && m.role !== 'inner';
+             }
 
-       function fillQueue(subject, clipping, sbbox, cbbox, operation) {
-         const eventQueue = new tinyqueue(null, compareEvents);
-         let polygonSet, isExteriorRing, i, ii, j, jj; //, k, kk;
+             if (members.some(isThisOuter)) {
+               relation = relation.mergeTags(way.tags);
+               graph = graph.replace(way.update({
+                 tags: {}
+               }));
+             }
+           });
+           return graph.replace(relation.update({
+             members: members,
+             tags: utilObjectOmit(relation.tags, ['area'])
+           }));
+         };
 
-         for (i = 0, ii = subject.length; i < ii; i++) {
-           polygonSet = subject[i];
-           for (j = 0, jj = polygonSet.length; j < jj; j++) {
-             isExteriorRing = j === 0;
-             if (isExteriorRing) contourId++;
-             processPolygon(polygonSet[j], true, contourId, eventQueue, sbbox, isExteriorRing);
-           }
-         }
+         action.disabled = function (graph) {
+           var entities = groupEntities(graph);
 
-         for (i = 0, ii = clipping.length; i < ii; i++) {
-           polygonSet = clipping[i];
-           for (j = 0, jj = polygonSet.length; j < jj; j++) {
-             isExteriorRing = j === 0;
-             if (operation === DIFFERENCE) isExteriorRing = false;
-             if (isExteriorRing) contourId++;
-             processPolygon(polygonSet[j], false, contourId, eventQueue, cbbox, isExteriorRing);
+           if (entities.other.length > 0 || entities.closedWay.length + entities.multipolygon.length < 2) {
+             return 'not_eligible';
            }
-         }
-
-         return eventQueue;
-       }
-
-       const EMPTY = [];
 
-
-       function trivialOperation(subject, clipping, operation) {
-         let result = null;
-         if (subject.length * clipping.length === 0) {
-           if        (operation === INTERSECTION) {
-             result = EMPTY;
-           } else if (operation === DIFFERENCE) {
-             result = subject;
-           } else if (operation === UNION ||
-                      operation === XOR) {
-             result = (subject.length === 0) ? clipping : subject;
+           if (!entities.multipolygon.every(function (r) {
+             return r.isComplete(graph);
+           })) {
+             return 'incomplete_relation';
            }
-         }
-         return result;
-       }
 
+           if (!entities.multipolygon.length) {
+             var sharedMultipolygons = [];
+             entities.closedWay.forEach(function (way, i) {
+               if (i === 0) {
+                 sharedMultipolygons = graph.parentMultipolygons(way);
+               } else {
+                 sharedMultipolygons = utilArrayIntersection(sharedMultipolygons, graph.parentMultipolygons(way));
+               }
+             });
+             sharedMultipolygons = sharedMultipolygons.filter(function (relation) {
+               return relation.members.length === entities.closedWay.length;
+             });
 
-       function compareBBoxes(subject, clipping, sbbox, cbbox, operation) {
-         let result = null;
-         if (sbbox[0] > cbbox[2] ||
-             cbbox[0] > sbbox[2] ||
-             sbbox[1] > cbbox[3] ||
-             cbbox[1] > sbbox[3]) {
-           if        (operation === INTERSECTION) {
-             result = EMPTY;
-           } else if (operation === DIFFERENCE) {
-             result = subject;
-           } else if (operation === UNION ||
-                      operation === XOR) {
-             result = subject.concat(clipping);
+             if (sharedMultipolygons.length) {
+               // don't create a new multipolygon if it'd be redundant
+               return 'not_eligible';
+             }
+           } else if (entities.closedWay.some(function (way) {
+             return utilArrayIntersection(graph.parentMultipolygons(way), entities.multipolygon).length;
+           })) {
+             // don't add a way to a multipolygon again if it's already a member
+             return 'not_eligible';
            }
-         }
-         return result;
+         };
+
+         return action;
        }
 
+       var FORCED$2 = descriptors && fails(function () {
+         // eslint-disable-next-line es/no-object-getownpropertydescriptor -- safe
+         return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(RegExp.prototype, 'flags').get.call({ dotAll: true, sticky: true }) !== 'sy';
+       });
 
-       function boolean(subject, clipping, operation) {
-         if (typeof subject[0][0][0] === 'number') {
-           subject = [subject];
-         }
-         if (typeof clipping[0][0][0] === 'number') {
-           clipping = [clipping];
-         }
-         let trivial = trivialOperation(subject, clipping, operation);
-         if (trivial) {
-           return trivial === EMPTY ? null : trivial;
-         }
-         const sbbox = [Infinity, Infinity, -Infinity, -Infinity];
-         const cbbox = [Infinity, Infinity, -Infinity, -Infinity];
+       // `RegExp.prototype.flags` getter
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-get-regexp.prototype.flags
+       if (FORCED$2) objectDefineProperty.f(RegExp.prototype, 'flags', {
+         configurable: true,
+         get: regexpFlags
+       });
 
-         // console.time('fill queue');
-         const eventQueue = fillQueue(subject, clipping, sbbox, cbbox, operation);
-         //console.timeEnd('fill queue');
+       var fastDeepEqual = function equal(a, b) {
+         if (a === b) return true;
 
-         trivial = compareBBoxes(subject, clipping, sbbox, cbbox, operation);
-         if (trivial) {
-           return trivial === EMPTY ? null : trivial;
-         }
-         // console.time('subdivide edges');
-         const sortedEvents = subdivide(eventQueue, subject, clipping, sbbox, cbbox, operation);
-         //console.timeEnd('subdivide edges');
+         if (a && b && _typeof(a) == 'object' && _typeof(b) == 'object') {
+           if (a.constructor !== b.constructor) return false;
+           var length, i, keys;
 
-         // console.time('connect vertices');
-         const contours = connectEdges(sortedEvents);
-         //console.timeEnd('connect vertices');
+           if (Array.isArray(a)) {
+             length = a.length;
+             if (length != b.length) return false;
 
-         // Convert contours to polygons
-         const polygons = [];
-         for (let i = 0; i < contours.length; i++) {
-           let contour = contours[i];
-           if (contour.isExterior()) {
-             // The exterior ring goes first
-             let rings = [contour.points];
-             // Followed by holes if any
-             for (let j = 0; j < contour.holeIds.length; j++) {
-               let holeId = contour.holeIds[j];
-               rings.push(contours[holeId].points);
+             for (i = length; i-- !== 0;) {
+               if (!equal(a[i], b[i])) return false;
              }
-             polygons.push(rings);
-           }
-         }
 
-         return polygons;
-       }
+             return true;
+           }
 
-       function union (subject, clipping) {
-         return boolean(subject, clipping, UNION);
-       }
+           if (a.constructor === RegExp) return a.source === b.source && a.flags === b.flags;
+           if (a.valueOf !== Object.prototype.valueOf) return a.valueOf() === b.valueOf();
+           if (a.toString !== Object.prototype.toString) return a.toString() === b.toString();
+           keys = Object.keys(a);
+           length = keys.length;
+           if (length !== Object.keys(b).length) return false;
 
-       var read$6 = function (buffer, offset, isLE, mLen, nBytes) {
-         var e, m;
-         var eLen = (nBytes * 8) - mLen - 1;
-         var eMax = (1 << eLen) - 1;
-         var eBias = eMax >> 1;
-         var nBits = -7;
-         var i = isLE ? (nBytes - 1) : 0;
-         var d = isLE ? -1 : 1;
-         var s = buffer[offset + i];
+           for (i = length; i-- !== 0;) {
+             if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(b, keys[i])) return false;
+           }
 
-         i += d;
+           for (i = length; i-- !== 0;) {
+             var key = keys[i];
+             if (!equal(a[key], b[key])) return false;
+           }
 
-         e = s & ((1 << (-nBits)) - 1);
-         s >>= (-nBits);
-         nBits += eLen;
-         for (; nBits > 0; e = (e * 256) + buffer[offset + i], i += d, nBits -= 8) {}
+           return true;
+         } // true if both NaN, false otherwise
 
-         m = e & ((1 << (-nBits)) - 1);
-         e >>= (-nBits);
-         nBits += mLen;
-         for (; nBits > 0; m = (m * 256) + buffer[offset + i], i += d, nBits -= 8) {}
 
-         if (e === 0) {
-           e = 1 - eBias;
-         } else if (e === eMax) {
-           return m ? NaN : ((s ? -1 : 1) * Infinity)
-         } else {
-           m = m + Math.pow(2, mLen);
-           e = e - eBias;
-         }
-         return (s ? -1 : 1) * m * Math.pow(2, e - mLen)
+         return a !== a && b !== b;
        };
 
-       var write$6 = function (buffer, value, offset, isLE, mLen, nBytes) {
-         var e, m, c;
-         var eLen = (nBytes * 8) - mLen - 1;
-         var eMax = (1 << eLen) - 1;
-         var eBias = eMax >> 1;
-         var rt = (mLen === 23 ? Math.pow(2, -24) - Math.pow(2, -77) : 0);
-         var i = isLE ? 0 : (nBytes - 1);
-         var d = isLE ? 1 : -1;
-         var s = value < 0 || (value === 0 && 1 / value < 0) ? 1 : 0;
+       // J. W. Hunt and M. D. McIlroy, An algorithm for differential buffer
+       // comparison, Bell Telephone Laboratories CSTR #41 (1976)
+       // http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~doug/
+       // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longest_common_subsequence_problem
+       //
+       // Expects two arrays, finds longest common sequence
 
-         value = Math.abs(value);
+       function LCS(buffer1, buffer2) {
+         var equivalenceClasses = {};
 
-         if (isNaN(value) || value === Infinity) {
-           m = isNaN(value) ? 1 : 0;
-           e = eMax;
-         } else {
-           e = Math.floor(Math.log(value) / Math.LN2);
-           if (value * (c = Math.pow(2, -e)) < 1) {
-             e--;
-             c *= 2;
-           }
-           if (e + eBias >= 1) {
-             value += rt / c;
-           } else {
-             value += rt * Math.pow(2, 1 - eBias);
-           }
-           if (value * c >= 2) {
-             e++;
-             c /= 2;
-           }
+         for (var j = 0; j < buffer2.length; j++) {
+           var item = buffer2[j];
 
-           if (e + eBias >= eMax) {
-             m = 0;
-             e = eMax;
-           } else if (e + eBias >= 1) {
-             m = ((value * c) - 1) * Math.pow(2, mLen);
-             e = e + eBias;
+           if (equivalenceClasses[item]) {
+             equivalenceClasses[item].push(j);
            } else {
-             m = value * Math.pow(2, eBias - 1) * Math.pow(2, mLen);
-             e = 0;
+             equivalenceClasses[item] = [j];
            }
          }
 
-         for (; mLen >= 8; buffer[offset + i] = m & 0xff, i += d, m /= 256, mLen -= 8) {}
-
-         e = (e << mLen) | m;
-         eLen += mLen;
-         for (; eLen > 0; buffer[offset + i] = e & 0xff, i += d, e /= 256, eLen -= 8) {}
+         var NULLRESULT = {
+           buffer1index: -1,
+           buffer2index: -1,
+           chain: null
+         };
+         var candidates = [NULLRESULT];
 
-         buffer[offset + i - d] |= s * 128;
-       };
+         for (var i = 0; i < buffer1.length; i++) {
+           var _item = buffer1[i];
+           var buffer2indices = equivalenceClasses[_item] || [];
+           var r = 0;
+           var c = candidates[0];
 
-       var ieee754 = {
-               read: read$6,
-               write: write$6
-       };
+           for (var jx = 0; jx < buffer2indices.length; jx++) {
+             var _j = buffer2indices[jx];
+             var s = void 0;
 
-       var pbf = Pbf;
+             for (s = r; s < candidates.length; s++) {
+               if (candidates[s].buffer2index < _j && (s === candidates.length - 1 || candidates[s + 1].buffer2index > _j)) {
+                 break;
+               }
+             }
 
+             if (s < candidates.length) {
+               var newCandidate = {
+                 buffer1index: i,
+                 buffer2index: _j,
+                 chain: candidates[s]
+               };
 
+               if (r === candidates.length) {
+                 candidates.push(c);
+               } else {
+                 candidates[r] = c;
+               }
 
-       function Pbf(buf) {
-           this.buf = ArrayBuffer.isView && ArrayBuffer.isView(buf) ? buf : new Uint8Array(buf || 0);
-           this.pos = 0;
-           this.type = 0;
-           this.length = this.buf.length;
-       }
+               r = s + 1;
+               c = newCandidate;
 
-       Pbf.Varint  = 0; // varint: int32, int64, uint32, uint64, sint32, sint64, bool, enum
-       Pbf.Fixed64 = 1; // 64-bit: double, fixed64, sfixed64
-       Pbf.Bytes   = 2; // length-delimited: string, bytes, embedded messages, packed repeated fields
-       Pbf.Fixed32 = 5; // 32-bit: float, fixed32, sfixed32
+               if (r === candidates.length) {
+                 break; // no point in examining further (j)s
+               }
+             }
+           }
 
-       var SHIFT_LEFT_32 = (1 << 16) * (1 << 16),
-           SHIFT_RIGHT_32 = 1 / SHIFT_LEFT_32;
+           candidates[r] = c;
+         } // At this point, we know the LCS: it's in the reverse of the
+         // linked-list through .chain of candidates[candidates.length - 1].
 
-       // Threshold chosen based on both benchmarking and knowledge about browser string
-       // data structures (which currently switch structure types at 12 bytes or more)
-       var TEXT_DECODER_MIN_LENGTH = 12;
-       var utf8TextDecoder = typeof TextDecoder === 'undefined' ? null : new TextDecoder('utf8');
 
-       Pbf.prototype = {
+         return candidates[candidates.length - 1];
+       } // We apply the LCS to build a 'comm'-style picture of the
+       // offsets and lengths of mismatched chunks in the input
+       // buffers. This is used by diff3MergeRegions.
 
-           destroy: function() {
-               this.buf = null;
-           },
 
-           // === READING =================================================================
+       function diffIndices(buffer1, buffer2) {
+         var lcs = LCS(buffer1, buffer2);
+         var result = [];
+         var tail1 = buffer1.length;
+         var tail2 = buffer2.length;
+
+         for (var candidate = lcs; candidate !== null; candidate = candidate.chain) {
+           var mismatchLength1 = tail1 - candidate.buffer1index - 1;
+           var mismatchLength2 = tail2 - candidate.buffer2index - 1;
+           tail1 = candidate.buffer1index;
+           tail2 = candidate.buffer2index;
 
-           readFields: function(readField, result, end) {
-               end = end || this.length;
+           if (mismatchLength1 || mismatchLength2) {
+             result.push({
+               buffer1: [tail1 + 1, mismatchLength1],
+               buffer1Content: buffer1.slice(tail1 + 1, tail1 + 1 + mismatchLength1),
+               buffer2: [tail2 + 1, mismatchLength2],
+               buffer2Content: buffer2.slice(tail2 + 1, tail2 + 1 + mismatchLength2)
+             });
+           }
+         }
 
-               while (this.pos < end) {
-                   var val = this.readVarint(),
-                       tag = val >> 3,
-                       startPos = this.pos;
+         result.reverse();
+         return result;
+       } // We apply the LCS to build a JSON representation of a
+       // independently derived from O, returns a fairly complicated
+       // internal representation of merge decisions it's taken. The
+       // interested reader may wish to consult
+       //
+       // Sanjeev Khanna, Keshav Kunal, and Benjamin C. Pierce.
+       // 'A Formal Investigation of ' In Arvind and Prasad,
+       // editors, Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical
+       // Computer Science (FSTTCS), December 2007.
+       //
+       // (http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~bcpierce/papers/diff3-short.pdf)
+       //
 
-                   this.type = val & 0x7;
-                   readField(tag, result, this);
 
-                   if (this.pos === startPos) this.skip(val);
-               }
-               return result;
-           },
+       function diff3MergeRegions(a, o, b) {
+         // "hunks" are array subsets where `a` or `b` are different from `o`
+         // https://www.gnu.org/software/diffutils/manual/html_node/diff3-Hunks.html
+         var hunks = [];
 
-           readMessage: function(readField, result) {
-               return this.readFields(readField, result, this.readVarint() + this.pos);
-           },
+         function addHunk(h, ab) {
+           hunks.push({
+             ab: ab,
+             oStart: h.buffer1[0],
+             oLength: h.buffer1[1],
+             // length of o to remove
+             abStart: h.buffer2[0],
+             abLength: h.buffer2[1] // length of a/b to insert
+             // abContent: (ab === 'a' ? a : b).slice(h.buffer2[0], h.buffer2[0] + h.buffer2[1])
 
-           readFixed32: function() {
-               var val = readUInt32(this.buf, this.pos);
-               this.pos += 4;
-               return val;
-           },
+           });
+         }
 
-           readSFixed32: function() {
-               var val = readInt32(this.buf, this.pos);
-               this.pos += 4;
-               return val;
-           },
+         diffIndices(o, a).forEach(function (item) {
+           return addHunk(item, 'a');
+         });
+         diffIndices(o, b).forEach(function (item) {
+           return addHunk(item, 'b');
+         });
+         hunks.sort(function (x, y) {
+           return x.oStart - y.oStart;
+         });
+         var results = [];
+         var currOffset = 0;
 
-           // 64-bit int handling is based on github.com/dpw/node-buffer-more-ints (MIT-licensed)
+         function advanceTo(endOffset) {
+           if (endOffset > currOffset) {
+             results.push({
+               stable: true,
+               buffer: 'o',
+               bufferStart: currOffset,
+               bufferLength: endOffset - currOffset,
+               bufferContent: o.slice(currOffset, endOffset)
+             });
+             currOffset = endOffset;
+           }
+         }
 
-           readFixed64: function() {
-               var val = readUInt32(this.buf, this.pos) + readUInt32(this.buf, this.pos + 4) * SHIFT_LEFT_32;
-               this.pos += 8;
-               return val;
-           },
+         while (hunks.length) {
+           var hunk = hunks.shift();
+           var regionStart = hunk.oStart;
+           var regionEnd = hunk.oStart + hunk.oLength;
+           var regionHunks = [hunk];
+           advanceTo(regionStart); // Try to pull next overlapping hunk into this region
 
-           readSFixed64: function() {
-               var val = readUInt32(this.buf, this.pos) + readInt32(this.buf, this.pos + 4) * SHIFT_LEFT_32;
-               this.pos += 8;
-               return val;
-           },
+           while (hunks.length) {
+             var nextHunk = hunks[0];
+             var nextHunkStart = nextHunk.oStart;
+             if (nextHunkStart > regionEnd) break; // no overlap
 
-           readFloat: function() {
-               var val = ieee754.read(this.buf, this.pos, true, 23, 4);
-               this.pos += 4;
-               return val;
-           },
+             regionEnd = Math.max(regionEnd, nextHunkStart + nextHunk.oLength);
+             regionHunks.push(hunks.shift());
+           }
 
-           readDouble: function() {
-               var val = ieee754.read(this.buf, this.pos, true, 52, 8);
-               this.pos += 8;
-               return val;
-           },
+           if (regionHunks.length === 1) {
+             // Only one hunk touches this region, meaning that there is no conflict here.
+             // Either `a` or `b` is inserting into a region of `o` unchanged by the other.
+             if (hunk.abLength > 0) {
+               var buffer = hunk.ab === 'a' ? a : b;
+               results.push({
+                 stable: true,
+                 buffer: hunk.ab,
+                 bufferStart: hunk.abStart,
+                 bufferLength: hunk.abLength,
+                 bufferContent: buffer.slice(hunk.abStart, hunk.abStart + hunk.abLength)
+               });
+             }
+           } else {
+             // A true a/b conflict. Determine the bounds involved from `a`, `o`, and `b`.
+             // Effectively merge all the `a` hunks into one giant hunk, then do the
+             // same for the `b` hunks; then, correct for skew in the regions of `o`
+             // that each side changed, and report appropriate spans for the three sides.
+             var bounds = {
+               a: [a.length, -1, o.length, -1],
+               b: [b.length, -1, o.length, -1]
+             };
 
-           readVarint: function(isSigned) {
-               var buf = this.buf,
-                   val, b;
+             while (regionHunks.length) {
+               hunk = regionHunks.shift();
+               var oStart = hunk.oStart;
+               var oEnd = oStart + hunk.oLength;
+               var abStart = hunk.abStart;
+               var abEnd = abStart + hunk.abLength;
+               var _b = bounds[hunk.ab];
+               _b[0] = Math.min(abStart, _b[0]);
+               _b[1] = Math.max(abEnd, _b[1]);
+               _b[2] = Math.min(oStart, _b[2]);
+               _b[3] = Math.max(oEnd, _b[3]);
+             }
+
+             var aStart = bounds.a[0] + (regionStart - bounds.a[2]);
+             var aEnd = bounds.a[1] + (regionEnd - bounds.a[3]);
+             var bStart = bounds.b[0] + (regionStart - bounds.b[2]);
+             var bEnd = bounds.b[1] + (regionEnd - bounds.b[3]);
+             var result = {
+               stable: false,
+               aStart: aStart,
+               aLength: aEnd - aStart,
+               aContent: a.slice(aStart, aEnd),
+               oStart: regionStart,
+               oLength: regionEnd - regionStart,
+               oContent: o.slice(regionStart, regionEnd),
+               bStart: bStart,
+               bLength: bEnd - bStart,
+               bContent: b.slice(bStart, bEnd)
+             };
+             results.push(result);
+           }
 
-               b = buf[this.pos++]; val  =  b & 0x7f;        if (b < 0x80) return val;
-               b = buf[this.pos++]; val |= (b & 0x7f) << 7;  if (b < 0x80) return val;
-               b = buf[this.pos++]; val |= (b & 0x7f) << 14; if (b < 0x80) return val;
-               b = buf[this.pos++]; val |= (b & 0x7f) << 21; if (b < 0x80) return val;
-               b = buf[this.pos];   val |= (b & 0x0f) << 28;
+           currOffset = regionEnd;
+         }
 
-               return readVarintRemainder(val, isSigned, this);
-           },
+         advanceTo(o.length);
+         return results;
+       } // Applies the output of diff3MergeRegions to actually
+       // construct the merged buffer; the returned result alternates
+       // between 'ok' and 'conflict' blocks.
+       // A "false conflict" is where `a` and `b` both change the same from `o`
 
-           readVarint64: function() { // for compatibility with v2.0.1
-               return this.readVarint(true);
-           },
 
-           readSVarint: function() {
-               var num = this.readVarint();
-               return num % 2 === 1 ? (num + 1) / -2 : num / 2; // zigzag encoding
-           },
+       function diff3Merge(a, o, b, options) {
+         var defaults = {
+           excludeFalseConflicts: true,
+           stringSeparator: /\s+/
+         };
+         options = Object.assign(defaults, options);
+         var aString = typeof a === 'string';
+         var oString = typeof o === 'string';
+         var bString = typeof b === 'string';
+         if (aString) a = a.split(options.stringSeparator);
+         if (oString) o = o.split(options.stringSeparator);
+         if (bString) b = b.split(options.stringSeparator);
+         var results = [];
+         var regions = diff3MergeRegions(a, o, b);
+         var okBuffer = [];
 
-           readBoolean: function() {
-               return Boolean(this.readVarint());
-           },
+         function flushOk() {
+           if (okBuffer.length) {
+             results.push({
+               ok: okBuffer
+             });
+           }
 
-           readString: function() {
-               var end = this.readVarint() + this.pos;
-               var pos = this.pos;
-               this.pos = end;
+           okBuffer = [];
+         }
 
-               if (end - pos >= TEXT_DECODER_MIN_LENGTH && utf8TextDecoder) {
-                   // longer strings are fast with the built-in browser TextDecoder API
-                   return readUtf8TextDecoder(this.buf, pos, end);
-               }
-               // short strings are fast with our custom implementation
-               return readUtf8(this.buf, pos, end);
-           },
+         function isFalseConflict(a, b) {
+           if (a.length !== b.length) return false;
 
-           readBytes: function() {
-               var end = this.readVarint() + this.pos,
-                   buffer = this.buf.subarray(this.pos, end);
-               this.pos = end;
-               return buffer;
-           },
+           for (var i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
+             if (a[i] !== b[i]) return false;
+           }
 
-           // verbose for performance reasons; doesn't affect gzipped size
+           return true;
+         }
 
-           readPackedVarint: function(arr, isSigned) {
-               if (this.type !== Pbf.Bytes) return arr.push(this.readVarint(isSigned));
-               var end = readPackedEnd(this);
-               arr = arr || [];
-               while (this.pos < end) arr.push(this.readVarint(isSigned));
-               return arr;
-           },
-           readPackedSVarint: function(arr) {
-               if (this.type !== Pbf.Bytes) return arr.push(this.readSVarint());
-               var end = readPackedEnd(this);
-               arr = arr || [];
-               while (this.pos < end) arr.push(this.readSVarint());
-               return arr;
-           },
-           readPackedBoolean: function(arr) {
-               if (this.type !== Pbf.Bytes) return arr.push(this.readBoolean());
-               var end = readPackedEnd(this);
-               arr = arr || [];
-               while (this.pos < end) arr.push(this.readBoolean());
-               return arr;
-           },
-           readPackedFloat: function(arr) {
-               if (this.type !== Pbf.Bytes) return arr.push(this.readFloat());
-               var end = readPackedEnd(this);
-               arr = arr || [];
-               while (this.pos < end) arr.push(this.readFloat());
-               return arr;
-           },
-           readPackedDouble: function(arr) {
-               if (this.type !== Pbf.Bytes) return arr.push(this.readDouble());
-               var end = readPackedEnd(this);
-               arr = arr || [];
-               while (this.pos < end) arr.push(this.readDouble());
-               return arr;
-           },
-           readPackedFixed32: function(arr) {
-               if (this.type !== Pbf.Bytes) return arr.push(this.readFixed32());
-               var end = readPackedEnd(this);
-               arr = arr || [];
-               while (this.pos < end) arr.push(this.readFixed32());
-               return arr;
-           },
-           readPackedSFixed32: function(arr) {
-               if (this.type !== Pbf.Bytes) return arr.push(this.readSFixed32());
-               var end = readPackedEnd(this);
-               arr = arr || [];
-               while (this.pos < end) arr.push(this.readSFixed32());
-               return arr;
-           },
-           readPackedFixed64: function(arr) {
-               if (this.type !== Pbf.Bytes) return arr.push(this.readFixed64());
-               var end = readPackedEnd(this);
-               arr = arr || [];
-               while (this.pos < end) arr.push(this.readFixed64());
-               return arr;
-           },
-           readPackedSFixed64: function(arr) {
-               if (this.type !== Pbf.Bytes) return arr.push(this.readSFixed64());
-               var end = readPackedEnd(this);
-               arr = arr || [];
-               while (this.pos < end) arr.push(this.readSFixed64());
-               return arr;
-           },
+         regions.forEach(function (region) {
+           if (region.stable) {
+             var _okBuffer;
 
-           skip: function(val) {
-               var type = val & 0x7;
-               if (type === Pbf.Varint) while (this.buf[this.pos++] > 0x7f) {}
-               else if (type === Pbf.Bytes) this.pos = this.readVarint() + this.pos;
-               else if (type === Pbf.Fixed32) this.pos += 4;
-               else if (type === Pbf.Fixed64) this.pos += 8;
-               else throw new Error('Unimplemented type: ' + type);
-           },
+             (_okBuffer = okBuffer).push.apply(_okBuffer, _toConsumableArray(region.bufferContent));
+           } else {
+             if (options.excludeFalseConflicts && isFalseConflict(region.aContent, region.bContent)) {
+               var _okBuffer2;
 
-           // === WRITING =================================================================
+               (_okBuffer2 = okBuffer).push.apply(_okBuffer2, _toConsumableArray(region.aContent));
+             } else {
+               flushOk();
+               results.push({
+                 conflict: {
+                   a: region.aContent,
+                   aIndex: region.aStart,
+                   o: region.oContent,
+                   oIndex: region.oStart,
+                   b: region.bContent,
+                   bIndex: region.bStart
+                 }
+               });
+             }
+           }
+         });
+         flushOk();
+         return results;
+       }
 
-           writeTag: function(tag, type) {
-               this.writeVarint((tag << 3) | type);
-           },
+       function actionMergeRemoteChanges(id, localGraph, remoteGraph, discardTags, formatUser) {
+         discardTags = discardTags || {};
+         var _option = 'safe'; // 'safe', 'force_local', 'force_remote'
 
-           realloc: function(min) {
-               var length = this.length || 16;
+         var _conflicts = [];
 
-               while (length < this.pos + min) length *= 2;
+         function user(d) {
+           return typeof formatUser === 'function' ? formatUser(d) : d;
+         }
 
-               if (length !== this.length) {
-                   var buf = new Uint8Array(length);
-                   buf.set(this.buf);
-                   this.buf = buf;
-                   this.length = length;
-               }
-           },
+         function mergeLocation(remote, target) {
+           function pointEqual(a, b) {
+             var epsilon = 1e-6;
+             return Math.abs(a[0] - b[0]) < epsilon && Math.abs(a[1] - b[1]) < epsilon;
+           }
 
-           finish: function() {
-               this.length = this.pos;
-               this.pos = 0;
-               return this.buf.subarray(0, this.length);
-           },
+           if (_option === 'force_local' || pointEqual(target.loc, remote.loc)) {
+             return target;
+           }
 
-           writeFixed32: function(val) {
-               this.realloc(4);
-               writeInt32(this.buf, val, this.pos);
-               this.pos += 4;
-           },
+           if (_option === 'force_remote') {
+             return target.update({
+               loc: remote.loc
+             });
+           }
 
-           writeSFixed32: function(val) {
-               this.realloc(4);
-               writeInt32(this.buf, val, this.pos);
-               this.pos += 4;
-           },
+           _conflicts.push(_t('merge_remote_changes.conflict.location', {
+             user: user(remote.user)
+           }));
 
-           writeFixed64: function(val) {
-               this.realloc(8);
-               writeInt32(this.buf, val & -1, this.pos);
-               writeInt32(this.buf, Math.floor(val * SHIFT_RIGHT_32), this.pos + 4);
-               this.pos += 8;
-           },
+           return target;
+         }
 
-           writeSFixed64: function(val) {
-               this.realloc(8);
-               writeInt32(this.buf, val & -1, this.pos);
-               writeInt32(this.buf, Math.floor(val * SHIFT_RIGHT_32), this.pos + 4);
-               this.pos += 8;
-           },
+         function mergeNodes(base, remote, target) {
+           if (_option === 'force_local' || fastDeepEqual(target.nodes, remote.nodes)) {
+             return target;
+           }
 
-           writeVarint: function(val) {
-               val = +val || 0;
+           if (_option === 'force_remote') {
+             return target.update({
+               nodes: remote.nodes
+             });
+           }
 
-               if (val > 0xfffffff || val < 0) {
-                   writeBigVarint(val, this);
-                   return;
-               }
+           var ccount = _conflicts.length;
+           var o = base.nodes || [];
+           var a = target.nodes || [];
+           var b = remote.nodes || [];
+           var nodes = [];
+           var hunks = diff3Merge(a, o, b, {
+             excludeFalseConflicts: true
+           });
 
-               this.realloc(4);
+           for (var i = 0; i < hunks.length; i++) {
+             var hunk = hunks[i];
 
-               this.buf[this.pos++] =           val & 0x7f  | (val > 0x7f ? 0x80 : 0); if (val <= 0x7f) return;
-               this.buf[this.pos++] = ((val >>>= 7) & 0x7f) | (val > 0x7f ? 0x80 : 0); if (val <= 0x7f) return;
-               this.buf[this.pos++] = ((val >>>= 7) & 0x7f) | (val > 0x7f ? 0x80 : 0); if (val <= 0x7f) return;
-               this.buf[this.pos++] =   (val >>> 7) & 0x7f;
-           },
+             if (hunk.ok) {
+               nodes.push.apply(nodes, hunk.ok);
+             } else {
+               // for all conflicts, we can assume c.a !== c.b
+               // because `diff3Merge` called with `true` option to exclude false conflicts..
+               var c = hunk.conflict;
+
+               if (fastDeepEqual(c.o, c.a)) {
+                 // only changed remotely
+                 nodes.push.apply(nodes, c.b);
+               } else if (fastDeepEqual(c.o, c.b)) {
+                 // only changed locally
+                 nodes.push.apply(nodes, c.a);
+               } else {
+                 // changed both locally and remotely
+                 _conflicts.push(_t('merge_remote_changes.conflict.nodelist', {
+                   user: user(remote.user)
+                 }));
 
-           writeSVarint: function(val) {
-               this.writeVarint(val < 0 ? -val * 2 - 1 : val * 2);
-           },
+                 break;
+               }
+             }
+           }
 
-           writeBoolean: function(val) {
-               this.writeVarint(Boolean(val));
-           },
+           return _conflicts.length === ccount ? target.update({
+             nodes: nodes
+           }) : target;
+         }
 
-           writeString: function(str) {
-               str = String(str);
-               this.realloc(str.length * 4);
+         function mergeChildren(targetWay, children, updates, graph) {
+           function isUsed(node, targetWay) {
+             var hasInterestingParent = graph.parentWays(node).some(function (way) {
+               return way.id !== targetWay.id;
+             });
+             return node.hasInterestingTags() || hasInterestingParent || graph.parentRelations(node).length > 0;
+           }
 
-               this.pos++; // reserve 1 byte for short string length
+           var ccount = _conflicts.length;
 
-               var startPos = this.pos;
-               // write the string directly to the buffer and see how much was written
-               this.pos = writeUtf8(this.buf, str, this.pos);
-               var len = this.pos - startPos;
+           for (var i = 0; i < children.length; i++) {
+             var id = children[i];
+             var node = graph.hasEntity(id); // remove unused childNodes..
 
-               if (len >= 0x80) makeRoomForExtraLength(startPos, len, this);
+             if (targetWay.nodes.indexOf(id) === -1) {
+               if (node && !isUsed(node, targetWay)) {
+                 updates.removeIds.push(id);
+               }
 
-               // finally, write the message length in the reserved place and restore the position
-               this.pos = startPos - 1;
-               this.writeVarint(len);
-               this.pos += len;
-           },
+               continue;
+             } // restore used childNodes..
 
-           writeFloat: function(val) {
-               this.realloc(4);
-               ieee754.write(this.buf, val, this.pos, true, 23, 4);
-               this.pos += 4;
-           },
 
-           writeDouble: function(val) {
-               this.realloc(8);
-               ieee754.write(this.buf, val, this.pos, true, 52, 8);
-               this.pos += 8;
-           },
+             var local = localGraph.hasEntity(id);
+             var remote = remoteGraph.hasEntity(id);
+             var target;
 
-           writeBytes: function(buffer) {
-               var len = buffer.length;
-               this.writeVarint(len);
-               this.realloc(len);
-               for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) this.buf[this.pos++] = buffer[i];
-           },
+             if (_option === 'force_remote' && remote && remote.visible) {
+               updates.replacements.push(remote);
+             } else if (_option === 'force_local' && local) {
+               target = osmEntity(local);
 
-           writeRawMessage: function(fn, obj) {
-               this.pos++; // reserve 1 byte for short message length
+               if (remote) {
+                 target = target.update({
+                   version: remote.version
+                 });
+               }
 
-               // write the message directly to the buffer and see how much was written
-               var startPos = this.pos;
-               fn(obj, this);
-               var len = this.pos - startPos;
+               updates.replacements.push(target);
+             } else if (_option === 'safe' && local && remote && local.version !== remote.version) {
+               target = osmEntity(local, {
+                 version: remote.version
+               });
 
-               if (len >= 0x80) makeRoomForExtraLength(startPos, len, this);
+               if (remote.visible) {
+                 target = mergeLocation(remote, target);
+               } else {
+                 _conflicts.push(_t('merge_remote_changes.conflict.deleted', {
+                   user: user(remote.user)
+                 }));
+               }
 
-               // finally, write the message length in the reserved place and restore the position
-               this.pos = startPos - 1;
-               this.writeVarint(len);
-               this.pos += len;
-           },
+               if (_conflicts.length !== ccount) break;
+               updates.replacements.push(target);
+             }
+           }
 
-           writeMessage: function(tag, fn, obj) {
-               this.writeTag(tag, Pbf.Bytes);
-               this.writeRawMessage(fn, obj);
-           },
+           return targetWay;
+         }
 
-           writePackedVarint:   function(tag, arr) { if (arr.length) this.writeMessage(tag, writePackedVarint, arr);   },
-           writePackedSVarint:  function(tag, arr) { if (arr.length) this.writeMessage(tag, writePackedSVarint, arr);  },
-           writePackedBoolean:  function(tag, arr) { if (arr.length) this.writeMessage(tag, writePackedBoolean, arr);  },
-           writePackedFloat:    function(tag, arr) { if (arr.length) this.writeMessage(tag, writePackedFloat, arr);    },
-           writePackedDouble:   function(tag, arr) { if (arr.length) this.writeMessage(tag, writePackedDouble, arr);   },
-           writePackedFixed32:  function(tag, arr) { if (arr.length) this.writeMessage(tag, writePackedFixed32, arr);  },
-           writePackedSFixed32: function(tag, arr) { if (arr.length) this.writeMessage(tag, writePackedSFixed32, arr); },
-           writePackedFixed64:  function(tag, arr) { if (arr.length) this.writeMessage(tag, writePackedFixed64, arr);  },
-           writePackedSFixed64: function(tag, arr) { if (arr.length) this.writeMessage(tag, writePackedSFixed64, arr); },
-
-           writeBytesField: function(tag, buffer) {
-               this.writeTag(tag, Pbf.Bytes);
-               this.writeBytes(buffer);
-           },
-           writeFixed32Field: function(tag, val) {
-               this.writeTag(tag, Pbf.Fixed32);
-               this.writeFixed32(val);
-           },
-           writeSFixed32Field: function(tag, val) {
-               this.writeTag(tag, Pbf.Fixed32);
-               this.writeSFixed32(val);
-           },
-           writeFixed64Field: function(tag, val) {
-               this.writeTag(tag, Pbf.Fixed64);
-               this.writeFixed64(val);
-           },
-           writeSFixed64Field: function(tag, val) {
-               this.writeTag(tag, Pbf.Fixed64);
-               this.writeSFixed64(val);
-           },
-           writeVarintField: function(tag, val) {
-               this.writeTag(tag, Pbf.Varint);
-               this.writeVarint(val);
-           },
-           writeSVarintField: function(tag, val) {
-               this.writeTag(tag, Pbf.Varint);
-               this.writeSVarint(val);
-           },
-           writeStringField: function(tag, str) {
-               this.writeTag(tag, Pbf.Bytes);
-               this.writeString(str);
-           },
-           writeFloatField: function(tag, val) {
-               this.writeTag(tag, Pbf.Fixed32);
-               this.writeFloat(val);
-           },
-           writeDoubleField: function(tag, val) {
-               this.writeTag(tag, Pbf.Fixed64);
-               this.writeDouble(val);
-           },
-           writeBooleanField: function(tag, val) {
-               this.writeVarintField(tag, Boolean(val));
+         function updateChildren(updates, graph) {
+           for (var i = 0; i < updates.replacements.length; i++) {
+             graph = graph.replace(updates.replacements[i]);
            }
-       };
 
-       function readVarintRemainder(l, s, p) {
-           var buf = p.buf,
-               h, b;
-
-           b = buf[p.pos++]; h  = (b & 0x70) >> 4;  if (b < 0x80) return toNum(l, h, s);
-           b = buf[p.pos++]; h |= (b & 0x7f) << 3;  if (b < 0x80) return toNum(l, h, s);
-           b = buf[p.pos++]; h |= (b & 0x7f) << 10; if (b < 0x80) return toNum(l, h, s);
-           b = buf[p.pos++]; h |= (b & 0x7f) << 17; if (b < 0x80) return toNum(l, h, s);
-           b = buf[p.pos++]; h |= (b & 0x7f) << 24; if (b < 0x80) return toNum(l, h, s);
-           b = buf[p.pos++]; h |= (b & 0x01) << 31; if (b < 0x80) return toNum(l, h, s);
+           if (updates.removeIds.length) {
+             graph = actionDeleteMultiple(updates.removeIds)(graph);
+           }
 
-           throw new Error('Expected varint not more than 10 bytes');
-       }
+           return graph;
+         }
 
-       function readPackedEnd(pbf) {
-           return pbf.type === Pbf.Bytes ?
-               pbf.readVarint() + pbf.pos : pbf.pos + 1;
-       }
+         function mergeMembers(remote, target) {
+           if (_option === 'force_local' || fastDeepEqual(target.members, remote.members)) {
+             return target;
+           }
 
-       function toNum(low, high, isSigned) {
-           if (isSigned) {
-               return high * 0x100000000 + (low >>> 0);
+           if (_option === 'force_remote') {
+             return target.update({
+               members: remote.members
+             });
            }
 
-           return ((high >>> 0) * 0x100000000) + (low >>> 0);
-       }
+           _conflicts.push(_t('merge_remote_changes.conflict.memberlist', {
+             user: user(remote.user)
+           }));
 
-       function writeBigVarint(val, pbf) {
-           var low, high;
+           return target;
+         }
 
-           if (val >= 0) {
-               low  = (val % 0x100000000) | 0;
-               high = (val / 0x100000000) | 0;
-           } else {
-               low  = ~(-val % 0x100000000);
-               high = ~(-val / 0x100000000);
+         function mergeTags(base, remote, target) {
+           if (_option === 'force_local' || fastDeepEqual(target.tags, remote.tags)) {
+             return target;
+           }
+
+           if (_option === 'force_remote') {
+             return target.update({
+               tags: remote.tags
+             });
+           }
 
-               if (low ^ 0xffffffff) {
-                   low = (low + 1) | 0;
+           var ccount = _conflicts.length;
+           var o = base.tags || {};
+           var a = target.tags || {};
+           var b = remote.tags || {};
+           var keys = utilArrayUnion(utilArrayUnion(Object.keys(o), Object.keys(a)), Object.keys(b)).filter(function (k) {
+             return !discardTags[k];
+           });
+           var tags = Object.assign({}, a); // shallow copy
+
+           var changed = false;
+
+           for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
+             var k = keys[i];
+
+             if (o[k] !== b[k] && a[k] !== b[k]) {
+               // changed remotely..
+               if (o[k] !== a[k]) {
+                 // changed locally..
+                 _conflicts.push(_t('merge_remote_changes.conflict.tags', {
+                   tag: k,
+                   local: a[k],
+                   remote: b[k],
+                   user: user(remote.user)
+                 }));
                } else {
-                   low = 0;
-                   high = (high + 1) | 0;
+                 // unchanged locally, accept remote change..
+                 if (b.hasOwnProperty(k)) {
+                   tags[k] = b[k];
+                 } else {
+                   delete tags[k];
+                 }
+
+                 changed = true;
                }
+             }
            }
 
-           if (val >= 0x10000000000000000 || val < -0x10000000000000000) {
-               throw new Error('Given varint doesn\'t fit into 10 bytes');
-           }
+           return changed && _conflicts.length === ccount ? target.update({
+             tags: tags
+           }) : target;
+         } //  `graph.base()` is the common ancestor of the two graphs.
+         //  `localGraph` contains user's edits up to saving
+         //  `remoteGraph` contains remote edits to modified nodes
+         //  `graph` must be a descendent of `localGraph` and may include
+         //      some conflict resolution actions performed on it.
+         //
+         //                  --- ... --- `localGraph` -- ... -- `graph`
+         //                 /
+         //  `graph.base()` --- ... --- `remoteGraph`
+         //
+
+
+         var action = function action(graph) {
+           var updates = {
+             replacements: [],
+             removeIds: []
+           };
+           var base = graph.base().entities[id];
+           var local = localGraph.entity(id);
+           var remote = remoteGraph.entity(id);
+           var target = osmEntity(local, {
+             version: remote.version
+           }); // delete/undelete
 
-           pbf.realloc(10);
+           if (!remote.visible) {
+             if (_option === 'force_remote') {
+               return actionDeleteMultiple([id])(graph);
+             } else if (_option === 'force_local') {
+               if (target.type === 'way') {
+                 target = mergeChildren(target, utilArrayUniq(local.nodes), updates, graph);
+                 graph = updateChildren(updates, graph);
+               }
+
+               return graph.replace(target);
+             } else {
+               _conflicts.push(_t('merge_remote_changes.conflict.deleted', {
+                 user: user(remote.user)
+               }));
 
-           writeBigVarintLow(low, high, pbf);
-           writeBigVarintHigh(high, pbf);
-       }
+               return graph; // do nothing
+             }
+           } // merge
 
-       function writeBigVarintLow(low, high, pbf) {
-           pbf.buf[pbf.pos++] = low & 0x7f | 0x80; low >>>= 7;
-           pbf.buf[pbf.pos++] = low & 0x7f | 0x80; low >>>= 7;
-           pbf.buf[pbf.pos++] = low & 0x7f | 0x80; low >>>= 7;
-           pbf.buf[pbf.pos++] = low & 0x7f | 0x80; low >>>= 7;
-           pbf.buf[pbf.pos]   = low & 0x7f;
-       }
 
-       function writeBigVarintHigh(high, pbf) {
-           var lsb = (high & 0x07) << 4;
+           if (target.type === 'node') {
+             target = mergeLocation(remote, target);
+           } else if (target.type === 'way') {
+             // pull in any child nodes that may not be present locally..
+             graph.rebase(remoteGraph.childNodes(remote), [graph], false);
+             target = mergeNodes(base, remote, target);
+             target = mergeChildren(target, utilArrayUnion(local.nodes, remote.nodes), updates, graph);
+           } else if (target.type === 'relation') {
+             target = mergeMembers(remote, target);
+           }
 
-           pbf.buf[pbf.pos++] |= lsb         | ((high >>>= 3) ? 0x80 : 0); if (!high) return;
-           pbf.buf[pbf.pos++]  = high & 0x7f | ((high >>>= 7) ? 0x80 : 0); if (!high) return;
-           pbf.buf[pbf.pos++]  = high & 0x7f | ((high >>>= 7) ? 0x80 : 0); if (!high) return;
-           pbf.buf[pbf.pos++]  = high & 0x7f | ((high >>>= 7) ? 0x80 : 0); if (!high) return;
-           pbf.buf[pbf.pos++]  = high & 0x7f | ((high >>>= 7) ? 0x80 : 0); if (!high) return;
-           pbf.buf[pbf.pos++]  = high & 0x7f;
-       }
+           target = mergeTags(base, remote, target);
 
-       function makeRoomForExtraLength(startPos, len, pbf) {
-           var extraLen =
-               len <= 0x3fff ? 1 :
-               len <= 0x1fffff ? 2 :
-               len <= 0xfffffff ? 3 : Math.floor(Math.log(len) / (Math.LN2 * 7));
+           if (!_conflicts.length) {
+             graph = updateChildren(updates, graph).replace(target);
+           }
 
-           // if 1 byte isn't enough for encoding message length, shift the data to the right
-           pbf.realloc(extraLen);
-           for (var i = pbf.pos - 1; i >= startPos; i--) pbf.buf[i + extraLen] = pbf.buf[i];
-       }
+           return graph;
+         };
 
-       function writePackedVarint(arr, pbf)   { for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) pbf.writeVarint(arr[i]);   }
-       function writePackedSVarint(arr, pbf)  { for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) pbf.writeSVarint(arr[i]);  }
-       function writePackedFloat(arr, pbf)    { for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) pbf.writeFloat(arr[i]);    }
-       function writePackedDouble(arr, pbf)   { for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) pbf.writeDouble(arr[i]);   }
-       function writePackedBoolean(arr, pbf)  { for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) pbf.writeBoolean(arr[i]);  }
-       function writePackedFixed32(arr, pbf)  { for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) pbf.writeFixed32(arr[i]);  }
-       function writePackedSFixed32(arr, pbf) { for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) pbf.writeSFixed32(arr[i]); }
-       function writePackedFixed64(arr, pbf)  { for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) pbf.writeFixed64(arr[i]);  }
-       function writePackedSFixed64(arr, pbf) { for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) pbf.writeSFixed64(arr[i]); }
+         action.withOption = function (opt) {
+           _option = opt;
+           return action;
+         };
 
-       // Buffer code below from https://github.com/feross/buffer, MIT-licensed
+         action.conflicts = function () {
+           return _conflicts;
+         };
 
-       function readUInt32(buf, pos) {
-           return ((buf[pos]) |
-               (buf[pos + 1] << 8) |
-               (buf[pos + 2] << 16)) +
-               (buf[pos + 3] * 0x1000000);
+         return action;
        }
 
-       function writeInt32(buf, val, pos) {
-           buf[pos] = val;
-           buf[pos + 1] = (val >>> 8);
-           buf[pos + 2] = (val >>> 16);
-           buf[pos + 3] = (val >>> 24);
-       }
+       // https://github.com/openstreetmap/potlatch2/blob/master/net/systemeD/halcyon/connection/actions/MoveNodeAction.as
 
-       function readInt32(buf, pos) {
-           return ((buf[pos]) |
-               (buf[pos + 1] << 8) |
-               (buf[pos + 2] << 16)) +
-               (buf[pos + 3] << 24);
-       }
+       function actionMove(moveIDs, tryDelta, projection, cache) {
+         var _delta = tryDelta;
 
-       function readUtf8(buf, pos, end) {
-           var str = '';
-           var i = pos;
+         function setupCache(graph) {
+           function canMove(nodeID) {
+             // Allow movement of any node that is in the selectedIDs list..
+             if (moveIDs.indexOf(nodeID) !== -1) return true; // Allow movement of a vertex where 2 ways meet..
 
-           while (i < end) {
-               var b0 = buf[i];
-               var c = null; // codepoint
-               var bytesPerSequence =
-                   b0 > 0xEF ? 4 :
-                   b0 > 0xDF ? 3 :
-                   b0 > 0xBF ? 2 : 1;
+             var parents = graph.parentWays(graph.entity(nodeID));
+             if (parents.length < 3) return true; // Restrict movement of a vertex where >2 ways meet, unless all parentWays are moving too..
 
-               if (i + bytesPerSequence > end) break;
+             var parentsMoving = parents.every(function (way) {
+               return cache.moving[way.id];
+             });
+             if (!parentsMoving) delete cache.moving[nodeID];
+             return parentsMoving;
+           }
 
-               var b1, b2, b3;
+           function cacheEntities(ids) {
+             for (var i = 0; i < ids.length; i++) {
+               var id = ids[i];
+               if (cache.moving[id]) continue;
+               cache.moving[id] = true;
+               var entity = graph.hasEntity(id);
+               if (!entity) continue;
 
-               if (bytesPerSequence === 1) {
-                   if (b0 < 0x80) {
-                       c = b0;
-                   }
-               } else if (bytesPerSequence === 2) {
-                   b1 = buf[i + 1];
-                   if ((b1 & 0xC0) === 0x80) {
-                       c = (b0 & 0x1F) << 0x6 | (b1 & 0x3F);
-                       if (c <= 0x7F) {
-                           c = null;
-                       }
-                   }
-               } else if (bytesPerSequence === 3) {
-                   b1 = buf[i + 1];
-                   b2 = buf[i + 2];
-                   if ((b1 & 0xC0) === 0x80 && (b2 & 0xC0) === 0x80) {
-                       c = (b0 & 0xF) << 0xC | (b1 & 0x3F) << 0x6 | (b2 & 0x3F);
-                       if (c <= 0x7FF || (c >= 0xD800 && c <= 0xDFFF)) {
-                           c = null;
-                       }
-                   }
-               } else if (bytesPerSequence === 4) {
-                   b1 = buf[i + 1];
-                   b2 = buf[i + 2];
-                   b3 = buf[i + 3];
-                   if ((b1 & 0xC0) === 0x80 && (b2 & 0xC0) === 0x80 && (b3 & 0xC0) === 0x80) {
-                       c = (b0 & 0xF) << 0x12 | (b1 & 0x3F) << 0xC | (b2 & 0x3F) << 0x6 | (b3 & 0x3F);
-                       if (c <= 0xFFFF || c >= 0x110000) {
-                           c = null;
-                       }
-                   }
+               if (entity.type === 'node') {
+                 cache.nodes.push(id);
+                 cache.startLoc[id] = entity.loc;
+               } else if (entity.type === 'way') {
+                 cache.ways.push(id);
+                 cacheEntities(entity.nodes);
+               } else {
+                 cacheEntities(entity.members.map(function (member) {
+                   return member.id;
+                 }));
                }
+             }
+           }
 
-               if (c === null) {
-                   c = 0xFFFD;
-                   bytesPerSequence = 1;
+           function cacheIntersections(ids) {
+             function isEndpoint(way, id) {
+               return !way.isClosed() && !!way.affix(id);
+             }
 
-               } else if (c > 0xFFFF) {
-                   c -= 0x10000;
-                   str += String.fromCharCode(c >>> 10 & 0x3FF | 0xD800);
-                   c = 0xDC00 | c & 0x3FF;
-               }
+             for (var i = 0; i < ids.length; i++) {
+               var id = ids[i]; // consider only intersections with 1 moved and 1 unmoved way.
 
-               str += String.fromCharCode(c);
-               i += bytesPerSequence;
-           }
+               var childNodes = graph.childNodes(graph.entity(id));
 
-           return str;
-       }
+               for (var j = 0; j < childNodes.length; j++) {
+                 var node = childNodes[j];
+                 var parents = graph.parentWays(node);
+                 if (parents.length !== 2) continue;
+                 var moved = graph.entity(id);
+                 var unmoved = null;
 
-       function readUtf8TextDecoder(buf, pos, end) {
-           return utf8TextDecoder.decode(buf.subarray(pos, end));
-       }
+                 for (var k = 0; k < parents.length; k++) {
+                   var way = parents[k];
 
-       function writeUtf8(buf, str, pos) {
-           for (var i = 0, c, lead; i < str.length; i++) {
-               c = str.charCodeAt(i); // code point
-
-               if (c > 0xD7FF && c < 0xE000) {
-                   if (lead) {
-                       if (c < 0xDC00) {
-                           buf[pos++] = 0xEF;
-                           buf[pos++] = 0xBF;
-                           buf[pos++] = 0xBD;
-                           lead = c;
-                           continue;
-                       } else {
-                           c = lead - 0xD800 << 10 | c - 0xDC00 | 0x10000;
-                           lead = null;
-                       }
-                   } else {
-                       if (c > 0xDBFF || (i + 1 === str.length)) {
-                           buf[pos++] = 0xEF;
-                           buf[pos++] = 0xBF;
-                           buf[pos++] = 0xBD;
-                       } else {
-                           lead = c;
-                       }
-                       continue;
+                   if (!cache.moving[way.id]) {
+                     unmoved = way;
+                     break;
                    }
-               } else if (lead) {
-                   buf[pos++] = 0xEF;
-                   buf[pos++] = 0xBF;
-                   buf[pos++] = 0xBD;
-                   lead = null;
-               }
+                 }
 
-               if (c < 0x80) {
-                   buf[pos++] = c;
-               } else {
-                   if (c < 0x800) {
-                       buf[pos++] = c >> 0x6 | 0xC0;
-                   } else {
-                       if (c < 0x10000) {
-                           buf[pos++] = c >> 0xC | 0xE0;
-                       } else {
-                           buf[pos++] = c >> 0x12 | 0xF0;
-                           buf[pos++] = c >> 0xC & 0x3F | 0x80;
-                       }
-                       buf[pos++] = c >> 0x6 & 0x3F | 0x80;
-                   }
-                   buf[pos++] = c & 0x3F | 0x80;
+                 if (!unmoved) continue; // exclude ways that are overly connected..
+
+                 if (utilArrayIntersection(moved.nodes, unmoved.nodes).length > 2) continue;
+                 if (moved.isArea() || unmoved.isArea()) continue;
+                 cache.intersections.push({
+                   nodeId: node.id,
+                   movedId: moved.id,
+                   unmovedId: unmoved.id,
+                   movedIsEP: isEndpoint(moved, node.id),
+                   unmovedIsEP: isEndpoint(unmoved, node.id)
+                 });
                }
+             }
            }
-           return pos;
-       }
 
-       var pointGeometry = Point;
+           if (!cache) {
+             cache = {};
+           }
 
-       /**
-        * A standalone point geometry with useful accessor, comparison, and
-        * modification methods.
-        *
-        * @class Point
-        * @param {Number} x the x-coordinate. this could be longitude or screen
-        * pixels, or any other sort of unit.
-        * @param {Number} y the y-coordinate. this could be latitude or screen
-        * pixels, or any other sort of unit.
-        * @example
-        * var point = new Point(-77, 38);
-        */
-       function Point(x, y) {
-           this.x = x;
-           this.y = y;
-       }
+           if (!cache.ok) {
+             cache.moving = {};
+             cache.intersections = [];
+             cache.replacedVertex = {};
+             cache.startLoc = {};
+             cache.nodes = [];
+             cache.ways = [];
+             cacheEntities(moveIDs);
+             cacheIntersections(cache.ways);
+             cache.nodes = cache.nodes.filter(canMove);
+             cache.ok = true;
+           }
+         } // Place a vertex where the moved vertex used to be, to preserve way shape..
+         //
+         //  Start:
+         //      b ---- e
+         //     / \
+         //    /   \
+         //   /     \
+         //  a       c
+         //
+         //      *               node '*' added to preserve shape
+         //     / \
+         //    /   b ---- e      way `b,e` moved here:
+         //   /     \
+         //  a       c
+         //
+         //
 
-       Point.prototype = {
 
-           /**
-            * Clone this point, returning a new point that can be modified
-            * without affecting the old one.
-            * @return {Point} the clone
-            */
-           clone: function() { return new Point(this.x, this.y); },
+         function replaceMovedVertex(nodeId, wayId, graph, delta) {
+           var way = graph.entity(wayId);
+           var moved = graph.entity(nodeId);
+           var movedIndex = way.nodes.indexOf(nodeId);
+           var len, prevIndex, nextIndex;
 
-           /**
-            * Add this point's x & y coordinates to another point,
-            * yielding a new point.
-            * @param {Point} p the other point
-            * @return {Point} output point
-            */
-           add:     function(p) { return this.clone()._add(p); },
+           if (way.isClosed()) {
+             len = way.nodes.length - 1;
+             prevIndex = (movedIndex + len - 1) % len;
+             nextIndex = (movedIndex + len + 1) % len;
+           } else {
+             len = way.nodes.length;
+             prevIndex = movedIndex - 1;
+             nextIndex = movedIndex + 1;
+           }
 
-           /**
-            * Subtract this point's x & y coordinates to from point,
-            * yielding a new point.
-            * @param {Point} p the other point
-            * @return {Point} output point
-            */
-           sub:     function(p) { return this.clone()._sub(p); },
+           var prev = graph.hasEntity(way.nodes[prevIndex]);
+           var next = graph.hasEntity(way.nodes[nextIndex]); // Don't add orig vertex at endpoint..
 
-           /**
-            * Multiply this point's x & y coordinates by point,
-            * yielding a new point.
-            * @param {Point} p the other point
-            * @return {Point} output point
-            */
-           multByPoint:    function(p) { return this.clone()._multByPoint(p); },
+           if (!prev || !next) return graph;
+           var key = wayId + '_' + nodeId;
+           var orig = cache.replacedVertex[key];
 
-           /**
-            * Divide this point's x & y coordinates by point,
-            * yielding a new point.
-            * @param {Point} p the other point
-            * @return {Point} output point
-            */
-           divByPoint:     function(p) { return this.clone()._divByPoint(p); },
+           if (!orig) {
+             orig = osmNode();
+             cache.replacedVertex[key] = orig;
+             cache.startLoc[orig.id] = cache.startLoc[nodeId];
+           }
 
-           /**
-            * Multiply this point's x & y coordinates by a factor,
-            * yielding a new point.
-            * @param {Point} k factor
-            * @return {Point} output point
-            */
-           mult:    function(k) { return this.clone()._mult(k); },
+           var start, end;
 
-           /**
-            * Divide this point's x & y coordinates by a factor,
-            * yielding a new point.
-            * @param {Point} k factor
-            * @return {Point} output point
-            */
-           div:     function(k) { return this.clone()._div(k); },
+           if (delta) {
+             start = projection(cache.startLoc[nodeId]);
+             end = projection.invert(geoVecAdd(start, delta));
+           } else {
+             end = cache.startLoc[nodeId];
+           }
 
-           /**
-            * Rotate this point around the 0, 0 origin by an angle a,
-            * given in radians
-            * @param {Number} a angle to rotate around, in radians
-            * @return {Point} output point
-            */
-           rotate:  function(a) { return this.clone()._rotate(a); },
+           orig = orig.move(end);
+           var angle = Math.abs(geoAngle(orig, prev, projection) - geoAngle(orig, next, projection)) * 180 / Math.PI; // Don't add orig vertex if it would just make a straight line..
 
-           /**
-            * Rotate this point around p point by an angle a,
-            * given in radians
-            * @param {Number} a angle to rotate around, in radians
-            * @param {Point} p Point to rotate around
-            * @return {Point} output point
-            */
-           rotateAround:  function(a,p) { return this.clone()._rotateAround(a,p); },
+           if (angle > 175 && angle < 185) return graph; // moving forward or backward along way?
 
-           /**
-            * Multiply this point by a 4x1 transformation matrix
-            * @param {Array<Number>} m transformation matrix
-            * @return {Point} output point
-            */
-           matMult: function(m) { return this.clone()._matMult(m); },
+           var p1 = [prev.loc, orig.loc, moved.loc, next.loc].map(projection);
+           var p2 = [prev.loc, moved.loc, orig.loc, next.loc].map(projection);
+           var d1 = geoPathLength(p1);
+           var d2 = geoPathLength(p2);
+           var insertAt = d1 <= d2 ? movedIndex : nextIndex; // moving around closed loop?
 
-           /**
-            * Calculate this point but as a unit vector from 0, 0, meaning
-            * that the distance from the resulting point to the 0, 0
-            * coordinate will be equal to 1 and the angle from the resulting
-            * point to the 0, 0 coordinate will be the same as before.
-            * @return {Point} unit vector point
-            */
-           unit:    function() { return this.clone()._unit(); },
+           if (way.isClosed() && insertAt === 0) insertAt = len;
+           way = way.addNode(orig.id, insertAt);
+           return graph.replace(orig).replace(way);
+         } // Remove duplicate vertex that might have been added by
+         // replaceMovedVertex.  This is done after the unzorro checks.
 
-           /**
-            * Compute a perpendicular point, where the new y coordinate
-            * is the old x coordinate and the new x coordinate is the old y
-            * coordinate multiplied by -1
-            * @return {Point} perpendicular point
-            */
-           perp:    function() { return this.clone()._perp(); },
 
-           /**
-            * Return a version of this point with the x & y coordinates
-            * rounded to integers.
-            * @return {Point} rounded point
-            */
-           round:   function() { return this.clone()._round(); },
+         function removeDuplicateVertices(wayId, graph) {
+           var way = graph.entity(wayId);
+           var epsilon = 1e-6;
+           var prev, curr;
 
-           /**
-            * Return the magitude of this point: this is the Euclidean
-            * distance from the 0, 0 coordinate to this point's x and y
-            * coordinates.
-            * @return {Number} magnitude
-            */
-           mag: function() {
-               return Math.sqrt(this.x * this.x + this.y * this.y);
-           },
+           function isInteresting(node, graph) {
+             return graph.parentWays(node).length > 1 || graph.parentRelations(node).length || node.hasInterestingTags();
+           }
 
-           /**
-            * Judge whether this point is equal to another point, returning
-            * true or false.
-            * @param {Point} other the other point
-            * @return {boolean} whether the points are equal
-            */
-           equals: function(other) {
-               return this.x === other.x &&
-                      this.y === other.y;
-           },
+           for (var i = 0; i < way.nodes.length; i++) {
+             curr = graph.entity(way.nodes[i]);
 
-           /**
-            * Calculate the distance from this point to another point
-            * @param {Point} p the other point
-            * @return {Number} distance
-            */
-           dist: function(p) {
-               return Math.sqrt(this.distSqr(p));
-           },
+             if (prev && curr && geoVecEqual(prev.loc, curr.loc, epsilon)) {
+               if (!isInteresting(prev, graph)) {
+                 way = way.removeNode(prev.id);
+                 graph = graph.replace(way).remove(prev);
+               } else if (!isInteresting(curr, graph)) {
+                 way = way.removeNode(curr.id);
+                 graph = graph.replace(way).remove(curr);
+               }
+             }
 
-           /**
-            * Calculate the distance from this point to another point,
-            * without the square root step. Useful if you're comparing
-            * relative distances.
-            * @param {Point} p the other point
-            * @return {Number} distance
-            */
-           distSqr: function(p) {
-               var dx = p.x - this.x,
-                   dy = p.y - this.y;
-               return dx * dx + dy * dy;
-           },
+             prev = curr;
+           }
 
-           /**
-            * Get the angle from the 0, 0 coordinate to this point, in radians
-            * coordinates.
-            * @return {Number} angle
-            */
-           angle: function() {
-               return Math.atan2(this.y, this.x);
-           },
+           return graph;
+         } // Reorder nodes around intersections that have moved..
+         //
+         //  Start:                way1.nodes: b,e         (moving)
+         //  a - b - c ----- d     way2.nodes: a,b,c,d     (static)
+         //      |                 vertex: b
+         //      e                 isEP1: true,  isEP2, false
+         //
+         //  way1 `b,e` moved here:
+         //  a ----- c = b - d
+         //              |
+         //              e
+         //
+         //  reorder nodes         way1.nodes: b,e
+         //  a ----- c - b - d     way2.nodes: a,c,b,d
+         //              |
+         //              e
+         //
 
-           /**
-            * Get the angle from this point to another point, in radians
-            * @param {Point} b the other point
-            * @return {Number} angle
-            */
-           angleTo: function(b) {
-               return Math.atan2(this.y - b.y, this.x - b.x);
-           },
 
-           /**
-            * Get the angle between this point and another point, in radians
-            * @param {Point} b the other point
-            * @return {Number} angle
-            */
-           angleWith: function(b) {
-               return this.angleWithSep(b.x, b.y);
-           },
+         function unZorroIntersection(intersection, graph) {
+           var vertex = graph.entity(intersection.nodeId);
+           var way1 = graph.entity(intersection.movedId);
+           var way2 = graph.entity(intersection.unmovedId);
+           var isEP1 = intersection.movedIsEP;
+           var isEP2 = intersection.unmovedIsEP; // don't move the vertex if it is the endpoint of both ways.
 
-           /*
-            * Find the angle of the two vectors, solving the formula for
-            * the cross product a x b = |a||b|sin(θ) for θ.
-            * @param {Number} x the x-coordinate
-            * @param {Number} y the y-coordinate
-            * @return {Number} the angle in radians
-            */
-           angleWithSep: function(x, y) {
-               return Math.atan2(
-                   this.x * y - this.y * x,
-                   this.x * x + this.y * y);
-           },
+           if (isEP1 && isEP2) return graph;
+           var nodes1 = graph.childNodes(way1).filter(function (n) {
+             return n !== vertex;
+           });
+           var nodes2 = graph.childNodes(way2).filter(function (n) {
+             return n !== vertex;
+           });
+           if (way1.isClosed() && way1.first() === vertex.id) nodes1.push(nodes1[0]);
+           if (way2.isClosed() && way2.first() === vertex.id) nodes2.push(nodes2[0]);
+           var edge1 = !isEP1 && geoChooseEdge(nodes1, projection(vertex.loc), projection);
+           var edge2 = !isEP2 && geoChooseEdge(nodes2, projection(vertex.loc), projection);
+           var loc; // snap vertex to nearest edge (or some point between them)..
+
+           if (!isEP1 && !isEP2) {
+             var epsilon = 1e-6,
+                 maxIter = 10;
+
+             for (var i = 0; i < maxIter; i++) {
+               loc = geoVecInterp(edge1.loc, edge2.loc, 0.5);
+               edge1 = geoChooseEdge(nodes1, projection(loc), projection);
+               edge2 = geoChooseEdge(nodes2, projection(loc), projection);
+               if (Math.abs(edge1.distance - edge2.distance) < epsilon) break;
+             }
+           } else if (!isEP1) {
+             loc = edge1.loc;
+           } else {
+             loc = edge2.loc;
+           }
 
-           _matMult: function(m) {
-               var x = m[0] * this.x + m[1] * this.y,
-                   y = m[2] * this.x + m[3] * this.y;
-               this.x = x;
-               this.y = y;
-               return this;
-           },
+           graph = graph.replace(vertex.move(loc)); // if zorro happened, reorder nodes..
 
-           _add: function(p) {
-               this.x += p.x;
-               this.y += p.y;
-               return this;
-           },
+           if (!isEP1 && edge1.index !== way1.nodes.indexOf(vertex.id)) {
+             way1 = way1.removeNode(vertex.id).addNode(vertex.id, edge1.index);
+             graph = graph.replace(way1);
+           }
 
-           _sub: function(p) {
-               this.x -= p.x;
-               this.y -= p.y;
-               return this;
-           },
+           if (!isEP2 && edge2.index !== way2.nodes.indexOf(vertex.id)) {
+             way2 = way2.removeNode(vertex.id).addNode(vertex.id, edge2.index);
+             graph = graph.replace(way2);
+           }
 
-           _mult: function(k) {
-               this.x *= k;
-               this.y *= k;
-               return this;
-           },
+           return graph;
+         }
 
-           _div: function(k) {
-               this.x /= k;
-               this.y /= k;
-               return this;
-           },
+         function cleanupIntersections(graph) {
+           for (var i = 0; i < cache.intersections.length; i++) {
+             var obj = cache.intersections[i];
+             graph = replaceMovedVertex(obj.nodeId, obj.movedId, graph, _delta);
+             graph = replaceMovedVertex(obj.nodeId, obj.unmovedId, graph, null);
+             graph = unZorroIntersection(obj, graph);
+             graph = removeDuplicateVertices(obj.movedId, graph);
+             graph = removeDuplicateVertices(obj.unmovedId, graph);
+           }
 
-           _multByPoint: function(p) {
-               this.x *= p.x;
-               this.y *= p.y;
-               return this;
-           },
+           return graph;
+         } // check if moving way endpoint can cross an unmoved way, if so limit delta..
 
-           _divByPoint: function(p) {
-               this.x /= p.x;
-               this.y /= p.y;
-               return this;
-           },
 
-           _unit: function() {
-               this._div(this.mag());
-               return this;
-           },
+         function limitDelta(graph) {
+           function moveNode(loc) {
+             return geoVecAdd(projection(loc), _delta);
+           }
 
-           _perp: function() {
-               var y = this.y;
-               this.y = this.x;
-               this.x = -y;
-               return this;
-           },
+           for (var i = 0; i < cache.intersections.length; i++) {
+             var obj = cache.intersections[i]; // Don't limit movement if this is vertex joins 2 endpoints..
 
-           _rotate: function(angle) {
-               var cos = Math.cos(angle),
-                   sin = Math.sin(angle),
-                   x = cos * this.x - sin * this.y,
-                   y = sin * this.x + cos * this.y;
-               this.x = x;
-               this.y = y;
-               return this;
-           },
+             if (obj.movedIsEP && obj.unmovedIsEP) continue; // Don't limit movement if this vertex is not an endpoint anyway..
 
-           _rotateAround: function(angle, p) {
-               var cos = Math.cos(angle),
-                   sin = Math.sin(angle),
-                   x = p.x + cos * (this.x - p.x) - sin * (this.y - p.y),
-                   y = p.y + sin * (this.x - p.x) + cos * (this.y - p.y);
-               this.x = x;
-               this.y = y;
-               return this;
-           },
+             if (!obj.movedIsEP) continue;
+             var node = graph.entity(obj.nodeId);
+             var start = projection(node.loc);
+             var end = geoVecAdd(start, _delta);
+             var movedNodes = graph.childNodes(graph.entity(obj.movedId));
+             var movedPath = movedNodes.map(function (n) {
+               return moveNode(n.loc);
+             });
+             var unmovedNodes = graph.childNodes(graph.entity(obj.unmovedId));
+             var unmovedPath = unmovedNodes.map(function (n) {
+               return projection(n.loc);
+             });
+             var hits = geoPathIntersections(movedPath, unmovedPath);
 
-           _round: function() {
-               this.x = Math.round(this.x);
-               this.y = Math.round(this.y);
-               return this;
+             for (var j = 0; i < hits.length; i++) {
+               if (geoVecEqual(hits[j], end)) continue;
+               var edge = geoChooseEdge(unmovedNodes, end, projection);
+               _delta = geoVecSubtract(projection(edge.loc), start);
+             }
            }
-       };
+         }
 
-       /**
-        * Construct a point from an array if necessary, otherwise if the input
-        * is already a Point, or an unknown type, return it unchanged
-        * @param {Array<Number>|Point|*} a any kind of input value
-        * @return {Point} constructed point, or passed-through value.
-        * @example
-        * // this
-        * var point = Point.convert([0, 1]);
-        * // is equivalent to
-        * var point = new Point(0, 1);
-        */
-       Point.convert = function (a) {
-           if (a instanceof Point) {
-               return a;
+         var action = function action(graph) {
+           if (_delta[0] === 0 && _delta[1] === 0) return graph;
+           setupCache(graph);
+
+           if (cache.intersections.length) {
+             limitDelta(graph);
            }
-           if (Array.isArray(a)) {
-               return new Point(a[0], a[1]);
+
+           for (var i = 0; i < cache.nodes.length; i++) {
+             var node = graph.entity(cache.nodes[i]);
+             var start = projection(node.loc);
+             var end = geoVecAdd(start, _delta);
+             graph = graph.replace(node.move(projection.invert(end)));
            }
-           return a;
-       };
 
-       var vectortilefeature = VectorTileFeature;
+           if (cache.intersections.length) {
+             graph = cleanupIntersections(graph);
+           }
 
-       function VectorTileFeature(pbf, end, extent, keys, values) {
-           // Public
-           this.properties = {};
-           this.extent = extent;
-           this.type = 0;
+           return graph;
+         };
 
-           // Private
-           this._pbf = pbf;
-           this._geometry = -1;
-           this._keys = keys;
-           this._values = values;
+         action.delta = function () {
+           return _delta;
+         };
 
-           pbf.readFields(readFeature, this, end);
+         return action;
        }
 
-       function readFeature(tag, feature, pbf) {
-           if (tag == 1) feature.id = pbf.readVarint();
-           else if (tag == 2) readTag(pbf, feature);
-           else if (tag == 3) feature.type = pbf.readVarint();
-           else if (tag == 4) feature._geometry = pbf.pos;
+       function actionMoveMember(relationId, fromIndex, toIndex) {
+         return function (graph) {
+           return graph.replace(graph.entity(relationId).moveMember(fromIndex, toIndex));
+         };
        }
 
-       function readTag(pbf, feature) {
-           var end = pbf.readVarint() + pbf.pos;
+       function actionMoveNode(nodeID, toLoc) {
+         var action = function action(graph, t) {
+           if (t === null || !isFinite(t)) t = 1;
+           t = Math.min(Math.max(+t, 0), 1);
+           var node = graph.entity(nodeID);
+           return graph.replace(node.move(geoVecInterp(node.loc, toLoc, t)));
+         };
 
-           while (pbf.pos < end) {
-               var key = feature._keys[pbf.readVarint()],
-                   value = feature._values[pbf.readVarint()];
-               feature.properties[key] = value;
-           }
+         action.transitionable = true;
+         return action;
        }
 
-       VectorTileFeature.types = ['Unknown', 'Point', 'LineString', 'Polygon'];
+       function actionNoop() {
+         return function (graph) {
+           return graph;
+         };
+       }
 
-       VectorTileFeature.prototype.loadGeometry = function() {
-           var pbf = this._pbf;
-           pbf.pos = this._geometry;
+       function actionOrthogonalize(wayID, projection, vertexID, degThresh, ep) {
+         var epsilon = ep || 1e-4;
+         var threshold = degThresh || 13; // degrees within right or straight to alter
+         // We test normalized dot products so we can compare as cos(angle)
 
-           var end = pbf.readVarint() + pbf.pos,
-               cmd = 1,
-               length = 0,
-               x = 0,
-               y = 0,
-               lines = [],
-               line;
+         var lowerThreshold = Math.cos((90 - threshold) * Math.PI / 180);
+         var upperThreshold = Math.cos(threshold * Math.PI / 180);
 
-           while (pbf.pos < end) {
-               if (length <= 0) {
-                   var cmdLen = pbf.readVarint();
-                   cmd = cmdLen & 0x7;
-                   length = cmdLen >> 3;
-               }
+         var action = function action(graph, t) {
+           if (t === null || !isFinite(t)) t = 1;
+           t = Math.min(Math.max(+t, 0), 1);
+           var way = graph.entity(wayID);
+           way = way.removeNode(''); // sanity check - remove any consecutive duplicates
 
-               length--;
+           if (way.tags.nonsquare) {
+             var tags = Object.assign({}, way.tags); // since we're squaring, remove indication that this is physically unsquare
 
-               if (cmd === 1 || cmd === 2) {
-                   x += pbf.readSVarint();
-                   y += pbf.readSVarint();
+             delete tags.nonsquare;
+             way = way.update({
+               tags: tags
+             });
+           }
 
-                   if (cmd === 1) { // moveTo
-                       if (line) lines.push(line);
-                       line = [];
-                   }
+           graph = graph.replace(way);
+           var isClosed = way.isClosed();
+           var nodes = graph.childNodes(way).slice(); // shallow copy
 
-                   line.push(new pointGeometry(x, y));
+           if (isClosed) nodes.pop();
 
-               } else if (cmd === 7) {
+           if (vertexID !== undefined) {
+             nodes = nodeSubset(nodes, vertexID, isClosed);
+             if (nodes.length !== 3) return graph;
+           } // note: all geometry functions here use the unclosed node/point/coord list
 
-                   // Workaround for https://github.com/mapbox/mapnik-vector-tile/issues/90
-                   if (line) {
-                       line.push(line[0].clone()); // closePolygon
-                   }
 
-               } else {
-                   throw new Error('unknown command ' + cmd);
-               }
+           var nodeCount = {};
+           var points = [];
+           var corner = {
+             i: 0,
+             dotp: 1
+           };
+           var node, point, loc, score, motions, i, j;
+
+           for (i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) {
+             node = nodes[i];
+             nodeCount[node.id] = (nodeCount[node.id] || 0) + 1;
+             points.push({
+               id: node.id,
+               coord: projection(node.loc)
+             });
            }
 
-           if (line) lines.push(line);
+           if (points.length === 3) {
+             // move only one vertex for right triangle
+             for (i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
+               motions = points.map(calcMotion);
+               points[corner.i].coord = geoVecAdd(points[corner.i].coord, motions[corner.i]);
+               score = corner.dotp;
 
-           return lines;
-       };
+               if (score < epsilon) {
+                 break;
+               }
+             }
 
-       VectorTileFeature.prototype.bbox = function() {
-           var pbf = this._pbf;
-           pbf.pos = this._geometry;
+             node = graph.entity(nodes[corner.i].id);
+             loc = projection.invert(points[corner.i].coord);
+             graph = graph.replace(node.move(geoVecInterp(node.loc, loc, t)));
+           } else {
+             var straights = [];
+             var simplified = []; // Remove points from nearly straight sections..
+             // This produces a simplified shape to orthogonalize
 
-           var end = pbf.readVarint() + pbf.pos,
-               cmd = 1,
-               length = 0,
-               x = 0,
-               y = 0,
-               x1 = Infinity,
-               x2 = -Infinity,
-               y1 = Infinity,
-               y2 = -Infinity;
+             for (i = 0; i < points.length; i++) {
+               point = points[i];
+               var dotp = 0;
+
+               if (isClosed || i > 0 && i < points.length - 1) {
+                 var a = points[(i - 1 + points.length) % points.length];
+                 var b = points[(i + 1) % points.length];
+                 dotp = Math.abs(geoOrthoNormalizedDotProduct(a.coord, b.coord, point.coord));
+               }
 
-           while (pbf.pos < end) {
-               if (length <= 0) {
-                   var cmdLen = pbf.readVarint();
-                   cmd = cmdLen & 0x7;
-                   length = cmdLen >> 3;
+               if (dotp > upperThreshold) {
+                 straights.push(point);
+               } else {
+                 simplified.push(point);
                }
+             } // Orthogonalize the simplified shape
 
-               length--;
 
-               if (cmd === 1 || cmd === 2) {
-                   x += pbf.readSVarint();
-                   y += pbf.readSVarint();
-                   if (x < x1) x1 = x;
-                   if (x > x2) x2 = x;
-                   if (y < y1) y1 = y;
-                   if (y > y2) y2 = y;
+             var bestPoints = clonePoints(simplified);
+             var originalPoints = clonePoints(simplified);
+             score = Infinity;
 
-               } else if (cmd !== 7) {
-                   throw new Error('unknown command ' + cmd);
-               }
-           }
+             for (i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
+               motions = simplified.map(calcMotion);
 
-           return [x1, y1, x2, y2];
-       };
+               for (j = 0; j < motions.length; j++) {
+                 simplified[j].coord = geoVecAdd(simplified[j].coord, motions[j]);
+               }
 
-       VectorTileFeature.prototype.toGeoJSON = function(x, y, z) {
-           var size = this.extent * Math.pow(2, z),
-               x0 = this.extent * x,
-               y0 = this.extent * y,
-               coords = this.loadGeometry(),
-               type = VectorTileFeature.types[this.type],
-               i, j;
+               var newScore = geoOrthoCalcScore(simplified, isClosed, epsilon, threshold);
 
-           function project(line) {
-               for (var j = 0; j < line.length; j++) {
-                   var p = line[j], y2 = 180 - (p.y + y0) * 360 / size;
-                   line[j] = [
-                       (p.x + x0) * 360 / size - 180,
-                       360 / Math.PI * Math.atan(Math.exp(y2 * Math.PI / 180)) - 90
-                   ];
+               if (newScore < score) {
+                 bestPoints = clonePoints(simplified);
+                 score = newScore;
                }
-           }
 
-           switch (this.type) {
-           case 1:
-               var points = [];
-               for (i = 0; i < coords.length; i++) {
-                   points[i] = coords[i][0];
+               if (score < epsilon) {
+                 break;
                }
-               coords = points;
-               project(coords);
-               break;
+             }
 
-           case 2:
-               for (i = 0; i < coords.length; i++) {
-                   project(coords[i]);
+             var bestCoords = bestPoints.map(function (p) {
+               return p.coord;
+             });
+             if (isClosed) bestCoords.push(bestCoords[0]); // move the nodes that should move
+
+             for (i = 0; i < bestPoints.length; i++) {
+               point = bestPoints[i];
+
+               if (!geoVecEqual(originalPoints[i].coord, point.coord)) {
+                 node = graph.entity(point.id);
+                 loc = projection.invert(point.coord);
+                 graph = graph.replace(node.move(geoVecInterp(node.loc, loc, t)));
                }
-               break;
+             } // move the nodes along straight segments
 
-           case 3:
-               coords = classifyRings(coords);
-               for (i = 0; i < coords.length; i++) {
-                   for (j = 0; j < coords[i].length; j++) {
-                       project(coords[i][j]);
-                   }
+
+             for (i = 0; i < straights.length; i++) {
+               point = straights[i];
+               if (nodeCount[point.id] > 1) continue; // skip self-intersections
+
+               node = graph.entity(point.id);
+
+               if (t === 1 && graph.parentWays(node).length === 1 && graph.parentRelations(node).length === 0 && !node.hasInterestingTags()) {
+                 // remove uninteresting points..
+                 graph = actionDeleteNode(node.id)(graph);
+               } else {
+                 // move interesting points to the nearest edge..
+                 var choice = geoVecProject(point.coord, bestCoords);
+
+                 if (choice) {
+                   loc = projection.invert(choice.target);
+                   graph = graph.replace(node.move(geoVecInterp(node.loc, loc, t)));
+                 }
                }
-               break;
+             }
            }
 
-           if (coords.length === 1) {
-               coords = coords[0];
-           } else {
-               type = 'Multi' + type;
+           return graph;
+
+           function clonePoints(array) {
+             return array.map(function (p) {
+               return {
+                 id: p.id,
+                 coord: [p.coord[0], p.coord[1]]
+               };
+             });
            }
 
-           var result = {
-               type: "Feature",
-               geometry: {
-                   type: type,
-                   coordinates: coords
-               },
-               properties: this.properties
-           };
+           function calcMotion(point, i, array) {
+             // don't try to move the endpoints of a non-closed way.
+             if (!isClosed && (i === 0 || i === array.length - 1)) return [0, 0]; // don't try to move a node that appears more than once (self intersection)
+
+             if (nodeCount[array[i].id] > 1) return [0, 0];
+             var a = array[(i - 1 + array.length) % array.length].coord;
+             var origin = point.coord;
+             var b = array[(i + 1) % array.length].coord;
+             var p = geoVecSubtract(a, origin);
+             var q = geoVecSubtract(b, origin);
+             var scale = 2 * Math.min(geoVecLength(p), geoVecLength(q));
+             p = geoVecNormalize(p);
+             q = geoVecNormalize(q);
+             var dotp = p[0] * q[0] + p[1] * q[1];
+             var val = Math.abs(dotp);
+
+             if (val < lowerThreshold) {
+               // nearly orthogonal
+               corner.i = i;
+               corner.dotp = val;
+               var vec = geoVecNormalize(geoVecAdd(p, q));
+               return geoVecScale(vec, 0.1 * dotp * scale);
+             }
 
-           if ('id' in this) {
-               result.id = this.id;
+             return [0, 0]; // do nothing
            }
+         }; // if we are only orthogonalizing one vertex,
+         // get that vertex and the previous and next
 
-           return result;
-       };
 
-       // classifies an array of rings into polygons with outer rings and holes
+         function nodeSubset(nodes, vertexID, isClosed) {
+           var first = isClosed ? 0 : 1;
+           var last = isClosed ? nodes.length : nodes.length - 1;
 
-       function classifyRings(rings) {
-           var len = rings.length;
+           for (var i = first; i < last; i++) {
+             if (nodes[i].id === vertexID) {
+               return [nodes[(i - 1 + nodes.length) % nodes.length], nodes[i], nodes[(i + 1) % nodes.length]];
+             }
+           }
 
-           if (len <= 1) return [rings];
+           return [];
+         }
 
-           var polygons = [],
-               polygon,
-               ccw;
+         action.disabled = function (graph) {
+           var way = graph.entity(wayID);
+           way = way.removeNode(''); // sanity check - remove any consecutive duplicates
 
-           for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-               var area = signedArea$1(rings[i]);
-               if (area === 0) continue;
+           graph = graph.replace(way);
+           var isClosed = way.isClosed();
+           var nodes = graph.childNodes(way).slice(); // shallow copy
 
-               if (ccw === undefined) ccw = area < 0;
+           if (isClosed) nodes.pop();
+           var allowStraightAngles = false;
 
-               if (ccw === area < 0) {
-                   if (polygon) polygons.push(polygon);
-                   polygon = [rings[i]];
+           if (vertexID !== undefined) {
+             allowStraightAngles = true;
+             nodes = nodeSubset(nodes, vertexID, isClosed);
+             if (nodes.length !== 3) return 'end_vertex';
+           }
 
-               } else {
-                   polygon.push(rings[i]);
-               }
+           var coords = nodes.map(function (n) {
+             return projection(n.loc);
+           });
+           var score = geoOrthoCanOrthogonalize(coords, isClosed, epsilon, threshold, allowStraightAngles);
+
+           if (score === null) {
+             return 'not_squarish';
+           } else if (score === 0) {
+             return 'square_enough';
+           } else {
+             return false;
            }
-           if (polygon) polygons.push(polygon);
+         };
 
-           return polygons;
+         action.transitionable = true;
+         return action;
        }
 
-       function signedArea$1(ring) {
-           var sum = 0;
-           for (var i = 0, len = ring.length, j = len - 1, p1, p2; i < len; j = i++) {
-               p1 = ring[i];
-               p2 = ring[j];
-               sum += (p2.x - p1.x) * (p1.y + p2.y);
+       //
+       // `turn` must be an `osmTurn` object
+       // see osm/intersection.js, pathToTurn()
+       //
+       // This specifies a restriction of type `restriction` when traveling from
+       // `turn.from.way` toward `turn.to.way` via `turn.via.node` OR `turn.via.ways`.
+       // (The action does not check that these entities form a valid intersection.)
+       //
+       // From, to, and via ways should be split before calling this action.
+       // (old versions of the code would split the ways here, but we no longer do it)
+       //
+       // For testing convenience, accepts a restrictionID to assign to the new
+       // relation. Normally, this will be undefined and the relation will
+       // automatically be assigned a new ID.
+       //
+
+       function actionRestrictTurn(turn, restrictionType, restrictionID) {
+         return function (graph) {
+           var fromWay = graph.entity(turn.from.way);
+           var toWay = graph.entity(turn.to.way);
+           var viaNode = turn.via.node && graph.entity(turn.via.node);
+           var viaWays = turn.via.ways && turn.via.ways.map(function (id) {
+             return graph.entity(id);
+           });
+           var members = [];
+           members.push({
+             id: fromWay.id,
+             type: 'way',
+             role: 'from'
+           });
+
+           if (viaNode) {
+             members.push({
+               id: viaNode.id,
+               type: 'node',
+               role: 'via'
+             });
+           } else if (viaWays) {
+             viaWays.forEach(function (viaWay) {
+               members.push({
+                 id: viaWay.id,
+                 type: 'way',
+                 role: 'via'
+               });
+             });
            }
-           return sum;
+
+           members.push({
+             id: toWay.id,
+             type: 'way',
+             role: 'to'
+           });
+           return graph.replace(osmRelation({
+             id: restrictionID,
+             tags: {
+               type: 'restriction',
+               restriction: restrictionType
+             },
+             members: members
+           }));
+         };
        }
 
-       var vectortilelayer = VectorTileLayer;
+       function actionRevert(id) {
+         var action = function action(graph) {
+           var entity = graph.hasEntity(id),
+               base = graph.base().entities[id];
+
+           if (entity && !base) {
+             // entity will be removed..
+             if (entity.type === 'node') {
+               graph.parentWays(entity).forEach(function (parent) {
+                 parent = parent.removeNode(id);
+                 graph = graph.replace(parent);
+
+                 if (parent.isDegenerate()) {
+                   graph = actionDeleteWay(parent.id)(graph);
+                 }
+               });
+             }
+
+             graph.parentRelations(entity).forEach(function (parent) {
+               parent = parent.removeMembersWithID(id);
+               graph = graph.replace(parent);
+
+               if (parent.isDegenerate()) {
+                 graph = actionDeleteRelation(parent.id)(graph);
+               }
+             });
+           }
 
-       function VectorTileLayer(pbf, end) {
-           // Public
-           this.version = 1;
-           this.name = null;
-           this.extent = 4096;
-           this.length = 0;
+           return graph.revert(id);
+         };
 
-           // Private
-           this._pbf = pbf;
-           this._keys = [];
-           this._values = [];
-           this._features = [];
+         return action;
+       }
 
-           pbf.readFields(readLayer, this, end);
+       function actionRotate(rotateIds, pivot, angle, projection) {
+         var action = function action(graph) {
+           return graph.update(function (graph) {
+             utilGetAllNodes(rotateIds, graph).forEach(function (node) {
+               var point = geoRotate([projection(node.loc)], angle, pivot)[0];
+               graph = graph.replace(node.move(projection.invert(point)));
+             });
+           });
+         };
 
-           this.length = this._features.length;
+         return action;
        }
 
-       function readLayer(tag, layer, pbf) {
-           if (tag === 15) layer.version = pbf.readVarint();
-           else if (tag === 1) layer.name = pbf.readString();
-           else if (tag === 5) layer.extent = pbf.readVarint();
-           else if (tag === 2) layer._features.push(pbf.pos);
-           else if (tag === 3) layer._keys.push(pbf.readString());
-           else if (tag === 4) layer._values.push(readValueMessage(pbf));
+       function actionScale(ids, pivotLoc, scaleFactor, projection) {
+         return function (graph) {
+           return graph.update(function (graph) {
+             var point, radial;
+             utilGetAllNodes(ids, graph).forEach(function (node) {
+               point = projection(node.loc);
+               radial = [point[0] - pivotLoc[0], point[1] - pivotLoc[1]];
+               point = [pivotLoc[0] + scaleFactor * radial[0], pivotLoc[1] + scaleFactor * radial[1]];
+               graph = graph.replace(node.move(projection.invert(point)));
+             });
+           });
+         };
        }
 
-       function readValueMessage(pbf) {
-           var value = null,
-               end = pbf.readVarint() + pbf.pos;
+       /* Align nodes along their common axis */
+
+       function actionStraightenNodes(nodeIDs, projection) {
+         function positionAlongWay(a, o, b) {
+           return geoVecDot(a, b, o) / geoVecDot(b, b, o);
+         } // returns the endpoints of the long axis of symmetry of the `points` bounding rect
+
 
-           while (pbf.pos < end) {
-               var tag = pbf.readVarint() >> 3;
+         function getEndpoints(points) {
+           var ssr = geoGetSmallestSurroundingRectangle(points); // Choose line pq = axis of symmetry.
+           // The shape's surrounding rectangle has 2 axes of symmetry.
+           // Snap points to the long axis
 
-               value = tag === 1 ? pbf.readString() :
-                   tag === 2 ? pbf.readFloat() :
-                   tag === 3 ? pbf.readDouble() :
-                   tag === 4 ? pbf.readVarint64() :
-                   tag === 5 ? pbf.readVarint() :
-                   tag === 6 ? pbf.readSVarint() :
-                   tag === 7 ? pbf.readBoolean() : null;
+           var p1 = [(ssr.poly[0][0] + ssr.poly[1][0]) / 2, (ssr.poly[0][1] + ssr.poly[1][1]) / 2];
+           var q1 = [(ssr.poly[2][0] + ssr.poly[3][0]) / 2, (ssr.poly[2][1] + ssr.poly[3][1]) / 2];
+           var p2 = [(ssr.poly[3][0] + ssr.poly[4][0]) / 2, (ssr.poly[3][1] + ssr.poly[4][1]) / 2];
+           var q2 = [(ssr.poly[1][0] + ssr.poly[2][0]) / 2, (ssr.poly[1][1] + ssr.poly[2][1]) / 2];
+           var isLong = geoVecLength(p1, q1) > geoVecLength(p2, q2);
+
+           if (isLong) {
+             return [p1, q1];
            }
 
-           return value;
-       }
+           return [p2, q2];
+         }
 
-       // return feature `i` from this layer as a `VectorTileFeature`
-       VectorTileLayer.prototype.feature = function(i) {
-           if (i < 0 || i >= this._features.length) throw new Error('feature index out of bounds');
+         var action = function action(graph, t) {
+           if (t === null || !isFinite(t)) t = 1;
+           t = Math.min(Math.max(+t, 0), 1);
+           var nodes = nodeIDs.map(function (id) {
+             return graph.entity(id);
+           });
+           var points = nodes.map(function (n) {
+             return projection(n.loc);
+           });
+           var endpoints = getEndpoints(points);
+           var startPoint = endpoints[0];
+           var endPoint = endpoints[1]; // Move points onto the line connecting the endpoints
+
+           for (var i = 0; i < points.length; i++) {
+             var node = nodes[i];
+             var point = points[i];
+             var u = positionAlongWay(point, startPoint, endPoint);
+             var point2 = geoVecInterp(startPoint, endPoint, u);
+             var loc2 = projection.invert(point2);
+             graph = graph.replace(node.move(geoVecInterp(node.loc, loc2, t)));
+           }
 
-           this._pbf.pos = this._features[i];
+           return graph;
+         };
 
-           var end = this._pbf.readVarint() + this._pbf.pos;
-           return new vectortilefeature(this._pbf, end, this.extent, this._keys, this._values);
-       };
+         action.disabled = function (graph) {
+           var nodes = nodeIDs.map(function (id) {
+             return graph.entity(id);
+           });
+           var points = nodes.map(function (n) {
+             return projection(n.loc);
+           });
+           var endpoints = getEndpoints(points);
+           var startPoint = endpoints[0];
+           var endPoint = endpoints[1];
+           var maxDistance = 0;
 
-       var vectortile = VectorTile;
+           for (var i = 0; i < points.length; i++) {
+             var point = points[i];
+             var u = positionAlongWay(point, startPoint, endPoint);
+             var p = geoVecInterp(startPoint, endPoint, u);
+             var dist = geoVecLength(p, point);
 
-       function VectorTile(pbf, end) {
-           this.layers = pbf.readFields(readTile, {}, end);
-       }
+             if (!isNaN(dist) && dist > maxDistance) {
+               maxDistance = dist;
+             }
+           }
 
-       function readTile(tag, layers, pbf) {
-           if (tag === 3) {
-               var layer = new vectortilelayer(pbf, pbf.readVarint() + pbf.pos);
-               if (layer.length) layers[layer.name] = layer;
+           if (maxDistance < 0.0001) {
+             return 'straight_enough';
            }
+         };
+
+         action.transitionable = true;
+         return action;
        }
 
-       var VectorTile$1 = vectortile;
-       var VectorTileFeature$1 = vectortilefeature;
-       var VectorTileLayer$1 = vectortilelayer;
+       /*
+        * Based on https://github.com/openstreetmap/potlatch2/net/systemeD/potlatch2/tools/Straighten.as
+        */
 
-       var vectorTile = {
-               VectorTile: VectorTile$1,
-               VectorTileFeature: VectorTileFeature$1,
-               VectorTileLayer: VectorTileLayer$1
-       };
+       function actionStraightenWay(selectedIDs, projection) {
+         function positionAlongWay(a, o, b) {
+           return geoVecDot(a, b, o) / geoVecDot(b, b, o);
+         } // Return all selected ways as a continuous, ordered array of nodes
 
-       var tiler$7 = utilTiler().tileSize(512).margin(1);
-       var dispatch$8 = dispatch('loadedData');
-       var _vtCache;
 
+         function allNodes(graph) {
+           var nodes = [];
+           var startNodes = [];
+           var endNodes = [];
+           var remainingWays = [];
+           var selectedWays = selectedIDs.filter(function (w) {
+             return graph.entity(w).type === 'way';
+           });
+           var selectedNodes = selectedIDs.filter(function (n) {
+             return graph.entity(n).type === 'node';
+           });
 
-       function abortRequest$7(controller) {
-           controller.abort();
-       }
+           for (var i = 0; i < selectedWays.length; i++) {
+             var way = graph.entity(selectedWays[i]);
+             nodes = way.nodes.slice(0);
+             remainingWays.push(nodes);
+             startNodes.push(nodes[0]);
+             endNodes.push(nodes[nodes.length - 1]);
+           } // Remove duplicate end/startNodes (duplicate nodes cannot be at the line end,
+           //   and need to be removed so currNode difference calculation below works)
+           // i.e. ["n-1", "n-1", "n-2"] => ["n-2"]
 
 
-       function vtToGeoJSON(data, tile, mergeCache) {
-           var vectorTile$1 = new vectorTile.VectorTile(new pbf(data));
-           var layers = Object.keys(vectorTile$1.layers);
-           if (!Array.isArray(layers)) { layers = [layers]; }
-
-           var features = [];
-           layers.forEach(function(layerID) {
-               var layer = vectorTile$1.layers[layerID];
-               if (layer) {
-                   for (var i = 0; i < layer.length; i++) {
-                       var feature = layer.feature(i).toGeoJSON(tile.xyz[0], tile.xyz[1], tile.xyz[2]);
-                       var geometry = feature.geometry;
-
-                       // Treat all Polygons as MultiPolygons
-                       if (geometry.type === 'Polygon') {
-                           geometry.type = 'MultiPolygon';
-                           geometry.coordinates = [geometry.coordinates];
-                       }
+           startNodes = startNodes.filter(function (n) {
+             return startNodes.indexOf(n) === startNodes.lastIndexOf(n);
+           });
+           endNodes = endNodes.filter(function (n) {
+             return endNodes.indexOf(n) === endNodes.lastIndexOf(n);
+           }); // Choose the initial endpoint to start from
 
-                       // Clip to tile bounds
-                       if (geometry.type === 'MultiPolygon') {
-                           var isClipped = false;
-                           var featureClip = bboxClip_1(feature, tile.extent.rectangle());
-                           if (!fastDeepEqual(feature.geometry, featureClip.geometry)) {
-                               // feature = featureClip;
-                               isClipped = true;
-                           }
-                           if (!feature.geometry.coordinates.length) continue;   // not actually on this tile
-                           if (!feature.geometry.coordinates[0].length) continue;   // not actually on this tile
-                       }
+           var currNode = utilArrayDifference(startNodes, endNodes).concat(utilArrayDifference(endNodes, startNodes))[0];
+           var nextWay = [];
+           nodes = []; // Create nested function outside of loop to avoid "function in loop" lint error
 
-                       // Generate some unique IDs and add some metadata
-                       var featurehash = utilHashcode(fastJsonStableStringify(feature));
-                       var propertyhash = utilHashcode(fastJsonStableStringify(feature.properties || {}));
-                       feature.__layerID__ = layerID.replace(/[^_a-zA-Z0-9\-]/g, '_');
-                       feature.__featurehash__ = featurehash;
-                       feature.__propertyhash__ = propertyhash;
-                       features.push(feature);
-
-                       // Clipped Polygons at same zoom with identical properties can get merged
-                       if (isClipped && geometry.type === 'MultiPolygon') {
-                           var merged = mergeCache[propertyhash];
-                           if (merged && merged.length) {
-                               var other = merged[0];
-                               var coords = union(
-                                   feature.geometry.coordinates,
-                                   other.geometry.coordinates
-                               );
-
-                               if (!coords || !coords.length) {
-                                   continue;  // something failed in martinez union
-                               }
-
-                               merged.push(feature);
-                               for (var j = 0; j < merged.length; j++) {      // all these features get...
-                                   merged[j].geometry.coordinates = coords;   // same coords
-                                   merged[j].__featurehash__ = featurehash;   // same hash, so deduplication works
-                               }
-                           } else {
-                               mergeCache[propertyhash] = [feature];
-                           }
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
+           var getNextWay = function getNextWay(currNode, remainingWays) {
+             return remainingWays.filter(function (way) {
+               return way[0] === currNode || way[way.length - 1] === currNode;
+             })[0];
+           }; // Add nodes to end of nodes array, until all ways are added
+
+
+           while (remainingWays.length) {
+             nextWay = getNextWay(currNode, remainingWays);
+             remainingWays = utilArrayDifference(remainingWays, [nextWay]);
+
+             if (nextWay[0] !== currNode) {
+               nextWay.reverse();
+             }
+
+             nodes = nodes.concat(nextWay);
+             currNode = nodes[nodes.length - 1];
+           } // If user selected 2 nodes to straighten between, then slice nodes array to those nodes
+
+
+           if (selectedNodes.length === 2) {
+             var startNodeIdx = nodes.indexOf(selectedNodes[0]);
+             var endNodeIdx = nodes.indexOf(selectedNodes[1]);
+             var sortedStartEnd = [startNodeIdx, endNodeIdx];
+             sortedStartEnd.sort(function (a, b) {
+               return a - b;
+             });
+             nodes = nodes.slice(sortedStartEnd[0], sortedStartEnd[1] + 1);
+           }
+
+           return nodes.map(function (n) {
+             return graph.entity(n);
            });
+         }
 
-           return features;
-       }
+         function shouldKeepNode(node, graph) {
+           return graph.parentWays(node).length > 1 || graph.parentRelations(node).length || node.hasInterestingTags();
+         }
 
+         var action = function action(graph, t) {
+           if (t === null || !isFinite(t)) t = 1;
+           t = Math.min(Math.max(+t, 0), 1);
+           var nodes = allNodes(graph);
+           var points = nodes.map(function (n) {
+             return projection(n.loc);
+           });
+           var startPoint = points[0];
+           var endPoint = points[points.length - 1];
+           var toDelete = [];
+           var i;
 
-       function loadTile(source, tile) {
-           if (source.loaded[tile.id] || source.inflight[tile.id]) return;
-
-           var url = source.template
-               .replace('{x}', tile.xyz[0])
-               .replace('{y}', tile.xyz[1])
-               // TMS-flipped y coordinate
-               .replace(/\{[t-]y\}/, Math.pow(2, tile.xyz[2]) - tile.xyz[1] - 1)
-               .replace(/\{z(oom)?\}/, tile.xyz[2])
-               .replace(/\{switch:([^}]+)\}/, function(s, r) {
-                   var subdomains = r.split(',');
-                   return subdomains[(tile.xyz[0] + tile.xyz[1]) % subdomains.length];
-               });
+           for (i = 1; i < points.length - 1; i++) {
+             var node = nodes[i];
+             var point = points[i];
 
+             if (t < 1 || shouldKeepNode(node, graph)) {
+               var u = positionAlongWay(point, startPoint, endPoint);
+               var p = geoVecInterp(startPoint, endPoint, u);
+               var loc2 = projection.invert(p);
+               graph = graph.replace(node.move(geoVecInterp(node.loc, loc2, t)));
+             } else {
+               // safe to delete
+               if (toDelete.indexOf(node) === -1) {
+                 toDelete.push(node);
+               }
+             }
+           }
 
-           var controller = new AbortController();
-           source.inflight[tile.id] = controller;
+           for (i = 0; i < toDelete.length; i++) {
+             graph = actionDeleteNode(toDelete[i].id)(graph);
+           }
 
-           fetch(url, { signal: controller.signal })
-               .then(function(response) {
-                   if (!response.ok) {
-                       throw new Error(response.status + ' ' + response.statusText);
-                   }
-                   source.loaded[tile.id] = [];
-                   delete source.inflight[tile.id];
-                   return response.arrayBuffer();
-               })
-               .then(function(data) {
-                   if (!data) {
-                       throw new Error('No Data');
-                   }
+           return graph;
+         };
 
-                   var z = tile.xyz[2];
-                   if (!source.canMerge[z]) {
-                       source.canMerge[z] = {};  // initialize mergeCache
-                   }
+         action.disabled = function (graph) {
+           // check way isn't too bendy
+           var nodes = allNodes(graph);
+           var points = nodes.map(function (n) {
+             return projection(n.loc);
+           });
+           var startPoint = points[0];
+           var endPoint = points[points.length - 1];
+           var threshold = 0.2 * geoVecLength(startPoint, endPoint);
+           var i;
 
-                   source.loaded[tile.id] = vtToGeoJSON(data, tile, source.canMerge[z]);
-                   dispatch$8.call('loadedData');
-               })
-               .catch(function() {
-                   source.loaded[tile.id] = [];
-                   delete source.inflight[tile.id];
-               });
+           if (threshold === 0) {
+             return 'too_bendy';
+           }
+
+           var maxDistance = 0;
+
+           for (i = 1; i < points.length - 1; i++) {
+             var point = points[i];
+             var u = positionAlongWay(point, startPoint, endPoint);
+             var p = geoVecInterp(startPoint, endPoint, u);
+             var dist = geoVecLength(p, point); // to bendy if point is off by 20% of total start/end distance in projected space
+
+             if (isNaN(dist) || dist > threshold) {
+               return 'too_bendy';
+             } else if (dist > maxDistance) {
+               maxDistance = dist;
+             }
+           }
+
+           var keepingAllNodes = nodes.every(function (node, i) {
+             return i === 0 || i === nodes.length - 1 || shouldKeepNode(node, graph);
+           });
+
+           if (maxDistance < 0.0001 && // Allow straightening even if already straight in order to remove extraneous nodes
+           keepingAllNodes) {
+             return 'straight_enough';
+           }
+         };
+
+         action.transitionable = true;
+         return action;
        }
 
+       //
+       // `turn` must be an `osmTurn` object with a `restrictionID` property.
+       // see osm/intersection.js, pathToTurn()
+       //
+
+       function actionUnrestrictTurn(turn) {
+         return function (graph) {
+           return actionDeleteRelation(turn.restrictionID)(graph);
+         };
+       }
 
-       var serviceVectorTile = {
+       /* Reflect the given area around its axis of symmetry */
 
-           init: function() {
-               if (!_vtCache) {
-                   this.reset();
-               }
+       function actionReflect(reflectIds, projection) {
+         var _useLongAxis = true;
+
+         var action = function action(graph, t) {
+           if (t === null || !isFinite(t)) t = 1;
+           t = Math.min(Math.max(+t, 0), 1);
+           var nodes = utilGetAllNodes(reflectIds, graph);
+           var points = nodes.map(function (n) {
+             return projection(n.loc);
+           });
+           var ssr = geoGetSmallestSurroundingRectangle(points); // Choose line pq = axis of symmetry.
+           // The shape's surrounding rectangle has 2 axes of symmetry.
+           // Reflect across the longer axis by default.
+
+           var p1 = [(ssr.poly[0][0] + ssr.poly[1][0]) / 2, (ssr.poly[0][1] + ssr.poly[1][1]) / 2];
+           var q1 = [(ssr.poly[2][0] + ssr.poly[3][0]) / 2, (ssr.poly[2][1] + ssr.poly[3][1]) / 2];
+           var p2 = [(ssr.poly[3][0] + ssr.poly[4][0]) / 2, (ssr.poly[3][1] + ssr.poly[4][1]) / 2];
+           var q2 = [(ssr.poly[1][0] + ssr.poly[2][0]) / 2, (ssr.poly[1][1] + ssr.poly[2][1]) / 2];
+           var p, q;
+           var isLong = geoVecLength(p1, q1) > geoVecLength(p2, q2);
+
+           if (_useLongAxis && isLong || !_useLongAxis && !isLong) {
+             p = p1;
+             q = q1;
+           } else {
+             p = p2;
+             q = q2;
+           } // reflect c across pq
+           // http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/65503/point-reflection-over-a-line
 
-               this.event = utilRebind(this, dispatch$8, 'on');
-           },
 
+           var dx = q[0] - p[0];
+           var dy = q[1] - p[1];
+           var a = (dx * dx - dy * dy) / (dx * dx + dy * dy);
+           var b = 2 * dx * dy / (dx * dx + dy * dy);
 
-           reset: function() {
-               for (var sourceID in _vtCache) {
-                   var source = _vtCache[sourceID];
-                   if (source && source.inflight) {
-                       Object.values(source.inflight).forEach(abortRequest$7);
-                   }
-               }
+           for (var i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) {
+             var node = nodes[i];
+             var c = projection(node.loc);
+             var c2 = [a * (c[0] - p[0]) + b * (c[1] - p[1]) + p[0], b * (c[0] - p[0]) - a * (c[1] - p[1]) + p[1]];
+             var loc2 = projection.invert(c2);
+             node = node.move(geoVecInterp(node.loc, loc2, t));
+             graph = graph.replace(node);
+           }
 
-               _vtCache = {};
-           },
+           return graph;
+         };
 
+         action.useLongAxis = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _useLongAxis;
+           _useLongAxis = val;
+           return action;
+         };
 
-           addSource: function(sourceID, template) {
-               _vtCache[sourceID] = { template: template, inflight: {}, loaded: {}, canMerge: {} };
-               return _vtCache[sourceID];
-           },
+         action.transitionable = true;
+         return action;
+       }
 
+       function actionUpgradeTags(entityId, oldTags, replaceTags) {
+         return function (graph) {
+           var entity = graph.entity(entityId);
+           var tags = Object.assign({}, entity.tags); // shallow copy
+
+           var transferValue;
+           var semiIndex;
+
+           for (var oldTagKey in oldTags) {
+             if (!(oldTagKey in tags)) continue; // wildcard match
+
+             if (oldTags[oldTagKey] === '*') {
+               // note the value since we might need to transfer it
+               transferValue = tags[oldTagKey];
+               delete tags[oldTagKey]; // exact match
+             } else if (oldTags[oldTagKey] === tags[oldTagKey]) {
+               delete tags[oldTagKey]; // match is within semicolon-delimited values
+             } else {
+               var vals = tags[oldTagKey].split(';').filter(Boolean);
+               var oldIndex = vals.indexOf(oldTags[oldTagKey]);
 
-           data: function(sourceID, projection) {
-               var source = _vtCache[sourceID];
-               if (!source) return [];
+               if (vals.length === 1 || oldIndex === -1) {
+                 delete tags[oldTagKey];
+               } else {
+                 if (replaceTags && replaceTags[oldTagKey]) {
+                   // replacing a value within a semicolon-delimited value, note the index
+                   semiIndex = oldIndex;
+                 }
 
-               var tiles = tiler$7.getTiles(projection);
-               var seen = {};
-               var results = [];
+                 vals.splice(oldIndex, 1);
+                 tags[oldTagKey] = vals.join(';');
+               }
+             }
+           }
 
-               for (var i = 0; i < tiles.length; i++) {
-                   var features = source.loaded[tiles[i].id];
-                   if (!features || !features.length) continue;
+           if (replaceTags) {
+             for (var replaceKey in replaceTags) {
+               var replaceValue = replaceTags[replaceKey];
 
-                   for (var j = 0; j < features.length; j++) {
-                       var feature = features[j];
-                       var hash = feature.__featurehash__;
-                       if (seen[hash]) continue;
-                       seen[hash] = true;
+               if (replaceValue === '*') {
+                 if (tags[replaceKey] && tags[replaceKey] !== 'no') {
+                   // allow any pre-existing value except `no` (troll tag)
+                   continue;
+                 } else {
+                   // otherwise assume `yes` is okay
+                   tags[replaceKey] = 'yes';
+                 }
+               } else if (replaceValue === '$1') {
+                 tags[replaceKey] = transferValue;
+               } else {
+                 if (tags[replaceKey] && oldTags[replaceKey] && semiIndex !== undefined) {
+                   // don't override preexisting values
+                   var existingVals = tags[replaceKey].split(';').filter(Boolean);
 
-                       // return a shallow copy, because the hash may change
-                       // later if this feature gets merged with another
-                       results.push(Object.assign({}, feature));  // shallow copy
+                   if (existingVals.indexOf(replaceValue) === -1) {
+                     existingVals.splice(semiIndex, 0, replaceValue);
+                     tags[replaceKey] = existingVals.join(';');
                    }
+                 } else {
+                   tags[replaceKey] = replaceValue;
+                 }
                }
+             }
+           }
 
-               return results;
-           },
+           return graph.replace(entity.update({
+             tags: tags
+           }));
+         };
+       }
 
+       function behaviorEdit(context) {
+         function behavior() {
+           context.map().minzoom(context.minEditableZoom());
+         }
 
-           loadTiles: function(sourceID, template, projection) {
-               var source = _vtCache[sourceID];
-               if (!source) {
-                   source = this.addSource(sourceID, template);
-               }
+         behavior.off = function () {
+           context.map().minzoom(0);
+         };
 
-               var tiles = tiler$7.getTiles(projection);
+         return behavior;
+       }
 
-               // abort inflight requests that are no longer needed
-               Object.keys(source.inflight).forEach(function(k) {
-                   var wanted = tiles.find(function(tile) { return k === tile.id; });
-                   if (!wanted) {
-                       abortRequest$7(source.inflight[k]);
-                       delete source.inflight[k];
-                   }
-               });
+       /*
+          The hover behavior adds the `.hover` class on pointerover to all elements to which
+          the identical datum is bound, and removes it on pointerout.
 
-               tiles.forEach(function(tile) {
-                   loadTile(source, tile);
-               });
-           },
+          The :hover pseudo-class is insufficient for iD's purposes because a datum's visual
+          representation may consist of several elements scattered throughout the DOM hierarchy.
+          Only one of these elements can have the :hover pseudo-class, but all of them will
+          have the .hover class.
+        */
 
+       function behaviorHover(context) {
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('hover');
 
-           cache: function() {
-               return _vtCache;
-           }
+         var _selection = select(null);
 
-       };
+         var _newNodeId = null;
+         var _initialNodeID = null;
 
-       var apibase$5 = 'https://www.wikidata.org/w/api.php?';
-       var _wikidataCache = {};
+         var _altDisables;
 
+         var _ignoreVertex;
 
-       var serviceWikidata = {
+         var _targets = []; // use pointer events on supported platforms; fallback to mouse events
+
+         var _pointerPrefix = 'PointerEvent' in window ? 'pointer' : 'mouse';
+
+         function keydown(d3_event) {
+           if (_altDisables && d3_event.keyCode === utilKeybinding.modifierCodes.alt) {
+             _selection.selectAll('.hover').classed('hover-suppressed', true).classed('hover', false);
 
-           init: function() {},
+             _selection.classed('hover-disabled', true);
 
-           reset: function() {
-               _wikidataCache = {};
-           },
+             dispatch.call('hover', this, null);
+           }
+         }
 
+         function keyup(d3_event) {
+           if (_altDisables && d3_event.keyCode === utilKeybinding.modifierCodes.alt) {
+             _selection.selectAll('.hover-suppressed').classed('hover-suppressed', false).classed('hover', true);
 
-           // Search for Wikidata items matching the query
-           itemsForSearchQuery: function(query, callback) {
-               if (!query) {
-                   if (callback) callback('No query', {});
-                   return;
-               }
+             _selection.classed('hover-disabled', false);
 
-               var lang = this.languagesToQuery()[0];
-
-               var url = apibase$5 + utilQsString({
-                   action: 'wbsearchentities',
-                   format: 'json',
-                   formatversion: 2,
-                   search: query,
-                   type: 'item',
-                   // the language to search
-                   language: lang,
-                   // the langauge for the label and description in the result
-                   uselang: lang,
-                   limit: 10,
-                   origin: '*'
-               });
+             dispatch.call('hover', this, _targets);
+           }
+         }
 
-               d3_json(url)
-                   .then(function(result) {
-                       if (result && result.error) {
-                           throw new Error(result.error);
-                       }
-                       if (callback) callback(null, result.search || {});
-                   })
-                   .catch(function(err) {
-                       if (callback) callback(err.message, {});
-                   });
-           },
+         function behavior(selection) {
+           _selection = selection;
+           _targets = [];
 
+           if (_initialNodeID) {
+             _newNodeId = _initialNodeID;
+             _initialNodeID = null;
+           } else {
+             _newNodeId = null;
+           }
 
-           // Given a Wikipedia language and article title,
-           // return an array of corresponding Wikidata entities.
-           itemsByTitle: function(lang, title, callback) {
-               if (!title) {
-                   if (callback) callback('No title', {});
-                   return;
-               }
+           _selection.on(_pointerPrefix + 'over.hover', pointerover).on(_pointerPrefix + 'out.hover', pointerout) // treat pointerdown as pointerover for touch devices
+           .on(_pointerPrefix + 'down.hover', pointerover);
 
-               lang = lang || 'en';
-               var url = apibase$5 + utilQsString({
-                   action: 'wbgetentities',
-                   format: 'json',
-                   formatversion: 2,
-                   sites: lang.replace(/-/g, '_') + 'wiki',
-                   titles: title,
-                   languages: 'en', // shrink response by filtering to one language
-                   origin: '*'
-               });
+           select(window).on(_pointerPrefix + 'up.hover pointercancel.hover', pointerout, true).on('keydown.hover', keydown).on('keyup.hover', keyup);
 
-               d3_json(url)
-                   .then(function(result) {
-                       if (result && result.error) {
-                           throw new Error(result.error);
-                       }
-                       if (callback) callback(null, result.entities || {});
-                   })
-                   .catch(function(err) {
-                       if (callback) callback(err.message, {});
-                   });
-           },
+           function eventTarget(d3_event) {
+             var datum = d3_event.target && d3_event.target.__data__;
+             if (_typeof(datum) !== 'object') return null;
 
+             if (!(datum instanceof osmEntity) && datum.properties && datum.properties.entity instanceof osmEntity) {
+               return datum.properties.entity;
+             }
 
-           languagesToQuery: function() {
-               var localeCode = _mainLocalizer.localeCode().toLowerCase();
-               // HACK: en-us isn't a wikidata language. We should really be filtering by
-               // the languages known to be supported by wikidata.
-               if (localeCode === 'en-us') localeCode = 'en';
-               return utilArrayUniq([
-                   localeCode,
-                   _mainLocalizer.languageCode().toLowerCase(),
-                   'en'
-               ]);
-           },
+             return datum;
+           }
 
+           function pointerover(d3_event) {
+             // ignore mouse hovers with buttons pressed unless dragging
+             if (context.mode().id.indexOf('drag') === -1 && (!d3_event.pointerType || d3_event.pointerType === 'mouse') && d3_event.buttons) return;
+             var target = eventTarget(d3_event);
 
-           entityByQID: function(qid, callback) {
-               if (!qid) {
-                   callback('No qid', {});
-                   return;
-               }
-               if (_wikidataCache[qid]) {
-                   if (callback) callback(null, _wikidataCache[qid]);
-                   return;
-               }
+             if (target && _targets.indexOf(target) === -1) {
+               _targets.push(target);
 
-               var langs = this.languagesToQuery();
-               var url = apibase$5 + utilQsString({
-                   action: 'wbgetentities',
-                   format: 'json',
-                   formatversion: 2,
-                   ids: qid,
-                   props: 'labels|descriptions|claims|sitelinks',
-                   sitefilter: langs.map(function(d) { return d + 'wiki'; }).join('|'),
-                   languages: langs.join('|'),
-                   languagefallback: 1,
-                   origin: '*'
-               });
+               updateHover(d3_event, _targets);
+             }
+           }
 
-               d3_json(url)
-                   .then(function(result) {
-                       if (result && result.error) {
-                           throw new Error(result.error);
-                       }
-                       if (callback) callback(null, result.entities[qid] || {});
-                   })
-                   .catch(function(err) {
-                       if (callback) callback(err.message, {});
-                   });
-           },
+           function pointerout(d3_event) {
+             var target = eventTarget(d3_event);
 
+             var index = _targets.indexOf(target);
 
-           // Pass `params` object of the form:
-           // {
-           //   qid: 'string'      // brand wikidata  (e.g. 'Q37158')
-           // }
-           //
-           // Get an result object used to display tag documentation
-           // {
-           //   title:        'string',
-           //   description:  'string',
-           //   editURL:      'string',
-           //   imageURL:     'string',
-           //   wiki:         { title: 'string', text: 'string', url: 'string' }
-           // }
-           //
-           getDocs: function(params, callback) {
-               var langs = this.languagesToQuery();
-               this.entityByQID(params.qid, function(err, entity) {
-                   if (err || !entity) {
-                       callback(err || 'No entity');
-                       return;
-                   }
+             if (index !== -1) {
+               _targets.splice(index);
 
-                   var i;
-                   var description;
-                   if (entity.descriptions && Object.keys(entity.descriptions).length > 0) {
-                       description = entity.descriptions[Object.keys(entity.descriptions)[0]].value;
-                   }
+               updateHover(d3_event, _targets);
+             }
+           }
 
-                   // prepare result
-                   var result = {
-                       title: entity.id,
-                       description: description,
-                       editURL: 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/' + entity.id
-                   };
+           function allowsVertex(d) {
+             return d.geometry(context.graph()) === 'vertex' || _mainPresetIndex.allowsVertex(d, context.graph());
+           }
 
-                   // add image
-                   if (entity.claims) {
-                       var imageroot = 'https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php';
-                       var props = ['P154','P18'];  // logo image, image
-                       var prop, image;
-                       for (i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {
-                           prop = entity.claims[props[i]];
-                           if (prop && Object.keys(prop).length > 0) {
-                               image = prop[Object.keys(prop)[0]].mainsnak.datavalue.value;
-                               if (image) {
-                                   result.imageURL = imageroot + '?' + utilQsString({
-                                       title: 'Special:Redirect/file/' + image,
-                                       width: 400
-                                   });
-                                   break;
-                               }
-                           }
-                       }
-                   }
+           function modeAllowsHover(target) {
+             var mode = context.mode();
 
-                   if (entity.sitelinks) {
-                       var englishLocale = _mainLocalizer.languageCode().toLowerCase() === 'en';
-
-                       // must be one of these that we requested..
-                       for (i = 0; i < langs.length; i++) {   // check each, in order of preference
-                           var w = langs[i] + 'wiki';
-                           if (entity.sitelinks[w]) {
-                               var title = entity.sitelinks[w].title;
-                               var tKey = 'inspector.wiki_reference';
-                               if (!englishLocale && langs[i] === 'en') {   // user's locale isn't English but
-                                   tKey = 'inspector.wiki_en_reference';    // we are sending them to enwiki anyway..
-                               }
-
-                               result.wiki = {
-                                   title: title,
-                                   text: tKey,
-                                   url: 'https://' + langs[i] + '.wikipedia.org/wiki/' + title.replace(/ /g, '_')
-                               };
-                               break;
-                           }
-                       }
-                   }
+             if (mode.id === 'add-point') {
+               return mode.preset.matchGeometry('vertex') || target.type !== 'way' && target.geometry(context.graph()) !== 'vertex';
+             }
 
-                   callback(null, result);
-               });
+             return true;
            }
 
-       };
-
-       var endpoint = 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?';
+           function updateHover(d3_event, targets) {
+             _selection.selectAll('.hover').classed('hover', false);
 
-       var serviceWikipedia = {
+             _selection.selectAll('.hover-suppressed').classed('hover-suppressed', false);
 
-           init: function() {},
-           reset: function() {},
+             var mode = context.mode();
 
+             if (!_newNodeId && (mode.id === 'draw-line' || mode.id === 'draw-area')) {
+               var node = targets.find(function (target) {
+                 return target instanceof osmEntity && target.type === 'node';
+               });
+               _newNodeId = node && node.id;
+             }
 
-           search: function(lang, query, callback) {
-               if (!query) {
-                   if (callback) callback('No Query', []);
-                   return;
+             targets = targets.filter(function (datum) {
+               if (datum instanceof osmEntity) {
+                 // If drawing a way, don't hover on a node that was just placed. #3974
+                 return datum.id !== _newNodeId && (datum.type !== 'node' || !_ignoreVertex || allowsVertex(datum)) && modeAllowsHover(datum);
                }
 
-               lang = lang || 'en';
-               var url = endpoint.replace('en', lang) +
-                   utilQsString({
-                       action: 'query',
-                       list: 'search',
-                       srlimit: '10',
-                       srinfo: 'suggestion',
-                       format: 'json',
-                       origin: '*',
-                       srsearch: query
-                   });
+               return true;
+             });
+             var selector = '';
 
-               d3_json(url)
-                   .then(function(result) {
-                       if (result && result.error) {
-                           throw new Error(result.error);
-                       } else if (!result || !result.query || !result.query.search) {
-                           throw new Error('No Results');
-                       }
-                       if (callback) {
-                           var titles = result.query.search.map(function(d) { return d.title; });
-                           callback(null, titles);
-                       }
-                   })
-                   .catch(function(err) {
-                       if (callback) callback(err, []);
-                   });
-           },
+             for (var i in targets) {
+               var datum = targets[i]; // What are we hovering over?
 
+               if (datum.__featurehash__) {
+                 // hovering custom data
+                 selector += ', .data' + datum.__featurehash__;
+               } else if (datum instanceof QAItem) {
+                 selector += ', .' + datum.service + '.itemId-' + datum.id;
+               } else if (datum instanceof osmNote) {
+                 selector += ', .note-' + datum.id;
+               } else if (datum instanceof osmEntity) {
+                 selector += ', .' + datum.id;
 
-           suggestions: function(lang, query, callback) {
-               if (!query) {
-                   if (callback) callback('', []);
-                   return;
+                 if (datum.type === 'relation') {
+                   for (var j in datum.members) {
+                     selector += ', .' + datum.members[j].id;
+                   }
+                 }
                }
+             }
 
-               lang = lang || 'en';
-               var url = endpoint.replace('en', lang) +
-                   utilQsString({
-                       action: 'opensearch',
-                       namespace: 0,
-                       suggest: '',
-                       format: 'json',
-                       origin: '*',
-                       search: query
-                   });
+             var suppressed = _altDisables && d3_event && d3_event.altKey;
 
-               d3_json(url)
-                   .then(function(result) {
-                       if (result && result.error) {
-                           throw new Error(result.error);
-                       } else if (!result || result.length < 2) {
-                           throw new Error('No Results');
-                       }
-                       if (callback) callback(null, result[1] || []);
-                   })
-                   .catch(function(err) {
-                       if (callback) callback(err.message, []);
-                   });
-           },
+             if (selector.trim().length) {
+               // remove the first comma
+               selector = selector.slice(1);
 
+               _selection.selectAll(selector).classed(suppressed ? 'hover-suppressed' : 'hover', true);
+             }
 
-           translations: function(lang, title, callback) {
-               if (!title) {
-                   if (callback) callback('No Title');
-                   return;
-               }
+             dispatch.call('hover', this, !suppressed && targets);
+           }
+         }
 
-               var url = endpoint.replace('en', lang) +
-                   utilQsString({
-                       action: 'query',
-                       prop: 'langlinks',
-                       format: 'json',
-                       origin: '*',
-                       lllimit: 500,
-                       titles: title
-                   });
+         behavior.off = function (selection) {
+           selection.selectAll('.hover').classed('hover', false);
+           selection.selectAll('.hover-suppressed').classed('hover-suppressed', false);
+           selection.classed('hover-disabled', false);
+           selection.on(_pointerPrefix + 'over.hover', null).on(_pointerPrefix + 'out.hover', null).on(_pointerPrefix + 'down.hover', null);
+           select(window).on(_pointerPrefix + 'up.hover pointercancel.hover', null, true).on('keydown.hover', null).on('keyup.hover', null);
+         };
 
-               d3_json(url)
-                   .then(function(result) {
-                       if (result && result.error) {
-                           throw new Error(result.error);
-                       } else if (!result || !result.query || !result.query.pages) {
-                           throw new Error('No Results');
-                       }
-                       if (callback) {
-                           var list = result.query.pages[Object.keys(result.query.pages)[0]];
-                           var translations = {};
-                           if (list && list.langlinks) {
-                               list.langlinks.forEach(function(d) { translations[d.lang] = d['*']; });
-                           }
-                           callback(null, translations);
-                       }
-                   })
-                   .catch(function(err) {
-                       if (callback) callback(err.message);
-                   });
-           }
+         behavior.altDisables = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _altDisables;
+           _altDisables = val;
+           return behavior;
+         };
 
-       };
+         behavior.ignoreVertex = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _ignoreVertex;
+           _ignoreVertex = val;
+           return behavior;
+         };
 
-       var services = {
-           geocoder: serviceNominatim,
-           keepRight: serviceKeepRight,
-           improveOSM: serviceImproveOSM,
-           osmose: serviceOsmose,
-           mapillary: serviceMapillary,
-           openstreetcam: serviceOpenstreetcam,
-           osm: serviceOsm,
-           osmWikibase: serviceOsmWikibase,
-           maprules: serviceMapRules,
-           streetside: serviceStreetside,
-           taginfo: serviceTaginfo,
-           vectorTile: serviceVectorTile,
-           wikidata: serviceWikidata,
-           wikipedia: serviceWikipedia
-       };
+         behavior.initialNodeID = function (nodeId) {
+           _initialNodeID = nodeId;
+           return behavior;
+         };
 
-       function svgIcon(name, svgklass, useklass) {
-           return function drawIcon(selection) {
-               selection.selectAll('svg.icon' + (svgklass ? '.' + svgklass.split(' ')[0] : ''))
-                   .data([0])
-                   .enter()
-                   .append('svg')
-                   .attr('class', 'icon ' + (svgklass || ''))
-                   .append('use')
-                   .attr('xlink:href', name)
-                   .attr('class', useklass);
-           };
+         return utilRebind(behavior, dispatch, 'on');
        }
 
-       function uiNoteComments() {
-           var _note;
+       var _disableSpace = false;
+       var _lastSpace = null;
+       function behaviorDraw(context) {
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('move', 'down', 'downcancel', 'click', 'clickWay', 'clickNode', 'undo', 'cancel', 'finish');
+         var keybinding = utilKeybinding('draw');
 
+         var _hover = behaviorHover(context).altDisables(true).ignoreVertex(true).on('hover', context.ui().sidebar.hover);
 
-           function noteComments(selection) {
-               if (_note.isNew()) return; // don't draw .comments-container
+         var _edit = behaviorEdit(context);
 
-               var comments = selection.selectAll('.comments-container')
-                   .data([0]);
+         var _closeTolerance = 4;
+         var _tolerance = 12;
+         var _mouseLeave = false;
+         var _lastMouse = null;
 
-               comments = comments.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'comments-container')
-                   .merge(comments);
+         var _lastPointerUpEvent;
 
-               var commentEnter = comments.selectAll('.comment')
-                   .data(_note.comments)
-                   .enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'comment');
+         var _downPointer; // use pointer events on supported platforms; fallback to mouse events
 
-               commentEnter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', function(d) { return 'comment-avatar user-' + d.uid; })
-                   .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-avatar', 'comment-avatar-icon'));
 
-               var mainEnter = commentEnter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'comment-main');
+         var _pointerPrefix = 'PointerEvent' in window ? 'pointer' : 'mouse'; // related code
+         // - `mode/drag_node.js` `datum()`
 
-               var metadataEnter = mainEnter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'comment-metadata');
 
-               metadataEnter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'comment-author')
-                   .each(function(d) {
-                       var selection = select(this);
-                       var osm = services.osm;
-                       if (osm && d.user) {
-                           selection = selection
-                               .append('a')
-                               .attr('class', 'comment-author-link')
-                               .attr('href', osm.userURL(d.user))
-                               .attr('tabindex', -1)
-                               .attr('target', '_blank');
-                       }
-                       selection
-                           .text(function(d) { return d.user || _t('note.anonymous'); });
-                   });
+         function datum(d3_event) {
+           var mode = context.mode();
+           var isNote = mode && mode.id.indexOf('note') !== -1;
+           if (d3_event.altKey || isNote) return {};
+           var element;
 
-               metadataEnter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'comment-date')
-                   .text(function(d) {
-                       return _t('note.status.' + d.action, { when: localeDateString(d.date) });
-                   });
+           if (d3_event.type === 'keydown') {
+             element = _lastMouse && _lastMouse.target;
+           } else {
+             element = d3_event.target;
+           } // When drawing, snap only to touch targets..
+           // (this excludes area fills and active drawing elements)
 
-               mainEnter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'comment-text')
-                   .html(function(d) { return d.html; });
 
-               comments
-                   .call(replaceAvatars);
-           }
+           var d = element.__data__;
+           return d && d.properties && d.properties.target ? d : {};
+         }
 
+         function pointerdown(d3_event) {
+           if (_downPointer) return;
+           var pointerLocGetter = utilFastMouse(this);
+           _downPointer = {
+             id: d3_event.pointerId || 'mouse',
+             pointerLocGetter: pointerLocGetter,
+             downTime: +new Date(),
+             downLoc: pointerLocGetter(d3_event)
+           };
+           dispatch.call('down', this, d3_event, datum(d3_event));
+         }
 
-           function replaceAvatars(selection) {
-               var showThirdPartyIcons = corePreferences('preferences.privacy.thirdpartyicons') || 'true';
-               var osm = services.osm;
-               if (showThirdPartyIcons !== 'true' || !osm) return;
+         function pointerup(d3_event) {
+           if (!_downPointer || _downPointer.id !== (d3_event.pointerId || 'mouse')) return;
+           var downPointer = _downPointer;
+           _downPointer = null;
+           _lastPointerUpEvent = d3_event;
+           if (downPointer.isCancelled) return;
+           var t2 = +new Date();
+           var p2 = downPointer.pointerLocGetter(d3_event);
+           var dist = geoVecLength(downPointer.downLoc, p2);
 
-               var uids = {};  // gather uids in the comment thread
-               _note.comments.forEach(function(d) {
-                   if (d.uid) uids[d.uid] = true;
-               });
+           if (dist < _closeTolerance || dist < _tolerance && t2 - downPointer.downTime < 500) {
+             // Prevent a quick second click
+             select(window).on('click.draw-block', function () {
+               d3_event.stopPropagation();
+             }, true);
+             context.map().dblclickZoomEnable(false);
+             window.setTimeout(function () {
+               context.map().dblclickZoomEnable(true);
+               select(window).on('click.draw-block', null);
+             }, 500);
+             click(d3_event, p2);
+           }
+         }
 
-               Object.keys(uids).forEach(function(uid) {
-                   osm.loadUser(uid, function(err, user) {
-                       if (!user || !user.image_url) return;
+         function pointermove(d3_event) {
+           if (_downPointer && _downPointer.id === (d3_event.pointerId || 'mouse') && !_downPointer.isCancelled) {
+             var p2 = _downPointer.pointerLocGetter(d3_event);
 
-                       selection.selectAll('.comment-avatar.user-' + uid)
-                           .html('')
-                           .append('img')
-                           .attr('class', 'icon comment-avatar-icon')
-                           .attr('src', user.image_url)
-                           .attr('alt', user.display_name);
-                   });
-               });
+             var dist = geoVecLength(_downPointer.downLoc, p2);
+
+             if (dist >= _closeTolerance) {
+               _downPointer.isCancelled = true;
+               dispatch.call('downcancel', this);
+             }
            }
 
+           if (d3_event.pointerType && d3_event.pointerType !== 'mouse' || d3_event.buttons || _downPointer) return; // HACK: Mobile Safari likes to send one or more `mouse` type pointermove
+           // events immediately after non-mouse pointerup events; detect and ignore them.
 
-           function localeDateString(s) {
-               if (!s) return null;
-               var options = { day: 'numeric', month: 'short', year: 'numeric' };
-               s = s.replace(/-/g, '/'); // fix browser-specific Date() issues
-               var d = new Date(s);
-               if (isNaN(d.getTime())) return null;
-               return d.toLocaleDateString(_mainLocalizer.localeCode(), options);
-           }
+           if (_lastPointerUpEvent && _lastPointerUpEvent.pointerType !== 'mouse' && d3_event.timeStamp - _lastPointerUpEvent.timeStamp < 100) return;
+           _lastMouse = d3_event;
+           dispatch.call('move', this, d3_event, datum(d3_event));
+         }
 
+         function pointercancel(d3_event) {
+           if (_downPointer && _downPointer.id === (d3_event.pointerId || 'mouse')) {
+             if (!_downPointer.isCancelled) {
+               dispatch.call('downcancel', this);
+             }
 
-           noteComments.note = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _note;
-               _note = val;
-               return noteComments;
-           };
+             _downPointer = null;
+           }
+         }
 
+         function mouseenter() {
+           _mouseLeave = false;
+         }
 
-           return noteComments;
-       }
+         function mouseleave() {
+           _mouseLeave = true;
+         }
 
-       function uiNoteHeader() {
-           var _note;
+         function allowsVertex(d) {
+           return d.geometry(context.graph()) === 'vertex' || _mainPresetIndex.allowsVertex(d, context.graph());
+         } // related code
+         // - `mode/drag_node.js`     `doMove()`
+         // - `behavior/draw.js`      `click()`
+         // - `behavior/draw_way.js`  `move()`
 
 
-           function noteHeader(selection) {
-               var header = selection.selectAll('.note-header')
-                   .data(
-                       (_note ? [_note] : []),
-                       function(d) { return d.status + d.id; }
-                   );
+         function click(d3_event, loc) {
+           var d = datum(d3_event);
+           var target = d && d.properties && d.properties.entity;
+           var mode = context.mode();
 
-               header.exit()
-                   .remove();
+           if (target && target.type === 'node' && allowsVertex(target)) {
+             // Snap to a node
+             dispatch.call('clickNode', this, target, d);
+             return;
+           } else if (target && target.type === 'way' && (mode.id !== 'add-point' || mode.preset.matchGeometry('vertex'))) {
+             // Snap to a way
+             var choice = geoChooseEdge(context.graph().childNodes(target), loc, context.projection, context.activeID());
 
-               var headerEnter = header.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'note-header');
+             if (choice) {
+               var edge = [target.nodes[choice.index - 1], target.nodes[choice.index]];
+               dispatch.call('clickWay', this, choice.loc, edge, d);
+               return;
+             }
+           } else if (mode.id !== 'add-point' || mode.preset.matchGeometry('point')) {
+             var locLatLng = context.projection.invert(loc);
+             dispatch.call('click', this, locLatLng, d);
+           }
+         } // treat a spacebar press like a click
 
-               var iconEnter = headerEnter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', function(d) { return 'note-header-icon ' + d.status; })
-                   .classed('new', function(d) { return d.id < 0; });
 
-               iconEnter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'preset-icon-28')
-                   .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-note', 'note-fill'));
-
-               iconEnter.each(function(d) {
-                   var statusIcon = '#iD-icon-' + (d.id < 0 ? 'plus' : (d.status === 'open' ? 'close' : 'apply'));
-                   iconEnter
-                       .append('div')
-                       .attr('class', 'note-icon-annotation')
-                       .call(svgIcon(statusIcon, 'icon-annotation'));
-               });
+         function space(d3_event) {
+           d3_event.preventDefault();
+           d3_event.stopPropagation();
+           var currSpace = context.map().mouse();
 
-               headerEnter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'note-header-label')
-                   .text(function(d) {
-                       if (_note.isNew()) { return _t('note.new'); }
-                       return _t('note.note') + ' ' + d.id + ' ' +
-                           (d.status === 'closed' ? _t('note.closed') : '');
-                   });
+           if (_disableSpace && _lastSpace) {
+             var dist = geoVecLength(_lastSpace, currSpace);
+
+             if (dist > _tolerance) {
+               _disableSpace = false;
+             }
            }
 
+           if (_disableSpace || _mouseLeave || !_lastMouse) return; // user must move mouse or release space bar to allow another click
 
-           noteHeader.note = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _note;
-               _note = val;
-               return noteHeader;
-           };
+           _lastSpace = currSpace;
+           _disableSpace = true;
+           select(window).on('keyup.space-block', function () {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             d3_event.stopPropagation();
+             _disableSpace = false;
+             select(window).on('keyup.space-block', null);
+           }); // get the current mouse position
 
+           var loc = context.map().mouse() || // or the map center if the mouse has never entered the map
+           context.projection(context.map().center());
+           click(d3_event, loc);
+         }
 
-           return noteHeader;
-       }
+         function backspace(d3_event) {
+           d3_event.preventDefault();
+           dispatch.call('undo');
+         }
 
-       function uiNoteReport() {
-           var _note;
+         function del(d3_event) {
+           d3_event.preventDefault();
+           dispatch.call('cancel');
+         }
 
-           function noteReport(selection) {
-               var url;
-               if (services.osm && (_note instanceof osmNote) && (!_note.isNew())) {
-                   url = services.osm.noteReportURL(_note);
-               }
+         function ret(d3_event) {
+           d3_event.preventDefault();
+           dispatch.call('finish');
+         }
 
-               var link = selection.selectAll('.note-report')
-                   .data(url ? [url] : []);
+         function behavior(selection) {
+           context.install(_hover);
+           context.install(_edit);
+           _downPointer = null;
+           keybinding.on('⌫', backspace).on('⌦', del).on('⎋', ret).on('↩', ret).on('space', space).on('⌥space', space);
+           selection.on('mouseenter.draw', mouseenter).on('mouseleave.draw', mouseleave).on(_pointerPrefix + 'down.draw', pointerdown).on(_pointerPrefix + 'move.draw', pointermove);
+           select(window).on(_pointerPrefix + 'up.draw', pointerup, true).on('pointercancel.draw', pointercancel, true);
+           select(document).call(keybinding);
+           return behavior;
+         }
 
-               // exit
-               link.exit()
-                   .remove();
+         behavior.off = function (selection) {
+           context.ui().sidebar.hover.cancel();
+           context.uninstall(_hover);
+           context.uninstall(_edit);
+           selection.on('mouseenter.draw', null).on('mouseleave.draw', null).on(_pointerPrefix + 'down.draw', null).on(_pointerPrefix + 'move.draw', null);
+           select(window).on(_pointerPrefix + 'up.draw', null).on('pointercancel.draw', null); // note: keyup.space-block, click.draw-block should remain
 
-               // enter
-               var linkEnter = link.enter()
-                   .append('a')
-                   .attr('class', 'note-report')
-                   .attr('target', '_blank')
-                   .attr('href', function(d) { return d; })
-                   .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-out-link', 'inline'));
+           select(document).call(keybinding.unbind);
+         };
 
-               linkEnter
-                   .append('span')
-                   .text(_t('note.report'));
-           }
+         behavior.hover = function () {
+           return _hover;
+         };
 
+         return utilRebind(behavior, dispatch, 'on');
+       }
 
-           noteReport.note = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _note;
-               _note = val;
-               return noteReport;
-           };
+       function initRange(domain, range) {
+         switch (arguments.length) {
+           case 0:
+             break;
 
-           return noteReport;
+           case 1:
+             this.range(domain);
+             break;
+
+           default:
+             this.range(range).domain(domain);
+             break;
+         }
+
+         return this;
        }
 
-       function uiViewOnOSM(context) {
-           var _what;   // an osmEntity or osmNote
+       function constants(x) {
+         return function () {
+           return x;
+         };
+       }
+
+       function number(x) {
+         return +x;
+       }
 
+       var unit = [0, 1];
+       function identity$1(x) {
+         return x;
+       }
 
-           function viewOnOSM(selection) {
-               var url;
-               if (_what instanceof osmEntity) {
-                   url = context.connection().entityURL(_what);
-               } else if (_what instanceof osmNote) {
-                   url = context.connection().noteURL(_what);
-               }
+       function normalize(a, b) {
+         return (b -= a = +a) ? function (x) {
+           return (x - a) / b;
+         } : constants(isNaN(b) ? NaN : 0.5);
+       }
 
-               var data = ((!_what || _what.isNew()) ? [] : [_what]);
-               var link = selection.selectAll('.view-on-osm')
-                   .data(data, function(d) { return d.id; });
+       function clamper(a, b) {
+         var t;
+         if (a > b) t = a, a = b, b = t;
+         return function (x) {
+           return Math.max(a, Math.min(b, x));
+         };
+       } // normalize(a, b)(x) takes a domain value x in [a,b] and returns the corresponding parameter t in [0,1].
+       // interpolate(a, b)(t) takes a parameter t in [0,1] and returns the corresponding range value x in [a,b].
 
-               // exit
-               link.exit()
-                   .remove();
 
-               // enter
-               var linkEnter = link.enter()
-                   .append('a')
-                   .attr('class', 'view-on-osm')
-                   .attr('target', '_blank')
-                   .attr('href', url)
-                   .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-out-link', 'inline'));
+       function bimap(domain, range, interpolate) {
+         var d0 = domain[0],
+             d1 = domain[1],
+             r0 = range[0],
+             r1 = range[1];
+         if (d1 < d0) d0 = normalize(d1, d0), r0 = interpolate(r1, r0);else d0 = normalize(d0, d1), r0 = interpolate(r0, r1);
+         return function (x) {
+           return r0(d0(x));
+         };
+       }
 
-               linkEnter
-                   .append('span')
-                   .text(_t('inspector.view_on_osm'));
-           }
+       function polymap(domain, range, interpolate) {
+         var j = Math.min(domain.length, range.length) - 1,
+             d = new Array(j),
+             r = new Array(j),
+             i = -1; // Reverse descending domains.
 
+         if (domain[j] < domain[0]) {
+           domain = domain.slice().reverse();
+           range = range.slice().reverse();
+         }
 
-           viewOnOSM.what = function(_) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _what;
-               _what = _;
-               return viewOnOSM;
-           };
+         while (++i < j) {
+           d[i] = normalize(domain[i], domain[i + 1]);
+           r[i] = interpolate(range[i], range[i + 1]);
+         }
 
-           return viewOnOSM;
+         return function (x) {
+           var i = bisectRight(domain, x, 1, j) - 1;
+           return r[i](d[i](x));
+         };
        }
 
-       function uiNoteEditor(context) {
-           var dispatch$1 = dispatch('change');
-           var noteComments = uiNoteComments();
-           var noteHeader = uiNoteHeader();
+       function copy$1(source, target) {
+         return target.domain(source.domain()).range(source.range()).interpolate(source.interpolate()).clamp(source.clamp()).unknown(source.unknown());
+       }
+       function transformer() {
+         var domain = unit,
+             range = unit,
+             interpolate = interpolate$1,
+             transform,
+             untransform,
+             unknown,
+             clamp = identity$1,
+             piecewise,
+             output,
+             input;
 
-           // var formFields = uiFormFields(context);
+         function rescale() {
+           var n = Math.min(domain.length, range.length);
+           if (clamp !== identity$1) clamp = clamper(domain[0], domain[n - 1]);
+           piecewise = n > 2 ? polymap : bimap;
+           output = input = null;
+           return scale;
+         }
 
-           var _note;
-           var _newNote;
-           // var _fieldsArr;
+         function scale(x) {
+           return x == null || isNaN(x = +x) ? unknown : (output || (output = piecewise(domain.map(transform), range, interpolate)))(transform(clamp(x)));
+         }
 
+         scale.invert = function (y) {
+           return clamp(untransform((input || (input = piecewise(range, domain.map(transform), d3_interpolateNumber)))(y)));
+         };
 
-           function noteEditor(selection) {
+         scale.domain = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (domain = Array.from(_, number), rescale()) : domain.slice();
+         };
 
-               var header = selection.selectAll('.header')
-                   .data([0]);
+         scale.range = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (range = Array.from(_), rescale()) : range.slice();
+         };
 
-               var headerEnter = header.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'header fillL');
+         scale.rangeRound = function (_) {
+           return range = Array.from(_), interpolate = interpolateRound, rescale();
+         };
 
-               headerEnter
-                   .append('button')
-                   .attr('class', 'close')
-                   .on('click', function() {
-                       context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
-                   })
-                   .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-close'));
+         scale.clamp = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (clamp = _ ? true : identity$1, rescale()) : clamp !== identity$1;
+         };
 
-               headerEnter
-                   .append('h3')
-                   .text(_t('note.title'));
+         scale.interpolate = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (interpolate = _, rescale()) : interpolate;
+         };
 
+         scale.unknown = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (unknown = _, scale) : unknown;
+         };
 
-               var body = selection.selectAll('.body')
-                   .data([0]);
+         return function (t, u) {
+           transform = t, untransform = u;
+           return rescale();
+         };
+       }
+       function continuous() {
+         return transformer()(identity$1, identity$1);
+       }
 
-               body = body.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'body')
-                   .merge(body);
+       function formatDecimal (x) {
+         return Math.abs(x = Math.round(x)) >= 1e21 ? x.toLocaleString("en").replace(/,/g, "") : x.toString(10);
+       } // Computes the decimal coefficient and exponent of the specified number x with
+       // significant digits p, where x is positive and p is in [1, 21] or undefined.
+       // For example, formatDecimalParts(1.23) returns ["123", 0].
 
-               var editor = body.selectAll('.note-editor')
-                   .data([0]);
+       function formatDecimalParts(x, p) {
+         if ((i = (x = p ? x.toExponential(p - 1) : x.toExponential()).indexOf("e")) < 0) return null; // NaN, ±Infinity
 
-               editor.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'modal-section note-editor')
-                   .merge(editor)
-                   .call(noteHeader.note(_note))
-                   .call(noteComments.note(_note))
-                   .call(noteSaveSection);
+         var i,
+             coefficient = x.slice(0, i); // The string returned by toExponential either has the form \d\.\d+e[-+]\d+
+         // (e.g., 1.2e+3) or the form \de[-+]\d+ (e.g., 1e+3).
 
-               var footer = selection.selectAll('.footer')
-                   .data([0]);
+         return [coefficient.length > 1 ? coefficient[0] + coefficient.slice(2) : coefficient, +x.slice(i + 1)];
+       }
 
-               footer.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'footer')
-                   .merge(footer)
-                   .call(uiViewOnOSM(context).what(_note))
-                   .call(uiNoteReport().note(_note));
+       function exponent (x) {
+         return x = formatDecimalParts(Math.abs(x)), x ? x[1] : NaN;
+       }
 
+       function formatGroup (grouping, thousands) {
+         return function (value, width) {
+           var i = value.length,
+               t = [],
+               j = 0,
+               g = grouping[0],
+               length = 0;
 
-               // rerender the note editor on any auth change
-               var osm = services.osm;
-               if (osm) {
-                   osm.on('change.note-save', function() {
-                       selection.call(noteEditor);
-                   });
-               }
+           while (i > 0 && g > 0) {
+             if (length + g + 1 > width) g = Math.max(1, width - length);
+             t.push(value.substring(i -= g, i + g));
+             if ((length += g + 1) > width) break;
+             g = grouping[j = (j + 1) % grouping.length];
            }
 
+           return t.reverse().join(thousands);
+         };
+       }
 
-           function noteSaveSection(selection) {
-               var isSelected = (_note && _note.id === context.selectedNoteID());
-               var noteSave = selection.selectAll('.note-save')
-                   .data((isSelected ? [_note] : []), function(d) { return d.status + d.id; });
+       function formatNumerals (numerals) {
+         return function (value) {
+           return value.replace(/[0-9]/g, function (i) {
+             return numerals[+i];
+           });
+         };
+       }
 
-               // exit
-               noteSave.exit()
-                   .remove();
+       // [[fill]align][sign][symbol][0][width][,][.precision][~][type]
+       var re = /^(?:(.)?([<>=^]))?([+\-( ])?([$#])?(0)?(\d+)?(,)?(\.\d+)?(~)?([a-z%])?$/i;
+       function formatSpecifier(specifier) {
+         if (!(match = re.exec(specifier))) throw new Error("invalid format: " + specifier);
+         var match;
+         return new FormatSpecifier({
+           fill: match[1],
+           align: match[2],
+           sign: match[3],
+           symbol: match[4],
+           zero: match[5],
+           width: match[6],
+           comma: match[7],
+           precision: match[8] && match[8].slice(1),
+           trim: match[9],
+           type: match[10]
+         });
+       }
+       formatSpecifier.prototype = FormatSpecifier.prototype; // instanceof
 
-               // enter
-               var noteSaveEnter = noteSave.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'note-save save-section cf');
-
-               // // if new note, show categories to pick from
-               // if (_note.isNew()) {
-               //     var presets = presetManager;
-
-               //     // NOTE: this key isn't a age and therefore there is no documentation (yet)
-               //     _fieldsArr = [
-               //         uiField(context, presets.field('category'), null, { show: true, revert: false }),
-               //     ];
-
-               //     _fieldsArr.forEach(function(field) {
-               //         field
-               //             .on('change', changeCategory);
-               //     });
-
-               //     noteSaveEnter
-               //         .append('div')
-               //         .attr('class', 'note-category')
-               //         .call(formFields.fieldsArr(_fieldsArr));
-               // }
-
-               // function changeCategory() {
-               //     // NOTE: perhaps there is a better way to get value
-               //     var val = context.container().select('input[name=\'category\']:checked').property('__data__') || undefined;
-
-               //     // store the unsaved category with the note itself
-               //     _note = _note.update({ newCategory: val });
-               //     var osm = services.osm;
-               //     if (osm) {
-               //         osm.replaceNote(_note);  // update note cache
-               //     }
-               //     noteSave
-               //         .call(noteSaveButtons);
-               // }
-
-               noteSaveEnter
-                   .append('h4')
-                   .attr('class', '.note-save-header')
-                   .text(function() {
-                       return _note.isNew() ? _t('note.newDescription') : _t('note.newComment');
-                   });
+       function FormatSpecifier(specifier) {
+         this.fill = specifier.fill === undefined ? " " : specifier.fill + "";
+         this.align = specifier.align === undefined ? ">" : specifier.align + "";
+         this.sign = specifier.sign === undefined ? "-" : specifier.sign + "";
+         this.symbol = specifier.symbol === undefined ? "" : specifier.symbol + "";
+         this.zero = !!specifier.zero;
+         this.width = specifier.width === undefined ? undefined : +specifier.width;
+         this.comma = !!specifier.comma;
+         this.precision = specifier.precision === undefined ? undefined : +specifier.precision;
+         this.trim = !!specifier.trim;
+         this.type = specifier.type === undefined ? "" : specifier.type + "";
+       }
 
-               var commentTextarea = noteSaveEnter
-                   .append('textarea')
-                   .attr('class', 'new-comment-input')
-                   .attr('placeholder', _t('note.inputPlaceholder'))
-                   .attr('maxlength', 1000)
-                   .property('value', function(d) { return d.newComment; })
-                   .call(utilNoAuto)
-                   .on('keydown.note-input', keydown)
-                   .on('input.note-input', changeInput)
-                   .on('blur.note-input', changeInput);
+       FormatSpecifier.prototype.toString = function () {
+         return this.fill + this.align + this.sign + this.symbol + (this.zero ? "0" : "") + (this.width === undefined ? "" : Math.max(1, this.width | 0)) + (this.comma ? "," : "") + (this.precision === undefined ? "" : "." + Math.max(0, this.precision | 0)) + (this.trim ? "~" : "") + this.type;
+       };
 
-               if (_newNote) {
-                   // autofocus the comment field for new notes
-                   commentTextarea.node().focus();
-               }
+       // Trims insignificant zeros, e.g., replaces 1.2000k with 1.2k.
+       function formatTrim (s) {
+         out: for (var n = s.length, i = 1, i0 = -1, i1; i < n; ++i) {
+           switch (s[i]) {
+             case ".":
+               i0 = i1 = i;
+               break;
 
-               // update
-               noteSave = noteSaveEnter
-                   .merge(noteSave)
-                   .call(userDetails)
-                   .call(noteSaveButtons);
+             case "0":
+               if (i0 === 0) i0 = i;
+               i1 = i;
+               break;
 
+             default:
+               if (!+s[i]) break out;
+               if (i0 > 0) i0 = 0;
+               break;
+           }
+         }
 
-               // fast submit if user presses cmd+enter
-               function keydown() {
-                   if (!(event.keyCode === 13 && event.metaKey)) return;
+         return i0 > 0 ? s.slice(0, i0) + s.slice(i1 + 1) : s;
+       }
 
-                   var osm = services.osm;
-                   if (!osm) return;
+       var nativeToPrecision = 1.0.toPrecision;
 
-                   var hasAuth = osm.authenticated();
-                   if (!hasAuth) return;
+       var FORCED$1 = fails(function () {
+         // IE7-
+         return nativeToPrecision.call(1, undefined) !== '1';
+       }) || !fails(function () {
+         // V8 ~ Android 4.3-
+         nativeToPrecision.call({});
+       });
 
-                   if (!_note.newComment) return;
+       // `Number.prototype.toPrecision` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-number.prototype.toprecision
+       _export({ target: 'Number', proto: true, forced: FORCED$1 }, {
+         toPrecision: function toPrecision(precision) {
+           return precision === undefined
+             ? nativeToPrecision.call(thisNumberValue(this))
+             : nativeToPrecision.call(thisNumberValue(this), precision);
+         }
+       });
 
-                   event.preventDefault();
+       var prefixExponent;
+       function formatPrefixAuto (x, p) {
+         var d = formatDecimalParts(x, p);
+         if (!d) return x + "";
+         var coefficient = d[0],
+             exponent = d[1],
+             i = exponent - (prefixExponent = Math.max(-8, Math.min(8, Math.floor(exponent / 3))) * 3) + 1,
+             n = coefficient.length;
+         return i === n ? coefficient : i > n ? coefficient + new Array(i - n + 1).join("0") : i > 0 ? coefficient.slice(0, i) + "." + coefficient.slice(i) : "0." + new Array(1 - i).join("0") + formatDecimalParts(x, Math.max(0, p + i - 1))[0]; // less than 1y!
+       }
 
-                   select(this)
-                       .on('keydown.note-input', null);
+       function formatRounded (x, p) {
+         var d = formatDecimalParts(x, p);
+         if (!d) return x + "";
+         var coefficient = d[0],
+             exponent = d[1];
+         return exponent < 0 ? "0." + new Array(-exponent).join("0") + coefficient : coefficient.length > exponent + 1 ? coefficient.slice(0, exponent + 1) + "." + coefficient.slice(exponent + 1) : coefficient + new Array(exponent - coefficient.length + 2).join("0");
+       }
 
-                   // focus on button and submit
-                   window.setTimeout(function() {
-                       if (_note.isNew()) {
-                           noteSave.selectAll('.save-button').node().focus();
-                           clickSave(_note);
-                       } else  {
-                           noteSave.selectAll('.comment-button').node().focus();
-                           clickComment(_note);
-                       }
-                   }, 10);
-               }
+       var formatTypes = {
+         "%": function _(x, p) {
+           return (x * 100).toFixed(p);
+         },
+         "b": function b(x) {
+           return Math.round(x).toString(2);
+         },
+         "c": function c(x) {
+           return x + "";
+         },
+         "d": formatDecimal,
+         "e": function e(x, p) {
+           return x.toExponential(p);
+         },
+         "f": function f(x, p) {
+           return x.toFixed(p);
+         },
+         "g": function g(x, p) {
+           return x.toPrecision(p);
+         },
+         "o": function o(x) {
+           return Math.round(x).toString(8);
+         },
+         "p": function p(x, _p) {
+           return formatRounded(x * 100, _p);
+         },
+         "r": formatRounded,
+         "s": formatPrefixAuto,
+         "X": function X(x) {
+           return Math.round(x).toString(16).toUpperCase();
+         },
+         "x": function x(_x) {
+           return Math.round(_x).toString(16);
+         }
+       };
 
+       function identity (x) {
+         return x;
+       }
 
-               function changeInput() {
-                   var input = select(this);
-                   var val = input.property('value').trim() || undefined;
+       var map$1 = Array.prototype.map,
+           prefixes = ["y", "z", "a", "f", "p", "n", "µ", "m", "", "k", "M", "G", "T", "P", "E", "Z", "Y"];
+       function formatLocale (locale) {
+         var group = locale.grouping === undefined || locale.thousands === undefined ? identity : formatGroup(map$1.call(locale.grouping, Number), locale.thousands + ""),
+             currencyPrefix = locale.currency === undefined ? "" : locale.currency[0] + "",
+             currencySuffix = locale.currency === undefined ? "" : locale.currency[1] + "",
+             decimal = locale.decimal === undefined ? "." : locale.decimal + "",
+             numerals = locale.numerals === undefined ? identity : formatNumerals(map$1.call(locale.numerals, String)),
+             percent = locale.percent === undefined ? "%" : locale.percent + "",
+             minus = locale.minus === undefined ? "−" : locale.minus + "",
+             nan = locale.nan === undefined ? "NaN" : locale.nan + "";
 
-                   // store the unsaved comment with the note itself
-                   _note = _note.update({ newComment: val });
+         function newFormat(specifier) {
+           specifier = formatSpecifier(specifier);
+           var fill = specifier.fill,
+               align = specifier.align,
+               sign = specifier.sign,
+               symbol = specifier.symbol,
+               zero = specifier.zero,
+               width = specifier.width,
+               comma = specifier.comma,
+               precision = specifier.precision,
+               trim = specifier.trim,
+               type = specifier.type; // The "n" type is an alias for ",g".
 
-                   var osm = services.osm;
-                   if (osm) {
-                       osm.replaceNote(_note);  // update note cache
-                   }
+           if (type === "n") comma = true, type = "g"; // The "" type, and any invalid type, is an alias for ".12~g".
+           else if (!formatTypes[type]) precision === undefined && (precision = 12), trim = true, type = "g"; // If zero fill is specified, padding goes after sign and before digits.
 
-                   noteSave
-                       .call(noteSaveButtons);
-               }
-           }
+           if (zero || fill === "0" && align === "=") zero = true, fill = "0", align = "="; // Compute the prefix and suffix.
+           // For SI-prefix, the suffix is lazily computed.
 
+           var prefix = symbol === "$" ? currencyPrefix : symbol === "#" && /[boxX]/.test(type) ? "0" + type.toLowerCase() : "",
+               suffix = symbol === "$" ? currencySuffix : /[%p]/.test(type) ? percent : ""; // What format function should we use?
+           // Is this an integer type?
+           // Can this type generate exponential notation?
 
-           function userDetails(selection) {
-               var detailSection = selection.selectAll('.detail-section')
-                   .data([0]);
+           var formatType = formatTypes[type],
+               maybeSuffix = /[defgprs%]/.test(type); // Set the default precision if not specified,
+           // or clamp the specified precision to the supported range.
+           // For significant precision, it must be in [1, 21].
+           // For fixed precision, it must be in [0, 20].
 
-               detailSection = detailSection.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'detail-section')
-                   .merge(detailSection);
+           precision = precision === undefined ? 6 : /[gprs]/.test(type) ? Math.max(1, Math.min(21, precision)) : Math.max(0, Math.min(20, precision));
 
-               var osm = services.osm;
-               if (!osm) return;
-
-               // Add warning if user is not logged in
-               var hasAuth = osm.authenticated();
-               var authWarning = detailSection.selectAll('.auth-warning')
-                   .data(hasAuth ? [] : [0]);
-
-               authWarning.exit()
-                   .transition()
-                   .duration(200)
-                   .style('opacity', 0)
-                   .remove();
-
-               var authEnter = authWarning.enter()
-                   .insert('div', '.tag-reference-body')
-                   .attr('class', 'field-warning auth-warning')
-                   .style('opacity', 0);
-
-               authEnter
-                   .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-alert', 'inline'));
-
-               authEnter
-                   .append('span')
-                   .text(_t('note.login'));
-
-               authEnter
-                   .append('a')
-                   .attr('target', '_blank')
-                   .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-out-link', 'inline'))
-                   .append('span')
-                   .text(_t('login'))
-                   .on('click.note-login', function() {
-                       event.preventDefault();
-                       osm.authenticate();
-                   });
+           function format(value) {
+             var valuePrefix = prefix,
+                 valueSuffix = suffix,
+                 i,
+                 n,
+                 c;
 
-               authEnter
-                   .transition()
-                   .duration(200)
-                   .style('opacity', 1);
+             if (type === "c") {
+               valueSuffix = formatType(value) + valueSuffix;
+               value = "";
+             } else {
+               value = +value; // Determine the sign. -0 is not less than 0, but 1 / -0 is!
 
+               var valueNegative = value < 0 || 1 / value < 0; // Perform the initial formatting.
 
-               var prose = detailSection.selectAll('.note-save-prose')
-                   .data(hasAuth ? [0] : []);
+               value = isNaN(value) ? nan : formatType(Math.abs(value), precision); // Trim insignificant zeros.
 
-               prose.exit()
-                   .remove();
+               if (trim) value = formatTrim(value); // If a negative value rounds to zero after formatting, and no explicit positive sign is requested, hide the sign.
 
-               prose = prose.enter()
-                   .append('p')
-                   .attr('class', 'note-save-prose')
-                   .text(_t('note.upload_explanation'))
-                   .merge(prose);
+               if (valueNegative && +value === 0 && sign !== "+") valueNegative = false; // Compute the prefix and suffix.
 
-               osm.userDetails(function(err, user) {
-                   if (err) return;
+               valuePrefix = (valueNegative ? sign === "(" ? sign : minus : sign === "-" || sign === "(" ? "" : sign) + valuePrefix;
+               valueSuffix = (type === "s" ? prefixes[8 + prefixExponent / 3] : "") + valueSuffix + (valueNegative && sign === "(" ? ")" : ""); // Break the formatted value into the integer “value” part that can be
+               // grouped, and fractional or exponential “suffix” part that is not.
 
-                   var userLink = select(document.createElement('div'));
+               if (maybeSuffix) {
+                 i = -1, n = value.length;
 
-                   if (user.image_url) {
-                       userLink
-                           .append('img')
-                           .attr('src', user.image_url)
-                           .attr('class', 'icon pre-text user-icon');
+                 while (++i < n) {
+                   if (c = value.charCodeAt(i), 48 > c || c > 57) {
+                     valueSuffix = (c === 46 ? decimal + value.slice(i + 1) : value.slice(i)) + valueSuffix;
+                     value = value.slice(0, i);
+                     break;
                    }
+                 }
+               }
+             } // If the fill character is not "0", grouping is applied before padding.
 
-                   userLink
-                       .append('a')
-                       .attr('class', 'user-info')
-                       .text(user.display_name)
-                       .attr('href', osm.userURL(user.display_name))
-                       .attr('tabindex', -1)
-                       .attr('target', '_blank');
 
-                   prose
-                       .html(_t('note.upload_explanation_with_user', { user: userLink.html() }));
-               });
-           }
+             if (comma && !zero) value = group(value, Infinity); // Compute the padding.
 
+             var length = valuePrefix.length + value.length + valueSuffix.length,
+                 padding = length < width ? new Array(width - length + 1).join(fill) : ""; // If the fill character is "0", grouping is applied after padding.
 
-           function noteSaveButtons(selection) {
-               var osm = services.osm;
-               var hasAuth = osm && osm.authenticated();
+             if (comma && zero) value = group(padding + value, padding.length ? width - valueSuffix.length : Infinity), padding = ""; // Reconstruct the final output based on the desired alignment.
 
-               var isSelected = (_note && _note.id === context.selectedNoteID());
-               var buttonSection = selection.selectAll('.buttons')
-                   .data((isSelected ? [_note] : []), function(d) { return d.status + d.id; });
+             switch (align) {
+               case "<":
+                 value = valuePrefix + value + valueSuffix + padding;
+                 break;
 
-               // exit
-               buttonSection.exit()
-                   .remove();
+               case "=":
+                 value = valuePrefix + padding + value + valueSuffix;
+                 break;
 
-               // enter
-               var buttonEnter = buttonSection.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'buttons');
+               case "^":
+                 value = padding.slice(0, length = padding.length >> 1) + valuePrefix + value + valueSuffix + padding.slice(length);
+                 break;
 
-               if (_note.isNew()) {
-                   buttonEnter
-                       .append('button')
-                       .attr('class', 'button cancel-button secondary-action')
-                       .text(_t('confirm.cancel'));
+               default:
+                 value = padding + valuePrefix + value + valueSuffix;
+                 break;
+             }
 
-                   buttonEnter
-                       .append('button')
-                       .attr('class', 'button save-button action')
-                       .text(_t('note.save'));
+             return numerals(value);
+           }
 
-               } else {
-                   buttonEnter
-                       .append('button')
-                       .attr('class', 'button status-button action');
+           format.toString = function () {
+             return specifier + "";
+           };
 
-                   buttonEnter
-                       .append('button')
-                       .attr('class', 'button comment-button action')
-                       .text(_t('note.comment'));
-               }
+           return format;
+         }
+
+         function formatPrefix(specifier, value) {
+           var f = newFormat((specifier = formatSpecifier(specifier), specifier.type = "f", specifier)),
+               e = Math.max(-8, Math.min(8, Math.floor(exponent(value) / 3))) * 3,
+               k = Math.pow(10, -e),
+               prefix = prefixes[8 + e / 3];
+           return function (value) {
+             return f(k * value) + prefix;
+           };
+         }
 
+         return {
+           format: newFormat,
+           formatPrefix: formatPrefix
+         };
+       }
 
-               // update
-               buttonSection = buttonSection
-                   .merge(buttonEnter);
+       var locale;
+       var format;
+       var formatPrefix;
+       defaultLocale({
+         thousands: ",",
+         grouping: [3],
+         currency: ["$", ""]
+       });
+       function defaultLocale(definition) {
+         locale = formatLocale(definition);
+         format = locale.format;
+         formatPrefix = locale.formatPrefix;
+         return locale;
+       }
 
-               buttonSection.select('.cancel-button')   // select and propagate data
-                   .on('click.cancel', clickCancel);
+       function precisionFixed (step) {
+         return Math.max(0, -exponent(Math.abs(step)));
+       }
 
-               buttonSection.select('.save-button')     // select and propagate data
-                   .attr('disabled', isSaveDisabled)
-                   .on('click.save', clickSave);
+       function precisionPrefix (step, value) {
+         return Math.max(0, Math.max(-8, Math.min(8, Math.floor(exponent(value) / 3))) * 3 - exponent(Math.abs(step)));
+       }
 
-               buttonSection.select('.status-button')   // select and propagate data
-                   .attr('disabled', (hasAuth ? null : true))
-                   .text(function(d) {
-                       var action = (d.status === 'open' ? 'close' : 'open');
-                       var andComment = (d.newComment ? '_comment' : '');
-                       return _t('note.' + action + andComment);
-                   })
-                   .on('click.status', clickStatus);
+       function precisionRound (step, max) {
+         step = Math.abs(step), max = Math.abs(max) - step;
+         return Math.max(0, exponent(max) - exponent(step)) + 1;
+       }
 
-               buttonSection.select('.comment-button')   // select and propagate data
-                   .attr('disabled', isSaveDisabled)
-                   .on('click.comment', clickComment);
+       function tickFormat(start, stop, count, specifier) {
+         var step = tickStep(start, stop, count),
+             precision;
+         specifier = formatSpecifier(specifier == null ? ",f" : specifier);
 
+         switch (specifier.type) {
+           case "s":
+             {
+               var value = Math.max(Math.abs(start), Math.abs(stop));
+               if (specifier.precision == null && !isNaN(precision = precisionPrefix(step, value))) specifier.precision = precision;
+               return formatPrefix(specifier, value);
+             }
 
-               function isSaveDisabled(d) {
-                   return (hasAuth && d.status === 'open' && d.newComment) ? null : true;
-               }
-           }
+           case "":
+           case "e":
+           case "g":
+           case "p":
+           case "r":
+             {
+               if (specifier.precision == null && !isNaN(precision = precisionRound(step, Math.max(Math.abs(start), Math.abs(stop))))) specifier.precision = precision - (specifier.type === "e");
+               break;
+             }
 
+           case "f":
+           case "%":
+             {
+               if (specifier.precision == null && !isNaN(precision = precisionFixed(step))) specifier.precision = precision - (specifier.type === "%") * 2;
+               break;
+             }
+         }
 
+         return format(specifier);
+       }
 
-           function clickCancel(d) {
-               this.blur();    // avoid keeping focus on the button - #4641
-               var osm = services.osm;
-               if (osm) {
-                   osm.removeNote(d);
-               }
-               context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
-               dispatch$1.call('change');
-           }
+       function linearish(scale) {
+         var domain = scale.domain;
 
+         scale.ticks = function (count) {
+           var d = domain();
+           return ticks(d[0], d[d.length - 1], count == null ? 10 : count);
+         };
 
-           function clickSave(d) {
-               this.blur();    // avoid keeping focus on the button - #4641
-               var osm = services.osm;
-               if (osm) {
-                   osm.postNoteCreate(d, function(err, note) {
-                       dispatch$1.call('change', note);
-                   });
-               }
+         scale.tickFormat = function (count, specifier) {
+           var d = domain();
+           return tickFormat(d[0], d[d.length - 1], count == null ? 10 : count, specifier);
+         };
+
+         scale.nice = function (count) {
+           if (count == null) count = 10;
+           var d = domain();
+           var i0 = 0;
+           var i1 = d.length - 1;
+           var start = d[i0];
+           var stop = d[i1];
+           var prestep;
+           var step;
+           var maxIter = 10;
+
+           if (stop < start) {
+             step = start, start = stop, stop = step;
+             step = i0, i0 = i1, i1 = step;
            }
 
+           while (maxIter-- > 0) {
+             step = tickIncrement(start, stop, count);
 
-           function clickStatus(d) {
-               this.blur();    // avoid keeping focus on the button - #4641
-               var osm = services.osm;
-               if (osm) {
-                   var setStatus = (d.status === 'open' ? 'closed' : 'open');
-                   osm.postNoteUpdate(d, setStatus, function(err, note) {
-                       dispatch$1.call('change', note);
-                   });
-               }
-           }
+             if (step === prestep) {
+               d[i0] = start;
+               d[i1] = stop;
+               return domain(d);
+             } else if (step > 0) {
+               start = Math.floor(start / step) * step;
+               stop = Math.ceil(stop / step) * step;
+             } else if (step < 0) {
+               start = Math.ceil(start * step) / step;
+               stop = Math.floor(stop * step) / step;
+             } else {
+               break;
+             }
 
-           function clickComment(d) {
-               this.blur();    // avoid keeping focus on the button - #4641
-               var osm = services.osm;
-               if (osm) {
-                   osm.postNoteUpdate(d, d.status, function(err, note) {
-                       dispatch$1.call('change', note);
-                   });
-               }
+             prestep = step;
            }
 
+           return scale;
+         };
 
-           noteEditor.note = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _note;
-               _note = val;
-               return noteEditor;
-           };
-
-           noteEditor.newNote = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _newNote;
-               _newNote = val;
-               return noteEditor;
-           };
+         return scale;
+       }
+       function linear() {
+         var scale = continuous();
 
+         scale.copy = function () {
+           return copy$1(scale, linear());
+         };
 
-           return utilRebind(noteEditor, dispatch$1, 'on');
+         initRange.apply(scale, arguments);
+         return linearish(scale);
        }
 
-       function modeSelectNote(context, selectedNoteID) {
-           var mode = {
-               id: 'select-note',
-               button: 'browse'
-           };
+       // eslint-disable-next-line es/no-math-expm1 -- safe
+       var $expm1 = Math.expm1;
+       var exp$1 = Math.exp;
 
-           var _keybinding = utilKeybinding('select-note');
-           var _noteEditor = uiNoteEditor(context)
-               .on('change', function() {
-                   context.map().pan([0,0]);  // trigger a redraw
-                   var note = checkSelectedID();
-                   if (!note) return;
-                   context.ui().sidebar
-                       .show(_noteEditor.note(note));
-               });
+       // `Math.expm1` method implementation
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-math.expm1
+       var mathExpm1 = (!$expm1
+         // Old FF bug
+         || $expm1(10) > 22025.465794806719 || $expm1(10) < 22025.4657948067165168
+         // Tor Browser bug
+         || $expm1(-2e-17) != -2e-17
+       ) ? function expm1(x) {
+         return (x = +x) == 0 ? x : x > -1e-6 && x < 1e-6 ? x + x * x / 2 : exp$1(x) - 1;
+       } : $expm1;
 
-           var _behaviors = [
-               behaviorBreathe(),
-               behaviorHover(context),
-               behaviorSelect(context),
-               behaviorLasso(context),
-               modeDragNode(context).behavior,
-               modeDragNote(context).behavior
-           ];
+       function quantize() {
+         var x0 = 0,
+             x1 = 1,
+             n = 1,
+             domain = [0.5],
+             range = [0, 1],
+             unknown;
 
-           var _newFeature = false;
+         function scale(x) {
+           return x != null && x <= x ? range[bisectRight(domain, x, 0, n)] : unknown;
+         }
 
+         function rescale() {
+           var i = -1;
+           domain = new Array(n);
 
-           function checkSelectedID() {
-               if (!services.osm) return;
-               var note = services.osm.getNote(selectedNoteID);
-               if (!note) {
-                   context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
-               }
-               return note;
+           while (++i < n) {
+             domain[i] = ((i + 1) * x1 - (i - n) * x0) / (n + 1);
            }
 
+           return scale;
+         }
 
-           // class the note as selected, or return to browse mode if the note is gone
-           function selectNote(drawn) {
-               if (!checkSelectedID()) return;
-
-               var selection = context.surface().selectAll('.layer-notes .note-' + selectedNoteID);
+         scale.domain = function (_) {
+           var _ref, _ref2;
 
-               if (selection.empty()) {
-                   // Return to browse mode if selected DOM elements have
-                   // disappeared because the user moved them out of view..
-                   var source = event && event.type === 'zoom' && event.sourceEvent;
-                   if (drawn && source && (source.type === 'pointermove' || source.type === 'mousemove' || source.type === 'touchmove')) {
-                       context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
-                   }
+           return arguments.length ? ((_ref = _, _ref2 = _slicedToArray(_ref, 2), x0 = _ref2[0], x1 = _ref2[1], _ref), x0 = +x0, x1 = +x1, rescale()) : [x0, x1];
+         };
 
-               } else {
-                   selection
-                       .classed('selected', true);
+         scale.range = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (n = (range = Array.from(_)).length - 1, rescale()) : range.slice();
+         };
 
-                   context.selectedNoteID(selectedNoteID);
-               }
-           }
+         scale.invertExtent = function (y) {
+           var i = range.indexOf(y);
+           return i < 0 ? [NaN, NaN] : i < 1 ? [x0, domain[0]] : i >= n ? [domain[n - 1], x1] : [domain[i - 1], domain[i]];
+         };
 
+         scale.unknown = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (unknown = _, scale) : scale;
+         };
 
-           function esc() {
-               if (context.container().select('.combobox').size()) return;
-               context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
-           }
+         scale.thresholds = function () {
+           return domain.slice();
+         };
 
+         scale.copy = function () {
+           return quantize().domain([x0, x1]).range(range).unknown(unknown);
+         };
 
-           mode.zoomToSelected = function() {
-               if (!services.osm) return;
-               var note = services.osm.getNote(selectedNoteID);
-               if (note) {
-                   context.map().centerZoomEase(note.loc, 20);
-               }
-           };
+         return initRange.apply(linearish(scale), arguments);
+       }
 
+       // https://github.com/tc39/proposal-string-pad-start-end
+
+
+
+
+       var ceil = Math.ceil;
+
+       // `String.prototype.{ padStart, padEnd }` methods implementation
+       var createMethod = function (IS_END) {
+         return function ($this, maxLength, fillString) {
+           var S = String(requireObjectCoercible($this));
+           var stringLength = S.length;
+           var fillStr = fillString === undefined ? ' ' : String(fillString);
+           var intMaxLength = toLength(maxLength);
+           var fillLen, stringFiller;
+           if (intMaxLength <= stringLength || fillStr == '') return S;
+           fillLen = intMaxLength - stringLength;
+           stringFiller = stringRepeat.call(fillStr, ceil(fillLen / fillStr.length));
+           if (stringFiller.length > fillLen) stringFiller = stringFiller.slice(0, fillLen);
+           return IS_END ? S + stringFiller : stringFiller + S;
+         };
+       };
+
+       var stringPad = {
+         // `String.prototype.padStart` method
+         // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-string.prototype.padstart
+         start: createMethod(false),
+         // `String.prototype.padEnd` method
+         // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-string.prototype.padend
+         end: createMethod(true)
+       };
+
+       var padStart = stringPad.start;
+
+       var abs$1 = Math.abs;
+       var DatePrototype = Date.prototype;
+       var getTime = DatePrototype.getTime;
+       var nativeDateToISOString = DatePrototype.toISOString;
+
+       // `Date.prototype.toISOString` method implementation
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-date.prototype.toisostring
+       // PhantomJS / old WebKit fails here:
+       var dateToIsoString = (fails(function () {
+         return nativeDateToISOString.call(new Date(-5e13 - 1)) != '0385-07-25T07:06:39.999Z';
+       }) || !fails(function () {
+         nativeDateToISOString.call(new Date(NaN));
+       })) ? function toISOString() {
+         if (!isFinite(getTime.call(this))) throw RangeError('Invalid time value');
+         var date = this;
+         var year = date.getUTCFullYear();
+         var milliseconds = date.getUTCMilliseconds();
+         var sign = year < 0 ? '-' : year > 9999 ? '+' : '';
+         return sign + padStart(abs$1(year), sign ? 6 : 4, 0) +
+           '-' + padStart(date.getUTCMonth() + 1, 2, 0) +
+           '-' + padStart(date.getUTCDate(), 2, 0) +
+           'T' + padStart(date.getUTCHours(), 2, 0) +
+           ':' + padStart(date.getUTCMinutes(), 2, 0) +
+           ':' + padStart(date.getUTCSeconds(), 2, 0) +
+           '.' + padStart(milliseconds, 3, 0) +
+           'Z';
+       } : nativeDateToISOString;
+
+       // `Date.prototype.toISOString` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-date.prototype.toisostring
+       // PhantomJS / old WebKit has a broken implementations
+       _export({ target: 'Date', proto: true, forced: Date.prototype.toISOString !== dateToIsoString }, {
+         toISOString: dateToIsoString
+       });
 
-           mode.newFeature = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _newFeature;
-               _newFeature = val;
-               return mode;
-           };
+       function behaviorBreathe() {
+         var duration = 800;
+         var steps = 4;
+         var selector = '.selected.shadow, .selected .shadow';
 
+         var _selected = select(null);
 
-           mode.enter = function() {
-               var note = checkSelectedID();
-               if (!note) return;
+         var _classed = '';
+         var _params = {};
+         var _done = false;
 
-               _behaviors.forEach(context.install);
+         var _timer;
 
-               _keybinding
-                   .on(_t('inspector.zoom_to.key'), mode.zoomToSelected)
-                   .on('⎋', esc, true);
+         function ratchetyInterpolator(a, b, steps, units) {
+           a = parseFloat(a);
+           b = parseFloat(b);
+           var sample = quantize().domain([0, 1]).range(d3_quantize(d3_interpolateNumber(a, b), steps));
+           return function (t) {
+             return String(sample(t)) + (units || '');
+           };
+         }
 
-               select(document)
-                   .call(_keybinding);
+         function reset(selection) {
+           selection.style('stroke-opacity', null).style('stroke-width', null).style('fill-opacity', null).style('r', null);
+         }
 
-               selectNote();
+         function setAnimationParams(transition, fromTo) {
+           var toFrom = fromTo === 'from' ? 'to' : 'from';
+           transition.styleTween('stroke-opacity', function (d) {
+             return ratchetyInterpolator(_params[d.id][toFrom].opacity, _params[d.id][fromTo].opacity, steps);
+           }).styleTween('stroke-width', function (d) {
+             return ratchetyInterpolator(_params[d.id][toFrom].width, _params[d.id][fromTo].width, steps, 'px');
+           }).styleTween('fill-opacity', function (d) {
+             return ratchetyInterpolator(_params[d.id][toFrom].opacity, _params[d.id][fromTo].opacity, steps);
+           }).styleTween('r', function (d) {
+             return ratchetyInterpolator(_params[d.id][toFrom].width, _params[d.id][fromTo].width, steps, 'px');
+           });
+         }
 
-               var sidebar = context.ui().sidebar;
-               sidebar.show(_noteEditor.note(note).newNote(_newFeature));
+         function calcAnimationParams(selection) {
+           selection.call(reset).each(function (d) {
+             var s = select(this);
+             var tag = s.node().tagName;
+             var p = {
+               'from': {},
+               'to': {}
+             };
+             var opacity;
+             var width; // determine base opacity and width
 
-               // expand the sidebar, avoid obscuring the note if needed
-               sidebar.expand(sidebar.intersects(note.extent()));
+             if (tag === 'circle') {
+               opacity = parseFloat(s.style('fill-opacity') || 0.5);
+               width = parseFloat(s.style('r') || 15.5);
+             } else {
+               opacity = parseFloat(s.style('stroke-opacity') || 0.7);
+               width = parseFloat(s.style('stroke-width') || 10);
+             } // calculate from/to interpolation params..
 
-               context.map()
-                   .on('drawn.select', selectNote);
-           };
 
+             p.tag = tag;
+             p.from.opacity = opacity * 0.6;
+             p.to.opacity = opacity * 1.25;
+             p.from.width = width * 0.7;
+             p.to.width = width * (tag === 'circle' ? 1.5 : 1);
+             _params[d.id] = p;
+           });
+         }
 
-           mode.exit = function() {
-               _behaviors.forEach(context.uninstall);
+         function run(surface, fromTo) {
+           var toFrom = fromTo === 'from' ? 'to' : 'from';
+           var currSelected = surface.selectAll(selector);
+           var currClassed = surface.attr('class');
 
-               select(document)
-                   .call(_keybinding.unbind);
+           if (_done || currSelected.empty()) {
+             _selected.call(reset);
 
-               context.surface()
-                   .selectAll('.layer-notes .selected')
-                   .classed('selected hover', false);
+             _selected = select(null);
+             return;
+           }
 
-               context.map()
-                   .on('drawn.select', null);
+           if (!fastDeepEqual(currSelected.data(), _selected.data()) || currClassed !== _classed) {
+             _selected.call(reset);
 
-               context.ui().sidebar
-                   .hide();
+             _classed = currClassed;
+             _selected = currSelected.call(calcAnimationParams);
+           }
 
-               context.selectedNoteID(null);
-           };
+           var didCallNextRun = false;
 
+           _selected.transition().duration(duration).call(setAnimationParams, fromTo).on('end', function () {
+             // `end` event is called for each selected element, but we want
+             // it to run only once
+             if (!didCallNextRun) {
+               surface.call(run, toFrom);
+               didCallNextRun = true;
+             } // if entity was deselected, remove breathe styling
 
-           return mode;
-       }
 
-       function modeDragNote(context) {
-           var mode = {
-               id: 'drag-note',
-               button: 'browse'
-           };
+             if (!select(this).classed('selected')) {
+               reset(select(this));
+             }
+           });
+         }
 
-           var edit = behaviorEdit(context);
+         function behavior(surface) {
+           _done = false;
+           _timer = timer(function () {
+             // wait for elements to actually become selected
+             if (surface.selectAll(selector).empty()) {
+               return false;
+             }
 
-           var _nudgeInterval;
-           var _lastLoc;
-           var _note;    // most current note.. dragged note may have stale datum.
+             surface.call(run, 'from');
 
+             _timer.stop();
 
-           function startNudge(nudge) {
-               if (_nudgeInterval) window.clearInterval(_nudgeInterval);
-               _nudgeInterval = window.setInterval(function() {
-                   context.map().pan(nudge);
-                   doMove(nudge);
-               }, 50);
-           }
+             return true;
+           }, 20);
+         }
 
+         behavior.restartIfNeeded = function (surface) {
+           if (_selected.empty()) {
+             surface.call(run, 'from');
 
-           function stopNudge() {
-               if (_nudgeInterval) {
-                   window.clearInterval(_nudgeInterval);
-                   _nudgeInterval = null;
-               }
+             if (_timer) {
+               _timer.stop();
+             }
            }
+         };
 
+         behavior.off = function () {
+           _done = true;
 
-           function origin(note) {
-               return context.projection(note.loc);
+           if (_timer) {
+             _timer.stop();
            }
 
+           _selected.interrupt().call(reset);
+         };
 
-           function start(note) {
-               _note = note;
-               var osm = services.osm;
-               if (osm) {
-                   // Get latest note from cache.. The marker may have a stale datum bound to it
-                   // and dragging it around can sometimes delete the users note comment.
-                   _note = osm.getNote(_note.id);
-               }
+         return behavior;
+       }
+
+       /* Creates a keybinding behavior for an operation */
+       function behaviorOperation(context) {
+         var _operation;
 
-               context.surface().selectAll('.note-' + _note.id)
-                   .classed('active', true);
+         function keypress(d3_event) {
+           // prevent operations during low zoom selection
+           if (!context.map().withinEditableZoom()) return;
+           if (_operation.availableForKeypress && !_operation.availableForKeypress()) return;
+           d3_event.preventDefault();
 
-               context.perform(actionNoop());
-               context.enter(mode);
-               context.selectedNoteID(_note.id);
-           }
+           var disabled = _operation.disabled();
 
+           if (disabled) {
+             context.ui().flash.duration(4000).iconName('#iD-operation-' + _operation.id).iconClass('operation disabled').label(_operation.tooltip)();
+           } else {
+             context.ui().flash.duration(2000).iconName('#iD-operation-' + _operation.id).iconClass('operation').label(_operation.annotation() || _operation.title)();
+             if (_operation.point) _operation.point(null);
 
-           function move() {
-               event.sourceEvent.stopPropagation();
-               _lastLoc = context.projection.invert(event.point);
+             _operation();
+           }
+         }
 
-               doMove();
-               var nudge = geoViewportEdge(event.point, context.map().dimensions());
-               if (nudge) {
-                   startNudge(nudge);
-               } else {
-                   stopNudge();
-               }
+         function behavior() {
+           if (_operation && _operation.available()) {
+             context.keybinding().on(_operation.keys, keypress);
            }
 
+           return behavior;
+         }
 
-           function doMove(nudge) {
-               nudge = nudge || [0, 0];
+         behavior.off = function () {
+           context.keybinding().off(_operation.keys);
+         };
 
-               var currPoint = (event && event.point) || context.projection(_lastLoc);
-               var currMouse = geoVecSubtract(currPoint, nudge);
-               var loc = context.projection.invert(currMouse);
+         behavior.which = function (_) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _operation;
+           _operation = _;
+           return behavior;
+         };
 
-               _note = _note.move(loc);
+         return behavior;
+       }
 
-               var osm = services.osm;
-               if (osm) {
-                   osm.replaceNote(_note);  // update note cache
-               }
+       function operationCircularize(context, selectedIDs) {
+         var _extent;
 
-               context.replace(actionNoop());   // trigger redraw
-           }
+         var _actions = selectedIDs.map(getAction).filter(Boolean);
 
+         var _amount = _actions.length === 1 ? 'single' : 'multiple';
 
-           function end() {
-               context.replace(actionNoop());   // trigger redraw
+         var _coords = utilGetAllNodes(selectedIDs, context.graph()).map(function (n) {
+           return n.loc;
+         });
+
+         function getAction(entityID) {
+           var entity = context.entity(entityID);
+           if (entity.type !== 'way' || new Set(entity.nodes).size <= 1) return null;
 
-               context
-                   .selectedNoteID(_note.id)
-                   .enter(modeSelectNote(context, _note.id));
+           if (!_extent) {
+             _extent = entity.extent(context.graph());
+           } else {
+             _extent = _extent.extend(entity.extent(context.graph()));
            }
 
+           return actionCircularize(entityID, context.projection);
+         }
 
-           var drag = behaviorDrag()
-               .selector('.layer-touch.markers .target.note.new')
-               .surface(context.container().select('.main-map').node())
-               .origin(origin)
-               .on('start', start)
-               .on('move', move)
-               .on('end', end);
+         var operation = function operation() {
+           if (!_actions.length) return;
 
+           var combinedAction = function combinedAction(graph, t) {
+             _actions.forEach(function (action) {
+               if (!action.disabled(graph)) {
+                 graph = action(graph, t);
+               }
+             });
 
-           mode.enter = function() {
-               context.install(edit);
+             return graph;
            };
 
+           combinedAction.transitionable = true;
+           context.perform(combinedAction, operation.annotation());
+           window.setTimeout(function () {
+             context.validator().validate();
+           }, 300); // after any transition
+         };
 
-           mode.exit = function() {
-               context.ui().sidebar.hover.cancel();
-               context.uninstall(edit);
+         operation.available = function () {
+           return _actions.length && selectedIDs.length === _actions.length;
+         }; // don't cache this because the visible extent could change
 
-               context.surface()
-                   .selectAll('.active')
-                   .classed('active', false);
 
-               stopNudge();
-           };
+         operation.disabled = function () {
+           if (!_actions.length) return '';
 
-           mode.behavior = drag;
+           var actionDisableds = _actions.map(function (action) {
+             return action.disabled(context.graph());
+           }).filter(Boolean);
 
-           return mode;
-       }
+           if (actionDisableds.length === _actions.length) {
+             // none of the features can be circularized
+             if (new Set(actionDisableds).size > 1) {
+               return 'multiple_blockers';
+             }
 
-       function uiDataHeader() {
-           var _datum;
+             return actionDisableds[0];
+           } else if (_extent.percentContainedIn(context.map().extent()) < 0.8) {
+             return 'too_large';
+           } else if (someMissing()) {
+             return 'not_downloaded';
+           } else if (selectedIDs.some(context.hasHiddenConnections)) {
+             return 'connected_to_hidden';
+           }
 
+           return false;
 
-           function dataHeader(selection) {
-               var header = selection.selectAll('.data-header')
-                   .data(
-                       (_datum ? [_datum] : []),
-                       function(d) { return d.__featurehash__; }
-                   );
+           function someMissing() {
+             if (context.inIntro()) return false;
+             var osm = context.connection();
 
-               header.exit()
-                   .remove();
+             if (osm) {
+               var missing = _coords.filter(function (loc) {
+                 return !osm.isDataLoaded(loc);
+               });
 
-               var headerEnter = header.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'data-header');
+               if (missing.length) {
+                 missing.forEach(function (loc) {
+                   context.loadTileAtLoc(loc);
+                 });
+                 return true;
+               }
+             }
 
-               var iconEnter = headerEnter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'data-header-icon');
+             return false;
+           }
+         };
 
-               iconEnter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'preset-icon-28')
-                   .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-data', 'note-fill'));
+         operation.tooltip = function () {
+           var disable = operation.disabled();
+           return disable ? _t('operations.circularize.' + disable + '.' + _amount) : _t('operations.circularize.description.' + _amount);
+         };
 
-               headerEnter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'data-header-label')
-                   .text(_t('map_data.layers.custom.title'));
-           }
+         operation.annotation = function () {
+           return _t('operations.circularize.annotation.feature', {
+             n: _actions.length
+           });
+         };
 
+         operation.id = 'circularize';
+         operation.keys = [_t('operations.circularize.key')];
+         operation.title = _t('operations.circularize.title');
+         operation.behavior = behaviorOperation(context).which(operation);
+         return operation;
+       }
 
-           dataHeader.datum = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _datum;
-               _datum = val;
-               return this;
-           };
+       // For example, ⌘Z -> Ctrl+Z
 
+       var uiCmd = function uiCmd(code) {
+         var detected = utilDetect();
 
-           return dataHeader;
-       }
+         if (detected.os === 'mac') {
+           return code;
+         }
 
-       // This code assumes that the combobox values will not have duplicate entries.
-       // It is keyed on the `value` of the entry. Data should be an array of objects like:
-       //   [{
-       //       value:  'display text',  // required
-       //       title:  'hover text'     // optional
-       //   }, ...]
+         if (detected.os === 'win') {
+           if (code === '⌘⇧Z') return 'Ctrl+Y';
+         }
 
-       var _comboHideTimerID;
+         var result = '',
+             replacements = {
+           '⌘': 'Ctrl',
+           '⇧': 'Shift',
+           '⌥': 'Alt',
+           '⌫': 'Backspace',
+           '⌦': 'Delete'
+         };
 
-       function uiCombobox(context, klass) {
-           var dispatch$1 = dispatch('accept', 'cancel');
-           var container = context.container();
+         for (var i = 0; i < code.length; i++) {
+           if (code[i] in replacements) {
+             result += replacements[code[i]] + (i < code.length - 1 ? '+' : '');
+           } else {
+             result += code[i];
+           }
+         }
 
-           var _suggestions = [];
-           var _data = [];
-           var _fetched = {};
-           var _selected = null;
-           var _canAutocomplete = true;
-           var _caseSensitive = false;
-           var _cancelFetch = false;
-           var _minItems = 2;
-           var _tDown = 0;
-           var _mouseEnterHandler, _mouseLeaveHandler;
-
-           var _fetcher = function(val, cb) {
-               cb(_data.filter(function(d) {
-                   var terms = d.terms || [];
-                   terms.push(d.value);
-                   return terms.some(function(term) {
-                       return term
-                           .toString()
-                           .toLowerCase()
-                           .indexOf(val.toLowerCase()) !== -1;
-                   });
-               }));
-           };
+         return result;
+       }; // return a display-focused string for a given keyboard code
+
+       uiCmd.display = function (code) {
+         if (code.length !== 1) return code;
+         var detected = utilDetect();
+         var mac = detected.os === 'mac';
+         var replacements = {
+           '⌘': mac ? '⌘ ' + _t('shortcuts.key.cmd') : _t('shortcuts.key.ctrl'),
+           '⇧': mac ? '⇧ ' + _t('shortcuts.key.shift') : _t('shortcuts.key.shift'),
+           '⌥': mac ? '⌥ ' + _t('shortcuts.key.option') : _t('shortcuts.key.alt'),
+           '⌃': mac ? '⌃ ' + _t('shortcuts.key.ctrl') : _t('shortcuts.key.ctrl'),
+           '⌫': mac ? '⌫ ' + _t('shortcuts.key.delete') : _t('shortcuts.key.backspace'),
+           '⌦': mac ? '⌦ ' + _t('shortcuts.key.del') : _t('shortcuts.key.del'),
+           '↖': mac ? '↖ ' + _t('shortcuts.key.pgup') : _t('shortcuts.key.pgup'),
+           '↘': mac ? '↘ ' + _t('shortcuts.key.pgdn') : _t('shortcuts.key.pgdn'),
+           '⇞': mac ? '⇞ ' + _t('shortcuts.key.home') : _t('shortcuts.key.home'),
+           '⇟': mac ? '⇟ ' + _t('shortcuts.key.end') : _t('shortcuts.key.end'),
+           '↵': mac ? '⏎ ' + _t('shortcuts.key.return') : _t('shortcuts.key.enter'),
+           '⎋': mac ? '⎋ ' + _t('shortcuts.key.esc') : _t('shortcuts.key.esc'),
+           '☰': mac ? '☰ ' + _t('shortcuts.key.menu') : _t('shortcuts.key.menu')
+         };
+         return replacements[code] || code;
+       };
 
-           var combobox = function(input, attachTo) {
-               if (!input || input.empty()) return;
-
-               input
-                   .classed('combobox-input', true)
-                   .on('focus.combo-input', focus)
-                   .on('blur.combo-input', blur)
-                   .on('keydown.combo-input', keydown)
-                   .on('keyup.combo-input', keyup)
-                   .on('input.combo-input', change)
-                   .on('mousedown.combo-input', mousedown)
-                   .each(function() {
-                       var parent = this.parentNode;
-                       var sibling = this.nextSibling;
-
-                       select(parent).selectAll('.combobox-caret')
-                           .filter(function(d) { return d === input.node(); })
-                           .data([input.node()])
-                           .enter()
-                           .insert('div', function() { return sibling; })
-                           .attr('class', 'combobox-caret')
-                           .on('mousedown.combo-caret', function() {
-                               event.preventDefault(); // don't steal focus from input
-                               input.node().focus(); // focus the input as if it was clicked
-                               mousedown();
-                           })
-                           .on('mouseup.combo-caret', function() {
-                               event.preventDefault(); // don't steal focus from input
-                               mouseup();
-                           });
-                   });
+       function operationDelete(context, selectedIDs) {
+         var multi = selectedIDs.length === 1 ? 'single' : 'multiple';
+         var action = actionDeleteMultiple(selectedIDs);
+         var nodes = utilGetAllNodes(selectedIDs, context.graph());
+         var coords = nodes.map(function (n) {
+           return n.loc;
+         });
+         var extent = utilTotalExtent(selectedIDs, context.graph());
 
+         var operation = function operation() {
+           var nextSelectedID;
+           var nextSelectedLoc;
 
-               function mousedown() {
-                   if (event.button !== 0) return;    // left click only
-                   _tDown = +new Date();
+           if (selectedIDs.length === 1) {
+             var id = selectedIDs[0];
+             var entity = context.entity(id);
+             var geometry = entity.geometry(context.graph());
+             var parents = context.graph().parentWays(entity);
+             var parent = parents[0]; // Select the next closest node in the way.
 
-                   // clear selection
-                   var start = input.property('selectionStart');
-                   var end = input.property('selectionEnd');
-                   if (start !== end) {
-                       var val = utilGetSetValue(input);
-                       input.node().setSelectionRange(val.length, val.length);
-                       return;
-                   }
+             if (geometry === 'vertex') {
+               var nodes = parent.nodes;
+               var i = nodes.indexOf(id);
 
-                   input.on('mouseup.combo-input', mouseup);
+               if (i === 0) {
+                 i++;
+               } else if (i === nodes.length - 1) {
+                 i--;
+               } else {
+                 var a = geoSphericalDistance(entity.loc, context.entity(nodes[i - 1]).loc);
+                 var b = geoSphericalDistance(entity.loc, context.entity(nodes[i + 1]).loc);
+                 i = a < b ? i - 1 : i + 1;
                }
 
+               nextSelectedID = nodes[i];
+               nextSelectedLoc = context.entity(nextSelectedID).loc;
+             }
+           }
 
-               function mouseup() {
-                   input.on('mouseup.combo-input', null);
-                   if (event.button !== 0) return;    // left click only
-                   if (input.node() !== document.activeElement) return;   // exit if this input is not focused
+           context.perform(action, operation.annotation());
+           context.validator().validate();
 
-                   var start = input.property('selectionStart');
-                   var end = input.property('selectionEnd');
-                   if (start !== end) return;  // exit if user is selecting
-
-                   // not showing or showing for a different field - try to show it.
-                   var combo = container.selectAll('.combobox');
-                   if (combo.empty() || combo.datum() !== input.node()) {
-                       var tOrig = _tDown;
-                       window.setTimeout(function() {
-                           if (tOrig !== _tDown) return;   // exit if user double clicked
-                           fetchComboData('', function() {
-                               show();
-                               render();
-                           });
-                       }, 250);
+           if (nextSelectedID && nextSelectedLoc) {
+             if (context.hasEntity(nextSelectedID)) {
+               context.enter(modeSelect(context, [nextSelectedID]).follow(true));
+             } else {
+               context.map().centerEase(nextSelectedLoc);
+               context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+             }
+           } else {
+             context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+           }
+         };
 
-                   } else {
-                       hide();
-                   }
-               }
+         operation.available = function () {
+           return true;
+         };
 
+         operation.disabled = function () {
+           if (extent.percentContainedIn(context.map().extent()) < 0.8) {
+             return 'too_large';
+           } else if (someMissing()) {
+             return 'not_downloaded';
+           } else if (selectedIDs.some(context.hasHiddenConnections)) {
+             return 'connected_to_hidden';
+           } else if (selectedIDs.some(protectedMember)) {
+             return 'part_of_relation';
+           } else if (selectedIDs.some(incompleteRelation)) {
+             return 'incomplete_relation';
+           } else if (selectedIDs.some(hasWikidataTag)) {
+             return 'has_wikidata_tag';
+           }
 
-               function focus() {
-                   fetchComboData('');   // prefetch values (may warm taginfo cache)
-               }
+           return false;
+
+           function someMissing() {
+             if (context.inIntro()) return false;
+             var osm = context.connection();
 
+             if (osm) {
+               var missing = coords.filter(function (loc) {
+                 return !osm.isDataLoaded(loc);
+               });
 
-               function blur() {
-                   _comboHideTimerID = window.setTimeout(hide, 75);
+               if (missing.length) {
+                 missing.forEach(function (loc) {
+                   context.loadTileAtLoc(loc);
+                 });
+                 return true;
                }
+             }
 
+             return false;
+           }
 
-               function show() {
-                   hide();   // remove any existing
+           function hasWikidataTag(id) {
+             var entity = context.entity(id);
+             return entity.tags.wikidata && entity.tags.wikidata.trim().length > 0;
+           }
 
-                   container
-                       .insert('div', ':first-child')
-                       .datum(input.node())
-                       .attr('class', 'combobox' + (klass ? ' combobox-' + klass : ''))
-                       .style('position', 'absolute')
-                       .style('display', 'block')
-                       .style('left', '0px')
-                       .on('mousedown.combo-container', function () {
-                           // prevent moving focus out of the input field
-                           event.preventDefault();
-                       });
+           function incompleteRelation(id) {
+             var entity = context.entity(id);
+             return entity.type === 'relation' && !entity.isComplete(context.graph());
+           }
 
-                   container
-                       .on('scroll.combo-scroll', render, true);
-               }
+           function protectedMember(id) {
+             var entity = context.entity(id);
+             if (entity.type !== 'way') return false;
+             var parents = context.graph().parentRelations(entity);
 
+             for (var i = 0; i < parents.length; i++) {
+               var parent = parents[i];
+               var type = parent.tags.type;
+               var role = parent.memberById(id).role || 'outer';
 
-               function hide() {
-                   if (_comboHideTimerID) {
-                       window.clearTimeout(_comboHideTimerID);
-                       _comboHideTimerID = undefined;
-                   }
+               if (type === 'route' || type === 'boundary' || type === 'multipolygon' && role === 'outer') {
+                 return true;
+               }
+             }
 
-                   container.selectAll('.combobox')
-                       .remove();
+             return false;
+           }
+         };
 
-                   container
-                       .on('scroll.combo-scroll', null);
-               }
+         operation.tooltip = function () {
+           var disable = operation.disabled();
+           return disable ? _t('operations.delete.' + disable + '.' + multi) : _t('operations.delete.description.' + multi);
+         };
 
+         operation.annotation = function () {
+           return selectedIDs.length === 1 ? _t('operations.delete.annotation.' + context.graph().geometry(selectedIDs[0])) : _t('operations.delete.annotation.feature', {
+             n: selectedIDs.length
+           });
+         };
 
-               function keydown() {
-                   var shown = !container.selectAll('.combobox').empty();
-                   var tagName = input.node() ? input.node().tagName.toLowerCase() : '';
+         operation.id = 'delete';
+         operation.keys = [uiCmd('⌘⌫'), uiCmd('⌘⌦'), uiCmd('⌦')];
+         operation.title = _t('operations.delete.title');
+         operation.behavior = behaviorOperation(context).which(operation);
+         return operation;
+       }
 
-                   switch (event.keyCode) {
-                       case 8:   // ⌫ Backspace
-                       case 46:  // ⌦ Delete
-                           event.stopPropagation();
-                           _selected = null;
-                           render();
-                           input.on('input.combo-input', function() {
-                               var start = input.property('selectionStart');
-                               input.node().setSelectionRange(start, start);
-                               input.on('input.combo-input', change);
-                           });
-                           break;
-
-                       case 9:   // ⇥ Tab
-                           accept();
-                           break;
-
-                       case 13:  // ↩ Return
-                           event.preventDefault();
-                           event.stopPropagation();
-                           break;
-
-                       case 38:  // ↑ Up arrow
-                           if (tagName === 'textarea' && !shown) return;
-                           event.preventDefault();
-                           if (tagName === 'input' && !shown) {
-                               show();
-                           }
-                           nav(-1);
-                           break;
-
-                       case 40:  // ↓ Down arrow
-                           if (tagName === 'textarea' && !shown) return;
-                           event.preventDefault();
-                           if (tagName === 'input' && !shown) {
-                               show();
-                           }
-                           nav(+1);
-                           break;
-                   }
-               }
+       function operationOrthogonalize(context, selectedIDs) {
+         var _extent;
 
+         var _type;
 
-               function keyup() {
-                   switch (event.keyCode) {
-                       case 27:  // ⎋ Escape
-                           cancel();
-                           break;
+         var _actions = selectedIDs.map(chooseAction).filter(Boolean);
 
-                       case 13:  // ↩ Return
-                           accept();
-                           break;
-                   }
-               }
+         var _amount = _actions.length === 1 ? 'single' : 'multiple';
 
+         var _coords = utilGetAllNodes(selectedIDs, context.graph()).map(function (n) {
+           return n.loc;
+         });
 
-               // Called whenever the input value is changed (e.g. on typing)
-               function change() {
-                   fetchComboData(value(), function() {
-                       _selected = null;
-                       var val = input.property('value');
+         function chooseAction(entityID) {
+           var entity = context.entity(entityID);
+           var geometry = entity.geometry(context.graph());
 
-                       if (_suggestions.length) {
-                           if (input.property('selectionEnd') === val.length) {
-                               _selected = tryAutocomplete();
-                           }
+           if (!_extent) {
+             _extent = entity.extent(context.graph());
+           } else {
+             _extent = _extent.extend(entity.extent(context.graph()));
+           } // square a line/area
 
-                           if (!_selected) {
-                               _selected = val;
-                           }
-                       }
 
-                       if (val.length) {
-                           var combo = container.selectAll('.combobox');
-                           if (combo.empty()) {
-                               show();
-                           }
-                       } else {
-                           hide();
-                       }
+           if (entity.type === 'way' && new Set(entity.nodes).size > 2) {
+             if (_type && _type !== 'feature') return null;
+             _type = 'feature';
+             return actionOrthogonalize(entityID, context.projection); // square a single vertex
+           } else if (geometry === 'vertex') {
+             if (_type && _type !== 'corner') return null;
+             _type = 'corner';
+             var graph = context.graph();
+             var parents = graph.parentWays(entity);
 
-                       render();
-                   });
-               }
+             if (parents.length === 1) {
+               var way = parents[0];
 
+               if (way.nodes.indexOf(entityID) !== -1) {
+                 return actionOrthogonalize(way.id, context.projection, entityID);
+               }
+             }
+           }
 
-               // Called when the user presses up/down arrows to navigate the list
-               function nav(dir) {
-                   if (_suggestions.length) {
-                       // try to determine previously selected index..
-                       var index = -1;
-                       for (var i = 0; i < _suggestions.length; i++) {
-                           if (_selected && _suggestions[i].value === _selected) {
-                               index = i;
-                               break;
-                           }
-                       }
+           return null;
+         }
 
-                       // pick new _selected
-                       index = Math.max(Math.min(index + dir, _suggestions.length - 1), 0);
-                       _selected = _suggestions[index].value;
-                       input.property('value', _selected);
-                   }
+         var operation = function operation() {
+           if (!_actions.length) return;
 
-                   render();
-                   ensureVisible();
+           var combinedAction = function combinedAction(graph, t) {
+             _actions.forEach(function (action) {
+               if (!action.disabled(graph)) {
+                 graph = action(graph, t);
                }
+             });
 
+             return graph;
+           };
 
-               function ensureVisible() {
-                   var combo = container.selectAll('.combobox');
-                   if (combo.empty()) return;
+           combinedAction.transitionable = true;
+           context.perform(combinedAction, operation.annotation());
+           window.setTimeout(function () {
+             context.validator().validate();
+           }, 300); // after any transition
+         };
 
-                   var containerRect = container.node().getBoundingClientRect();
-                   var comboRect = combo.node().getBoundingClientRect();
+         operation.available = function () {
+           return _actions.length && selectedIDs.length === _actions.length;
+         }; // don't cache this because the visible extent could change
 
-                   if (comboRect.bottom > containerRect.bottom) {
-                       var node = attachTo ? attachTo.node() : input.node();
-                       node.scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'instant', block: 'center' });
-                       render();
-                   }
 
-                   // https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11039885/scrollintoview-causing-the-whole-page-to-move
-                   var selected = combo.selectAll('.combobox-option.selected').node();
-                   if (selected) {
-                       selected.scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth', block: 'nearest' });
-                   }
-               }
+         operation.disabled = function () {
+           if (!_actions.length) return '';
 
+           var actionDisableds = _actions.map(function (action) {
+             return action.disabled(context.graph());
+           }).filter(Boolean);
 
-               function value() {
-                   var value = input.property('value');
-                   var start = input.property('selectionStart');
-                   var end = input.property('selectionEnd');
+           if (actionDisableds.length === _actions.length) {
+             // none of the features can be squared
+             if (new Set(actionDisableds).size > 1) {
+               return 'multiple_blockers';
+             }
 
-                   if (start && end) {
-                       value = value.substring(0, start);
-                   }
+             return actionDisableds[0];
+           } else if (_extent && _extent.percentContainedIn(context.map().extent()) < 0.8) {
+             return 'too_large';
+           } else if (someMissing()) {
+             return 'not_downloaded';
+           } else if (selectedIDs.some(context.hasHiddenConnections)) {
+             return 'connected_to_hidden';
+           }
 
-                   return value;
+           return false;
+
+           function someMissing() {
+             if (context.inIntro()) return false;
+             var osm = context.connection();
+
+             if (osm) {
+               var missing = _coords.filter(function (loc) {
+                 return !osm.isDataLoaded(loc);
+               });
+
+               if (missing.length) {
+                 missing.forEach(function (loc) {
+                   context.loadTileAtLoc(loc);
+                 });
+                 return true;
                }
+             }
 
+             return false;
+           }
+         };
 
-               function fetchComboData(v, cb) {
-                   _cancelFetch = false;
+         operation.tooltip = function () {
+           var disable = operation.disabled();
+           return disable ? _t('operations.orthogonalize.' + disable + '.' + _amount) : _t('operations.orthogonalize.description.' + _type + '.' + _amount);
+         };
 
-                   _fetcher.call(input, v, function(results) {
-                       // already chose a value, don't overwrite or autocomplete it
-                       if (_cancelFetch) return;
+         operation.annotation = function () {
+           return _t('operations.orthogonalize.annotation.' + _type, {
+             n: _actions.length
+           });
+         };
 
-                       _suggestions = results;
-                       results.forEach(function(d) { _fetched[d.value] = d; });
+         operation.id = 'orthogonalize';
+         operation.keys = [_t('operations.orthogonalize.key')];
+         operation.title = _t('operations.orthogonalize.title');
+         operation.behavior = behaviorOperation(context).which(operation);
+         return operation;
+       }
 
-                       if (cb) {
-                           cb();
-                       }
-                   });
-               }
+       function operationReflectShort(context, selectedIDs) {
+         return operationReflect(context, selectedIDs, 'short');
+       }
+       function operationReflectLong(context, selectedIDs) {
+         return operationReflect(context, selectedIDs, 'long');
+       }
+       function operationReflect(context, selectedIDs, axis) {
+         axis = axis || 'long';
+         var multi = selectedIDs.length === 1 ? 'single' : 'multiple';
+         var nodes = utilGetAllNodes(selectedIDs, context.graph());
+         var coords = nodes.map(function (n) {
+           return n.loc;
+         });
+         var extent = utilTotalExtent(selectedIDs, context.graph());
 
+         var operation = function operation() {
+           var action = actionReflect(selectedIDs, context.projection).useLongAxis(Boolean(axis === 'long'));
+           context.perform(action, operation.annotation());
+           window.setTimeout(function () {
+             context.validator().validate();
+           }, 300); // after any transition
+         };
 
-               function tryAutocomplete() {
-                   if (!_canAutocomplete) return;
+         operation.available = function () {
+           return nodes.length >= 3;
+         }; // don't cache this because the visible extent could change
 
-                   var val = _caseSensitive ? value() : value().toLowerCase();
-                   if (!val) return;
 
-                   // Don't autocomplete if user is typing a number - #4935
-                   if (!isNaN(parseFloat(val)) && isFinite(val)) return;
+         operation.disabled = function () {
+           if (extent.percentContainedIn(context.map().extent()) < 0.8) {
+             return 'too_large';
+           } else if (someMissing()) {
+             return 'not_downloaded';
+           } else if (selectedIDs.some(context.hasHiddenConnections)) {
+             return 'connected_to_hidden';
+           } else if (selectedIDs.some(incompleteRelation)) {
+             return 'incomplete_relation';
+           }
 
-                   var bestIndex = -1;
-                   for (var i = 0; i < _suggestions.length; i++) {
-                       var suggestion = _suggestions[i].value;
-                       var compare = _caseSensitive ? suggestion : suggestion.toLowerCase();
+           return false;
 
-                       // if search string matches suggestion exactly, pick it..
-                       if (compare === val) {
-                           bestIndex = i;
-                           break;
+           function someMissing() {
+             if (context.inIntro()) return false;
+             var osm = context.connection();
 
-                       // otherwise lock in the first result that starts with the search string..
-                       } else if (bestIndex === -1 && compare.indexOf(val) === 0) {
-                           bestIndex = i;
-                       }
-                   }
+             if (osm) {
+               var missing = coords.filter(function (loc) {
+                 return !osm.isDataLoaded(loc);
+               });
 
-                   if (bestIndex !== -1) {
-                       var bestVal = _suggestions[bestIndex].value;
-                       input.property('value', bestVal);
-                       input.node().setSelectionRange(val.length, bestVal.length);
-                       return bestVal;
-                   }
+               if (missing.length) {
+                 missing.forEach(function (loc) {
+                   context.loadTileAtLoc(loc);
+                 });
+                 return true;
                }
+             }
 
+             return false;
+           }
 
-               function render() {
-                   if (_suggestions.length < _minItems || document.activeElement !== input.node()) {
-                       hide();
-                       return;
-                   }
-
-                   var shown = !container.selectAll('.combobox').empty();
-                   if (!shown) return;
-
-                   var combo = container.selectAll('.combobox');
-                   var options = combo.selectAll('.combobox-option')
-                       .data(_suggestions, function(d) { return d.value; });
-
-                   options.exit()
-                       .remove();
-
-                   // enter/update
-                   options.enter()
-                       .append('a')
-                       .attr('class', 'combobox-option')
-                       .attr('title', function(d) { return d.title; })
-                       .text(function(d) { return d.display || d.value; })
-                       .on('mouseenter', _mouseEnterHandler)
-                       .on('mouseleave', _mouseLeaveHandler)
-                       .merge(options)
-                       .classed('selected', function(d) { return d.value === _selected; })
-                       .on('click.combo-option', accept)
-                       .order();
-
-                   var node = attachTo ? attachTo.node() : input.node();
-                   var containerRect = container.node().getBoundingClientRect();
-                   var rect = node.getBoundingClientRect();
-
-                   combo
-                       .style('left', (rect.left + 5 - containerRect.left) + 'px')
-                       .style('width', (rect.width - 10) + 'px')
-                       .style('top', (rect.height + rect.top - containerRect.top) + 'px');
-               }
-
-
-               // Dispatches an 'accept' event
-               // Then hides the combobox.
-               function accept(d) {
-                   _cancelFetch = true;
-                   var thiz = input.node();
-
-                   if (d) {   // user clicked on a suggestion
-                       utilGetSetValue(input, d.value);    // replace field contents
-                       utilTriggerEvent(input, 'change');
-                   }
+           function incompleteRelation(id) {
+             var entity = context.entity(id);
+             return entity.type === 'relation' && !entity.isComplete(context.graph());
+           }
+         };
 
-                   // clear (and keep) selection
-                   var val = utilGetSetValue(input);
-                   thiz.setSelectionRange(val.length, val.length);
+         operation.tooltip = function () {
+           var disable = operation.disabled();
+           return disable ? _t('operations.reflect.' + disable + '.' + multi) : _t('operations.reflect.description.' + axis + '.' + multi);
+         };
 
-                   d = _fetched[val];
-                   dispatch$1.call('accept', thiz, d, val);
-                   hide();
-               }
+         operation.annotation = function () {
+           return _t('operations.reflect.annotation.' + axis + '.feature', {
+             n: selectedIDs.length
+           });
+         };
 
+         operation.id = 'reflect-' + axis;
+         operation.keys = [_t('operations.reflect.key.' + axis)];
+         operation.title = _t('operations.reflect.title.' + axis);
+         operation.behavior = behaviorOperation(context).which(operation);
+         return operation;
+       }
 
-               // Dispatches an 'cancel' event
-               // Then hides the combobox.
-               function cancel() {
-                   _cancelFetch = true;
-                   var thiz = input.node();
+       function operationMove(context, selectedIDs) {
+         var multi = selectedIDs.length === 1 ? 'single' : 'multiple';
+         var nodes = utilGetAllNodes(selectedIDs, context.graph());
+         var coords = nodes.map(function (n) {
+           return n.loc;
+         });
+         var extent = utilTotalExtent(selectedIDs, context.graph());
 
-                   // clear (and remove) selection, and replace field contents
-                   var val = utilGetSetValue(input);
-                   var start = input.property('selectionStart');
-                   var end = input.property('selectionEnd');
-                   val = val.slice(0, start) + val.slice(end);
-                   utilGetSetValue(input, val);
-                   thiz.setSelectionRange(val.length, val.length);
+         var operation = function operation() {
+           context.enter(modeMove(context, selectedIDs));
+         };
 
-                   dispatch$1.call('cancel', thiz);
-                   hide();
-               }
+         operation.available = function () {
+           return selectedIDs.length > 0;
+         };
 
-           };
+         operation.disabled = function () {
+           if (extent.percentContainedIn(context.map().extent()) < 0.8) {
+             return 'too_large';
+           } else if (someMissing()) {
+             return 'not_downloaded';
+           } else if (selectedIDs.some(context.hasHiddenConnections)) {
+             return 'connected_to_hidden';
+           } else if (selectedIDs.some(incompleteRelation)) {
+             return 'incomplete_relation';
+           }
 
+           return false;
 
-           combobox.canAutocomplete = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _canAutocomplete;
-               _canAutocomplete = val;
-               return combobox;
-           };
+           function someMissing() {
+             if (context.inIntro()) return false;
+             var osm = context.connection();
 
-           combobox.caseSensitive = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _caseSensitive;
-               _caseSensitive = val;
-               return combobox;
-           };
+             if (osm) {
+               var missing = coords.filter(function (loc) {
+                 return !osm.isDataLoaded(loc);
+               });
 
-           combobox.data = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _data;
-               _data = val;
-               return combobox;
-           };
+               if (missing.length) {
+                 missing.forEach(function (loc) {
+                   context.loadTileAtLoc(loc);
+                 });
+                 return true;
+               }
+             }
 
-           combobox.fetcher = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _fetcher;
-               _fetcher = val;
-               return combobox;
-           };
+             return false;
+           }
 
-           combobox.minItems = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _minItems;
-               _minItems = val;
-               return combobox;
-           };
+           function incompleteRelation(id) {
+             var entity = context.entity(id);
+             return entity.type === 'relation' && !entity.isComplete(context.graph());
+           }
+         };
 
-           combobox.itemsMouseEnter = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _mouseEnterHandler;
-               _mouseEnterHandler = val;
-               return combobox;
-           };
+         operation.tooltip = function () {
+           var disable = operation.disabled();
+           return disable ? _t('operations.move.' + disable + '.' + multi) : _t('operations.move.description.' + multi);
+         };
 
-           combobox.itemsMouseLeave = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _mouseLeaveHandler;
-               _mouseLeaveHandler = val;
-               return combobox;
-           };
+         operation.annotation = function () {
+           return selectedIDs.length === 1 ? _t('operations.move.annotation.' + context.graph().geometry(selectedIDs[0])) : _t('operations.move.annotation.feature', {
+             n: selectedIDs.length
+           });
+         };
 
-           return utilRebind(combobox, dispatch$1, 'on');
+         operation.id = 'move';
+         operation.keys = [_t('operations.move.key')];
+         operation.title = _t('operations.move.title');
+         operation.behavior = behaviorOperation(context).which(operation);
+         operation.mouseOnly = true;
+         return operation;
        }
 
+       function modeRotate(context, entityIDs) {
+         var _tolerancePx = 4; // see also behaviorDrag, behaviorSelect, modeMove
 
-       uiCombobox.off = function(input, context) {
-           input
-               .on('focus.combo-input', null)
-               .on('blur.combo-input', null)
-               .on('keydown.combo-input', null)
-               .on('keyup.combo-input', null)
-               .on('input.combo-input', null)
-               .on('mousedown.combo-input', null)
-               .on('mouseup.combo-input', null);
+         var mode = {
+           id: 'rotate',
+           button: 'browse'
+         };
+         var keybinding = utilKeybinding('rotate');
+         var behaviors = [behaviorEdit(context), operationCircularize(context, entityIDs).behavior, operationDelete(context, entityIDs).behavior, operationMove(context, entityIDs).behavior, operationOrthogonalize(context, entityIDs).behavior, operationReflectLong(context, entityIDs).behavior, operationReflectShort(context, entityIDs).behavior];
+         var annotation = entityIDs.length === 1 ? _t('operations.rotate.annotation.' + context.graph().geometry(entityIDs[0])) : _t('operations.rotate.annotation.feature', {
+           n: entityIDs.length
+         });
 
+         var _prevGraph;
 
-           context.container()
-               .on('scroll.combo-scroll', null);
-       };
+         var _prevAngle;
 
-       // toggles the visibility of ui elements, using a combination of the
-       // hide class, which sets display=none, and a d3 transition for opacity.
-       // this will cause blinking when called repeatedly, so check that the
-       // value actually changes between calls.
-       function uiToggle(show, callback) {
-           return function(selection) {
-               selection
-                   .style('opacity', show ? 0 : 1)
-                   .classed('hide', false)
-                   .transition()
-                   .style('opacity', show ? 1 : 0)
-                   .on('end', function() {
-                       select(this)
-                           .classed('hide', !show)
-                           .style('opacity', null);
-                       if (callback) callback.apply(this);
-                   });
-           };
-       }
+         var _prevTransform;
 
-       function uiDisclosure(context, key, expandedDefault) {
-           var dispatch$1 = dispatch('toggled');
-           var _expanded;
-           var _title = utilFunctor('');
-           var _updatePreference = true;
-           var _content = function () {};
+         var _pivot; // use pointer events on supported platforms; fallback to mouse events
 
 
-           var disclosure = function(selection) {
+         var _pointerPrefix = 'PointerEvent' in window ? 'pointer' : 'mouse';
 
-               if (_expanded === undefined || _expanded === null) {
-                   // loading _expanded here allows it to be reset by calling `disclosure.expanded(null)`
+         function doRotate(d3_event) {
+           var fn;
 
-                   var preference = corePreferences('disclosure.' + key + '.expanded');
-                   _expanded = preference === null ? !!expandedDefault : (preference === 'true');
-               }
+           if (context.graph() !== _prevGraph) {
+             fn = context.perform;
+           } else {
+             fn = context.replace;
+           } // projection changed, recalculate _pivot
 
-               var hideToggle = selection.selectAll('.hide-toggle-' + key)
-                   .data([0]);
 
-               // enter
-               var hideToggleEnter = hideToggle.enter()
-                   .append('a')
-                   .attr('href', '#')
-                   .attr('class', 'hide-toggle hide-toggle-' + key)
-                   .call(svgIcon('', 'pre-text', 'hide-toggle-icon'));
+           var projection = context.projection;
+           var currTransform = projection.transform();
 
-               hideToggleEnter
-                   .append('span')
-                   .attr('class', 'hide-toggle-text');
+           if (!_prevTransform || currTransform.k !== _prevTransform.k || currTransform.x !== _prevTransform.x || currTransform.y !== _prevTransform.y) {
+             var nodes = utilGetAllNodes(entityIDs, context.graph());
+             var points = nodes.map(function (n) {
+               return projection(n.loc);
+             });
+             _pivot = getPivot(points);
+             _prevAngle = undefined;
+           }
 
-               // update
-               hideToggle = hideToggleEnter
-                   .merge(hideToggle);
+           var currMouse = context.map().mouse(d3_event);
+           var currAngle = Math.atan2(currMouse[1] - _pivot[1], currMouse[0] - _pivot[0]);
+           if (typeof _prevAngle === 'undefined') _prevAngle = currAngle;
+           var delta = currAngle - _prevAngle;
+           fn(actionRotate(entityIDs, _pivot, delta, projection));
+           _prevTransform = currTransform;
+           _prevAngle = currAngle;
+           _prevGraph = context.graph();
+         }
 
-               hideToggle
-                   .on('click', toggle)
-                   .classed('expanded', _expanded);
+         function getPivot(points) {
+           var _pivot;
 
-               hideToggle.selectAll('.hide-toggle-text')
-                   .text(_title());
+           if (points.length === 1) {
+             _pivot = points[0];
+           } else if (points.length === 2) {
+             _pivot = geoVecInterp(points[0], points[1], 0.5);
+           } else {
+             var polygonHull = d3_polygonHull(points);
 
-               hideToggle.selectAll('.hide-toggle-icon')
-                   .attr('xlink:href', _expanded ? '#iD-icon-down'
-                       : (_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl') ? '#iD-icon-backward' : '#iD-icon-forward'
-                   );
+             if (polygonHull.length === 2) {
+               _pivot = geoVecInterp(points[0], points[1], 0.5);
+             } else {
+               _pivot = d3_polygonCentroid(d3_polygonHull(points));
+             }
+           }
 
+           return _pivot;
+         }
 
-               var wrap = selection.selectAll('.disclosure-wrap')
-                   .data([0]);
+         function finish(d3_event) {
+           d3_event.stopPropagation();
+           context.replace(actionNoop(), annotation);
+           context.enter(modeSelect(context, entityIDs));
+         }
 
-               // enter/update
-               wrap = wrap.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'disclosure-wrap disclosure-wrap-' + key)
-                   .merge(wrap)
-                   .classed('hide', !_expanded);
+         function cancel() {
+           if (_prevGraph) context.pop(); // remove the rotate
 
-               if (_expanded) {
-                   wrap
-                       .call(_content);
-               }
+           context.enter(modeSelect(context, entityIDs));
+         }
 
+         function undone() {
+           context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+         }
 
-               function toggle() {
-                   event.preventDefault();
+         mode.enter = function () {
+           _prevGraph = null;
+           context.features().forceVisible(entityIDs);
+           behaviors.forEach(context.install);
+           var downEvent;
+           context.surface().on(_pointerPrefix + 'down.modeRotate', function (d3_event) {
+             downEvent = d3_event;
+           });
+           select(window).on(_pointerPrefix + 'move.modeRotate', doRotate, true).on(_pointerPrefix + 'up.modeRotate', function (d3_event) {
+             if (!downEvent) return;
+             var mapNode = context.container().select('.main-map').node();
+             var pointGetter = utilFastMouse(mapNode);
+             var p1 = pointGetter(downEvent);
+             var p2 = pointGetter(d3_event);
+             var dist = geoVecLength(p1, p2);
+             if (dist <= _tolerancePx) finish(d3_event);
+             downEvent = null;
+           }, true);
+           context.history().on('undone.modeRotate', undone);
+           keybinding.on('⎋', cancel).on('↩', finish);
+           select(document).call(keybinding);
+         };
 
-                   _expanded = !_expanded;
+         mode.exit = function () {
+           behaviors.forEach(context.uninstall);
+           context.surface().on(_pointerPrefix + 'down.modeRotate', null);
+           select(window).on(_pointerPrefix + 'move.modeRotate', null, true).on(_pointerPrefix + 'up.modeRotate', null, true);
+           context.history().on('undone.modeRotate', null);
+           select(document).call(keybinding.unbind);
+           context.features().forceVisible([]);
+         };
 
-                   if (_updatePreference) {
-                       corePreferences('disclosure.' + key + '.expanded', _expanded);
-                   }
+         mode.selectedIDs = function () {
+           if (!arguments.length) return entityIDs; // no assign
 
-                   hideToggle
-                       .classed('expanded', _expanded);
+           return mode;
+         };
 
-                   hideToggle.selectAll('.hide-toggle-icon')
-                       .attr('xlink:href', _expanded ? '#iD-icon-down'
-                           : (_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl') ? '#iD-icon-backward' : '#iD-icon-forward'
-                       );
+         return mode;
+       }
 
-                   wrap
-                       .call(uiToggle(_expanded));
+       function operationRotate(context, selectedIDs) {
+         var multi = selectedIDs.length === 1 ? 'single' : 'multiple';
+         var nodes = utilGetAllNodes(selectedIDs, context.graph());
+         var coords = nodes.map(function (n) {
+           return n.loc;
+         });
+         var extent = utilTotalExtent(selectedIDs, context.graph());
 
-                   if (_expanded) {
-                       wrap
-                           .call(_content);
-                   }
+         var operation = function operation() {
+           context.enter(modeRotate(context, selectedIDs));
+         };
 
-                   dispatch$1.call('toggled', this, _expanded);
-               }
-           };
+         operation.available = function () {
+           return nodes.length >= 2;
+         };
 
+         operation.disabled = function () {
+           if (extent.percentContainedIn(context.map().extent()) < 0.8) {
+             return 'too_large';
+           } else if (someMissing()) {
+             return 'not_downloaded';
+           } else if (selectedIDs.some(context.hasHiddenConnections)) {
+             return 'connected_to_hidden';
+           } else if (selectedIDs.some(incompleteRelation)) {
+             return 'incomplete_relation';
+           }
 
-           disclosure.title = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _title;
-               _title = utilFunctor(val);
-               return disclosure;
-           };
+           return false;
 
+           function someMissing() {
+             if (context.inIntro()) return false;
+             var osm = context.connection();
 
-           disclosure.expanded = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _expanded;
-               _expanded = val;
-               return disclosure;
-           };
+             if (osm) {
+               var missing = coords.filter(function (loc) {
+                 return !osm.isDataLoaded(loc);
+               });
 
+               if (missing.length) {
+                 missing.forEach(function (loc) {
+                   context.loadTileAtLoc(loc);
+                 });
+                 return true;
+               }
+             }
 
-           disclosure.updatePreference = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _updatePreference;
-               _updatePreference = val;
-               return disclosure;
-           };
+             return false;
+           }
 
+           function incompleteRelation(id) {
+             var entity = context.entity(id);
+             return entity.type === 'relation' && !entity.isComplete(context.graph());
+           }
+         };
 
-           disclosure.content = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _content;
-               _content = val;
-               return disclosure;
-           };
+         operation.tooltip = function () {
+           var disable = operation.disabled();
+           return disable ? _t('operations.rotate.' + disable + '.' + multi) : _t('operations.rotate.description.' + multi);
+         };
 
+         operation.annotation = function () {
+           return selectedIDs.length === 1 ? _t('operations.rotate.annotation.' + context.graph().geometry(selectedIDs[0])) : _t('operations.rotate.annotation.feature', {
+             n: selectedIDs.length
+           });
+         };
 
-           return utilRebind(disclosure, dispatch$1, 'on');
+         operation.id = 'rotate';
+         operation.keys = [_t('operations.rotate.key')];
+         operation.title = _t('operations.rotate.title');
+         operation.behavior = behaviorOperation(context).which(operation);
+         operation.mouseOnly = true;
+         return operation;
        }
 
-       // A unit of controls or info to be used in a layout, such as within a pane.
-       // Can be labeled and collapsible.
-       function uiSection(id, context) {
+       function modeMove(context, entityIDs, baseGraph) {
+         var _tolerancePx = 4; // see also behaviorDrag, behaviorSelect, modeRotate
 
-           var _classes = utilFunctor('');
-           var _shouldDisplay;
-           var _content;
+         var mode = {
+           id: 'move',
+           button: 'browse'
+         };
+         var keybinding = utilKeybinding('move');
+         var behaviors = [behaviorEdit(context), operationCircularize(context, entityIDs).behavior, operationDelete(context, entityIDs).behavior, operationOrthogonalize(context, entityIDs).behavior, operationReflectLong(context, entityIDs).behavior, operationReflectShort(context, entityIDs).behavior, operationRotate(context, entityIDs).behavior];
+         var annotation = entityIDs.length === 1 ? _t('operations.move.annotation.' + context.graph().geometry(entityIDs[0])) : _t('operations.move.annotation.feature', {
+           n: entityIDs.length
+         });
 
-           var _disclosure;
-           var _title;
-           var _expandedByDefault = utilFunctor(true);
-           var _disclosureContent;
-           var _disclosureExpanded;
+         var _prevGraph;
 
-           var _containerSelection = select(null);
+         var _cache;
 
-           var section = {
-               id: id
-           };
+         var _origin;
 
-           section.classes = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _classes;
-               _classes = utilFunctor(val);
-               return section;
-           };
+         var _nudgeInterval; // use pointer events on supported platforms; fallback to mouse events
 
-           section.title = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _title;
-               _title = utilFunctor(val);
-               return section;
-           };
 
-           section.expandedByDefault = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _expandedByDefault;
-               _expandedByDefault = utilFunctor(val);
-               return section;
-           };
+         var _pointerPrefix = 'PointerEvent' in window ? 'pointer' : 'mouse';
 
-           section.shouldDisplay = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _shouldDisplay;
-               _shouldDisplay = utilFunctor(val);
-               return section;
-           };
+         function doMove(nudge) {
+           nudge = nudge || [0, 0];
+           var fn;
 
-           section.content = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _content;
-               _content = val;
-               return section;
-           };
+           if (_prevGraph !== context.graph()) {
+             _cache = {};
+             _origin = context.map().mouseCoordinates();
+             fn = context.perform;
+           } else {
+             fn = context.overwrite;
+           }
 
-           section.disclosureContent = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _disclosureContent;
-               _disclosureContent = val;
-               return section;
-           };
+           var currMouse = context.map().mouse();
+           var origMouse = context.projection(_origin);
+           var delta = geoVecSubtract(geoVecSubtract(currMouse, origMouse), nudge);
+           fn(actionMove(entityIDs, delta, context.projection, _cache));
+           _prevGraph = context.graph();
+         }
 
-           section.disclosureExpanded = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _disclosureExpanded;
-               _disclosureExpanded = val;
-               return section;
-           };
+         function startNudge(nudge) {
+           if (_nudgeInterval) window.clearInterval(_nudgeInterval);
+           _nudgeInterval = window.setInterval(function () {
+             context.map().pan(nudge);
+             doMove(nudge);
+           }, 50);
+         }
 
-           // may be called multiple times
-           section.render = function(selection) {
+         function stopNudge() {
+           if (_nudgeInterval) {
+             window.clearInterval(_nudgeInterval);
+             _nudgeInterval = null;
+           }
+         }
 
-               _containerSelection = selection
-                   .selectAll('.section-' + id)
-                   .data([0]);
+         function move() {
+           doMove();
+           var nudge = geoViewportEdge(context.map().mouse(), context.map().dimensions());
 
-               var sectionEnter = _containerSelection
-                   .enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'section section-' + id + ' ' + (_classes && _classes() || ''));
+           if (nudge) {
+             startNudge(nudge);
+           } else {
+             stopNudge();
+           }
+         }
 
-               _containerSelection = sectionEnter
-                   .merge(_containerSelection);
+         function finish(d3_event) {
+           d3_event.stopPropagation();
+           context.replace(actionNoop(), annotation);
+           context.enter(modeSelect(context, entityIDs));
+           stopNudge();
+         }
 
-               _containerSelection
-                   .call(renderContent);
-           };
+         function cancel() {
+           if (baseGraph) {
+             while (context.graph() !== baseGraph) {
+               context.pop();
+             } // reset to baseGraph
 
-           section.reRender = function() {
-               _containerSelection
-                   .call(renderContent);
-           };
 
-           section.selection = function() {
-               return _containerSelection;
-           };
+             context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+           } else {
+             if (_prevGraph) context.pop(); // remove the move
 
-           section.disclosure = function() {
-               return _disclosure;
-           };
+             context.enter(modeSelect(context, entityIDs));
+           }
 
-           // may be called multiple times
-           function renderContent(selection) {
-               if (_shouldDisplay) {
-                   var shouldDisplay = _shouldDisplay();
-                   selection.classed('hide', !shouldDisplay);
-                   if (!shouldDisplay) {
-                       selection.html('');
-                       return;
-                   }
-               }
+           stopNudge();
+         }
 
-               if (_disclosureContent) {
-                   if (!_disclosure) {
-                       _disclosure = uiDisclosure(context, id.replace(/-/g, '_'), _expandedByDefault())
-                           .title(_title || '')
-                           /*.on('toggled', function(expanded) {
-                               if (expanded) { selection.node().parentNode.scrollTop += 200; }
-                           })*/
-                           .content(_disclosureContent);
-                   }
-                   if (_disclosureExpanded !== undefined) {
-                       _disclosure.expanded(_disclosureExpanded);
-                       _disclosureExpanded = undefined;
-                   }
-                   selection
-                       .call(_disclosure);
+         function undone() {
+           context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+         }
 
-                   return;
-               }
+         mode.enter = function () {
+           _origin = context.map().mouseCoordinates();
+           _prevGraph = null;
+           _cache = {};
+           context.features().forceVisible(entityIDs);
+           behaviors.forEach(context.install);
+           var downEvent;
+           context.surface().on(_pointerPrefix + 'down.modeMove', function (d3_event) {
+             downEvent = d3_event;
+           });
+           select(window).on(_pointerPrefix + 'move.modeMove', move, true).on(_pointerPrefix + 'up.modeMove', function (d3_event) {
+             if (!downEvent) return;
+             var mapNode = context.container().select('.main-map').node();
+             var pointGetter = utilFastMouse(mapNode);
+             var p1 = pointGetter(downEvent);
+             var p2 = pointGetter(d3_event);
+             var dist = geoVecLength(p1, p2);
+             if (dist <= _tolerancePx) finish(d3_event);
+             downEvent = null;
+           }, true);
+           context.history().on('undone.modeMove', undone);
+           keybinding.on('⎋', cancel).on('↩', finish);
+           select(document).call(keybinding);
+         };
 
-               if (_content) {
-                   selection
-                       .call(_content);
-               }
-           }
+         mode.exit = function () {
+           stopNudge();
+           behaviors.forEach(function (behavior) {
+             context.uninstall(behavior);
+           });
+           context.surface().on(_pointerPrefix + 'down.modeMove', null);
+           select(window).on(_pointerPrefix + 'move.modeMove', null, true).on(_pointerPrefix + 'up.modeMove', null, true);
+           context.history().on('undone.modeMove', null);
+           select(document).call(keybinding.unbind);
+           context.features().forceVisible([]);
+         };
 
-           return section;
+         mode.selectedIDs = function () {
+           if (!arguments.length) return entityIDs; // no assign
+
+           return mode;
+         };
+
+         return mode;
        }
 
-       // Pass `which` object of the form:
-       // {
-       //   key: 'string',     // required
-       //   value: 'string'    // optional
-       // }
-       //   -or-
-       // {
-       //   rtype: 'string'    // relation type  (e.g. 'multipolygon')
-       // }
-       //   -or-
-       // {
-       //   qid: 'string'      // brand wikidata  (e.g. 'Q37158')
-       // }
-       //
-       function uiTagReference(what) {
-           var wikibase = what.qid ? services.wikidata : services.osmWikibase;
-           var tagReference = {};
+       function behaviorPaste(context) {
+         function doPaste(d3_event) {
+           // prevent paste during low zoom selection
+           if (!context.map().withinEditableZoom()) return;
+           d3_event.preventDefault();
+           var baseGraph = context.graph();
+           var mouse = context.map().mouse();
+           var projection = context.projection;
+           var viewport = geoExtent(projection.clipExtent()).polygon();
+           if (!geoPointInPolygon(mouse, viewport)) return;
+           var oldIDs = context.copyIDs();
+           if (!oldIDs.length) return;
+           var extent = geoExtent();
+           var oldGraph = context.copyGraph();
+           var newIDs = [];
+           var action = actionCopyEntities(oldIDs, oldGraph);
+           context.perform(action);
+           var copies = action.copies();
+           var originals = new Set();
+           Object.values(copies).forEach(function (entity) {
+             originals.add(entity.id);
+           });
 
-           var _button = select(null);
-           var _body = select(null);
-           var _loaded;
-           var _showing;
+           for (var id in copies) {
+             var oldEntity = oldGraph.entity(id);
+             var newEntity = copies[id];
 
+             extent._extend(oldEntity.extent(oldGraph)); // Exclude child nodes from newIDs if their parent way was also copied.
 
-           function load() {
-               if (!wikibase) return;
 
-               _button
-                   .classed('tag-reference-loading', true);
+             var parents = context.graph().parentWays(newEntity);
+             var parentCopied = parents.some(function (parent) {
+               return originals.has(parent.id);
+             });
 
-               wikibase.getDocs(what, gotDocs);
-           }
+             if (!parentCopied) {
+               newIDs.push(newEntity.id);
+             }
+           } // Put pasted objects where mouse pointer is..
 
 
-           function gotDocs(err, docs) {
-               _body.html('');
+           var copyPoint = context.copyLonLat() && projection(context.copyLonLat()) || projection(extent.center());
+           var delta = geoVecSubtract(mouse, copyPoint);
+           context.perform(actionMove(newIDs, delta, projection));
+           context.enter(modeMove(context, newIDs, baseGraph));
+         }
 
-               if (!docs || !docs.title) {
-                   _body
-                       .append('p')
-                       .attr('class', 'tag-reference-description')
-                       .text(_t('inspector.no_documentation_key'));
-                   done();
-                   return;
-               }
+         function behavior() {
+           context.keybinding().on(uiCmd('⌘V'), doPaste);
+           return behavior;
+         }
 
-               if (docs.imageURL) {
-                   _body
-                       .append('img')
-                       .attr('class', 'tag-reference-wiki-image')
-                       .attr('src', docs.imageURL)
-                       .on('load', function() { done(); })
-                       .on('error', function() { select(this).remove(); done(); });
-               } else {
-                   done();
-               }
-
-               _body
-                   .append('p')
-                   .attr('class', 'tag-reference-description')
-                   .text(docs.description || _t('inspector.no_documentation_key'))
-                   .append('a')
-                   .attr('class', 'tag-reference-edit')
-                   .attr('target', '_blank')
-                   .attr('tabindex', -1)
-                   .attr('title', _t('inspector.edit_reference'))
-                   .attr('href', docs.editURL)
-                   .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-edit', 'inline'));
-
-               if (docs.wiki) {
-                   _body
-                     .append('a')
-                     .attr('class', 'tag-reference-link')
-                     .attr('target', '_blank')
-                     .attr('tabindex', -1)
-                     .attr('href', docs.wiki.url)
-                     .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-out-link', 'inline'))
-                     .append('span')
-                     .text(_t(docs.wiki.text));
-               }
-
-               // Add link to info about "good changeset comments" - #2923
-               if (what.key === 'comment') {
-                   _body
-                       .append('a')
-                       .attr('class', 'tag-reference-comment-link')
-                       .attr('target', '_blank')
-                       .attr('tabindex', -1)
-                       .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-out-link', 'inline'))
-                       .attr('href', _t('commit.about_changeset_comments_link'))
-                       .append('span')
-                       .text(_t('commit.about_changeset_comments'));
-               }
-           }
+         behavior.off = function () {
+           context.keybinding().off(uiCmd('⌘V'));
+         };
 
+         return behavior;
+       }
 
-           function done() {
-               _loaded = true;
+       // `String.prototype.repeat` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-string.prototype.repeat
+       _export({ target: 'String', proto: true }, {
+         repeat: stringRepeat
+       });
+
+       /*
+           `behaviorDrag` is like `d3_behavior.drag`, with the following differences:
 
-               _button
-                   .classed('tag-reference-loading', false);
+           * The `origin` function is expected to return an [x, y] tuple rather than an
+             {x, y} object.
+           * The events are `start`, `move`, and `end`.
+             (https://github.com/mbostock/d3/issues/563)
+           * The `start` event is not dispatched until the first cursor movement occurs.
+             (https://github.com/mbostock/d3/pull/368)
+           * The `move` event has a `point` and `delta` [x, y] tuple properties rather
+             than `x`, `y`, `dx`, and `dy` properties.
+           * The `end` event is not dispatched if no movement occurs.
+           * An `off` function is available that unbinds the drag's internal event handlers.
+        */
 
-               _body
-                   .classed('expanded', true)
-                   .transition()
-                   .duration(200)
-                   .style('max-height', '200px')
-                   .style('opacity', '1');
+       function behaviorDrag() {
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('start', 'move', 'end'); // see also behaviorSelect
 
-               _showing = true;
+         var _tolerancePx = 1; // keep this low to facilitate pixel-perfect micromapping
 
-               _button.selectAll('svg.icon use').each(function() {
-                   var iconUse = select(this);
-                   if (iconUse.attr('href') === '#iD-icon-info') {
-                       iconUse.attr('href', '#iD-icon-info-filled');
-                   }
-               });
-           }
+         var _penTolerancePx = 4; // styluses can be touchy so require greater movement - #1981
 
+         var _origin = null;
+         var _selector = '';
 
-           function hide() {
-               _body
-                   .transition()
-                   .duration(200)
-                   .style('max-height', '0px')
-                   .style('opacity', '0')
-                   .on('end', function () {
-                       _body.classed('expanded', false);
-                   });
+         var _targetNode;
 
-               _showing = false;
+         var _targetEntity;
 
-               _button.selectAll('svg.icon use').each(function() {
-                   var iconUse = select(this);
-                   if (iconUse.attr('href') === '#iD-icon-info-filled') {
-                       iconUse.attr('href', '#iD-icon-info');
-                   }
-               });
+         var _surface;
 
-           }
+         var _pointerId; // use pointer events on supported platforms; fallback to mouse events
 
 
-           tagReference.button = function(selection, klass, iconName) {
-               _button = selection.selectAll('.tag-reference-button')
-                   .data([0]);
+         var _pointerPrefix = 'PointerEvent' in window ? 'pointer' : 'mouse';
 
-               _button = _button.enter()
-                   .append('button')
-                   .attr('class', 'tag-reference-button ' + klass)
-                   .attr('title', _t('icons.information'))
-                   .attr('tabindex', -1)
-                   .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-' + (iconName || 'inspect')))
-                   .merge(_button);
+         var d3_event_userSelectProperty = utilPrefixCSSProperty('UserSelect');
 
-               _button
-                   .on('click', function () {
-                       event.stopPropagation();
-                       event.preventDefault();
-                       this.blur();    // avoid keeping focus on the button - #4641
-                       if (_showing) {
-                           hide();
-                       } else if (_loaded) {
-                           done();
-                       } else {
-                           load();
-                       }
-                   });
+         var d3_event_userSelectSuppress = function d3_event_userSelectSuppress() {
+           var selection$1 = selection();
+           var select = selection$1.style(d3_event_userSelectProperty);
+           selection$1.style(d3_event_userSelectProperty, 'none');
+           return function () {
+             selection$1.style(d3_event_userSelectProperty, select);
            };
+         };
 
+         function pointerdown(d3_event) {
+           if (_pointerId) return;
+           _pointerId = d3_event.pointerId || 'mouse';
+           _targetNode = this; // only force reflow once per drag
 
-           tagReference.body = function(selection) {
-               var itemID = what.qid || what.rtype || (what.key + '-' + what.value);
-               _body = selection.selectAll('.tag-reference-body')
-                   .data([itemID], function(d) { return d; });
+           var pointerLocGetter = utilFastMouse(_surface || _targetNode.parentNode);
+           var offset;
+           var startOrigin = pointerLocGetter(d3_event);
+           var started = false;
+           var selectEnable = d3_event_userSelectSuppress();
+           select(window).on(_pointerPrefix + 'move.drag', pointermove).on(_pointerPrefix + 'up.drag pointercancel.drag', pointerup, true);
 
-               _body.exit()
-                   .remove();
+           if (_origin) {
+             offset = _origin.call(_targetNode, _targetEntity);
+             offset = [offset[0] - startOrigin[0], offset[1] - startOrigin[1]];
+           } else {
+             offset = [0, 0];
+           }
 
-               _body = _body.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'tag-reference-body')
-                   .style('max-height', '0')
-                   .style('opacity', '0')
-                   .merge(_body);
+           d3_event.stopPropagation();
 
-               if (_showing === false) {
-                   hide();
-               }
-           };
+           function pointermove(d3_event) {
+             if (_pointerId !== (d3_event.pointerId || 'mouse')) return;
+             var p = pointerLocGetter(d3_event);
 
+             if (!started) {
+               var dist = geoVecLength(startOrigin, p);
+               var tolerance = d3_event.pointerType === 'pen' ? _penTolerancePx : _tolerancePx; // don't start until the drag has actually moved somewhat
 
-           tagReference.showing = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _showing;
-               _showing = val;
-               return tagReference;
-           };
+               if (dist < tolerance) return;
+               started = true;
+               dispatch.call('start', this, d3_event, _targetEntity); // Don't send a `move` event in the same cycle as `start` since dragging
+               // a midpoint will convert the target to a node.
+             } else {
+               startOrigin = p;
+               d3_event.stopPropagation();
+               d3_event.preventDefault();
+               var dx = p[0] - startOrigin[0];
+               var dy = p[1] - startOrigin[1];
+               dispatch.call('move', this, d3_event, _targetEntity, [p[0] + offset[0], p[1] + offset[1]], [dx, dy]);
+             }
+           }
 
+           function pointerup(d3_event) {
+             if (_pointerId !== (d3_event.pointerId || 'mouse')) return;
+             _pointerId = null;
 
-           return tagReference;
-       }
+             if (started) {
+               dispatch.call('end', this, d3_event, _targetEntity);
+               d3_event.preventDefault();
+             }
 
-       function uiSectionRawTagEditor(id, context) {
+             select(window).on(_pointerPrefix + 'move.drag', null).on(_pointerPrefix + 'up.drag pointercancel.drag', null);
+             selectEnable();
+           }
+         }
 
-           var section = uiSection(id, context)
-               .classes('raw-tag-editor')
-               .title(function() {
-                   var count = Object.keys(_tags).filter(function(d) { return d; }).length;
-                   return _t('inspector.title_count', { title: _t('inspector.tags'), count: count });
-               })
-               .expandedByDefault(false)
-               .disclosureContent(renderDisclosureContent);
-
-           var taginfo = services.taginfo;
-           var dispatch$1 = dispatch('change');
-           var availableViews = [
-               { id: 'text', icon: '#fas-i-cursor' },
-               { id: 'list', icon: '#fas-th-list' }
-           ];
-
-           var _tagView = (corePreferences('raw-tag-editor-view') || 'list');   // 'list, 'text'
-           var _readOnlyTags = [];
-           // the keys in the order we want them to display
-           var _orderedKeys = [];
-           var _showBlank = false;
-           var _pendingChange = null;
-           var _state;
-           var _presets;
-           var _tags;
-           var _entityIDs;
-
-           function renderDisclosureContent(wrap) {
-
-               // remove deleted keys
-               _orderedKeys = _orderedKeys.filter(function(key) {
-                   return _tags[key] !== undefined;
-               });
+         function behavior(selection) {
+           var matchesSelector = utilPrefixDOMProperty('matchesSelector');
+           var delegate = pointerdown;
 
-               // When switching to a different entity or changing the state (hover/select)
-               // reorder the keys alphabetically.
-               // We trigger this by emptying the `_orderedKeys` array, then it will be rebuilt here.
-               // Otherwise leave their order alone - #5857, #5927
-               var all = Object.keys(_tags).sort();
-               var missingKeys = utilArrayDifference(all, _orderedKeys);
-               for (var i in missingKeys) {
-                   _orderedKeys.push(missingKeys[i]);
-               }
+           if (_selector) {
+             delegate = function delegate(d3_event) {
+               var root = this;
+               var target = d3_event.target;
 
-               // assemble row data
-               var rowData = _orderedKeys.map(function(key, i) {
-                   return { index: i, key: key, value: _tags[key] };
-               });
+               for (; target && target !== root; target = target.parentNode) {
+                 var datum = target.__data__;
+                 _targetEntity = datum instanceof osmNote ? datum : datum && datum.properties && datum.properties.entity;
 
-               // append blank row last, if necessary
-               if (!rowData.length || _showBlank) {
-                   _showBlank = false;
-                   rowData.push({ index: rowData.length, key: '', value: '' });
+                 if (_targetEntity && target[matchesSelector](_selector)) {
+                   return pointerdown.call(target, d3_event);
+                 }
                }
+             };
+           }
 
+           selection.on(_pointerPrefix + 'down.drag' + _selector, delegate);
+         }
 
-               // View Options
-               var options = wrap.selectAll('.raw-tag-options')
-                   .data([0]);
-
-               options.exit()
-                   .remove();
+         behavior.off = function (selection) {
+           selection.on(_pointerPrefix + 'down.drag' + _selector, null);
+         };
 
-               var optionsEnter = options.enter()
-                   .insert('div', ':first-child')
-                   .attr('class', 'raw-tag-options');
+         behavior.selector = function (_) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _selector;
+           _selector = _;
+           return behavior;
+         };
 
-               var optionEnter = optionsEnter.selectAll('.raw-tag-option')
-                   .data(availableViews, function(d) { return d.id; })
-                   .enter();
+         behavior.origin = function (_) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _origin;
+           _origin = _;
+           return behavior;
+         };
 
-               optionEnter
-                   .append('button')
-                   .attr('class', function(d) {
-                       return 'raw-tag-option raw-tag-option-' + d.id + (_tagView === d.id ? ' selected' : '');
-                   })
-                   .attr('title', function(d) { return _t('icons.' + d.id); })
-                   .on('click', function(d) {
-                       _tagView = d.id;
-                       corePreferences('raw-tag-editor-view', d.id);
+         behavior.cancel = function () {
+           select(window).on(_pointerPrefix + 'move.drag', null).on(_pointerPrefix + 'up.drag pointercancel.drag', null);
+           return behavior;
+         };
 
-                       wrap.selectAll('.raw-tag-option')
-                           .classed('selected', function(datum) { return datum === d; });
+         behavior.targetNode = function (_) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _targetNode;
+           _targetNode = _;
+           return behavior;
+         };
 
-                       wrap.selectAll('.tag-text')
-                           .classed('hide', (d.id !== 'text'))
-                           .each(setTextareaHeight);
+         behavior.targetEntity = function (_) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _targetEntity;
+           _targetEntity = _;
+           return behavior;
+         };
 
-                       wrap.selectAll('.tag-list, .add-row')
-                           .classed('hide', (d.id !== 'list'));
-                   })
-                   .each(function(d) {
-                       select(this)
-                           .call(svgIcon(d.icon));
-                   });
+         behavior.surface = function (_) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _surface;
+           _surface = _;
+           return behavior;
+         };
 
+         return utilRebind(behavior, dispatch, 'on');
+       }
 
-               // View as Text
-               var textData = rowsToText(rowData);
-               var textarea = wrap.selectAll('.tag-text')
-                   .data([0]);
+       function modeDragNode(context) {
+         var mode = {
+           id: 'drag-node',
+           button: 'browse'
+         };
+         var hover = behaviorHover(context).altDisables(true).on('hover', context.ui().sidebar.hover);
+         var edit = behaviorEdit(context);
 
-               textarea = textarea.enter()
-                   .append('textarea')
-                   .attr('class', 'tag-text' + (_tagView !== 'text' ? ' hide' : ''))
-                   .call(utilNoAuto)
-                   .attr('placeholder', _t('inspector.key_value'))
-                   .attr('spellcheck', 'false')
-                   .merge(textarea);
+         var _nudgeInterval;
 
-               textarea
-                   .call(utilGetSetValue, textData)
-                   .each(setTextareaHeight)
-                   .on('input', setTextareaHeight)
-                   .on('blur', textChanged)
-                   .on('change', textChanged);
+         var _restoreSelectedIDs = [];
+         var _wasMidpoint = false;
+         var _isCancelled = false;
 
+         var _activeEntity;
 
-               // View as List
-               var list = wrap.selectAll('.tag-list')
-                   .data([0]);
+         var _startLoc;
 
-               list = list.enter()
-                   .append('ul')
-                   .attr('class', 'tag-list' + (_tagView !== 'list' ? ' hide' : ''))
-                   .merge(list);
+         var _lastLoc;
 
+         function startNudge(d3_event, entity, nudge) {
+           if (_nudgeInterval) window.clearInterval(_nudgeInterval);
+           _nudgeInterval = window.setInterval(function () {
+             context.map().pan(nudge);
+             doMove(d3_event, entity, nudge);
+           }, 50);
+         }
 
-               // Container for the Add button
-               var addRowEnter = wrap.selectAll('.add-row')
-                   .data([0])
-                   .enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'add-row' + (_tagView !== 'list' ? ' hide' : ''));
+         function stopNudge() {
+           if (_nudgeInterval) {
+             window.clearInterval(_nudgeInterval);
+             _nudgeInterval = null;
+           }
+         }
 
-               addRowEnter
-                   .append('button')
-                   .attr('class', 'add-tag')
-                   .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-plus', 'light'))
-                   .on('click', addTag);
+         function moveAnnotation(entity) {
+           return _t('operations.move.annotation.' + entity.geometry(context.graph()));
+         }
 
-               addRowEnter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'space-value');   // preserve space
+         function connectAnnotation(nodeEntity, targetEntity) {
+           var nodeGeometry = nodeEntity.geometry(context.graph());
+           var targetGeometry = targetEntity.geometry(context.graph());
 
-               addRowEnter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'space-buttons');  // preserve space
+           if (nodeGeometry === 'vertex' && targetGeometry === 'vertex') {
+             var nodeParentWayIDs = context.graph().parentWays(nodeEntity);
+             var targetParentWayIDs = context.graph().parentWays(targetEntity);
+             var sharedParentWays = utilArrayIntersection(nodeParentWayIDs, targetParentWayIDs); // if both vertices are part of the same way
 
+             if (sharedParentWays.length !== 0) {
+               // if the nodes are next to each other, they are merged
+               if (sharedParentWays[0].areAdjacent(nodeEntity.id, targetEntity.id)) {
+                 return _t('operations.connect.annotation.from_vertex.to_adjacent_vertex');
+               }
 
-               // Tag list items
-               var items = list.selectAll('.tag-row')
-                   .data(rowData, function(d) { return d.key; });
+               return _t('operations.connect.annotation.from_vertex.to_sibling_vertex');
+             }
+           }
 
-               items.exit()
-                   .each(unbind)
-                   .remove();
+           return _t('operations.connect.annotation.from_' + nodeGeometry + '.to_' + targetGeometry);
+         }
 
+         function shouldSnapToNode(target) {
+           if (!_activeEntity) return false;
+           return _activeEntity.geometry(context.graph()) !== 'vertex' || target.geometry(context.graph()) === 'vertex' || _mainPresetIndex.allowsVertex(target, context.graph());
+         }
 
-               // Enter
-               var itemsEnter = items.enter()
-                   .append('li')
-                   .attr('class', 'tag-row')
-                   .classed('readonly', isReadOnly);
+         function origin(entity) {
+           return context.projection(entity.loc);
+         }
 
-               var innerWrap = itemsEnter.append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'inner-wrap');
+         function keydown(d3_event) {
+           if (d3_event.keyCode === utilKeybinding.modifierCodes.alt) {
+             if (context.surface().classed('nope')) {
+               context.surface().classed('nope-suppressed', true);
+             }
 
-               innerWrap
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'key-wrap')
-                   .append('input')
-                   .property('type', 'text')
-                   .attr('class', 'key')
-                   .call(utilNoAuto)
-                   .on('blur', keyChange)
-                   .on('change', keyChange);
-
-               innerWrap
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'value-wrap')
-                   .append('input')
-                   .property('type', 'text')
-                   .attr('class', 'value')
-                   .call(utilNoAuto)
-                   .on('blur', valueChange)
-                   .on('change', valueChange)
-                   .on('keydown.push-more', pushMore);
-
-               innerWrap
-                   .append('button')
-                   .attr('tabindex', -1)
-                   .attr('class', 'form-field-button remove')
-                   .attr('title', _t('icons.remove'))
-                   .call(svgIcon('#iD-operation-delete'));
-
-
-               // Update
-               items = items
-                   .merge(itemsEnter)
-                   .sort(function(a, b) { return a.index - b.index; });
-
-               items
-                   .each(function(d) {
-                       var row = select(this);
-                       var key = row.select('input.key');      // propagate bound data
-                       var value = row.select('input.value');  // propagate bound data
-
-                       if (_entityIDs && taginfo && _state !== 'hover') {
-                           bindTypeahead(key, value);
-                       }
+             context.surface().classed('nope', false).classed('nope-disabled', true);
+           }
+         }
 
-                       var reference;
+         function keyup(d3_event) {
+           if (d3_event.keyCode === utilKeybinding.modifierCodes.alt) {
+             if (context.surface().classed('nope-suppressed')) {
+               context.surface().classed('nope', true);
+             }
 
-                       if (typeof d.value !== 'string') {
-                           reference = uiTagReference({ key: d.key });
-                       } else {
-                           var isRelation = _entityIDs && _entityIDs.some(function(entityID) {
-                               return context.entity(entityID).type === 'relation';
-                           });
-                           if (isRelation && d.key === 'type') {
-                               reference = uiTagReference({ rtype: d.value });
-                           } else {
-                               reference = uiTagReference({ key: d.key, value: d.value });
-                           }
-                       }
+             context.surface().classed('nope-suppressed', false).classed('nope-disabled', false);
+           }
+         }
 
-                       if (_state === 'hover') {
-                           reference.showing(false);
-                       }
+         function start(d3_event, entity) {
+           _wasMidpoint = entity.type === 'midpoint';
+           var hasHidden = context.features().hasHiddenConnections(entity, context.graph());
+           _isCancelled = !context.editable() || d3_event.shiftKey || hasHidden;
 
-                       row.select('.inner-wrap')      // propagate bound data
-                           .call(reference.button);
+           if (_isCancelled) {
+             if (hasHidden) {
+               context.ui().flash.duration(4000).iconName('#iD-icon-no').label(_t('modes.drag_node.connected_to_hidden'))();
+             }
 
-                       row.call(reference.body);
+             return drag.cancel();
+           }
 
-                       row.select('button.remove');   // propagate bound data
-                   });
+           if (_wasMidpoint) {
+             var midpoint = entity;
+             entity = osmNode();
+             context.perform(actionAddMidpoint(midpoint, entity));
+             entity = context.entity(entity.id); // get post-action entity
 
-               items.selectAll('input.key')
-                   .attr('title', function(d) { return d.key; })
-                   .call(utilGetSetValue, function(d) { return d.key; })
-                   .attr('readonly', function(d) {
-                       return (isReadOnly(d) || (typeof d.value !== 'string')) || null;
-                   });
+             var vertex = context.surface().selectAll('.' + entity.id);
+             drag.targetNode(vertex.node()).targetEntity(entity);
+           } else {
+             context.perform(actionNoop());
+           }
 
-               items.selectAll('input.value')
-                   .attr('title', function(d) {
-                       return Array.isArray(d.value) ? d.value.filter(Boolean).join('\n') : d.value;
-                   })
-                   .classed('mixed', function(d) {
-                       return Array.isArray(d.value);
-                   })
-                   .attr('placeholder', function(d) {
-                       return typeof d.value === 'string' ? null : _t('inspector.multiple_values');
-                   })
-                   .call(utilGetSetValue, function(d) {
-                       return typeof d.value === 'string' ? d.value : '';
-                   })
-                   .attr('readonly', function(d) {
-                       return isReadOnly(d) || null;
-                   });
+           _activeEntity = entity;
+           _startLoc = entity.loc;
+           hover.ignoreVertex(entity.geometry(context.graph()) === 'vertex');
+           context.surface().selectAll('.' + _activeEntity.id).classed('active', true);
+           context.enter(mode);
+         } // related code
+         // - `behavior/draw.js` `datum()`
 
-               items.selectAll('button.remove')
-                   .on(('PointerEvent' in window ? 'pointer' : 'mouse') + 'down', removeTag);  // 'click' fires too late - #5878
 
-           }
+         function datum(d3_event) {
+           if (!d3_event || d3_event.altKey) {
+             return {};
+           } else {
+             // When dragging, snap only to touch targets..
+             // (this excludes area fills and active drawing elements)
+             var d = d3_event.target.__data__;
+             return d && d.properties && d.properties.target ? d : {};
+           }
+         }
+
+         function doMove(d3_event, entity, nudge) {
+           nudge = nudge || [0, 0];
+           var currPoint = d3_event && d3_event.point || context.projection(_lastLoc);
+           var currMouse = geoVecSubtract(currPoint, nudge);
+           var loc = context.projection.invert(currMouse);
+           var target, edge;
+
+           if (!_nudgeInterval) {
+             // If not nudging at the edge of the viewport, try to snap..
+             // related code
+             // - `mode/drag_node.js`     `doMove()`
+             // - `behavior/draw.js`      `click()`
+             // - `behavior/draw_way.js`  `move()`
+             var d = datum(d3_event);
+             target = d && d.properties && d.properties.entity;
+             var targetLoc = target && target.loc;
+             var targetNodes = d && d.properties && d.properties.nodes;
+
+             if (targetLoc) {
+               // snap to node/vertex - a point target with `.loc`
+               if (shouldSnapToNode(target)) {
+                 loc = targetLoc;
+               }
+             } else if (targetNodes) {
+               // snap to way - a line target with `.nodes`
+               edge = geoChooseEdge(targetNodes, context.map().mouse(), context.projection, end.id);
 
-           function isReadOnly(d) {
-               for (var i = 0; i < _readOnlyTags.length; i++) {
-                   if (d.key.match(_readOnlyTags[i]) !== null) {
-                       return true;
-                   }
+               if (edge) {
+                 loc = edge.loc;
                }
-               return false;
+             }
            }
 
-           function setTextareaHeight() {
-               if (_tagView !== 'text') return;
+           context.replace(actionMoveNode(entity.id, loc)); // Below here: validations
 
-               var selection = select(this);
-               selection.style('height', null);
-               selection.style('height', selection.node().scrollHeight + 5 + 'px');
-           }
+           var isInvalid = false; // Check if this connection to `target` could cause relations to break..
+
+           if (target) {
+             isInvalid = hasRelationConflict(entity, target, edge, context.graph());
+           } // Check if this drag causes the geometry to break..
 
-           function stringify(s) {
-               return JSON.stringify(s).slice(1, -1);   // without leading/trailing "
+
+           if (!isInvalid) {
+             isInvalid = hasInvalidGeometry(entity, context.graph());
            }
 
-           function unstringify(s) {
-               var leading = '';
-               var trailing = '';
-               if (s.length < 1 || s.charAt(0) !== '"') {
-                   leading = '"';
-               }
-               if (s.length < 2 || s.charAt(s.length - 1) !== '"' ||
-                   (s.charAt(s.length - 1) === '"' && s.charAt(s.length - 2) === '\\')
-               ) {
-                   trailing = '"';
-               }
-               return JSON.parse(leading + s + trailing);
+           var nope = context.surface().classed('nope');
+
+           if (isInvalid === 'relation' || isInvalid === 'restriction') {
+             if (!nope) {
+               // about to nope - show hint
+               context.ui().flash.duration(4000).iconName('#iD-icon-no').label(_t('operations.connect.' + isInvalid, {
+                 relation: _mainPresetIndex.item('type/restriction').name()
+               }))();
+             }
+           } else if (isInvalid) {
+             var errorID = isInvalid === 'line' ? 'lines' : 'areas';
+             context.ui().flash.duration(3000).iconName('#iD-icon-no').label(_t('self_intersection.error.' + errorID))();
+           } else {
+             if (nope) {
+               // about to un-nope, remove hint
+               context.ui().flash.duration(1).label('')();
+             }
            }
 
-           function rowsToText(rows) {
-               var str = rows
-                   .filter(function(row) { return row.key && row.key.trim() !== ''; })
-                   .map(function(row) {
-                       var rawVal = row.value;
-                       if (typeof rawVal !== 'string') rawVal = '*';
-                       var val = rawVal ? stringify(rawVal) : '';
-                       return stringify(row.key) + '=' + val;
-                   })
-                   .join('\n');
+           var nopeDisabled = context.surface().classed('nope-disabled');
 
-               if (_state !== 'hover' && str.length) {
-                   return str + '\n';
-               }
-               return  str;
+           if (nopeDisabled) {
+             context.surface().classed('nope', false).classed('nope-suppressed', isInvalid);
+           } else {
+             context.surface().classed('nope', isInvalid).classed('nope-suppressed', false);
            }
 
-           function textChanged() {
-               var newText = this.value.trim();
-               var newTags = {};
-               newText.split('\n').forEach(function(row) {
-                   var m = row.match(/^\s*([^=]+)=(.*)$/);
-                   if (m !== null) {
-                       var k = context.cleanTagKey(unstringify(m[1].trim()));
-                       var v = context.cleanTagValue(unstringify(m[2].trim()));
-                       newTags[k] = v;
-                   }
-               });
+           _lastLoc = loc;
+         } // Uses `actionConnect.disabled()` to know whether this connection is ok..
 
-               var tagDiff = utilTagDiff(_tags, newTags);
-               if (!tagDiff.length) return;
 
-               _pendingChange  = _pendingChange || {};
+         function hasRelationConflict(entity, target, edge, graph) {
+           var testGraph = graph.update(); // copy
+           // if snapping to way - add midpoint there and consider that the target..
 
-               tagDiff.forEach(function(change) {
-                   if (isReadOnly({ key: change.key })) return;
+           if (edge) {
+             var midpoint = osmNode();
+             var action = actionAddMidpoint({
+               loc: edge.loc,
+               edge: [target.nodes[edge.index - 1], target.nodes[edge.index]]
+             }, midpoint);
+             testGraph = action(testGraph);
+             target = midpoint;
+           } // can we connect to it?
 
-                   // skip unchanged multiselection placeholders
-                   if (change.newVal === '*' && typeof change.oldVal !== 'string') return;
 
-                   if (change.type === '-') {
-                       _pendingChange[change.key] = undefined;
-                   } else if (change.type === '+') {
-                       _pendingChange[change.key] = change.newVal || '';
-                   }
-               });
+           var ids = [entity.id, target.id];
+           return actionConnect(ids).disabled(testGraph);
+         }
 
-               if (Object.keys(_pendingChange).length === 0) {
-                   _pendingChange = null;
-                   return;
-               }
+         function hasInvalidGeometry(entity, graph) {
+           var parents = graph.parentWays(entity);
+           var i, j, k;
 
-               scheduleChange();
-           }
+           for (i = 0; i < parents.length; i++) {
+             var parent = parents[i];
+             var nodes = [];
+             var activeIndex = null; // which multipolygon ring contains node being dragged
+             // test any parent multipolygons for valid geometry
 
-           function pushMore() {
-               // if pressing Tab on the last value field with content, add a blank row
-               if (event.keyCode === 9 && !event.shiftKey &&
-                   section.selection().selectAll('.tag-list li:last-child input.value').node() === this &&
-                   utilGetSetValue(select(this))) {
-                   addTag();
-               }
-           }
+             var relations = graph.parentRelations(parent);
 
-           function bindTypeahead(key, value) {
-               if (isReadOnly(key.datum())) return;
+             for (j = 0; j < relations.length; j++) {
+               if (!relations[j].isMultipolygon()) continue;
+               var rings = osmJoinWays(relations[j].members, graph); // find active ring and test it for self intersections
 
-               if (Array.isArray(value.datum().value)) {
-                   value.call(uiCombobox(context, 'tag-value')
-                       .minItems(1)
-                       .fetcher(function(value, callback) {
-                           var keyString = utilGetSetValue(key);
-                           if (!_tags[keyString]) return;
-                           var data = _tags[keyString].filter(Boolean).map(function(tagValue) {
-                               return {
-                                   value: tagValue,
-                                   title: tagValue
-                               };
-                           });
-                           callback(data);
-                       }));
-                   return;
-               }
+               for (k = 0; k < rings.length; k++) {
+                 nodes = rings[k].nodes;
 
-               var geometry = context.graph().geometry(_entityIDs[0]);
+                 if (nodes.find(function (n) {
+                   return n.id === entity.id;
+                 })) {
+                   activeIndex = k;
 
-               key.call(uiCombobox(context, 'tag-key')
-                   .fetcher(function(value, callback) {
-                       taginfo.keys({
-                           debounce: true,
-                           geometry: geometry,
-                           query: value
-                       }, function(err, data) {
-                           if (!err) {
-                               var filtered = data.filter(function(d) { return _tags[d.value] === undefined; });
-                               callback(sort(value, filtered));
-                           }
-                       });
-                   }));
+                   if (geoHasSelfIntersections(nodes, entity.id)) {
+                     return 'multipolygonMember';
+                   }
+                 }
 
-               value.call(uiCombobox(context, 'tag-value')
-                   .fetcher(function(value, callback) {
-                       taginfo.values({
-                           debounce: true,
-                           key: utilGetSetValue(key),
-                           geometry: geometry,
-                           query: value
-                       }, function(err, data) {
-                           if (!err) callback(sort(value, data));
-                       });
-                   }));
+                 rings[k].coords = nodes.map(function (n) {
+                   return n.loc;
+                 });
+               } // test active ring for intersections with other rings in the multipolygon
 
 
-               function sort(value, data) {
-                   var sameletter = [];
-                   var other = [];
-                   for (var i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
-                       if (data[i].value.substring(0, value.length) === value) {
-                           sameletter.push(data[i]);
-                       } else {
-                           other.push(data[i]);
-                       }
-                   }
-                   return sameletter.concat(other);
+               for (k = 0; k < rings.length; k++) {
+                 if (k === activeIndex) continue; // make sure active ring doesn't cross passive rings
+
+                 if (geoHasLineIntersections(rings[activeIndex].nodes, rings[k].nodes, entity.id)) {
+                   return 'multipolygonRing';
+                 }
                }
-           }
+             } // If we still haven't tested this node's parent way for self-intersections.
+             // (because it's not a member of a multipolygon), test it now.
 
-           function unbind() {
-               var row = select(this);
 
-               row.selectAll('input.key')
-                   .call(uiCombobox.off, context);
+             if (activeIndex === null) {
+               nodes = parent.nodes.map(function (nodeID) {
+                 return graph.entity(nodeID);
+               });
 
-               row.selectAll('input.value')
-                   .call(uiCombobox.off, context);
+               if (nodes.length && geoHasSelfIntersections(nodes, entity.id)) {
+                 return parent.geometry(graph);
+               }
+             }
            }
 
-           function keyChange(d) {
-               if (select(this).attr('readonly')) return;
+           return false;
+         }
 
-               var kOld = d.key;
+         function move(d3_event, entity, point) {
+           if (_isCancelled) return;
+           d3_event.stopPropagation();
+           context.surface().classed('nope-disabled', d3_event.altKey);
+           _lastLoc = context.projection.invert(point);
+           doMove(d3_event, entity);
+           var nudge = geoViewportEdge(point, context.map().dimensions());
 
-               // exit if we are currently about to delete this row anyway - #6366
-               if (_pendingChange && _pendingChange.hasOwnProperty(kOld) && _pendingChange[kOld] === undefined) return;
+           if (nudge) {
+             startNudge(d3_event, entity, nudge);
+           } else {
+             stopNudge();
+           }
+         }
+
+         function end(d3_event, entity) {
+           if (_isCancelled) return;
+           var wasPoint = entity.geometry(context.graph()) === 'point';
+           var d = datum(d3_event);
+           var nope = d && d.properties && d.properties.nope || context.surface().classed('nope');
+           var target = d && d.properties && d.properties.entity; // entity to snap to
+
+           if (nope) {
+             // bounce back
+             context.perform(_actionBounceBack(entity.id, _startLoc));
+           } else if (target && target.type === 'way') {
+             var choice = geoChooseEdge(context.graph().childNodes(target), context.map().mouse(), context.projection, entity.id);
+             context.replace(actionAddMidpoint({
+               loc: choice.loc,
+               edge: [target.nodes[choice.index - 1], target.nodes[choice.index]]
+             }, entity), connectAnnotation(entity, target));
+           } else if (target && target.type === 'node' && shouldSnapToNode(target)) {
+             context.replace(actionConnect([target.id, entity.id]), connectAnnotation(entity, target));
+           } else if (_wasMidpoint) {
+             context.replace(actionNoop(), _t('operations.add.annotation.vertex'));
+           } else {
+             context.replace(actionNoop(), moveAnnotation(entity));
+           }
 
-               var kNew = context.cleanTagKey(this.value.trim());
+           if (wasPoint) {
+             context.enter(modeSelect(context, [entity.id]));
+           } else {
+             var reselection = _restoreSelectedIDs.filter(function (id) {
+               return context.graph().hasEntity(id);
+             });
 
-               // allow no change if the key should be readonly
-               if (isReadOnly({ key: kNew })) {
-                   this.value = kOld;
-                   return;
-               }
+             if (reselection.length) {
+               context.enter(modeSelect(context, reselection));
+             } else {
+               context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+             }
+           }
+         }
 
-               if (kNew &&
-                   kNew !== kOld &&
-                   _tags[kNew] !== undefined) {
-                   // new key is already in use, switch focus to the existing row
+         function _actionBounceBack(nodeID, toLoc) {
+           var moveNode = actionMoveNode(nodeID, toLoc);
 
-                   this.value = kOld;                // reset the key
-                   section.selection().selectAll('.tag-list input.value')
-                       .each(function(d) {
-                           if (d.key === kNew) {     // send focus to that other value combo instead
-                               var input = select(this).node();
-                               input.focus();
-                               input.select();
-                           }
-                       });
-                   return;
-               }
+           var action = function action(graph, t) {
+             // last time through, pop off the bounceback perform.
+             // it will then overwrite the initial perform with a moveNode that does nothing
+             if (t === 1) context.pop();
+             return moveNode(graph, t);
+           };
+
+           action.transitionable = true;
+           return action;
+         }
 
+         function cancel() {
+           drag.cancel();
+           context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+         }
 
-               var row = this.parentNode.parentNode;
-               var inputVal = select(row).selectAll('input.value');
-               var vNew = context.cleanTagValue(utilGetSetValue(inputVal));
+         var drag = behaviorDrag().selector('.layer-touch.points .target').surface(context.container().select('.main-map').node()).origin(origin).on('start', start).on('move', move).on('end', end);
 
-               _pendingChange = _pendingChange || {};
+         mode.enter = function () {
+           context.install(hover);
+           context.install(edit);
+           select(window).on('keydown.dragNode', keydown).on('keyup.dragNode', keyup);
+           context.history().on('undone.drag-node', cancel);
+         };
 
-               if (kOld) {
-                   _pendingChange[kOld] = undefined;
-               }
+         mode.exit = function () {
+           context.ui().sidebar.hover.cancel();
+           context.uninstall(hover);
+           context.uninstall(edit);
+           select(window).on('keydown.dragNode', null).on('keyup.dragNode', null);
+           context.history().on('undone.drag-node', null);
+           _activeEntity = null;
+           context.surface().classed('nope', false).classed('nope-suppressed', false).classed('nope-disabled', false).selectAll('.active').classed('active', false);
+           stopNudge();
+         };
 
-               _pendingChange[kNew] = vNew;
+         mode.selectedIDs = function () {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _activeEntity ? [_activeEntity.id] : []; // no assign
 
-               // update the ordered key index so this row doesn't change position
-               var existingKeyIndex = _orderedKeys.indexOf(kOld);
-               if (existingKeyIndex !== -1) _orderedKeys[existingKeyIndex] = kNew;
+           return mode;
+         };
 
-               d.key = kNew;    // update datum to avoid exit/enter on tag update
-               d.value = vNew;
+         mode.activeID = function () {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _activeEntity && _activeEntity.id; // no assign
 
-               this.value = kNew;
-               utilGetSetValue(inputVal, vNew);
-               scheduleChange();
-           }
+           return mode;
+         };
 
-           function valueChange(d) {
-               if (isReadOnly(d)) return;
+         mode.restoreSelectedIDs = function (_) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _restoreSelectedIDs;
+           _restoreSelectedIDs = _;
+           return mode;
+         };
 
-               // exit if this is a multiselection and no value was entered
-               if (typeof d.value !== 'string' && !this.value) return;
+         mode.behavior = drag;
+         return mode;
+       }
 
-               // exit if we are currently about to delete this row anyway - #6366
-               if (_pendingChange && _pendingChange.hasOwnProperty(d.key) && _pendingChange[d.key] === undefined) return;
+       // Safari bug https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=200829
+       var NON_GENERIC = !!nativePromiseConstructor && fails(function () {
+         nativePromiseConstructor.prototype['finally'].call({ then: function () { /* empty */ } }, function () { /* empty */ });
+       });
 
-               _pendingChange = _pendingChange || {};
+       // `Promise.prototype.finally` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-promise.prototype.finally
+       _export({ target: 'Promise', proto: true, real: true, forced: NON_GENERIC }, {
+         'finally': function (onFinally) {
+           var C = speciesConstructor(this, getBuiltIn('Promise'));
+           var isFunction = typeof onFinally == 'function';
+           return this.then(
+             isFunction ? function (x) {
+               return promiseResolve(C, onFinally()).then(function () { return x; });
+             } : onFinally,
+             isFunction ? function (e) {
+               return promiseResolve(C, onFinally()).then(function () { throw e; });
+             } : onFinally
+           );
+         }
+       });
 
-               _pendingChange[d.key] = context.cleanTagValue(this.value);
-               scheduleChange();
-           }
+       // makes sure that native promise-based APIs `Promise#finally` properly works with patched `Promise#then`
+       if (typeof nativePromiseConstructor == 'function') {
+         var method = getBuiltIn('Promise').prototype['finally'];
+         if (nativePromiseConstructor.prototype['finally'] !== method) {
+           redefine(nativePromiseConstructor.prototype, 'finally', method, { unsafe: true });
+         }
+       }
 
-           function removeTag(d) {
-               if (isReadOnly(d)) return;
+       function quickselect(arr, k, left, right, compare) {
+         quickselectStep(arr, k, left || 0, right || arr.length - 1, compare || defaultCompare);
+       }
 
-               if (d.key === '') {    // removing the blank row
-                   _showBlank = false;
-                   section.reRender();
+       function quickselectStep(arr, k, left, right, compare) {
+         while (right > left) {
+           if (right - left > 600) {
+             var n = right - left + 1;
+             var m = k - left + 1;
+             var z = Math.log(n);
+             var s = 0.5 * Math.exp(2 * z / 3);
+             var sd = 0.5 * Math.sqrt(z * s * (n - s) / n) * (m - n / 2 < 0 ? -1 : 1);
+             var newLeft = Math.max(left, Math.floor(k - m * s / n + sd));
+             var newRight = Math.min(right, Math.floor(k + (n - m) * s / n + sd));
+             quickselectStep(arr, k, newLeft, newRight, compare);
+           }
+
+           var t = arr[k];
+           var i = left;
+           var j = right;
+           swap(arr, left, k);
+           if (compare(arr[right], t) > 0) swap(arr, left, right);
+
+           while (i < j) {
+             swap(arr, i, j);
+             i++;
+             j--;
 
-               } else {
-                   // remove the key from the ordered key index
-                   _orderedKeys = _orderedKeys.filter(function(key) { return key !== d.key; });
+             while (compare(arr[i], t) < 0) {
+               i++;
+             }
 
-                   _pendingChange  = _pendingChange || {};
-                   _pendingChange[d.key] = undefined;
-                   scheduleChange();
-               }
+             while (compare(arr[j], t) > 0) {
+               j--;
+             }
            }
 
-           function addTag() {
-               // Delay render in case this click is blurring an edited combo.
-               // Without the setTimeout, the `content` render would wipe out the pending tag change.
-               window.setTimeout(function() {
-                   _showBlank = true;
-                   section.reRender();
-                   section.selection().selectAll('.tag-list li:last-child input.key').node().focus();
-               }, 20);
+           if (compare(arr[left], t) === 0) swap(arr, left, j);else {
+             j++;
+             swap(arr, j, right);
            }
+           if (j <= k) left = j + 1;
+           if (k <= j) right = j - 1;
+         }
+       }
 
-           function scheduleChange() {
-               // Cache IDs in case the editor is reloaded before the change event is called. - #6028
-               var entityIDs = _entityIDs;
+       function swap(arr, i, j) {
+         var tmp = arr[i];
+         arr[i] = arr[j];
+         arr[j] = tmp;
+       }
 
-               // Delay change in case this change is blurring an edited combo. - #5878
-               window.setTimeout(function() {
-                   if (!_pendingChange) return;
+       function defaultCompare(a, b) {
+         return a < b ? -1 : a > b ? 1 : 0;
+       }
 
-                   dispatch$1.call('change', this, entityIDs, _pendingChange);
-                   _pendingChange = null;
-               }, 10);
-           }
+       var RBush = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
+         function RBush() {
+           var maxEntries = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : 9;
+
+           _classCallCheck$1(this, RBush);
 
+           // max entries in a node is 9 by default; min node fill is 40% for best performance
+           this._maxEntries = Math.max(4, maxEntries);
+           this._minEntries = Math.max(2, Math.ceil(this._maxEntries * 0.4));
+           this.clear();
+         }
 
-           section.state = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _state;
-               if (_state !== val) {
-                   _orderedKeys = [];
-                   _state = val;
+         _createClass$1(RBush, [{
+           key: "all",
+           value: function all() {
+             return this._all(this.data, []);
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "search",
+           value: function search(bbox) {
+             var node = this.data;
+             var result = [];
+             if (!intersects(bbox, node)) return result;
+             var toBBox = this.toBBox;
+             var nodesToSearch = [];
+
+             while (node) {
+               for (var i = 0; i < node.children.length; i++) {
+                 var child = node.children[i];
+                 var childBBox = node.leaf ? toBBox(child) : child;
+
+                 if (intersects(bbox, childBBox)) {
+                   if (node.leaf) result.push(child);else if (contains(bbox, childBBox)) this._all(child, result);else nodesToSearch.push(child);
+                 }
                }
-               return section;
-           };
 
+               node = nodesToSearch.pop();
+             }
 
-           section.presets = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _presets;
-               _presets = val;
-               if (_presets && _presets.length && _presets[0].isFallback()) {
-                   section.disclosureExpanded(true);
-               } else {
-                   section.disclosureExpanded(null);
+             return result;
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "collides",
+           value: function collides(bbox) {
+             var node = this.data;
+             if (!intersects(bbox, node)) return false;
+             var nodesToSearch = [];
+
+             while (node) {
+               for (var i = 0; i < node.children.length; i++) {
+                 var child = node.children[i];
+                 var childBBox = node.leaf ? this.toBBox(child) : child;
+
+                 if (intersects(bbox, childBBox)) {
+                   if (node.leaf || contains(bbox, childBBox)) return true;
+                   nodesToSearch.push(child);
+                 }
                }
-               return section;
-           };
-
 
-           section.tags = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _tags;
-               _tags = val;
-               return section;
-           };
+               node = nodesToSearch.pop();
+             }
 
+             return false;
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "load",
+           value: function load(data) {
+             if (!(data && data.length)) return this;
 
-           section.entityIDs = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _entityIDs;
-               if (!_entityIDs || !val || !utilArrayIdentical(_entityIDs, val)) {
-                   _entityIDs = val;
-                   _orderedKeys = [];
+             if (data.length < this._minEntries) {
+               for (var i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
+                 this.insert(data[i]);
                }
-               return section;
-           };
-
-
-           // pass an array of regular expressions to test against the tag key
-           section.readOnlyTags = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _readOnlyTags;
-               _readOnlyTags = val;
-               return section;
-           };
 
+               return this;
+             } // recursively build the tree with the given data from scratch using OMT algorithm
 
-           return utilRebind(section, dispatch$1, 'on');
-       }
 
-       function uiDataEditor(context) {
-           var dataHeader = uiDataHeader();
-           var rawTagEditor = uiSectionRawTagEditor('custom-data-tag-editor', context)
-               .expandedByDefault(true)
-               .readOnlyTags([/./]);
-           var _datum;
+             var node = this._build(data.slice(), 0, data.length - 1, 0);
 
+             if (!this.data.children.length) {
+               // save as is if tree is empty
+               this.data = node;
+             } else if (this.data.height === node.height) {
+               // split root if trees have the same height
+               this._splitRoot(this.data, node);
+             } else {
+               if (this.data.height < node.height) {
+                 // swap trees if inserted one is bigger
+                 var tmpNode = this.data;
+                 this.data = node;
+                 node = tmpNode;
+               } // insert the small tree into the large tree at appropriate level
 
-           function dataEditor(selection) {
 
-               var header = selection.selectAll('.header')
-                   .data([0]);
+               this._insert(node, this.data.height - node.height - 1, true);
+             }
 
-               var headerEnter = header.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'header fillL');
+             return this;
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "insert",
+           value: function insert(item) {
+             if (item) this._insert(item, this.data.height - 1);
+             return this;
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "clear",
+           value: function clear() {
+             this.data = createNode([]);
+             return this;
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "remove",
+           value: function remove(item, equalsFn) {
+             if (!item) return this;
+             var node = this.data;
+             var bbox = this.toBBox(item);
+             var path = [];
+             var indexes = [];
+             var i, parent, goingUp; // depth-first iterative tree traversal
+
+             while (node || path.length) {
+               if (!node) {
+                 // go up
+                 node = path.pop();
+                 parent = path[path.length - 1];
+                 i = indexes.pop();
+                 goingUp = true;
+               }
+
+               if (node.leaf) {
+                 // check current node
+                 var index = findItem(item, node.children, equalsFn);
+
+                 if (index !== -1) {
+                   // item found, remove the item and condense tree upwards
+                   node.children.splice(index, 1);
+                   path.push(node);
 
-               headerEnter
-                   .append('button')
-                   .attr('class', 'close')
-                   .on('click', function() {
-                       context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
-                   })
-                   .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-close'));
+                   this._condense(path);
 
-               headerEnter
-                   .append('h3')
-                   .text(_t('map_data.title'));
+                   return this;
+                 }
+               }
 
+               if (!goingUp && !node.leaf && contains(node, bbox)) {
+                 // go down
+                 path.push(node);
+                 indexes.push(i);
+                 i = 0;
+                 parent = node;
+                 node = node.children[0];
+               } else if (parent) {
+                 // go right
+                 i++;
+                 node = parent.children[i];
+                 goingUp = false;
+               } else node = null; // nothing found
 
-               var body = selection.selectAll('.body')
-                   .data([0]);
+             }
 
-               body = body.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'body')
-                   .merge(body);
+             return this;
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "toBBox",
+           value: function toBBox(item) {
+             return item;
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "compareMinX",
+           value: function compareMinX(a, b) {
+             return a.minX - b.minX;
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "compareMinY",
+           value: function compareMinY(a, b) {
+             return a.minY - b.minY;
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "toJSON",
+           value: function toJSON() {
+             return this.data;
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "fromJSON",
+           value: function fromJSON(data) {
+             this.data = data;
+             return this;
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "_all",
+           value: function _all(node, result) {
+             var nodesToSearch = [];
 
-               var editor = body.selectAll('.data-editor')
-                   .data([0]);
+             while (node) {
+               if (node.leaf) result.push.apply(result, _toConsumableArray(node.children));else nodesToSearch.push.apply(nodesToSearch, _toConsumableArray(node.children));
+               node = nodesToSearch.pop();
+             }
 
-               // enter/update
-               editor.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'modal-section data-editor')
-                   .merge(editor)
-                   .call(dataHeader.datum(_datum));
+             return result;
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "_build",
+           value: function _build(items, left, right, height) {
+             var N = right - left + 1;
+             var M = this._maxEntries;
+             var node;
+
+             if (N <= M) {
+               // reached leaf level; return leaf
+               node = createNode(items.slice(left, right + 1));
+               calcBBox(node, this.toBBox);
+               return node;
+             }
 
-               var rte = body.selectAll('.raw-tag-editor')
-                   .data([0]);
+             if (!height) {
+               // target height of the bulk-loaded tree
+               height = Math.ceil(Math.log(N) / Math.log(M)); // target number of root entries to maximize storage utilization
 
-               // enter/update
-               rte.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'raw-tag-editor data-editor')
-                   .merge(rte)
-                   .call(rawTagEditor
-                       .tags((_datum && _datum.properties) || {})
-                       .state('hover')
-                       .render
-                   )
-                   .selectAll('textarea.tag-text')
-                   .attr('readonly', true)
-                   .classed('readonly', true);
-           }
+               M = Math.ceil(N / Math.pow(M, height - 1));
+             }
 
+             node = createNode([]);
+             node.leaf = false;
+             node.height = height; // split the items into M mostly square tiles
 
-           dataEditor.datum = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _datum;
-               _datum = val;
-               return this;
-           };
+             var N2 = Math.ceil(N / M);
+             var N1 = N2 * Math.ceil(Math.sqrt(M));
+             multiSelect(items, left, right, N1, this.compareMinX);
 
+             for (var i = left; i <= right; i += N1) {
+               var right2 = Math.min(i + N1 - 1, right);
+               multiSelect(items, i, right2, N2, this.compareMinY);
 
-           return dataEditor;
-       }
+               for (var j = i; j <= right2; j += N2) {
+                 var right3 = Math.min(j + N2 - 1, right2); // pack each entry recursively
 
-       function modeSelectData(context, selectedDatum) {
-           var mode = {
-               id: 'select-data',
-               button: 'browse'
-           };
+                 node.children.push(this._build(items, j, right3, height - 1));
+               }
+             }
 
-           var keybinding = utilKeybinding('select-data');
-           var dataEditor = uiDataEditor(context);
-
-           var behaviors = [
-               behaviorBreathe(),
-               behaviorHover(context),
-               behaviorSelect(context),
-               behaviorLasso(context),
-               modeDragNode(context).behavior,
-               modeDragNote(context).behavior
-           ];
-
-
-           // class the data as selected, or return to browse mode if the data is gone
-           function selectData(drawn) {
-               var selection = context.surface().selectAll('.layer-mapdata .data' + selectedDatum.__featurehash__);
-
-               if (selection.empty()) {
-                   // Return to browse mode if selected DOM elements have
-                   // disappeared because the user moved them out of view..
-                   var source = event && event.type === 'zoom' && event.sourceEvent;
-                   if (drawn && source && (source.type === 'pointermove' || source.type === 'mousemove' || source.type === 'touchmove')) {
-                       context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+             calcBBox(node, this.toBBox);
+             return node;
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "_chooseSubtree",
+           value: function _chooseSubtree(bbox, node, level, path) {
+             while (true) {
+               path.push(node);
+               if (node.leaf || path.length - 1 === level) break;
+               var minArea = Infinity;
+               var minEnlargement = Infinity;
+               var targetNode = void 0;
+
+               for (var i = 0; i < node.children.length; i++) {
+                 var child = node.children[i];
+                 var area = bboxArea(child);
+                 var enlargement = enlargedArea(bbox, child) - area; // choose entry with the least area enlargement
+
+                 if (enlargement < minEnlargement) {
+                   minEnlargement = enlargement;
+                   minArea = area < minArea ? area : minArea;
+                   targetNode = child;
+                 } else if (enlargement === minEnlargement) {
+                   // otherwise choose one with the smallest area
+                   if (area < minArea) {
+                     minArea = area;
+                     targetNode = child;
                    }
-               } else {
-                   selection.classed('selected', true);
+                 }
                }
-           }
 
+               node = targetNode || node.children[0];
+             }
 
-           function esc() {
-               if (context.container().select('.combobox').size()) return;
-               context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+             return node;
            }
+         }, {
+           key: "_insert",
+           value: function _insert(item, level, isNode) {
+             var bbox = isNode ? item : this.toBBox(item);
+             var insertPath = []; // find the best node for accommodating the item, saving all nodes along the path too
 
+             var node = this._chooseSubtree(bbox, this.data, level, insertPath); // put the item into the node
 
-           mode.zoomToSelected = function() {
-               var extent = geoExtent(d3_geoBounds(selectedDatum));
-               context.map().centerZoomEase(extent.center(), context.map().trimmedExtentZoom(extent));
-           };
 
+             node.children.push(item);
+             extend$1(node, bbox); // split on node overflow; propagate upwards if necessary
 
-           mode.enter = function() {
-               behaviors.forEach(context.install);
+             while (level >= 0) {
+               if (insertPath[level].children.length > this._maxEntries) {
+                 this._split(insertPath, level);
 
-               keybinding
-                   .on(_t('inspector.zoom_to.key'), mode.zoomToSelected)
-                   .on('⎋', esc, true);
+                 level--;
+               } else break;
+             } // adjust bboxes along the insertion path
 
-               select(document)
-                   .call(keybinding);
 
-               selectData();
+             this._adjustParentBBoxes(bbox, insertPath, level);
+           } // split overflowed node into two
 
-               var sidebar = context.ui().sidebar;
-               sidebar.show(dataEditor.datum(selectedDatum));
+         }, {
+           key: "_split",
+           value: function _split(insertPath, level) {
+             var node = insertPath[level];
+             var M = node.children.length;
+             var m = this._minEntries;
 
-               // expand the sidebar, avoid obscuring the data if needed
-               var extent = geoExtent(d3_geoBounds(selectedDatum));
-               sidebar.expand(sidebar.intersects(extent));
+             this._chooseSplitAxis(node, m, M);
 
-               context.map()
-                   .on('drawn.select-data', selectData);
-           };
+             var splitIndex = this._chooseSplitIndex(node, m, M);
 
+             var newNode = createNode(node.children.splice(splitIndex, node.children.length - splitIndex));
+             newNode.height = node.height;
+             newNode.leaf = node.leaf;
+             calcBBox(node, this.toBBox);
+             calcBBox(newNode, this.toBBox);
+             if (level) insertPath[level - 1].children.push(newNode);else this._splitRoot(node, newNode);
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "_splitRoot",
+           value: function _splitRoot(node, newNode) {
+             // split root node
+             this.data = createNode([node, newNode]);
+             this.data.height = node.height + 1;
+             this.data.leaf = false;
+             calcBBox(this.data, this.toBBox);
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "_chooseSplitIndex",
+           value: function _chooseSplitIndex(node, m, M) {
+             var index;
+             var minOverlap = Infinity;
+             var minArea = Infinity;
+
+             for (var i = m; i <= M - m; i++) {
+               var bbox1 = distBBox(node, 0, i, this.toBBox);
+               var bbox2 = distBBox(node, i, M, this.toBBox);
+               var overlap = intersectionArea(bbox1, bbox2);
+               var area = bboxArea(bbox1) + bboxArea(bbox2); // choose distribution with minimum overlap
+
+               if (overlap < minOverlap) {
+                 minOverlap = overlap;
+                 index = i;
+                 minArea = area < minArea ? area : minArea;
+               } else if (overlap === minOverlap) {
+                 // otherwise choose distribution with minimum area
+                 if (area < minArea) {
+                   minArea = area;
+                   index = i;
+                 }
+               }
+             }
 
-           mode.exit = function() {
-               behaviors.forEach(context.uninstall);
+             return index || M - m;
+           } // sorts node children by the best axis for split
 
-               select(document)
-                   .call(keybinding.unbind);
+         }, {
+           key: "_chooseSplitAxis",
+           value: function _chooseSplitAxis(node, m, M) {
+             var compareMinX = node.leaf ? this.compareMinX : compareNodeMinX;
+             var compareMinY = node.leaf ? this.compareMinY : compareNodeMinY;
 
-               context.surface()
-                   .selectAll('.layer-mapdata .selected')
-                   .classed('selected hover', false);
+             var xMargin = this._allDistMargin(node, m, M, compareMinX);
 
-               context.map()
-                   .on('drawn.select-data', null);
+             var yMargin = this._allDistMargin(node, m, M, compareMinY); // if total distributions margin value is minimal for x, sort by minX,
+             // otherwise it's already sorted by minY
 
-               context.ui().sidebar
-                   .hide();
-           };
 
+             if (xMargin < yMargin) node.children.sort(compareMinX);
+           } // total margin of all possible split distributions where each node is at least m full
 
-           return mode;
-       }
+         }, {
+           key: "_allDistMargin",
+           value: function _allDistMargin(node, m, M, compare) {
+             node.children.sort(compare);
+             var toBBox = this.toBBox;
+             var leftBBox = distBBox(node, 0, m, toBBox);
+             var rightBBox = distBBox(node, M - m, M, toBBox);
+             var margin = bboxMargin(leftBBox) + bboxMargin(rightBBox);
 
-       function uiImproveOsmComments() {
-         let _qaItem;
+             for (var i = m; i < M - m; i++) {
+               var child = node.children[i];
+               extend$1(leftBBox, node.leaf ? toBBox(child) : child);
+               margin += bboxMargin(leftBBox);
+             }
 
-         function issueComments(selection) {
-           // make the div immediately so it appears above the buttons
-           let comments = selection.selectAll('.comments-container')
-             .data([0]);
-
-           comments = comments.enter()
-             .append('div')
-               .attr('class', 'comments-container')
-             .merge(comments);
-
-           // must retrieve comments from API before they can be displayed
-           services.improveOSM.getComments(_qaItem)
-             .then(d => {
-               if (!d.comments) return; // nothing to do here
-
-               const commentEnter = comments.selectAll('.comment')
-                 .data(d.comments)
-                 .enter()
-                 .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'comment');
-
-               commentEnter
-                 .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'comment-avatar')
-                   .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-avatar', 'comment-avatar-icon'));
-
-               const mainEnter = commentEnter
-                 .append('div')
-                 .attr('class', 'comment-main');
-
-               const metadataEnter = mainEnter
-                 .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'comment-metadata');
-
-               metadataEnter
-                 .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'comment-author')
-                   .each(function(d) {
-                     const osm = services.osm;
-                     let selection = select(this);
-                     if (osm && d.username) {
-                       selection = selection
-                         .append('a')
-                         .attr('class', 'comment-author-link')
-                         .attr('href', osm.userURL(d.username))
-                         .attr('tabindex', -1)
-                         .attr('target', '_blank');
-                     }
-                     selection
-                       .text(d => d.username);
-                   });
+             for (var _i = M - m - 1; _i >= m; _i--) {
+               var _child = node.children[_i];
+               extend$1(rightBBox, node.leaf ? toBBox(_child) : _child);
+               margin += bboxMargin(rightBBox);
+             }
 
-               metadataEnter
-                 .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'comment-date')
-                   .text(d => _t('note.status.commented', { when: localeDateString(d.timestamp) }));
+             return margin;
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "_adjustParentBBoxes",
+           value: function _adjustParentBBoxes(bbox, path, level) {
+             // adjust bboxes along the given tree path
+             for (var i = level; i >= 0; i--) {
+               extend$1(path[i], bbox);
+             }
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "_condense",
+           value: function _condense(path) {
+             // go through the path, removing empty nodes and updating bboxes
+             for (var i = path.length - 1, siblings; i >= 0; i--) {
+               if (path[i].children.length === 0) {
+                 if (i > 0) {
+                   siblings = path[i - 1].children;
+                   siblings.splice(siblings.indexOf(path[i]), 1);
+                 } else this.clear();
+               } else calcBBox(path[i], this.toBBox);
+             }
+           }
+         }]);
 
-               mainEnter
-                 .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'comment-text')
-                 .append('p')
-                   .text(d => d.text);
-           })
-           .catch(err => {
-             console.log(err); // eslint-disable-line no-console
-           });
-         }
+         return RBush;
+       }();
 
-         function localeDateString(s) {
-           if (!s) return null;
-           const options = { day: 'numeric', month: 'short', year: 'numeric' };
-           const d = new Date(s * 1000); // timestamp is served in seconds, date takes ms
-           if (isNaN(d.getTime())) return null;
-           return d.toLocaleDateString(_mainLocalizer.localeCode(), options);
+       function findItem(item, items, equalsFn) {
+         if (!equalsFn) return items.indexOf(item);
+
+         for (var i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {
+           if (equalsFn(item, items[i])) return i;
          }
 
-         issueComments.issue = function(val) {
-           if (!arguments.length) return _qaItem;
-           _qaItem = val;
-           return issueComments;
-         };
+         return -1;
+       } // calculate node's bbox from bboxes of its children
 
-         return issueComments;
-       }
 
-       function uiImproveOsmDetails(context) {
-         let _qaItem;
+       function calcBBox(node, toBBox) {
+         distBBox(node, 0, node.children.length, toBBox, node);
+       } // min bounding rectangle of node children from k to p-1
 
 
-         function issueDetail(d) {
-           if (d.desc) return d.desc;
-           const issueKey = d.issueKey;
-           d.replacements = d.replacements || {};
-           d.replacements.default = _t('inspector.unknown');  // special key `default` works as a fallback string
-           return _t(`QA.improveOSM.error_types.${issueKey}.description`, d.replacements);
+       function distBBox(node, k, p, toBBox, destNode) {
+         if (!destNode) destNode = createNode(null);
+         destNode.minX = Infinity;
+         destNode.minY = Infinity;
+         destNode.maxX = -Infinity;
+         destNode.maxY = -Infinity;
+
+         for (var i = k; i < p; i++) {
+           var child = node.children[i];
+           extend$1(destNode, node.leaf ? toBBox(child) : child);
          }
 
+         return destNode;
+       }
 
-         function improveOsmDetails(selection) {
-           const details = selection.selectAll('.error-details')
-             .data(
-               (_qaItem ? [_qaItem] : []),
-               d => `${d.id}-${d.status || 0}`
-             );
+       function extend$1(a, b) {
+         a.minX = Math.min(a.minX, b.minX);
+         a.minY = Math.min(a.minY, b.minY);
+         a.maxX = Math.max(a.maxX, b.maxX);
+         a.maxY = Math.max(a.maxY, b.maxY);
+         return a;
+       }
 
-           details.exit()
-             .remove();
-
-           const detailsEnter = details.enter()
-             .append('div')
-               .attr('class', 'error-details qa-details-container');
-
-
-           // description
-           const descriptionEnter = detailsEnter
-             .append('div')
-               .attr('class', 'qa-details-subsection');
-
-           descriptionEnter
-             .append('h4')
-               .text(() => _t('QA.keepRight.detail_description'));
-
-           descriptionEnter
-             .append('div')
-               .attr('class', 'qa-details-description-text')
-               .html(issueDetail);
-
-           // If there are entity links in the error message..
-           let relatedEntities = [];
-           descriptionEnter.selectAll('.error_entity_link, .error_object_link')
-             .each(function() {
-               const link = select(this);
-               const isObjectLink = link.classed('error_object_link');
-               const entityID = isObjectLink ?
-                 (utilEntityRoot(_qaItem.objectType) + _qaItem.objectId)
-                 : this.textContent;
-               const entity = context.hasEntity(entityID);
-
-               relatedEntities.push(entityID);
-
-               // Add click handler
-               link
-                 .on('mouseenter', () => {
-                   utilHighlightEntities([entityID], true, context);
-                 })
-                 .on('mouseleave', () => {
-                   utilHighlightEntities([entityID], false, context);
-                 })
-                 .on('click', () => {
-                   event.preventDefault();
+       function compareNodeMinX(a, b) {
+         return a.minX - b.minX;
+       }
 
-                   utilHighlightEntities([entityID], false, context);
+       function compareNodeMinY(a, b) {
+         return a.minY - b.minY;
+       }
 
-                   const osmlayer = context.layers().layer('osm');
-                   if (!osmlayer.enabled()) {
-                     osmlayer.enabled(true);
-                   }
+       function bboxArea(a) {
+         return (a.maxX - a.minX) * (a.maxY - a.minY);
+       }
 
-                   context.map().centerZoom(_qaItem.loc, 20);
+       function bboxMargin(a) {
+         return a.maxX - a.minX + (a.maxY - a.minY);
+       }
 
-                   if (entity) {
-                     context.enter(modeSelect(context, [entityID]));
-                   } else {
-                     context.loadEntity(entityID, () => {
-                       context.enter(modeSelect(context, [entityID]));
-                     });
-                   }
-                 });
+       function enlargedArea(a, b) {
+         return (Math.max(b.maxX, a.maxX) - Math.min(b.minX, a.minX)) * (Math.max(b.maxY, a.maxY) - Math.min(b.minY, a.minY));
+       }
 
-               // Replace with friendly name if possible
-               // (The entity may not yet be loaded into the graph)
-               if (entity) {
-                 let name = utilDisplayName(entity);  // try to use common name
+       function intersectionArea(a, b) {
+         var minX = Math.max(a.minX, b.minX);
+         var minY = Math.max(a.minY, b.minY);
+         var maxX = Math.min(a.maxX, b.maxX);
+         var maxY = Math.min(a.maxY, b.maxY);
+         return Math.max(0, maxX - minX) * Math.max(0, maxY - minY);
+       }
 
-                 if (!name && !isObjectLink) {
-                   const preset = _mainPresetIndex.match(entity, context.graph());
-                   name = preset && !preset.isFallback() && preset.name();  // fallback to preset name
-                 }
+       function contains(a, b) {
+         return a.minX <= b.minX && a.minY <= b.minY && b.maxX <= a.maxX && b.maxY <= a.maxY;
+       }
 
-                 if (name) {
-                   this.innerText = name;
-                 }
-               }
-             });
+       function intersects(a, b) {
+         return b.minX <= a.maxX && b.minY <= a.maxY && b.maxX >= a.minX && b.maxY >= a.minY;
+       }
 
-           // Don't hide entities related to this error - #5880
-           context.features().forceVisible(relatedEntities);
-           context.map().pan([0,0]);  // trigger a redraw
+       function createNode(children) {
+         return {
+           children: children,
+           height: 1,
+           leaf: true,
+           minX: Infinity,
+           minY: Infinity,
+           maxX: -Infinity,
+           maxY: -Infinity
+         };
+       } // sort an array so that items come in groups of n unsorted items, with groups sorted between each other;
+       // combines selection algorithm with binary divide & conquer approach
+
+
+       function multiSelect(arr, left, right, n, compare) {
+         var stack = [left, right];
+
+         while (stack.length) {
+           right = stack.pop();
+           left = stack.pop();
+           if (right - left <= n) continue;
+           var mid = left + Math.ceil((right - left) / n / 2) * n;
+           quickselect(arr, mid, left, right, compare);
+           stack.push(left, mid, mid, right);
          }
+       }
 
-         improveOsmDetails.issue = function(val) {
-           if (!arguments.length) return _qaItem;
-           _qaItem = val;
-           return improveOsmDetails;
-         };
+       function responseText(response) {
+         if (!response.ok) throw new Error(response.status + " " + response.statusText);
+         return response.text();
+       }
 
-         return improveOsmDetails;
+       function d3_text (input, init) {
+         return fetch(input, init).then(responseText);
        }
 
-       function uiImproveOsmHeader() {
-         let _qaItem;
+       function responseJson(response) {
+         if (!response.ok) throw new Error(response.status + " " + response.statusText);
+         if (response.status === 204 || response.status === 205) return;
+         return response.json();
+       }
 
+       function d3_json (input, init) {
+         return fetch(input, init).then(responseJson);
+       }
 
-         function issueTitle(d) {
-           const issueKey = d.issueKey;
-           d.replacements = d.replacements || {};
-           d.replacements.default = _t('inspector.unknown');  // special key `default` works as a fallback string
-           return _t(`QA.improveOSM.error_types.${issueKey}.title`, d.replacements);
-         }
+       function parser(type) {
+         return function (input, init) {
+           return d3_text(input, init).then(function (text) {
+             return new DOMParser().parseFromString(text, type);
+           });
+         };
+       }
 
+       var d3_xml = parser("application/xml");
+       var svg = parser("image/svg+xml");
 
-         function improveOsmHeader(selection) {
-           const header = selection.selectAll('.qa-header')
-             .data(
-               (_qaItem ? [_qaItem] : []),
-               d => `${d.id}-${d.status || 0}`
-             );
+       var tiler$6 = utilTiler();
+       var dispatch$7 = dispatch$8('loaded');
+       var _tileZoom$3 = 14;
+       var _krUrlRoot = 'https://www.keepright.at';
+       var _krData = {
+         errorTypes: {},
+         localizeStrings: {}
+       }; // This gets reassigned if reset
 
-           header.exit()
-             .remove();
-
-           const headerEnter = header.enter()
-             .append('div')
-               .attr('class', 'qa-header');
-
-           const svgEnter = headerEnter
-             .append('div')
-               .attr('class', 'qa-header-icon')
-               .classed('new', d => d.id < 0)
-             .append('svg')
-               .attr('width', '20px')
-               .attr('height', '30px')
-               .attr('viewbox', '0 0 20 30')
-               .attr('class', d => `preset-icon-28 qaItem ${d.service} itemId-${d.id} itemType-${d.itemType}`);
-
-           svgEnter
-             .append('polygon')
-               .attr('fill', 'currentColor')
-               .attr('class', 'qaItem-fill')
-               .attr('points', '16,3 4,3 1,6 1,17 4,20 7,20 10,27 13,20 16,20 19,17.033 19,6');
-
-           svgEnter
-             .append('use')
-               .attr('class', 'icon-annotation')
-               .attr('width', '13px')
-               .attr('height', '13px')
-               .attr('transform', 'translate(3.5, 5)')
-               .attr('xlink:href', d => {
-                 const picon = d.icon;
-                 if (!picon) {
-                   return '';
-                 } else {
-                   const isMaki = /^maki-/.test(picon);
-                   return `#${picon}${isMaki ? '-11' : ''}`;
-                 }
-               });
+       var _cache$2;
+
+       var _krRuleset = [// no 20 - multiple node on same spot - these are mostly boundaries overlapping roads
+       30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 210, 220, 230, 231, 232, 270, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 300, 310, 311, 312, 313, 320, 350, 360, 370, 380, 390, 400, 401, 402, 410, 411, 412, 413];
 
-           headerEnter
-             .append('div')
-               .attr('class', 'qa-header-label')
-               .text(issueTitle);
+       function abortRequest$6(controller) {
+         if (controller) {
+           controller.abort();
          }
+       }
 
-         improveOsmHeader.issue = function(val) {
-           if (!arguments.length) return _qaItem;
-           _qaItem = val;
-           return improveOsmHeader;
-         };
+       function abortUnwantedRequests$3(cache, tiles) {
+         Object.keys(cache.inflightTile).forEach(function (k) {
+           var wanted = tiles.find(function (tile) {
+             return k === tile.id;
+           });
 
-         return improveOsmHeader;
+           if (!wanted) {
+             abortRequest$6(cache.inflightTile[k]);
+             delete cache.inflightTile[k];
+           }
+         });
        }
 
-       function uiImproveOsmEditor(context) {
-         const dispatch$1 = dispatch('change');
-         const qaDetails = uiImproveOsmDetails(context);
-         const qaComments = uiImproveOsmComments();
-         const qaHeader = uiImproveOsmHeader();
-
-         let _qaItem;
+       function encodeIssueRtree$2(d) {
+         return {
+           minX: d.loc[0],
+           minY: d.loc[1],
+           maxX: d.loc[0],
+           maxY: d.loc[1],
+           data: d
+         };
+       } // Replace or remove QAItem from rtree
 
-         function improveOsmEditor(selection) {
 
-           const headerEnter = selection.selectAll('.header')
-             .data([0])
-             .enter()
-             .append('div')
-               .attr('class', 'header fillL');
+       function updateRtree$3(item, replace) {
+         _cache$2.rtree.remove(item, function (a, b) {
+           return a.data.id === b.data.id;
+         });
 
-           headerEnter
-             .append('button')
-               .attr('class', 'close')
-               .on('click', () => context.enter(modeBrowse(context)))
-               .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-close'));
+         if (replace) {
+           _cache$2.rtree.insert(item);
+         }
+       }
 
-           headerEnter
-             .append('h3')
-               .text(_t('QA.improveOSM.title'));
+       function tokenReplacements(d) {
+         if (!(d instanceof QAItem)) return;
+         var htmlRegex = new RegExp(/<\/[a-z][\s\S]*>/);
+         var replacements = {};
+         var issueTemplate = _krData.errorTypes[d.whichType];
 
-           let body = selection.selectAll('.body')
-             .data([0]);
+         if (!issueTemplate) {
+           /* eslint-disable no-console */
+           console.log('No Template: ', d.whichType);
+           console.log('  ', d.description);
+           /* eslint-enable no-console */
 
-           body = body.enter()
-             .append('div')
-               .attr('class', 'body')
-             .merge(body);
+           return;
+         } // some descriptions are just fixed text
 
-           const editor = body.selectAll('.qa-editor')
-             .data([0]);
 
-           editor.enter()
-             .append('div')
-               .attr('class', 'modal-section qa-editor')
-             .merge(editor)
-               .call(qaHeader.issue(_qaItem))
-               .call(qaDetails.issue(_qaItem))
-               .call(qaComments.issue(_qaItem))
-               .call(improveOsmSaveSection);
-         }
+         if (!issueTemplate.regex) return; // regex pattern should match description with variable details captured
 
-         function improveOsmSaveSection(selection) {
-           const isSelected = (_qaItem && _qaItem.id === context.selectedErrorID());
-           const isShown = (_qaItem && (isSelected || _qaItem.newComment || _qaItem.comment));
-           let saveSection = selection.selectAll('.qa-save')
-             .data(
-               (isShown ? [_qaItem] : []),
-               d => `${d.id}-${d.status || 0}`
-             );
+         var errorRegex = new RegExp(issueTemplate.regex, 'i');
+         var errorMatch = errorRegex.exec(d.description);
 
-           // exit
-           saveSection.exit()
-             .remove();
+         if (!errorMatch) {
+           /* eslint-disable no-console */
+           console.log('Unmatched: ', d.whichType);
+           console.log('  ', d.description);
+           console.log('  ', errorRegex);
+           /* eslint-enable no-console */
 
-           // enter
-           const saveSectionEnter = saveSection.enter()
-             .append('div')
-               .attr('class', 'qa-save save-section cf');
-
-           saveSectionEnter
-             .append('h4')
-               .attr('class', '.qa-save-header')
-               .text(_t('note.newComment'));
-
-           saveSectionEnter
-             .append('textarea')
-               .attr('class', 'new-comment-input')
-               .attr('placeholder', _t('QA.keepRight.comment_placeholder'))
-               .attr('maxlength', 1000)
-               .property('value', d => d.newComment)
-               .call(utilNoAuto)
-               .on('input', changeInput)
-               .on('blur', changeInput);
+           return;
+         }
 
-           // update
-           saveSection = saveSectionEnter
-             .merge(saveSection)
-               .call(qaSaveButtons);
+         for (var i = 1; i < errorMatch.length; i++) {
+           // skip first
+           var capture = errorMatch[i];
+           var idType = void 0;
+           idType = 'IDs' in issueTemplate ? issueTemplate.IDs[i - 1] : '';
 
-           function changeInput() {
-             const input = select(this);
-             let val = input.property('value').trim();
+           if (idType && capture) {
+             // link IDs if present in the capture
+             capture = parseError(capture, idType);
+           } else if (htmlRegex.test(capture)) {
+             // escape any html in non-IDs
+             capture = '\\' + capture + '\\';
+           } else {
+             var compare = capture.toLowerCase();
 
-             if (val === '') {
-               val = undefined;
+             if (_krData.localizeStrings[compare]) {
+               // some replacement strings can be localized
+               capture = _t('QA.keepRight.error_parts.' + _krData.localizeStrings[compare]);
              }
+           }
 
-             // store the unsaved comment with the issue itself
-             _qaItem = _qaItem.update({ newComment: val });
+           replacements['var' + i] = capture;
+         }
 
-             const qaService = services.improveOSM;
-             if (qaService) {
-               qaService.replaceItem(_qaItem);
-             }
+         return replacements;
+       }
 
-             saveSection
-               .call(qaSaveButtons);
-           }
+       function parseError(capture, idType) {
+         var compare = capture.toLowerCase();
+
+         if (_krData.localizeStrings[compare]) {
+           // some replacement strings can be localized
+           capture = _t('QA.keepRight.error_parts.' + _krData.localizeStrings[compare]);
          }
 
-         function qaSaveButtons(selection) {
-           const isSelected = (_qaItem && _qaItem.id === context.selectedErrorID());
-           let buttonSection = selection.selectAll('.buttons')
-             .data((isSelected ? [_qaItem] : []), d => d.status + d.id);
+         switch (idType) {
+           // link a string like "this node"
+           case 'this':
+             capture = linkErrorObject(capture);
+             break;
 
-           // exit
-           buttonSection.exit()
-             .remove();
+           case 'url':
+             capture = linkURL(capture);
+             break;
+           // link an entity ID
 
-           // enter
-           const buttonEnter = buttonSection.enter()
-             .append('div')
-               .attr('class', 'buttons');
+           case 'n':
+           case 'w':
+           case 'r':
+             capture = linkEntity(idType + capture);
+             break;
+           // some errors have more complex ID lists/variance
 
-           buttonEnter
-             .append('button')
-               .attr('class', 'button comment-button action')
-               .text(_t('QA.keepRight.save_comment'));
+           case '20':
+             capture = parse20(capture);
+             break;
 
-           buttonEnter
-             .append('button')
-               .attr('class', 'button close-button action');
+           case '211':
+             capture = parse211(capture);
+             break;
 
-           buttonEnter
-             .append('button')
-               .attr('class', 'button ignore-button action');
+           case '231':
+             capture = parse231(capture);
+             break;
 
-           // update
-           buttonSection = buttonSection
-             .merge(buttonEnter);
+           case '294':
+             capture = parse294(capture);
+             break;
 
-           buttonSection.select('.comment-button')
-             .attr('disabled', d => d.newComment ? null : true)
-             .on('click.comment', function(d) {
-               this.blur();    // avoid keeping focus on the button - #4641
-               const qaService = services.improveOSM;
-               if (qaService) {
-                 qaService.postUpdate(d, (err, item) => dispatch$1.call('change', item));
-               }
-             });
+           case '370':
+             capture = parse370(capture);
+             break;
+         }
 
-           buttonSection.select('.close-button')
-             .text(d => {
-               const andComment = (d.newComment ? '_comment' : '');
-               return _t(`QA.keepRight.close${andComment}`);
-             })
-             .on('click.close', function(d) {
-               this.blur();    // avoid keeping focus on the button - #4641
-               const qaService = services.improveOSM;
-               if (qaService) {
-                 d.newStatus = 'SOLVED';
-                 qaService.postUpdate(d, (err, item) => dispatch$1.call('change', item));
-               }
-             });
+         return capture;
 
-           buttonSection.select('.ignore-button')
-             .text(d => {
-               const andComment = (d.newComment ? '_comment' : '');
-               return _t(`QA.keepRight.ignore${andComment}`);
-             })
-             .on('click.ignore', function(d) {
-               this.blur();    // avoid keeping focus on the button - #4641
-               const qaService = services.improveOSM;
-               if (qaService) {
-                 d.newStatus = 'INVALID';
-                 qaService.postUpdate(d, (err, item) => dispatch$1.call('change', item));
-               }
-             });
+         function linkErrorObject(d) {
+           return "<a class=\"error_object_link\">".concat(d, "</a>");
          }
 
-         // NOTE: Don't change method name until UI v3 is merged
-         improveOsmEditor.error = function(val) {
-           if (!arguments.length) return _qaItem;
-           _qaItem = val;
-           return improveOsmEditor;
-         };
+         function linkEntity(d) {
+           return "<a class=\"error_entity_link\">".concat(d, "</a>");
+         }
 
-         return utilRebind(improveOsmEditor, dispatch$1, 'on');
-       }
+         function linkURL(d) {
+           return "<a class=\"kr_external_link\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"".concat(d, "\">").concat(d, "</a>");
+         } // arbitrary node list of form: #ID, #ID, #ID...
 
-       function uiKeepRightDetails(context) {
-         let _qaItem;
 
+         function parse211(capture) {
+           var newList = [];
+           var items = capture.split(', ');
+           items.forEach(function (item) {
+             // ID has # at the front
+             var id = linkEntity('n' + item.slice(1));
+             newList.push(id);
+           });
+           return newList.join(', ');
+         } // arbitrary way list of form: #ID(layer),#ID(layer),#ID(layer)...
 
-         function issueDetail(d) {
-           const { itemType, parentIssueType } = d;
-           const unknown = _t('inspector.unknown');
-           let replacements = d.replacements || {};
-           replacements.default = unknown;  // special key `default` works as a fallback string
 
-           let detail = _t(`QA.keepRight.errorTypes.${itemType}.description`, replacements);
-           if (detail === unknown) {
-             detail = _t(`QA.keepRight.errorTypes.${parentIssueType}.description`, replacements);
-           }
-           return detail;
-         }
+         function parse231(capture) {
+           var newList = []; // unfortunately 'layer' can itself contain commas, so we split on '),'
 
+           var items = capture.split('),');
+           items.forEach(function (item) {
+             var match = item.match(/\#(\d+)\((.+)\)?/);
 
-         function keepRightDetails(selection) {
-           const details = selection.selectAll('.error-details')
-             .data(
-               (_qaItem ? [_qaItem] : []),
-               d => `${d.id}-${d.status || 0}`
-             );
+             if (match !== null && match.length > 2) {
+               newList.push(linkEntity('w' + match[1]) + ' ' + _t('QA.keepRight.errorTypes.231.layer', {
+                 layer: match[2]
+               }));
+             }
+           });
+           return newList.join(', ');
+         } // arbitrary node/relation list of form: from node #ID,to relation #ID,to node #ID...
 
-           details.exit()
-             .remove();
-
-           const detailsEnter = details.enter()
-             .append('div')
-               .attr('class', 'error-details qa-details-container');
-
-           // description
-           const descriptionEnter = detailsEnter
-             .append('div')
-               .attr('class', 'qa-details-subsection');
-
-           descriptionEnter
-             .append('h4')
-               .text(() => _t('QA.keepRight.detail_description'));
-
-           descriptionEnter
-             .append('div')
-               .attr('class', 'qa-details-description-text')
-               .html(issueDetail);
-
-           // If there are entity links in the error message..
-           let relatedEntities = [];
-           descriptionEnter.selectAll('.error_entity_link, .error_object_link')
-             .each(function() {
-               const link = select(this);
-               const isObjectLink = link.classed('error_object_link');
-               const entityID = isObjectLink ?
-                 (utilEntityRoot(_qaItem.objectType) + _qaItem.objectId)
-                 : this.textContent;
-               const entity = context.hasEntity(entityID);
-
-               relatedEntities.push(entityID);
-
-               // Add click handler
-               link
-                 .on('mouseenter', () => {
-                   utilHighlightEntities([entityID], true, context);
-                 })
-                 .on('mouseleave', () => {
-                   utilHighlightEntities([entityID], false, context);
-                 })
-                 .on('click', () => {
-                   event.preventDefault();
 
-                   utilHighlightEntities([entityID], false, context);
+         function parse294(capture) {
+           var newList = [];
+           var items = capture.split(',');
+           items.forEach(function (item) {
+             // item of form "from/to node/relation #ID"
+             item = item.split(' '); // to/from role is more clear in quotes
 
-                   const osmlayer = context.layers().layer('osm');
-                   if (!osmlayer.enabled()) {
-                     osmlayer.enabled(true);
-                   }
+             var role = "\"".concat(item[0], "\""); // first letter of node/relation provides the type
 
-                   context.map().centerZoomEase(_qaItem.loc, 20);
+             var idType = item[1].slice(0, 1); // ID has # at the front
 
-                   if (entity) {
-                     context.enter(modeSelect(context, [entityID]));
-                   } else {
-                     context.loadEntity(entityID, () => {
-                       context.enter(modeSelect(context, [entityID]));
-                     });
-                   }
-                 });
+             var id = item[2].slice(1);
+             id = linkEntity(idType + id);
+             newList.push("".concat(role, " ").concat(item[1], " ").concat(id));
+           });
+           return newList.join(', ');
+         } // may or may not include the string "(including the name 'name')"
 
-               // Replace with friendly name if possible
-               // (The entity may not yet be loaded into the graph)
-               if (entity) {
-                 let name = utilDisplayName(entity);  // try to use common name
 
-                 if (!name && !isObjectLink) {
-                   const preset = _mainPresetIndex.match(entity, context.graph());
-                   name = preset && !preset.isFallback() && preset.name();  // fallback to preset name
-                 }
+         function parse370(capture) {
+           if (!capture) return '';
+           var match = capture.match(/\(including the name (\'.+\')\)/);
 
-                 if (name) {
-                   this.innerText = name;
-                 }
-               }
+           if (match && match.length) {
+             return _t('QA.keepRight.errorTypes.370.including_the_name', {
+               name: match[1]
              });
+           }
 
-           // Don't hide entities related to this issue - #5880
-           context.features().forceVisible(relatedEntities);
-           context.map().pan([0,0]);  // trigger a redraw
-         }
+           return '';
+         } // arbitrary node list of form: #ID,#ID,#ID...
 
-         keepRightDetails.issue = function(val) {
-           if (!arguments.length) return _qaItem;
-           _qaItem = val;
-           return keepRightDetails;
-         };
 
-         return keepRightDetails;
+         function parse20(capture) {
+           var newList = [];
+           var items = capture.split(',');
+           items.forEach(function (item) {
+             // ID has # at the front
+             var id = linkEntity('n' + item.slice(1));
+             newList.push(id);
+           });
+           return newList.join(', ');
+         }
        }
 
-       function uiKeepRightHeader() {
-         let _qaItem;
-
+       var serviceKeepRight = {
+         title: 'keepRight',
+         init: function init() {
+           _mainFileFetcher.get('keepRight').then(function (d) {
+             return _krData = d;
+           });
 
-         function issueTitle(d) {
-           const { itemType, parentIssueType } = d;
-           const unknown = _t('inspector.unknown');
-           let replacements = d.replacements || {};
-           replacements.default = unknown;  // special key `default` works as a fallback string
+           if (!_cache$2) {
+             this.reset();
+           }
 
-           let title = _t(`QA.keepRight.errorTypes.${itemType}.title`, replacements);
-           if (title === unknown) {
-             title = _t(`QA.keepRight.errorTypes.${parentIssueType}.title`, replacements);
+           this.event = utilRebind(this, dispatch$7, 'on');
+         },
+         reset: function reset() {
+           if (_cache$2) {
+             Object.values(_cache$2.inflightTile).forEach(abortRequest$6);
            }
-           return title;
-         }
 
+           _cache$2 = {
+             data: {},
+             loadedTile: {},
+             inflightTile: {},
+             inflightPost: {},
+             closed: {},
+             rtree: new RBush()
+           };
+         },
+         // KeepRight API:  http://osm.mueschelsoft.de/keepright/interfacing.php
+         loadIssues: function loadIssues(projection) {
+           var _this = this;
 
-         function keepRightHeader(selection) {
-           const header = selection.selectAll('.qa-header')
-             .data(
-               (_qaItem ? [_qaItem] : []),
-               d => `${d.id}-${d.status || 0}`
-             );
+           var options = {
+             format: 'geojson',
+             ch: _krRuleset
+           }; // determine the needed tiles to cover the view
 
-           header.exit()
-             .remove();
+           var tiles = tiler$6.zoomExtent([_tileZoom$3, _tileZoom$3]).getTiles(projection); // abort inflight requests that are no longer needed
 
-           const headerEnter = header.enter()
-             .append('div')
-               .attr('class', 'qa-header');
+           abortUnwantedRequests$3(_cache$2, tiles); // issue new requests..
 
-           const iconEnter = headerEnter
-             .append('div')
-               .attr('class', 'qa-header-icon')
-               .classed('new', d => d.id < 0);
+           tiles.forEach(function (tile) {
+             if (_cache$2.loadedTile[tile.id] || _cache$2.inflightTile[tile.id]) return;
 
-           iconEnter
-             .append('div')
-               .attr('class', d => `preset-icon-28 qaItem ${d.service} itemId-${d.id} itemType-${d.parentIssueType}`)
-               .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-bolt', 'qaItem-fill'));
+             var _tile$extent$rectangl = tile.extent.rectangle(),
+                 _tile$extent$rectangl2 = _slicedToArray(_tile$extent$rectangl, 4),
+                 left = _tile$extent$rectangl2[0],
+                 top = _tile$extent$rectangl2[1],
+                 right = _tile$extent$rectangl2[2],
+                 bottom = _tile$extent$rectangl2[3];
+
+             var params = Object.assign({}, options, {
+               left: left,
+               bottom: bottom,
+               right: right,
+               top: top
+             });
+             var url = "".concat(_krUrlRoot, "/export.php?") + utilQsString(params);
+             var controller = new AbortController();
+             _cache$2.inflightTile[tile.id] = controller;
+             d3_json(url, {
+               signal: controller.signal
+             }).then(function (data) {
+               delete _cache$2.inflightTile[tile.id];
+               _cache$2.loadedTile[tile.id] = true;
+
+               if (!data || !data.features || !data.features.length) {
+                 throw new Error('No Data');
+               }
+
+               data.features.forEach(function (feature) {
+                 var _feature$properties = feature.properties,
+                     itemType = _feature$properties.error_type,
+                     id = _feature$properties.error_id,
+                     _feature$properties$c = _feature$properties.comment,
+                     comment = _feature$properties$c === void 0 ? null : _feature$properties$c,
+                     objectId = _feature$properties.object_id,
+                     objectType = _feature$properties.object_type,
+                     schema = _feature$properties.schema,
+                     title = _feature$properties.title;
+                 var loc = feature.geometry.coordinates,
+                     _feature$properties$d = feature.properties.description,
+                     description = _feature$properties$d === void 0 ? '' : _feature$properties$d; // if there is a parent, save its error type e.g.:
+                 //  Error 191 = "highway-highway"
+                 //  Error 190 = "intersections without junctions"  (parent)
+
+                 var issueTemplate = _krData.errorTypes[itemType];
+                 var parentIssueType = (Math.floor(itemType / 10) * 10).toString(); // try to handle error type directly, fallback to parent error type.
+
+                 var whichType = issueTemplate ? itemType : parentIssueType;
+                 var whichTemplate = _krData.errorTypes[whichType]; // Rewrite a few of the errors at this point..
+                 // This is done to make them easier to linkify and translate.
+
+                 switch (whichType) {
+                   case '170':
+                     description = "This feature has a FIXME tag: ".concat(description);
+                     break;
 
-           headerEnter
-             .append('div')
-               .attr('class', 'qa-header-label')
-               .text(issueTitle);
-         }
+                   case '292':
+                   case '293':
+                     description = description.replace('A turn-', 'This turn-');
+                     break;
 
+                   case '294':
+                   case '295':
+                   case '296':
+                   case '297':
+                   case '298':
+                     description = "This turn-restriction~".concat(description);
+                     break;
 
-         keepRightHeader.issue = function(val) {
-           if (!arguments.length) return _qaItem;
-           _qaItem = val;
-           return keepRightHeader;
-         };
+                   case '300':
+                     description = 'This highway is missing a maxspeed tag';
+                     break;
 
-         return keepRightHeader;
-       }
+                   case '411':
+                   case '412':
+                   case '413':
+                     description = "This feature~".concat(description);
+                     break;
+                 } // move markers slightly so it doesn't obscure the geometry,
+                 // then move markers away from other coincident markers
+
+
+                 var coincident = false;
+
+                 do {
+                   // first time, move marker up. after that, move marker right.
+                   var delta = coincident ? [0.00001, 0] : [0, 0.00001];
+                   loc = geoVecAdd(loc, delta);
+                   var bbox = geoExtent(loc).bbox();
+                   coincident = _cache$2.rtree.search(bbox).length;
+                 } while (coincident);
+
+                 var d = new QAItem(loc, _this, itemType, id, {
+                   comment: comment,
+                   description: description,
+                   whichType: whichType,
+                   parentIssueType: parentIssueType,
+                   severity: whichTemplate.severity || 'error',
+                   objectId: objectId,
+                   objectType: objectType,
+                   schema: schema,
+                   title: title
+                 });
+                 d.replacements = tokenReplacements(d);
+                 _cache$2.data[id] = d;
 
-       function uiViewOnKeepRight() {
-         let _qaItem;
+                 _cache$2.rtree.insert(encodeIssueRtree$2(d));
+               });
+               dispatch$7.call('loaded');
+             })["catch"](function () {
+               delete _cache$2.inflightTile[tile.id];
+               _cache$2.loadedTile[tile.id] = true;
+             });
+           });
+         },
+         postUpdate: function postUpdate(d, callback) {
+           var _this2 = this;
 
-         function viewOnKeepRight(selection) {
-           let url;
-           if (services.keepRight && (_qaItem instanceof QAItem)) {
-             url = services.keepRight.issueURL(_qaItem);
+           if (_cache$2.inflightPost[d.id]) {
+             return callback({
+               message: 'Error update already inflight',
+               status: -2
+             }, d);
            }
 
-           const link = selection.selectAll('.view-on-keepRight')
-             .data(url ? [url] : []);
-
-           // exit
-           link.exit()
-             .remove();
+           var params = {
+             schema: d.schema,
+             id: d.id
+           };
 
-           // enter
-           const linkEnter = link.enter()
-             .append('a')
-               .attr('class', 'view-on-keepRight')
-               .attr('target', '_blank')
-               .attr('rel', 'noopener') // security measure
-               .attr('href', d => d)
-               .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-out-link', 'inline'));
+           if (d.newStatus) {
+             params.st = d.newStatus;
+           }
 
-           linkEnter
-             .append('span')
-               .text(_t('inspector.view_on_keepRight'));
-         }
+           if (d.newComment !== undefined) {
+             params.co = d.newComment;
+           } // NOTE: This throws a CORS err, but it seems successful.
+           // We don't care too much about the response, so this is fine.
 
-         viewOnKeepRight.what = function(val) {
-           if (!arguments.length) return _qaItem;
-           _qaItem = val;
-           return viewOnKeepRight;
-         };
 
-         return viewOnKeepRight;
-       }
+           var url = "".concat(_krUrlRoot, "/comment.php?") + utilQsString(params);
+           var controller = new AbortController();
+           _cache$2.inflightPost[d.id] = controller; // Since this is expected to throw an error just continue as if it worked
+           // (worst case scenario the request truly fails and issue will show up if iD restarts)
 
-       function uiKeepRightEditor(context) {
-         const dispatch$1 = dispatch('change');
-         const qaDetails = uiKeepRightDetails(context);
-         const qaHeader = uiKeepRightHeader();
+           d3_json(url, {
+             signal: controller.signal
+           })["finally"](function () {
+             delete _cache$2.inflightPost[d.id];
 
-         let _qaItem;
+             if (d.newStatus === 'ignore') {
+               // ignore permanently (false positive)
+               _this2.removeItem(d);
+             } else if (d.newStatus === 'ignore_t') {
+               // ignore temporarily (error fixed)
+               _this2.removeItem(d);
 
-         function keepRightEditor(selection) {
+               _cache$2.closed["".concat(d.schema, ":").concat(d.id)] = true;
+             } else {
+               d = _this2.replaceItem(d.update({
+                 comment: d.newComment,
+                 newComment: undefined,
+                 newState: undefined
+               }));
+             }
 
-           const headerEnter = selection.selectAll('.header')
-             .data([0])
-             .enter()
-             .append('div')
-               .attr('class', 'header fillL');
+             if (callback) callback(null, d);
+           });
+         },
+         // Get all cached QAItems covering the viewport
+         getItems: function getItems(projection) {
+           var viewport = projection.clipExtent();
+           var min = [viewport[0][0], viewport[1][1]];
+           var max = [viewport[1][0], viewport[0][1]];
+           var bbox = geoExtent(projection.invert(min), projection.invert(max)).bbox();
+           return _cache$2.rtree.search(bbox).map(function (d) {
+             return d.data;
+           });
+         },
+         // Get a QAItem from cache
+         // NOTE: Don't change method name until UI v3 is merged
+         getError: function getError(id) {
+           return _cache$2.data[id];
+         },
+         // Replace a single QAItem in the cache
+         replaceItem: function replaceItem(item) {
+           if (!(item instanceof QAItem) || !item.id) return;
+           _cache$2.data[item.id] = item;
+           updateRtree$3(encodeIssueRtree$2(item), true); // true = replace
 
-           headerEnter
-             .append('button')
-               .attr('class', 'close')
-               .on('click', () => context.enter(modeBrowse(context)))
-               .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-close'));
+           return item;
+         },
+         // Remove a single QAItem from the cache
+         removeItem: function removeItem(item) {
+           if (!(item instanceof QAItem) || !item.id) return;
+           delete _cache$2.data[item.id];
+           updateRtree$3(encodeIssueRtree$2(item), false); // false = remove
+         },
+         issueURL: function issueURL(item) {
+           return "".concat(_krUrlRoot, "/report_map.php?schema=").concat(item.schema, "&error=").concat(item.id);
+         },
+         // Get an array of issues closed during this session.
+         // Used to populate `closed:keepright` changeset tag
+         getClosedIDs: function getClosedIDs() {
+           return Object.keys(_cache$2.closed).sort();
+         }
+       };
 
-           headerEnter
-             .append('h3')
-               .text(_t('QA.keepRight.title'));
+       var tiler$5 = utilTiler();
+       var dispatch$6 = dispatch$8('loaded');
+       var _tileZoom$2 = 14;
+       var _impOsmUrls = {
+         ow: 'https://grab.community.improve-osm.org/directionOfFlowService',
+         mr: 'https://grab.community.improve-osm.org/missingGeoService',
+         tr: 'https://grab.community.improve-osm.org/turnRestrictionService'
+       };
+       var _impOsmData = {
+         icons: {}
+       }; // This gets reassigned if reset
 
+       var _cache$1;
 
-           let body = selection.selectAll('.body')
-             .data([0]);
+       function abortRequest$5(i) {
+         Object.values(i).forEach(function (controller) {
+           if (controller) {
+             controller.abort();
+           }
+         });
+       }
 
-           body = body.enter()
-             .append('div')
-               .attr('class', 'body')
-             .merge(body);
+       function abortUnwantedRequests$2(cache, tiles) {
+         Object.keys(cache.inflightTile).forEach(function (k) {
+           var wanted = tiles.find(function (tile) {
+             return k === tile.id;
+           });
 
-           const editor = body.selectAll('.qa-editor')
-             .data([0]);
+           if (!wanted) {
+             abortRequest$5(cache.inflightTile[k]);
+             delete cache.inflightTile[k];
+           }
+         });
+       }
 
-           editor.enter()
-             .append('div')
-               .attr('class', 'modal-section qa-editor')
-             .merge(editor)
-               .call(qaHeader.issue(_qaItem))
-               .call(qaDetails.issue(_qaItem))
-               .call(keepRightSaveSection);
+       function encodeIssueRtree$1(d) {
+         return {
+           minX: d.loc[0],
+           minY: d.loc[1],
+           maxX: d.loc[0],
+           maxY: d.loc[1],
+           data: d
+         };
+       } // Replace or remove QAItem from rtree
 
 
-           const footer = selection.selectAll('.footer')
-             .data([0]);
+       function updateRtree$2(item, replace) {
+         _cache$1.rtree.remove(item, function (a, b) {
+           return a.data.id === b.data.id;
+         });
 
-           footer.enter()
-             .append('div')
-             .attr('class', 'footer')
-             .merge(footer)
-             .call(uiViewOnKeepRight().what(_qaItem));
+         if (replace) {
+           _cache$1.rtree.insert(item);
          }
+       }
 
+       function linkErrorObject(d) {
+         return "<a class=\"error_object_link\">".concat(d, "</a>");
+       }
 
-         function keepRightSaveSection(selection) {
-           const isSelected = (_qaItem && _qaItem.id === context.selectedErrorID());
-           const isShown = (_qaItem && (isSelected || _qaItem.newComment || _qaItem.comment));
-           let saveSection = selection.selectAll('.qa-save')
-             .data(
-               (isShown ? [_qaItem] : []),
-               d => `${d.id}-${d.status || 0}`
-             );
+       function linkEntity(d) {
+         return "<a class=\"error_entity_link\">".concat(d, "</a>");
+       }
 
-           // exit
-           saveSection.exit()
-             .remove();
+       function pointAverage(points) {
+         if (points.length) {
+           var sum = points.reduce(function (acc, point) {
+             return geoVecAdd(acc, [point.lon, point.lat]);
+           }, [0, 0]);
+           return geoVecScale(sum, 1 / points.length);
+         } else {
+           return [0, 0];
+         }
+       }
 
-           // enter
-           const saveSectionEnter = saveSection.enter()
-             .append('div')
-               .attr('class', 'qa-save save-section cf');
-
-           saveSectionEnter
-             .append('h4')
-               .attr('class', '.qa-save-header')
-               .text(_t('QA.keepRight.comment'));
-
-           saveSectionEnter
-             .append('textarea')
-               .attr('class', 'new-comment-input')
-               .attr('placeholder', _t('QA.keepRight.comment_placeholder'))
-               .attr('maxlength', 1000)
-               .property('value', d => d.newComment || d.comment)
-               .call(utilNoAuto)
-               .on('input', changeInput)
-               .on('blur', changeInput);
+       function relativeBearing(p1, p2) {
+         var angle = Math.atan2(p2.lon - p1.lon, p2.lat - p1.lat);
 
-           // update
-           saveSection = saveSectionEnter
-             .merge(saveSection)
-               .call(qaSaveButtons);
+         if (angle < 0) {
+           angle += 2 * Math.PI;
+         } // Return degrees
 
-           function changeInput() {
-             const input = select(this);
-             let val = input.property('value').trim();
 
-             if (val === _qaItem.comment) {
-               val = undefined;
-             }
+         return angle * 180 / Math.PI;
+       } // Assuming range [0,360)
 
-             // store the unsaved comment with the issue itself
-             _qaItem = _qaItem.update({ newComment: val });
 
-             const qaService = services.keepRight;
-             if (qaService) {
-               qaService.replaceItem(_qaItem);  // update keepright cache
-             }
+       function cardinalDirection(bearing) {
+         var dir = 45 * Math.round(bearing / 45);
+         var compass = {
+           0: 'north',
+           45: 'northeast',
+           90: 'east',
+           135: 'southeast',
+           180: 'south',
+           225: 'southwest',
+           270: 'west',
+           315: 'northwest',
+           360: 'north'
+         };
+         return _t("QA.improveOSM.directions.".concat(compass[dir]));
+       } // Errors shouldn't obscure each other
 
-             saveSection
-               .call(qaSaveButtons);
-           }
-         }
 
+       function preventCoincident$1(loc, bumpUp) {
+         var coincident = false;
 
-         function qaSaveButtons(selection) {
-           const isSelected = (_qaItem && _qaItem.id === context.selectedErrorID());
-           let buttonSection = selection.selectAll('.buttons')
-             .data((isSelected ? [_qaItem] : []), d => d.status + d.id);
+         do {
+           // first time, move marker up. after that, move marker right.
+           var delta = coincident ? [0.00001, 0] : bumpUp ? [0, 0.00001] : [0, 0];
+           loc = geoVecAdd(loc, delta);
+           var bbox = geoExtent(loc).bbox();
+           coincident = _cache$1.rtree.search(bbox).length;
+         } while (coincident);
 
-           // exit
-           buttonSection.exit()
-             .remove();
+         return loc;
+       }
 
-           // enter
-           const buttonEnter = buttonSection.enter()
-             .append('div')
-               .attr('class', 'buttons');
+       var serviceImproveOSM = {
+         title: 'improveOSM',
+         init: function init() {
+           _mainFileFetcher.get('qa_data').then(function (d) {
+             return _impOsmData = d.improveOSM;
+           });
 
-           buttonEnter
-             .append('button')
-               .attr('class', 'button comment-button action')
-               .text(_t('QA.keepRight.save_comment'));
+           if (!_cache$1) {
+             this.reset();
+           }
 
-           buttonEnter
-             .append('button')
-               .attr('class', 'button close-button action');
+           this.event = utilRebind(this, dispatch$6, 'on');
+         },
+         reset: function reset() {
+           if (_cache$1) {
+             Object.values(_cache$1.inflightTile).forEach(abortRequest$5);
+           }
 
-           buttonEnter
-             .append('button')
-               .attr('class', 'button ignore-button action');
+           _cache$1 = {
+             data: {},
+             loadedTile: {},
+             inflightTile: {},
+             inflightPost: {},
+             closed: {},
+             rtree: new RBush()
+           };
+         },
+         loadIssues: function loadIssues(projection) {
+           var _this = this;
 
-           // update
-           buttonSection = buttonSection
-             .merge(buttonEnter);
+           var options = {
+             client: 'iD',
+             status: 'OPEN',
+             zoom: '19' // Use a high zoom so that clusters aren't returned
 
-           buttonSection.select('.comment-button')   // select and propagate data
-             .attr('disabled', d => d.newComment ? null : true)
-             .on('click.comment', function(d) {
-               this.blur();    // avoid keeping focus on the button - #4641
-               const qaService = services.keepRight;
-               if (qaService) {
-                 qaService.postUpdate(d, (err, item) => dispatch$1.call('change', item));
-               }
-             });
+           }; // determine the needed tiles to cover the view
 
-           buttonSection.select('.close-button')   // select and propagate data
-             .text(d => {
-               const andComment = (d.newComment ? '_comment' : '');
-               return _t(`QA.keepRight.close${andComment}`);
-             })
-             .on('click.close', function(d) {
-               this.blur();    // avoid keeping focus on the button - #4641
-               const qaService = services.keepRight;
-               if (qaService) {
-                 d.newStatus = 'ignore_t';   // ignore temporarily (item fixed)
-                 qaService.postUpdate(d, (err, item) => dispatch$1.call('change', item));
-               }
-             });
+           var tiles = tiler$5.zoomExtent([_tileZoom$2, _tileZoom$2]).getTiles(projection); // abort inflight requests that are no longer needed
 
-           buttonSection.select('.ignore-button')   // select and propagate data
-             .text(d => {
-               const andComment = (d.newComment ? '_comment' : '');
-               return _t(`QA.keepRight.ignore${andComment}`);
-             })
-             .on('click.ignore', function(d) {
-               this.blur();    // avoid keeping focus on the button - #4641
-               const qaService = services.keepRight;
-               if (qaService) {
-                 d.newStatus = 'ignore';   // ignore permanently (false positive)
-                 qaService.postUpdate(d, (err, item) => dispatch$1.call('change', item));
-               }
-             });
-         }
+           abortUnwantedRequests$2(_cache$1, tiles); // issue new requests..
 
-         // NOTE: Don't change method name until UI v3 is merged
-         keepRightEditor.error = function(val) {
-           if (!arguments.length) return _qaItem;
-           _qaItem = val;
-           return keepRightEditor;
-         };
+           tiles.forEach(function (tile) {
+             if (_cache$1.loadedTile[tile.id] || _cache$1.inflightTile[tile.id]) return;
 
-         return utilRebind(keepRightEditor, dispatch$1, 'on');
-       }
+             var _tile$extent$rectangl = tile.extent.rectangle(),
+                 _tile$extent$rectangl2 = _slicedToArray(_tile$extent$rectangl, 4),
+                 east = _tile$extent$rectangl2[0],
+                 north = _tile$extent$rectangl2[1],
+                 west = _tile$extent$rectangl2[2],
+                 south = _tile$extent$rectangl2[3];
+
+             var params = Object.assign({}, options, {
+               east: east,
+               south: south,
+               west: west,
+               north: north
+             }); // 3 separate requests to store for each tile
+
+             var requests = {};
+             Object.keys(_impOsmUrls).forEach(function (k) {
+               // We exclude WATER from missing geometry as it doesn't seem useful
+               // We use most confident one-way and turn restrictions only, still have false positives
+               var kParams = Object.assign({}, params, k === 'mr' ? {
+                 type: 'PARKING,ROAD,BOTH,PATH'
+               } : {
+                 confidenceLevel: 'C1'
+               });
+               var url = "".concat(_impOsmUrls[k], "/search?") + utilQsString(kParams);
+               var controller = new AbortController();
+               requests[k] = controller;
+               d3_json(url, {
+                 signal: controller.signal
+               }).then(function (data) {
+                 delete _cache$1.inflightTile[tile.id][k];
+
+                 if (!Object.keys(_cache$1.inflightTile[tile.id]).length) {
+                   delete _cache$1.inflightTile[tile.id];
+                   _cache$1.loadedTile[tile.id] = true;
+                 } // Road segments at high zoom == oneways
+
+
+                 if (data.roadSegments) {
+                   data.roadSegments.forEach(function (feature) {
+                     // Position error at the approximate middle of the segment
+                     var points = feature.points,
+                         wayId = feature.wayId,
+                         fromNodeId = feature.fromNodeId,
+                         toNodeId = feature.toNodeId;
+                     var itemId = "".concat(wayId).concat(fromNodeId).concat(toNodeId);
+                     var mid = points.length / 2;
+                     var loc; // Even number of points, find midpoint of the middle two
+                     // Odd number of points, use position of very middle point
+
+                     if (mid % 1 === 0) {
+                       loc = pointAverage([points[mid - 1], points[mid]]);
+                     } else {
+                       mid = points[Math.floor(mid)];
+                       loc = [mid.lon, mid.lat];
+                     } // One-ways can land on same segment in opposite direction
+
+
+                     loc = preventCoincident$1(loc, false);
+                     var d = new QAItem(loc, _this, k, itemId, {
+                       issueKey: k,
+                       // used as a category
+                       identifier: {
+                         // used to post changes
+                         wayId: wayId,
+                         fromNodeId: fromNodeId,
+                         toNodeId: toNodeId
+                       },
+                       objectId: wayId,
+                       objectType: 'way'
+                     }); // Variables used in the description
+
+                     d.replacements = {
+                       percentage: feature.percentOfTrips,
+                       num_trips: feature.numberOfTrips,
+                       highway: linkErrorObject(_t('QA.keepRight.error_parts.highway')),
+                       from_node: linkEntity('n' + feature.fromNodeId),
+                       to_node: linkEntity('n' + feature.toNodeId)
+                     };
+                     _cache$1.data[d.id] = d;
+
+                     _cache$1.rtree.insert(encodeIssueRtree$1(d));
+                   });
+                 } // Tiles at high zoom == missing roads
+
+
+                 if (data.tiles) {
+                   data.tiles.forEach(function (feature) {
+                     var type = feature.type,
+                         x = feature.x,
+                         y = feature.y,
+                         numberOfTrips = feature.numberOfTrips;
+                     var geoType = type.toLowerCase();
+                     var itemId = "".concat(geoType).concat(x).concat(y).concat(numberOfTrips); // Average of recorded points should land on the missing geometry
+                     // Missing geometry could happen to land on another error
+
+                     var loc = pointAverage(feature.points);
+                     loc = preventCoincident$1(loc, false);
+                     var d = new QAItem(loc, _this, "".concat(k, "-").concat(geoType), itemId, {
+                       issueKey: k,
+                       identifier: {
+                         x: x,
+                         y: y
+                       }
+                     });
+                     d.replacements = {
+                       num_trips: numberOfTrips,
+                       geometry_type: _t("QA.improveOSM.geometry_types.".concat(geoType))
+                     }; // -1 trips indicates data came from a 3rd party
 
-       function uiOsmoseDetails(context) {
-         let _qaItem;
+                     if (numberOfTrips === -1) {
+                       d.desc = _t('QA.improveOSM.error_types.mr.description_alt', d.replacements);
+                     }
 
-         function issueString(d, type) {
-           if (!d) return '';
+                     _cache$1.data[d.id] = d;
 
-           // Issue strings are cached from Osmose API
-           const s = services.osmose.getStrings(d.itemType);
-           return (type in s) ? s[type] : '';
-         }
+                     _cache$1.rtree.insert(encodeIssueRtree$1(d));
+                   });
+                 } // Entities at high zoom == turn restrictions
+
+
+                 if (data.entities) {
+                   data.entities.forEach(function (feature) {
+                     var point = feature.point,
+                         id = feature.id,
+                         segments = feature.segments,
+                         numberOfPasses = feature.numberOfPasses,
+                         turnType = feature.turnType;
+                     var itemId = "".concat(id.replace(/[,:+#]/g, '_')); // Turn restrictions could be missing at same junction
+                     // We also want to bump the error up so node is accessible
+
+                     var loc = preventCoincident$1([point.lon, point.lat], true); // Elements are presented in a strange way
+
+                     var ids = id.split(',');
+                     var from_way = ids[0];
+                     var via_node = ids[3];
+                     var to_way = ids[2].split(':')[1];
+                     var d = new QAItem(loc, _this, k, itemId, {
+                       issueKey: k,
+                       identifier: id,
+                       objectId: via_node,
+                       objectType: 'node'
+                     }); // Travel direction along from_way clarifies the turn restriction
+
+                     var _segments$0$points = _slicedToArray(segments[0].points, 2),
+                         p1 = _segments$0$points[0],
+                         p2 = _segments$0$points[1];
+
+                     var dir_of_travel = cardinalDirection(relativeBearing(p1, p2)); // Variables used in the description
+
+                     d.replacements = {
+                       num_passed: numberOfPasses,
+                       num_trips: segments[0].numberOfTrips,
+                       turn_restriction: turnType.toLowerCase(),
+                       from_way: linkEntity('w' + from_way),
+                       to_way: linkEntity('w' + to_way),
+                       travel_direction: dir_of_travel,
+                       junction: linkErrorObject(_t('QA.keepRight.error_parts.this_node'))
+                     };
+                     _cache$1.data[d.id] = d;
+
+                     _cache$1.rtree.insert(encodeIssueRtree$1(d));
+
+                     dispatch$6.call('loaded');
+                   });
+                 }
+               })["catch"](function () {
+                 delete _cache$1.inflightTile[tile.id][k];
 
+                 if (!Object.keys(_cache$1.inflightTile[tile.id]).length) {
+                   delete _cache$1.inflightTile[tile.id];
+                   _cache$1.loadedTile[tile.id] = true;
+                 }
+               });
+             });
+             _cache$1.inflightTile[tile.id] = requests;
+           });
+         },
+         getComments: function getComments(item) {
+           var _this2 = this;
 
-         function osmoseDetails(selection) {
-           const details = selection.selectAll('.error-details')
-             .data(
-               _qaItem ? [_qaItem] : [],
-               d => `${d.id}-${d.status || 0}`
-             );
+           // If comments already retrieved no need to do so again
+           if (item.comments) {
+             return Promise.resolve(item);
+           }
 
-           details.exit()
-             .remove();
+           var key = item.issueKey;
+           var qParams = {};
 
-           const detailsEnter = details.enter()
-             .append('div')
-               .attr('class', 'error-details qa-details-container');
+           if (key === 'ow') {
+             qParams = item.identifier;
+           } else if (key === 'mr') {
+             qParams.tileX = item.identifier.x;
+             qParams.tileY = item.identifier.y;
+           } else if (key === 'tr') {
+             qParams.targetId = item.identifier;
+           }
 
+           var url = "".concat(_impOsmUrls[key], "/retrieveComments?") + utilQsString(qParams);
 
-           // Description
-           if (issueString(_qaItem, 'detail')) {
-             const div = detailsEnter
-               .append('div')
-                 .attr('class', 'qa-details-subsection');
+           var cacheComments = function cacheComments(data) {
+             // Assign directly for immediate use afterwards
+             // comments are served newest to oldest
+             item.comments = data.comments ? data.comments.reverse() : [];
 
-             div
-               .append('h4')
-                 .text(() => _t('QA.keepRight.detail_description'));
+             _this2.replaceItem(item);
+           };
 
-             div
-               .append('p')
-                 .attr('class', 'qa-details-description-text')
-                 .html(d => issueString(d, 'detail'))
-               .selectAll('a')
-                 .attr('rel', 'noopener')
-                 .attr('target', '_blank');
+           return d3_json(url).then(cacheComments).then(function () {
+             return item;
+           });
+         },
+         postUpdate: function postUpdate(d, callback) {
+           if (!serviceOsm.authenticated()) {
+             // Username required in payload
+             return callback({
+               message: 'Not Authenticated',
+               status: -3
+             }, d);
            }
 
-           // Elements (populated later as data is requested)
-           const detailsDiv = detailsEnter
-             .append('div')
-               .attr('class', 'qa-details-subsection');
+           if (_cache$1.inflightPost[d.id]) {
+             return callback({
+               message: 'Error update already inflight',
+               status: -2
+             }, d);
+           } // Payload can only be sent once username is established
 
-           const elemsDiv = detailsEnter
-             .append('div')
-               .attr('class', 'qa-details-subsection');
 
-           // Suggested Fix (musn't exist for every issue type)
-           if (issueString(_qaItem, 'fix')) {
-             const div = detailsEnter
-               .append('div')
-                 .attr('class', 'qa-details-subsection');
+           serviceOsm.userDetails(sendPayload.bind(this));
 
-             div
-               .append('h4')
-                 .text(() => _t('QA.osmose.fix_title'));
+           function sendPayload(err, user) {
+             var _this3 = this;
 
-             div
-               .append('p')
-                 .html(d => issueString(d, 'fix'))
-               .selectAll('a')
-                 .attr('rel', 'noopener')
-                 .attr('target', '_blank');
-           }
+             if (err) {
+               return callback(err, d);
+             }
 
-           // Common Pitfalls (musn't exist for every issue type)
-           if (issueString(_qaItem, 'trap')) {
-             const div = detailsEnter
-               .append('div')
-                 .attr('class', 'qa-details-subsection');
-
-             div
-               .append('h4')
-                 .text(() => _t('QA.osmose.trap_title'));
-
-             div
-               .append('p')
-                 .html(d => issueString(d, 'trap'))
-               .selectAll('a')
-                 .attr('rel', 'noopener')
-                 .attr('target', '_blank');
-           }
-
-           // Save current item to check if UI changed by time request resolves
-           const thisItem = _qaItem;
-           services.osmose.loadIssueDetail(_qaItem)
-             .then(d => {
-               // No details to add if there are no associated issue elements
-               if (!d.elems || d.elems.length === 0) return;
-
-               // Do nothing if UI has moved on by the time this resolves
-               if (
-                 context.selectedErrorID() !== thisItem.id
-                 && context.container().selectAll(`.qaItem.osmose.hover.itemId-${thisItem.id}`).empty()
-               ) return;
-
-               // Things like keys and values are dynamically added to a subtitle string
-               if (d.detail) {
-                 detailsDiv
-                   .append('h4')
-                     .text(() => _t('QA.osmose.detail_title'));
-
-                 detailsDiv
-                   .append('p')
-                     .html(d => d.detail)
-                   .selectAll('a')
-                     .attr('rel', 'noopener')
-                     .attr('target', '_blank');
-               }
-
-               // Create list of linked issue elements
-               elemsDiv
-                 .append('h4')
-                   .text(() => _t('QA.osmose.elems_title'));
-
-               elemsDiv
-                 .append('ul').selectAll('li')
-                 .data(d.elems)
-                 .enter()
-                 .append('li')
-                 .append('a')
-                   .attr('class', 'error_entity_link')
-                   .text(d => d)
-                   .each(function() {
-                     const link = select(this);
-                     const entityID = this.textContent;
-                     const entity = context.hasEntity(entityID);
-
-                     // Add click handler
-                     link
-                       .on('mouseenter', () => {
-                         utilHighlightEntities([entityID], true, context);
-                       })
-                       .on('mouseleave', () => {
-                         utilHighlightEntities([entityID], false, context);
-                       })
-                       .on('click', () => {
-                         event.preventDefault();
+             var key = d.issueKey;
+             var url = "".concat(_impOsmUrls[key], "/comment");
+             var payload = {
+               username: user.display_name,
+               targetIds: [d.identifier]
+             };
 
-                         utilHighlightEntities([entityID], false, context);
+             if (d.newStatus) {
+               payload.status = d.newStatus;
+               payload.text = 'status changed';
+             } // Comment take place of default text
 
-                         const osmlayer = context.layers().layer('osm');
-                         if (!osmlayer.enabled()) {
-                           osmlayer.enabled(true);
-                         }
 
-                         context.map().centerZoom(d.loc, 20);
+             if (d.newComment) {
+               payload.text = d.newComment;
+             }
 
-                         if (entity) {
-                           context.enter(modeSelect(context, [entityID]));
-                         } else {
-                           context.loadEntity(entityID, () => {
-                             context.enter(modeSelect(context, [entityID]));
-                           });
-                         }
-                       });
+             var controller = new AbortController();
+             _cache$1.inflightPost[d.id] = controller;
+             var options = {
+               method: 'POST',
+               signal: controller.signal,
+               body: JSON.stringify(payload)
+             };
+             d3_json(url, options).then(function () {
+               delete _cache$1.inflightPost[d.id]; // Just a comment, update error in cache
+
+               if (!d.newStatus) {
+                 var now = new Date();
+                 var comments = d.comments ? d.comments : [];
+                 comments.push({
+                   username: payload.username,
+                   text: payload.text,
+                   timestamp: now.getTime() / 1000
+                 });
 
-                     // Replace with friendly name if possible
-                     // (The entity may not yet be loaded into the graph)
-                     if (entity) {
-                       let name = utilDisplayName(entity);  // try to use common name
+                 _this3.replaceItem(d.update({
+                   comments: comments,
+                   newComment: undefined
+                 }));
+               } else {
+                 _this3.removeItem(d);
 
-                       if (!name) {
-                         const preset = _mainPresetIndex.match(entity, context.graph());
-                         name = preset && !preset.isFallback() && preset.name();  // fallback to preset name
-                       }
+                 if (d.newStatus === 'SOLVED') {
+                   // Keep track of the number of issues closed per type to tag the changeset
+                   if (!(d.issueKey in _cache$1.closed)) {
+                     _cache$1.closed[d.issueKey] = 0;
+                   }
 
-                       if (name) {
-                         this.innerText = name;
-                       }
-                     }
-                   });
+                   _cache$1.closed[d.issueKey] += 1;
+                 }
+               }
 
-               // Don't hide entities related to this issue - #5880
-               context.features().forceVisible(d.elems);
-               context.map().pan([0,0]);  // trigger a redraw
-             })
-             .catch(err => {
-               console.log(err); // eslint-disable-line no-console
+               if (callback) callback(null, d);
+             })["catch"](function (err) {
+               delete _cache$1.inflightPost[d.id];
+               if (callback) callback(err.message);
              });
-         }
+           }
+         },
+         // Get all cached QAItems covering the viewport
+         getItems: function getItems(projection) {
+           var viewport = projection.clipExtent();
+           var min = [viewport[0][0], viewport[1][1]];
+           var max = [viewport[1][0], viewport[0][1]];
+           var bbox = geoExtent(projection.invert(min), projection.invert(max)).bbox();
+           return _cache$1.rtree.search(bbox).map(function (d) {
+             return d.data;
+           });
+         },
+         // Get a QAItem from cache
+         // NOTE: Don't change method name until UI v3 is merged
+         getError: function getError(id) {
+           return _cache$1.data[id];
+         },
+         // get the name of the icon to display for this item
+         getIcon: function getIcon(itemType) {
+           return _impOsmData.icons[itemType];
+         },
+         // Replace a single QAItem in the cache
+         replaceItem: function replaceItem(issue) {
+           if (!(issue instanceof QAItem) || !issue.id) return;
+           _cache$1.data[issue.id] = issue;
+           updateRtree$2(encodeIssueRtree$1(issue), true); // true = replace
 
+           return issue;
+         },
+         // Remove a single QAItem from the cache
+         removeItem: function removeItem(issue) {
+           if (!(issue instanceof QAItem) || !issue.id) return;
+           delete _cache$1.data[issue.id];
+           updateRtree$2(encodeIssueRtree$1(issue), false); // false = remove
+         },
+         // Used to populate `closed:improveosm:*` changeset tags
+         getClosedCounts: function getClosedCounts() {
+           return _cache$1.closed;
+         }
+       };
 
-         osmoseDetails.issue = function(val) {
-           if (!arguments.length) return _qaItem;
-           _qaItem = val;
-           return osmoseDetails;
+       var defaults$5 = createCommonjsModule(function (module) {
+         function getDefaults() {
+           return {
+             baseUrl: null,
+             breaks: false,
+             gfm: true,
+             headerIds: true,
+             headerPrefix: '',
+             highlight: null,
+             langPrefix: 'language-',
+             mangle: true,
+             pedantic: false,
+             renderer: null,
+             sanitize: false,
+             sanitizer: null,
+             silent: false,
+             smartLists: false,
+             smartypants: false,
+             tokenizer: null,
+             walkTokens: null,
+             xhtml: false
+           };
+         }
+
+         function changeDefaults(newDefaults) {
+           module.exports.defaults = newDefaults;
+         }
+
+         module.exports = {
+           defaults: getDefaults(),
+           getDefaults: getDefaults,
+           changeDefaults: changeDefaults
          };
+       });
 
+       /**
+        * Helpers
+        */
+       var escapeTest = /[&<>"']/;
+       var escapeReplace = /[&<>"']/g;
+       var escapeTestNoEncode = /[<>"']|&(?!#?\w+;)/;
+       var escapeReplaceNoEncode = /[<>"']|&(?!#?\w+;)/g;
+       var escapeReplacements = {
+         '&': '&amp;',
+         '<': '&lt;',
+         '>': '&gt;',
+         '"': '&quot;',
+         "'": '&#39;'
+       };
 
-         return osmoseDetails;
-       }
-
-       function uiOsmoseHeader() {
-         let _qaItem;
-
-         function issueTitle(d) {
-           const unknown = _t('inspector.unknown');
-
-           if (!d) return unknown;
+       var getEscapeReplacement = function getEscapeReplacement(ch) {
+         return escapeReplacements[ch];
+       };
 
-           // Issue titles supplied by Osmose
-           const s = services.osmose.getStrings(d.itemType);
-           return ('title' in s) ? s.title : unknown;
+       function escape$3(html, encode) {
+         if (encode) {
+           if (escapeTest.test(html)) {
+             return html.replace(escapeReplace, getEscapeReplacement);
+           }
+         } else {
+           if (escapeTestNoEncode.test(html)) {
+             return html.replace(escapeReplaceNoEncode, getEscapeReplacement);
+           }
          }
 
-         function osmoseHeader(selection) {
-           const header = selection.selectAll('.qa-header')
-             .data(
-               (_qaItem ? [_qaItem] : []),
-               d => `${d.id}-${d.status || 0}`
-             );
+         return html;
+       }
 
-           header.exit()
-             .remove();
-
-           const headerEnter = header.enter()
-             .append('div')
-               .attr('class', 'qa-header');
-
-           const svgEnter = headerEnter
-             .append('div')
-               .attr('class', 'qa-header-icon')
-               .classed('new', d => d.id < 0)
-             .append('svg')
-               .attr('width', '20px')
-               .attr('height', '30px')
-               .attr('viewbox', '0 0 20 30')
-               .attr('class', d => `preset-icon-28 qaItem ${d.service} itemId-${d.id} itemType-${d.itemType}`);
-
-           svgEnter
-             .append('polygon')
-               .attr('fill', d => services.osmose.getColor(d.item))
-               .attr('class', 'qaItem-fill')
-               .attr('points', '16,3 4,3 1,6 1,17 4,20 7,20 10,27 13,20 16,20 19,17.033 19,6');
-
-           svgEnter
-             .append('use')
-               .attr('class', 'icon-annotation')
-               .attr('width', '13px')
-               .attr('height', '13px')
-               .attr('transform', 'translate(3.5, 5)')
-               .attr('xlink:href', d => {
-                 const picon = d.icon;
-
-                 if (!picon) {
-                   return '';
-                 } else {
-                   const isMaki = /^maki-/.test(picon);
-                   return `#${picon}${isMaki ? '-11' : ''}`;
-                 }
-               });
+       var unescapeTest = /&(#(?:\d+)|(?:#x[0-9A-Fa-f]+)|(?:\w+));?/ig;
 
-           headerEnter
-             .append('div')
-               .attr('class', 'qa-header-label')
-               .text(issueTitle);
-         }
+       function unescape$2(html) {
+         // explicitly match decimal, hex, and named HTML entities
+         return html.replace(unescapeTest, function (_, n) {
+           n = n.toLowerCase();
+           if (n === 'colon') return ':';
 
-         osmoseHeader.issue = function(val) {
-           if (!arguments.length) return _qaItem;
-           _qaItem = val;
-           return osmoseHeader;
-         };
+           if (n.charAt(0) === '#') {
+             return n.charAt(1) === 'x' ? String.fromCharCode(parseInt(n.substring(2), 16)) : String.fromCharCode(+n.substring(1));
+           }
 
-         return osmoseHeader;
+           return '';
+         });
        }
 
-       function uiViewOnOsmose() {
-         let _qaItem;
+       var caret = /(^|[^\[])\^/g;
 
-         function viewOnOsmose(selection) {
-           let url;
-           if (services.osmose && (_qaItem instanceof QAItem)) {
-             url = services.osmose.itemURL(_qaItem);
+       function edit$1(regex, opt) {
+         regex = regex.source || regex;
+         opt = opt || '';
+         var obj = {
+           replace: function replace(name, val) {
+             val = val.source || val;
+             val = val.replace(caret, '$1');
+             regex = regex.replace(name, val);
+             return obj;
+           },
+           getRegex: function getRegex() {
+             return new RegExp(regex, opt);
            }
+         };
+         return obj;
+       }
+
+       var nonWordAndColonTest = /[^\w:]/g;
+       var originIndependentUrl = /^$|^[a-z][a-z0-9+.-]*:|^[?#]/i;
 
-           const link = selection.selectAll('.view-on-osmose')
-             .data(url ? [url] : []);
+       function cleanUrl$1(sanitize, base, href) {
+         if (sanitize) {
+           var prot;
 
-           // exit
-           link.exit()
-             .remove();
+           try {
+             prot = decodeURIComponent(unescape$2(href)).replace(nonWordAndColonTest, '').toLowerCase();
+           } catch (e) {
+             return null;
+           }
 
-           // enter
-           const linkEnter = link.enter()
-             .append('a')
-               .attr('class', 'view-on-osmose')
-               .attr('target', '_blank')
-               .attr('rel', 'noopener') // security measure
-               .attr('href', d => d)
-               .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-out-link', 'inline'));
+           if (prot.indexOf('javascript:') === 0 || prot.indexOf('vbscript:') === 0 || prot.indexOf('data:') === 0) {
+             return null;
+           }
+         }
 
-           linkEnter
-             .append('span')
-               .text(_t('inspector.view_on_osmose'));
+         if (base && !originIndependentUrl.test(href)) {
+           href = resolveUrl$1(base, href);
          }
 
-         viewOnOsmose.what = function(val) {
-           if (!arguments.length) return _qaItem;
-           _qaItem = val;
-           return viewOnOsmose;
-         };
+         try {
+           href = encodeURI(href).replace(/%25/g, '%');
+         } catch (e) {
+           return null;
+         }
 
-         return viewOnOsmose;
+         return href;
        }
 
-       function uiOsmoseEditor(context) {
-         const dispatch$1 = dispatch('change');
-         const qaDetails = uiOsmoseDetails(context);
-         const qaHeader = uiOsmoseHeader();
+       var baseUrls = {};
+       var justDomain = /^[^:]+:\/*[^/]*$/;
+       var protocol = /^([^:]+:)[\s\S]*$/;
+       var domain = /^([^:]+:\/*[^/]*)[\s\S]*$/;
+
+       function resolveUrl$1(base, href) {
+         if (!baseUrls[' ' + base]) {
+           // we can ignore everything in base after the last slash of its path component,
+           // but we might need to add _that_
+           // https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3
+           if (justDomain.test(base)) {
+             baseUrls[' ' + base] = base + '/';
+           } else {
+             baseUrls[' ' + base] = rtrim$1(base, '/', true);
+           }
+         }
+
+         base = baseUrls[' ' + base];
+         var relativeBase = base.indexOf(':') === -1;
 
-         let _qaItem;
+         if (href.substring(0, 2) === '//') {
+           if (relativeBase) {
+             return href;
+           }
 
-         function osmoseEditor(selection) {
+           return base.replace(protocol, '$1') + href;
+         } else if (href.charAt(0) === '/') {
+           if (relativeBase) {
+             return href;
+           }
 
-           const header = selection.selectAll('.header')
-             .data([0]);
+           return base.replace(domain, '$1') + href;
+         } else {
+           return base + href;
+         }
+       }
 
-           const headerEnter = header.enter()
-             .append('div')
-               .attr('class', 'header fillL');
+       var noopTest$1 = {
+         exec: function noopTest() {}
+       };
 
-           headerEnter
-             .append('button')
-               .attr('class', 'close')
-               .on('click', () => context.enter(modeBrowse(context)))
-               .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-close'));
+       function merge$2(obj) {
+         var i = 1,
+             target,
+             key;
 
-           headerEnter
-             .append('h3')
-               .text(_t('QA.osmose.title'));
+         for (; i < arguments.length; i++) {
+           target = arguments[i];
 
-           let body = selection.selectAll('.body')
-             .data([0]);
+           for (key in target) {
+             if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(target, key)) {
+               obj[key] = target[key];
+             }
+           }
+         }
 
-           body = body.enter()
-               .append('div')
-               .attr('class', 'body')
-             .merge(body);
+         return obj;
+       }
 
-           let editor = body.selectAll('.qa-editor')
-             .data([0]);
+       function splitCells$1(tableRow, count) {
+         // ensure that every cell-delimiting pipe has a space
+         // before it to distinguish it from an escaped pipe
+         var row = tableRow.replace(/\|/g, function (match, offset, str) {
+           var escaped = false,
+               curr = offset;
 
-           editor.enter()
-             .append('div')
-               .attr('class', 'modal-section qa-editor')
-             .merge(editor)
-               .call(qaHeader.issue(_qaItem))
-               .call(qaDetails.issue(_qaItem))
-               .call(osmoseSaveSection);
+           while (--curr >= 0 && str[curr] === '\\') {
+             escaped = !escaped;
+           }
 
-           const footer = selection.selectAll('.footer')
-             .data([0]);
+           if (escaped) {
+             // odd number of slashes means | is escaped
+             // so we leave it alone
+             return '|';
+           } else {
+             // add space before unescaped |
+             return ' |';
+           }
+         }),
+             cells = row.split(/ \|/);
+         var i = 0;
 
-           footer.enter()
-             .append('div')
-             .attr('class', 'footer')
-             .merge(footer)
-             .call(uiViewOnOsmose().what(_qaItem));
+         if (cells.length > count) {
+           cells.splice(count);
+         } else {
+           while (cells.length < count) {
+             cells.push('');
+           }
          }
 
-         function osmoseSaveSection(selection) {
-           const isSelected = (_qaItem && _qaItem.id === context.selectedErrorID());
-           const isShown = (_qaItem && isSelected);
-           let saveSection = selection.selectAll('.qa-save')
-             .data(
-               (isShown ? [_qaItem] : []),
-               d => `${d.id}-${d.status || 0}`
-             );
-
-           // exit
-           saveSection.exit()
-             .remove();
-
-           // enter
-           const saveSectionEnter = saveSection.enter()
-             .append('div')
-               .attr('class', 'qa-save save-section cf');
-
-           // update
-           saveSection = saveSectionEnter
-             .merge(saveSection)
-               .call(qaSaveButtons);
+         for (; i < cells.length; i++) {
+           // leading or trailing whitespace is ignored per the gfm spec
+           cells[i] = cells[i].trim().replace(/\\\|/g, '|');
          }
 
-         function qaSaveButtons(selection) {
-           const isSelected = (_qaItem && _qaItem.id === context.selectedErrorID());
-           let buttonSection = selection.selectAll('.buttons')
-             .data((isSelected ? [_qaItem] : []), d => d.status + d.id);
+         return cells;
+       } // Remove trailing 'c's. Equivalent to str.replace(/c*$/, '').
+       // /c*$/ is vulnerable to REDOS.
+       // invert: Remove suffix of non-c chars instead. Default falsey.
 
-           // exit
-           buttonSection.exit()
-             .remove();
 
-           // enter
-           const buttonEnter = buttonSection.enter()
-             .append('div')
-               .attr('class', 'buttons');
+       function rtrim$1(str, c, invert) {
+         var l = str.length;
 
-           buttonEnter
-             .append('button')
-               .attr('class', 'button close-button action');
+         if (l === 0) {
+           return '';
+         } // Length of suffix matching the invert condition.
 
-           buttonEnter
-             .append('button')
-               .attr('class', 'button ignore-button action');
 
-           // update
-           buttonSection = buttonSection
-             .merge(buttonEnter);
+         var suffLen = 0; // Step left until we fail to match the invert condition.
 
-           buttonSection.select('.close-button')
-             .text(() => _t('QA.keepRight.close'))
-             .on('click.close', function(d) {
-               this.blur();    // avoid keeping focus on the button - #4641
-               const qaService = services.osmose;
-               if (qaService) {
-                 d.newStatus = 'done';
-                 qaService.postUpdate(d, (err, item) => dispatch$1.call('change', item));
-               }
-             });
+         while (suffLen < l) {
+           var currChar = str.charAt(l - suffLen - 1);
 
-           buttonSection.select('.ignore-button')
-             .text(() => _t('QA.keepRight.ignore'))
-             .on('click.ignore', function(d) {
-               this.blur();    // avoid keeping focus on the button - #4641
-               const qaService = services.osmose;
-               if (qaService) {
-                 d.newStatus = 'false';
-                 qaService.postUpdate(d, (err, item) => dispatch$1.call('change', item));
-               }
-             });
+           if (currChar === c && !invert) {
+             suffLen++;
+           } else if (currChar !== c && invert) {
+             suffLen++;
+           } else {
+             break;
+           }
          }
 
-         // NOTE: Don't change method name until UI v3 is merged
-         osmoseEditor.error = function(val) {
-           if (!arguments.length) return _qaItem;
-           _qaItem = val;
-           return osmoseEditor;
-         };
-
-         return utilRebind(osmoseEditor, dispatch$1, 'on');
+         return str.substr(0, l - suffLen);
        }
 
-       // NOTE: Don't change name of this until UI v3 is merged
-       function modeSelectError(context, selectedErrorID, selectedErrorService) {
-           var mode = {
-               id: 'select-error',
-               button: 'browse'
-           };
-
-           var keybinding = utilKeybinding('select-error');
-
-           var errorService = services[selectedErrorService];
-           var errorEditor;
-           switch (selectedErrorService) {
-               case 'improveOSM':
-                   errorEditor = uiImproveOsmEditor(context)
-                   .on('change', function() {
-                       context.map().pan([0,0]);  // trigger a redraw
-                       var error = checkSelectedID();
-                       if (!error) return;
-                       context.ui().sidebar
-                           .show(errorEditor.error(error));
-                   });
-                   break;
-               case 'keepRight':
-                   errorEditor = uiKeepRightEditor(context)
-                   .on('change', function() {
-                       context.map().pan([0,0]);  // trigger a redraw
-                       var error = checkSelectedID();
-                       if (!error) return;
-                       context.ui().sidebar
-                           .show(errorEditor.error(error));
-                   });
-                   break;
-               case 'osmose':
-                   errorEditor = uiOsmoseEditor(context)
-                   .on('change', function() {
-                       context.map().pan([0,0]);  // trigger a redraw
-                       var error = checkSelectedID();
-                       if (!error) return;
-                       context.ui().sidebar
-                           .show(errorEditor.error(error));
-                   });
-                   break;
-           }
-
+       function findClosingBracket$1(str, b) {
+         if (str.indexOf(b[1]) === -1) {
+           return -1;
+         }
 
-           var behaviors = [
-               behaviorBreathe(),
-               behaviorHover(context),
-               behaviorSelect(context),
-               behaviorLasso(context),
-               modeDragNode(context).behavior,
-               modeDragNote(context).behavior
-           ];
+         var l = str.length;
+         var level = 0,
+             i = 0;
 
+         for (; i < l; i++) {
+           if (str[i] === '\\') {
+             i++;
+           } else if (str[i] === b[0]) {
+             level++;
+           } else if (str[i] === b[1]) {
+             level--;
 
-           function checkSelectedID() {
-               if (!errorService) return;
-               var error = errorService.getError(selectedErrorID);
-               if (!error) {
-                   context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
-               }
-               return error;
+             if (level < 0) {
+               return i;
+             }
            }
+         }
 
+         return -1;
+       }
 
-           mode.zoomToSelected = function() {
-               if (!errorService) return;
-               var error = errorService.getError(selectedErrorID);
-               if (error) {
-                   context.map().centerZoomEase(error.loc, 20);
-               }
-           };
-
-
-           mode.enter = function() {
-               var error = checkSelectedID();
-               if (!error) return;
-
-               behaviors.forEach(context.install);
-               keybinding
-                   .on(_t('inspector.zoom_to.key'), mode.zoomToSelected)
-                   .on('⎋', esc, true);
-
-               select(document)
-                   .call(keybinding);
+       function checkSanitizeDeprecation$1(opt) {
+         if (opt && opt.sanitize && !opt.silent) {
+           console.warn('marked(): sanitize and sanitizer parameters are deprecated since version 0.7.0, should not be used and will be removed in the future. Read more here: https://marked.js.org/#/USING_ADVANCED.md#options');
+         }
+       } // copied from https://stackoverflow.com/a/5450113/806777
 
-               selectError();
 
-               var sidebar = context.ui().sidebar;
-               sidebar.show(errorEditor.error(error));
+       function repeatString$1(pattern, count) {
+         if (count < 1) {
+           return '';
+         }
 
-               context.map()
-                   .on('drawn.select-error', selectError);
+         var result = '';
 
+         while (count > 1) {
+           if (count & 1) {
+             result += pattern;
+           }
 
-               // class the error as selected, or return to browse mode if the error is gone
-               function selectError(drawn) {
-                   if (!checkSelectedID()) return;
+           count >>= 1;
+           pattern += pattern;
+         }
 
-                   var selection = context.surface()
-                       .selectAll('.itemId-' + selectedErrorID + '.' + selectedErrorService);
+         return result + pattern;
+       }
 
-                   if (selection.empty()) {
-                       // Return to browse mode if selected DOM elements have
-                       // disappeared because the user moved them out of view..
-                       var source = event && event.type === 'zoom' && event.sourceEvent;
-                       if (drawn && source && (source.type === 'pointermove' || source.type === 'mousemove' || source.type === 'touchmove')) {
-                           context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
-                       }
+       var helpers = {
+         escape: escape$3,
+         unescape: unescape$2,
+         edit: edit$1,
+         cleanUrl: cleanUrl$1,
+         resolveUrl: resolveUrl$1,
+         noopTest: noopTest$1,
+         merge: merge$2,
+         splitCells: splitCells$1,
+         rtrim: rtrim$1,
+         findClosingBracket: findClosingBracket$1,
+         checkSanitizeDeprecation: checkSanitizeDeprecation$1,
+         repeatString: repeatString$1
+       };
 
-                   } else {
-                       selection
-                           .classed('selected', true);
+       var defaults$4 = defaults$5.defaults;
+       var rtrim = helpers.rtrim,
+           splitCells = helpers.splitCells,
+           _escape = helpers.escape,
+           findClosingBracket = helpers.findClosingBracket;
 
-                       context.selectedErrorID(selectedErrorID);
-                   }
-               }
+       function outputLink(cap, link, raw) {
+         var href = link.href;
+         var title = link.title ? _escape(link.title) : null;
+         var text = cap[1].replace(/\\([\[\]])/g, '$1');
 
-               function esc() {
-                   if (context.container().select('.combobox').size()) return;
-                   context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
-               }
+         if (cap[0].charAt(0) !== '!') {
+           return {
+             type: 'link',
+             raw: raw,
+             href: href,
+             title: title,
+             text: text
            };
+         } else {
+           return {
+             type: 'image',
+             raw: raw,
+             href: href,
+             title: title,
+             text: _escape(text)
+           };
+         }
+       }
 
+       function indentCodeCompensation(raw, text) {
+         var matchIndentToCode = raw.match(/^(\s+)(?:```)/);
 
-           mode.exit = function() {
-               behaviors.forEach(context.uninstall);
-
-               select(document)
-                   .call(keybinding.unbind);
-
-               context.surface()
-                   .selectAll('.qaItem.selected')
-                   .classed('selected hover', false);
+         if (matchIndentToCode === null) {
+           return text;
+         }
 
-               context.map()
-                   .on('drawn.select-error', null);
+         var indentToCode = matchIndentToCode[1];
+         return text.split('\n').map(function (node) {
+           var matchIndentInNode = node.match(/^\s+/);
 
-               context.ui().sidebar
-                   .hide();
+           if (matchIndentInNode === null) {
+             return node;
+           }
 
-               context.selectedErrorID(null);
-               context.features().forceVisible([]);
-           };
+           var _matchIndentInNode = _slicedToArray(matchIndentInNode, 1),
+               indentInNode = _matchIndentInNode[0];
 
+           if (indentInNode.length >= indentToCode.length) {
+             return node.slice(indentToCode.length);
+           }
 
-           return mode;
+           return node;
+         }).join('\n');
        }
+       /**
+        * Tokenizer
+        */
 
-       function behaviorSelect(context) {
-           var _tolerancePx = 4; // see also behaviorDrag
-           var _lastMouseEvent = null;
-           var _showMenu = false;
-           var _downPointers = {};
-           var _longPressTimeout = null;
-           var _lastInteractionType = null;
-           // the id of the down pointer that's enabling multiselection while down
-           var _multiselectionPointerId = null;
-
-           // use pointer events on supported platforms; fallback to mouse events
-           var _pointerPrefix = 'PointerEvent' in window ? 'pointer' : 'mouse';
 
+       var Tokenizer_1 = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
+         function Tokenizer(options) {
+           _classCallCheck$1(this, Tokenizer);
 
-           function keydown() {
+           this.options = options || defaults$4;
+         }
 
-               if (event.keyCode === 32) {
-                   // don't react to spacebar events during text input
-                   var activeNode = document.activeElement;
-                   if (activeNode && new Set(['INPUT', 'TEXTAREA']).has(activeNode.nodeName)) return;
-               }
+         _createClass$1(Tokenizer, [{
+           key: "space",
+           value: function space(src) {
+             var cap = this.rules.block.newline.exec(src);
 
-               if (event.keyCode === 93 ||  // context menu key
-                   event.keyCode === 32) {  // spacebar
-                   event.preventDefault();
+             if (cap) {
+               if (cap[0].length > 1) {
+                 return {
+                   type: 'space',
+                   raw: cap[0]
+                 };
                }
 
-               if (event.repeat) return; // ignore repeated events for held keys
-
-               // if any key is pressed the user is probably doing something other than long-pressing
-               cancelLongPress();
-
-               if (event.shiftKey) {
-                   context.surface()
-                       .classed('behavior-multiselect', true);
-               }
+               return {
+                 raw: '\n'
+               };
+             }
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "code",
+           value: function code(src) {
+             var cap = this.rules.block.code.exec(src);
 
-               if (event.keyCode === 32) {  // spacebar
-                   if (!_downPointers.spacebar && _lastMouseEvent) {
-                       cancelLongPress();
-                       _longPressTimeout = window.setTimeout(didLongPress, 500, 'spacebar', 'spacebar');
+             if (cap) {
+               var text = cap[0].replace(/^ {1,4}/gm, '');
+               return {
+                 type: 'code',
+                 raw: cap[0],
+                 codeBlockStyle: 'indented',
+                 text: !this.options.pedantic ? rtrim(text, '\n') : text
+               };
+             }
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "fences",
+           value: function fences(src) {
+             var cap = this.rules.block.fences.exec(src);
 
-                       _downPointers.spacebar = {
-                           firstEvent: _lastMouseEvent,
-                           lastEvent: _lastMouseEvent
-                       };
-                   }
-               }
+             if (cap) {
+               var raw = cap[0];
+               var text = indentCodeCompensation(raw, cap[3] || '');
+               return {
+                 type: 'code',
+                 raw: raw,
+                 lang: cap[2] ? cap[2].trim() : cap[2],
+                 text: text
+               };
+             }
            }
+         }, {
+           key: "heading",
+           value: function heading(src) {
+             var cap = this.rules.block.heading.exec(src);
 
+             if (cap) {
+               var text = cap[2].trim(); // remove trailing #s
 
-           function keyup() {
-               cancelLongPress();
+               if (/#$/.test(text)) {
+                 var trimmed = rtrim(text, '#');
 
-               if (!event.shiftKey) {
-                   context.surface()
-                       .classed('behavior-multiselect', false);
+                 if (this.options.pedantic) {
+                   text = trimmed.trim();
+                 } else if (!trimmed || / $/.test(trimmed)) {
+                   // CommonMark requires space before trailing #s
+                   text = trimmed.trim();
+                 }
                }
 
-               if (event.keyCode === 93) {  // context menu key
-                   event.preventDefault();
-                   _lastInteractionType = 'menukey';
-                   contextmenu();
-               } else if (event.keyCode === 32) {  // spacebar
-                   var pointer = _downPointers.spacebar;
-                   if (pointer) {
-                       delete _downPointers.spacebar;
-
-                       if (pointer.done) return;
-
-                       event.preventDefault();
-                       _lastInteractionType = 'spacebar';
-                       click(pointer.firstEvent, pointer.lastEvent, 'spacebar');
-                   }
-               }
+               return {
+                 type: 'heading',
+                 raw: cap[0],
+                 depth: cap[1].length,
+                 text: text
+               };
+             }
            }
+         }, {
+           key: "nptable",
+           value: function nptable(src) {
+             var cap = this.rules.block.nptable.exec(src);
+
+             if (cap) {
+               var item = {
+                 type: 'table',
+                 header: splitCells(cap[1].replace(/^ *| *\| *$/g, '')),
+                 align: cap[2].replace(/^ *|\| *$/g, '').split(/ *\| */),
+                 cells: cap[3] ? cap[3].replace(/\n$/, '').split('\n') : [],
+                 raw: cap[0]
+               };
 
+               if (item.header.length === item.align.length) {
+                 var l = item.align.length;
+                 var i;
+
+                 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
+                   if (/^ *-+: *$/.test(item.align[i])) {
+                     item.align[i] = 'right';
+                   } else if (/^ *:-+: *$/.test(item.align[i])) {
+                     item.align[i] = 'center';
+                   } else if (/^ *:-+ *$/.test(item.align[i])) {
+                     item.align[i] = 'left';
+                   } else {
+                     item.align[i] = null;
+                   }
+                 }
 
-           function pointerdown() {
-               var id = (event.pointerId || 'mouse').toString();
-
-               cancelLongPress();
+                 l = item.cells.length;
 
-               if (event.buttons && event.buttons !== 1) return;
+                 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
+                   item.cells[i] = splitCells(item.cells[i], item.header.length);
+                 }
 
-               context.ui().closeEditMenu();
+                 return item;
+               }
+             }
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "hr",
+           value: function hr(src) {
+             var cap = this.rules.block.hr.exec(src);
 
-               _longPressTimeout = window.setTimeout(didLongPress, 500, id, 'longdown-' + (event.pointerType || 'mouse'));
+             if (cap) {
+               return {
+                 type: 'hr',
+                 raw: cap[0]
+               };
+             }
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "blockquote",
+           value: function blockquote(src) {
+             var cap = this.rules.block.blockquote.exec(src);
 
-               _downPointers[id] = {
-                   firstEvent: event,
-                   lastEvent: event
+             if (cap) {
+               var text = cap[0].replace(/^ *> ?/gm, '');
+               return {
+                 type: 'blockquote',
+                 raw: cap[0],
+                 text: text
                };
+             }
            }
+         }, {
+           key: "list",
+           value: function list(src) {
+             var cap = this.rules.block.list.exec(src);
+
+             if (cap) {
+               var raw = cap[0];
+               var bull = cap[2];
+               var isordered = bull.length > 1;
+               var list = {
+                 type: 'list',
+                 raw: raw,
+                 ordered: isordered,
+                 start: isordered ? +bull.slice(0, -1) : '',
+                 loose: false,
+                 items: []
+               }; // Get each top-level item.
+
+               var itemMatch = cap[0].match(this.rules.block.item);
+               var next = false,
+                   item,
+                   space,
+                   bcurr,
+                   bnext,
+                   addBack,
+                   loose,
+                   istask,
+                   ischecked,
+                   endMatch;
+               var l = itemMatch.length;
+               bcurr = this.rules.block.listItemStart.exec(itemMatch[0]);
+
+               for (var i = 0; i < l; i++) {
+                 item = itemMatch[i];
+                 raw = item;
+
+                 if (!this.options.pedantic) {
+                   // Determine if current item contains the end of the list
+                   endMatch = item.match(new RegExp('\\n\\s*\\n {0,' + (bcurr[0].length - 1) + '}\\S'));
+
+                   if (endMatch) {
+                     addBack = item.length - endMatch.index + itemMatch.slice(i + 1).join('\n').length;
+                     list.raw = list.raw.substring(0, list.raw.length - addBack);
+                     item = item.substring(0, endMatch.index);
+                     raw = item;
+                     l = i + 1;
+                   }
+                 } // Determine whether the next list item belongs here.
+                 // Backpedal if it does not belong in this list.
+
+
+                 if (i !== l - 1) {
+                   bnext = this.rules.block.listItemStart.exec(itemMatch[i + 1]);
+
+                   if (!this.options.pedantic ? bnext[1].length >= bcurr[0].length || bnext[1].length > 3 : bnext[1].length > bcurr[1].length) {
+                     // nested list or continuation
+                     itemMatch.splice(i, 2, itemMatch[i] + (!this.options.pedantic && bnext[1].length < bcurr[0].length && !itemMatch[i].match(/\n$/) ? '' : '\n') + itemMatch[i + 1]);
+                     i--;
+                     l--;
+                     continue;
+                   } else if ( // different bullet style
+                   !this.options.pedantic || this.options.smartLists ? bnext[2][bnext[2].length - 1] !== bull[bull.length - 1] : isordered === (bnext[2].length === 1)) {
+                     addBack = itemMatch.slice(i + 1).join('\n').length;
+                     list.raw = list.raw.substring(0, list.raw.length - addBack);
+                     i = l - 1;
+                   }
+
+                   bcurr = bnext;
+                 } // Remove the list item's bullet
+                 // so it is seen as the next token.
+
+
+                 space = item.length;
+                 item = item.replace(/^ *([*+-]|\d+[.)]) ?/, ''); // Outdent whatever the
+                 // list item contains. Hacky.
+
+                 if (~item.indexOf('\n ')) {
+                   space -= item.length;
+                   item = !this.options.pedantic ? item.replace(new RegExp('^ {1,' + space + '}', 'gm'), '') : item.replace(/^ {1,4}/gm, '');
+                 } // trim item newlines at end
+
+
+                 item = rtrim(item, '\n');
+
+                 if (i !== l - 1) {
+                   raw = raw + '\n';
+                 } // Determine whether item is loose or not.
+                 // Use: /(^|\n)(?! )[^\n]+\n\n(?!\s*$)/
+                 // for discount behavior.
+
+
+                 loose = next || /\n\n(?!\s*$)/.test(raw);
+
+                 if (i !== l - 1) {
+                   next = raw.slice(-2) === '\n\n';
+                   if (!loose) loose = next;
+                 }
 
+                 if (loose) {
+                   list.loose = true;
+                 } // Check for task list items
 
-           function didLongPress(id, interactionType) {
-               var pointer = _downPointers[id];
-               if (!pointer) return;
 
-               for (var i in _downPointers) {
-                   // don't allow this or any currently down pointer to trigger another click
-                   _downPointers[i].done = true;
-               }
+                 if (this.options.gfm) {
+                   istask = /^\[[ xX]\] /.test(item);
+                   ischecked = undefined;
+
+                   if (istask) {
+                     ischecked = item[1] !== ' ';
+                     item = item.replace(/^\[[ xX]\] +/, '');
+                   }
+                 }
 
-               // treat long presses like right-clicks
-               _longPressTimeout = null;
-               _lastInteractionType = interactionType;
-               _showMenu = true;
+                 list.items.push({
+                   type: 'list_item',
+                   raw: raw,
+                   task: istask,
+                   checked: ischecked,
+                   loose: loose,
+                   text: item
+                 });
+               }
 
-               click(pointer.firstEvent, pointer.lastEvent, id);
+               return list;
+             }
            }
+         }, {
+           key: "html",
+           value: function html(src) {
+             var cap = this.rules.block.html.exec(src);
 
+             if (cap) {
+               return {
+                 type: this.options.sanitize ? 'paragraph' : 'html',
+                 raw: cap[0],
+                 pre: !this.options.sanitizer && (cap[1] === 'pre' || cap[1] === 'script' || cap[1] === 'style'),
+                 text: this.options.sanitize ? this.options.sanitizer ? this.options.sanitizer(cap[0]) : _escape(cap[0]) : cap[0]
+               };
+             }
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "def",
+           value: function def(src) {
+             var cap = this.rules.block.def.exec(src);
 
-           function pointermove() {
-               var id = (event.pointerId || 'mouse').toString();
-               if (_downPointers[id]) {
-                   _downPointers[id].lastEvent = event;
-               }
-               if (!event.pointerType || event.pointerType === 'mouse') {
-                   _lastMouseEvent = event;
-                   if (_downPointers.spacebar) {
-                       _downPointers.spacebar.lastEvent = event;
-                   }
-               }
+             if (cap) {
+               if (cap[3]) cap[3] = cap[3].substring(1, cap[3].length - 1);
+               var tag = cap[1].toLowerCase().replace(/\s+/g, ' ');
+               return {
+                 type: 'def',
+                 tag: tag,
+                 raw: cap[0],
+                 href: cap[2],
+                 title: cap[3]
+               };
+             }
            }
+         }, {
+           key: "table",
+           value: function table(src) {
+             var cap = this.rules.block.table.exec(src);
+
+             if (cap) {
+               var item = {
+                 type: 'table',
+                 header: splitCells(cap[1].replace(/^ *| *\| *$/g, '')),
+                 align: cap[2].replace(/^ *|\| *$/g, '').split(/ *\| */),
+                 cells: cap[3] ? cap[3].replace(/\n$/, '').split('\n') : []
+               };
 
+               if (item.header.length === item.align.length) {
+                 item.raw = cap[0];
+                 var l = item.align.length;
+                 var i;
+
+                 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
+                   if (/^ *-+: *$/.test(item.align[i])) {
+                     item.align[i] = 'right';
+                   } else if (/^ *:-+: *$/.test(item.align[i])) {
+                     item.align[i] = 'center';
+                   } else if (/^ *:-+ *$/.test(item.align[i])) {
+                     item.align[i] = 'left';
+                   } else {
+                     item.align[i] = null;
+                   }
+                 }
 
-           function pointerup() {
-               var id = (event.pointerId || 'mouse').toString();
-               var pointer = _downPointers[id];
-               if (!pointer) return;
+                 l = item.cells.length;
 
-               delete _downPointers[id];
+                 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
+                   item.cells[i] = splitCells(item.cells[i].replace(/^ *\| *| *\| *$/g, ''), item.header.length);
+                 }
 
-               if (_multiselectionPointerId === id) {
-                   _multiselectionPointerId = null;
+                 return item;
                }
-
-               if (pointer.done) return;
-
-               click(pointer.firstEvent, event, id);
+             }
            }
+         }, {
+           key: "lheading",
+           value: function lheading(src) {
+             var cap = this.rules.block.lheading.exec(src);
 
+             if (cap) {
+               return {
+                 type: 'heading',
+                 raw: cap[0],
+                 depth: cap[2].charAt(0) === '=' ? 1 : 2,
+                 text: cap[1]
+               };
+             }
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "paragraph",
+           value: function paragraph(src) {
+             var cap = this.rules.block.paragraph.exec(src);
 
-           function pointercancel() {
-               var id = (event.pointerId || 'mouse').toString();
-               if (!_downPointers[id]) return;
-
-               delete _downPointers[id];
+             if (cap) {
+               return {
+                 type: 'paragraph',
+                 raw: cap[0],
+                 text: cap[1].charAt(cap[1].length - 1) === '\n' ? cap[1].slice(0, -1) : cap[1]
+               };
+             }
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "text",
+           value: function text(src) {
+             var cap = this.rules.block.text.exec(src);
 
-               if (_multiselectionPointerId === id) {
-                   _multiselectionPointerId = null;
-               }
+             if (cap) {
+               return {
+                 type: 'text',
+                 raw: cap[0],
+                 text: cap[0]
+               };
+             }
            }
+         }, {
+           key: "escape",
+           value: function escape(src) {
+             var cap = this.rules.inline.escape.exec(src);
 
+             if (cap) {
+               return {
+                 type: 'escape',
+                 raw: cap[0],
+                 text: _escape(cap[1])
+               };
+             }
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "tag",
+           value: function tag(src, inLink, inRawBlock) {
+             var cap = this.rules.inline.tag.exec(src);
 
-           function contextmenu() {
-               var e = event;
-               e.preventDefault();
+             if (cap) {
+               if (!inLink && /^<a /i.test(cap[0])) {
+                 inLink = true;
+               } else if (inLink && /^<\/a>/i.test(cap[0])) {
+                 inLink = false;
+               }
 
-               if (!+e.clientX && !+e.clientY) {
-                   if (_lastMouseEvent) {
-                       e.sourceEvent = _lastMouseEvent;
-                   } else {
-                       return;
-                   }
-               } else {
-                   _lastMouseEvent = event;
-                   _lastInteractionType = 'rightclick';
+               if (!inRawBlock && /^<(pre|code|kbd|script)(\s|>)/i.test(cap[0])) {
+                 inRawBlock = true;
+               } else if (inRawBlock && /^<\/(pre|code|kbd|script)(\s|>)/i.test(cap[0])) {
+                 inRawBlock = false;
                }
 
-               _showMenu = true;
-               click(event, event);
+               return {
+                 type: this.options.sanitize ? 'text' : 'html',
+                 raw: cap[0],
+                 inLink: inLink,
+                 inRawBlock: inRawBlock,
+                 text: this.options.sanitize ? this.options.sanitizer ? this.options.sanitizer(cap[0]) : _escape(cap[0]) : cap[0]
+               };
+             }
            }
+         }, {
+           key: "link",
+           value: function link(src) {
+             var cap = this.rules.inline.link.exec(src);
 
+             if (cap) {
+               var trimmedUrl = cap[2].trim();
 
-           function click(firstEvent, lastEvent, pointerId) {
-               cancelLongPress();
-
-               var mapNode = context.container().select('.main-map').node();
+               if (!this.options.pedantic && /^</.test(trimmedUrl)) {
+                 // commonmark requires matching angle brackets
+                 if (!/>$/.test(trimmedUrl)) {
+                   return;
+                 } // ending angle bracket cannot be escaped
 
-               // Use the `main-map` coordinate system since the surface and supersurface
-               // are transformed when drag-panning.
-               var pointGetter = utilFastMouse(mapNode);
-               var p1 = pointGetter(firstEvent);
-               var p2 = pointGetter(lastEvent);
-               var dist = geoVecLength(p1, p2);
 
-               if (dist > _tolerancePx ||
-                   !mapContains(lastEvent)) {
+                 var rtrimSlash = rtrim(trimmedUrl.slice(0, -1), '\\');
 
-                   resetProperties();
+                 if ((trimmedUrl.length - rtrimSlash.length) % 2 === 0) {
                    return;
+                 }
+               } else {
+                 // find closing parenthesis
+                 var lastParenIndex = findClosingBracket(cap[2], '()');
+
+                 if (lastParenIndex > -1) {
+                   var start = cap[0].indexOf('!') === 0 ? 5 : 4;
+                   var linkLen = start + cap[1].length + lastParenIndex;
+                   cap[2] = cap[2].substring(0, lastParenIndex);
+                   cap[0] = cap[0].substring(0, linkLen).trim();
+                   cap[3] = '';
+                 }
                }
 
-               var targetDatum = lastEvent.target.__data__;
+               var href = cap[2];
+               var title = '';
 
-               var multiselectEntityId;
+               if (this.options.pedantic) {
+                 // split pedantic href and title
+                 var link = /^([^'"]*[^\s])\s+(['"])(.*)\2/.exec(href);
 
-               if (!_multiselectionPointerId) {
-                   // If a different pointer than the one triggering this click is down on a
-                   // feature, treat this and all future clicks as multiselection until that
-                   // pointer is raised.
-                   var selectPointerInfo = pointerDownOnSelection(pointerId);
-                   if (selectPointerInfo) {
-                       _multiselectionPointerId = selectPointerInfo.pointerId;
-                       // if the other feature isn't selected yet, make sure we select it
-                       multiselectEntityId = !selectPointerInfo.selected && selectPointerInfo.entityId;
-                       _downPointers[selectPointerInfo.pointerId].done = true;
-                   }
+                 if (link) {
+                   href = link[1];
+                   title = link[3];
+                 }
+               } else {
+                 title = cap[3] ? cap[3].slice(1, -1) : '';
                }
 
-               // support multiselect if data is already selected
-               var isMultiselect = context.mode().id === 'select' && (
-                   // and shift key is down
-                   (event && event.shiftKey) ||
-                   // or we're lasso-selecting
-                   context.surface().select('.lasso').node() ||
-                   // or a pointer is down over a selected feature
-                   (_multiselectionPointerId && !multiselectEntityId)
-               );
-
-               processClick(targetDatum, isMultiselect, p2, multiselectEntityId);
+               href = href.trim();
 
-               function mapContains(event) {
-                   var rect = mapNode.getBoundingClientRect();
-                   return event.clientX >= rect.left &&
-                       event.clientX <= rect.right &&
-                       event.clientY >= rect.top &&
-                       event.clientY <= rect.bottom;
+               if (/^</.test(href)) {
+                 if (this.options.pedantic && !/>$/.test(trimmedUrl)) {
+                   // pedantic allows starting angle bracket without ending angle bracket
+                   href = href.slice(1);
+                 } else {
+                   href = href.slice(1, -1);
+                 }
                }
 
-               function pointerDownOnSelection(skipPointerId) {
-                   var mode = context.mode();
-                   var selectedIDs = mode.id === 'select' ? mode.selectedIDs() : [];
-                   for (var pointerId in _downPointers) {
-                       if (pointerId === 'spacebar' || pointerId === skipPointerId) continue;
-
-                       var pointerInfo = _downPointers[pointerId];
+               return outputLink(cap, {
+                 href: href ? href.replace(this.rules.inline._escapes, '$1') : href,
+                 title: title ? title.replace(this.rules.inline._escapes, '$1') : title
+               }, cap[0]);
+             }
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "reflink",
+           value: function reflink(src, links) {
+             var cap;
 
-                       var p1 = pointGetter(pointerInfo.firstEvent);
-                       var p2 = pointGetter(pointerInfo.lastEvent);
-                       if (geoVecLength(p1, p2) > _tolerancePx) continue;
+             if ((cap = this.rules.inline.reflink.exec(src)) || (cap = this.rules.inline.nolink.exec(src))) {
+               var link = (cap[2] || cap[1]).replace(/\s+/g, ' ');
+               link = links[link.toLowerCase()];
 
-                       var datum = pointerInfo.firstEvent.target.__data__;
-                       var entity = (datum && datum.properties && datum.properties.entity) || datum;
-                       if (context.graph().hasEntity(entity.id)) return {
-                           pointerId: pointerId,
-                           entityId: entity.id,
-                           selected: selectedIDs.indexOf(entity.id) !== -1
-                       };
-                   }
-                   return null;
+               if (!link || !link.href) {
+                 var text = cap[0].charAt(0);
+                 return {
+                   type: 'text',
+                   raw: text,
+                   text: text
+                 };
                }
+
+               return outputLink(cap, link, cap[0]);
+             }
            }
+         }, {
+           key: "emStrong",
+           value: function emStrong(src, maskedSrc) {
+             var prevChar = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : '';
+             var match = this.rules.inline.emStrong.lDelim.exec(src);
+             if (!match) return; // _ can't be between two alphanumerics. \p{L}\p{N} includes non-english alphabet/numbers as well
+
+             if (match[3] && prevChar.match(/(?:[0-9A-Za-z\xAA\xB2\xB3\xB5\xB9\xBA\xBC-\xBE\xC0-\xD6\xD8-\xF6\xF8-\u02C1\u02C6-\u02D1\u02E0-\u02E4\u02EC\u02EE\u0370-\u0374\u0376\u0377\u037A-\u037D\u037F\u0386\u0388-\u038A\u038C\u038E-\u03A1\u03A3-\u03F5\u03F7-\u0481\u048A-\u052F\u0531-\u0556\u0559\u0560-\u0588\u05D0-\u05EA\u05EF-\u05F2\u0620-\u064A\u0660-\u0669\u066E\u066F\u0671-\u06D3\u06D5\u06E5\u06E6\u06EE-\u06FC\u06FF\u0710\u0712-\u072F\u074D-\u07A5\u07B1\u07C0-\u07EA\u07F4\u07F5\u07FA\u0800-\u0815\u081A\u0824\u0828\u0840-\u0858\u0860-\u086A\u08A0-\u08B4\u08B6-\u08C7\u0904-\u0939\u093D\u0950\u0958-\u0961\u0966-\u096F\u0971-\u0980\u0985-\u098C\u098F\u0990\u0993-\u09A8\u09AA-\u09B0\u09B2\u09B6-\u09B9\u09BD\u09CE\u09DC\u09DD\u09DF-\u09E1\u09E6-\u09F1\u09F4-\u09F9\u09FC\u0A05-\u0A0A\u0A0F\u0A10\u0A13-\u0A28\u0A2A-\u0A30\u0A32\u0A33\u0A35\u0A36\u0A38\u0A39\u0A59-\u0A5C\u0A5E\u0A66-\u0A6F\u0A72-\u0A74\u0A85-\u0A8D\u0A8F-\u0A91\u0A93-\u0AA8\u0AAA-\u0AB0\u0AB2\u0AB3\u0AB5-\u0AB9\u0ABD\u0AD0\u0AE0\u0AE1\u0AE6-\u0AEF\u0AF9\u0B05-\u0B0C\u0B0F\u0B10\u0B13-\u0B28\u0B2A-\u0B30\u0B32\u0B33\u0B35-\u0B39\u0B3D\u0B5C\u0B5D\u0B5F-\u0B61\u0B66-\u0B6F\u0B71-\u0B77\u0B83\u0B85-\u0B8A\u0B8E-\u0B90\u0B92-\u0B95\u0B99\u0B9A\u0B9C\u0B9E\u0B9F\u0BA3\u0BA4\u0BA8-\u0BAA\u0BAE-\u0BB9\u0BD0\u0BE6-\u0BF2\u0C05-\u0C0C\u0C0E-\u0C10\u0C12-\u0C28\u0C2A-\u0C39\u0C3D\u0C58-\u0C5A\u0C60\u0C61\u0C66-\u0C6F\u0C78-\u0C7E\u0C80\u0C85-\u0C8C\u0C8E-\u0C90\u0C92-\u0CA8\u0CAA-\u0CB3\u0CB5-\u0CB9\u0CBD\u0CDE\u0CE0\u0CE1\u0CE6-\u0CEF\u0CF1\u0CF2\u0D04-\u0D0C\u0D0E-\u0D10\u0D12-\u0D3A\u0D3D\u0D4E\u0D54-\u0D56\u0D58-\u0D61\u0D66-\u0D78\u0D7A-\u0D7F\u0D85-\u0D96\u0D9A-\u0DB1\u0DB3-\u0DBB\u0DBD\u0DC0-\u0DC6\u0DE6-\u0DEF\u0E01-\u0E30\u0E32\u0E33\u0E40-\u0E46\u0E50-\u0E59\u0E81\u0E82\u0E84\u0E86-\u0E8A\u0E8C-\u0EA3\u0EA5\u0EA7-\u0EB0\u0EB2\u0EB3\u0EBD\u0EC0-\u0EC4\u0EC6\u0ED0-\u0ED9\u0EDC-\u0EDF\u0F00\u0F20-\u0F33\u0F40-\u0F47\u0F49-\u0F6C\u0F88-\u0F8C\u1000-\u102A\u103F-\u1049\u1050-\u1055\u105A-\u105D\u1061\u1065\u1066\u106E-\u1070\u1075-\u1081\u108E\u1090-\u1099\u10A0-\u10C5\u10C7\u10CD\u10D0-\u10FA\u10FC-\u1248\u124A-\u124D\u1250-\u1256\u1258\u125A-\u125D\u1260-\u1288\u128A-\u128D\u1290-\u12B0\u12B2-\u12B5\u12B8-\u12BE\u12C0\u12C2-\u12C5\u12C8-\u12D6\u12D8-\u1310\u1312-\u1315\u1318-\u135A\u1369-\u137C\u1380-\u138F\u13A0-\u13F5\u13F8-\u13FD\u1401-\u166C\u166F-\u167F\u1681-\u169A\u16A0-\u16EA\u16EE-\u16F8\u1700-\u170C\u170E-\u1711\u1720-\u1731\u1740-\u1751\u1760-\u176C\u176E-\u1770\u1780-\u17B3\u17D7\u17DC\u17E0-\u17E9\u17F0-\u17F9\u1810-\u1819\u1820-\u1878\u1880-\u1884\u1887-\u18A8\u18AA\u18B0-\u18F5\u1900-\u191E\u1946-\u196D\u1970-\u1974\u1980-\u19AB\u19B0-\u19C9\u19D0-\u19DA\u1A00-\u1A16\u1A20-\u1A54\u1A80-\u1A89\u1A90-\u1A99\u1AA7\u1B05-\u1B33\u1B45-\u1B4B\u1B50-\u1B59\u1B83-\u1BA0\u1BAE-\u1BE5\u1C00-\u1C23\u1C40-\u1C49\u1C4D-\u1C7D\u1C80-\u1C88\u1C90-\u1CBA\u1CBD-\u1CBF\u1CE9-\u1CEC\u1CEE-\u1CF3\u1CF5\u1CF6\u1CFA\u1D00-\u1DBF\u1E00-\u1F15\u1F18-\u1F1D\u1F20-\u1F45\u1F48-\u1F4D\u1F50-\u1F57\u1F59\u1F5B\u1F5D\u1F5F-\u1F7D\u1F80-\u1FB4\u1FB6-\u1FBC\u1FBE\u1FC2-\u1FC4\u1FC6-\u1FCC\u1FD0-\u1FD3\u1FD6-\u1FDB\u1FE0-\u1FEC\u1FF2-\u1FF4\u1FF6-\u1FFC\u2070\u2071\u2074-\u2079\u207F-\u2089\u2090-\u209C\u2102\u2107\u210A-\u2113\u2115\u2119-\u211D\u2124\u2126\u2128\u212A-\u212D\u212F-\u2139\u213C-\u213F\u2145-\u2149\u214E\u2150-\u2189\u2460-\u249B\u24EA-\u24FF\u2776-\u2793\u2C00-\u2C2E\u2C30-\u2C5E\u2C60-\u2CE4\u2CEB-\u2CEE\u2CF2\u2CF3\u2CFD\u2D00-\u2D25\u2D27\u2D2D\u2D30-\u2D67\u2D6F\u2D80-\u2D96\u2DA0-\u2DA6\u2DA8-\u2DAE\u2DB0-\u2DB6\u2DB8-\u2DBE\u2DC0-\u2DC6\u2DC8-\u2DCE\u2DD0-\u2DD6\u2DD8-\u2DDE\u2E2F\u3005-\u3007\u3021-\u3029\u3031-\u3035\u3038-\u303C\u3041-\u3096\u309D-\u309F\u30A1-\u30FA\u30FC-\u30FF\u3105-\u312F\u3131-\u318E\u3192-\u3195\u31A0-\u31BF\u31F0-\u31FF\u3220-\u3229\u3248-\u324F\u3251-\u325F\u3280-\u3289\u32B1-\u32BF\u3400-\u4DBF\u4E00-\u9FFC\uA000-\uA48C\uA4D0-\uA4FD\uA500-\uA60C\uA610-\uA62B\uA640-\uA66E\uA67F-\uA69D\uA6A0-\uA6EF\uA717-\uA71F\uA722-\uA788\uA78B-\uA7BF\uA7C2-\uA7CA\uA7F5-\uA801\uA803-\uA805\uA807-\uA80A\uA80C-\uA822\uA830-\uA835\uA840-\uA873\uA882-\uA8B3\uA8D0-\uA8D9\uA8F2-\uA8F7\uA8FB\uA8FD\uA8FE\uA900-\uA925\uA930-\uA946\uA960-\uA97C\uA984-\uA9B2\uA9CF-\uA9D9\uA9E0-\uA9E4\uA9E6-\uA9FE\uAA00-\uAA28\uAA40-\uAA42\uAA44-\uAA4B\uAA50-\uAA59\uAA60-\uAA76\uAA7A\uAA7E-\uAAAF\uAAB1\uAAB5\uAAB6\uAAB9-\uAABD\uAAC0\uAAC2\uAADB-\uAADD\uAAE0-\uAAEA\uAAF2-\uAAF4\uAB01-\uAB06\uAB09-\uAB0E\uAB11-\uAB16\uAB20-\uAB26\uAB28-\uAB2E\uAB30-\uAB5A\uAB5C-\uAB69\uAB70-\uABE2\uABF0-\uABF9\uAC00-\uD7A3\uD7B0-\uD7C6\uD7CB-\uD7FB\uF900-\uFA6D\uFA70-\uFAD9\uFB00-\uFB06\uFB13-\uFB17\uFB1D\uFB1F-\uFB28\uFB2A-\uFB36\uFB38-\uFB3C\uFB3E\uFB40\uFB41\uFB43\uFB44\uFB46-\uFBB1\uFBD3-\uFD3D\uFD50-\uFD8F\uFD92-\uFDC7\uFDF0-\uFDFB\uFE70-\uFE74\uFE76-\uFEFC\uFF10-\uFF19\uFF21-\uFF3A\uFF41-\uFF5A\uFF66-\uFFBE\uFFC2-\uFFC7\uFFCA-\uFFCF\uFFD2-\uFFD7\uFFDA-\uFFDC]|\uD800[\uDC00-\uDC0B\uDC0D-\uDC26\uDC28-\uDC3A\uDC3C\uDC3D\uDC3F-\uDC4D\uDC50-\uDC5D\uDC80-\uDCFA\uDD07-\uDD33\uDD40-\uDD78\uDD8A\uDD8B\uDE80-\uDE9C\uDEA0-\uDED0\uDEE1-\uDEFB\uDF00-\uDF23\uDF2D-\uDF4A\uDF50-\uDF75\uDF80-\uDF9D\uDFA0-\uDFC3\uDFC8-\uDFCF\uDFD1-\uDFD5]|\uD801[\uDC00-\uDC9D\uDCA0-\uDCA9\uDCB0-\uDCD3\uDCD8-\uDCFB\uDD00-\uDD27\uDD30-\uDD63\uDE00-\uDF36\uDF40-\uDF55\uDF60-\uDF67]|\uD802[\uDC00-\uDC05\uDC08\uDC0A-\uDC35\uDC37\uDC38\uDC3C\uDC3F-\uDC55\uDC58-\uDC76\uDC79-\uDC9E\uDCA7-\uDCAF\uDCE0-\uDCF2\uDCF4\uDCF5\uDCFB-\uDD1B\uDD20-\uDD39\uDD80-\uDDB7\uDDBC-\uDDCF\uDDD2-\uDE00\uDE10-\uDE13\uDE15-\uDE17\uDE19-\uDE35\uDE40-\uDE48\uDE60-\uDE7E\uDE80-\uDE9F\uDEC0-\uDEC7\uDEC9-\uDEE4\uDEEB-\uDEEF\uDF00-\uDF35\uDF40-\uDF55\uDF58-\uDF72\uDF78-\uDF91\uDFA9-\uDFAF]|\uD803[\uDC00-\uDC48\uDC80-\uDCB2\uDCC0-\uDCF2\uDCFA-\uDD23\uDD30-\uDD39\uDE60-\uDE7E\uDE80-\uDEA9\uDEB0\uDEB1\uDF00-\uDF27\uDF30-\uDF45\uDF51-\uDF54\uDFB0-\uDFCB\uDFE0-\uDFF6]|\uD804[\uDC03-\uDC37\uDC52-\uDC6F\uDC83-\uDCAF\uDCD0-\uDCE8\uDCF0-\uDCF9\uDD03-\uDD26\uDD36-\uDD3F\uDD44\uDD47\uDD50-\uDD72\uDD76\uDD83-\uDDB2\uDDC1-\uDDC4\uDDD0-\uDDDA\uDDDC\uDDE1-\uDDF4\uDE00-\uDE11\uDE13-\uDE2B\uDE80-\uDE86\uDE88\uDE8A-\uDE8D\uDE8F-\uDE9D\uDE9F-\uDEA8\uDEB0-\uDEDE\uDEF0-\uDEF9\uDF05-\uDF0C\uDF0F\uDF10\uDF13-\uDF28\uDF2A-\uDF30\uDF32\uDF33\uDF35-\uDF39\uDF3D\uDF50\uDF5D-\uDF61]|\uD805[\uDC00-\uDC34\uDC47-\uDC4A\uDC50-\uDC59\uDC5F-\uDC61\uDC80-\uDCAF\uDCC4\uDCC5\uDCC7\uDCD0-\uDCD9\uDD80-\uDDAE\uDDD8-\uDDDB\uDE00-\uDE2F\uDE44\uDE50-\uDE59\uDE80-\uDEAA\uDEB8\uDEC0-\uDEC9\uDF00-\uDF1A\uDF30-\uDF3B]|\uD806[\uDC00-\uDC2B\uDCA0-\uDCF2\uDCFF-\uDD06\uDD09\uDD0C-\uDD13\uDD15\uDD16\uDD18-\uDD2F\uDD3F\uDD41\uDD50-\uDD59\uDDA0-\uDDA7\uDDAA-\uDDD0\uDDE1\uDDE3\uDE00\uDE0B-\uDE32\uDE3A\uDE50\uDE5C-\uDE89\uDE9D\uDEC0-\uDEF8]|\uD807[\uDC00-\uDC08\uDC0A-\uDC2E\uDC40\uDC50-\uDC6C\uDC72-\uDC8F\uDD00-\uDD06\uDD08\uDD09\uDD0B-\uDD30\uDD46\uDD50-\uDD59\uDD60-\uDD65\uDD67\uDD68\uDD6A-\uDD89\uDD98\uDDA0-\uDDA9\uDEE0-\uDEF2\uDFB0\uDFC0-\uDFD4]|\uD808[\uDC00-\uDF99]|\uD809[\uDC00-\uDC6E\uDC80-\uDD43]|[\uD80C\uD81C-\uD820\uD822\uD840-\uD868\uD86A-\uD86C\uD86F-\uD872\uD874-\uD879\uD880-\uD883][\uDC00-\uDFFF]|\uD80D[\uDC00-\uDC2E]|\uD811[\uDC00-\uDE46]|\uD81A[\uDC00-\uDE38\uDE40-\uDE5E\uDE60-\uDE69\uDED0-\uDEED\uDF00-\uDF2F\uDF40-\uDF43\uDF50-\uDF59\uDF5B-\uDF61\uDF63-\uDF77\uDF7D-\uDF8F]|\uD81B[\uDE40-\uDE96\uDF00-\uDF4A\uDF50\uDF93-\uDF9F\uDFE0\uDFE1\uDFE3]|\uD821[\uDC00-\uDFF7]|\uD823[\uDC00-\uDCD5\uDD00-\uDD08]|\uD82C[\uDC00-\uDD1E\uDD50-\uDD52\uDD64-\uDD67\uDD70-\uDEFB]|\uD82F[\uDC00-\uDC6A\uDC70-\uDC7C\uDC80-\uDC88\uDC90-\uDC99]|\uD834[\uDEE0-\uDEF3\uDF60-\uDF78]|\uD835[\uDC00-\uDC54\uDC56-\uDC9C\uDC9E\uDC9F\uDCA2\uDCA5\uDCA6\uDCA9-\uDCAC\uDCAE-\uDCB9\uDCBB\uDCBD-\uDCC3\uDCC5-\uDD05\uDD07-\uDD0A\uDD0D-\uDD14\uDD16-\uDD1C\uDD1E-\uDD39\uDD3B-\uDD3E\uDD40-\uDD44\uDD46\uDD4A-\uDD50\uDD52-\uDEA5\uDEA8-\uDEC0\uDEC2-\uDEDA\uDEDC-\uDEFA\uDEFC-\uDF14\uDF16-\uDF34\uDF36-\uDF4E\uDF50-\uDF6E\uDF70-\uDF88\uDF8A-\uDFA8\uDFAA-\uDFC2\uDFC4-\uDFCB\uDFCE-\uDFFF]|\uD838[\uDD00-\uDD2C\uDD37-\uDD3D\uDD40-\uDD49\uDD4E\uDEC0-\uDEEB\uDEF0-\uDEF9]|\uD83A[\uDC00-\uDCC4\uDCC7-\uDCCF\uDD00-\uDD43\uDD4B\uDD50-\uDD59]|\uD83B[\uDC71-\uDCAB\uDCAD-\uDCAF\uDCB1-\uDCB4\uDD01-\uDD2D\uDD2F-\uDD3D\uDE00-\uDE03\uDE05-\uDE1F\uDE21\uDE22\uDE24\uDE27\uDE29-\uDE32\uDE34-\uDE37\uDE39\uDE3B\uDE42\uDE47\uDE49\uDE4B\uDE4D-\uDE4F\uDE51\uDE52\uDE54\uDE57\uDE59\uDE5B\uDE5D\uDE5F\uDE61\uDE62\uDE64\uDE67-\uDE6A\uDE6C-\uDE72\uDE74-\uDE77\uDE79-\uDE7C\uDE7E\uDE80-\uDE89\uDE8B-\uDE9B\uDEA1-\uDEA3\uDEA5-\uDEA9\uDEAB-\uDEBB]|\uD83C[\uDD00-\uDD0C]|\uD83E[\uDFF0-\uDFF9]|\uD869[\uDC00-\uDEDD\uDF00-\uDFFF]|\uD86D[\uDC00-\uDF34\uDF40-\uDFFF]|\uD86E[\uDC00-\uDC1D\uDC20-\uDFFF]|\uD873[\uDC00-\uDEA1\uDEB0-\uDFFF]|\uD87A[\uDC00-\uDFE0]|\uD87E[\uDC00-\uDE1D]|\uD884[\uDC00-\uDF4A])/)) return;
+             var nextChar = match[1] || match[2] || '';
+
+             if (!nextChar || nextChar && (prevChar === '' || this.rules.inline.punctuation.exec(prevChar))) {
+               var lLength = match[0].length - 1;
+               var rDelim,
+                   rLength,
+                   delimTotal = lLength,
+                   midDelimTotal = 0;
+               var endReg = match[0][0] === '*' ? this.rules.inline.emStrong.rDelimAst : this.rules.inline.emStrong.rDelimUnd;
+               endReg.lastIndex = 0; // Clip maskedSrc to same section of string as src (move to lexer?)
+
+               maskedSrc = maskedSrc.slice(-1 * src.length + lLength);
+
+               while ((match = endReg.exec(maskedSrc)) != null) {
+                 rDelim = match[1] || match[2] || match[3] || match[4] || match[5] || match[6];
+                 if (!rDelim) continue; // skip single * in __abc*abc__
+
+                 rLength = rDelim.length;
+
+                 if (match[3] || match[4]) {
+                   // found another Left Delim
+                   delimTotal += rLength;
+                   continue;
+                 } else if (match[5] || match[6]) {
+                   // either Left or Right Delim
+                   if (lLength % 3 && !((lLength + rLength) % 3)) {
+                     midDelimTotal += rLength;
+                     continue; // CommonMark Emphasis Rules 9-10
+                   }
+                 }
 
+                 delimTotal -= rLength;
+                 if (delimTotal > 0) continue; // Haven't found enough closing delimiters
+                 // Remove extra characters. *a*** -> *a*
 
-           function processClick(datum, isMultiselect, point, alsoSelectId) {
-               var mode = context.mode();
-               var showMenu = _showMenu;
-               var interactionType = _lastInteractionType;
+                 rLength = Math.min(rLength, rLength + delimTotal + midDelimTotal); // Create `em` if smallest delimiter has odd char count. *a***
 
-               var entity = datum && datum.properties && datum.properties.entity;
-               if (entity) datum = entity;
+                 if (Math.min(lLength, rLength) % 2) {
+                   return {
+                     type: 'em',
+                     raw: src.slice(0, lLength + match.index + rLength + 1),
+                     text: src.slice(1, lLength + match.index + rLength)
+                   };
+                 } // Create 'strong' if smallest delimiter has even char count. **a***
 
-               if (datum && datum.type === 'midpoint') {
-                   // treat targeting midpoints as if targeting the parent way
-                   datum = datum.parents[0];
+
+                 return {
+                   type: 'strong',
+                   raw: src.slice(0, lLength + match.index + rLength + 1),
+                   text: src.slice(2, lLength + match.index + rLength - 1)
+                 };
                }
+             }
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "codespan",
+           value: function codespan(src) {
+             var cap = this.rules.inline.code.exec(src);
 
-               var newMode;
+             if (cap) {
+               var text = cap[2].replace(/\n/g, ' ');
+               var hasNonSpaceChars = /[^ ]/.test(text);
+               var hasSpaceCharsOnBothEnds = /^ /.test(text) && / $/.test(text);
 
-               if (datum instanceof osmEntity) {
-                   // targeting an entity
-                   var selectedIDs = context.selectedIDs();
-                   context.selectedNoteID(null);
-                   context.selectedErrorID(null);
-
-                   if (!isMultiselect) {
-                       // don't change the selection if we're toggling the menu atop a multiselection
-                       if (!showMenu ||
-                           selectedIDs.length <= 1 ||
-                           selectedIDs.indexOf(datum.id) === -1) {
-
-                           if (alsoSelectId === datum.id) alsoSelectId = null;
-
-                           selectedIDs = (alsoSelectId ? [alsoSelectId] : []).concat([datum.id]);
-                           // always enter modeSelect even if the entity is already
-                           // selected since listeners may expect `context.enter` events,
-                           // e.g. in the walkthrough
-                           newMode = mode.id === 'select' ? mode.selectedIDs(selectedIDs) : modeSelect(context, selectedIDs).selectBehavior(behavior);
-                           context.enter(newMode);
-                       }
+               if (hasNonSpaceChars && hasSpaceCharsOnBothEnds) {
+                 text = text.substring(1, text.length - 1);
+               }
 
-                   } else {
-                       if (selectedIDs.indexOf(datum.id) !== -1) {
-                           // clicked entity is already in the selectedIDs list..
-                           if (!showMenu) {
-                               // deselect clicked entity, then reenter select mode or return to browse mode..
-                               selectedIDs = selectedIDs.filter(function(id) { return id !== datum.id; });
-                               newMode = selectedIDs.length ? mode.selectedIDs(selectedIDs) : modeBrowse(context).selectBehavior(behavior);
-                               context.enter(newMode);
-                           }
-                       } else {
-                           // clicked entity is not in the selected list, add it..
-                           selectedIDs = selectedIDs.concat([datum.id]);
-                           newMode = mode.selectedIDs(selectedIDs);
-                           context.enter(newMode);
-                       }
-                   }
+               text = _escape(text, true);
+               return {
+                 type: 'codespan',
+                 raw: cap[0],
+                 text: text
+               };
+             }
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "br",
+           value: function br(src) {
+             var cap = this.rules.inline.br.exec(src);
 
-               } else if (datum && datum.__featurehash__ && !isMultiselect) {
-                   // targeting custom data
-                   context
-                       .selectedNoteID(null)
-                       .enter(modeSelectData(context, datum));
+             if (cap) {
+               return {
+                 type: 'br',
+                 raw: cap[0]
+               };
+             }
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "del",
+           value: function del(src) {
+             var cap = this.rules.inline.del.exec(src);
 
-               } else if (datum instanceof osmNote && !isMultiselect) {
-                   // targeting a note
-                   context
-                       .selectedNoteID(datum.id)
-                       .enter(modeSelectNote(context, datum.id));
+             if (cap) {
+               return {
+                 type: 'del',
+                 raw: cap[0],
+                 text: cap[2]
+               };
+             }
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "autolink",
+           value: function autolink(src, mangle) {
+             var cap = this.rules.inline.autolink.exec(src);
 
-               } else if (datum instanceof QAItem & !isMultiselect) {
-                   // targeting an external QA issue
-                   context
-                       .selectedErrorID(datum.id)
-                       .enter(modeSelectError(context, datum.id, datum.service));
+             if (cap) {
+               var text, href;
 
+               if (cap[2] === '@') {
+                 text = _escape(this.options.mangle ? mangle(cap[1]) : cap[1]);
+                 href = 'mailto:' + text;
                } else {
-                   // targeting nothing
-                   context.selectedNoteID(null);
-                   context.selectedErrorID(null);
-                   if (!isMultiselect && mode.id !== 'browse') {
-                       context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
-                   }
+                 text = _escape(cap[1]);
+                 href = text;
                }
 
-               context.ui().closeEditMenu();
+               return {
+                 type: 'link',
+                 raw: cap[0],
+                 text: text,
+                 href: href,
+                 tokens: [{
+                   type: 'text',
+                   raw: text,
+                   text: text
+                 }]
+               };
+             }
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "url",
+           value: function url(src, mangle) {
+             var cap;
 
-               // always request to show the edit menu in case the mode needs it
-               if (showMenu) context.ui().showEditMenu(point, interactionType);
+             if (cap = this.rules.inline.url.exec(src)) {
+               var text, href;
 
-               resetProperties();
-           }
+               if (cap[2] === '@') {
+                 text = _escape(this.options.mangle ? mangle(cap[0]) : cap[0]);
+                 href = 'mailto:' + text;
+               } else {
+                 // do extended autolink path validation
+                 var prevCapZero;
 
+                 do {
+                   prevCapZero = cap[0];
+                   cap[0] = this.rules.inline._backpedal.exec(cap[0])[0];
+                 } while (prevCapZero !== cap[0]);
 
-           function cancelLongPress() {
-               if (_longPressTimeout) window.clearTimeout(_longPressTimeout);
-               _longPressTimeout = null;
-           }
+                 text = _escape(cap[0]);
 
+                 if (cap[1] === 'www.') {
+                   href = 'http://' + text;
+                 } else {
+                   href = text;
+                 }
+               }
 
-           function resetProperties() {
-               cancelLongPress();
-               _showMenu = false;
-               _lastInteractionType = null;
-               // don't reset _lastMouseEvent since it might still be useful
-           }
-
-
-           function behavior(selection) {
-               resetProperties();
-               _lastMouseEvent = context.map().lastPointerEvent();
-
-               select(window)
-                   .on('keydown.select', keydown)
-                   .on('keyup.select', keyup)
-                   .on(_pointerPrefix + 'move.select', pointermove, true)
-                   .on(_pointerPrefix + 'up.select', pointerup, true)
-                   .on('pointercancel.select', pointercancel, true)
-                   .on('contextmenu.select-window', function() {
-                       // Edge and IE really like to show the contextmenu on the
-                       // menubar when user presses a keyboard menu button
-                       // even after we've already preventdefaulted the key event.
-                       var e = event;
-                       if (+e.clientX === 0 && +e.clientY === 0) {
-                           event.preventDefault();
-                       }
-                   });
+               return {
+                 type: 'link',
+                 raw: cap[0],
+                 text: text,
+                 href: href,
+                 tokens: [{
+                   type: 'text',
+                   raw: text,
+                   text: text
+                 }]
+               };
+             }
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "inlineText",
+           value: function inlineText(src, inRawBlock, smartypants) {
+             var cap = this.rules.inline.text.exec(src);
 
-               selection
-                   .on(_pointerPrefix + 'down.select', pointerdown)
-                   .on('contextmenu.select', contextmenu);
+             if (cap) {
+               var text;
 
-               if (event && event.shiftKey) {
-                   context.surface()
-                       .classed('behavior-multiselect', true);
+               if (inRawBlock) {
+                 text = this.options.sanitize ? this.options.sanitizer ? this.options.sanitizer(cap[0]) : _escape(cap[0]) : cap[0];
+               } else {
+                 text = _escape(this.options.smartypants ? smartypants(cap[0]) : cap[0]);
                }
+
+               return {
+                 type: 'text',
+                 raw: cap[0],
+                 text: text
+               };
+             }
            }
+         }]);
 
+         return Tokenizer;
+       }();
 
-           behavior.off = function(selection) {
-               cancelLongPress();
+       var noopTest = helpers.noopTest,
+           edit = helpers.edit,
+           merge$1 = helpers.merge;
+       /**
+        * Block-Level Grammar
+        */
 
-               select(window)
-                   .on('keydown.select', null)
-                   .on('keyup.select', null)
-                   .on('contextmenu.select-window', null)
-                   .on(_pointerPrefix + 'move.select', null, true)
-                   .on(_pointerPrefix + 'up.select', null, true)
-                   .on('pointercancel.select', null, true);
+       var block$1 = {
+         newline: /^(?: *(?:\n|$))+/,
+         code: /^( {4}[^\n]+(?:\n(?: *(?:\n|$))*)?)+/,
+         fences: /^ {0,3}(`{3,}(?=[^`\n]*\n)|~{3,})([^\n]*)\n(?:|([\s\S]*?)\n)(?: {0,3}\1[~`]* *(?:\n+|$)|$)/,
+         hr: /^ {0,3}((?:- *){3,}|(?:_ *){3,}|(?:\* *){3,})(?:\n+|$)/,
+         heading: /^ {0,3}(#{1,6})(?=\s|$)(.*)(?:\n+|$)/,
+         blockquote: /^( {0,3}> ?(paragraph|[^\n]*)(?:\n|$))+/,
+         list: /^( {0,3})(bull) [\s\S]+?(?:hr|def|\n{2,}(?! )(?! {0,3}bull )\n*|\s*$)/,
+         html: '^ {0,3}(?:' // optional indentation
+         + '<(script|pre|style)[\\s>][\\s\\S]*?(?:</\\1>[^\\n]*\\n+|$)' // (1)
+         + '|comment[^\\n]*(\\n+|$)' // (2)
+         + '|<\\?[\\s\\S]*?(?:\\?>\\n*|$)' // (3)
+         + '|<![A-Z][\\s\\S]*?(?:>\\n*|$)' // (4)
+         + '|<!\\[CDATA\\[[\\s\\S]*?(?:\\]\\]>\\n*|$)' // (5)
+         + '|</?(tag)(?: +|\\n|/?>)[\\s\\S]*?(?:(?:\\n *)+\\n|$)' // (6)
+         + '|<(?!script|pre|style)([a-z][\\w-]*)(?:attribute)*? */?>(?=[ \\t]*(?:\\n|$))[\\s\\S]*?(?:(?:\\n *)+\\n|$)' // (7) open tag
+         + '|</(?!script|pre|style)[a-z][\\w-]*\\s*>(?=[ \\t]*(?:\\n|$))[\\s\\S]*?(?:(?:\\n *)+\\n|$)' // (7) closing tag
+         + ')',
+         def: /^ {0,3}\[(label)\]: *\n? *<?([^\s>]+)>?(?:(?: +\n? *| *\n *)(title))? *(?:\n+|$)/,
+         nptable: noopTest,
+         table: noopTest,
+         lheading: /^([^\n]+)\n {0,3}(=+|-+) *(?:\n+|$)/,
+         // regex template, placeholders will be replaced according to different paragraph
+         // interruption rules of commonmark and the original markdown spec:
+         _paragraph: /^([^\n]+(?:\n(?!hr|heading|lheading|blockquote|fences|list|html| +\n)[^\n]+)*)/,
+         text: /^[^\n]+/
+       };
+       block$1._label = /(?!\s*\])(?:\\[\[\]]|[^\[\]])+/;
+       block$1._title = /(?:"(?:\\"?|[^"\\])*"|'[^'\n]*(?:\n[^'\n]+)*\n?'|\([^()]*\))/;
+       block$1.def = edit(block$1.def).replace('label', block$1._label).replace('title', block$1._title).getRegex();
+       block$1.bullet = /(?:[*+-]|\d{1,9}[.)])/;
+       block$1.item = /^( *)(bull) ?[^\n]*(?:\n(?! *bull ?)[^\n]*)*/;
+       block$1.item = edit(block$1.item, 'gm').replace(/bull/g, block$1.bullet).getRegex();
+       block$1.listItemStart = edit(/^( *)(bull) */).replace('bull', block$1.bullet).getRegex();
+       block$1.list = edit(block$1.list).replace(/bull/g, block$1.bullet).replace('hr', '\\n+(?=\\1?(?:(?:- *){3,}|(?:_ *){3,}|(?:\\* *){3,})(?:\\n+|$))').replace('def', '\\n+(?=' + block$1.def.source + ')').getRegex();
+       block$1._tag = 'address|article|aside|base|basefont|blockquote|body|caption' + '|center|col|colgroup|dd|details|dialog|dir|div|dl|dt|fieldset|figcaption' + '|figure|footer|form|frame|frameset|h[1-6]|head|header|hr|html|iframe' + '|legend|li|link|main|menu|menuitem|meta|nav|noframes|ol|optgroup|option' + '|p|param|section|source|summary|table|tbody|td|tfoot|th|thead|title|tr' + '|track|ul';
+       block$1._comment = /<!--(?!-?>)[\s\S]*?(?:-->|$)/;
+       block$1.html = edit(block$1.html, 'i').replace('comment', block$1._comment).replace('tag', block$1._tag).replace('attribute', / +[a-zA-Z:_][\w.:-]*(?: *= *"[^"\n]*"| *= *'[^'\n]*'| *= *[^\s"'=<>`]+)?/).getRegex();
+       block$1.paragraph = edit(block$1._paragraph).replace('hr', block$1.hr).replace('heading', ' {0,3}#{1,6} ').replace('|lheading', '') // setex headings don't interrupt commonmark paragraphs
+       .replace('blockquote', ' {0,3}>').replace('fences', ' {0,3}(?:`{3,}(?=[^`\\n]*\\n)|~{3,})[^\\n]*\\n').replace('list', ' {0,3}(?:[*+-]|1[.)]) ') // only lists starting from 1 can interrupt
+       .replace('html', '</?(?:tag)(?: +|\\n|/?>)|<(?:script|pre|style|!--)').replace('tag', block$1._tag) // pars can be interrupted by type (6) html blocks
+       .getRegex();
+       block$1.blockquote = edit(block$1.blockquote).replace('paragraph', block$1.paragraph).getRegex();
+       /**
+        * Normal Block Grammar
+        */
 
-               selection
-                   .on(_pointerPrefix + 'down.select', null)
-                   .on('contextmenu.select', null);
+       block$1.normal = merge$1({}, block$1);
+       /**
+        * GFM Block Grammar
+        */
 
-               context.surface()
-                   .classed('behavior-multiselect', false);
-           };
+       block$1.gfm = merge$1({}, block$1.normal, {
+         nptable: '^ *([^|\\n ].*\\|.*)\\n' // Header
+         + ' {0,3}([-:]+ *\\|[-| :]*)' // Align
+         + '(?:\\n((?:(?!\\n|hr|heading|blockquote|code|fences|list|html).*(?:\\n|$))*)\\n*|$)',
+         // Cells
+         table: '^ *\\|(.+)\\n' // Header
+         + ' {0,3}\\|?( *[-:]+[-| :]*)' // Align
+         + '(?:\\n *((?:(?!\\n|hr|heading|blockquote|code|fences|list|html).*(?:\\n|$))*)\\n*|$)' // Cells
 
+       });
+       block$1.gfm.nptable = edit(block$1.gfm.nptable).replace('hr', block$1.hr).replace('heading', ' {0,3}#{1,6} ').replace('blockquote', ' {0,3}>').replace('code', ' {4}[^\\n]').replace('fences', ' {0,3}(?:`{3,}(?=[^`\\n]*\\n)|~{3,})[^\\n]*\\n').replace('list', ' {0,3}(?:[*+-]|1[.)]) ') // only lists starting from 1 can interrupt
+       .replace('html', '</?(?:tag)(?: +|\\n|/?>)|<(?:script|pre|style|!--)').replace('tag', block$1._tag) // tables can be interrupted by type (6) html blocks
+       .getRegex();
+       block$1.gfm.table = edit(block$1.gfm.table).replace('hr', block$1.hr).replace('heading', ' {0,3}#{1,6} ').replace('blockquote', ' {0,3}>').replace('code', ' {4}[^\\n]').replace('fences', ' {0,3}(?:`{3,}(?=[^`\\n]*\\n)|~{3,})[^\\n]*\\n').replace('list', ' {0,3}(?:[*+-]|1[.)]) ') // only lists starting from 1 can interrupt
+       .replace('html', '</?(?:tag)(?: +|\\n|/?>)|<(?:script|pre|style|!--)').replace('tag', block$1._tag) // tables can be interrupted by type (6) html blocks
+       .getRegex();
+       /**
+        * Pedantic grammar (original John Gruber's loose markdown specification)
+        */
 
-           return behavior;
-       }
+       block$1.pedantic = merge$1({}, block$1.normal, {
+         html: edit('^ *(?:comment *(?:\\n|\\s*$)' + '|<(tag)[\\s\\S]+?</\\1> *(?:\\n{2,}|\\s*$)' // closed tag
+         + '|<tag(?:"[^"]*"|\'[^\']*\'|\\s[^\'"/>\\s]*)*?/?> *(?:\\n{2,}|\\s*$))').replace('comment', block$1._comment).replace(/tag/g, '(?!(?:' + 'a|em|strong|small|s|cite|q|dfn|abbr|data|time|code|var|samp|kbd|sub' + '|sup|i|b|u|mark|ruby|rt|rp|bdi|bdo|span|br|wbr|ins|del|img)' + '\\b)\\w+(?!:|[^\\w\\s@]*@)\\b').getRegex(),
+         def: /^ *\[([^\]]+)\]: *<?([^\s>]+)>?(?: +(["(][^\n]+[")]))? *(?:\n+|$)/,
+         heading: /^(#{1,6})(.*)(?:\n+|$)/,
+         fences: noopTest,
+         // fences not supported
+         paragraph: edit(block$1.normal._paragraph).replace('hr', block$1.hr).replace('heading', ' *#{1,6} *[^\n]').replace('lheading', block$1.lheading).replace('blockquote', ' {0,3}>').replace('|fences', '').replace('|list', '').replace('|html', '').getRegex()
+       });
+       /**
+        * Inline-Level Grammar
+        */
 
-       function behaviorDrawWay(context, wayID, mode, startGraph) {
+       var inline$1 = {
+         escape: /^\\([!"#$%&'()*+,\-./:;<=>?@\[\]\\^_`{|}~])/,
+         autolink: /^<(scheme:[^\s\x00-\x1f<>]*|email)>/,
+         url: noopTest,
+         tag: '^comment' + '|^</[a-zA-Z][\\w:-]*\\s*>' // self-closing tag
+         + '|^<[a-zA-Z][\\w-]*(?:attribute)*?\\s*/?>' // open tag
+         + '|^<\\?[\\s\\S]*?\\?>' // processing instruction, e.g. <?php ?>
+         + '|^<![a-zA-Z]+\\s[\\s\\S]*?>' // declaration, e.g. <!DOCTYPE html>
+         + '|^<!\\[CDATA\\[[\\s\\S]*?\\]\\]>',
+         // CDATA section
+         link: /^!?\[(label)\]\(\s*(href)(?:\s+(title))?\s*\)/,
+         reflink: /^!?\[(label)\]\[(?!\s*\])((?:\\[\[\]]?|[^\[\]\\])+)\]/,
+         nolink: /^!?\[(?!\s*\])((?:\[[^\[\]]*\]|\\[\[\]]|[^\[\]])*)\](?:\[\])?/,
+         reflinkSearch: 'reflink|nolink(?!\\()',
+         emStrong: {
+           lDelim: /^(?:\*+(?:([punct_])|[^\s*]))|^_+(?:([punct*])|([^\s_]))/,
+           //        (1) and (2) can only be a Right Delimiter. (3) and (4) can only be Left.  (5) and (6) can be either Left or Right.
+           //        () Skip other delimiter (1) #***                   (2) a***#, a***                   (3) #***a, ***a                 (4) ***#              (5) #***#                 (6) a***a
+           rDelimAst: /\_\_[^_*]*?\*[^_*]*?\_\_|[punct_](\*+)(?=[\s]|$)|[^punct*_\s](\*+)(?=[punct_\s]|$)|[punct_\s](\*+)(?=[^punct*_\s])|[\s](\*+)(?=[punct_])|[punct_](\*+)(?=[punct_])|[^punct*_\s](\*+)(?=[^punct*_\s])/,
+           rDelimUnd: /\*\*[^_*]*?\_[^_*]*?\*\*|[punct*](\_+)(?=[\s]|$)|[^punct*_\s](\_+)(?=[punct*\s]|$)|[punct*\s](\_+)(?=[^punct*_\s])|[\s](\_+)(?=[punct*])|[punct*](\_+)(?=[punct*])/ // ^- Not allowed for _
+
+         },
+         code: /^(`+)([^`]|[^`][\s\S]*?[^`])\1(?!`)/,
+         br: /^( {2,}|\\)\n(?!\s*$)/,
+         del: noopTest,
+         text: /^(`+|[^`])(?:(?= {2,}\n)|[\s\S]*?(?:(?=[\\<!\[`*_]|\b_|$)|[^ ](?= {2,}\n)))/,
+         punctuation: /^([\spunctuation])/
+       }; // list of punctuation marks from CommonMark spec
+       // without * and _ to handle the different emphasis markers * and _
+
+       inline$1._punctuation = '!"#$%&\'()+\\-.,/:;<=>?@\\[\\]`^{|}~';
+       inline$1.punctuation = edit(inline$1.punctuation).replace(/punctuation/g, inline$1._punctuation).getRegex(); // sequences em should skip over [title](link), `code`, <html>
+
+       inline$1.blockSkip = /\[[^\]]*?\]\([^\)]*?\)|`[^`]*?`|<[^>]*?>/g;
+       inline$1.escapedEmSt = /\\\*|\\_/g;
+       inline$1._comment = edit(block$1._comment).replace('(?:-->|$)', '-->').getRegex();
+       inline$1.emStrong.lDelim = edit(inline$1.emStrong.lDelim).replace(/punct/g, inline$1._punctuation).getRegex();
+       inline$1.emStrong.rDelimAst = edit(inline$1.emStrong.rDelimAst, 'g').replace(/punct/g, inline$1._punctuation).getRegex();
+       inline$1.emStrong.rDelimUnd = edit(inline$1.emStrong.rDelimUnd, 'g').replace(/punct/g, inline$1._punctuation).getRegex();
+       inline$1._escapes = /\\([!"#$%&'()*+,\-./:;<=>?@\[\]\\^_`{|}~])/g;
+       inline$1._scheme = /[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9+.-]{1,31}/;
+       inline$1._email = /[a-zA-Z0-9.!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+(@)[a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?(?:\.[a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?)+(?![-_])/;
+       inline$1.autolink = edit(inline$1.autolink).replace('scheme', inline$1._scheme).replace('email', inline$1._email).getRegex();
+       inline$1._attribute = /\s+[a-zA-Z:_][\w.:-]*(?:\s*=\s*"[^"]*"|\s*=\s*'[^']*'|\s*=\s*[^\s"'=<>`]+)?/;
+       inline$1.tag = edit(inline$1.tag).replace('comment', inline$1._comment).replace('attribute', inline$1._attribute).getRegex();
+       inline$1._label = /(?:\[(?:\\.|[^\[\]\\])*\]|\\.|`[^`]*`|[^\[\]\\`])*?/;
+       inline$1._href = /<(?:\\.|[^\n<>\\])+>|[^\s\x00-\x1f]*/;
+       inline$1._title = /"(?:\\"?|[^"\\])*"|'(?:\\'?|[^'\\])*'|\((?:\\\)?|[^)\\])*\)/;
+       inline$1.link = edit(inline$1.link).replace('label', inline$1._label).replace('href', inline$1._href).replace('title', inline$1._title).getRegex();
+       inline$1.reflink = edit(inline$1.reflink).replace('label', inline$1._label).getRegex();
+       inline$1.reflinkSearch = edit(inline$1.reflinkSearch, 'g').replace('reflink', inline$1.reflink).replace('nolink', inline$1.nolink).getRegex();
+       /**
+        * Normal Inline Grammar
+        */
 
-           var dispatch$1 = dispatch('rejectedSelfIntersection');
+       inline$1.normal = merge$1({}, inline$1);
+       /**
+        * Pedantic Inline Grammar
+        */
 
-           var behavior = behaviorDraw(context);
+       inline$1.pedantic = merge$1({}, inline$1.normal, {
+         strong: {
+           start: /^__|\*\*/,
+           middle: /^__(?=\S)([\s\S]*?\S)__(?!_)|^\*\*(?=\S)([\s\S]*?\S)\*\*(?!\*)/,
+           endAst: /\*\*(?!\*)/g,
+           endUnd: /__(?!_)/g
+         },
+         em: {
+           start: /^_|\*/,
+           middle: /^()\*(?=\S)([\s\S]*?\S)\*(?!\*)|^_(?=\S)([\s\S]*?\S)_(?!_)/,
+           endAst: /\*(?!\*)/g,
+           endUnd: /_(?!_)/g
+         },
+         link: edit(/^!?\[(label)\]\((.*?)\)/).replace('label', inline$1._label).getRegex(),
+         reflink: edit(/^!?\[(label)\]\s*\[([^\]]*)\]/).replace('label', inline$1._label).getRegex()
+       });
+       /**
+        * GFM Inline Grammar
+        */
 
-           // Must be set by `drawWay.nodeIndex` before each install of this behavior.
-           var _nodeIndex;
+       inline$1.gfm = merge$1({}, inline$1.normal, {
+         escape: edit(inline$1.escape).replace('])', '~|])').getRegex(),
+         _extended_email: /[A-Za-z0-9._+-]+(@)[a-zA-Z0-9-_]+(?:\.[a-zA-Z0-9-_]*[a-zA-Z0-9])+(?![-_])/,
+         url: /^((?:ftp|https?):\/\/|www\.)(?:[a-zA-Z0-9\-]+\.?)+[^\s<]*|^email/,
+         _backpedal: /(?:[^?!.,:;*_~()&]+|\([^)]*\)|&(?![a-zA-Z0-9]+;$)|[?!.,:;*_~)]+(?!$))+/,
+         del: /^(~~?)(?=[^\s~])([\s\S]*?[^\s~])\1(?=[^~]|$)/,
+         text: /^([`~]+|[^`~])(?:(?= {2,}\n)|(?=[a-zA-Z0-9.!#$%&'*+\/=?_`{\|}~-]+@)|[\s\S]*?(?:(?=[\\<!\[`*~_]|\b_|https?:\/\/|ftp:\/\/|www\.|$)|[^ ](?= {2,}\n)|[^a-zA-Z0-9.!#$%&'*+\/=?_`{\|}~-](?=[a-zA-Z0-9.!#$%&'*+\/=?_`{\|}~-]+@)))/
+       });
+       inline$1.gfm.url = edit(inline$1.gfm.url, 'i').replace('email', inline$1.gfm._extended_email).getRegex();
+       /**
+        * GFM + Line Breaks Inline Grammar
+        */
 
-           var _origWay;
-           var _wayGeometry;
-           var _headNodeID;
-           var _annotation;
+       inline$1.breaks = merge$1({}, inline$1.gfm, {
+         br: edit(inline$1.br).replace('{2,}', '*').getRegex(),
+         text: edit(inline$1.gfm.text).replace('\\b_', '\\b_| {2,}\\n').replace(/\{2,\}/g, '*').getRegex()
+       });
+       var rules = {
+         block: block$1,
+         inline: inline$1
+       };
 
-           var _pointerHasMoved = false;
+       var defaults$3 = defaults$5.defaults;
+       var block = rules.block,
+           inline = rules.inline;
+       var repeatString = helpers.repeatString;
+       /**
+        * smartypants text replacement
+        */
 
-           // The osmNode to be placed.
-           // This is temporary and just follows the mouse cursor until an "add" event occurs.
-           var _drawNode;
+       function smartypants(text) {
+         return text // em-dashes
+         .replace(/---/g, "\u2014") // en-dashes
+         .replace(/--/g, "\u2013") // opening singles
+         .replace(/(^|[-\u2014/(\[{"\s])'/g, "$1\u2018") // closing singles & apostrophes
+         .replace(/'/g, "\u2019") // opening doubles
+         .replace(/(^|[-\u2014/(\[{\u2018\s])"/g, "$1\u201C") // closing doubles
+         .replace(/"/g, "\u201D") // ellipses
+         .replace(/\.{3}/g, "\u2026");
+       }
+       /**
+        * mangle email addresses
+        */
 
-           var _didResolveTempEdit = false;
 
-           function createDrawNode(loc) {
-               // don't make the draw node until we actually need it
-               _drawNode = osmNode({ loc: loc });
+       function mangle(text) {
+         var out = '',
+             i,
+             ch;
+         var l = text.length;
 
-               context.pauseChangeDispatch();
-               context.replace(function actionAddDrawNode(graph) {
-                   // add the draw node to the graph and insert it into the way
-                   var way = graph.entity(wayID);
-                   return graph
-                       .replace(_drawNode)
-                       .replace(way.addNode(_drawNode.id, _nodeIndex));
-               }, _annotation);
-               context.resumeChangeDispatch();
+         for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
+           ch = text.charCodeAt(i);
 
-               setActiveElements();
+           if (Math.random() > 0.5) {
+             ch = 'x' + ch.toString(16);
            }
 
-           function removeDrawNode() {
+           out += '&#' + ch + ';';
+         }
 
-               context.pauseChangeDispatch();
-               context.replace(
-                   function actionDeleteDrawNode(graph) {
-                      var way = graph.entity(wayID);
-                      return graph
-                          .replace(way.removeNode(_drawNode.id))
-                          .remove(_drawNode);
-                  },
-                   _annotation
-               );
-               _drawNode = undefined;
-               context.resumeChangeDispatch();
-           }
+         return out;
+       }
+       /**
+        * Block Lexer
+        */
 
 
-           function keydown() {
-               if (event.keyCode === utilKeybinding.modifierCodes.alt) {
-                   if (context.surface().classed('nope')) {
-                       context.surface()
-                           .classed('nope-suppressed', true);
-                   }
-                   context.surface()
-                       .classed('nope', false)
-                       .classed('nope-disabled', true);
-               }
-           }
+       var Lexer_1 = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
+         function Lexer(options) {
+           _classCallCheck$1(this, Lexer);
 
+           this.tokens = [];
+           this.tokens.links = Object.create(null);
+           this.options = options || defaults$3;
+           this.options.tokenizer = this.options.tokenizer || new Tokenizer_1();
+           this.tokenizer = this.options.tokenizer;
+           this.tokenizer.options = this.options;
+           var rules = {
+             block: block.normal,
+             inline: inline.normal
+           };
 
-           function keyup() {
-               if (event.keyCode === utilKeybinding.modifierCodes.alt) {
-                   if (context.surface().classed('nope-suppressed')) {
-                       context.surface()
-                           .classed('nope', true);
-                   }
-                   context.surface()
-                       .classed('nope-suppressed', false)
-                       .classed('nope-disabled', false);
-               }
+           if (this.options.pedantic) {
+             rules.block = block.pedantic;
+             rules.inline = inline.pedantic;
+           } else if (this.options.gfm) {
+             rules.block = block.gfm;
+
+             if (this.options.breaks) {
+               rules.inline = inline.breaks;
+             } else {
+               rules.inline = inline.gfm;
+             }
            }
 
+           this.tokenizer.rules = rules;
+         }
+         /**
+          * Expose Rules
+          */
+
 
-           function allowsVertex(d) {
-               return d.geometry(context.graph()) === 'vertex' || _mainPresetIndex.allowsVertex(d, context.graph());
+         _createClass$1(Lexer, [{
+           key: "lex",
+           value:
+           /**
+            * Preprocessing
+            */
+           function lex(src) {
+             src = src.replace(/\r\n|\r/g, '\n').replace(/\t/g, '    ');
+             this.blockTokens(src, this.tokens, true);
+             this.inline(this.tokens);
+             return this.tokens;
            }
+           /**
+            * Lexing
+            */
+
+         }, {
+           key: "blockTokens",
+           value: function blockTokens(src) {
+             var tokens = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : [];
+             var top = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : true;
 
+             if (this.options.pedantic) {
+               src = src.replace(/^ +$/gm, '');
+             }
 
-           // related code
-           // - `mode/drag_node.js`     `doMove()`
-           // - `behavior/draw.js`      `click()`
-           // - `behavior/draw_way.js`  `move()`
-           function move(datum) {
+             var token, i, l, lastToken;
 
-               var loc = context.map().mouseCoordinates();
+             while (src) {
+               // newline
+               if (token = this.tokenizer.space(src)) {
+                 src = src.substring(token.raw.length);
 
-               if (!_drawNode) createDrawNode(loc);
+                 if (token.type) {
+                   tokens.push(token);
+                 }
 
-               context.surface().classed('nope-disabled', event.altKey);
+                 continue;
+               } // code
 
-               var targetLoc = datum && datum.properties && datum.properties.entity &&
-                   allowsVertex(datum.properties.entity) && datum.properties.entity.loc;
-               var targetNodes = datum && datum.properties && datum.properties.nodes;
 
-               if (targetLoc) {   // snap to node/vertex - a point target with `.loc`
-                   loc = targetLoc;
+               if (token = this.tokenizer.code(src)) {
+                 src = src.substring(token.raw.length);
+                 lastToken = tokens[tokens.length - 1]; // An indented code block cannot interrupt a paragraph.
 
-               } else if (targetNodes) {   // snap to way - a line target with `.nodes`
-                   var choice = geoChooseEdge(targetNodes, context.map().mouse(), context.projection, _drawNode.id);
-                   if (choice) {
-                       loc = choice.loc;
-                   }
-               }
+                 if (lastToken && lastToken.type === 'paragraph') {
+                   lastToken.raw += '\n' + token.raw;
+                   lastToken.text += '\n' + token.text;
+                 } else {
+                   tokens.push(token);
+                 }
 
-               context.replace(actionMoveNode(_drawNode.id, loc), _annotation);
-               _drawNode = context.entity(_drawNode.id);
-               checkGeometry(true /* includeDrawNode */);
-           }
+                 continue;
+               } // fences
 
 
-           // Check whether this edit causes the geometry to break.
-           // If so, class the surface with a nope cursor.
-           // `includeDrawNode` - Only check the relevant line segments if finishing drawing
-           function checkGeometry(includeDrawNode) {
-               var nopeDisabled = context.surface().classed('nope-disabled');
-               var isInvalid = isInvalidGeometry(includeDrawNode);
+               if (token = this.tokenizer.fences(src)) {
+                 src = src.substring(token.raw.length);
+                 tokens.push(token);
+                 continue;
+               } // heading
 
-               if (nopeDisabled) {
-                   context.surface()
-                       .classed('nope', false)
-                       .classed('nope-suppressed', isInvalid);
-               } else {
-                   context.surface()
-                       .classed('nope', isInvalid)
-                       .classed('nope-suppressed', false);
-               }
-           }
 
+               if (token = this.tokenizer.heading(src)) {
+                 src = src.substring(token.raw.length);
+                 tokens.push(token);
+                 continue;
+               } // table no leading pipe (gfm)
 
-           function isInvalidGeometry(includeDrawNode) {
 
-               var testNode = _drawNode;
+               if (token = this.tokenizer.nptable(src)) {
+                 src = src.substring(token.raw.length);
+                 tokens.push(token);
+                 continue;
+               } // hr
 
-               // we only need to test the single way we're drawing
-               var parentWay = context.graph().entity(wayID);
-               var nodes = context.graph().childNodes(parentWay).slice();  // shallow copy
 
-               if (includeDrawNode) {
-                   if (parentWay.isClosed()) {
-                       // don't test the last segment for closed ways - #4655
-                       // (still test the first segement)
-                       nodes.pop();
-                   }
-               } else { // discount the draw node
+               if (token = this.tokenizer.hr(src)) {
+                 src = src.substring(token.raw.length);
+                 tokens.push(token);
+                 continue;
+               } // blockquote
 
-                   if (parentWay.isClosed()) {
-                       if (nodes.length < 3) return false;
-                       if (_drawNode) nodes.splice(-2, 1);
-                       testNode = nodes[nodes.length - 2];
-                   } else {
-                       // there's nothing we need to test if we ignore the draw node on open ways
-                       return false;
-                   }
-               }
 
-               return testNode && geoHasSelfIntersections(nodes, testNode.id);
-           }
+               if (token = this.tokenizer.blockquote(src)) {
+                 src = src.substring(token.raw.length);
+                 token.tokens = this.blockTokens(token.text, [], top);
+                 tokens.push(token);
+                 continue;
+               } // list
 
 
-           function undone() {
+               if (token = this.tokenizer.list(src)) {
+                 src = src.substring(token.raw.length);
+                 l = token.items.length;
 
-               // undoing removed the temp edit
-               _didResolveTempEdit = true;
+                 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
+                   token.items[i].tokens = this.blockTokens(token.items[i].text, [], false);
+                 }
 
-               context.pauseChangeDispatch();
+                 tokens.push(token);
+                 continue;
+               } // html
 
-               var nextMode;
 
-               if (context.graph() === startGraph) { // we've undone back to the beginning
-                   nextMode = modeSelect(context, [wayID]);
-               } else {
-                   context.history()
-                       .on('undone.draw', null);
-                   // remove whatever segment was drawn previously
-                   context.undo();
+               if (token = this.tokenizer.html(src)) {
+                 src = src.substring(token.raw.length);
+                 tokens.push(token);
+                 continue;
+               } // def
 
-                   if (context.graph() === startGraph) { // we've undone back to the beginning
-                       nextMode = modeSelect(context, [wayID]);
-                   } else {
-                       // continue drawing
-                       nextMode = mode;
-                   }
-               }
 
-               // clear the redo stack by adding and removing an edit
-               context.perform(actionNoop());
-               context.pop(1);
+               if (top && (token = this.tokenizer.def(src))) {
+                 src = src.substring(token.raw.length);
 
-               context.resumeChangeDispatch();
-               context.enter(nextMode);
-           }
+                 if (!this.tokens.links[token.tag]) {
+                   this.tokens.links[token.tag] = {
+                     href: token.href,
+                     title: token.title
+                   };
+                 }
 
+                 continue;
+               } // table (gfm)
 
-           function setActiveElements() {
-               if (!_drawNode) return;
 
-               context.surface().selectAll('.' + _drawNode.id)
-                   .classed('active', true);
-           }
+               if (token = this.tokenizer.table(src)) {
+                 src = src.substring(token.raw.length);
+                 tokens.push(token);
+                 continue;
+               } // lheading
 
 
-           function resetToStartGraph() {
-               while (context.graph() !== startGraph) {
-                   context.pop();
-               }
-           }
+               if (token = this.tokenizer.lheading(src)) {
+                 src = src.substring(token.raw.length);
+                 tokens.push(token);
+                 continue;
+               } // top-level paragraph
 
 
-           var drawWay = function(surface) {
-               _drawNode = undefined;
-               _didResolveTempEdit = false;
-               _origWay = context.entity(wayID);
-               _headNodeID = typeof _nodeIndex === 'number' ? _origWay.nodes[_nodeIndex] :
-                   (_origWay.isClosed() ? _origWay.nodes[_origWay.nodes.length - 2] : _origWay.nodes[_origWay.nodes.length - 1]);
-               _wayGeometry = _origWay.geometry(context.graph());
-               _annotation = _t((_origWay.isDegenerate() ?
-                   'operations.start.annotation.' :
-                   'operations.continue.annotation.') + _wayGeometry
-               );
-               _pointerHasMoved = false;
-
-               // Push an annotated state for undo to return back to.
-               // We must make sure to replace or remove it later.
-               context.pauseChangeDispatch();
-               context.perform(actionNoop(), _annotation);
-               context.resumeChangeDispatch();
-
-               behavior.hover()
-                   .initialNodeID(_headNodeID);
-
-               behavior
-                   .on('move', function() {
-                       _pointerHasMoved = true;
-                       move.apply(this, arguments);
-                   })
-                   .on('down', function() {
-                       move.apply(this, arguments);
-                   })
-                   .on('downcancel', function() {
-                       if (_drawNode) removeDrawNode();
-                   })
-                   .on('click', drawWay.add)
-                   .on('clickWay', drawWay.addWay)
-                   .on('clickNode', drawWay.addNode)
-                   .on('undo', context.undo)
-                   .on('cancel', drawWay.cancel)
-                   .on('finish', drawWay.finish);
-
-               select(window)
-                   .on('keydown.drawWay', keydown)
-                   .on('keyup.drawWay', keyup);
-
-               context.map()
-                   .dblclickZoomEnable(false)
-                   .on('drawn.draw', setActiveElements);
-
-               setActiveElements();
-
-               surface.call(behavior);
-
-               context.history()
-                   .on('undone.draw', undone);
-           };
+               if (top && (token = this.tokenizer.paragraph(src))) {
+                 src = src.substring(token.raw.length);
+                 tokens.push(token);
+                 continue;
+               } // text
 
 
-           drawWay.off = function(surface) {
+               if (token = this.tokenizer.text(src)) {
+                 src = src.substring(token.raw.length);
+                 lastToken = tokens[tokens.length - 1];
 
-               if (!_didResolveTempEdit) {
-                   // Drawing was interrupted unexpectedly.
-                   // This can happen if the user changes modes,
-                   // clicks geolocate button, a hashchange event occurs, etc.
+                 if (lastToken && lastToken.type === 'text') {
+                   lastToken.raw += '\n' + token.raw;
+                   lastToken.text += '\n' + token.text;
+                 } else {
+                   tokens.push(token);
+                 }
 
-                   context.pauseChangeDispatch();
-                   resetToStartGraph();
-                   context.resumeChangeDispatch();
+                 continue;
                }
 
-               _drawNode = undefined;
-               _nodeIndex = undefined;
+               if (src) {
+                 var errMsg = 'Infinite loop on byte: ' + src.charCodeAt(0);
+
+                 if (this.options.silent) {
+                   console.error(errMsg);
+                   break;
+                 } else {
+                   throw new Error(errMsg);
+                 }
+               }
+             }
 
-               context.map()
-                   .on('drawn.draw', null);
+             return tokens;
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "inline",
+           value: function inline(tokens) {
+             var i, j, k, l2, row, token;
+             var l = tokens.length;
+
+             for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
+               token = tokens[i];
+
+               switch (token.type) {
+                 case 'paragraph':
+                 case 'text':
+                 case 'heading':
+                   {
+                     token.tokens = [];
+                     this.inlineTokens(token.text, token.tokens);
+                     break;
+                   }
 
-               surface.call(behavior.off)
-                   .selectAll('.active')
-                   .classed('active', false);
+                 case 'table':
+                   {
+                     token.tokens = {
+                       header: [],
+                       cells: []
+                     }; // header
 
-               surface
-                   .classed('nope', false)
-                   .classed('nope-suppressed', false)
-                   .classed('nope-disabled', false);
+                     l2 = token.header.length;
 
-               select(window)
-                   .on('keydown.drawWay', null)
-                   .on('keyup.drawWay', null);
+                     for (j = 0; j < l2; j++) {
+                       token.tokens.header[j] = [];
+                       this.inlineTokens(token.header[j], token.tokens.header[j]);
+                     } // cells
 
-               context.history()
-                   .on('undone.draw', null);
-           };
 
+                     l2 = token.cells.length;
 
-           function attemptAdd(d, loc, doAdd) {
+                     for (j = 0; j < l2; j++) {
+                       row = token.cells[j];
+                       token.tokens.cells[j] = [];
 
-               if (_drawNode) {
-                   // move the node to the final loc in case move wasn't called
-                   // consistently (e.g. on touch devices)
-                   context.replace(actionMoveNode(_drawNode.id, loc), _annotation);
-                   _drawNode = context.entity(_drawNode.id);
-               } else {
-                   createDrawNode(loc);
-               }
+                       for (k = 0; k < row.length; k++) {
+                         token.tokens.cells[j][k] = [];
+                         this.inlineTokens(row[k], token.tokens.cells[j][k]);
+                       }
+                     }
 
-               checkGeometry(true /* includeDrawNode */);
-               if ((d && d.properties && d.properties.nope) || context.surface().classed('nope')) {
-                   if (!_pointerHasMoved) {
-                       // prevent the temporary draw node from appearing on touch devices
-                       removeDrawNode();
+                     break;
                    }
-                   dispatch$1.call('rejectedSelfIntersection', this);
-                   return;   // can't click here
-               }
 
-               context.pauseChangeDispatch();
-               doAdd();
-               // we just replaced the temporary edit with the real one
-               _didResolveTempEdit = true;
-               context.resumeChangeDispatch();
+                 case 'blockquote':
+                   {
+                     this.inline(token.tokens);
+                     break;
+                   }
 
-               context.enter(mode);
-           }
+                 case 'list':
+                   {
+                     l2 = token.items.length;
 
+                     for (j = 0; j < l2; j++) {
+                       this.inline(token.items[j].tokens);
+                     }
 
-           // Accept the current position of the drawing node
-           drawWay.add = function(loc, d) {
-               attemptAdd(d, loc, function() {
-                   // don't need to do anything extra
-               });
-           };
+                     break;
+                   }
+               }
+             }
 
+             return tokens;
+           }
+           /**
+            * Lexing/Compiling
+            */
 
-           // Connect the way to an existing way
-           drawWay.addWay = function(loc, edge, d) {
-               attemptAdd(d, loc, function() {
-                   context.replace(
-                       actionAddMidpoint({ loc: loc, edge: edge }, _drawNode),
-                       _annotation
-                   );
-               });
-           };
+         }, {
+           key: "inlineTokens",
+           value: function inlineTokens(src) {
+             var tokens = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : [];
+             var inLink = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : false;
+             var inRawBlock = arguments.length > 3 && arguments[3] !== undefined ? arguments[3] : false;
+             var token, lastToken; // String with links masked to avoid interference with em and strong
 
+             var maskedSrc = src;
+             var match;
+             var keepPrevChar, prevChar; // Mask out reflinks
 
-           // Connect the way to an existing node
-           drawWay.addNode = function(node, d) {
+             if (this.tokens.links) {
+               var links = Object.keys(this.tokens.links);
 
-               // finish drawing if the mapper targets the prior node
-               if (node.id === _headNodeID ||
-                   // or the first node when drawing an area
-                   (_origWay.isClosed() && node.id === _origWay.first())) {
-                   drawWay.finish();
-                   return;
+               if (links.length > 0) {
+                 while ((match = this.tokenizer.rules.inline.reflinkSearch.exec(maskedSrc)) != null) {
+                   if (links.includes(match[0].slice(match[0].lastIndexOf('[') + 1, -1))) {
+                     maskedSrc = maskedSrc.slice(0, match.index) + '[' + repeatString('a', match[0].length - 2) + ']' + maskedSrc.slice(this.tokenizer.rules.inline.reflinkSearch.lastIndex);
+                   }
+                 }
                }
+             } // Mask out other blocks
 
-               attemptAdd(d, node.loc, function() {
-                   context.replace(
-                       function actionReplaceDrawNode(graph) {
-                           // remove the temporary draw node and insert the existing node
-                           // at the same index
-
-                           graph = graph
-                               .replace(graph.entity(wayID).removeNode(_drawNode.id))
-                               .remove(_drawNode);
-                           return graph
-                               .replace(graph.entity(wayID).addNode(node.id, _nodeIndex));
-                       },
-                       _annotation
-                   );
-               });
-           };
 
+             while ((match = this.tokenizer.rules.inline.blockSkip.exec(maskedSrc)) != null) {
+               maskedSrc = maskedSrc.slice(0, match.index) + '[' + repeatString('a', match[0].length - 2) + ']' + maskedSrc.slice(this.tokenizer.rules.inline.blockSkip.lastIndex);
+             } // Mask out escaped em & strong delimiters
 
-           // Finish the draw operation, removing the temporary edit.
-           // If the way has enough nodes to be valid, it's selected.
-           // Otherwise, delete everything and return to browse mode.
-           drawWay.finish = function() {
-               checkGeometry(false /* includeDrawNode */);
-               if (context.surface().classed('nope')) {
-                   dispatch$1.call('rejectedSelfIntersection', this);
-                   return;   // can't click here
-               }
 
-               context.pauseChangeDispatch();
-               // remove the temporary edit
-               context.pop(1);
-               _didResolveTempEdit = true;
-               context.resumeChangeDispatch();
+             while ((match = this.tokenizer.rules.inline.escapedEmSt.exec(maskedSrc)) != null) {
+               maskedSrc = maskedSrc.slice(0, match.index) + '++' + maskedSrc.slice(this.tokenizer.rules.inline.escapedEmSt.lastIndex);
+             }
 
-               var way = context.hasEntity(wayID);
-               if (!way || way.isDegenerate()) {
-                   drawWay.cancel();
-                   return;
+             while (src) {
+               if (!keepPrevChar) {
+                 prevChar = '';
                }
 
-               window.setTimeout(function() {
-                   context.map().dblclickZoomEnable(true);
-               }, 1000);
+               keepPrevChar = false; // escape
 
-               var isNewFeature = !mode.isContinuing;
-               context.enter(modeSelect(context, [wayID]).newFeature(isNewFeature));
-           };
+               if (token = this.tokenizer.escape(src)) {
+                 src = src.substring(token.raw.length);
+                 tokens.push(token);
+                 continue;
+               } // tag
 
 
-           // Cancel the draw operation, delete everything, and return to browse mode.
-           drawWay.cancel = function() {
-               context.pauseChangeDispatch();
-               resetToStartGraph();
-               context.resumeChangeDispatch();
+               if (token = this.tokenizer.tag(src, inLink, inRawBlock)) {
+                 src = src.substring(token.raw.length);
+                 inLink = token.inLink;
+                 inRawBlock = token.inRawBlock;
+                 var _lastToken = tokens[tokens.length - 1];
 
-               window.setTimeout(function() {
-                   context.map().dblclickZoomEnable(true);
-               }, 1000);
+                 if (_lastToken && token.type === 'text' && _lastToken.type === 'text') {
+                   _lastToken.raw += token.raw;
+                   _lastToken.text += token.text;
+                 } else {
+                   tokens.push(token);
+                 }
 
-               context.surface()
-                   .classed('nope', false)
-                   .classed('nope-disabled', false)
-                   .classed('nope-suppressed', false);
+                 continue;
+               } // link
 
-               context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
-           };
 
+               if (token = this.tokenizer.link(src)) {
+                 src = src.substring(token.raw.length);
 
-           drawWay.nodeIndex = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _nodeIndex;
-               _nodeIndex = val;
-               return drawWay;
-           };
+                 if (token.type === 'link') {
+                   token.tokens = this.inlineTokens(token.text, [], true, inRawBlock);
+                 }
 
+                 tokens.push(token);
+                 continue;
+               } // reflink, nolink
 
-           drawWay.activeID = function() {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _drawNode && _drawNode.id;
-               // no assign
-               return drawWay;
-           };
 
+               if (token = this.tokenizer.reflink(src, this.tokens.links)) {
+                 src = src.substring(token.raw.length);
+                 var _lastToken2 = tokens[tokens.length - 1];
 
-           return utilRebind(drawWay, dispatch$1, 'on');
-       }
+                 if (token.type === 'link') {
+                   token.tokens = this.inlineTokens(token.text, [], true, inRawBlock);
+                   tokens.push(token);
+                 } else if (_lastToken2 && token.type === 'text' && _lastToken2.type === 'text') {
+                   _lastToken2.raw += token.raw;
+                   _lastToken2.text += token.text;
+                 } else {
+                   tokens.push(token);
+                 }
 
-       function modeDrawLine(context, wayID, startGraph, button, affix, continuing) {
-           var mode = {
-               button: button,
-               id: 'draw-line'
-           };
+                 continue;
+               } // em & strong
 
-           var behavior = behaviorDrawWay(context, wayID, mode, startGraph)
-               .on('rejectedSelfIntersection.modeDrawLine', function() {
-                   context.ui().flash
-                       .text(_t('self_intersection.error.lines'))();
-               });
 
-           mode.wayID = wayID;
+               if (token = this.tokenizer.emStrong(src, maskedSrc, prevChar)) {
+                 src = src.substring(token.raw.length);
+                 token.tokens = this.inlineTokens(token.text, [], inLink, inRawBlock);
+                 tokens.push(token);
+                 continue;
+               } // code
 
-           mode.isContinuing = continuing;
 
-           mode.enter = function() {
-               behavior
-                   .nodeIndex(affix === 'prefix' ? 0 : undefined);
+               if (token = this.tokenizer.codespan(src)) {
+                 src = src.substring(token.raw.length);
+                 tokens.push(token);
+                 continue;
+               } // br
 
-               context.install(behavior);
-           };
 
-           mode.exit = function() {
-               context.uninstall(behavior);
-           };
+               if (token = this.tokenizer.br(src)) {
+                 src = src.substring(token.raw.length);
+                 tokens.push(token);
+                 continue;
+               } // del (gfm)
 
-           mode.selectedIDs = function() {
-               return [wayID];
-           };
 
-           mode.activeID = function() {
-               return (behavior && behavior.activeID()) || [];
-           };
+               if (token = this.tokenizer.del(src)) {
+                 src = src.substring(token.raw.length);
+                 token.tokens = this.inlineTokens(token.text, [], inLink, inRawBlock);
+                 tokens.push(token);
+                 continue;
+               } // autolink
 
-           return mode;
-       }
 
-       function operationContinue(context, selectedIDs) {
-           var graph = context.graph();
-           var entities = selectedIDs.map(function(id) { return graph.entity(id); });
-           var geometries = Object.assign(
-               { line: [], vertex: [] },
-               utilArrayGroupBy(entities, function(entity) { return entity.geometry(graph); })
-           );
-           var vertex = geometries.vertex[0];
+               if (token = this.tokenizer.autolink(src, mangle)) {
+                 src = src.substring(token.raw.length);
+                 tokens.push(token);
+                 continue;
+               } // url (gfm)
 
 
-           function candidateWays() {
-               return graph.parentWays(vertex).filter(function(parent) {
-                   return parent.geometry(graph) === 'line' &&
-                       !parent.isClosed() &&
-                       parent.affix(vertex.id) &&
-                       (geometries.line.length === 0 || geometries.line[0] === parent);
-               });
-           }
+               if (!inLink && (token = this.tokenizer.url(src, mangle))) {
+                 src = src.substring(token.raw.length);
+                 tokens.push(token);
+                 continue;
+               } // text
 
 
-           var operation = function() {
-               var candidate = candidateWays()[0];
-               context.enter(
-                   modeDrawLine(context, candidate.id, context.graph(), 'line', candidate.affix(vertex.id), true)
-               );
-           };
+               if (token = this.tokenizer.inlineText(src, inRawBlock, smartypants)) {
+                 src = src.substring(token.raw.length);
 
+                 if (token.raw.slice(-1) !== '_') {
+                   // Track prevChar before string of ____ started
+                   prevChar = token.raw.slice(-1);
+                 }
 
-           operation.available = function() {
-               return geometries.vertex.length === 1 &&
-                   geometries.line.length <= 1 &&
-                   !context.features().hasHiddenConnections(vertex, context.graph());
-           };
+                 keepPrevChar = true;
+                 lastToken = tokens[tokens.length - 1];
 
+                 if (lastToken && lastToken.type === 'text') {
+                   lastToken.raw += token.raw;
+                   lastToken.text += token.text;
+                 } else {
+                   tokens.push(token);
+                 }
 
-           operation.disabled = function() {
-               var candidates = candidateWays();
-               if (candidates.length === 0) {
-                   return 'not_eligible';
-               } else if (candidates.length > 1) {
-                   return 'multiple';
+                 continue;
                }
 
-               return false;
-           };
+               if (src) {
+                 var errMsg = 'Infinite loop on byte: ' + src.charCodeAt(0);
 
+                 if (this.options.silent) {
+                   console.error(errMsg);
+                   break;
+                 } else {
+                   throw new Error(errMsg);
+                 }
+               }
+             }
 
-           operation.tooltip = function() {
-               var disable = operation.disabled();
-               return disable ?
-                   _t('operations.continue.' + disable) :
-                   _t('operations.continue.description');
-           };
-
+             return tokens;
+           }
+         }], [{
+           key: "rules",
+           get: function get() {
+             return {
+               block: block,
+               inline: inline
+             };
+           }
+           /**
+            * Static Lex Method
+            */
 
-           operation.annotation = function() {
-               return _t('operations.continue.annotation.line');
-           };
+         }, {
+           key: "lex",
+           value: function lex(src, options) {
+             var lexer = new Lexer(options);
+             return lexer.lex(src);
+           }
+           /**
+            * Static Lex Inline Method
+            */
 
+         }, {
+           key: "lexInline",
+           value: function lexInline(src, options) {
+             var lexer = new Lexer(options);
+             return lexer.inlineTokens(src);
+           }
+         }]);
 
-           operation.id = 'continue';
-           operation.keys = [_t('operations.continue.key')];
-           operation.title = _t('operations.continue.title');
-           operation.behavior = behaviorOperation(context).which(operation);
+         return Lexer;
+       }();
 
-           return operation;
-       }
+       var defaults$2 = defaults$5.defaults;
+       var cleanUrl = helpers.cleanUrl,
+           escape$2 = helpers.escape;
+       /**
+        * Renderer
+        */
 
-       function operationCopy(context, selectedIDs) {
+       var Renderer_1 = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
+         function Renderer(options) {
+           _classCallCheck$1(this, Renderer);
 
-           var _multi = selectedIDs.length === 1 ? 'single' : 'multiple';
+           this.options = options || defaults$2;
+         }
 
-           function getFilteredIdsToCopy() {
-               return selectedIDs.filter(function(selectedID) {
-                   var entity = context.graph().hasEntity(selectedID);
-                   // don't copy untagged vertices separately from ways
-                   return entity.hasInterestingTags() || entity.geometry(context.graph()) !== 'vertex';
-               });
-           }
+         _createClass$1(Renderer, [{
+           key: "code",
+           value: function code(_code, infostring, escaped) {
+             var lang = (infostring || '').match(/\S*/)[0];
 
-           var operation = function() {
+             if (this.options.highlight) {
+               var out = this.options.highlight(_code, lang);
 
-               if (!getSelectionText()) {
-                   event.preventDefault();
+               if (out != null && out !== _code) {
+                 escaped = true;
+                 _code = out;
                }
+             }
 
-               var graph = context.graph();
-               var selected = groupEntities(getFilteredIdsToCopy(), graph);
-               var canCopy = [];
-               var skip = {};
-               var entity;
-               var i;
+             _code = _code.replace(/\n$/, '') + '\n';
 
-               for (i = 0; i < selected.relation.length; i++) {
-                   entity = selected.relation[i];
-                   if (!skip[entity.id] && entity.isComplete(graph)) {
-                       canCopy.push(entity.id);
-                       skip = getDescendants(entity.id, graph, skip);
-                   }
-               }
-               for (i = 0; i < selected.way.length; i++) {
-                   entity = selected.way[i];
-                   if (!skip[entity.id]) {
-                       canCopy.push(entity.id);
-                       skip = getDescendants(entity.id, graph, skip);
-                   }
-               }
-               for (i = 0; i < selected.node.length; i++) {
-                   entity = selected.node[i];
-                   if (!skip[entity.id]) {
-                       canCopy.push(entity.id);
-                   }
-               }
+             if (!lang) {
+               return '<pre><code>' + (escaped ? _code : escape$2(_code, true)) + '</code></pre>\n';
+             }
 
-               context.copyIDs(canCopy);
-               if (_point &&
-                   (canCopy.length !== 1 || graph.entity(canCopy[0]).type !== 'node')) {
-                   // store the anchor coordinates if copying more than a single node
-                   context.copyLonLat(context.projection.invert(_point));
-               } else {
-                   context.copyLonLat(null);
-               }
+             return '<pre><code class="' + this.options.langPrefix + escape$2(lang, true) + '">' + (escaped ? _code : escape$2(_code, true)) + '</code></pre>\n';
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "blockquote",
+           value: function blockquote(quote) {
+             return '<blockquote>\n' + quote + '</blockquote>\n';
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "html",
+           value: function html(_html) {
+             return _html;
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "heading",
+           value: function heading(text, level, raw, slugger) {
+             if (this.options.headerIds) {
+               return '<h' + level + ' id="' + this.options.headerPrefix + slugger.slug(raw) + '">' + text + '</h' + level + '>\n';
+             } // ignore IDs
 
-           };
 
+             return '<h' + level + '>' + text + '</h' + level + '>\n';
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "hr",
+           value: function hr() {
+             return this.options.xhtml ? '<hr/>\n' : '<hr>\n';
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "list",
+           value: function list(body, ordered, start) {
+             var type = ordered ? 'ol' : 'ul',
+                 startatt = ordered && start !== 1 ? ' start="' + start + '"' : '';
+             return '<' + type + startatt + '>\n' + body + '</' + type + '>\n';
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "listitem",
+           value: function listitem(text) {
+             return '<li>' + text + '</li>\n';
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "checkbox",
+           value: function checkbox(checked) {
+             return '<input ' + (checked ? 'checked="" ' : '') + 'disabled="" type="checkbox"' + (this.options.xhtml ? ' /' : '') + '> ';
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "paragraph",
+           value: function paragraph(text) {
+             return '<p>' + text + '</p>\n';
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "table",
+           value: function table(header, body) {
+             if (body) body = '<tbody>' + body + '</tbody>';
+             return '<table>\n' + '<thead>\n' + header + '</thead>\n' + body + '</table>\n';
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "tablerow",
+           value: function tablerow(content) {
+             return '<tr>\n' + content + '</tr>\n';
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "tablecell",
+           value: function tablecell(content, flags) {
+             var type = flags.header ? 'th' : 'td';
+             var tag = flags.align ? '<' + type + ' align="' + flags.align + '">' : '<' + type + '>';
+             return tag + content + '</' + type + '>\n';
+           } // span level renderer
 
-           function groupEntities(ids, graph) {
-               var entities = ids.map(function (id) { return graph.entity(id); });
-               return Object.assign(
-                   { relation: [], way: [], node: [] },
-                   utilArrayGroupBy(entities, 'type')
-               );
+         }, {
+           key: "strong",
+           value: function strong(text) {
+             return '<strong>' + text + '</strong>';
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "em",
+           value: function em(text) {
+             return '<em>' + text + '</em>';
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "codespan",
+           value: function codespan(text) {
+             return '<code>' + text + '</code>';
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "br",
+           value: function br() {
+             return this.options.xhtml ? '<br/>' : '<br>';
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "del",
+           value: function del(text) {
+             return '<del>' + text + '</del>';
            }
+         }, {
+           key: "link",
+           value: function link(href, title, text) {
+             href = cleanUrl(this.options.sanitize, this.options.baseUrl, href);
 
+             if (href === null) {
+               return text;
+             }
 
-           function getDescendants(id, graph, descendants) {
-               var entity = graph.entity(id);
-               var children;
+             var out = '<a href="' + escape$2(href) + '"';
 
-               descendants = descendants || {};
+             if (title) {
+               out += ' title="' + title + '"';
+             }
 
-               if (entity.type === 'relation') {
-                   children = entity.members.map(function(m) { return m.id; });
-               } else if (entity.type === 'way') {
-                   children = entity.nodes;
-               } else {
-                   children = [];
-               }
+             out += '>' + text + '</a>';
+             return out;
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "image",
+           value: function image(href, title, text) {
+             href = cleanUrl(this.options.sanitize, this.options.baseUrl, href);
 
-               for (var i = 0; i < children.length; i++) {
-                   if (!descendants[children[i]]) {
-                       descendants[children[i]] = true;
-                       descendants = getDescendants(children[i], graph, descendants);
-                   }
-               }
+             if (href === null) {
+               return text;
+             }
 
-               return descendants;
-           }
+             var out = '<img src="' + href + '" alt="' + text + '"';
 
+             if (title) {
+               out += ' title="' + title + '"';
+             }
 
-           function getSelectionText() {
-               return window.getSelection().toString();
+             out += this.options.xhtml ? '/>' : '>';
+             return out;
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "text",
+           value: function text(_text) {
+             return _text;
            }
+         }]);
 
+         return Renderer;
+       }();
 
-           operation.available = function() {
-               return getFilteredIdsToCopy().length > 0;
-           };
+       /**
+        * TextRenderer
+        * returns only the textual part of the token
+        */
+       var TextRenderer_1 = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
+         function TextRenderer() {
+           _classCallCheck$1(this, TextRenderer);
+         }
 
+         _createClass$1(TextRenderer, [{
+           key: "strong",
+           value: // no need for block level renderers
+           function strong(text) {
+             return text;
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "em",
+           value: function em(text) {
+             return text;
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "codespan",
+           value: function codespan(text) {
+             return text;
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "del",
+           value: function del(text) {
+             return text;
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "html",
+           value: function html(text) {
+             return text;
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "text",
+           value: function text(_text) {
+             return _text;
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "link",
+           value: function link(href, title, text) {
+             return '' + text;
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "image",
+           value: function image(href, title, text) {
+             return '' + text;
+           }
+         }, {
+           key: "br",
+           value: function br() {
+             return '';
+           }
+         }]);
 
-           operation.disabled = function() {
-               var extent = utilTotalExtent(getFilteredIdsToCopy(), context.graph());
-               if (extent.percentContainedIn(context.map().extent()) < 0.8) {
-                   return 'too_large';
-               }
-               return false;
-           };
+         return TextRenderer;
+       }();
 
+       /**
+        * Slugger generates header id
+        */
+       var Slugger_1 = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
+         function Slugger() {
+           _classCallCheck$1(this, Slugger);
 
-           operation.tooltip = function() {
-               var disable = operation.disabled();
-               return disable ?
-                   _t('operations.copy.' + disable + '.' + _multi) :
-                   _t('operations.copy.description' + '.' + _multi);
-           };
+           this.seen = {};
+         }
 
+         _createClass$1(Slugger, [{
+           key: "serialize",
+           value: function serialize(value) {
+             return value.toLowerCase().trim() // remove html tags
+             .replace(/<[!\/a-z].*?>/ig, '') // remove unwanted chars
+             .replace(/[\u2000-\u206F\u2E00-\u2E7F\\'!"#$%&()*+,./:;<=>?@[\]^`{|}~]/g, '').replace(/\s/g, '-');
+           }
+           /**
+            * Finds the next safe (unique) slug to use
+            */
 
-           operation.annotation = function() {
-               return selectedIDs.length === 1 ?
-                   _t('operations.copy.annotation.single') :
-                   _t('operations.copy.annotation.multiple', { n: selectedIDs.length.toString() });
-           };
+         }, {
+           key: "getNextSafeSlug",
+           value: function getNextSafeSlug(originalSlug, isDryRun) {
+             var slug = originalSlug;
+             var occurenceAccumulator = 0;
 
+             if (this.seen.hasOwnProperty(slug)) {
+               occurenceAccumulator = this.seen[originalSlug];
 
-           var _point;
-           operation.point = function(val) {
-               _point = val;
-               return operation;
-           };
+               do {
+                 occurenceAccumulator++;
+                 slug = originalSlug + '-' + occurenceAccumulator;
+               } while (this.seen.hasOwnProperty(slug));
+             }
 
+             if (!isDryRun) {
+               this.seen[originalSlug] = occurenceAccumulator;
+               this.seen[slug] = 0;
+             }
 
-           operation.id = 'copy';
-           operation.keys = [uiCmd('⌘C')];
-           operation.title = _t('operations.copy.title');
-           operation.behavior = behaviorOperation(context).which(operation);
+             return slug;
+           }
+           /**
+            * Convert string to unique id
+            * @param {object} options
+            * @param {boolean} options.dryrun Generates the next unique slug without updating the internal accumulator.
+            */
 
-           return operation;
-       }
+         }, {
+           key: "slug",
+           value: function slug(value) {
+             var options = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};
+             var slug = this.serialize(value);
+             return this.getNextSafeSlug(slug, options.dryrun);
+           }
+         }]);
 
-       function operationDisconnect(context, selectedIDs) {
-           var _vertexIDs = [];
-           var _wayIDs = [];
-           var _otherIDs = [];
-           var _actions = [];
+         return Slugger;
+       }();
 
-           selectedIDs.forEach(function(id) {
-               var entity = context.entity(id);
-               if (entity.type === 'way'){
-                   _wayIDs.push(id);
-               } else if (entity.geometry(context.graph()) === 'vertex') {
-                   _vertexIDs.push(id);
-               } else {
-                   _otherIDs.push(id);
-               }
-           });
+       var defaults$1 = defaults$5.defaults;
+       var unescape$1 = helpers.unescape;
+       /**
+        * Parsing & Compiling
+        */
 
-           var _extent, _nodes, _coords, _descriptionID = '', _annotationID = 'features';
+       var Parser_1 = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
+         function Parser(options) {
+           _classCallCheck$1(this, Parser);
 
-           if (_vertexIDs.length > 0) {
-               // At the selected vertices, disconnect the selected ways, if any, else
-               // disconnect all connected ways
+           this.options = options || defaults$1;
+           this.options.renderer = this.options.renderer || new Renderer_1();
+           this.renderer = this.options.renderer;
+           this.renderer.options = this.options;
+           this.textRenderer = new TextRenderer_1();
+           this.slugger = new Slugger_1();
+         }
+         /**
+          * Static Parse Method
+          */
 
-               _extent = utilTotalExtent(_vertexIDs, context.graph());
 
-               _vertexIDs.forEach(function(vertexID) {
-                   var action = actionDisconnect(vertexID);
+         _createClass$1(Parser, [{
+           key: "parse",
+           value:
+           /**
+            * Parse Loop
+            */
+           function parse(tokens) {
+             var top = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : true;
+             var out = '',
+                 i,
+                 j,
+                 k,
+                 l2,
+                 l3,
+                 row,
+                 cell,
+                 header,
+                 body,
+                 token,
+                 ordered,
+                 start,
+                 loose,
+                 itemBody,
+                 item,
+                 checked,
+                 task,
+                 checkbox;
+             var l = tokens.length;
+
+             for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
+               token = tokens[i];
+
+               switch (token.type) {
+                 case 'space':
+                   {
+                     continue;
+                   }
 
-                   if (_wayIDs.length > 0) {
-                       var waysIDsForVertex = _wayIDs.filter(function(wayID) {
-                           var way = context.entity(wayID);
-                           return way.nodes.indexOf(vertexID) !== -1;
-                       });
-                       action.limitWays(waysIDsForVertex);
+                 case 'hr':
+                   {
+                     out += this.renderer.hr();
+                     continue;
                    }
-                   _actions.push(action);
-               });
 
-               _descriptionID += _actions.length === 1 ? 'single_point.' : 'multiple_points.';
-               if (_wayIDs.length === 1) {
-                   _descriptionID += 'single_way.' + context.graph().geometry(_wayIDs[0]);
-               } else {
-                   _descriptionID += _wayIDs.length === 0 ? 'no_ways' : 'multiple_ways';
-               }
+                 case 'heading':
+                   {
+                     out += this.renderer.heading(this.parseInline(token.tokens), token.depth, unescape$1(this.parseInline(token.tokens, this.textRenderer)), this.slugger);
+                     continue;
+                   }
 
-           } else if (_wayIDs.length > 0) {
-               // Disconnect the selected ways from each other, if they're connected,
-               // else disconnect them from all connected ways
+                 case 'code':
+                   {
+                     out += this.renderer.code(token.text, token.lang, token.escaped);
+                     continue;
+                   }
 
-               var ways = _wayIDs.map(function(id) {
-                   return context.entity(id);
-               });
-               _nodes = utilGetAllNodes(_wayIDs, context.graph());
-               _coords = _nodes.map(function(n) { return n.loc; });
-               _extent = utilTotalExtent(ways, context.graph());
-
-               // actions for connected nodes shared by at least two selected ways
-               var sharedActions = [];
-               // actions for connected nodes
-               var unsharedActions = [];
-
-               _nodes.forEach(function(node) {
-                   var action = actionDisconnect(node.id).limitWays(_wayIDs);
-                   if (action.disabled(context.graph()) !== 'not_connected') {
-
-                       var count = 0;
-                       for (var i in ways) {
-                           var way = ways[i];
-                           if (way.nodes.indexOf(node.id) !== -1) {
-                               count += 1;
-                           }
-                           if (count > 1) break;
-                       }
+                 case 'table':
+                   {
+                     header = ''; // header
 
-                       if (count > 1) {
-                           sharedActions.push(action);
-                       } else {
-                           unsharedActions.push(action);
-                       }
-                   }
-               });
+                     cell = '';
+                     l2 = token.header.length;
 
-               _descriptionID += 'no_points.';
-               _descriptionID += _wayIDs.length === 1 ? 'single_way.' : 'multiple_ways.';
+                     for (j = 0; j < l2; j++) {
+                       cell += this.renderer.tablecell(this.parseInline(token.tokens.header[j]), {
+                         header: true,
+                         align: token.align[j]
+                       });
+                     }
 
-               if (sharedActions.length) {
-                   // if any nodes are shared, only disconnect the selected ways from each other
-                   _actions = sharedActions;
-                   _descriptionID += 'conjoined';
-                   _annotationID = 'from_each_other';
-               } else {
-                   // if no nodes are shared, disconnect the selected ways from all connected ways
-                   _actions = unsharedActions;
-                   if (_wayIDs.length === 1) {
-                       _descriptionID += context.graph().geometry(_wayIDs[0]);
-                   } else {
-                       _descriptionID += 'separate';
-                   }
-               }
-           }
+                     header += this.renderer.tablerow(cell);
+                     body = '';
+                     l2 = token.cells.length;
 
+                     for (j = 0; j < l2; j++) {
+                       row = token.tokens.cells[j];
+                       cell = '';
+                       l3 = row.length;
 
-           var operation = function() {
-               context.perform(function(graph) {
-                   return _actions.reduce(function(graph, action) { return action(graph); }, graph);
-               }, operation.annotation());
+                       for (k = 0; k < l3; k++) {
+                         cell += this.renderer.tablecell(this.parseInline(row[k]), {
+                           header: false,
+                           align: token.align[k]
+                         });
+                       }
 
-               context.validator().validate();
-           };
+                       body += this.renderer.tablerow(cell);
+                     }
 
+                     out += this.renderer.table(header, body);
+                     continue;
+                   }
 
-           operation.available = function() {
-               if (_actions.length === 0) return false;
-               if (_otherIDs.length !== 0) return false;
+                 case 'blockquote':
+                   {
+                     body = this.parse(token.tokens);
+                     out += this.renderer.blockquote(body);
+                     continue;
+                   }
 
-               if (_vertexIDs.length !== 0 && _wayIDs.length !== 0 && !_wayIDs.every(function(wayID) {
-                   return _vertexIDs.some(function(vertexID) {
-                       var way = context.entity(wayID);
-                       return way.nodes.indexOf(vertexID) !== -1;
-                   });
-               })) return false;
+                 case 'list':
+                   {
+                     ordered = token.ordered;
+                     start = token.start;
+                     loose = token.loose;
+                     l2 = token.items.length;
+                     body = '';
+
+                     for (j = 0; j < l2; j++) {
+                       item = token.items[j];
+                       checked = item.checked;
+                       task = item.task;
+                       itemBody = '';
+
+                       if (item.task) {
+                         checkbox = this.renderer.checkbox(checked);
+
+                         if (loose) {
+                           if (item.tokens.length > 0 && item.tokens[0].type === 'text') {
+                             item.tokens[0].text = checkbox + ' ' + item.tokens[0].text;
+
+                             if (item.tokens[0].tokens && item.tokens[0].tokens.length > 0 && item.tokens[0].tokens[0].type === 'text') {
+                               item.tokens[0].tokens[0].text = checkbox + ' ' + item.tokens[0].tokens[0].text;
+                             }
+                           } else {
+                             item.tokens.unshift({
+                               type: 'text',
+                               text: checkbox
+                             });
+                           }
+                         } else {
+                           itemBody += checkbox;
+                         }
+                       }
 
-               return true;
-           };
+                       itemBody += this.parse(item.tokens, loose);
+                       body += this.renderer.listitem(itemBody, task, checked);
+                     }
 
+                     out += this.renderer.list(body, ordered, start);
+                     continue;
+                   }
 
-           operation.disabled = function() {
-               var reason;
-               for (var actionIndex in _actions) {
-                   reason = _actions[actionIndex].disabled(context.graph());
-                   if (reason) return reason;
-               }
+                 case 'html':
+                   {
+                     // TODO parse inline content if parameter markdown=1
+                     out += this.renderer.html(token.text);
+                     continue;
+                   }
 
-               if (_extent && _extent.percentContainedIn(context.map().extent()) < 0.8) {
-                   return 'too_large.' + ((_vertexIDs.length ? _vertexIDs : _wayIDs).length === 1 ? 'single' : 'multiple');
-               } else if (_coords && someMissing()) {
-                   return 'not_downloaded';
-               } else if (selectedIDs.some(context.hasHiddenConnections)) {
-                   return 'connected_to_hidden';
-               }
+                 case 'paragraph':
+                   {
+                     out += this.renderer.paragraph(this.parseInline(token.tokens));
+                     continue;
+                   }
 
-               return false;
+                 case 'text':
+                   {
+                     body = token.tokens ? this.parseInline(token.tokens) : token.text;
 
+                     while (i + 1 < l && tokens[i + 1].type === 'text') {
+                       token = tokens[++i];
+                       body += '\n' + (token.tokens ? this.parseInline(token.tokens) : token.text);
+                     }
 
-               function someMissing() {
-                   if (context.inIntro()) return false;
-                   var osm = context.connection();
-                   if (osm) {
-                       var missing = _coords.filter(function(loc) { return !osm.isDataLoaded(loc); });
-                       if (missing.length) {
-                           missing.forEach(function(loc) { context.loadTileAtLoc(loc); });
-                           return true;
-                       }
+                     out += top ? this.renderer.paragraph(body) : body;
+                     continue;
                    }
-                   return false;
-               }
-           };
 
+                 default:
+                   {
+                     var errMsg = 'Token with "' + token.type + '" type was not found.';
 
-           operation.tooltip = function() {
-               var disable = operation.disabled();
-               if (disable) {
-                   return _t('operations.disconnect.' + disable);
+                     if (this.options.silent) {
+                       console.error(errMsg);
+                       return;
+                     } else {
+                       throw new Error(errMsg);
+                     }
+                   }
                }
-               return _t('operations.disconnect.description.' + _descriptionID);
-           };
-
+             }
 
-           operation.annotation = function() {
-               return _t('operations.disconnect.annotation.' + _annotationID);
-           };
+             return out;
+           }
+           /**
+            * Parse Inline Tokens
+            */
 
+         }, {
+           key: "parseInline",
+           value: function parseInline(tokens, renderer) {
+             renderer = renderer || this.renderer;
+             var out = '',
+                 i,
+                 token;
+             var l = tokens.length;
+
+             for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
+               token = tokens[i];
+
+               switch (token.type) {
+                 case 'escape':
+                   {
+                     out += renderer.text(token.text);
+                     break;
+                   }
 
-           operation.id = 'disconnect';
-           operation.keys = [_t('operations.disconnect.key')];
-           operation.title = _t('operations.disconnect.title');
-           operation.behavior = behaviorOperation(context).which(operation);
+                 case 'html':
+                   {
+                     out += renderer.html(token.text);
+                     break;
+                   }
 
-           return operation;
-       }
+                 case 'link':
+                   {
+                     out += renderer.link(token.href, token.title, this.parseInline(token.tokens, renderer));
+                     break;
+                   }
 
-       function operationDowngrade(context, selectedIDs) {
-           var affectedFeatureCount = 0;
-           var downgradeType;
+                 case 'image':
+                   {
+                     out += renderer.image(token.href, token.title, token.text);
+                     break;
+                   }
 
-           setDowngradeTypeForEntityIDs();
+                 case 'strong':
+                   {
+                     out += renderer.strong(this.parseInline(token.tokens, renderer));
+                     break;
+                   }
 
-           var multi = affectedFeatureCount === 1 ? 'single' : 'multiple';
+                 case 'em':
+                   {
+                     out += renderer.em(this.parseInline(token.tokens, renderer));
+                     break;
+                   }
 
-           function setDowngradeTypeForEntityIDs() {
-               for (var i in selectedIDs) {
-                   var entityID = selectedIDs[i];
-                   var type = downgradeTypeForEntityID(entityID);
-                   if (type) {
-                       affectedFeatureCount += 1;
-                       if (downgradeType && type !== downgradeType) {
-                           downgradeType = 'building_address';
-                       } else {
-                           downgradeType = type;
-                       }
+                 case 'codespan':
+                   {
+                     out += renderer.codespan(token.text);
+                     break;
                    }
-               }
-           }
 
-           function downgradeTypeForEntityID(entityID) {
-               var graph = context.graph();
-               var entity = graph.entity(entityID);
-               var preset = _mainPresetIndex.match(entity, graph);
+                 case 'br':
+                   {
+                     out += renderer.br();
+                     break;
+                   }
 
-               if (!preset || preset.isFallback()) return null;
+                 case 'del':
+                   {
+                     out += renderer.del(this.parseInline(token.tokens, renderer));
+                     break;
+                   }
 
-               if (entity.type === 'node' &&
-                   preset.id !== 'address' &&
-                   Object.keys(entity.tags).some(function(key) {
-                       return key.match(/^addr:.{1,}/);
-                   })) {
+                 case 'text':
+                   {
+                     out += renderer.text(token.text);
+                     break;
+                   }
 
-                   return 'address';
-               }
-               if (entity.geometry(graph) === 'area' &&
-                   entity.tags.building &&
-                   !preset.tags.building) {
+                 default:
+                   {
+                     var errMsg = 'Token with "' + token.type + '" type was not found.';
 
-                   return 'building';
+                     if (this.options.silent) {
+                       console.error(errMsg);
+                       return;
+                     } else {
+                       throw new Error(errMsg);
+                     }
+                   }
                }
+             }
 
-               return null;
+             return out;
            }
+         }], [{
+           key: "parse",
+           value: function parse(tokens, options) {
+             var parser = new Parser(options);
+             return parser.parse(tokens);
+           }
+           /**
+            * Static Parse Inline Method
+            */
 
-           var buildingKeysToKeep = ['architect', 'building', 'height', 'layer', 'source', 'type', 'wheelchair'];
-           var addressKeysToKeep = ['source'];
-
-           var operation = function () {
-               context.perform(function(graph) {
+         }, {
+           key: "parseInline",
+           value: function parseInline(tokens, options) {
+             var parser = new Parser(options);
+             return parser.parseInline(tokens);
+           }
+         }]);
+
+         return Parser;
+       }();
+
+       var merge = helpers.merge,
+           checkSanitizeDeprecation = helpers.checkSanitizeDeprecation,
+           escape$1 = helpers.escape;
+       var getDefaults = defaults$5.getDefaults,
+           changeDefaults = defaults$5.changeDefaults,
+           defaults = defaults$5.defaults;
+       /**
+        * Marked
+        */
 
-                   for (var i in selectedIDs) {
-                       var entityID = selectedIDs[i];
-                       var type = downgradeTypeForEntityID(entityID);
-                       if (!type) continue;
+       function marked(src, opt, callback) {
+         // throw error in case of non string input
+         if (typeof src === 'undefined' || src === null) {
+           throw new Error('marked(): input parameter is undefined or null');
+         }
 
-                       var tags = Object.assign({}, graph.entity(entityID).tags);  // shallow copy
-                       for (var key in tags) {
-                           if (type === 'address' && addressKeysToKeep.indexOf(key) !== -1) continue;
-                           if (type === 'building') {
-                               if (buildingKeysToKeep.indexOf(key) !== -1 ||
-                                   key.match(/^building:.{1,}/) ||
-                                   key.match(/^roof:.{1,}/)) continue;
-                           }
-                           // keep address tags for buildings too
-                           if (key.match(/^addr:.{1,}/)) continue;
+         if (typeof src !== 'string') {
+           throw new Error('marked(): input parameter is of type ' + Object.prototype.toString.call(src) + ', string expected');
+         }
 
-                           delete tags[key];
-                       }
-                       graph = actionChangeTags(entityID, tags)(graph);
-                   }
-                   return graph;
-               }, operation.annotation());
+         if (typeof opt === 'function') {
+           callback = opt;
+           opt = null;
+         }
 
-               context.validator().validate();
+         opt = merge({}, marked.defaults, opt || {});
+         checkSanitizeDeprecation(opt);
 
-               // refresh the select mode to enable the delete operation
-               context.enter(modeSelect(context, selectedIDs));
-           };
+         if (callback) {
+           var highlight = opt.highlight;
+           var tokens;
 
+           try {
+             tokens = Lexer_1.lex(src, opt);
+           } catch (e) {
+             return callback(e);
+           }
 
-           operation.available = function () {
-               return downgradeType;
-           };
+           var done = function done(err) {
+             var out;
 
+             if (!err) {
+               try {
+                 if (opt.walkTokens) {
+                   marked.walkTokens(tokens, opt.walkTokens);
+                 }
 
-           operation.disabled = function () {
-               if (selectedIDs.some(hasWikidataTag)) {
-                   return 'has_wikidata_tag';
+                 out = Parser_1.parse(tokens, opt);
+               } catch (e) {
+                 err = e;
                }
-               return false;
+             }
 
-               function hasWikidataTag(id) {
-                   var entity = context.entity(id);
-                   return entity.tags.wikidata && entity.tags.wikidata.trim().length > 0;
-               }
+             opt.highlight = highlight;
+             return err ? callback(err) : callback(null, out);
            };
 
+           if (!highlight || highlight.length < 3) {
+             return done();
+           }
 
-           operation.tooltip = function () {
-               var disable = operation.disabled();
-               return disable ?
-                   _t('operations.downgrade.' + disable + '.' + multi) :
-                   _t('operations.downgrade.description.' + downgradeType);
-           };
+           delete opt.highlight;
+           if (!tokens.length) return done();
+           var pending = 0;
+           marked.walkTokens(tokens, function (token) {
+             if (token.type === 'code') {
+               pending++;
+               setTimeout(function () {
+                 highlight(token.text, token.lang, function (err, code) {
+                   if (err) {
+                     return done(err);
+                   }
 
+                   if (code != null && code !== token.text) {
+                     token.text = code;
+                     token.escaped = true;
+                   }
 
-           operation.annotation = function () {
-               var suffix;
-               if (downgradeType === 'building_address') {
-                   suffix = 'multiple';
-               } else {
-                   suffix = downgradeType + '.' + multi;
-               }
-               return _t('operations.downgrade.annotation.' + suffix, { n: affectedFeatureCount});
-           };
+                   pending--;
+
+                   if (pending === 0) {
+                     done();
+                   }
+                 });
+               }, 0);
+             }
+           });
+
+           if (pending === 0) {
+             done();
+           }
+
+           return;
+         }
+
+         try {
+           var _tokens = Lexer_1.lex(src, opt);
 
+           if (opt.walkTokens) {
+             marked.walkTokens(_tokens, opt.walkTokens);
+           }
 
-           operation.id = 'downgrade';
-           operation.keys = [uiCmd('⌘⌫'), uiCmd('⌘⌦'), uiCmd('⌦')];
-           operation.title = _t('operations.downgrade.title');
-           operation.behavior = behaviorOperation(context).which(operation);
+           return Parser_1.parse(_tokens, opt);
+         } catch (e) {
+           e.message += '\nPlease report this to https://github.com/markedjs/marked.';
 
+           if (opt.silent) {
+             return '<p>An error occurred:</p><pre>' + escape$1(e.message + '', true) + '</pre>';
+           }
 
-           return operation;
+           throw e;
+         }
        }
+       /**
+        * Options
+        */
 
-       function operationExtract(context, selectedIDs) {
 
-           var _amount = selectedIDs.length === 1 ? 'single' : 'multiple';
-           var _geometries = utilArrayUniq(selectedIDs.map(function(entityID) {
-               return context.graph().hasEntity(entityID) && context.graph().geometry(entityID);
-           }).filter(Boolean));
-           var _geometryID = _geometries.length === 1 ? _geometries[0] : 'feature';
+       marked.options = marked.setOptions = function (opt) {
+         merge(marked.defaults, opt);
+         changeDefaults(marked.defaults);
+         return marked;
+       };
 
-           var _extent;
-           var _actions = selectedIDs.map(function(entityID) {
-               var graph = context.graph();
-               var entity = graph.hasEntity(entityID);
-               if (!entity || !entity.hasInterestingTags()) return;
+       marked.getDefaults = getDefaults;
+       marked.defaults = defaults;
+       /**
+        * Use Extension
+        */
 
-               if (entity.type === 'node' && graph.parentWays(entity).length === 0) return;
+       marked.use = function (extension) {
+         var opts = merge({}, extension);
 
-               if (entity.type !== 'node') {
-                   var preset = _mainPresetIndex.match(entity, graph);
-                   // only allow extraction from ways/relations if the preset supports points
-                   if (preset.geometry.indexOf('point') === -1) return;
-               }
+         if (extension.renderer) {
+           (function () {
+             var renderer = marked.defaults.renderer || new Renderer_1();
 
-               _extent = _extent ? _extent.extend(entity.extent(graph)) : entity.extent(graph);
+             var _loop = function _loop(prop) {
+               var prevRenderer = renderer[prop];
 
-               return actionExtract(entityID);
-           }).filter(Boolean);
+               renderer[prop] = function () {
+                 for (var _len = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len), _key = 0; _key < _len; _key++) {
+                   args[_key] = arguments[_key];
+                 }
 
+                 var ret = extension.renderer[prop].apply(renderer, args);
 
-           var operation = function () {
-               var combinedAction = function(graph) {
-                   _actions.forEach(function(action) {
-                       graph = action(graph);
-                   });
-                   return graph;
+                 if (ret === false) {
+                   ret = prevRenderer.apply(renderer, args);
+                 }
+
+                 return ret;
                };
-               context.perform(combinedAction, operation.annotation());  // do the extract
+             };
 
-               var extractedNodeIDs = _actions.map(function(action) {
-                   return action.getExtractedNodeID();
-               });
-               context.enter(modeSelect(context, extractedNodeIDs));
-           };
+             for (var prop in extension.renderer) {
+               _loop(prop);
+             }
+
+             opts.renderer = renderer;
+           })();
+         }
 
+         if (extension.tokenizer) {
+           (function () {
+             var tokenizer = marked.defaults.tokenizer || new Tokenizer_1();
 
-           operation.available = function () {
-               return _actions.length && selectedIDs.length === _actions.length;
-           };
+             var _loop2 = function _loop2(prop) {
+               var prevTokenizer = tokenizer[prop];
 
+               tokenizer[prop] = function () {
+                 for (var _len2 = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len2), _key2 = 0; _key2 < _len2; _key2++) {
+                   args[_key2] = arguments[_key2];
+                 }
 
-           operation.disabled = function () {
+                 var ret = extension.tokenizer[prop].apply(tokenizer, args);
 
-               if (_extent && _extent.percentContainedIn(context.map().extent()) < 0.8) {
-                   return 'too_large';
-               } else if (selectedIDs.some(function(entityID) {
-                   return context.graph().geometry(entityID) === 'vertex' && context.hasHiddenConnections(entityID);
-               })) {
-                   return 'connected_to_hidden';
-               }
+                 if (ret === false) {
+                   ret = prevTokenizer.apply(tokenizer, args);
+                 }
 
-               return false;
-           };
+                 return ret;
+               };
+             };
 
+             for (var prop in extension.tokenizer) {
+               _loop2(prop);
+             }
 
-           operation.tooltip = function () {
-               var disableReason = operation.disabled();
-               if (disableReason) {
-                   return _t('operations.extract.' + disableReason + '.' + _amount);
-               } else {
-                   return _t('operations.extract.description.' + _geometryID + '.' + _amount);
-               }
-           };
+             opts.tokenizer = tokenizer;
+           })();
+         }
+
+         if (extension.walkTokens) {
+           var walkTokens = marked.defaults.walkTokens;
 
+           opts.walkTokens = function (token) {
+             extension.walkTokens(token);
 
-           operation.annotation = function () {
-               return _t('operations.extract.annotation.' + _amount, { n: selectedIDs.length });
+             if (walkTokens) {
+               walkTokens(token);
+             }
            };
+         }
 
+         marked.setOptions(opts);
+       };
+       /**
+        * Run callback for every token
+        */
 
-           operation.id = 'extract';
-           operation.keys = [_t('operations.extract.key')];
-           operation.title = _t('operations.extract.title');
-           operation.behavior = behaviorOperation(context).which(operation);
 
+       marked.walkTokens = function (tokens, callback) {
+         var _iterator = _createForOfIteratorHelper(tokens),
+             _step;
 
-           return operation;
-       }
+         try {
+           for (_iterator.s(); !(_step = _iterator.n()).done;) {
+             var token = _step.value;
+             callback(token);
 
-       function operationMerge(context, selectedIDs) {
+             switch (token.type) {
+               case 'table':
+                 {
+                   var _iterator2 = _createForOfIteratorHelper(token.tokens.header),
+                       _step2;
 
-           var _action = getAction();
+                   try {
+                     for (_iterator2.s(); !(_step2 = _iterator2.n()).done;) {
+                       var cell = _step2.value;
+                       marked.walkTokens(cell, callback);
+                     }
+                   } catch (err) {
+                     _iterator2.e(err);
+                   } finally {
+                     _iterator2.f();
+                   }
 
-           function getAction() {
-               // prefer a non-disabled action first
-               var join = actionJoin(selectedIDs);
-               if (!join.disabled(context.graph())) return join;
+                   var _iterator3 = _createForOfIteratorHelper(token.tokens.cells),
+                       _step3;
 
-               var merge = actionMerge(selectedIDs);
-               if (!merge.disabled(context.graph())) return merge;
+                   try {
+                     for (_iterator3.s(); !(_step3 = _iterator3.n()).done;) {
+                       var row = _step3.value;
 
-               var mergePolygon = actionMergePolygon(selectedIDs);
-               if (!mergePolygon.disabled(context.graph())) return mergePolygon;
+                       var _iterator4 = _createForOfIteratorHelper(row),
+                           _step4;
+
+                       try {
+                         for (_iterator4.s(); !(_step4 = _iterator4.n()).done;) {
+                           var _cell = _step4.value;
+                           marked.walkTokens(_cell, callback);
+                         }
+                       } catch (err) {
+                         _iterator4.e(err);
+                       } finally {
+                         _iterator4.f();
+                       }
+                     }
+                   } catch (err) {
+                     _iterator3.e(err);
+                   } finally {
+                     _iterator3.f();
+                   }
 
-               var mergeNodes = actionMergeNodes(selectedIDs);
-               if (!mergeNodes.disabled(context.graph())) return mergeNodes;
+                   break;
+                 }
 
-               // otherwise prefer an action with an interesting disabled reason
-               if (join.disabled(context.graph()) !== 'not_eligible') return join;
-               if (merge.disabled(context.graph()) !== 'not_eligible') return merge;
-               if (mergePolygon.disabled(context.graph()) !== 'not_eligible') return mergePolygon;
+               case 'list':
+                 {
+                   marked.walkTokens(token.items, callback);
+                   break;
+                 }
 
-               return mergeNodes;
+               default:
+                 {
+                   if (token.tokens) {
+                     marked.walkTokens(token.tokens, callback);
+                   }
+                 }
+             }
            }
+         } catch (err) {
+           _iterator.e(err);
+         } finally {
+           _iterator.f();
+         }
+       };
+       /**
+        * Parse Inline
+        */
 
-           var operation = function() {
 
-               if (operation.disabled()) return;
+       marked.parseInline = function (src, opt) {
+         // throw error in case of non string input
+         if (typeof src === 'undefined' || src === null) {
+           throw new Error('marked.parseInline(): input parameter is undefined or null');
+         }
 
-               context.perform(_action, operation.annotation());
+         if (typeof src !== 'string') {
+           throw new Error('marked.parseInline(): input parameter is of type ' + Object.prototype.toString.call(src) + ', string expected');
+         }
 
-               context.validator().validate();
+         opt = merge({}, marked.defaults, opt || {});
+         checkSanitizeDeprecation(opt);
 
-               var resultIDs = selectedIDs.filter(context.hasEntity);
-               if (resultIDs.length > 1) {
-                   var interestingIDs = resultIDs.filter(function(id) {
-                       return context.entity(id).hasInterestingTags();
-                   });
-                   if (interestingIDs.length) resultIDs = interestingIDs;
-               }
-               context.enter(modeSelect(context, resultIDs));
-           };
+         try {
+           var tokens = Lexer_1.lexInline(src, opt);
 
-           operation.available = function() {
-               return selectedIDs.length >= 2;
-           };
+           if (opt.walkTokens) {
+             marked.walkTokens(tokens, opt.walkTokens);
+           }
 
-           operation.disabled = function() {
-               var actionDisabled = _action.disabled(context.graph());
-               if (actionDisabled) return actionDisabled;
+           return Parser_1.parseInline(tokens, opt);
+         } catch (e) {
+           e.message += '\nPlease report this to https://github.com/markedjs/marked.';
 
-               var osm = context.connection();
-               if (osm &&
-                   _action.resultingWayNodesLength &&
-                   _action.resultingWayNodesLength(context.graph()) > osm.maxWayNodes()) {
-                   return 'too_many_vertices';
-               }
+           if (opt.silent) {
+             return '<p>An error occurred:</p><pre>' + escape$1(e.message + '', true) + '</pre>';
+           }
 
-               return false;
-           };
+           throw e;
+         }
+       };
+       /**
+        * Expose
+        */
 
-           operation.tooltip = function() {
-               var disabled = operation.disabled();
-               if (disabled) {
-                   if (disabled === 'restriction') {
-                       return _t('operations.merge.restriction',
-                           { relation: _mainPresetIndex.item('type/restriction').name() });
-                   }
-                   return _t('operations.merge.' + disabled);
-               }
-               return _t('operations.merge.description');
-           };
 
-           operation.annotation = function() {
-               return _t('operations.merge.annotation', { n: selectedIDs.length });
-           };
+       marked.Parser = Parser_1;
+       marked.parser = Parser_1.parse;
+       marked.Renderer = Renderer_1;
+       marked.TextRenderer = TextRenderer_1;
+       marked.Lexer = Lexer_1;
+       marked.lexer = Lexer_1.lex;
+       marked.Tokenizer = Tokenizer_1;
+       marked.Slugger = Slugger_1;
+       marked.parse = marked;
+       var marked_1 = marked;
 
-           operation.id = 'merge';
-           operation.keys = [_t('operations.merge.key')];
-           operation.title = _t('operations.merge.title');
-           operation.behavior = behaviorOperation(context).which(operation);
+       var tiler$4 = utilTiler();
+       var dispatch$5 = dispatch$8('loaded');
+       var _tileZoom$1 = 14;
+       var _osmoseUrlRoot = 'https://osmose.openstreetmap.fr/api/0.3';
+       var _osmoseData = {
+         icons: {},
+         items: []
+       }; // This gets reassigned if reset
 
-           return operation;
-       }
+       var _cache;
 
-       // see also `behaviorPaste`
-       function operationPaste(context) {
+       function abortRequest$4(controller) {
+         if (controller) {
+           controller.abort();
+         }
+       }
 
-           var _pastePoint;
+       function abortUnwantedRequests$1(cache, tiles) {
+         Object.keys(cache.inflightTile).forEach(function (k) {
+           var wanted = tiles.find(function (tile) {
+             return k === tile.id;
+           });
 
-           var operation = function() {
+           if (!wanted) {
+             abortRequest$4(cache.inflightTile[k]);
+             delete cache.inflightTile[k];
+           }
+         });
+       }
 
-               if (!_pastePoint) return;
+       function encodeIssueRtree(d) {
+         return {
+           minX: d.loc[0],
+           minY: d.loc[1],
+           maxX: d.loc[0],
+           maxY: d.loc[1],
+           data: d
+         };
+       } // Replace or remove QAItem from rtree
 
-               var oldIDs = context.copyIDs();
-               if (!oldIDs.length) return;
 
-               var projection = context.projection;
-               var extent = geoExtent();
-               var oldGraph = context.copyGraph();
-               var newIDs = [];
+       function updateRtree$1(item, replace) {
+         _cache.rtree.remove(item, function (a, b) {
+           return a.data.id === b.data.id;
+         });
 
-               var action = actionCopyEntities(oldIDs, oldGraph);
-               context.perform(action);
+         if (replace) {
+           _cache.rtree.insert(item);
+         }
+       } // Issues shouldn't obscure each other
 
-               var copies = action.copies();
-               var originals = new Set();
-               Object.values(copies).forEach(function(entity) { originals.add(entity.id); });
 
-               for (var id in copies) {
-                   var oldEntity = oldGraph.entity(id);
-                   var newEntity = copies[id];
+       function preventCoincident(loc) {
+         var coincident = false;
 
-                   extent._extend(oldEntity.extent(oldGraph));
+         do {
+           // first time, move marker up. after that, move marker right.
+           var delta = coincident ? [0.00001, 0] : [0, 0.00001];
+           loc = geoVecAdd(loc, delta);
+           var bbox = geoExtent(loc).bbox();
+           coincident = _cache.rtree.search(bbox).length;
+         } while (coincident);
 
-                   // Exclude child nodes from newIDs if their parent way was also copied.
-                   var parents = context.graph().parentWays(newEntity);
-                   var parentCopied = parents.some(function(parent) {
-                       return originals.has(parent.id);
-                   });
+         return loc;
+       }
 
-                   if (!parentCopied) {
-                       newIDs.push(newEntity.id);
-                   }
-               }
+       var serviceOsmose = {
+         title: 'osmose',
+         init: function init() {
+           _mainFileFetcher.get('qa_data').then(function (d) {
+             _osmoseData = d.osmose;
+             _osmoseData.items = Object.keys(d.osmose.icons).map(function (s) {
+               return s.split('-')[0];
+             }).reduce(function (unique, item) {
+               return unique.indexOf(item) !== -1 ? unique : [].concat(_toConsumableArray(unique), [item]);
+             }, []);
+           });
 
-               // Use the location of the copy operation to offset the paste location,
-               // or else use the center of the pasted extent
-               var copyPoint = (context.copyLonLat() && projection(context.copyLonLat())) ||
-                   projection(extent.center());
-               var delta = geoVecSubtract(_pastePoint, copyPoint);
+           if (!_cache) {
+             this.reset();
+           }
 
-               // Move the pasted objects to be anchored at the paste location
-               context.replace(actionMove(newIDs, delta, projection), operation.annotation());
-               context.enter(modeSelect(context, newIDs));
-           };
+           this.event = utilRebind(this, dispatch$5, 'on');
+         },
+         reset: function reset() {
+           var _strings = {};
+           var _colors = {};
 
-           operation.point = function(val) {
-               _pastePoint = val;
-               return operation;
-           };
+           if (_cache) {
+             Object.values(_cache.inflightTile).forEach(abortRequest$4); // Strings and colors are static and should not be re-populated
 
-           operation.available = function() {
-               return context.mode().id === 'browse';
-           };
+             _strings = _cache.strings;
+             _colors = _cache.colors;
+           }
 
-           operation.disabled = function() {
-               return !context.copyIDs().length;
+           _cache = {
+             data: {},
+             loadedTile: {},
+             inflightTile: {},
+             inflightPost: {},
+             closed: {},
+             rtree: new RBush(),
+             strings: _strings,
+             colors: _colors
            };
+         },
+         loadIssues: function loadIssues(projection) {
+           var _this = this;
 
-           operation.tooltip = function() {
-               var oldGraph = context.copyGraph();
-               var ids = context.copyIDs();
-               if (!ids.length) {
-                   return _t('operations.paste.nothing_copied');
-               }
-               return ids.length === 1 ?
-                   _t('operations.paste.description.single', { feature: utilDisplayLabel(oldGraph.entity(ids[0]), oldGraph) }) :
-                   _t('operations.paste.description.multiple', { n: ids.length.toString() });
-           };
+           var params = {
+             // Tiles return a maximum # of issues
+             // So we want to filter our request for only types iD supports
+             item: _osmoseData.items
+           }; // determine the needed tiles to cover the view
 
-           operation.annotation = function() {
-               var ids = context.copyIDs();
-               return ids.length === 1 ?
-                   _t('operations.paste.annotation.single') :
-                   _t('operations.paste.annotation.multiple', { n: ids.length.toString() });
-           };
+           var tiles = tiler$4.zoomExtent([_tileZoom$1, _tileZoom$1]).getTiles(projection); // abort inflight requests that are no longer needed
 
-           operation.id = 'paste';
-           operation.keys = [uiCmd('⌘V')];
-           operation.title = _t('operations.paste.title');
+           abortUnwantedRequests$1(_cache, tiles); // issue new requests..
 
-           return operation;
-       }
+           tiles.forEach(function (tile) {
+             if (_cache.loadedTile[tile.id] || _cache.inflightTile[tile.id]) return;
 
-       function operationReverse(context, selectedIDs) {
+             var _tile$xyz = _slicedToArray(tile.xyz, 3),
+                 x = _tile$xyz[0],
+                 y = _tile$xyz[1],
+                 z = _tile$xyz[2];
 
-           var operation = function() {
-               context.perform(function combinedReverseAction(graph) {
-                   actions().forEach(function(action) {
-                       graph = action(graph);
-                   });
-                   return graph;
-               }, operation.annotation());
-               context.validator().validate();
-           };
+             var url = "".concat(_osmoseUrlRoot, "/issues/").concat(z, "/").concat(x, "/").concat(y, ".json?") + utilQsString(params);
+             var controller = new AbortController();
+             _cache.inflightTile[tile.id] = controller;
+             d3_json(url, {
+               signal: controller.signal
+             }).then(function (data) {
+               delete _cache.inflightTile[tile.id];
+               _cache.loadedTile[tile.id] = true;
+
+               if (data.features) {
+                 data.features.forEach(function (issue) {
+                   var _issue$properties = issue.properties,
+                       item = _issue$properties.item,
+                       cl = _issue$properties["class"],
+                       id = _issue$properties.uuid;
+                   /* Osmose issues are uniquely identified by a unique
+                     `item` and `class` combination (both integer values) */
+
+                   var itemType = "".concat(item, "-").concat(cl); // Filter out unsupported issue types (some are too specific or advanced)
+
+                   if (itemType in _osmoseData.icons) {
+                     var loc = issue.geometry.coordinates; // lon, lat
+
+                     loc = preventCoincident(loc);
+                     var d = new QAItem(loc, _this, itemType, id, {
+                       item: item
+                     }); // Setting elems here prevents UI detail requests
+
+                     if (item === 8300 || item === 8360) {
+                       d.elems = [];
+                     }
 
-           function actions(situation) {
-               return selectedIDs.map(function(entityID) {
-                   var entity = context.hasEntity(entityID);
-                   if (!entity) return;
+                     _cache.data[d.id] = d;
 
-                   if (situation === 'toolbar') {
-                       if (entity.type === 'way' &&
-                           (!entity.isOneWay() && !entity.isSided())) return;
+                     _cache.rtree.insert(encodeIssueRtree(d));
                    }
+                 });
+               }
 
-                   var geometry = entity.geometry(context.graph());
-                   if (entity.type !== 'node' && geometry !== 'line') return;
-
-                   var action = actionReverse(entityID);
-                   if (action.disabled(context.graph())) return;
-
-                   return action;
-               }).filter(Boolean);
-           }
+               dispatch$5.call('loaded');
+             })["catch"](function () {
+               delete _cache.inflightTile[tile.id];
+               _cache.loadedTile[tile.id] = true;
+             });
+           });
+         },
+         loadIssueDetail: function loadIssueDetail(issue) {
+           var _this2 = this;
 
-           function reverseTypeID() {
-               var acts = actions();
-               var nodeActionCount = acts.filter(function(act) {
-                   var entity = context.hasEntity(act.entityID());
-                   return entity && entity.type === 'node';
-               }).length;
-               var typeID = nodeActionCount === 0 ? 'line' : (nodeActionCount === acts.length ? 'point' : 'features');
-               if (typeID !== 'features' && acts.length > 1) typeID += 's';
-               return typeID;
+           // Issue details only need to be fetched once
+           if (issue.elems !== undefined) {
+             return Promise.resolve(issue);
            }
 
+           var url = "".concat(_osmoseUrlRoot, "/issue/").concat(issue.id, "?langs=").concat(_mainLocalizer.localeCode());
 
-           operation.available = function(situation) {
-               return actions(situation).length > 0;
-           };
+           var cacheDetails = function cacheDetails(data) {
+             // Associated elements used for highlighting
+             // Assign directly for immediate use in the callback
+             issue.elems = data.elems.map(function (e) {
+               return e.type.substring(0, 1) + e.id;
+             }); // Some issues have instance specific detail in a subtitle
 
+             issue.detail = data.subtitle ? marked_1(data.subtitle.auto) : '';
 
-           operation.disabled = function() {
-               return false;
+             _this2.replaceItem(issue);
            };
 
+           return d3_json(url).then(cacheDetails).then(function () {
+             return issue;
+           });
+         },
+         loadStrings: function loadStrings() {
+           var locale = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : _mainLocalizer.localeCode();
+           var items = Object.keys(_osmoseData.icons);
 
-           operation.tooltip = function() {
-               return _t('operations.reverse.description.' + reverseTypeID());
-           };
+           if (locale in _cache.strings && Object.keys(_cache.strings[locale]).length === items.length) {
+             return Promise.resolve(_cache.strings[locale]);
+           } // May be partially populated already if some requests were successful
 
 
-           operation.annotation = function() {
-               return _t('operations.reverse.annotation.' + reverseTypeID());
-           };
+           if (!(locale in _cache.strings)) {
+             _cache.strings[locale] = {};
+           } // Only need to cache strings for supported issue types
+           // Using multiple individual item + class requests to reduce fetched data size
 
 
-           operation.id = 'reverse';
-           operation.keys = [_t('operations.reverse.key')];
-           operation.title = _t('operations.reverse.title');
-           operation.behavior = behaviorOperation(context).which(operation);
+           var allRequests = items.map(function (itemType) {
+             // No need to request data we already have
+             if (itemType in _cache.strings[locale]) return null;
 
-           return operation;
-       }
+             var cacheData = function cacheData(data) {
+               // Bunch of nested single value arrays of objects
+               var _data$categories = _slicedToArray(data.categories, 1),
+                   _data$categories$ = _data$categories[0],
+                   cat = _data$categories$ === void 0 ? {
+                 items: []
+               } : _data$categories$;
 
-       function operationSplit(context, selectedIDs) {
-           var vertices = selectedIDs
-               .filter(function(id) { return context.graph().geometry(id) === 'vertex'; });
-           var entityID = vertices[0];
-           var action = actionSplit(entityID);
-           var ways = [];
+               var _cat$items = _slicedToArray(cat.items, 1),
+                   _cat$items$ = _cat$items[0],
+                   item = _cat$items$ === void 0 ? {
+                 "class": []
+               } : _cat$items$;
 
-           if (vertices.length === 1) {
-               if (entityID && selectedIDs.length > 1) {
-                   var ids = selectedIDs.filter(function(id) { return id !== entityID; });
-                   action.limitWays(ids);
-               }
-               ways = action.ways(context.graph());
-           }
+               var _item$class = _slicedToArray(item["class"], 1),
+                   _item$class$ = _item$class[0],
+                   cl = _item$class$ === void 0 ? null : _item$class$; // If null default value is reached, data wasn't as expected (or was empty)
 
 
-           var operation = function() {
-               var difference = context.perform(action, operation.annotation());
-               context.enter(modeSelect(context, difference.extantIDs()));
-           };
+               if (!cl) {
+                 /* eslint-disable no-console */
+                 console.log("Osmose strings request (".concat(itemType, ") had unexpected data"));
+                 /* eslint-enable no-console */
 
+                 return;
+               } // Cache served item colors to automatically style issue markers later
 
-           operation.available = function() {
-               return vertices.length === 1;
-           };
 
+               var itemInt = item.item,
+                   color = item.color;
 
-           operation.disabled = function() {
-               var reason = action.disabled(context.graph());
-               if (reason) {
-                   return reason;
-               } else if (selectedIDs.some(context.hasHiddenConnections)) {
-                   return 'connected_to_hidden';
-               }
+               if (/^#[A-Fa-f0-9]{6}|[A-Fa-f0-9]{3}/.test(color)) {
+                 _cache.colors[itemInt] = color;
+               } // Value of root key will be null if no string exists
+               // If string exists, value is an object with key 'auto' for string
 
-               return false;
-           };
 
+               var title = cl.title,
+                   detail = cl.detail,
+                   fix = cl.fix,
+                   trap = cl.trap; // Osmose titles shouldn't contain markdown
 
-           operation.tooltip = function() {
-               var disable = operation.disabled();
-               if (disable) {
-                   return _t('operations.split.' + disable);
-               } else if (ways.length === 1) {
-                   return _t('operations.split.description.' + context.graph().geometry(ways[0].id));
-               } else {
-                   return _t('operations.split.description.multiple');
-               }
-           };
+               var issueStrings = {};
+               if (title) issueStrings.title = title.auto;
+               if (detail) issueStrings.detail = marked_1(detail.auto);
+               if (trap) issueStrings.trap = marked_1(trap.auto);
+               if (fix) issueStrings.fix = marked_1(fix.auto);
+               _cache.strings[locale][itemType] = issueStrings;
+             };
 
+             var _itemType$split = itemType.split('-'),
+                 _itemType$split2 = _slicedToArray(_itemType$split, 2),
+                 item = _itemType$split2[0],
+                 cl = _itemType$split2[1]; // Osmose API falls back to English strings where untranslated or if locale doesn't exist
 
-           operation.annotation = function() {
-               return ways.length === 1 ?
-                   _t('operations.split.annotation.' + context.graph().geometry(ways[0].id)) :
-                   _t('operations.split.annotation.multiple', { n: ways.length });
-           };
 
+             var url = "".concat(_osmoseUrlRoot, "/items/").concat(item, "/class/").concat(cl, "?langs=").concat(locale);
+             return d3_json(url).then(cacheData);
+           }).filter(Boolean);
+           return Promise.all(allRequests).then(function () {
+             return _cache.strings[locale];
+           });
+         },
+         getStrings: function getStrings(itemType) {
+           var locale = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : _mainLocalizer.localeCode();
+           // No need to fallback to English, Osmose API handles this for us
+           return locale in _cache.strings ? _cache.strings[locale][itemType] : {};
+         },
+         getColor: function getColor(itemType) {
+           return itemType in _cache.colors ? _cache.colors[itemType] : '#FFFFFF';
+         },
+         postUpdate: function postUpdate(issue, callback) {
+           var _this3 = this;
 
-           operation.id = 'split';
-           operation.keys = [_t('operations.split.key')];
-           operation.title = _t('operations.split.title');
-           operation.behavior = behaviorOperation(context).which(operation);
+           if (_cache.inflightPost[issue.id]) {
+             return callback({
+               message: 'Issue update already inflight',
+               status: -2
+             }, issue);
+           } // UI sets the status to either 'done' or 'false'
 
-           return operation;
-       }
 
-       function operationStraighten(context, selectedIDs) {
-           var _wayIDs = selectedIDs.filter(function(id) { return id.charAt(0) === 'w'; });
-           var _nodeIDs = selectedIDs.filter(function(id) { return id.charAt(0) === 'n'; });
-           var _amount = ((_wayIDs.length ? _wayIDs : _nodeIDs).length === 1 ? 'single' : 'multiple');
-
-           var _nodes = utilGetAllNodes(selectedIDs, context.graph());
-           var _coords = _nodes.map(function(n) { return n.loc; });
-           var _extent = utilTotalExtent(selectedIDs, context.graph());
-           var _action = chooseAction();
-           var _geometry;
-
-
-           function chooseAction() {
-               // straighten selected nodes
-               if (_wayIDs.length === 0 && _nodeIDs.length > 2) {
-                   _geometry = 'points';
-                   return actionStraightenNodes(_nodeIDs, context.projection);
-
-               // straighten selected ways (possibly between range of 2 selected nodes)
-               } else if (_wayIDs.length > 0 && (_nodeIDs.length === 0 || _nodeIDs.length === 2)) {
-                   var startNodeIDs = [];
-                   var endNodeIDs = [];
-
-                   for (var i = 0; i < selectedIDs.length; i++) {
-                       var entity = context.entity(selectedIDs[i]);
-                       if (entity.type === 'node') {
-                           continue;
-                       } else if (entity.type !== 'way' || entity.isClosed()) {
-                           return null;  // exit early, can't straighten these
-                       }
+           var url = "".concat(_osmoseUrlRoot, "/issue/").concat(issue.id, "/").concat(issue.newStatus);
+           var controller = new AbortController();
 
-                       startNodeIDs.push(entity.first());
-                       endNodeIDs.push(entity.last());
-                   }
+           var after = function after() {
+             delete _cache.inflightPost[issue.id];
 
-                   // Remove duplicate end/startNodeIDs (duplicate nodes cannot be at the line end)
-                   startNodeIDs = startNodeIDs.filter(function(n) {
-                       return startNodeIDs.indexOf(n) === startNodeIDs.lastIndexOf(n);
-                   });
-                   endNodeIDs = endNodeIDs.filter(function(n) {
-                       return endNodeIDs.indexOf(n) === endNodeIDs.lastIndexOf(n);
-                   });
+             _this3.removeItem(issue);
 
-                   // Ensure all ways are connected (i.e. only 2 unique endpoints/startpoints)
-                   if (utilArrayDifference(startNodeIDs, endNodeIDs).length +
-                       utilArrayDifference(endNodeIDs, startNodeIDs).length !== 2) return null;
+             if (issue.newStatus === 'done') {
+               // Keep track of the number of issues closed per `item` to tag the changeset
+               if (!(issue.item in _cache.closed)) {
+                 _cache.closed[issue.item] = 0;
+               }
 
-                   // Ensure path contains at least 3 unique nodes
-                   var wayNodeIDs = utilGetAllNodes(_wayIDs, context.graph())
-                       .map(function(node) { return node.id; });
-                   if (wayNodeIDs.length <= 2) return null;
+               _cache.closed[issue.item] += 1;
+             }
 
-                   // If range of 2 selected nodes is supplied, ensure nodes lie on the selected path
-                   if (_nodeIDs.length === 2 && (
-                       wayNodeIDs.indexOf(_nodeIDs[0]) === -1 || wayNodeIDs.indexOf(_nodeIDs[1]) === -1
-                   )) return null;
+             if (callback) callback(null, issue);
+           };
 
-                   if (_nodeIDs.length) {
-                       // If we're only straightenting between two points, we only need that extent visible
-                       _extent = utilTotalExtent(_nodeIDs, context.graph());
-                   }
+           _cache.inflightPost[issue.id] = controller;
+           fetch(url, {
+             signal: controller.signal
+           }).then(after)["catch"](function (err) {
+             delete _cache.inflightPost[issue.id];
+             if (callback) callback(err.message);
+           });
+         },
+         // Get all cached QAItems covering the viewport
+         getItems: function getItems(projection) {
+           var viewport = projection.clipExtent();
+           var min = [viewport[0][0], viewport[1][1]];
+           var max = [viewport[1][0], viewport[0][1]];
+           var bbox = geoExtent(projection.invert(min), projection.invert(max)).bbox();
+           return _cache.rtree.search(bbox).map(function (d) {
+             return d.data;
+           });
+         },
+         // Get a QAItem from cache
+         // NOTE: Don't change method name until UI v3 is merged
+         getError: function getError(id) {
+           return _cache.data[id];
+         },
+         // get the name of the icon to display for this item
+         getIcon: function getIcon(itemType) {
+           return _osmoseData.icons[itemType];
+         },
+         // Replace a single QAItem in the cache
+         replaceItem: function replaceItem(item) {
+           if (!(item instanceof QAItem) || !item.id) return;
+           _cache.data[item.id] = item;
+           updateRtree$1(encodeIssueRtree(item), true); // true = replace
 
-                   _geometry = _wayIDs.length === 1 ? 'line' : 'lines';
-                   return actionStraightenWay(selectedIDs, context.projection);
-               }
+           return item;
+         },
+         // Remove a single QAItem from the cache
+         removeItem: function removeItem(item) {
+           if (!(item instanceof QAItem) || !item.id) return;
+           delete _cache.data[item.id];
+           updateRtree$1(encodeIssueRtree(item), false); // false = remove
+         },
+         // Used to populate `closed:osmose:*` changeset tags
+         getClosedCounts: function getClosedCounts() {
+           return _cache.closed;
+         },
+         itemURL: function itemURL(item) {
+           return "https://osmose.openstreetmap.fr/en/error/".concat(item.id);
+         }
+       };
 
-               return null;
-           }
+       /*! ieee754. BSD-3-Clause License. Feross Aboukhadijeh <https://feross.org/opensource> */
+       var read$6 = function read(buffer, offset, isLE, mLen, nBytes) {
+         var e, m;
+         var eLen = nBytes * 8 - mLen - 1;
+         var eMax = (1 << eLen) - 1;
+         var eBias = eMax >> 1;
+         var nBits = -7;
+         var i = isLE ? nBytes - 1 : 0;
+         var d = isLE ? -1 : 1;
+         var s = buffer[offset + i];
+         i += d;
+         e = s & (1 << -nBits) - 1;
+         s >>= -nBits;
+         nBits += eLen;
 
+         for (; nBits > 0; e = e * 256 + buffer[offset + i], i += d, nBits -= 8) {}
 
-           function operation() {
-               if (!_action) return;
+         m = e & (1 << -nBits) - 1;
+         e >>= -nBits;
+         nBits += mLen;
 
-               context.perform(_action, operation.annotation());
+         for (; nBits > 0; m = m * 256 + buffer[offset + i], i += d, nBits -= 8) {}
 
-               window.setTimeout(function() {
-                   context.validator().validate();
-               }, 300);  // after any transition
-           }
+         if (e === 0) {
+           e = 1 - eBias;
+         } else if (e === eMax) {
+           return m ? NaN : (s ? -1 : 1) * Infinity;
+         } else {
+           m = m + Math.pow(2, mLen);
+           e = e - eBias;
+         }
 
+         return (s ? -1 : 1) * m * Math.pow(2, e - mLen);
+       };
 
-           operation.available = function() {
-               return Boolean(_action);
-           };
+       var write$6 = function write(buffer, value, offset, isLE, mLen, nBytes) {
+         var e, m, c;
+         var eLen = nBytes * 8 - mLen - 1;
+         var eMax = (1 << eLen) - 1;
+         var eBias = eMax >> 1;
+         var rt = mLen === 23 ? Math.pow(2, -24) - Math.pow(2, -77) : 0;
+         var i = isLE ? 0 : nBytes - 1;
+         var d = isLE ? 1 : -1;
+         var s = value < 0 || value === 0 && 1 / value < 0 ? 1 : 0;
+         value = Math.abs(value);
 
+         if (isNaN(value) || value === Infinity) {
+           m = isNaN(value) ? 1 : 0;
+           e = eMax;
+         } else {
+           e = Math.floor(Math.log(value) / Math.LN2);
 
-           operation.disabled = function() {
-               var reason = _action.disabled(context.graph());
-               if (reason) {
-                   return reason;
-               } else if (_extent.percentContainedIn(context.map().extent()) < 0.8) {
-                   return 'too_large';
-               } else if (someMissing()) {
-                   return 'not_downloaded';
-               } else if (selectedIDs.some(context.hasHiddenConnections)) {
-                   return 'connected_to_hidden';
-               }
+           if (value * (c = Math.pow(2, -e)) < 1) {
+             e--;
+             c *= 2;
+           }
 
-               return false;
+           if (e + eBias >= 1) {
+             value += rt / c;
+           } else {
+             value += rt * Math.pow(2, 1 - eBias);
+           }
 
+           if (value * c >= 2) {
+             e++;
+             c /= 2;
+           }
 
-               function someMissing() {
-                   if (context.inIntro()) return false;
-                   var osm = context.connection();
-                   if (osm) {
-                       var missing = _coords.filter(function(loc) { return !osm.isDataLoaded(loc); });
-                       if (missing.length) {
-                           missing.forEach(function(loc) { context.loadTileAtLoc(loc); });
-                           return true;
-                       }
-                   }
-                   return false;
-               }
-           };
+           if (e + eBias >= eMax) {
+             m = 0;
+             e = eMax;
+           } else if (e + eBias >= 1) {
+             m = (value * c - 1) * Math.pow(2, mLen);
+             e = e + eBias;
+           } else {
+             m = value * Math.pow(2, eBias - 1) * Math.pow(2, mLen);
+             e = 0;
+           }
+         }
 
+         for (; mLen >= 8; buffer[offset + i] = m & 0xff, i += d, m /= 256, mLen -= 8) {}
 
-           operation.tooltip = function() {
-               var disable = operation.disabled();
-               return disable ?
-                   _t('operations.straighten.' + disable + '.' + _amount) :
-                   _t('operations.straighten.description.' + _geometry);
-           };
+         e = e << mLen | m;
+         eLen += mLen;
 
+         for (; eLen > 0; buffer[offset + i] = e & 0xff, i += d, e /= 256, eLen -= 8) {}
 
-           operation.annotation = function() {
-               return _t('operations.straighten.annotation.' + _geometry);
-           };
+         buffer[offset + i - d] |= s * 128;
+       };
 
+       var ieee754 = {
+         read: read$6,
+         write: write$6
+       };
 
-           operation.id = 'straighten';
-           operation.keys = [_t('operations.straighten.key')];
-           operation.title = _t('operations.straighten.title');
-           operation.behavior = behaviorOperation(context).which(operation);
+       var pbf = Pbf;
 
-           return operation;
+       function Pbf(buf) {
+         this.buf = ArrayBuffer.isView && ArrayBuffer.isView(buf) ? buf : new Uint8Array(buf || 0);
+         this.pos = 0;
+         this.type = 0;
+         this.length = this.buf.length;
        }
 
-       var Operations = /*#__PURE__*/Object.freeze({
-               __proto__: null,
-               operationCircularize: operationCircularize,
-               operationContinue: operationContinue,
-               operationCopy: operationCopy,
-               operationDelete: operationDelete,
-               operationDisconnect: operationDisconnect,
-               operationDowngrade: operationDowngrade,
-               operationExtract: operationExtract,
-               operationMerge: operationMerge,
-               operationMove: operationMove,
-               operationOrthogonalize: operationOrthogonalize,
-               operationPaste: operationPaste,
-               operationReflectShort: operationReflectShort,
-               operationReflectLong: operationReflectLong,
-               operationReverse: operationReverse,
-               operationRotate: operationRotate,
-               operationSplit: operationSplit,
-               operationStraighten: operationStraighten
-       });
+       Pbf.Varint = 0; // varint: int32, int64, uint32, uint64, sint32, sint64, bool, enum
 
-       var _relatedParent;
+       Pbf.Fixed64 = 1; // 64-bit: double, fixed64, sfixed64
 
+       Pbf.Bytes = 2; // length-delimited: string, bytes, embedded messages, packed repeated fields
 
-       function modeSelect(context, selectedIDs) {
-           var mode = {
-               id: 'select',
-               button: 'browse'
-           };
+       Pbf.Fixed32 = 5; // 32-bit: float, fixed32, sfixed32
 
-           var keybinding = utilKeybinding('select');
+       var SHIFT_LEFT_32 = (1 << 16) * (1 << 16),
+           SHIFT_RIGHT_32 = 1 / SHIFT_LEFT_32; // Threshold chosen based on both benchmarking and knowledge about browser string
+       // data structures (which currently switch structure types at 12 bytes or more)
 
-           var _breatheBehavior = behaviorBreathe();
-           var _modeDragNode = modeDragNode(context);
-           var _selectBehavior;
-           var _behaviors = [];
+       var TEXT_DECODER_MIN_LENGTH = 12;
+       var utf8TextDecoder = typeof TextDecoder === 'undefined' ? null : new TextDecoder('utf8');
+       Pbf.prototype = {
+         destroy: function destroy() {
+           this.buf = null;
+         },
+         // === READING =================================================================
+         readFields: function readFields(readField, result, end) {
+           end = end || this.length;
 
-           var _operations = [];
-           var _newFeature = false;
-           var _follow = false;
+           while (this.pos < end) {
+             var val = this.readVarint(),
+                 tag = val >> 3,
+                 startPos = this.pos;
+             this.type = val & 0x7;
+             readField(tag, result, this);
+             if (this.pos === startPos) this.skip(val);
+           }
 
+           return result;
+         },
+         readMessage: function readMessage(readField, result) {
+           return this.readFields(readField, result, this.readVarint() + this.pos);
+         },
+         readFixed32: function readFixed32() {
+           var val = readUInt32(this.buf, this.pos);
+           this.pos += 4;
+           return val;
+         },
+         readSFixed32: function readSFixed32() {
+           var val = readInt32(this.buf, this.pos);
+           this.pos += 4;
+           return val;
+         },
+         // 64-bit int handling is based on github.com/dpw/node-buffer-more-ints (MIT-licensed)
+         readFixed64: function readFixed64() {
+           var val = readUInt32(this.buf, this.pos) + readUInt32(this.buf, this.pos + 4) * SHIFT_LEFT_32;
+           this.pos += 8;
+           return val;
+         },
+         readSFixed64: function readSFixed64() {
+           var val = readUInt32(this.buf, this.pos) + readInt32(this.buf, this.pos + 4) * SHIFT_LEFT_32;
+           this.pos += 8;
+           return val;
+         },
+         readFloat: function readFloat() {
+           var val = ieee754.read(this.buf, this.pos, true, 23, 4);
+           this.pos += 4;
+           return val;
+         },
+         readDouble: function readDouble() {
+           var val = ieee754.read(this.buf, this.pos, true, 52, 8);
+           this.pos += 8;
+           return val;
+         },
+         readVarint: function readVarint(isSigned) {
+           var buf = this.buf,
+               val,
+               b;
+           b = buf[this.pos++];
+           val = b & 0x7f;
+           if (b < 0x80) return val;
+           b = buf[this.pos++];
+           val |= (b & 0x7f) << 7;
+           if (b < 0x80) return val;
+           b = buf[this.pos++];
+           val |= (b & 0x7f) << 14;
+           if (b < 0x80) return val;
+           b = buf[this.pos++];
+           val |= (b & 0x7f) << 21;
+           if (b < 0x80) return val;
+           b = buf[this.pos];
+           val |= (b & 0x0f) << 28;
+           return readVarintRemainder(val, isSigned, this);
+         },
+         readVarint64: function readVarint64() {
+           // for compatibility with v2.0.1
+           return this.readVarint(true);
+         },
+         readSVarint: function readSVarint() {
+           var num = this.readVarint();
+           return num % 2 === 1 ? (num + 1) / -2 : num / 2; // zigzag encoding
+         },
+         readBoolean: function readBoolean() {
+           return Boolean(this.readVarint());
+         },
+         readString: function readString() {
+           var end = this.readVarint() + this.pos;
+           var pos = this.pos;
+           this.pos = end;
 
-           function singular() {
-               if (selectedIDs && selectedIDs.length === 1) {
-                   return context.hasEntity(selectedIDs[0]);
-               }
-           }
+           if (end - pos >= TEXT_DECODER_MIN_LENGTH && utf8TextDecoder) {
+             // longer strings are fast with the built-in browser TextDecoder API
+             return readUtf8TextDecoder(this.buf, pos, end);
+           } // short strings are fast with our custom implementation
 
-           function selectedEntities() {
-               return selectedIDs.map(function(id) {
-                   return context.hasEntity(id);
-               }).filter(Boolean);
-           }
 
+           return readUtf8(this.buf, pos, end);
+         },
+         readBytes: function readBytes() {
+           var end = this.readVarint() + this.pos,
+               buffer = this.buf.subarray(this.pos, end);
+           this.pos = end;
+           return buffer;
+         },
+         // verbose for performance reasons; doesn't affect gzipped size
+         readPackedVarint: function readPackedVarint(arr, isSigned) {
+           if (this.type !== Pbf.Bytes) return arr.push(this.readVarint(isSigned));
+           var end = readPackedEnd(this);
+           arr = arr || [];
 
-           function checkSelectedIDs() {
-               var ids = [];
-               if (Array.isArray(selectedIDs)) {
-                   ids = selectedIDs.filter(function(id) {
-                       return context.hasEntity(id);
-                   });
-               }
+           while (this.pos < end) {
+             arr.push(this.readVarint(isSigned));
+           }
 
-               if (!ids.length) {
-                   context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
-                   return false;
-               } else if ((selectedIDs.length > 1 && ids.length === 1) ||
-                   (selectedIDs.length === 1 && ids.length > 1)) {
-                   // switch between single- and multi-select UI
-                   context.enter(modeSelect(context, ids));
-                   return false;
-               }
+           return arr;
+         },
+         readPackedSVarint: function readPackedSVarint(arr) {
+           if (this.type !== Pbf.Bytes) return arr.push(this.readSVarint());
+           var end = readPackedEnd(this);
+           arr = arr || [];
 
-               selectedIDs = ids;
-               return true;
+           while (this.pos < end) {
+             arr.push(this.readSVarint());
            }
 
+           return arr;
+         },
+         readPackedBoolean: function readPackedBoolean(arr) {
+           if (this.type !== Pbf.Bytes) return arr.push(this.readBoolean());
+           var end = readPackedEnd(this);
+           arr = arr || [];
 
-           // find the common parent ways for nextVertex, previousVertex
-           function commonParents() {
-               var graph = context.graph();
-               var commonParents = [];
+           while (this.pos < end) {
+             arr.push(this.readBoolean());
+           }
 
-               for (var i = 0; i < selectedIDs.length; i++) {
-                   var entity = context.hasEntity(selectedIDs[i]);
-                   if (!entity || entity.geometry(graph) !== 'vertex') {
-                       return [];  // selection includes some not vertexes
-                   }
+           return arr;
+         },
+         readPackedFloat: function readPackedFloat(arr) {
+           if (this.type !== Pbf.Bytes) return arr.push(this.readFloat());
+           var end = readPackedEnd(this);
+           arr = arr || [];
 
-                   var currParents = graph.parentWays(entity).map(function(w) { return w.id; });
-                   if (!commonParents.length) {
-                       commonParents = currParents;
-                       continue;
-                   }
+           while (this.pos < end) {
+             arr.push(this.readFloat());
+           }
 
-                   commonParents = utilArrayIntersection(commonParents, currParents);
-                   if (!commonParents.length) {
-                       return [];
-                   }
-               }
+           return arr;
+         },
+         readPackedDouble: function readPackedDouble(arr) {
+           if (this.type !== Pbf.Bytes) return arr.push(this.readDouble());
+           var end = readPackedEnd(this);
+           arr = arr || [];
 
-               return commonParents;
+           while (this.pos < end) {
+             arr.push(this.readDouble());
            }
 
+           return arr;
+         },
+         readPackedFixed32: function readPackedFixed32(arr) {
+           if (this.type !== Pbf.Bytes) return arr.push(this.readFixed32());
+           var end = readPackedEnd(this);
+           arr = arr || [];
 
-           function singularParent() {
-               var parents = commonParents();
-               if (!parents || parents.length === 0) {
-                   _relatedParent = null;
-                   return null;
-               }
+           while (this.pos < end) {
+             arr.push(this.readFixed32());
+           }
 
-               // relatedParent is used when we visit a vertex with multiple
-               // parents, and we want to remember which parent line we started on.
+           return arr;
+         },
+         readPackedSFixed32: function readPackedSFixed32(arr) {
+           if (this.type !== Pbf.Bytes) return arr.push(this.readSFixed32());
+           var end = readPackedEnd(this);
+           arr = arr || [];
 
-               if (parents.length === 1) {
-                   _relatedParent = parents[0];  // remember this parent for later
-                   return _relatedParent;
-               }
+           while (this.pos < end) {
+             arr.push(this.readSFixed32());
+           }
 
-               if (parents.indexOf(_relatedParent) !== -1) {
-                   return _relatedParent;   // prefer the previously seen parent
-               }
+           return arr;
+         },
+         readPackedFixed64: function readPackedFixed64(arr) {
+           if (this.type !== Pbf.Bytes) return arr.push(this.readFixed64());
+           var end = readPackedEnd(this);
+           arr = arr || [];
 
-               return parents[0];
+           while (this.pos < end) {
+             arr.push(this.readFixed64());
            }
 
+           return arr;
+         },
+         readPackedSFixed64: function readPackedSFixed64(arr) {
+           if (this.type !== Pbf.Bytes) return arr.push(this.readSFixed64());
+           var end = readPackedEnd(this);
+           arr = arr || [];
 
-           mode.selectedIDs = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return selectedIDs;
-               selectedIDs = val;
-               return mode;
-           };
+           while (this.pos < end) {
+             arr.push(this.readSFixed64());
+           }
 
+           return arr;
+         },
+         skip: function skip(val) {
+           var type = val & 0x7;
+           if (type === Pbf.Varint) while (this.buf[this.pos++] > 0x7f) {} else if (type === Pbf.Bytes) this.pos = this.readVarint() + this.pos;else if (type === Pbf.Fixed32) this.pos += 4;else if (type === Pbf.Fixed64) this.pos += 8;else throw new Error('Unimplemented type: ' + type);
+         },
+         // === WRITING =================================================================
+         writeTag: function writeTag(tag, type) {
+           this.writeVarint(tag << 3 | type);
+         },
+         realloc: function realloc(min) {
+           var length = this.length || 16;
 
-           mode.zoomToSelected = function() {
-               context.map().zoomToEase(selectedEntities());
-           };
+           while (length < this.pos + min) {
+             length *= 2;
+           }
 
+           if (length !== this.length) {
+             var buf = new Uint8Array(length);
+             buf.set(this.buf);
+             this.buf = buf;
+             this.length = length;
+           }
+         },
+         finish: function finish() {
+           this.length = this.pos;
+           this.pos = 0;
+           return this.buf.subarray(0, this.length);
+         },
+         writeFixed32: function writeFixed32(val) {
+           this.realloc(4);
+           writeInt32(this.buf, val, this.pos);
+           this.pos += 4;
+         },
+         writeSFixed32: function writeSFixed32(val) {
+           this.realloc(4);
+           writeInt32(this.buf, val, this.pos);
+           this.pos += 4;
+         },
+         writeFixed64: function writeFixed64(val) {
+           this.realloc(8);
+           writeInt32(this.buf, val & -1, this.pos);
+           writeInt32(this.buf, Math.floor(val * SHIFT_RIGHT_32), this.pos + 4);
+           this.pos += 8;
+         },
+         writeSFixed64: function writeSFixed64(val) {
+           this.realloc(8);
+           writeInt32(this.buf, val & -1, this.pos);
+           writeInt32(this.buf, Math.floor(val * SHIFT_RIGHT_32), this.pos + 4);
+           this.pos += 8;
+         },
+         writeVarint: function writeVarint(val) {
+           val = +val || 0;
 
-           mode.newFeature = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _newFeature;
-               _newFeature = val;
-               return mode;
-           };
+           if (val > 0xfffffff || val < 0) {
+             writeBigVarint(val, this);
+             return;
+           }
 
+           this.realloc(4);
+           this.buf[this.pos++] = val & 0x7f | (val > 0x7f ? 0x80 : 0);
+           if (val <= 0x7f) return;
+           this.buf[this.pos++] = (val >>>= 7) & 0x7f | (val > 0x7f ? 0x80 : 0);
+           if (val <= 0x7f) return;
+           this.buf[this.pos++] = (val >>>= 7) & 0x7f | (val > 0x7f ? 0x80 : 0);
+           if (val <= 0x7f) return;
+           this.buf[this.pos++] = val >>> 7 & 0x7f;
+         },
+         writeSVarint: function writeSVarint(val) {
+           this.writeVarint(val < 0 ? -val * 2 - 1 : val * 2);
+         },
+         writeBoolean: function writeBoolean(val) {
+           this.writeVarint(Boolean(val));
+         },
+         writeString: function writeString(str) {
+           str = String(str);
+           this.realloc(str.length * 4);
+           this.pos++; // reserve 1 byte for short string length
 
-           mode.selectBehavior = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _selectBehavior;
-               _selectBehavior = val;
-               return mode;
-           };
+           var startPos = this.pos; // write the string directly to the buffer and see how much was written
 
+           this.pos = writeUtf8(this.buf, str, this.pos);
+           var len = this.pos - startPos;
+           if (len >= 0x80) makeRoomForExtraLength(startPos, len, this); // finally, write the message length in the reserved place and restore the position
 
-           mode.follow = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _follow;
-               _follow = val;
-               return mode;
-           };
+           this.pos = startPos - 1;
+           this.writeVarint(len);
+           this.pos += len;
+         },
+         writeFloat: function writeFloat(val) {
+           this.realloc(4);
+           ieee754.write(this.buf, val, this.pos, true, 23, 4);
+           this.pos += 4;
+         },
+         writeDouble: function writeDouble(val) {
+           this.realloc(8);
+           ieee754.write(this.buf, val, this.pos, true, 52, 8);
+           this.pos += 8;
+         },
+         writeBytes: function writeBytes(buffer) {
+           var len = buffer.length;
+           this.writeVarint(len);
+           this.realloc(len);
 
-           function loadOperations() {
+           for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+             this.buf[this.pos++] = buffer[i];
+           }
+         },
+         writeRawMessage: function writeRawMessage(fn, obj) {
+           this.pos++; // reserve 1 byte for short message length
+           // write the message directly to the buffer and see how much was written
+
+           var startPos = this.pos;
+           fn(obj, this);
+           var len = this.pos - startPos;
+           if (len >= 0x80) makeRoomForExtraLength(startPos, len, this); // finally, write the message length in the reserved place and restore the position
+
+           this.pos = startPos - 1;
+           this.writeVarint(len);
+           this.pos += len;
+         },
+         writeMessage: function writeMessage(tag, fn, obj) {
+           this.writeTag(tag, Pbf.Bytes);
+           this.writeRawMessage(fn, obj);
+         },
+         writePackedVarint: function writePackedVarint(tag, arr) {
+           if (arr.length) this.writeMessage(tag, _writePackedVarint, arr);
+         },
+         writePackedSVarint: function writePackedSVarint(tag, arr) {
+           if (arr.length) this.writeMessage(tag, _writePackedSVarint, arr);
+         },
+         writePackedBoolean: function writePackedBoolean(tag, arr) {
+           if (arr.length) this.writeMessage(tag, _writePackedBoolean, arr);
+         },
+         writePackedFloat: function writePackedFloat(tag, arr) {
+           if (arr.length) this.writeMessage(tag, _writePackedFloat, arr);
+         },
+         writePackedDouble: function writePackedDouble(tag, arr) {
+           if (arr.length) this.writeMessage(tag, _writePackedDouble, arr);
+         },
+         writePackedFixed32: function writePackedFixed32(tag, arr) {
+           if (arr.length) this.writeMessage(tag, _writePackedFixed, arr);
+         },
+         writePackedSFixed32: function writePackedSFixed32(tag, arr) {
+           if (arr.length) this.writeMessage(tag, _writePackedSFixed, arr);
+         },
+         writePackedFixed64: function writePackedFixed64(tag, arr) {
+           if (arr.length) this.writeMessage(tag, _writePackedFixed2, arr);
+         },
+         writePackedSFixed64: function writePackedSFixed64(tag, arr) {
+           if (arr.length) this.writeMessage(tag, _writePackedSFixed2, arr);
+         },
+         writeBytesField: function writeBytesField(tag, buffer) {
+           this.writeTag(tag, Pbf.Bytes);
+           this.writeBytes(buffer);
+         },
+         writeFixed32Field: function writeFixed32Field(tag, val) {
+           this.writeTag(tag, Pbf.Fixed32);
+           this.writeFixed32(val);
+         },
+         writeSFixed32Field: function writeSFixed32Field(tag, val) {
+           this.writeTag(tag, Pbf.Fixed32);
+           this.writeSFixed32(val);
+         },
+         writeFixed64Field: function writeFixed64Field(tag, val) {
+           this.writeTag(tag, Pbf.Fixed64);
+           this.writeFixed64(val);
+         },
+         writeSFixed64Field: function writeSFixed64Field(tag, val) {
+           this.writeTag(tag, Pbf.Fixed64);
+           this.writeSFixed64(val);
+         },
+         writeVarintField: function writeVarintField(tag, val) {
+           this.writeTag(tag, Pbf.Varint);
+           this.writeVarint(val);
+         },
+         writeSVarintField: function writeSVarintField(tag, val) {
+           this.writeTag(tag, Pbf.Varint);
+           this.writeSVarint(val);
+         },
+         writeStringField: function writeStringField(tag, str) {
+           this.writeTag(tag, Pbf.Bytes);
+           this.writeString(str);
+         },
+         writeFloatField: function writeFloatField(tag, val) {
+           this.writeTag(tag, Pbf.Fixed32);
+           this.writeFloat(val);
+         },
+         writeDoubleField: function writeDoubleField(tag, val) {
+           this.writeTag(tag, Pbf.Fixed64);
+           this.writeDouble(val);
+         },
+         writeBooleanField: function writeBooleanField(tag, val) {
+           this.writeVarintField(tag, Boolean(val));
+         }
+       };
 
-               _operations.forEach(function(operation) {
-                   if (operation.behavior) {
-                       context.uninstall(operation.behavior);
-                   }
-               });
+       function readVarintRemainder(l, s, p) {
+         var buf = p.buf,
+             h,
+             b;
+         b = buf[p.pos++];
+         h = (b & 0x70) >> 4;
+         if (b < 0x80) return toNum(l, h, s);
+         b = buf[p.pos++];
+         h |= (b & 0x7f) << 3;
+         if (b < 0x80) return toNum(l, h, s);
+         b = buf[p.pos++];
+         h |= (b & 0x7f) << 10;
+         if (b < 0x80) return toNum(l, h, s);
+         b = buf[p.pos++];
+         h |= (b & 0x7f) << 17;
+         if (b < 0x80) return toNum(l, h, s);
+         b = buf[p.pos++];
+         h |= (b & 0x7f) << 24;
+         if (b < 0x80) return toNum(l, h, s);
+         b = buf[p.pos++];
+         h |= (b & 0x01) << 31;
+         if (b < 0x80) return toNum(l, h, s);
+         throw new Error('Expected varint not more than 10 bytes');
+       }
 
-               _operations = Object.values(Operations)
-                   .map(function(o) { return o(context, selectedIDs); })
-                   .filter(function(o) { return o.available() && o.id !== 'delete' && o.id !== 'downgrade' && o.id !== 'copy'; });
+       function readPackedEnd(pbf) {
+         return pbf.type === Pbf.Bytes ? pbf.readVarint() + pbf.pos : pbf.pos + 1;
+       }
 
-               var copyOperation = operationCopy(context, selectedIDs);
-               if (copyOperation.available()) {
-                   // group copy operation with delete/downgrade
-                   _operations.push(copyOperation);
-               }
+       function toNum(low, high, isSigned) {
+         if (isSigned) {
+           return high * 0x100000000 + (low >>> 0);
+         }
 
-               var downgradeOperation = operationDowngrade(context, selectedIDs);
-               // don't allow delete if downgrade is available
-               var lastOperation = !context.inIntro() && downgradeOperation.available() ? downgradeOperation : operationDelete(context, selectedIDs);
+         return (high >>> 0) * 0x100000000 + (low >>> 0);
+       }
 
-               _operations.push(lastOperation);
+       function writeBigVarint(val, pbf) {
+         var low, high;
 
-               _operations.forEach(function(operation) {
-                   if (operation.behavior) {
-                       context.install(operation.behavior);
-                   }
-               });
+         if (val >= 0) {
+           low = val % 0x100000000 | 0;
+           high = val / 0x100000000 | 0;
+         } else {
+           low = ~(-val % 0x100000000);
+           high = ~(-val / 0x100000000);
 
-               // remove any displayed menu
-               context.ui().closeEditMenu();
+           if (low ^ 0xffffffff) {
+             low = low + 1 | 0;
+           } else {
+             low = 0;
+             high = high + 1 | 0;
            }
+         }
 
-           mode.operations = function() {
-               return _operations;
-           };
+         if (val >= 0x10000000000000000 || val < -0x10000000000000000) {
+           throw new Error('Given varint doesn\'t fit into 10 bytes');
+         }
 
+         pbf.realloc(10);
+         writeBigVarintLow(low, high, pbf);
+         writeBigVarintHigh(high, pbf);
+       }
 
-           mode.enter = function() {
-               if (!checkSelectedIDs()) return;
-
-               context.features().forceVisible(selectedIDs);
-
-               _modeDragNode.restoreSelectedIDs(selectedIDs);
-
-               loadOperations();
-
-               if (!_behaviors.length) {
-                   if (!_selectBehavior) _selectBehavior = behaviorSelect(context);
-
-                   _behaviors = [
-                       behaviorPaste(context),
-                       _breatheBehavior,
-                       behaviorHover(context).on('hover', context.ui().sidebar.hoverModeSelect),
-                       _selectBehavior,
-                       behaviorLasso(context),
-                       _modeDragNode.behavior,
-                       modeDragNote(context).behavior
-                   ];
-               }
-               _behaviors.forEach(context.install);
-
-               keybinding
-                   .on(_t('inspector.zoom_to.key'), mode.zoomToSelected)
-                   .on(['[', 'pgup'], previousVertex)
-                   .on([']', 'pgdown'], nextVertex)
-                   .on(['{', uiCmd('⌘['), 'home'], firstVertex)
-                   .on(['}', uiCmd('⌘]'), 'end'], lastVertex)
-                   .on(uiCmd('⇧←'), nudgeSelection([-10, 0]))
-                   .on(uiCmd('⇧↑'), nudgeSelection([0, -10]))
-                   .on(uiCmd('⇧→'), nudgeSelection([10, 0]))
-                   .on(uiCmd('⇧↓'), nudgeSelection([0, 10]))
-                   .on(uiCmd('⇧⌘←'), nudgeSelection([-100, 0]))
-                   .on(uiCmd('⇧⌘↑'), nudgeSelection([0, -100]))
-                   .on(uiCmd('⇧⌘→'), nudgeSelection([100, 0]))
-                   .on(uiCmd('⇧⌘↓'), nudgeSelection([0, 100]))
-                   .on(['\\', 'pause'], nextParent)
-                   .on('⎋', esc, true);
-
-               select(document)
-                   .call(keybinding);
-
-               context.ui().sidebar
-                   .select(selectedIDs, _newFeature);
-
-               context.history()
-                   .on('change.select', function() {
-                       loadOperations();
-                       // reselect after change in case relation members were removed or added
-                       selectElements();
-                   })
-                   .on('undone.select', checkSelectedIDs)
-                   .on('redone.select', checkSelectedIDs);
-
-               context.map()
-                   .on('drawn.select', selectElements)
-                   .on('crossEditableZoom.select', function() {
-                       selectElements();
-                       _breatheBehavior.restartIfNeeded(context.surface());
-                   });
+       function writeBigVarintLow(low, high, pbf) {
+         pbf.buf[pbf.pos++] = low & 0x7f | 0x80;
+         low >>>= 7;
+         pbf.buf[pbf.pos++] = low & 0x7f | 0x80;
+         low >>>= 7;
+         pbf.buf[pbf.pos++] = low & 0x7f | 0x80;
+         low >>>= 7;
+         pbf.buf[pbf.pos++] = low & 0x7f | 0x80;
+         low >>>= 7;
+         pbf.buf[pbf.pos] = low & 0x7f;
+       }
 
-               context.map().doubleUpHandler()
-                   .on('doubleUp.modeSelect', didDoubleUp);
+       function writeBigVarintHigh(high, pbf) {
+         var lsb = (high & 0x07) << 4;
+         pbf.buf[pbf.pos++] |= lsb | ((high >>>= 3) ? 0x80 : 0);
+         if (!high) return;
+         pbf.buf[pbf.pos++] = high & 0x7f | ((high >>>= 7) ? 0x80 : 0);
+         if (!high) return;
+         pbf.buf[pbf.pos++] = high & 0x7f | ((high >>>= 7) ? 0x80 : 0);
+         if (!high) return;
+         pbf.buf[pbf.pos++] = high & 0x7f | ((high >>>= 7) ? 0x80 : 0);
+         if (!high) return;
+         pbf.buf[pbf.pos++] = high & 0x7f | ((high >>>= 7) ? 0x80 : 0);
+         if (!high) return;
+         pbf.buf[pbf.pos++] = high & 0x7f;
+       }
 
+       function makeRoomForExtraLength(startPos, len, pbf) {
+         var extraLen = len <= 0x3fff ? 1 : len <= 0x1fffff ? 2 : len <= 0xfffffff ? 3 : Math.floor(Math.log(len) / (Math.LN2 * 7)); // if 1 byte isn't enough for encoding message length, shift the data to the right
 
-               selectElements();
+         pbf.realloc(extraLen);
 
-               if (_follow) {
-                   var extent = geoExtent();
-                   var graph = context.graph();
-                   selectedIDs.forEach(function(id) {
-                       var entity = context.entity(id);
-                       extent._extend(entity.extent(graph));
-                   });
+         for (var i = pbf.pos - 1; i >= startPos; i--) {
+           pbf.buf[i + extraLen] = pbf.buf[i];
+         }
+       }
 
-                   var loc = extent.center();
-                   context.map().centerEase(loc);
-               }
+       function _writePackedVarint(arr, pbf) {
+         for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
+           pbf.writeVarint(arr[i]);
+         }
+       }
 
+       function _writePackedSVarint(arr, pbf) {
+         for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
+           pbf.writeSVarint(arr[i]);
+         }
+       }
 
-               function nudgeSelection(delta) {
-                   return function() {
-                       // prevent nudging during low zoom selection
-                       if (!context.map().withinEditableZoom()) return;
+       function _writePackedFloat(arr, pbf) {
+         for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
+           pbf.writeFloat(arr[i]);
+         }
+       }
 
-                       var moveOp = operationMove(context, selectedIDs);
-                       if (moveOp.disabled()) {
-                           context.ui().flash
-                               .duration(4000)
-                               .iconName('#iD-operation-' + moveOp.id)
-                               .iconClass('operation disabled')
-                               .text(moveOp.tooltip)();
-                       } else {
-                           context.perform(actionMove(selectedIDs, delta, context.projection), moveOp.annotation());
-                       }
-                   };
-               }
+       function _writePackedDouble(arr, pbf) {
+         for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
+           pbf.writeDouble(arr[i]);
+         }
+       }
 
+       function _writePackedBoolean(arr, pbf) {
+         for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
+           pbf.writeBoolean(arr[i]);
+         }
+       }
 
-               function didDoubleUp(loc) {
-                   if (!context.map().withinEditableZoom()) return;
+       function _writePackedFixed(arr, pbf) {
+         for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
+           pbf.writeFixed32(arr[i]);
+         }
+       }
 
-                   var target = select(event.target);
+       function _writePackedSFixed(arr, pbf) {
+         for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
+           pbf.writeSFixed32(arr[i]);
+         }
+       }
 
-                   var datum = target.datum();
-                   var entity = datum && datum.properties && datum.properties.entity;
-                   if (!entity) return;
+       function _writePackedFixed2(arr, pbf) {
+         for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
+           pbf.writeFixed64(arr[i]);
+         }
+       }
 
-                   if (entity instanceof osmWay && target.classed('target')) {
-                       var choice = geoChooseEdge(context.graph().childNodes(entity), loc, context.projection);
-                       var prev = entity.nodes[choice.index - 1];
-                       var next = entity.nodes[choice.index];
+       function _writePackedSFixed2(arr, pbf) {
+         for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
+           pbf.writeSFixed64(arr[i]);
+         }
+       } // Buffer code below from https://github.com/feross/buffer, MIT-licensed
 
-                       context.perform(
-                           actionAddMidpoint({ loc: choice.loc, edge: [prev, next] }, osmNode()),
-                           _t('operations.add.annotation.vertex')
-                       );
 
-                   } else if (entity.type === 'midpoint') {
-                       context.perform(
-                           actionAddMidpoint({ loc: entity.loc, edge: entity.edge }, osmNode()),
-                           _t('operations.add.annotation.vertex'));
-                   }
-               }
+       function readUInt32(buf, pos) {
+         return (buf[pos] | buf[pos + 1] << 8 | buf[pos + 2] << 16) + buf[pos + 3] * 0x1000000;
+       }
 
+       function writeInt32(buf, val, pos) {
+         buf[pos] = val;
+         buf[pos + 1] = val >>> 8;
+         buf[pos + 2] = val >>> 16;
+         buf[pos + 3] = val >>> 24;
+       }
 
-               function selectElements() {
-                   if (!checkSelectedIDs()) return;
+       function readInt32(buf, pos) {
+         return (buf[pos] | buf[pos + 1] << 8 | buf[pos + 2] << 16) + (buf[pos + 3] << 24);
+       }
 
-                   var surface = context.surface();
+       function readUtf8(buf, pos, end) {
+         var str = '';
+         var i = pos;
 
-                   surface.selectAll('.selected-member')
-                       .classed('selected-member', false);
+         while (i < end) {
+           var b0 = buf[i];
+           var c = null; // codepoint
 
-                   surface.selectAll('.selected')
-                       .classed('selected', false);
+           var bytesPerSequence = b0 > 0xEF ? 4 : b0 > 0xDF ? 3 : b0 > 0xBF ? 2 : 1;
+           if (i + bytesPerSequence > end) break;
+           var b1, b2, b3;
 
-                   surface.selectAll('.related')
-                       .classed('related', false);
+           if (bytesPerSequence === 1) {
+             if (b0 < 0x80) {
+               c = b0;
+             }
+           } else if (bytesPerSequence === 2) {
+             b1 = buf[i + 1];
 
-                   singularParent();
-                   if (_relatedParent) {
-                       surface.selectAll(utilEntitySelector([_relatedParent]))
-                           .classed('related', true);
-                   }
+             if ((b1 & 0xC0) === 0x80) {
+               c = (b0 & 0x1F) << 0x6 | b1 & 0x3F;
 
-                   if (context.map().withinEditableZoom()) {
-                       // Apply selection styling if not in wide selection
+               if (c <= 0x7F) {
+                 c = null;
+               }
+             }
+           } else if (bytesPerSequence === 3) {
+             b1 = buf[i + 1];
+             b2 = buf[i + 2];
 
-                       surface
-                           .selectAll(utilDeepMemberSelector(selectedIDs, context.graph(), true /* skipMultipolgonMembers */))
-                           .classed('selected-member', true);
-                       surface
-                           .selectAll(utilEntityOrDeepMemberSelector(selectedIDs, context.graph()))
-                           .classed('selected', true);
-                   }
+             if ((b1 & 0xC0) === 0x80 && (b2 & 0xC0) === 0x80) {
+               c = (b0 & 0xF) << 0xC | (b1 & 0x3F) << 0x6 | b2 & 0x3F;
 
+               if (c <= 0x7FF || c >= 0xD800 && c <= 0xDFFF) {
+                 c = null;
                }
+             }
+           } else if (bytesPerSequence === 4) {
+             b1 = buf[i + 1];
+             b2 = buf[i + 2];
+             b3 = buf[i + 3];
 
+             if ((b1 & 0xC0) === 0x80 && (b2 & 0xC0) === 0x80 && (b3 & 0xC0) === 0x80) {
+               c = (b0 & 0xF) << 0x12 | (b1 & 0x3F) << 0xC | (b2 & 0x3F) << 0x6 | b3 & 0x3F;
 
-               function esc() {
-                   if (context.container().select('.combobox').size()) return;
-                   context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+               if (c <= 0xFFFF || c >= 0x110000) {
+                 c = null;
                }
+             }
+           }
 
+           if (c === null) {
+             c = 0xFFFD;
+             bytesPerSequence = 1;
+           } else if (c > 0xFFFF) {
+             c -= 0x10000;
+             str += String.fromCharCode(c >>> 10 & 0x3FF | 0xD800);
+             c = 0xDC00 | c & 0x3FF;
+           }
 
-               function firstVertex() {
-                   event.preventDefault();
-                   var entity = singular();
-                   var parent = singularParent();
-                   var way;
+           str += String.fromCharCode(c);
+           i += bytesPerSequence;
+         }
 
-                   if (entity && entity.type === 'way') {
-                       way = entity;
-                   } else if (parent) {
-                       way = context.entity(parent);
-                   }
+         return str;
+       }
 
-                   if (way) {
-                       context.enter(
-                           modeSelect(context, [way.first()]).follow(true)
-                       );
-                   }
+       function readUtf8TextDecoder(buf, pos, end) {
+         return utf8TextDecoder.decode(buf.subarray(pos, end));
+       }
+
+       function writeUtf8(buf, str, pos) {
+         for (var i = 0, c, lead; i < str.length; i++) {
+           c = str.charCodeAt(i); // code point
+
+           if (c > 0xD7FF && c < 0xE000) {
+             if (lead) {
+               if (c < 0xDC00) {
+                 buf[pos++] = 0xEF;
+                 buf[pos++] = 0xBF;
+                 buf[pos++] = 0xBD;
+                 lead = c;
+                 continue;
+               } else {
+                 c = lead - 0xD800 << 10 | c - 0xDC00 | 0x10000;
+                 lead = null;
+               }
+             } else {
+               if (c > 0xDBFF || i + 1 === str.length) {
+                 buf[pos++] = 0xEF;
+                 buf[pos++] = 0xBF;
+                 buf[pos++] = 0xBD;
+               } else {
+                 lead = c;
                }
 
+               continue;
+             }
+           } else if (lead) {
+             buf[pos++] = 0xEF;
+             buf[pos++] = 0xBF;
+             buf[pos++] = 0xBD;
+             lead = null;
+           }
 
-               function lastVertex() {
-                   event.preventDefault();
-                   var entity = singular();
-                   var parent = singularParent();
-                   var way;
+           if (c < 0x80) {
+             buf[pos++] = c;
+           } else {
+             if (c < 0x800) {
+               buf[pos++] = c >> 0x6 | 0xC0;
+             } else {
+               if (c < 0x10000) {
+                 buf[pos++] = c >> 0xC | 0xE0;
+               } else {
+                 buf[pos++] = c >> 0x12 | 0xF0;
+                 buf[pos++] = c >> 0xC & 0x3F | 0x80;
+               }
 
-                   if (entity && entity.type === 'way') {
-                       way = entity;
-                   } else if (parent) {
-                       way = context.entity(parent);
-                   }
+               buf[pos++] = c >> 0x6 & 0x3F | 0x80;
+             }
 
-                   if (way) {
-                       context.enter(
-                           modeSelect(context, [way.last()]).follow(true)
-                       );
-                   }
-               }
+             buf[pos++] = c & 0x3F | 0x80;
+           }
+         }
 
+         return pos;
+       }
 
-               function previousVertex() {
-                   event.preventDefault();
-                   var parent = singularParent();
-                   if (!parent) return;
+       var pointGeometry = Point;
+       /**
+        * A standalone point geometry with useful accessor, comparison, and
+        * modification methods.
+        *
+        * @class Point
+        * @param {Number} x the x-coordinate. this could be longitude or screen
+        * pixels, or any other sort of unit.
+        * @param {Number} y the y-coordinate. this could be latitude or screen
+        * pixels, or any other sort of unit.
+        * @example
+        * var point = new Point(-77, 38);
+        */
 
-                   var way = context.entity(parent);
-                   var length = way.nodes.length;
-                   var curr = way.nodes.indexOf(selectedIDs[0]);
-                   var index = -1;
+       function Point(x, y) {
+         this.x = x;
+         this.y = y;
+       }
 
-                   if (curr > 0) {
-                       index = curr - 1;
-                   } else if (way.isClosed()) {
-                       index = length - 2;
-                   }
+       Point.prototype = {
+         /**
+          * Clone this point, returning a new point that can be modified
+          * without affecting the old one.
+          * @return {Point} the clone
+          */
+         clone: function clone() {
+           return new Point(this.x, this.y);
+         },
 
-                   if (index !== -1) {
-                       context.enter(
-                           modeSelect(context, [way.nodes[index]]).follow(true)
-                       );
-                   }
-               }
+         /**
+          * Add this point's x & y coordinates to another point,
+          * yielding a new point.
+          * @param {Point} p the other point
+          * @return {Point} output point
+          */
+         add: function add(p) {
+           return this.clone()._add(p);
+         },
 
+         /**
+          * Subtract this point's x & y coordinates to from point,
+          * yielding a new point.
+          * @param {Point} p the other point
+          * @return {Point} output point
+          */
+         sub: function sub(p) {
+           return this.clone()._sub(p);
+         },
 
-               function nextVertex() {
-                   event.preventDefault();
-                   var parent = singularParent();
-                   if (!parent) return;
+         /**
+          * Multiply this point's x & y coordinates by point,
+          * yielding a new point.
+          * @param {Point} p the other point
+          * @return {Point} output point
+          */
+         multByPoint: function multByPoint(p) {
+           return this.clone()._multByPoint(p);
+         },
 
-                   var way = context.entity(parent);
-                   var length = way.nodes.length;
-                   var curr = way.nodes.indexOf(selectedIDs[0]);
-                   var index = -1;
+         /**
+          * Divide this point's x & y coordinates by point,
+          * yielding a new point.
+          * @param {Point} p the other point
+          * @return {Point} output point
+          */
+         divByPoint: function divByPoint(p) {
+           return this.clone()._divByPoint(p);
+         },
 
-                   if (curr < length - 1) {
-                       index = curr + 1;
-                   } else if (way.isClosed()) {
-                       index = 0;
-                   }
+         /**
+          * Multiply this point's x & y coordinates by a factor,
+          * yielding a new point.
+          * @param {Point} k factor
+          * @return {Point} output point
+          */
+         mult: function mult(k) {
+           return this.clone()._mult(k);
+         },
 
-                   if (index !== -1) {
-                       context.enter(
-                           modeSelect(context, [way.nodes[index]]).follow(true)
-                       );
-                   }
-               }
+         /**
+          * Divide this point's x & y coordinates by a factor,
+          * yielding a new point.
+          * @param {Point} k factor
+          * @return {Point} output point
+          */
+         div: function div(k) {
+           return this.clone()._div(k);
+         },
 
+         /**
+          * Rotate this point around the 0, 0 origin by an angle a,
+          * given in radians
+          * @param {Number} a angle to rotate around, in radians
+          * @return {Point} output point
+          */
+         rotate: function rotate(a) {
+           return this.clone()._rotate(a);
+         },
 
-               function nextParent() {
-                   event.preventDefault();
-                   var parents = commonParents();
-                   if (!parents || parents.length < 2) return;
+         /**
+          * Rotate this point around p point by an angle a,
+          * given in radians
+          * @param {Number} a angle to rotate around, in radians
+          * @param {Point} p Point to rotate around
+          * @return {Point} output point
+          */
+         rotateAround: function rotateAround(a, p) {
+           return this.clone()._rotateAround(a, p);
+         },
 
-                   var index = parents.indexOf(_relatedParent);
-                   if (index < 0 || index > parents.length - 2) {
-                       _relatedParent = parents[0];
-                   } else {
-                       _relatedParent = parents[index + 1];
-                   }
+         /**
+          * Multiply this point by a 4x1 transformation matrix
+          * @param {Array<Number>} m transformation matrix
+          * @return {Point} output point
+          */
+         matMult: function matMult(m) {
+           return this.clone()._matMult(m);
+         },
 
-                   var surface = context.surface();
-                   surface.selectAll('.related')
-                       .classed('related', false);
+         /**
+          * Calculate this point but as a unit vector from 0, 0, meaning
+          * that the distance from the resulting point to the 0, 0
+          * coordinate will be equal to 1 and the angle from the resulting
+          * point to the 0, 0 coordinate will be the same as before.
+          * @return {Point} unit vector point
+          */
+         unit: function unit() {
+           return this.clone()._unit();
+         },
 
-                   if (_relatedParent) {
-                       surface.selectAll(utilEntitySelector([_relatedParent]))
-                           .classed('related', true);
-                   }
-               }
-           };
+         /**
+          * Compute a perpendicular point, where the new y coordinate
+          * is the old x coordinate and the new x coordinate is the old y
+          * coordinate multiplied by -1
+          * @return {Point} perpendicular point
+          */
+         perp: function perp() {
+           return this.clone()._perp();
+         },
 
+         /**
+          * Return a version of this point with the x & y coordinates
+          * rounded to integers.
+          * @return {Point} rounded point
+          */
+         round: function round() {
+           return this.clone()._round();
+         },
 
-           mode.exit = function() {
+         /**
+          * Return the magitude of this point: this is the Euclidean
+          * distance from the 0, 0 coordinate to this point's x and y
+          * coordinates.
+          * @return {Number} magnitude
+          */
+         mag: function mag() {
+           return Math.sqrt(this.x * this.x + this.y * this.y);
+         },
 
-               _newFeature = false;
+         /**
+          * Judge whether this point is equal to another point, returning
+          * true or false.
+          * @param {Point} other the other point
+          * @return {boolean} whether the points are equal
+          */
+         equals: function equals(other) {
+           return this.x === other.x && this.y === other.y;
+         },
 
-               _operations.forEach(function(operation) {
-                   if (operation.behavior) {
-                       context.uninstall(operation.behavior);
-                   }
-               });
-               _operations = [];
+         /**
+          * Calculate the distance from this point to another point
+          * @param {Point} p the other point
+          * @return {Number} distance
+          */
+         dist: function dist(p) {
+           return Math.sqrt(this.distSqr(p));
+         },
 
-               _behaviors.forEach(context.uninstall);
+         /**
+          * Calculate the distance from this point to another point,
+          * without the square root step. Useful if you're comparing
+          * relative distances.
+          * @param {Point} p the other point
+          * @return {Number} distance
+          */
+         distSqr: function distSqr(p) {
+           var dx = p.x - this.x,
+               dy = p.y - this.y;
+           return dx * dx + dy * dy;
+         },
 
-               select(document)
-                   .call(keybinding.unbind);
+         /**
+          * Get the angle from the 0, 0 coordinate to this point, in radians
+          * coordinates.
+          * @return {Number} angle
+          */
+         angle: function angle() {
+           return Math.atan2(this.y, this.x);
+         },
 
-               context.ui().closeEditMenu();
+         /**
+          * Get the angle from this point to another point, in radians
+          * @param {Point} b the other point
+          * @return {Number} angle
+          */
+         angleTo: function angleTo(b) {
+           return Math.atan2(this.y - b.y, this.x - b.x);
+         },
 
-               context.history()
-                   .on('change.select', null)
-                   .on('undone.select', null)
-                   .on('redone.select', null);
+         /**
+          * Get the angle between this point and another point, in radians
+          * @param {Point} b the other point
+          * @return {Number} angle
+          */
+         angleWith: function angleWith(b) {
+           return this.angleWithSep(b.x, b.y);
+         },
 
-               var surface = context.surface();
+         /*
+          * Find the angle of the two vectors, solving the formula for
+          * the cross product a x b = |a||b|sin(θ) for θ.
+          * @param {Number} x the x-coordinate
+          * @param {Number} y the y-coordinate
+          * @return {Number} the angle in radians
+          */
+         angleWithSep: function angleWithSep(x, y) {
+           return Math.atan2(this.x * y - this.y * x, this.x * x + this.y * y);
+         },
+         _matMult: function _matMult(m) {
+           var x = m[0] * this.x + m[1] * this.y,
+               y = m[2] * this.x + m[3] * this.y;
+           this.x = x;
+           this.y = y;
+           return this;
+         },
+         _add: function _add(p) {
+           this.x += p.x;
+           this.y += p.y;
+           return this;
+         },
+         _sub: function _sub(p) {
+           this.x -= p.x;
+           this.y -= p.y;
+           return this;
+         },
+         _mult: function _mult(k) {
+           this.x *= k;
+           this.y *= k;
+           return this;
+         },
+         _div: function _div(k) {
+           this.x /= k;
+           this.y /= k;
+           return this;
+         },
+         _multByPoint: function _multByPoint(p) {
+           this.x *= p.x;
+           this.y *= p.y;
+           return this;
+         },
+         _divByPoint: function _divByPoint(p) {
+           this.x /= p.x;
+           this.y /= p.y;
+           return this;
+         },
+         _unit: function _unit() {
+           this._div(this.mag());
 
-               surface
-                   .selectAll('.selected-member')
-                   .classed('selected-member', false);
+           return this;
+         },
+         _perp: function _perp() {
+           var y = this.y;
+           this.y = this.x;
+           this.x = -y;
+           return this;
+         },
+         _rotate: function _rotate(angle) {
+           var cos = Math.cos(angle),
+               sin = Math.sin(angle),
+               x = cos * this.x - sin * this.y,
+               y = sin * this.x + cos * this.y;
+           this.x = x;
+           this.y = y;
+           return this;
+         },
+         _rotateAround: function _rotateAround(angle, p) {
+           var cos = Math.cos(angle),
+               sin = Math.sin(angle),
+               x = p.x + cos * (this.x - p.x) - sin * (this.y - p.y),
+               y = p.y + sin * (this.x - p.x) + cos * (this.y - p.y);
+           this.x = x;
+           this.y = y;
+           return this;
+         },
+         _round: function _round() {
+           this.x = Math.round(this.x);
+           this.y = Math.round(this.y);
+           return this;
+         }
+       };
+       /**
+        * Construct a point from an array if necessary, otherwise if the input
+        * is already a Point, or an unknown type, return it unchanged
+        * @param {Array<Number>|Point|*} a any kind of input value
+        * @return {Point} constructed point, or passed-through value.
+        * @example
+        * // this
+        * var point = Point.convert([0, 1]);
+        * // is equivalent to
+        * var point = new Point(0, 1);
+        */
 
-               surface
-                   .selectAll('.selected')
-                   .classed('selected', false);
+       Point.convert = function (a) {
+         if (a instanceof Point) {
+           return a;
+         }
 
-               surface
-                   .selectAll('.highlighted')
-                   .classed('highlighted', false);
+         if (Array.isArray(a)) {
+           return new Point(a[0], a[1]);
+         }
 
-               surface
-                   .selectAll('.related')
-                   .classed('related', false);
+         return a;
+       };
 
-               context.map().on('drawn.select', null);
-               context.ui().sidebar.hide();
-               context.features().forceVisible([]);
+       var vectortilefeature = VectorTileFeature$1;
 
-               var entity = singular();
-               if (_newFeature && entity && entity.type === 'relation' &&
-                   // no tags
-                   Object.keys(entity.tags).length === 0 &&
-                   // no parent relations
-                   context.graph().parentRelations(entity).length === 0 &&
-                   // no members or one member with no role
-                   (entity.members.length === 0 || (entity.members.length === 1 && !entity.members[0].role))
-               ) {
-                   // the user added this relation but didn't edit it at all, so just delete it
-                   var deleteAction = actionDeleteRelation(entity.id, true /* don't delete untagged members */);
-                   context.perform(deleteAction, _t('operations.delete.annotation.relation'));
-               }
-           };
+       function VectorTileFeature$1(pbf, end, extent, keys, values) {
+         // Public
+         this.properties = {};
+         this.extent = extent;
+         this.type = 0; // Private
 
+         this._pbf = pbf;
+         this._geometry = -1;
+         this._keys = keys;
+         this._values = values;
+         pbf.readFields(readFeature, this, end);
+       }
 
-           return mode;
+       function readFeature(tag, feature, pbf) {
+         if (tag == 1) feature.id = pbf.readVarint();else if (tag == 2) readTag(pbf, feature);else if (tag == 3) feature.type = pbf.readVarint();else if (tag == 4) feature._geometry = pbf.pos;
        }
 
-       function uiLasso(context) {
-           var group, polygon;
+       function readTag(pbf, feature) {
+         var end = pbf.readVarint() + pbf.pos;
 
-           lasso.coordinates = [];
+         while (pbf.pos < end) {
+           var key = feature._keys[pbf.readVarint()],
+               value = feature._values[pbf.readVarint()];
 
-           function lasso(selection) {
-               context.container()
-                   .classed('lasso', true);
+           feature.properties[key] = value;
+         }
+       }
 
-               group = selection
-                   .append('g')
-                   .attr('class', 'lasso hide');
+       VectorTileFeature$1.types = ['Unknown', 'Point', 'LineString', 'Polygon'];
 
-               polygon = group
-                   .append('path')
-                   .attr('class', 'lasso-path');
+       VectorTileFeature$1.prototype.loadGeometry = function () {
+         var pbf = this._pbf;
+         pbf.pos = this._geometry;
+         var end = pbf.readVarint() + pbf.pos,
+             cmd = 1,
+             length = 0,
+             x = 0,
+             y = 0,
+             lines = [],
+             line;
 
-               group
-                   .call(uiToggle(true));
+         while (pbf.pos < end) {
+           if (length <= 0) {
+             var cmdLen = pbf.readVarint();
+             cmd = cmdLen & 0x7;
+             length = cmdLen >> 3;
            }
 
+           length--;
 
-           function draw() {
-               if (polygon) {
-                   polygon.data([lasso.coordinates])
-                       .attr('d', function(d) { return 'M' + d.join(' L') + ' Z'; });
-               }
-           }
-
+           if (cmd === 1 || cmd === 2) {
+             x += pbf.readSVarint();
+             y += pbf.readSVarint();
 
-           lasso.extent = function () {
-               return lasso.coordinates.reduce(function(extent, point) {
-                   return extent.extend(geoExtent(point));
-               }, geoExtent());
-           };
+             if (cmd === 1) {
+               // moveTo
+               if (line) lines.push(line);
+               line = [];
+             }
 
+             line.push(new pointGeometry(x, y));
+           } else if (cmd === 7) {
+             // Workaround for https://github.com/mapbox/mapnik-vector-tile/issues/90
+             if (line) {
+               line.push(line[0].clone()); // closePolygon
+             }
+           } else {
+             throw new Error('unknown command ' + cmd);
+           }
+         }
 
-           lasso.p = function(_) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return lasso;
-               lasso.coordinates.push(_);
-               draw();
-               return lasso;
-           };
+         if (line) lines.push(line);
+         return lines;
+       };
 
+       VectorTileFeature$1.prototype.bbox = function () {
+         var pbf = this._pbf;
+         pbf.pos = this._geometry;
+         var end = pbf.readVarint() + pbf.pos,
+             cmd = 1,
+             length = 0,
+             x = 0,
+             y = 0,
+             x1 = Infinity,
+             x2 = -Infinity,
+             y1 = Infinity,
+             y2 = -Infinity;
 
-           lasso.close = function() {
-               if (group) {
-                   group.call(uiToggle(false, function() {
-                       select(this).remove();
-                   }));
-               }
-               context.container().classed('lasso', false);
-           };
+         while (pbf.pos < end) {
+           if (length <= 0) {
+             var cmdLen = pbf.readVarint();
+             cmd = cmdLen & 0x7;
+             length = cmdLen >> 3;
+           }
 
+           length--;
 
-           return lasso;
-       }
+           if (cmd === 1 || cmd === 2) {
+             x += pbf.readSVarint();
+             y += pbf.readSVarint();
+             if (x < x1) x1 = x;
+             if (x > x2) x2 = x;
+             if (y < y1) y1 = y;
+             if (y > y2) y2 = y;
+           } else if (cmd !== 7) {
+             throw new Error('unknown command ' + cmd);
+           }
+         }
 
-       function behaviorLasso(context) {
+         return [x1, y1, x2, y2];
+       };
 
-           // use pointer events on supported platforms; fallback to mouse events
-           var _pointerPrefix = 'PointerEvent' in window ? 'pointer' : 'mouse';
+       VectorTileFeature$1.prototype.toGeoJSON = function (x, y, z) {
+         var size = this.extent * Math.pow(2, z),
+             x0 = this.extent * x,
+             y0 = this.extent * y,
+             coords = this.loadGeometry(),
+             type = VectorTileFeature$1.types[this.type],
+             i,
+             j;
 
-           var behavior = function(selection) {
-               var lasso;
+         function project(line) {
+           for (var j = 0; j < line.length; j++) {
+             var p = line[j],
+                 y2 = 180 - (p.y + y0) * 360 / size;
+             line[j] = [(p.x + x0) * 360 / size - 180, 360 / Math.PI * Math.atan(Math.exp(y2 * Math.PI / 180)) - 90];
+           }
+         }
 
+         switch (this.type) {
+           case 1:
+             var points = [];
 
-               function pointerdown() {
-                   var button = 0;  // left
-                   if (event.button === button && event.shiftKey === true) {
-                       lasso = null;
+             for (i = 0; i < coords.length; i++) {
+               points[i] = coords[i][0];
+             }
 
-                       select(window)
-                           .on(_pointerPrefix + 'move.lasso', pointermove)
-                           .on(_pointerPrefix + 'up.lasso', pointerup);
+             coords = points;
+             project(coords);
+             break;
 
-                       event.stopPropagation();
-                   }
-               }
+           case 2:
+             for (i = 0; i < coords.length; i++) {
+               project(coords[i]);
+             }
 
+             break;
 
-               function pointermove() {
-                   if (!lasso) {
-                       lasso = uiLasso(context);
-                       context.surface().call(lasso);
-                   }
+           case 3:
+             coords = classifyRings(coords);
 
-                   lasso.p(context.map().mouse());
+             for (i = 0; i < coords.length; i++) {
+               for (j = 0; j < coords[i].length; j++) {
+                 project(coords[i][j]);
                }
+             }
 
+             break;
+         }
 
-               function normalize(a, b) {
-                   return [
-                       [Math.min(a[0], b[0]), Math.min(a[1], b[1])],
-                       [Math.max(a[0], b[0]), Math.max(a[1], b[1])]
-                   ];
-               }
+         if (coords.length === 1) {
+           coords = coords[0];
+         } else {
+           type = 'Multi' + type;
+         }
 
+         var result = {
+           type: "Feature",
+           geometry: {
+             type: type,
+             coordinates: coords
+           },
+           properties: this.properties
+         };
 
-               function lassoed() {
-                   if (!lasso) return [];
+         if ('id' in this) {
+           result.id = this.id;
+         }
 
-                   var graph = context.graph();
-                   var limitToNodes;
+         return result;
+       }; // classifies an array of rings into polygons with outer rings and holes
 
-                   if (context.map().editableDataEnabled(true /* skipZoomCheck */) && context.map().isInWideSelection()) {
-                       // only select from the visible nodes
-                       limitToNodes = new Set(utilGetAllNodes(context.selectedIDs(), graph));
-                   } else if (!context.map().editableDataEnabled()) {
-                       return [];
-                   }
 
-                   var bounds = lasso.extent().map(context.projection.invert);
-                   var extent = geoExtent(normalize(bounds[0], bounds[1]));
+       function classifyRings(rings) {
+         var len = rings.length;
+         if (len <= 1) return [rings];
+         var polygons = [],
+             polygon,
+             ccw;
 
-                   var intersects = context.history().intersects(extent).filter(function(entity) {
-                       return entity.type === 'node' &&
-                           (!limitToNodes || limitToNodes.has(entity)) &&
-                           geoPointInPolygon(context.projection(entity.loc), lasso.coordinates) &&
-                           !context.features().isHidden(entity, graph, entity.geometry(graph));
-                   });
+         for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+           var area = signedArea(rings[i]);
+           if (area === 0) continue;
+           if (ccw === undefined) ccw = area < 0;
 
-                   // sort the lassoed nodes as best we can
-                   intersects.sort(function(node1, node2) {
-                       var parents1 = graph.parentWays(node1);
-                       var parents2 = graph.parentWays(node2);
-                       if (parents1.length && parents2.length) {
-                           // both nodes are vertices
-
-                           var sharedParents = utilArrayIntersection(parents1, parents2);
-                           if (sharedParents.length) {
-                               var sharedParentNodes = sharedParents[0].nodes;
-                               // vertices are members of the same way; sort them in their listed order
-                               return sharedParentNodes.indexOf(node1.id) -
-                                   sharedParentNodes.indexOf(node2.id);
-                           } else {
-                               // vertices do not share a way; group them by their respective parent ways
-                               return parseFloat(parents1[0].id.slice(1)) -
-                                   parseFloat(parents2[0].id.slice(1));
-                           }
+           if (ccw === area < 0) {
+             if (polygon) polygons.push(polygon);
+             polygon = [rings[i]];
+           } else {
+             polygon.push(rings[i]);
+           }
+         }
 
-                       } else if (parents1.length || parents2.length) {
-                           // only one node is a vertex; sort standalone points before vertices
-                           return parents1.length - parents2.length;
-                       }
-                       // both nodes are standalone points; sort left to right
-                       return node1.loc[0] - node2.loc[0];
-                   });
+         if (polygon) polygons.push(polygon);
+         return polygons;
+       }
 
-                   return intersects.map(function(entity) { return entity.id; });
-               }
+       function signedArea(ring) {
+         var sum = 0;
 
+         for (var i = 0, len = ring.length, j = len - 1, p1, p2; i < len; j = i++) {
+           p1 = ring[i];
+           p2 = ring[j];
+           sum += (p2.x - p1.x) * (p1.y + p2.y);
+         }
 
-               function pointerup() {
-                   select(window)
-                       .on(_pointerPrefix + 'move.lasso', null)
-                       .on(_pointerPrefix + 'up.lasso', null);
+         return sum;
+       }
 
-                   if (!lasso) return;
+       var vectortilelayer = VectorTileLayer$1;
 
-                   var ids = lassoed();
-                   lasso.close();
+       function VectorTileLayer$1(pbf, end) {
+         // Public
+         this.version = 1;
+         this.name = null;
+         this.extent = 4096;
+         this.length = 0; // Private
 
-                   if (ids.length) {
-                       context.enter(modeSelect(context, ids));
-                   }
-               }
+         this._pbf = pbf;
+         this._keys = [];
+         this._values = [];
+         this._features = [];
+         pbf.readFields(readLayer, this, end);
+         this.length = this._features.length;
+       }
 
-               selection
-                   .on(_pointerPrefix + 'down.lasso', pointerdown);
-           };
+       function readLayer(tag, layer, pbf) {
+         if (tag === 15) layer.version = pbf.readVarint();else if (tag === 1) layer.name = pbf.readString();else if (tag === 5) layer.extent = pbf.readVarint();else if (tag === 2) layer._features.push(pbf.pos);else if (tag === 3) layer._keys.push(pbf.readString());else if (tag === 4) layer._values.push(readValueMessage(pbf));
+       }
 
+       function readValueMessage(pbf) {
+         var value = null,
+             end = pbf.readVarint() + pbf.pos;
 
-           behavior.off = function(selection) {
-               selection.on(_pointerPrefix + 'down.lasso', null);
-           };
+         while (pbf.pos < end) {
+           var tag = pbf.readVarint() >> 3;
+           value = tag === 1 ? pbf.readString() : tag === 2 ? pbf.readFloat() : tag === 3 ? pbf.readDouble() : tag === 4 ? pbf.readVarint64() : tag === 5 ? pbf.readVarint() : tag === 6 ? pbf.readSVarint() : tag === 7 ? pbf.readBoolean() : null;
+         }
 
+         return value;
+       } // return feature `i` from this layer as a `VectorTileFeature`
 
-           return behavior;
-       }
 
-       function modeBrowse(context) {
-           var mode = {
-               button: 'browse',
-               id: 'browse',
-               title: _t('modes.browse.title'),
-               description: _t('modes.browse.description')
-           };
-           var sidebar;
+       VectorTileLayer$1.prototype.feature = function (i) {
+         if (i < 0 || i >= this._features.length) throw new Error('feature index out of bounds');
+         this._pbf.pos = this._features[i];
 
-           var _selectBehavior;
-           var _behaviors = [];
+         var end = this._pbf.readVarint() + this._pbf.pos;
 
+         return new vectortilefeature(this._pbf, end, this.extent, this._keys, this._values);
+       };
 
-           mode.selectBehavior = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _selectBehavior;
-               _selectBehavior = val;
-               return mode;
-           };
+       var vectortile = VectorTile$1;
 
+       function VectorTile$1(pbf, end) {
+         this.layers = pbf.readFields(readTile, {}, end);
+       }
 
-           mode.enter = function() {
-               if (!_behaviors.length) {
-                   if (!_selectBehavior) _selectBehavior = behaviorSelect(context);
-                   _behaviors = [
-                       behaviorPaste(context),
-                       behaviorHover(context).on('hover', context.ui().sidebar.hover),
-                       _selectBehavior,
-                       behaviorLasso(context),
-                       modeDragNode(context).behavior,
-                       modeDragNote(context).behavior
-                   ];
-               }
-               _behaviors.forEach(context.install);
+       function readTile(tag, layers, pbf) {
+         if (tag === 3) {
+           var layer = new vectortilelayer(pbf, pbf.readVarint() + pbf.pos);
+           if (layer.length) layers[layer.name] = layer;
+         }
+       }
 
-               // Get focus on the body.
-               if (document.activeElement && document.activeElement.blur) {
-                   document.activeElement.blur();
-               }
+       var VectorTile = vectortile;
+       var VectorTileFeature = vectortilefeature;
+       var VectorTileLayer = vectortilelayer;
+       var vectorTile = {
+         VectorTile: VectorTile,
+         VectorTileFeature: VectorTileFeature,
+         VectorTileLayer: VectorTileLayer
+       };
 
-               if (sidebar) {
-                   context.ui().sidebar.show(sidebar);
-               } else {
-                   context.ui().sidebar.select(null);
-               }
-           };
+       var accessToken = 'MLY|4100327730013843|5bb78b81720791946a9a7b956c57b7cf';
+       var apiUrl = 'https://graph.mapillary.com/';
+       var baseTileUrl = 'https://tiles.mapillary.com/maps/vtp';
+       var mapFeatureTileUrl = "".concat(baseTileUrl, "/mly_map_feature_point/2/{z}/{x}/{y}?access_token=").concat(accessToken);
+       var tileUrl = "".concat(baseTileUrl, "/mly1_public/2/{z}/{x}/{y}?access_token=").concat(accessToken);
+       var trafficSignTileUrl = "".concat(baseTileUrl, "/mly_map_feature_traffic_sign/2/{z}/{x}/{y}?access_token=").concat(accessToken);
+       var viewercss = 'mapillary-js/mapillary.css';
+       var viewerjs = 'mapillary-js/mapillary.js';
+       var minZoom$1 = 14;
+       var dispatch$4 = dispatch$8('change', 'loadedImages', 'loadedSigns', 'loadedMapFeatures', 'bearingChanged', 'imageChanged');
 
+       var _loadViewerPromise$2;
 
-           mode.exit = function() {
-               context.ui().sidebar.hover.cancel();
-               _behaviors.forEach(context.uninstall);
+       var _mlyActiveImage;
 
-               if (sidebar) {
-                   context.ui().sidebar.hide();
-               }
-           };
+       var _mlyCache;
 
+       var _mlyFallback = false;
 
-           mode.sidebar = function(_) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return sidebar;
-               sidebar = _;
-               return mode;
-           };
+       var _mlyHighlightedDetection;
 
+       var _mlyShowFeatureDetections = false;
+       var _mlyShowSignDetections = false;
 
-           mode.operations = function() {
-               return [operationPaste(context)];
-           };
+       var _mlyViewer;
 
+       var _mlyViewerFilter = ['all']; // Load all data for the specified type from Mapillary vector tiles
 
-           return mode;
-       }
+       function loadTiles$2(which, url, maxZoom, projection) {
+         var tiler = utilTiler().zoomExtent([minZoom$1, maxZoom]).skipNullIsland(true);
+         var tiles = tiler.getTiles(projection);
+         tiles.forEach(function (tile) {
+           loadTile$1(which, url, tile);
+         });
+       } // Load all data for the specified type from one vector tile
+
+
+       function loadTile$1(which, url, tile) {
+         var cache = _mlyCache.requests;
+         var tileId = "".concat(tile.id, "-").concat(which);
+         if (cache.loaded[tileId] || cache.inflight[tileId]) return;
+         var controller = new AbortController();
+         cache.inflight[tileId] = controller;
+         var requestUrl = url.replace('{x}', tile.xyz[0]).replace('{y}', tile.xyz[1]).replace('{z}', tile.xyz[2]);
+         fetch(requestUrl, {
+           signal: controller.signal
+         }).then(function (response) {
+           if (!response.ok) {
+             throw new Error(response.status + ' ' + response.statusText);
+           }
+
+           cache.loaded[tileId] = true;
+           delete cache.inflight[tileId];
+           return response.arrayBuffer();
+         }).then(function (data) {
+           if (!data) {
+             throw new Error('No Data');
+           }
+
+           loadTileDataToCache(data, tile, which);
+
+           if (which === 'images') {
+             dispatch$4.call('loadedImages');
+           } else if (which === 'signs') {
+             dispatch$4.call('loadedSigns');
+           } else if (which === 'points') {
+             dispatch$4.call('loadedMapFeatures');
+           }
+         })["catch"](function () {
+           cache.loaded[tileId] = true;
+           delete cache.inflight[tileId];
+         });
+       } // Load the data from the vector tile into cache
 
-       function behaviorAddWay(context) {
-           var dispatch$1 = dispatch('start', 'startFromWay', 'startFromNode');
-           var draw = behaviorDraw(context);
 
-           function behavior(surface) {
-               draw.on('click', function() { dispatch$1.apply('start', this, arguments); })
-                   .on('clickWay', function() { dispatch$1.apply('startFromWay', this, arguments); })
-                   .on('clickNode', function() { dispatch$1.apply('startFromNode', this, arguments); })
-                   .on('cancel', behavior.cancel)
-                   .on('finish', behavior.cancel);
+       function loadTileDataToCache(data, tile, which) {
+         var vectorTile = new VectorTile(new pbf(data));
+         var features, cache, layer, i, feature, loc, d;
 
-               context.map()
-                   .dblclickZoomEnable(false);
+         if (vectorTile.layers.hasOwnProperty('image')) {
+           features = [];
+           cache = _mlyCache.images;
+           layer = vectorTile.layers.image;
 
-               surface.call(draw);
+           for (i = 0; i < layer.length; i++) {
+             feature = layer.feature(i).toGeoJSON(tile.xyz[0], tile.xyz[1], tile.xyz[2]);
+             loc = feature.geometry.coordinates;
+             d = {
+               loc: loc,
+               captured_at: feature.properties.captured_at,
+               ca: feature.properties.compass_angle,
+               id: feature.properties.id,
+               is_pano: feature.properties.is_pano,
+               sequence_id: feature.properties.sequence_id
+             };
+             cache.forImageId[d.id] = d;
+             features.push({
+               minX: loc[0],
+               minY: loc[1],
+               maxX: loc[0],
+               maxY: loc[1],
+               data: d
+             });
            }
 
+           if (cache.rtree) {
+             cache.rtree.load(features);
+           }
+         }
 
-           behavior.off = function(surface) {
-               surface.call(draw.off);
-           };
+         if (vectorTile.layers.hasOwnProperty('sequence')) {
+           features = [];
+           cache = _mlyCache.sequences;
+           layer = vectorTile.layers.sequence;
 
+           for (i = 0; i < layer.length; i++) {
+             feature = layer.feature(i).toGeoJSON(tile.xyz[0], tile.xyz[1], tile.xyz[2]);
 
-           behavior.cancel = function() {
-               window.setTimeout(function() {
-                   context.map().dblclickZoomEnable(true);
-               }, 1000);
+             if (cache.lineString[feature.properties.id]) {
+               cache.lineString[feature.properties.id].push(feature);
+             } else {
+               cache.lineString[feature.properties.id] = [feature];
+             }
+           }
+         }
 
-               context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
-           };
+         if (vectorTile.layers.hasOwnProperty('point')) {
+           features = [];
+           cache = _mlyCache[which];
+           layer = vectorTile.layers.point;
 
+           for (i = 0; i < layer.length; i++) {
+             feature = layer.feature(i).toGeoJSON(tile.xyz[0], tile.xyz[1], tile.xyz[2]);
+             loc = feature.geometry.coordinates;
+             d = {
+               loc: loc,
+               id: feature.properties.id,
+               first_seen_at: feature.properties.first_seen_at,
+               last_seen_at: feature.properties.last_seen_at,
+               value: feature.properties.value
+             };
+             features.push({
+               minX: loc[0],
+               minY: loc[1],
+               maxX: loc[0],
+               maxY: loc[1],
+               data: d
+             });
+           }
 
-           return utilRebind(behavior, dispatch$1, 'on');
-       }
+           if (cache.rtree) {
+             cache.rtree.load(features);
+           }
+         }
 
-       function behaviorHash(context) {
+         if (vectorTile.layers.hasOwnProperty('traffic_sign')) {
+           features = [];
+           cache = _mlyCache[which];
+           layer = vectorTile.layers.traffic_sign;
 
-           // cached window.location.hash
-           var _cachedHash = null;
-           // allowable latitude range
-           var _latitudeLimit = 90 - 1e-8;
-
-           function computedHashParameters() {
-               var map = context.map();
-               var center = map.center();
-               var zoom = map.zoom();
-               var precision = Math.max(0, Math.ceil(Math.log(zoom) / Math.LN2));
-               var oldParams = utilObjectOmit(utilStringQs(window.location.hash),
-                   ['comment', 'source', 'hashtags', 'walkthrough']
-               );
-               var newParams = {};
+           for (i = 0; i < layer.length; i++) {
+             feature = layer.feature(i).toGeoJSON(tile.xyz[0], tile.xyz[1], tile.xyz[2]);
+             loc = feature.geometry.coordinates;
+             d = {
+               loc: loc,
+               id: feature.properties.id,
+               first_seen_at: feature.properties.first_seen_at,
+               last_seen_at: feature.properties.last_seen_at,
+               value: feature.properties.value
+             };
+             features.push({
+               minX: loc[0],
+               minY: loc[1],
+               maxX: loc[0],
+               maxY: loc[1],
+               data: d
+             });
+           }
 
-               delete oldParams.id;
-               var selected = context.selectedIDs().filter(function(id) {
-                   return context.hasEntity(id);
-               });
-               if (selected.length) {
-                   newParams.id = selected.join(',');
-               }
+           if (cache.rtree) {
+             cache.rtree.load(features);
+           }
+         }
+       } // Get data from the API
 
-               newParams.map = zoom.toFixed(2) +
-                   '/' + center[1].toFixed(precision) +
-                   '/' + center[0].toFixed(precision);
 
-               return Object.assign(oldParams, newParams);
+       function loadData(url) {
+         return fetch(url).then(function (response) {
+           if (!response.ok) {
+             throw new Error(response.status + ' ' + response.statusText);
            }
 
-           function computedHash() {
-               return '#' + utilQsString(computedHashParameters(), true);
+           return response.json();
+         }).then(function (result) {
+           if (!result) {
+             return [];
            }
 
-           function computedTitle(includeChangeCount) {
-
-               var baseTitle = context.documentTitleBase() || 'iD';
-               var contextual;
-               var changeCount;
-               var titleID;
+           return result.data || [];
+         });
+       } // Partition viewport into higher zoom tiles
 
-               var selected = context.selectedIDs().filter(function(id) {
-                   return context.hasEntity(id);
-               });
-               if (selected.length) {
-                   var firstLabel = utilDisplayLabel(context.entity(selected[0]), context.graph());
-                   if (selected.length > 1 ) {
-                       contextual = _t('title.labeled_and_more', {
-                           labeled: firstLabel,
-                           count: (selected.length - 1).toString()
-                       });
-                   } else {
-                       contextual = firstLabel;
-                   }
-                   titleID = 'context';
-               }
 
-               if (includeChangeCount) {
-                   changeCount = context.history().difference().summary().length;
-                   if (changeCount > 0) {
-                       titleID = contextual ? 'changes_context' : 'changes';
-                   }
-               }
+       function partitionViewport$2(projection) {
+         var z = geoScaleToZoom(projection.scale());
+         var z2 = Math.ceil(z * 2) / 2 + 2.5; // round to next 0.5 and add 2.5
 
-               if (titleID) {
-                   return _t('title.format.' + titleID, {
-                       changes: changeCount,
-                       base: baseTitle,
-                       context: contextual
-                   });
-               }
+         var tiler = utilTiler().zoomExtent([z2, z2]);
+         return tiler.getTiles(projection).map(function (tile) {
+           return tile.extent;
+         });
+       } // Return no more than `limit` results per partition.
 
-               return baseTitle;
-           }
 
-           function updateTitle(includeChangeCount) {
-               if (!context.setsDocumentTitle()) return;
+       function searchLimited$2(limit, projection, rtree) {
+         limit = limit || 5;
+         return partitionViewport$2(projection).reduce(function (result, extent) {
+           var found = rtree.search(extent.bbox()).slice(0, limit).map(function (d) {
+             return d.data;
+           });
+           return found.length ? result.concat(found) : result;
+         }, []);
+       }
 
-               var newTitle = computedTitle(includeChangeCount);
-               if (document.title !== newTitle) {
-                   document.title = newTitle;
-               }
+       var serviceMapillary = {
+         // Initialize Mapillary
+         init: function init() {
+           if (!_mlyCache) {
+             this.reset();
            }
 
-           function updateHashIfNeeded() {
-               if (context.inIntro()) return;
-
-               var latestHash = computedHash();
-               if (_cachedHash !== latestHash) {
-                   _cachedHash = latestHash;
+           this.event = utilRebind(this, dispatch$4, 'on');
+         },
+         // Reset cache and state
+         reset: function reset() {
+           if (_mlyCache) {
+             Object.values(_mlyCache.requests.inflight).forEach(function (request) {
+               request.abort();
+             });
+           }
 
-                   // Update the URL hash without affecting the browser navigation stack,
-                   // though unavoidably creating a browser history entry
-                   window.history.replaceState(null, computedTitle(false /* includeChangeCount */), latestHash);
+           _mlyCache = {
+             images: {
+               rtree: new RBush(),
+               forImageId: {}
+             },
+             image_detections: {
+               forImageId: {}
+             },
+             signs: {
+               rtree: new RBush()
+             },
+             points: {
+               rtree: new RBush()
+             },
+             sequences: {
+               rtree: new RBush(),
+               lineString: {}
+             },
+             requests: {
+               loaded: {},
+               inflight: {}
+             }
+           };
+           _mlyActiveImage = null;
+         },
+         // Get visible images
+         images: function images(projection) {
+           var limit = 5;
+           return searchLimited$2(limit, projection, _mlyCache.images.rtree);
+         },
+         // Get visible traffic signs
+         signs: function signs(projection) {
+           var limit = 5;
+           return searchLimited$2(limit, projection, _mlyCache.signs.rtree);
+         },
+         // Get visible map (point) features
+         mapFeatures: function mapFeatures(projection) {
+           var limit = 5;
+           return searchLimited$2(limit, projection, _mlyCache.points.rtree);
+         },
+         // Get cached image by id
+         cachedImage: function cachedImage(imageId) {
+           return _mlyCache.images.forImageId[imageId];
+         },
+         // Get visible sequences
+         sequences: function sequences(projection) {
+           var viewport = projection.clipExtent();
+           var min = [viewport[0][0], viewport[1][1]];
+           var max = [viewport[1][0], viewport[0][1]];
+           var bbox = geoExtent(projection.invert(min), projection.invert(max)).bbox();
+           var sequenceIds = {};
+           var lineStrings = [];
 
-                   // set the title we want displayed for the browser tab/window
-                   updateTitle(true /* includeChangeCount */);
-               }
-           }
+           _mlyCache.images.rtree.search(bbox).forEach(function (d) {
+             if (d.data.sequence_id) {
+               sequenceIds[d.data.sequence_id] = true;
+             }
+           });
 
-           var _throttledUpdate = throttle(updateHashIfNeeded, 500);
-           var _throttledUpdateTitle = throttle(function() {
-               updateTitle(true /* includeChangeCount */);
-           }, 500);
+           Object.keys(sequenceIds).forEach(function (sequenceId) {
+             if (_mlyCache.sequences.lineString[sequenceId]) {
+               lineStrings = lineStrings.concat(_mlyCache.sequences.lineString[sequenceId]);
+             }
+           });
+           return lineStrings;
+         },
+         // Load images in the visible area
+         loadImages: function loadImages(projection) {
+           loadTiles$2('images', tileUrl, 14, projection);
+         },
+         // Load traffic signs in the visible area
+         loadSigns: function loadSigns(projection) {
+           loadTiles$2('signs', trafficSignTileUrl, 14, projection);
+         },
+         // Load map (point) features in the visible area
+         loadMapFeatures: function loadMapFeatures(projection) {
+           loadTiles$2('points', mapFeatureTileUrl, 14, projection);
+         },
+         // Return a promise that resolves when the image viewer (Mapillary JS) library has finished loading
+         ensureViewerLoaded: function ensureViewerLoaded(context) {
+           if (_loadViewerPromise$2) return _loadViewerPromise$2; // add mly-wrapper
 
-           function hashchange() {
+           var wrap = context.container().select('.photoviewer').selectAll('.mly-wrapper').data([0]);
+           wrap.enter().append('div').attr('id', 'ideditor-mly').attr('class', 'photo-wrapper mly-wrapper').classed('hide', true);
+           var that = this;
+           _loadViewerPromise$2 = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
+             var loadedCount = 0;
 
-               // ignore spurious hashchange events
-               if (window.location.hash === _cachedHash) return;
+             function loaded() {
+               loadedCount += 1; // wait until both files are loaded
 
-               _cachedHash = window.location.hash;
+               if (loadedCount === 2) resolve();
+             }
 
-               var q = utilStringQs(_cachedHash);
-               var mapArgs = (q.map || '').split('/').map(Number);
+             var head = select('head'); // load mapillary-viewercss
 
-               if (mapArgs.length < 3 || mapArgs.some(isNaN)) {
-                   // replace bogus hash
-                   updateHashIfNeeded();
+             head.selectAll('#ideditor-mapillary-viewercss').data([0]).enter().append('link').attr('id', 'ideditor-mapillary-viewercss').attr('rel', 'stylesheet').attr('crossorigin', 'anonymous').attr('href', context.asset(viewercss)).on('load.serviceMapillary', loaded).on('error.serviceMapillary', function () {
+               reject();
+             }); // load mapillary-viewerjs
 
-               } else {
-                   // don't update if the new hash already reflects the state of iD
-                   if (_cachedHash === computedHash()) return;
+             head.selectAll('#ideditor-mapillary-viewerjs').data([0]).enter().append('script').attr('id', 'ideditor-mapillary-viewerjs').attr('crossorigin', 'anonymous').attr('src', context.asset(viewerjs)).on('load.serviceMapillary', loaded).on('error.serviceMapillary', function () {
+               reject();
+             });
+           })["catch"](function () {
+             _loadViewerPromise$2 = null;
+           }).then(function () {
+             that.initViewer(context);
+           });
+           return _loadViewerPromise$2;
+         },
+         // Load traffic sign image sprites
+         loadSignResources: function loadSignResources(context) {
+           context.ui().svgDefs.addSprites(['mapillary-sprite'], false
+           /* don't override colors */
+           );
+           return this;
+         },
+         // Load map (point) feature image sprites
+         loadObjectResources: function loadObjectResources(context) {
+           context.ui().svgDefs.addSprites(['mapillary-object-sprite'], false
+           /* don't override colors */
+           );
+           return this;
+         },
+         // Remove previous detections in image viewer
+         resetTags: function resetTags() {
+           if (_mlyViewer && !_mlyFallback) {
+             _mlyViewer.getComponent('tag').removeAll();
+           }
+         },
+         // Show map feature detections in image viewer
+         showFeatureDetections: function showFeatureDetections(value) {
+           _mlyShowFeatureDetections = value;
 
-                   var mode = context.mode();
+           if (!_mlyShowFeatureDetections && !_mlyShowSignDetections) {
+             this.resetTags();
+           }
+         },
+         // Show traffic sign detections in image viewer
+         showSignDetections: function showSignDetections(value) {
+           _mlyShowSignDetections = value;
 
-                   context.map().centerZoom([mapArgs[2], Math.min(_latitudeLimit, Math.max(-_latitudeLimit, mapArgs[1]))], mapArgs[0]);
+           if (!_mlyShowFeatureDetections && !_mlyShowSignDetections) {
+             this.resetTags();
+           }
+         },
+         // Apply filter to image viewer
+         filterViewer: function filterViewer(context) {
+           var showsPano = context.photos().showsPanoramic();
+           var showsFlat = context.photos().showsFlat();
+           var fromDate = context.photos().fromDate();
+           var toDate = context.photos().toDate();
+           var filter = ['all'];
+           if (!showsPano) filter.push(['!=', 'cameraType', 'spherical']);
+           if (!showsFlat && showsPano) filter.push(['==', 'pano', true]);
 
-                   if (q.id) {
-                       var ids = q.id.split(',').filter(function(id) {
-                           return context.hasEntity(id);
-                       });
-                       var skip = mode && mode.id === 'select' && utilArrayIdentical(mode.selectedIDs(), ids);
-                       if (ids.length && !skip) {
-                           context.enter(modeSelect(context, ids));
-                           return;
-                       }
-                   }
+           if (fromDate) {
+             filter.push(['>=', 'capturedAt', new Date(fromDate).getTime()]);
+           }
 
-                   var center = context.map().center();
-                   var dist = geoSphericalDistance(center, [mapArgs[2], mapArgs[1]]);
-                   var maxdist = 500;
+           if (toDate) {
+             filter.push(['>=', 'capturedAt', new Date(toDate).getTime()]);
+           }
 
-                   // Don't allow the hash location to change too much while drawing
-                   // This can happen if the user accidently hit the back button.  #3996
-                   if (mode && mode.id.match(/^draw/) !== null && dist > maxdist) {
-                       context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
-                       return;
-                   }
-               }
+           if (_mlyViewer) {
+             _mlyViewer.setFilter(filter);
            }
 
-           function behavior() {
-               context.map()
-                   .on('move.behaviorHash', _throttledUpdate);
+           _mlyViewerFilter = filter;
+           return filter;
+         },
+         // Make the image viewer visible
+         showViewer: function showViewer(context) {
+           var wrap = context.container().select('.photoviewer').classed('hide', false);
+           var isHidden = wrap.selectAll('.photo-wrapper.mly-wrapper.hide').size();
 
-               context.history()
-                   .on('change.behaviorHash', _throttledUpdateTitle);
+           if (isHidden && _mlyViewer) {
+             wrap.selectAll('.photo-wrapper:not(.mly-wrapper)').classed('hide', true);
+             wrap.selectAll('.photo-wrapper.mly-wrapper').classed('hide', false);
 
-               context
-                   .on('enter.behaviorHash', _throttledUpdate);
+             _mlyViewer.resize();
+           }
 
-               select(window)
-                   .on('hashchange.behaviorHash', hashchange);
+           return this;
+         },
+         // Hide the image viewer and resets map markers
+         hideViewer: function hideViewer(context) {
+           _mlyActiveImage = null;
 
-               if (window.location.hash) {
-                   var q = utilStringQs(window.location.hash);
+           if (!_mlyFallback && _mlyViewer) {
+             _mlyViewer.getComponent('sequence').stop();
+           }
 
-                   if (q.id) {
-                       //if (!context.history().hasRestorableChanges()) {
-                           // targeting specific features: download, select, and zoom to them
-                           context.zoomToEntity(q.id.split(',')[0], !q.map);
-                       //}
-                   }
+           var viewer = context.container().select('.photoviewer');
+           if (!viewer.empty()) viewer.datum(null);
+           viewer.classed('hide', true).selectAll('.photo-wrapper').classed('hide', true);
+           this.updateUrlImage(null);
+           dispatch$4.call('imageChanged');
+           dispatch$4.call('loadedMapFeatures');
+           dispatch$4.call('loadedSigns');
+           return this.setStyles(context, null);
+         },
+         // Update the URL with current image id
+         updateUrlImage: function updateUrlImage(imageId) {
+           if (!window.mocha) {
+             var hash = utilStringQs(window.location.hash);
 
-                   if (q.walkthrough === 'true') {
-                       behavior.startWalkthrough = true;
-                   }
+             if (imageId) {
+               hash.photo = 'mapillary/' + imageId;
+             } else {
+               delete hash.photo;
+             }
 
-                   if (q.map) {
-                       behavior.hadHash = true;
-                   }
+             window.location.replace('#' + utilQsString(hash, true));
+           }
+         },
+         // Highlight the detection in the viewer that is related to the clicked map feature
+         highlightDetection: function highlightDetection(detection) {
+           if (detection) {
+             _mlyHighlightedDetection = detection.id;
+           }
 
-                   hashchange();
+           return this;
+         },
+         // Initialize image viewer (Mapillar JS)
+         initViewer: function initViewer(context) {
+           var that = this;
+           if (!window.mapillary) return;
+           var opts = {
+             accessToken: accessToken,
+             component: {
+               cover: false,
+               keyboard: false,
+               tag: true
+             },
+             container: 'ideditor-mly'
+           }; // Disable components requiring WebGL support
+
+           if (!mapillary.isSupported() && mapillary.isFallbackSupported()) {
+             _mlyFallback = true;
+             opts.component = {
+               cover: false,
+               direction: false,
+               imagePlane: false,
+               keyboard: false,
+               mouse: false,
+               sequence: false,
+               tag: false,
+               image: true,
+               // fallback
+               navigation: true // fallback
 
-                   updateTitle(false);
-               }
+             };
            }
 
-           behavior.off = function() {
-               _throttledUpdate.cancel();
-               _throttledUpdateTitle.cancel();
+           _mlyViewer = new mapillary.Viewer(opts);
 
-               context.map()
-                   .on('move.behaviorHash', null);
+           _mlyViewer.on('image', imageChanged);
 
-               context
-                   .on('enter.behaviorHash', null);
+           _mlyViewer.on('bearing', bearingChanged);
 
-               select(window)
-                   .on('hashchange.behaviorHash', null);
+           if (_mlyViewerFilter) {
+             _mlyViewer.setFilter(_mlyViewerFilter);
+           } // Register viewer resize handler
 
-               window.location.hash = '';
-           };
 
-           return behavior;
-       }
+           context.ui().photoviewer.on('resize.mapillary', function () {
+             if (_mlyViewer) _mlyViewer.resize();
+           }); // imageChanged: called after the viewer has changed images and is ready.
 
-       /*
-           iD.coreDifference represents the difference between two graphs.
-           It knows how to calculate the set of entities that were
-           created, modified, or deleted, and also contains the logic
-           for recursively extending a difference to the complete set
-           of entities that will require a redraw, taking into account
-           child and parent relationships.
-        */
-       function coreDifference(base, head) {
-           var _changes = {};
-           var _didChange = {};  // 'addition', 'deletion', 'geometry', 'properties'
-           var _diff = {};
+           function imageChanged(node) {
+             that.resetTags();
+             var image = node.image;
+             that.setActiveImage(image);
+             that.setStyles(context, null);
+             var loc = [image.originalLngLat.lng, image.originalLngLat.lat];
+             context.map().centerEase(loc);
+             that.updateUrlImage(image.id);
 
-           function checkEntityID(id) {
-               var h = head.entities[id];
-               var b = base.entities[id];
+             if (_mlyShowFeatureDetections || _mlyShowSignDetections) {
+               that.updateDetections(image.id, "".concat(apiUrl, "/").concat(image.id, "/detections?access_token=").concat(accessToken, "&fields=id,image,geometry,value"));
+             }
 
-               if (h === b) return;
-               if (_changes[id]) return;
+             dispatch$4.call('imageChanged');
+           } // bearingChanged: called when the bearing changes in the image viewer.
 
-               if (!h && b) {
-                   _changes[id] = { base: b, head: h };
-                   _didChange.deletion = true;
-                   return;
-               }
-               if (h && !b) {
-                   _changes[id] = { base: b, head: h };
-                   _didChange.addition = true;
-                   return;
-               }
 
-               if (h && b) {
-                   if (h.members && b.members && !fastDeepEqual(h.members, b.members)) {
-                       _changes[id] = { base: b, head: h };
-                       _didChange.geometry = true;
-                       _didChange.properties = true;
-                       return;
-                   }
-                   if (h.loc && b.loc && !geoVecEqual(h.loc, b.loc)) {
-                       _changes[id] = { base: b, head: h };
-                       _didChange.geometry = true;
-                   }
-                   if (h.nodes && b.nodes && !fastDeepEqual(h.nodes, b.nodes)) {
-                       _changes[id] = { base: b, head: h };
-                       _didChange.geometry = true;
-                   }
-                   if (h.tags && b.tags && !fastDeepEqual(h.tags, b.tags)) {
-                       _changes[id] = { base: b, head: h };
-                       _didChange.properties = true;
-                   }
-               }
+           function bearingChanged(e) {
+             dispatch$4.call('bearingChanged', undefined, e);
+           }
+         },
+         // Move to an image
+         selectImage: function selectImage(context, imageId) {
+           if (_mlyViewer && imageId) {
+             _mlyViewer.moveTo(imageId)["catch"](function (e) {
+               console.error('mly3', e); // eslint-disable-line no-console
+             });
            }
 
-           function load() {
-               // HOT CODE: there can be many thousands of downloaded entities, so looping
-               // through them all can become a performance bottleneck. Optimize by
-               // resolving duplicates and using a basic `for` loop
-               var ids = utilArrayUniq(Object.keys(head.entities).concat(Object.keys(base.entities)));
-               for (var i = 0; i < ids.length; i++) {
-                   checkEntityID(ids[i]);
-               }
+           return this;
+         },
+         // Return the currently displayed image
+         getActiveImage: function getActiveImage() {
+           return _mlyActiveImage;
+         },
+         // Return a list of detection objects for the given id
+         getDetections: function getDetections(id) {
+           return loadData("".concat(apiUrl, "/").concat(id, "/detections?access_token=").concat(accessToken, "&fields=id,value,image"));
+         },
+         // Set the currently visible image
+         setActiveImage: function setActiveImage(image) {
+           if (image) {
+             _mlyActiveImage = {
+               ca: image.originalCompassAngle,
+               id: image.id,
+               loc: [image.originalLngLat.lng, image.originalLngLat.lat],
+               is_pano: image.cameraType === 'spherical',
+               sequence_id: image.sequenceId
+             };
+           } else {
+             _mlyActiveImage = null;
            }
-           load();
-
+         },
+         // Update the currently highlighted sequence and selected bubble.
+         setStyles: function setStyles(context, hovered) {
+           var hoveredImageId = hovered && hovered.id;
+           var hoveredSequenceId = hovered && hovered.sequence_id;
+           var selectedSequenceId = _mlyActiveImage && _mlyActiveImage.sequence_id;
+           context.container().selectAll('.layer-mapillary .viewfield-group').classed('highlighted', function (d) {
+             return d.sequence_id === selectedSequenceId || d.id === hoveredImageId;
+           }).classed('hovered', function (d) {
+             return d.id === hoveredImageId;
+           });
+           context.container().selectAll('.layer-mapillary .sequence').classed('highlighted', function (d) {
+             return d.properties.id === hoveredSequenceId;
+           }).classed('currentView', function (d) {
+             return d.properties.id === selectedSequenceId;
+           });
+           return this;
+         },
+         // Get detections for the current image and shows them in the image viewer
+         updateDetections: function updateDetections(imageId, url) {
+           if (!_mlyViewer || _mlyFallback) return;
+           if (!imageId) return;
+           var cache = _mlyCache.image_detections;
+
+           if (cache.forImageId[imageId]) {
+             showDetections(_mlyCache.image_detections.forImageId[imageId]);
+           } else {
+             loadData(url).then(function (detections) {
+               detections.forEach(function (detection) {
+                 if (!cache.forImageId[imageId]) {
+                   cache.forImageId[imageId] = [];
+                 }
 
-           _diff.length = function length() {
-               return Object.keys(_changes).length;
-           };
+                 cache.forImageId[imageId].push({
+                   geometry: detection.geometry,
+                   id: detection.id,
+                   image_id: imageId,
+                   value: detection.value
+                 });
+               });
+               showDetections(_mlyCache.image_detections.forImageId[imageId] || []);
+             });
+           } // Create a tag for each detection and shows it in the image viewer
 
 
-           _diff.changes = function changes() {
-               return _changes;
-           };
+           function showDetections(detections) {
+             var tagComponent = _mlyViewer.getComponent('tag');
 
-           _diff.didChange = _didChange;
+             detections.forEach(function (data) {
+               var tag = makeTag(data);
 
+               if (tag) {
+                 tagComponent.add([tag]);
+               }
+             });
+           } // Create a Mapillary JS tag object
 
-           // pass true to include affected relation members
-           _diff.extantIDs = function extantIDs(includeRelMembers) {
-               var result = new Set();
-               Object.keys(_changes).forEach(function(id) {
-                   if (_changes[id].head) {
-                       result.add(id);
-                   }
 
-                   var h = _changes[id].head;
-                   var b = _changes[id].base;
-                   var entity = h || b;
+           function makeTag(data) {
+             var valueParts = data.value.split('--');
+             if (!valueParts.length) return;
+             var tag;
+             var text;
+             var color = 0xffffff;
 
-                   if (includeRelMembers && entity.type === 'relation') {
-                       var mh = h ? h.members.map(function(m) { return m.id; }) : [];
-                       var mb = b ? b.members.map(function(m) { return m.id; }) : [];
-                       utilArrayUnion(mh, mb).forEach(function(memberID) {
-                           if (head.hasEntity(memberID)) {
-                               result.add(memberID);
-                           }
-                       });
-                   }
-               });
+             if (_mlyHighlightedDetection === data.id) {
+               color = 0xffff00;
+               text = valueParts[1];
 
-               return Array.from(result);
-           };
+               if (text === 'flat' || text === 'discrete' || text === 'sign') {
+                 text = valueParts[2];
+               }
 
+               text = text.replace(/-/g, ' ');
+               text = text.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + text.slice(1);
+               _mlyHighlightedDetection = null;
+             }
 
-           _diff.modified = function modified() {
-               var result = [];
-               Object.values(_changes).forEach(function(change) {
-                   if (change.base && change.head) {
-                       result.push(change.head);
-                   }
-               });
-               return result;
-           };
+             var decodedGeometry = window.atob(data.geometry);
+             var uintArray = new Uint8Array(decodedGeometry.length);
 
+             for (var i = 0; i < decodedGeometry.length; i++) {
+               uintArray[i] = decodedGeometry.charCodeAt(i);
+             }
 
-           _diff.created = function created() {
-               var result = [];
-               Object.values(_changes).forEach(function(change) {
-                   if (!change.base && change.head) {
-                       result.push(change.head);
-                   }
+             var tile = new VectorTile(new pbf(uintArray.buffer));
+             var layer = tile.layers['mpy-or'];
+             var geometries = layer.feature(0).loadGeometry();
+             var polygon = geometries.map(function (ring) {
+               return ring.map(function (point) {
+                 return [point.x / layer.extent, point.y / layer.extent];
                });
-               return result;
-           };
-
+             });
+             tag = new mapillary.OutlineTag(data.id, new mapillary.PolygonGeometry(polygon[0]), {
+               text: text,
+               textColor: color,
+               lineColor: color,
+               lineWidth: 2,
+               fillColor: color,
+               fillOpacity: 0.3
+             });
+             return tag;
+           }
+         },
+         // Return the current cache
+         cache: function cache() {
+           return _mlyCache;
+         }
+       };
 
-           _diff.deleted = function deleted() {
-               var result = [];
-               Object.values(_changes).forEach(function(change) {
-                   if (change.base && !change.head) {
-                       result.push(change.base);
-                   }
-               });
-               return result;
-           };
+       function validationIssue(attrs) {
+         this.type = attrs.type; // required - name of rule that created the issue (e.g. 'missing_tag')
 
+         this.subtype = attrs.subtype; // optional - category of the issue within the type (e.g. 'relation_type' under 'missing_tag')
 
-           _diff.summary = function summary() {
-               var relevant = {};
+         this.severity = attrs.severity; // required - 'warning' or 'error'
 
-               var keys = Object.keys(_changes);
-               for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
-                   var change = _changes[keys[i]];
+         this.message = attrs.message; // required - function returning localized string
 
-                   if (change.head && change.head.geometry(head) !== 'vertex') {
-                       addEntity(change.head, head, change.base ? 'modified' : 'created');
+         this.reference = attrs.reference; // optional - function(selection) to render reference information
 
-                   } else if (change.base && change.base.geometry(base) !== 'vertex') {
-                       addEntity(change.base, base, 'deleted');
+         this.entityIds = attrs.entityIds; // optional - array of IDs of entities involved in the issue
 
-                   } else if (change.base && change.head) { // modified vertex
-                       var moved    = !fastDeepEqual(change.base.loc,  change.head.loc);
-                       var retagged = !fastDeepEqual(change.base.tags, change.head.tags);
+         this.loc = attrs.loc; // optional - [lon, lat] to zoom in on to see the issue
 
-                       if (moved) {
-                           addParents(change.head);
-                       }
+         this.data = attrs.data; // optional - object containing extra data for the fixes
 
-                       if (retagged || (moved && change.head.hasInterestingTags())) {
-                           addEntity(change.head, head, 'modified');
-                       }
+         this.dynamicFixes = attrs.dynamicFixes; // optional - function(context) returning fixes
 
-                   } else if (change.head && change.head.hasInterestingTags()) { // created vertex
-                       addEntity(change.head, head, 'created');
+         this.hash = attrs.hash; // optional - string to further differentiate the issue
 
-                   } else if (change.base && change.base.hasInterestingTags()) { // deleted vertex
-                       addEntity(change.base, base, 'deleted');
-                   }
-               }
+         this.id = generateID.apply(this); // generated - see below
 
-               return Object.values(relevant);
+         this.autoFix = null; // generated - if autofix exists, will be set below
+         // A unique, deterministic string hash.
+         // Issues with identical id values are considered identical.
 
+         function generateID() {
+           var parts = [this.type];
 
-               function addEntity(entity, graph, changeType) {
-                   relevant[entity.id] = {
-                       entity: entity,
-                       graph: graph,
-                       changeType: changeType
-                   };
-               }
+           if (this.hash) {
+             // subclasses can pass in their own differentiator
+             parts.push(this.hash);
+           }
 
-               function addParents(entity) {
-                   var parents = head.parentWays(entity);
-                   for (var j = parents.length - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
-                       var parent = parents[j];
-                       if (!(parent.id in relevant)) {
-                           addEntity(parent, head, 'modified');
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
-           };
+           if (this.subtype) {
+             parts.push(this.subtype);
+           } // include the entities this issue is for
+           // (sort them so the id is deterministic)
 
 
-           // returns complete set of entities that require a redraw
-           //  (optionally within given `extent`)
-           _diff.complete = function complete(extent) {
-               var result = {};
-               var id, change;
+           if (this.entityIds) {
+             var entityKeys = this.entityIds.slice().sort();
+             parts.push.apply(parts, entityKeys);
+           }
 
-               for (id in _changes) {
-                   change = _changes[id];
+           return parts.join(':');
+         }
 
-                   var h = change.head;
-                   var b = change.base;
-                   var entity = h || b;
-                   var i;
+         this.extent = function (resolver) {
+           if (this.loc) {
+             return geoExtent(this.loc);
+           }
 
-                   if (extent &&
-                       (!h || !h.intersects(extent, head)) &&
-                       (!b || !b.intersects(extent, base)))
-                       continue;
+           if (this.entityIds && this.entityIds.length) {
+             return this.entityIds.reduce(function (extent, entityId) {
+               return extent.extend(resolver.entity(entityId).extent(resolver));
+             }, geoExtent());
+           }
 
-                   result[id] = h;
+           return null;
+         };
 
-                   if (entity.type === 'way') {
-                       var nh = h ? h.nodes : [];
-                       var nb = b ? b.nodes : [];
-                       var diff;
+         this.fixes = function (context) {
+           var fixes = this.dynamicFixes ? this.dynamicFixes(context) : [];
+           var issue = this;
 
-                       diff = utilArrayDifference(nh, nb);
-                       for (i = 0; i < diff.length; i++) {
-                           result[diff[i]] = head.hasEntity(diff[i]);
-                       }
+           if (issue.severity === 'warning') {
+             // allow ignoring any issue that's not an error
+             fixes.push(new validationIssueFix({
+               title: _t.html('issues.fix.ignore_issue.title'),
+               icon: 'iD-icon-close',
+               onClick: function onClick() {
+                 context.validator().ignoreIssue(this.issue.id);
+               }
+             }));
+           }
 
-                       diff = utilArrayDifference(nb, nh);
-                       for (i = 0; i < diff.length; i++) {
-                           result[diff[i]] = head.hasEntity(diff[i]);
-                       }
-                   }
+           fixes.forEach(function (fix) {
+             // the id doesn't matter as long as it's unique to this issue/fix
+             fix.id = fix.title; // add a reference to the issue for use in actions
 
-                   if (entity.type === 'relation' && entity.isMultipolygon()) {
-                       var mh = h ? h.members.map(function(m) { return m.id; }) : [];
-                       var mb = b ? b.members.map(function(m) { return m.id; }) : [];
-                       var ids = utilArrayUnion(mh, mb);
-                       for (i = 0; i < ids.length; i++) {
-                           var member = head.hasEntity(ids[i]);
-                           if (!member) continue;   // not downloaded
-                           if (extent && !member.intersects(extent, head)) continue;   // not visible
-                           result[ids[i]] = member;
-                       }
-                   }
+             fix.issue = issue;
 
-                   addParents(head.parentWays(entity), result);
-                   addParents(head.parentRelations(entity), result);
-               }
+             if (fix.autoArgs) {
+               issue.autoFix = fix;
+             }
+           });
+           return fixes;
+         };
+       }
+       function validationIssueFix(attrs) {
+         this.title = attrs.title; // Required
 
-               return result;
+         this.onClick = attrs.onClick; // Optional - the function to run to apply the fix
 
+         this.disabledReason = attrs.disabledReason; // Optional - a string explaining why the fix is unavailable, if any
 
-               function addParents(parents, result) {
-                   for (var i = 0; i < parents.length; i++) {
-                       var parent = parents[i];
-                       if (parent.id in result) continue;
+         this.icon = attrs.icon; // Optional - shows 'iD-icon-wrench' if not set
 
-                       result[parent.id] = parent;
-                       addParents(head.parentRelations(parent), result);
-                   }
-               }
-           };
+         this.entityIds = attrs.entityIds || []; // Optional - used for hover-higlighting.
 
+         this.autoArgs = attrs.autoArgs; // Optional - pass [actions, annotation] arglist if this fix can automatically run
 
-           return _diff;
+         this.issue = null; // Generated link - added by validationIssue
        }
 
-       function coreTree(head) {
-           // tree for entities
-           var _rtree = new RBush();
-           var _bboxes = {};
+       var buildRuleChecks = function buildRuleChecks() {
+         return {
+           equals: function equals(_equals) {
+             return function (tags) {
+               return Object.keys(_equals).every(function (k) {
+                 return _equals[k] === tags[k];
+               });
+             };
+           },
+           notEquals: function notEquals(_notEquals) {
+             return function (tags) {
+               return Object.keys(_notEquals).some(function (k) {
+                 return _notEquals[k] !== tags[k];
+               });
+             };
+           },
+           absence: function absence(_absence) {
+             return function (tags) {
+               return Object.keys(tags).indexOf(_absence) === -1;
+             };
+           },
+           presence: function presence(_presence) {
+             return function (tags) {
+               return Object.keys(tags).indexOf(_presence) > -1;
+             };
+           },
+           greaterThan: function greaterThan(_greaterThan) {
+             var key = Object.keys(_greaterThan)[0];
+             var value = _greaterThan[key];
+             return function (tags) {
+               return tags[key] > value;
+             };
+           },
+           greaterThanEqual: function greaterThanEqual(_greaterThanEqual) {
+             var key = Object.keys(_greaterThanEqual)[0];
+             var value = _greaterThanEqual[key];
+             return function (tags) {
+               return tags[key] >= value;
+             };
+           },
+           lessThan: function lessThan(_lessThan) {
+             var key = Object.keys(_lessThan)[0];
+             var value = _lessThan[key];
+             return function (tags) {
+               return tags[key] < value;
+             };
+           },
+           lessThanEqual: function lessThanEqual(_lessThanEqual) {
+             var key = Object.keys(_lessThanEqual)[0];
+             var value = _lessThanEqual[key];
+             return function (tags) {
+               return tags[key] <= value;
+             };
+           },
+           positiveRegex: function positiveRegex(_positiveRegex) {
+             var tagKey = Object.keys(_positiveRegex)[0];
 
-           // maintain a separate tree for granular way segments
-           var _segmentsRTree = new RBush();
-           var _segmentsBBoxes = {};
-           var _segmentsByWayId = {};
+             var expression = _positiveRegex[tagKey].join('|');
 
-           var tree = {};
+             var regex = new RegExp(expression);
+             return function (tags) {
+               return regex.test(tags[tagKey]);
+             };
+           },
+           negativeRegex: function negativeRegex(_negativeRegex) {
+             var tagKey = Object.keys(_negativeRegex)[0];
 
+             var expression = _negativeRegex[tagKey].join('|');
 
-           function entityBBox(entity) {
-               var bbox = entity.extent(head).bbox();
-               bbox.id = entity.id;
-               _bboxes[entity.id] = bbox;
-               return bbox;
+             var regex = new RegExp(expression);
+             return function (tags) {
+               return !regex.test(tags[tagKey]);
+             };
            }
+         };
+       };
 
-
-           function segmentBBox(segment) {
-               var extent = segment.extent(head);
-               // extent can be null if the node entites aren't in the graph for some reason
-               if (!extent) return null;
-
-               var bbox = extent.bbox();
-               bbox.segment = segment;
-               _segmentsBBoxes[segment.id] = bbox;
-               return bbox;
+       var buildLineKeys = function buildLineKeys() {
+         return {
+           highway: {
+             rest_area: true,
+             services: true
+           },
+           railway: {
+             roundhouse: true,
+             station: true,
+             traverser: true,
+             turntable: true,
+             wash: true
            }
+         };
+       };
 
+       var serviceMapRules = {
+         init: function init() {
+           this._ruleChecks = buildRuleChecks();
+           this._validationRules = [];
+           this._areaKeys = osmAreaKeys;
+           this._lineKeys = buildLineKeys();
+         },
+         // list of rules only relevant to tag checks...
+         filterRuleChecks: function filterRuleChecks(selector) {
+           var _ruleChecks = this._ruleChecks;
+           return Object.keys(selector).reduce(function (rules, key) {
+             if (['geometry', 'error', 'warning'].indexOf(key) === -1) {
+               rules.push(_ruleChecks[key](selector[key]));
+             }
 
-           function removeEntity(entity) {
-               _rtree.remove(_bboxes[entity.id]);
-               delete _bboxes[entity.id];
+             return rules;
+           }, []);
+         },
+         // builds tagMap from mapcss-parse selector object...
+         buildTagMap: function buildTagMap(selector) {
+           var getRegexValues = function getRegexValues(regexes) {
+             return regexes.map(function (regex) {
+               return regex.replace(/\$|\^/g, '');
+             });
+           };
 
-               if (_segmentsByWayId[entity.id]) {
-                   _segmentsByWayId[entity.id].forEach(function(segment) {
-                       _segmentsRTree.remove(_segmentsBBoxes[segment.id]);
-                       delete _segmentsBBoxes[segment.id];
-                   });
-                   delete _segmentsByWayId[entity.id];
-               }
-           }
+           var tagMap = Object.keys(selector).reduce(function (expectedTags, key) {
+             var values;
+             var isRegex = /regex/gi.test(key);
+             var isEqual = /equals/gi.test(key);
 
+             if (isRegex || isEqual) {
+               Object.keys(selector[key]).forEach(function (selectorKey) {
+                 values = isEqual ? [selector[key][selectorKey]] : getRegexValues(selector[key][selectorKey]);
 
-           function loadEntities(entities) {
-               _rtree.load(entities.map(entityBBox));
+                 if (expectedTags.hasOwnProperty(selectorKey)) {
+                   values = values.concat(expectedTags[selectorKey]);
+                 }
 
-               var segments = [];
-               entities.forEach(function(entity) {
-                   if (entity.segments) {
-                       var entitySegments = entity.segments(head);
-                       // cache these to make them easy to remove later
-                       _segmentsByWayId[entity.id] = entitySegments;
-                       segments = segments.concat(entitySegments);
-                   }
+                 expectedTags[selectorKey] = values;
                });
-               if (segments.length) _segmentsRTree.load(segments.map(segmentBBox).filter(Boolean));
-           }
+             } else if (/(greater|less)Than(Equal)?|presence/g.test(key)) {
+               var tagKey = /presence/.test(key) ? selector[key] : Object.keys(selector[key])[0];
+               values = [selector[key][tagKey]];
 
+               if (expectedTags.hasOwnProperty(tagKey)) {
+                 values = values.concat(expectedTags[tagKey]);
+               }
 
-           function updateParents(entity, insertions, memo) {
-               head.parentWays(entity).forEach(function(way) {
-                   if (_bboxes[way.id]) {
-                       removeEntity(way);
-                       insertions[way.id] = way;
-                   }
-                   updateParents(way, insertions, memo);
-               });
+               expectedTags[tagKey] = values;
+             }
 
-               head.parentRelations(entity).forEach(function(relation) {
-                   if (memo[entity.id]) return;
-                   memo[entity.id] = true;
-                   if (_bboxes[relation.id]) {
-                       removeEntity(relation);
-                       insertions[relation.id] = relation;
-                   }
-                   updateParents(relation, insertions, memo);
-               });
-           }
+             return expectedTags;
+           }, {});
+           return tagMap;
+         },
+         // inspired by osmWay#isArea()
+         inferGeometry: function inferGeometry(tagMap) {
+           var _lineKeys = this._lineKeys;
+           var _areaKeys = this._areaKeys;
 
+           var keyValueDoesNotImplyArea = function keyValueDoesNotImplyArea(key) {
+             return utilArrayIntersection(tagMap[key], Object.keys(_areaKeys[key])).length > 0;
+           };
 
-           tree.rebase = function(entities, force) {
-               var insertions = {};
+           var keyValueImpliesLine = function keyValueImpliesLine(key) {
+             return utilArrayIntersection(tagMap[key], Object.keys(_lineKeys[key])).length > 0;
+           };
 
-               for (var i = 0; i < entities.length; i++) {
-                   var entity = entities[i];
-                   if (!entity.visible) continue;
+           if (tagMap.hasOwnProperty('area')) {
+             if (tagMap.area.indexOf('yes') > -1) {
+               return 'area';
+             }
 
-                   if (head.entities.hasOwnProperty(entity.id) || _bboxes[entity.id]) {
-                       if (!force) {
-                           continue;
-                       } else if (_bboxes[entity.id]) {
-                           removeEntity(entity);
-                       }
-                   }
+             if (tagMap.area.indexOf('no') > -1) {
+               return 'line';
+             }
+           }
 
-                   insertions[entity.id] = entity;
-                   updateParents(entity, insertions, {});
-               }
+           for (var key in tagMap) {
+             if (key in _areaKeys && !keyValueDoesNotImplyArea(key)) {
+               return 'area';
+             }
 
-               loadEntities(Object.values(insertions));
+             if (key in _lineKeys && keyValueImpliesLine(key)) {
+               return 'area';
+             }
+           }
 
-               return tree;
+           return 'line';
+         },
+         // adds from mapcss-parse selector check...
+         addRule: function addRule(selector) {
+           var rule = {
+             // checks relevant to mapcss-selector
+             checks: this.filterRuleChecks(selector),
+             // true if all conditions for a tag error are true..
+             matches: function matches(entity) {
+               return this.checks.every(function (check) {
+                 return check(entity.tags);
+               });
+             },
+             // borrowed from Way#isArea()
+             inferredGeometry: this.inferGeometry(this.buildTagMap(selector), this._areaKeys),
+             geometryMatches: function geometryMatches(entity, graph) {
+               if (entity.type === 'node' || entity.type === 'relation') {
+                 return selector.geometry === entity.type;
+               } else if (entity.type === 'way') {
+                 return this.inferredGeometry === entity.geometry(graph);
+               }
+             },
+             // when geometries match and tag matches are present, return a warning...
+             findIssues: function findIssues(entity, graph, issues) {
+               if (this.geometryMatches(entity, graph) && this.matches(entity)) {
+                 var severity = Object.keys(selector).indexOf('error') > -1 ? 'error' : 'warning';
+                 var _message = selector[severity];
+                 issues.push(new validationIssue({
+                   type: 'maprules',
+                   severity: severity,
+                   message: function message() {
+                     return _message;
+                   },
+                   entityIds: [entity.id]
+                 }));
+               }
+             }
            };
 
+           this._validationRules.push(rule);
+         },
+         clearRules: function clearRules() {
+           this._validationRules = [];
+         },
+         // returns validationRules...
+         validationRules: function validationRules() {
+           return this._validationRules;
+         },
+         // returns ruleChecks
+         ruleChecks: function ruleChecks() {
+           return this._ruleChecks;
+         }
+       };
 
-           function updateToGraph(graph) {
-               if (graph === head) return;
+       var apibase$2 = 'https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/';
+       var _inflight$2 = {};
 
-               var diff = coreDifference(head, graph);
+       var _nominatimCache;
 
-               head = graph;
+       var serviceNominatim = {
+         init: function init() {
+           _inflight$2 = {};
+           _nominatimCache = new RBush();
+         },
+         reset: function reset() {
+           Object.values(_inflight$2).forEach(function (controller) {
+             controller.abort();
+           });
+           _inflight$2 = {};
+           _nominatimCache = new RBush();
+         },
+         countryCode: function countryCode(location, callback) {
+           this.reverse(location, function (err, result) {
+             if (err) {
+               return callback(err);
+             } else if (result.address) {
+               return callback(null, result.address.country_code);
+             } else {
+               return callback('Unable to geocode', null);
+             }
+           });
+         },
+         reverse: function reverse(loc, callback) {
+           var cached = _nominatimCache.search({
+             minX: loc[0],
+             minY: loc[1],
+             maxX: loc[0],
+             maxY: loc[1]
+           });
 
-               var changed = diff.didChange;
-               if (!changed.addition && !changed.deletion && !changed.geometry) return;
+           if (cached.length > 0) {
+             if (callback) callback(null, cached[0].data);
+             return;
+           }
 
-               var insertions = {};
+           var params = {
+             zoom: 13,
+             format: 'json',
+             addressdetails: 1,
+             lat: loc[1],
+             lon: loc[0]
+           };
+           var url = apibase$2 + 'reverse?' + utilQsString(params);
+           if (_inflight$2[url]) return;
+           var controller = new AbortController();
+           _inflight$2[url] = controller;
+           d3_json(url, {
+             signal: controller.signal
+           }).then(function (result) {
+             delete _inflight$2[url];
 
-               if (changed.deletion) {
-                   diff.deleted().forEach(function(entity) {
-                       removeEntity(entity);
-                   });
-               }
+             if (result && result.error) {
+               throw new Error(result.error);
+             }
 
-               if (changed.geometry) {
-                   diff.modified().forEach(function(entity) {
-                       removeEntity(entity);
-                       insertions[entity.id] = entity;
-                       updateParents(entity, insertions, {});
-                   });
-               }
+             var extent = geoExtent(loc).padByMeters(200);
 
-               if (changed.addition) {
-                   diff.created().forEach(function(entity) {
-                       insertions[entity.id] = entity;
-                   });
-               }
+             _nominatimCache.insert(Object.assign(extent.bbox(), {
+               data: result
+             }));
 
-               loadEntities(Object.values(insertions));
-           }
+             if (callback) callback(null, result);
+           })["catch"](function (err) {
+             delete _inflight$2[url];
+             if (err.name === 'AbortError') return;
+             if (callback) callback(err.message);
+           });
+         },
+         search: function search(val, callback) {
+           var searchVal = encodeURIComponent(val);
+           var url = apibase$2 + 'search/' + searchVal + '?limit=10&format=json';
+           if (_inflight$2[url]) return;
+           var controller = new AbortController();
+           _inflight$2[url] = controller;
+           d3_json(url, {
+             signal: controller.signal
+           }).then(function (result) {
+             delete _inflight$2[url];
 
-           // returns an array of entities with bounding boxes overlapping `extent` for the given `graph`
-           tree.intersects = function(extent, graph) {
-               updateToGraph(graph);
-               return _rtree.search(extent.bbox())
-                   .map(function(bbox) { return graph.entity(bbox.id); });
-           };
+             if (result && result.error) {
+               throw new Error(result.error);
+             }
 
-           // returns an array of segment objects with bounding boxes overlapping `extent` for the given `graph`
-           tree.waySegments = function(extent, graph) {
-               updateToGraph(graph);
-               return _segmentsRTree.search(extent.bbox())
-                   .map(function(bbox) { return bbox.segment; });
-           };
+             if (callback) callback(null, result);
+           })["catch"](function (err) {
+             delete _inflight$2[url];
+             if (err.name === 'AbortError') return;
+             if (callback) callback(err.message);
+           });
+         }
+       };
 
+       // for punction see https://stackoverflow.com/a/21224179
 
-           return tree;
+       function simplify$1(str) {
+         if (typeof str !== 'string') return '';
+         return diacritics.remove(str.replace(/&/g, 'and').replace(/İ/ig, 'i') // for BİM, İşbank - #5017
+         .replace(/[\s\-=_!"#%'*{},.\/:;?\(\)\[\]@\\$\^*+<>«»~`’\u00a1\u00a7\u00b6\u00b7\u00bf\u037e\u0387\u055a-\u055f\u0589\u05c0\u05c3\u05c6\u05f3\u05f4\u0609\u060a\u060c\u060d\u061b\u061e\u061f\u066a-\u066d\u06d4\u0700-\u070d\u07f7-\u07f9\u0830-\u083e\u085e\u0964\u0965\u0970\u0af0\u0df4\u0e4f\u0e5a\u0e5b\u0f04-\u0f12\u0f14\u0f85\u0fd0-\u0fd4\u0fd9\u0fda\u104a-\u104f\u10fb\u1360-\u1368\u166d\u166e\u16eb-\u16ed\u1735\u1736\u17d4-\u17d6\u17d8-\u17da\u1800-\u1805\u1807-\u180a\u1944\u1945\u1a1e\u1a1f\u1aa0-\u1aa6\u1aa8-\u1aad\u1b5a-\u1b60\u1bfc-\u1bff\u1c3b-\u1c3f\u1c7e\u1c7f\u1cc0-\u1cc7\u1cd3\u2000-\u206f\u2cf9-\u2cfc\u2cfe\u2cff\u2d70\u2e00-\u2e7f\u3001-\u3003\u303d\u30fb\ua4fe\ua4ff\ua60d-\ua60f\ua673\ua67e\ua6f2-\ua6f7\ua874-\ua877\ua8ce\ua8cf\ua8f8-\ua8fa\ua92e\ua92f\ua95f\ua9c1-\ua9cd\ua9de\ua9df\uaa5c-\uaa5f\uaade\uaadf\uaaf0\uaaf1\uabeb\ufe10-\ufe16\ufe19\ufe30\ufe45\ufe46\ufe49-\ufe4c\ufe50-\ufe52\ufe54-\ufe57\ufe5f-\ufe61\ufe68\ufe6a\ufe6b\ufeff\uff01-\uff03\uff05-\uff07\uff0a\uff0c\uff0e\uff0f\uff1a\uff1b\uff1f\uff20\uff3c\uff61\uff64\uff65]+/g, '').toLowerCase());
        }
 
-       function uiModal(selection, blocking) {
-         let keybinding = utilKeybinding('modal');
-         let previous = selection.select('div.modal');
-         let animate = previous.empty();
+       var matchGroups$1 = {adult_gaming_centre:["amenity/casino","amenity/gambling","leisure/adult_gaming_centre"],beauty:["shop/beauty","shop/hairdresser_supply"],bed:["shop/bed","shop/furniture"],beverages:["shop/alcohol","shop/beer","shop/beverages","shop/wine"],camping:["leisure/park","tourism/camp_site","tourism/caravan_site"],car_parts:["shop/car_parts","shop/car_repair","shop/tires","shop/tyres"],clinic:["amenity/clinic","amenity/doctors","healthcare/clinic","healthcare/dialysis"],confectionery:["shop/candy","shop/chocolate","shop/confectionery"],convenience:["shop/beauty","shop/chemist","shop/convenience","shop/cosmetics","shop/grocery","shop/newsagent"],coworking:["amenity/coworking_space","office/coworking","office/coworking_space"],dentist:["amenity/dentist","amenity/doctors","healthcare/dentist"],electronics:["office/telecommunication","shop/computer","shop/electronics","shop/hifi","shop/mobile","shop/mobile_phone","shop/telecommunication"],fabric:["shop/fabric","shop/haberdashery","shop/sewing"],fashion:["shop/accessories","shop/bag","shop/botique","shop/clothes","shop/department_store","shop/fashion","shop/fashion_accessories","shop/sports","shop/shoes"],financial:["amenity/bank","office/accountant","office/financial","office/financial_advisor","office/tax_advisor","shop/tax"],fitness:["leisure/fitness_centre","leisure/fitness_center","leisure/sports_centre","leisure/sports_center"],food:["amenity/pub","amenity/bar","amenity/cafe","amenity/fast_food","amenity/ice_cream","amenity/restaurant","shop/bakery","shop/ice_cream","shop/pastry","shop/tea","shop/coffee"],fuel:["amenity/fuel","shop/gas","shop/convenience;gas","shop/gas;convenience"],gift:["shop/gift","shop/card","shop/cards","shop/stationery"],hardware:["shop/bathroom_furnishing","shop/carpet","shop/diy","shop/doityourself","shop/doors","shop/electrical","shop/flooring","shop/hardware","shop/hardware_store","shop/power_tools","shop/tool_hire","shop/tools","shop/trade"],health_food:["shop/health","shop/health_food","shop/herbalist","shop/nutrition_supplements"],hobby:["shop/electronics","shop/hobby","shop/books","shop/games","shop/collector","shop/toys","shop/model","shop/video_games","shop/anime"],hospital:["amenity/doctors","amenity/hospital","healthcare/hospital"],houseware:["shop/houseware","shop/interior_decoration"],lifeboat_station:["amenity/lifeboat_station","emergency/lifeboat_station","emergency/marine_rescue"],lodging:["tourism/hotel","tourism/motel"],money_transfer:["amenity/money_transfer","shop/money_transfer"],office_supplies:["shop/office_supplies","shop/stationary","shop/stationery"],outdoor:["shop/outdoor","shop/sports"],pharmacy:["amenity/doctors","amenity/pharmacy","healthcare/pharmacy"],playground:["amenity/theme_park","leisure/amusement_arcade","leisure/playground"],rental:["amenity/bicycle_rental","amenity/boat_rental","amenity/car_rental","amenity/truck_rental","amenity/vehicle_rental","shop/rental"],school:["amenity/childcare","amenity/college","amenity/kindergarten","amenity/language_school","amenity/prep_school","amenity/school","amenity/university"],supermarket:["shop/food","shop/frozen_food","shop/greengrocer","shop/grocery","shop/supermarket","shop/wholesale"],variety_store:["shop/variety_store","shop/discount","shop/convenience"],vending:["amenity/vending_machine","shop/vending_machine"],storage:["shop/storage_units","shop/storage_rental"],weight_loss:["amenity/doctors","amenity/weight_clinic","healthcare/counselling","leisure/fitness_centre","office/therapist","shop/beauty","shop/diet","shop/food","shop/health_food","shop/herbalist","shop/nutrition","shop/nutrition_supplements","shop/weight_loss"],wholesale:["shop/wholesale","shop/supermarket","shop/department_store"]};
+       var matchGroupsJSON = {
+       matchGroups: matchGroups$1
+       };
 
-         previous.transition()
-           .duration(200)
-           .style('opacity', 0)
-           .remove();
+       var genericWords = ["^(barn|bazaa?r|bench|bou?tique|building|casa|church)$","^(baseball|basketball|football|soccer|softball|tennis(halle)?)\\s?(field|court)?$","^(club|green|out|ware)\\s?house$","^(driveway|el árbol|fountain|golf|government|graveyard)$","^(hofladen|librairie|magazine?|maison)$","^(mobile home|skate)?\\s?park$","^(n\\s?\\/?\\s?a|name|no\\s?name|none|null|temporary|test|unknown)$","^(obuwie|pond|pool|sale|shops?|sklep|stores?)$","^\\?+$","^tattoo( studio)?$","^windmill$","^церковная( лавка)?$"];
+       var genericWordsJSON = {
+       genericWords: genericWords
+       };
 
-         let shaded = selection
-           .append('div')
-           .attr('class', 'shaded')
-           .style('opacity', 0);
+       var trees$1 = {brands:{emoji:"🍔",mainTag:"brand:wikidata",sourceTags:["brand","name"],nameTags:{primary:"^(name|name:\\w+)$",alternate:"^(brand|brand:\\w+|operator|operator:\\w+|\\w+_name|\\w+_name:\\w+)$"}},flags:{emoji:"🚩",mainTag:"flag:wikidata",nameTags:{primary:"^(flag:name|flag:name:\\w+)$",alternate:"^(country|country:\\w+|flag|flag:\\w+|subject|subject:\\w+)$"}},operators:{emoji:"💼",mainTag:"operator:wikidata",sourceTags:["operator"],nameTags:{primary:"^(name|name:\\w+|operator|operator:\\w+)$",alternate:"^(brand|brand:\\w+|\\w+_name|\\w+_name:\\w+)$"}},transit:{emoji:"🚇",mainTag:"network:wikidata",sourceTags:["network"],nameTags:{primary:"^network$",alternate:"^(operator|operator:\\w+|network:\\w+|\\w+_name|\\w+_name:\\w+)$"}}};
+       var treesJSON = {
+       trees: trees$1
+       };
 
-         shaded.close = () => {
-           shaded
-             .transition()
-             .duration(200)
-             .style('opacity',0)
-             .remove();
+       var matchGroups = matchGroupsJSON.matchGroups;
+       var trees = treesJSON.trees;
+       var Matcher = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
+         //
+         // `constructor`
+         // initialize the genericWords regexes
+         function Matcher() {
+           var _this = this;
 
-           modal
-             .transition()
-             .duration(200)
-             .style('top','0px');
+           _classCallCheck$1(this, Matcher);
 
-           select(document)
-             .call(keybinding.unbind);
-         };
+           // The `matchIndex` is a specialized structure that allows us to quickly answer
+           //   _"Given a [key/value tagpair, name, location], what canonical items (brands etc) can match it?"_
+           //
+           // The index contains all valid combinations of k/v tagpairs and names
+           // matchIndex:
+           // {
+           //   'k/v': {
+           //     'primary':         Map (String 'nsimple' -> Set (itemIDs…),   // matches for tags like `name`, `name:xx`, etc.
+           //     'alternate':       Map (String 'nsimple' -> Set (itemIDs…),   // matches for tags like `alt_name`, `brand`, etc.
+           //     'excludeNamed':    Map (String 'pattern' -> RegExp),
+           //     'excludeGeneric':  Map (String 'pattern' -> RegExp)
+           //   },
+           // }
+           //
+           // {
+           //   'amenity/bank': {
+           //     'primary': {
+           //       'firstbank':              Set ("firstbank-978cca", "firstbank-9794e6", "firstbank-f17495", …),
+           //       …
+           //     },
+           //     'alternate': {
+           //       '1stbank':                Set ("firstbank-f17495"),
+           //       …
+           //     }
+           //   },
+           //   'shop/supermarket': {
+           //     'primary': {
+           //       'coop':                   Set ("coop-76454b", "coop-ebf2d9", "coop-36e991", …),
+           //       'coopfood':               Set ("coopfood-a8278b", …),
+           //       …
+           //     },
+           //     'alternate': {
+           //       'coop':                   Set ("coopfood-a8278b", …),
+           //       'federatedcooperatives':  Set ("coop-76454b", …),
+           //       'thecooperative':         Set ("coopfood-a8278b", …),
+           //       …
+           //     }
+           //   }
+           // }
+           //
+           this.matchIndex = undefined; // The `genericWords` structure matches the contents of genericWords.json to instantiated RegExp objects
+           // Map (String 'pattern' -> RegExp),
 
+           this.genericWords = new Map();
+           (genericWordsJSON.genericWords || []).forEach(function (s) {
+             return _this.genericWords.set(s, new RegExp(s, 'i'));
+           }); // The `itemLocation` structure maps itemIDs to locationSetIDs:
+           // {
+           //   'firstbank-f17495':  '+[first_bank_western_us.geojson]',
+           //   'firstbank-978cca':  '+[first_bank_carolinas.geojson]',
+           //   'coop-76454b':       '+[Q16]',
+           //   'coopfood-a8278b':   '+[Q23666]',
+           //   …
+           // }
 
-         let modal = shaded
-           .append('div')
-           .attr('class', 'modal fillL');
+           this.itemLocation = undefined; // The `locationSets` structure maps locationSetIDs to *resolved* locationSets:
+           // {
+           //   '+[first_bank_western_us.geojson]':  GeoJSON {…},
+           //   '+[first_bank_carolinas.geojson]':   GeoJSON {…},
+           //   '+[Q16]':                            GeoJSON {…},
+           //   '+[Q23666]':                         GeoJSON {…},
+           //   …
+           // }
 
-         if (!blocking) {
-           shaded.on('click.remove-modal', () => {
-             if (event.target === this) {
-               shaded.close();
-             }
-           });
+           this.locationSets = undefined; // The `locationIndex` is an instance of which-polygon spatial index for the locationSets.
 
-           modal
-             .append('button')
-             .attr('class', 'close')
-             .on('click', shaded.close)
-             .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-close'));
+           this.locationIndex = undefined; // Array of match conflict pairs (currently unused)
 
-           keybinding
-             .on('⌫', shaded.close)
-             .on('⎋', shaded.close);
+           this.warnings = [];
+         } //
+         // `buildMatchIndex()`
+         // Call this to prepare the matcher for use
+         //
+         // `data` needs to be an Object indexed on a 'tree/key/value' path.
+         // (e.g. cache filled by `fileTree.read` or data found in `dist/nsi.json`)
+         // {
+         //    'brands/amenity/bank': { properties: {}, items: [ {}, {}, … ] },
+         //    'brands/amenity/bar':  { properties: {}, items: [ {}, {}, … ] },
+         //    …
+         // }
+         //
 
-           select(document)
-             .call(keybinding);
-         }
 
-         modal
-           .append('div')
-           .attr('class', 'content');
+         _createClass$1(Matcher, [{
+           key: "buildMatchIndex",
+           value: function buildMatchIndex(data) {
+             var that = this;
+             if (that.matchIndex) return; // it was built already
+
+             that.matchIndex = new Map();
+             Object.keys(data).forEach(function (tkv) {
+               var category = data[tkv];
+               var parts = tkv.split('/', 3); // tkv = "tree/key/value"
+
+               var t = parts[0];
+               var k = parts[1];
+               var v = parts[2];
+               var thiskv = "".concat(k, "/").concat(v);
+               var tree = trees[t];
+               var branch = that.matchIndex.get(thiskv);
+
+               if (!branch) {
+                 branch = {
+                   primary: new Map(),
+                   alternate: new Map(),
+                   excludeGeneric: new Map(),
+                   excludeNamed: new Map()
+                 };
+                 that.matchIndex.set(thiskv, branch);
+               } // ADD EXCLUSIONS
 
-         if (animate) {
-           shaded.transition().style('opacity', 1);
-         } else {
-           shaded.style('opacity', 1);
-         }
 
-         return shaded;
-       }
+               var properties = category.properties || {};
+               var exclude = properties.exclude || {};
+               (exclude.generic || []).forEach(function (s) {
+                 return branch.excludeGeneric.set(s, new RegExp(s, 'i'));
+               });
+               (exclude.named || []).forEach(function (s) {
+                 return branch.excludeNamed.set(s, new RegExp(s, 'i'));
+               });
+               var excludeRegexes = [].concat(_toConsumableArray(branch.excludeGeneric.values()), _toConsumableArray(branch.excludeNamed.values())); // ADD ITEMS
 
-       function uiLoading(context) {
-         let _modalSelection = select(null);
-         let _message = '';
-         let _blocking = false;
+               var items = category.items;
+               if (!Array.isArray(items) || !items.length) return; // Primary name patterns, match tags to take first
+               //  e.g. `name`, `name:ru`
 
+               var primaryName = new RegExp(tree.nameTags.primary, 'i'); // Alternate name patterns, match tags to consider after primary
+               //  e.g. `alt_name`, `short_name`, `brand`, `brand:ru`, etc..
 
-         let loading = (selection) => {
-           _modalSelection = uiModal(selection, _blocking);
+               var alternateName = new RegExp(tree.nameTags.alternate, 'i'); // There are a few exceptions to the name matching regexes.
+               // Usually a tag suffix contains a language code like `name:en`, `name:ru`
+               // but we want to exclude things like `operator:type`, `name:etymology`, etc..
 
-           let loadertext = _modalSelection.select('.content')
-             .classed('loading-modal', true)
-             .append('div')
-             .attr('class', 'modal-section fillL');
+               var notName = /:(colou?r|type|forward|backward|left|right|etymology|pronunciation|wikipedia)$/i; // For certain categories we do not want to match generic KV pairs like `building/yes` or `amenity/yes`
 
-           loadertext
-             .append('img')
-             .attr('class', 'loader')
-             .attr('src', context.imagePath('loader-white.gif'));
+               var skipGenericKV = skipGenericKVMatches(t, k, v); // We will collect the generic KV pairs anyway (for the purpose of filtering them out of matchTags)
 
-           loadertext
-             .append('h3')
-             .text(_message);
+               var genericKV = new Set(["".concat(k, "/yes"), "building/yes"]); // Collect alternate tagpairs for this kv category from matchGroups.
+               // We might also pick up a few more generic KVs (like `shop/yes`)
 
-           _modalSelection.select('button.close')
-             .attr('class', 'hide');
+               var matchGroupKV = new Set();
+               Object.values(matchGroups).forEach(function (matchGroup) {
+                 var inGroup = matchGroup.some(function (otherkv) {
+                   return otherkv === thiskv;
+                 });
+                 if (!inGroup) return;
+                 matchGroup.forEach(function (otherkv) {
+                   if (otherkv === thiskv) return; // skip self
 
-           return loading;
-         };
+                   matchGroupKV.add(otherkv);
+                   var otherk = otherkv.split('/', 2)[0]; // we might pick up a `shop/yes`
 
+                   genericKV.add("".concat(otherk, "/yes"));
+                 });
+               }); // For each item, insert all [key, value, name] combinations into the match index
 
-         loading.message = function(val) {
-           if (!arguments.length) return _message;
-           _message = val;
-           return loading;
-         };
+               items.forEach(function (item) {
+                 if (!item.id) return; // Automatically remove redundant `matchTags` - #3417
+                 // (i.e. This kv is already covered by matchGroups, so it doesn't need to be in `item.matchTags`)
 
+                 if (Array.isArray(item.matchTags) && item.matchTags.length) {
+                   item.matchTags = item.matchTags.filter(function (matchTag) {
+                     return !matchGroupKV.has(matchTag) && !genericKV.has(matchTag);
+                   });
+                   if (!item.matchTags.length) delete item.matchTags;
+                 } // key/value tagpairs to insert into the match index..
 
-         loading.blocking = function(val) {
-           if (!arguments.length) return _blocking;
-           _blocking = val;
-           return loading;
-         };
 
+                 var kvTags = ["".concat(thiskv)].concat(item.matchTags || []);
 
-         loading.close = () => {
-           _modalSelection.remove();
-         };
+                 if (!skipGenericKV) {
+                   kvTags = kvTags.concat(Array.from(genericKV)); // #3454 - match some generic tags
+                 } // Index all the namelike tag values
 
 
-         loading.isShown = () => {
-           return _modalSelection && !_modalSelection.empty() && _modalSelection.node().parentNode;
-         };
+                 Object.keys(item.tags).forEach(function (osmkey) {
+                   if (notName.test(osmkey)) return; // osmkey is not a namelike tag, skip
 
+                   var osmvalue = item.tags[osmkey];
+                   if (!osmvalue || excludeRegexes.some(function (regex) {
+                     return regex.test(osmvalue);
+                   })) return; // osmvalue missing or excluded
 
-         return loading;
-       }
+                   if (primaryName.test(osmkey)) {
+                     kvTags.forEach(function (kv) {
+                       return insertName('primary', kv, simplify$1(osmvalue), item.id);
+                     });
+                   } else if (alternateName.test(osmkey)) {
+                     kvTags.forEach(function (kv) {
+                       return insertName('alternate', kv, simplify$1(osmvalue), item.id);
+                     });
+                   }
+                 }); // Index `matchNames` after indexing all other names..
+
+                 var keepMatchNames = new Set();
+                 (item.matchNames || []).forEach(function (matchName) {
+                   // If this matchname isn't already indexed, add it to the alternate index
+                   var nsimple = simplify$1(matchName);
+                   kvTags.forEach(function (kv) {
+                     var branch = that.matchIndex.get(kv);
+                     var primaryLeaf = branch && branch.primary.get(nsimple);
+                     var alternateLeaf = branch && branch.alternate.get(nsimple);
+                     var inPrimary = primaryLeaf && primaryLeaf.has(item.id);
+                     var inAlternate = alternateLeaf && alternateLeaf.has(item.id);
+
+                     if (!inPrimary && !inAlternate) {
+                       insertName('alternate', kv, nsimple, item.id);
+                       keepMatchNames.add(matchName);
+                     }
+                   });
+                 }); // Automatically remove redundant `matchNames` - #3417
+                 // (i.e. This name got indexed some other way, so it doesn't need to be in `item.matchNames`)
 
-       function coreHistory(context) {
-           var dispatch$1 = dispatch('change', 'merge', 'restore', 'undone', 'redone');
-           var lock = utilSessionMutex('lock');
+                 if (keepMatchNames.size) {
+                   item.matchNames = Array.from(keepMatchNames);
+                 } else {
+                   delete item.matchNames;
+                 }
+               }); // each item
+             }); // each tkv
+             // Insert this item into the matchIndex
+
+             function insertName(which, kv, nsimple, itemID) {
+               if (!nsimple) return;
+               var branch = that.matchIndex.get(kv);
+
+               if (!branch) {
+                 branch = {
+                   primary: new Map(),
+                   alternate: new Map(),
+                   excludeGeneric: new Map(),
+                   excludeNamed: new Map()
+                 };
+                 that.matchIndex.set(kv, branch);
+               }
 
-           // restorable if iD not open in another window/tab and a saved history exists in localStorage
-           var _hasUnresolvedRestorableChanges = lock.lock() && !!corePreferences(getKey('saved_history'));
+               var leaf = branch[which].get(nsimple);
 
-           var duration = 150;
-           var _imageryUsed = [];
-           var _photoOverlaysUsed = [];
-           var _checkpoints = {};
-           var _pausedGraph;
-           var _stack;
-           var _index;
-           var _tree;
+               if (!leaf) {
+                 leaf = new Set();
+                 branch[which].set(nsimple, leaf);
+               }
 
+               leaf.add(itemID); // insert
+             } // For certain categories we do not want to match generic KV pairs like `building/yes` or `amenity/yes`
 
-           // internal _act, accepts list of actions and eased time
-           function _act(actions, t) {
-               actions = Array.prototype.slice.call(actions);
 
-               var annotation;
-               if (typeof actions[actions.length - 1] !== 'function') {
-                   annotation = actions.pop();
-               }
+             function skipGenericKVMatches(t, k, v) {
+               return t === 'flags' || t === 'transit' || k === 'landuse' || v === 'atm' || v === 'bicycle_parking' || v === 'car_sharing' || v === 'caravan_site' || v === 'charging_station' || v === 'dog_park' || v === 'parking' || v === 'phone' || v === 'playground' || v === 'post_box' || v === 'public_bookcase' || v === 'recycling' || v === 'vending_machine';
+             }
+           } //
+           // `buildLocationIndex()`
+           // Call this to prepare a which-polygon location index.
+           // This *resolves* all the locationSets into GeoJSON, which takes some time.
+           // You can skip this step if you don't care about matching within a location.
+           //
+           // `data` needs to be an Object indexed on a 'tree/key/value' path.
+           // (e.g. cache filled by `fileTree.read` or data found in `dist/nsi.json`)
+           // {
+           //    'brands/amenity/bank': { properties: {}, items: [ {}, {}, … ] },
+           //    'brands/amenity/bar':  { properties: {}, items: [ {}, {}, … ] },
+           //    …
+           // }
+           //
 
-               var graph = _stack[_index].graph;
-               for (var i = 0; i < actions.length; i++) {
-                   graph = actions[i](graph, t);
-               }
+         }, {
+           key: "buildLocationIndex",
+           value: function buildLocationIndex(data, loco) {
+             var that = this;
+             if (that.locationIndex) return; // it was built already
+
+             that.itemLocation = new Map();
+             that.locationSets = new Map();
+             Object.keys(data).forEach(function (tkv) {
+               var items = data[tkv].items;
+               if (!Array.isArray(items) || !items.length) return;
+               items.forEach(function (item) {
+                 if (that.itemLocation.has(item.id)) return; // we've seen item id already - shouldn't be possible?
+
+                 var resolved;
+
+                 try {
+                   resolved = loco.resolveLocationSet(item.locationSet); // resolve a feature for this locationSet
+                 } catch (err) {
+                   console.warn("buildLocationIndex: ".concat(err.message)); // couldn't resolve
+                 }
 
-               return {
-                   graph: graph,
-                   annotation: annotation,
-                   imageryUsed: _imageryUsed,
-                   photoOverlaysUsed: _photoOverlaysUsed,
-                   transform: context.projection.transform(),
-                   selectedIDs: context.selectedIDs()
-               };
-           }
+                 if (!resolved || !resolved.id) return;
+                 that.itemLocation.set(item.id, resolved.id); // link it to the item
 
+                 if (that.locationSets.has(resolved.id)) return; // we've seen this locationSet feature before..
+                 // First time seeing this locationSet feature, make a copy and add to locationSet cache..
 
-           // internal _perform with eased time
-           function _perform(args, t) {
-               var previous = _stack[_index].graph;
-               _stack = _stack.slice(0, _index + 1);
-               var actionResult = _act(args, t);
-               _stack.push(actionResult);
-               _index++;
-               return change(previous);
-           }
+                 var feature = _cloneDeep(resolved.feature);
 
+                 feature.id = resolved.id; // Important: always use the locationSet `id` (`+[Q30]`), not the feature `id` (`Q30`)
 
-           // internal _replace with eased time
-           function _replace(args, t) {
-               var previous = _stack[_index].graph;
-               // assert(_index == _stack.length - 1)
-               var actionResult = _act(args, t);
-               _stack[_index] = actionResult;
-               return change(previous);
-           }
+                 feature.properties.id = resolved.id;
 
+                 if (!feature.geometry.coordinates.length || !feature.properties.area) {
+                   console.warn("buildLocationIndex: locationSet ".concat(resolved.id, " for ").concat(item.id, " resolves to an empty feature:"));
+                   console.warn(JSON.stringify(feature));
+                   return;
+                 }
 
-           // internal _overwrite with eased time
-           function _overwrite(args, t) {
-               var previous = _stack[_index].graph;
-               if (_index > 0) {
-                   _index--;
-                   _stack.pop();
-               }
-               _stack = _stack.slice(0, _index + 1);
-               var actionResult = _act(args, t);
-               _stack.push(actionResult);
-               _index++;
-               return change(previous);
-           }
+                 that.locationSets.set(resolved.id, feature);
+               });
+             });
+             that.locationIndex = whichPolygon_1({
+               type: 'FeatureCollection',
+               features: _toConsumableArray(that.locationSets.values())
+             });
+
+             function _cloneDeep(obj) {
+               return JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(obj));
+             }
+           } //
+           // `match()`
+           // Pass parts and return an Array of matches.
+           // `k` - key
+           // `v` - value
+           // `n` - namelike
+           // `loc` - optional - [lon,lat] location to search
+           //
+           // 1. If the [k,v,n] tuple matches a canonical item…
+           // Return an Array of match results.
+           // Each result will include the area in km² that the item is valid.
+           //
+           // Order of results:
+           // Primary ordering will be on the "match" column:
+           //   "primary" - where the query matches the `name` tag, followed by
+           //   "alternate" - where the query matches an alternate name tag (e.g. short_name, brand, operator, etc)
+           // Secondary ordering will be on the "area" column:
+           //   "area descending" if no location was provided, (worldwide before local)
+           //   "area ascending" if location was provided (local before worldwide)
+           //
+           // [
+           //   { match: 'primary',   itemID: String,  area: Number,  kv: String,  nsimple: String },
+           //   { match: 'primary',   itemID: String,  area: Number,  kv: String,  nsimple: String },
+           //   { match: 'alternate', itemID: String,  area: Number,  kv: String,  nsimple: String },
+           //   { match: 'alternate', itemID: String,  area: Number,  kv: String,  nsimple: String },
+           //   …
+           // ]
+           //
+           // -or-
+           //
+           // 2. If the [k,v,n] tuple matches an exclude pattern…
+           // Return an Array with a single exclude result, either
+           //
+           // [ { match: 'excludeGeneric', pattern: String,  kv: String } ]  // "generic" e.g. "Food Court"
+           //   or
+           // [ { match: 'excludeNamed', pattern: String,  kv: String } ]    // "named", e.g. "Kebabai"
+           //
+           // About results
+           //   "generic" - a generic word that is probably not really a name.
+           //     For these, iD should warn the user "Hey don't put 'food court' in the name tag".
+           //   "named" - a real name like "Kebabai" that is just common, but not a brand.
+           //     For these, iD should just let it be. We don't include these in NSI, but we don't want to nag users about it either.
+           //
+           // -or-
+           //
+           // 3. If the [k,v,n] tuple matches nothing of any kind, return `null`
+           //
+           //
 
+         }, {
+           key: "match",
+           value: function match(k, v, n, loc) {
+             var that = this;
+
+             if (!that.matchIndex) {
+               throw new Error('match:  matchIndex not built.');
+             } // If we were supplied a location, and a that.locationIndex has been set up,
+             // get the locationSets that are valid there so we can filter results.
+
+
+             var matchLocations;
+
+             if (Array.isArray(loc) && that.locationIndex) {
+               // which-polygon query returns an array of GeoJSON properties, pass true to return all results
+               matchLocations = that.locationIndex([loc[0], loc[1], loc[0], loc[1]], true);
+             }
+
+             var nsimple = simplify$1(n);
+             var seen = new Set();
+             var results = [];
+             gatherResults('primary');
+             gatherResults('alternate');
+             if (results.length) return results;
+             gatherResults('exclude');
+             return results.length ? results : null;
+
+             function gatherResults(which) {
+               // First try an exact match on k/v
+               var kv = "".concat(k, "/").concat(v);
+               var didMatch = tryMatch(which, kv);
+               if (didMatch) return; // If that didn't work, look in match groups for other pairs considered equivalent to k/v..
+
+               for (var mg in matchGroups) {
+                 var matchGroup = matchGroups[mg];
+                 var inGroup = matchGroup.some(function (otherkv) {
+                   return otherkv === kv;
+                 });
+                 if (!inGroup) continue;
 
-           // determine difference and dispatch a change event
-           function change(previous) {
-               var difference = coreDifference(previous, history.graph());
-               if (!_pausedGraph) {
-                   dispatch$1.call('change', this, difference);
-               }
-               return difference;
-           }
+                 for (var i = 0; i < matchGroup.length; i++) {
+                   var otherkv = matchGroup[i];
+                   if (otherkv === kv) continue; // skip self
 
+                   didMatch = tryMatch(which, otherkv);
+                   if (didMatch) return;
+                 }
+               } // If finished 'exclude' pass and still haven't matched anything, try the global `genericWords.json` patterns
 
-           // iD uses namespaced keys so multiple installations do not conflict
-           function getKey(n) {
-               return 'iD_' + window.location.origin + '_' + n;
-           }
 
+               if (which === 'exclude') {
+                 var regex = _toConsumableArray(that.genericWords.values()).find(function (regex) {
+                   return regex.test(n);
+                 });
 
-           var history = {
+                 if (regex) {
+                   results.push({
+                     match: 'excludeGeneric',
+                     pattern: String(regex)
+                   }); // note no `branch`, no `kv`
 
-               graph: function() {
-                   return _stack[_index].graph;
-               },
+                   return;
+                 }
+               }
+             }
 
+             function tryMatch(which, kv) {
+               var branch = that.matchIndex.get(kv);
+               if (!branch) return;
 
-               tree: function() {
-                   return _tree;
-               },
+               if (which === 'exclude') {
+                 // Test name `n` against named and generic exclude patterns
+                 var regex = _toConsumableArray(branch.excludeNamed.values()).find(function (regex) {
+                   return regex.test(n);
+                 });
 
+                 if (regex) {
+                   results.push({
+                     match: 'excludeNamed',
+                     pattern: String(regex),
+                     kv: kv
+                   });
+                   return;
+                 }
 
-               base: function() {
-                   return _stack[0].graph;
-               },
+                 regex = _toConsumableArray(branch.excludeGeneric.values()).find(function (regex) {
+                   return regex.test(n);
+                 });
 
+                 if (regex) {
+                   results.push({
+                     match: 'excludeGeneric',
+                     pattern: String(regex),
+                     kv: kv
+                   });
+                   return;
+                 }
 
-               merge: function(entities/*, extent*/) {
-                   var stack = _stack.map(function(state) { return state.graph; });
-                   _stack[0].graph.rebase(entities, stack, false);
-                   _tree.rebase(entities, false);
+                 return;
+               }
 
-                   dispatch$1.call('merge', this, entities);
-               },
+               var leaf = branch[which].get(nsimple);
+               if (!leaf || !leaf.size) return; // If we get here, we matched something..
+               // Prepare the results, calculate areas (if location index was set up)
 
+               var hits = Array.from(leaf).map(function (itemID) {
+                 var area = Infinity;
 
-               perform: function() {
-                   // complete any transition already in progress
-                   select(document).interrupt('history.perform');
+                 if (that.itemLocation && that.locationSets) {
+                   var location = that.locationSets.get(that.itemLocation.get(itemID));
+                   area = location && location.properties.area || Infinity;
+                 }
 
-                   var transitionable = false;
-                   var action0 = arguments[0];
+                 return {
+                   match: which,
+                   itemID: itemID,
+                   area: area,
+                   kv: kv,
+                   nsimple: nsimple
+                 };
+               });
+               var sortFn = byAreaDescending; // Filter the match to include only results valid in the requested `loc`..
 
-                   if (arguments.length === 1 ||
-                       (arguments.length === 2 && (typeof arguments[1] !== 'function'))) {
-                       transitionable = !!action0.transitionable;
-                   }
+               if (matchLocations) {
+                 hits = hits.filter(isValidLocation);
+                 sortFn = byAreaAscending;
+               }
 
-                   if (transitionable) {
-                       var origArguments = arguments;
-                       select(document)
-                           .transition('history.perform')
-                           .duration(duration)
-                           .ease(linear$1)
-                           .tween('history.tween', function() {
-                               return function(t) {
-                                   if (t < 1) _overwrite([action0], t);
-                               };
-                           })
-                           .on('start', function() {
-                               _perform([action0], 0);
-                           })
-                           .on('end interrupt', function() {
-                               _overwrite(origArguments, 1);
-                           });
+               if (!hits.length) return; // push results
 
-                   } else {
-                       return _perform(arguments);
-                   }
-               },
+               hits.sort(sortFn).forEach(function (hit) {
+                 if (seen.has(hit.itemID)) return;
+                 seen.add(hit.itemID);
+                 results.push(hit);
+               });
+               return true;
 
+               function isValidLocation(hit) {
+                 if (!that.itemLocation) return true;
+                 return matchLocations.find(function (props) {
+                   return props.id === that.itemLocation.get(hit.itemID);
+                 });
+               } // Sort smaller (more local) locations first.
 
-               replace: function() {
-                   select(document).interrupt('history.perform');
-                   return _replace(arguments, 1);
-               },
 
+               function byAreaAscending(hitA, hitB) {
+                 return hitA.area - hitB.area;
+               } // Sort larger (more worldwide) locations first.
 
-               // Same as calling pop and then perform
-               overwrite: function() {
-                   select(document).interrupt('history.perform');
-                   return _overwrite(arguments, 1);
-               },
 
+               function byAreaDescending(hitA, hitB) {
+                 return hitB.area - hitA.area;
+               }
+             }
+           } //
+           // `getWarnings()`
+           // Return any warnings discovered when buiding the index.
+           // (currently this does nothing)
+           //
 
-               pop: function(n) {
-                   select(document).interrupt('history.perform');
+         }, {
+           key: "getWarnings",
+           value: function getWarnings() {
+             return this.warnings;
+           }
+         }]);
 
-                   var previous = _stack[_index].graph;
-                   if (isNaN(+n) || +n < 0) {
-                       n = 1;
-                   }
-                   while (n-- > 0 && _index > 0) {
-                       _index--;
-                       _stack.pop();
-                   }
-                   return change(previous);
-               },
+         return Matcher;
+       }();
 
+       /**
+        * Checks if `value` is the
+        * [language type](http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/#sec-ecmascript-language-types)
+        * of `Object`. (e.g. arrays, functions, objects, regexes, `new Number(0)`, and `new String('')`)
+        *
+        * @static
+        * @memberOf _
+        * @since 0.1.0
+        * @category Lang
+        * @param {*} value The value to check.
+        * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is an object, else `false`.
+        * @example
+        *
+        * _.isObject({});
+        * // => true
+        *
+        * _.isObject([1, 2, 3]);
+        * // => true
+        *
+        * _.isObject(_.noop);
+        * // => true
+        *
+        * _.isObject(null);
+        * // => false
+        */
+       function isObject$2(value) {
+         var type = _typeof(value);
 
-               // Back to the previous annotated state or _index = 0.
-               undo: function() {
-                   select(document).interrupt('history.perform');
+         return value != null && (type == 'object' || type == 'function');
+       }
 
-                   var previousStack = _stack[_index];
-                   var previous = previousStack.graph;
-                   while (_index > 0) {
-                       _index--;
-                       if (_stack[_index].annotation) break;
-                   }
+       /** Detect free variable `global` from Node.js. */
+       var freeGlobal = (typeof global === "undefined" ? "undefined" : _typeof(global)) == 'object' && global && global.Object === Object && global;
 
-                   dispatch$1.call('undone', this, _stack[_index], previousStack);
-                   return change(previous);
-               },
+       /** Detect free variable `self`. */
 
+       var freeSelf = (typeof self === "undefined" ? "undefined" : _typeof(self)) == 'object' && self && self.Object === Object && self;
+       /** Used as a reference to the global object. */
 
-               // Forward to the next annotated state.
-               redo: function() {
-                   select(document).interrupt('history.perform');
+       var root = freeGlobal || freeSelf || Function('return this')();
 
-                   var previousStack = _stack[_index];
-                   var previous = previousStack.graph;
-                   var tryIndex = _index;
-                   while (tryIndex < _stack.length - 1) {
-                       tryIndex++;
-                       if (_stack[tryIndex].annotation) {
-                           _index = tryIndex;
-                           dispatch$1.call('redone', this, _stack[_index], previousStack);
-                           break;
-                       }
-                   }
+       /**
+        * Gets the timestamp of the number of milliseconds that have elapsed since
+        * the Unix epoch (1 January 1970 00:00:00 UTC).
+        *
+        * @static
+        * @memberOf _
+        * @since 2.4.0
+        * @category Date
+        * @returns {number} Returns the timestamp.
+        * @example
+        *
+        * _.defer(function(stamp) {
+        *   console.log(_.now() - stamp);
+        * }, _.now());
+        * // => Logs the number of milliseconds it took for the deferred invocation.
+        */
 
-                   return change(previous);
-               },
+       var now = function now() {
+         return root.Date.now();
+       };
 
+       /** Used to match a single whitespace character. */
+       var reWhitespace = /\s/;
+       /**
+        * Used by `_.trim` and `_.trimEnd` to get the index of the last non-whitespace
+        * character of `string`.
+        *
+        * @private
+        * @param {string} string The string to inspect.
+        * @returns {number} Returns the index of the last non-whitespace character.
+        */
 
-               pauseChangeDispatch: function() {
-                   if (!_pausedGraph) {
-                       _pausedGraph = _stack[_index].graph;
-                   }
-               },
+       function trimmedEndIndex(string) {
+         var index = string.length;
 
+         while (index-- && reWhitespace.test(string.charAt(index))) {}
 
-               resumeChangeDispatch: function() {
-                   if (_pausedGraph) {
-                       var previous = _pausedGraph;
-                       _pausedGraph = null;
-                       return change(previous);
-                   }
-               },
+         return index;
+       }
 
+       /** Used to match leading whitespace. */
 
-               undoAnnotation: function() {
-                   var i = _index;
-                   while (i >= 0) {
-                       if (_stack[i].annotation) return _stack[i].annotation;
-                       i--;
-                   }
-               },
+       var reTrimStart = /^\s+/;
+       /**
+        * The base implementation of `_.trim`.
+        *
+        * @private
+        * @param {string} string The string to trim.
+        * @returns {string} Returns the trimmed string.
+        */
 
+       function baseTrim(string) {
+         return string ? string.slice(0, trimmedEndIndex(string) + 1).replace(reTrimStart, '') : string;
+       }
 
-               redoAnnotation: function() {
-                   var i = _index + 1;
-                   while (i <= _stack.length - 1) {
-                       if (_stack[i].annotation) return _stack[i].annotation;
-                       i++;
-                   }
-               },
+       /** Built-in value references. */
 
+       var _Symbol = root.Symbol;
 
-               // Returns the entities from the active graph with bounding boxes
-               // overlapping the given `extent`.
-               intersects: function(extent) {
-                   return _tree.intersects(extent, _stack[_index].graph);
-               },
+       /** Used for built-in method references. */
 
+       var objectProto$1 = Object.prototype;
+       /** Used to check objects for own properties. */
 
-               difference: function() {
-                   var base = _stack[0].graph;
-                   var head = _stack[_index].graph;
-                   return coreDifference(base, head);
-               },
+       var hasOwnProperty$2 = objectProto$1.hasOwnProperty;
+       /**
+        * Used to resolve the
+        * [`toStringTag`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/#sec-object.prototype.tostring)
+        * of values.
+        */
 
+       var nativeObjectToString$1 = objectProto$1.toString;
+       /** Built-in value references. */
 
-               changes: function(action) {
-                   var base = _stack[0].graph;
-                   var head = _stack[_index].graph;
+       var symToStringTag$1 = _Symbol ? _Symbol.toStringTag : undefined;
+       /**
+        * A specialized version of `baseGetTag` which ignores `Symbol.toStringTag` values.
+        *
+        * @private
+        * @param {*} value The value to query.
+        * @returns {string} Returns the raw `toStringTag`.
+        */
 
-                   if (action) {
-                       head = action(head);
-                   }
+       function getRawTag(value) {
+         var isOwn = hasOwnProperty$2.call(value, symToStringTag$1),
+             tag = value[symToStringTag$1];
 
-                   var difference = coreDifference(base, head);
+         try {
+           value[symToStringTag$1] = undefined;
+           var unmasked = true;
+         } catch (e) {}
 
-                   return {
-                       modified: difference.modified(),
-                       created: difference.created(),
-                       deleted: difference.deleted()
-                   };
-               },
+         var result = nativeObjectToString$1.call(value);
 
+         if (unmasked) {
+           if (isOwn) {
+             value[symToStringTag$1] = tag;
+           } else {
+             delete value[symToStringTag$1];
+           }
+         }
 
-               hasChanges: function() {
-                   return this.difference().length() > 0;
-               },
+         return result;
+       }
 
+       /** Used for built-in method references. */
+       var objectProto = Object.prototype;
+       /**
+        * Used to resolve the
+        * [`toStringTag`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/#sec-object.prototype.tostring)
+        * of values.
+        */
 
-               imageryUsed: function(sources) {
-                   if (sources) {
-                       _imageryUsed = sources;
-                       return history;
-                   } else {
-                       var s = new Set();
-                       _stack.slice(1, _index + 1).forEach(function(state) {
-                           state.imageryUsed.forEach(function(source) {
-                               if (source !== 'Custom') {
-                                   s.add(source);
-                               }
-                           });
-                       });
-                       return Array.from(s);
-                   }
-               },
+       var nativeObjectToString = objectProto.toString;
+       /**
+        * Converts `value` to a string using `Object.prototype.toString`.
+        *
+        * @private
+        * @param {*} value The value to convert.
+        * @returns {string} Returns the converted string.
+        */
 
+       function objectToString(value) {
+         return nativeObjectToString.call(value);
+       }
 
-               photoOverlaysUsed: function(sources) {
-                   if (sources) {
-                       _photoOverlaysUsed = sources;
-                       return history;
-                   } else {
-                       var s = new Set();
-                       _stack.slice(1, _index + 1).forEach(function(state) {
-                           if (state.photoOverlaysUsed && Array.isArray(state.photoOverlaysUsed)) {
-                               state.photoOverlaysUsed.forEach(function(photoOverlay) {
-                                   s.add(photoOverlay);
-                               });
-                           }
-                       });
-                       return Array.from(s);
-                   }
-               },
+       /** `Object#toString` result references. */
 
+       var nullTag = '[object Null]',
+           undefinedTag = '[object Undefined]';
+       /** Built-in value references. */
 
-               // save the current history state
-               checkpoint: function(key) {
-                   _checkpoints[key] = {
-                       stack: _stack,
-                       index: _index
-                   };
-                   return history;
-               },
+       var symToStringTag = _Symbol ? _Symbol.toStringTag : undefined;
+       /**
+        * The base implementation of `getTag` without fallbacks for buggy environments.
+        *
+        * @private
+        * @param {*} value The value to query.
+        * @returns {string} Returns the `toStringTag`.
+        */
 
+       function baseGetTag(value) {
+         if (value == null) {
+           return value === undefined ? undefinedTag : nullTag;
+         }
 
-               // restore history state to a given checkpoint or reset completely
-               reset: function(key) {
-                   if (key !== undefined && _checkpoints.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
-                       _stack = _checkpoints[key].stack;
-                       _index = _checkpoints[key].index;
-                   } else {
-                       _stack = [{graph: coreGraph()}];
-                       _index = 0;
-                       _tree = coreTree(_stack[0].graph);
-                       _checkpoints = {};
-                   }
-                   dispatch$1.call('change');
-                   return history;
-               },
+         return symToStringTag && symToStringTag in Object(value) ? getRawTag(value) : objectToString(value);
+       }
 
+       /**
+        * Checks if `value` is object-like. A value is object-like if it's not `null`
+        * and has a `typeof` result of "object".
+        *
+        * @static
+        * @memberOf _
+        * @since 4.0.0
+        * @category Lang
+        * @param {*} value The value to check.
+        * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is object-like, else `false`.
+        * @example
+        *
+        * _.isObjectLike({});
+        * // => true
+        *
+        * _.isObjectLike([1, 2, 3]);
+        * // => true
+        *
+        * _.isObjectLike(_.noop);
+        * // => false
+        *
+        * _.isObjectLike(null);
+        * // => false
+        */
+       function isObjectLike(value) {
+         return value != null && _typeof(value) == 'object';
+       }
 
-               // `toIntroGraph()` is used to export the intro graph used by the walkthrough.
-               //
-               // To use it:
-               //  1. Start the walkthrough.
-               //  2. Get to a "free editing" tutorial step
-               //  3. Make your edits to the walkthrough map
-               //  4. In your browser dev console run:
-               //        `id.history().toIntroGraph()`
-               //  5. This outputs stringified JSON to the browser console
-               //  6. Copy it to `data/intro_graph.json` and prettify it in your code editor
-               toIntroGraph: function() {
-                   var nextID = { n: 0, r: 0, w: 0 };
-                   var permIDs = {};
-                   var graph = this.graph();
-                   var baseEntities = {};
-
-                   // clone base entities..
-                   Object.values(graph.base().entities).forEach(function(entity) {
-                       var copy = copyIntroEntity(entity);
-                       baseEntities[copy.id] = copy;
-                   });
+       /** `Object#toString` result references. */
 
-                   // replace base entities with head entities..
-                   Object.keys(graph.entities).forEach(function(id) {
-                       var entity = graph.entities[id];
-                       if (entity) {
-                           var copy = copyIntroEntity(entity);
-                           baseEntities[copy.id] = copy;
-                       } else {
-                           delete baseEntities[id];
-                       }
-                   });
+       var symbolTag = '[object Symbol]';
+       /**
+        * Checks if `value` is classified as a `Symbol` primitive or object.
+        *
+        * @static
+        * @memberOf _
+        * @since 4.0.0
+        * @category Lang
+        * @param {*} value The value to check.
+        * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a symbol, else `false`.
+        * @example
+        *
+        * _.isSymbol(Symbol.iterator);
+        * // => true
+        *
+        * _.isSymbol('abc');
+        * // => false
+        */
 
-                   // swap temporary for permanent ids..
-                   Object.values(baseEntities).forEach(function(entity) {
-                       if (Array.isArray(entity.nodes)) {
-                           entity.nodes = entity.nodes.map(function(node) {
-                               return permIDs[node] || node;
-                           });
-                       }
-                       if (Array.isArray(entity.members)) {
-                           entity.members = entity.members.map(function(member) {
-                               member.id = permIDs[member.id] || member.id;
-                               return member;
-                           });
-                       }
-                   });
+       function isSymbol(value) {
+         return _typeof(value) == 'symbol' || isObjectLike(value) && baseGetTag(value) == symbolTag;
+       }
 
-                   return JSON.stringify({ dataIntroGraph: baseEntities });
+       /** Used as references for various `Number` constants. */
 
+       var NAN = 0 / 0;
+       /** Used to detect bad signed hexadecimal string values. */
 
-                   function copyIntroEntity(source) {
-                       var copy = utilObjectOmit(source, ['type', 'user', 'v', 'version', 'visible']);
+       var reIsBadHex = /^[-+]0x[0-9a-f]+$/i;
+       /** Used to detect binary string values. */
 
-                       // Note: the copy is no longer an osmEntity, so it might not have `tags`
-                       if (copy.tags && !Object.keys(copy.tags)) {
-                           delete copy.tags;
-                       }
+       var reIsBinary = /^0b[01]+$/i;
+       /** Used to detect octal string values. */
 
-                       if (Array.isArray(copy.loc)) {
-                           copy.loc[0] = +copy.loc[0].toFixed(6);
-                           copy.loc[1] = +copy.loc[1].toFixed(6);
-                       }
+       var reIsOctal = /^0o[0-7]+$/i;
+       /** Built-in method references without a dependency on `root`. */
 
-                       var match = source.id.match(/([nrw])-\d*/);  // temporary id
-                       if (match !== null) {
-                           var nrw = match[1];
-                           var permID;
-                           do { permID = nrw + (++nextID[nrw]); }
-                           while (baseEntities.hasOwnProperty(permID));
+       var freeParseInt = parseInt;
+       /**
+        * Converts `value` to a number.
+        *
+        * @static
+        * @memberOf _
+        * @since 4.0.0
+        * @category Lang
+        * @param {*} value The value to process.
+        * @returns {number} Returns the number.
+        * @example
+        *
+        * _.toNumber(3.2);
+        * // => 3.2
+        *
+        * _.toNumber(Number.MIN_VALUE);
+        * // => 5e-324
+        *
+        * _.toNumber(Infinity);
+        * // => Infinity
+        *
+        * _.toNumber('3.2');
+        * // => 3.2
+        */
 
-                           copy.id = permIDs[source.id] = permID;
-                       }
-                       return copy;
-                   }
-               },
+       function toNumber(value) {
+         if (typeof value == 'number') {
+           return value;
+         }
 
+         if (isSymbol(value)) {
+           return NAN;
+         }
 
-               toJSON: function() {
-                   if (!this.hasChanges()) return;
+         if (isObject$2(value)) {
+           var other = typeof value.valueOf == 'function' ? value.valueOf() : value;
+           value = isObject$2(other) ? other + '' : other;
+         }
 
-                   var allEntities = {};
-                   var baseEntities = {};
-                   var base = _stack[0];
+         if (typeof value != 'string') {
+           return value === 0 ? value : +value;
+         }
 
-                   var s = _stack.map(function(i) {
-                       var modified = [];
-                       var deleted = [];
+         value = baseTrim(value);
+         var isBinary = reIsBinary.test(value);
+         return isBinary || reIsOctal.test(value) ? freeParseInt(value.slice(2), isBinary ? 2 : 8) : reIsBadHex.test(value) ? NAN : +value;
+       }
 
-                       Object.keys(i.graph.entities).forEach(function(id) {
-                           var entity = i.graph.entities[id];
-                           if (entity) {
-                               var key = osmEntity.key(entity);
-                               allEntities[key] = entity;
-                               modified.push(key);
-                           } else {
-                               deleted.push(id);
-                           }
+       /** Error message constants. */
 
-                           // make sure that the originals of changed or deleted entities get merged
-                           // into the base of the _stack after restoring the data from JSON.
-                           if (id in base.graph.entities) {
-                               baseEntities[id] = base.graph.entities[id];
-                           }
-                           if (entity && entity.nodes) {
-                               // get originals of pre-existing child nodes
-                               entity.nodes.forEach(function(nodeID) {
-                                   if (nodeID in base.graph.entities) {
-                                       baseEntities[nodeID] = base.graph.entities[nodeID];
-                                   }
-                               });
-                           }
-                           // get originals of parent entities too
-                           var baseParents = base.graph._parentWays[id];
-                           if (baseParents) {
-                               baseParents.forEach(function(parentID) {
-                                   if (parentID in base.graph.entities) {
-                                       baseEntities[parentID] = base.graph.entities[parentID];
-                                   }
-                               });
-                           }
-                       });
+       var FUNC_ERROR_TEXT$1 = 'Expected a function';
+       /* Built-in method references for those with the same name as other `lodash` methods. */
 
-                       var x = {};
+       var nativeMax = Math.max,
+           nativeMin = Math.min;
+       /**
+        * Creates a debounced function that delays invoking `func` until after `wait`
+        * milliseconds have elapsed since the last time the debounced function was
+        * invoked. The debounced function comes with a `cancel` method to cancel
+        * delayed `func` invocations and a `flush` method to immediately invoke them.
+        * Provide `options` to indicate whether `func` should be invoked on the
+        * leading and/or trailing edge of the `wait` timeout. The `func` is invoked
+        * with the last arguments provided to the debounced function. Subsequent
+        * calls to the debounced function return the result of the last `func`
+        * invocation.
+        *
+        * **Note:** If `leading` and `trailing` options are `true`, `func` is
+        * invoked on the trailing edge of the timeout only if the debounced function
+        * is invoked more than once during the `wait` timeout.
+        *
+        * If `wait` is `0` and `leading` is `false`, `func` invocation is deferred
+        * until to the next tick, similar to `setTimeout` with a timeout of `0`.
+        *
+        * See [David Corbacho's article](https://css-tricks.com/debouncing-throttling-explained-examples/)
+        * for details over the differences between `_.debounce` and `_.throttle`.
+        *
+        * @static
+        * @memberOf _
+        * @since 0.1.0
+        * @category Function
+        * @param {Function} func The function to debounce.
+        * @param {number} [wait=0] The number of milliseconds to delay.
+        * @param {Object} [options={}] The options object.
+        * @param {boolean} [options.leading=false]
+        *  Specify invoking on the leading edge of the timeout.
+        * @param {number} [options.maxWait]
+        *  The maximum time `func` is allowed to be delayed before it's invoked.
+        * @param {boolean} [options.trailing=true]
+        *  Specify invoking on the trailing edge of the timeout.
+        * @returns {Function} Returns the new debounced function.
+        * @example
+        *
+        * // Avoid costly calculations while the window size is in flux.
+        * jQuery(window).on('resize', _.debounce(calculateLayout, 150));
+        *
+        * // Invoke `sendMail` when clicked, debouncing subsequent calls.
+        * jQuery(element).on('click', _.debounce(sendMail, 300, {
+        *   'leading': true,
+        *   'trailing': false
+        * }));
+        *
+        * // Ensure `batchLog` is invoked once after 1 second of debounced calls.
+        * var debounced = _.debounce(batchLog, 250, { 'maxWait': 1000 });
+        * var source = new EventSource('/stream');
+        * jQuery(source).on('message', debounced);
+        *
+        * // Cancel the trailing debounced invocation.
+        * jQuery(window).on('popstate', debounced.cancel);
+        */
 
-                       if (modified.length) x.modified = modified;
-                       if (deleted.length) x.deleted = deleted;
-                       if (i.imageryUsed) x.imageryUsed = i.imageryUsed;
-                       if (i.photoOverlaysUsed) x.photoOverlaysUsed = i.photoOverlaysUsed;
-                       if (i.annotation) x.annotation = i.annotation;
-                       if (i.transform) x.transform = i.transform;
-                       if (i.selectedIDs) x.selectedIDs = i.selectedIDs;
+       function debounce(func, wait, options) {
+         var lastArgs,
+             lastThis,
+             maxWait,
+             result,
+             timerId,
+             lastCallTime,
+             lastInvokeTime = 0,
+             leading = false,
+             maxing = false,
+             trailing = true;
 
-                       return x;
-                   });
+         if (typeof func != 'function') {
+           throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT$1);
+         }
 
-                   return JSON.stringify({
-                       version: 3,
-                       entities: Object.values(allEntities),
-                       baseEntities: Object.values(baseEntities),
-                       stack: s,
-                       nextIDs: osmEntity.id.next,
-                       index: _index,
-                       // note the time the changes were saved
-                       timestamp: (new Date()).getTime()
-                   });
-               },
+         wait = toNumber(wait) || 0;
 
+         if (isObject$2(options)) {
+           leading = !!options.leading;
+           maxing = 'maxWait' in options;
+           maxWait = maxing ? nativeMax(toNumber(options.maxWait) || 0, wait) : maxWait;
+           trailing = 'trailing' in options ? !!options.trailing : trailing;
+         }
 
-               fromJSON: function(json, loadChildNodes) {
-                   var h = JSON.parse(json);
-                   var loadComplete = true;
+         function invokeFunc(time) {
+           var args = lastArgs,
+               thisArg = lastThis;
+           lastArgs = lastThis = undefined;
+           lastInvokeTime = time;
+           result = func.apply(thisArg, args);
+           return result;
+         }
 
-                   osmEntity.id.next = h.nextIDs;
-                   _index = h.index;
+         function leadingEdge(time) {
+           // Reset any `maxWait` timer.
+           lastInvokeTime = time; // Start the timer for the trailing edge.
 
-                   if (h.version === 2 || h.version === 3) {
-                       var allEntities = {};
+           timerId = setTimeout(timerExpired, wait); // Invoke the leading edge.
 
-                       h.entities.forEach(function(entity) {
-                           allEntities[osmEntity.key(entity)] = osmEntity(entity);
-                       });
+           return leading ? invokeFunc(time) : result;
+         }
 
-                       if (h.version === 3) {
-                           // This merges originals for changed entities into the base of
-                           // the _stack even if the current _stack doesn't have them (for
-                           // example when iD has been restarted in a different region)
-                           var baseEntities = h.baseEntities.map(function(d) { return osmEntity(d); });
-                           var stack = _stack.map(function(state) { return state.graph; });
-                           _stack[0].graph.rebase(baseEntities, stack, true);
-                           _tree.rebase(baseEntities, true);
-
-                           // When we restore a modified way, we also need to fetch any missing
-                           // childnodes that would normally have been downloaded with it.. #2142
-                           if (loadChildNodes) {
-                               var osm = context.connection();
-                               var baseWays = baseEntities
-                                   .filter(function(e) { return e.type === 'way'; });
-                               var nodeIDs = baseWays
-                                   .reduce(function(acc, way) { return utilArrayUnion(acc, way.nodes); }, []);
-                               var missing = nodeIDs
-                                   .filter(function(n) { return !_stack[0].graph.hasEntity(n); });
-
-                               if (missing.length && osm) {
-                                   loadComplete = false;
-                                   context.map().redrawEnable(false);
-
-                                   var loading = uiLoading(context).blocking(true);
-                                   context.container().call(loading);
-
-                                   var childNodesLoaded = function(err, result) {
-                                       if (!err) {
-                                           var visibleGroups = utilArrayGroupBy(result.data, 'visible');
-                                           var visibles = visibleGroups.true || [];      // alive nodes
-                                           var invisibles = visibleGroups.false || [];   // deleted nodes
-
-                                           if (visibles.length) {
-                                               var visibleIDs = visibles.map(function(entity) { return entity.id; });
-                                               var stack = _stack.map(function(state) { return state.graph; });
-                                               missing = utilArrayDifference(missing, visibleIDs);
-                                               _stack[0].graph.rebase(visibles, stack, true);
-                                               _tree.rebase(visibles, true);
-                                           }
-
-                                           // fetch older versions of nodes that were deleted..
-                                           invisibles.forEach(function(entity) {
-                                               osm.loadEntityVersion(entity.id, +entity.version - 1, childNodesLoaded);
-                                           });
-                                       }
-
-                                       if (err || !missing.length) {
-                                           loading.close();
-                                           context.map().redrawEnable(true);
-                                           dispatch$1.call('change');
-                                           dispatch$1.call('restore', this);
-                                       }
-                                   };
-
-                                   osm.loadMultiple(missing, childNodesLoaded);
-                               }
-                           }
-                       }
+         function remainingWait(time) {
+           var timeSinceLastCall = time - lastCallTime,
+               timeSinceLastInvoke = time - lastInvokeTime,
+               timeWaiting = wait - timeSinceLastCall;
+           return maxing ? nativeMin(timeWaiting, maxWait - timeSinceLastInvoke) : timeWaiting;
+         }
 
-                       _stack = h.stack.map(function(d) {
-                           var entities = {}, entity;
+         function shouldInvoke(time) {
+           var timeSinceLastCall = time - lastCallTime,
+               timeSinceLastInvoke = time - lastInvokeTime; // Either this is the first call, activity has stopped and we're at the
+           // trailing edge, the system time has gone backwards and we're treating
+           // it as the trailing edge, or we've hit the `maxWait` limit.
 
-                           if (d.modified) {
-                               d.modified.forEach(function(key) {
-                                   entity = allEntities[key];
-                                   entities[entity.id] = entity;
-                               });
-                           }
+           return lastCallTime === undefined || timeSinceLastCall >= wait || timeSinceLastCall < 0 || maxing && timeSinceLastInvoke >= maxWait;
+         }
 
-                           if (d.deleted) {
-                               d.deleted.forEach(function(id) {
-                                   entities[id] = undefined;
-                               });
-                           }
+         function timerExpired() {
+           var time = now();
 
-                           return {
-                               graph: coreGraph(_stack[0].graph).load(entities),
-                               annotation: d.annotation,
-                               imageryUsed: d.imageryUsed,
-                               photoOverlaysUsed: d.photoOverlaysUsed,
-                               transform: d.transform,
-                               selectedIDs: d.selectedIDs
-                           };
-                       });
+           if (shouldInvoke(time)) {
+             return trailingEdge(time);
+           } // Restart the timer.
 
-                   } else { // original version
-                       _stack = h.stack.map(function(d) {
-                           var entities = {};
 
-                           for (var i in d.entities) {
-                               var entity = d.entities[i];
-                               entities[i] = entity === 'undefined' ? undefined : osmEntity(entity);
-                           }
+           timerId = setTimeout(timerExpired, remainingWait(time));
+         }
 
-                           d.graph = coreGraph(_stack[0].graph).load(entities);
-                           return d;
-                       });
-                   }
+         function trailingEdge(time) {
+           timerId = undefined; // Only invoke if we have `lastArgs` which means `func` has been
+           // debounced at least once.
 
-                   var transform = _stack[_index].transform;
-                   if (transform) {
-                       context.map().transformEase(transform, 0);   // 0 = immediate, no easing
-                   }
+           if (trailing && lastArgs) {
+             return invokeFunc(time);
+           }
 
-                   if (loadComplete) {
-                       dispatch$1.call('change');
-                       dispatch$1.call('restore', this);
-                   }
+           lastArgs = lastThis = undefined;
+           return result;
+         }
 
-                   return history;
-               },
+         function cancel() {
+           if (timerId !== undefined) {
+             clearTimeout(timerId);
+           }
 
+           lastInvokeTime = 0;
+           lastArgs = lastCallTime = lastThis = timerId = undefined;
+         }
 
-               lock: function() {
-                   return lock.lock();
-               },
+         function flush() {
+           return timerId === undefined ? result : trailingEdge(now());
+         }
 
+         function debounced() {
+           var time = now(),
+               isInvoking = shouldInvoke(time);
+           lastArgs = arguments;
+           lastThis = this;
+           lastCallTime = time;
 
-               unlock: function() {
-                   lock.unlock();
-               },
+           if (isInvoking) {
+             if (timerId === undefined) {
+               return leadingEdge(lastCallTime);
+             }
 
+             if (maxing) {
+               // Handle invocations in a tight loop.
+               clearTimeout(timerId);
+               timerId = setTimeout(timerExpired, wait);
+               return invokeFunc(lastCallTime);
+             }
+           }
 
-               save: function() {
-                   if (lock.locked() &&
-                       // don't overwrite existing, unresolved changes
-                       !_hasUnresolvedRestorableChanges) {
+           if (timerId === undefined) {
+             timerId = setTimeout(timerExpired, wait);
+           }
 
-                       corePreferences(getKey('saved_history'), history.toJSON() || null);
-                   }
-                   return history;
-               },
+           return result;
+         }
 
+         debounced.cancel = cancel;
+         debounced.flush = flush;
+         return debounced;
+       }
 
-               // delete the history version saved in localStorage
-               clearSaved: function() {
-                   context.debouncedSave.cancel();
-                   if (lock.locked()) {
-                       _hasUnresolvedRestorableChanges = false;
-                       corePreferences(getKey('saved_history'), null);
+       /*
+           iD.coreDifference represents the difference between two graphs.
+           It knows how to calculate the set of entities that were
+           created, modified, or deleted, and also contains the logic
+           for recursively extending a difference to the complete set
+           of entities that will require a redraw, taking into account
+           child and parent relationships.
+        */
 
-                       // clear the changeset metadata associated with the saved history
-                       corePreferences('comment', null);
-                       corePreferences('hashtags', null);
-                       corePreferences('source', null);
-                   }
-                   return history;
-               },
+       function coreDifference(base, head) {
+         var _changes = {};
+         var _didChange = {}; // 'addition', 'deletion', 'geometry', 'properties'
 
+         var _diff = {};
 
-               savedHistoryJSON: function() {
-                   return corePreferences(getKey('saved_history'));
-               },
+         function checkEntityID(id) {
+           var h = head.entities[id];
+           var b = base.entities[id];
+           if (h === b) return;
+           if (_changes[id]) return;
 
+           if (!h && b) {
+             _changes[id] = {
+               base: b,
+               head: h
+             };
+             _didChange.deletion = true;
+             return;
+           }
 
-               hasRestorableChanges: function() {
-                   return _hasUnresolvedRestorableChanges;
-               },
+           if (h && !b) {
+             _changes[id] = {
+               base: b,
+               head: h
+             };
+             _didChange.addition = true;
+             return;
+           }
 
+           if (h && b) {
+             if (h.members && b.members && !fastDeepEqual(h.members, b.members)) {
+               _changes[id] = {
+                 base: b,
+                 head: h
+               };
+               _didChange.geometry = true;
+               _didChange.properties = true;
+               return;
+             }
 
-               // load history from a version stored in localStorage
-               restore: function() {
-                   if (lock.locked()) {
-                       _hasUnresolvedRestorableChanges = false;
-                       var json = this.savedHistoryJSON();
-                       if (json) history.fromJSON(json, true);
-                   }
-               },
+             if (h.loc && b.loc && !geoVecEqual(h.loc, b.loc)) {
+               _changes[id] = {
+                 base: b,
+                 head: h
+               };
+               _didChange.geometry = true;
+             }
 
+             if (h.nodes && b.nodes && !fastDeepEqual(h.nodes, b.nodes)) {
+               _changes[id] = {
+                 base: b,
+                 head: h
+               };
+               _didChange.geometry = true;
+             }
 
-               _getKey: getKey
+             if (h.tags && b.tags && !fastDeepEqual(h.tags, b.tags)) {
+               _changes[id] = {
+                 base: b,
+                 head: h
+               };
+               _didChange.properties = true;
+             }
+           }
+         }
 
-           };
+         function load() {
+           // HOT CODE: there can be many thousands of downloaded entities, so looping
+           // through them all can become a performance bottleneck. Optimize by
+           // resolving duplicates and using a basic `for` loop
+           var ids = utilArrayUniq(Object.keys(head.entities).concat(Object.keys(base.entities)));
 
+           for (var i = 0; i < ids.length; i++) {
+             checkEntityID(ids[i]);
+           }
+         }
 
-           history.reset();
+         load();
 
-           return utilRebind(history, dispatch$1, 'on');
-       }
+         _diff.length = function length() {
+           return Object.keys(_changes).length;
+         };
 
-       /**
-        * Look for roads that can be connected to other roads with a short extension
-        */
-       function validationAlmostJunction(context) {
-         const type = 'almost_junction';
-         const EXTEND_TH_METERS = 5;
-         const WELD_TH_METERS = 0.75;
-         // Comes from considering bounding case of parallel ways
-         const CLOSE_NODE_TH = EXTEND_TH_METERS - WELD_TH_METERS;
-         // Comes from considering bounding case of perpendicular ways
-         const SIG_ANGLE_TH = Math.atan(WELD_TH_METERS / EXTEND_TH_METERS);
+         _diff.changes = function changes() {
+           return _changes;
+         };
 
-         function isHighway(entity) {
-           return entity.type === 'way'
-             && osmRoutableHighwayTagValues[entity.tags.highway];
-         }
+         _diff.didChange = _didChange; // pass true to include affected relation members
 
-         function isTaggedAsNotContinuing(node) {
-           return node.tags.noexit === 'yes'
-             || node.tags.amenity === 'parking_entrance'
-             || (node.tags.entrance && node.tags.entrance !== 'no');
-         }
+         _diff.extantIDs = function extantIDs(includeRelMembers) {
+           var result = new Set();
+           Object.keys(_changes).forEach(function (id) {
+             if (_changes[id].head) {
+               result.add(id);
+             }
 
+             var h = _changes[id].head;
+             var b = _changes[id].base;
+             var entity = h || b;
 
-         const validation = function checkAlmostJunction(entity, graph) {
-           if (!isHighway(entity)) return [];
-           if (entity.isDegenerate()) return [];
+             if (includeRelMembers && entity.type === 'relation') {
+               var mh = h ? h.members.map(function (m) {
+                 return m.id;
+               }) : [];
+               var mb = b ? b.members.map(function (m) {
+                 return m.id;
+               }) : [];
+               utilArrayUnion(mh, mb).forEach(function (memberID) {
+                 if (head.hasEntity(memberID)) {
+                   result.add(memberID);
+                 }
+               });
+             }
+           });
+           return Array.from(result);
+         };
 
-           const tree = context.history().tree();
-           const extendableNodeInfos = findConnectableEndNodesByExtension(entity);
+         _diff.modified = function modified() {
+           var result = [];
+           Object.values(_changes).forEach(function (change) {
+             if (change.base && change.head) {
+               result.push(change.head);
+             }
+           });
+           return result;
+         };
 
-           let issues = [];
+         _diff.created = function created() {
+           var result = [];
+           Object.values(_changes).forEach(function (change) {
+             if (!change.base && change.head) {
+               result.push(change.head);
+             }
+           });
+           return result;
+         };
 
-           extendableNodeInfos.forEach(extendableNodeInfo => {
-             issues.push(new validationIssue({
-               type,
-               subtype: 'highway-highway',
-               severity: 'warning',
-               message(context) {
-                 const entity1 = context.hasEntity(this.entityIds[0]);
-                 if (this.entityIds[0] === this.entityIds[2]) {
-                   return entity1 ? _t('issues.almost_junction.self.message', {
-                     feature: utilDisplayLabel(entity1, context.graph())
-                   }) : '';
-                 } else {
-                   const entity2 = context.hasEntity(this.entityIds[2]);
-                   return (entity1 && entity2) ? _t('issues.almost_junction.message', {
-                     feature: utilDisplayLabel(entity1, context.graph()),
-                     feature2: utilDisplayLabel(entity2, context.graph())
-                   }) : '';
-                 }
-               },
-               reference: showReference,
-               entityIds: [
-                 entity.id,
-                 extendableNodeInfo.node.id,
-                 extendableNodeInfo.wid,
-               ],
-               loc: extendableNodeInfo.node.loc,
-               hash: JSON.stringify(extendableNodeInfo.node.loc),
-               data: {
-                 midId: extendableNodeInfo.mid.id,
-                 edge: extendableNodeInfo.edge,
-                 cross_loc: extendableNodeInfo.cross_loc
-               },
-               dynamicFixes: makeFixes
-             }));
+         _diff.deleted = function deleted() {
+           var result = [];
+           Object.values(_changes).forEach(function (change) {
+             if (change.base && !change.head) {
+               result.push(change.base);
+             }
            });
+           return result;
+         };
 
-           return issues;
+         _diff.summary = function summary() {
+           var relevant = {};
+           var keys = Object.keys(_changes);
 
-           function makeFixes(context) {
-             let fixes = [new validationIssueFix({
-               icon: 'iD-icon-abutment',
-               title: _t('issues.fix.connect_features.title'),
-               onClick(context) {
-                 const annotation = _t('issues.fix.connect_almost_junction.annotation');
-                 const [, endNodeId, crossWayId] = this.issue.entityIds;
-                 const midNode = context.entity(this.issue.data.midId);
-                 const endNode = context.entity(endNodeId);
-                 const crossWay = context.entity(crossWayId);
-
-                 // When endpoints are close, just join if resulting small change in angle (#7201)
-                 const nearEndNodes = findNearbyEndNodes(endNode, crossWay);
-                 if (nearEndNodes.length > 0) {
-                   const collinear = findSmallJoinAngle(midNode, endNode, nearEndNodes);
-                   if (collinear) {
-                     context.perform(
-                       actionMergeNodes([collinear.id, endNode.id], collinear.loc),
-                       annotation
-                     );
-                     return;
-                   }
-                 }
+           for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
+             var change = _changes[keys[i]];
 
-                 const targetEdge = this.issue.data.edge;
-                 const crossLoc = this.issue.data.cross_loc;
-                 const edgeNodes = [context.entity(targetEdge[0]), context.entity(targetEdge[1])];
-                 const closestNodeInfo = geoSphericalClosestNode(edgeNodes, crossLoc);
+             if (change.head && change.head.geometry(head) !== 'vertex') {
+               addEntity(change.head, head, change.base ? 'modified' : 'created');
+             } else if (change.base && change.base.geometry(base) !== 'vertex') {
+               addEntity(change.base, base, 'deleted');
+             } else if (change.base && change.head) {
+               // modified vertex
+               var moved = !fastDeepEqual(change.base.loc, change.head.loc);
+               var retagged = !fastDeepEqual(change.base.tags, change.head.tags);
 
-                 // already a point nearby, just connect to that
-                 if (closestNodeInfo.distance < WELD_TH_METERS) {
-                   context.perform(
-                     actionMergeNodes([closestNodeInfo.node.id, endNode.id], closestNodeInfo.node.loc),
-                     annotation
-                   );
-                 // else add the end node to the edge way
-                 } else {
-                   context.perform(
-                     actionAddMidpoint({loc: crossLoc, edge: targetEdge}, endNode),
-                     annotation
-                   );
-                 }
+               if (moved) {
+                 addParents(change.head);
                }
-             })];
 
-             const node = context.hasEntity(this.entityIds[1]);
-             if (node && !node.hasInterestingTags()) {
-               // node has no descriptive tags, suggest noexit fix
-               fixes.push(new validationIssueFix({
-                 icon: 'maki-barrier',
-                 title: _t('issues.fix.tag_as_disconnected.title'),
-                 onClick(context) {
-                   const nodeID = this.issue.entityIds[1];
-                   const tags = Object.assign({}, context.entity(nodeID).tags);
-                   tags.noexit = 'yes';
-                   context.perform(
-                     actionChangeTags(nodeID, tags),
-                     _t('issues.fix.tag_as_disconnected.annotation')
-                   );
-                 }
-               }));
+               if (retagged || moved && change.head.hasInterestingTags()) {
+                 addEntity(change.head, head, 'modified');
+               }
+             } else if (change.head && change.head.hasInterestingTags()) {
+               // created vertex
+               addEntity(change.head, head, 'created');
+             } else if (change.base && change.base.hasInterestingTags()) {
+               // deleted vertex
+               addEntity(change.base, base, 'deleted');
              }
-
-             return fixes;
            }
 
-           function showReference(selection) {
-             selection.selectAll('.issue-reference')
-               .data([0])
-               .enter()
-               .append('div')
-               .attr('class', 'issue-reference')
-               .text(_t('issues.almost_junction.highway-highway.reference'));
+           return Object.values(relevant);
+
+           function addEntity(entity, graph, changeType) {
+             relevant[entity.id] = {
+               entity: entity,
+               graph: graph,
+               changeType: changeType
+             };
            }
 
-           function isExtendableCandidate(node, way) {
-             // can not accurately test vertices on tiles not downloaded from osm - #5938
-             const osm = services.osm;
-             if (osm && !osm.isDataLoaded(node.loc)) {
-               return false;
-             }
-             if (isTaggedAsNotContinuing(node) || graph.parentWays(node).length !== 1) {
-               return false;
-             }
+           function addParents(entity) {
+             var parents = head.parentWays(entity);
 
-             let occurences = 0;
-             for (const index in way.nodes) {
-               if (way.nodes[index] === node.id) {
-                 occurences += 1;
-                 if (occurences > 1) {
-                   return false;
-                 }
+             for (var j = parents.length - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
+               var parent = parents[j];
+
+               if (!(parent.id in relevant)) {
+                 addEntity(parent, head, 'modified');
                }
              }
-             return true;
            }
+         }; // returns complete set of entities that require a redraw
+         //  (optionally within given `extent`)
 
-           function findConnectableEndNodesByExtension(way) {
-             let results = [];
-             if (way.isClosed()) return results;
 
-             let testNodes;
-             const indices = [0, way.nodes.length - 1];
-             indices.forEach(nodeIndex => {
-               const nodeID = way.nodes[nodeIndex];
-               const node = graph.entity(nodeID);
+         _diff.complete = function complete(extent) {
+           var result = {};
+           var id, change;
 
-               if (!isExtendableCandidate(node, way)) return;
+           for (id in _changes) {
+             change = _changes[id];
+             var h = change.head;
+             var b = change.base;
+             var entity = h || b;
+             var i;
 
-               const connectionInfo = canConnectByExtend(way, nodeIndex);
-               if (!connectionInfo) return;
+             if (extent && (!h || !h.intersects(extent, head)) && (!b || !b.intersects(extent, base))) {
+               continue;
+             }
 
-               testNodes = graph.childNodes(way).slice();   // shallow copy
-               testNodes[nodeIndex] = testNodes[nodeIndex].move(connectionInfo.cross_loc);
+             result[id] = h;
 
-               // don't flag issue if connecting the ways would cause self-intersection
-               if (geoHasSelfIntersections(testNodes, nodeID)) return;
+             if (entity.type === 'way') {
+               var nh = h ? h.nodes : [];
+               var nb = b ? b.nodes : [];
+               var diff;
+               diff = utilArrayDifference(nh, nb);
 
-               results.push(connectionInfo);
-             });
+               for (i = 0; i < diff.length; i++) {
+                 result[diff[i]] = head.hasEntity(diff[i]);
+               }
 
-             return results;
-           }
+               diff = utilArrayDifference(nb, nh);
 
-           function findNearbyEndNodes(node, way) {
-             return [
-               way.nodes[0],
-               way.nodes[way.nodes.length - 1]
-             ].map(d => graph.entity(d))
-             .filter(d => {
-               // Node cannot be near to itself, but other endnode of same way could be
-               return d.id !== node.id
-                 && geoSphericalDistance(node.loc, d.loc) <= CLOSE_NODE_TH;
-             });
-           }
+               for (i = 0; i < diff.length; i++) {
+                 result[diff[i]] = head.hasEntity(diff[i]);
+               }
+             }
 
-           function findSmallJoinAngle(midNode, tipNode, endNodes) {
-             // Both nodes could be close, so want to join whichever is closest to collinear
-             let joinTo;
-             let minAngle = Infinity;
+             if (entity.type === 'relation' && entity.isMultipolygon()) {
+               var mh = h ? h.members.map(function (m) {
+                 return m.id;
+               }) : [];
+               var mb = b ? b.members.map(function (m) {
+                 return m.id;
+               }) : [];
+               var ids = utilArrayUnion(mh, mb);
 
-             // Checks midNode -> tipNode -> endNode for collinearity
-             endNodes.forEach(endNode => {
-               const a1 = geoAngle(midNode, tipNode, context.projection) + Math.PI;
-               const a2 = geoAngle(midNode, endNode, context.projection) + Math.PI;
-               const diff = Math.max(a1, a2) - Math.min(a1, a2);
+               for (i = 0; i < ids.length; i++) {
+                 var member = head.hasEntity(ids[i]);
+                 if (!member) continue; // not downloaded
 
-               if (diff < minAngle) {
-                 joinTo = endNode;
-                 minAngle = diff;
-               }
-             });
+                 if (extent && !member.intersects(extent, head)) continue; // not visible
 
-             /* Threshold set by considering right angle triangle
-             based on node joining threshold and extension distance */
-             if (minAngle <= SIG_ANGLE_TH) return joinTo;
+                 result[ids[i]] = member;
+               }
+             }
 
-             return null;
+             addParents(head.parentWays(entity), result);
+             addParents(head.parentRelations(entity), result);
            }
 
-           function hasTag(tags, key) {
-             return tags[key] !== undefined && tags[key] !== 'no';
-           }
+           return result;
 
-           function canConnectWays(way, way2) {
+           function addParents(parents, result) {
+             for (var i = 0; i < parents.length; i++) {
+               var parent = parents[i];
+               if (parent.id in result) continue;
+               result[parent.id] = parent;
+               addParents(head.parentRelations(parent), result);
+             }
+           }
+         };
 
-             // allow self-connections
-             if (way.id === way2.id) return true;
+         return _diff;
+       }
 
-             // if one is bridge or tunnel, both must be bridge or tunnel
-             if ((hasTag(way.tags, 'bridge') || hasTag(way2.tags, 'bridge')) &&
-               !(hasTag(way.tags, 'bridge') && hasTag(way2.tags, 'bridge'))) return false;
-             if ((hasTag(way.tags, 'tunnel') || hasTag(way2.tags, 'tunnel')) &&
-               !(hasTag(way.tags, 'tunnel') && hasTag(way2.tags, 'tunnel'))) return false;
+       function coreTree(head) {
+         // tree for entities
+         var _rtree = new RBush();
 
-             // must have equivalent layers and levels
-             const layer1 = way.tags.layer || '0',
-               layer2 = way2.tags.layer || '0';
-             if (layer1 !== layer2) return false;
+         var _bboxes = {}; // maintain a separate tree for granular way segments
 
-             const level1 = way.tags.level || '0',
-               level2 = way2.tags.level || '0';
-             if (level1 !== level2) return false;
+         var _segmentsRTree = new RBush();
 
-             return true;
-           }
+         var _segmentsBBoxes = {};
+         var _segmentsByWayId = {};
+         var tree = {};
 
-           function canConnectByExtend(way, endNodeIdx) {
-             const tipNid = way.nodes[endNodeIdx];  // the 'tip' node for extension point
-             const midNid = endNodeIdx === 0 ? way.nodes[1] : way.nodes[way.nodes.length - 2];  // the other node of the edge
-             const tipNode = graph.entity(tipNid);
-             const midNode = graph.entity(midNid);
-             const lon = tipNode.loc[0];
-             const lat = tipNode.loc[1];
-             const lon_range = geoMetersToLon(EXTEND_TH_METERS, lat) / 2;
-             const lat_range = geoMetersToLat(EXTEND_TH_METERS) / 2;
-             const queryExtent = geoExtent([
-               [lon - lon_range, lat - lat_range],
-               [lon + lon_range, lat + lat_range]
-             ]);
-
-             // first, extend the edge of [midNode -> tipNode] by EXTEND_TH_METERS and find the "extended tip" location
-             const edgeLen = geoSphericalDistance(midNode.loc, tipNode.loc);
-             const t = EXTEND_TH_METERS / edgeLen + 1.0;
-             const extTipLoc = geoVecInterp(midNode.loc, tipNode.loc, t);
-
-             // then, check if the extension part [tipNode.loc -> extTipLoc] intersects any other ways
-             const segmentInfos = tree.waySegments(queryExtent, graph);
-             for (let i = 0; i < segmentInfos.length; i++) {
-               let segmentInfo = segmentInfos[i];
-
-               let way2 = graph.entity(segmentInfo.wayId);
+         function entityBBox(entity) {
+           var bbox = entity.extent(head).bbox();
+           bbox.id = entity.id;
+           _bboxes[entity.id] = bbox;
+           return bbox;
+         }
 
-               if (!isHighway(way2)) continue;
+         function segmentBBox(segment) {
+           var extent = segment.extent(head); // extent can be null if the node entities aren't in the graph for some reason
 
-               if (!canConnectWays(way, way2)) continue;
+           if (!extent) return null;
+           var bbox = extent.bbox();
+           bbox.segment = segment;
+           _segmentsBBoxes[segment.id] = bbox;
+           return bbox;
+         }
 
-               let nAid = segmentInfo.nodes[0],
-                 nBid = segmentInfo.nodes[1];
+         function removeEntity(entity) {
+           _rtree.remove(_bboxes[entity.id]);
 
-               if (nAid === tipNid || nBid === tipNid) continue;
+           delete _bboxes[entity.id];
 
-               let nA = graph.entity(nAid),
-                 nB = graph.entity(nBid);
-               let crossLoc = geoLineIntersection([tipNode.loc, extTipLoc], [nA.loc, nB.loc]);
-               if (crossLoc) {
-                 return {
-                   mid: midNode,
-                   node: tipNode,
-                   wid: way2.id,
-                   edge: [nA.id, nB.id],
-                   cross_loc: crossLoc
-                 };
-               }
-             }
-             return null;
-           }
-         };
+           if (_segmentsByWayId[entity.id]) {
+             _segmentsByWayId[entity.id].forEach(function (segment) {
+               _segmentsRTree.remove(_segmentsBBoxes[segment.id]);
 
-         validation.type = type;
+               delete _segmentsBBoxes[segment.id];
+             });
 
-         return validation;
-       }
+             delete _segmentsByWayId[entity.id];
+           }
+         }
 
-       function validationCloseNodes(context) {
-           var type = 'close_nodes';
+         function loadEntities(entities) {
+           _rtree.load(entities.map(entityBBox));
 
-           var pointThresholdMeters = 0.2;
+           var segments = [];
+           entities.forEach(function (entity) {
+             if (entity.segments) {
+               var entitySegments = entity.segments(head); // cache these to make them easy to remove later
 
-           var validation = function(entity, graph) {
-               if (entity.type === 'node') {
-                   return getIssuesForNode(entity);
-               } else if (entity.type === 'way') {
-                   return getIssuesForWay(entity);
-               }
-               return [];
+               _segmentsByWayId[entity.id] = entitySegments;
+               segments = segments.concat(entitySegments);
+             }
+           });
+           if (segments.length) _segmentsRTree.load(segments.map(segmentBBox).filter(Boolean));
+         }
 
-               function getIssuesForNode(node) {
-                   var parentWays = graph.parentWays(node);
-                   if (parentWays.length) {
-                       return getIssuesForVertex(node, parentWays);
-                   } else {
-                       return getIssuesForDetachedPoint(node);
-                   }
-               }
+         function updateParents(entity, insertions, memo) {
+           head.parentWays(entity).forEach(function (way) {
+             if (_bboxes[way.id]) {
+               removeEntity(way);
+               insertions[way.id] = way;
+             }
 
-               function wayTypeFor(way) {
+             updateParents(way, insertions, memo);
+           });
+           head.parentRelations(entity).forEach(function (relation) {
+             if (memo[entity.id]) return;
+             memo[entity.id] = true;
 
-                   if (way.tags.boundary && way.tags.boundary !== 'no') return 'boundary';
-                   if (way.tags.indoor && way.tags.indoor !== 'no') return 'indoor';
-                   if ((way.tags.building && way.tags.building !== 'no') ||
-                       (way.tags['building:part'] && way.tags['building:part'] !== 'no')) return 'building';
-                   if (osmPathHighwayTagValues[way.tags.highway]) return 'path';
+             if (_bboxes[relation.id]) {
+               removeEntity(relation);
+               insertions[relation.id] = relation;
+             }
 
-                   var parentRelations = graph.parentRelations(way);
-                   for (var i in parentRelations) {
-                       var relation = parentRelations[i];
+             updateParents(relation, insertions, memo);
+           });
+         }
 
-                       if (relation.tags.type === 'boundary') return 'boundary';
+         tree.rebase = function (entities, force) {
+           var insertions = {};
 
-                       if (relation.isMultipolygon()) {
-                           if (relation.tags.indoor && relation.tags.indoor !== 'no') return 'indoor';
-                           if ((relation.tags.building && relation.tags.building !== 'no') ||
-                               (relation.tags['building:part'] && relation.tags['building:part'] !== 'no')) return 'building';
-                       }
-                   }
+           for (var i = 0; i < entities.length; i++) {
+             var entity = entities[i];
+             if (!entity.visible) continue;
 
-                   return 'other';
+             if (head.entities.hasOwnProperty(entity.id) || _bboxes[entity.id]) {
+               if (!force) {
+                 continue;
+               } else if (_bboxes[entity.id]) {
+                 removeEntity(entity);
                }
+             }
 
-               function shouldCheckWay(way) {
+             insertions[entity.id] = entity;
+             updateParents(entity, insertions, {});
+           }
 
-                   // don't flag issues where merging would create degenerate ways
-                   if (way.nodes.length <= 2 ||
-                       (way.isClosed() && way.nodes.length <= 4)) return false;
+           loadEntities(Object.values(insertions));
+           return tree;
+         };
 
-                   var bbox = way.extent(graph).bbox();
-                   var hypotenuseMeters = geoSphericalDistance([bbox.minX, bbox.minY], [bbox.maxX, bbox.maxY]);
-                   // don't flag close nodes in very small ways
-                   if (hypotenuseMeters < 1.5) return false;
+         function updateToGraph(graph) {
+           if (graph === head) return;
+           var diff = coreDifference(head, graph);
+           head = graph;
+           var changed = diff.didChange;
+           if (!changed.addition && !changed.deletion && !changed.geometry) return;
+           var insertions = {};
 
-                   return true;
-               }
+           if (changed.deletion) {
+             diff.deleted().forEach(function (entity) {
+               removeEntity(entity);
+             });
+           }
 
-               function getIssuesForWay(way) {
-                   if (!shouldCheckWay(way)) return [];
+           if (changed.geometry) {
+             diff.modified().forEach(function (entity) {
+               removeEntity(entity);
+               insertions[entity.id] = entity;
+               updateParents(entity, insertions, {});
+             });
+           }
 
-                   var issues = [],
-                       nodes = graph.childNodes(way);
-                   for (var i = 0; i < nodes.length - 1; i++) {
-                       var node1 = nodes[i];
-                       var node2 = nodes[i+1];
+           if (changed.addition) {
+             diff.created().forEach(function (entity) {
+               insertions[entity.id] = entity;
+             });
+           }
 
-                       var issue = getWayIssueIfAny(node1, node2, way);
-                       if (issue) issues.push(issue);
-                   }
-                   return issues;
-               }
+           loadEntities(Object.values(insertions));
+         } // returns an array of entities with bounding boxes overlapping `extent` for the given `graph`
 
-               function getIssuesForVertex(node, parentWays) {
-                   var issues = [];
 
-                   function checkForCloseness(node1, node2, way) {
-                       var issue = getWayIssueIfAny(node1, node2, way);
-                       if (issue) issues.push(issue);
-                   }
+         tree.intersects = function (extent, graph) {
+           updateToGraph(graph);
+           return _rtree.search(extent.bbox()).map(function (bbox) {
+             return graph.entity(bbox.id);
+           });
+         }; // returns an array of segment objects with bounding boxes overlapping `extent` for the given `graph`
 
-                   for (var i = 0; i < parentWays.length; i++) {
-                       var parentWay = parentWays[i];
 
-                       if (!shouldCheckWay(parentWay)) continue;
+         tree.waySegments = function (extent, graph) {
+           updateToGraph(graph);
+           return _segmentsRTree.search(extent.bbox()).map(function (bbox) {
+             return bbox.segment;
+           });
+         };
 
-                       var lastIndex = parentWay.nodes.length - 1;
-                       for (var j = 0; j < parentWay.nodes.length; j++) {
-                           if (j !== 0) {
-                               if (parentWay.nodes[j-1] === node.id) {
-                                   checkForCloseness(node, graph.entity(parentWay.nodes[j]), parentWay);
-                               }
-                           }
-                           if (j !== lastIndex) {
-                               if (parentWay.nodes[j+1] === node.id) {
-                                   checkForCloseness(graph.entity(parentWay.nodes[j]), node, parentWay);
-                               }
-                           }
-                       }
-                   }
-                   return issues;
-               }
+         return tree;
+       }
 
-               function thresholdMetersForWay(way) {
-                   if (!shouldCheckWay(way)) return 0;
+       function svgIcon(name, svgklass, useklass) {
+         return function drawIcon(selection) {
+           selection.selectAll('svg.icon' + (svgklass ? '.' + svgklass.split(' ')[0] : '')).data([0]).enter().append('svg').attr('class', 'icon ' + (svgklass || '')).append('use').attr('xlink:href', name).attr('class', useklass);
+         };
+       }
 
-                   var wayType = wayTypeFor(way);
+       function uiModal(selection, blocking) {
+         var _this = this;
 
-                   // don't flag boundaries since they might be highly detailed and can't be easily verified
-                   if (wayType === 'boundary') return 0;
-                   // expect some features to be mapped with higher levels of detail
-                   if (wayType === 'indoor') return 0.01;
-                   if (wayType === 'building') return 0.05;
-                   if (wayType === 'path') return 0.1;
-                   return 0.2;
-               }
+         var keybinding = utilKeybinding('modal');
+         var previous = selection.select('div.modal');
+         var animate = previous.empty();
+         previous.transition().duration(200).style('opacity', 0).remove();
+         var shaded = selection.append('div').attr('class', 'shaded').style('opacity', 0);
 
-               function getIssuesForDetachedPoint(node) {
+         shaded.close = function () {
+           shaded.transition().duration(200).style('opacity', 0).remove();
+           modal.transition().duration(200).style('top', '0px');
+           select(document).call(keybinding.unbind);
+         };
 
-                   var issues = [];
+         var modal = shaded.append('div').attr('class', 'modal fillL');
+         modal.append('input').attr('class', 'keytrap keytrap-first').on('focus.keytrap', moveFocusToLast);
 
-                   var lon = node.loc[0];
-                   var lat = node.loc[1];
-                   var lon_range = geoMetersToLon(pointThresholdMeters, lat) / 2;
-                   var lat_range = geoMetersToLat(pointThresholdMeters) / 2;
-                   var queryExtent = geoExtent([
-                       [lon - lon_range, lat - lat_range],
-                       [lon + lon_range, lat + lat_range]
-                   ]);
+         if (!blocking) {
+           shaded.on('click.remove-modal', function (d3_event) {
+             if (d3_event.target === _this) {
+               shaded.close();
+             }
+           });
+           modal.append('button').attr('class', 'close').on('click', shaded.close).call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-close'));
+           keybinding.on('⌫', shaded.close).on('⎋', shaded.close);
+           select(document).call(keybinding);
+         }
 
-                   var intersected = context.history().tree().intersects(queryExtent, graph);
-                   for (var j = 0; j < intersected.length; j++) {
-                       var nearby = intersected[j];
+         modal.append('div').attr('class', 'content');
+         modal.append('input').attr('class', 'keytrap keytrap-last').on('focus.keytrap', moveFocusToFirst);
 
-                       if (nearby.id === node.id) continue;
-                       if (nearby.type !== 'node' || nearby.geometry(graph) !== 'point') continue;
+         if (animate) {
+           shaded.transition().style('opacity', 1);
+         } else {
+           shaded.style('opacity', 1);
+         }
 
-                       if (nearby.loc === node.loc ||
-                           geoSphericalDistance(node.loc, nearby.loc) < pointThresholdMeters) {
+         return shaded;
 
-                           // allow very close points if tags indicate the z-axis might vary
-                           var zAxisKeys = { layer: true, level: true, 'addr:housenumber': true, 'addr:unit': true };
-                           var zAxisDifferentiates = false;
-                           for (var key in zAxisKeys) {
-                               var nodeValue = node.tags[key] || '0';
-                               var nearbyValue = nearby.tags[key] || '0';
-                               if (nodeValue !== nearbyValue) {
-                                   zAxisDifferentiates = true;
-                                   break;
-                               }
-                           }
-                           if (zAxisDifferentiates) continue;
-
-                           issues.push(new validationIssue({
-                               type: type,
-                               subtype: 'detached',
-                               severity: 'warning',
-                               message: function(context) {
-                                   var entity = context.hasEntity(this.entityIds[0]),
-                                       entity2 = context.hasEntity(this.entityIds[1]);
-                                   return (entity && entity2) ? _t('issues.close_nodes.detached.message', {
-                                       feature: utilDisplayLabel(entity, context.graph()),
-                                       feature2: utilDisplayLabel(entity2, context.graph())
-                                   }) : '';
-                               },
-                               reference: showReference,
-                               entityIds: [node.id, nearby.id],
-                               dynamicFixes: function() {
-                                   return [
-                                       new validationIssueFix({
-                                           icon: 'iD-operation-disconnect',
-                                           title: _t('issues.fix.move_points_apart.title')
-                                       }),
-                                       new validationIssueFix({
-                                           icon: 'iD-icon-layers',
-                                           title: _t('issues.fix.use_different_layers_or_levels.title')
-                                       })
-                                   ];
-                               }
-                           }));
-                       }
-                   }
+         function moveFocusToFirst() {
+           var node = modal // there are additional rules about what's focusable, but this suits our purposes
+           .select('a, button, input:not(.keytrap), select, textarea').node();
 
-                   return issues;
+           if (node) {
+             node.focus();
+           } else {
+             select(this).node().blur();
+           }
+         }
 
-                   function showReference(selection) {
-                       var referenceText = _t('issues.close_nodes.detached.reference');
-                       selection.selectAll('.issue-reference')
-                           .data([0])
-                           .enter()
-                           .append('div')
-                           .attr('class', 'issue-reference')
-                           .text(referenceText);
-                   }
-               }
+         function moveFocusToLast() {
+           var nodes = modal.selectAll('a, button, input:not(.keytrap), select, textarea').nodes();
 
-               function getWayIssueIfAny(node1, node2, way) {
-                   if (node1.id === node2.id ||
-                       (node1.hasInterestingTags() && node2.hasInterestingTags())) {
-                       return null;
-                   }
+           if (nodes.length) {
+             nodes[nodes.length - 1].focus();
+           } else {
+             select(this).node().blur();
+           }
+         }
+       }
 
-                   if (node1.loc !== node2.loc) {
-                       var parentWays1 = graph.parentWays(node1);
-                       var parentWays2 = new Set(graph.parentWays(node2));
+       function uiLoading(context) {
+         var _modalSelection = select(null);
 
-                       var sharedWays = parentWays1.filter(function(parentWay) {
-                           return parentWays2.has(parentWay);
-                       });
+         var _message = '';
+         var _blocking = false;
 
-                       var thresholds = sharedWays.map(function(parentWay) {
-                           return thresholdMetersForWay(parentWay);
-                       });
+         var loading = function loading(selection) {
+           _modalSelection = uiModal(selection, _blocking);
 
-                       var threshold = Math.min(...thresholds);
-                       var distance = geoSphericalDistance(node1.loc, node2.loc);
-                       if (distance > threshold) return null;
-                   }
+           var loadertext = _modalSelection.select('.content').classed('loading-modal', true).append('div').attr('class', 'modal-section fillL');
 
-                   return new validationIssue({
-                       type: type,
-                       subtype: 'vertices',
-                       severity: 'warning',
-                       message: function(context) {
-                           var entity = context.hasEntity(this.entityIds[0]);
-                           return entity ? _t('issues.close_nodes.message', { way: utilDisplayLabel(entity, context.graph()) }) : '';
-                       },
-                       reference: showReference,
-                       entityIds: [way.id, node1.id, node2.id],
-                       loc: node1.loc,
-                       dynamicFixes: function() {
-                           return [
-                               new validationIssueFix({
-                                   icon: 'iD-icon-plus',
-                                   title: _t('issues.fix.merge_points.title'),
-                                   onClick: function(context) {
-                                       var entityIds = this.issue.entityIds;
-                                       var action = actionMergeNodes([entityIds[1], entityIds[2]]);
-                                       context.perform(action, _t('issues.fix.merge_close_vertices.annotation'));
-                                   }
-                               }),
-                               new validationIssueFix({
-                                   icon: 'iD-operation-disconnect',
-                                   title: _t('issues.fix.move_points_apart.title')
-                               })
-                           ];
-                       }
-                   });
+           loadertext.append('img').attr('class', 'loader').attr('src', context.imagePath('loader-white.gif'));
+           loadertext.append('h3').html(_message);
 
-                   function showReference(selection) {
-                       var referenceText = _t('issues.close_nodes.reference');
-                       selection.selectAll('.issue-reference')
-                           .data([0])
-                           .enter()
-                           .append('div')
-                           .attr('class', 'issue-reference')
-                           .text(referenceText);
-                   }
-               }
+           _modalSelection.select('button.close').attr('class', 'hide');
 
-           };
+           return loading;
+         };
 
+         loading.message = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _message;
+           _message = val;
+           return loading;
+         };
 
-           validation.type = type;
+         loading.blocking = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _blocking;
+           _blocking = val;
+           return loading;
+         };
 
-           return validation;
-       }
+         loading.close = function () {
+           _modalSelection.remove();
+         };
 
-       function validationCrossingWays(context) {
-           var type = 'crossing_ways';
-
-           // returns the way or its parent relation, whichever has a useful feature type
-           function getFeatureWithFeatureTypeTagsForWay(way, graph) {
-               if (getFeatureType(way, graph) === null) {
-                   // if the way doesn't match a feature type, check its parent relations
-                   var parentRels = graph.parentRelations(way);
-                   for (var i = 0; i < parentRels.length; i++) {
-                       var rel = parentRels[i];
-                       if (getFeatureType(rel, graph) !== null) {
-                           return rel;
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
-               return way;
-           }
+         loading.isShown = function () {
+           return _modalSelection && !_modalSelection.empty() && _modalSelection.node().parentNode;
+         };
 
+         return loading;
+       }
 
-           function hasTag(tags, key) {
-               return tags[key] !== undefined && tags[key] !== 'no';
-           }
+       function coreHistory(context) {
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('reset', 'change', 'merge', 'restore', 'undone', 'redone');
 
-           function taggedAsIndoor(tags) {
-               return hasTag(tags, 'indoor') ||
-                   hasTag(tags, 'level') ||
-                   tags.highway === 'corridor';
-           }
+         var _lock = utilSessionMutex('lock'); // restorable if iD not open in another window/tab and a saved history exists in localStorage
 
-           function allowsBridge(featureType) {
-               return featureType === 'highway' || featureType === 'railway' || featureType === 'waterway';
-           }
-           function allowsTunnel(featureType) {
-               return featureType === 'highway' || featureType === 'railway' || featureType === 'waterway';
-           }
 
+         var _hasUnresolvedRestorableChanges = _lock.lock() && !!corePreferences(getKey('saved_history'));
 
-           function getFeatureTypeForCrossingCheck(way, graph) {
-               var feature = getFeatureWithFeatureTypeTagsForWay(way, graph);
-               return getFeatureType(feature, graph);
-           }
+         var duration = 150;
+         var _imageryUsed = [];
+         var _photoOverlaysUsed = [];
+         var _checkpoints = {};
 
-           // discard
-           var ignoredBuildings = {
-               demolished: true, dismantled: true, proposed: true, razed: true
-           };
+         var _pausedGraph;
 
+         var _stack;
 
-           function getFeatureType(entity, graph) {
+         var _index;
 
-               var geometry = entity.geometry(graph);
-               if (geometry !== 'line' && geometry !== 'area') return null;
+         var _tree; // internal _act, accepts list of actions and eased time
 
-               var tags = entity.tags;
 
-               if (hasTag(tags, 'building') && !ignoredBuildings[tags.building]) return 'building';
-               if (hasTag(tags, 'highway') && osmRoutableHighwayTagValues[tags.highway]) return 'highway';
+         function _act(actions, t) {
+           actions = Array.prototype.slice.call(actions);
+           var annotation;
 
-               // don't check railway or waterway areas
-               if (geometry !== 'line') return null;
+           if (typeof actions[actions.length - 1] !== 'function') {
+             annotation = actions.pop();
+           }
 
-               if (hasTag(tags, 'railway') && osmRailwayTrackTagValues[tags.railway]) return 'railway';
-               if (hasTag(tags, 'waterway') && osmFlowingWaterwayTagValues[tags.waterway]) return 'waterway';
+           var graph = _stack[_index].graph;
 
-               return null;
+           for (var i = 0; i < actions.length; i++) {
+             graph = actions[i](graph, t);
            }
 
+           return {
+             graph: graph,
+             annotation: annotation,
+             imageryUsed: _imageryUsed,
+             photoOverlaysUsed: _photoOverlaysUsed,
+             transform: context.projection.transform(),
+             selectedIDs: context.selectedIDs()
+           };
+         } // internal _perform with eased time
 
-           function isLegitCrossing(way1, featureType1, way2, featureType2) {
-               var tags1 = way1.tags;
-               var tags2 = way2.tags;
 
-               // assume 0 by default
-               var level1 = tags1.level || '0';
-               var level2 = tags2.level || '0';
+         function _perform(args, t) {
+           var previous = _stack[_index].graph;
+           _stack = _stack.slice(0, _index + 1);
 
-               if (taggedAsIndoor(tags1) && taggedAsIndoor(tags2) && level1 !== level2) {
-                   // assume features don't interact if they're indoor on different levels
-                   return true;
-               }
+           var actionResult = _act(args, t);
 
-               // assume 0 by default; don't use way.layer() since we account for structures here
-               var layer1 = tags1.layer || '0';
-               var layer2 = tags2.layer || '0';
+           _stack.push(actionResult);
 
-               if (allowsBridge(featureType1) && allowsBridge(featureType2)) {
-                   if (hasTag(tags1, 'bridge') && !hasTag(tags2, 'bridge')) return true;
-                   if (!hasTag(tags1, 'bridge') && hasTag(tags2, 'bridge')) return true;
-                   // crossing bridges must use different layers
-                   if (hasTag(tags1, 'bridge') && hasTag(tags2, 'bridge') && layer1 !== layer2) return true;
-               } else if (allowsBridge(featureType1) && hasTag(tags1, 'bridge')) return true;
-               else if (allowsBridge(featureType2) && hasTag(tags2, 'bridge')) return true;
+           _index++;
+           return change(previous);
+         } // internal _replace with eased time
 
-               if (allowsTunnel(featureType1) && allowsTunnel(featureType2)) {
-                   if (hasTag(tags1, 'tunnel') && !hasTag(tags2, 'tunnel')) return true;
-                   if (!hasTag(tags1, 'tunnel') && hasTag(tags2, 'tunnel')) return true;
-                   // crossing tunnels must use different layers
-                   if (hasTag(tags1, 'tunnel') && hasTag(tags2, 'tunnel') && layer1 !== layer2) return true;
-               } else if (allowsTunnel(featureType1) && hasTag(tags1, 'tunnel')) return true;
-               else if (allowsTunnel(featureType2) && hasTag(tags2, 'tunnel')) return true;
 
-               // don't flag crossing waterways and pier/highways
-               if (featureType1 === 'waterway' && featureType2 === 'highway' && tags2.man_made === 'pier') return true;
-               if (featureType2 === 'waterway' && featureType1 === 'highway' && tags1.man_made === 'pier') return true;
+         function _replace(args, t) {
+           var previous = _stack[_index].graph; // assert(_index == _stack.length - 1)
 
-               if (featureType1 === 'building' || featureType2 === 'building') {
-                   // for building crossings, different layers are enough
-                   if (layer1 !== layer2) return true;
-               }
-               return false;
-           }
+           var actionResult = _act(args, t);
 
+           _stack[_index] = actionResult;
+           return change(previous);
+         } // internal _overwrite with eased time
 
-           // highway values for which we shouldn't recommend connecting to waterways
-           var highwaysDisallowingFords = {
-               motorway: true, motorway_link: true, trunk: true, trunk_link: true,
-               primary: true, primary_link: true, secondary: true, secondary_link: true
-           };
-           var nonCrossingHighways = { track: true };
-
-           function tagsForConnectionNodeIfAllowed(entity1, entity2, graph) {
-               var featureType1 = getFeatureType(entity1, graph);
-               var featureType2 = getFeatureType(entity2, graph);
-
-               var geometry1 = entity1.geometry(graph);
-               var geometry2 = entity2.geometry(graph);
-               var bothLines = geometry1 === 'line' && geometry2 === 'line';
-
-               if (featureType1 === featureType2) {
-                   if (featureType1 === 'highway') {
-                       var entity1IsPath = osmPathHighwayTagValues[entity1.tags.highway];
-                       var entity2IsPath = osmPathHighwayTagValues[entity2.tags.highway];
-                       if ((entity1IsPath || entity2IsPath) && entity1IsPath !== entity2IsPath) {
-                           // one feature is a path but not both
-
-                           var roadFeature = entity1IsPath ? entity2 : entity1;
-                           if (nonCrossingHighways[roadFeature.tags.highway]) {
-                               // don't mark path connections with certain roads as crossings
-                               return {};
-                           }
-                           var pathFeature = entity1IsPath ? entity1 : entity2;
-                           if (['marked', 'unmarked'].indexOf(pathFeature.tags.crossing) !== -1) {
-                               // if the path is a crossing, match the crossing type
-                               return bothLines ? { highway: 'crossing', crossing: pathFeature.tags.crossing } : {};
-                           }
-                           // don't add a `crossing` subtag to ambiguous crossings
-                           return bothLines ? { highway: 'crossing' } : {};
-                       }
-                       return {};
-                   }
-                   if (featureType1 === 'waterway') return {};
-                   if (featureType1 === 'railway') return {};
 
-               } else {
-                   var featureTypes = [featureType1, featureType2];
-                   if (featureTypes.indexOf('highway') !== -1) {
-                       if (featureTypes.indexOf('railway') !== -1) {
-                           if (osmPathHighwayTagValues[entity1.tags.highway] ||
-                               osmPathHighwayTagValues[entity2.tags.highway]) {
-                               // path-rail connections use this tag
-                               return bothLines ? { railway: 'crossing' } : {};
-                           } else {
-                               // road-rail connections use this tag
-                               return bothLines ? { railway: 'level_crossing' } : {};
-                           }
-                       }
+         function _overwrite(args, t) {
+           var previous = _stack[_index].graph;
 
-                       if (featureTypes.indexOf('waterway') !== -1) {
-                           // do not allow fords on structures
-                           if (hasTag(entity1.tags, 'tunnel') && hasTag(entity2.tags, 'tunnel')) return null;
-                           if (hasTag(entity1.tags, 'bridge') && hasTag(entity2.tags, 'bridge')) return null;
+           if (_index > 0) {
+             _index--;
 
-                           if (highwaysDisallowingFords[entity1.tags.highway] ||
-                               highwaysDisallowingFords[entity2.tags.highway]) {
-                               // do not allow fords on major highways
-                               return null;
-                           }
-                           return bothLines ? { ford: 'yes' } : {};
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
-               return null;
+             _stack.pop();
            }
 
+           _stack = _stack.slice(0, _index + 1);
 
-           function findCrossingsByWay(way1, graph, tree) {
-               var edgeCrossInfos = [];
-               if (way1.type !== 'way') return edgeCrossInfos;
-
-               var way1FeatureType = getFeatureTypeForCrossingCheck(way1, graph);
-               if (way1FeatureType === null) return edgeCrossInfos;
-
-               var checkedSingleCrossingWays = {};
-
-               // declare vars ahead of time to reduce garbage collection
-               var i, j;
-               var extent;
-               var n1, n2, nA, nB, nAId, nBId;
-               var segment1, segment2;
-               var oneOnly;
-               var segmentInfos, segment2Info, way2, way2FeatureType;
-               var way1Nodes = graph.childNodes(way1);
-               var comparedWays = {};
-               for (i = 0; i < way1Nodes.length - 1; i++) {
-                   n1 = way1Nodes[i];
-                   n2 = way1Nodes[i + 1];
-                   extent = geoExtent([
-                       [
-                           Math.min(n1.loc[0], n2.loc[0]),
-                           Math.min(n1.loc[1], n2.loc[1])
-                       ],
-                       [
-                           Math.max(n1.loc[0], n2.loc[0]),
-                           Math.max(n1.loc[1], n2.loc[1])
-                       ]
-                   ]);
-
-                   // Optimize by only checking overlapping segments, not every segment
-                   // of overlapping ways
-                   segmentInfos = tree.waySegments(extent, graph);
-
-                   for (j = 0; j < segmentInfos.length; j++) {
-                       segment2Info = segmentInfos[j];
-
-                       // don't check for self-intersection in this validation
-                       if (segment2Info.wayId === way1.id) continue;
-
-                       // skip if this way was already checked and only one issue is needed
-                       if (checkedSingleCrossingWays[segment2Info.wayId]) continue;
-
-                       // mark this way as checked even if there are no crossings
-                       comparedWays[segment2Info.wayId] = true;
-
-                       way2 = graph.hasEntity(segment2Info.wayId);
-                       if (!way2) continue;
-
-                       // only check crossing highway, waterway, building, and railway
-                       way2FeatureType = getFeatureTypeForCrossingCheck(way2, graph);
-                       if (way2FeatureType === null ||
-                           isLegitCrossing(way1, way1FeatureType, way2, way2FeatureType)) {
-                           continue;
-                       }
+           var actionResult = _act(args, t);
 
-                       // create only one issue for building crossings
-                       oneOnly = way1FeatureType === 'building' || way2FeatureType === 'building';
+           _stack.push(actionResult);
 
-                       nAId = segment2Info.nodes[0];
-                       nBId = segment2Info.nodes[1];
-                       if (nAId === n1.id || nAId === n2.id ||
-                           nBId === n1.id || nBId === n2.id) {
-                           // n1 or n2 is a connection node; skip
-                           continue;
-                       }
-                       nA = graph.hasEntity(nAId);
-                       if (!nA) continue;
-                       nB = graph.hasEntity(nBId);
-                       if (!nB) continue;
-
-                       segment1 = [n1.loc, n2.loc];
-                       segment2 = [nA.loc, nB.loc];
-                       var point = geoLineIntersection(segment1, segment2);
-                       if (point) {
-                           edgeCrossInfos.push({
-                               wayInfos: [
-                                   {
-                                       way: way1,
-                                       featureType: way1FeatureType,
-                                       edge: [n1.id, n2.id]
-                                   },
-                                   {
-                                       way: way2,
-                                       featureType: way2FeatureType,
-                                       edge: [nA.id, nB.id]
-                                   }
-                               ],
-                               crossPoint: point
-                           });
-                           if (oneOnly) {
-                               checkedSingleCrossingWays[way2.id] = true;
-                               break;
-                           }
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
-               return edgeCrossInfos;
-           }
+           _index++;
+           return change(previous);
+         } // determine difference and dispatch a change event
 
 
-           function waysToCheck(entity, graph) {
-               var featureType = getFeatureType(entity, graph);
-               if (!featureType) return [];
+         function change(previous) {
+           var difference = coreDifference(previous, history.graph());
 
-               if (entity.type === 'way') {
-                   return [entity];
-               } else if (entity.type === 'relation') {
-                   return entity.members.reduce(function(array, member) {
-                       if (member.type === 'way' &&
-                           // only look at geometry ways
-                           (!member.role || member.role === 'outer' || member.role === 'inner')) {
-                           var entity = graph.hasEntity(member.id);
-                           // don't add duplicates
-                           if (entity && array.indexOf(entity) === -1) {
-                               array.push(entity);
-                           }
-                       }
-                       return array;
-                   }, []);
-               }
-               return [];
+           if (!_pausedGraph) {
+             dispatch.call('change', this, difference);
            }
 
+           return difference;
+         } // iD uses namespaced keys so multiple installations do not conflict
 
-           var validation = function checkCrossingWays(entity, graph) {
-
-               var tree = context.history().tree();
-
-               var ways = waysToCheck(entity, graph);
-
-               var issues = [];
-               // declare these here to reduce garbage collection
-               var wayIndex, crossingIndex, crossings;
-               for (wayIndex in ways) {
-                   crossings = findCrossingsByWay(ways[wayIndex], graph, tree);
-                   for (crossingIndex in crossings) {
-                       issues.push(createIssue(crossings[crossingIndex], graph));
-                   }
-               }
-               return issues;
-           };
 
+         function getKey(n) {
+           return 'iD_' + window.location.origin + '_' + n;
+         }
 
-           function createIssue(crossing, graph) {
+         var history = {
+           graph: function graph() {
+             return _stack[_index].graph;
+           },
+           tree: function tree() {
+             return _tree;
+           },
+           base: function base() {
+             return _stack[0].graph;
+           },
+           merge: function merge(entities
+           /*, extent*/
+           ) {
+             var stack = _stack.map(function (state) {
+               return state.graph;
+             });
 
-               // use the entities with the tags that define the feature type
-               crossing.wayInfos.sort(function(way1Info, way2Info) {
-                   var type1 = way1Info.featureType;
-                   var type2 = way2Info.featureType;
-                   if (type1 === type2) {
-                       return utilDisplayLabel(way1Info.way, graph) > utilDisplayLabel(way2Info.way, graph);
-                   } else if (type1 === 'waterway') {
-                       return true;
-                   } else if (type2 === 'waterway') {
-                       return false;
-                   }
-                   return type1 < type2;
-               });
-               var entities = crossing.wayInfos.map(function(wayInfo) {
-                   return getFeatureWithFeatureTypeTagsForWay(wayInfo.way, graph);
-               });
-               var edges = [crossing.wayInfos[0].edge, crossing.wayInfos[1].edge];
-               var featureTypes = [crossing.wayInfos[0].featureType, crossing.wayInfos[1].featureType];
+             _stack[0].graph.rebase(entities, stack, false);
 
-               var connectionTags = tagsForConnectionNodeIfAllowed(entities[0], entities[1], graph);
+             _tree.rebase(entities, false);
 
-               var featureType1 = crossing.wayInfos[0].featureType;
-               var featureType2 = crossing.wayInfos[1].featureType;
+             dispatch.call('merge', this, entities);
+           },
+           perform: function perform() {
+             // complete any transition already in progress
+             select(document).interrupt('history.perform');
+             var transitionable = false;
+             var action0 = arguments[0];
 
-               var isCrossingIndoors = taggedAsIndoor(entities[0].tags) && taggedAsIndoor(entities[1].tags);
-               var isCrossingTunnels = allowsTunnel(featureType1) && hasTag(entities[0].tags, 'tunnel') &&
-                                       allowsTunnel(featureType2) && hasTag(entities[1].tags, 'tunnel');
-               var isCrossingBridges = allowsBridge(featureType1) && hasTag(entities[0].tags, 'bridge') &&
-                                       allowsBridge(featureType2) && hasTag(entities[1].tags, 'bridge');
+             if (arguments.length === 1 || arguments.length === 2 && typeof arguments[1] !== 'function') {
+               transitionable = !!action0.transitionable;
+             }
 
-               var subtype = [featureType1, featureType2].sort().join('-');
+             if (transitionable) {
+               var origArguments = arguments;
+               select(document).transition('history.perform').duration(duration).ease(linear$1).tween('history.tween', function () {
+                 return function (t) {
+                   if (t < 1) _overwrite([action0], t);
+                 };
+               }).on('start', function () {
+                 _perform([action0], 0);
+               }).on('end interrupt', function () {
+                 _overwrite(origArguments, 1);
+               });
+             } else {
+               return _perform(arguments);
+             }
+           },
+           replace: function replace() {
+             select(document).interrupt('history.perform');
+             return _replace(arguments, 1);
+           },
+           // Same as calling pop and then perform
+           overwrite: function overwrite() {
+             select(document).interrupt('history.perform');
+             return _overwrite(arguments, 1);
+           },
+           pop: function pop(n) {
+             select(document).interrupt('history.perform');
+             var previous = _stack[_index].graph;
 
-               var crossingTypeID = subtype;
+             if (isNaN(+n) || +n < 0) {
+               n = 1;
+             }
 
-               if (isCrossingIndoors) {
-                   crossingTypeID = 'indoor-indoor';
-               } else if (isCrossingTunnels) {
-                   crossingTypeID = 'tunnel-tunnel';
-               } else if (isCrossingBridges) {
-                   crossingTypeID = 'bridge-bridge';
-               }
-               if (connectionTags && (isCrossingIndoors || isCrossingTunnels || isCrossingBridges)) {
-                   crossingTypeID += '_connectable';
-               }
+             while (n-- > 0 && _index > 0) {
+               _index--;
 
-               return new validationIssue({
-                   type: type,
-                   subtype: subtype,
-                   severity: 'warning',
-                   message: function(context) {
-                       var graph = context.graph();
-                       var entity1 = graph.hasEntity(this.entityIds[0]),
-                           entity2 = graph.hasEntity(this.entityIds[1]);
-                       return (entity1 && entity2) ? _t('issues.crossing_ways.message', {
-                           feature: utilDisplayLabel(entity1, graph),
-                           feature2: utilDisplayLabel(entity2, graph)
-                       }) : '';
-                   },
-                   reference: showReference,
-                   entityIds: entities.map(function(entity) {
-                       return entity.id;
-                   }),
-                   data: {
-                       edges: edges,
-                       featureTypes: featureTypes,
-                       connectionTags: connectionTags
-                   },
-                   // differentiate based on the loc since two ways can cross multiple times
-                   hash: crossing.crossPoint.toString() +
-                       // if the edges change then so does the fix
-                       edges.slice().sort(function(edge1, edge2) {
-                           // order to assure hash is deterministic
-                           return edge1[0] < edge2[0] ? -1 : 1;
-                       }).toString() +
-                       // ensure the correct connection tags are added in the fix
-                       JSON.stringify(connectionTags),
-                   loc: crossing.crossPoint,
-                   dynamicFixes: function(context) {
-                       var mode = context.mode();
-                       if (!mode || mode.id !== 'select' || mode.selectedIDs().length !== 1) return [];
-
-                       var selectedIndex = this.entityIds[0] === mode.selectedIDs()[0] ? 0 : 1;
-                       var selectedFeatureType = this.data.featureTypes[selectedIndex];
-                       var otherFeatureType = this.data.featureTypes[selectedIndex === 0 ? 1 : 0];
-
-                       var fixes = [];
-
-                       if (connectionTags) {
-                           fixes.push(makeConnectWaysFix(this.data.connectionTags));
-                       }
+               _stack.pop();
+             }
 
-                       if (isCrossingIndoors) {
-                           fixes.push(new validationIssueFix({
-                               icon: 'iD-icon-layers',
-                               title: _t('issues.fix.use_different_levels.title')
-                           }));
-                       } else if (isCrossingTunnels ||
-                           isCrossingBridges ||
-                           featureType1 === 'building' ||
-                           featureType2 === 'building')  {
-
-                           fixes.push(makeChangeLayerFix('higher'));
-                           fixes.push(makeChangeLayerFix('lower'));
-
-                       // can only add bridge/tunnel if both features are lines
-                       } else if (context.graph().geometry(this.entityIds[0]) === 'line' &&
-                           context.graph().geometry(this.entityIds[1]) === 'line') {
-
-                           // don't recommend adding bridges to waterways since they're uncommmon
-                           if (allowsBridge(selectedFeatureType) && selectedFeatureType !== 'waterway') {
-                               fixes.push(makeAddBridgeOrTunnelFix('add_a_bridge', 'temaki-bridge', 'bridge'));
-                           }
+             return change(previous);
+           },
+           // Back to the previous annotated state or _index = 0.
+           undo: function undo() {
+             select(document).interrupt('history.perform');
+             var previousStack = _stack[_index];
+             var previous = previousStack.graph;
 
-                           // don't recommend adding tunnels under waterways since they're uncommmon
-                           var skipTunnelFix = otherFeatureType === 'waterway' && selectedFeatureType !== 'waterway';
-                           if (allowsTunnel(selectedFeatureType) && !skipTunnelFix) {
-                               fixes.push(makeAddBridgeOrTunnelFix('add_a_tunnel', 'temaki-tunnel', 'tunnel'));
-                           }
-                       }
+             while (_index > 0) {
+               _index--;
+               if (_stack[_index].annotation) break;
+             }
 
-                       // repositioning the features is always an option
-                       fixes.push(new validationIssueFix({
-                           icon: 'iD-operation-move',
-                           title: _t('issues.fix.reposition_features.title')
-                       }));
+             dispatch.call('undone', this, _stack[_index], previousStack);
+             return change(previous);
+           },
+           // Forward to the next annotated state.
+           redo: function redo() {
+             select(document).interrupt('history.perform');
+             var previousStack = _stack[_index];
+             var previous = previousStack.graph;
+             var tryIndex = _index;
 
-                       return fixes;
-                   }
-               });
+             while (tryIndex < _stack.length - 1) {
+               tryIndex++;
 
-               function showReference(selection) {
-                   selection.selectAll('.issue-reference')
-                       .data([0])
-                       .enter()
-                       .append('div')
-                       .attr('class', 'issue-reference')
-                       .text(_t('issues.crossing_ways.' + crossingTypeID + '.reference'));
+               if (_stack[tryIndex].annotation) {
+                 _index = tryIndex;
+                 dispatch.call('redone', this, _stack[_index], previousStack);
+                 break;
                }
-           }
+             }
 
-           function makeAddBridgeOrTunnelFix(fixTitleID, iconName, bridgeOrTunnel){
-               return new validationIssueFix({
-                   icon: iconName,
-                   title: _t('issues.fix.' + fixTitleID + '.title'),
-                   onClick: function(context) {
-                       var mode = context.mode();
-                       if (!mode || mode.id !== 'select') return;
+             return change(previous);
+           },
+           pauseChangeDispatch: function pauseChangeDispatch() {
+             if (!_pausedGraph) {
+               _pausedGraph = _stack[_index].graph;
+             }
+           },
+           resumeChangeDispatch: function resumeChangeDispatch() {
+             if (_pausedGraph) {
+               var previous = _pausedGraph;
+               _pausedGraph = null;
+               return change(previous);
+             }
+           },
+           undoAnnotation: function undoAnnotation() {
+             var i = _index;
 
-                       var selectedIDs = mode.selectedIDs();
-                       if (selectedIDs.length !== 1) return;
+             while (i >= 0) {
+               if (_stack[i].annotation) return _stack[i].annotation;
+               i--;
+             }
+           },
+           redoAnnotation: function redoAnnotation() {
+             var i = _index + 1;
 
-                       var selectedWayID = selectedIDs[0];
-                       if (!context.hasEntity(selectedWayID)) return;
+             while (i <= _stack.length - 1) {
+               if (_stack[i].annotation) return _stack[i].annotation;
+               i++;
+             }
+           },
+           // Returns the entities from the active graph with bounding boxes
+           // overlapping the given `extent`.
+           intersects: function intersects(extent) {
+             return _tree.intersects(extent, _stack[_index].graph);
+           },
+           difference: function difference() {
+             var base = _stack[0].graph;
+             var head = _stack[_index].graph;
+             return coreDifference(base, head);
+           },
+           changes: function changes(action) {
+             var base = _stack[0].graph;
+             var head = _stack[_index].graph;
 
-                       var resultWayIDs = [selectedWayID];
+             if (action) {
+               head = action(head);
+             }
 
-                       var edge, crossedEdge, crossedWayID;
-                       if (this.issue.entityIds[0] === selectedWayID) {
-                           edge = this.issue.data.edges[0];
-                           crossedEdge = this.issue.data.edges[1];
-                           crossedWayID = this.issue.entityIds[1];
-                       } else {
-                           edge = this.issue.data.edges[1];
-                           crossedEdge = this.issue.data.edges[0];
-                           crossedWayID = this.issue.entityIds[0];
-                       }
+             var difference = coreDifference(base, head);
+             return {
+               modified: difference.modified(),
+               created: difference.created(),
+               deleted: difference.deleted()
+             };
+           },
+           hasChanges: function hasChanges() {
+             return this.difference().length() > 0;
+           },
+           imageryUsed: function imageryUsed(sources) {
+             if (sources) {
+               _imageryUsed = sources;
+               return history;
+             } else {
+               var s = new Set();
 
-                       var crossingLoc = this.issue.loc;
+               _stack.slice(1, _index + 1).forEach(function (state) {
+                 state.imageryUsed.forEach(function (source) {
+                   if (source !== 'Custom') {
+                     s.add(source);
+                   }
+                 });
+               });
 
-                       var projection = context.projection;
+               return Array.from(s);
+             }
+           },
+           photoOverlaysUsed: function photoOverlaysUsed(sources) {
+             if (sources) {
+               _photoOverlaysUsed = sources;
+               return history;
+             } else {
+               var s = new Set();
 
-                       var action = function actionAddStructure(graph) {
+               _stack.slice(1, _index + 1).forEach(function (state) {
+                 if (state.photoOverlaysUsed && Array.isArray(state.photoOverlaysUsed)) {
+                   state.photoOverlaysUsed.forEach(function (photoOverlay) {
+                     s.add(photoOverlay);
+                   });
+                 }
+               });
 
-                           var edgeNodes = [graph.entity(edge[0]), graph.entity(edge[1])];
+               return Array.from(s);
+             }
+           },
+           // save the current history state
+           checkpoint: function checkpoint(key) {
+             _checkpoints[key] = {
+               stack: _stack,
+               index: _index
+             };
+             return history;
+           },
+           // restore history state to a given checkpoint or reset completely
+           reset: function reset(key) {
+             if (key !== undefined && _checkpoints.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
+               _stack = _checkpoints[key].stack;
+               _index = _checkpoints[key].index;
+             } else {
+               _stack = [{
+                 graph: coreGraph()
+               }];
+               _index = 0;
+               _tree = coreTree(_stack[0].graph);
+               _checkpoints = {};
+             }
 
-                           var crossedWay = graph.hasEntity(crossedWayID);
-                           // use the explicit width of the crossed feature as the structure length, if available
-                           var structLengthMeters = crossedWay && crossedWay.tags.width && parseFloat(crossedWay.tags.width);
-                           if (!structLengthMeters) {
-                               // if no explicit width is set, approximate the width based on the tags
-                               structLengthMeters = crossedWay && crossedWay.impliedLineWidthMeters();
-                           }
-                           if (structLengthMeters) {
-                               if (getFeatureType(crossedWay, graph) === 'railway') {
-                                   // bridges over railways are generally much longer than the rail bed itself, compensate
-                                   structLengthMeters *= 2;
-                               }
-                           } else {
-                               // should ideally never land here since all rail/water/road tags should have an implied width
-                               structLengthMeters = 8;
-                           }
+             dispatch.call('reset');
+             dispatch.call('change');
+             return history;
+           },
+           // `toIntroGraph()` is used to export the intro graph used by the walkthrough.
+           //
+           // To use it:
+           //  1. Start the walkthrough.
+           //  2. Get to a "free editing" tutorial step
+           //  3. Make your edits to the walkthrough map
+           //  4. In your browser dev console run:
+           //        `id.history().toIntroGraph()`
+           //  5. This outputs stringified JSON to the browser console
+           //  6. Copy it to `data/intro_graph.json` and prettify it in your code editor
+           toIntroGraph: function toIntroGraph() {
+             var nextID = {
+               n: 0,
+               r: 0,
+               w: 0
+             };
+             var permIDs = {};
+             var graph = this.graph();
+             var baseEntities = {}; // clone base entities..
 
-                           var a1 = geoAngle(edgeNodes[0], edgeNodes[1], projection) + Math.PI;
-                           var a2 = geoAngle(graph.entity(crossedEdge[0]), graph.entity(crossedEdge[1]), projection) + Math.PI;
-                           var crossingAngle = Math.max(a1, a2) - Math.min(a1, a2);
-                           if (crossingAngle > Math.PI) crossingAngle -= Math.PI;
-                           // lengthen the structure to account for the angle of the crossing
-                           structLengthMeters = ((structLengthMeters / 2) / Math.sin(crossingAngle)) * 2;
+             Object.values(graph.base().entities).forEach(function (entity) {
+               var copy = copyIntroEntity(entity);
+               baseEntities[copy.id] = copy;
+             }); // replace base entities with head entities..
 
-                           // add padding since the structure must extend past the edges of the crossed feature
-                           structLengthMeters += 4;
+             Object.keys(graph.entities).forEach(function (id) {
+               var entity = graph.entities[id];
 
-                           // clamp the length to a reasonable range
-                           structLengthMeters = Math.min(Math.max(structLengthMeters, 4), 50);
+               if (entity) {
+                 var copy = copyIntroEntity(entity);
+                 baseEntities[copy.id] = copy;
+               } else {
+                 delete baseEntities[id];
+               }
+             }); // swap temporary for permanent ids..
 
-                           function geomToProj(geoPoint) {
-                               return [
-                                   geoLonToMeters(geoPoint[0], geoPoint[1]),
-                                   geoLatToMeters(geoPoint[1])
-                               ];
-                           }
-                           function projToGeom(projPoint) {
-                               var lat = geoMetersToLat(projPoint[1]);
-                               return [
-                                   geoMetersToLon(projPoint[0], lat),
-                                   lat
-                               ];
-                           }
+             Object.values(baseEntities).forEach(function (entity) {
+               if (Array.isArray(entity.nodes)) {
+                 entity.nodes = entity.nodes.map(function (node) {
+                   return permIDs[node] || node;
+                 });
+               }
 
-                           var projEdgeNode1 = geomToProj(edgeNodes[0].loc);
-                           var projEdgeNode2 = geomToProj(edgeNodes[1].loc);
+               if (Array.isArray(entity.members)) {
+                 entity.members = entity.members.map(function (member) {
+                   member.id = permIDs[member.id] || member.id;
+                   return member;
+                 });
+               }
+             });
+             return JSON.stringify({
+               dataIntroGraph: baseEntities
+             });
 
-                           var projectedAngle = geoVecAngle(projEdgeNode1, projEdgeNode2);
+             function copyIntroEntity(source) {
+               var copy = utilObjectOmit(source, ['type', 'user', 'v', 'version', 'visible']); // Note: the copy is no longer an osmEntity, so it might not have `tags`
 
-                           var projectedCrossingLoc = geomToProj(crossingLoc);
-                           var linearToSphericalMetersRatio = geoVecLength(projEdgeNode1, projEdgeNode2) /
-                               geoSphericalDistance(edgeNodes[0].loc, edgeNodes[1].loc);
+               if (copy.tags && !Object.keys(copy.tags)) {
+                 delete copy.tags;
+               }
 
-                           function locSphericalDistanceFromCrossingLoc(angle, distanceMeters) {
-                               var lengthSphericalMeters = distanceMeters * linearToSphericalMetersRatio;
-                               return projToGeom([
-                                   projectedCrossingLoc[0] + Math.cos(angle) * lengthSphericalMeters,
-                                   projectedCrossingLoc[1] + Math.sin(angle) * lengthSphericalMeters
-                               ]);
-                           }
+               if (Array.isArray(copy.loc)) {
+                 copy.loc[0] = +copy.loc[0].toFixed(6);
+                 copy.loc[1] = +copy.loc[1].toFixed(6);
+               }
 
-                           var endpointLocGetter1 = function(lengthMeters) {
-                               return locSphericalDistanceFromCrossingLoc(projectedAngle, lengthMeters);
-                           };
-                           var endpointLocGetter2 = function(lengthMeters) {
-                               return locSphericalDistanceFromCrossingLoc(projectedAngle + Math.PI, lengthMeters);
-                           };
-
-                           // avoid creating very short edges from splitting too close to another node
-                           var minEdgeLengthMeters = 0.55;
-
-                           // decide where to bound the structure along the way, splitting as necessary
-                           function determineEndpoint(edge, endNode, locGetter) {
-                               var newNode;
-
-                               var idealLengthMeters = structLengthMeters / 2;
-
-                               // distance between the crossing location and the end of the edge,
-                               // the maximum length of this side of the structure
-                               var crossingToEdgeEndDistance = geoSphericalDistance(crossingLoc, endNode.loc);
-
-                               if (crossingToEdgeEndDistance - idealLengthMeters > minEdgeLengthMeters) {
-                                   // the edge is long enough to insert a new node
-
-                                   // the loc that would result in the full expected length
-                                   var idealNodeLoc = locGetter(idealLengthMeters);
-
-                                   newNode = osmNode();
-                                   graph = actionAddMidpoint({ loc: idealNodeLoc, edge: edge }, newNode)(graph);
-
-                               } else {
-                                   var edgeCount = 0;
-                                   endNode.parentIntersectionWays(graph).forEach(function(way) {
-                                       way.nodes.forEach(function(nodeID) {
-                                           if (nodeID === endNode.id) {
-                                               if ((endNode.id === way.first() && endNode.id !== way.last()) ||
-                                                   (endNode.id === way.last() && endNode.id !== way.first())) {
-                                                   edgeCount += 1;
-                                               } else {
-                                                   edgeCount += 2;
-                                               }
-                                           }
-                                       });
-                                   });
-
-                                   if (edgeCount >= 3) {
-                                       // the end node is a junction, try to leave a segment
-                                       // between it and the structure - #7202
-
-                                       var insetLength = crossingToEdgeEndDistance - minEdgeLengthMeters;
-                                       if (insetLength > minEdgeLengthMeters) {
-                                           var insetNodeLoc = locGetter(insetLength);
-                                           newNode = osmNode();
-                                           graph = actionAddMidpoint({ loc: insetNodeLoc, edge: edge }, newNode)(graph);
-                                       }
-                                   }
-                               }
-
-                               // if the edge is too short to subdivide as desired, then
-                               // just bound the structure at the existing end node
-                               if (!newNode) newNode = endNode;
-
-                               var splitAction = actionSplit(newNode.id)
-                                   .limitWays(resultWayIDs); // only split selected or created ways
-
-                               // do the split
-                               graph = splitAction(graph);
-                               if (splitAction.getCreatedWayIDs().length) {
-                                   resultWayIDs.push(splitAction.getCreatedWayIDs()[0]);
-                               }
-
-                               return newNode;
-                           }
+               var match = source.id.match(/([nrw])-\d*/); // temporary id
 
-                           var structEndNode1 = determineEndpoint(edge, edgeNodes[1], endpointLocGetter1);
-                           var structEndNode2 = determineEndpoint([edgeNodes[0].id, structEndNode1.id], edgeNodes[0], endpointLocGetter2);
+               if (match !== null) {
+                 var nrw = match[1];
+                 var permID;
 
-                           var structureWay = resultWayIDs.map(function(id) {
-                               return graph.entity(id);
-                           }).find(function(way) {
-                               return way.nodes.indexOf(structEndNode1.id) !== -1 &&
-                                   way.nodes.indexOf(structEndNode2.id) !== -1;
-                           });
+                 do {
+                   permID = nrw + ++nextID[nrw];
+                 } while (baseEntities.hasOwnProperty(permID));
 
-                           var tags = Object.assign({}, structureWay.tags); // copy tags
-                           if (bridgeOrTunnel === 'bridge'){
-                               tags.bridge = 'yes';
-                               tags.layer = '1';
-                           } else {
-                               var tunnelValue = 'yes';
-                               if (getFeatureType(structureWay, graph) === 'waterway') {
-                                   // use `tunnel=culvert` for waterways by default
-                                   tunnelValue = 'culvert';
-                               }
-                               tags.tunnel = tunnelValue;
-                               tags.layer = '-1';
-                           }
-                           // apply the structure tags to the way
-                           graph = actionChangeTags(structureWay.id, tags)(graph);
-                           return graph;
-                       };
+                 copy.id = permIDs[source.id] = permID;
+               }
 
-                       context.perform(action, _t('issues.fix.' + fixTitleID + '.annotation'));
-                       context.enter(modeSelect(context, resultWayIDs));
-                   }
-               });
-           }
+               return copy;
+             }
+           },
+           toJSON: function toJSON() {
+             if (!this.hasChanges()) return;
+             var allEntities = {};
+             var baseEntities = {};
+             var base = _stack[0];
 
-           function makeConnectWaysFix(connectionTags) {
+             var s = _stack.map(function (i) {
+               var modified = [];
+               var deleted = [];
+               Object.keys(i.graph.entities).forEach(function (id) {
+                 var entity = i.graph.entities[id];
 
-               var fixTitleID = 'connect_features';
-               if (connectionTags.ford) {
-                   fixTitleID = 'connect_using_ford';
-               }
+                 if (entity) {
+                   var key = osmEntity.key(entity);
+                   allEntities[key] = entity;
+                   modified.push(key);
+                 } else {
+                   deleted.push(id);
+                 } // make sure that the originals of changed or deleted entities get merged
+                 // into the base of the _stack after restoring the data from JSON.
 
-               return new validationIssueFix({
-                   icon: 'iD-icon-crossing',
-                   title: _t('issues.fix.' + fixTitleID + '.title'),
-                   onClick: function(context) {
-                       var loc = this.issue.loc;
-                       var connectionTags = this.issue.data.connectionTags;
-                       var edges = this.issue.data.edges;
 
-                       context.perform(
-                           function actionConnectCrossingWays(graph) {
-                               // create the new node for the points
-                               var node = osmNode({ loc: loc, tags: connectionTags });
-                               graph = graph.replace(node);
-
-                               var nodesToMerge = [node.id];
-                               var mergeThresholdInMeters = 0.75;
-
-                               edges.forEach(function(edge) {
-                                   var edgeNodes = [graph.entity(edge[0]), graph.entity(edge[1])];
-                                   var closestNodeInfo = geoSphericalClosestNode(edgeNodes, loc);
-                                   // if there is already a point nearby, use that
-                                   if (closestNodeInfo.distance < mergeThresholdInMeters) {
-                                       nodesToMerge.push(closestNodeInfo.node.id);
-                                   // else add the new node to the way
-                                   } else {
-                                       graph = actionAddMidpoint({loc: loc, edge: edge}, node)(graph);
-                                   }
-                               });
-
-                               if (nodesToMerge.length > 1) {
-                                   // if we're using nearby nodes, merge them with the new node
-                                   graph = actionMergeNodes(nodesToMerge, loc)(graph);
-                               }
-
-                               return graph;
-                           },
-                           _t('issues.fix.connect_crossing_features.annotation')
-                       );
-                   }
-               });
-           }
+                 if (id in base.graph.entities) {
+                   baseEntities[id] = base.graph.entities[id];
+                 }
 
-           function makeChangeLayerFix(higherOrLower) {
-               return new validationIssueFix({
-                   icon: 'iD-icon-' + (higherOrLower === 'higher' ? 'up' : 'down'),
-                   title: _t('issues.fix.tag_this_as_' + higherOrLower + '.title'),
-                   onClick: function(context) {
+                 if (entity && entity.nodes) {
+                   // get originals of pre-existing child nodes
+                   entity.nodes.forEach(function (nodeID) {
+                     if (nodeID in base.graph.entities) {
+                       baseEntities[nodeID] = base.graph.entities[nodeID];
+                     }
+                   });
+                 } // get originals of parent entities too
 
-                       var mode = context.mode();
-                       if (!mode || mode.id !== 'select') return;
 
-                       var selectedIDs = mode.selectedIDs();
-                       if (selectedIDs.length !== 1) return;
+                 var baseParents = base.graph._parentWays[id];
 
-                       var selectedID = selectedIDs[0];
-                       if (!this.issue.entityIds.some(function(entityId) {
-                           return entityId === selectedID;
-                       })) return;
+                 if (baseParents) {
+                   baseParents.forEach(function (parentID) {
+                     if (parentID in base.graph.entities) {
+                       baseEntities[parentID] = base.graph.entities[parentID];
+                     }
+                   });
+                 }
+               });
+               var x = {};
+               if (modified.length) x.modified = modified;
+               if (deleted.length) x.deleted = deleted;
+               if (i.imageryUsed) x.imageryUsed = i.imageryUsed;
+               if (i.photoOverlaysUsed) x.photoOverlaysUsed = i.photoOverlaysUsed;
+               if (i.annotation) x.annotation = i.annotation;
+               if (i.transform) x.transform = i.transform;
+               if (i.selectedIDs) x.selectedIDs = i.selectedIDs;
+               return x;
+             });
 
-                       var entity = context.hasEntity(selectedID);
-                       if (!entity) return;
+             return JSON.stringify({
+               version: 3,
+               entities: Object.values(allEntities),
+               baseEntities: Object.values(baseEntities),
+               stack: s,
+               nextIDs: osmEntity.id.next,
+               index: _index,
+               // note the time the changes were saved
+               timestamp: new Date().getTime()
+             });
+           },
+           fromJSON: function fromJSON(json, loadChildNodes) {
+             var h = JSON.parse(json);
+             var loadComplete = true;
+             osmEntity.id.next = h.nextIDs;
+             _index = h.index;
 
-                       var tags = Object.assign({}, entity.tags);   // shallow copy
-                       var layer = tags.layer && Number(tags.layer);
-                       if (layer && !isNaN(layer)) {
-                           if (higherOrLower === 'higher') {
-                               layer += 1;
-                           } else {
-                               layer -= 1;
-                           }
-                       } else {
-                           if (higherOrLower === 'higher') {
-                               layer = 1;
-                           } else {
-                               layer = -1;
-                           }
-                       }
-                       tags.layer = layer.toString();
-                       context.perform(
-                           actionChangeTags(entity.id, tags),
-                           _t('operations.change_tags.annotation')
-                       );
-                   }
+             if (h.version === 2 || h.version === 3) {
+               var allEntities = {};
+               h.entities.forEach(function (entity) {
+                 allEntities[osmEntity.key(entity)] = osmEntity(entity);
                });
-           }
 
-           validation.type = type;
+               if (h.version === 3) {
+                 // This merges originals for changed entities into the base of
+                 // the _stack even if the current _stack doesn't have them (for
+                 // example when iD has been restarted in a different region)
+                 var baseEntities = h.baseEntities.map(function (d) {
+                   return osmEntity(d);
+                 });
 
-           return validation;
-       }
+                 var stack = _stack.map(function (state) {
+                   return state.graph;
+                 });
 
-       function validationDisconnectedWay() {
-           var type = 'disconnected_way';
+                 _stack[0].graph.rebase(baseEntities, stack, true);
 
-           function isTaggedAsHighway(entity) {
-               return osmRoutableHighwayTagValues[entity.tags.highway];
-           }
+                 _tree.rebase(baseEntities, true); // When we restore a modified way, we also need to fetch any missing
+                 // childnodes that would normally have been downloaded with it.. #2142
 
-           var validation = function checkDisconnectedWay(entity, graph) {
 
-               var routingIslandWays = routingIslandForEntity(entity);
-               if (!routingIslandWays) return [];
+                 if (loadChildNodes) {
+                   var osm = context.connection();
+                   var baseWays = baseEntities.filter(function (e) {
+                     return e.type === 'way';
+                   });
+                   var nodeIDs = baseWays.reduce(function (acc, way) {
+                     return utilArrayUnion(acc, way.nodes);
+                   }, []);
+                   var missing = nodeIDs.filter(function (n) {
+                     return !_stack[0].graph.hasEntity(n);
+                   });
 
-               return [new validationIssue({
-                   type: type,
-                   subtype: 'highway',
-                   severity: 'warning',
-                   message: function(context) {
-                       if (this.entityIds.length === 1) {
-                           var entity = context.hasEntity(this.entityIds[0]);
-                           return entity ? _t('issues.disconnected_way.highway.message', { highway: utilDisplayLabel(entity, context.graph()) }) : '';
-                       }
-                       return _t('issues.disconnected_way.routable.message.multiple', { count: this.entityIds.length.toString() });
-                   },
-                   reference: showReference,
-                   entityIds: Array.from(routingIslandWays).map(function(way) { return way.id; }),
-                   dynamicFixes: makeFixes
-               })];
+                   if (missing.length && osm) {
+                     loadComplete = false;
+                     context.map().redrawEnable(false);
+                     var loading = uiLoading(context).blocking(true);
+                     context.container().call(loading);
 
+                     var childNodesLoaded = function childNodesLoaded(err, result) {
+                       if (!err) {
+                         var visibleGroups = utilArrayGroupBy(result.data, 'visible');
+                         var visibles = visibleGroups["true"] || []; // alive nodes
 
-               function makeFixes(context) {
+                         var invisibles = visibleGroups["false"] || []; // deleted nodes
 
-                   var fixes = [];
+                         if (visibles.length) {
+                           var visibleIDs = visibles.map(function (entity) {
+                             return entity.id;
+                           });
 
-                   var singleEntity = this.entityIds.length === 1 && context.hasEntity(this.entityIds[0]);
+                           var stack = _stack.map(function (state) {
+                             return state.graph;
+                           });
 
-                   if (singleEntity) {
+                           missing = utilArrayDifference(missing, visibleIDs);
 
-                       if (singleEntity.type === 'way' && !singleEntity.isClosed()) {
+                           _stack[0].graph.rebase(visibles, stack, true);
 
-                           var textDirection = _mainLocalizer.textDirection();
+                           _tree.rebase(visibles, true);
+                         } // fetch older versions of nodes that were deleted..
 
-                           var startFix = makeContinueDrawingFixIfAllowed(textDirection, singleEntity.first(), 'start');
-                           if (startFix) fixes.push(startFix);
 
-                           var endFix = makeContinueDrawingFixIfAllowed(textDirection, singleEntity.last(), 'end');
-                           if (endFix) fixes.push(endFix);
+                         invisibles.forEach(function (entity) {
+                           osm.loadEntityVersion(entity.id, +entity.version - 1, childNodesLoaded);
+                         });
                        }
-                       if (!fixes.length) {
-                           fixes.push(new validationIssueFix({
-                               title: _t('issues.fix.connect_feature.title')
-                           }));
+
+                       if (err || !missing.length) {
+                         loading.close();
+                         context.map().redrawEnable(true);
+                         dispatch.call('change');
+                         dispatch.call('restore', this);
                        }
+                     };
 
-                       fixes.push(new validationIssueFix({
-                           icon: 'iD-operation-delete',
-                           title: _t('issues.fix.delete_feature.title'),
-                           entityIds: [singleEntity.id],
-                           onClick: function(context) {
-                               var id = this.issue.entityIds[0];
-                               var operation = operationDelete(context, [id]);
-                               if (!operation.disabled()) {
-                                   operation();
-                               }
-                           }
-                       }));
-                   } else {
-                       fixes.push(new validationIssueFix({
-                           title: _t('issues.fix.connect_features.title')
-                       }));
+                     osm.loadMultiple(missing, childNodesLoaded);
                    }
-
-                   return fixes;
+                 }
                }
 
+               _stack = h.stack.map(function (d) {
+                 var entities = {},
+                     entity;
 
-               function showReference(selection) {
-                   selection.selectAll('.issue-reference')
-                       .data([0])
-                       .enter()
-                       .append('div')
-                       .attr('class', 'issue-reference')
-                       .text(_t('issues.disconnected_way.routable.reference'));
-               }
+                 if (d.modified) {
+                   d.modified.forEach(function (key) {
+                     entity = allEntities[key];
+                     entities[entity.id] = entity;
+                   });
+                 }
 
-               function routingIslandForEntity(entity) {
+                 if (d.deleted) {
+                   d.deleted.forEach(function (id) {
+                     entities[id] = undefined;
+                   });
+                 }
 
-                   var routingIsland = new Set();  // the interconnected routable features
-                   var waysToCheck = [];           // the queue of remaining routable ways to traverse
+                 return {
+                   graph: coreGraph(_stack[0].graph).load(entities),
+                   annotation: d.annotation,
+                   imageryUsed: d.imageryUsed,
+                   photoOverlaysUsed: d.photoOverlaysUsed,
+                   transform: d.transform,
+                   selectedIDs: d.selectedIDs
+                 };
+               });
+             } else {
+               // original version
+               _stack = h.stack.map(function (d) {
+                 var entities = {};
 
-                   function queueParentWays(node) {
-                       graph.parentWays(node).forEach(function(parentWay) {
-                           if (!routingIsland.has(parentWay) &&    // only check each feature once
-                               isRoutableWay(parentWay, false)) {  // only check routable features
-                               routingIsland.add(parentWay);
-                               waysToCheck.push(parentWay);
-                           }
-                       });
-                   }
+                 for (var i in d.entities) {
+                   var entity = d.entities[i];
+                   entities[i] = entity === 'undefined' ? undefined : osmEntity(entity);
+                 }
 
-                   if (entity.type === 'way' && isRoutableWay(entity, true)) {
+                 d.graph = coreGraph(_stack[0].graph).load(entities);
+                 return d;
+               });
+             }
 
-                       routingIsland.add(entity);
-                       waysToCheck.push(entity);
+             var transform = _stack[_index].transform;
 
-                   } else if (entity.type === 'node' && isRoutableNode(entity)) {
+             if (transform) {
+               context.map().transformEase(transform, 0); // 0 = immediate, no easing
+             }
 
-                       routingIsland.add(entity);
-                       queueParentWays(entity);
+             if (loadComplete) {
+               dispatch.call('change');
+               dispatch.call('restore', this);
+             }
 
-                   } else {
-                       // this feature isn't routable, cannot be a routing island
-                       return null;
-                   }
+             return history;
+           },
+           lock: function lock() {
+             return _lock.lock();
+           },
+           unlock: function unlock() {
+             _lock.unlock();
+           },
+           save: function save() {
+             if (_lock.locked() && // don't overwrite existing, unresolved changes
+             !_hasUnresolvedRestorableChanges) {
+               corePreferences(getKey('saved_history'), history.toJSON() || null);
+             }
 
-                   while (waysToCheck.length) {
-                       var wayToCheck = waysToCheck.pop();
-                       var childNodes = graph.childNodes(wayToCheck);
-                       for (var i in childNodes) {
-                           var vertex = childNodes[i];
+             return history;
+           },
+           // delete the history version saved in localStorage
+           clearSaved: function clearSaved() {
+             context.debouncedSave.cancel();
 
-                           if (isConnectedVertex(vertex)) {
-                               // found a link to the wider network, not a routing island
-                               return null;
-                           }
+             if (_lock.locked()) {
+               _hasUnresolvedRestorableChanges = false;
+               corePreferences(getKey('saved_history'), null); // clear the changeset metadata associated with the saved history
 
-                           if (isRoutableNode(vertex)) {
-                               routingIsland.add(vertex);
-                           }
+               corePreferences('comment', null);
+               corePreferences('hashtags', null);
+               corePreferences('source', null);
+             }
 
-                           queueParentWays(vertex);
-                       }
-                   }
+             return history;
+           },
+           savedHistoryJSON: function savedHistoryJSON() {
+             return corePreferences(getKey('saved_history'));
+           },
+           hasRestorableChanges: function hasRestorableChanges() {
+             return _hasUnresolvedRestorableChanges;
+           },
+           // load history from a version stored in localStorage
+           restore: function restore() {
+             if (_lock.locked()) {
+               _hasUnresolvedRestorableChanges = false;
+               var json = this.savedHistoryJSON();
+               if (json) history.fromJSON(json, true);
+             }
+           },
+           _getKey: getKey
+         };
+         history.reset();
+         return utilRebind(history, dispatch, 'on');
+       }
 
-                   // no network link found, this is a routing island, return its members
-                   return routingIsland;
-               }
+       /**
+        * Look for roads that can be connected to other roads with a short extension
+        */
 
-               function isConnectedVertex(vertex) {
-                   // assume ways overlapping unloaded tiles are connected to the wider road network  - #5938
-                   var osm = services.osm;
-                   if (osm && !osm.isDataLoaded(vertex.loc)) return true;
+       function validationAlmostJunction(context) {
+         var type = 'almost_junction';
+         var EXTEND_TH_METERS = 5;
+         var WELD_TH_METERS = 0.75; // Comes from considering bounding case of parallel ways
 
-                   // entrances are considered connected
-                   if (vertex.tags.entrance &&
-                       vertex.tags.entrance !== 'no') return true;
-                   if (vertex.tags.amenity === 'parking_entrance') return true;
+         var CLOSE_NODE_TH = EXTEND_TH_METERS - WELD_TH_METERS; // Comes from considering bounding case of perpendicular ways
 
-                   return false;
-               }
+         var SIG_ANGLE_TH = Math.atan(WELD_TH_METERS / EXTEND_TH_METERS);
 
-               function isRoutableNode(node) {
-                   // treat elevators as distinct features in the highway network
-                   if (node.tags.highway === 'elevator') return true;
-                   return false;
-               }
+         function isHighway(entity) {
+           return entity.type === 'way' && osmRoutableHighwayTagValues[entity.tags.highway];
+         }
 
-               function isRoutableWay(way, ignoreInnerWays) {
-                   if (isTaggedAsHighway(way) || way.tags.route === 'ferry') return true;
+         function isTaggedAsNotContinuing(node) {
+           return node.tags.noexit === 'yes' || node.tags.amenity === 'parking_entrance' || node.tags.entrance && node.tags.entrance !== 'no';
+         }
 
-                   return graph.parentRelations(way).some(function(parentRelation) {
-                       if (parentRelation.tags.type === 'route' &&
-                           parentRelation.tags.route === 'ferry') return true;
+         var validation = function checkAlmostJunction(entity, graph) {
+           if (!isHighway(entity)) return [];
+           if (entity.isDegenerate()) return [];
+           var tree = context.history().tree();
+           var extendableNodeInfos = findConnectableEndNodesByExtension(entity);
+           var issues = [];
+           extendableNodeInfos.forEach(function (extendableNodeInfo) {
+             issues.push(new validationIssue({
+               type: type,
+               subtype: 'highway-highway',
+               severity: 'warning',
+               message: function message(context) {
+                 var entity1 = context.hasEntity(this.entityIds[0]);
 
-                       if (parentRelation.isMultipolygon() &&
-                           isTaggedAsHighway(parentRelation) &&
-                           (!ignoreInnerWays || parentRelation.memberById(way.id).role !== 'inner')) return true;
-                   });
-               }
+                 if (this.entityIds[0] === this.entityIds[2]) {
+                   return entity1 ? _t.html('issues.almost_junction.self.message', {
+                     feature: utilDisplayLabel(entity1, context.graph())
+                   }) : '';
+                 } else {
+                   var entity2 = context.hasEntity(this.entityIds[2]);
+                   return entity1 && entity2 ? _t.html('issues.almost_junction.message', {
+                     feature: utilDisplayLabel(entity1, context.graph()),
+                     feature2: utilDisplayLabel(entity2, context.graph())
+                   }) : '';
+                 }
+               },
+               reference: showReference,
+               entityIds: [entity.id, extendableNodeInfo.node.id, extendableNodeInfo.wid],
+               loc: extendableNodeInfo.node.loc,
+               hash: JSON.stringify(extendableNodeInfo.node.loc),
+               data: {
+                 midId: extendableNodeInfo.mid.id,
+                 edge: extendableNodeInfo.edge,
+                 cross_loc: extendableNodeInfo.cross_loc
+               },
+               dynamicFixes: makeFixes
+             }));
+           });
+           return issues;
 
-               function makeContinueDrawingFixIfAllowed(textDirection, vertexID, whichEnd) {
-                   var vertex = graph.hasEntity(vertexID);
-                   if (!vertex || vertex.tags.noexit === 'yes') return null;
+           function makeFixes(context) {
+             var fixes = [new validationIssueFix({
+               icon: 'iD-icon-abutment',
+               title: _t.html('issues.fix.connect_features.title'),
+               onClick: function onClick(context) {
+                 var annotation = _t('issues.fix.connect_almost_junction.annotation');
 
-                   var useLeftContinue = (whichEnd === 'start' && textDirection === 'ltr') ||
-                       (whichEnd === 'end' && textDirection === 'rtl');
+                 var _this$issue$entityIds = _slicedToArray(this.issue.entityIds, 3),
+                     endNodeId = _this$issue$entityIds[1],
+                     crossWayId = _this$issue$entityIds[2];
 
-                   return new validationIssueFix({
-                       icon: 'iD-operation-continue' + (useLeftContinue ? '-left' : ''),
-                       title: _t('issues.fix.continue_from_' + whichEnd + '.title'),
-                       entityIds: [vertexID],
-                       onClick: function(context) {
-                           var wayId = this.issue.entityIds[0];
-                           var way = context.hasEntity(wayId);
-                           var vertexId = this.entityIds[0];
-                           var vertex = context.hasEntity(vertexId);
+                 var midNode = context.entity(this.issue.data.midId);
+                 var endNode = context.entity(endNodeId);
+                 var crossWay = context.entity(crossWayId); // When endpoints are close, just join if resulting small change in angle (#7201)
 
-                           if (!way || !vertex) return;
+                 var nearEndNodes = findNearbyEndNodes(endNode, crossWay);
 
-                           // make sure the vertex is actually visible and editable
-                           var map = context.map();
-                           if (!context.editable() || !map.trimmedExtent().contains(vertex.loc)) {
-                               map.zoomToEase(vertex);
-                           }
+                 if (nearEndNodes.length > 0) {
+                   var collinear = findSmallJoinAngle(midNode, endNode, nearEndNodes);
 
-                           context.enter(
-                               modeDrawLine(context, wayId, context.graph(), 'line', way.affix(vertexId), true)
-                           );
-                       }
-                   });
+                   if (collinear) {
+                     context.perform(actionMergeNodes([collinear.id, endNode.id], collinear.loc), annotation);
+                     return;
+                   }
+                 }
+
+                 var targetEdge = this.issue.data.edge;
+                 var crossLoc = this.issue.data.cross_loc;
+                 var edgeNodes = [context.entity(targetEdge[0]), context.entity(targetEdge[1])];
+                 var closestNodeInfo = geoSphericalClosestNode(edgeNodes, crossLoc); // already a point nearby, just connect to that
+
+                 if (closestNodeInfo.distance < WELD_TH_METERS) {
+                   context.perform(actionMergeNodes([closestNodeInfo.node.id, endNode.id], closestNodeInfo.node.loc), annotation); // else add the end node to the edge way
+                 } else {
+                   context.perform(actionAddMidpoint({
+                     loc: crossLoc,
+                     edge: targetEdge
+                   }, endNode), annotation);
+                 }
                }
+             })];
+             var node = context.hasEntity(this.entityIds[1]);
 
-           };
+             if (node && !node.hasInterestingTags()) {
+               // node has no descriptive tags, suggest noexit fix
+               fixes.push(new validationIssueFix({
+                 icon: 'maki-barrier',
+                 title: _t.html('issues.fix.tag_as_disconnected.title'),
+                 onClick: function onClick(context) {
+                   var nodeID = this.issue.entityIds[1];
+                   var tags = Object.assign({}, context.entity(nodeID).tags);
+                   tags.noexit = 'yes';
+                   context.perform(actionChangeTags(nodeID, tags), _t('issues.fix.tag_as_disconnected.annotation'));
+                 }
+               }));
+             }
 
-           validation.type = type;
+             return fixes;
+           }
 
-           return validation;
-       }
+           function showReference(selection) {
+             selection.selectAll('.issue-reference').data([0]).enter().append('div').attr('class', 'issue-reference').html(_t.html('issues.almost_junction.highway-highway.reference'));
+           }
 
-       function validationFormatting() {
-           var type = 'invalid_format';
+           function isExtendableCandidate(node, way) {
+             // can not accurately test vertices on tiles not downloaded from osm - #5938
+             var osm = services.osm;
 
-           var validation = function(entity) {
-               var issues = [];
+             if (osm && !osm.isDataLoaded(node.loc)) {
+               return false;
+             }
 
-               function isValidEmail(email) {
-                   // Emails in OSM are going to be official so they should be pretty simple
-                   // Using negated lists to better support all possible unicode characters (#6494)
-                   var valid_email = /^[^\(\)\\,":;<>@\[\]]+@[^\(\)\\,":;<>@\[\]\.]+(?:\.[a-z0-9-]+)*$/i;
+             if (isTaggedAsNotContinuing(node) || graph.parentWays(node).length !== 1) {
+               return false;
+             }
 
-                   // An empty value is also acceptable
-                   return (!email || valid_email.test(email));
-               }
-               /*
-               function isSchemePresent(url) {
-                   var valid_scheme = /^https?:\/\//i;
-                   return (!url || valid_scheme.test(url));
-               }
-               */
-               function showReferenceEmail(selection) {
-                   selection.selectAll('.issue-reference')
-                       .data([0])
-                       .enter()
-                       .append('div')
-                       .attr('class', 'issue-reference')
-                       .text(_t('issues.invalid_format.email.reference'));
-               }
-               /*
-               function showReferenceWebsite(selection) {
-                   selection.selectAll('.issue-reference')
-                       .data([0])
-                       .enter()
-                       .append('div')
-                       .attr('class', 'issue-reference')
-                       .text(t('issues.invalid_format.website.reference'));
-               }
-
-               if (entity.tags.website) {
-                   // Multiple websites are possible
-                   // If ever we support ES6, arrow functions make this nicer
-                   var websites = entity.tags.website
-                       .split(';')
-                       .map(function(s) { return s.trim(); })
-                       .filter(function(x) { return !isSchemePresent(x); });
-
-                   if (websites.length) {
-                       issues.push(new validationIssue({
-                           type: type,
-                           subtype: 'website',
-                           severity: 'warning',
-                           message: function(context) {
-                               var entity = context.hasEntity(this.entityIds[0]);
-                               return entity ? t('issues.invalid_format.website.message' + this.data,
-                                   { feature: utilDisplayLabel(entity, context.graph()), site: websites.join(', ') }) : '';
-                           },
-                           reference: showReferenceWebsite,
-                           entityIds: [entity.id],
-                           hash: websites.join(),
-                           data: (websites.length > 1) ? '_multi' : ''
-                       }));
-                   }
-               }
-               */
-               if (entity.tags.email) {
-                   // Multiple emails are possible
-                   var emails = entity.tags.email
-                       .split(';')
-                       .map(function(s) { return s.trim(); })
-                       .filter(function(x) { return !isValidEmail(x); });
-
-                   if (emails.length) {
-                       issues.push(new validationIssue({
-                           type: type,
-                           subtype: 'email',
-                           severity: 'warning',
-                           message: function(context) {
-                               var entity = context.hasEntity(this.entityIds[0]);
-                               return entity ? _t('issues.invalid_format.email.message' + this.data,
-                                   { feature: utilDisplayLabel(entity, context.graph()), email: emails.join(', ') }) : '';
-                           },
-                           reference: showReferenceEmail,
-                           entityIds: [entity.id],
-                           hash: emails.join(),
-                           data: (emails.length > 1) ? '_multi' : ''
-                       }));
-                   }
-               }
+             var occurrences = 0;
 
-               return issues;
-           };
+             for (var index in way.nodes) {
+               if (way.nodes[index] === node.id) {
+                 occurrences += 1;
 
-           validation.type = type;
+                 if (occurrences > 1) {
+                   return false;
+                 }
+               }
+             }
 
-           return validation;
-       }
+             return true;
+           }
 
-       function validationHelpRequest(context) {
-           var type = 'help_request';
+           function findConnectableEndNodesByExtension(way) {
+             var results = [];
+             if (way.isClosed()) return results;
+             var testNodes;
+             var indices = [0, way.nodes.length - 1];
+             indices.forEach(function (nodeIndex) {
+               var nodeID = way.nodes[nodeIndex];
+               var node = graph.entity(nodeID);
+               if (!isExtendableCandidate(node, way)) return;
+               var connectionInfo = canConnectByExtend(way, nodeIndex);
+               if (!connectionInfo) return;
+               testNodes = graph.childNodes(way).slice(); // shallow copy
 
-           var validation = function checkFixmeTag(entity) {
+               testNodes[nodeIndex] = testNodes[nodeIndex].move(connectionInfo.cross_loc); // don't flag issue if connecting the ways would cause self-intersection
 
-               if (!entity.tags.fixme) return [];
+               if (geoHasSelfIntersections(testNodes, nodeID)) return;
+               results.push(connectionInfo);
+             });
+             return results;
+           }
 
-               // don't flag fixmes on features added by the user
-               if (entity.version === undefined) return [];
+           function findNearbyEndNodes(node, way) {
+             return [way.nodes[0], way.nodes[way.nodes.length - 1]].map(function (d) {
+               return graph.entity(d);
+             }).filter(function (d) {
+               // Node cannot be near to itself, but other endnode of same way could be
+               return d.id !== node.id && geoSphericalDistance(node.loc, d.loc) <= CLOSE_NODE_TH;
+             });
+           }
 
-               if (entity.v !== undefined) {
-                   var baseEntity = context.history().base().hasEntity(entity.id);
-                   // don't flag fixmes added by the user on existing features
-                   if (!baseEntity || !baseEntity.tags.fixme) return [];
-               }
+           function findSmallJoinAngle(midNode, tipNode, endNodes) {
+             // Both nodes could be close, so want to join whichever is closest to collinear
+             var joinTo;
+             var minAngle = Infinity; // Checks midNode -> tipNode -> endNode for collinearity
 
-               return [new validationIssue({
-                   type: type,
-                   subtype: 'fixme_tag',
-                   severity: 'warning',
-                   message: function(context) {
-                       var entity = context.hasEntity(this.entityIds[0]);
-                       return entity ? _t('issues.fixme_tag.message', { feature: utilDisplayLabel(entity, context.graph()) }) : '';
-                   },
-                   dynamicFixes: function() {
-                       return [
-                           new validationIssueFix({
-                               title: _t('issues.fix.address_the_concern.title')
-                           })
-                       ];
-                   },
-                   reference: showReference,
-                   entityIds: [entity.id]
-               })];
+             endNodes.forEach(function (endNode) {
+               var a1 = geoAngle(midNode, tipNode, context.projection) + Math.PI;
+               var a2 = geoAngle(midNode, endNode, context.projection) + Math.PI;
+               var diff = Math.max(a1, a2) - Math.min(a1, a2);
 
-               function showReference(selection) {
-                   selection.selectAll('.issue-reference')
-                       .data([0])
-                       .enter()
-                       .append('div')
-                       .attr('class', 'issue-reference')
-                       .text(_t('issues.fixme_tag.reference'));
+               if (diff < minAngle) {
+                 joinTo = endNode;
+                 minAngle = diff;
                }
-           };
+             });
+             /* Threshold set by considering right angle triangle
+             based on node joining threshold and extension distance */
 
-           validation.type = type;
+             if (minAngle <= SIG_ANGLE_TH) return joinTo;
+             return null;
+           }
 
-           return validation;
-       }
+           function hasTag(tags, key) {
+             return tags[key] !== undefined && tags[key] !== 'no';
+           }
 
-       function validationImpossibleOneway() {
-           var type = 'impossible_oneway';
+           function canConnectWays(way, way2) {
+             // allow self-connections
+             if (way.id === way2.id) return true; // if one is bridge or tunnel, both must be bridge or tunnel
 
-           var validation = function checkImpossibleOneway(entity, graph) {
+             if ((hasTag(way.tags, 'bridge') || hasTag(way2.tags, 'bridge')) && !(hasTag(way.tags, 'bridge') && hasTag(way2.tags, 'bridge'))) return false;
+             if ((hasTag(way.tags, 'tunnel') || hasTag(way2.tags, 'tunnel')) && !(hasTag(way.tags, 'tunnel') && hasTag(way2.tags, 'tunnel'))) return false; // must have equivalent layers and levels
 
-               if (entity.type !== 'way' || entity.geometry(graph) !== 'line') return [];
+             var layer1 = way.tags.layer || '0',
+                 layer2 = way2.tags.layer || '0';
+             if (layer1 !== layer2) return false;
+             var level1 = way.tags.level || '0',
+                 level2 = way2.tags.level || '0';
+             if (level1 !== level2) return false;
+             return true;
+           }
 
-               if (entity.isClosed()) return [];
+           function canConnectByExtend(way, endNodeIdx) {
+             var tipNid = way.nodes[endNodeIdx]; // the 'tip' node for extension point
 
-               if (!typeForWay(entity)) return [];
+             var midNid = endNodeIdx === 0 ? way.nodes[1] : way.nodes[way.nodes.length - 2]; // the other node of the edge
 
-               if (!isOneway(entity)) return [];
+             var tipNode = graph.entity(tipNid);
+             var midNode = graph.entity(midNid);
+             var lon = tipNode.loc[0];
+             var lat = tipNode.loc[1];
+             var lon_range = geoMetersToLon(EXTEND_TH_METERS, lat) / 2;
+             var lat_range = geoMetersToLat(EXTEND_TH_METERS) / 2;
+             var queryExtent = geoExtent([[lon - lon_range, lat - lat_range], [lon + lon_range, lat + lat_range]]); // first, extend the edge of [midNode -> tipNode] by EXTEND_TH_METERS and find the "extended tip" location
 
-               var firstIssues = issuesForNode(entity, entity.first());
-               var lastIssues = issuesForNode(entity, entity.last());
+             var edgeLen = geoSphericalDistance(midNode.loc, tipNode.loc);
+             var t = EXTEND_TH_METERS / edgeLen + 1.0;
+             var extTipLoc = geoVecInterp(midNode.loc, tipNode.loc, t); // then, check if the extension part [tipNode.loc -> extTipLoc] intersects any other ways
 
-               return firstIssues.concat(lastIssues);
+             var segmentInfos = tree.waySegments(queryExtent, graph);
 
-               function typeForWay(way) {
-                   if (way.geometry(graph) !== 'line') return null;
+             for (var i = 0; i < segmentInfos.length; i++) {
+               var segmentInfo = segmentInfos[i];
+               var way2 = graph.entity(segmentInfo.wayId);
+               if (!isHighway(way2)) continue;
+               if (!canConnectWays(way, way2)) continue;
+               var nAid = segmentInfo.nodes[0],
+                   nBid = segmentInfo.nodes[1];
+               if (nAid === tipNid || nBid === tipNid) continue;
+               var nA = graph.entity(nAid),
+                   nB = graph.entity(nBid);
+               var crossLoc = geoLineIntersection([tipNode.loc, extTipLoc], [nA.loc, nB.loc]);
 
-                   if (osmRoutableHighwayTagValues[way.tags.highway]) return 'highway';
-                   if (osmFlowingWaterwayTagValues[way.tags.waterway]) return 'waterway';
-                   return null;
+               if (crossLoc) {
+                 return {
+                   mid: midNode,
+                   node: tipNode,
+                   wid: way2.id,
+                   edge: [nA.id, nB.id],
+                   cross_loc: crossLoc
+                 };
                }
+             }
 
-               function isOneway(way) {
-                   if (way.tags.oneway === 'yes') return true;
-                   if (way.tags.oneway) return false;
+             return null;
+           }
+         };
 
-                   for (var key in way.tags) {
-                       if (osmOneWayTags[key] && osmOneWayTags[key][way.tags[key]]) {
-                           return true;
-                       }
-                   }
-                   return false;
-               }
+         validation.type = type;
+         return validation;
+       }
+
+       function validationCloseNodes(context) {
+         var type = 'close_nodes';
+         var pointThresholdMeters = 0.2;
+
+         var validation = function validation(entity, graph) {
+           if (entity.type === 'node') {
+             return getIssuesForNode(entity);
+           } else if (entity.type === 'way') {
+             return getIssuesForWay(entity);
+           }
 
-               function nodeOccursMoreThanOnce(way, nodeID) {
-                   var occurences = 0;
-                   for (var index in way.nodes) {
-                       if (way.nodes[index] === nodeID) {
-                           occurences += 1;
-                           if (occurences > 1) return true;
-                       }
-                   }
-                   return false;
-               }
+           return [];
 
-               function isConnectedViaOtherTypes(way, node) {
+           function getIssuesForNode(node) {
+             var parentWays = graph.parentWays(node);
 
-                   var wayType = typeForWay(way);
+             if (parentWays.length) {
+               return getIssuesForVertex(node, parentWays);
+             } else {
+               return getIssuesForDetachedPoint(node);
+             }
+           }
 
-                   if (wayType === 'highway') {
-                       // entrances are considered connected
-                       if (node.tags.entrance && node.tags.entrance !== 'no') return true;
-                       if (node.tags.amenity === 'parking_entrance') return true;
-                   } else if (wayType === 'waterway') {
-                       if (node.id === way.first()) {
-                           // multiple waterways may start at the same spring
-                           if (node.tags.natural === 'spring') return true;
-                       } else {
-                           // multiple waterways may end at the same drain
-                           if (node.tags.manhole === 'drain') return true;
-                       }
-                   }
+           function wayTypeFor(way) {
+             if (way.tags.boundary && way.tags.boundary !== 'no') return 'boundary';
+             if (way.tags.indoor && way.tags.indoor !== 'no') return 'indoor';
+             if (way.tags.building && way.tags.building !== 'no' || way.tags['building:part'] && way.tags['building:part'] !== 'no') return 'building';
+             if (osmPathHighwayTagValues[way.tags.highway]) return 'path';
+             var parentRelations = graph.parentRelations(way);
 
-                   return graph.parentWays(node).some(function(parentWay) {
-                       if (parentWay.id === way.id) return false;
+             for (var i in parentRelations) {
+               var relation = parentRelations[i];
+               if (relation.tags.type === 'boundary') return 'boundary';
 
-                       if (wayType === 'highway') {
+               if (relation.isMultipolygon()) {
+                 if (relation.tags.indoor && relation.tags.indoor !== 'no') return 'indoor';
+                 if (relation.tags.building && relation.tags.building !== 'no' || relation.tags['building:part'] && relation.tags['building:part'] !== 'no') return 'building';
+               }
+             }
 
-                           // allow connections to highway areas
-                           if (parentWay.geometry(graph) === 'area' &&
-                               osmRoutableHighwayTagValues[parentWay.tags.highway]) return true;
+             return 'other';
+           }
 
-                           // count connections to ferry routes as connected
-                           if (parentWay.tags.route === 'ferry') return true;
+           function shouldCheckWay(way) {
+             // don't flag issues where merging would create degenerate ways
+             if (way.nodes.length <= 2 || way.isClosed() && way.nodes.length <= 4) return false;
+             var bbox = way.extent(graph).bbox();
+             var hypotenuseMeters = geoSphericalDistance([bbox.minX, bbox.minY], [bbox.maxX, bbox.maxY]); // don't flag close nodes in very small ways
 
-                           return graph.parentRelations(parentWay).some(function(parentRelation) {
-                               if (parentRelation.tags.type === 'route' &&
-                                   parentRelation.tags.route === 'ferry') return true;
+             if (hypotenuseMeters < 1.5) return false;
+             return true;
+           }
 
-                               // allow connections to highway multipolygons
-                               return parentRelation.isMultipolygon() && osmRoutableHighwayTagValues[parentRelation.tags.highway];
-                           });
-                       } else if (wayType === 'waterway') {
-                           // multiple waterways may start or end at a water body at the same node
-                           if (parentWay.tags.natural === 'water' ||
-                               parentWay.tags.natural === 'coastline') return true;
-                       }
-                       return false;
-                   });
-               }
+           function getIssuesForWay(way) {
+             if (!shouldCheckWay(way)) return [];
+             var issues = [],
+                 nodes = graph.childNodes(way);
 
-               function issuesForNode(way, nodeID) {
+             for (var i = 0; i < nodes.length - 1; i++) {
+               var node1 = nodes[i];
+               var node2 = nodes[i + 1];
+               var issue = getWayIssueIfAny(node1, node2, way);
+               if (issue) issues.push(issue);
+             }
 
-                   var isFirst = nodeID === way.first();
+             return issues;
+           }
 
-                   var wayType = typeForWay(way);
+           function getIssuesForVertex(node, parentWays) {
+             var issues = [];
 
-                   // ignore if this way is self-connected at this node
-                   if (nodeOccursMoreThanOnce(way, nodeID)) return [];
+             function checkForCloseness(node1, node2, way) {
+               var issue = getWayIssueIfAny(node1, node2, way);
+               if (issue) issues.push(issue);
+             }
 
-                   var osm = services.osm;
-                   if (!osm) return [];
+             for (var i = 0; i < parentWays.length; i++) {
+               var parentWay = parentWays[i];
+               if (!shouldCheckWay(parentWay)) continue;
+               var lastIndex = parentWay.nodes.length - 1;
 
-                   var node = graph.hasEntity(nodeID);
+               for (var j = 0; j < parentWay.nodes.length; j++) {
+                 if (j !== 0) {
+                   if (parentWay.nodes[j - 1] === node.id) {
+                     checkForCloseness(node, graph.entity(parentWay.nodes[j]), parentWay);
+                   }
+                 }
 
-                   // ignore if this node or its tile are unloaded
-                   if (!node || !osm.isDataLoaded(node.loc)) return [];
+                 if (j !== lastIndex) {
+                   if (parentWay.nodes[j + 1] === node.id) {
+                     checkForCloseness(graph.entity(parentWay.nodes[j]), node, parentWay);
+                   }
+                 }
+               }
+             }
 
-                   if (isConnectedViaOtherTypes(way, node)) return [];
+             return issues;
+           }
 
-                   var attachedWaysOfSameType = graph.parentWays(node).filter(function(parentWay) {
-                       if (parentWay.id === way.id) return false;
-                       return typeForWay(parentWay) === wayType;
-                   });
+           function thresholdMetersForWay(way) {
+             if (!shouldCheckWay(way)) return 0;
+             var wayType = wayTypeFor(way); // don't flag boundaries since they might be highly detailed and can't be easily verified
 
-                   // assume it's okay for waterways to start or end disconnected for now
-                   if (wayType === 'waterway' && attachedWaysOfSameType.length === 0) return [];
+             if (wayType === 'boundary') return 0; // expect some features to be mapped with higher levels of detail
 
-                   var attachedOneways = attachedWaysOfSameType.filter(function(attachedWay) {
-                       return isOneway(attachedWay);
-                   });
+             if (wayType === 'indoor') return 0.01;
+             if (wayType === 'building') return 0.05;
+             if (wayType === 'path') return 0.1;
+             return 0.2;
+           }
 
-                   // ignore if the way is connected to some non-oneway features
-                   if (attachedOneways.length < attachedWaysOfSameType.length) return [];
+           function getIssuesForDetachedPoint(node) {
+             var issues = [];
+             var lon = node.loc[0];
+             var lat = node.loc[1];
+             var lon_range = geoMetersToLon(pointThresholdMeters, lat) / 2;
+             var lat_range = geoMetersToLat(pointThresholdMeters) / 2;
+             var queryExtent = geoExtent([[lon - lon_range, lat - lat_range], [lon + lon_range, lat + lat_range]]);
+             var intersected = context.history().tree().intersects(queryExtent, graph);
 
-                   if (attachedOneways.length) {
-                       var connectedEndpointsOkay = attachedOneways.some(function(attachedOneway) {
-                           if ((isFirst ? attachedOneway.first() : attachedOneway.last()) !== nodeID) return true;
-                           if (nodeOccursMoreThanOnce(attachedOneway, nodeID)) return true;
-                           return false;
-                       });
-                       if (connectedEndpointsOkay) return [];
-                   }
+             for (var j = 0; j < intersected.length; j++) {
+               var nearby = intersected[j];
+               if (nearby.id === node.id) continue;
+               if (nearby.type !== 'node' || nearby.geometry(graph) !== 'point') continue;
 
-                   var placement = isFirst ? 'start' : 'end',
-                       messageID = wayType + '.',
-                       referenceID = wayType + '.';
+               if (nearby.loc === node.loc || geoSphericalDistance(node.loc, nearby.loc) < pointThresholdMeters) {
+                 // allow very close points if tags indicate the z-axis might vary
+                 var zAxisKeys = {
+                   layer: true,
+                   level: true,
+                   'addr:housenumber': true,
+                   'addr:unit': true
+                 };
+                 var zAxisDifferentiates = false;
 
-                   if (wayType === 'waterway') {
-                       messageID += 'connected.' + placement;
-                       referenceID += 'connected';
-                   } else {
-                       messageID += placement;
-                       referenceID += placement;
-                   }
+                 for (var key in zAxisKeys) {
+                   var nodeValue = node.tags[key] || '0';
+                   var nearbyValue = nearby.tags[key] || '0';
 
-                   return [new validationIssue({
-                       type: type,
-                       subtype: wayType,
-                       severity: 'warning',
-                       message: function(context) {
-                           var entity = context.hasEntity(this.entityIds[0]);
-                           return entity ? _t('issues.impossible_oneway.' + messageID + '.message', {
-                               feature: utilDisplayLabel(entity, context.graph())
-                           }) : '';
-                       },
-                       reference: getReference(referenceID),
-                       entityIds: [way.id, node.id],
-                       dynamicFixes: function() {
-
-                           var fixes = [];
-
-                           if (attachedOneways.length) {
-                               fixes.push(new validationIssueFix({
-                                   icon: 'iD-operation-reverse',
-                                   title: _t('issues.fix.reverse_feature.title'),
-                                   entityIds: [way.id],
-                                   onClick: function(context) {
-                                       var id = this.issue.entityIds[0];
-                                       context.perform(actionReverse(id), _t('operations.reverse.annotation'));
-                                   }
-                               }));
-                           }
-                           if (node.tags.noexit !== 'yes') {
-                               var textDirection = _mainLocalizer.textDirection();
-                               var useLeftContinue = (isFirst && textDirection === 'ltr') ||
-                                   (!isFirst && textDirection === 'rtl');
-                               fixes.push(new validationIssueFix({
-                                   icon: 'iD-operation-continue' + (useLeftContinue ? '-left' : ''),
-                                   title: _t('issues.fix.continue_from_' + (isFirst ? 'start' : 'end') + '.title'),
-                                   onClick: function(context) {
-                                       var entityID = this.issue.entityIds[0];
-                                       var vertexID = this.issue.entityIds[1];
-                                       var way = context.entity(entityID);
-                                       var vertex = context.entity(vertexID);
-                                       continueDrawing(way, vertex, context);
-                                   }
-                               }));
-                           }
+                   if (nodeValue !== nearbyValue) {
+                     zAxisDifferentiates = true;
+                     break;
+                   }
+                 }
 
-                           return fixes;
-                       },
-                       loc: node.loc
-                   })];
-
-                   function getReference(referenceID) {
-                       return function showReference(selection) {
-                           selection.selectAll('.issue-reference')
-                               .data([0])
-                               .enter()
-                               .append('div')
-                               .attr('class', 'issue-reference')
-                               .text(_t('issues.impossible_oneway.' + referenceID + '.reference'));
-                       };
+                 if (zAxisDifferentiates) continue;
+                 issues.push(new validationIssue({
+                   type: type,
+                   subtype: 'detached',
+                   severity: 'warning',
+                   message: function message(context) {
+                     var entity = context.hasEntity(this.entityIds[0]),
+                         entity2 = context.hasEntity(this.entityIds[1]);
+                     return entity && entity2 ? _t.html('issues.close_nodes.detached.message', {
+                       feature: utilDisplayLabel(entity, context.graph()),
+                       feature2: utilDisplayLabel(entity2, context.graph())
+                     }) : '';
+                   },
+                   reference: showReference,
+                   entityIds: [node.id, nearby.id],
+                   dynamicFixes: function dynamicFixes() {
+                     return [new validationIssueFix({
+                       icon: 'iD-operation-disconnect',
+                       title: _t.html('issues.fix.move_points_apart.title')
+                     }), new validationIssueFix({
+                       icon: 'iD-icon-layers',
+                       title: _t.html('issues.fix.use_different_layers_or_levels.title')
+                     })];
                    }
+                 }));
                }
-           };
+             }
 
-           function continueDrawing(way, vertex, context) {
-               // make sure the vertex is actually visible and editable
-               var map = context.map();
-               if (!context.editable() || !map.trimmedExtent().contains(vertex.loc)) {
-                   map.zoomToEase(vertex);
-               }
+             return issues;
 
-               context.enter(
-                   modeDrawLine(context, way.id, context.graph(), 'line', way.affix(vertex.id), true)
-               );
+             function showReference(selection) {
+               var referenceText = _t('issues.close_nodes.detached.reference');
+               selection.selectAll('.issue-reference').data([0]).enter().append('div').attr('class', 'issue-reference').html(referenceText);
+             }
            }
 
-           validation.type = type;
+           function getWayIssueIfAny(node1, node2, way) {
+             if (node1.id === node2.id || node1.hasInterestingTags() && node2.hasInterestingTags()) {
+               return null;
+             }
 
-           return validation;
-       }
+             if (node1.loc !== node2.loc) {
+               var parentWays1 = graph.parentWays(node1);
+               var parentWays2 = new Set(graph.parentWays(node2));
+               var sharedWays = parentWays1.filter(function (parentWay) {
+                 return parentWays2.has(parentWay);
+               });
+               var thresholds = sharedWays.map(function (parentWay) {
+                 return thresholdMetersForWay(parentWay);
+               });
+               var threshold = Math.min.apply(Math, _toConsumableArray(thresholds));
+               var distance = geoSphericalDistance(node1.loc, node2.loc);
+               if (distance > threshold) return null;
+             }
 
-       function validationIncompatibleSource() {
-           var type = 'incompatible_source';
-           var invalidSources = [
-               {
-                   id:'google', regex:'google', exceptRegex: 'books.google|Google Books|drive.google|googledrive|Google Drive'
+             return new validationIssue({
+               type: type,
+               subtype: 'vertices',
+               severity: 'warning',
+               message: function message(context) {
+                 var entity = context.hasEntity(this.entityIds[0]);
+                 return entity ? _t.html('issues.close_nodes.message', {
+                   way: utilDisplayLabel(entity, context.graph())
+                 }) : '';
+               },
+               reference: showReference,
+               entityIds: [way.id, node1.id, node2.id],
+               loc: node1.loc,
+               dynamicFixes: function dynamicFixes() {
+                 return [new validationIssueFix({
+                   icon: 'iD-icon-plus',
+                   title: _t.html('issues.fix.merge_points.title'),
+                   onClick: function onClick(context) {
+                     var entityIds = this.issue.entityIds;
+                     var action = actionMergeNodes([entityIds[1], entityIds[2]]);
+                     context.perform(action, _t('issues.fix.merge_close_vertices.annotation'));
+                   }
+                 }), new validationIssueFix({
+                   icon: 'iD-operation-disconnect',
+                   title: _t.html('issues.fix.move_points_apart.title')
+                 })];
                }
-           ];
+             });
 
-           var validation = function checkIncompatibleSource(entity) {
+             function showReference(selection) {
+               var referenceText = _t('issues.close_nodes.reference');
+               selection.selectAll('.issue-reference').data([0]).enter().append('div').attr('class', 'issue-reference').html(referenceText);
+             }
+           }
+         };
 
-               var entitySources = entity.tags && entity.tags.source && entity.tags.source.split(';');
+         validation.type = type;
+         return validation;
+       }
 
-               if (!entitySources) return [];
+       function validationCrossingWays(context) {
+         var type = 'crossing_ways'; // returns the way or its parent relation, whichever has a useful feature type
 
-               var issues = [];
+         function getFeatureWithFeatureTypeTagsForWay(way, graph) {
+           if (getFeatureType(way, graph) === null) {
+             // if the way doesn't match a feature type, check its parent relations
+             var parentRels = graph.parentRelations(way);
 
-               invalidSources.forEach(function(invalidSource) {
+             for (var i = 0; i < parentRels.length; i++) {
+               var rel = parentRels[i];
 
-                   var hasInvalidSource = entitySources.some(function(source) {
-                       if (!source.match(new RegExp(invalidSource.regex, 'i'))) return false;
-                       if (invalidSource.exceptRegex && source.match(new RegExp(invalidSource.exceptRegex, 'i'))) return false;
-                       return true;
-                   });
+               if (getFeatureType(rel, graph) !== null) {
+                 return rel;
+               }
+             }
+           }
 
-                   if (!hasInvalidSource) return;
+           return way;
+         }
 
-                   issues.push(new validationIssue({
-                       type: type,
-                       severity: 'warning',
-                       message: function(context) {
-                           var entity = context.hasEntity(this.entityIds[0]);
-                           return entity ? _t('issues.incompatible_source.' + invalidSource.id + '.feature.message', {
-                               feature: utilDisplayLabel(entity, context.graph())
-                           }) : '';
-                       },
-                       reference: getReference(invalidSource.id),
-                       entityIds: [entity.id],
-                       dynamicFixes: function() {
-                           return [
-                               new validationIssueFix({
-                                   title: _t('issues.fix.remove_proprietary_data.title')
-                               })
-                           ];
-                       }
-                   }));
-               });
+         function hasTag(tags, key) {
+           return tags[key] !== undefined && tags[key] !== 'no';
+         }
 
-               return issues;
+         function taggedAsIndoor(tags) {
+           return hasTag(tags, 'indoor') || hasTag(tags, 'level') || tags.highway === 'corridor';
+         }
 
+         function allowsBridge(featureType) {
+           return featureType === 'highway' || featureType === 'railway' || featureType === 'waterway';
+         }
 
-               function getReference(id) {
-                   return function showReference(selection) {
-                       selection.selectAll('.issue-reference')
-                           .data([0])
-                           .enter()
-                           .append('div')
-                           .attr('class', 'issue-reference')
-                           .text(_t('issues.incompatible_source.' + id + '.reference'));
-                   };
-               }
-           };
+         function allowsTunnel(featureType) {
+           return featureType === 'highway' || featureType === 'railway' || featureType === 'waterway';
+         } // discard
 
-           validation.type = type;
 
-           return validation;
-       }
+         var ignoredBuildings = {
+           demolished: true,
+           dismantled: true,
+           proposed: true,
+           razed: true
+         };
 
-       function validationMaprules() {
-           var type = 'maprules';
+         function getFeatureType(entity, graph) {
+           var geometry = entity.geometry(graph);
+           if (geometry !== 'line' && geometry !== 'area') return null;
+           var tags = entity.tags;
+           if (hasTag(tags, 'building') && !ignoredBuildings[tags.building]) return 'building';
+           if (hasTag(tags, 'highway') && osmRoutableHighwayTagValues[tags.highway]) return 'highway'; // don't check railway or waterway areas
 
-           var validation = function checkMaprules(entity, graph) {
-               if (!services.maprules) return [];
+           if (geometry !== 'line') return null;
+           if (hasTag(tags, 'railway') && osmRailwayTrackTagValues[tags.railway]) return 'railway';
+           if (hasTag(tags, 'waterway') && osmFlowingWaterwayTagValues[tags.waterway]) return 'waterway';
+           return null;
+         }
 
-               var rules = services.maprules.validationRules();
-               var issues = [];
+         function isLegitCrossing(tags1, featureType1, tags2, featureType2) {
+           // assume 0 by default
+           var level1 = tags1.level || '0';
+           var level2 = tags2.level || '0';
 
-               for (var i = 0; i < rules.length; i++) {
-                   var rule = rules[i];
-                   rule.findIssues(entity, graph, issues);
-               }
+           if (taggedAsIndoor(tags1) && taggedAsIndoor(tags2) && level1 !== level2) {
+             // assume features don't interact if they're indoor on different levels
+             return true;
+           } // assume 0 by default; don't use way.layer() since we account for structures here
 
-               return issues;
-           };
 
+           var layer1 = tags1.layer || '0';
+           var layer2 = tags2.layer || '0';
 
-           validation.type = type;
+           if (allowsBridge(featureType1) && allowsBridge(featureType2)) {
+             if (hasTag(tags1, 'bridge') && !hasTag(tags2, 'bridge')) return true;
+             if (!hasTag(tags1, 'bridge') && hasTag(tags2, 'bridge')) return true; // crossing bridges must use different layers
 
-           return validation;
-       }
+             if (hasTag(tags1, 'bridge') && hasTag(tags2, 'bridge') && layer1 !== layer2) return true;
+           } else if (allowsBridge(featureType1) && hasTag(tags1, 'bridge')) return true;else if (allowsBridge(featureType2) && hasTag(tags2, 'bridge')) return true;
 
-       function validationMismatchedGeometry() {
-           var type = 'mismatched_geometry';
+           if (allowsTunnel(featureType1) && allowsTunnel(featureType2)) {
+             if (hasTag(tags1, 'tunnel') && !hasTag(tags2, 'tunnel')) return true;
+             if (!hasTag(tags1, 'tunnel') && hasTag(tags2, 'tunnel')) return true; // crossing tunnels must use different layers
 
-           function tagSuggestingLineIsArea(entity) {
-               if (entity.type !== 'way' || entity.isClosed()) return null;
+             if (hasTag(tags1, 'tunnel') && hasTag(tags2, 'tunnel') && layer1 !== layer2) return true;
+           } else if (allowsTunnel(featureType1) && hasTag(tags1, 'tunnel')) return true;else if (allowsTunnel(featureType2) && hasTag(tags2, 'tunnel')) return true; // don't flag crossing waterways and pier/highways
 
-               var tagSuggestingArea = entity.tagSuggestingArea();
-               if (!tagSuggestingArea) {
-                   return null;
-               }
 
-               var asLine = _mainPresetIndex.matchTags(tagSuggestingArea, 'line');
-               var asArea = _mainPresetIndex.matchTags(tagSuggestingArea, 'area');
-               if (asLine && asArea && (asLine === asArea)) {
-                   // these tags also allow lines and making this an area wouldn't matter
-                   return null;
-               }
+           if (featureType1 === 'waterway' && featureType2 === 'highway' && tags2.man_made === 'pier') return true;
+           if (featureType2 === 'waterway' && featureType1 === 'highway' && tags1.man_made === 'pier') return true;
 
-               return tagSuggestingArea;
+           if (featureType1 === 'building' || featureType2 === 'building') {
+             // for building crossings, different layers are enough
+             if (layer1 !== layer2) return true;
            }
 
+           return false;
+         } // highway values for which we shouldn't recommend connecting to waterways
 
-           function makeConnectEndpointsFixOnClick(way, graph) {
-               // must have at least three nodes to close this automatically
-               if (way.nodes.length < 3) return null;
 
-               var nodes = graph.childNodes(way), testNodes;
-               var firstToLastDistanceMeters = geoSphericalDistance(nodes[0].loc, nodes[nodes.length-1].loc);
+         var highwaysDisallowingFords = {
+           motorway: true,
+           motorway_link: true,
+           trunk: true,
+           trunk_link: true,
+           primary: true,
+           primary_link: true,
+           secondary: true,
+           secondary_link: true
+         };
+         var nonCrossingHighways = {
+           track: true
+         };
 
-               // if the distance is very small, attempt to merge the endpoints
-               if (firstToLastDistanceMeters < 0.75) {
-                   testNodes = nodes.slice();   // shallow copy
-                   testNodes.pop();
-                   testNodes.push(testNodes[0]);
-                   // make sure this will not create a self-intersection
-                   if (!geoHasSelfIntersections(testNodes, testNodes[0].id)) {
-                       return function(context) {
-                           var way = context.entity(this.issue.entityIds[0]);
-                           context.perform(
-                               actionMergeNodes([way.nodes[0], way.nodes[way.nodes.length-1]], nodes[0].loc),
-                               _t('issues.fix.connect_endpoints.annotation')
-                           );
-                       };
-                   }
-               }
+         function tagsForConnectionNodeIfAllowed(entity1, entity2, graph) {
+           var featureType1 = getFeatureType(entity1, graph);
+           var featureType2 = getFeatureType(entity2, graph);
+           var geometry1 = entity1.geometry(graph);
+           var geometry2 = entity2.geometry(graph);
+           var bothLines = geometry1 === 'line' && geometry2 === 'line';
 
-               // if the points were not merged, attempt to close the way
-               testNodes = nodes.slice();   // shallow copy
-               testNodes.push(testNodes[0]);
-               // make sure this will not create a self-intersection
-               if (!geoHasSelfIntersections(testNodes, testNodes[0].id)) {
-                   return function(context) {
-                       var wayId = this.issue.entityIds[0];
-                       var way = context.entity(wayId);
-                       var nodeId = way.nodes[0];
-                       var index = way.nodes.length;
-                       context.perform(
-                           actionAddVertex(wayId, nodeId, index),
-                           _t('issues.fix.connect_endpoints.annotation')
-                       );
-                   };
-               }
-           }
+           if (featureType1 === featureType2) {
+             if (featureType1 === 'highway') {
+               var entity1IsPath = osmPathHighwayTagValues[entity1.tags.highway];
+               var entity2IsPath = osmPathHighwayTagValues[entity2.tags.highway];
 
-           function lineTaggedAsAreaIssue(entity) {
+               if ((entity1IsPath || entity2IsPath) && entity1IsPath !== entity2IsPath) {
+                 // one feature is a path but not both
+                 var roadFeature = entity1IsPath ? entity2 : entity1;
 
-               var tagSuggestingArea = tagSuggestingLineIsArea(entity);
-               if (!tagSuggestingArea) return null;
+                 if (nonCrossingHighways[roadFeature.tags.highway]) {
+                   // don't mark path connections with certain roads as crossings
+                   return {};
+                 }
 
-               return new validationIssue({
-                   type: type,
-                   subtype: 'area_as_line',
-                   severity: 'warning',
-                   message: function(context) {
-                       var entity = context.hasEntity(this.entityIds[0]);
-                       return entity ? _t('issues.tag_suggests_area.message', {
-                           feature: utilDisplayLabel(entity, context.graph()),
-                           tag: utilTagText({ tags: tagSuggestingArea })
-                       }) : '';
-                   },
-                   reference: showReference,
-                   entityIds: [entity.id],
-                   hash: JSON.stringify(tagSuggestingArea),
-                   dynamicFixes: function(context) {
+                 var pathFeature = entity1IsPath ? entity1 : entity2;
 
-                       var fixes = [];
+                 if (['marked', 'unmarked'].indexOf(pathFeature.tags.crossing) !== -1) {
+                   // if the path is a crossing, match the crossing type
+                   return bothLines ? {
+                     highway: 'crossing',
+                     crossing: pathFeature.tags.crossing
+                   } : {};
+                 } // don't add a `crossing` subtag to ambiguous crossings
 
-                       var entity = context.entity(this.entityIds[0]);
-                       var connectEndsOnClick = makeConnectEndpointsFixOnClick(entity, context.graph());
 
-                       fixes.push(new validationIssueFix({
-                           title: _t('issues.fix.connect_endpoints.title'),
-                           onClick: connectEndsOnClick
-                       }));
+                 return bothLines ? {
+                   highway: 'crossing'
+                 } : {};
+               }
 
-                       fixes.push(new validationIssueFix({
-                           icon: 'iD-operation-delete',
-                           title: _t('issues.fix.remove_tag.title'),
-                           onClick: function(context) {
-                               var entityId = this.issue.entityIds[0];
-                               var entity = context.entity(entityId);
-                               var tags = Object.assign({}, entity.tags);  // shallow copy
-                               for (var key in tagSuggestingArea) {
-                                   delete tags[key];
-                               }
-                               context.perform(
-                                   actionChangeTags(entityId, tags),
-                                   _t('issues.fix.remove_tag.annotation')
-                               );
-                           }
-                       }));
+               return {};
+             }
 
-                       return fixes;
-                   }
-               });
+             if (featureType1 === 'waterway') return {};
+             if (featureType1 === 'railway') return {};
+           } else {
+             var featureTypes = [featureType1, featureType2];
 
+             if (featureTypes.indexOf('highway') !== -1) {
+               if (featureTypes.indexOf('railway') !== -1) {
+                 if (!bothLines) return {};
+                 var isTram = entity1.tags.railway === 'tram' || entity2.tags.railway === 'tram';
 
-               function showReference(selection) {
-                   selection.selectAll('.issue-reference')
-                       .data([0])
-                       .enter()
-                       .append('div')
-                       .attr('class', 'issue-reference')
-                       .text(_t('issues.tag_suggests_area.reference'));
-               }
-           }
+                 if (osmPathHighwayTagValues[entity1.tags.highway] || osmPathHighwayTagValues[entity2.tags.highway]) {
+                   // path-tram connections use this tag
+                   if (isTram) return {
+                     railway: 'tram_crossing'
+                   }; // other path-rail connections use this tag
 
-           function vertexTaggedAsPointIssue(entity, graph) {
-               // we only care about nodes
-               if (entity.type !== 'node') return null;
+                   return {
+                     railway: 'crossing'
+                   };
+                 } else {
+                   // path-tram connections use this tag
+                   if (isTram) return {
+                     railway: 'tram_level_crossing'
+                   }; // other road-rail connections use this tag
 
-               // ignore tagless points
-               if (Object.keys(entity.tags).length === 0) return null;
+                   return {
+                     railway: 'level_crossing'
+                   };
+                 }
+               }
 
-               // address lines are special so just ignore them
-               if (entity.isOnAddressLine(graph)) return null;
+               if (featureTypes.indexOf('waterway') !== -1) {
+                 // do not allow fords on structures
+                 if (hasTag(entity1.tags, 'tunnel') && hasTag(entity2.tags, 'tunnel')) return null;
+                 if (hasTag(entity1.tags, 'bridge') && hasTag(entity2.tags, 'bridge')) return null;
 
-               var geometry = entity.geometry(graph);
-               var allowedGeometries = osmNodeGeometriesForTags(entity.tags);
+                 if (highwaysDisallowingFords[entity1.tags.highway] || highwaysDisallowingFords[entity2.tags.highway]) {
+                   // do not allow fords on major highways
+                   return null;
+                 }
 
-               if (geometry === 'point' && !allowedGeometries.point && allowedGeometries.vertex) {
+                 return bothLines ? {
+                   ford: 'yes'
+                 } : {};
+               }
+             }
+           }
 
-                   return new validationIssue({
-                       type: type,
-                       subtype: 'vertex_as_point',
-                       severity: 'warning',
-                       message: function(context) {
-                           var entity = context.hasEntity(this.entityIds[0]);
-                           return entity ? _t('issues.vertex_as_point.message', {
-                               feature: utilDisplayLabel(entity, context.graph())
-                           }) : '';
-                       },
-                       reference: function showReference(selection) {
-                           selection.selectAll('.issue-reference')
-                               .data([0])
-                               .enter()
-                               .append('div')
-                               .attr('class', 'issue-reference')
-                               .text(_t('issues.vertex_as_point.reference'));
-                       },
-                       entityIds: [entity.id]
-                   });
+           return null;
+         }
 
-               } else if (geometry === 'vertex' && !allowedGeometries.vertex && allowedGeometries.point) {
+         function findCrossingsByWay(way1, graph, tree) {
+           var edgeCrossInfos = [];
+           if (way1.type !== 'way') return edgeCrossInfos;
+           var taggedFeature1 = getFeatureWithFeatureTypeTagsForWay(way1, graph);
+           var way1FeatureType = getFeatureType(taggedFeature1, graph);
+           if (way1FeatureType === null) return edgeCrossInfos;
+           var checkedSingleCrossingWays = {}; // declare vars ahead of time to reduce garbage collection
 
-                   return new validationIssue({
-                       type: type,
-                       subtype: 'point_as_vertex',
-                       severity: 'warning',
-                       message: function(context) {
-                           var entity = context.hasEntity(this.entityIds[0]);
-                           return entity ? _t('issues.point_as_vertex.message', {
-                               feature: utilDisplayLabel(entity, context.graph())
-                           }) : '';
-                       },
-                       reference: function showReference(selection) {
-                           selection.selectAll('.issue-reference')
-                               .data([0])
-                               .enter()
-                               .append('div')
-                               .attr('class', 'issue-reference')
-                               .text(_t('issues.point_as_vertex.reference'));
-                       },
-                       entityIds: [entity.id],
-                       dynamicFixes: function(context) {
-
-                           var entityId = this.entityIds[0];
-
-                           var extractOnClick = null;
-                           if (!context.hasHiddenConnections(entityId)) {
-
-                               extractOnClick = function(context) {
-                                   var entityId = this.issue.entityIds[0];
-                                   var action = actionExtract(entityId);
-                                   context.perform(
-                                       action,
-                                       _t('operations.extract.annotation.single')
-                                   );
-                                   // re-enter mode to trigger updates
-                                   context.enter(modeSelect(context, [action.getExtractedNodeID()]));
-                               };
-                           }
+           var i, j;
+           var extent;
+           var n1, n2, nA, nB, nAId, nBId;
+           var segment1, segment2;
+           var oneOnly;
+           var segmentInfos, segment2Info, way2, taggedFeature2, way2FeatureType;
+           var way1Nodes = graph.childNodes(way1);
+           var comparedWays = {};
 
-                           return [
-                               new validationIssueFix({
-                                   icon: 'iD-operation-extract',
-                                   title: _t('issues.fix.extract_point.title'),
-                                   onClick: extractOnClick
-                               })
-                           ];
-                       }
-                   });
-               }
+           for (i = 0; i < way1Nodes.length - 1; i++) {
+             n1 = way1Nodes[i];
+             n2 = way1Nodes[i + 1];
+             extent = geoExtent([[Math.min(n1.loc[0], n2.loc[0]), Math.min(n1.loc[1], n2.loc[1])], [Math.max(n1.loc[0], n2.loc[0]), Math.max(n1.loc[1], n2.loc[1])]]); // Optimize by only checking overlapping segments, not every segment
+             // of overlapping ways
 
-               return null;
-           }
+             segmentInfos = tree.waySegments(extent, graph);
 
-           function unclosedMultipolygonPartIssues(entity, graph) {
+             for (j = 0; j < segmentInfos.length; j++) {
+               segment2Info = segmentInfos[j]; // don't check for self-intersection in this validation
 
-               if (entity.type !== 'relation' ||
-                   !entity.isMultipolygon() ||
-                   entity.isDegenerate() ||
-                   // cannot determine issues for incompletely-downloaded relations
-                   !entity.isComplete(graph)) return null;
+               if (segment2Info.wayId === way1.id) continue; // skip if this way was already checked and only one issue is needed
 
-               var sequences = osmJoinWays(entity.members, graph);
+               if (checkedSingleCrossingWays[segment2Info.wayId]) continue; // mark this way as checked even if there are no crossings
 
-               var issues = [];
+               comparedWays[segment2Info.wayId] = true;
+               way2 = graph.hasEntity(segment2Info.wayId);
+               if (!way2) continue;
+               taggedFeature2 = getFeatureWithFeatureTypeTagsForWay(way2, graph); // only check crossing highway, waterway, building, and railway
 
-               for (var i in sequences) {
-                   var sequence = sequences[i];
+               way2FeatureType = getFeatureType(taggedFeature2, graph);
 
-                   if (!sequence.nodes) continue;
+               if (way2FeatureType === null || isLegitCrossing(taggedFeature1.tags, way1FeatureType, taggedFeature2.tags, way2FeatureType)) {
+                 continue;
+               } // create only one issue for building crossings
 
-                   var firstNode = sequence.nodes[0];
-                   var lastNode = sequence.nodes[sequence.nodes.length - 1];
 
-                   // part is closed if the first and last nodes are the same
-                   if (firstNode === lastNode) continue;
+               oneOnly = way1FeatureType === 'building' || way2FeatureType === 'building';
+               nAId = segment2Info.nodes[0];
+               nBId = segment2Info.nodes[1];
 
-                   var issue = new validationIssue({
-                       type: type,
-                       subtype: 'unclosed_multipolygon_part',
-                       severity: 'warning',
-                       message: function(context) {
-                           var entity = context.hasEntity(this.entityIds[0]);
-                           return entity ? _t('issues.unclosed_multipolygon_part.message', {
-                               feature: utilDisplayLabel(entity, context.graph())
-                           }) : '';
-                       },
-                       reference: showReference,
-                       loc: sequence.nodes[0].loc,
-                       entityIds: [entity.id],
-                       hash: sequence.map(function(way) {
-                           return way.id;
-                       }).join()
-                   });
-                   issues.push(issue);
+               if (nAId === n1.id || nAId === n2.id || nBId === n1.id || nBId === n2.id) {
+                 // n1 or n2 is a connection node; skip
+                 continue;
                }
 
-               return issues;
+               nA = graph.hasEntity(nAId);
+               if (!nA) continue;
+               nB = graph.hasEntity(nBId);
+               if (!nB) continue;
+               segment1 = [n1.loc, n2.loc];
+               segment2 = [nA.loc, nB.loc];
+               var point = geoLineIntersection(segment1, segment2);
+
+               if (point) {
+                 edgeCrossInfos.push({
+                   wayInfos: [{
+                     way: way1,
+                     featureType: way1FeatureType,
+                     edge: [n1.id, n2.id]
+                   }, {
+                     way: way2,
+                     featureType: way2FeatureType,
+                     edge: [nA.id, nB.id]
+                   }],
+                   crossPoint: point
+                 });
 
-               function showReference(selection) {
-                   selection.selectAll('.issue-reference')
-                       .data([0])
-                       .enter()
-                       .append('div')
-                       .attr('class', 'issue-reference')
-                       .text(_t('issues.unclosed_multipolygon_part.reference'));
+                 if (oneOnly) {
+                   checkedSingleCrossingWays[way2.id] = true;
+                   break;
+                 }
                }
+             }
            }
 
-           var validation = function checkMismatchedGeometry(entity, graph) {
-               var issues = [
-                   vertexTaggedAsPointIssue(entity, graph),
-                   lineTaggedAsAreaIssue(entity)
-               ];
-               issues = issues.concat(unclosedMultipolygonPartIssues(entity, graph));
-               return issues.filter(Boolean);
-           };
-
-           validation.type = type;
-
-           return validation;
-       }
+           return edgeCrossInfos;
+         }
 
-       function validationMissingRole() {
-           var type = 'missing_role';
+         function waysToCheck(entity, graph) {
+           var featureType = getFeatureType(entity, graph);
+           if (!featureType) return [];
 
-           var validation = function checkMissingRole(entity, graph) {
-               var issues = [];
-               if (entity.type === 'way') {
-                   graph.parentRelations(entity).forEach(function(relation) {
-                       if (!relation.isMultipolygon()) return;
+           if (entity.type === 'way') {
+             return [entity];
+           } else if (entity.type === 'relation') {
+             return entity.members.reduce(function (array, member) {
+               if (member.type === 'way' && ( // only look at geometry ways
+               !member.role || member.role === 'outer' || member.role === 'inner')) {
+                 var entity = graph.hasEntity(member.id); // don't add duplicates
 
-                       var member = relation.memberById(entity.id);
-                       if (member && isMissingRole(member)) {
-                           issues.push(makeIssue(entity, relation, member));
-                       }
-                   });
-               } else if (entity.type === 'relation' && entity.isMultipolygon()) {
-                   entity.indexedMembers().forEach(function(member) {
-                       var way = graph.hasEntity(member.id);
-                       if (way && isMissingRole(member)) {
-                           issues.push(makeIssue(way, entity, member));
-                       }
-                   });
+                 if (entity && array.indexOf(entity) === -1) {
+                   array.push(entity);
+                 }
                }
 
-               return issues;
-           };
-
-
-           function isMissingRole(member) {
-               return !member.role || !member.role.trim().length;
+               return array;
+             }, []);
            }
 
+           return [];
+         }
 
-           function makeIssue(way, relation, member) {
-               return new validationIssue({
-                   type: type,
-                   severity: 'warning',
-                   message: function(context) {
-                       var member = context.hasEntity(this.entityIds[1]),
-                           relation = context.hasEntity(this.entityIds[0]);
-                       return (member && relation) ? _t('issues.missing_role.message', {
-                           member: utilDisplayLabel(member, context.graph()),
-                           relation: utilDisplayLabel(relation, context.graph())
-                       }) : '';
-                   },
-                   reference: showReference,
-                   entityIds: [relation.id, way.id],
-                   data: {
-                       member: member
-                   },
-                   hash: member.index.toString(),
-                   dynamicFixes: function() {
-                       return [
-                           makeAddRoleFix('inner'),
-                           makeAddRoleFix('outer'),
-                           new validationIssueFix({
-                               icon: 'iD-operation-delete',
-                               title: _t('issues.fix.remove_from_relation.title'),
-                               onClick: function(context) {
-                                   context.perform(
-                                       actionDeleteMember(this.issue.entityIds[0], this.issue.data.member.index),
-                                       _t('operations.delete_member.annotation')
-                                   );
-                               }
-                           })
-                       ];
-                   }
-               });
-
+         var validation = function checkCrossingWays(entity, graph) {
+           var tree = context.history().tree();
+           var ways = waysToCheck(entity, graph);
+           var issues = []; // declare these here to reduce garbage collection
 
-               function showReference(selection) {
-                   selection.selectAll('.issue-reference')
-                       .data([0])
-                       .enter()
-                       .append('div')
-                       .attr('class', 'issue-reference')
-                       .text(_t('issues.missing_role.multipolygon.reference'));
-               }
-           }
+           var wayIndex, crossingIndex, crossings;
 
+           for (wayIndex in ways) {
+             crossings = findCrossingsByWay(ways[wayIndex], graph, tree);
 
-           function makeAddRoleFix(role) {
-               return new validationIssueFix({
-                   title: _t('issues.fix.set_as_' + role + '.title'),
-                   onClick: function(context) {
-                       var oldMember = this.issue.data.member;
-                       var member = { id: this.issue.entityIds[1], type: oldMember.type, role: role };
-                       context.perform(
-                           actionChangeMember(this.issue.entityIds[0], member, oldMember.index),
-                           _t('operations.change_role.annotation')
-                       );
-                   }
-               });
+             for (crossingIndex in crossings) {
+               issues.push(createIssue(crossings[crossingIndex], graph));
+             }
            }
 
-           validation.type = type;
-
-           return validation;
-       }
-
-       function validationMissingTag(context) {
-           var type = 'missing_tag';
+           return issues;
+         };
 
-           function hasDescriptiveTags(entity, graph) {
-               var keys = Object.keys(entity.tags)
-                   .filter(function(k) {
-                       if (k === 'area' || k === 'name') {
-                           return false;
-                       } else {
-                           return osmIsInterestingTag(k);
-                       }
-                   });
+         function createIssue(crossing, graph) {
+           // use the entities with the tags that define the feature type
+           crossing.wayInfos.sort(function (way1Info, way2Info) {
+             var type1 = way1Info.featureType;
+             var type2 = way2Info.featureType;
 
-               if (entity.type === 'relation' &&
-                   keys.length === 1 &&
-                   entity.tags.type === 'multipolygon') {
-                   // this relation's only interesting tag just says its a multipolygon,
-                   // which is not descriptive enough
+             if (type1 === type2) {
+               return utilDisplayLabel(way1Info.way, graph) > utilDisplayLabel(way2Info.way, graph);
+             } else if (type1 === 'waterway') {
+               return true;
+             } else if (type2 === 'waterway') {
+               return false;
+             }
 
-                   // It's okay for a simple multipolygon to have no descriptive tags
-                   // if its outer way has them (old model, see `outdated_tags.js`)
-                   return osmOldMultipolygonOuterMemberOfRelation(entity, graph);
-               }
+             return type1 < type2;
+           });
+           var entities = crossing.wayInfos.map(function (wayInfo) {
+             return getFeatureWithFeatureTypeTagsForWay(wayInfo.way, graph);
+           });
+           var edges = [crossing.wayInfos[0].edge, crossing.wayInfos[1].edge];
+           var featureTypes = [crossing.wayInfos[0].featureType, crossing.wayInfos[1].featureType];
+           var connectionTags = tagsForConnectionNodeIfAllowed(entities[0], entities[1], graph);
+           var featureType1 = crossing.wayInfos[0].featureType;
+           var featureType2 = crossing.wayInfos[1].featureType;
+           var isCrossingIndoors = taggedAsIndoor(entities[0].tags) && taggedAsIndoor(entities[1].tags);
+           var isCrossingTunnels = allowsTunnel(featureType1) && hasTag(entities[0].tags, 'tunnel') && allowsTunnel(featureType2) && hasTag(entities[1].tags, 'tunnel');
+           var isCrossingBridges = allowsBridge(featureType1) && hasTag(entities[0].tags, 'bridge') && allowsBridge(featureType2) && hasTag(entities[1].tags, 'bridge');
+           var subtype = [featureType1, featureType2].sort().join('-');
+           var crossingTypeID = subtype;
 
-               return keys.length > 0;
+           if (isCrossingIndoors) {
+             crossingTypeID = 'indoor-indoor';
+           } else if (isCrossingTunnels) {
+             crossingTypeID = 'tunnel-tunnel';
+           } else if (isCrossingBridges) {
+             crossingTypeID = 'bridge-bridge';
            }
 
-           function isUnknownRoad(entity) {
-               return entity.type === 'way' && entity.tags.highway === 'road';
+           if (connectionTags && (isCrossingIndoors || isCrossingTunnels || isCrossingBridges)) {
+             crossingTypeID += '_connectable';
            }
 
-           function isUntypedRelation(entity) {
-               return entity.type === 'relation' && !entity.tags.type;
-           }
+           return new validationIssue({
+             type: type,
+             subtype: subtype,
+             severity: 'warning',
+             message: function message(context) {
+               var graph = context.graph();
+               var entity1 = graph.hasEntity(this.entityIds[0]),
+                   entity2 = graph.hasEntity(this.entityIds[1]);
+               return entity1 && entity2 ? _t.html('issues.crossing_ways.message', {
+                 feature: utilDisplayLabel(entity1, graph),
+                 feature2: utilDisplayLabel(entity2, graph)
+               }) : '';
+             },
+             reference: showReference,
+             entityIds: entities.map(function (entity) {
+               return entity.id;
+             }),
+             data: {
+               edges: edges,
+               featureTypes: featureTypes,
+               connectionTags: connectionTags
+             },
+             // differentiate based on the loc since two ways can cross multiple times
+             hash: crossing.crossPoint.toString() + // if the edges change then so does the fix
+             edges.slice().sort(function (edge1, edge2) {
+               // order to assure hash is deterministic
+               return edge1[0] < edge2[0] ? -1 : 1;
+             }).toString() + // ensure the correct connection tags are added in the fix
+             JSON.stringify(connectionTags),
+             loc: crossing.crossPoint,
+             dynamicFixes: function dynamicFixes(context) {
+               var mode = context.mode();
+               if (!mode || mode.id !== 'select' || mode.selectedIDs().length !== 1) return [];
+               var selectedIndex = this.entityIds[0] === mode.selectedIDs()[0] ? 0 : 1;
+               var selectedFeatureType = this.data.featureTypes[selectedIndex];
+               var otherFeatureType = this.data.featureTypes[selectedIndex === 0 ? 1 : 0];
+               var fixes = [];
 
-           var validation = function checkMissingTag(entity, graph) {
+               if (connectionTags) {
+                 fixes.push(makeConnectWaysFix(this.data.connectionTags));
+               }
 
-               var subtype;
+               if (isCrossingIndoors) {
+                 fixes.push(new validationIssueFix({
+                   icon: 'iD-icon-layers',
+                   title: _t.html('issues.fix.use_different_levels.title')
+                 }));
+               } else if (isCrossingTunnels || isCrossingBridges || featureType1 === 'building' || featureType2 === 'building') {
+                 fixes.push(makeChangeLayerFix('higher'));
+                 fixes.push(makeChangeLayerFix('lower')); // can only add bridge/tunnel if both features are lines
+               } else if (context.graph().geometry(this.entityIds[0]) === 'line' && context.graph().geometry(this.entityIds[1]) === 'line') {
+                 // don't recommend adding bridges to waterways since they're uncommon
+                 if (allowsBridge(selectedFeatureType) && selectedFeatureType !== 'waterway') {
+                   fixes.push(makeAddBridgeOrTunnelFix('add_a_bridge', 'temaki-bridge', 'bridge'));
+                 } // don't recommend adding tunnels under waterways since they're uncommon
 
-               var osm = context.connection();
-               var isUnloadedNode = entity.type === 'node' && osm && !osm.isDataLoaded(entity.loc);
 
-               // we can't know if the node is a vertex if the tile is undownloaded
-               if (!isUnloadedNode &&
-                   // allow untagged nodes that are part of ways
-                   entity.geometry(graph) !== 'vertex' &&
-                   // allow untagged entities that are part of relations
-                   !entity.hasParentRelations(graph)) {
+                 var skipTunnelFix = otherFeatureType === 'waterway' && selectedFeatureType !== 'waterway';
 
-                   if (Object.keys(entity.tags).length === 0) {
-                       subtype = 'any';
-                   } else if (!hasDescriptiveTags(entity, graph)) {
-                       subtype = 'descriptive';
-                   } else if (isUntypedRelation(entity)) {
-                       subtype = 'relation_type';
-                   }
-               }
+                 if (allowsTunnel(selectedFeatureType) && !skipTunnelFix) {
+                   fixes.push(makeAddBridgeOrTunnelFix('add_a_tunnel', 'temaki-tunnel', 'tunnel'));
+                 }
+               } // repositioning the features is always an option
 
-               // flag an unknown road even if it's a member of a relation
-               if (!subtype && isUnknownRoad(entity)) {
-                   subtype = 'highway_classification';
-               }
 
-               if (!subtype) return [];
+               fixes.push(new validationIssueFix({
+                 icon: 'iD-operation-move',
+                 title: _t.html('issues.fix.reposition_features.title')
+               }));
+               return fixes;
+             }
+           });
 
-               var messageID = subtype === 'highway_classification' ? 'unknown_road' : 'missing_tag.' + subtype;
-               var referenceID = subtype === 'highway_classification' ? 'unknown_road' : 'missing_tag';
+           function showReference(selection) {
+             selection.selectAll('.issue-reference').data([0]).enter().append('div').attr('class', 'issue-reference').html(_t.html('issues.crossing_ways.' + crossingTypeID + '.reference'));
+           }
+         }
 
-               // can always delete if the user created it in the first place..
-               var canDelete = (entity.version === undefined || entity.v !== undefined);
-               var severity = (canDelete && subtype !== 'highway_classification') ? 'error' : 'warning';
+         function makeAddBridgeOrTunnelFix(fixTitleID, iconName, bridgeOrTunnel) {
+           return new validationIssueFix({
+             icon: iconName,
+             title: _t.html('issues.fix.' + fixTitleID + '.title'),
+             onClick: function onClick(context) {
+               var mode = context.mode();
+               if (!mode || mode.id !== 'select') return;
+               var selectedIDs = mode.selectedIDs();
+               if (selectedIDs.length !== 1) return;
+               var selectedWayID = selectedIDs[0];
+               if (!context.hasEntity(selectedWayID)) return;
+               var resultWayIDs = [selectedWayID];
+               var edge, crossedEdge, crossedWayID;
+
+               if (this.issue.entityIds[0] === selectedWayID) {
+                 edge = this.issue.data.edges[0];
+                 crossedEdge = this.issue.data.edges[1];
+                 crossedWayID = this.issue.entityIds[1];
+               } else {
+                 edge = this.issue.data.edges[1];
+                 crossedEdge = this.issue.data.edges[0];
+                 crossedWayID = this.issue.entityIds[0];
+               }
 
-               return [new validationIssue({
-                   type: type,
-                   subtype: subtype,
-                   severity: severity,
-                   message: function(context) {
-                       var entity = context.hasEntity(this.entityIds[0]);
-                       return entity ? _t('issues.' + messageID + '.message', {
-                           feature: utilDisplayLabel(entity, context.graph())
-                       }) : '';
-                   },
-                   reference: showReference,
-                   entityIds: [entity.id],
-                   dynamicFixes: function(context) {
+               var crossingLoc = this.issue.loc;
+               var projection = context.projection;
 
-                       var fixes = [];
+               var action = function actionAddStructure(graph) {
+                 var edgeNodes = [graph.entity(edge[0]), graph.entity(edge[1])];
+                 var crossedWay = graph.hasEntity(crossedWayID); // use the explicit width of the crossed feature as the structure length, if available
 
-                       var selectFixType = subtype === 'highway_classification' ? 'select_road_type' : 'select_preset';
+                 var structLengthMeters = crossedWay && crossedWay.tags.width && parseFloat(crossedWay.tags.width);
 
-                       fixes.push(new validationIssueFix({
-                           icon: 'iD-icon-search',
-                           title: _t('issues.fix.' + selectFixType + '.title'),
-                           onClick: function(context) {
-                               context.ui().sidebar.showPresetList();
-                           }
-                       }));
+                 if (!structLengthMeters) {
+                   // if no explicit width is set, approximate the width based on the tags
+                   structLengthMeters = crossedWay && crossedWay.impliedLineWidthMeters();
+                 }
 
-                       var deleteOnClick;
-
-                       var id = this.entityIds[0];
-                       var operation = operationDelete(context, [id]);
-                       var disabledReasonID = operation.disabled();
-                       if (!disabledReasonID) {
-                           deleteOnClick = function(context) {
-                               var id = this.issue.entityIds[0];
-                               var operation = operationDelete(context, [id]);
-                               if (!operation.disabled()) {
-                                   operation();
-                               }
-                           };
-                       }
+                 if (structLengthMeters) {
+                   if (getFeatureType(crossedWay, graph) === 'railway') {
+                     // bridges over railways are generally much longer than the rail bed itself, compensate
+                     structLengthMeters *= 2;
+                   }
+                 } else {
+                   // should ideally never land here since all rail/water/road tags should have an implied width
+                   structLengthMeters = 8;
+                 }
 
-                       fixes.push(
-                           new validationIssueFix({
-                               icon: 'iD-operation-delete',
-                               title: _t('issues.fix.delete_feature.title'),
-                               disabledReason: disabledReasonID ? _t('operations.delete.' + disabledReasonID + '.single') : undefined,
-                               onClick: deleteOnClick
-                           })
-                       );
+                 var a1 = geoAngle(edgeNodes[0], edgeNodes[1], projection) + Math.PI;
+                 var a2 = geoAngle(graph.entity(crossedEdge[0]), graph.entity(crossedEdge[1]), projection) + Math.PI;
+                 var crossingAngle = Math.max(a1, a2) - Math.min(a1, a2);
+                 if (crossingAngle > Math.PI) crossingAngle -= Math.PI; // lengthen the structure to account for the angle of the crossing
 
-                       return fixes;
-                   }
-               })];
+                 structLengthMeters = structLengthMeters / 2 / Math.sin(crossingAngle) * 2; // add padding since the structure must extend past the edges of the crossed feature
 
-               function showReference(selection) {
-                   selection.selectAll('.issue-reference')
-                       .data([0])
-                       .enter()
-                       .append('div')
-                       .attr('class', 'issue-reference')
-                       .text(_t('issues.' + referenceID + '.reference'));
-               }
-           };
+                 structLengthMeters += 4; // clamp the length to a reasonable range
 
-           validation.type = type;
+                 structLengthMeters = Math.min(Math.max(structLengthMeters, 4), 50);
 
-           return validation;
-       }
+                 function geomToProj(geoPoint) {
+                   return [geoLonToMeters(geoPoint[0], geoPoint[1]), geoLatToMeters(geoPoint[1])];
+                 }
 
-       // remove spaces, punctuation, diacritics
-       var simplify = (str) => {
-         return diacritics.remove(
-           str
-             .replace(/&/g, 'and')
-             .replace(/[\s\-=_!"#%'*{},.\/:;?\(\)\[\]@\\$\^*+<>~`’\u00a1\u00a7\u00b6\u00b7\u00bf\u037e\u0387\u055a-\u055f\u0589\u05c0\u05c3\u05c6\u05f3\u05f4\u0609\u060a\u060c\u060d\u061b\u061e\u061f\u066a-\u066d\u06d4\u0700-\u070d\u07f7-\u07f9\u0830-\u083e\u085e\u0964\u0965\u0970\u0af0\u0df4\u0e4f\u0e5a\u0e5b\u0f04-\u0f12\u0f14\u0f85\u0fd0-\u0fd4\u0fd9\u0fda\u104a-\u104f\u10fb\u1360-\u1368\u166d\u166e\u16eb-\u16ed\u1735\u1736\u17d4-\u17d6\u17d8-\u17da\u1800-\u1805\u1807-\u180a\u1944\u1945\u1a1e\u1a1f\u1aa0-\u1aa6\u1aa8-\u1aad\u1b5a-\u1b60\u1bfc-\u1bff\u1c3b-\u1c3f\u1c7e\u1c7f\u1cc0-\u1cc7\u1cd3\u2016\u2017\u2020-\u2027\u2030-\u2038\u203b-\u203e\u2041-\u2043\u2047-\u2051\u2053\u2055-\u205e\u2cf9-\u2cfc\u2cfe\u2cff\u2d70\u2e00\u2e01\u2e06-\u2e08\u2e0b\u2e0e-\u2e16\u2e18\u2e19\u2e1b\u2e1e\u2e1f\u2e2a-\u2e2e\u2e30-\u2e39\u3001-\u3003\u303d\u30fb\ua4fe\ua4ff\ua60d-\ua60f\ua673\ua67e\ua6f2-\ua6f7\ua874-\ua877\ua8ce\ua8cf\ua8f8-\ua8fa\ua92e\ua92f\ua95f\ua9c1-\ua9cd\ua9de\ua9df\uaa5c-\uaa5f\uaade\uaadf\uaaf0\uaaf1\uabeb\ufe10-\ufe16\ufe19\ufe30\ufe45\ufe46\ufe49-\ufe4c\ufe50-\ufe52\ufe54-\ufe57\ufe5f-\ufe61\ufe68\ufe6a\ufe6b\uff01-\uff03\uff05-\uff07\uff0a\uff0c\uff0e\uff0f\uff1a\uff1b\uff1f\uff20\uff3c\uff61\uff64\uff65]+/g,'')
-             .toLowerCase()
-         );
-       };
+                 function projToGeom(projPoint) {
+                   var lat = geoMetersToLat(projPoint[1]);
+                   return [geoMetersToLon(projPoint[0], lat), lat];
+                 }
 
-       // toParts - split a name-suggestion-index key into parts
-       // {
-       //   kvnd:        "amenity/fast_food|Thaï Express~(North America)",
-       //   kvn:         "amenity/fast_food|Thaï Express",
-       //   kv:          "amenity/fast_food",
-       //   k:           "amenity",
-       //   v:           "fast_food",
-       //   n:           "Thaï Express",
-       //   d:           "(North America)",
-       //   nsimple:     "thaiexpress",
-       //   kvnnsimple:  "amenity/fast_food|thaiexpress"
-       // }
-       var to_parts = (kvnd) => {
-         const parts = {};
-         parts.kvnd = kvnd;
+                 var projEdgeNode1 = geomToProj(edgeNodes[0].loc);
+                 var projEdgeNode2 = geomToProj(edgeNodes[1].loc);
+                 var projectedAngle = geoVecAngle(projEdgeNode1, projEdgeNode2);
+                 var projectedCrossingLoc = geomToProj(crossingLoc);
+                 var linearToSphericalMetersRatio = geoVecLength(projEdgeNode1, projEdgeNode2) / geoSphericalDistance(edgeNodes[0].loc, edgeNodes[1].loc);
 
-         const kvndparts = kvnd.split('~', 2);
-         if (kvndparts.length > 1) parts.d = kvndparts[1];
+                 function locSphericalDistanceFromCrossingLoc(angle, distanceMeters) {
+                   var lengthSphericalMeters = distanceMeters * linearToSphericalMetersRatio;
+                   return projToGeom([projectedCrossingLoc[0] + Math.cos(angle) * lengthSphericalMeters, projectedCrossingLoc[1] + Math.sin(angle) * lengthSphericalMeters]);
+                 }
 
-         parts.kvn = kvndparts[0];
-         const kvnparts = parts.kvn.split('|', 2);
-         if (kvnparts.length > 1) parts.n = kvnparts[1];
+                 var endpointLocGetter1 = function endpointLocGetter1(lengthMeters) {
+                   return locSphericalDistanceFromCrossingLoc(projectedAngle, lengthMeters);
+                 };
 
-         parts.kv = kvnparts[0];
-         const kvparts = parts.kv.split('/', 2);
-         parts.k = kvparts[0];
-         parts.v = kvparts[1];
+                 var endpointLocGetter2 = function endpointLocGetter2(lengthMeters) {
+                   return locSphericalDistanceFromCrossingLoc(projectedAngle + Math.PI, lengthMeters);
+                 }; // avoid creating very short edges from splitting too close to another node
 
-         parts.nsimple = simplify(parts.n);
-         parts.kvnsimple = parts.kv + '|' + parts.nsimple;
-         return parts;
-       };
 
-       var matchGroups = {adult_gaming_centre:["amenity/casino","amenity/gambling","leisure/adult_gaming_centre"],beauty:["shop/beauty","shop/hairdresser_supply"],bed:["shop/bed","shop/furniture"],beverages:["shop/alcohol","shop/beverages"],camping:["leisure/park","tourism/camp_site","tourism/caravan_site"],car_parts:["shop/car_parts","shop/car_repair","shop/tires","shop/tyres"],confectionery:["shop/candy","shop/chocolate","shop/confectionery"],convenience:["shop/beauty","shop/chemist","shop/convenience","shop/cosmetics","shop/newsagent"],coworking:["amenity/coworking_space","office/coworking","office/coworking_space"],electronics:["office/telecommunication","shop/computer","shop/electronics","shop/hifi","shop/mobile","shop/mobile_phone","shop/telecommunication"],fashion:["shop/accessories","shop/bag","shop/botique","shop/clothes","shop/department_store","shop/fashion","shop/fashion_accessories","shop/sports","shop/shoes"],financial:["amenity/bank","office/accountant","office/financial","office/financial_advisor","office/tax_advisor","shop/tax"],fitness:["leisure/fitness_centre","leisure/fitness_center","leisure/sports_centre","leisure/sports_center"],food:["amenity/cafe","amenity/fast_food","amenity/ice_cream","amenity/restaurant","shop/bakery","shop/ice_cream","shop/pastry","shop/tea","shop/coffee"],fuel:["amenity/fuel","shop/gas","shop/convenience;gas","shop/gas;convenience"],gift:["shop/gift","shop/card","shop/cards","shop/stationery"],hardware:["shop/carpet","shop/diy","shop/doityourself","shop/doors","shop/electrical","shop/flooring","shop/hardware","shop/power_tools","shop/tool_hire","shop/tools","shop/trade"],health_food:["shop/health","shop/health_food","shop/herbalist","shop/nutrition_supplements"],houseware:["shop/houseware","shop/interior_decoration"],lodging:["tourism/hotel","tourism/motel"],money_transfer:["amenity/money_transfer","shop/money_transfer"],outdoor:["shop/outdoor","shop/sports"],rental:["amenity/bicycle_rental","amenity/boat_rental","amenity/car_rental","amenity/truck_rental","amenity/vehicle_rental","shop/rental"],school:["amenity/childcare","amenity/college","amenity/kindergarten","amenity/language_school","amenity/prep_school","amenity/school","amenity/university"],supermarket:["shop/food","shop/frozen_food","shop/greengrocer","shop/grocery","shop/supermarket","shop/wholesale"],variety_store:["shop/variety_store","shop/supermarket","shop/discount","shop/convenience"],vending:["amenity/vending_machine","shop/vending_machine"],wholesale:["shop/wholesale","shop/supermarket","shop/department_store"]};
-       var match_groups = {
-       matchGroups: matchGroups
-       };
+                 var minEdgeLengthMeters = 0.55; // decide where to bound the structure along the way, splitting as necessary
 
-       var match_groups$1 = /*#__PURE__*/Object.freeze({
-               __proto__: null,
-               matchGroups: matchGroups,
-               'default': match_groups
-       });
+                 function determineEndpoint(edge, endNode, locGetter) {
+                   var newNode;
+                   var idealLengthMeters = structLengthMeters / 2; // distance between the crossing location and the end of the edge,
+                   // the maximum length of this side of the structure
 
-       var require$$0 = getCjsExportFromNamespace(match_groups$1);
+                   var crossingToEdgeEndDistance = geoSphericalDistance(crossingLoc, endNode.loc);
 
-       const matchGroups$1 = require$$0.matchGroups;
+                   if (crossingToEdgeEndDistance - idealLengthMeters > minEdgeLengthMeters) {
+                     // the edge is long enough to insert a new node
+                     // the loc that would result in the full expected length
+                     var idealNodeLoc = locGetter(idealLengthMeters);
+                     newNode = osmNode();
+                     graph = actionAddMidpoint({
+                       loc: idealNodeLoc,
+                       edge: edge
+                     }, newNode)(graph);
+                   } else {
+                     var edgeCount = 0;
+                     endNode.parentIntersectionWays(graph).forEach(function (way) {
+                       way.nodes.forEach(function (nodeID) {
+                         if (nodeID === endNode.id) {
+                           if (endNode.id === way.first() && endNode.id !== way.last() || endNode.id === way.last() && endNode.id !== way.first()) {
+                             edgeCount += 1;
+                           } else {
+                             edgeCount += 2;
+                           }
+                         }
+                       });
+                     });
 
+                     if (edgeCount >= 3) {
+                       // the end node is a junction, try to leave a segment
+                       // between it and the structure - #7202
+                       var insetLength = crossingToEdgeEndDistance - minEdgeLengthMeters;
+
+                       if (insetLength > minEdgeLengthMeters) {
+                         var insetNodeLoc = locGetter(insetLength);
+                         newNode = osmNode();
+                         graph = actionAddMidpoint({
+                           loc: insetNodeLoc,
+                           edge: edge
+                         }, newNode)(graph);
+                       }
+                     }
+                   } // if the edge is too short to subdivide as desired, then
+                   // just bound the structure at the existing end node
 
-       var matcher$1 = () => {
-         let _warnings = [];  // array of match conflict pairs
-         let _ambiguous = {};
-         let _matchIndex = {};
-         let matcher = {};
 
+                   if (!newNode) newNode = endNode;
+                   var splitAction = actionSplit([newNode.id]).limitWays(resultWayIDs); // only split selected or created ways
+                   // do the split
 
-         // Create an index of all the keys/simplenames for fast matching
-         matcher.buildMatchIndex = (brands) => {
-           // two passes - once for primary names, once for secondary/alternate names
-           Object.keys(brands).forEach(kvnd => insertNames(kvnd, 'primary'));
-           Object.keys(brands).forEach(kvnd => insertNames(kvnd, 'secondary'));
+                   graph = splitAction(graph);
 
+                   if (splitAction.getCreatedWayIDs().length) {
+                     resultWayIDs.push(splitAction.getCreatedWayIDs()[0]);
+                   }
 
-           function insertNames(kvnd, which) {
-             const obj = brands[kvnd];
-             const parts = to_parts(kvnd);
+                   return newNode;
+                 }
 
-             // Exit early for ambiguous names in the second pass.
-             // They were collected in the first pass and we don't gather alt names for them.
-             if (which === 'secondary' && parts.d) return;
+                 var structEndNode1 = determineEndpoint(edge, edgeNodes[1], endpointLocGetter1);
+                 var structEndNode2 = determineEndpoint([edgeNodes[0].id, structEndNode1.id], edgeNodes[0], endpointLocGetter2);
+                 var structureWay = resultWayIDs.map(function (id) {
+                   return graph.entity(id);
+                 }).find(function (way) {
+                   return way.nodes.indexOf(structEndNode1.id) !== -1 && way.nodes.indexOf(structEndNode2.id) !== -1;
+                 });
+                 var tags = Object.assign({}, structureWay.tags); // copy tags
 
+                 if (bridgeOrTunnel === 'bridge') {
+                   tags.bridge = 'yes';
+                   tags.layer = '1';
+                 } else {
+                   var tunnelValue = 'yes';
 
-             if (obj.countryCodes) {
-               parts.countryCodes = obj.countryCodes.slice();  // copy
-             }
+                   if (getFeatureType(structureWay, graph) === 'waterway') {
+                     // use `tunnel=culvert` for waterways by default
+                     tunnelValue = 'culvert';
+                   }
 
-             const nomatches = (obj.nomatch || []);
-             if (nomatches.some(s => s === kvnd)) {
-               console.log(`WARNING match/nomatch conflict for ${kvnd}`);
-               return;
-             }
+                   tags.tunnel = tunnelValue;
+                   tags.layer = '-1';
+                 } // apply the structure tags to the way
 
-             const match_kv = [parts.kv]
-               .concat(obj.matchTags || [])
-               .concat([`${parts.k}/yes`, `building/yes`])   // #3454 - match some generic tags
-               .map(s => s.toLowerCase());
 
-             let match_nsimple = [];
-             if (which === 'primary') {
-               match_nsimple = [parts.n]
-                 .concat(obj.matchNames || [])
-                 .concat(obj.tags.official_name || [])   // #2732 - match alternate names
-                 .map(simplify);
+                 graph = actionChangeTags(structureWay.id, tags)(graph);
+                 return graph;
+               };
 
-             } else if (which === 'secondary') {
-               match_nsimple = []
-                 .concat(obj.tags.alt_name || [])        // #2732 - match alternate names
-                 .concat(obj.tags.short_name || [])      // #2732 - match alternate names
-                 .map(simplify);
+               context.perform(action, _t('issues.fix.' + fixTitleID + '.annotation'));
+               context.enter(modeSelect(context, resultWayIDs));
              }
+           });
+         }
 
-             if (!match_nsimple.length) return;  // nothing to do
+         function makeConnectWaysFix(connectionTags) {
+           var fixTitleID = 'connect_features';
 
-             match_kv.forEach(kv => {
-               match_nsimple.forEach(nsimple => {
-                 if (parts.d) {
-                   // Known ambiguous names with disambiguation string ~(USA) / ~(Canada)
-                   // FIXME: Name collisions will overwrite the initial entry (ok for now)
-                   if (!_ambiguous[kv]) _ambiguous[kv] = {};
-                   _ambiguous[kv][nsimple] = parts;
+           if (connectionTags.ford) {
+             fixTitleID = 'connect_using_ford';
+           }
 
-                 } else {
-                   // Names we mostly expect to be unique..
-                   if (!_matchIndex[kv]) _matchIndex[kv] = {};
-
-                   const m = _matchIndex[kv][nsimple];
-                   if (m) {  // There already is a match for this name, skip it
-                     // Warn if we detect collisions in a primary name.
-                     // Skip warning if a secondary name or a generic `*=yes` tag - #2972 / #3454
-                     if (which === 'primary' && !/\/yes$/.test(kv)) {
-                       _warnings.push([m.kvnd, `${kvnd} (${kv}/${nsimple})`]);
-                     }
+           return new validationIssueFix({
+             icon: 'iD-icon-crossing',
+             title: _t.html('issues.fix.' + fixTitleID + '.title'),
+             onClick: function onClick(context) {
+               var loc = this.issue.loc;
+               var connectionTags = this.issue.data.connectionTags;
+               var edges = this.issue.data.edges;
+               context.perform(function actionConnectCrossingWays(graph) {
+                 // create the new node for the points
+                 var node = osmNode({
+                   loc: loc,
+                   tags: connectionTags
+                 });
+                 graph = graph.replace(node);
+                 var nodesToMerge = [node.id];
+                 var mergeThresholdInMeters = 0.75;
+                 edges.forEach(function (edge) {
+                   var edgeNodes = [graph.entity(edge[0]), graph.entity(edge[1])];
+                   var nearby = geoSphericalClosestNode(edgeNodes, loc); // if there is already a suitable node nearby, use that
+
+                   if (!nearby.node.hasInterestingTags() && nearby.distance < mergeThresholdInMeters) {
+                     nodesToMerge.push(nearby.node.id); // else add the new node to the way
                    } else {
-                     _matchIndex[kv][nsimple] = parts;   // insert
+                     graph = actionAddMidpoint({
+                       loc: loc,
+                       edge: edge
+                     }, node)(graph);
                    }
-                 }
-               });
-             });
+                 });
 
-           }
-         };
+                 if (nodesToMerge.length > 1) {
+                   // if we're using nearby nodes, merge them with the new node
+                   graph = actionMergeNodes(nodesToMerge, loc)(graph);
+                 }
 
+                 return graph;
+               }, _t('issues.fix.connect_crossing_features.annotation'));
+             }
+           });
+         }
 
-         // pass a `key`, `value`, `name` and return the best match,
-         // `countryCode` optional (if supplied, must match that too)
-         matcher.matchKVN = (key, value, name, countryCode) => {
-           return matcher.matchParts(to_parts(`${key}/${value}|${name}`), countryCode);
-         };
+         function makeChangeLayerFix(higherOrLower) {
+           return new validationIssueFix({
+             icon: 'iD-icon-' + (higherOrLower === 'higher' ? 'up' : 'down'),
+             title: _t.html('issues.fix.tag_this_as_' + higherOrLower + '.title'),
+             onClick: function onClick(context) {
+               var mode = context.mode();
+               if (!mode || mode.id !== 'select') return;
+               var selectedIDs = mode.selectedIDs();
+               if (selectedIDs.length !== 1) return;
+               var selectedID = selectedIDs[0];
+               if (!this.issue.entityIds.some(function (entityId) {
+                 return entityId === selectedID;
+               })) return;
+               var entity = context.hasEntity(selectedID);
+               if (!entity) return;
+               var tags = Object.assign({}, entity.tags); // shallow copy
 
+               var layer = tags.layer && Number(tags.layer);
 
-         // pass a parts object and return the best match,
-         // `countryCode` optional (if supplied, must match that too)
-         matcher.matchParts = (parts, countryCode) => {
-           let match = null;
-           let inGroup = false;
+               if (layer && !isNaN(layer)) {
+                 if (higherOrLower === 'higher') {
+                   layer += 1;
+                 } else {
+                   layer -= 1;
+                 }
+               } else {
+                 if (higherOrLower === 'higher') {
+                   layer = 1;
+                 } else {
+                   layer = -1;
+                 }
+               }
 
-           // fixme: we currently return a single match for ambiguous
-           match = _ambiguous[parts.kv] && _ambiguous[parts.kv][parts.nsimple];
-           if (match && matchesCountryCode(match)) return match;
+               tags.layer = layer.toString();
+               context.perform(actionChangeTags(entity.id, tags), _t('operations.change_tags.annotation'));
+             }
+           });
+         }
 
-           // try to return an exact match
-           match = _matchIndex[parts.kv] && _matchIndex[parts.kv][parts.nsimple];
-           if (match && matchesCountryCode(match)) return match;
+         validation.type = type;
+         return validation;
+       }
 
-           // look in match groups
-           for (let mg in matchGroups$1) {
-             const matchGroup = matchGroups$1[mg];
-             match = null;
-             inGroup = false;
+       function behaviorDrawWay(context, wayID, mode, startGraph) {
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('rejectedSelfIntersection');
+         var behavior = behaviorDraw(context); // Must be set by `drawWay.nodeIndex` before each install of this behavior.
 
-             for (let i = 0; i < matchGroup.length; i++) {
-               const otherkv = matchGroup[i].toLowerCase();
-               if (!inGroup) {
-                 inGroup = otherkv === parts.kv;
-               }
-               if (!match) {
-                 // fixme: we currently return a single match for ambiguous
-                 match = _ambiguous[otherkv] && _ambiguous[otherkv][parts.nsimple];
-               }
-               if (!match) {
-                 match = _matchIndex[otherkv] && _matchIndex[otherkv][parts.nsimple];
-               }
+         var _nodeIndex;
 
-               if (match && !matchesCountryCode(match)) {
-                 match = null;
-               }
+         var _origWay;
 
-               if (inGroup && match) {
-                 return match;
-               }
-             }
-           }
+         var _wayGeometry;
 
-           return null;
+         var _headNodeID;
 
-           function matchesCountryCode(match) {
-             if (!countryCode) return true;
-             if (!match.countryCodes) return true;
-             return match.countryCodes.indexOf(countryCode) !== -1;
-           }
-         };
+         var _annotation;
 
+         var _pointerHasMoved = false; // The osmNode to be placed.
+         // This is temporary and just follows the mouse cursor until an "add" event occurs.
 
-         matcher.getWarnings = () => _warnings;
+         var _drawNode;
 
-         return matcher;
-       };
+         var _didResolveTempEdit = false;
 
-       var quickselect$1 = createCommonjsModule(function (module, exports) {
-       (function (global, factory) {
-                module.exports = factory() ;
-       }(commonjsGlobal, (function () {
-       function quickselect(arr, k, left, right, compare) {
-           quickselectStep(arr, k, left || 0, right || (arr.length - 1), compare || defaultCompare);
-       }
+         function createDrawNode(loc) {
+           // don't make the draw node until we actually need it
+           _drawNode = osmNode({
+             loc: loc
+           });
+           context.pauseChangeDispatch();
+           context.replace(function actionAddDrawNode(graph) {
+             // add the draw node to the graph and insert it into the way
+             var way = graph.entity(wayID);
+             return graph.replace(_drawNode).replace(way.addNode(_drawNode.id, _nodeIndex));
+           }, _annotation);
+           context.resumeChangeDispatch();
+           setActiveElements();
+         }
 
-       function quickselectStep(arr, k, left, right, compare) {
+         function removeDrawNode() {
+           context.pauseChangeDispatch();
+           context.replace(function actionDeleteDrawNode(graph) {
+             var way = graph.entity(wayID);
+             return graph.replace(way.removeNode(_drawNode.id)).remove(_drawNode);
+           }, _annotation);
+           _drawNode = undefined;
+           context.resumeChangeDispatch();
+         }
 
-           while (right > left) {
-               if (right - left > 600) {
-                   var n = right - left + 1;
-                   var m = k - left + 1;
-                   var z = Math.log(n);
-                   var s = 0.5 * Math.exp(2 * z / 3);
-                   var sd = 0.5 * Math.sqrt(z * s * (n - s) / n) * (m - n / 2 < 0 ? -1 : 1);
-                   var newLeft = Math.max(left, Math.floor(k - m * s / n + sd));
-                   var newRight = Math.min(right, Math.floor(k + (n - m) * s / n + sd));
-                   quickselectStep(arr, k, newLeft, newRight, compare);
-               }
+         function keydown(d3_event) {
+           if (d3_event.keyCode === utilKeybinding.modifierCodes.alt) {
+             if (context.surface().classed('nope')) {
+               context.surface().classed('nope-suppressed', true);
+             }
 
-               var t = arr[k];
-               var i = left;
-               var j = right;
+             context.surface().classed('nope', false).classed('nope-disabled', true);
+           }
+         }
 
-               swap(arr, left, k);
-               if (compare(arr[right], t) > 0) swap(arr, left, right);
+         function keyup(d3_event) {
+           if (d3_event.keyCode === utilKeybinding.modifierCodes.alt) {
+             if (context.surface().classed('nope-suppressed')) {
+               context.surface().classed('nope', true);
+             }
 
-               while (i < j) {
-                   swap(arr, i, j);
-                   i++;
-                   j--;
-                   while (compare(arr[i], t) < 0) i++;
-                   while (compare(arr[j], t) > 0) j--;
-               }
+             context.surface().classed('nope-suppressed', false).classed('nope-disabled', false);
+           }
+         }
 
-               if (compare(arr[left], t) === 0) swap(arr, left, j);
-               else {
-                   j++;
-                   swap(arr, j, right);
-               }
+         function allowsVertex(d) {
+           return d.geometry(context.graph()) === 'vertex' || _mainPresetIndex.allowsVertex(d, context.graph());
+         } // related code
+         // - `mode/drag_node.js`     `doMove()`
+         // - `behavior/draw.js`      `click()`
+         // - `behavior/draw_way.js`  `move()`
 
-               if (j <= k) left = j + 1;
-               if (k <= j) right = j - 1;
-           }
-       }
 
-       function swap(arr, i, j) {
-           var tmp = arr[i];
-           arr[i] = arr[j];
-           arr[j] = tmp;
-       }
+         function move(d3_event, datum) {
+           var loc = context.map().mouseCoordinates();
+           if (!_drawNode) createDrawNode(loc);
+           context.surface().classed('nope-disabled', d3_event.altKey);
+           var targetLoc = datum && datum.properties && datum.properties.entity && allowsVertex(datum.properties.entity) && datum.properties.entity.loc;
+           var targetNodes = datum && datum.properties && datum.properties.nodes;
 
-       function defaultCompare(a, b) {
-           return a < b ? -1 : a > b ? 1 : 0;
-       }
+           if (targetLoc) {
+             // snap to node/vertex - a point target with `.loc`
+             loc = targetLoc;
+           } else if (targetNodes) {
+             // snap to way - a line target with `.nodes`
+             var choice = geoChooseEdge(targetNodes, context.map().mouse(), context.projection, _drawNode.id);
 
-       return quickselect;
+             if (choice) {
+               loc = choice.loc;
+             }
+           }
 
-       })));
-       });
+           context.replace(actionMoveNode(_drawNode.id, loc), _annotation);
+           _drawNode = context.entity(_drawNode.id);
+           checkGeometry(true
+           /* includeDrawNode */
+           );
+         } // Check whether this edit causes the geometry to break.
+         // If so, class the surface with a nope cursor.
+         // `includeDrawNode` - Only check the relevant line segments if finishing drawing
 
-       var rbush_1 = rbush;
-       var _default$2 = rbush;
 
+         function checkGeometry(includeDrawNode) {
+           var nopeDisabled = context.surface().classed('nope-disabled');
+           var isInvalid = isInvalidGeometry(includeDrawNode);
 
+           if (nopeDisabled) {
+             context.surface().classed('nope', false).classed('nope-suppressed', isInvalid);
+           } else {
+             context.surface().classed('nope', isInvalid).classed('nope-suppressed', false);
+           }
+         }
 
-       function rbush(maxEntries, format) {
-           if (!(this instanceof rbush)) return new rbush(maxEntries, format);
+         function isInvalidGeometry(includeDrawNode) {
+           var testNode = _drawNode; // we only need to test the single way we're drawing
 
-           // max entries in a node is 9 by default; min node fill is 40% for best performance
-           this._maxEntries = Math.max(4, maxEntries || 9);
-           this._minEntries = Math.max(2, Math.ceil(this._maxEntries * 0.4));
+           var parentWay = context.graph().entity(wayID);
+           var nodes = context.graph().childNodes(parentWay).slice(); // shallow copy
 
-           if (format) {
-               this._initFormat(format);
+           if (includeDrawNode) {
+             if (parentWay.isClosed()) {
+               // don't test the last segment for closed ways - #4655
+               // (still test the first segment)
+               nodes.pop();
+             }
+           } else {
+             // discount the draw node
+             if (parentWay.isClosed()) {
+               if (nodes.length < 3) return false;
+               if (_drawNode) nodes.splice(-2, 1);
+               testNode = nodes[nodes.length - 2];
+             } else {
+               // there's nothing we need to test if we ignore the draw node on open ways
+               return false;
+             }
            }
 
-           this.clear();
-       }
-
-       rbush.prototype = {
+           return testNode && geoHasSelfIntersections(nodes, testNode.id);
+         }
 
-           all: function () {
-               return this._all(this.data, []);
-           },
+         function undone() {
+           // undoing removed the temp edit
+           _didResolveTempEdit = true;
+           context.pauseChangeDispatch();
+           var nextMode;
 
-           search: function (bbox) {
+           if (context.graph() === startGraph) {
+             // We've undone back to the initial state before we started drawing.
+             // Just exit the draw mode without undoing whatever we did before
+             // we entered the draw mode.
+             nextMode = modeSelect(context, [wayID]);
+           } else {
+             // The `undo` only removed the temporary edit, so here we have to
+             // manually undo to actually remove the last node we added. We can't
+             // use the `undo` function since the initial "add" graph doesn't have
+             // an annotation and so cannot be undone to.
+             context.pop(1); // continue drawing
 
-               var node = this.data,
-                   result = [],
-                   toBBox = this.toBBox;
+             nextMode = mode;
+           } // clear the redo stack by adding and removing a blank edit
 
-               if (!intersects$1(bbox, node)) return result;
 
-               var nodesToSearch = [],
-                   i, len, child, childBBox;
+           context.perform(actionNoop());
+           context.pop(1);
+           context.resumeChangeDispatch();
+           context.enter(nextMode);
+         }
 
-               while (node) {
-                   for (i = 0, len = node.children.length; i < len; i++) {
+         function setActiveElements() {
+           if (!_drawNode) return;
+           context.surface().selectAll('.' + _drawNode.id).classed('active', true);
+         }
 
-                       child = node.children[i];
-                       childBBox = node.leaf ? toBBox(child) : child;
+         function resetToStartGraph() {
+           while (context.graph() !== startGraph) {
+             context.pop();
+           }
+         }
 
-                       if (intersects$1(bbox, childBBox)) {
-                           if (node.leaf) result.push(child);
-                           else if (contains$2(bbox, childBBox)) this._all(child, result);
-                           else nodesToSearch.push(child);
-                       }
-                   }
-                   node = nodesToSearch.pop();
-               }
+         var drawWay = function drawWay(surface) {
+           _drawNode = undefined;
+           _didResolveTempEdit = false;
+           _origWay = context.entity(wayID);
 
-               return result;
-           },
+           if (typeof _nodeIndex === 'number') {
+             _headNodeID = _origWay.nodes[_nodeIndex];
+           } else if (_origWay.isClosed()) {
+             _headNodeID = _origWay.nodes[_origWay.nodes.length - 2];
+           } else {
+             _headNodeID = _origWay.nodes[_origWay.nodes.length - 1];
+           }
+
+           _wayGeometry = _origWay.geometry(context.graph());
+           _annotation = _t((_origWay.nodes.length === (_origWay.isClosed() ? 2 : 1) ? 'operations.start.annotation.' : 'operations.continue.annotation.') + _wayGeometry);
+           _pointerHasMoved = false; // Push an annotated state for undo to return back to.
+           // We must make sure to replace or remove it later.
+
+           context.pauseChangeDispatch();
+           context.perform(actionNoop(), _annotation);
+           context.resumeChangeDispatch();
+           behavior.hover().initialNodeID(_headNodeID);
+           behavior.on('move', function () {
+             _pointerHasMoved = true;
+             move.apply(this, arguments);
+           }).on('down', function () {
+             move.apply(this, arguments);
+           }).on('downcancel', function () {
+             if (_drawNode) removeDrawNode();
+           }).on('click', drawWay.add).on('clickWay', drawWay.addWay).on('clickNode', drawWay.addNode).on('undo', context.undo).on('cancel', drawWay.cancel).on('finish', drawWay.finish);
+           select(window).on('keydown.drawWay', keydown).on('keyup.drawWay', keyup);
+           context.map().dblclickZoomEnable(false).on('drawn.draw', setActiveElements);
+           setActiveElements();
+           surface.call(behavior);
+           context.history().on('undone.draw', undone);
+         };
+
+         drawWay.off = function (surface) {
+           if (!_didResolveTempEdit) {
+             // Drawing was interrupted unexpectedly.
+             // This can happen if the user changes modes,
+             // clicks geolocate button, a hashchange event occurs, etc.
+             context.pauseChangeDispatch();
+             resetToStartGraph();
+             context.resumeChangeDispatch();
+           }
+
+           _drawNode = undefined;
+           _nodeIndex = undefined;
+           context.map().on('drawn.draw', null);
+           surface.call(behavior.off).selectAll('.active').classed('active', false);
+           surface.classed('nope', false).classed('nope-suppressed', false).classed('nope-disabled', false);
+           select(window).on('keydown.drawWay', null).on('keyup.drawWay', null);
+           context.history().on('undone.draw', null);
+         };
+
+         function attemptAdd(d, loc, doAdd) {
+           if (_drawNode) {
+             // move the node to the final loc in case move wasn't called
+             // consistently (e.g. on touch devices)
+             context.replace(actionMoveNode(_drawNode.id, loc), _annotation);
+             _drawNode = context.entity(_drawNode.id);
+           } else {
+             createDrawNode(loc);
+           }
 
-           collides: function (bbox) {
+           checkGeometry(true
+           /* includeDrawNode */
+           );
 
-               var node = this.data,
-                   toBBox = this.toBBox;
+           if (d && d.properties && d.properties.nope || context.surface().classed('nope')) {
+             if (!_pointerHasMoved) {
+               // prevent the temporary draw node from appearing on touch devices
+               removeDrawNode();
+             }
 
-               if (!intersects$1(bbox, node)) return false;
+             dispatch.call('rejectedSelfIntersection', this);
+             return; // can't click here
+           }
 
-               var nodesToSearch = [],
-                   i, len, child, childBBox;
+           context.pauseChangeDispatch();
+           doAdd(); // we just replaced the temporary edit with the real one
 
-               while (node) {
-                   for (i = 0, len = node.children.length; i < len; i++) {
+           _didResolveTempEdit = true;
+           context.resumeChangeDispatch();
+           context.enter(mode);
+         } // Accept the current position of the drawing node
 
-                       child = node.children[i];
-                       childBBox = node.leaf ? toBBox(child) : child;
 
-                       if (intersects$1(bbox, childBBox)) {
-                           if (node.leaf || contains$2(bbox, childBBox)) return true;
-                           nodesToSearch.push(child);
-                       }
-                   }
-                   node = nodesToSearch.pop();
-               }
+         drawWay.add = function (loc, d) {
+           attemptAdd(d, loc, function () {// don't need to do anything extra
+           });
+         }; // Connect the way to an existing way
 
-               return false;
-           },
 
-           load: function (data) {
-               if (!(data && data.length)) return this;
+         drawWay.addWay = function (loc, edge, d) {
+           attemptAdd(d, loc, function () {
+             context.replace(actionAddMidpoint({
+               loc: loc,
+               edge: edge
+             }, _drawNode), _annotation);
+           });
+         }; // Connect the way to an existing node
 
-               if (data.length < this._minEntries) {
-                   for (var i = 0, len = data.length; i < len; i++) {
-                       this.insert(data[i]);
-                   }
-                   return this;
-               }
 
-               // recursively build the tree with the given data from scratch using OMT algorithm
-               var node = this._build(data.slice(), 0, data.length - 1, 0);
+         drawWay.addNode = function (node, d) {
+           // finish drawing if the mapper targets the prior node
+           if (node.id === _headNodeID || // or the first node when drawing an area
+           _origWay.isClosed() && node.id === _origWay.first()) {
+             drawWay.finish();
+             return;
+           }
 
-               if (!this.data.children.length) {
-                   // save as is if tree is empty
-                   this.data = node;
+           attemptAdd(d, node.loc, function () {
+             context.replace(function actionReplaceDrawNode(graph) {
+               // remove the temporary draw node and insert the existing node
+               // at the same index
+               graph = graph.replace(graph.entity(wayID).removeNode(_drawNode.id)).remove(_drawNode);
+               return graph.replace(graph.entity(wayID).addNode(node.id, _nodeIndex));
+             }, _annotation);
+           });
+         }; // Finish the draw operation, removing the temporary edit.
+         // If the way has enough nodes to be valid, it's selected.
+         // Otherwise, delete everything and return to browse mode.
 
-               } else if (this.data.height === node.height) {
-                   // split root if trees have the same height
-                   this._splitRoot(this.data, node);
 
-               } else {
-                   if (this.data.height < node.height) {
-                       // swap trees if inserted one is bigger
-                       var tmpNode = this.data;
-                       this.data = node;
-                       node = tmpNode;
-                   }
+         drawWay.finish = function () {
+           checkGeometry(false
+           /* includeDrawNode */
+           );
 
-                   // insert the small tree into the large tree at appropriate level
-                   this._insert(node, this.data.height - node.height - 1, true);
-               }
+           if (context.surface().classed('nope')) {
+             dispatch.call('rejectedSelfIntersection', this);
+             return; // can't click here
+           }
 
-               return this;
-           },
+           context.pauseChangeDispatch(); // remove the temporary edit
 
-           insert: function (item) {
-               if (item) this._insert(item, this.data.height - 1);
-               return this;
-           },
+           context.pop(1);
+           _didResolveTempEdit = true;
+           context.resumeChangeDispatch();
+           var way = context.hasEntity(wayID);
 
-           clear: function () {
-               this.data = createNode$1([]);
-               return this;
-           },
+           if (!way || way.isDegenerate()) {
+             drawWay.cancel();
+             return;
+           }
 
-           remove: function (item, equalsFn) {
-               if (!item) return this;
+           window.setTimeout(function () {
+             context.map().dblclickZoomEnable(true);
+           }, 1000);
+           var isNewFeature = !mode.isContinuing;
+           context.enter(modeSelect(context, [wayID]).newFeature(isNewFeature));
+         }; // Cancel the draw operation, delete everything, and return to browse mode.
 
-               var node = this.data,
-                   bbox = this.toBBox(item),
-                   path = [],
-                   indexes = [],
-                   i, parent, index, goingUp;
 
-               // depth-first iterative tree traversal
-               while (node || path.length) {
+         drawWay.cancel = function () {
+           context.pauseChangeDispatch();
+           resetToStartGraph();
+           context.resumeChangeDispatch();
+           window.setTimeout(function () {
+             context.map().dblclickZoomEnable(true);
+           }, 1000);
+           context.surface().classed('nope', false).classed('nope-disabled', false).classed('nope-suppressed', false);
+           context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+         };
 
-                   if (!node) { // go up
-                       node = path.pop();
-                       parent = path[path.length - 1];
-                       i = indexes.pop();
-                       goingUp = true;
-                   }
+         drawWay.nodeIndex = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _nodeIndex;
+           _nodeIndex = val;
+           return drawWay;
+         };
 
-                   if (node.leaf) { // check current node
-                       index = findItem$1(item, node.children, equalsFn);
+         drawWay.activeID = function () {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _drawNode && _drawNode.id; // no assign
 
-                       if (index !== -1) {
-                           // item found, remove the item and condense tree upwards
-                           node.children.splice(index, 1);
-                           path.push(node);
-                           this._condense(path);
-                           return this;
-                       }
-                   }
+           return drawWay;
+         };
 
-                   if (!goingUp && !node.leaf && contains$2(node, bbox)) { // go down
-                       path.push(node);
-                       indexes.push(i);
-                       i = 0;
-                       parent = node;
-                       node = node.children[0];
+         return utilRebind(drawWay, dispatch, 'on');
+       }
 
-                   } else if (parent) { // go right
-                       i++;
-                       node = parent.children[i];
-                       goingUp = false;
+       function modeDrawLine(context, wayID, startGraph, button, affix, continuing) {
+         var mode = {
+           button: button,
+           id: 'draw-line'
+         };
+         var behavior = behaviorDrawWay(context, wayID, mode, startGraph).on('rejectedSelfIntersection.modeDrawLine', function () {
+           context.ui().flash.iconName('#iD-icon-no').label(_t('self_intersection.error.lines'))();
+         });
+         mode.wayID = wayID;
+         mode.isContinuing = continuing;
 
-                   } else node = null; // nothing found
-               }
+         mode.enter = function () {
+           behavior.nodeIndex(affix === 'prefix' ? 0 : undefined);
+           context.install(behavior);
+         };
 
-               return this;
-           },
+         mode.exit = function () {
+           context.uninstall(behavior);
+         };
 
-           toBBox: function (item) { return item; },
+         mode.selectedIDs = function () {
+           return [wayID];
+         };
 
-           compareMinX: compareNodeMinX$1,
-           compareMinY: compareNodeMinY$1,
+         mode.activeID = function () {
+           return behavior && behavior.activeID() || [];
+         };
 
-           toJSON: function () { return this.data; },
+         return mode;
+       }
 
-           fromJSON: function (data) {
-               this.data = data;
-               return this;
-           },
+       function validationDisconnectedWay() {
+         var type = 'disconnected_way';
 
-           _all: function (node, result) {
-               var nodesToSearch = [];
-               while (node) {
-                   if (node.leaf) result.push.apply(result, node.children);
-                   else nodesToSearch.push.apply(nodesToSearch, node.children);
+         function isTaggedAsHighway(entity) {
+           return osmRoutableHighwayTagValues[entity.tags.highway];
+         }
 
-                   node = nodesToSearch.pop();
-               }
-               return result;
-           },
+         var validation = function checkDisconnectedWay(entity, graph) {
+           var routingIslandWays = routingIslandForEntity(entity);
+           if (!routingIslandWays) return [];
+           return [new validationIssue({
+             type: type,
+             subtype: 'highway',
+             severity: 'warning',
+             message: function message(context) {
+               var entity = this.entityIds.length && context.hasEntity(this.entityIds[0]);
+               var label = entity && utilDisplayLabel(entity, context.graph());
+               return _t.html('issues.disconnected_way.routable.message', {
+                 count: this.entityIds.length,
+                 highway: label
+               });
+             },
+             reference: showReference,
+             entityIds: Array.from(routingIslandWays).map(function (way) {
+               return way.id;
+             }),
+             dynamicFixes: makeFixes
+           })];
 
-           _build: function (items, left, right, height) {
+           function makeFixes(context) {
+             var fixes = [];
+             var singleEntity = this.entityIds.length === 1 && context.hasEntity(this.entityIds[0]);
 
-               var N = right - left + 1,
-                   M = this._maxEntries,
-                   node;
+             if (singleEntity) {
+               if (singleEntity.type === 'way' && !singleEntity.isClosed()) {
+                 var textDirection = _mainLocalizer.textDirection();
+                 var startFix = makeContinueDrawingFixIfAllowed(textDirection, singleEntity.first(), 'start');
+                 if (startFix) fixes.push(startFix);
+                 var endFix = makeContinueDrawingFixIfAllowed(textDirection, singleEntity.last(), 'end');
+                 if (endFix) fixes.push(endFix);
+               }
 
-               if (N <= M) {
-                   // reached leaf level; return leaf
-                   node = createNode$1(items.slice(left, right + 1));
-                   calcBBox$1(node, this.toBBox);
-                   return node;
+               if (!fixes.length) {
+                 fixes.push(new validationIssueFix({
+                   title: _t.html('issues.fix.connect_feature.title')
+                 }));
                }
 
-               if (!height) {
-                   // target height of the bulk-loaded tree
-                   height = Math.ceil(Math.log(N) / Math.log(M));
+               fixes.push(new validationIssueFix({
+                 icon: 'iD-operation-delete',
+                 title: _t.html('issues.fix.delete_feature.title'),
+                 entityIds: [singleEntity.id],
+                 onClick: function onClick(context) {
+                   var id = this.issue.entityIds[0];
+                   var operation = operationDelete(context, [id]);
 
-                   // target number of root entries to maximize storage utilization
-                   M = Math.ceil(N / Math.pow(M, height - 1));
-               }
+                   if (!operation.disabled()) {
+                     operation();
+                   }
+                 }
+               }));
+             } else {
+               fixes.push(new validationIssueFix({
+                 title: _t.html('issues.fix.connect_features.title')
+               }));
+             }
 
-               node = createNode$1([]);
-               node.leaf = false;
-               node.height = height;
+             return fixes;
+           }
+
+           function showReference(selection) {
+             selection.selectAll('.issue-reference').data([0]).enter().append('div').attr('class', 'issue-reference').html(_t.html('issues.disconnected_way.routable.reference'));
+           }
 
-               // split the items into M mostly square tiles
+           function routingIslandForEntity(entity) {
+             var routingIsland = new Set(); // the interconnected routable features
 
-               var N2 = Math.ceil(N / M),
-                   N1 = N2 * Math.ceil(Math.sqrt(M)),
-                   i, j, right2, right3;
+             var waysToCheck = []; // the queue of remaining routable ways to traverse
 
-               multiSelect$1(items, left, right, N1, this.compareMinX);
+             function queueParentWays(node) {
+               graph.parentWays(node).forEach(function (parentWay) {
+                 if (!routingIsland.has(parentWay) && // only check each feature once
+                 isRoutableWay(parentWay, false)) {
+                   // only check routable features
+                   routingIsland.add(parentWay);
+                   waysToCheck.push(parentWay);
+                 }
+               });
+             }
 
-               for (i = left; i <= right; i += N1) {
+             if (entity.type === 'way' && isRoutableWay(entity, true)) {
+               routingIsland.add(entity);
+               waysToCheck.push(entity);
+             } else if (entity.type === 'node' && isRoutableNode(entity)) {
+               routingIsland.add(entity);
+               queueParentWays(entity);
+             } else {
+               // this feature isn't routable, cannot be a routing island
+               return null;
+             }
 
-                   right2 = Math.min(i + N1 - 1, right);
+             while (waysToCheck.length) {
+               var wayToCheck = waysToCheck.pop();
+               var childNodes = graph.childNodes(wayToCheck);
 
-                   multiSelect$1(items, i, right2, N2, this.compareMinY);
+               for (var i in childNodes) {
+                 var vertex = childNodes[i];
 
-                   for (j = i; j <= right2; j += N2) {
+                 if (isConnectedVertex(vertex)) {
+                   // found a link to the wider network, not a routing island
+                   return null;
+                 }
 
-                       right3 = Math.min(j + N2 - 1, right2);
+                 if (isRoutableNode(vertex)) {
+                   routingIsland.add(vertex);
+                 }
 
-                       // pack each entry recursively
-                       node.children.push(this._build(items, j, right3, height - 1));
-                   }
+                 queueParentWays(vertex);
                }
+             } // no network link found, this is a routing island, return its members
 
-               calcBBox$1(node, this.toBBox);
 
-               return node;
-           },
+             return routingIsland;
+           }
 
-           _chooseSubtree: function (bbox, node, level, path) {
+           function isConnectedVertex(vertex) {
+             // assume ways overlapping unloaded tiles are connected to the wider road network  - #5938
+             var osm = services.osm;
+             if (osm && !osm.isDataLoaded(vertex.loc)) return true; // entrances are considered connected
 
-               var i, len, child, targetNode, area, enlargement, minArea, minEnlargement;
+             if (vertex.tags.entrance && vertex.tags.entrance !== 'no') return true;
+             if (vertex.tags.amenity === 'parking_entrance') return true;
+             return false;
+           }
 
-               while (true) {
-                   path.push(node);
+           function isRoutableNode(node) {
+             // treat elevators as distinct features in the highway network
+             if (node.tags.highway === 'elevator') return true;
+             return false;
+           }
 
-                   if (node.leaf || path.length - 1 === level) break;
+           function isRoutableWay(way, ignoreInnerWays) {
+             if (isTaggedAsHighway(way) || way.tags.route === 'ferry') return true;
+             return graph.parentRelations(way).some(function (parentRelation) {
+               if (parentRelation.tags.type === 'route' && parentRelation.tags.route === 'ferry') return true;
+               if (parentRelation.isMultipolygon() && isTaggedAsHighway(parentRelation) && (!ignoreInnerWays || parentRelation.memberById(way.id).role !== 'inner')) return true;
+               return false;
+             });
+           }
 
-                   minArea = minEnlargement = Infinity;
+           function makeContinueDrawingFixIfAllowed(textDirection, vertexID, whichEnd) {
+             var vertex = graph.hasEntity(vertexID);
+             if (!vertex || vertex.tags.noexit === 'yes') return null;
+             var useLeftContinue = whichEnd === 'start' && textDirection === 'ltr' || whichEnd === 'end' && textDirection === 'rtl';
+             return new validationIssueFix({
+               icon: 'iD-operation-continue' + (useLeftContinue ? '-left' : ''),
+               title: _t.html('issues.fix.continue_from_' + whichEnd + '.title'),
+               entityIds: [vertexID],
+               onClick: function onClick(context) {
+                 var wayId = this.issue.entityIds[0];
+                 var way = context.hasEntity(wayId);
+                 var vertexId = this.entityIds[0];
+                 var vertex = context.hasEntity(vertexId);
+                 if (!way || !vertex) return; // make sure the vertex is actually visible and editable
+
+                 var map = context.map();
+
+                 if (!context.editable() || !map.trimmedExtent().contains(vertex.loc)) {
+                   map.zoomToEase(vertex);
+                 }
 
-                   for (i = 0, len = node.children.length; i < len; i++) {
-                       child = node.children[i];
-                       area = bboxArea$1(child);
-                       enlargement = enlargedArea$1(bbox, child) - area;
+                 context.enter(modeDrawLine(context, wayId, context.graph(), 'line', way.affix(vertexId), true));
+               }
+             });
+           }
+         };
 
-                       // choose entry with the least area enlargement
-                       if (enlargement < minEnlargement) {
-                           minEnlargement = enlargement;
-                           minArea = area < minArea ? area : minArea;
-                           targetNode = child;
+         validation.type = type;
+         return validation;
+       }
 
-                       } else if (enlargement === minEnlargement) {
-                           // otherwise choose one with the smallest area
-                           if (area < minArea) {
-                               minArea = area;
-                               targetNode = child;
-                           }
-                       }
-                   }
+       function validationFormatting() {
+         var type = 'invalid_format';
 
-                   node = targetNode || node.children[0];
-               }
+         var validation = function validation(entity) {
+           var issues = [];
 
-               return node;
-           },
+           function isValidEmail(email) {
+             // Emails in OSM are going to be official so they should be pretty simple
+             // Using negated lists to better support all possible unicode characters (#6494)
+             var valid_email = /^[^\(\)\\,":;<>@\[\]]+@[^\(\)\\,":;<>@\[\]\.]+(?:\.[a-z0-9-]+)*$/i; // An empty value is also acceptable
 
-           _insert: function (item, level, isNode) {
+             return !email || valid_email.test(email);
+           }
+           /*
+           function isSchemePresent(url) {
+               var valid_scheme = /^https?:\/\//i;
+               return (!url || valid_scheme.test(url));
+           }
+           */
 
-               var toBBox = this.toBBox,
-                   bbox = isNode ? item : toBBox(item),
-                   insertPath = [];
 
-               // find the best node for accommodating the item, saving all nodes along the path too
-               var node = this._chooseSubtree(bbox, this.data, level, insertPath);
+           function showReferenceEmail(selection) {
+             selection.selectAll('.issue-reference').data([0]).enter().append('div').attr('class', 'issue-reference').html(_t.html('issues.invalid_format.email.reference'));
+           }
+           /*
+           function showReferenceWebsite(selection) {
+               selection.selectAll('.issue-reference')
+                   .data([0])
+                   .enter()
+                   .append('div')
+                   .attr('class', 'issue-reference')
+                   .html(t.html('issues.invalid_format.website.reference'));
+           }
+            if (entity.tags.website) {
+               // Multiple websites are possible
+               // If ever we support ES6, arrow functions make this nicer
+               var websites = entity.tags.website
+                   .split(';')
+                   .map(function(s) { return s.trim(); })
+                   .filter(function(x) { return !isSchemePresent(x); });
+                if (websites.length) {
+                   issues.push(new validationIssue({
+                       type: type,
+                       subtype: 'website',
+                       severity: 'warning',
+                       message: function(context) {
+                           var entity = context.hasEntity(this.entityIds[0]);
+                           return entity ? t.html('issues.invalid_format.website.message' + this.data,
+                               { feature: utilDisplayLabel(entity, context.graph()), site: websites.join(', ') }) : '';
+                       },
+                       reference: showReferenceWebsite,
+                       entityIds: [entity.id],
+                       hash: websites.join(),
+                       data: (websites.length > 1) ? '_multi' : ''
+                   }));
+               }
+           }
+           */
 
-               // put the item into the node
-               node.children.push(item);
-               extend$3(node, bbox);
 
-               // split on node overflow; propagate upwards if necessary
-               while (level >= 0) {
-                   if (insertPath[level].children.length > this._maxEntries) {
-                       this._split(insertPath, level);
-                       level--;
-                   } else break;
-               }
+           if (entity.tags.email) {
+             // Multiple emails are possible
+             var emails = entity.tags.email.split(';').map(function (s) {
+               return s.trim();
+             }).filter(function (x) {
+               return !isValidEmail(x);
+             });
 
-               // adjust bboxes along the insertion path
-               this._adjustParentBBoxes(bbox, insertPath, level);
-           },
+             if (emails.length) {
+               issues.push(new validationIssue({
+                 type: type,
+                 subtype: 'email',
+                 severity: 'warning',
+                 message: function message(context) {
+                   var entity = context.hasEntity(this.entityIds[0]);
+                   return entity ? _t.html('issues.invalid_format.email.message' + this.data, {
+                     feature: utilDisplayLabel(entity, context.graph()),
+                     email: emails.join(', ')
+                   }) : '';
+                 },
+                 reference: showReferenceEmail,
+                 entityIds: [entity.id],
+                 hash: emails.join(),
+                 data: emails.length > 1 ? '_multi' : ''
+               }));
+             }
+           }
 
-           // split overflowed node into two
-           _split: function (insertPath, level) {
+           return issues;
+         };
 
-               var node = insertPath[level],
-                   M = node.children.length,
-                   m = this._minEntries;
+         validation.type = type;
+         return validation;
+       }
 
-               this._chooseSplitAxis(node, m, M);
+       function validationHelpRequest(context) {
+         var type = 'help_request';
 
-               var splitIndex = this._chooseSplitIndex(node, m, M);
+         var validation = function checkFixmeTag(entity) {
+           if (!entity.tags.fixme) return []; // don't flag fixmes on features added by the user
 
-               var newNode = createNode$1(node.children.splice(splitIndex, node.children.length - splitIndex));
-               newNode.height = node.height;
-               newNode.leaf = node.leaf;
+           if (entity.version === undefined) return [];
 
-               calcBBox$1(node, this.toBBox);
-               calcBBox$1(newNode, this.toBBox);
+           if (entity.v !== undefined) {
+             var baseEntity = context.history().base().hasEntity(entity.id); // don't flag fixmes added by the user on existing features
 
-               if (level) insertPath[level - 1].children.push(newNode);
-               else this._splitRoot(node, newNode);
-           },
+             if (!baseEntity || !baseEntity.tags.fixme) return [];
+           }
 
-           _splitRoot: function (node, newNode) {
-               // split root node
-               this.data = createNode$1([node, newNode]);
-               this.data.height = node.height + 1;
-               this.data.leaf = false;
-               calcBBox$1(this.data, this.toBBox);
-           },
+           return [new validationIssue({
+             type: type,
+             subtype: 'fixme_tag',
+             severity: 'warning',
+             message: function message(context) {
+               var entity = context.hasEntity(this.entityIds[0]);
+               return entity ? _t.html('issues.fixme_tag.message', {
+                 feature: utilDisplayLabel(entity, context.graph(), true
+                 /* verbose */
+                 )
+               }) : '';
+             },
+             dynamicFixes: function dynamicFixes() {
+               return [new validationIssueFix({
+                 title: _t.html('issues.fix.address_the_concern.title')
+               })];
+             },
+             reference: showReference,
+             entityIds: [entity.id]
+           })];
 
-           _chooseSplitIndex: function (node, m, M) {
+           function showReference(selection) {
+             selection.selectAll('.issue-reference').data([0]).enter().append('div').attr('class', 'issue-reference').html(_t.html('issues.fixme_tag.reference'));
+           }
+         };
 
-               var i, bbox1, bbox2, overlap, area, minOverlap, minArea, index;
+         validation.type = type;
+         return validation;
+       }
 
-               minOverlap = minArea = Infinity;
+       function validationImpossibleOneway() {
+         var type = 'impossible_oneway';
+
+         var validation = function checkImpossibleOneway(entity, graph) {
+           if (entity.type !== 'way' || entity.geometry(graph) !== 'line') return [];
+           if (entity.isClosed()) return [];
+           if (!typeForWay(entity)) return [];
+           if (!isOneway(entity)) return [];
+           var firstIssues = issuesForNode(entity, entity.first());
+           var lastIssues = issuesForNode(entity, entity.last());
+           return firstIssues.concat(lastIssues);
+
+           function typeForWay(way) {
+             if (way.geometry(graph) !== 'line') return null;
+             if (osmRoutableHighwayTagValues[way.tags.highway]) return 'highway';
+             if (osmFlowingWaterwayTagValues[way.tags.waterway]) return 'waterway';
+             return null;
+           }
 
-               for (i = m; i <= M - m; i++) {
-                   bbox1 = distBBox$1(node, 0, i, this.toBBox);
-                   bbox2 = distBBox$1(node, i, M, this.toBBox);
+           function isOneway(way) {
+             if (way.tags.oneway === 'yes') return true;
+             if (way.tags.oneway) return false;
 
-                   overlap = intersectionArea$1(bbox1, bbox2);
-                   area = bboxArea$1(bbox1) + bboxArea$1(bbox2);
+             for (var key in way.tags) {
+               if (osmOneWayTags[key] && osmOneWayTags[key][way.tags[key]]) {
+                 return true;
+               }
+             }
 
-                   // choose distribution with minimum overlap
-                   if (overlap < minOverlap) {
-                       minOverlap = overlap;
-                       index = i;
+             return false;
+           }
 
-                       minArea = area < minArea ? area : minArea;
+           function nodeOccursMoreThanOnce(way, nodeID) {
+             var occurrences = 0;
 
-                   } else if (overlap === minOverlap) {
-                       // otherwise choose distribution with minimum area
-                       if (area < minArea) {
-                           minArea = area;
-                           index = i;
-                       }
-                   }
+             for (var index in way.nodes) {
+               if (way.nodes[index] === nodeID) {
+                 occurrences += 1;
+                 if (occurrences > 1) return true;
                }
+             }
 
-               return index;
-           },
-
-           // sorts node children by the best axis for split
-           _chooseSplitAxis: function (node, m, M) {
+             return false;
+           }
 
-               var compareMinX = node.leaf ? this.compareMinX : compareNodeMinX$1,
-                   compareMinY = node.leaf ? this.compareMinY : compareNodeMinY$1,
-                   xMargin = this._allDistMargin(node, m, M, compareMinX),
-                   yMargin = this._allDistMargin(node, m, M, compareMinY);
+           function isConnectedViaOtherTypes(way, node) {
+             var wayType = typeForWay(way);
 
-               // if total distributions margin value is minimal for x, sort by minX,
-               // otherwise it's already sorted by minY
-               if (xMargin < yMargin) node.children.sort(compareMinX);
-           },
+             if (wayType === 'highway') {
+               // entrances are considered connected
+               if (node.tags.entrance && node.tags.entrance !== 'no') return true;
+               if (node.tags.amenity === 'parking_entrance') return true;
+             } else if (wayType === 'waterway') {
+               if (node.id === way.first()) {
+                 // multiple waterways may start at the same spring
+                 if (node.tags.natural === 'spring') return true;
+               } else {
+                 // multiple waterways may end at the same drain
+                 if (node.tags.manhole === 'drain') return true;
+               }
+             }
 
-           // total margin of all possible split distributions where each node is at least m full
-           _allDistMargin: function (node, m, M, compare) {
+             return graph.parentWays(node).some(function (parentWay) {
+               if (parentWay.id === way.id) return false;
 
-               node.children.sort(compare);
+               if (wayType === 'highway') {
+                 // allow connections to highway areas
+                 if (parentWay.geometry(graph) === 'area' && osmRoutableHighwayTagValues[parentWay.tags.highway]) return true; // count connections to ferry routes as connected
 
-               var toBBox = this.toBBox,
-                   leftBBox = distBBox$1(node, 0, m, toBBox),
-                   rightBBox = distBBox$1(node, M - m, M, toBBox),
-                   margin = bboxMargin$1(leftBBox) + bboxMargin$1(rightBBox),
-                   i, child;
+                 if (parentWay.tags.route === 'ferry') return true;
+                 return graph.parentRelations(parentWay).some(function (parentRelation) {
+                   if (parentRelation.tags.type === 'route' && parentRelation.tags.route === 'ferry') return true; // allow connections to highway multipolygons
 
-               for (i = m; i < M - m; i++) {
-                   child = node.children[i];
-                   extend$3(leftBBox, node.leaf ? toBBox(child) : child);
-                   margin += bboxMargin$1(leftBBox);
+                   return parentRelation.isMultipolygon() && osmRoutableHighwayTagValues[parentRelation.tags.highway];
+                 });
+               } else if (wayType === 'waterway') {
+                 // multiple waterways may start or end at a water body at the same node
+                 if (parentWay.tags.natural === 'water' || parentWay.tags.natural === 'coastline') return true;
                }
 
-               for (i = M - m - 1; i >= m; i--) {
-                   child = node.children[i];
-                   extend$3(rightBBox, node.leaf ? toBBox(child) : child);
-                   margin += bboxMargin$1(rightBBox);
-               }
+               return false;
+             });
+           }
 
-               return margin;
-           },
+           function issuesForNode(way, nodeID) {
+             var isFirst = nodeID === way.first();
+             var wayType = typeForWay(way); // ignore if this way is self-connected at this node
 
-           _adjustParentBBoxes: function (bbox, path, level) {
-               // adjust bboxes along the given tree path
-               for (var i = level; i >= 0; i--) {
-                   extend$3(path[i], bbox);
-               }
-           },
+             if (nodeOccursMoreThanOnce(way, nodeID)) return [];
+             var osm = services.osm;
+             if (!osm) return [];
+             var node = graph.hasEntity(nodeID); // ignore if this node or its tile are unloaded
 
-           _condense: function (path) {
-               // go through the path, removing empty nodes and updating bboxes
-               for (var i = path.length - 1, siblings; i >= 0; i--) {
-                   if (path[i].children.length === 0) {
-                       if (i > 0) {
-                           siblings = path[i - 1].children;
-                           siblings.splice(siblings.indexOf(path[i]), 1);
+             if (!node || !osm.isDataLoaded(node.loc)) return [];
+             if (isConnectedViaOtherTypes(way, node)) return [];
+             var attachedWaysOfSameType = graph.parentWays(node).filter(function (parentWay) {
+               if (parentWay.id === way.id) return false;
+               return typeForWay(parentWay) === wayType;
+             }); // assume it's okay for waterways to start or end disconnected for now
 
-                       } else this.clear();
+             if (wayType === 'waterway' && attachedWaysOfSameType.length === 0) return [];
+             var attachedOneways = attachedWaysOfSameType.filter(function (attachedWay) {
+               return isOneway(attachedWay);
+             }); // ignore if the way is connected to some non-oneway features
 
-                   } else calcBBox$1(path[i], this.toBBox);
-               }
-           },
+             if (attachedOneways.length < attachedWaysOfSameType.length) return [];
 
-           _initFormat: function (format) {
-               // data format (minX, minY, maxX, maxY accessors)
+             if (attachedOneways.length) {
+               var connectedEndpointsOkay = attachedOneways.some(function (attachedOneway) {
+                 if ((isFirst ? attachedOneway.first() : attachedOneway.last()) !== nodeID) return true;
+                 if (nodeOccursMoreThanOnce(attachedOneway, nodeID)) return true;
+                 return false;
+               });
+               if (connectedEndpointsOkay) return [];
+             }
 
-               // uses eval-type function compilation instead of just accepting a toBBox function
-               // because the algorithms are very sensitive to sorting functions performance,
-               // so they should be dead simple and without inner calls
+             var placement = isFirst ? 'start' : 'end',
+                 messageID = wayType + '.',
+                 referenceID = wayType + '.';
 
-               var compareArr = ['return a', ' - b', ';'];
+             if (wayType === 'waterway') {
+               messageID += 'connected.' + placement;
+               referenceID += 'connected';
+             } else {
+               messageID += placement;
+               referenceID += placement;
+             }
 
-               this.compareMinX = new Function('a', 'b', compareArr.join(format[0]));
-               this.compareMinY = new Function('a', 'b', compareArr.join(format[1]));
+             return [new validationIssue({
+               type: type,
+               subtype: wayType,
+               severity: 'warning',
+               message: function message(context) {
+                 var entity = context.hasEntity(this.entityIds[0]);
+                 return entity ? _t.html('issues.impossible_oneway.' + messageID + '.message', {
+                   feature: utilDisplayLabel(entity, context.graph())
+                 }) : '';
+               },
+               reference: getReference(referenceID),
+               entityIds: [way.id, node.id],
+               dynamicFixes: function dynamicFixes() {
+                 var fixes = [];
 
-               this.toBBox = new Function('a',
-                   'return {minX: a' + format[0] +
-                   ', minY: a' + format[1] +
-                   ', maxX: a' + format[2] +
-                   ', maxY: a' + format[3] + '};');
-           }
-       };
+                 if (attachedOneways.length) {
+                   fixes.push(new validationIssueFix({
+                     icon: 'iD-operation-reverse',
+                     title: _t.html('issues.fix.reverse_feature.title'),
+                     entityIds: [way.id],
+                     onClick: function onClick(context) {
+                       var id = this.issue.entityIds[0];
+                       context.perform(actionReverse(id), _t('operations.reverse.annotation.line', {
+                         n: 1
+                       }));
+                     }
+                   }));
+                 }
 
-       function findItem$1(item, items, equalsFn) {
-           if (!equalsFn) return items.indexOf(item);
+                 if (node.tags.noexit !== 'yes') {
+                   var textDirection = _mainLocalizer.textDirection();
+                   var useLeftContinue = isFirst && textDirection === 'ltr' || !isFirst && textDirection === 'rtl';
+                   fixes.push(new validationIssueFix({
+                     icon: 'iD-operation-continue' + (useLeftContinue ? '-left' : ''),
+                     title: _t.html('issues.fix.continue_from_' + (isFirst ? 'start' : 'end') + '.title'),
+                     onClick: function onClick(context) {
+                       var entityID = this.issue.entityIds[0];
+                       var vertexID = this.issue.entityIds[1];
+                       var way = context.entity(entityID);
+                       var vertex = context.entity(vertexID);
+                       continueDrawing(way, vertex, context);
+                     }
+                   }));
+                 }
 
-           for (var i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {
-               if (equalsFn(item, items[i])) return i;
-           }
-           return -1;
-       }
+                 return fixes;
+               },
+               loc: node.loc
+             })];
 
-       // calculate node's bbox from bboxes of its children
-       function calcBBox$1(node, toBBox) {
-           distBBox$1(node, 0, node.children.length, toBBox, node);
-       }
+             function getReference(referenceID) {
+               return function showReference(selection) {
+                 selection.selectAll('.issue-reference').data([0]).enter().append('div').attr('class', 'issue-reference').html(_t.html('issues.impossible_oneway.' + referenceID + '.reference'));
+               };
+             }
+           }
+         };
 
-       // min bounding rectangle of node children from k to p-1
-       function distBBox$1(node, k, p, toBBox, destNode) {
-           if (!destNode) destNode = createNode$1(null);
-           destNode.minX = Infinity;
-           destNode.minY = Infinity;
-           destNode.maxX = -Infinity;
-           destNode.maxY = -Infinity;
+         function continueDrawing(way, vertex, context) {
+           // make sure the vertex is actually visible and editable
+           var map = context.map();
 
-           for (var i = k, child; i < p; i++) {
-               child = node.children[i];
-               extend$3(destNode, node.leaf ? toBBox(child) : child);
+           if (!context.editable() || !map.trimmedExtent().contains(vertex.loc)) {
+             map.zoomToEase(vertex);
            }
 
-           return destNode;
-       }
+           context.enter(modeDrawLine(context, way.id, context.graph(), 'line', way.affix(vertex.id), true));
+         }
 
-       function extend$3(a, b) {
-           a.minX = Math.min(a.minX, b.minX);
-           a.minY = Math.min(a.minY, b.minY);
-           a.maxX = Math.max(a.maxX, b.maxX);
-           a.maxY = Math.max(a.maxY, b.maxY);
-           return a;
+         validation.type = type;
+         return validation;
        }
 
-       function compareNodeMinX$1(a, b) { return a.minX - b.minX; }
-       function compareNodeMinY$1(a, b) { return a.minY - b.minY; }
+       function validationIncompatibleSource() {
+         var type = 'incompatible_source';
+         var invalidSources = [{
+           id: 'google',
+           regex: 'google',
+           exceptRegex: 'books.google|Google Books|drive.google|googledrive|Google Drive'
+         }];
+
+         var validation = function checkIncompatibleSource(entity) {
+           var entitySources = entity.tags && entity.tags.source && entity.tags.source.split(';');
+           if (!entitySources) return [];
+           var issues = [];
+           invalidSources.forEach(function (invalidSource) {
+             var hasInvalidSource = entitySources.some(function (source) {
+               if (!source.match(new RegExp(invalidSource.regex, 'i'))) return false;
+               if (invalidSource.exceptRegex && source.match(new RegExp(invalidSource.exceptRegex, 'i'))) return false;
+               return true;
+             });
+             if (!hasInvalidSource) return;
+             issues.push(new validationIssue({
+               type: type,
+               severity: 'warning',
+               message: function message(context) {
+                 var entity = context.hasEntity(this.entityIds[0]);
+                 return entity ? _t.html('issues.incompatible_source.' + invalidSource.id + '.feature.message', {
+                   feature: utilDisplayLabel(entity, context.graph(), true
+                   /* verbose */
+                   )
+                 }) : '';
+               },
+               reference: getReference(invalidSource.id),
+               entityIds: [entity.id],
+               dynamicFixes: function dynamicFixes() {
+                 return [new validationIssueFix({
+                   title: _t.html('issues.fix.remove_proprietary_data.title')
+                 })];
+               }
+             }));
+           });
+           return issues;
 
-       function bboxArea$1(a)   { return (a.maxX - a.minX) * (a.maxY - a.minY); }
-       function bboxMargin$1(a) { return (a.maxX - a.minX) + (a.maxY - a.minY); }
+           function getReference(id) {
+             return function showReference(selection) {
+               selection.selectAll('.issue-reference').data([0]).enter().append('div').attr('class', 'issue-reference').html(_t.html('issues.incompatible_source.' + id + '.reference'));
+             };
+           }
+         };
 
-       function enlargedArea$1(a, b) {
-           return (Math.max(b.maxX, a.maxX) - Math.min(b.minX, a.minX)) *
-                  (Math.max(b.maxY, a.maxY) - Math.min(b.minY, a.minY));
+         validation.type = type;
+         return validation;
        }
 
-       function intersectionArea$1(a, b) {
-           var minX = Math.max(a.minX, b.minX),
-               minY = Math.max(a.minY, b.minY),
-               maxX = Math.min(a.maxX, b.maxX),
-               maxY = Math.min(a.maxY, b.maxY);
+       function validationMaprules() {
+         var type = 'maprules';
 
-           return Math.max(0, maxX - minX) *
-                  Math.max(0, maxY - minY);
-       }
+         var validation = function checkMaprules(entity, graph) {
+           if (!services.maprules) return [];
+           var rules = services.maprules.validationRules();
+           var issues = [];
 
-       function contains$2(a, b) {
-           return a.minX <= b.minX &&
-                  a.minY <= b.minY &&
-                  b.maxX <= a.maxX &&
-                  b.maxY <= a.maxY;
-       }
+           for (var i = 0; i < rules.length; i++) {
+             var rule = rules[i];
+             rule.findIssues(entity, graph, issues);
+           }
 
-       function intersects$1(a, b) {
-           return b.minX <= a.maxX &&
-                  b.minY <= a.maxY &&
-                  b.maxX >= a.minX &&
-                  b.maxY >= a.minY;
-       }
+           return issues;
+         };
 
-       function createNode$1(children) {
-           return {
-               children: children,
-               height: 1,
-               leaf: true,
-               minX: Infinity,
-               minY: Infinity,
-               maxX: -Infinity,
-               maxY: -Infinity
-           };
+         validation.type = type;
+         return validation;
        }
 
-       // sort an array so that items come in groups of n unsorted items, with groups sorted between each other;
-       // combines selection algorithm with binary divide & conquer approach
-
-       function multiSelect$1(arr, left, right, n, compare) {
-           var stack = [left, right],
-               mid;
+       function validationMismatchedGeometry() {
+         var type = 'mismatched_geometry';
 
-           while (stack.length) {
-               right = stack.pop();
-               left = stack.pop();
+         function tagSuggestingLineIsArea(entity) {
+           if (entity.type !== 'way' || entity.isClosed()) return null;
+           var tagSuggestingArea = entity.tagSuggestingArea();
 
-               if (right - left <= n) continue;
+           if (!tagSuggestingArea) {
+             return null;
+           }
 
-               mid = left + Math.ceil((right - left) / n / 2) * n;
-               quickselect$1(arr, mid, left, right, compare);
+           var asLine = _mainPresetIndex.matchTags(tagSuggestingArea, 'line');
+           var asArea = _mainPresetIndex.matchTags(tagSuggestingArea, 'area');
 
-               stack.push(left, mid, mid, right);
+           if (asLine && asArea && asLine === asArea) {
+             // these tags also allow lines and making this an area wouldn't matter
+             return null;
            }
-       }
-       rbush_1.default = _default$2;
 
-       var lineclip_1$1 = lineclip$1;
+           return tagSuggestingArea;
+         }
 
-       lineclip$1.polyline = lineclip$1;
-       lineclip$1.polygon = polygonclip$1;
+         function makeConnectEndpointsFixOnClick(way, graph) {
+           // must have at least three nodes to close this automatically
+           if (way.nodes.length < 3) return null;
+           var nodes = graph.childNodes(way),
+               testNodes;
+           var firstToLastDistanceMeters = geoSphericalDistance(nodes[0].loc, nodes[nodes.length - 1].loc); // if the distance is very small, attempt to merge the endpoints
 
+           if (firstToLastDistanceMeters < 0.75) {
+             testNodes = nodes.slice(); // shallow copy
 
-       // Cohen-Sutherland line clippign algorithm, adapted to efficiently
-       // handle polylines rather than just segments
+             testNodes.pop();
+             testNodes.push(testNodes[0]); // make sure this will not create a self-intersection
 
-       function lineclip$1(points, bbox, result) {
+             if (!geoHasSelfIntersections(testNodes, testNodes[0].id)) {
+               return function (context) {
+                 var way = context.entity(this.issue.entityIds[0]);
+                 context.perform(actionMergeNodes([way.nodes[0], way.nodes[way.nodes.length - 1]], nodes[0].loc), _t('issues.fix.connect_endpoints.annotation'));
+               };
+             }
+           } // if the points were not merged, attempt to close the way
 
-           var len = points.length,
-               codeA = bitCode$1(points[0], bbox),
-               part = [],
-               i, a, b, codeB, lastCode;
 
-           if (!result) result = [];
+           testNodes = nodes.slice(); // shallow copy
 
-           for (i = 1; i < len; i++) {
-               a = points[i - 1];
-               b = points[i];
-               codeB = lastCode = bitCode$1(b, bbox);
+           testNodes.push(testNodes[0]); // make sure this will not create a self-intersection
 
-               while (true) {
+           if (!geoHasSelfIntersections(testNodes, testNodes[0].id)) {
+             return function (context) {
+               var wayId = this.issue.entityIds[0];
+               var way = context.entity(wayId);
+               var nodeId = way.nodes[0];
+               var index = way.nodes.length;
+               context.perform(actionAddVertex(wayId, nodeId, index), _t('issues.fix.connect_endpoints.annotation'));
+             };
+           }
+         }
 
-                   if (!(codeA | codeB)) { // accept
-                       part.push(a);
+         function lineTaggedAsAreaIssue(entity) {
+           var tagSuggestingArea = tagSuggestingLineIsArea(entity);
+           if (!tagSuggestingArea) return null;
+           return new validationIssue({
+             type: type,
+             subtype: 'area_as_line',
+             severity: 'warning',
+             message: function message(context) {
+               var entity = context.hasEntity(this.entityIds[0]);
+               return entity ? _t.html('issues.tag_suggests_area.message', {
+                 feature: utilDisplayLabel(entity, 'area', true
+                 /* verbose */
+                 ),
+                 tag: utilTagText({
+                   tags: tagSuggestingArea
+                 })
+               }) : '';
+             },
+             reference: showReference,
+             entityIds: [entity.id],
+             hash: JSON.stringify(tagSuggestingArea),
+             dynamicFixes: function dynamicFixes(context) {
+               var fixes = [];
+               var entity = context.entity(this.entityIds[0]);
+               var connectEndsOnClick = makeConnectEndpointsFixOnClick(entity, context.graph());
+               fixes.push(new validationIssueFix({
+                 title: _t.html('issues.fix.connect_endpoints.title'),
+                 onClick: connectEndsOnClick
+               }));
+               fixes.push(new validationIssueFix({
+                 icon: 'iD-operation-delete',
+                 title: _t.html('issues.fix.remove_tag.title'),
+                 onClick: function onClick(context) {
+                   var entityId = this.issue.entityIds[0];
+                   var entity = context.entity(entityId);
+                   var tags = Object.assign({}, entity.tags); // shallow copy
 
-                       if (codeB !== lastCode) { // segment went outside
-                           part.push(b);
+                   for (var key in tagSuggestingArea) {
+                     delete tags[key];
+                   }
 
-                           if (i < len - 1) { // start a new line
-                               result.push(part);
-                               part = [];
-                           }
-                       } else if (i === len - 1) {
-                           part.push(b);
-                       }
-                       break;
+                   context.perform(actionChangeTags(entityId, tags), _t('issues.fix.remove_tag.annotation'));
+                 }
+               }));
+               return fixes;
+             }
+           });
 
-                   } else if (codeA & codeB) { // trivial reject
-                       break;
+           function showReference(selection) {
+             selection.selectAll('.issue-reference').data([0]).enter().append('div').attr('class', 'issue-reference').html(_t.html('issues.tag_suggests_area.reference'));
+           }
+         }
 
-                   } else if (codeA) { // a outside, intersect with clip edge
-                       a = intersect$1(a, b, codeA, bbox);
-                       codeA = bitCode$1(a, bbox);
+         function vertexPointIssue(entity, graph) {
+           // we only care about nodes
+           if (entity.type !== 'node') return null; // ignore tagless points
 
-                   } else { // b outside
-                       b = intersect$1(a, b, codeB, bbox);
-                       codeB = bitCode$1(b, bbox);
-                   }
-               }
+           if (Object.keys(entity.tags).length === 0) return null; // address lines are special so just ignore them
 
-               codeA = lastCode;
+           if (entity.isOnAddressLine(graph)) return null;
+           var geometry = entity.geometry(graph);
+           var allowedGeometries = osmNodeGeometriesForTags(entity.tags);
+
+           if (geometry === 'point' && !allowedGeometries.point && allowedGeometries.vertex) {
+             return new validationIssue({
+               type: type,
+               subtype: 'vertex_as_point',
+               severity: 'warning',
+               message: function message(context) {
+                 var entity = context.hasEntity(this.entityIds[0]);
+                 return entity ? _t.html('issues.vertex_as_point.message', {
+                   feature: utilDisplayLabel(entity, 'vertex', true
+                   /* verbose */
+                   )
+                 }) : '';
+               },
+               reference: function showReference(selection) {
+                 selection.selectAll('.issue-reference').data([0]).enter().append('div').attr('class', 'issue-reference').html(_t.html('issues.vertex_as_point.reference'));
+               },
+               entityIds: [entity.id]
+             });
+           } else if (geometry === 'vertex' && !allowedGeometries.vertex && allowedGeometries.point) {
+             return new validationIssue({
+               type: type,
+               subtype: 'point_as_vertex',
+               severity: 'warning',
+               message: function message(context) {
+                 var entity = context.hasEntity(this.entityIds[0]);
+                 return entity ? _t.html('issues.point_as_vertex.message', {
+                   feature: utilDisplayLabel(entity, 'point', true
+                   /* verbose */
+                   )
+                 }) : '';
+               },
+               reference: function showReference(selection) {
+                 selection.selectAll('.issue-reference').data([0]).enter().append('div').attr('class', 'issue-reference').html(_t.html('issues.point_as_vertex.reference'));
+               },
+               entityIds: [entity.id],
+               dynamicFixes: extractPointDynamicFixes
+             });
            }
 
-           if (part.length) result.push(part);
+           return null;
+         }
 
-           return result;
-       }
+         function otherMismatchIssue(entity, graph) {
+           // ignore boring features
+           if (!entity.hasInterestingTags()) return null;
+           if (entity.type !== 'node' && entity.type !== 'way') return null; // address lines are special so just ignore them
+
+           if (entity.type === 'node' && entity.isOnAddressLine(graph)) return null;
+           var sourceGeom = entity.geometry(graph);
+           var targetGeoms = entity.type === 'way' ? ['point', 'vertex'] : ['line', 'area'];
+           if (sourceGeom === 'area') targetGeoms.unshift('line');
+           var targetGeom = targetGeoms.find(function (nodeGeom) {
+             var asSource = _mainPresetIndex.matchTags(entity.tags, sourceGeom);
+             var asTarget = _mainPresetIndex.matchTags(entity.tags, nodeGeom);
+             if (!asSource || !asTarget || asSource === asTarget || // sometimes there are two presets with the same tags for different geometries
+             fastDeepEqual(asSource.tags, asTarget.tags)) return false;
+             if (asTarget.isFallback()) return false;
+             var primaryKey = Object.keys(asTarget.tags)[0]; // special case: buildings-as-points are discouraged by iD, but common in OSM, so ignore them
+
+             if (primaryKey === 'building') return false;
+             if (asTarget.tags[primaryKey] === '*') return false;
+             return asSource.isFallback() || asSource.tags[primaryKey] === '*';
+           });
+           if (!targetGeom) return null;
+           var subtype = targetGeom + '_as_' + sourceGeom;
+           if (targetGeom === 'vertex') targetGeom = 'point';
+           if (sourceGeom === 'vertex') sourceGeom = 'point';
+           var referenceId = targetGeom + '_as_' + sourceGeom;
+           var dynamicFixes;
 
-       // Sutherland-Hodgeman polygon clipping algorithm
+           if (targetGeom === 'point') {
+             dynamicFixes = extractPointDynamicFixes;
+           } else if (sourceGeom === 'area' && targetGeom === 'line') {
+             dynamicFixes = lineToAreaDynamicFixes;
+           }
 
-       function polygonclip$1(points, bbox) {
+           return new validationIssue({
+             type: type,
+             subtype: subtype,
+             severity: 'warning',
+             message: function message(context) {
+               var entity = context.hasEntity(this.entityIds[0]);
+               return entity ? _t.html('issues.' + referenceId + '.message', {
+                 feature: utilDisplayLabel(entity, targetGeom, true
+                 /* verbose */
+                 )
+               }) : '';
+             },
+             reference: function showReference(selection) {
+               selection.selectAll('.issue-reference').data([0]).enter().append('div').attr('class', 'issue-reference').html(_t.html('issues.mismatched_geometry.reference'));
+             },
+             entityIds: [entity.id],
+             dynamicFixes: dynamicFixes
+           });
+         }
 
-           var result, edge, prev, prevInside, i, p, inside;
+         function lineToAreaDynamicFixes(context) {
+           var convertOnClick;
+           var entityId = this.entityIds[0];
+           var entity = context.entity(entityId);
+           var tags = Object.assign({}, entity.tags); // shallow copy
 
-           // clip against each side of the clip rectangle
-           for (edge = 1; edge <= 8; edge *= 2) {
-               result = [];
-               prev = points[points.length - 1];
-               prevInside = !(bitCode$1(prev, bbox) & edge);
+           delete tags.area;
 
-               for (i = 0; i < points.length; i++) {
-                   p = points[i];
-                   inside = !(bitCode$1(p, bbox) & edge);
+           if (!osmTagSuggestingArea(tags)) {
+             // if removing the area tag would make this a line, offer that as a quick fix
+             convertOnClick = function convertOnClick(context) {
+               var entityId = this.issue.entityIds[0];
+               var entity = context.entity(entityId);
+               var tags = Object.assign({}, entity.tags); // shallow copy
 
-                   // if segment goes through the clip window, add an intersection
-                   if (inside !== prevInside) result.push(intersect$1(prev, p, edge, bbox));
+               if (tags.area) {
+                 delete tags.area;
+               }
 
-                   if (inside) result.push(p); // add a point if it's inside
+               context.perform(actionChangeTags(entityId, tags), _t('issues.fix.convert_to_line.annotation'));
+             };
+           }
 
-                   prev = p;
-                   prevInside = inside;
-               }
+           return [new validationIssueFix({
+             icon: 'iD-icon-line',
+             title: _t.html('issues.fix.convert_to_line.title'),
+             onClick: convertOnClick
+           })];
+         }
 
-               points = result;
+         function extractPointDynamicFixes(context) {
+           var entityId = this.entityIds[0];
+           var extractOnClick = null;
 
-               if (!points.length) break;
-           }
+           if (!context.hasHiddenConnections(entityId)) {
+             extractOnClick = function extractOnClick(context) {
+               var entityId = this.issue.entityIds[0];
+               var action = actionExtract(entityId, context.projection);
+               context.perform(action, _t('operations.extract.annotation', {
+                 n: 1
+               })); // re-enter mode to trigger updates
 
-           return result;
-       }
+               context.enter(modeSelect(context, [action.getExtractedNodeID()]));
+             };
+           }
 
-       // intersect a segment against one of the 4 lines that make up the bbox
+           return [new validationIssueFix({
+             icon: 'iD-operation-extract',
+             title: _t.html('issues.fix.extract_point.title'),
+             onClick: extractOnClick
+           })];
+         }
 
-       function intersect$1(a, b, edge, bbox) {
-           return edge & 8 ? [a[0] + (b[0] - a[0]) * (bbox[3] - a[1]) / (b[1] - a[1]), bbox[3]] : // top
-                  edge & 4 ? [a[0] + (b[0] - a[0]) * (bbox[1] - a[1]) / (b[1] - a[1]), bbox[1]] : // bottom
-                  edge & 2 ? [bbox[2], a[1] + (b[1] - a[1]) * (bbox[2] - a[0]) / (b[0] - a[0])] : // right
-                  edge & 1 ? [bbox[0], a[1] + (b[1] - a[1]) * (bbox[0] - a[0]) / (b[0] - a[0])] : // left
-                  null;
-       }
+         function unclosedMultipolygonPartIssues(entity, graph) {
+           if (entity.type !== 'relation' || !entity.isMultipolygon() || entity.isDegenerate() || // cannot determine issues for incompletely-downloaded relations
+           !entity.isComplete(graph)) return [];
+           var sequences = osmJoinWays(entity.members, graph);
+           var issues = [];
 
-       // bit code reflects the point position relative to the bbox:
+           for (var i in sequences) {
+             var sequence = sequences[i];
+             if (!sequence.nodes) continue;
+             var firstNode = sequence.nodes[0];
+             var lastNode = sequence.nodes[sequence.nodes.length - 1]; // part is closed if the first and last nodes are the same
 
-       //         left  mid  right
-       //    top  1001  1000  1010
-       //    mid  0001  0000  0010
-       // bottom  0101  0100  0110
+             if (firstNode === lastNode) continue;
+             var issue = new validationIssue({
+               type: type,
+               subtype: 'unclosed_multipolygon_part',
+               severity: 'warning',
+               message: function message(context) {
+                 var entity = context.hasEntity(this.entityIds[0]);
+                 return entity ? _t.html('issues.unclosed_multipolygon_part.message', {
+                   feature: utilDisplayLabel(entity, context.graph(), true
+                   /* verbose */
+                   )
+                 }) : '';
+               },
+               reference: showReference,
+               loc: sequence.nodes[0].loc,
+               entityIds: [entity.id],
+               hash: sequence.map(function (way) {
+                 return way.id;
+               }).join()
+             });
+             issues.push(issue);
+           }
 
-       function bitCode$1(p, bbox) {
-           var code = 0;
+           return issues;
 
-           if (p[0] < bbox[0]) code |= 1; // left
-           else if (p[0] > bbox[2]) code |= 2; // right
+           function showReference(selection) {
+             selection.selectAll('.issue-reference').data([0]).enter().append('div').attr('class', 'issue-reference').html(_t.html('issues.unclosed_multipolygon_part.reference'));
+           }
+         }
 
-           if (p[1] < bbox[1]) code |= 4; // bottom
-           else if (p[1] > bbox[3]) code |= 8; // top
+         var validation = function checkMismatchedGeometry(entity, graph) {
+           var vertexPoint = vertexPointIssue(entity, graph);
+           if (vertexPoint) return [vertexPoint];
+           var lineAsArea = lineTaggedAsAreaIssue(entity);
+           if (lineAsArea) return [lineAsArea];
+           var mismatch = otherMismatchIssue(entity, graph);
+           if (mismatch) return [mismatch];
+           return unclosedMultipolygonPartIssues(entity, graph);
+         };
 
-           return code;
+         validation.type = type;
+         return validation;
        }
 
-       var whichPolygon_1 = whichPolygon;
+       function validationMissingRole() {
+         var type = 'missing_role';
 
-       function whichPolygon(data) {
-           var bboxes = [];
-           for (var i = 0; i < data.features.length; i++) {
-               var feature = data.features[i];
-               var coords = feature.geometry.coordinates;
+         var validation = function checkMissingRole(entity, graph) {
+           var issues = [];
 
-               if (feature.geometry.type === 'Polygon') {
-                   bboxes.push(treeItem(coords, feature.properties));
+           if (entity.type === 'way') {
+             graph.parentRelations(entity).forEach(function (relation) {
+               if (!relation.isMultipolygon()) return;
+               var member = relation.memberById(entity.id);
 
-               } else if (feature.geometry.type === 'MultiPolygon') {
-                   for (var j = 0; j < coords.length; j++) {
-                       bboxes.push(treeItem(coords[j], feature.properties));
-                   }
+               if (member && isMissingRole(member)) {
+                 issues.push(makeIssue(entity, relation, member));
                }
-           }
-
-           var tree = rbush_1().load(bboxes);
+             });
+           } else if (entity.type === 'relation' && entity.isMultipolygon()) {
+             entity.indexedMembers().forEach(function (member) {
+               var way = graph.hasEntity(member.id);
 
-           function query(p, multi) {
-               var output = [],
-                   result = tree.search({
-                       minX: p[0],
-                       minY: p[1],
-                       maxX: p[0],
-                       maxY: p[1]
-                   });
-               for (var i = 0; i < result.length; i++) {
-                   if (insidePolygon(result[i].coords, p)) {
-                       if (multi)
-                           output.push(result[i].props);
-                       else
-                           return result[i].props;
-                   }
+               if (way && isMissingRole(member)) {
+                 issues.push(makeIssue(way, entity, member));
                }
-               return multi && output.length ? output : null;
+             });
            }
 
-           query.tree = tree;
-           query.bbox = function queryBBox(bbox) {
-               var output = [];
-               var result = tree.search({
-                   minX: bbox[0],
-                   minY: bbox[1],
-                   maxX: bbox[2],
-                   maxY: bbox[3]
-               });
-               for (var i = 0; i < result.length; i++) {
-                   if (polygonIntersectsBBox(result[i].coords, bbox)) {
-                       output.push(result[i].props);
-                   }
-               }
-               return output;
-           };
+           return issues;
+         };
 
-           return query;
-       }
+         function isMissingRole(member) {
+           return !member.role || !member.role.trim().length;
+         }
 
-       function polygonIntersectsBBox(polygon, bbox) {
-           var bboxCenter = [
-               (bbox[0] + bbox[2]) / 2,
-               (bbox[1] + bbox[3]) / 2
-           ];
-           if (insidePolygon(polygon, bboxCenter)) return true;
-           for (var i = 0; i < polygon.length; i++) {
-               if (lineclip_1$1(polygon[i], bbox).length > 0) return true;
-           }
-           return false;
-       }
+         function makeIssue(way, relation, member) {
+           return new validationIssue({
+             type: type,
+             severity: 'warning',
+             message: function message(context) {
+               var member = context.hasEntity(this.entityIds[1]),
+                   relation = context.hasEntity(this.entityIds[0]);
+               return member && relation ? _t.html('issues.missing_role.message', {
+                 member: utilDisplayLabel(member, context.graph()),
+                 relation: utilDisplayLabel(relation, context.graph())
+               }) : '';
+             },
+             reference: showReference,
+             entityIds: [relation.id, way.id],
+             data: {
+               member: member
+             },
+             hash: member.index.toString(),
+             dynamicFixes: function dynamicFixes() {
+               return [makeAddRoleFix('inner'), makeAddRoleFix('outer'), new validationIssueFix({
+                 icon: 'iD-operation-delete',
+                 title: _t.html('issues.fix.remove_from_relation.title'),
+                 onClick: function onClick(context) {
+                   context.perform(actionDeleteMember(this.issue.entityIds[0], this.issue.data.member.index), _t('operations.delete_member.annotation', {
+                     n: 1
+                   }));
+                 }
+               })];
+             }
+           });
 
-       // ray casting algorithm for detecting if point is in polygon
-       function insidePolygon(rings, p) {
-           var inside = false;
-           for (var i = 0, len = rings.length; i < len; i++) {
-               var ring = rings[i];
-               for (var j = 0, len2 = ring.length, k = len2 - 1; j < len2; k = j++) {
-                   if (rayIntersect(p, ring[j], ring[k])) inside = !inside;
-               }
+           function showReference(selection) {
+             selection.selectAll('.issue-reference').data([0]).enter().append('div').attr('class', 'issue-reference').html(_t.html('issues.missing_role.multipolygon.reference'));
            }
-           return inside;
-       }
-
-       function rayIntersect(p, p1, p2) {
-           return ((p1[1] > p[1]) !== (p2[1] > p[1])) && (p[0] < (p2[0] - p1[0]) * (p[1] - p1[1]) / (p2[1] - p1[1]) + p1[0]);
-       }
+         }
 
-       function treeItem(coords, props) {
-           var item = {
-               minX: Infinity,
-               minY: Infinity,
-               maxX: -Infinity,
-               maxY: -Infinity,
-               coords: coords,
-               props: props
-           };
+         function makeAddRoleFix(role) {
+           return new validationIssueFix({
+             title: _t.html('issues.fix.set_as_' + role + '.title'),
+             onClick: function onClick(context) {
+               var oldMember = this.issue.data.member;
+               var member = {
+                 id: this.issue.entityIds[1],
+                 type: oldMember.type,
+                 role: role
+               };
+               context.perform(actionChangeMember(this.issue.entityIds[0], member, oldMember.index), _t('operations.change_role.annotation', {
+                 n: 1
+               }));
+             }
+           });
+         }
 
-           for (var i = 0; i < coords[0].length; i++) {
-               var p = coords[0][i];
-               item.minX = Math.min(item.minX, p[0]);
-               item.minY = Math.min(item.minY, p[1]);
-               item.maxX = Math.max(item.maxX, p[0]);
-               item.maxY = Math.max(item.maxY, p[1]);
-           }
-           return item;
+         validation.type = type;
+         return validation;
        }
 
-       var type = "FeatureCollection";
-       var features = [{type:"Feature",properties:{m49:"680",wikidata:"Q3405693",nameEn:"Sark",country:"GB",groups:["GG","830","154","150"],level:"subterritory",driveSide:"left",roadSpeedUnit:"mph",callingCodes:["44 01481"]},geometry:{type:"MultiPolygon",coordinates:[[[[-2.36485,49.48223],[-2.65349,49.15373],[-2.09454,49.46288],[-2.36485,49.48223]]]]}},{type:"Feature",properties:{m49:"001",wikidata:"Q2",nameEn:"World",aliases:["Earth","Planet"],level:"world"},geometry:null},{type:"Feature",properties:{m49:"142",wikidata:"Q48",nameEn:"Asia",level:"region"},geometry:null},{type:"Feature",properties:{m49:"143",wikidata:"Q27275",nameEn:"Central Asia",groups:["142"],level:"subregion"},geometry:null},{type:"Feature",properties:{m49:"145",wikidata:"Q27293",nameEn:"Western Asia",groups:["142"],level:"subregion"},geometry:null},{type:"Feature",properties:{m49:"150",wikidata:"Q46",nameEn:"Europe",level:"region"},geometry:null},{type:"Feature",properties:{m49:"151",wikidata:"Q27468",nameEn:"Eastern Europe",groups:["150"],level:"subregion"},geometry:null},{type:"Feature",properties:{m49:"154",wikidata:"Q27479",nameEn:"Northern Europe",groups:["150"],level:"subregion"},geometry:null},{type:"Feature",properties:{m49:"155",wikidata:"Q27496",nameEn:"Western Europe",groups:["150"],level:"subregion"},geometry:null},{type:"Feature",properties:{m49:"202",wikidata:"Q132959",nameEn:"Sub-Saharan Africa",groups:["002"],level:"subregion"},geometry:null},{type:"Feature",properties:{m49:"419",wikidata:"Q72829598",nameEn:"Latin America and the Caribbean",groups:["019"],level:"subregion"},geometry:null},{type:"Feature",properties:{m49:"830",wikidata:"Q42314",nameEn:"Channel Islands",groups:["150","154"],level:"intermediateRegion"},geometry:null},{type:"Feature",properties:{m49:"019",wikidata:"Q828",nameEn:"Americas",level:"region"},geometry:null},{type:"Feature",properties:{m49:"029",wikidata:"Q664609",nameEn:"Caribbean",groups:["419","019","003"],level:"intermediateRegion"},geometry:null},{type:"Feature",properties:{m49:"034",wikidata:"Q771405",nameEn:"Southern Asia",groups:["142"],level:"subregion"},geometry:null},{type:"Feature",properties:{m49:"002",wikidata:"Q15",nameEn:"Africa",level:"region"},geometry:null},{type:"Feature",properties:{m49:"003",wikidata:"Q49",nameEn:"North America",groups:["019"],level:"subregion"},geometry:null},{type:"Feature",properties:{m49:"017",wikidata:"Q27433",nameEn:"Middle Africa",groups:["202","002"],level:"intermediateRegion"},geometry:null},{type:"Feature",properties:{m49:"039",wikidata:"Q27449",nameEn:"Southern Europe",groups:["150"],level:"subregion"},geometry:null},{type:"Feature",properties:{m49:"005",wikidata:"Q18",nameEn:"South America",groups:["419","019"],level:"intermediateRegion"},geometry:null},{type:"Feature",properties:{m49:"009",wikidata:"Q538",nameEn:"Oceania",level:"region"},geometry:null},{type:"Feature",properties:{m49:"061",wikidata:"Q35942",nameEn:"Polynesia",groups:["009"],level:"subregion"},geometry:null},{type:"Feature",properties:{m49:"014",wikidata:"Q27407",nameEn:"Eastern Africa",groups:["202","002"],level:"intermediateRegion"},geometry:null},{type:"Feature",properties:{m49:"053",wikidata:"Q45256",nameEn:"Australia and New Zealand",aliases:["Australasia"],groups:["009"],level:"subregion"},geometry:null},{type:"Feature",properties:{m49:"011",wikidata:"Q4412",nameEn:"Western Africa",groups:["202","002"],level:"intermediateRegion"},geometry:null},{type:"Feature",properties:{m49:"013",wikidata:"Q27611",nameEn:"Central America",groups:["419","019","003"],level:"intermediateRegion"},geometry:null},{type:"Feature",properties:{m49:"021",wikidata:"Q2017699",nameEn:"Northern America",groups:["019","003"],level:"subregion"},geometry:null},{type:"Feature",properties:{m49:"035",wikidata:"Q11708",nameEn:"South-eastern Asia",groups:["142"],level:"subregion"},geometry:null},{type:"Feature",properties:{m49:"018",wikidata:"Q27394",nameEn:"Southern Africa",groups:["202","002"],level:"intermediateRegion"},geometry:null},{type:"Feature",properties:{m49:"030",wikidata:"Q27231",nameEn:"Eastern Asia",groups:["142"],level:"subregion"},geometry:null},{type:"Feature",properties:{m49:"015",wikidata:"Q27381",nameEn:"Northern Africa",groups:["002"],level:"subregion"},geometry:null},{type:"Feature",properties:{m49:"054",wikidata:"Q37394",nameEn:"Melanesia",groups:["009"],level:"subregion"},geometry:null},{type:"Feature",properties:{m49:"057",wikidata:"Q3359409",nameEn:"Micronesia",groups:["009"],level:"subregion"},geometry:null},{type:"Feature",properties:{iso1A2:"AC",iso1A3:"ASC",wikidata:"Q46197",nameEn:"Ascension Island",country:"GB",groups:["SH","011","202","002"],isoStatus:"excRes",driveSide:"left",roadSpeedUnit:"mph",callingCodes:["247"]},geometry:{type:"MultiPolygon",coordinates:[[[[-14.82771,-8.70814],[-13.33271,-8.07391],[-14.91926,-6.63386],[-14.82771,-8.70814]]]]}},{type:"Feature",properties:{iso1A2:"AD",iso1A3:"AND",iso1N3:"020",wikidata:"Q228",nameEn:"Andorra",groups:["039","150"],callingCo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-       var rawBorders = {
-       type: type,
-       features: features
-       };
-
-       let borders = rawBorders;
-       let whichPolygonGetter = {};
-       let featuresByCode = {};
-       let idFilterRegex = /\bThe\b|\bthe\b|\band\b|\bof\b|[-_ .,()&[\]/]/g;
-       let levels = [
-         'subterritory',
-         'territory',
-         'country',
-         'intermediateRegion',
-         'subregion',
-         'region',
-         'union',
-         'world'
-       ];
-       loadDerivedDataAndCaches(borders);
-       function loadDerivedDataAndCaches(borders) {
-         let identifierProps = ['iso1A2', 'iso1A3', 'm49', 'wikidata', 'emojiFlag', 'nameEn'];
-         let geometryFeatures = [];
-         for (let i in borders.features) {
-           let feature = borders.features[i];
-           feature.properties.id = feature.properties.iso1A2 || feature.properties.m49;
-           loadM49(feature);
-           loadIsoStatus(feature);
-           loadLevel(feature);
-           loadGroups(feature);
-           loadRoadSpeedUnit(feature);
-           loadDriveSide(feature);
-           loadFlag(feature);
-           cacheFeatureByIDs(feature);
-           if (feature.geometry) geometryFeatures.push(feature);
-         }
-         for (let i in borders.features) {
-           let feature = borders.features[i];
-           feature.properties.groups.sort(function(groupID1, groupID2) {
-             return (
-               levels.indexOf(featuresByCode[groupID1].properties.level) -
-               levels.indexOf(featuresByCode[groupID2].properties.level)
-             );
+       function validationMissingTag(context) {
+         var type = 'missing_tag';
+
+         function hasDescriptiveTags(entity, graph) {
+           var onlyAttributeKeys = ['description', 'name', 'note', 'start_date'];
+           var entityDescriptiveKeys = Object.keys(entity.tags).filter(function (k) {
+             if (k === 'area' || !osmIsInterestingTag(k)) return false;
+             return !onlyAttributeKeys.some(function (attributeKey) {
+               return k === attributeKey || k.indexOf(attributeKey + ':') === 0;
+             });
            });
-           loadMembersForGroupsOf(feature);
-         }
-         let geometryOnlyCollection = {
-           type: 'RegionFeatureCollection',
-           features: geometryFeatures
-         };
-         whichPolygonGetter = whichPolygon_1(geometryOnlyCollection);
-         function loadGroups(feature) {
-           let props = feature.properties;
-           if (!props.groups) {
-             props.groups = [];
-           }
-           if (props.country) {
-             props.groups.push(props.country);
-           }
-           if (props.m49 !== '001') {
-             props.groups.push('001');
-           }
-         }
-         function loadM49(feature) {
-           let props = feature.properties;
-           if (!props.m49 && props.iso1N3) {
-             props.m49 = props.iso1N3;
-           }
-         }
-         function loadIsoStatus(feature) {
-           let props = feature.properties;
-           if (!props.isoStatus && props.iso1A2) {
-             props.isoStatus = 'official';
-           }
-         }
-         function loadLevel(feature) {
-           let props = feature.properties;
-           if (props.level) return;
-           if (!props.country) {
-             props.level = 'country';
-           } else if (props.isoStatus === 'official') {
-             props.level = 'territory';
-           } else {
-             props.level = 'subterritory';
-           }
-         }
-         function loadRoadSpeedUnit(feature) {
-           let props = feature.properties;
-           if (props.roadSpeedUnit === undefined && props.iso1A2 && props.iso1A2 !== 'EU') {
-             props.roadSpeedUnit = 'km/h';
-           }
-         }
-         function loadDriveSide(feature) {
-           let props = feature.properties;
-           if (props.driveSide === undefined && props.iso1A2 && props.iso1A2 !== 'EU') {
-             props.driveSide = 'right';
+
+           if (entity.type === 'relation' && entityDescriptiveKeys.length === 1 && entity.tags.type === 'multipolygon') {
+             // this relation's only interesting tag just says its a multipolygon,
+             // which is not descriptive enough
+             // It's okay for a simple multipolygon to have no descriptive tags
+             // if its outer way has them (old model, see `outdated_tags.js`)
+             return osmOldMultipolygonOuterMemberOfRelation(entity, graph);
            }
+
+           return entityDescriptiveKeys.length > 0;
          }
-         function loadFlag(feature) {
-           if (!feature.properties.iso1A2) return;
-           let flag = feature.properties.iso1A2.replace(/./g, function(char) {
-             return String.fromCodePoint(char.charCodeAt(0) + 127397);
-           });
-           feature.properties.emojiFlag = flag;
+
+         function isUnknownRoad(entity) {
+           return entity.type === 'way' && entity.tags.highway === 'road';
          }
-         function loadMembersForGroupsOf(feature) {
-           let featureID = feature.properties.id;
-           let standardizedGroupIDs = [];
-           for (let j in feature.properties.groups) {
-             let groupID = feature.properties.groups[j];
-             let groupFeature = featuresByCode[groupID];
-             standardizedGroupIDs.push(groupFeature.properties.id);
-             if (groupFeature.properties.members) {
-               groupFeature.properties.members.push(featureID);
-             } else {
-               groupFeature.properties.members = [featureID];
-             }
-           }
-           feature.properties.groups = standardizedGroupIDs;
+
+         function isUntypedRelation(entity) {
+           return entity.type === 'relation' && !entity.tags.type;
          }
-         function cacheFeatureByIDs(feature) {
-           for (let k in identifierProps) {
-             let prop = identifierProps[k];
-             let id = prop && feature.properties[prop];
-             if (id) {
-               id = id.replace(idFilterRegex, '').toUpperCase();
-               featuresByCode[id] = feature;
-             }
-           }
-           if (feature.properties.aliases) {
-             for (let j in feature.properties.aliases) {
-               let alias = feature.properties.aliases[j].replace(idFilterRegex, '').toUpperCase();
-               featuresByCode[alias] = feature;
+
+         var validation = function checkMissingTag(entity, graph) {
+           var subtype;
+           var osm = context.connection();
+           var isUnloadedNode = entity.type === 'node' && osm && !osm.isDataLoaded(entity.loc); // we can't know if the node is a vertex if the tile is undownloaded
+
+           if (!isUnloadedNode && // allow untagged nodes that are part of ways
+           entity.geometry(graph) !== 'vertex' && // allow untagged entities that are part of relations
+           !entity.hasParentRelations(graph)) {
+             if (Object.keys(entity.tags).length === 0) {
+               subtype = 'any';
+             } else if (!hasDescriptiveTags(entity, graph)) {
+               subtype = 'descriptive';
+             } else if (isUntypedRelation(entity)) {
+               subtype = 'relation_type';
              }
+           } // flag an unknown road even if it's a member of a relation
+
+
+           if (!subtype && isUnknownRoad(entity)) {
+             subtype = 'highway_classification';
            }
-         }
-       }
-       function locArray(loc) {
-         if (Array.isArray(loc)) {
-           return loc;
-         } else if (loc.coordinates) {
-           return loc.coordinates;
-         }
-         return loc.geometry.coordinates;
-       }
-       function smallestFeature(loc) {
-         let query = locArray(loc);
-         let featureProperties = whichPolygonGetter(query);
-         if (!featureProperties) return null;
-         return featuresByCode[featureProperties.id];
-       }
-       function countryFeature(loc) {
-         let feature = smallestFeature(loc);
-         if (!feature) return null;
-         let countryCode = feature.properties.country || feature.properties.iso1A2;
-         return featuresByCode[countryCode];
-       }
-       function featureForLoc(loc, opts) {
-         if (opts && opts.level && opts.level !== 'country') {
-           let features = featuresContaining(loc);
-           let targetLevel = opts.level;
-           let targetLevelIndex = levels.indexOf(targetLevel);
-           if (targetLevelIndex === -1) return null;
-           for (let i in features) {
-             let feature = features[i];
-             if (
-               feature.properties.level === targetLevel ||
-               levels.indexOf(feature.properties.level) > targetLevelIndex
-             ) {
-               return feature;
+
+           if (!subtype) return [];
+           var messageID = subtype === 'highway_classification' ? 'unknown_road' : 'missing_tag.' + subtype;
+           var referenceID = subtype === 'highway_classification' ? 'unknown_road' : 'missing_tag'; // can always delete if the user created it in the first place..
+
+           var canDelete = entity.version === undefined || entity.v !== undefined;
+           var severity = canDelete && subtype !== 'highway_classification' ? 'error' : 'warning';
+           return [new validationIssue({
+             type: type,
+             subtype: subtype,
+             severity: severity,
+             message: function message(context) {
+               var entity = context.hasEntity(this.entityIds[0]);
+               return entity ? _t.html('issues.' + messageID + '.message', {
+                 feature: utilDisplayLabel(entity, context.graph())
+               }) : '';
+             },
+             reference: showReference,
+             entityIds: [entity.id],
+             dynamicFixes: function dynamicFixes(context) {
+               var fixes = [];
+               var selectFixType = subtype === 'highway_classification' ? 'select_road_type' : 'select_preset';
+               fixes.push(new validationIssueFix({
+                 icon: 'iD-icon-search',
+                 title: _t.html('issues.fix.' + selectFixType + '.title'),
+                 onClick: function onClick(context) {
+                   context.ui().sidebar.showPresetList();
+                 }
+               }));
+               var deleteOnClick;
+               var id = this.entityIds[0];
+               var operation = operationDelete(context, [id]);
+               var disabledReasonID = operation.disabled();
+
+               if (!disabledReasonID) {
+                 deleteOnClick = function deleteOnClick(context) {
+                   var id = this.issue.entityIds[0];
+                   var operation = operationDelete(context, [id]);
+
+                   if (!operation.disabled()) {
+                     operation();
+                   }
+                 };
+               }
+
+               fixes.push(new validationIssueFix({
+                 icon: 'iD-operation-delete',
+                 title: _t.html('issues.fix.delete_feature.title'),
+                 disabledReason: disabledReasonID ? _t('operations.delete.' + disabledReasonID + '.single') : undefined,
+                 onClick: deleteOnClick
+               }));
+               return fixes;
              }
+           })];
+
+           function showReference(selection) {
+             selection.selectAll('.issue-reference').data([0]).enter().append('div').attr('class', 'issue-reference').html(_t.html('issues.' + referenceID + '.reference'));
            }
-           return null;
-         }
-         return countryFeature(loc);
-       }
-       function featureForID(id) {
-         let stringID;
-         if (typeof id === 'number') {
-           stringID = id.toString();
-           if (stringID.length === 1) {
-             stringID = '00' + stringID;
-           } else if (stringID.length === 2) {
-             stringID = '0' + stringID;
-           }
-         } else {
-           stringID = id.replace(idFilterRegex, '').toUpperCase();
-         }
-         return featuresByCode[stringID] || null;
-       }
-       function smallestOrMatchingFeature(query) {
-         if (typeof query === 'object') {
-           return smallestFeature(query);
-         }
-         return featureForID(query);
-       }
-       function feature(query, opts) {
-         if (typeof query === 'object') {
-           return featureForLoc(query, opts);
-         }
-         return featureForID(query);
-       }
-       function iso1A2Code(query, opts) {
-         let match = feature(query, opts);
-         if (!match) return null;
-         return match.properties.iso1A2 || null;
-       }
-       function featuresContaining(query, strict) {
-         let feature = smallestOrMatchingFeature(query);
-         if (!feature) return [];
-         let features = [];
-         if (!strict || typeof query === 'object') {
-           features.push(feature);
-         }
-         let properties = feature.properties;
-         for (let i in properties.groups) {
-           let groupID = properties.groups[i];
-           features.push(featuresByCode[groupID]);
-         }
-         return features;
-       }
-       function roadSpeedUnit(query) {
-         let feature = smallestOrMatchingFeature(query);
-         return (feature && feature.properties.roadSpeedUnit) || null;
-       }
+         };
 
-       let _dataDeprecated;
-       let _nsi;
+         validation.type = type;
+         return validation;
+       }
 
        function validationOutdatedTags() {
-         const type = 'outdated_tags';
-         const nsiKeys = ['amenity', 'shop', 'tourism', 'leisure', 'office'];
-
-         // A concern here in switching to async data means that `_dataDeprecated`
-         // and `_nsi` will not be available at first, so the data on early tiles
-         // may not have tags validated fully.
-
-         // initialize deprecated tags array
-         _mainFileFetcher.get('deprecated')
-           .then(d => _dataDeprecated = d)
-           .catch(() => { /* ignore */ });
-
-         _mainFileFetcher.get('nsi_brands')
-           .then(d => {
-             _nsi = {
-               brands: d.brands,
-               matcher: matcher$1(),
-               wikidata: {},
-               wikipedia: {}
-             };
-
-             // initialize name-suggestion-index matcher
-             _nsi.matcher.buildMatchIndex(d.brands);
+         var type = 'outdated_tags';
+         var _waitingForDeprecated = true;
 
-             // index all known wikipedia and wikidata tags
-             Object.keys(d.brands).forEach(kvnd => {
-               const brand = d.brands[kvnd];
-               const wd = brand.tags['brand:wikidata'];
-               const wp = brand.tags['brand:wikipedia'];
-               if (wd) { _nsi.wikidata[wd] = kvnd; }
-               if (wp) { _nsi.wikipedia[wp] = kvnd; }
-             });
+         var _dataDeprecated; // fetch deprecated tags
 
-             return _nsi;
-           })
-           .catch(() => { /* ignore */ });
 
+         _mainFileFetcher.get('deprecated').then(function (d) {
+           return _dataDeprecated = d;
+         })["catch"](function () {
+           /* ignore */
+         })["finally"](function () {
+           return _waitingForDeprecated = false;
+         });
 
          function oldTagIssues(entity, graph) {
-           const oldTags = Object.assign({}, entity.tags);  // shallow copy
-           let preset = _mainPresetIndex.match(entity, graph);
-           let subtype = 'deprecated_tags';
+           var oldTags = Object.assign({}, entity.tags); // shallow copy
+
+           var preset = _mainPresetIndex.match(entity, graph);
+           var subtype = 'deprecated_tags';
            if (!preset) return [];
+           if (!entity.hasInterestingTags()) return []; // Upgrade preset, if a replacement is available..
 
-           // upgrade preset..
            if (preset.replacement) {
-             const newPreset = _mainPresetIndex.item(preset.replacement);
-             graph = actionChangePreset(entity.id, preset, newPreset, true /* skip field defaults */)(graph);
+             var newPreset = _mainPresetIndex.item(preset.replacement);
+             graph = actionChangePreset(entity.id, preset, newPreset, true
+             /* skip field defaults */
+             )(graph);
              entity = graph.entity(entity.id);
              preset = newPreset;
-           }
+           } // Upgrade deprecated tags..
+
 
-           // upgrade tags..
            if (_dataDeprecated) {
-             const deprecatedTags = entity.deprecatedTags(_dataDeprecated);
+             var deprecatedTags = entity.deprecatedTags(_dataDeprecated);
+
              if (deprecatedTags.length) {
-               deprecatedTags.forEach(tag => {
+               deprecatedTags.forEach(function (tag) {
                  graph = actionUpgradeTags(entity.id, tag.old, tag.replace)(graph);
                });
                entity = graph.entity(entity.id);
              }
-           }
+           } // Add missing addTags from the detected preset
+
+
+           var newTags = Object.assign({}, entity.tags); // shallow copy
 
-           // add missing addTags..
-           let newTags = Object.assign({}, entity.tags);  // shallow copy
            if (preset.tags !== preset.addTags) {
-             Object.keys(preset.addTags).forEach(k => {
+             Object.keys(preset.addTags).forEach(function (k) {
                if (!newTags[k]) {
                  if (preset.addTags[k] === '*') {
                    newTags[k] = 'yes';
                  }
                }
              });
-           }
+           } // Attempt to match a canonical record in the name-suggestion-index.
 
-           if (_nsi) {
-             // Do `wikidata` or `wikipedia` identify this entity as a brand?  #6416
-             // If so, these tags can be swapped to `brand:wikidata`/`brand:wikipedia`
-             let isBrand;
-             if (newTags.wikidata) {                 // try matching `wikidata`
-               isBrand = _nsi.wikidata[newTags.wikidata];
-             }
-             if (!isBrand && newTags.wikipedia) {    // fallback to `wikipedia`
-               isBrand = _nsi.wikipedia[newTags.wikipedia];
-             }
-             if (isBrand && !newTags.office) {       // but avoid doing this for corporate offices
-               if (newTags.wikidata) {
-                 newTags['brand:wikidata'] = newTags.wikidata;
-                 delete newTags.wikidata;
-               }
-               if (newTags.wikipedia) {
-                 newTags['brand:wikipedia'] = newTags.wikipedia;
-                 delete newTags.wikipedia;
-               }
-               // I considered setting `name` and other tags here, but they aren't unique per wikidata
-               // (Q2759586 -> in USA "Papa John's", in Russia "Папа Джонс")
-               // So users will really need to use a preset or assign `name` themselves.
-             }
-
-             // try key/value|name match against name-suggestion-index
-             if (newTags.name) {
-               for (let i = 0; i < nsiKeys.length; i++) {
-                 const k = nsiKeys[i];
-                 if (!newTags[k]) continue;
 
-                 const center = entity.extent(graph).center();
-                 const countryCode = iso1A2Code(center);
-                 const match = _nsi.matcher.matchKVN(k, newTags[k], newTags.name, countryCode && countryCode.toLowerCase());
-                 if (!match) continue;
+           var nsi = services.nsi;
+           var waitingForNsi = false;
 
-                 // for now skip ambiguous matches (like Target~(USA) vs Target~(Australia))
-                 if (match.d) continue;
+           if (nsi) {
+             waitingForNsi = nsi.status() === 'loading';
 
-                 const brand = _nsi.brands[match.kvnd];
-                 if (brand && brand.tags['brand:wikidata'] &&
-                   brand.tags['brand:wikidata'] !== entity.tags['not:brand:wikidata']) {
-                   subtype = 'noncanonical_brand';
-
-                   const keepTags = ['takeaway'].reduce((acc, k) => {
-                     if (newTags[k]) {
-                       acc[k] = newTags[k];
-                     }
-                     return acc;
-                   }, {});
+             if (!waitingForNsi) {
+               var loc = entity.extent(graph).center();
+               var result = nsi.upgradeTags(newTags, loc);
 
-                   nsiKeys.forEach(k => delete newTags[k]);
-                   Object.assign(newTags, brand.tags, keepTags);
-                   break;
-                 }
+               if (result) {
+                 newTags = result;
+                 subtype = 'noncanonical_brand';
                }
              }
            }
 
-           // determine diff
-           const tagDiff = utilTagDiff(oldTags, newTags);
-           if (!tagDiff.length) return [];
+           var issues = [];
+           issues.provisional = _waitingForDeprecated || waitingForNsi; // determine diff
 
-           const isOnlyAddingTags = tagDiff.every(d => d.type === '+');
+           var tagDiff = utilTagDiff(oldTags, newTags);
+           if (!tagDiff.length) return issues;
+           var isOnlyAddingTags = tagDiff.every(function (d) {
+             return d.type === '+';
+           });
+           var prefix = '';
 
-           let prefix = '';
            if (subtype === 'noncanonical_brand') {
              prefix = 'noncanonical_brand.';
            } else if (subtype === 'deprecated_tags' && isOnlyAddingTags) {
              subtype = 'incomplete_tags';
              prefix = 'incomplete.';
-           }
+           } // don't allow autofixing brand tags
 
-           // don't allow autofixing brand tags
-           let autoArgs = subtype !== 'noncanonical_brand' ? [doUpgrade, _t('issues.fix.upgrade_tags.annotation')] : null;
 
-           return [new validationIssue({
+           var autoArgs = subtype !== 'noncanonical_brand' ? [doUpgrade, _t('issues.fix.upgrade_tags.annotation')] : null;
+           issues.push(new validationIssue({
              type: type,
              subtype: subtype,
              severity: 'warning',
              message: showMessage,
              reference: showReference,
              entityIds: [entity.id],
-             hash: JSON.stringify(tagDiff),
-             dynamicFixes: () => {
-               return [
-                 new validationIssueFix({
-                   autoArgs: autoArgs,
-                   title: _t('issues.fix.upgrade_tags.title'),
-                   onClick: (context) => {
-                     context.perform(doUpgrade, _t('issues.fix.upgrade_tags.annotation'));
-                   }
-                 })
-               ];
+             hash: utilHashcode(JSON.stringify(tagDiff)),
+             dynamicFixes: function dynamicFixes() {
+               return [new validationIssueFix({
+                 autoArgs: autoArgs,
+                 title: _t.html('issues.fix.upgrade_tags.title'),
+                 onClick: function onClick(context) {
+                   context.perform(doUpgrade, _t('issues.fix.upgrade_tags.annotation'));
+                 }
+               })];
              }
-           })];
-
+           }));
+           return issues;
 
            function doUpgrade(graph) {
-             const currEntity = graph.hasEntity(entity.id);
+             var currEntity = graph.hasEntity(entity.id);
              if (!currEntity) return graph;
+             var newTags = Object.assign({}, currEntity.tags); // shallow copy
 
-             let newTags = Object.assign({}, currEntity.tags);  // shallow copy
-             tagDiff.forEach(diff => {
+             tagDiff.forEach(function (diff) {
                if (diff.type === '-') {
                  delete newTags[diff.key];
                } else if (diff.type === '+') {
                  newTags[diff.key] = diff.newVal;
                }
              });
-
              return actionChangeTags(currEntity.id, newTags)(graph);
            }
 
-
            function showMessage(context) {
-             const currEntity = context.hasEntity(entity.id);
+             var currEntity = context.hasEntity(entity.id);
              if (!currEntity) return '';
+             var messageID = "issues.outdated_tags.".concat(prefix, "message");
 
-             let messageID = `issues.outdated_tags.${prefix}message`;
              if (subtype === 'noncanonical_brand' && isOnlyAddingTags) {
                messageID += '_incomplete';
              }
-             return _t(messageID, { feature: utilDisplayLabel(currEntity, context.graph()) });
-           }
 
+             return _t.html(messageID, {
+               feature: utilDisplayLabel(currEntity, context.graph(), true
+               /* verbose */
+               )
+             });
+           }
 
            function showReference(selection) {
-             let enter = selection.selectAll('.issue-reference')
-               .data([0])
-               .enter();
-
-             enter
-               .append('div')
-               .attr('class', 'issue-reference')
-               .text(_t(`issues.outdated_tags.${prefix}reference`));
-
-             enter
-               .append('strong')
-               .text(_t('issues.suggested'));
-
-             enter
-               .append('table')
-               .attr('class', 'tagDiff-table')
-               .selectAll('.tagDiff-row')
-               .data(tagDiff)
-               .enter()
-               .append('tr')
-               .attr('class', 'tagDiff-row')
-               .append('td')
-               .attr('class', d => {
-                 let klass = d.type === '+' ? 'add' : 'remove';
-                 return `tagDiff-cell tagDiff-cell-${klass}`;
-               })
-               .text(d => d.display);
+             var enter = selection.selectAll('.issue-reference').data([0]).enter();
+             enter.append('div').attr('class', 'issue-reference').html(_t.html("issues.outdated_tags.".concat(prefix, "reference")));
+             enter.append('strong').html(_t.html('issues.suggested'));
+             enter.append('table').attr('class', 'tagDiff-table').selectAll('.tagDiff-row').data(tagDiff).enter().append('tr').attr('class', 'tagDiff-row').append('td').attr('class', function (d) {
+               var klass = d.type === '+' ? 'add' : 'remove';
+               return "tagDiff-cell tagDiff-cell-".concat(klass);
+             }).html(function (d) {
+               return d.display;
+             });
            }
          }
 
-
          function oldMultipolygonIssues(entity, graph) {
-           let multipolygon, outerWay;
+           var multipolygon, outerWay;
+
            if (entity.type === 'relation') {
              outerWay = osmOldMultipolygonOuterMemberOfRelation(entity, graph);
              multipolygon = entity;
            }
 
            if (!multipolygon || !outerWay) return [];
-
            return [new validationIssue({
              type: type,
              subtype: 'old_multipolygon',
              message: showMessage,
              reference: showReference,
              entityIds: [outerWay.id, multipolygon.id],
-             dynamicFixes: () => {
-               return [
-                 new validationIssueFix({
-                   autoArgs: [doUpgrade, _t('issues.fix.move_tags.annotation')],
-                   title: _t('issues.fix.move_tags.title'),
-                   onClick: (context) => {
-                     context.perform(doUpgrade, _t('issues.fix.move_tags.annotation'));
-                   }
-                 })
-               ];
+             dynamicFixes: function dynamicFixes() {
+               return [new validationIssueFix({
+                 autoArgs: [doUpgrade, _t('issues.fix.move_tags.annotation')],
+                 title: _t.html('issues.fix.move_tags.title'),
+                 onClick: function onClick(context) {
+                   context.perform(doUpgrade, _t('issues.fix.move_tags.annotation'));
+                 }
+               })];
              }
            })];
 
-
            function doUpgrade(graph) {
-             let currMultipolygon = graph.hasEntity(multipolygon.id);
-             let currOuterWay = graph.hasEntity(outerWay.id);
+             var currMultipolygon = graph.hasEntity(multipolygon.id);
+             var currOuterWay = graph.hasEntity(outerWay.id);
              if (!currMultipolygon || !currOuterWay) return graph;
-
              currMultipolygon = currMultipolygon.mergeTags(currOuterWay.tags);
              graph = graph.replace(currMultipolygon);
              return actionChangeTags(currOuterWay.id, {})(graph);
            }
 
-
            function showMessage(context) {
-             let currMultipolygon = context.hasEntity(multipolygon.id);
+             var currMultipolygon = context.hasEntity(multipolygon.id);
              if (!currMultipolygon) return '';
-
-             return _t('issues.old_multipolygon.message',
-                 { multipolygon: utilDisplayLabel(currMultipolygon, context.graph()) }
-             );
+             return _t.html('issues.old_multipolygon.message', {
+               multipolygon: utilDisplayLabel(currMultipolygon, context.graph(), true
+               /* verbose */
+               )
+             });
            }
 
-
            function showReference(selection) {
-             selection.selectAll('.issue-reference')
-               .data([0])
-               .enter()
-               .append('div')
-               .attr('class', 'issue-reference')
-               .text(_t('issues.old_multipolygon.reference'));
+             selection.selectAll('.issue-reference').data([0]).enter().append('div').attr('class', 'issue-reference').html(_t.html('issues.old_multipolygon.reference'));
            }
          }
 
-
-         let validation = function checkOutdatedTags(entity, graph) {
-           let issues = oldMultipolygonIssues(entity, graph);
+         var validation = function checkOutdatedTags(entity, graph) {
+           var issues = oldMultipolygonIssues(entity, graph);
            if (!issues.length) issues = oldTagIssues(entity, graph);
            return issues;
          };
 
-
          validation.type = type;
-
          return validation;
        }
 
        function validationPrivateData() {
-           var type = 'private_data';
-
-           // assume that some buildings are private
-           var privateBuildingValues = {
-               detached: true,
-               farm: true,
-               house: true,
-               houseboat: true,
-               residential: true,
-               semidetached_house: true,
-               static_caravan: true
-           };
-
-           // but they might be public if they have one of these other tags
-           var publicKeys = {
-               amenity: true,
-               craft: true,
-               historic: true,
-               leisure: true,
-               office: true,
-               shop: true,
-               tourism: true
-           };
-
-           // these tags may contain personally identifying info
-           var personalTags = {
-               'contact:email': true,
-               'contact:fax': true,
-               'contact:phone': true,
-               email: true,
-               fax: true,
-               phone: true
-           };
-
-
-           var validation = function checkPrivateData(entity) {
-               var tags = entity.tags;
-               if (!tags.building || !privateBuildingValues[tags.building]) return [];
-
-               var keepTags = {};
-               for (var k in tags) {
-                   if (publicKeys[k]) return [];  // probably a public feature
-                   if (!personalTags[k]) {
-                       keepTags[k] = tags[k];
-                   }
-               }
+         var type = 'private_data'; // assume that some buildings are private
+
+         var privateBuildingValues = {
+           detached: true,
+           farm: true,
+           house: true,
+           houseboat: true,
+           residential: true,
+           semidetached_house: true,
+           static_caravan: true
+         }; // but they might be public if they have one of these other tags
+
+         var publicKeys = {
+           amenity: true,
+           craft: true,
+           historic: true,
+           leisure: true,
+           office: true,
+           shop: true,
+           tourism: true
+         }; // these tags may contain personally identifying info
+
+         var personalTags = {
+           'contact:email': true,
+           'contact:fax': true,
+           'contact:phone': true,
+           email: true,
+           fax: true,
+           phone: true
+         };
+
+         var validation = function checkPrivateData(entity) {
+           var tags = entity.tags;
+           if (!tags.building || !privateBuildingValues[tags.building]) return [];
+           var keepTags = {};
 
-               var tagDiff = utilTagDiff(tags, keepTags);
-               if (!tagDiff.length) return [];
+           for (var k in tags) {
+             if (publicKeys[k]) return []; // probably a public feature
 
-               var fixID = tagDiff.length === 1 ? 'remove_tag' : 'remove_tags';
+             if (!personalTags[k]) {
+               keepTags[k] = tags[k];
+             }
+           }
 
-               return [new validationIssue({
-                   type: type,
-                   severity: 'warning',
-                   message: showMessage,
-                   reference: showReference,
-                   entityIds: [entity.id],
-                   dynamicFixes: function() {
-                       return [
-                           new validationIssueFix({
-                               icon: 'iD-operation-delete',
-                               title: _t('issues.fix.' + fixID + '.title'),
-                               onClick: function(context) {
-                                   context.perform(doUpgrade, _t('issues.fix.upgrade_tags.annotation'));
-                               }
-                           })
-                       ];
-                   }
+           var tagDiff = utilTagDiff(tags, keepTags);
+           if (!tagDiff.length) return [];
+           var fixID = tagDiff.length === 1 ? 'remove_tag' : 'remove_tags';
+           return [new validationIssue({
+             type: type,
+             severity: 'warning',
+             message: showMessage,
+             reference: showReference,
+             entityIds: [entity.id],
+             dynamicFixes: function dynamicFixes() {
+               return [new validationIssueFix({
+                 icon: 'iD-operation-delete',
+                 title: _t.html('issues.fix.' + fixID + '.title'),
+                 onClick: function onClick(context) {
+                   context.perform(doUpgrade, _t('issues.fix.upgrade_tags.annotation'));
+                 }
                })];
+             }
+           })];
 
+           function doUpgrade(graph) {
+             var currEntity = graph.hasEntity(entity.id);
+             if (!currEntity) return graph;
+             var newTags = Object.assign({}, currEntity.tags); // shallow copy
 
-               function doUpgrade(graph) {
-                   var currEntity = graph.hasEntity(entity.id);
-                   if (!currEntity) return graph;
-
-                   var newTags = Object.assign({}, currEntity.tags);  // shallow copy
-                   tagDiff.forEach(function(diff) {
-                       if (diff.type === '-') {
-                           delete newTags[diff.key];
-                       } else if (diff.type === '+') {
-                           newTags[diff.key] = diff.newVal;
-                       }
-                   });
-
-                   return actionChangeTags(currEntity.id, newTags)(graph);
-               }
-
-
-               function showMessage(context) {
-                   var currEntity = context.hasEntity(this.entityIds[0]);
-                   if (!currEntity) return '';
-
-                   return _t('issues.private_data.contact.message',
-                       { feature: utilDisplayLabel(currEntity, context.graph()) }
-                   );
-               }
-
-
-               function showReference(selection) {
-                   var enter = selection.selectAll('.issue-reference')
-                       .data([0])
-                       .enter();
-
-                   enter
-                       .append('div')
-                       .attr('class', 'issue-reference')
-                       .text(_t('issues.private_data.reference'));
-
-                   enter
-                       .append('strong')
-                       .text(_t('issues.suggested'));
-
-                   enter
-                       .append('table')
-                       .attr('class', 'tagDiff-table')
-                       .selectAll('.tagDiff-row')
-                       .data(tagDiff)
-                       .enter()
-                       .append('tr')
-                       .attr('class', 'tagDiff-row')
-                       .append('td')
-                       .attr('class', function(d) {
-                           var klass = d.type === '+' ? 'add' : 'remove';
-                           return 'tagDiff-cell tagDiff-cell-' + klass;
-                       })
-                       .text(function(d) { return d.display; });
+             tagDiff.forEach(function (diff) {
+               if (diff.type === '-') {
+                 delete newTags[diff.key];
+               } else if (diff.type === '+') {
+                 newTags[diff.key] = diff.newVal;
                }
-           };
+             });
+             return actionChangeTags(currEntity.id, newTags)(graph);
+           }
 
+           function showMessage(context) {
+             var currEntity = context.hasEntity(this.entityIds[0]);
+             if (!currEntity) return '';
+             return _t.html('issues.private_data.contact.message', {
+               feature: utilDisplayLabel(currEntity, context.graph())
+             });
+           }
 
-           validation.type = type;
+           function showReference(selection) {
+             var enter = selection.selectAll('.issue-reference').data([0]).enter();
+             enter.append('div').attr('class', 'issue-reference').html(_t.html('issues.private_data.reference'));
+             enter.append('strong').html(_t.html('issues.suggested'));
+             enter.append('table').attr('class', 'tagDiff-table').selectAll('.tagDiff-row').data(tagDiff).enter().append('tr').attr('class', 'tagDiff-row').append('td').attr('class', function (d) {
+               var klass = d.type === '+' ? 'add' : 'remove';
+               return 'tagDiff-cell tagDiff-cell-' + klass;
+             }).html(function (d) {
+               return d.display;
+             });
+           }
+         };
 
-           return validation;
+         validation.type = type;
+         return validation;
        }
 
-       let _discardNameRegexes = [];
-
        function validationSuspiciousName() {
-         const type = 'suspicious_name';
-         const keysToTestForGenericValues = [
-           'aerialway', 'aeroway', 'amenity', 'building', 'craft', 'highway',
-           'leisure', 'railway', 'man_made', 'office', 'shop', 'tourism', 'waterway'
-         ];
+         var type = 'suspicious_name';
+         var keysToTestForGenericValues = ['aerialway', 'aeroway', 'amenity', 'building', 'craft', 'highway', 'leisure', 'railway', 'man_made', 'office', 'shop', 'tourism', 'waterway'];
+         var _waitingForNsi = false; // Attempt to match a generic record in the name-suggestion-index.
 
-         // A concern here in switching to async data means that `_nsiFilters` will not
-         // be available at first, so the data on early tiles may not have tags validated fully.
+         function isGenericMatchInNsi(tags) {
+           var nsi = services.nsi;
 
-         _mainFileFetcher.get('nsi_filters')
-           .then(filters => {
-             // known list of generic names (e.g. "bar")
-             _discardNameRegexes = filters.discardNames
-               .map(discardName => new RegExp(discardName, 'i'));
-           })
-           .catch(() => { /* ignore */ });
+           if (nsi) {
+             _waitingForNsi = nsi.status() === 'loading';
 
+             if (!_waitingForNsi) {
+               return nsi.isGenericName(tags);
+             }
+           }
+
+           return false;
+         } // Test if the name is just the key or tag value (e.g. "park")
 
-         function isDiscardedSuggestionName(lowercaseName) {
-           return _discardNameRegexes.some(regex => regex.test(lowercaseName));
-         }
 
-         // test if the name is just the key or tag value (e.g. "park")
          function nameMatchesRawTag(lowercaseName, tags) {
-           for (let i = 0; i < keysToTestForGenericValues.length; i++) {
-             let key = keysToTestForGenericValues[i];
-             let val = tags[key];
+           for (var i = 0; i < keysToTestForGenericValues.length; i++) {
+             var key = keysToTestForGenericValues[i];
+             var val = tags[key];
+
              if (val) {
                val = val.toLowerCase();
-               if (key === lowercaseName ||
-                 val === lowercaseName ||
-                 key.replace(/\_/g, ' ') === lowercaseName ||
-                 val.replace(/\_/g, ' ') === lowercaseName) {
+
+               if (key === lowercaseName || val === lowercaseName || key.replace(/\_/g, ' ') === lowercaseName || val.replace(/\_/g, ' ') === lowercaseName) {
                  return true;
                }
              }
            }
+
            return false;
          }
 
          function isGenericName(name, tags) {
            name = name.toLowerCase();
-           return nameMatchesRawTag(name, tags) || isDiscardedSuggestionName(name);
+           return nameMatchesRawTag(name, tags) || isGenericMatchInNsi(tags);
          }
 
          function makeGenericNameIssue(entityId, nameKey, genericName, langCode) {
              type: type,
              subtype: 'generic_name',
              severity: 'warning',
-             message: function(context) {
-               let entity = context.hasEntity(this.entityIds[0]);
+             message: function message(context) {
+               var entity = context.hasEntity(this.entityIds[0]);
                if (!entity) return '';
-               let preset = _mainPresetIndex.match(entity, context.graph());
-               let langName = langCode && _mainLocalizer.languageName(langCode);
-               return _t('issues.generic_name.message' + (langName ? '_language' : ''),
-                 { feature: preset.name(), name: genericName, language: langName }
-               );
+               var preset = _mainPresetIndex.match(entity, context.graph());
+               var langName = langCode && _mainLocalizer.languageName(langCode);
+               return _t.html('issues.generic_name.message' + (langName ? '_language' : ''), {
+                 feature: preset.name(),
+                 name: genericName,
+                 language: langName
+               });
              },
              reference: showReference,
              entityIds: [entityId],
-             hash: nameKey + '=' + genericName,
-             dynamicFixes: function() {
-               return [
-                 new validationIssueFix({
-                   icon: 'iD-operation-delete',
-                   title: _t('issues.fix.remove_the_name.title'),
-                   onClick: function(context) {
-                     let entityId = this.issue.entityIds[0];
-                     let entity = context.entity(entityId);
-                     let tags = Object.assign({}, entity.tags);   // shallow copy
-                     delete tags[nameKey];
-                     context.perform(
-                       actionChangeTags(entityId, tags), _t('issues.fix.remove_generic_name.annotation')
-                     );
-                   }
-                 })
-               ];
+             hash: "".concat(nameKey, "=").concat(genericName),
+             dynamicFixes: function dynamicFixes() {
+               return [new validationIssueFix({
+                 icon: 'iD-operation-delete',
+                 title: _t.html('issues.fix.remove_the_name.title'),
+                 onClick: function onClick(context) {
+                   var entityId = this.issue.entityIds[0];
+                   var entity = context.entity(entityId);
+                   var tags = Object.assign({}, entity.tags); // shallow copy
+
+                   delete tags[nameKey];
+                   context.perform(actionChangeTags(entityId, tags), _t('issues.fix.remove_generic_name.annotation'));
+                 }
+               })];
              }
            });
 
            function showReference(selection) {
-             selection.selectAll('.issue-reference')
-               .data([0])
-               .enter()
-               .append('div')
-               .attr('class', 'issue-reference')
-               .text(_t('issues.generic_name.reference'));
+             selection.selectAll('.issue-reference').data([0]).enter().append('div').attr('class', 'issue-reference').html(_t.html('issues.generic_name.reference'));
            }
          }
 
              type: type,
              subtype: 'not_name',
              severity: 'warning',
-             message: function(context) {
-               const entity = context.hasEntity(this.entityIds[0]);
+             message: function message(context) {
+               var entity = context.hasEntity(this.entityIds[0]);
                if (!entity) return '';
-               const preset = _mainPresetIndex.match(entity, context.graph());
-               const langName = langCode && _mainLocalizer.languageName(langCode);
-               return _t('issues.incorrect_name.message' + (langName ? '_language' : ''),
-                 { feature: preset.name(), name: incorrectName, language: langName }
-               );
+               var preset = _mainPresetIndex.match(entity, context.graph());
+               var langName = langCode && _mainLocalizer.languageName(langCode);
+               return _t.html('issues.incorrect_name.message' + (langName ? '_language' : ''), {
+                 feature: preset.name(),
+                 name: incorrectName,
+                 language: langName
+               });
              },
              reference: showReference,
              entityIds: [entityId],
-             hash: nameKey + '=' + incorrectName,
-             dynamicFixes: function() {
-               return [
-                 new validationIssueFix({
-                   icon: 'iD-operation-delete',
-                   title: _t('issues.fix.remove_the_name.title'),
-                   onClick: function(context) {
-                     const entityId = this.issue.entityIds[0];
-                     const entity = context.entity(entityId);
-                     let tags = Object.assign({}, entity.tags);   // shallow copy
-                     delete tags[nameKey];
-                     context.perform(
-                       actionChangeTags(entityId, tags), _t('issues.fix.remove_mistaken_name.annotation')
-                     );
-                   }
-                 })
-               ];
+             hash: "".concat(nameKey, "=").concat(incorrectName),
+             dynamicFixes: function dynamicFixes() {
+               return [new validationIssueFix({
+                 icon: 'iD-operation-delete',
+                 title: _t.html('issues.fix.remove_the_name.title'),
+                 onClick: function onClick(context) {
+                   var entityId = this.issue.entityIds[0];
+                   var entity = context.entity(entityId);
+                   var tags = Object.assign({}, entity.tags); // shallow copy
+
+                   delete tags[nameKey];
+                   context.perform(actionChangeTags(entityId, tags), _t('issues.fix.remove_mistaken_name.annotation'));
+                 }
+               })];
              }
            });
 
            function showReference(selection) {
-             selection.selectAll('.issue-reference')
-               .data([0])
-               .enter()
-               .append('div')
-               .attr('class', 'issue-reference')
-               .text(_t('issues.generic_name.reference'));
+             selection.selectAll('.issue-reference').data([0]).enter().append('div').attr('class', 'issue-reference').html(_t.html('issues.generic_name.reference'));
            }
          }
 
+         var validation = function checkGenericName(entity) {
+           var tags = entity.tags; // a generic name is allowed if it's a known brand or entity
 
-         let validation = function checkGenericName(entity) {
-           // a generic name is okay if it's a known brand or entity
-           if (entity.hasWikidata()) return [];
-
-           let issues = [];
-           const notNames = (entity.tags['not:name'] || '').split(';');
+           var hasWikidata = !!tags.wikidata || !!tags['brand:wikidata'] || !!tags['operator:wikidata'];
+           if (hasWikidata) return [];
+           var issues = [];
+           var notNames = (tags['not:name'] || '').split(';');
 
-           for (let key in entity.tags) {
-             const m = key.match(/^name(?:(?::)([a-zA-Z_-]+))?$/);
+           for (var key in tags) {
+             var m = key.match(/^name(?:(?::)([a-zA-Z_-]+))?$/);
              if (!m) continue;
+             var langCode = m.length >= 2 ? m[1] : null;
+             var value = tags[key];
 
-             const langCode = m.length >= 2 ? m[1] : null;
-             const value = entity.tags[key];
              if (notNames.length) {
-               for (let i in notNames) {
-                 const notName = notNames[i];
+               for (var i in notNames) {
+                 var notName = notNames[i];
+
                  if (notName && value === notName) {
                    issues.push(makeIncorrectNameIssue(entity.id, key, value, langCode));
                    continue;
                  }
                }
              }
-             if (isGenericName(value, entity.tags)) {
+
+             if (isGenericName(value, tags)) {
+               issues.provisional = _waitingForNsi; // retry later if we are waiting on NSI to finish loading
+
                issues.push(makeGenericNameIssue(entity.id, key, value, langCode));
              }
            }
            return issues;
          };
 
-
          validation.type = type;
-
          return validation;
        }
 
        function validationUnsquareWay(context) {
-           var type = 'unsquare_way';
-           var DEFAULT_DEG_THRESHOLD = 5;   // see also issues.js
+         var type = 'unsquare_way';
+         var DEFAULT_DEG_THRESHOLD = 5; // see also issues.js
+         // use looser epsilon for detection to reduce warnings of buildings that are essentially square already
 
-           // use looser epsilon for detection to reduce warnings of buildings that are essentially square already
-           var epsilon = 0.05;
-           var nodeThreshold = 10;
-
-           function isBuilding(entity, graph) {
-               if (entity.type !== 'way' || entity.geometry(graph) !== 'area') return false;
-               return entity.tags.building && entity.tags.building !== 'no';
-           }
+         var epsilon = 0.05;
+         var nodeThreshold = 10;
 
+         function isBuilding(entity, graph) {
+           if (entity.type !== 'way' || entity.geometry(graph) !== 'area') return false;
+           return entity.tags.building && entity.tags.building !== 'no';
+         }
 
-           var validation = function checkUnsquareWay(entity, graph) {
+         var validation = function checkUnsquareWay(entity, graph) {
+           if (!isBuilding(entity, graph)) return []; // don't flag ways marked as physically unsquare
 
-               if (!isBuilding(entity, graph)) return [];
+           if (entity.tags.nonsquare === 'yes') return [];
+           var isClosed = entity.isClosed();
+           if (!isClosed) return []; // this building has bigger problems
+           // don't flag ways with lots of nodes since they are likely detail-mapped
 
-               // don't flag ways marked as physically unsquare
-               if (entity.tags.nonsquare === 'yes') return [];
+           var nodes = graph.childNodes(entity).slice(); // shallow copy
 
-               var isClosed = entity.isClosed();
-               if (!isClosed) return [];        // this building has bigger problems
+           if (nodes.length > nodeThreshold + 1) return []; // +1 because closing node appears twice
+           // ignore if not all nodes are fully downloaded
 
-               // don't flag ways with lots of nodes since they are likely detail-mapped
-               var nodes = graph.childNodes(entity).slice();    // shallow copy
-               if (nodes.length > nodeThreshold + 1) return [];   // +1 because closing node appears twice
+           var osm = services.osm;
+           if (!osm || nodes.some(function (node) {
+             return !osm.isDataLoaded(node.loc);
+           })) return []; // don't flag connected ways to avoid unresolvable unsquare loops
 
-               // ignore if not all nodes are fully downloaded
-               var osm = services.osm;
-               if (!osm || nodes.some(function(node) { return !osm.isDataLoaded(node.loc); })) return [];
-
-               // don't flag connected ways to avoid unresolvable unsquare loops
-               var hasConnectedSquarableWays = nodes.some(function(node) {
-                   return graph.parentWays(node).some(function(way) {
-                       if (way.id === entity.id) return false;
-                       if (isBuilding(way, graph)) return true;
-                       return graph.parentRelations(way).some(function(parentRelation) {
-                           return parentRelation.isMultipolygon() &&
-                               parentRelation.tags.building &&
-                               parentRelation.tags.building !== 'no';
-                       });
-                   });
+           var hasConnectedSquarableWays = nodes.some(function (node) {
+             return graph.parentWays(node).some(function (way) {
+               if (way.id === entity.id) return false;
+               if (isBuilding(way, graph)) return true;
+               return graph.parentRelations(way).some(function (parentRelation) {
+                 return parentRelation.isMultipolygon() && parentRelation.tags.building && parentRelation.tags.building !== 'no';
                });
-               if (hasConnectedSquarableWays) return [];
-
+             });
+           });
+           if (hasConnectedSquarableWays) return []; // user-configurable square threshold
 
-               // user-configurable square threshold
-               var storedDegreeThreshold = corePreferences('validate-square-degrees');
-               var degreeThreshold = isNaN(storedDegreeThreshold) ? DEFAULT_DEG_THRESHOLD : parseFloat(storedDegreeThreshold);
+           var storedDegreeThreshold = corePreferences('validate-square-degrees');
+           var degreeThreshold = isNaN(storedDegreeThreshold) ? DEFAULT_DEG_THRESHOLD : parseFloat(storedDegreeThreshold);
+           var points = nodes.map(function (node) {
+             return context.projection(node.loc);
+           });
+           if (!geoOrthoCanOrthogonalize(points, isClosed, epsilon, degreeThreshold, true)) return [];
+           var autoArgs; // don't allow autosquaring features linked to wikidata
 
-               var points = nodes.map(function(node) { return context.projection(node.loc); });
-               if (!geoOrthoCanOrthogonalize(points, isClosed, epsilon, degreeThreshold, true)) return [];
+           if (!entity.tags.wikidata) {
+             // use same degree threshold as for detection
+             var autoAction = actionOrthogonalize(entity.id, context.projection, undefined, degreeThreshold);
+             autoAction.transitionable = false; // when autofixing, do it instantly
 
-               var autoArgs;
-               // don't allow autosquaring features linked to wikidata
-               if (!entity.tags.wikidata) {
-                   // use same degree threshold as for detection
-                   var autoAction = actionOrthogonalize(entity.id, context.projection, undefined, degreeThreshold);
-                   autoAction.transitionable = false;  // when autofixing, do it instantly
-                   autoArgs = [autoAction, _t('operations.orthogonalize.annotation.feature.single')];
-               }
+             autoArgs = [autoAction, _t('operations.orthogonalize.annotation.feature', {
+               n: 1
+             })];
+           }
 
-               return [new validationIssue({
-                   type: type,
-                   subtype: 'building',
-                   severity: 'warning',
-                   message: function(context) {
-                       var entity = context.hasEntity(this.entityIds[0]);
-                       return entity ? _t('issues.unsquare_way.message', { feature: utilDisplayLabel(entity, context.graph()) }) : '';
-                   },
-                   reference: showReference,
-                   entityIds: [entity.id],
-                   hash: JSON.stringify(autoArgs !== undefined) + degreeThreshold,
-                   dynamicFixes: function() {
-                       return [
-                           new validationIssueFix({
-                               icon: 'iD-operation-orthogonalize',
-                               title: _t('issues.fix.square_feature.title'),
-                               autoArgs: autoArgs,
-                               onClick: function(context, completionHandler) {
-                                   var entityId = this.issue.entityIds[0];
-                                   // use same degree threshold as for detection
-                                   context.perform(
-                                       actionOrthogonalize(entityId, context.projection, undefined, degreeThreshold),
-                                       _t('operations.orthogonalize.annotation.feature.single')
-                                   );
-                                   // run after the squaring transition (currently 150ms)
-                                   window.setTimeout(function() { completionHandler(); }, 175);
-                               }
-                           }),
-                           /*
-                           new validationIssueFix({
-                               title: t('issues.fix.tag_as_unsquare.title'),
-                               onClick: function(context) {
-                                   var entityId = this.issue.entityIds[0];
-                                   var entity = context.entity(entityId);
-                                   var tags = Object.assign({}, entity.tags);  // shallow copy
-                                   tags.nonsquare = 'yes';
-                                   context.perform(
-                                       actionChangeTags(entityId, tags),
-                                       t('issues.fix.tag_as_unsquare.annotation')
-                                   );
-                               }
-                           })
-                           */
-                       ];
+           return [new validationIssue({
+             type: type,
+             subtype: 'building',
+             severity: 'warning',
+             message: function message(context) {
+               var entity = context.hasEntity(this.entityIds[0]);
+               return entity ? _t.html('issues.unsquare_way.message', {
+                 feature: utilDisplayLabel(entity, context.graph())
+               }) : '';
+             },
+             reference: showReference,
+             entityIds: [entity.id],
+             hash: degreeThreshold,
+             dynamicFixes: function dynamicFixes() {
+               return [new validationIssueFix({
+                 icon: 'iD-operation-orthogonalize',
+                 title: _t.html('issues.fix.square_feature.title'),
+                 autoArgs: autoArgs,
+                 onClick: function onClick(context, completionHandler) {
+                   var entityId = this.issue.entityIds[0]; // use same degree threshold as for detection
+
+                   context.perform(actionOrthogonalize(entityId, context.projection, undefined, degreeThreshold), _t('operations.orthogonalize.annotation.feature', {
+                     n: 1
+                   })); // run after the squaring transition (currently 150ms)
+
+                   window.setTimeout(function () {
+                     completionHandler();
+                   }, 175);
+                 }
+               })
+               /*
+               new validationIssueFix({
+                   title: t.html('issues.fix.tag_as_unsquare.title'),
+                   onClick: function(context) {
+                       var entityId = this.issue.entityIds[0];
+                       var entity = context.entity(entityId);
+                       var tags = Object.assign({}, entity.tags);  // shallow copy
+                       tags.nonsquare = 'yes';
+                       context.perform(
+                           actionChangeTags(entityId, tags),
+                           t('issues.fix.tag_as_unsquare.annotation')
+                       );
                    }
-               })];
-
-               function showReference(selection) {
-                   selection.selectAll('.issue-reference')
-                       .data([0])
-                       .enter()
-                       .append('div')
-                       .attr('class', 'issue-reference')
-                       .text(_t('issues.unsquare_way.buildings.reference'));
-               }
-           };
+               })
+               */
+               ];
+             }
+           })];
 
-           validation.type = type;
+           function showReference(selection) {
+             selection.selectAll('.issue-reference').data([0]).enter().append('div').attr('class', 'issue-reference').html(_t.html('issues.unsquare_way.buildings.reference'));
+           }
+         };
 
-           return validation;
+         validation.type = type;
+         return validation;
        }
 
        var Validations = /*#__PURE__*/Object.freeze({
                validationUnsquareWay: validationUnsquareWay
        });
 
-       function coreValidator(context) {
-           var dispatch$1 = dispatch('validated', 'focusedIssue');
-           var validator = utilRebind({}, dispatch$1, 'on');
+       function coreValidator(context) {
+         var _this = this;
+
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('validated', 'focusedIssue');
+         var validator = utilRebind({}, dispatch, 'on');
+         var _rules = {};
+         var _disabledRules = {};
+
+         var _ignoredIssueIDs = new Set();
+
+         var _resolvedIssueIDs = new Set();
+
+         var _baseCache = validationCache(); // issues before any user edits
+
+
+         var _headCache = validationCache(); // issues after all user edits
+
+
+         var _headGraph = null;
+         var _headIsCurrent = false;
+
+         var _deferredRIC = new Set(); // Set( RequestIdleCallback handles )
+
+
+         var _deferredST = new Set(); // Set( SetTimeout handles )
+
+
+         var _headPromise; // Promise fulfilled when validation is performed up to headGraph snapshot
+
+
+         var RETRY = 5000; // wait 5sec before revalidating provisional entities
+         // Allow validation severity to be overridden by url queryparams...
+         // Each param should contain a urlencoded comma separated list of
+         // `type/subtype` rules.  `*` may be used as a wildcard..
+         // Examples:
+         //  `validationError=disconnected_way/*`
+         //  `validationError=disconnected_way/highway`
+         //  `validationError=crossing_ways/bridge*`
+         //  `validationError=crossing_ways/bridge*,crossing_ways/tunnel*`
+
+         var _errorOverrides = parseHashParam(context.initialHashParams.validationError);
+
+         var _warningOverrides = parseHashParam(context.initialHashParams.validationWarning);
+
+         var _disableOverrides = parseHashParam(context.initialHashParams.validationDisable);
+
+         function parseHashParam(param) {
+           var result = [];
+           var rules = (param || '').split(',');
+           rules.forEach(function (rule) {
+             rule = rule.trim();
+             var parts = rule.split('/', 2); // "type/subtype"
+
+             var type = parts[0];
+             var subtype = parts[1] || '*';
+             if (!type || !subtype) return;
+             result.push({
+               type: makeRegExp(type),
+               subtype: makeRegExp(subtype)
+             });
+           });
+           return result;
+         }
+
+         function makeRegExp(str) {
+           var escaped = str.replace(/[-\/\\^$+?.()|[\]{}]/g, '\\$&') // escape all reserved chars except for the '*'
+           .replace(/\*/g, '.*'); // treat a '*' like '.*'
+
+           return new RegExp('^' + escaped + '$');
+         } // `init()`
+         // Initialize the validator, called once on iD startup
+         //
+
+
+         validator.init = function () {
+           Object.values(Validations).forEach(function (validation) {
+             if (typeof validation !== 'function') return;
+             var fn = validation(context);
+             var key = fn.type;
+             _rules[key] = fn;
+           });
+           var disabledRules = corePreferences('validate-disabledRules');
+
+           if (disabledRules) {
+             disabledRules.split(',').forEach(function (k) {
+               return _disabledRules[k] = true;
+             });
+           }
+         }; // `reset()`   (private)
+         // Cancels deferred work and resets all caches
+         //
+         // Arguments
+         //   `resetIgnored` - `true` to clear the list of user-ignored issues
+         //
+
+
+         function reset(resetIgnored) {
+           // cancel deferred work
+           _deferredRIC.forEach(window.cancelIdleCallback);
+
+           _deferredRIC.clear();
+
+           _deferredST.forEach(window.clearTimeout);
+
+           _deferredST.clear(); // empty queues and resolve any pending promise
+
+
+           _baseCache.queue = [];
+           _headCache.queue = [];
+           processQueue(_headCache);
+           processQueue(_baseCache); // clear caches
+
+           if (resetIgnored) _ignoredIssueIDs.clear();
+
+           _resolvedIssueIDs.clear();
+
+           _baseCache = validationCache();
+           _headCache = validationCache();
+           _headGraph = null;
+           _headIsCurrent = false;
+         } // `reset()`
+         // clear caches, called whenever iD resets after a save or switches sources
+         // (clears out the _ignoredIssueIDs set also)
+         //
+
+
+         validator.reset = function () {
+           reset(true);
+         }; // `resetIgnoredIssues()`
+         // clears out the _ignoredIssueIDs Set
+         //
+
+
+         validator.resetIgnoredIssues = function () {
+           _ignoredIssueIDs.clear();
+
+           dispatch.call('validated'); // redraw UI
+         }; // `revalidateUnsquare()`
+         // Called whenever the user changes the unsquare threshold
+         // It reruns just the "unsquare_way" validation on all buildings.
+         //
+
+
+         validator.revalidateUnsquare = function () {
+           revalidateUnsquare(_headCache, _headGraph);
+           revalidateUnsquare(_baseCache, context.history().base());
+           dispatch.call('validated');
+         };
+
+         function revalidateUnsquare(cache, graph) {
+           var checkUnsquareWay = _rules.unsquare_way;
+           if (!graph || typeof checkUnsquareWay !== 'function') return; // uncache existing
+
+           cache.uncacheIssuesOfType('unsquare_way');
+           var buildings = context.history().tree().intersects(geoExtent([-180, -90], [180, 90]), graph) // everywhere
+           .filter(function (entity) {
+             return entity.type === 'way' && entity.tags.building && entity.tags.building !== 'no';
+           }); // rerun for all buildings
+
+           buildings.forEach(function (entity) {
+             var detected = checkUnsquareWay(entity, graph);
+             if (!detected.length) return;
+             cache.cacheIssues(detected);
+           });
+         } // `getIssues()`
+         // Gets all issues that match the given options
+         // This is called by many other places
+         //
+         // Arguments
+         //   `options` Object like:
+         //   {
+         //     what: 'all',                  // 'all' or 'edited'
+         //     where: 'all',                 // 'all' or 'visible'
+         //     includeIgnored: false,        // true, false, or 'only'
+         //     includeDisabledRules: false   // true, false, or 'only'
+         //   }
+         //
+         // Returns
+         //   An Array containing the issues
+         //
+
+
+         validator.getIssues = function (options) {
+           var opts = Object.assign({
+             what: 'all',
+             where: 'all',
+             includeIgnored: false,
+             includeDisabledRules: false
+           }, options);
+           var view = context.map().extent();
+           var issues = [];
+           var seen = new Set(); // collect head issues - caused by user edits
+
+           var cache = _headCache;
+
+           if (_headGraph) {
+             Object.values(cache.issuesByIssueID).forEach(function (issue) {
+               if (!filter(issue, _headGraph, cache)) return;
+               seen.add(issue.id);
+               issues.push(issue);
+             });
+           } // collect base issues - not caused by user edits
+
+
+           if (opts.what === 'all') {
+             cache = _baseCache;
+             Object.values(cache.issuesByIssueID).forEach(function (issue) {
+               if (!filter(issue, context.history().base(), cache)) return;
+               seen.add(issue.id);
+               issues.push(issue);
+             });
+           }
+
+           return issues;
+
+           function filter(issue, resolver, cache) {
+             if (!issue) return false;
+             if (seen.has(issue.id)) return false;
+             if (_resolvedIssueIDs.has(issue.id)) return false;
+             if (opts.includeDisabledRules === 'only' && !_disabledRules[issue.type]) return false;
+             if (!opts.includeDisabledRules && _disabledRules[issue.type]) return false;
+             if (opts.includeIgnored === 'only' && !_ignoredIssueIDs.has(issue.id)) return false;
+             if (!opts.includeIgnored && _ignoredIssueIDs.has(issue.id)) return false; // Sanity check:  This issue may be for an entity that not longer exists.
+             // If we detect this, uncache and return false so it is not included..
+
+             var entityIDs = issue.entityIds || [];
+
+             for (var i = 0; i < entityIDs.length; i++) {
+               var entityID = entityIDs[i];
+
+               if (!resolver.hasEntity(entityID)) {
+                 cache.uncacheEntityID(entityID);
+                 return false;
+               }
+             }
+
+             if (opts.where === 'visible') {
+               var extent = issue.extent(resolver);
+               if (!view.intersects(extent)) return false;
+             }
+
+             return true;
+           }
+         }; // `getResolvedIssues()`
+         // Gets the issues that have been fixed by the user.
+         // Resolved issues are tracked in the `_resolvedIssueIDs` Set
+         //
+         // Returns
+         //   An Array containing the issues
+         //
+
+
+         validator.getResolvedIssues = function () {
+           var collected = new Set();
+           Object.values(_baseCache.issuesByIssueID).forEach(function (issue) {
+             if (_resolvedIssueIDs.has(issue.id)) collected.add(issue);
+           });
+           Object.values(_headCache.issuesByIssueID).forEach(function (issue) {
+             if (_resolvedIssueIDs.has(issue.id)) collected.add(issue);
+           });
+           return Array.from(collected);
+         }; // `focusIssue()`
+         // Adjusts the map to focus on the given issue.
+         // (requires the issue to have a reasonable extent defined)
+         //
+         // Arguments
+         //   `issue` - the issue to focus on
+         //
+
+
+         validator.focusIssue = function (issue) {
+           var extent = issue.extent(context.graph());
+           if (!extent) return;
+           var setZoom = Math.max(context.map().zoom(), 19);
+           context.map().unobscuredCenterZoomEase(extent.center(), setZoom); // select the first entity
+
+           if (issue.entityIds && issue.entityIds.length) {
+             window.setTimeout(function () {
+               var ids = issue.entityIds;
+               context.enter(modeSelect(context, [ids[0]]));
+               dispatch.call('focusedIssue', _this, issue);
+             }, 250); // after ease
+           }
+         }; // `getIssuesBySeverity()`
+         // Gets the issues then groups them by error/warning
+         // (This just calls getIssues, then puts issues in groups)
+         //
+         // Arguments
+         //   `options` - (see `getIssues`)
+         // Returns
+         //   Object result like:
+         //   {
+         //     error:    Array of errors,
+         //     warning:  Array of warnings
+         //   }
+         //
+
+
+         validator.getIssuesBySeverity = function (options) {
+           var groups = utilArrayGroupBy(validator.getIssues(options), 'severity');
+           groups.error = groups.error || [];
+           groups.warning = groups.warning || [];
+           return groups;
+         }; // `getEntityIssues()`
+         // Gets the issues that the given entity IDs have in common, matching the given options
+         // (This just calls getIssues, then filters for the given entity IDs)
+         // The issues are sorted for relevance
+         //
+         // Arguments
+         //   `entityIDs` - Array or Set of entityIDs to get issues for
+         //   `options` - (see `getIssues`)
+         // Returns
+         //   An Array containing the issues
+         //
+
+
+         validator.getSharedEntityIssues = function (entityIDs, options) {
+           // show some issue types in a particular order
+           var orderedIssueTypes = [// flag missing data first
+           'missing_tag', 'missing_role', // then flag identity issues
+           'outdated_tags', 'mismatched_geometry', // flag geometry issues where fixing them might solve connectivity issues
+           'crossing_ways', 'almost_junction', // then flag connectivity issues
+           'disconnected_way', 'impossible_oneway'];
+           var allIssues = validator.getIssues(options);
+           var forEntityIDs = new Set(entityIDs);
+           return allIssues.filter(function (issue) {
+             return (issue.entityIds || []).some(function (entityID) {
+               return forEntityIDs.has(entityID);
+             });
+           }).sort(function (issue1, issue2) {
+             if (issue1.type === issue2.type) {
+               // issues of the same type, sort deterministically
+               return issue1.id < issue2.id ? -1 : 1;
+             }
+
+             var index1 = orderedIssueTypes.indexOf(issue1.type);
+             var index2 = orderedIssueTypes.indexOf(issue2.type);
+
+             if (index1 !== -1 && index2 !== -1) {
+               // both issue types have explicit sort orders
+               return index1 - index2;
+             } else if (index1 === -1 && index2 === -1) {
+               // neither issue type has an explicit sort order, sort by type
+               return issue1.type < issue2.type ? -1 : 1;
+             } else {
+               // order explicit types before everything else
+               return index1 !== -1 ? -1 : 1;
+             }
+           });
+         }; // `getEntityIssues()`
+         // Get an array of detected issues for the given entityID.
+         // (This just calls getSharedEntityIssues for a single entity)
+         //
+         // Arguments
+         //   `entityID` - the entity ID to get the issues for
+         //   `options` - (see `getIssues`)
+         // Returns
+         //   An Array containing the issues
+         //
+
+
+         validator.getEntityIssues = function (entityID, options) {
+           return validator.getSharedEntityIssues([entityID], options);
+         }; // `getRuleKeys()`
+         //
+         // Returns
+         //   An Array containing the rule keys
+         //
+
+
+         validator.getRuleKeys = function () {
+           return Object.keys(_rules);
+         }; // `isRuleEnabled()`
+         //
+         // Arguments
+         //   `key` - the rule to check (e.g. 'crossing_ways')
+         // Returns
+         //   `true`/`false`
+         //
+
+
+         validator.isRuleEnabled = function (key) {
+           return !_disabledRules[key];
+         }; // `toggleRule()`
+         // Toggles a single validation rule,
+         // then reruns the validation so that the user sees something happen in the UI
+         //
+         // Arguments
+         //   `key` - the rule to toggle (e.g. 'crossing_ways')
+         //
+
+
+         validator.toggleRule = function (key) {
+           if (_disabledRules[key]) {
+             delete _disabledRules[key];
+           } else {
+             _disabledRules[key] = true;
+           }
+
+           corePreferences('validate-disabledRules', Object.keys(_disabledRules).join(','));
+           validator.validate();
+         }; // `disableRules()`
+         // Disables given validation rules,
+         // then reruns the validation so that the user sees something happen in the UI
+         //
+         // Arguments
+         //   `keys` - Array or Set containing rule keys to disable
+         //
+
+
+         validator.disableRules = function (keys) {
+           _disabledRules = {};
+           keys.forEach(function (k) {
+             return _disabledRules[k] = true;
+           });
+           corePreferences('validate-disabledRules', Object.keys(_disabledRules).join(','));
+           validator.validate();
+         }; // `ignoreIssue()`
+         // Don't show the given issue in lists
+         //
+         // Arguments
+         //   `issueID` - the issueID
+         //
+
+
+         validator.ignoreIssue = function (issueID) {
+           _ignoredIssueIDs.add(issueID);
+         }; // `validate()`
+         // Validates anything that has changed in the head graph since the last time it was run.
+         // (head graph contains user's edits)
+         //
+         // Returns
+         //   A Promise fulfilled when the validation has completed and then dispatches a `validated` event.
+         //   This may take time but happen in the background during browser idle time.
+         //
+
+
+         validator.validate = function () {
+           var currGraph = context.graph();
+
+           var prevGraph = _headGraph || context.history().base();
+
+           if (currGraph === prevGraph) {
+             // _headGraph is current - we are caught up
+             _headIsCurrent = true;
+             dispatch.call('validated');
+             return Promise.resolve();
+           }
+
+           if (_headPromise) {
+             // Validation already in process, but we aren't caught up to current
+             _headIsCurrent = false; // We will need to catch up after the validation promise fulfills
+
+             return _headPromise;
+           }
+
+           _headGraph = currGraph; // take snapshot
+
+           var difference = coreDifference(prevGraph, _headGraph); // Gather all entities related to this difference..
+           // For created/modified, use the head graph
+
+           var entityIDs = difference.extantIDs(true); // created/modified (true = w/relation members)
+
+           entityIDs = entityIDsToValidate(entityIDs, _headGraph); // For modified/deleted, use the previous graph
+           // (e.g. deleting the only highway connected to a road should create a disconnected highway issue)
+
+           var previousEntityIDs = difference.deleted().concat(difference.modified()).map(function (entity) {
+             return entity.id;
+           });
+           previousEntityIDs = entityIDsToValidate(previousEntityIDs, prevGraph);
+           previousEntityIDs.forEach(entityIDs.add, entityIDs); // concat the sets
+
+           if (!entityIDs.size) {
+             dispatch.call('validated');
+             return Promise.resolve();
+           }
+
+           _headPromise = validateEntitiesAsync(entityIDs, _headGraph, _headCache).then(function () {
+             return updateResolvedIssues(entityIDs);
+           }).then(function () {
+             return dispatch.call('validated');
+           })["catch"](function () {
+             /* ignore */
+           }).then(function () {
+             _headPromise = null;
+
+             if (!_headIsCurrent) {
+               validator.validate(); // run it again to catch up to current graph
+             }
+           });
+           return _headPromise;
+         }; // register event handlers:
+         // WHEN TO RUN VALIDATION:
+         // When history changes:
+
+
+         context.history().on('restore.validator', validator.validate) // on restore saved history
+         .on('undone.validator', validator.validate) // on undo
+         .on('redone.validator', validator.validate) // on redo
+         .on('reset.validator', function () {
+           // on history reset - happens after save, or enter/exit walkthrough
+           reset(false); // cached issues aren't valid any longer if the history has been reset
+
+           validator.validate();
+         }); // but not on 'change' (e.g. while drawing)
+         // When user changes editing modes (to catch recent changes e.g. drawing)
+
+         context.on('exit.validator', validator.validate); // When merging fetched data, validate base graph:
+
+         context.history().on('merge.validator', function (entities) {
+           if (!entities) return;
+           var baseGraph = context.history().base();
+           var entityIDs = entities.map(function (entity) {
+             return entity.id;
+           });
+           entityIDs = entityIDsToValidate(entityIDs, baseGraph);
+           validateEntitiesAsync(entityIDs, baseGraph, _baseCache);
+         }); // `validateEntity()`   (private)
+         // Runs all validation rules on a single entity.
+         // Some things to note:
+         //  - Graph is passed in from whenever the validation was started.  Validators shouldn't use
+         //   `context.graph()` because this all happens async, and the graph might have changed
+         //   (for example, nodes getting deleted before the validation can run)
+         //  - Validator functions may still be waiting on something and return a "provisional" result.
+         //    In this situation, we will schedule to revalidate the entity sometime later.
+         //
+         // Arguments
+         //   `entity` - The entity
+         //   `graph` - graph containing the entity
+         //
+         // Returns
+         //   Object result like:
+         //   {
+         //     issues:       Array of detected issues
+         //     provisional:  `true` if provisional result, `false` if final result
+         //   }
+         //
+
+         function validateEntity(entity, graph) {
+           var result = {
+             issues: [],
+             provisional: false
+           }; // runs validation and appends resulting issues
+
+           function runValidation(key) {
+             var fn = _rules[key];
+
+             if (typeof fn !== 'function') {
+               console.error('no such validation rule = ' + key); // eslint-disable-line no-console
+
+               return;
+             }
+
+             var detected = fn(entity, graph).filter(applySeverityOverrides);
+
+             if (detected.provisional) {
+               // this validation should be run again later
+               result.provisional = true;
+             }
+
+             result.issues = result.issues.concat(detected);
+           } // run all rules
+
+
+           Object.keys(_rules).forEach(runValidation);
+           return result;
+         } // If there are any override rules that match the issue type/subtype,
+         // adjust severity (or disable it) and keep/discard as quickly as possible.
+
+
+         function applySeverityOverrides(issue) {
+           var type = issue.type;
+           var subtype = issue.subtype || '';
+           var i;
+
+           for (i = 0; i < _errorOverrides.length; i++) {
+             if (_errorOverrides[i].type.test(type) && _errorOverrides[i].subtype.test(subtype)) {
+               issue.severity = 'error';
+               return true;
+             }
+           }
+
+           for (i = 0; i < _warningOverrides.length; i++) {
+             if (_warningOverrides[i].type.test(type) && _warningOverrides[i].subtype.test(subtype)) {
+               issue.severity = 'warning';
+               return true;
+             }
+           }
+
+           for (i = 0; i < _disableOverrides.length; i++) {
+             if (_disableOverrides[i].type.test(type) && _disableOverrides[i].subtype.test(subtype)) {
+               return false;
+             }
+           }
+
+           return true;
+         } // `entityIDsToValidate()`   (private)
+         // Collects the complete list of entityIDs related to the input entityIDs.
+         //
+         // Arguments
+         //   `entityIDs` - Set or Array containing entityIDs.
+         //   `graph` - graph containing the entities
+         //
+         // Returns
+         //   Set containing entityIDs
+         //
+
+
+         function entityIDsToValidate(entityIDs, graph) {
+           var seen = new Set();
+           var collected = new Set();
+           entityIDs.forEach(function (entityID) {
+             // keep `seen` separate from `collected` because an `entityID`
+             // could have been added to `collected` as a related entity through an earlier pass
+             if (seen.has(entityID)) return;
+             seen.add(entityID);
+             var entity = graph.hasEntity(entityID);
+             if (!entity) return;
+             collected.add(entityID); // collect self
+
+             var checkParentRels = [entity];
+
+             if (entity.type === 'node') {
+               graph.parentWays(entity).forEach(function (parentWay) {
+                 collected.add(parentWay.id); // collect parent ways
+
+                 checkParentRels.push(parentWay);
+               });
+             } else if (entity.type === 'relation') {
+               entity.members.forEach(function (member) {
+                 return collected.add(member.id);
+               }); // collect members
+             } else if (entity.type === 'way') {
+               entity.nodes.forEach(function (nodeID) {
+                 collected.add(nodeID); // collect child nodes
+
+                 graph._parentWays[nodeID].forEach(function (wayID) {
+                   return collected.add(wayID);
+                 }); // collect connected ways
+
+               });
+             }
+
+             checkParentRels.forEach(function (entity) {
+               // collect parent relations
+               if (entity.type !== 'relation') {
+                 // but not super-relations
+                 graph.parentRelations(entity).forEach(function (parentRelation) {
+                   return collected.add(parentRelation.id);
+                 });
+               }
+             });
+           });
+           return collected;
+         } // `updateResolvedIssues()`   (private)
+         // Determine if any issues were resolved for the given entities.
+         // This is called by `validate()` after validation of the head graph
+         //
+         // Arguments
+         //   `entityIDs` - Set containing entity IDs.
+         //
+
+
+         function updateResolvedIssues(entityIDs) {
+           entityIDs.forEach(function (entityID) {
+             var headIssues = _headCache.issuesByEntityID[entityID];
+             var baseIssues = _baseCache.issuesByEntityID[entityID];
+             if (!baseIssues) return;
+             baseIssues.forEach(function (issueID) {
+               if (headIssues && headIssues.has(issueID)) {
+                 // issue still not resolved
+                 _resolvedIssueIDs["delete"](issueID); // (did undo, or possibly fixed and then re-caused the issue)
+
+               } else {
+                 _resolvedIssueIDs.add(issueID);
+               }
+             });
+           });
+         } // `validateEntitiesAsync()`   (private)
+         // Schedule validation for many entities.
+         //
+         // Arguments
+         //   `entityIDs` - Set containing entity IDs.
+         //   `graph` - the graph to validate that contains those entities
+         //   `cache` - the cache to store results in (_headCache or _baseCache)
+         //
+         // Returns
+         //   A Promise fulfilled when the validation has completed.
+         //   This may take time but happen in the background during browser idle time.
+         //
+
+
+         function validateEntitiesAsync(entityIDs, graph, cache) {
+           // Enqueue the work
+           var jobs = Array.from(entityIDs).map(function (entityID) {
+             if (cache.queuedEntityIDs.has(entityID)) return null; // queued already
+
+             cache.queuedEntityIDs.add(entityID);
+             return function () {
+               // clear caches for existing issues related to this entity
+               cache.uncacheEntityID(entityID);
+               cache.queuedEntityIDs["delete"](entityID); // detect new issues and update caches
+
+               var entity = graph.hasEntity(entityID); // Sanity check: don't validate deleted entities
+
+               if (entity) {
+                 var result = validateEntity(entity, graph);
+
+                 if (result.provisional) {
+                   // provisional result
+                   cache.provisionalEntityIDs.add(entityID); // we'll need to revalidate this entity again later
+                 }
+
+                 cache.cacheIssues(result.issues); // update cache
+               }
+             };
+           }).filter(Boolean); // Perform the work in chunks.
+           // Because this will happen during idle callbacks, we want to choose a chunk size
+           // that won't make the browser stutter too badly.
+
+           cache.queue = cache.queue.concat(utilArrayChunk(jobs, 100)); // Perform the work
+
+           if (cache.queuePromise) return cache.queuePromise;
+           cache.queuePromise = processQueue(cache).then(function () {
+             return revalidateProvisionalEntities(cache);
+           })["catch"](function () {
+             /* ignore */
+           })["finally"](function () {
+             return cache.queuePromise = null;
+           });
+           return cache.queuePromise;
+         } // `revalidateProvisionalEntities()`   (private)
+         // Sometimes a validator will return a "provisional" result.
+         // In this situation, we'll need to revalidate the entity later.
+         // This function waits a delay, then places them back into the validation queue.
+         //
+         // Arguments
+         //   `cache` - The cache (_headCache or _baseCache)
+         //
+
+
+         function revalidateProvisionalEntities(cache) {
+           if (!cache.provisionalEntityIDs.size) return; // nothing to do
+
+           var handle = window.setTimeout(function () {
+             _deferredST["delete"](handle);
+
+             if (!cache.provisionalEntityIDs.size) return; // nothing to do
+
+             var graph = cache === _headCache ? _headGraph : context.history().base();
+             validateEntitiesAsync(cache.provisionalEntityIDs, graph, cache);
+           }, RETRY);
+
+           _deferredST.add(handle);
+         } // `processQueue(queue)`   (private)
+         // Process the next chunk of deferred validation work
+         //
+         // Arguments
+         //   `cache` - The cache (_headCache or _baseCache)
+         //
+         // Returns
+         //   A Promise fulfilled when the validation has completed.
+         //   This may take time but happen in the background during browser idle time.
+         //
+
+
+         function processQueue(cache) {
+           // const which = (cache === _headCache) ? 'head' : 'base';
+           // console.log(`${which} queue length ${cache.queue.length}`);
+           if (!cache.queue.length) return Promise.resolve(); // we're done
+
+           var chunk = cache.queue.pop();
+           return new Promise(function (resolvePromise) {
+             var handle = window.requestIdleCallback(function () {
+               _deferredRIC["delete"](handle); // const t0 = performance.now();
+
+
+               chunk.forEach(function (job) {
+                 return job();
+               }); // const t1 = performance.now();
+               // console.log('chunk processed in ' + (t1 - t0) + ' ms');
+
+               resolvePromise();
+             });
+
+             _deferredRIC.add(handle);
+           }).then(function () {
+             // dispatch an event sometimes to redraw various UI things
+             if (cache.queue.length % 25 === 0) dispatch.call('validated');
+           }).then(function () {
+             return processQueue(cache);
+           });
+         }
+
+         return validator;
+       } // `validationCache()`   (private)
+       // Creates a cache to store validation state
+       // We create 2 of these:
+       //   `_baseCache` for validation on the base graph (unedited)
+       //   `_headCache` for validation on the head graph (user edits applied)
+       //
+
+       function validationCache() {
+         var cache = {
+           queue: [],
+           queuePromise: null,
+           queuedEntityIDs: new Set(),
+           provisionalEntityIDs: new Set(),
+           issuesByIssueID: {},
+           // issue.id -> issue
+           issuesByEntityID: {} // entity.id -> set(issue.id)
+
+         };
+
+         cache.cacheIssues = function (issues) {
+           issues.forEach(function (issue) {
+             var entityIDs = issue.entityIds || [];
+             entityIDs.forEach(function (entityID) {
+               if (!cache.issuesByEntityID[entityID]) {
+                 cache.issuesByEntityID[entityID] = new Set();
+               }
+
+               cache.issuesByEntityID[entityID].add(issue.id);
+             });
+             cache.issuesByIssueID[issue.id] = issue;
+           });
+         };
+
+         cache.uncacheIssue = function (issue) {
+           // When multiple entities are involved (e.g. crossing_ways),
+           // remove this issue from the other entity caches too..
+           var entityIDs = issue.entityIds || [];
+           entityIDs.forEach(function (entityID) {
+             if (cache.issuesByEntityID[entityID]) {
+               cache.issuesByEntityID[entityID]["delete"](issue.id);
+             }
+           });
+           delete cache.issuesByIssueID[issue.id];
+         };
+
+         cache.uncacheIssues = function (issues) {
+           issues.forEach(cache.uncacheIssue);
+         };
+
+         cache.uncacheIssuesOfType = function (type) {
+           var issuesOfType = Object.values(cache.issuesByIssueID).filter(function (issue) {
+             return issue.type === type;
+           });
+           cache.uncacheIssues(issuesOfType);
+         }; // Remove a single entity and all its related issues from the caches
+
+
+         cache.uncacheEntityID = function (entityID) {
+           var issueIDs = cache.issuesByEntityID[entityID];
+
+           if (issueIDs) {
+             issueIDs.forEach(function (issueID) {
+               var issue = cache.issuesByIssueID[issueID];
+
+               if (issue) {
+                 cache.uncacheIssue(issue);
+               } else {
+                 delete cache.issuesByIssueID[issueID];
+               }
+             });
+           }
+
+           delete cache.issuesByEntityID[entityID];
+           cache.provisionalEntityIDs["delete"](entityID);
+         };
+
+         return cache;
+       }
+
+       function coreUploader(context) {
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8( // Start and end events are dispatched exactly once each per legitimate outside call to `save`
+         'saveStarted', // dispatched as soon as a call to `save` has been deemed legitimate
+         'saveEnded', // dispatched after the result event has been dispatched
+         'willAttemptUpload', // dispatched before the actual upload call occurs, if it will
+         'progressChanged', // Each save results in one of these outcomes:
+         'resultNoChanges', // upload wasn't attempted since there were no edits
+         'resultErrors', // upload failed due to errors
+         'resultConflicts', // upload failed due to data conflicts
+         'resultSuccess' // upload completed without errors
+         );
+         var _isSaving = false;
+         var _conflicts = [];
+         var _errors = [];
+
+         var _origChanges;
+
+         var _discardTags = {};
+         _mainFileFetcher.get('discarded').then(function (d) {
+           _discardTags = d;
+         })["catch"](function () {
+           /* ignore */
+         });
+         var uploader = utilRebind({}, dispatch, 'on');
+
+         uploader.isSaving = function () {
+           return _isSaving;
+         };
+
+         uploader.save = function (changeset, tryAgain, checkConflicts) {
+           // Guard against accidentally entering save code twice - #4641
+           if (_isSaving && !tryAgain) {
+             return;
+           }
+
+           var osm = context.connection();
+           if (!osm) return; // If user somehow got logged out mid-save, try to reauthenticate..
+           // This can happen if they were logged in from before, but the tokens are no longer valid.
+
+           if (!osm.authenticated()) {
+             osm.authenticate(function (err) {
+               if (!err) {
+                 uploader.save(changeset, tryAgain, checkConflicts); // continue where we left off..
+               }
+             });
+             return;
+           }
+
+           if (!_isSaving) {
+             _isSaving = true;
+             dispatch.call('saveStarted', this);
+           }
+
+           var history = context.history();
+           _conflicts = [];
+           _errors = []; // Store original changes, in case user wants to download them as an .osc file
+
+           _origChanges = history.changes(actionDiscardTags(history.difference(), _discardTags)); // First time, `history.perform` a no-op action.
+           // Any conflict resolutions will be done as `history.replace`
+           // Remember to pop this later if needed
+
+           if (!tryAgain) {
+             history.perform(actionNoop());
+           } // Attempt a fast upload.. If there are conflicts, re-enter with `checkConflicts = true`
+
+
+           if (!checkConflicts) {
+             upload(changeset); // Do the full (slow) conflict check..
+           } else {
+             performFullConflictCheck(changeset);
+           }
+         };
+
+         function performFullConflictCheck(changeset) {
+           var osm = context.connection();
+           if (!osm) return;
+           var history = context.history();
+           var localGraph = context.graph();
+           var remoteGraph = coreGraph(history.base(), true);
+           var summary = history.difference().summary();
+           var _toCheck = [];
+
+           for (var i = 0; i < summary.length; i++) {
+             var item = summary[i];
+
+             if (item.changeType === 'modified') {
+               _toCheck.push(item.entity.id);
+             }
+           }
+
+           var _toLoad = withChildNodes(_toCheck, localGraph);
+
+           var _loaded = {};
+           var _toLoadCount = 0;
+           var _toLoadTotal = _toLoad.length;
+
+           if (_toCheck.length) {
+             dispatch.call('progressChanged', this, _toLoadCount, _toLoadTotal);
+
+             _toLoad.forEach(function (id) {
+               _loaded[id] = false;
+             });
+
+             osm.loadMultiple(_toLoad, loaded);
+           } else {
+             upload(changeset);
+           }
+
+           return;
 
-           var _rules = {};
-           var _disabledRules = {};
+           function withChildNodes(ids, graph) {
+             var s = new Set(ids);
+             ids.forEach(function (id) {
+               var entity = graph.entity(id);
+               if (entity.type !== 'way') return;
+               graph.childNodes(entity).forEach(function (child) {
+                 if (child.version !== undefined) {
+                   s.add(child.id);
+                 }
+               });
+             });
+             return Array.from(s);
+           } // Reload modified entities into an alternate graph and check for conflicts..
 
-           var _ignoredIssueIDs = {};          // issue.id -> true
-           var _baseCache = validationCache(); // issues before any user edits
-           var _headCache = validationCache(); // issues after all user edits
-           var _validatedGraph = null;
-           var _deferred = new Set();
 
-           //
-           // initialize the validator rulesets
-           //
-           validator.init = function() {
-               Object.values(Validations).forEach(function(validation) {
-                   if (typeof validation !== 'function') return;
+           function loaded(err, result) {
+             if (_errors.length) return;
 
-                   var fn = validation(context);
-                   var key = fn.type;
-                   _rules[key] = fn;
+             if (err) {
+               _errors.push({
+                 msg: err.message || err.responseText,
+                 details: [_t('save.status_code', {
+                   code: err.status
+                 })]
                });
 
-               var disabledRules = corePreferences('validate-disabledRules');
-               if (disabledRules) {
-                   disabledRules.split(',')
-                       .forEach(function(key) { _disabledRules[key] = true; });
-               }
-           };
+               didResultInErrors();
+             } else {
+               var loadMore = [];
+               result.data.forEach(function (entity) {
+                 remoteGraph.replace(entity);
+                 _loaded[entity.id] = true;
+                 _toLoad = _toLoad.filter(function (val) {
+                   return val !== entity.id;
+                 });
+                 if (!entity.visible) return; // Because loadMultiple doesn't download /full like loadEntity,
+                 // need to also load children that aren't already being checked..
 
+                 var i, id;
 
-           //
-           // clear caches, called whenever iD resets after a save
-           //
-           validator.reset = function() {
-               Array.from(_deferred).forEach(function(handle) {
-                   window.cancelIdleCallback(handle);
-                   _deferred.delete(handle);
+                 if (entity.type === 'way') {
+                   for (i = 0; i < entity.nodes.length; i++) {
+                     id = entity.nodes[i];
+
+                     if (_loaded[id] === undefined) {
+                       _loaded[id] = false;
+                       loadMore.push(id);
+                     }
+                   }
+                 } else if (entity.type === 'relation' && entity.isMultipolygon()) {
+                   for (i = 0; i < entity.members.length; i++) {
+                     id = entity.members[i].id;
+
+                     if (_loaded[id] === undefined) {
+                       _loaded[id] = false;
+                       loadMore.push(id);
+                     }
+                   }
+                 }
                });
+               _toLoadCount += result.data.length;
+               _toLoadTotal += loadMore.length;
+               dispatch.call('progressChanged', this, _toLoadCount, _toLoadTotal);
 
-               // clear caches
-               _ignoredIssueIDs = {};
-               _baseCache = validationCache();
-               _headCache = validationCache();
-               _validatedGraph = null;
-           };
+               if (loadMore.length) {
+                 _toLoad.push.apply(_toLoad, loadMore);
 
-           validator.resetIgnoredIssues = function() {
-               _ignoredIssueIDs = {};
-               // reload UI
-               dispatch$1.call('validated');
-           };
+                 osm.loadMultiple(loadMore, loaded);
+               }
 
+               if (!_toLoad.length) {
+                 detectConflicts();
+                 upload(changeset);
+               }
+             }
+           }
 
-           // must update issues when the user changes the unsquare thereshold
-           validator.reloadUnsquareIssues = function() {
+           function detectConflicts() {
+             function choice(id, text, _action) {
+               return {
+                 id: id,
+                 text: text,
+                 action: function action() {
+                   history.replace(_action);
+                 }
+               };
+             }
 
-               reloadUnsquareIssues(_headCache, context.graph());
-               reloadUnsquareIssues(_baseCache, context.history().base());
+             function formatUser(d) {
+               return '<a href="' + osm.userURL(d) + '" target="_blank">' + d + '</a>';
+             }
 
-               dispatch$1.call('validated');
-           };
+             function entityName(entity) {
+               return utilDisplayName(entity) || utilDisplayType(entity.id) + ' ' + entity.id;
+             }
 
-           function reloadUnsquareIssues(cache, graph) {
+             function sameVersions(local, remote) {
+               if (local.version !== remote.version) return false;
 
-               var checkUnsquareWay = _rules.unsquare_way;
-               if (typeof checkUnsquareWay !== 'function') return;
+               if (local.type === 'way') {
+                 var children = utilArrayUnion(local.nodes, remote.nodes);
 
-               // uncache existing
-               cache.uncacheIssuesOfType('unsquare_way');
+                 for (var i = 0; i < children.length; i++) {
+                   var a = localGraph.hasEntity(children[i]);
+                   var b = remoteGraph.hasEntity(children[i]);
+                   if (a && b && a.version !== b.version) return false;
+                 }
+               }
 
-               var buildings = context.history().tree().intersects(geoExtent([-180,-90],[180, 90]), graph)  // everywhere
-                   .filter(function(entity) {
-                       return entity.type === 'way' && entity.tags.building && entity.tags.building !== 'no';
-                   });
+               return true;
+             }
 
-               // rerun for all buildings
-               buildings.forEach(function(entity) {
-                   var detected = checkUnsquareWay(entity, graph);
-                   if (detected.length !== 1) return;
-                   var issue = detected[0];
-                   if (!cache.issuesByEntityID[entity.id]) {
-                       cache.issuesByEntityID[entity.id] = new Set();
-                   }
-                   cache.issuesByEntityID[entity.id].add(issue.id);
-                   cache.issuesByIssueID[issue.id] = issue;
+             _toCheck.forEach(function (id) {
+               var local = localGraph.entity(id);
+               var remote = remoteGraph.entity(id);
+               if (sameVersions(local, remote)) return;
+               var merge = actionMergeRemoteChanges(id, localGraph, remoteGraph, _discardTags, formatUser);
+               history.replace(merge);
+               var mergeConflicts = merge.conflicts();
+               if (!mergeConflicts.length) return; // merged safely
+
+               var forceLocal = actionMergeRemoteChanges(id, localGraph, remoteGraph, _discardTags).withOption('force_local');
+               var forceRemote = actionMergeRemoteChanges(id, localGraph, remoteGraph, _discardTags).withOption('force_remote');
+               var keepMine = _t('save.conflict.' + (remote.visible ? 'keep_local' : 'restore'));
+               var keepTheirs = _t('save.conflict.' + (remote.visible ? 'keep_remote' : 'delete'));
+
+               _conflicts.push({
+                 id: id,
+                 name: entityName(local),
+                 details: mergeConflicts,
+                 chosen: 1,
+                 choices: [choice(id, keepMine, forceLocal), choice(id, keepTheirs, forceRemote)]
                });
+             });
            }
+         }
 
-           // options = {
-           //     what: 'all',     // 'all' or 'edited'
-           //     where: 'all',   // 'all' or 'visible'
-           //     includeIgnored: false   // true, false, or 'only'
-           //     includeDisabledRules: false   // true, false, or 'only'
-           // };
-           validator.getIssues = function(options) {
-               var opts = Object.assign({ what: 'all', where: 'all', includeIgnored: false, includeDisabledRules: false }, options);
-               var issues = Object.values(_headCache.issuesByIssueID);
-               var view = context.map().extent();
-
-               return issues.filter(function(issue) {
-                   if (!issue) return false;
-                   if (opts.includeDisabledRules === 'only' && !_disabledRules[issue.type]) return false;
-                   if (!opts.includeDisabledRules && _disabledRules[issue.type]) return false;
-
-                   if (opts.includeIgnored === 'only' && !_ignoredIssueIDs[issue.id]) return false;
-                   if (!opts.includeIgnored && _ignoredIssueIDs[issue.id]) return false;
-
-                   // Sanity check:  This issue may be for an entity that not longer exists.
-                   // If we detect this, uncache and return false so it is not included..
-                   var entityIds = issue.entityIds || [];
-                   for (var i = 0; i < entityIds.length; i++) {
-                       var entityId = entityIds[i];
-                       if (!context.hasEntity(entityId)) {
-                           delete _headCache.issuesByEntityID[entityId];
-                           delete _headCache.issuesByIssueID[issue.id];
-                           return false;
-                       }
-                   }
+         function upload(changeset) {
+           var osm = context.connection();
 
-                   if (opts.what === 'edited' && _baseCache.issuesByIssueID[issue.id]) return false;
+           if (!osm) {
+             _errors.push({
+               msg: 'No OSM Service'
+             });
+           }
 
-                   if (opts.where === 'visible') {
-                       var extent = issue.extent(context.graph());
-                       if (!view.intersects(extent)) return false;
-                   }
+           if (_conflicts.length) {
+             didResultInConflicts(changeset);
+           } else if (_errors.length) {
+             didResultInErrors();
+           } else {
+             var history = context.history();
+             var changes = history.changes(actionDiscardTags(history.difference(), _discardTags));
 
-                   return true;
-               });
-           };
+             if (changes.modified.length || changes.created.length || changes.deleted.length) {
+               dispatch.call('willAttemptUpload', this);
+               osm.putChangeset(changeset, changes, uploadCallback);
+             } else {
+               // changes were insignificant or reverted by user
+               didResultInNoChanges();
+             }
+           }
+         }
 
-           validator.getResolvedIssues = function() {
-               var baseIssues = Object.values(_baseCache.issuesByIssueID);
-               return baseIssues.filter(function(issue) {
-                   return !_headCache.issuesByIssueID[issue.id];
+         function uploadCallback(err, changeset) {
+           if (err) {
+             if (err.status === 409) {
+               // 409 Conflict
+               uploader.save(changeset, true, true); // tryAgain = true, checkConflicts = true
+             } else {
+               _errors.push({
+                 msg: err.message || err.responseText,
+                 details: [_t('save.status_code', {
+                   code: err.status
+                 })]
                });
-           };
 
-           validator.focusIssue = function(issue) {
-               var extent = issue.extent(context.graph());
+               didResultInErrors();
+             }
+           } else {
+             didResultInSuccess(changeset);
+           }
+         }
 
-               if (extent) {
-                   var setZoom = Math.max(context.map().zoom(), 19);
-                   context.map().unobscuredCenterZoomEase(extent.center(), setZoom);
+         function didResultInNoChanges() {
+           dispatch.call('resultNoChanges', this);
+           endSave();
+           context.flush(); // reset iD
+         }
 
-                   // select the first entity
-                   if (issue.entityIds && issue.entityIds.length) {
-                       window.setTimeout(function() {
-                           var ids = issue.entityIds;
-                           context.enter(modeSelect(context, [ids[0]]));
-                           dispatch$1.call('focusedIssue', this, issue);
-                       }, 250);  // after ease
-                   }
-               }
-           };
+         function didResultInErrors() {
+           context.history().pop();
+           dispatch.call('resultErrors', this, _errors);
+           endSave();
+         }
 
+         function didResultInConflicts(changeset) {
+           _conflicts.sort(function (a, b) {
+             return b.id.localeCompare(a.id);
+           });
 
-           validator.getIssuesBySeverity = function(options) {
-               var groups = utilArrayGroupBy(validator.getIssues(options), 'severity');
-               groups.error = groups.error || [];
-               groups.warning = groups.warning || [];
-               return groups;
-           };
+           dispatch.call('resultConflicts', this, changeset, _conflicts, _origChanges);
+           endSave();
+         }
 
-           // show some issue types in a particular order
-           var orderedIssueTypes = [
-               // flag missing data first
-               'missing_tag', 'missing_role',
-               // then flag identity issues
-               'outdated_tags', 'mismatched_geometry',
-               // flag geometry issues where fixing them might solve connectivity issues
-               'crossing_ways', 'almost_junction',
-               // then flag connectivity issues
-               'disconnected_way', 'impossible_oneway'
-           ];
-
-           // returns the issues that the given entity IDs have in common, matching the given options
-           validator.getSharedEntityIssues = function(entityIDs, options) {
-               var cache = _headCache;
-
-               // gather the issues that are common to all the entities
-               var issueIDs = entityIDs.reduce(function(acc, entityID) {
-                   var entityIssueIDs = cache.issuesByEntityID[entityID] || new Set();
-                   if (!acc) {
-                       return new Set(entityIssueIDs);
-                   }
-                   return new Set([...acc].filter(function(elem) {
-                       return entityIssueIDs.has(elem);
-                   }));
-               }, null) || [];
+         function didResultInSuccess(changeset) {
+           // delete the edit stack cached to local storage
+           context.history().clearSaved();
+           dispatch.call('resultSuccess', this, changeset); // Add delay to allow for postgres replication #1646 #2678
 
-               var opts = options || {};
+           window.setTimeout(function () {
+             endSave();
+             context.flush(); // reset iD
+           }, 2500);
+         }
 
-               return Array.from(issueIDs)
-                   .map(function(id) { return cache.issuesByIssueID[id]; })
-                   .filter(function(issue) {
-                       if (!issue) return false;
-                       if (opts.includeDisabledRules === 'only' && !_disabledRules[issue.type]) return false;
-                       if (!opts.includeDisabledRules && _disabledRules[issue.type]) return false;
+         function endSave() {
+           _isSaving = false;
+           dispatch.call('saveEnded', this);
+         }
 
-                       if (opts.includeIgnored === 'only' && !_ignoredIssueIDs[issue.id]) return false;
-                       if (!opts.includeIgnored && _ignoredIssueIDs[issue.id]) return false;
+         uploader.cancelConflictResolution = function () {
+           context.history().pop();
+         };
 
-                       return true;
-                   }).sort(function(issue1, issue2) {
-                       if (issue1.type === issue2.type) {
-                           // issues of the same type, sort deterministically
-                           return issue1.id < issue2.id ? -1 : 1;
-                       }
-                       var index1 = orderedIssueTypes.indexOf(issue1.type);
-                       var index2 = orderedIssueTypes.indexOf(issue2.type);
-                       if (index1 !== -1 && index2 !== -1) {
-                           // both issue types have explicit sort orders
-                           return index1 - index2;
-                       } else if (index1 === -1 && index2 === -1) {
-                           // neither issue type has an explicit sort order, sort by type
-                           return issue1.type < issue2.type ? -1 : 1;
-                       } else {
-                           // order explicit types before everything else
-                           return index1 !== -1 ? -1 : 1;
-                       }
-                   });
-           };
+         uploader.processResolvedConflicts = function (changeset) {
+           var history = context.history();
 
+           for (var i = 0; i < _conflicts.length; i++) {
+             if (_conflicts[i].chosen === 1) {
+               // user chose "use theirs"
+               var entity = context.hasEntity(_conflicts[i].id);
 
-           validator.getEntityIssues = function(entityID, options) {
-               return validator.getSharedEntityIssues([entityID], options);
-           };
+               if (entity && entity.type === 'way') {
+                 var children = utilArrayUniq(entity.nodes);
 
+                 for (var j = 0; j < children.length; j++) {
+                   history.replace(actionRevert(children[j]));
+                 }
+               }
 
-           validator.getRuleKeys = function() {
-               return Object.keys(_rules);
-           };
+               history.replace(actionRevert(_conflicts[i].id));
+             }
+           }
 
+           uploader.save(changeset, true, false); // tryAgain = true, checkConflicts = false
+         };
 
-           validator.isRuleEnabled = function(key) {
-               return !_disabledRules[key];
-           };
+         uploader.reset = function () {};
 
+         return uploader;
+       }
 
-           validator.toggleRule = function(key) {
-               if (_disabledRules[key]) {
-                   delete _disabledRules[key];
-               } else {
-                   _disabledRules[key] = true;
-               }
+       var abs = Math.abs;
+       var exp = Math.exp;
+       var E = Math.E;
 
-               corePreferences('validate-disabledRules', Object.keys(_disabledRules).join(','));
-               validator.validate();
-           };
+       var FORCED = fails(function () {
+         // eslint-disable-next-line es/no-math-sinh -- required for testing
+         return Math.sinh(-2e-17) != -2e-17;
+       });
 
+       // `Math.sinh` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-math.sinh
+       // V8 near Chromium 38 has a problem with very small numbers
+       _export({ target: 'Math', stat: true, forced: FORCED }, {
+         sinh: function sinh(x) {
+           return abs(x = +x) < 1 ? (mathExpm1(x) - mathExpm1(-x)) / 2 : (exp(x - 1) - exp(-x - 1)) * (E / 2);
+         }
+       });
 
-           validator.disableRules = function(keys) {
-               _disabledRules = {};
-               keys.forEach(function(k) {
-                   _disabledRules[k] = true;
-               });
+       var isRetina = window.devicePixelRatio && window.devicePixelRatio >= 2; // listen for DPI change, e.g. when dragging a browser window from a retina to non-retina screen
 
-               corePreferences('validate-disabledRules', Object.keys(_disabledRules).join(','));
-               validator.validate();
-           };
+       window.matchMedia("\n        (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2), /* Safari */\n        (min-resolution: 2dppx),             /* standard */\n        (min-resolution: 192dpi)             /* fallback */\n    ").addListener(function () {
+         isRetina = window.devicePixelRatio && window.devicePixelRatio >= 2;
+       });
 
+       function localeDateString(s) {
+         if (!s) return null;
+         var options = {
+           day: 'numeric',
+           month: 'short',
+           year: 'numeric'
+         };
+         var d = new Date(s);
+         if (isNaN(d.getTime())) return null;
+         return d.toLocaleDateString(_mainLocalizer.localeCode(), options);
+       }
 
-           validator.ignoreIssue = function(id) {
-               _ignoredIssueIDs[id] = true;
-           };
+       function vintageRange(vintage) {
+         var s;
 
+         if (vintage.start || vintage.end) {
+           s = vintage.start || '?';
 
-           //
-           // Run validation on a single entity for the given graph
-           //
-           function validateEntity(entity, graph) {
-               var entityIssues = [];
+           if (vintage.start !== vintage.end) {
+             s += ' - ' + (vintage.end || '?');
+           }
+         }
 
-               // runs validation and appends resulting issues
-               function runValidation(key) {
+         return s;
+       }
 
-                   var fn = _rules[key];
-                   if (typeof fn !== 'function') {
-                       console.error('no such validation rule = ' + key);  // eslint-disable-line no-console
-                       return;
-                   }
+       function rendererBackgroundSource(data) {
+         var source = Object.assign({}, data); // shallow copy
 
-                   var detected = fn(entity, graph);
-                   entityIssues = entityIssues.concat(detected);
-               }
+         var _offset = [0, 0];
+         var _name = source.name;
+         var _description = source.description;
 
-               // run all rules
-               Object.keys(_rules).forEach(runValidation);
+         var _best = !!source.best;
 
-               return entityIssues;
-           }
+         var _template = source.encrypted ? utilAesDecrypt(source.template) : source.template;
 
-           function entityIDsToValidate(entityIDs, graph) {
-               var processedIDs = new Set();
-               return entityIDs.reduce(function(acc, entityID) {
-                   // keep redundancy check separate from `acc` because an `entityID`
-                   // could have been added to `acc` as a related entity through an earlier pass
-                   if (processedIDs.has(entityID)) return acc;
-                   processedIDs.add(entityID);
+         source.tileSize = data.tileSize || 256;
+         source.zoomExtent = data.zoomExtent || [0, 22];
+         source.overzoom = data.overzoom !== false;
 
-                   var entity = graph.hasEntity(entityID);
-                   if (!entity) return acc;
+         source.offset = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _offset;
+           _offset = val;
+           return source;
+         };
 
-                   acc.add(entityID);
+         source.nudge = function (val, zoomlevel) {
+           _offset[0] += val[0] / Math.pow(2, zoomlevel);
+           _offset[1] += val[1] / Math.pow(2, zoomlevel);
+           return source;
+         };
 
-                   var checkParentRels = [entity];
+         source.name = function () {
+           var id_safe = source.id.replace(/\./g, '<TX_DOT>');
+           return _t('imagery.' + id_safe + '.name', {
+             "default": _name
+           });
+         };
 
-                   if (entity.type === 'node') {
-                       graph.parentWays(entity).forEach(function(parentWay) {
-                           acc.add(parentWay.id); // include parent ways
-                           checkParentRels.push(parentWay);
-                       });
-                   } else if (entity.type === 'relation') {
-                       entity.members.forEach(function(member) {
-                           acc.add(member.id); // include members
-                       });
-                   } else if (entity.type === 'way') {
-                       entity.nodes.forEach(function(nodeID) {
-                           acc.add(nodeID); // include child nodes
-                           graph._parentWays[nodeID].forEach(function(wayID) {
-                               acc.add(wayID); // include connected ways
-                           });
-                       });
-                   }
+         source.label = function () {
+           var id_safe = source.id.replace(/\./g, '<TX_DOT>');
+           return _t.html('imagery.' + id_safe + '.name', {
+             "default": _name
+           });
+         };
 
-                   checkParentRels.forEach(function(entity) {   // include parent relations
-                       if (entity.type !== 'relation') {        // but not super-relations
-                           graph.parentRelations(entity).forEach(function(parentRelation) {
-                               acc.add(parentRelation.id);
-                           });
-                       }
-                   });
+         source.description = function () {
+           var id_safe = source.id.replace(/\./g, '<TX_DOT>');
+           return _t.html('imagery.' + id_safe + '.description', {
+             "default": _description
+           });
+         };
 
-                   return acc;
+         source.best = function () {
+           return _best;
+         };
 
-               }, new Set());
-           }
+         source.area = function () {
+           if (!data.polygon) return Number.MAX_VALUE; // worldwide
 
-           //
-           // Run validation for several entities, supplied `entityIDs`,
-           // against `graph` for the given `cache`
-           //
-           function validateEntities(entityIDs, graph, cache) {
+           var area = d3_geoArea({
+             type: 'MultiPolygon',
+             coordinates: [data.polygon]
+           });
+           return isNaN(area) ? 0 : area;
+         };
 
-               // clear caches for existing issues related to these entities
-               entityIDs.forEach(cache.uncacheEntityID);
+         source.imageryUsed = function () {
+           return _name || source.id;
+         };
 
-               // detect new issues and update caches
-               entityIDs.forEach(function(entityID) {
-                   var entity = graph.hasEntity(entityID);
-                   // don't validate deleted entities
-                   if (!entity) return;
+         source.template = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _template;
 
-                   var issues = validateEntity(entity, graph);
-                   cache.cacheIssues(issues);
-               });
+           if (source.id === 'custom' || source.id === 'Bing') {
+             _template = val;
            }
 
+           return source;
+         };
 
-           //
-           // Validates anything that has changed since the last time it was run.
-           // Also updates the "validatedGraph" to be the current graph
-           // and dispatches a `validated` event when finished.
-           //
-           validator.validate = function() {
+         source.url = function (coord) {
+           var result = _template;
+           if (result === '') return result; // source 'none'
+           // Guess a type based on the tokens present in the template
+           // (This is for 'custom' source, where we don't know)
 
-               var currGraph = context.graph();
-               _validatedGraph = _validatedGraph || context.history().base();
-               if (currGraph === _validatedGraph) {
-                   dispatch$1.call('validated');
-                   return;
-               }
-               var oldGraph = _validatedGraph;
-               var difference = coreDifference(oldGraph, currGraph);
-               _validatedGraph = currGraph;
+           if (!source.type) {
+             if (/SERVICE=WMS|\{(proj|wkid|bbox)\}/.test(_template)) {
+               source.type = 'wms';
+               source.projection = 'EPSG:3857'; // guess
+             } else if (/\{(x|y)\}/.test(_template)) {
+               source.type = 'tms';
+             } else if (/\{u\}/.test(_template)) {
+               source.type = 'bing';
+             }
+           }
 
-               var createdAndModifiedEntityIDs = difference.extantIDs(true);   // created/modified (true = w/relation members)
-               var entityIDsToCheck = entityIDsToValidate(createdAndModifiedEntityIDs, currGraph);
+           if (source.type === 'wms') {
+             var tileToProjectedCoords = function tileToProjectedCoords(x, y, z) {
+               //polyfill for IE11, PhantomJS
+               var sinh = Math.sinh || function (x) {
+                 var y = Math.exp(x);
+                 return (y - 1 / y) / 2;
+               };
 
-               // check modified and deleted entities against the old graph in order to update their related entities
-               // (e.g. deleting the only highway connected to a road should create a disconnected highway issue)
-               var modifiedAndDeletedEntityIDs = difference.deleted().concat(difference.modified())
-                   .map(function(entity) { return entity.id; });
-               var entityIDsToCheckForOldGraph = entityIDsToValidate(modifiedAndDeletedEntityIDs, oldGraph);
+               var zoomSize = Math.pow(2, z);
+               var lon = x / zoomSize * Math.PI * 2 - Math.PI;
+               var lat = Math.atan(sinh(Math.PI * (1 - 2 * y / zoomSize)));
 
-               // concat the sets
-               entityIDsToCheckForOldGraph.forEach(entityIDsToCheck.add, entityIDsToCheck);
+               switch (source.projection) {
+                 case 'EPSG:4326':
+                   return {
+                     x: lon * 180 / Math.PI,
+                     y: lat * 180 / Math.PI
+                   };
 
-               validateEntities(entityIDsToCheck, context.graph(), _headCache);
+                 default:
+                   // EPSG:3857 and synonyms
+                   var mercCoords = mercatorRaw(lon, lat);
+                   return {
+                     x: 20037508.34 / Math.PI * mercCoords[0],
+                     y: 20037508.34 / Math.PI * mercCoords[1]
+                   };
+               }
+             };
 
-               dispatch$1.call('validated');
-           };
+             var tileSize = source.tileSize;
+             var projection = source.projection;
+             var minXmaxY = tileToProjectedCoords(coord[0], coord[1], coord[2]);
+             var maxXminY = tileToProjectedCoords(coord[0] + 1, coord[1] + 1, coord[2]);
+             result = result.replace(/\{(\w+)\}/g, function (token, key) {
+               switch (key) {
+                 case 'width':
+                 case 'height':
+                   return tileSize;
+
+                 case 'proj':
+                   return projection;
+
+                 case 'wkid':
+                   return projection.replace(/^EPSG:/, '');
+
+                 case 'bbox':
+                   // WMS 1.3 flips x/y for some coordinate systems including EPSG:4326 - #7557
+                   if (projection === 'EPSG:4326' && // The CRS parameter implies version 1.3 (prior versions use SRS)
+                   /VERSION=1.3|CRS={proj}/.test(source.template().toUpperCase())) {
+                     return maxXminY.y + ',' + minXmaxY.x + ',' + minXmaxY.y + ',' + maxXminY.x;
+                   } else {
+                     return minXmaxY.x + ',' + maxXminY.y + ',' + maxXminY.x + ',' + minXmaxY.y;
+                   }
 
+                 case 'w':
+                   return minXmaxY.x;
 
-           // WHEN TO RUN VALIDATION:
-           // When graph changes:
-           context.history()
-               .on('restore.validator', validator.validate)   // restore saved history
-               .on('undone.validator', validator.validate)    // undo
-               .on('redone.validator', validator.validate);   // redo
-               // but not on 'change' (e.g. while drawing)
+                 case 's':
+                   return maxXminY.y;
 
-           // When user chages editing modes:
-           context
-               .on('exit.validator', validator.validate);
+                 case 'n':
+                   return maxXminY.x;
 
-           // When merging fetched data:
-           context.history()
-               .on('merge.validator', function(entities) {
-                   if (!entities) return;
-                   var handle = window.requestIdleCallback(function() {
-                       var entityIDs = entities.map(function(entity) { return entity.id; });
-                       var headGraph = context.graph();
-                       validateEntities(entityIDsToValidate(entityIDs, headGraph), headGraph, _headCache);
+                 case 'e':
+                   return minXmaxY.y;
 
-                       var baseGraph = context.history().base();
-                       validateEntities(entityIDsToValidate(entityIDs, baseGraph), baseGraph, _baseCache);
+                 default:
+                   return token;
+               }
+             });
+           } else if (source.type === 'tms') {
+             result = result.replace('{x}', coord[0]).replace('{y}', coord[1]) // TMS-flipped y coordinate
+             .replace(/\{[t-]y\}/, Math.pow(2, coord[2]) - coord[1] - 1).replace(/\{z(oom)?\}/, coord[2]) // only fetch retina tiles for retina screens
+             .replace(/\{@2x\}|\{r\}/, isRetina ? '@2x' : '');
+           } else if (source.type === 'bing') {
+             result = result.replace('{u}', function () {
+               var u = '';
+
+               for (var zoom = coord[2]; zoom > 0; zoom--) {
+                 var b = 0;
+                 var mask = 1 << zoom - 1;
+                 if ((coord[0] & mask) !== 0) b++;
+                 if ((coord[1] & mask) !== 0) b += 2;
+                 u += b.toString();
+               }
+
+               return u;
+             });
+           } // these apply to any type..
 
-                       dispatch$1.call('validated');
-                   });
-                   _deferred.add(handle);
-               });
 
+           result = result.replace(/\{switch:([^}]+)\}/, function (s, r) {
+             var subdomains = r.split(',');
+             return subdomains[(coord[0] + coord[1]) % subdomains.length];
+           });
+           return result;
+         };
 
-           return validator;
-       }
+         source.validZoom = function (z) {
+           return source.zoomExtent[0] <= z && (source.overzoom || source.zoomExtent[1] > z);
+         };
 
+         source.isLocatorOverlay = function () {
+           return source.id === 'mapbox_locator_overlay';
+         };
+         /* hides a source from the list, but leaves it available for use */
 
-       function validationCache() {
 
-           var cache = {
-               issuesByIssueID: {},  // issue.id -> issue
-               issuesByEntityID: {} // entity.id -> set(issue.id)
-           };
+         source.isHidden = function () {
+           return source.id === 'DigitalGlobe-Premium-vintage' || source.id === 'DigitalGlobe-Standard-vintage';
+         };
 
-           cache.cacheIssues = function(issues) {
-               issues.forEach(function(issue) {
-                   var entityIds = issue.entityIds || [];
-                   entityIds.forEach(function(entityId) {
-                       if (!cache.issuesByEntityID[entityId]) {
-                           cache.issuesByEntityID[entityId] = new Set();
-                       }
-                       cache.issuesByEntityID[entityId].add(issue.id);
-                   });
-                   cache.issuesByIssueID[issue.id] = issue;
-               });
-           };
+         source.copyrightNotices = function () {};
 
-           cache.uncacheIssue = function(issue) {
-               // When multiple entities are involved (e.g. crossing_ways),
-               // remove this issue from the other entity caches too..
-               var entityIds = issue.entityIds || [];
-               entityIds.forEach(function(entityId) {
-                   if (cache.issuesByEntityID[entityId]) {
-                       cache.issuesByEntityID[entityId].delete(issue.id);
-                   }
-               });
-               delete cache.issuesByIssueID[issue.id];
+         source.getMetadata = function (center, tileCoord, callback) {
+           var vintage = {
+             start: localeDateString(source.startDate),
+             end: localeDateString(source.endDate)
            };
-
-           cache.uncacheIssues = function(issues) {
-               issues.forEach(cache.uncacheIssue);
+           vintage.range = vintageRange(vintage);
+           var metadata = {
+             vintage: vintage
            };
+           callback(null, metadata);
+         };
 
-           cache.uncacheIssuesOfType = function(type) {
-               var issuesOfType = Object.values(cache.issuesByIssueID)
-                   .filter(function(issue) { return issue.type === type; });
-               cache.uncacheIssues(issuesOfType);
-           };
+         return source;
+       }
 
-           //
-           // Remove a single entity and all its related issues from the caches
-           //
-           cache.uncacheEntityID = function(entityID) {
-               var issueIDs = cache.issuesByEntityID[entityID];
-               if (!issueIDs) return;
-
-               issueIDs.forEach(function(issueID) {
-                   var issue = cache.issuesByIssueID[issueID];
-                   if (issue) {
-                       cache.uncacheIssue(issue);
-                   } else {
-                       delete cache.issuesByIssueID[issueID];
-                   }
-               });
+       rendererBackgroundSource.Bing = function (data, dispatch) {
+         // https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/bingmaps/rest-services/imagery/get-imagery-metadata
+         // https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/bingmaps/rest-services/directly-accessing-the-bing-maps-tiles
+         //fallback url template
+         data.template = 'https://ecn.t{switch:0,1,2,3}.tiles.virtualearth.net/tiles/a{u}.jpeg?g=10555&n=z';
+         var bing = rendererBackgroundSource(data); //var key = 'Arzdiw4nlOJzRwOz__qailc8NiR31Tt51dN2D7cm57NrnceZnCpgOkmJhNpGoppU'; // P2, JOSM, etc
 
-               delete cache.issuesByEntityID[entityID];
-           };
+         var key = 'Ak5oTE46TUbjRp08OFVcGpkARErDobfpuyNKa-W2mQ8wbt1K1KL8p1bIRwWwcF-Q'; // iD
 
-           return cache;
-       }
+         /*
+         missing tile image strictness param (n=)
+         •   n=f -> (Fail) returns a 404
+         •   n=z -> (Empty) returns a 200 with 0 bytes (no content)
+         •   n=t -> (Transparent) returns a 200 with a transparent (png) tile
+         */
 
-       function coreUploader(context) {
+         var strictParam = 'n';
+         var url = 'https://dev.virtualearth.net/REST/v1/Imagery/Metadata/Aerial?include=ImageryProviders&uriScheme=https&key=' + key;
+         var cache = {};
+         var inflight = {};
+         var providers = [];
+         d3_json(url).then(function (json) {
+           var imageryResource = json.resourceSets[0].resources[0]; //retrieve and prepare up to date imagery template
 
-           var dispatch$1 = dispatch(
-               // Start and end events are dispatched exactly once each per legitimate outside call to `save`
-               'saveStarted', // dispatched as soon as a call to `save` has been deemed legitimate
-               'saveEnded',   // dispatched after the result event has been dispatched
+           var template = imageryResource.imageUrl; //https://ecn.{subdomain}.tiles.virtualearth.net/tiles/a{quadkey}.jpeg?g=10339
 
-               'willAttemptUpload', // dispatched before the actual upload call occurs, if it will
-               'progressChanged',
+           var subDomains = imageryResource.imageUrlSubdomains; //["t0, t1, t2, t3"]
 
-               // Each save results in one of these outcomes:
-               'resultNoChanges', // upload wasn't attempted since there were no edits
-               'resultErrors',    // upload failed due to errors
-               'resultConflicts', // upload failed due to data conflicts
-               'resultSuccess'    // upload completed without errors
-           );
+           var subDomainNumbers = subDomains.map(function (subDomain) {
+             return subDomain.substring(1);
+           }).join(',');
+           template = template.replace('{subdomain}', "t{switch:".concat(subDomainNumbers, "}")).replace('{quadkey}', '{u}');
 
-           var _isSaving = false;
+           if (!new URLSearchParams(template).has(strictParam)) {
+             template += "&".concat(strictParam, "=z");
+           }
 
-           var _conflicts = [];
-           var _errors = [];
-           var _origChanges;
+           bing.template(template);
+           providers = imageryResource.imageryProviders.map(function (provider) {
+             return {
+               attribution: provider.attribution,
+               areas: provider.coverageAreas.map(function (area) {
+                 return {
+                   zoom: [area.zoomMin, area.zoomMax],
+                   extent: geoExtent([area.bbox[1], area.bbox[0]], [area.bbox[3], area.bbox[2]])
+                 };
+               })
+             };
+           });
+           dispatch.call('change');
+         })["catch"](function () {
+           /* ignore */
+         });
 
-           var _discardTags = {};
-           _mainFileFetcher.get('discarded')
-               .then(function(d) { _discardTags = d; })
-               .catch(function() { /* ignore */ });
+         bing.copyrightNotices = function (zoom, extent) {
+           zoom = Math.min(zoom, 21);
+           return providers.filter(function (provider) {
+             return provider.areas.some(function (area) {
+               return extent.intersects(area.extent) && area.zoom[0] <= zoom && area.zoom[1] >= zoom;
+             });
+           }).map(function (provider) {
+             return provider.attribution;
+           }).join(', ');
+         };
 
-           var uploader = utilRebind({}, dispatch$1, 'on');
+         bing.getMetadata = function (center, tileCoord, callback) {
+           var tileID = tileCoord.slice(0, 3).join('/');
+           var zoom = Math.min(tileCoord[2], 21);
+           var centerPoint = center[1] + ',' + center[0]; // lat,lng
 
-           uploader.isSaving = function() {
-               return _isSaving;
-           };
+           var url = 'https://dev.virtualearth.net/REST/v1/Imagery/Metadata/Aerial/' + centerPoint + '?zl=' + zoom + '&key=' + key;
+           if (inflight[tileID]) return;
 
-           uploader.save = function(changeset, tryAgain, checkConflicts) {
-               // Guard against accidentally entering save code twice - #4641
-               if (_isSaving && !tryAgain) {
-                   return;
-               }
+           if (!cache[tileID]) {
+             cache[tileID] = {};
+           }
 
-               var osm = context.connection();
-               if (!osm) return;
+           if (cache[tileID] && cache[tileID].metadata) {
+             return callback(null, cache[tileID].metadata);
+           }
 
-               // If user somehow got logged out mid-save, try to reauthenticate..
-               // This can happen if they were logged in from before, but the tokens are no longer valid.
-               if (!osm.authenticated()) {
-                   osm.authenticate(function(err) {
-                       if (!err) {
-                           uploader.save(changeset, tryAgain, checkConflicts);  // continue where we left off..
-                       }
-                   });
-                   return;
-               }
+           inflight[tileID] = true;
+           d3_json(url).then(function (result) {
+             delete inflight[tileID];
 
-               if (!_isSaving) {
-                   _isSaving = true;
-                   dispatch$1.call('saveStarted', this);
-               }
+             if (!result) {
+               throw new Error('Unknown Error');
+             }
+
+             var vintage = {
+               start: localeDateString(result.resourceSets[0].resources[0].vintageStart),
+               end: localeDateString(result.resourceSets[0].resources[0].vintageEnd)
+             };
+             vintage.range = vintageRange(vintage);
+             var metadata = {
+               vintage: vintage
+             };
+             cache[tileID].metadata = metadata;
+             if (callback) callback(null, metadata);
+           })["catch"](function (err) {
+             delete inflight[tileID];
+             if (callback) callback(err.message);
+           });
+         };
 
-               var history = context.history();
+         bing.terms_url = 'https://blog.openstreetmap.org/2010/11/30/microsoft-imagery-details';
+         return bing;
+       };
 
-               _conflicts = [];
-               _errors = [];
+       rendererBackgroundSource.Esri = function (data) {
+         // in addition to using the tilemap at zoom level 20, overzoom real tiles - #4327 (deprecated technique, but it works)
+         if (data.template.match(/blankTile/) === null) {
+           data.template = data.template + '?blankTile=false';
+         }
 
-               // Store original changes, in case user wants to download them as an .osc file
-               _origChanges = history.changes(actionDiscardTags(history.difference(), _discardTags));
+         var esri = rendererBackgroundSource(data);
+         var cache = {};
+         var inflight = {};
 
-               // First time, `history.perform` a no-op action.
-               // Any conflict resolutions will be done as `history.replace`
-               // Remember to pop this later if needed
-               if (!tryAgain) {
-                   history.perform(actionNoop());
-               }
+         var _prevCenter; // use a tilemap service to set maximum zoom for esri tiles dynamically
+         // https://developers.arcgis.com/documentation/tiled-elevation-service/
 
-               // Attempt a fast upload.. If there are conflicts, re-enter with `checkConflicts = true`
-               if (!checkConflicts) {
-                   upload(changeset);
 
-               // Do the full (slow) conflict check..
-               } else {
-                   performFullConflictCheck(changeset);
-               }
+         esri.fetchTilemap = function (center) {
+           // skip if we have already fetched a tilemap within 5km
+           if (_prevCenter && geoSphericalDistance(center, _prevCenter) < 5000) return;
+           _prevCenter = center; // tiles are available globally to zoom level 19, afterward they may or may not be present
 
-           };
+           var z = 20; // first generate a random url using the template
 
+           var dummyUrl = esri.url([1, 2, 3]); // calculate url z/y/x from the lat/long of the center of the map
 
-           function performFullConflictCheck(changeset) {
+           var x = Math.floor((center[0] + 180) / 360 * Math.pow(2, z));
+           var y = Math.floor((1 - Math.log(Math.tan(center[1] * Math.PI / 180) + 1 / Math.cos(center[1] * Math.PI / 180)) / Math.PI) / 2 * Math.pow(2, z)); // fetch an 8x8 grid to leverage cache
 
-               var osm = context.connection();
-               if (!osm) return;
+           var tilemapUrl = dummyUrl.replace(/tile\/[0-9]+\/[0-9]+\/[0-9]+\?blankTile=false/, 'tilemap') + '/' + z + '/' + y + '/' + x + '/8/8'; // make the request and introspect the response from the tilemap server
 
-               var history = context.history();
+           d3_json(tilemapUrl).then(function (tilemap) {
+             if (!tilemap) {
+               throw new Error('Unknown Error');
+             }
 
-               var localGraph = context.graph();
-               var remoteGraph = coreGraph(history.base(), true);
+             var hasTiles = true;
 
-               var summary = history.difference().summary();
-               var _toCheck = [];
-               for (var i = 0; i < summary.length; i++) {
-                   var item = summary[i];
-                   if (item.changeType === 'modified') {
-                       _toCheck.push(item.entity.id);
-                   }
+             for (var i = 0; i < tilemap.data.length; i++) {
+               // 0 means an individual tile in the grid doesn't exist
+               if (!tilemap.data[i]) {
+                 hasTiles = false;
+                 break;
                }
+             } // if any tiles are missing at level 20 we restrict maxZoom to 19
 
-               var _toLoad = withChildNodes(_toCheck, localGraph);
-               var _loaded = {};
-               var _toLoadCount = 0;
-               var _toLoadTotal = _toLoad.length;
 
-               if (_toCheck.length) {
-                   dispatch$1.call('progressChanged', this, _toLoadCount, _toLoadTotal);
-                   _toLoad.forEach(function(id) { _loaded[id] = false; });
-                   osm.loadMultiple(_toLoad, loaded);
-               } else {
-                   upload(changeset);
-               }
+             esri.zoomExtent[1] = hasTiles ? 22 : 19;
+           })["catch"](function () {
+             /* ignore */
+           });
+         };
 
-               return;
+         esri.getMetadata = function (center, tileCoord, callback) {
+           var tileID = tileCoord.slice(0, 3).join('/');
+           var zoom = Math.min(tileCoord[2], esri.zoomExtent[1]);
+           var centerPoint = center[0] + ',' + center[1]; // long, lat (as it should be)
 
-               function withChildNodes(ids, graph) {
-                   var s = new Set(ids);
-                   ids.forEach(function(id) {
-                       var entity = graph.entity(id);
-                       if (entity.type !== 'way') return;
+           var unknown = _t('info_panels.background.unknown');
+           var metadataLayer;
+           var vintage = {};
+           var metadata = {};
+           if (inflight[tileID]) return;
 
-                       graph.childNodes(entity).forEach(function(child) {
-                           if (child.version !== undefined) {
-                               s.add(child.id);
-                           }
-                       });
-                   });
+           switch (true) {
+             case zoom >= 20 && esri.id === 'EsriWorldImageryClarity':
+               metadataLayer = 4;
+               break;
 
-                   return Array.from(s);
-               }
+             case zoom >= 19:
+               metadataLayer = 3;
+               break;
 
+             case zoom >= 17:
+               metadataLayer = 2;
+               break;
 
-               // Reload modified entities into an alternate graph and check for conflicts..
-               function loaded(err, result) {
-                   if (_errors.length) return;
+             case zoom >= 13:
+               metadataLayer = 0;
+               break;
 
-                   if (err) {
-                       _errors.push({
-                           msg: err.message || err.responseText,
-                           details: [ _t('save.status_code', { code: err.status }) ]
-                       });
-                       didResultInErrors();
+             default:
+               metadataLayer = 99;
+           }
 
-                   } else {
-                       var loadMore = [];
-
-                       result.data.forEach(function(entity) {
-                           remoteGraph.replace(entity);
-                           _loaded[entity.id] = true;
-                           _toLoad = _toLoad.filter(function(val) { return val !== entity.id; });
-
-                           if (!entity.visible) return;
-
-                           // Because loadMultiple doesn't download /full like loadEntity,
-                           // need to also load children that aren't already being checked..
-                           var i, id;
-                           if (entity.type === 'way') {
-                               for (i = 0; i < entity.nodes.length; i++) {
-                                   id = entity.nodes[i];
-                                   if (_loaded[id] === undefined) {
-                                       _loaded[id] = false;
-                                       loadMore.push(id);
-                                   }
-                               }
-                           } else if (entity.type === 'relation' && entity.isMultipolygon()) {
-                               for (i = 0; i < entity.members.length; i++) {
-                                   id = entity.members[i].id;
-                                   if (_loaded[id] === undefined) {
-                                       _loaded[id] = false;
-                                       loadMore.push(id);
-                                   }
-                               }
-                           }
-                       });
+           var url; // build up query using the layer appropriate to the current zoom
 
-                       _toLoadCount += result.data.length;
-                       _toLoadTotal += loadMore.length;
-                       dispatch$1.call('progressChanged', this, _toLoadCount, _toLoadTotal);
+           if (esri.id === 'EsriWorldImagery') {
+             url = 'https://services.arcgisonline.com/arcgis/rest/services/World_Imagery/MapServer/';
+           } else if (esri.id === 'EsriWorldImageryClarity') {
+             url = 'https://serviceslab.arcgisonline.com/arcgis/rest/services/Clarity_World_Imagery/MapServer/';
+           }
 
-                       if (loadMore.length) {
-                           _toLoad.push.apply(_toLoad, loadMore);
-                           osm.loadMultiple(loadMore, loaded);
-                       }
+           url += metadataLayer + '/query?returnGeometry=false&geometry=' + centerPoint + '&inSR=4326&geometryType=esriGeometryPoint&outFields=*&f=json';
 
-                       if (!_toLoad.length) {
-                           detectConflicts();
-                           upload(changeset);
-                       }
-                   }
+           if (!cache[tileID]) {
+             cache[tileID] = {};
+           }
+
+           if (cache[tileID] && cache[tileID].metadata) {
+             return callback(null, cache[tileID].metadata);
+           } // accurate metadata is only available >= 13
+
+
+           if (metadataLayer === 99) {
+             vintage = {
+               start: null,
+               end: null,
+               range: null
+             };
+             metadata = {
+               vintage: null,
+               source: unknown,
+               description: unknown,
+               resolution: unknown,
+               accuracy: unknown
+             };
+             callback(null, metadata);
+           } else {
+             inflight[tileID] = true;
+             d3_json(url).then(function (result) {
+               delete inflight[tileID];
+
+               if (!result) {
+                 throw new Error('Unknown Error');
+               } else if (result.features && result.features.length < 1) {
+                 throw new Error('No Results');
+               } else if (result.error && result.error.message) {
+                 throw new Error(result.error.message);
+               } // pass through the discrete capture date from metadata
+
+
+               var captureDate = localeDateString(result.features[0].attributes.SRC_DATE2);
+               vintage = {
+                 start: captureDate,
+                 end: captureDate,
+                 range: captureDate
+               };
+               metadata = {
+                 vintage: vintage,
+                 source: clean(result.features[0].attributes.NICE_NAME),
+                 description: clean(result.features[0].attributes.NICE_DESC),
+                 resolution: clean(+parseFloat(result.features[0].attributes.SRC_RES).toFixed(4)),
+                 accuracy: clean(+parseFloat(result.features[0].attributes.SRC_ACC).toFixed(4))
+               }; // append units - meters
+
+               if (isFinite(metadata.resolution)) {
+                 metadata.resolution += ' m';
                }
 
+               if (isFinite(metadata.accuracy)) {
+                 metadata.accuracy += ' m';
+               }
 
-               function detectConflicts() {
-                   function choice(id, text, action) {
-                       return {
-                           id: id,
-                           text: text,
-                           action: function() {
-                               history.replace(action);
-                           }
-                       };
-                   }
-                   function formatUser(d) {
-                       return '<a href="' + osm.userURL(d) + '" target="_blank">' + d + '</a>';
-                   }
-                   function entityName(entity) {
-                       return utilDisplayName(entity) || (utilDisplayType(entity.id) + ' ' + entity.id);
-                   }
+               cache[tileID].metadata = metadata;
+               if (callback) callback(null, metadata);
+             })["catch"](function (err) {
+               delete inflight[tileID];
+               if (callback) callback(err.message);
+             });
+           }
 
-                   function sameVersions(local, remote) {
-                       if (local.version !== remote.version) return false;
+           function clean(val) {
+             return String(val).trim() || unknown;
+           }
+         };
 
-                       if (local.type === 'way') {
-                           var children = utilArrayUnion(local.nodes, remote.nodes);
-                           for (var i = 0; i < children.length; i++) {
-                               var a = localGraph.hasEntity(children[i]);
-                               var b = remoteGraph.hasEntity(children[i]);
-                               if (a && b && a.version !== b.version) return false;
-                           }
-                       }
+         return esri;
+       };
 
-                       return true;
-                   }
+       rendererBackgroundSource.None = function () {
+         var source = rendererBackgroundSource({
+           id: 'none',
+           template: ''
+         });
 
-                   _toCheck.forEach(function(id) {
-                       var local = localGraph.entity(id);
-                       var remote = remoteGraph.entity(id);
+         source.name = function () {
+           return _t('background.none');
+         };
 
-                       if (sameVersions(local, remote)) return;
+         source.label = function () {
+           return _t.html('background.none');
+         };
 
-                       var merge = actionMergeRemoteChanges(id, localGraph, remoteGraph, _discardTags, formatUser);
+         source.imageryUsed = function () {
+           return null;
+         };
 
-                       history.replace(merge);
+         source.area = function () {
+           return -1; // sources in background pane are sorted by area
+         };
 
-                       var mergeConflicts = merge.conflicts();
-                       if (!mergeConflicts.length) return;  // merged safely
+         return source;
+       };
 
-                       var forceLocal = actionMergeRemoteChanges(id, localGraph, remoteGraph, _discardTags).withOption('force_local');
-                       var forceRemote = actionMergeRemoteChanges(id, localGraph, remoteGraph, _discardTags).withOption('force_remote');
-                       var keepMine = _t('save.conflict.' + (remote.visible ? 'keep_local' : 'restore'));
-                       var keepTheirs = _t('save.conflict.' + (remote.visible ? 'keep_remote' : 'delete'));
+       rendererBackgroundSource.Custom = function (template) {
+         var source = rendererBackgroundSource({
+           id: 'custom',
+           template: template
+         });
 
-                       _conflicts.push({
-                           id: id,
-                           name: entityName(local),
-                           details: mergeConflicts,
-                           chosen: 1,
-                           choices: [
-                               choice(id, keepMine, forceLocal),
-                               choice(id, keepTheirs, forceRemote)
-                           ]
-                       });
-                   });
-               }
-           }
+         source.name = function () {
+           return _t('background.custom');
+         };
 
+         source.label = function () {
+           return _t.html('background.custom');
+         };
+
+         source.imageryUsed = function () {
+           // sanitize personal connection tokens - #6801
+           var cleaned = source.template(); // from query string parameters
 
-           function upload(changeset) {
-               var osm = context.connection();
-               if (!osm) {
-                   _errors.push({ msg: 'No OSM Service' });
+           if (cleaned.indexOf('?') !== -1) {
+             var parts = cleaned.split('?', 2);
+             var qs = utilStringQs(parts[1]);
+             ['access_token', 'connectId', 'token'].forEach(function (param) {
+               if (qs[param]) {
+                 qs[param] = '{apikey}';
                }
+             });
+             cleaned = parts[0] + '?' + utilQsString(qs, true); // true = soft encode
+           } // from wms/wmts api path parameters
 
-               if (_conflicts.length) {
-                   didResultInConflicts(changeset);
 
-               } else if (_errors.length) {
-                   didResultInErrors();
+           cleaned = cleaned.replace(/token\/(\w+)/, 'token/{apikey}');
+           return 'Custom (' + cleaned + ' )';
+         };
 
-               } else {
-                   var history = context.history();
-                   var changes = history.changes(actionDiscardTags(history.difference(), _discardTags));
-                   if (changes.modified.length || changes.created.length || changes.deleted.length) {
+         source.area = function () {
+           return -2; // sources in background pane are sorted by area
+         };
 
-                       dispatch$1.call('willAttemptUpload', this);
+         return source;
+       };
 
-                       osm.putChangeset(changeset, changes, uploadCallback);
+       function rendererTileLayer(context) {
+         var transformProp = utilPrefixCSSProperty('Transform');
+         var tiler = utilTiler();
+         var _tileSize = 256;
 
-                   } else {
-                       // changes were insignificant or reverted by user
-                       didResultInNoChanges();
-                   }
-               }
-           }
+         var _projection;
 
+         var _cache = {};
 
-           function uploadCallback(err, changeset) {
-               if (err) {
-                   if (err.status === 409) {  // 409 Conflict
-                       uploader.save(changeset, true, true);  // tryAgain = true, checkConflicts = true
-                   } else {
-                       _errors.push({
-                           msg: err.message || err.responseText,
-                           details: [ _t('save.status_code', { code: err.status }) ]
-                       });
-                       didResultInErrors();
-                   }
+         var _tileOrigin;
 
-               } else {
-                   didResultInSuccess(changeset);
-               }
-           }
+         var _zoom;
 
-           function didResultInNoChanges() {
+         var _source;
 
-               dispatch$1.call('resultNoChanges', this);
+         function tileSizeAtZoom(d, z) {
+           var EPSILON = 0.002; // close seams
 
-               endSave();
+           return _tileSize * Math.pow(2, z - d[2]) / _tileSize + EPSILON;
+         }
 
-               context.flush(); // reset iD
-           }
+         function atZoom(t, distance) {
+           var power = Math.pow(2, distance);
+           return [Math.floor(t[0] * power), Math.floor(t[1] * power), t[2] + distance];
+         }
 
-           function didResultInErrors() {
+         function lookUp(d) {
+           for (var up = -1; up > -d[2]; up--) {
+             var tile = atZoom(d, up);
 
-               context.history().pop();
+             if (_cache[_source.url(tile)] !== false) {
+               return tile;
+             }
+           }
+         }
 
-               dispatch$1.call('resultErrors', this, _errors);
+         function uniqueBy(a, n) {
+           var o = [];
+           var seen = {};
 
-               endSave();
+           for (var i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
+             if (seen[a[i][n]] === undefined) {
+               o.push(a[i]);
+               seen[a[i][n]] = true;
+             }
            }
 
+           return o;
+         }
 
-           function didResultInConflicts(changeset) {
+         function addSource(d) {
+           d.push(_source.url(d));
+           return d;
+         } // Update tiles based on current state of `projection`.
 
-               _conflicts.sort(function(a, b) { return b.id.localeCompare(a.id); });
 
-               dispatch$1.call('resultConflicts', this, changeset, _conflicts, _origChanges);
+         function background(selection) {
+           _zoom = geoScaleToZoom(_projection.scale(), _tileSize);
+           var pixelOffset;
 
-               endSave();
+           if (_source) {
+             pixelOffset = [_source.offset()[0] * Math.pow(2, _zoom), _source.offset()[1] * Math.pow(2, _zoom)];
+           } else {
+             pixelOffset = [0, 0];
            }
 
+           var translate = [_projection.translate()[0] + pixelOffset[0], _projection.translate()[1] + pixelOffset[1]];
+           tiler.scale(_projection.scale() * 2 * Math.PI).translate(translate);
+           _tileOrigin = [_projection.scale() * Math.PI - translate[0], _projection.scale() * Math.PI - translate[1]];
+           render(selection);
+         } // Derive the tiles onscreen, remove those offscreen and position them.
+         // Important that this part not depend on `_projection` because it's
+         // rentered when tiles load/error (see #644).
 
-           function didResultInSuccess(changeset) {
 
-               // delete the edit stack cached to local storage
-               context.history().clearSaved();
+         function render(selection) {
+           if (!_source) return;
+           var requests = [];
+           var showDebug = context.getDebug('tile') && !_source.overlay;
 
-               dispatch$1.call('resultSuccess', this, changeset);
+           if (_source.validZoom(_zoom)) {
+             tiler.skipNullIsland(!!_source.overlay);
+             tiler().forEach(function (d) {
+               addSource(d);
+               if (d[3] === '') return;
+               if (typeof d[3] !== 'string') return; // Workaround for #2295
 
-               // Add delay to allow for postgres replication #1646 #2678
-               window.setTimeout(function() {
+               requests.push(d);
 
-                   endSave();
+               if (_cache[d[3]] === false && lookUp(d)) {
+                 requests.push(addSource(lookUp(d)));
+               }
+             });
+             requests = uniqueBy(requests, 3).filter(function (r) {
+               // don't re-request tiles which have failed in the past
+               return _cache[r[3]] !== false;
+             });
+           }
 
-                   context.flush(); // reset iD
-               }, 2500);
+           function load(d3_event, d) {
+             _cache[d[3]] = true;
+             select(this).on('error', null).on('load', null).classed('tile-loaded', true);
+             render(selection);
            }
 
+           function error(d3_event, d) {
+             _cache[d[3]] = false;
+             select(this).on('error', null).on('load', null).remove();
+             render(selection);
+           }
 
-           function endSave() {
-               _isSaving = false;
+           function imageTransform(d) {
+             var ts = _tileSize * Math.pow(2, _zoom - d[2]);
 
-               dispatch$1.call('saveEnded', this);
+             var scale = tileSizeAtZoom(d, _zoom);
+             return 'translate(' + (d[0] * ts - _tileOrigin[0]) + 'px,' + (d[1] * ts - _tileOrigin[1]) + 'px) ' + 'scale(' + scale + ',' + scale + ')';
            }
 
+           function tileCenter(d) {
+             var ts = _tileSize * Math.pow(2, _zoom - d[2]);
 
-           uploader.cancelConflictResolution = function() {
-               context.history().pop();
-           };
+             return [d[0] * ts - _tileOrigin[0] + ts / 2, d[1] * ts - _tileOrigin[1] + ts / 2];
+           }
 
+           function debugTransform(d) {
+             var coord = tileCenter(d);
+             return 'translate(' + coord[0] + 'px,' + coord[1] + 'px)';
+           } // Pick a representative tile near the center of the viewport
+           // (This is useful for sampling the imagery vintage)
 
-           uploader.processResolvedConflicts = function(changeset) {
-               var history = context.history();
 
-               for (var i = 0; i < _conflicts.length; i++) {
-                   if (_conflicts[i].chosen === 1) {  // user chose "use theirs"
-                       var entity = context.hasEntity(_conflicts[i].id);
-                       if (entity && entity.type === 'way') {
-                           var children = utilArrayUniq(entity.nodes);
-                           for (var j = 0; j < children.length; j++) {
-                               history.replace(actionRevert(children[j]));
-                           }
-                       }
-                       history.replace(actionRevert(_conflicts[i].id));
-                   }
-               }
+           var dims = tiler.size();
+           var mapCenter = [dims[0] / 2, dims[1] / 2];
+           var minDist = Math.max(dims[0], dims[1]);
+           var nearCenter;
+           requests.forEach(function (d) {
+             var c = tileCenter(d);
+             var dist = geoVecLength(c, mapCenter);
 
-               uploader.save(changeset, true, false);  // tryAgain = true, checkConflicts = false
-           };
+             if (dist < minDist) {
+               minDist = dist;
+               nearCenter = d;
+             }
+           });
+           var image = selection.selectAll('img').data(requests, function (d) {
+             return d[3];
+           });
+           image.exit().style(transformProp, imageTransform).classed('tile-removing', true).classed('tile-center', false).each(function () {
+             var tile = select(this);
+             window.setTimeout(function () {
+               if (tile.classed('tile-removing')) {
+                 tile.remove();
+               }
+             }, 300);
+           });
+           image.enter().append('img').attr('class', 'tile').attr('draggable', 'false').style('width', _tileSize + 'px').style('height', _tileSize + 'px').attr('src', function (d) {
+             return d[3];
+           }).on('error', error).on('load', load).merge(image).style(transformProp, imageTransform).classed('tile-debug', showDebug).classed('tile-removing', false).classed('tile-center', function (d) {
+             return d === nearCenter;
+           });
+           var debug = selection.selectAll('.tile-label-debug').data(showDebug ? requests : [], function (d) {
+             return d[3];
+           });
+           debug.exit().remove();
+
+           if (showDebug) {
+             var debugEnter = debug.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'tile-label-debug');
+             debugEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'tile-label-debug-coord');
+             debugEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'tile-label-debug-vintage');
+             debug = debug.merge(debugEnter);
+             debug.style(transformProp, debugTransform);
+             debug.selectAll('.tile-label-debug-coord').html(function (d) {
+               return d[2] + ' / ' + d[0] + ' / ' + d[1];
+             });
+             debug.selectAll('.tile-label-debug-vintage').each(function (d) {
+               var span = select(this);
+               var center = context.projection.invert(tileCenter(d));
 
+               _source.getMetadata(center, d, function (err, result) {
+                 span.html(result && result.vintage && result.vintage.range || _t('info_panels.background.vintage') + ': ' + _t('info_panels.background.unknown'));
+               });
+             });
+           }
+         }
 
-           uploader.reset = function() {
+         background.projection = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _projection;
+           _projection = val;
+           return background;
+         };
 
-           };
+         background.dimensions = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return tiler.size();
+           tiler.size(val);
+           return background;
+         };
 
+         background.source = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _source;
+           _source = val;
+           _tileSize = _source.tileSize;
+           _cache = {};
+           tiler.tileSize(_source.tileSize).zoomExtent(_source.zoomExtent);
+           return background;
+         };
 
-           return uploader;
+         return background;
        }
 
-       var isRetina = window.devicePixelRatio && window.devicePixelRatio >= 2;
+       var _imageryIndex = null;
+       function rendererBackground(context) {
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('change');
+         var detected = utilDetect();
+         var baseLayer = rendererTileLayer(context).projection(context.projection);
+         var _isValid = true;
+         var _overlayLayers = [];
+         var _brightness = 1;
+         var _contrast = 1;
+         var _saturation = 1;
+         var _sharpness = 1;
 
-       // listen for DPI change, e.g. when dragging a browser window from a retina to non-retina screen
-       window.matchMedia(`
-        (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2), /* Safari */
-        (min-resolution: 2dppx),             /* standard */
-        (min-resolution: 192dpi)             /* fallback */
-    `).addListener(function() {
+         function ensureImageryIndex() {
+           return _mainFileFetcher.get('imagery').then(function (sources) {
+             if (_imageryIndex) return _imageryIndex;
+             _imageryIndex = {
+               imagery: sources,
+               features: {}
+             }; // use which-polygon to support efficient index and querying for imagery
+
+             var features = sources.map(function (source) {
+               if (!source.polygon) return null; // workaround for editor-layer-index weirdness..
+               // Add an extra array nest to each element in `source.polygon`
+               // so the rings are not treated as a bunch of holes:
+               // what we have: [ [[outer],[hole],[hole]] ]
+               // what we want: [ [[outer]],[[outer]],[[outer]] ]
+
+               var rings = source.polygon.map(function (ring) {
+                 return [ring];
+               });
+               var feature = {
+                 type: 'Feature',
+                 properties: {
+                   id: source.id
+                 },
+                 geometry: {
+                   type: 'MultiPolygon',
+                   coordinates: rings
+                 }
+               };
+               _imageryIndex.features[source.id] = feature;
+               return feature;
+             }).filter(Boolean);
+             _imageryIndex.query = whichPolygon_1({
+               type: 'FeatureCollection',
+               features: features
+             }); // Instantiate `rendererBackgroundSource` objects for each source
+
+             _imageryIndex.backgrounds = sources.map(function (source) {
+               if (source.type === 'bing') {
+                 return rendererBackgroundSource.Bing(source, dispatch);
+               } else if (/^EsriWorldImagery/.test(source.id)) {
+                 return rendererBackgroundSource.Esri(source);
+               } else {
+                 return rendererBackgroundSource(source);
+               }
+             }); // Add 'None'
 
-           isRetina = window.devicePixelRatio && window.devicePixelRatio >= 2;
-       });
+             _imageryIndex.backgrounds.unshift(rendererBackgroundSource.None()); // Add 'Custom'
 
 
-       function localeDateString(s) {
-           if (!s) return null;
-           var options = { day: 'numeric', month: 'short', year: 'numeric' };
-           var d = new Date(s);
-           if (isNaN(d.getTime())) return null;
-           return d.toLocaleDateString(_mainLocalizer.localeCode(), options);
-       }
+             var template = corePreferences('background-custom-template') || '';
+             var custom = rendererBackgroundSource.Custom(template);
 
-       function vintageRange(vintage) {
-           var s;
-           if (vintage.start || vintage.end) {
-               s = (vintage.start || '?');
-               if (vintage.start !== vintage.end) {
-                   s += ' - ' + (vintage.end || '?');
-               }
-           }
-           return s;
-       }
+             _imageryIndex.backgrounds.unshift(custom);
 
+             return _imageryIndex;
+           });
+         }
 
-       function rendererBackgroundSource(data) {
-           var source = Object.assign({}, data);   // shallow copy
-           var _offset = [0, 0];
-           var _name = source.name;
-           var _description = source.description;
-           var _best = !!source.best;
-           var _template = source.encrypted ? utilAesDecrypt(source.template) : source.template;
-
-           source.tileSize = data.tileSize || 256;
-           source.zoomExtent = data.zoomExtent || [0, 22];
-           source.overzoom = data.overzoom !== false;
-
-           source.offset = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _offset;
-               _offset = val;
-               return source;
-           };
+         function background(selection) {
+           var currSource = baseLayer.source(); // If we are displaying an Esri basemap at high zoom,
+           // check its tilemap to see how high the zoom can go
 
+           if (context.map().zoom() > 18) {
+             if (currSource && /^EsriWorldImagery/.test(currSource.id)) {
+               var center = context.map().center();
+               currSource.fetchTilemap(center);
+             }
+           } // Is the imagery valid here? - #4827
 
-           source.nudge = function(val, zoomlevel) {
-               _offset[0] += val[0] / Math.pow(2, zoomlevel);
-               _offset[1] += val[1] / Math.pow(2, zoomlevel);
-               return source;
-           };
 
+           var sources = background.sources(context.map().extent());
+           var wasValid = _isValid;
+           _isValid = !!sources.filter(function (d) {
+             return d === currSource;
+           }).length;
 
-           source.name = function() {
-               var id_safe = source.id.replace(/\./g, '<TX_DOT>');
-               return _t('imagery.' + id_safe + '.name', { default: _name });
-           };
+           if (wasValid !== _isValid) {
+             // change in valid status
+             background.updateImagery();
+           }
 
+           var baseFilter = '';
 
-           source.description = function() {
-               var id_safe = source.id.replace(/\./g, '<TX_DOT>');
-               return _t('imagery.' + id_safe + '.description', { default: _description });
-           };
+           if (detected.cssfilters) {
+             if (_brightness !== 1) {
+               baseFilter += " brightness(".concat(_brightness, ")");
+             }
 
+             if (_contrast !== 1) {
+               baseFilter += " contrast(".concat(_contrast, ")");
+             }
 
-           source.best = function() {
-               return _best;
-           };
+             if (_saturation !== 1) {
+               baseFilter += " saturate(".concat(_saturation, ")");
+             }
 
+             if (_sharpness < 1) {
+               // gaussian blur
+               var blur = d3_interpolateNumber(0.5, 5)(1 - _sharpness);
+               baseFilter += " blur(".concat(blur, "px)");
+             }
+           }
 
-           source.area = function() {
-               if (!data.polygon) return Number.MAX_VALUE;  // worldwide
-               var area = d3_geoArea({ type: 'MultiPolygon', coordinates: [ data.polygon ] });
-               return isNaN(area) ? 0 : area;
-           };
+           var base = selection.selectAll('.layer-background').data([0]);
+           base = base.enter().insert('div', '.layer-data').attr('class', 'layer layer-background').merge(base);
 
+           if (detected.cssfilters) {
+             base.style('filter', baseFilter || null);
+           } else {
+             base.style('opacity', _brightness);
+           }
 
-           source.imageryUsed = function() {
-               return name || source.id;
-           };
+           var imagery = base.selectAll('.layer-imagery').data([0]);
+           imagery.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'layer layer-imagery').merge(imagery).call(baseLayer);
+           var maskFilter = '';
+           var mixBlendMode = '';
 
+           if (detected.cssfilters && _sharpness > 1) {
+             // apply unsharp mask
+             mixBlendMode = 'overlay';
+             maskFilter = 'saturate(0) blur(3px) invert(1)';
+             var contrast = _sharpness - 1;
+             maskFilter += " contrast(".concat(contrast, ")");
+             var brightness = d3_interpolateNumber(1, 0.85)(_sharpness - 1);
+             maskFilter += " brightness(".concat(brightness, ")");
+           }
 
-           source.template = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _template;
-               if (source.id === 'custom') {
-                   _template = val;
-               }
-               return source;
-           };
+           var mask = base.selectAll('.layer-unsharp-mask').data(detected.cssfilters && _sharpness > 1 ? [0] : []);
+           mask.exit().remove();
+           mask.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'layer layer-mask layer-unsharp-mask').merge(mask).call(baseLayer).style('filter', maskFilter || null).style('mix-blend-mode', mixBlendMode || null);
+           var overlays = selection.selectAll('.layer-overlay').data(_overlayLayers, function (d) {
+             return d.source().name();
+           });
+           overlays.exit().remove();
+           overlays.enter().insert('div', '.layer-data').attr('class', 'layer layer-overlay').merge(overlays).each(function (layer, i, nodes) {
+             return select(nodes[i]).call(layer);
+           });
+         }
 
+         background.updateImagery = function () {
+           var currSource = baseLayer.source();
+           if (context.inIntro() || !currSource) return;
 
-           source.url = function(coord) {
-               var result = _template;
-               if (result === '') return result;   // source 'none'
+           var o = _overlayLayers.filter(function (d) {
+             return !d.source().isLocatorOverlay() && !d.source().isHidden();
+           }).map(function (d) {
+             return d.source().id;
+           }).join(',');
 
+           var meters = geoOffsetToMeters(currSource.offset());
+           var EPSILON = 0.01;
+           var x = +meters[0].toFixed(2);
+           var y = +meters[1].toFixed(2);
+           var hash = utilStringQs(window.location.hash);
+           var id = currSource.id;
 
-               // Guess a type based on the tokens present in the template
-               // (This is for 'custom' source, where we don't know)
-               if (!source.type) {
-                   if (/\{(proj|wkid|bbox)\}/.test(_template)) {
-                       source.type = 'wms';
-                       source.projection = 'EPSG:3857';  // guess
-                   } else if (/\{(x|y)\}/.test(_template)) {
-                       source.type = 'tms';
-                   } else if (/\{u\}/.test(_template)) {
-                       source.type = 'bing';
-                   }
-               }
+           if (id === 'custom') {
+             id = "custom:".concat(currSource.template());
+           }
 
+           if (id) {
+             hash.background = id;
+           } else {
+             delete hash.background;
+           }
 
-               if (source.type === 'wms') {
-                   var tileToProjectedCoords = (function(x, y, z) {
-                       //polyfill for IE11, PhantomJS
-                       var sinh = Math.sinh || function(x) {
-                           var y = Math.exp(x);
-                           return (y - 1 / y) / 2;
-                       };
+           if (o) {
+             hash.overlays = o;
+           } else {
+             delete hash.overlays;
+           }
 
-                       var zoomSize = Math.pow(2, z);
-                       var lon = x / zoomSize * Math.PI * 2 - Math.PI;
-                       var lat = Math.atan(sinh(Math.PI * (1 - 2 * y / zoomSize)));
-
-                       switch (source.projection) {
-                           case 'EPSG:4326':
-                               return {
-                                   x: lon * 180 / Math.PI,
-                                   y: lat * 180 / Math.PI
-                               };
-                           default: // EPSG:3857 and synonyms
-                               var mercCoords = mercatorRaw(lon, lat);
-                               return {
-                                   x: 20037508.34 / Math.PI * mercCoords[0],
-                                   y: 20037508.34 / Math.PI * mercCoords[1]
-                               };
-                       }
-                   });
+           if (Math.abs(x) > EPSILON || Math.abs(y) > EPSILON) {
+             hash.offset = "".concat(x, ",").concat(y);
+           } else {
+             delete hash.offset;
+           }
 
-                   var tileSize = source.tileSize;
-                   var projection = source.projection;
-                   var minXmaxY = tileToProjectedCoords(coord[0], coord[1], coord[2]);
-                   var maxXminY = tileToProjectedCoords(coord[0]+1, coord[1]+1, coord[2]);
-
-                   result = result.replace(/\{(\w+)\}/g, function (token, key) {
-                     switch (key) {
-                       case 'width':
-                       case 'height':
-                         return tileSize;
-                       case 'proj':
-                         return projection;
-                       case 'wkid':
-                         return projection.replace(/^EPSG:/, '');
-                       case 'bbox':
-                         return minXmaxY.x + ',' + maxXminY.y + ',' + maxXminY.x + ',' + minXmaxY.y;
-                       case 'w':
-                         return minXmaxY.x;
-                       case 's':
-                         return maxXminY.y;
-                       case 'n':
-                         return maxXminY.x;
-                       case 'e':
-                         return minXmaxY.y;
-                       default:
-                         return token;
-                     }
-                   });
+           if (!window.mocha) {
+             window.location.replace('#' + utilQsString(hash, true));
+           }
 
-               } else if (source.type === 'tms') {
-                   result = result
-                       .replace('{x}', coord[0])
-                       .replace('{y}', coord[1])
-                       // TMS-flipped y coordinate
-                       .replace(/\{[t-]y\}/, Math.pow(2, coord[2]) - coord[1] - 1)
-                       .replace(/\{z(oom)?\}/, coord[2])
-                       // only fetch retina tiles for retina screens
-                       .replace(/\{@2x\}|\{r\}/, isRetina ? '@2x' : '');
-
-               } else if (source.type === 'bing') {
-                   result = result
-                       .replace('{u}', function() {
-                           var u = '';
-                           for (var zoom = coord[2]; zoom > 0; zoom--) {
-                               var b = 0;
-                               var mask = 1 << (zoom - 1);
-                               if ((coord[0] & mask) !== 0) b++;
-                               if ((coord[1] & mask) !== 0) b += 2;
-                               u += b.toString();
-                           }
-                           return u;
-                       });
-               }
+           var imageryUsed = [];
+           var photoOverlaysUsed = [];
+           var currUsed = currSource.imageryUsed();
 
-               // these apply to any type..
-               result = result.replace(/\{switch:([^}]+)\}/, function(s, r) {
-                   var subdomains = r.split(',');
-                   return subdomains[(coord[0] + coord[1]) % subdomains.length];
-               });
+           if (currUsed && _isValid) {
+             imageryUsed.push(currUsed);
+           }
 
+           _overlayLayers.filter(function (d) {
+             return !d.source().isLocatorOverlay() && !d.source().isHidden();
+           }).forEach(function (d) {
+             return imageryUsed.push(d.source().imageryUsed());
+           });
 
-               return result;
-           };
+           var dataLayer = context.layers().layer('data');
 
+           if (dataLayer && dataLayer.enabled() && dataLayer.hasData()) {
+             imageryUsed.push(dataLayer.getSrc());
+           }
 
-           source.validZoom = function(z) {
-               return source.zoomExtent[0] <= z &&
-                   (source.overzoom || source.zoomExtent[1] > z);
+           var photoOverlayLayers = {
+             streetside: 'Bing Streetside',
+             mapillary: 'Mapillary Images',
+             'mapillary-map-features': 'Mapillary Map Features',
+             'mapillary-signs': 'Mapillary Signs',
+             openstreetcam: 'OpenStreetCam Images'
            };
 
+           for (var layerID in photoOverlayLayers) {
+             var layer = context.layers().layer(layerID);
 
-           source.isLocatorOverlay = function() {
-               return source.id === 'mapbox_locator_overlay';
-           };
+             if (layer && layer.enabled()) {
+               photoOverlaysUsed.push(layerID);
+               imageryUsed.push(photoOverlayLayers[layerID]);
+             }
+           }
 
+           context.history().imageryUsed(imageryUsed);
+           context.history().photoOverlaysUsed(photoOverlaysUsed);
+         };
 
-           /* hides a source from the list, but leaves it available for use */
-           source.isHidden = function() {
-               return source.id === 'DigitalGlobe-Premium-vintage' ||
-                   source.id === 'DigitalGlobe-Standard-vintage';
-           };
+         var _checkedBlocklists;
+
+         background.sources = function (extent, zoom, includeCurrent) {
+           if (!_imageryIndex) return []; // called before init()?
+
+           var visible = {};
+           (_imageryIndex.query.bbox(extent.rectangle(), true) || []).forEach(function (d) {
+             return visible[d.id] = true;
+           });
+           var currSource = baseLayer.source();
+           var osm = context.connection();
+           var blocklists = osm && osm.imageryBlocklists();
 
+           if (blocklists && blocklists !== _checkedBlocklists) {
+             _imageryIndex.backgrounds.forEach(function (source) {
+               source.isBlocked = blocklists.some(function (blocklist) {
+                 return blocklist.test(source.template());
+               });
+             });
 
-           source.copyrightNotices = function() {};
+             _checkedBlocklists = blocklists;
+           }
 
+           return _imageryIndex.backgrounds.filter(function (source) {
+             if (includeCurrent && currSource === source) return true; // optionally always include the current imagery
 
-           source.getMetadata = function(center, tileCoord, callback) {
-               var vintage = {
-                   start: localeDateString(source.startDate),
-                   end: localeDateString(source.endDate)
-               };
-               vintage.range = vintageRange(vintage);
+             if (source.isBlocked) return false; // even bundled sources may be blocked - #7905
 
-               var metadata = { vintage: vintage };
-               callback(null, metadata);
-           };
+             if (!source.polygon) return true; // always include imagery with worldwide coverage
 
+             if (zoom && zoom < 6) return false; // optionally exclude local imagery at low zooms
 
-           return source;
-       }
+             return visible[source.id]; // include imagery visible in given extent
+           });
+         };
 
+         background.dimensions = function (val) {
+           if (!val) return;
+           baseLayer.dimensions(val);
 
-       rendererBackgroundSource.Bing = function(data, dispatch) {
-           // http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff701716.aspx
-           // http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff701701.aspx
+           _overlayLayers.forEach(function (layer) {
+             return layer.dimensions(val);
+           });
+         };
 
-           data.template = 'https://ecn.t{switch:0,1,2,3}.tiles.virtualearth.net/tiles/a{u}.jpeg?g=587&mkt=en-gb&n=z';
+         background.baseLayerSource = function (d) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return baseLayer.source(); // test source against OSM imagery blocklists..
 
-           var bing = rendererBackgroundSource(data);
-           // var key = 'Arzdiw4nlOJzRwOz__qailc8NiR31Tt51dN2D7cm57NrnceZnCpgOkmJhNpGoppU'; // P2, JOSM, etc
-           var key = 'Ak5oTE46TUbjRp08OFVcGpkARErDobfpuyNKa-W2mQ8wbt1K1KL8p1bIRwWwcF-Q';    // iD
+           var osm = context.connection();
+           if (!osm) return background;
+           var blocklists = osm.imageryBlocklists();
+           var template = d.template();
+           var fail = false;
+           var tested = 0;
+           var regex;
+
+           for (var i = 0; i < blocklists.length; i++) {
+             regex = blocklists[i];
+             fail = regex.test(template);
+             tested++;
+             if (fail) break;
+           } // ensure at least one test was run.
 
 
-           var url = 'https://dev.virtualearth.net/REST/v1/Imagery/Metadata/Aerial?include=ImageryProviders&key=' + key;
-           var cache = {};
-           var inflight = {};
-           var providers = [];
+           if (!tested) {
+             regex = /.*\.google(apis)?\..*\/(vt|kh)[\?\/].*([xyz]=.*){3}.*/;
+             fail = regex.test(template);
+           }
 
-           d3_json(url)
-               .then(function(json) {
-                   providers = json.resourceSets[0].resources[0].imageryProviders.map(function(provider) {
-                       return {
-                           attribution: provider.attribution,
-                           areas: provider.coverageAreas.map(function(area) {
-                               return {
-                                   zoom: [area.zoomMin, area.zoomMax],
-                                   extent: geoExtent([area.bbox[1], area.bbox[0]], [area.bbox[3], area.bbox[2]])
-                               };
-                           })
-                       };
-                   });
-                   dispatch.call('change');
-               })
-               .catch(function() {
-                   /* ignore */
-               });
+           baseLayer.source(!fail ? d : background.findSource('none'));
+           dispatch.call('change');
+           background.updateImagery();
+           return background;
+         };
 
+         background.findSource = function (id) {
+           if (!id || !_imageryIndex) return null; // called before init()?
 
-           bing.copyrightNotices = function(zoom, extent) {
-               zoom = Math.min(zoom, 21);
-               return providers.filter(function(provider) {
-                   return provider.areas.some(function(area) {
-                       return extent.intersects(area.extent) &&
-                           area.zoom[0] <= zoom &&
-                           area.zoom[1] >= zoom;
-                   });
-               }).map(function(provider) {
-                   return provider.attribution;
-               }).join(', ');
-           };
+           return _imageryIndex.backgrounds.find(function (d) {
+             return d.id && d.id === id;
+           });
+         };
 
+         background.bing = function () {
+           background.baseLayerSource(background.findSource('Bing'));
+         };
 
-           bing.getMetadata = function(center, tileCoord, callback) {
-               var tileID = tileCoord.slice(0, 3).join('/');
-               var zoom = Math.min(tileCoord[2], 21);
-               var centerPoint = center[1] + ',' + center[0];  // lat,lng
-               var url = 'https://dev.virtualearth.net/REST/v1/Imagery/Metadata/Aerial/' + centerPoint +
-                       '?zl=' + zoom + '&key=' + key;
+         background.showsLayer = function (d) {
+           var currSource = baseLayer.source();
+           if (!d || !currSource) return false;
+           return d.id === currSource.id || _overlayLayers.some(function (layer) {
+             return d.id === layer.source().id;
+           });
+         };
 
-               if (inflight[tileID]) return;
+         background.overlayLayerSources = function () {
+           return _overlayLayers.map(function (layer) {
+             return layer.source();
+           });
+         };
 
-               if (!cache[tileID]) {
-                   cache[tileID] = {};
-               }
-               if (cache[tileID] && cache[tileID].metadata) {
-                   return callback(null, cache[tileID].metadata);
-               }
+         background.toggleOverlayLayer = function (d) {
+           var layer;
 
-               inflight[tileID] = true;
-               d3_json(url)
-                   .then(function(result) {
-                       delete inflight[tileID];
-                       if (!result) {
-                           throw new Error('Unknown Error');
-                       }
-                       var vintage = {
-                           start: localeDateString(result.resourceSets[0].resources[0].vintageStart),
-                           end: localeDateString(result.resourceSets[0].resources[0].vintageEnd)
-                       };
-                       vintage.range = vintageRange(vintage);
-
-                       var metadata = { vintage: vintage };
-                       cache[tileID].metadata = metadata;
-                       if (callback) callback(null, metadata);
-                   })
-                   .catch(function(err) {
-                       delete inflight[tileID];
-                       if (callback) callback(err.message);
-                   });
-           };
+           for (var i = 0; i < _overlayLayers.length; i++) {
+             layer = _overlayLayers[i];
 
+             if (layer.source() === d) {
+               _overlayLayers.splice(i, 1);
 
-           bing.terms_url = 'https://blog.openstreetmap.org/2010/11/30/microsoft-imagery-details';
+               dispatch.call('change');
+               background.updateImagery();
+               return;
+             }
+           }
 
+           layer = rendererTileLayer(context).source(d).projection(context.projection).dimensions(baseLayer.dimensions());
 
-           return bing;
-       };
+           _overlayLayers.push(layer);
 
+           dispatch.call('change');
+           background.updateImagery();
+         };
 
+         background.nudge = function (d, zoom) {
+           var currSource = baseLayer.source();
 
-       rendererBackgroundSource.Esri = function(data) {
-           // in addition to using the tilemap at zoom level 20, overzoom real tiles - #4327 (deprecated technique, but it works)
-           if (data.template.match(/blankTile/) === null) {
-               data.template = data.template + '?blankTile=false';
+           if (currSource) {
+             currSource.nudge(d, zoom);
+             dispatch.call('change');
+             background.updateImagery();
            }
 
-           var esri = rendererBackgroundSource(data);
-           var cache = {};
-           var inflight = {};
-           var _prevCenter;
+           return background;
+         };
 
-           // use a tilemap service to set maximum zoom for esri tiles dynamically
-           // https://developers.arcgis.com/documentation/tiled-elevation-service/
-           esri.fetchTilemap = function(center) {
-               // skip if we have already fetched a tilemap within 5km
-               if (_prevCenter && geoSphericalDistance(center, _prevCenter) < 5000) return;
-               _prevCenter = center;
+         background.offset = function (d) {
+           var currSource = baseLayer.source();
 
-               // tiles are available globally to zoom level 19, afterward they may or may not be present
-               var z = 20;
+           if (!arguments.length) {
+             return currSource && currSource.offset() || [0, 0];
+           }
 
-               // first generate a random url using the template
-               var dummyUrl = esri.url([1,2,3]);
+           if (currSource) {
+             currSource.offset(d);
+             dispatch.call('change');
+             background.updateImagery();
+           }
 
-               // calculate url z/y/x from the lat/long of the center of the map
-               var x = (Math.floor((center[0] + 180) / 360 * Math.pow(2, z)));
-               var y = (Math.floor((1 - Math.log(Math.tan(center[1] * Math.PI / 180) + 1 / Math.cos(center[1] * Math.PI / 180)) / Math.PI) / 2 * Math.pow(2, z)));
+           return background;
+         };
 
-               // fetch an 8x8 grid to leverage cache
-               var tilemapUrl = dummyUrl.replace(/tile\/[0-9]+\/[0-9]+\/[0-9]+\?blankTile=false/, 'tilemap') + '/' + z + '/' + y + '/' + x + '/8/8';
+         background.brightness = function (d) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _brightness;
+           _brightness = d;
+           if (context.mode()) dispatch.call('change');
+           return background;
+         };
 
-               // make the request and introspect the response from the tilemap server
-               d3_json(tilemapUrl)
-                   .then(function(tilemap) {
-                       if (!tilemap) {
-                           throw new Error('Unknown Error');
-                       }
-                       var hasTiles = true;
-                       for (var i = 0; i < tilemap.data.length; i++) {
-                           // 0 means an individual tile in the grid doesn't exist
-                           if (!tilemap.data[i]) {
-                               hasTiles = false;
-                               break;
-                           }
-                       }
+         background.contrast = function (d) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _contrast;
+           _contrast = d;
+           if (context.mode()) dispatch.call('change');
+           return background;
+         };
 
-                       // if any tiles are missing at level 20 we restrict maxZoom to 19
-                       esri.zoomExtent[1] = (hasTiles ? 22 : 19);
-                   })
-                   .catch(function() {
-                       /* ignore */
-                   });
-           };
+         background.saturation = function (d) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _saturation;
+           _saturation = d;
+           if (context.mode()) dispatch.call('change');
+           return background;
+         };
 
+         background.sharpness = function (d) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _sharpness;
+           _sharpness = d;
+           if (context.mode()) dispatch.call('change');
+           return background;
+         };
 
-           esri.getMetadata = function(center, tileCoord, callback) {
-               var tileID = tileCoord.slice(0, 3).join('/');
-               var zoom = Math.min(tileCoord[2], esri.zoomExtent[1]);
-               var centerPoint = center[0] + ',' + center[1];  // long, lat (as it should be)
-               var unknown = _t('info_panels.background.unknown');
-               var metadataLayer;
-               var vintage = {};
-               var metadata = {};
+         var _loadPromise;
 
-               if (inflight[tileID]) return;
+         background.ensureLoaded = function () {
+           if (_loadPromise) return _loadPromise;
 
-               switch (true) {
-                   case (zoom >= 20 && esri.id === 'EsriWorldImageryClarity'):
-                       metadataLayer = 4;
-                       break;
-                   case zoom >= 19:
-                       metadataLayer = 3;
-                       break;
-                   case zoom >= 17:
-                       metadataLayer = 2;
-                       break;
-                   case zoom >= 13:
-                       metadataLayer = 0;
-                       break;
-                   default:
-                       metadataLayer = 99;
-               }
+           function parseMapParams(qmap) {
+             if (!qmap) return false;
+             var params = qmap.split('/').map(Number);
+             if (params.length < 3 || params.some(isNaN)) return false;
+             return geoExtent([params[2], params[1]]); // lon,lat
+           }
 
-               var url;
-               // build up query using the layer appropriate to the current zoom
-               if (esri.id === 'EsriWorldImagery') {
-                   url = 'https://services.arcgisonline.com/arcgis/rest/services/World_Imagery/MapServer/';
-               } else if (esri.id === 'EsriWorldImageryClarity') {
-                   url = 'https://serviceslab.arcgisonline.com/arcgis/rest/services/Clarity_World_Imagery/MapServer/';
-               }
+           var hash = utilStringQs(window.location.hash);
+           var requested = hash.background || hash.layer;
+           var extent = parseMapParams(hash.map);
+           return _loadPromise = ensureImageryIndex().then(function (imageryIndex) {
+             var first = imageryIndex.backgrounds.length && imageryIndex.backgrounds[0];
+             var best;
 
-               url += metadataLayer + '/query?returnGeometry=false&geometry=' + centerPoint + '&inSR=4326&geometryType=esriGeometryPoint&outFields=*&f=json';
+             if (!requested && extent) {
+               best = background.sources(extent).find(function (s) {
+                 return s.best();
+               });
+             } // Decide which background layer to display
 
-               if (!cache[tileID]) {
-                   cache[tileID] = {};
-               }
-               if (cache[tileID] && cache[tileID].metadata) {
-                   return callback(null, cache[tileID].metadata);
-               }
 
-               // accurate metadata is only available >= 13
-               if (metadataLayer === 99) {
-                   vintage = {
-                       start: null,
-                       end: null,
-                       range: null
-                   };
-                   metadata = {
-                       vintage: null,
-                       source: unknown,
-                       description: unknown,
-                       resolution: unknown,
-                       accuracy: unknown
-                   };
+             if (requested && requested.indexOf('custom:') === 0) {
+               var template = requested.replace(/^custom:/, '');
+               var custom = background.findSource('custom');
+               background.baseLayerSource(custom.template(template));
+               corePreferences('background-custom-template', template);
+             } else {
+               background.baseLayerSource(background.findSource(requested) || best || background.findSource(corePreferences('background-last-used')) || background.findSource('Bing') || first || background.findSource('none'));
+             }
 
-                   callback(null, metadata);
+             var locator = imageryIndex.backgrounds.find(function (d) {
+               return d.overlay && d["default"];
+             });
 
-               } else {
-                   inflight[tileID] = true;
-                   d3_json(url)
-                       .then(function(result) {
-                           delete inflight[tileID];
-                           if (!result) {
-                               throw new Error('Unknown Error');
-                           } else if (result.features && result.features.length < 1) {
-                               throw new Error('No Results');
-                           } else if (result.error && result.error.message) {
-                               throw new Error(result.error.message);
-                           }
+             if (locator) {
+               background.toggleOverlayLayer(locator);
+             }
 
-                           // pass through the discrete capture date from metadata
-                           var captureDate = localeDateString(result.features[0].attributes.SRC_DATE2);
-                           vintage = {
-                               start: captureDate,
-                               end: captureDate,
-                               range: captureDate
-                           };
-                           metadata = {
-                               vintage: vintage,
-                               source: clean(result.features[0].attributes.NICE_NAME),
-                               description: clean(result.features[0].attributes.NICE_DESC),
-                               resolution: clean(+parseFloat(result.features[0].attributes.SRC_RES).toFixed(4)),
-                               accuracy: clean(+parseFloat(result.features[0].attributes.SRC_ACC).toFixed(4))
-                           };
-
-                           // append units - meters
-                           if (isFinite(metadata.resolution)) {
-                               metadata.resolution += ' m';
-                           }
-                           if (isFinite(metadata.accuracy)) {
-                               metadata.accuracy += ' m';
-                           }
+             var overlays = (hash.overlays || '').split(',');
+             overlays.forEach(function (overlay) {
+               overlay = background.findSource(overlay);
 
-                           cache[tileID].metadata = metadata;
-                           if (callback) callback(null, metadata);
-                       })
-                       .catch(function(err) {
-                           delete inflight[tileID];
-                           if (callback) callback(err.message);
-                       });
+               if (overlay) {
+                 background.toggleOverlayLayer(overlay);
                }
+             });
 
+             if (hash.gpx) {
+               var gpx = context.layers().layer('data');
 
-               function clean(val) {
-                   return String(val).trim() || unknown;
+               if (gpx) {
+                 gpx.url(hash.gpx, '.gpx');
                }
-           };
-
-           return esri;
-       };
-
-
-       rendererBackgroundSource.None = function() {
-           var source = rendererBackgroundSource({ id: 'none', template: '' });
-
+             }
 
-           source.name = function() {
-               return _t('background.none');
-           };
+             if (hash.offset) {
+               var offset = hash.offset.replace(/;/g, ',').split(',').map(function (n) {
+                 return !isNaN(n) && n;
+               });
 
+               if (offset.length === 2) {
+                 background.offset(geoMetersToOffset(offset));
+               }
+             }
+           })["catch"](function () {
+             /* ignore */
+           });
+         };
 
-           source.imageryUsed = function() {
-               return null;
-           };
+         return utilRebind(background, dispatch, 'on');
+       }
 
+       function rendererFeatures(context) {
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('change', 'redraw');
+         var features = utilRebind({}, dispatch, 'on');
+
+         var _deferred = new Set();
+
+         var traffic_roads = {
+           'motorway': true,
+           'motorway_link': true,
+           'trunk': true,
+           'trunk_link': true,
+           'primary': true,
+           'primary_link': true,
+           'secondary': true,
+           'secondary_link': true,
+           'tertiary': true,
+           'tertiary_link': true,
+           'residential': true,
+           'unclassified': true,
+           'living_street': true
+         };
+         var service_roads = {
+           'service': true,
+           'road': true,
+           'track': true
+         };
+         var paths = {
+           'path': true,
+           'footway': true,
+           'cycleway': true,
+           'bridleway': true,
+           'steps': true,
+           'pedestrian': true
+         };
+         var past_futures = {
+           'proposed': true,
+           'construction': true,
+           'abandoned': true,
+           'dismantled': true,
+           'disused': true,
+           'razed': true,
+           'demolished': true,
+           'obliterated': true
+         };
+         var _cullFactor = 1;
+         var _cache = {};
+         var _rules = {};
+         var _stats = {};
+         var _keys = [];
+         var _hidden = [];
+         var _forceVisible = {};
 
-           source.area = function() {
-               return -1;  // sources in background pane are sorted by area
-           };
+         function update() {
+           if (!window.mocha) {
+             var hash = utilStringQs(window.location.hash);
+             var disabled = features.disabled();
 
+             if (disabled.length) {
+               hash.disable_features = disabled.join(',');
+             } else {
+               delete hash.disable_features;
+             }
 
-           return source;
-       };
+             window.location.replace('#' + utilQsString(hash, true));
+             corePreferences('disabled-features', disabled.join(','));
+           }
 
+           _hidden = features.hidden();
+           dispatch.call('change');
+           dispatch.call('redraw');
+         }
 
-       rendererBackgroundSource.Custom = function(template) {
-           var source = rendererBackgroundSource({ id: 'custom', template: template });
+         function defineRule(k, filter, max) {
+           var isEnabled = true;
 
+           _keys.push(k);
 
-           source.name = function() {
-               return _t('background.custom');
+           _rules[k] = {
+             filter: filter,
+             enabled: isEnabled,
+             // whether the user wants it enabled..
+             count: 0,
+             currentMax: max || Infinity,
+             defaultMax: max || Infinity,
+             enable: function enable() {
+               this.enabled = true;
+               this.currentMax = this.defaultMax;
+             },
+             disable: function disable() {
+               this.enabled = false;
+               this.currentMax = 0;
+             },
+             hidden: function hidden() {
+               return this.count === 0 && !this.enabled || this.count > this.currentMax * _cullFactor;
+             },
+             autoHidden: function autoHidden() {
+               return this.hidden() && this.currentMax > 0;
+             }
            };
+         }
 
+         defineRule('points', function isPoint(tags, geometry) {
+           return geometry === 'point';
+         }, 200);
+         defineRule('traffic_roads', function isTrafficRoad(tags) {
+           return traffic_roads[tags.highway];
+         });
+         defineRule('service_roads', function isServiceRoad(tags) {
+           return service_roads[tags.highway];
+         });
+         defineRule('paths', function isPath(tags) {
+           return paths[tags.highway];
+         });
+         defineRule('buildings', function isBuilding(tags) {
+           return !!tags.building && tags.building !== 'no' || tags.parking === 'multi-storey' || tags.parking === 'sheds' || tags.parking === 'carports' || tags.parking === 'garage_boxes';
+         }, 250);
+         defineRule('building_parts', function isBuildingPart(tags) {
+           return tags['building:part'];
+         });
+         defineRule('indoor', function isIndoor(tags) {
+           return tags.indoor;
+         });
+         defineRule('landuse', function isLanduse(tags, geometry) {
+           return geometry === 'area' && !_rules.buildings.filter(tags) && !_rules.building_parts.filter(tags) && !_rules.indoor.filter(tags) && !_rules.water.filter(tags) && !_rules.pistes.filter(tags);
+         });
+         defineRule('boundaries', function isBoundary(tags) {
+           return !!tags.boundary && !(traffic_roads[tags.highway] || service_roads[tags.highway] || paths[tags.highway] || tags.waterway || tags.railway || tags.landuse || tags.natural || tags.building || tags.power);
+         });
+         defineRule('water', function isWater(tags) {
+           return !!tags.waterway || tags.natural === 'water' || tags.natural === 'coastline' || tags.natural === 'bay' || tags.landuse === 'pond' || tags.landuse === 'basin' || tags.landuse === 'reservoir' || tags.landuse === 'salt_pond';
+         });
+         defineRule('rail', function isRail(tags) {
+           return (!!tags.railway || tags.landuse === 'railway') && !(traffic_roads[tags.highway] || service_roads[tags.highway] || paths[tags.highway]);
+         });
+         defineRule('pistes', function isPiste(tags) {
+           return tags['piste:type'];
+         });
+         defineRule('aerialways', function isPiste(tags) {
+           return tags.aerialway && tags.aerialway !== 'yes' && tags.aerialway !== 'station';
+         });
+         defineRule('power', function isPower(tags) {
+           return !!tags.power;
+         }); // contains a past/future tag, but not in active use as a road/path/cycleway/etc..
 
-           source.imageryUsed = function() {
-               // sanitize personal connection tokens - #6801
-               var cleaned = source.template();
-
-               // from query string parameters
-               if (cleaned.indexOf('?') !== -1) {
-                   var parts = cleaned.split('?', 2);
-                   var qs = utilStringQs(parts[1]);
-
-                   ['access_token', 'connectId', 'token'].forEach(function(param) {
-                       if (qs[param]) {
-                           qs[param] = '{apikey}';
-                       }
-                   });
-                   cleaned = parts[0] + '?' + utilQsString(qs, true);  // true = soft encode
-               }
+         defineRule('past_future', function isPastFuture(tags) {
+           if (traffic_roads[tags.highway] || service_roads[tags.highway] || paths[tags.highway]) {
+             return false;
+           }
 
-               // from wms/wmts api path parameters
-               cleaned = cleaned.replace(/token\/(\w+)/, 'token/{apikey}');
+           var strings = Object.keys(tags);
 
-               return 'Custom (' + cleaned + ' )';
-           };
+           for (var i = 0; i < strings.length; i++) {
+             var s = strings[i];
 
+             if (past_futures[s] || past_futures[tags[s]]) {
+               return true;
+             }
+           }
 
-           source.area = function() {
-               return -2;  // sources in background pane are sorted by area
-           };
+           return false;
+         }); // Lines or areas that don't match another feature filter.
+         // IMPORTANT: The 'others' feature must be the last one defined,
+         //   so that code in getMatches can skip this test if `hasMatch = true`
 
+         defineRule('others', function isOther(tags, geometry) {
+           return geometry === 'line' || geometry === 'area';
+         });
 
-           return source;
-       };
+         features.features = function () {
+           return _rules;
+         };
 
-       function rendererTileLayer(context) {
-           var transformProp = utilPrefixCSSProperty('Transform');
-           var tiler = utilTiler();
+         features.keys = function () {
+           return _keys;
+         };
 
-           var _tileSize = 256;
-           var _projection;
-           var _cache = {};
-           var _tileOrigin;
-           var _zoom;
-           var _source;
+         features.enabled = function (k) {
+           if (!arguments.length) {
+             return _keys.filter(function (k) {
+               return _rules[k].enabled;
+             });
+           }
 
+           return _rules[k] && _rules[k].enabled;
+         };
 
-           function tileSizeAtZoom(d, z) {
-               var EPSILON = 0.002;    // close seams
-               return ((_tileSize * Math.pow(2, z - d[2])) / _tileSize) + EPSILON;
+         features.disabled = function (k) {
+           if (!arguments.length) {
+             return _keys.filter(function (k) {
+               return !_rules[k].enabled;
+             });
            }
 
+           return _rules[k] && !_rules[k].enabled;
+         };
 
-           function atZoom(t, distance) {
-               var power = Math.pow(2, distance);
-               return [
-                   Math.floor(t[0] * power),
-                   Math.floor(t[1] * power),
-                   t[2] + distance
-               ];
+         features.hidden = function (k) {
+           if (!arguments.length) {
+             return _keys.filter(function (k) {
+               return _rules[k].hidden();
+             });
            }
 
+           return _rules[k] && _rules[k].hidden();
+         };
 
-           function lookUp(d) {
-               for (var up = -1; up > -d[2]; up--) {
-                   var tile = atZoom(d, up);
-                   if (_cache[_source.url(tile)] !== false) {
-                       return tile;
-                   }
-               }
+         features.autoHidden = function (k) {
+           if (!arguments.length) {
+             return _keys.filter(function (k) {
+               return _rules[k].autoHidden();
+             });
            }
 
+           return _rules[k] && _rules[k].autoHidden();
+         };
 
-           function uniqueBy(a, n) {
-               var o = [];
-               var seen = {};
-               for (var i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
-                   if (seen[a[i][n]] === undefined) {
-                       o.push(a[i]);
-                       seen[a[i][n]] = true;
-                   }
-               }
-               return o;
+         features.enable = function (k) {
+           if (_rules[k] && !_rules[k].enabled) {
+             _rules[k].enable();
+
+             update();
            }
+         };
 
+         features.enableAll = function () {
+           var didEnable = false;
 
-           function addSource(d) {
-               d.push(_source.url(d));
-               return d;
-           }
+           for (var k in _rules) {
+             if (!_rules[k].enabled) {
+               didEnable = true;
 
+               _rules[k].enable();
+             }
+           }
 
-           // Update tiles based on current state of `projection`.
-           function background(selection) {
-               _zoom = geoScaleToZoom(_projection.scale(), _tileSize);
+           if (didEnable) update();
+         };
 
-               var pixelOffset;
-               if (_source) {
-                   pixelOffset = [
-                       _source.offset()[0] * Math.pow(2, _zoom),
-                       _source.offset()[1] * Math.pow(2, _zoom)
-                   ];
-               } else {
-                   pixelOffset = [0, 0];
-               }
+         features.disable = function (k) {
+           if (_rules[k] && _rules[k].enabled) {
+             _rules[k].disable();
 
-               var translate = [
-                   _projection.translate()[0] + pixelOffset[0],
-                   _projection.translate()[1] + pixelOffset[1]
-               ];
+             update();
+           }
+         };
 
-               tiler
-                   .scale(_projection.scale() * 2 * Math.PI)
-                   .translate(translate);
+         features.disableAll = function () {
+           var didDisable = false;
 
-               _tileOrigin = [
-                   _projection.scale() * Math.PI - translate[0],
-                   _projection.scale() * Math.PI - translate[1]
-               ];
+           for (var k in _rules) {
+             if (_rules[k].enabled) {
+               didDisable = true;
 
-               render(selection);
+               _rules[k].disable();
+             }
            }
 
+           if (didDisable) update();
+         };
 
-           // Derive the tiles onscreen, remove those offscreen and position them.
-           // Important that this part not depend on `_projection` because it's
-           // rentered when tiles load/error (see #644).
-           function render(selection) {
-               if (!_source) return;
-               var requests = [];
-               var showDebug = context.getDebug('tile') && !_source.overlay;
-
-               if (_source.validZoom(_zoom)) {
-                   tiler.skipNullIsland(!!_source.overlay);
+         features.toggle = function (k) {
+           if (_rules[k]) {
+             (function (f) {
+               return f.enabled ? f.disable() : f.enable();
+             })(_rules[k]);
 
-                   tiler().forEach(function(d) {
-                       addSource(d);
-                       if (d[3] === '') return;
-                       if (typeof d[3] !== 'string') return; // Workaround for #2295
-                       requests.push(d);
-                       if (_cache[d[3]] === false && lookUp(d)) {
-                           requests.push(addSource(lookUp(d)));
-                       }
-                   });
+             update();
+           }
+         };
 
-                   requests = uniqueBy(requests, 3).filter(function(r) {
-                       // don't re-request tiles which have failed in the past
-                       return _cache[r[3]] !== false;
-                   });
-               }
+         features.resetStats = function () {
+           for (var i = 0; i < _keys.length; i++) {
+             _rules[_keys[i]].count = 0;
+           }
 
-               function load(d) {
-                   _cache[d[3]] = true;
-                   select(this)
-                       .on('error', null)
-                       .on('load', null)
-                       .classed('tile-loaded', true);
-                   render(selection);
-               }
+           dispatch.call('change');
+         };
 
-               function error(d) {
-                   _cache[d[3]] = false;
-                   select(this)
-                       .on('error', null)
-                       .on('load', null)
-                       .remove();
-                   render(selection);
-               }
+         features.gatherStats = function (d, resolver, dimensions) {
+           var needsRedraw = false;
+           var types = utilArrayGroupBy(d, 'type');
+           var entities = [].concat(types.relation || [], types.way || [], types.node || []);
+           var currHidden, geometry, matches, i, j;
 
-               function imageTransform(d) {
-                   var ts = _tileSize * Math.pow(2, _zoom - d[2]);
-                   var scale = tileSizeAtZoom(d, _zoom);
-                   return 'translate(' +
-                       ((d[0] * ts) - _tileOrigin[0]) + 'px,' +
-                       ((d[1] * ts) - _tileOrigin[1]) + 'px) ' +
-                       'scale(' + scale + ',' + scale + ')';
-               }
+           for (i = 0; i < _keys.length; i++) {
+             _rules[_keys[i]].count = 0;
+           } // adjust the threshold for point/building culling based on viewport size..
+           // a _cullFactor of 1 corresponds to a 1000x1000px viewport..
 
-               function tileCenter(d) {
-                   var ts = _tileSize * Math.pow(2, _zoom - d[2]);
-                   return [
-                       ((d[0] * ts) - _tileOrigin[0] + (ts / 2)),
-                       ((d[1] * ts) - _tileOrigin[1] + (ts / 2))
-                   ];
-               }
 
-               function debugTransform(d) {
-                   var coord = tileCenter(d);
-                   return 'translate(' + coord[0] + 'px,' + coord[1] + 'px)';
-               }
+           _cullFactor = dimensions[0] * dimensions[1] / 1000000;
 
+           for (i = 0; i < entities.length; i++) {
+             geometry = entities[i].geometry(resolver);
+             matches = Object.keys(features.getMatches(entities[i], resolver, geometry));
 
-               // Pick a representative tile near the center of the viewport
-               // (This is useful for sampling the imagery vintage)
-               var dims = tiler.size();
-               var mapCenter = [dims[0] / 2, dims[1] / 2];
-               var minDist = Math.max(dims[0], dims[1]);
-               var nearCenter;
+             for (j = 0; j < matches.length; j++) {
+               _rules[matches[j]].count++;
+             }
+           }
 
-               requests.forEach(function(d) {
-                   var c = tileCenter(d);
-                   var dist = geoVecLength(c, mapCenter);
-                   if (dist < minDist) {
-                       minDist = dist;
-                       nearCenter = d;
-                   }
-               });
+           currHidden = features.hidden();
 
+           if (currHidden !== _hidden) {
+             _hidden = currHidden;
+             needsRedraw = true;
+             dispatch.call('change');
+           }
 
-               var image = selection.selectAll('img')
-                   .data(requests, function(d) { return d[3]; });
+           return needsRedraw;
+         };
 
-               image.exit()
-                   .style(transformProp, imageTransform)
-                   .classed('tile-removing', true)
-                   .classed('tile-center', false)
-                   .each(function() {
-                       var tile = select(this);
-                       window.setTimeout(function() {
-                           if (tile.classed('tile-removing')) {
-                               tile.remove();
-                           }
-                       }, 300);
-                   });
+         features.stats = function () {
+           for (var i = 0; i < _keys.length; i++) {
+             _stats[_keys[i]] = _rules[_keys[i]].count;
+           }
 
-               image.enter()
-                 .append('img')
-                   .attr('class', 'tile')
-                   .attr('draggable', 'false')
-                   .style('width', _tileSize + 'px')
-                   .style('height', _tileSize + 'px')
-                   .attr('src', function(d) { return d[3]; })
-                   .on('error', error)
-                   .on('load', load)
-                 .merge(image)
-                   .style(transformProp, imageTransform)
-                   .classed('tile-debug', showDebug)
-                   .classed('tile-removing', false)
-                   .classed('tile-center', function(d) { return d === nearCenter; });
-
-
-
-               var debug = selection.selectAll('.tile-label-debug')
-                   .data(showDebug ? requests : [], function(d) { return d[3]; });
-
-               debug.exit()
-                   .remove();
-
-               if (showDebug) {
-                   var debugEnter = debug.enter()
-                       .append('div')
-                       .attr('class', 'tile-label-debug');
-
-                   debugEnter
-                       .append('div')
-                       .attr('class', 'tile-label-debug-coord');
-
-                   debugEnter
-                       .append('div')
-                       .attr('class', 'tile-label-debug-vintage');
-
-                   debug = debug.merge(debugEnter);
-
-                   debug
-                       .style(transformProp, debugTransform);
-
-                   debug
-                       .selectAll('.tile-label-debug-coord')
-                       .text(function(d) { return d[2] + ' / ' + d[0] + ' / ' + d[1]; });
-
-                   debug
-                       .selectAll('.tile-label-debug-vintage')
-                       .each(function(d) {
-                           var span = select(this);
-                           var center = context.projection.invert(tileCenter(d));
-                           _source.getMetadata(center, d, function(err, result) {
-                               span.text((result && result.vintage && result.vintage.range) ||
-                                   _t('info_panels.background.vintage') + ': ' + _t('info_panels.background.unknown')
-                               );
-                           });
-                       });
-               }
+           return _stats;
+         };
 
+         features.clear = function (d) {
+           for (var i = 0; i < d.length; i++) {
+             features.clearEntity(d[i]);
            }
+         };
 
+         features.clearEntity = function (entity) {
+           delete _cache[osmEntity.key(entity)];
+         };
 
-           background.projection = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _projection;
-               _projection = val;
-               return background;
-           };
+         features.reset = function () {
+           Array.from(_deferred).forEach(function (handle) {
+             window.cancelIdleCallback(handle);
 
+             _deferred["delete"](handle);
+           });
+           _cache = {};
+         }; // only certain relations are worth checking
 
-           background.dimensions = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return tiler.size();
-               tiler.size(val);
-               return background;
-           };
 
+         function relationShouldBeChecked(relation) {
+           // multipolygon features have `area` geometry and aren't checked here
+           return relation.tags.type === 'boundary';
+         }
 
-           background.source = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _source;
-               _source = val;
-               _tileSize = _source.tileSize;
-               _cache = {};
-               tiler.tileSize(_source.tileSize).zoomExtent(_source.zoomExtent);
-               return background;
-           };
+         features.getMatches = function (entity, resolver, geometry) {
+           if (geometry === 'vertex' || geometry === 'relation' && !relationShouldBeChecked(entity)) return {};
+           var ent = osmEntity.key(entity);
 
+           if (!_cache[ent]) {
+             _cache[ent] = {};
+           }
 
-           return background;
-       }
+           if (!_cache[ent].matches) {
+             var matches = {};
+             var hasMatch = false;
 
-       let _imageryIndex = null;
+             for (var i = 0; i < _keys.length; i++) {
+               if (_keys[i] === 'others') {
+                 if (hasMatch) continue; // If an entity...
+                 //   1. is a way that hasn't matched other 'interesting' feature rules,
 
-       function rendererBackground(context) {
-         const dispatch$1 = dispatch('change');
-         const detected = utilDetect();
-         const baseLayer = rendererTileLayer(context).projection(context.projection);
-         let _isValid = true;
-         let _overlayLayers = [];
-         let _brightness = 1;
-         let _contrast = 1;
-         let _saturation = 1;
-         let _sharpness = 1;
+                 if (entity.type === 'way') {
+                   var parents = features.getParents(entity, resolver, geometry); //   2a. belongs only to a single multipolygon relation
 
+                   if (parents.length === 1 && parents[0].isMultipolygon() || // 2b. or belongs only to boundary relations
+                   parents.length > 0 && parents.every(function (parent) {
+                     return parent.tags.type === 'boundary';
+                   })) {
+                     // ...then match whatever feature rules the parent relation has matched.
+                     // see #2548, #2887
+                     //
+                     // IMPORTANT:
+                     // For this to work, getMatches must be called on relations before ways.
+                     //
+                     var pkey = osmEntity.key(parents[0]);
 
-         function ensureImageryIndex() {
-           return _mainFileFetcher.get('imagery')
-             .then(sources => {
-               if (_imageryIndex) return _imageryIndex;
+                     if (_cache[pkey] && _cache[pkey].matches) {
+                       matches = Object.assign({}, _cache[pkey].matches); // shallow copy
 
-               _imageryIndex = {
-                 imagery: sources,
-                 features: {}
-               };
+                       continue;
+                     }
+                   }
+                 }
+               }
 
-               // use which-polygon to support efficient index and querying for imagery
-               const features = sources.map(source => {
-                 if (!source.polygon) return null;
-                 // workaround for editor-layer-index weirdness..
-                 // Add an extra array nest to each element in `source.polygon`
-                 // so the rings are not treated as a bunch of holes:
-                 // what we have: [ [[outer],[hole],[hole]] ]
-                 // what we want: [ [[outer]],[[outer]],[[outer]] ]
-                 const rings = source.polygon.map(ring => [ring]);
-
-                 const feature = {
-                   type: 'Feature',
-                   properties: { id: source.id },
-                   geometry: { type: 'MultiPolygon', coordinates: rings }
-                 };
+               if (_rules[_keys[i]].filter(entity.tags, geometry)) {
+                 matches[_keys[i]] = hasMatch = true;
+               }
+             }
 
-                 _imageryIndex.features[source.id] = feature;
-                 return feature;
+             _cache[ent].matches = matches;
+           }
 
-               }).filter(Boolean);
+           return _cache[ent].matches;
+         };
 
-               _imageryIndex.query = whichPolygon_1({ type: 'FeatureCollection', features: features });
+         features.getParents = function (entity, resolver, geometry) {
+           if (geometry === 'point') return [];
+           var ent = osmEntity.key(entity);
 
+           if (!_cache[ent]) {
+             _cache[ent] = {};
+           }
 
-               // Instantiate `rendererBackgroundSource` objects for each source
-               _imageryIndex.backgrounds = sources.map(source => {
-                 if (source.type === 'bing') {
-                   return rendererBackgroundSource.Bing(source, dispatch$1);
-                 } else if (/^EsriWorldImagery/.test(source.id)) {
-                   return rendererBackgroundSource.Esri(source);
-                 } else {
-                   return rendererBackgroundSource(source);
-                 }
-               });
+           if (!_cache[ent].parents) {
+             var parents = [];
 
-               // Add 'None'
-               _imageryIndex.backgrounds.unshift(rendererBackgroundSource.None());
+             if (geometry === 'vertex') {
+               parents = resolver.parentWays(entity);
+             } else {
+               // 'line', 'area', 'relation'
+               parents = resolver.parentRelations(entity);
+             }
 
-               // Add 'Custom'
-               let template = corePreferences('background-custom-template') || '';
-               const custom = rendererBackgroundSource.Custom(template);
-               _imageryIndex.backgrounds.unshift(custom);
+             _cache[ent].parents = parents;
+           }
 
-               return _imageryIndex;
-             });
-         }
+           return _cache[ent].parents;
+         };
 
+         features.isHiddenPreset = function (preset, geometry) {
+           if (!_hidden.length) return false;
+           if (!preset.tags) return false;
+           var test = preset.setTags({}, geometry);
 
-         function background(selection) {
-           const currSource = baseLayer.source();
+           for (var key in _rules) {
+             if (_rules[key].filter(test, geometry)) {
+               if (_hidden.indexOf(key) !== -1) {
+                 return key;
+               }
 
-           // If we are displaying an Esri basemap at high zoom,
-           // check its tilemap to see how high the zoom can go
-           if (context.map().zoom() > 18) {
-             if (currSource && /^EsriWorldImagery/.test(currSource.id)) {
-               const center = context.map().center();
-               currSource.fetchTilemap(center);
+               return false;
              }
            }
 
-           // Is the imagery valid here? - #4827
-           const sources = background.sources(context.map().extent());
-           const wasValid = _isValid;
-           _isValid = !!sources.filter(d => d === currSource).length;
+           return false;
+         };
 
-           if (wasValid !== _isValid) {      // change in valid status
-             background.updateImagery();
-           }
+         features.isHiddenFeature = function (entity, resolver, geometry) {
+           if (!_hidden.length) return false;
+           if (!entity.version) return false;
+           if (_forceVisible[entity.id]) return false;
+           var matches = Object.keys(features.getMatches(entity, resolver, geometry));
+           return matches.length && matches.every(function (k) {
+             return features.hidden(k);
+           });
+         };
 
+         features.isHiddenChild = function (entity, resolver, geometry) {
+           if (!_hidden.length) return false;
+           if (!entity.version || geometry === 'point') return false;
+           if (_forceVisible[entity.id]) return false;
+           var parents = features.getParents(entity, resolver, geometry);
+           if (!parents.length) return false;
 
-           let baseFilter = '';
-           if (detected.cssfilters) {
-             if (_brightness !== 1) {
-               baseFilter += ` brightness(${_brightness})`;
-             }
-             if (_contrast !== 1) {
-               baseFilter += ` contrast(${_contrast})`;
-             }
-             if (_saturation !== 1) {
-               baseFilter += ` saturate(${_saturation})`;
-             }
-             if (_sharpness < 1) {  // gaussian blur
-               const blur = d3_interpolateNumber(0.5, 5)(1 - _sharpness);
-               baseFilter += ` blur(${blur}px)`;
+           for (var i = 0; i < parents.length; i++) {
+             if (!features.isHidden(parents[i], resolver, parents[i].geometry(resolver))) {
+               return false;
              }
            }
 
-           let base = selection.selectAll('.layer-background')
-             .data([0]);
+           return true;
+         };
 
-           base = base.enter()
-             .insert('div', '.layer-data')
-             .attr('class', 'layer layer-background')
-             .merge(base);
+         features.hasHiddenConnections = function (entity, resolver) {
+           if (!_hidden.length) return false;
+           var childNodes, connections;
 
-           if (detected.cssfilters) {
-             base.style('filter', baseFilter || null);
+           if (entity.type === 'midpoint') {
+             childNodes = [resolver.entity(entity.edge[0]), resolver.entity(entity.edge[1])];
+             connections = [];
            } else {
-             base.style('opacity', _brightness);
-           }
+             childNodes = entity.nodes ? resolver.childNodes(entity) : [];
+             connections = features.getParents(entity, resolver, entity.geometry(resolver));
+           } // gather ways connected to child nodes..
+
+
+           connections = childNodes.reduce(function (result, e) {
+             return resolver.isShared(e) ? utilArrayUnion(result, resolver.parentWays(e)) : result;
+           }, connections);
+           return connections.some(function (e) {
+             return features.isHidden(e, resolver, e.geometry(resolver));
+           });
+         };
 
+         features.isHidden = function (entity, resolver, geometry) {
+           if (!_hidden.length) return false;
+           if (!entity.version) return false;
+           var fn = geometry === 'vertex' ? features.isHiddenChild : features.isHiddenFeature;
+           return fn(entity, resolver, geometry);
+         };
 
-           let imagery = base.selectAll('.layer-imagery')
-             .data([0]);
+         features.filter = function (d, resolver) {
+           if (!_hidden.length) return d;
+           var result = [];
 
-           imagery.enter()
-             .append('div')
-             .attr('class', 'layer layer-imagery')
-             .merge(imagery)
-             .call(baseLayer);
+           for (var i = 0; i < d.length; i++) {
+             var entity = d[i];
 
+             if (!features.isHidden(entity, resolver, entity.geometry(resolver))) {
+               result.push(entity);
+             }
+           }
 
-           let maskFilter = '';
-           let mixBlendMode = '';
-           if (detected.cssfilters && _sharpness > 1) {  // apply unsharp mask
-             mixBlendMode = 'overlay';
-             maskFilter = 'saturate(0) blur(3px) invert(1)';
+           return result;
+         };
+
+         features.forceVisible = function (entityIDs) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return Object.keys(_forceVisible);
+           _forceVisible = {};
 
-             let contrast = _sharpness - 1;
-             maskFilter += ` contrast(${contrast})`;
+           for (var i = 0; i < entityIDs.length; i++) {
+             _forceVisible[entityIDs[i]] = true;
+             var entity = context.hasEntity(entityIDs[i]);
 
-             let brightness = d3_interpolateNumber(1, 0.85)(_sharpness - 1);
-             maskFilter += ` brightness(${brightness})`;
+             if (entity && entity.type === 'relation') {
+               // also show relation members (one level deep)
+               for (var j in entity.members) {
+                 _forceVisible[entity.members[j].id] = true;
+               }
+             }
            }
 
-           let mask = base.selectAll('.layer-unsharp-mask')
-             .data(detected.cssfilters && _sharpness > 1 ? [0] : []);
+           return features;
+         };
 
-           mask.exit()
-             .remove();
+         features.init = function () {
+           var storage = corePreferences('disabled-features');
 
-           mask.enter()
-             .append('div')
-             .attr('class', 'layer layer-mask layer-unsharp-mask')
-             .merge(mask)
-             .call(baseLayer)
-             .style('filter', maskFilter || null)
-             .style('mix-blend-mode', mixBlendMode || null);
+           if (storage) {
+             var storageDisabled = storage.replace(/;/g, ',').split(',');
+             storageDisabled.forEach(features.disable);
+           }
 
+           var hash = utilStringQs(window.location.hash);
 
-           let overlays = selection.selectAll('.layer-overlay')
-             .data(_overlayLayers, d => d.source().name());
+           if (hash.disable_features) {
+             var hashDisabled = hash.disable_features.replace(/;/g, ',').split(',');
+             hashDisabled.forEach(features.disable);
+           }
+         }; // warm up the feature matching cache upon merging fetched data
 
-           overlays.exit()
-             .remove();
 
-           overlays.enter()
-             .insert('div', '.layer-data')
-             .attr('class', 'layer layer-overlay')
-             .merge(overlays)
-             .each((layer, i, nodes) => select(nodes[i]).call(layer));
-         }
+         context.history().on('merge.features', function (newEntities) {
+           if (!newEntities) return;
+           var handle = window.requestIdleCallback(function () {
+             var graph = context.graph();
+             var types = utilArrayGroupBy(newEntities, 'type'); // ensure that getMatches is called on relations before ways
 
+             var entities = [].concat(types.relation || [], types.way || [], types.node || []);
 
-         background.updateImagery = function() {
-           let currSource = baseLayer.source();
-           if (context.inIntro() || !currSource) return;
+             for (var i = 0; i < entities.length; i++) {
+               var geometry = entities[i].geometry(graph);
+               features.getMatches(entities[i], graph, geometry);
+             }
+           });
 
-           let o = _overlayLayers
-             .filter(d => !d.source().isLocatorOverlay() && !d.source().isHidden())
-             .map(d => d.source().id)
-             .join(',');
+           _deferred.add(handle);
+         });
+         return features;
+       }
 
-           const meters = geoOffsetToMeters(currSource.offset());
-           const EPSILON = 0.01;
-           const x = +meters[0].toFixed(2);
-           const y = +meters[1].toFixed(2);
-           let hash = utilStringQs(window.location.hash);
+       /** Error message constants. */
 
-           let id = currSource.id;
-           if (id === 'custom') {
-             id = `custom:${currSource.template()}`;
-           }
+       var FUNC_ERROR_TEXT = 'Expected a function';
+       /**
+        * Creates a throttled function that only invokes `func` at most once per
+        * every `wait` milliseconds. The throttled function comes with a `cancel`
+        * method to cancel delayed `func` invocations and a `flush` method to
+        * immediately invoke them. Provide `options` to indicate whether `func`
+        * should be invoked on the leading and/or trailing edge of the `wait`
+        * timeout. The `func` is invoked with the last arguments provided to the
+        * throttled function. Subsequent calls to the throttled function return the
+        * result of the last `func` invocation.
+        *
+        * **Note:** If `leading` and `trailing` options are `true`, `func` is
+        * invoked on the trailing edge of the timeout only if the throttled function
+        * is invoked more than once during the `wait` timeout.
+        *
+        * If `wait` is `0` and `leading` is `false`, `func` invocation is deferred
+        * until to the next tick, similar to `setTimeout` with a timeout of `0`.
+        *
+        * See [David Corbacho's article](https://css-tricks.com/debouncing-throttling-explained-examples/)
+        * for details over the differences between `_.throttle` and `_.debounce`.
+        *
+        * @static
+        * @memberOf _
+        * @since 0.1.0
+        * @category Function
+        * @param {Function} func The function to throttle.
+        * @param {number} [wait=0] The number of milliseconds to throttle invocations to.
+        * @param {Object} [options={}] The options object.
+        * @param {boolean} [options.leading=true]
+        *  Specify invoking on the leading edge of the timeout.
+        * @param {boolean} [options.trailing=true]
+        *  Specify invoking on the trailing edge of the timeout.
+        * @returns {Function} Returns the new throttled function.
+        * @example
+        *
+        * // Avoid excessively updating the position while scrolling.
+        * jQuery(window).on('scroll', _.throttle(updatePosition, 100));
+        *
+        * // Invoke `renewToken` when the click event is fired, but not more than once every 5 minutes.
+        * var throttled = _.throttle(renewToken, 300000, { 'trailing': false });
+        * jQuery(element).on('click', throttled);
+        *
+        * // Cancel the trailing throttled invocation.
+        * jQuery(window).on('popstate', throttled.cancel);
+        */
 
-           if (id) {
-             hash.background = id;
-           } else {
-             delete hash.background;
-           }
+       function throttle(func, wait, options) {
+         var leading = true,
+             trailing = true;
 
-           if (o) {
-             hash.overlays = o;
-           } else {
-             delete hash.overlays;
-           }
+         if (typeof func != 'function') {
+           throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
+         }
 
-           if (Math.abs(x) > EPSILON || Math.abs(y) > EPSILON) {
-             hash.offset = `${x},${y}`;
-           } else {
-             delete hash.offset;
-           }
+         if (isObject$2(options)) {
+           leading = 'leading' in options ? !!options.leading : leading;
+           trailing = 'trailing' in options ? !!options.trailing : trailing;
+         }
 
-           if (!window.mocha) {
-             window.location.replace('#' + utilQsString(hash, true));
-           }
+         return debounce(func, wait, {
+           'leading': leading,
+           'maxWait': wait,
+           'trailing': trailing
+         });
+       }
 
-           let imageryUsed = [];
-           let photoOverlaysUsed = [];
+       //
+       // - the activeID - nope
+       // - 1 away (adjacent) to the activeID - yes (vertices will be merged)
+       // - 2 away from the activeID - nope (would create a self intersecting segment)
+       // - all others on a linear way - yes
+       // - all others on a closed way - nope (would create a self intersecting polygon)
+       //
+       // returns
+       // 0 = active vertex - no touch/connect
+       // 1 = passive vertex - yes touch/connect
+       // 2 = adjacent vertex - yes but pay attention segmenting a line here
+       //
 
-           const currUsed = currSource.imageryUsed();
-           if (currUsed && _isValid) {
-             imageryUsed.push(currUsed);
-           }
+       function svgPassiveVertex(node, graph, activeID) {
+         if (!activeID) return 1;
+         if (activeID === node.id) return 0;
+         var parents = graph.parentWays(node);
+         var i, j, nodes, isClosed, ix1, ix2, ix3, ix4, max;
+
+         for (i = 0; i < parents.length; i++) {
+           nodes = parents[i].nodes;
+           isClosed = parents[i].isClosed();
+
+           for (j = 0; j < nodes.length; j++) {
+             // find this vertex, look nearby
+             if (nodes[j] === node.id) {
+               ix1 = j - 2;
+               ix2 = j - 1;
+               ix3 = j + 1;
+               ix4 = j + 2;
 
-           _overlayLayers
-             .filter(d => !d.source().isLocatorOverlay() && !d.source().isHidden())
-             .forEach(d => imageryUsed.push(d.source().imageryUsed()));
+               if (isClosed) {
+                 // wraparound if needed
+                 max = nodes.length - 1;
+                 if (ix1 < 0) ix1 = max + ix1;
+                 if (ix2 < 0) ix2 = max + ix2;
+                 if (ix3 > max) ix3 = ix3 - max;
+                 if (ix4 > max) ix4 = ix4 - max;
+               }
 
-           const dataLayer = context.layers().layer('data');
-           if (dataLayer && dataLayer.enabled() && dataLayer.hasData()) {
-             imageryUsed.push(dataLayer.getSrc());
+               if (nodes[ix1] === activeID) return 0; // no - prevent self intersect
+               else if (nodes[ix2] === activeID) return 2; // ok - adjacent
+                 else if (nodes[ix3] === activeID) return 2; // ok - adjacent
+                   else if (nodes[ix4] === activeID) return 0; // no - prevent self intersect
+                     else if (isClosed && nodes.indexOf(activeID) !== -1) return 0; // no - prevent self intersect
+             }
            }
+         }
 
-           const photoOverlayLayers = {
-             streetside: 'Bing Streetside',
-             mapillary: 'Mapillary Images',
-             'mapillary-map-features': 'Mapillary Map Features',
-             'mapillary-signs': 'Mapillary Signs',
-             openstreetcam: 'OpenStreetCam Images'
-           };
+         return 1; // ok
+       }
+       function svgMarkerSegments(projection, graph, dt, shouldReverse, bothDirections) {
+         return function (entity) {
+           var i = 0;
+           var offset = dt;
+           var segments = [];
+           var clip = d3_geoIdentity().clipExtent(projection.clipExtent()).stream;
+           var coordinates = graph.childNodes(entity).map(function (n) {
+             return n.loc;
+           });
+           var a, b;
 
-           for (let layerID in photoOverlayLayers) {
-             const layer = context.layers().layer(layerID);
-             if (layer && layer.enabled()) {
-               photoOverlaysUsed.push(layerID);
-               imageryUsed.push(photoOverlayLayers[layerID]);
-             }
+           if (shouldReverse(entity)) {
+             coordinates.reverse();
            }
 
-           context.history().imageryUsed(imageryUsed);
-           context.history().photoOverlaysUsed(photoOverlaysUsed);
-         };
+           d3_geoStream({
+             type: 'LineString',
+             coordinates: coordinates
+           }, projection.stream(clip({
+             lineStart: function lineStart() {},
+             lineEnd: function lineEnd() {
+               a = null;
+             },
+             point: function point(x, y) {
+               b = [x, y];
 
+               if (a) {
+                 var span = geoVecLength(a, b) - offset;
 
-         background.sources = (extent, zoom, includeCurrent) => {
-           if (!_imageryIndex) return [];   // called before init()?
+                 if (span >= 0) {
+                   var heading = geoVecAngle(a, b);
+                   var dx = dt * Math.cos(heading);
+                   var dy = dt * Math.sin(heading);
+                   var p = [a[0] + offset * Math.cos(heading), a[1] + offset * Math.sin(heading)]; // gather coordinates
 
-           let visible = {};
-           (_imageryIndex.query.bbox(extent.rectangle(), true) || [])
-             .forEach(d => visible[d.id] = true);
+                   var coord = [a, p];
 
-           const currSource = baseLayer.source();
+                   for (span -= dt; span >= 0; span -= dt) {
+                     p = geoVecAdd(p, [dx, dy]);
+                     coord.push(p);
+                   }
 
-           return _imageryIndex.backgrounds.filter(source => {
-             if (!source.polygon) return true;                          // always include imagery with worldwide coverage
-             if (includeCurrent && currSource === source) return true;  // optionally include the current imagery
-             if (zoom && zoom < 6) return false;                        // optionally exclude local imagery at low zooms
-             return visible[source.id];                                 // include imagery visible in given extent
-           });
-         };
+                   coord.push(b); // generate svg paths
 
+                   var segment = '';
+                   var j;
 
-         background.dimensions = (val) => {
-           if (!val) return;
-           baseLayer.dimensions(val);
-           _overlayLayers.forEach(layer => layer.dimensions(val));
-         };
+                   for (j = 0; j < coord.length; j++) {
+                     segment += (j === 0 ? 'M' : 'L') + coord[j][0] + ',' + coord[j][1];
+                   }
 
+                   segments.push({
+                     id: entity.id,
+                     index: i++,
+                     d: segment
+                   });
 
-         background.baseLayerSource = function(d) {
-           if (!arguments.length) return baseLayer.source();
+                   if (bothDirections(entity)) {
+                     segment = '';
 
-           // test source against OSM imagery blacklists..
-           const osm = context.connection();
-           if (!osm) return background;
+                     for (j = coord.length - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
+                       segment += (j === coord.length - 1 ? 'M' : 'L') + coord[j][0] + ',' + coord[j][1];
+                     }
 
-           const blacklists = osm.imageryBlacklists();
-           const template = d.template();
-           let fail = false;
-           let tested = 0;
-           let regex;
+                     segments.push({
+                       id: entity.id,
+                       index: i++,
+                       d: segment
+                     });
+                   }
+                 }
 
-           for (let i = 0; i < blacklists.length; i++) {
-             try {
-               regex = new RegExp(blacklists[i]);
-               fail = regex.test(template);
-               tested++;
-               if (fail) break;
-             } catch (e) {
-               /* noop */
+                 offset = -span;
+               }
+
+               a = b;
              }
+           })));
+           return segments;
+         };
+       }
+       function svgPath(projection, graph, isArea) {
+         // Explanation of magic numbers:
+         // "padding" here allows space for strokes to extend beyond the viewport,
+         // so that the stroke isn't drawn along the edge of the viewport when
+         // the shape is clipped.
+         //
+         // When drawing lines, pad viewport by 5px.
+         // When drawing areas, pad viewport by 65px in each direction to allow
+         // for 60px area fill stroke (see ".fill-partial path.fill" css rule)
+         var cache = {};
+         var padding = isArea ? 65 : 5;
+         var viewport = projection.clipExtent();
+         var paddedExtent = [[viewport[0][0] - padding, viewport[0][1] - padding], [viewport[1][0] + padding, viewport[1][1] + padding]];
+         var clip = d3_geoIdentity().clipExtent(paddedExtent).stream;
+         var project = projection.stream;
+         var path = d3_geoPath().projection({
+           stream: function stream(output) {
+             return project(clip(output));
            }
+         });
 
-           // ensure at least one test was run.
-           if (!tested) {
-             regex = new RegExp('.*\.google(apis)?\..*/(vt|kh)[\?/].*([xyz]=.*){3}.*');
-             fail = regex.test(template);
+         var svgpath = function svgpath(entity) {
+           if (entity.id in cache) {
+             return cache[entity.id];
+           } else {
+             return cache[entity.id] = path(entity.asGeoJSON(graph));
            }
+         };
 
-           baseLayer.source(!fail ? d : background.findSource('none'));
-           dispatch$1.call('change');
-           background.updateImagery();
-           return background;
+         svgpath.geojson = function (d) {
+           if (d.__featurehash__ !== undefined) {
+             if (d.__featurehash__ in cache) {
+               return cache[d.__featurehash__];
+             } else {
+               return cache[d.__featurehash__] = path(d);
+             }
+           } else {
+             return path(d);
+           }
          };
 
+         return svgpath;
+       }
+       function svgPointTransform(projection) {
+         var svgpoint = function svgpoint(entity) {
+           // http://jsperf.com/short-array-join
+           var pt = projection(entity.loc);
+           return 'translate(' + pt[0] + ',' + pt[1] + ')';
+         };
 
-         background.findSource = (id) => {
-           if (!id || !_imageryIndex) return null;   // called before init()?
-           return _imageryIndex.backgrounds.find(d => d.id && d.id === id);
+         svgpoint.geojson = function (d) {
+           return svgpoint(d.properties.entity);
          };
 
+         return svgpoint;
+       }
+       function svgRelationMemberTags(graph) {
+         return function (entity) {
+           var tags = entity.tags;
+           var shouldCopyMultipolygonTags = !entity.hasInterestingTags();
+           graph.parentRelations(entity).forEach(function (relation) {
+             var type = relation.tags.type;
 
-         background.bing = () => {
-           background.baseLayerSource(background.findSource('Bing'));
+             if (type === 'multipolygon' && shouldCopyMultipolygonTags || type === 'boundary') {
+               tags = Object.assign({}, relation.tags, tags);
+             }
+           });
+           return tags;
          };
+       }
+       function svgSegmentWay(way, graph, activeID) {
+         // When there is no activeID, we can memoize this expensive computation
+         if (activeID === undefined) {
+           return graph["transient"](way, 'waySegments', getWaySegments);
+         } else {
+           return getWaySegments();
+         }
 
+         function getWaySegments() {
+           var isActiveWay = way.nodes.indexOf(activeID) !== -1;
+           var features = {
+             passive: [],
+             active: []
+           };
+           var start = {};
+           var end = {};
+           var node, type;
 
-         background.showsLayer = (d) => {
-           const currSource = baseLayer.source();
-           if (!d || !currSource) return false;
-           return d.id === currSource.id || _overlayLayers.some(layer => d.id === layer.source().id);
-         };
+           for (var i = 0; i < way.nodes.length; i++) {
+             node = graph.entity(way.nodes[i]);
+             type = svgPassiveVertex(node, graph, activeID);
+             end = {
+               node: node,
+               type: type
+             };
 
+             if (start.type !== undefined) {
+               if (start.node.id === activeID || end.node.id === activeID) ; else if (isActiveWay && (start.type === 2 || end.type === 2)) {
+                 // one adjacent vertex
+                 pushActive(start, end, i);
+               } else if (start.type === 0 && end.type === 0) {
+                 // both active vertices
+                 pushActive(start, end, i);
+               } else {
+                 pushPassive(start, end, i);
+               }
+             }
 
-         background.overlayLayerSources = () => {
-           return _overlayLayers.map(layer => layer.source());
-         };
+             start = end;
+           }
 
+           return features;
 
-         background.toggleOverlayLayer = (d) => {
-           let layer;
-           for (let i = 0; i < _overlayLayers.length; i++) {
-             layer = _overlayLayers[i];
-             if (layer.source() === d) {
-               _overlayLayers.splice(i, 1);
-               dispatch$1.call('change');
-               background.updateImagery();
-               return;
-             }
+           function pushActive(start, end, index) {
+             features.active.push({
+               type: 'Feature',
+               id: way.id + '-' + index + '-nope',
+               properties: {
+                 nope: true,
+                 target: true,
+                 entity: way,
+                 nodes: [start.node, end.node],
+                 index: index
+               },
+               geometry: {
+                 type: 'LineString',
+                 coordinates: [start.node.loc, end.node.loc]
+               }
+             });
+           }
+
+           function pushPassive(start, end, index) {
+             features.passive.push({
+               type: 'Feature',
+               id: way.id + '-' + index,
+               properties: {
+                 target: true,
+                 entity: way,
+                 nodes: [start.node, end.node],
+                 index: index
+               },
+               geometry: {
+                 type: 'LineString',
+                 coordinates: [start.node.loc, end.node.loc]
+               }
+             });
            }
+         }
+       }
 
-           layer = rendererTileLayer(context)
-             .source(d)
-             .projection(context.projection)
-             .dimensions(baseLayer.dimensions()
-           );
+       function svgTagClasses() {
+         var primaries = ['building', 'highway', 'railway', 'waterway', 'aeroway', 'aerialway', 'piste:type', 'boundary', 'power', 'amenity', 'natural', 'landuse', 'leisure', 'military', 'place', 'man_made', 'route', 'attraction', 'building:part', 'indoor'];
+         var statuses = [// nonexistent, might be built
+         'proposed', 'planned', // under maintentance or between groundbreaking and opening
+         'construction', // existent but not functional
+         'disused', // dilapidated to nonexistent
+         'abandoned', // nonexistent, still may appear in imagery
+         'dismantled', 'razed', 'demolished', 'obliterated', // existent occasionally, e.g. stormwater drainage basin
+         'intermittent'];
+         var secondaries = ['oneway', 'bridge', 'tunnel', 'embankment', 'cutting', 'barrier', 'surface', 'tracktype', 'footway', 'crossing', 'service', 'sport', 'public_transport', 'location', 'parking', 'golf', 'type', 'leisure', 'man_made', 'indoor'];
 
-           _overlayLayers.push(layer);
-           dispatch$1.call('change');
-           background.updateImagery();
+         var _tags = function _tags(entity) {
+           return entity.tags;
          };
 
+         var tagClasses = function tagClasses(selection) {
+           selection.each(function tagClassesEach(entity) {
+             var value = this.className;
 
-         background.nudge = (d, zoom) => {
-           const currSource = baseLayer.source();
-           if (currSource) {
-             currSource.nudge(d, zoom);
-             dispatch$1.call('change');
-             background.updateImagery();
-           }
-           return background;
-         };
-
+             if (value.baseVal !== undefined) {
+               value = value.baseVal;
+             }
 
-         background.offset = function(d) {
-           const currSource = baseLayer.source();
-           if (!arguments.length) {
-             return (currSource && currSource.offset()) || [0, 0];
-           }
-           if (currSource) {
-             currSource.offset(d);
-             dispatch$1.call('change');
-             background.updateImagery();
-           }
-           return background;
-         };
+             var t = _tags(entity);
 
+             var computed = tagClasses.getClassesString(t, value);
 
-         background.brightness = function(d) {
-           if (!arguments.length) return _brightness;
-           _brightness = d;
-           if (context.mode()) dispatch$1.call('change');
-           return background;
+             if (computed !== value) {
+               select(this).attr('class', computed);
+             }
+           });
          };
 
+         tagClasses.getClassesString = function (t, value) {
+           var primary, status;
+           var i, j, k, v; // in some situations we want to render perimeter strokes a certain way
 
-         background.contrast = function(d) {
-           if (!arguments.length) return _contrast;
-           _contrast = d;
-           if (context.mode()) dispatch$1.call('change');
-           return background;
-         };
+           var overrideGeometry;
 
+           if (/\bstroke\b/.test(value)) {
+             if (!!t.barrier && t.barrier !== 'no') {
+               overrideGeometry = 'line';
+             }
+           } // preserve base classes (nothing with `tag-`)
 
-         background.saturation = function(d) {
-           if (!arguments.length) return _saturation;
-           _saturation = d;
-           if (context.mode()) dispatch$1.call('change');
-           return background;
-         };
 
+           var classes = value.trim().split(/\s+/).filter(function (klass) {
+             return klass.length && !/^tag-/.test(klass);
+           }).map(function (klass) {
+             // special overrides for some perimeter strokes
+             return klass === 'line' || klass === 'area' ? overrideGeometry || klass : klass;
+           }); // pick at most one primary classification tag..
 
-         background.sharpness = function(d) {
-           if (!arguments.length) return _sharpness;
-           _sharpness = d;
-           if (context.mode()) dispatch$1.call('change');
-           return background;
-         };
+           for (i = 0; i < primaries.length; i++) {
+             k = primaries[i];
+             v = t[k];
+             if (!v || v === 'no') continue;
 
-         let _loadPromise;
+             if (k === 'piste:type') {
+               // avoid a ':' in the class name
+               k = 'piste';
+             } else if (k === 'building:part') {
+               // avoid a ':' in the class name
+               k = 'building_part';
+             }
 
-         background.ensureLoaded = () => {
+             primary = k;
 
-           if (_loadPromise) return _loadPromise;
+             if (statuses.indexOf(v) !== -1) {
+               // e.g. `railway=abandoned`
+               status = v;
+               classes.push('tag-' + k);
+             } else {
+               classes.push('tag-' + k);
+               classes.push('tag-' + k + '-' + v);
+             }
 
-           function parseMapParams(qmap) {
-             if (!qmap) return false;
-             const params = qmap.split('/').map(Number);
-             if (params.length < 3 || params.some(isNaN)) return false;
-             return geoExtent([params[2], params[1]]);  // lon,lat
+             break;
            }
 
-           const hash = utilStringQs(window.location.hash);
-           const requested = hash.background || hash.layer;
-           let extent = parseMapParams(hash.map);
+           if (!primary) {
+             for (i = 0; i < statuses.length; i++) {
+               for (j = 0; j < primaries.length; j++) {
+                 k = statuses[i] + ':' + primaries[j]; // e.g. `demolished:building=yes`
 
-           return _loadPromise = ensureImageryIndex()
-             .then(imageryIndex => {
-               const first = imageryIndex.backgrounds.length && imageryIndex.backgrounds[0];
-
-               let best;
-               if (!requested && extent) {
-                 best = background.sources(extent).find(s => s.best());
+                 v = t[k];
+                 if (!v || v === 'no') continue;
+                 status = statuses[i];
+                 break;
                }
+             }
+           } // add at most one status tag, only if relates to primary tag..
 
-               // Decide which background layer to display
-               if (requested && requested.indexOf('custom:') === 0) {
-                 const template = requested.replace(/^custom:/, '');
-                 const custom = background.findSource('custom');
-                 background.baseLayerSource(custom.template(template));
-                 corePreferences('background-custom-template', template);
-               } else {
-                 background.baseLayerSource(
-                   background.findSource(requested) ||
-                   best ||
-                   background.findSource(corePreferences('background-last-used')) ||
-                   background.findSource('Bing') ||
-                   first ||
-                   background.findSource('none')
-                 );
-               }
 
-               const locator = imageryIndex.backgrounds.find(d => d.overlay && d.default);
-               if (locator) {
-                 background.toggleOverlayLayer(locator);
-               }
+           if (!status) {
+             for (i = 0; i < statuses.length; i++) {
+               k = statuses[i];
+               v = t[k];
+               if (!v || v === 'no') continue;
 
-               const overlays = (hash.overlays || '').split(',');
-               overlays.forEach(overlay => {
-                 overlay = background.findSource(overlay);
-                 if (overlay) {
-                   background.toggleOverlayLayer(overlay);
-                 }
-               });
+               if (v === 'yes') {
+                 // e.g. `railway=rail + abandoned=yes`
+                 status = k;
+               } else if (primary && primary === v) {
+                 // e.g. `railway=rail + abandoned=railway`
+                 status = k;
+               } else if (!primary && primaries.indexOf(v) !== -1) {
+                 // e.g. `abandoned=railway`
+                 status = k;
+                 primary = v;
+                 classes.push('tag-' + v);
+               } // else ignore e.g.  `highway=path + abandoned=railway`
 
-               if (hash.gpx) {
-                 const gpx = context.layers().layer('data');
-                 if (gpx) {
-                   gpx.url(hash.gpx, '.gpx');
-                 }
-               }
 
-               if (hash.offset) {
-                 const offset = hash.offset
-                   .replace(/;/g, ',')
-                   .split(',')
-                   .map(n => !isNaN(n) && n);
+               if (status) break;
+             }
+           }
 
-                 if (offset.length === 2) {
-                   background.offset(geoMetersToOffset(offset));
-                 }
-               }
-             })
-             .catch(() => { /* ignore */ });
-         };
+           if (status) {
+             classes.push('tag-status');
+             classes.push('tag-status-' + status);
+           } // add any secondary tags
 
 
-         return utilRebind(background, dispatch$1, 'on');
-       }
+           for (i = 0; i < secondaries.length; i++) {
+             k = secondaries[i];
+             v = t[k];
+             if (!v || v === 'no' || k === primary) continue;
+             classes.push('tag-' + k);
+             classes.push('tag-' + k + '-' + v);
+           } // For highways, look for surface tagging..
 
-       function rendererFeatures(context) {
-           var dispatch$1 = dispatch('change', 'redraw');
-           var features = utilRebind({}, dispatch$1, 'on');
-           var _deferred = new Set();
-
-           var traffic_roads = {
-               'motorway': true,
-               'motorway_link': true,
-               'trunk': true,
-               'trunk_link': true,
-               'primary': true,
-               'primary_link': true,
-               'secondary': true,
-               'secondary_link': true,
-               'tertiary': true,
-               'tertiary_link': true,
-               'residential': true,
-               'unclassified': true,
-               'living_street': true
-           };
 
-           var service_roads = {
-               'service': true,
-               'road': true,
-               'track': true
-           };
+           if (primary === 'highway' && !osmPathHighwayTagValues[t.highway] || primary === 'aeroway') {
+             var surface = t.highway === 'track' ? 'unpaved' : 'paved';
 
-           var paths = {
-               'path': true,
-               'footway': true,
-               'cycleway': true,
-               'bridleway': true,
-               'steps': true,
-               'pedestrian': true
-           };
+             for (k in t) {
+               v = t[k];
 
-           var past_futures = {
-               'proposed': true,
-               'construction': true,
-               'abandoned': true,
-               'dismantled': true,
-               'disused': true,
-               'razed': true,
-               'demolished': true,
-               'obliterated': true
-           };
+               if (k in osmPavedTags) {
+                 surface = osmPavedTags[k][v] ? 'paved' : 'unpaved';
+               }
 
-           var _cullFactor = 1;
-           var _cache = {};
-           var _rules = {};
-           var _stats = {};
-           var _keys = [];
-           var _hidden = [];
-           var _forceVisible = {};
+               if (k in osmSemipavedTags && !!osmSemipavedTags[k][v]) {
+                 surface = 'semipaved';
+               }
+             }
 
+             classes.push('tag-' + surface);
+           } // If this is a wikidata-tagged item, add a class for that..
 
-           function update() {
-               if (!window.mocha) {
-                   var hash = utilStringQs(window.location.hash);
-                   var disabled = features.disabled();
-                   if (disabled.length) {
-                       hash.disable_features = disabled.join(',');
-                   } else {
-                       delete hash.disable_features;
-                   }
-                   window.location.replace('#' + utilQsString(hash, true));
-                   corePreferences('disabled-features', disabled.join(','));
-               }
-               _hidden = features.hidden();
-               dispatch$1.call('change');
-               dispatch$1.call('redraw');
-           }
-
-
-           function defineRule(k, filter, max) {
-               var isEnabled = true;
-
-               _keys.push(k);
-               _rules[k] = {
-                   filter: filter,
-                   enabled: isEnabled,   // whether the user wants it enabled..
-                   count: 0,
-                   currentMax: (max || Infinity),
-                   defaultMax: (max || Infinity),
-                   enable: function() { this.enabled = true; this.currentMax = this.defaultMax; },
-                   disable: function() { this.enabled = false; this.currentMax = 0; },
-                   hidden: function() {
-                       return (this.count === 0 && !this.enabled) ||
-                           this.count > this.currentMax * _cullFactor;
-                   },
-                   autoHidden: function() { return this.hidden() && this.currentMax > 0; }
-               };
-           }
 
+           var qid = t.wikidata || t['flag:wikidata'] || t['brand:wikidata'] || t['network:wikidata'] || t['operator:wikidata'];
 
-           defineRule('points', function isPoint(tags, geometry) {
-               return geometry === 'point';
-           }, 200);
+           if (qid) {
+             classes.push('tag-wikidata');
+           }
 
-           defineRule('traffic_roads', function isTrafficRoad(tags) {
-               return traffic_roads[tags.highway];
-           });
+           return classes.join(' ').trim();
+         };
 
-           defineRule('service_roads', function isServiceRoad(tags) {
-               return service_roads[tags.highway];
-           });
+         tagClasses.tags = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _tags;
+           _tags = val;
+           return tagClasses;
+         };
 
-           defineRule('paths', function isPath(tags) {
-               return paths[tags.highway];
-           });
+         return tagClasses;
+       }
 
-           defineRule('buildings', function isBuilding(tags) {
-               return (
-                   (!!tags.building && tags.building !== 'no') ||
-                   tags.parking === 'multi-storey' ||
-                   tags.parking === 'sheds' ||
-                   tags.parking === 'carports' ||
-                   tags.parking === 'garage_boxes'
-               );
-           }, 250);
-
-           defineRule('building_parts', function isBuildingPart(tags) {
-               return tags['building:part'];
-           });
-
-           defineRule('indoor', function isIndoor(tags) {
-               return tags.indoor;
-           });
-
-           defineRule('landuse', function isLanduse(tags, geometry) {
-               return geometry === 'area' &&
-                   !_rules.buildings.filter(tags) &&
-                   !_rules.building_parts.filter(tags) &&
-                   !_rules.indoor.filter(tags) &&
-                   !_rules.water.filter(tags) &&
-                   !_rules.pistes.filter(tags);
-           });
-
-           defineRule('boundaries', function isBoundary(tags) {
-               return (
-                   !!tags.boundary
-               ) && !(
-                   traffic_roads[tags.highway] ||
-                   service_roads[tags.highway] ||
-                   paths[tags.highway] ||
-                   tags.waterway ||
-                   tags.railway ||
-                   tags.landuse ||
-                   tags.natural ||
-                   tags.building ||
-                   tags.power
-               );
-           });
+       // Patterns only work in Firefox when set directly on element.
+       // (This is not a bug: https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=750632)
+       var patterns = {
+         // tag - pattern name
+         // -or-
+         // tag - value - pattern name
+         // -or-
+         // tag - value - rules (optional tag-values, pattern name)
+         // (matches earlier rules first, so fallback should be last entry)
+         amenity: {
+           grave_yard: 'cemetery',
+           fountain: 'water_standing'
+         },
+         landuse: {
+           cemetery: [{
+             religion: 'christian',
+             pattern: 'cemetery_christian'
+           }, {
+             religion: 'buddhist',
+             pattern: 'cemetery_buddhist'
+           }, {
+             religion: 'muslim',
+             pattern: 'cemetery_muslim'
+           }, {
+             religion: 'jewish',
+             pattern: 'cemetery_jewish'
+           }, {
+             pattern: 'cemetery'
+           }],
+           construction: 'construction',
+           farmland: 'farmland',
+           farmyard: 'farmyard',
+           forest: [{
+             leaf_type: 'broadleaved',
+             pattern: 'forest_broadleaved'
+           }, {
+             leaf_type: 'needleleaved',
+             pattern: 'forest_needleleaved'
+           }, {
+             leaf_type: 'leafless',
+             pattern: 'forest_leafless'
+           }, {
+             pattern: 'forest'
+           } // same as 'leaf_type:mixed'
+           ],
+           grave_yard: 'cemetery',
+           grass: [{
+             golf: 'green',
+             pattern: 'golf_green'
+           }, {
+             pattern: 'grass'
+           }],
+           landfill: 'landfill',
+           meadow: 'meadow',
+           military: 'construction',
+           orchard: 'orchard',
+           quarry: 'quarry',
+           vineyard: 'vineyard'
+         },
+         natural: {
+           beach: 'beach',
+           grassland: 'grass',
+           sand: 'beach',
+           scrub: 'scrub',
+           water: [{
+             water: 'pond',
+             pattern: 'pond'
+           }, {
+             water: 'reservoir',
+             pattern: 'water_standing'
+           }, {
+             pattern: 'waves'
+           }],
+           wetland: [{
+             wetland: 'marsh',
+             pattern: 'wetland_marsh'
+           }, {
+             wetland: 'swamp',
+             pattern: 'wetland_swamp'
+           }, {
+             wetland: 'bog',
+             pattern: 'wetland_bog'
+           }, {
+             wetland: 'reedbed',
+             pattern: 'wetland_reedbed'
+           }, {
+             pattern: 'wetland'
+           }],
+           wood: [{
+             leaf_type: 'broadleaved',
+             pattern: 'forest_broadleaved'
+           }, {
+             leaf_type: 'needleleaved',
+             pattern: 'forest_needleleaved'
+           }, {
+             leaf_type: 'leafless',
+             pattern: 'forest_leafless'
+           }, {
+             pattern: 'forest'
+           } // same as 'leaf_type:mixed'
+           ]
+         },
+         traffic_calming: {
+           island: [{
+             surface: 'grass',
+             pattern: 'grass'
+           }],
+           chicane: [{
+             surface: 'grass',
+             pattern: 'grass'
+           }],
+           choker: [{
+             surface: 'grass',
+             pattern: 'grass'
+           }]
+         }
+       };
+       function svgTagPattern(tags) {
+         // Skip pattern filling if this is a building (buildings don't get patterns applied)
+         if (tags.building && tags.building !== 'no') {
+           return null;
+         }
 
-           defineRule('water', function isWater(tags) {
-               return (
-                   !!tags.waterway ||
-                   tags.natural === 'water' ||
-                   tags.natural === 'coastline' ||
-                   tags.natural === 'bay' ||
-                   tags.landuse === 'pond' ||
-                   tags.landuse === 'basin' ||
-                   tags.landuse === 'reservoir' ||
-                   tags.landuse === 'salt_pond'
-               );
-           });
+         for (var tag in patterns) {
+           var entityValue = tags[tag];
+           if (!entityValue) continue;
 
-           defineRule('rail', function isRail(tags) {
-               return (
-                   !!tags.railway ||
-                   tags.landuse === 'railway'
-               ) && !(
-                   traffic_roads[tags.highway] ||
-                   service_roads[tags.highway] ||
-                   paths[tags.highway]
-               );
-           });
+           if (typeof patterns[tag] === 'string') {
+             // extra short syntax (just tag) - pattern name
+             return 'pattern-' + patterns[tag];
+           } else {
+             var values = patterns[tag];
 
-           defineRule('pistes', function isPiste(tags) {
-               return tags['piste:type'];
-           });
+             for (var value in values) {
+               if (entityValue !== value) continue;
+               var rules = values[value];
 
-           defineRule('aerialways', function isPiste(tags) {
-               return tags.aerialway &&
-                   tags.aerialway !== 'yes' &&
-                   tags.aerialway !== 'station';
-           });
+               if (typeof rules === 'string') {
+                 // short syntax - pattern name
+                 return 'pattern-' + rules;
+               } // long syntax - rule array
 
-           defineRule('power', function isPower(tags) {
-               return !!tags.power;
-           });
 
-           // contains a past/future tag, but not in active use as a road/path/cycleway/etc..
-           defineRule('past_future', function isPastFuture(tags) {
-               if (
-                   traffic_roads[tags.highway] ||
-                   service_roads[tags.highway] ||
-                   paths[tags.highway]
-               ) { return false; }
+               for (var ruleKey in rules) {
+                 var rule = rules[ruleKey];
+                 var pass = true;
+
+                 for (var criterion in rule) {
+                   if (criterion !== 'pattern') {
+                     // reserved for pattern name
+                     // The only rule is a required tag-value pair
+                     var v = tags[criterion];
 
-               var strings = Object.keys(tags);
+                     if (!v || v !== rule[criterion]) {
+                       pass = false;
+                       break;
+                     }
+                   }
+                 }
 
-               for (var i = 0; i < strings.length; i++) {
-                   var s = strings[i];
-                   if (past_futures[s] || past_futures[tags[s]]) { return true; }
+                 if (pass) {
+                   return 'pattern-' + rule.pattern;
+                 }
                }
-               return false;
-           });
+             }
+           }
+         }
 
-           // Lines or areas that don't match another feature filter.
-           // IMPORTANT: The 'others' feature must be the last one defined,
-           //   so that code in getMatches can skip this test if `hasMatch = true`
-           defineRule('others', function isOther(tags, geometry) {
-               return (geometry === 'line' || geometry === 'area');
-           });
+         return null;
+       }
 
+       function svgAreas(projection, context) {
+         function getPatternStyle(tags) {
+           var imageID = svgTagPattern(tags);
 
+           if (imageID) {
+             return 'url("#ideditor-' + imageID + '")';
+           }
 
-           features.features = function() {
-               return _rules;
-           };
+           return '';
+         }
 
+         function drawTargets(selection, graph, entities, filter) {
+           var targetClass = context.getDebug('target') ? 'pink ' : 'nocolor ';
+           var nopeClass = context.getDebug('target') ? 'red ' : 'nocolor ';
+           var getPath = svgPath(projection).geojson;
+           var activeID = context.activeID();
+           var base = context.history().base(); // The targets and nopes will be MultiLineString sub-segments of the ways
 
-           features.keys = function() {
-               return _keys;
+           var data = {
+             targets: [],
+             nopes: []
            };
+           entities.forEach(function (way) {
+             var features = svgSegmentWay(way, graph, activeID);
+             data.targets.push.apply(data.targets, features.passive);
+             data.nopes.push.apply(data.nopes, features.active);
+           }); // Targets allow hover and vertex snapping
 
+           var targetData = data.targets.filter(getPath);
+           var targets = selection.selectAll('.area.target-allowed').filter(function (d) {
+             return filter(d.properties.entity);
+           }).data(targetData, function key(d) {
+             return d.id;
+           }); // exit
 
-           features.enabled = function(k) {
-               if (!arguments.length) {
-                   return _keys.filter(function(k) { return _rules[k].enabled; });
-               }
-               return _rules[k] && _rules[k].enabled;
-           };
+           targets.exit().remove();
 
+           var segmentWasEdited = function segmentWasEdited(d) {
+             var wayID = d.properties.entity.id; // if the whole line was edited, don't draw segment changes
 
-           features.disabled = function(k) {
-               if (!arguments.length) {
-                   return _keys.filter(function(k) { return !_rules[k].enabled; });
-               }
-               return _rules[k] && !_rules[k].enabled;
-           };
+             if (!base.entities[wayID] || !fastDeepEqual(graph.entities[wayID].nodes, base.entities[wayID].nodes)) {
+               return false;
+             }
 
+             return d.properties.nodes.some(function (n) {
+               return !base.entities[n.id] || !fastDeepEqual(graph.entities[n.id].loc, base.entities[n.id].loc);
+             });
+           }; // enter/update
 
-           features.hidden = function(k) {
-               if (!arguments.length) {
-                   return _keys.filter(function(k) { return _rules[k].hidden(); });
-               }
-               return _rules[k] && _rules[k].hidden();
-           };
 
+           targets.enter().append('path').merge(targets).attr('d', getPath).attr('class', function (d) {
+             return 'way area target target-allowed ' + targetClass + d.id;
+           }).classed('segment-edited', segmentWasEdited); // NOPE
 
-           features.autoHidden = function(k) {
-               if (!arguments.length) {
-                   return _keys.filter(function(k) { return _rules[k].autoHidden(); });
-               }
-               return _rules[k] && _rules[k].autoHidden();
-           };
+           var nopeData = data.nopes.filter(getPath);
+           var nopes = selection.selectAll('.area.target-nope').filter(function (d) {
+             return filter(d.properties.entity);
+           }).data(nopeData, function key(d) {
+             return d.id;
+           }); // exit
 
+           nopes.exit().remove(); // enter/update
 
-           features.enable = function(k) {
-               if (_rules[k] && !_rules[k].enabled) {
-                   _rules[k].enable();
-                   update();
-               }
-           };
+           nopes.enter().append('path').merge(nopes).attr('d', getPath).attr('class', function (d) {
+             return 'way area target target-nope ' + nopeClass + d.id;
+           }).classed('segment-edited', segmentWasEdited);
+         }
 
-           features.enableAll = function() {
-               var didEnable = false;
-               for (var k in _rules) {
-                   if (!_rules[k].enabled) {
-                       didEnable = true;
-                       _rules[k].enable();
-                   }
-               }
-               if (didEnable) update();
-           };
+         function drawAreas(selection, graph, entities, filter) {
+           var path = svgPath(projection, graph, true);
+           var areas = {};
+           var multipolygon;
+           var base = context.history().base();
 
+           for (var i = 0; i < entities.length; i++) {
+             var entity = entities[i];
+             if (entity.geometry(graph) !== 'area') continue;
+             multipolygon = osmIsOldMultipolygonOuterMember(entity, graph);
 
-           features.disable = function(k) {
-               if (_rules[k] && _rules[k].enabled) {
-                   _rules[k].disable();
-                   update();
-               }
-           };
+             if (multipolygon) {
+               areas[multipolygon.id] = {
+                 entity: multipolygon.mergeTags(entity.tags),
+                 area: Math.abs(entity.area(graph))
+               };
+             } else if (!areas[entity.id]) {
+               areas[entity.id] = {
+                 entity: entity,
+                 area: Math.abs(entity.area(graph))
+               };
+             }
+           }
 
-           features.disableAll = function() {
-               var didDisable = false;
-               for (var k in _rules) {
-                   if (_rules[k].enabled) {
-                       didDisable = true;
-                       _rules[k].disable();
-                   }
-               }
-               if (didDisable) update();
-           };
+           var fills = Object.values(areas).filter(function hasPath(a) {
+             return path(a.entity);
+           });
+           fills.sort(function areaSort(a, b) {
+             return b.area - a.area;
+           });
+           fills = fills.map(function (a) {
+             return a.entity;
+           });
+           var strokes = fills.filter(function (area) {
+             return area.type === 'way';
+           });
+           var data = {
+             clip: fills,
+             shadow: strokes,
+             stroke: strokes,
+             fill: fills
+           };
+           var clipPaths = context.surface().selectAll('defs').selectAll('.clipPath-osm').filter(filter).data(data.clip, osmEntity.key);
+           clipPaths.exit().remove();
+           var clipPathsEnter = clipPaths.enter().append('clipPath').attr('class', 'clipPath-osm').attr('id', function (entity) {
+             return 'ideditor-' + entity.id + '-clippath';
+           });
+           clipPathsEnter.append('path');
+           clipPaths.merge(clipPathsEnter).selectAll('path').attr('d', path);
+           var drawLayer = selection.selectAll('.layer-osm.areas');
+           var touchLayer = selection.selectAll('.layer-touch.areas'); // Draw areas..
 
+           var areagroup = drawLayer.selectAll('g.areagroup').data(['fill', 'shadow', 'stroke']);
+           areagroup = areagroup.enter().append('g').attr('class', function (d) {
+             return 'areagroup area-' + d;
+           }).merge(areagroup);
+           var paths = areagroup.selectAll('path').filter(filter).data(function (layer) {
+             return data[layer];
+           }, osmEntity.key);
+           paths.exit().remove();
+           var fillpaths = selection.selectAll('.area-fill path.area').nodes();
+           var bisect = d3_bisector(function (node) {
+             return -node.__data__.area(graph);
+           }).left;
 
-           features.toggle = function(k) {
-               if (_rules[k]) {
-                   (function(f) { return f.enabled ? f.disable() : f.enable(); }(_rules[k]));
-                   update();
-               }
-           };
+           function sortedByArea(entity) {
+             if (this._parent.__data__ === 'fill') {
+               return fillpaths[bisect(fillpaths, -entity.area(graph))];
+             }
+           }
 
+           paths = paths.enter().insert('path', sortedByArea).merge(paths).each(function (entity) {
+             var layer = this.parentNode.__data__;
+             this.setAttribute('class', entity.type + ' area ' + layer + ' ' + entity.id);
 
-           features.resetStats = function() {
-               for (var i = 0; i < _keys.length; i++) {
-                   _rules[_keys[i]].count = 0;
-               }
-               dispatch$1.call('change');
-           };
+             if (layer === 'fill') {
+               this.setAttribute('clip-path', 'url(#ideditor-' + entity.id + '-clippath)');
+               this.style.fill = this.style.stroke = getPatternStyle(entity.tags);
+             }
+           }).classed('added', function (d) {
+             return !base.entities[d.id];
+           }).classed('geometry-edited', function (d) {
+             return graph.entities[d.id] && base.entities[d.id] && !fastDeepEqual(graph.entities[d.id].nodes, base.entities[d.id].nodes);
+           }).classed('retagged', function (d) {
+             return graph.entities[d.id] && base.entities[d.id] && !fastDeepEqual(graph.entities[d.id].tags, base.entities[d.id].tags);
+           }).call(svgTagClasses()).attr('d', path); // Draw touch targets..
 
+           touchLayer.call(drawTargets, graph, data.stroke, filter);
+         }
 
-           features.gatherStats = function(d, resolver, dimensions) {
-               var needsRedraw = false;
-               var types = utilArrayGroupBy(d, 'type');
-               var entities = [].concat(types.relation || [], types.way || [], types.node || []);
-               var currHidden, geometry, matches, i, j;
+         return drawAreas;
+       }
 
-               for (i = 0; i < _keys.length; i++) {
-                   _rules[_keys[i]].count = 0;
-               }
+       var fastJsonStableStringify = function fastJsonStableStringify(data, opts) {
+         if (!opts) opts = {};
+         if (typeof opts === 'function') opts = {
+           cmp: opts
+         };
+         var cycles = typeof opts.cycles === 'boolean' ? opts.cycles : false;
+
+         var cmp = opts.cmp && function (f) {
+           return function (node) {
+             return function (a, b) {
+               var aobj = {
+                 key: a,
+                 value: node[a]
+               };
+               var bobj = {
+                 key: b,
+                 value: node[b]
+               };
+               return f(aobj, bobj);
+             };
+           };
+         }(opts.cmp);
 
-               // adjust the threshold for point/building culling based on viewport size..
-               // a _cullFactor of 1 corresponds to a 1000x1000px viewport..
-               _cullFactor = dimensions[0] * dimensions[1] / 1000000;
+         var seen = [];
+         return function stringify(node) {
+           if (node && node.toJSON && typeof node.toJSON === 'function') {
+             node = node.toJSON();
+           }
 
-               for (i = 0; i < entities.length; i++) {
-                   geometry = entities[i].geometry(resolver);
-                   matches = Object.keys(features.getMatches(entities[i], resolver, geometry));
-                   for (j = 0; j < matches.length; j++) {
-                       _rules[matches[j]].count++;
-                   }
-               }
+           if (node === undefined) return;
+           if (typeof node == 'number') return isFinite(node) ? '' + node : 'null';
+           if (_typeof(node) !== 'object') return JSON.stringify(node);
+           var i, out;
 
-               currHidden = features.hidden();
-               if (currHidden !== _hidden) {
-                   _hidden = currHidden;
-                   needsRedraw = true;
-                   dispatch$1.call('change');
-               }
+           if (Array.isArray(node)) {
+             out = '[';
 
-               return needsRedraw;
-           };
+             for (i = 0; i < node.length; i++) {
+               if (i) out += ',';
+               out += stringify(node[i]) || 'null';
+             }
 
+             return out + ']';
+           }
 
-           features.stats = function() {
-               for (var i = 0; i < _keys.length; i++) {
-                   _stats[_keys[i]] = _rules[_keys[i]].count;
-               }
+           if (node === null) return 'null';
 
-               return _stats;
-           };
+           if (seen.indexOf(node) !== -1) {
+             if (cycles) return JSON.stringify('__cycle__');
+             throw new TypeError('Converting circular structure to JSON');
+           }
 
+           var seenIndex = seen.push(node) - 1;
+           var keys = Object.keys(node).sort(cmp && cmp(node));
+           out = '';
 
-           features.clear = function(d) {
-               for (var i = 0; i < d.length; i++) {
-                   features.clearEntity(d[i]);
-               }
-           };
+           for (i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
+             var key = keys[i];
+             var value = stringify(node[key]);
+             if (!value) continue;
+             if (out) out += ',';
+             out += JSON.stringify(key) + ':' + value;
+           }
 
+           seen.splice(seenIndex, 1);
+           return '{' + out + '}';
+         }(data);
+       };
 
-           features.clearEntity = function(entity) {
-               delete _cache[osmEntity.key(entity)];
-           };
+       //[4]           NameStartChar      ::=          ":" | [A-Z] | "_" | [a-z] | [#xC0-#xD6] | [#xD8-#xF6] | [#xF8-#x2FF] | [#x370-#x37D] | [#x37F-#x1FFF] | [#x200C-#x200D] | [#x2070-#x218F] | [#x2C00-#x2FEF] | [#x3001-#xD7FF] | [#xF900-#xFDCF] | [#xFDF0-#xFFFD] | [#x10000-#xEFFFF]
+       //[4a]          NameChar           ::=          NameStartChar | "-" | "." | [0-9] | #xB7 | [#x0300-#x036F] | [#x203F-#x2040]
+       //[5]           Name       ::=          NameStartChar (NameChar)*
+       var nameStartChar = /[A-Z_a-z\xC0-\xD6\xD8-\xF6\u00F8-\u02FF\u0370-\u037D\u037F-\u1FFF\u200C-\u200D\u2070-\u218F\u2C00-\u2FEF\u3001-\uD7FF\uF900-\uFDCF\uFDF0-\uFFFD]/; //\u10000-\uEFFFF
 
+       var nameChar = new RegExp("[\\-\\.0-9" + nameStartChar.source.slice(1, -1) + "\\u00B7\\u0300-\\u036F\\u203F-\\u2040]");
+       var tagNamePattern = new RegExp('^' + nameStartChar.source + nameChar.source + '*(?:\:' + nameStartChar.source + nameChar.source + '*)?$'); //var tagNamePattern = /^[a-zA-Z_][\w\-\.]*(?:\:[a-zA-Z_][\w\-\.]*)?$/
+       //var handlers = 'resolveEntity,getExternalSubset,characters,endDocument,endElement,endPrefixMapping,ignorableWhitespace,processingInstruction,setDocumentLocator,skippedEntity,startDocument,startElement,startPrefixMapping,notationDecl,unparsedEntityDecl,error,fatalError,warning,attributeDecl,elementDecl,externalEntityDecl,internalEntityDecl,comment,endCDATA,endDTD,endEntity,startCDATA,startDTD,startEntity'.split(',')
+       //S_TAG,        S_ATTR, S_EQ,   S_ATTR_NOQUOT_VALUE
+       //S_ATTR_SPACE, S_ATTR_END,     S_TAG_SPACE, S_TAG_CLOSE
 
-           features.reset = function() {
-               Array.from(_deferred).forEach(function(handle) {
-                   window.cancelIdleCallback(handle);
-                   _deferred.delete(handle);
-               });
+       var S_TAG = 0; //tag name offerring
 
-               _cache = {};
-           };
+       var S_ATTR = 1; //attr name offerring 
 
-           // only certain relations are worth checking
-           function relationShouldBeChecked(relation) {
-               // multipolygon features have `area` geometry and aren't checked here
-               return relation.tags.type === 'boundary';
-           }
-
-           features.getMatches = function(entity, resolver, geometry) {
-               if (geometry === 'vertex' ||
-                   (geometry === 'relation' && !relationShouldBeChecked(entity))) return {};
-
-               var ent = osmEntity.key(entity);
-               if (!_cache[ent]) {
-                   _cache[ent] = {};
-               }
-
-               if (!_cache[ent].matches) {
-                   var matches = {};
-                   var hasMatch = false;
-
-                   for (var i = 0; i < _keys.length; i++) {
-                       if (_keys[i] === 'others') {
-                           if (hasMatch) continue;
-
-                           // If an entity...
-                           //   1. is a way that hasn't matched other 'interesting' feature rules,
-                           if (entity.type === 'way') {
-                               var parents = features.getParents(entity, resolver, geometry);
-
-                               //   2a. belongs only to a single multipolygon relation
-                               if ((parents.length === 1 && parents[0].isMultipolygon()) ||
-                                   // 2b. or belongs only to boundary relations
-                                   (parents.length > 0 && parents.every(function(parent) { return parent.tags.type === 'boundary'; }))) {
-
-                                   // ...then match whatever feature rules the parent relation has matched.
-                                   // see #2548, #2887
-                                   //
-                                   // IMPORTANT:
-                                   // For this to work, getMatches must be called on relations before ways.
-                                   //
-                                   var pkey = osmEntity.key(parents[0]);
-                                   if (_cache[pkey] && _cache[pkey].matches) {
-                                       matches = Object.assign({}, _cache[pkey].matches);  // shallow copy
-                                       continue;
-                                   }
-                               }
-                           }
-                       }
+       var S_ATTR_SPACE = 2; //attr name end and space offer
 
-                       if (_rules[_keys[i]].filter(entity.tags, geometry)) {
-                           matches[_keys[i]] = hasMatch = true;
-                       }
-                   }
-                   _cache[ent].matches = matches;
-               }
+       var S_EQ = 3; //=space?
 
-               return _cache[ent].matches;
-           };
+       var S_ATTR_NOQUOT_VALUE = 4; //attr value(no quot value only)
 
+       var S_ATTR_END = 5; //attr value end and no space(quot end)
 
-           features.getParents = function(entity, resolver, geometry) {
-               if (geometry === 'point') return [];
+       var S_TAG_SPACE = 6; //(attr value end || tag end ) && (space offer)
 
-               var ent = osmEntity.key(entity);
-               if (!_cache[ent]) {
-                   _cache[ent] = {};
-               }
+       var S_TAG_CLOSE = 7; //closed el<el />
 
-               if (!_cache[ent].parents) {
-                   var parents = [];
-                   if (geometry === 'vertex') {
-                       parents = resolver.parentWays(entity);
-                   } else {   // 'line', 'area', 'relation'
-                       parents = resolver.parentRelations(entity);
-                   }
-                   _cache[ent].parents = parents;
-               }
-               return _cache[ent].parents;
-           };
+       function XMLReader() {}
 
+       XMLReader.prototype = {
+         parse: function parse(source, defaultNSMap, entityMap) {
+           var domBuilder = this.domBuilder;
+           domBuilder.startDocument();
 
-           features.isHiddenPreset = function(preset, geometry) {
-               if (!_hidden.length) return false;
-               if (!preset.tags) return false;
+           _copy(defaultNSMap, defaultNSMap = {});
 
-               var test = preset.setTags({}, geometry);
-               for (var key in _rules) {
-                   if (_rules[key].filter(test, geometry)) {
-                       if (_hidden.indexOf(key) !== -1) {
-                           return key;
-                       }
-                       return false;
-                   }
-               }
-               return false;
-           };
+           _parse(source, defaultNSMap, entityMap, domBuilder, this.errorHandler);
 
+           domBuilder.endDocument();
+         }
+       };
 
-           features.isHiddenFeature = function(entity, resolver, geometry) {
-               if (!_hidden.length) return false;
-               if (!entity.version) return false;
-               if (_forceVisible[entity.id]) return false;
+       function _parse(source, defaultNSMapCopy, entityMap, domBuilder, errorHandler) {
+         function fixedFromCharCode(code) {
+           // String.prototype.fromCharCode does not supports
+           // > 2 bytes unicode chars directly
+           if (code > 0xffff) {
+             code -= 0x10000;
+             var surrogate1 = 0xd800 + (code >> 10),
+                 surrogate2 = 0xdc00 + (code & 0x3ff);
+             return String.fromCharCode(surrogate1, surrogate2);
+           } else {
+             return String.fromCharCode(code);
+           }
+         }
 
-               var matches = Object.keys(features.getMatches(entity, resolver, geometry));
-               return matches.length && matches.every(function(k) { return features.hidden(k); });
-           };
+         function entityReplacer(a) {
+           var k = a.slice(1, -1);
 
+           if (k in entityMap) {
+             return entityMap[k];
+           } else if (k.charAt(0) === '#') {
+             return fixedFromCharCode(parseInt(k.substr(1).replace('x', '0x')));
+           } else {
+             errorHandler.error('entity not found:' + a);
+             return a;
+           }
+         }
 
-           features.isHiddenChild = function(entity, resolver, geometry) {
-               if (!_hidden.length) return false;
-               if (!entity.version || geometry === 'point') return false;
-               if (_forceVisible[entity.id]) return false;
+         function appendText(end) {
+           //has some bugs
+           if (end > start) {
+             var xt = source.substring(start, end).replace(/&#?\w+;/g, entityReplacer);
+             locator && position(start);
+             domBuilder.characters(xt, 0, end - start);
+             start = end;
+           }
+         }
 
-               var parents = features.getParents(entity, resolver, geometry);
-               if (!parents.length) return false;
+         function position(p, m) {
+           while (p >= lineEnd && (m = linePattern.exec(source))) {
+             lineStart = m.index;
+             lineEnd = lineStart + m[0].length;
+             locator.lineNumber++; //console.log('line++:',locator,startPos,endPos)
+           }
 
-               for (var i = 0; i < parents.length; i++) {
-                   if (!features.isHidden(parents[i], resolver, parents[i].geometry(resolver))) {
-                       return false;
-                   }
-               }
-               return true;
-           };
+           locator.columnNumber = p - lineStart + 1;
+         }
 
+         var lineStart = 0;
+         var lineEnd = 0;
+         var linePattern = /.*(?:\r\n?|\n)|.*$/g;
+         var locator = domBuilder.locator;
+         var parseStack = [{
+           currentNSMap: defaultNSMapCopy
+         }];
+         var closeMap = {};
+         var start = 0;
 
-           features.hasHiddenConnections = function(entity, resolver) {
-               if (!_hidden.length) return false;
+         while (true) {
+           try {
+             var tagStart = source.indexOf('<', start);
 
-               var childNodes, connections;
-               if (entity.type === 'midpoint') {
-                   childNodes = [resolver.entity(entity.edge[0]), resolver.entity(entity.edge[1])];
-                   connections = [];
-               } else {
-                   childNodes = entity.nodes ? resolver.childNodes(entity) : [];
-                   connections = features.getParents(entity, resolver, entity.geometry(resolver));
+             if (tagStart < 0) {
+               if (!source.substr(start).match(/^\s*$/)) {
+                 var doc = domBuilder.doc;
+                 var text = doc.createTextNode(source.substr(start));
+                 doc.appendChild(text);
+                 domBuilder.currentElement = text;
                }
 
-               // gather ways connected to child nodes..
-               connections = childNodes.reduce(function(result, e) {
-                   return resolver.isShared(e) ? utilArrayUnion(result, resolver.parentWays(e)) : result;
-               }, connections);
+               return;
+             }
+
+             if (tagStart > start) {
+               appendText(tagStart);
+             }
 
-               return connections.some(function(e) {
-                   return features.isHidden(e, resolver, e.geometry(resolver));
-               });
-           };
+             switch (source.charAt(tagStart + 1)) {
+               case '/':
+                 var end = source.indexOf('>', tagStart + 3);
+                 var tagName = source.substring(tagStart + 2, end);
+                 var config = parseStack.pop();
 
+                 if (end < 0) {
+                   tagName = source.substring(tagStart + 2).replace(/[\s<].*/, ''); //console.error('#@@@@@@'+tagName)
 
-           features.isHidden = function(entity, resolver, geometry) {
-               if (!_hidden.length) return false;
-               if (!entity.version) return false;
+                   errorHandler.error("end tag name: " + tagName + ' is not complete:' + config.tagName);
+                   end = tagStart + 1 + tagName.length;
+                 } else if (tagName.match(/\s</)) {
+                   tagName = tagName.replace(/[\s<].*/, '');
+                   errorHandler.error("end tag name: " + tagName + ' maybe not complete');
+                   end = tagStart + 1 + tagName.length;
+                 } //console.error(parseStack.length,parseStack)
+                 //console.error(config);
 
-               var fn = (geometry === 'vertex' ? features.isHiddenChild : features.isHiddenFeature);
-               return fn(entity, resolver, geometry);
-           };
 
+                 var localNSMap = config.localNSMap;
+                 var endMatch = config.tagName == tagName;
+                 var endIgnoreCaseMach = endMatch || config.tagName && config.tagName.toLowerCase() == tagName.toLowerCase();
 
-           features.filter = function(d, resolver) {
-               if (!_hidden.length) return d;
+                 if (endIgnoreCaseMach) {
+                   domBuilder.endElement(config.uri, config.localName, tagName);
 
-               var result = [];
-               for (var i = 0; i < d.length; i++) {
-                   var entity = d[i];
-                   if (!features.isHidden(entity, resolver, entity.geometry(resolver))) {
-                       result.push(entity);
+                   if (localNSMap) {
+                     for (var prefix in localNSMap) {
+                       domBuilder.endPrefixMapping(prefix);
+                     }
                    }
-               }
-               return result;
-           };
 
+                   if (!endMatch) {
+                     errorHandler.fatalError("end tag name: " + tagName + ' is not match the current start tagName:' + config.tagName);
+                   }
+                 } else {
+                   parseStack.push(config);
+                 }
 
-           features.forceVisible = function(entityIDs) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return Object.keys(_forceVisible);
+                 end++;
+                 break;
+               // end elment
 
-               _forceVisible = {};
-               for (var i = 0; i < entityIDs.length; i++) {
-                   _forceVisible[entityIDs[i]] = true;
-                   var entity = context.hasEntity(entityIDs[i]);
-                   if (entity && entity.type === 'relation') {
-                       // also show relation members (one level deep)
-                       for (var j in entity.members) {
-                           _forceVisible[entity.members[j].id] = true;
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
-               return features;
-           };
+               case '?':
+                 // <?...?>
+                 locator && position(tagStart);
+                 end = parseInstruction(source, tagStart, domBuilder);
+                 break;
 
+               case '!':
+                 // <!doctype,<![CDATA,<!--
+                 locator && position(tagStart);
+                 end = parseDCC(source, tagStart, domBuilder, errorHandler);
+                 break;
 
-           features.init = function() {
-               var storage = corePreferences('disabled-features');
-               if (storage) {
-                   var storageDisabled = storage.replace(/;/g, ',').split(',');
-                   storageDisabled.forEach(features.disable);
-               }
+               default:
+                 locator && position(tagStart);
+                 var el = new ElementAttributes();
+                 var currentNSMap = parseStack[parseStack.length - 1].currentNSMap; //elStartEnd
 
-               var hash = utilStringQs(window.location.hash);
-               if (hash.disable_features) {
-                   var hashDisabled = hash.disable_features.replace(/;/g, ',').split(',');
-                   hashDisabled.forEach(features.disable);
-               }
-           };
+                 var end = parseElementStartPart(source, tagStart, el, currentNSMap, entityReplacer, errorHandler);
+                 var len = el.length;
 
+                 if (!el.closed && fixSelfClosed(source, end, el.tagName, closeMap)) {
+                   el.closed = true;
 
-           // warm up the feature matching cache upon merging fetched data
-           context.history().on('merge.features', function(newEntities) {
-               if (!newEntities) return;
-               var handle = window.requestIdleCallback(function() {
-                   var graph = context.graph();
-                   var types = utilArrayGroupBy(newEntities, 'type');
-                   // ensure that getMatches is called on relations before ways
-                   var entities = [].concat(types.relation || [], types.way || [], types.node || []);
-                   for (var i = 0; i < entities.length; i++) {
-                       var geometry = entities[i].geometry(graph);
-                       features.getMatches(entities[i], graph, geometry);
+                   if (!entityMap.nbsp) {
+                     errorHandler.warning('unclosed xml attribute');
                    }
-               });
-               _deferred.add(handle);
-           });
-
+                 }
 
-           return features;
-       }
+                 if (locator && len) {
+                   var locator2 = copyLocator(locator, {}); //try{//attribute position fixed
 
-       // Touch targets control which other vertices we can drag a vertex onto.
-       //
-       // - the activeID - nope
-       // - 1 away (adjacent) to the activeID - yes (vertices will be merged)
-       // - 2 away from the activeID - nope (would create a self intersecting segment)
-       // - all others on a linear way - yes
-       // - all others on a closed way - nope (would create a self intersecting polygon)
-       //
-       // returns
-       // 0 = active vertex - no touch/connect
-       // 1 = passive vertex - yes touch/connect
-       // 2 = adjacent vertex - yes but pay attention segmenting a line here
-       //
-       function svgPassiveVertex(node, graph, activeID) {
-           if (!activeID) return 1;
-           if (activeID === node.id) return 0;
+                   for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+                     var a = el[i];
+                     position(a.offset);
+                     a.locator = copyLocator(locator, {});
+                   } //}catch(e){console.error('@@@@@'+e)}
 
-           var parents = graph.parentWays(node);
 
-           var i, j, nodes, isClosed, ix1, ix2, ix3, ix4, max;
+                   domBuilder.locator = locator2;
 
-           for (i = 0; i < parents.length; i++) {
-               nodes = parents[i].nodes;
-               isClosed = parents[i].isClosed();
-               for (j = 0; j < nodes.length; j++) {   // find this vertex, look nearby
-                   if (nodes[j] === node.id) {
-                       ix1 = j - 2;
-                       ix2 = j - 1;
-                       ix3 = j + 1;
-                       ix4 = j + 2;
-
-                       if (isClosed) {  // wraparound if needed
-                           max = nodes.length - 1;
-                           if (ix1 < 0)   ix1 = max + ix1;
-                           if (ix2 < 0)   ix2 = max + ix2;
-                           if (ix3 > max) ix3 = ix3 - max;
-                           if (ix4 > max) ix4 = ix4 - max;
-                       }
+                   if (appendElement(el, domBuilder, currentNSMap)) {
+                     parseStack.push(el);
+                   }
 
-                       if (nodes[ix1] === activeID) return 0;        // no - prevent self intersect
-                       else if (nodes[ix2] === activeID) return 2;   // ok - adjacent
-                       else if (nodes[ix3] === activeID) return 2;   // ok - adjacent
-                       else if (nodes[ix4] === activeID) return 0;   // no - prevent self intersect
-                       else if (isClosed && nodes.indexOf(activeID) !== -1) return 0;  // no - prevent self intersect
+                   domBuilder.locator = locator;
+                 } else {
+                   if (appendElement(el, domBuilder, currentNSMap)) {
+                     parseStack.push(el);
                    }
-               }
-           }
+                 }
 
-           return 1;   // ok
-       }
-
-
-       function svgMarkerSegments(projection, graph, dt,
-                                         shouldReverse,
-                                         bothDirections) {
-           return function(entity) {
-               var i = 0;
-               var offset = dt;
-               var segments = [];
-               var clip = d3_geoIdentity().clipExtent(projection.clipExtent()).stream;
-               var coordinates = graph.childNodes(entity).map(function(n) { return n.loc; });
-               var a, b;
-
-               if (shouldReverse(entity)) {
-                   coordinates.reverse();
-               }
-
-               d3_geoStream({
-                   type: 'LineString',
-                   coordinates: coordinates
-               }, projection.stream(clip({
-                   lineStart: function() {},
-                   lineEnd: function() { a = null; },
-                   point: function(x, y) {
-                       b = [x, y];
-
-                       if (a) {
-                           var span = geoVecLength(a, b) - offset;
-
-                           if (span >= 0) {
-                               var heading = geoVecAngle(a, b);
-                               var dx = dt * Math.cos(heading);
-                               var dy = dt * Math.sin(heading);
-                               var p = [
-                                   a[0] + offset * Math.cos(heading),
-                                   a[1] + offset * Math.sin(heading)
-                               ];
-
-                               // gather coordinates
-                               var coord = [a, p];
-                               for (span -= dt; span >= 0; span -= dt) {
-                                   p = geoVecAdd(p, [dx, dy]);
-                                   coord.push(p);
-                               }
-                               coord.push(b);
-
-                               // generate svg paths
-                               var segment = '';
-                               var j;
-
-                               for (j = 0; j < coord.length; j++) {
-                                   segment += (j === 0 ? 'M' : 'L') + coord[j][0] + ',' + coord[j][1];
-                               }
-                               segments.push({ id: entity.id, index: i++, d: segment });
-
-                               if (bothDirections(entity)) {
-                                   segment = '';
-                                   for (j = coord.length - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
-                                       segment += (j === coord.length - 1 ? 'M' : 'L') + coord[j][0] + ',' + coord[j][1];
-                                   }
-                                   segments.push({ id: entity.id, index: i++, d: segment });
-                               }
-                           }
+                 if (el.uri === 'http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml' && !el.closed) {
+                   end = parseHtmlSpecialContent(source, end, el.tagName, entityReplacer, domBuilder);
+                 } else {
+                   end++;
+                 }
 
-                           offset = -span;
-                       }
+             }
+           } catch (e) {
+             errorHandler.error('element parse error: ' + e); //errorHandler.error('element parse error: '+e);
 
-                       a = b;
-                   }
-               })));
+             end = -1; //throw e;
+           }
 
-               return segments;
-           };
+           if (end > start) {
+             start = end;
+           } else {
+             //TODO: 这里有可能sax回退,有位置错误风险
+             appendText(Math.max(tagStart, start) + 1);
+           }
+         }
        }
 
+       function copyLocator(f, t) {
+         t.lineNumber = f.lineNumber;
+         t.columnNumber = f.columnNumber;
+         return t;
+       }
+       /**
+        * @see #appendElement(source,elStartEnd,el,selfClosed,entityReplacer,domBuilder,parseStack);
+        * @return end of the elementStartPart(end of elementEndPart for selfClosed el)
+        */
 
-       function svgPath(projection, graph, isArea) {
 
-           // Explanation of magic numbers:
-           // "padding" here allows space for strokes to extend beyond the viewport,
-           // so that the stroke isn't drawn along the edge of the viewport when
-           // the shape is clipped.
-           //
-           // When drawing lines, pad viewport by 5px.
-           // When drawing areas, pad viewport by 65px in each direction to allow
-           // for 60px area fill stroke (see ".fill-partial path.fill" css rule)
+       function parseElementStartPart(source, start, el, currentNSMap, entityReplacer, errorHandler) {
+         var attrName;
+         var value;
+         var p = ++start;
+         var s = S_TAG; //status
 
-           var cache = {};
-           var padding = isArea ? 65 : 5;
-           var viewport = projection.clipExtent();
-           var paddedExtent = [
-               [viewport[0][0] - padding, viewport[0][1] - padding],
-               [viewport[1][0] + padding, viewport[1][1] + padding]
-           ];
-           var clip = d3_geoIdentity().clipExtent(paddedExtent).stream;
-           var project = projection.stream;
-           var path = d3_geoPath()
-               .projection({stream: function(output) { return project(clip(output)); }});
-
-           var svgpath = function(entity) {
-               if (entity.id in cache) {
-                   return cache[entity.id];
+         while (true) {
+           var c = source.charAt(p);
+
+           switch (c) {
+             case '=':
+               if (s === S_ATTR) {
+                 //attrName
+                 attrName = source.slice(start, p);
+                 s = S_EQ;
+               } else if (s === S_ATTR_SPACE) {
+                 s = S_EQ;
                } else {
-                   return cache[entity.id] = path(entity.asGeoJSON(graph));
+                 //fatalError: equal must after attrName or space after attrName
+                 throw new Error('attribute equal must after attrName');
                }
-           };
 
-           svgpath.geojson = function(d) {
-               if (d.__featurehash__ !== undefined) {
-                   if (d.__featurehash__ in cache) {
-                       return cache[d.__featurehash__];
+               break;
+
+             case '\'':
+             case '"':
+               if (s === S_EQ || s === S_ATTR //|| s == S_ATTR_SPACE
+               ) {
+                   //equal
+                   if (s === S_ATTR) {
+                     errorHandler.warning('attribute value must after "="');
+                     attrName = source.slice(start, p);
+                   }
+
+                   start = p + 1;
+                   p = source.indexOf(c, start);
+
+                   if (p > 0) {
+                     value = source.slice(start, p).replace(/&#?\w+;/g, entityReplacer);
+                     el.add(attrName, value, start - 1);
+                     s = S_ATTR_END;
                    } else {
-                       return cache[d.__featurehash__] = path(d);
+                     //fatalError: no end quot match
+                     throw new Error('attribute value no end \'' + c + '\' match');
                    }
+                 } else if (s == S_ATTR_NOQUOT_VALUE) {
+                 value = source.slice(start, p).replace(/&#?\w+;/g, entityReplacer); //console.log(attrName,value,start,p)
+
+                 el.add(attrName, value, start); //console.dir(el)
+
+                 errorHandler.warning('attribute "' + attrName + '" missed start quot(' + c + ')!!');
+                 start = p + 1;
+                 s = S_ATTR_END;
                } else {
-                   return path(d);
+                 //fatalError: no equal before
+                 throw new Error('attribute value must after "="');
                }
-           };
 
-           return svgpath;
-       }
+               break;
 
+             case '/':
+               switch (s) {
+                 case S_TAG:
+                   el.setTagName(source.slice(start, p));
 
-       function svgPointTransform(projection) {
-           var svgpoint = function(entity) {
-               // http://jsperf.com/short-array-join
-               var pt = projection(entity.loc);
-               return 'translate(' + pt[0] + ',' + pt[1] + ')';
-           };
+                 case S_ATTR_END:
+                 case S_TAG_SPACE:
+                 case S_TAG_CLOSE:
+                   s = S_TAG_CLOSE;
+                   el.closed = true;
 
-           svgpoint.geojson = function(d) {
-               return svgpoint(d.properties.entity);
-           };
+                 case S_ATTR_NOQUOT_VALUE:
+                 case S_ATTR:
+                 case S_ATTR_SPACE:
+                   break;
+                 //case S_EQ:
 
-           return svgpoint;
-       }
+                 default:
+                   throw new Error("attribute invalid close char('/')");
+               }
 
+               break;
 
-       function svgRelationMemberTags(graph) {
-           return function(entity) {
-               var tags = entity.tags;
-               var shouldCopyMultipolygonTags = !entity.hasInterestingTags();
-               graph.parentRelations(entity).forEach(function(relation) {
-                   var type = relation.tags.type;
-                   if ((type === 'multipolygon' && shouldCopyMultipolygonTags) || type === 'boundary') {
-                       tags = Object.assign({}, relation.tags, tags);
-                   }
-               });
-               return tags;
-           };
-       }
+             case '':
+               //end document
+               //throw new Error('unexpected end of input')
+               errorHandler.error('unexpected end of input');
 
+               if (s == S_TAG) {
+                 el.setTagName(source.slice(start, p));
+               }
 
-       function svgSegmentWay(way, graph, activeID) {
-           // When there is no activeID, we can memoize this expensive computation
-           if (activeID === undefined) {
-               return graph.transient(way, 'waySegments', getWaySegments);
-           } else {
-               return getWaySegments();
-           }
-
-           function getWaySegments() {
-               var isActiveWay = (way.nodes.indexOf(activeID) !== -1);
-               var features = { passive: [], active: [] };
-               var start = {};
-               var end = {};
-               var node, type;
-
-               for (var i = 0; i < way.nodes.length; i++) {
-                   node = graph.entity(way.nodes[i]);
-                   type = svgPassiveVertex(node, graph, activeID);
-                   end = { node: node, type: type };
-
-                   if (start.type !== undefined) {
-                       if (start.node.id === activeID || end.node.id === activeID) ; else if (isActiveWay && (start.type === 2 || end.type === 2)) {   // one adjacent vertex
-                           pushActive(start, end, i);
-                       } else if (start.type === 0 && end.type === 0) {   // both active vertices
-                           pushActive(start, end, i);
-                       } else {
-                           pushPassive(start, end, i);
-                       }
-                   }
+               return p;
 
-                   start = end;
-               }
+             case '>':
+               switch (s) {
+                 case S_TAG:
+                   el.setTagName(source.slice(start, p));
 
-               return features;
+                 case S_ATTR_END:
+                 case S_TAG_SPACE:
+                 case S_TAG_CLOSE:
+                   break;
+                 //normal
 
-               function pushActive(start, end, index) {
-                   features.active.push({
-                       type: 'Feature',
-                       id: way.id + '-' + index + '-nope',
-                       properties: {
-                           nope: true,
-                           target: true,
-                           entity: way,
-                           nodes: [start.node, end.node],
-                           index: index
-                       },
-                       geometry: {
-                           type: 'LineString',
-                           coordinates: [start.node.loc, end.node.loc]
-                       }
-                   });
-               }
+                 case S_ATTR_NOQUOT_VALUE: //Compatible state
 
-               function pushPassive(start, end, index) {
-                   features.passive.push({
-                       type: 'Feature',
-                       id: way.id + '-' + index,
-                       properties: {
-                           target: true,
-                           entity: way,
-                           nodes: [start.node, end.node],
-                           index: index
-                       },
-                       geometry: {
-                           type: 'LineString',
-                           coordinates: [start.node.loc, end.node.loc]
-                       }
-                   });
-               }
-           }
-       }
+                 case S_ATTR:
+                   value = source.slice(start, p);
 
-       function svgTagClasses() {
-           var primaries = [
-               'building', 'highway', 'railway', 'waterway', 'aeroway', 'aerialway',
-               'piste:type', 'boundary', 'power', 'amenity', 'natural', 'landuse',
-               'leisure', 'military', 'place', 'man_made', 'route', 'attraction',
-               'building:part', 'indoor'
-           ];
-           var statuses = [
-               // nonexistent, might be built
-               'proposed', 'planned',
-               // under maintentance or between groundbreaking and opening
-               'construction',
-               // existent but not functional
-               'disused',
-               // dilapidated to nonexistent
-               'abandoned',
-               // nonexistent, still may appear in imagery
-               'dismantled', 'razed', 'demolished', 'obliterated',
-               // existent occasionally, e.g. stormwater drainage basin
-               'intermittent'
-           ];
-           var secondaries = [
-               'oneway', 'bridge', 'tunnel', 'embankment', 'cutting', 'barrier',
-               'surface', 'tracktype', 'footway', 'crossing', 'service', 'sport',
-               'public_transport', 'location', 'parking', 'golf', 'type', 'leisure',
-               'man_made', 'indoor'
-           ];
-           var _tags = function(entity) { return entity.tags; };
-
-
-           var tagClasses = function(selection) {
-               selection.each(function tagClassesEach(entity) {
-                   var value = this.className;
-
-                   if (value.baseVal !== undefined) {
-                       value = value.baseVal;
+                   if (value.slice(-1) === '/') {
+                     el.closed = true;
+                     value = value.slice(0, -1);
                    }
 
-                   var t = _tags(entity);
+                 case S_ATTR_SPACE:
+                   if (s === S_ATTR_SPACE) {
+                     value = attrName;
+                   }
 
-                   var computed = tagClasses.getClassesString(t, value);
+                   if (s == S_ATTR_NOQUOT_VALUE) {
+                     errorHandler.warning('attribute "' + value + '" missed quot(")!!');
+                     el.add(attrName, value.replace(/&#?\w+;/g, entityReplacer), start);
+                   } else {
+                     if (currentNSMap[''] !== 'http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml' || !value.match(/^(?:disabled|checked|selected)$/i)) {
+                       errorHandler.warning('attribute "' + value + '" missed value!! "' + value + '" instead!!');
+                     }
 
-                   if (computed !== value) {
-                       select(this).attr('class', computed);
+                     el.add(value, value, start);
                    }
-               });
-           };
 
+                   break;
 
-           tagClasses.getClassesString = function(t, value) {
-               var primary, status;
-               var i, j, k, v;
+                 case S_EQ:
+                   throw new Error('attribute value missed!!');
+               } //                    console.log(tagName,tagNamePattern,tagNamePattern.test(tagName))
 
-               // in some situations we want to render perimeter strokes a certain way
-               var overrideGeometry;
-               if (/\bstroke\b/.test(value)) {
-                   if (!!t.barrier && t.barrier !== 'no') {
-                       overrideGeometry = 'line';
-                   }
-               }
 
-               // preserve base classes (nothing with `tag-`)
-               var classes = value.trim().split(/\s+/)
-                   .filter(function(klass) {
-                       return klass.length && !/^tag-/.test(klass);
-                   })
-                   .map(function(klass) {  // special overrides for some perimeter strokes
-                       return (klass === 'line' || klass === 'area') ? (overrideGeometry || klass) : klass;
-                   });
+               return p;
 
-               // pick at most one primary classification tag..
-               for (i = 0; i < primaries.length; i++) {
-                   k = primaries[i];
-                   v = t[k];
-                   if (!v || v === 'no') continue;
+             /*xml space '\x20' | #x9 | #xD | #xA; */
 
-                   if (k === 'piste:type') {  // avoid a ':' in the class name
-                       k = 'piste';
-                   } else if (k === 'building:part') {  // avoid a ':' in the class name
-                       k = 'building_part';
-                   }
+             case "\x80":
+               c = ' ';
 
-                   primary = k;
-                   if (statuses.indexOf(v) !== -1) {   // e.g. `railway=abandoned`
-                       status = v;
-                       classes.push('tag-' + k);
-                   } else {
-                       classes.push('tag-' + k);
-                       classes.push('tag-' + k + '-' + v);
-                   }
+             default:
+               if (c <= ' ') {
+                 //space
+                 switch (s) {
+                   case S_TAG:
+                     el.setTagName(source.slice(start, p)); //tagName
 
-                   break;
-               }
+                     s = S_TAG_SPACE;
+                     break;
 
-               if (!primary) {
-                   for (i = 0; i < statuses.length; i++) {
-                       for (j = 0; j < primaries.length; j++) {
-                           k = statuses[i] + ':' + primaries[j];  // e.g. `demolished:building=yes`
-                           v = t[k];
-                           if (!v || v === 'no') continue;
+                   case S_ATTR:
+                     attrName = source.slice(start, p);
+                     s = S_ATTR_SPACE;
+                     break;
 
-                           status = statuses[i];
-                           break;
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
+                   case S_ATTR_NOQUOT_VALUE:
+                     var value = source.slice(start, p).replace(/&#?\w+;/g, entityReplacer);
+                     errorHandler.warning('attribute "' + value + '" missed quot(")!!');
+                     el.add(attrName, value, start);
 
-               // add at most one status tag, only if relates to primary tag..
-               if (!status) {
-                   for (i = 0; i < statuses.length; i++) {
-                       k = statuses[i];
-                       v = t[k];
-                       if (!v || v === 'no') continue;
+                   case S_ATTR_END:
+                     s = S_TAG_SPACE;
+                     break;
+                   //case S_TAG_SPACE:
+                   //case S_EQ:
+                   //case S_ATTR_SPACE:
+                   //  void();break;
+                   //case S_TAG_CLOSE:
+                   //ignore warning
+                 }
+               } else {
+                 //not space
+                 //S_TAG,      S_ATTR, S_EQ,   S_ATTR_NOQUOT_VALUE
+                 //S_ATTR_SPACE,       S_ATTR_END,     S_TAG_SPACE, S_TAG_CLOSE
+                 switch (s) {
+                   //case S_TAG:void();break;
+                   //case S_ATTR:void();break;
+                   //case S_ATTR_NOQUOT_VALUE:void();break;
+                   case S_ATTR_SPACE:
+                     el.tagName;
+
+                     if (currentNSMap[''] !== 'http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml' || !attrName.match(/^(?:disabled|checked|selected)$/i)) {
+                       errorHandler.warning('attribute "' + attrName + '" missed value!! "' + attrName + '" instead2!!');
+                     }
 
-                       if (v === 'yes') {   // e.g. `railway=rail + abandoned=yes`
-                           status = k;
-                       }
-                       else if (primary && primary === v) {  // e.g. `railway=rail + abandoned=railway`
-                           status = k;
-                       } else if (!primary && primaries.indexOf(v) !== -1) {  // e.g. `abandoned=railway`
-                           status = k;
-                           primary = v;
-                           classes.push('tag-' + v);
-                       }  // else ignore e.g.  `highway=path + abandoned=railway`
-
-                       if (status) break;
-                   }
-               }
+                     el.add(attrName, attrName, start);
+                     start = p;
+                     s = S_ATTR;
+                     break;
 
-               if (status) {
-                   classes.push('tag-status');
-                   classes.push('tag-status-' + status);
-               }
+                   case S_ATTR_END:
+                     errorHandler.warning('attribute space is required"' + attrName + '"!!');
 
-               // add any secondary tags
-               for (i = 0; i < secondaries.length; i++) {
-                   k = secondaries[i];
-                   v = t[k];
-                   if (!v || v === 'no' || k === primary) continue;
-                   classes.push('tag-' + k);
-                   classes.push('tag-' + k + '-' + v);
-               }
+                   case S_TAG_SPACE:
+                     s = S_ATTR;
+                     start = p;
+                     break;
 
-               // For highways, look for surface tagging..
-               if ((primary === 'highway' && !osmPathHighwayTagValues[t.highway]) || primary === 'aeroway') {
-                   var surface = t.highway === 'track' ? 'unpaved' : 'paved';
-                   for (k in t) {
-                       v = t[k];
-                       if (k in osmPavedTags) {
-                           surface = osmPavedTags[k][v] ? 'paved' : 'unpaved';
-                       }
-                       if (k in osmSemipavedTags && !!osmSemipavedTags[k][v]) {
-                           surface = 'semipaved';
-                       }
-                   }
-                   classes.push('tag-' + surface);
-               }
+                   case S_EQ:
+                     s = S_ATTR_NOQUOT_VALUE;
+                     start = p;
+                     break;
 
-               // If this is a wikidata-tagged item, add a class for that..
-               if (t.wikidata || t['brand:wikidata']) {
-                   classes.push('tag-wikidata');
+                   case S_TAG_CLOSE:
+                     throw new Error("elements closed character '/' and '>' must be connected to");
+                 }
                }
 
-               return classes.join(' ').trim();
-           };
-
+           } //end outer switch
+           //console.log('p++',p)
 
-           tagClasses.tags = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _tags;
-               _tags = val;
-               return tagClasses;
-           };
 
-           return tagClasses;
+           p++;
+         }
        }
+       /**
+        * @return true if has new namespace define
+        */
 
-       // Patterns only work in Firefox when set directly on element.
-       // (This is not a bug: https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=750632)
-       var patterns = {
-           // tag - pattern name
-           // -or-
-           // tag - value - pattern name
-           // -or-
-           // tag - value - rules (optional tag-values, pattern name)
-           // (matches earlier rules first, so fallback should be last entry)
-           amenity: {
-               grave_yard: 'cemetery',
-               fountain: 'water_standing'
-           },
-           landuse: {
-               cemetery: [
-                   { religion: 'christian', pattern: 'cemetery_christian' },
-                   { religion: 'buddhist', pattern: 'cemetery_buddhist' },
-                   { religion: 'muslim', pattern: 'cemetery_muslim' },
-                   { religion: 'jewish', pattern: 'cemetery_jewish' },
-                   { pattern: 'cemetery' }
-               ],
-               construction: 'construction',
-               farmland: 'farmland',
-               farmyard: 'farmyard',
-               forest: [
-                   { leaf_type: 'broadleaved', pattern: 'forest_broadleaved' },
-                   { leaf_type: 'needleleaved', pattern: 'forest_needleleaved' },
-                   { leaf_type: 'leafless', pattern: 'forest_leafless' },
-                   { pattern: 'forest' } // same as 'leaf_type:mixed'
-               ],
-               grave_yard: 'cemetery',
-               grass: [
-                   { golf: 'green', pattern: 'golf_green' },
-                   { pattern: 'grass' },
-               ],
-               landfill: 'landfill',
-               meadow: 'meadow',
-               military: 'construction',
-               orchard: 'orchard',
-               quarry: 'quarry',
-               vineyard: 'vineyard'
-           },
-           natural: {
-               beach: 'beach',
-               grassland: 'grass',
-               sand: 'beach',
-               scrub: 'scrub',
-               water: [
-                   { water: 'pond', pattern: 'pond' },
-                   { water: 'reservoir', pattern: 'water_standing' },
-                   { pattern: 'waves' }
-               ],
-               wetland: [
-                   { wetland: 'marsh', pattern: 'wetland_marsh' },
-                   { wetland: 'swamp', pattern: 'wetland_swamp' },
-                   { wetland: 'bog', pattern: 'wetland_bog' },
-                   { wetland: 'reedbed', pattern: 'wetland_reedbed' },
-                   { pattern: 'wetland' }
-               ],
-               wood: [
-                   { leaf_type: 'broadleaved', pattern: 'forest_broadleaved' },
-                   { leaf_type: 'needleleaved', pattern: 'forest_needleleaved' },
-                   { leaf_type: 'leafless', pattern: 'forest_leafless' },
-                   { pattern: 'forest' } // same as 'leaf_type:mixed'
-               ]
-           },
-           traffic_calming: {
-               island: [
-                   { surface: 'grass', pattern: 'grass' },
-               ],
-               chicane: [
-                   { surface: 'grass', pattern: 'grass' },
-               ],
-               choker: [
-                   { surface: 'grass', pattern: 'grass' },
-               ]
-           }
-       };
 
-       function svgTagPattern(tags) {
-           // Skip pattern filling if this is a building (buildings don't get patterns applied)
-           if (tags.building && tags.building !== 'no') {
-               return null;
-           }
+       function appendElement(el, domBuilder, currentNSMap) {
+         var tagName = el.tagName;
+         var localNSMap = null; //var currentNSMap = parseStack[parseStack.length-1].currentNSMap;
 
-           for (var tag in patterns) {
-               var entityValue = tags[tag];
-               if (!entityValue) continue;
+         var i = el.length;
 
-               if (typeof patterns[tag] === 'string') { // extra short syntax (just tag) - pattern name
-                   return 'pattern-' + patterns[tag];
-               } else {
-                   var values = patterns[tag];
-                   for (var value in values) {
-                       if (entityValue !== value) continue;
+         while (i--) {
+           var a = el[i];
+           var qName = a.qName;
+           var value = a.value;
+           var nsp = qName.indexOf(':');
 
-                       var rules = values[value];
-                       if (typeof rules === 'string') { // short syntax - pattern name
-                           return 'pattern-' + rules;
-                       }
+           if (nsp > 0) {
+             var prefix = a.prefix = qName.slice(0, nsp);
+             var localName = qName.slice(nsp + 1);
+             var nsPrefix = prefix === 'xmlns' && localName;
+           } else {
+             localName = qName;
+             prefix = null;
+             nsPrefix = qName === 'xmlns' && '';
+           } //can not set prefix,because prefix !== ''
 
-                       // long syntax - rule array
-                       for (var ruleKey in rules) {
-                           var rule = rules[ruleKey];
-
-                           var pass = true;
-                           for (var criterion in rule) {
-                               if (criterion !== 'pattern') { // reserved for pattern name
-                                   // The only rule is a required tag-value pair
-                                   var v = tags[criterion];
-                                   if (!v || v !== rule[criterion]) {
-                                       pass = false;
-                                       break;
-                                   }
-                               }
-                           }
 
-                           if (pass) {
-                               return 'pattern-' + rule.pattern;
-                           }
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
-           }
+           a.localName = localName; //prefix == null for no ns prefix attribute 
 
-           return null;
-       }
+           if (nsPrefix !== false) {
+             //hack!!
+             if (localNSMap == null) {
+               localNSMap = {}; //console.log(currentNSMap,0)
 
-       function svgAreas(projection, context) {
+               _copy(currentNSMap, currentNSMap = {}); //console.log(currentNSMap,1)
 
+             }
 
-           function getPatternStyle(tags) {
-               var imageID = svgTagPattern(tags);
-               if (imageID) {
-                   return 'url("#ideditor-' + imageID + '")';
-               }
-               return '';
+             currentNSMap[nsPrefix] = localNSMap[nsPrefix] = value;
+             a.uri = 'http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/';
+             domBuilder.startPrefixMapping(nsPrefix, value);
            }
+         }
 
+         var i = el.length;
 
-           function drawTargets(selection, graph, entities, filter) {
-               var targetClass = context.getDebug('target') ? 'pink ' : 'nocolor ';
-               var nopeClass = context.getDebug('target') ? 'red ' : 'nocolor ';
-               var getPath = svgPath(projection).geojson;
-               var activeID = context.activeID();
-               var base = context.history().base();
-
-               // The targets and nopes will be MultiLineString sub-segments of the ways
-               var data = { targets: [], nopes: [] };
+         while (i--) {
+           a = el[i];
+           var prefix = a.prefix;
 
-               entities.forEach(function(way) {
-                   var features = svgSegmentWay(way, graph, activeID);
-                   data.targets.push.apply(data.targets, features.passive);
-                   data.nopes.push.apply(data.nopes, features.active);
-               });
+           if (prefix) {
+             //no prefix attribute has no namespace
+             if (prefix === 'xml') {
+               a.uri = 'http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace';
+             }
 
+             if (prefix !== 'xmlns') {
+               a.uri = currentNSMap[prefix || '']; //{console.log('###'+a.qName,domBuilder.locator.systemId+'',currentNSMap,a.uri)}
+             }
+           }
+         }
 
-               // Targets allow hover and vertex snapping
-               var targetData = data.targets.filter(getPath);
-               var targets = selection.selectAll('.area.target-allowed')
-                   .filter(function(d) { return filter(d.properties.entity); })
-                   .data(targetData, function key(d) { return d.id; });
+         var nsp = tagName.indexOf(':');
 
-               // exit
-               targets.exit()
-                   .remove();
+         if (nsp > 0) {
+           prefix = el.prefix = tagName.slice(0, nsp);
+           localName = el.localName = tagName.slice(nsp + 1);
+         } else {
+           prefix = null; //important!!
 
-               var segmentWasEdited = function(d) {
-                   var wayID = d.properties.entity.id;
-                   // if the whole line was edited, don't draw segment changes
-                   if (!base.entities[wayID] ||
-                       !fastDeepEqual(graph.entities[wayID].nodes, base.entities[wayID].nodes)) {
-                       return false;
-                   }
-                   return d.properties.nodes.some(function(n) {
-                       return !base.entities[n.id] ||
-                              !fastDeepEqual(graph.entities[n.id].loc, base.entities[n.id].loc);
-                   });
-               };
+           localName = el.localName = tagName;
+         } //no prefix element has default namespace
 
-               // enter/update
-               targets.enter()
-                   .append('path')
-                   .merge(targets)
-                   .attr('d', getPath)
-                   .attr('class', function(d) { return 'way area target target-allowed ' + targetClass + d.id; })
-                   .classed('segment-edited', segmentWasEdited);
-
-
-               // NOPE
-               var nopeData = data.nopes.filter(getPath);
-               var nopes = selection.selectAll('.area.target-nope')
-                   .filter(function(d) { return filter(d.properties.entity); })
-                   .data(nopeData, function key(d) { return d.id; });
-
-               // exit
-               nopes.exit()
-                   .remove();
-
-               // enter/update
-               nopes.enter()
-                   .append('path')
-                   .merge(nopes)
-                   .attr('d', getPath)
-                   .attr('class', function(d) { return 'way area target target-nope ' + nopeClass + d.id; })
-                   .classed('segment-edited', segmentWasEdited);
-           }
-
-
-           function drawAreas(selection, graph, entities, filter) {
-               var path = svgPath(projection, graph, true);
-               var areas = {};
-               var multipolygon;
-               var base = context.history().base();
-
-               for (var i = 0; i < entities.length; i++) {
-                   var entity = entities[i];
-                   if (entity.geometry(graph) !== 'area') continue;
-
-                   multipolygon = osmIsOldMultipolygonOuterMember(entity, graph);
-                   if (multipolygon) {
-                       areas[multipolygon.id] = {
-                           entity: multipolygon.mergeTags(entity.tags),
-                           area: Math.abs(entity.area(graph))
-                       };
-                   } else if (!areas[entity.id]) {
-                       areas[entity.id] = {
-                           entity: entity,
-                           area: Math.abs(entity.area(graph))
-                       };
-                   }
-               }
 
-               var fills = Object.values(areas).filter(function hasPath(a) { return path(a.entity); });
-               fills.sort(function areaSort(a, b) { return b.area - a.area; });
-               fills = fills.map(function(a) { return a.entity; });
+         var ns = el.uri = currentNSMap[prefix || ''];
+         domBuilder.startElement(ns, localName, tagName, el); //endPrefixMapping and startPrefixMapping have not any help for dom builder
+         //localNSMap = null
 
-               var strokes = fills.filter(function(area) { return area.type === 'way'; });
+         if (el.closed) {
+           domBuilder.endElement(ns, localName, tagName);
 
-               var data = {
-                   clip: fills,
-                   shadow: strokes,
-                   stroke: strokes,
-                   fill: fills
-               };
+           if (localNSMap) {
+             for (prefix in localNSMap) {
+               domBuilder.endPrefixMapping(prefix);
+             }
+           }
+         } else {
+           el.currentNSMap = currentNSMap;
+           el.localNSMap = localNSMap; //parseStack.push(el);
 
-               var clipPaths = context.surface().selectAll('defs').selectAll('.clipPath-osm')
-                  .filter(filter)
-                  .data(data.clip, osmEntity.key);
+           return true;
+         }
+       }
 
-               clipPaths.exit()
-                  .remove();
+       function parseHtmlSpecialContent(source, elStartEnd, tagName, entityReplacer, domBuilder) {
+         if (/^(?:script|textarea)$/i.test(tagName)) {
+           var elEndStart = source.indexOf('</' + tagName + '>', elStartEnd);
+           var text = source.substring(elStartEnd + 1, elEndStart);
 
-               var clipPathsEnter = clipPaths.enter()
-                  .append('clipPath')
-                  .attr('class', 'clipPath-osm')
-                  .attr('id', function(entity) { return 'ideditor-' + entity.id + '-clippath'; });
+           if (/[&<]/.test(text)) {
+             if (/^script$/i.test(tagName)) {
+               //if(!/\]\]>/.test(text)){
+               //lexHandler.startCDATA();
+               domBuilder.characters(text, 0, text.length); //lexHandler.endCDATA();
 
-               clipPathsEnter
-                  .append('path');
+               return elEndStart; //}
+             } //}else{//text area
 
-               clipPaths.merge(clipPathsEnter)
-                  .selectAll('path')
-                  .attr('d', path);
 
+             text = text.replace(/&#?\w+;/g, entityReplacer);
+             domBuilder.characters(text, 0, text.length);
+             return elEndStart; //}
+           }
+         }
 
-               var drawLayer = selection.selectAll('.layer-osm.areas');
-               var touchLayer = selection.selectAll('.layer-touch.areas');
+         return elStartEnd + 1;
+       }
 
-               // Draw areas..
-               var areagroup = drawLayer
-                   .selectAll('g.areagroup')
-                   .data(['fill', 'shadow', 'stroke']);
+       function fixSelfClosed(source, elStartEnd, tagName, closeMap) {
+         //if(tagName in closeMap){
+         var pos = closeMap[tagName];
 
-               areagroup = areagroup.enter()
-                   .append('g')
-                   .attr('class', function(d) { return 'areagroup area-' + d; })
-                   .merge(areagroup);
+         if (pos == null) {
+           //console.log(tagName)
+           pos = source.lastIndexOf('</' + tagName + '>');
 
-               var paths = areagroup
-                   .selectAll('path')
-                   .filter(filter)
-                   .data(function(layer) { return data[layer]; }, osmEntity.key);
+           if (pos < elStartEnd) {
+             //忘记闭合
+             pos = source.lastIndexOf('</' + tagName);
+           }
 
-               paths.exit()
-                   .remove();
+           closeMap[tagName] = pos;
+         }
 
+         return pos < elStartEnd; //} 
+       }
 
-               var fillpaths = selection.selectAll('.area-fill path.area').nodes();
-               var bisect = d3_bisector(function(node) { return -node.__data__.area(graph); }).left;
+       function _copy(source, target) {
+         for (var n in source) {
+           target[n] = source[n];
+         }
+       }
 
-               function sortedByArea(entity) {
-                   if (this._parent.__data__ === 'fill') {
-                       return fillpaths[bisect(fillpaths, -entity.area(graph))];
-                   }
-               }
+       function parseDCC(source, start, domBuilder, errorHandler) {
+         //sure start with '<!'
+         var next = source.charAt(start + 2);
 
-               paths = paths.enter()
-                   .insert('path', sortedByArea)
-                   .merge(paths)
-                   .each(function(entity) {
-                       var layer = this.parentNode.__data__;
-                       this.setAttribute('class', entity.type + ' area ' + layer + ' ' + entity.id);
+         switch (next) {
+           case '-':
+             if (source.charAt(start + 3) === '-') {
+               var end = source.indexOf('-->', start + 4); //append comment source.substring(4,end)//<!--
 
-                       if (layer === 'fill') {
-                           this.setAttribute('clip-path', 'url(#ideditor-' + entity.id + '-clippath)');
-                           this.style.fill = this.style.stroke = getPatternStyle(entity.tags);
-                       }
-                   })
-                   .classed('added', function(d) {
-                       return !base.entities[d.id];
-                   })
-                   .classed('geometry-edited', function(d) {
-                       return graph.entities[d.id] &&
-                           base.entities[d.id] &&
-                           !fastDeepEqual(graph.entities[d.id].nodes, base.entities[d.id].nodes);
-                   })
-                   .classed('retagged', function(d) {
-                       return graph.entities[d.id] &&
-                           base.entities[d.id] &&
-                           !fastDeepEqual(graph.entities[d.id].tags, base.entities[d.id].tags);
-                   })
-                   .call(svgTagClasses())
-                   .attr('d', path);
+               if (end > start) {
+                 domBuilder.comment(source, start + 4, end - start - 4);
+                 return end + 3;
+               } else {
+                 errorHandler.error("Unclosed comment");
+                 return -1;
+               }
+             } else {
+               //error
+               return -1;
+             }
 
+           default:
+             if (source.substr(start + 3, 6) == 'CDATA[') {
+               var end = source.indexOf(']]>', start + 9);
+               domBuilder.startCDATA();
+               domBuilder.characters(source, start + 9, end - start - 9);
+               domBuilder.endCDATA();
+               return end + 3;
+             } //<!DOCTYPE
+             //startDTD(java.lang.String name, java.lang.String publicId, java.lang.String systemId) 
 
-               // Draw touch targets..
-               touchLayer
-                   .call(drawTargets, graph, data.stroke, filter);
-           }
 
-           return drawAreas;
-       }
+             var matchs = split(source, start);
+             var len = matchs.length;
 
-       //[4]           NameStartChar      ::=          ":" | [A-Z] | "_" | [a-z] | [#xC0-#xD6] | [#xD8-#xF6] | [#xF8-#x2FF] | [#x370-#x37D] | [#x37F-#x1FFF] | [#x200C-#x200D] | [#x2070-#x218F] | [#x2C00-#x2FEF] | [#x3001-#xD7FF] | [#xF900-#xFDCF] | [#xFDF0-#xFFFD] | [#x10000-#xEFFFF]
-       //[4a]          NameChar           ::=          NameStartChar | "-" | "." | [0-9] | #xB7 | [#x0300-#x036F] | [#x203F-#x2040]
-       //[5]           Name       ::=          NameStartChar (NameChar)*
-       var nameStartChar = /[A-Z_a-z\xC0-\xD6\xD8-\xF6\u00F8-\u02FF\u0370-\u037D\u037F-\u1FFF\u200C-\u200D\u2070-\u218F\u2C00-\u2FEF\u3001-\uD7FF\uF900-\uFDCF\uFDF0-\uFFFD]/;//\u10000-\uEFFFF
-       var nameChar = new RegExp("[\\-\\.0-9"+nameStartChar.source.slice(1,-1)+"\\u00B7\\u0300-\\u036F\\u203F-\\u2040]");
-       var tagNamePattern = new RegExp('^'+nameStartChar.source+nameChar.source+'*(?:\:'+nameStartChar.source+nameChar.source+'*)?$');
-       //var tagNamePattern = /^[a-zA-Z_][\w\-\.]*(?:\:[a-zA-Z_][\w\-\.]*)?$/
-       //var handlers = 'resolveEntity,getExternalSubset,characters,endDocument,endElement,endPrefixMapping,ignorableWhitespace,processingInstruction,setDocumentLocator,skippedEntity,startDocument,startElement,startPrefixMapping,notationDecl,unparsedEntityDecl,error,fatalError,warning,attributeDecl,elementDecl,externalEntityDecl,internalEntityDecl,comment,endCDATA,endDTD,endEntity,startCDATA,startDTD,startEntity'.split(',')
+             if (len > 1 && /!doctype/i.test(matchs[0][0])) {
+               var name = matchs[1][0];
+               var pubid = len > 3 && /^public$/i.test(matchs[2][0]) && matchs[3][0];
+               var sysid = len > 4 && matchs[4][0];
+               var lastMatch = matchs[len - 1];
+               domBuilder.startDTD(name, pubid && pubid.replace(/^(['"])(.*?)\1$/, '$2'), sysid && sysid.replace(/^(['"])(.*?)\1$/, '$2'));
+               domBuilder.endDTD();
+               return lastMatch.index + lastMatch[0].length;
+             }
 
-       //S_TAG,        S_ATTR, S_EQ,   S_ATTR_NOQUOT_VALUE
-       //S_ATTR_SPACE, S_ATTR_END,     S_TAG_SPACE, S_TAG_CLOSE
-       var S_TAG = 0;//tag name offerring
-       var S_ATTR = 1;//attr name offerring 
-       var S_ATTR_SPACE=2;//attr name end and space offer
-       var S_EQ = 3;//=space?
-       var S_ATTR_NOQUOT_VALUE = 4;//attr value(no quot value only)
-       var S_ATTR_END = 5;//attr value end and no space(quot end)
-       var S_TAG_SPACE = 6;//(attr value end || tag end ) && (space offer)
-       var S_TAG_CLOSE = 7;//closed el<el />
+         }
 
-       function XMLReader(){
-               
+         return -1;
        }
 
-       XMLReader.prototype = {
-               parse:function(source,defaultNSMap,entityMap){
-                       var domBuilder = this.domBuilder;
-                       domBuilder.startDocument();
-                       _copy(defaultNSMap ,defaultNSMap = {});
-                       parse(source,defaultNSMap,entityMap,
-                                       domBuilder,this.errorHandler);
-                       domBuilder.endDocument();
-               }
-       };
-       function parse(source,defaultNSMapCopy,entityMap,domBuilder,errorHandler){
-               function fixedFromCharCode(code) {
-                       // String.prototype.fromCharCode does not supports
-                       // > 2 bytes unicode chars directly
-                       if (code > 0xffff) {
-                               code -= 0x10000;
-                               var surrogate1 = 0xd800 + (code >> 10)
-                                       , surrogate2 = 0xdc00 + (code & 0x3ff);
-
-                               return String.fromCharCode(surrogate1, surrogate2);
-                       } else {
-                               return String.fromCharCode(code);
-                       }
-               }
-               function entityReplacer(a){
-                       var k = a.slice(1,-1);
-                       if(k in entityMap){
-                               return entityMap[k]; 
-                       }else if(k.charAt(0) === '#'){
-                               return fixedFromCharCode(parseInt(k.substr(1).replace('x','0x')))
-                       }else {
-                               errorHandler.error('entity not found:'+a);
-                               return a;
-                       }
-               }
-               function appendText(end){//has some bugs
-                       if(end>start){
-                               var xt = source.substring(start,end).replace(/&#?\w+;/g,entityReplacer);
-                               locator&&position(start);
-                               domBuilder.characters(xt,0,end-start);
-                               start = end;
-                       }
-               }
-               function position(p,m){
-                       while(p>=lineEnd && (m = linePattern.exec(source))){
-                               lineStart = m.index;
-                               lineEnd = lineStart + m[0].length;
-                               locator.lineNumber++;
-                               //console.log('line++:',locator,startPos,endPos)
-                       }
-                       locator.columnNumber = p-lineStart+1;
-               }
-               var lineStart = 0;
-               var lineEnd = 0;
-               var linePattern = /.*(?:\r\n?|\n)|.*$/g;
-               var locator = domBuilder.locator;
-               
-               var parseStack = [{currentNSMap:defaultNSMapCopy}];
-               var closeMap = {};
-               var start = 0;
-               while(true){
-                       try{
-                               var tagStart = source.indexOf('<',start);
-                               if(tagStart<0){
-                                       if(!source.substr(start).match(/^\s*$/)){
-                                               var doc = domBuilder.doc;
-                                       var text = doc.createTextNode(source.substr(start));
-                                       doc.appendChild(text);
-                                       domBuilder.currentElement = text;
-                                       }
-                                       return;
-                               }
-                               if(tagStart>start){
-                                       appendText(tagStart);
-                               }
-                               switch(source.charAt(tagStart+1)){
-                               case '/':
-                                       var end = source.indexOf('>',tagStart+3);
-                                       var tagName = source.substring(tagStart+2,end);
-                                       var config = parseStack.pop();
-                                       if(end<0){
-                                               
-                                       tagName = source.substring(tagStart+2).replace(/[\s<].*/,'');
-                                       //console.error('#@@@@@@'+tagName)
-                                       errorHandler.error("end tag name: "+tagName+' is not complete:'+config.tagName);
-                                       end = tagStart+1+tagName.length;
-                               }else if(tagName.match(/\s</)){
-                                       tagName = tagName.replace(/[\s<].*/,'');
-                                       errorHandler.error("end tag name: "+tagName+' maybe not complete');
-                                       end = tagStart+1+tagName.length;
-                                       }
-                                       //console.error(parseStack.length,parseStack)
-                                       //console.error(config);
-                                       var localNSMap = config.localNSMap;
-                                       var endMatch = config.tagName == tagName;
-                                       var endIgnoreCaseMach = endMatch || config.tagName&&config.tagName.toLowerCase() == tagName.toLowerCase();
-                               if(endIgnoreCaseMach){
-                                       domBuilder.endElement(config.uri,config.localName,tagName);
-                                               if(localNSMap){
-                                                       for(var prefix in localNSMap){
-                                                               domBuilder.endPrefixMapping(prefix) ;
-                                                       }
-                                               }
-                                               if(!endMatch){
-                                       errorHandler.fatalError("end tag name: "+tagName+' is not match the current start tagName:'+config.tagName );
-                                               }
-                               }else {
-                                       parseStack.push(config);
-                               }
-                                       
-                                       end++;
-                                       break;
-                                       // end elment
-                               case '?':// <?...?>
-                                       locator&&position(tagStart);
-                                       end = parseInstruction(source,tagStart,domBuilder);
-                                       break;
-                               case '!':// <!doctype,<![CDATA,<!--
-                                       locator&&position(tagStart);
-                                       end = parseDCC(source,tagStart,domBuilder,errorHandler);
-                                       break;
-                               default:
-                                       locator&&position(tagStart);
-                                       var el = new ElementAttributes();
-                                       var currentNSMap = parseStack[parseStack.length-1].currentNSMap;
-                                       //elStartEnd
-                                       var end = parseElementStartPart(source,tagStart,el,currentNSMap,entityReplacer,errorHandler);
-                                       var len = el.length;
-                                       
-                                       
-                                       if(!el.closed && fixSelfClosed(source,end,el.tagName,closeMap)){
-                                               el.closed = true;
-                                               if(!entityMap.nbsp){
-                                                       errorHandler.warning('unclosed xml attribute');
-                                               }
-                                       }
-                                       if(locator && len){
-                                               var locator2 = copyLocator(locator,{});
-                                               //try{//attribute position fixed
-                                               for(var i = 0;i<len;i++){
-                                                       var a = el[i];
-                                                       position(a.offset);
-                                                       a.locator = copyLocator(locator,{});
-                                               }
-                                               //}catch(e){console.error('@@@@@'+e)}
-                                               domBuilder.locator = locator2;
-                                               if(appendElement(el,domBuilder,currentNSMap)){
-                                                       parseStack.push(el);
-                                               }
-                                               domBuilder.locator = locator;
-                                       }else {
-                                               if(appendElement(el,domBuilder,currentNSMap)){
-                                                       parseStack.push(el);
-                                               }
-                                       }
-                                       
-                                       
-                                       
-                                       if(el.uri === 'http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml' && !el.closed){
-                                               end = parseHtmlSpecialContent(source,end,el.tagName,entityReplacer,domBuilder);
-                                       }else {
-                                               end++;
-                                       }
-                               }
-                       }catch(e){
-                               errorHandler.error('element parse error: '+e);
-                               //errorHandler.error('element parse error: '+e);
-                               end = -1;
-                               //throw e;
-                       }
-                       if(end>start){
-                               start = end;
-                       }else {
-                               //TODO: 这里有可能sax回退,有位置错误风险
-                               appendText(Math.max(tagStart,start)+1);
-                       }
-               }
-       }
-       function copyLocator(f,t){
-               t.lineNumber = f.lineNumber;
-               t.columnNumber = f.columnNumber;
-               return t;
-       }
+       function parseInstruction(source, start, domBuilder) {
+         var end = source.indexOf('?>', start);
 
-       /**
-        * @see #appendElement(source,elStartEnd,el,selfClosed,entityReplacer,domBuilder,parseStack);
-        * @return end of the elementStartPart(end of elementEndPart for selfClosed el)
-        */
-       function parseElementStartPart(source,start,el,currentNSMap,entityReplacer,errorHandler){
-               var attrName;
-               var value;
-               var p = ++start;
-               var s = S_TAG;//status
-               while(true){
-                       var c = source.charAt(p);
-                       switch(c){
-                       case '=':
-                               if(s === S_ATTR){//attrName
-                                       attrName = source.slice(start,p);
-                                       s = S_EQ;
-                               }else if(s === S_ATTR_SPACE){
-                                       s = S_EQ;
-                               }else {
-                                       //fatalError: equal must after attrName or space after attrName
-                                       throw new Error('attribute equal must after attrName');
-                               }
-                               break;
-                       case '\'':
-                       case '"':
-                               if(s === S_EQ || s === S_ATTR //|| s == S_ATTR_SPACE
-                                       ){//equal
-                                       if(s === S_ATTR){
-                                               errorHandler.warning('attribute value must after "="');
-                                               attrName = source.slice(start,p);
-                                       }
-                                       start = p+1;
-                                       p = source.indexOf(c,start);
-                                       if(p>0){
-                                               value = source.slice(start,p).replace(/&#?\w+;/g,entityReplacer);
-                                               el.add(attrName,value,start-1);
-                                               s = S_ATTR_END;
-                                       }else {
-                                               //fatalError: no end quot match
-                                               throw new Error('attribute value no end \''+c+'\' match');
-                                       }
-                               }else if(s == S_ATTR_NOQUOT_VALUE){
-                                       value = source.slice(start,p).replace(/&#?\w+;/g,entityReplacer);
-                                       //console.log(attrName,value,start,p)
-                                       el.add(attrName,value,start);
-                                       //console.dir(el)
-                                       errorHandler.warning('attribute "'+attrName+'" missed start quot('+c+')!!');
-                                       start = p+1;
-                                       s = S_ATTR_END;
-                               }else {
-                                       //fatalError: no equal before
-                                       throw new Error('attribute value must after "="');
-                               }
-                               break;
-                       case '/':
-                               switch(s){
-                               case S_TAG:
-                                       el.setTagName(source.slice(start,p));
-                               case S_ATTR_END:
-                               case S_TAG_SPACE:
-                               case S_TAG_CLOSE:
-                                       s =S_TAG_CLOSE;
-                                       el.closed = true;
-                               case S_ATTR_NOQUOT_VALUE:
-                               case S_ATTR:
-                               case S_ATTR_SPACE:
-                                       break;
-                               //case S_EQ:
-                               default:
-                                       throw new Error("attribute invalid close char('/')")
-                               }
-                               break;
-                       case ''://end document
-                               //throw new Error('unexpected end of input')
-                               errorHandler.error('unexpected end of input');
-                               if(s == S_TAG){
-                                       el.setTagName(source.slice(start,p));
-                               }
-                               return p;
-                       case '>':
-                               switch(s){
-                               case S_TAG:
-                                       el.setTagName(source.slice(start,p));
-                               case S_ATTR_END:
-                               case S_TAG_SPACE:
-                               case S_TAG_CLOSE:
-                                       break;//normal
-                               case S_ATTR_NOQUOT_VALUE://Compatible state
-                               case S_ATTR:
-                                       value = source.slice(start,p);
-                                       if(value.slice(-1) === '/'){
-                                               el.closed  = true;
-                                               value = value.slice(0,-1);
-                                       }
-                               case S_ATTR_SPACE:
-                                       if(s === S_ATTR_SPACE){
-                                               value = attrName;
-                                       }
-                                       if(s == S_ATTR_NOQUOT_VALUE){
-                                               errorHandler.warning('attribute "'+value+'" missed quot(")!!');
-                                               el.add(attrName,value.replace(/&#?\w+;/g,entityReplacer),start);
-                                       }else {
-                                               if(currentNSMap[''] !== 'http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml' || !value.match(/^(?:disabled|checked|selected)$/i)){
-                                                       errorHandler.warning('attribute "'+value+'" missed value!! "'+value+'" instead!!');
-                                               }
-                                               el.add(value,value,start);
-                                       }
-                                       break;
-                               case S_EQ:
-                                       throw new Error('attribute value missed!!');
-                               }
-       //                      console.log(tagName,tagNamePattern,tagNamePattern.test(tagName))
-                               return p;
-                       /*xml space '\x20' | #x9 | #xD | #xA; */
-                       case '\u0080':
-                               c = ' ';
-                       default:
-                               if(c<= ' '){//space
-                                       switch(s){
-                                       case S_TAG:
-                                               el.setTagName(source.slice(start,p));//tagName
-                                               s = S_TAG_SPACE;
-                                               break;
-                                       case S_ATTR:
-                                               attrName = source.slice(start,p);
-                                               s = S_ATTR_SPACE;
-                                               break;
-                                       case S_ATTR_NOQUOT_VALUE:
-                                               var value = source.slice(start,p).replace(/&#?\w+;/g,entityReplacer);
-                                               errorHandler.warning('attribute "'+value+'" missed quot(")!!');
-                                               el.add(attrName,value,start);
-                                       case S_ATTR_END:
-                                               s = S_TAG_SPACE;
-                                               break;
-                                       //case S_TAG_SPACE:
-                                       //case S_EQ:
-                                       //case S_ATTR_SPACE:
-                                       //      void();break;
-                                       //case S_TAG_CLOSE:
-                                               //ignore warning
-                                       }
-                               }else {//not space
-       //S_TAG,        S_ATTR, S_EQ,   S_ATTR_NOQUOT_VALUE
-       //S_ATTR_SPACE, S_ATTR_END,     S_TAG_SPACE, S_TAG_CLOSE
-                                       switch(s){
-                                       //case S_TAG:void();break;
-                                       //case S_ATTR:void();break;
-                                       //case S_ATTR_NOQUOT_VALUE:void();break;
-                                       case S_ATTR_SPACE:
-                                               var tagName =  el.tagName;
-                                               if(currentNSMap[''] !== 'http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml' || !attrName.match(/^(?:disabled|checked|selected)$/i)){
-                                                       errorHandler.warning('attribute "'+attrName+'" missed value!! "'+attrName+'" instead2!!');
-                                               }
-                                               el.add(attrName,attrName,start);
-                                               start = p;
-                                               s = S_ATTR;
-                                               break;
-                                       case S_ATTR_END:
-                                               errorHandler.warning('attribute space is required"'+attrName+'"!!');
-                                       case S_TAG_SPACE:
-                                               s = S_ATTR;
-                                               start = p;
-                                               break;
-                                       case S_EQ:
-                                               s = S_ATTR_NOQUOT_VALUE;
-                                               start = p;
-                                               break;
-                                       case S_TAG_CLOSE:
-                                               throw new Error("elements closed character '/' and '>' must be connected to");
-                                       }
-                               }
-                       }//end outer switch
-                       //console.log('p++',p)
-                       p++;
-               }
-       }
-       /**
-        * @return true if has new namespace define
-        */
-       function appendElement(el,domBuilder,currentNSMap){
-               var tagName = el.tagName;
-               var localNSMap = null;
-               //var currentNSMap = parseStack[parseStack.length-1].currentNSMap;
-               var i = el.length;
-               while(i--){
-                       var a = el[i];
-                       var qName = a.qName;
-                       var value = a.value;
-                       var nsp = qName.indexOf(':');
-                       if(nsp>0){
-                               var prefix = a.prefix = qName.slice(0,nsp);
-                               var localName = qName.slice(nsp+1);
-                               var nsPrefix = prefix === 'xmlns' && localName;
-                       }else {
-                               localName = qName;
-                               prefix = null;
-                               nsPrefix = qName === 'xmlns' && '';
-                       }
-                       //can not set prefix,because prefix !== ''
-                       a.localName = localName ;
-                       //prefix == null for no ns prefix attribute 
-                       if(nsPrefix !== false){//hack!!
-                               if(localNSMap == null){
-                                       localNSMap = {};
-                                       //console.log(currentNSMap,0)
-                                       _copy(currentNSMap,currentNSMap={});
-                                       //console.log(currentNSMap,1)
-                               }
-                               currentNSMap[nsPrefix] = localNSMap[nsPrefix] = value;
-                               a.uri = 'http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/';
-                               domBuilder.startPrefixMapping(nsPrefix, value); 
-                       }
-               }
-               var i = el.length;
-               while(i--){
-                       a = el[i];
-                       var prefix = a.prefix;
-                       if(prefix){//no prefix attribute has no namespace
-                               if(prefix === 'xml'){
-                                       a.uri = 'http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace';
-                               }if(prefix !== 'xmlns'){
-                                       a.uri = currentNSMap[prefix || ''];
-                                       
-                                       //{console.log('###'+a.qName,domBuilder.locator.systemId+'',currentNSMap,a.uri)}
-                               }
-                       }
-               }
-               var nsp = tagName.indexOf(':');
-               if(nsp>0){
-                       prefix = el.prefix = tagName.slice(0,nsp);
-                       localName = el.localName = tagName.slice(nsp+1);
-               }else {
-                       prefix = null;//important!!
-                       localName = el.localName = tagName;
-               }
-               //no prefix element has default namespace
-               var ns = el.uri = currentNSMap[prefix || ''];
-               domBuilder.startElement(ns,localName,tagName,el);
-               //endPrefixMapping and startPrefixMapping have not any help for dom builder
-               //localNSMap = null
-               if(el.closed){
-                       domBuilder.endElement(ns,localName,tagName);
-                       if(localNSMap){
-                               for(prefix in localNSMap){
-                                       domBuilder.endPrefixMapping(prefix); 
-                               }
-                       }
-               }else {
-                       el.currentNSMap = currentNSMap;
-                       el.localNSMap = localNSMap;
-                       //parseStack.push(el);
-                       return true;
-               }
-       }
-       function parseHtmlSpecialContent(source,elStartEnd,tagName,entityReplacer,domBuilder){
-               if(/^(?:script|textarea)$/i.test(tagName)){
-                       var elEndStart =  source.indexOf('</'+tagName+'>',elStartEnd);
-                       var text = source.substring(elStartEnd+1,elEndStart);
-                       if(/[&<]/.test(text)){
-                               if(/^script$/i.test(tagName)){
-                                       //if(!/\]\]>/.test(text)){
-                                               //lexHandler.startCDATA();
-                                               domBuilder.characters(text,0,text.length);
-                                               //lexHandler.endCDATA();
-                                               return elEndStart;
-                                       //}
-                               }//}else{//text area
-                                       text = text.replace(/&#?\w+;/g,entityReplacer);
-                                       domBuilder.characters(text,0,text.length);
-                                       return elEndStart;
-                               //}
-                               
-                       }
-               }
-               return elStartEnd+1;
-       }
-       function fixSelfClosed(source,elStartEnd,tagName,closeMap){
-               //if(tagName in closeMap){
-               var pos = closeMap[tagName];
-               if(pos == null){
-                       //console.log(tagName)
-                       pos =  source.lastIndexOf('</'+tagName+'>');
-                       if(pos<elStartEnd){//忘记闭合
-                               pos = source.lastIndexOf('</'+tagName);
-                       }
-                       closeMap[tagName] =pos;
-               }
-               return pos<elStartEnd;
-               //} 
-       }
-       function _copy(source,target){
-               for(var n in source){target[n] = source[n];}
-       }
-       function parseDCC(source,start,domBuilder,errorHandler){//sure start with '<!'
-               var next= source.charAt(start+2);
-               switch(next){
-               case '-':
-                       if(source.charAt(start + 3) === '-'){
-                               var end = source.indexOf('-->',start+4);
-                               //append comment source.substring(4,end)//<!--
-                               if(end>start){
-                                       domBuilder.comment(source,start+4,end-start-4);
-                                       return end+3;
-                               }else {
-                                       errorHandler.error("Unclosed comment");
-                                       return -1;
-                               }
-                       }else {
-                               //error
-                               return -1;
-                       }
-               default:
-                       if(source.substr(start+3,6) == 'CDATA['){
-                               var end = source.indexOf(']]>',start+9);
-                               domBuilder.startCDATA();
-                               domBuilder.characters(source,start+9,end-start-9);
-                               domBuilder.endCDATA(); 
-                               return end+3;
-                       }
-                       //<!DOCTYPE
-                       //startDTD(java.lang.String name, java.lang.String publicId, java.lang.String systemId) 
-                       var matchs = split(source,start);
-                       var len = matchs.length;
-                       if(len>1 && /!doctype/i.test(matchs[0][0])){
-                               var name = matchs[1][0];
-                               var pubid = len>3 && /^public$/i.test(matchs[2][0]) && matchs[3][0];
-                               var sysid = len>4 && matchs[4][0];
-                               var lastMatch = matchs[len-1];
-                               domBuilder.startDTD(name,pubid && pubid.replace(/^(['"])(.*?)\1$/,'$2'),
-                                               sysid && sysid.replace(/^(['"])(.*?)\1$/,'$2'));
-                               domBuilder.endDTD();
-                               
-                               return lastMatch.index+lastMatch[0].length
-                       }
-               }
-               return -1;
-       }
-
-
-
-       function parseInstruction(source,start,domBuilder){
-               var end = source.indexOf('?>',start);
-               if(end){
-                       var match = source.substring(start,end).match(/^<\?(\S*)\s*([\s\S]*?)\s*$/);
-                       if(match){
-                               var len = match[0].length;
-                               domBuilder.processingInstruction(match[1], match[2]) ;
-                               return end+2;
-                       }else {//error
-                               return -1;
-                       }
-               }
-               return -1;
-       }
+         if (end) {
+           var match = source.substring(start, end).match(/^<\?(\S*)\s*([\s\S]*?)\s*$/);
+
+           if (match) {
+             match[0].length;
+             domBuilder.processingInstruction(match[1], match[2]);
+             return end + 2;
+           } else {
+             //error
+             return -1;
+           }
+         }
 
+         return -1;
+       }
        /**
         * @param source
         */
-       function ElementAttributes(source){
-               
-       }
+
+
+       function ElementAttributes(source) {}
+
        ElementAttributes.prototype = {
-               setTagName:function(tagName){
-                       if(!tagNamePattern.test(tagName)){
-                               throw new Error('invalid tagName:'+tagName)
-                       }
-                       this.tagName = tagName;
-               },
-               add:function(qName,value,offset){
-                       if(!tagNamePattern.test(qName)){
-                               throw new Error('invalid attribute:'+qName)
-                       }
-                       this[this.length++] = {qName:qName,value:value,offset:offset};
-               },
-               length:0,
-               getLocalName:function(i){return this[i].localName},
-               getLocator:function(i){return this[i].locator},
-               getQName:function(i){return this[i].qName},
-               getURI:function(i){return this[i].uri},
-               getValue:function(i){return this[i].value}
-       //      ,getIndex:function(uri, localName)){
-       //              if(localName){
-       //                      
-       //              }else{
-       //                      var qName = uri
-       //              }
-       //      },
-       //      getValue:function(){return this.getValue(this.getIndex.apply(this,arguments))},
-       //      getType:function(uri,localName){}
-       //      getType:function(i){},
-       };
+         setTagName: function setTagName(tagName) {
+           if (!tagNamePattern.test(tagName)) {
+             throw new Error('invalid tagName:' + tagName);
+           }
 
+           this.tagName = tagName;
+         },
+         add: function add(qName, value, offset) {
+           if (!tagNamePattern.test(qName)) {
+             throw new Error('invalid attribute:' + qName);
+           }
 
+           this[this.length++] = {
+             qName: qName,
+             value: value,
+             offset: offset
+           };
+         },
+         length: 0,
+         getLocalName: function getLocalName(i) {
+           return this[i].localName;
+         },
+         getLocator: function getLocator(i) {
+           return this[i].locator;
+         },
+         getQName: function getQName(i) {
+           return this[i].qName;
+         },
+         getURI: function getURI(i) {
+           return this[i].uri;
+         },
+         getValue: function getValue(i) {
+           return this[i].value;
+         } //  ,getIndex:function(uri, localName)){
+         //            if(localName){
+         //                    
+         //            }else{
+         //                    var qName = uri
+         //            }
+         //    },
+         //    getValue:function(){return this.getValue(this.getIndex.apply(this,arguments))},
+         //    getType:function(uri,localName){}
+         //    getType:function(i){},
 
+       };
 
-       function _set_proto_(thiz,parent){
-               thiz.__proto__ = parent;
-               return thiz;
+       function _set_proto_(thiz, parent) {
+         thiz.__proto__ = parent;
+         return thiz;
        }
-       if(!(_set_proto_({},_set_proto_.prototype) instanceof _set_proto_)){
-               _set_proto_ = function(thiz,parent){
-                       function p(){}          p.prototype = parent;
-                       p = new p();
-                       for(parent in thiz){
-                               p[parent] = thiz[parent];
-                       }
-                       return p;
-               };
+
+       if (!(_set_proto_({}, _set_proto_.prototype) instanceof _set_proto_)) {
+         _set_proto_ = function _set_proto_(thiz, parent) {
+           function p() {}
+           p.prototype = parent;
+           p = new p();
+
+           for (parent in thiz) {
+             p[parent] = thiz[parent];
+           }
+
+           return p;
+         };
        }
 
-       function split(source,start){
-               var match;
-               var buf = [];
-               var reg = /'[^']+'|"[^"]+"|[^\s<>\/=]+=?|(\/?\s*>|<)/g;
-               reg.lastIndex = start;
-               reg.exec(source);//skip <
-               while(match = reg.exec(source)){
-                       buf.push(match);
-                       if(match[1])return buf;
-               }
+       function split(source, start) {
+         var match;
+         var buf = [];
+         var reg = /'[^']+'|"[^"]+"|[^\s<>\/=]+=?|(\/?\s*>|<)/g;
+         reg.lastIndex = start;
+         reg.exec(source); //skip <
+
+         while (match = reg.exec(source)) {
+           buf.push(match);
+           if (match[1]) return buf;
+         }
        }
 
        var XMLReader_1 = XMLReader;
-
        var sax = {
-               XMLReader: XMLReader_1
+         XMLReader: XMLReader_1
        };
 
        /*
         * @see http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-DOM-Level-1/ecma-script-language-binding.html
         * @see http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-DOM-Level-2-Core-20001113/ecma-script-binding.html
         */
-
-       function copy$2(src,dest){
-               for(var p in src){
-                       dest[p] = src[p];
-               }
+       function copy(src, dest) {
+         for (var p in src) {
+           dest[p] = src[p];
+         }
        }
        /**
        ^\w+\.prototype\.([_\w]+)\s*=\s*((?:.*\{\s*?[\r\n][\s\S]*?^})|\S.*?(?=[;\r\n]));?
        ^\w+\.prototype\.([_\w]+)\s*=\s*(\S.*?(?=[;\r\n]));?
         */
-       function _extends(Class,Super){
-               var pt = Class.prototype;
-               if(Object.create){
-                       var ppt = Object.create(Super.prototype);
-                       pt.__proto__ = ppt;
-               }
-               if(!(pt instanceof Super)){
-                       function t(){}          t.prototype = Super.prototype;
-                       t = new t();
-                       copy$2(pt,t);
-                       Class.prototype = pt = t;
-               }
-               if(pt.constructor != Class){
-                       if(typeof Class != 'function'){
-                               console.error("unknow Class:"+Class);
-                       }
-                       pt.constructor = Class;
-               }
-       }
-       var htmlns = 'http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml' ;
-       // Node Types
-       var NodeType = {};
-       var ELEMENT_NODE                = NodeType.ELEMENT_NODE                = 1;
-       var ATTRIBUTE_NODE              = NodeType.ATTRIBUTE_NODE              = 2;
-       var TEXT_NODE                   = NodeType.TEXT_NODE                   = 3;
-       var CDATA_SECTION_NODE          = NodeType.CDATA_SECTION_NODE          = 4;
-       var ENTITY_REFERENCE_NODE       = NodeType.ENTITY_REFERENCE_NODE       = 5;
-       var ENTITY_NODE                 = NodeType.ENTITY_NODE                 = 6;
-       var PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE = NodeType.PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE = 7;
-       var COMMENT_NODE                = NodeType.COMMENT_NODE                = 8;
-       var DOCUMENT_NODE               = NodeType.DOCUMENT_NODE               = 9;
-       var DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE          = NodeType.DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE          = 10;
-       var DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE      = NodeType.DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE      = 11;
-       var NOTATION_NODE               = NodeType.NOTATION_NODE               = 12;
 
-       // ExceptionCode
-       var ExceptionCode = {};
-       var ExceptionMessage = {};
-       var INDEX_SIZE_ERR              = ExceptionCode.INDEX_SIZE_ERR              = ((ExceptionMessage[1]="Index size error"),1);
-       var DOMSTRING_SIZE_ERR          = ExceptionCode.DOMSTRING_SIZE_ERR          = ((ExceptionMessage[2]="DOMString size error"),2);
-       var HIERARCHY_REQUEST_ERR       = ExceptionCode.HIERARCHY_REQUEST_ERR       = ((ExceptionMessage[3]="Hierarchy request error"),3);
-       var WRONG_DOCUMENT_ERR          = ExceptionCode.WRONG_DOCUMENT_ERR          = ((ExceptionMessage[4]="Wrong document"),4);
-       var INVALID_CHARACTER_ERR       = ExceptionCode.INVALID_CHARACTER_ERR       = ((ExceptionMessage[5]="Invalid character"),5);
-       var NO_DATA_ALLOWED_ERR         = ExceptionCode.NO_DATA_ALLOWED_ERR         = ((ExceptionMessage[6]="No data allowed"),6);
-       var NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR = ExceptionCode.NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR = ((ExceptionMessage[7]="No modification allowed"),7);
-       var NOT_FOUND_ERR               = ExceptionCode.NOT_FOUND_ERR               = ((ExceptionMessage[8]="Not found"),8);
-       var NOT_SUPPORTED_ERR           = ExceptionCode.NOT_SUPPORTED_ERR           = ((ExceptionMessage[9]="Not supported"),9);
-       var INUSE_ATTRIBUTE_ERR         = ExceptionCode.INUSE_ATTRIBUTE_ERR         = ((ExceptionMessage[10]="Attribute in use"),10);
-       //level2
-       var INVALID_STATE_ERR           = ExceptionCode.INVALID_STATE_ERR               = ((ExceptionMessage[11]="Invalid state"),11);
-       var SYNTAX_ERR                  = ExceptionCode.SYNTAX_ERR                      = ((ExceptionMessage[12]="Syntax error"),12);
-       var INVALID_MODIFICATION_ERR    = ExceptionCode.INVALID_MODIFICATION_ERR        = ((ExceptionMessage[13]="Invalid modification"),13);
-       var NAMESPACE_ERR               = ExceptionCode.NAMESPACE_ERR                   = ((ExceptionMessage[14]="Invalid namespace"),14);
-       var INVALID_ACCESS_ERR          = ExceptionCode.INVALID_ACCESS_ERR              = ((ExceptionMessage[15]="Invalid access"),15);
-
-
-       function DOMException$2(code, message) {
-               if(message instanceof Error){
-                       var error = message;
-               }else {
-                       error = this;
-                       Error.call(this, ExceptionMessage[code]);
-                       this.message = ExceptionMessage[code];
-                       if(Error.captureStackTrace) Error.captureStackTrace(this, DOMException$2);
-               }
-               error.code = code;
-               if(message) this.message = this.message + ": " + message;
-               return error;
-       }DOMException$2.prototype = Error.prototype;
-       copy$2(ExceptionCode,DOMException$2);
-       /**
-        * @see http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-DOM-Level-2-Core-20001113/core.html#ID-536297177
-        * The NodeList interface provides the abstraction of an ordered collection of nodes, without defining or constraining how this collection is implemented. NodeList objects in the DOM are live.
-        * The items in the NodeList are accessible via an integral index, starting from 0.
-        */
-       function NodeList() {
-       }NodeList.prototype = {
-               /**
-                * The number of nodes in the list. The range of valid child node indices is 0 to length-1 inclusive.
-                * @standard level1
-                */
-               length:0, 
-               /**
-                * Returns the indexth item in the collection. If index is greater than or equal to the number of nodes in the list, this returns null.
-                * @standard level1
-                * @param index  unsigned long 
-                *   Index into the collection.
-                * @return Node
-                *      The node at the indexth position in the NodeList, or null if that is not a valid index. 
-                */
-               item: function(index) {
-                       return this[index] || null;
-               },
-               toString:function(isHTML,nodeFilter){
-                       for(var buf = [], i = 0;i<this.length;i++){
-                               serializeToString(this[i],buf,isHTML,nodeFilter);
-                       }
-                       return buf.join('');
-               }
-       };
-       function LiveNodeList(node,refresh){
-               this._node = node;
-               this._refresh = refresh;
-               _updateLiveList(this);
-       }
-       function _updateLiveList(list){
-               var inc = list._node._inc || list._node.ownerDocument._inc;
-               if(list._inc != inc){
-                       var ls = list._refresh(list._node);
-                       //console.log(ls.length)
-                       __set__(list,'length',ls.length);
-                       copy$2(ls,list);
-                       list._inc = inc;
-               }
-       }
-       LiveNodeList.prototype.item = function(i){
-               _updateLiveList(this);
-               return this[i];
-       };
 
-       _extends(LiveNodeList,NodeList);
-       /**
-        * 
-        * Objects implementing the NamedNodeMap interface are used to represent collections of nodes that can be accessed by name. Note that NamedNodeMap does not inherit from NodeList; NamedNodeMaps are not maintained in any particular order. Objects contained in an object implementing NamedNodeMap may also be accessed by an ordinal index, but this is simply to allow convenient enumeration of the contents of a NamedNodeMap, and does not imply that the DOM specifies an order to these Nodes.
-        * NamedNodeMap objects in the DOM are live.
-        * used for attributes or DocumentType entities 
-        */
-       function NamedNodeMap() {
-       }
-       function _findNodeIndex(list,node){
-               var i = list.length;
-               while(i--){
-                       if(list[i] === node){return i}
-               }
-       }
-
-       function _addNamedNode(el,list,newAttr,oldAttr){
-               if(oldAttr){
-                       list[_findNodeIndex(list,oldAttr)] = newAttr;
-               }else {
-                       list[list.length++] = newAttr;
-               }
-               if(el){
-                       newAttr.ownerElement = el;
-                       var doc = el.ownerDocument;
-                       if(doc){
-                               oldAttr && _onRemoveAttribute(doc,el,oldAttr);
-                               _onAddAttribute(doc,el,newAttr);
-                       }
-               }
-       }
-       function _removeNamedNode(el,list,attr){
-               //console.log('remove attr:'+attr)
-               var i = _findNodeIndex(list,attr);
-               if(i>=0){
-                       var lastIndex = list.length-1;
-                       while(i<lastIndex){
-                               list[i] = list[++i];
-                       }
-                       list.length = lastIndex;
-                       if(el){
-                               var doc = el.ownerDocument;
-                               if(doc){
-                                       _onRemoveAttribute(doc,el,attr);
-                                       attr.ownerElement = null;
-                               }
-                       }
-               }else {
-                       throw DOMException$2(NOT_FOUND_ERR,new Error(el.tagName+'@'+attr))
-               }
-       }
-       NamedNodeMap.prototype = {
-               length:0,
-               item:NodeList.prototype.item,
-               getNamedItem: function(key) {
-       //              if(key.indexOf(':')>0 || key == 'xmlns'){
-       //                      return null;
-       //              }
-                       //console.log()
-                       var i = this.length;
-                       while(i--){
-                               var attr = this[i];
-                               //console.log(attr.nodeName,key)
-                               if(attr.nodeName == key){
-                                       return attr;
-                               }
-                       }
-               },
-               setNamedItem: function(attr) {
-                       var el = attr.ownerElement;
-                       if(el && el!=this._ownerElement){
-                               throw new DOMException$2(INUSE_ATTRIBUTE_ERR);
-                       }
-                       var oldAttr = this.getNamedItem(attr.nodeName);
-                       _addNamedNode(this._ownerElement,this,attr,oldAttr);
-                       return oldAttr;
-               },
-               /* returns Node */
-               setNamedItemNS: function(attr) {// raises: WRONG_DOCUMENT_ERR,NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR,INUSE_ATTRIBUTE_ERR
-                       var el = attr.ownerElement, oldAttr;
-                       if(el && el!=this._ownerElement){
-                               throw new DOMException$2(INUSE_ATTRIBUTE_ERR);
-                       }
-                       oldAttr = this.getNamedItemNS(attr.namespaceURI,attr.localName);
-                       _addNamedNode(this._ownerElement,this,attr,oldAttr);
-                       return oldAttr;
-               },
-
-               /* returns Node */
-               removeNamedItem: function(key) {
-                       var attr = this.getNamedItem(key);
-                       _removeNamedNode(this._ownerElement,this,attr);
-                       return attr;
-                       
-                       
-               },// raises: NOT_FOUND_ERR,NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR
-               
-               //for level2
-               removeNamedItemNS:function(namespaceURI,localName){
-                       var attr = this.getNamedItemNS(namespaceURI,localName);
-                       _removeNamedNode(this._ownerElement,this,attr);
-                       return attr;
-               },
-               getNamedItemNS: function(namespaceURI, localName) {
-                       var i = this.length;
-                       while(i--){
-                               var node = this[i];
-                               if(node.localName == localName && node.namespaceURI == namespaceURI){
-                                       return node;
-                               }
-                       }
-                       return null;
-               }
-       };
-       /**
-        * @see http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-DOM-Level-1/level-one-core.html#ID-102161490
-        */
-       function DOMImplementation(/* Object */ features) {
-               this._features = {};
-               if (features) {
-                       for (var feature in features) {
-                                this._features = features[feature];
-                       }
-               }
-       }
-       DOMImplementation.prototype = {
-               hasFeature: function(/* string */ feature, /* string */ version) {
-                       var versions = this._features[feature.toLowerCase()];
-                       if (versions && (!version || version in versions)) {
-                               return true;
-                       } else {
-                               return false;
-                       }
-               },
-               // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
-               createDocument:function(namespaceURI,  qualifiedName, doctype){// raises:INVALID_CHARACTER_ERR,NAMESPACE_ERR,WRONG_DOCUMENT_ERR
-                       var doc = new Document();
-                       doc.implementation = this;
-                       doc.childNodes = new NodeList();
-                       doc.doctype = doctype;
-                       if(doctype){
-                               doc.appendChild(doctype);
-                       }
-                       if(qualifiedName){
-                               var root = doc.createElementNS(namespaceURI,qualifiedName);
-                               doc.appendChild(root);
-                       }
-                       return doc;
-               },
-               // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
-               createDocumentType:function(qualifiedName, publicId, systemId){// raises:INVALID_CHARACTER_ERR,NAMESPACE_ERR
-                       var node = new DocumentType();
-                       node.name = qualifiedName;
-                       node.nodeName = qualifiedName;
-                       node.publicId = publicId;
-                       node.systemId = systemId;
-                       // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
-                       //readonly attribute DOMString        internalSubset;
-                       
-                       //TODO:..
-                       //  readonly attribute NamedNodeMap     entities;
-                       //  readonly attribute NamedNodeMap     notations;
-                       return node;
-               }
-       };
+       function _extends(Class, Super) {
+         var pt = Class.prototype;
 
+         if (Object.create) {
+           var ppt = Object.create(Super.prototype);
+           pt.__proto__ = ppt;
+         }
 
-       /**
-        * @see http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-DOM-Level-2-Core-20001113/core.html#ID-1950641247
-        */
+         if (!(pt instanceof Super)) {
+           var t = function t() {};
+           t.prototype = Super.prototype;
+           t = new t();
+           copy(pt, t);
+           Class.prototype = pt = t;
+         }
 
-       function Node() {
-       }
-       Node.prototype = {
-               firstChild : null,
-               lastChild : null,
-               previousSibling : null,
-               nextSibling : null,
-               attributes : null,
-               parentNode : null,
-               childNodes : null,
-               ownerDocument : null,
-               nodeValue : null,
-               namespaceURI : null,
-               prefix : null,
-               localName : null,
-               // Modified in DOM Level 2:
-               insertBefore:function(newChild, refChild){//raises 
-                       return _insertBefore(this,newChild,refChild);
-               },
-               replaceChild:function(newChild, oldChild){//raises 
-                       this.insertBefore(newChild,oldChild);
-                       if(oldChild){
-                               this.removeChild(oldChild);
-                       }
-               },
-               removeChild:function(oldChild){
-                       return _removeChild(this,oldChild);
-               },
-               appendChild:function(newChild){
-                       return this.insertBefore(newChild,null);
-               },
-               hasChildNodes:function(){
-                       return this.firstChild != null;
-               },
-               cloneNode:function(deep){
-                       return cloneNode(this.ownerDocument||this,this,deep);
-               },
-               // Modified in DOM Level 2:
-               normalize:function(){
-                       var child = this.firstChild;
-                       while(child){
-                               var next = child.nextSibling;
-                               if(next && next.nodeType == TEXT_NODE && child.nodeType == TEXT_NODE){
-                                       this.removeChild(next);
-                                       child.appendData(next.data);
-                               }else {
-                                       child.normalize();
-                                       child = next;
-                               }
-                       }
-               },
-               // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
-               isSupported:function(feature, version){
-                       return this.ownerDocument.implementation.hasFeature(feature,version);
-               },
-           // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
-           hasAttributes:function(){
-               return this.attributes.length>0;
-           },
-           lookupPrefix:function(namespaceURI){
-               var el = this;
-               while(el){
-                       var map = el._nsMap;
-                       //console.dir(map)
-                       if(map){
-                               for(var n in map){
-                                       if(map[n] == namespaceURI){
-                                               return n;
-                                       }
-                               }
-                       }
-                       el = el.nodeType == ATTRIBUTE_NODE?el.ownerDocument : el.parentNode;
-               }
-               return null;
-           },
-           // Introduced in DOM Level 3:
-           lookupNamespaceURI:function(prefix){
-               var el = this;
-               while(el){
-                       var map = el._nsMap;
-                       //console.dir(map)
-                       if(map){
-                               if(prefix in map){
-                                       return map[prefix] ;
-                               }
-                       }
-                       el = el.nodeType == ATTRIBUTE_NODE?el.ownerDocument : el.parentNode;
-               }
-               return null;
-           },
-           // Introduced in DOM Level 3:
-           isDefaultNamespace:function(namespaceURI){
-               var prefix = this.lookupPrefix(namespaceURI);
-               return prefix == null;
+         if (pt.constructor != Class) {
+           if (typeof Class != 'function') {
+             console.error("unknow Class:" + Class);
            }
-       };
-
 
-       function _xmlEncoder(c){
-               return c == '<' && '&lt;' ||
-                c == '>' && '&gt;' ||
-                c == '&' && '&amp;' ||
-                c == '"' && '&quot;' ||
-                '&#'+c.charCodeAt()+';'
+           pt.constructor = Class;
+         }
        }
 
+       var htmlns = 'http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'; // Node Types
 
-       copy$2(NodeType,Node);
-       copy$2(NodeType,Node.prototype);
+       var NodeType = {};
+       var ELEMENT_NODE = NodeType.ELEMENT_NODE = 1;
+       var ATTRIBUTE_NODE = NodeType.ATTRIBUTE_NODE = 2;
+       var TEXT_NODE = NodeType.TEXT_NODE = 3;
+       var CDATA_SECTION_NODE = NodeType.CDATA_SECTION_NODE = 4;
+       var ENTITY_REFERENCE_NODE = NodeType.ENTITY_REFERENCE_NODE = 5;
+       var ENTITY_NODE = NodeType.ENTITY_NODE = 6;
+       var PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE = NodeType.PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE = 7;
+       var COMMENT_NODE = NodeType.COMMENT_NODE = 8;
+       var DOCUMENT_NODE = NodeType.DOCUMENT_NODE = 9;
+       var DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE = NodeType.DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE = 10;
+       var DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE = NodeType.DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE = 11;
+       var NOTATION_NODE = NodeType.NOTATION_NODE = 12; // ExceptionCode
 
-       /**
-        * @param callback return true for continue,false for break
-        * @return boolean true: break visit;
-        */
-       function _visitNode(node,callback){
-               if(callback(node)){
-                       return true;
-               }
-               if(node = node.firstChild){
-                       do{
-                               if(_visitNode(node,callback)){return true}
-               }while(node=node.nextSibling)
-           }
-       }
-
-
-
-       function Document(){
-       }
-       function _onAddAttribute(doc,el,newAttr){
-               doc && doc._inc++;
-               var ns = newAttr.namespaceURI ;
-               if(ns == 'http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/'){
-                       //update namespace
-                       el._nsMap[newAttr.prefix?newAttr.localName:''] = newAttr.value;
-               }
-       }
-       function _onRemoveAttribute(doc,el,newAttr,remove){
-               doc && doc._inc++;
-               var ns = newAttr.namespaceURI ;
-               if(ns == 'http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/'){
-                       //update namespace
-                       delete el._nsMap[newAttr.prefix?newAttr.localName:''];
-               }
-       }
-       function _onUpdateChild(doc,el,newChild){
-               if(doc && doc._inc){
-                       doc._inc++;
-                       //update childNodes
-                       var cs = el.childNodes;
-                       if(newChild){
-                               cs[cs.length++] = newChild;
-                       }else {
-                               //console.log(1)
-                               var child = el.firstChild;
-                               var i = 0;
-                               while(child){
-                                       cs[i++] = child;
-                                       child =child.nextSibling;
-                               }
-                               cs.length = i;
-                       }
-               }
-       }
+       var ExceptionCode = {};
+       var ExceptionMessage = {};
+       ExceptionCode.INDEX_SIZE_ERR = (ExceptionMessage[1] = "Index size error", 1);
+       ExceptionCode.DOMSTRING_SIZE_ERR = (ExceptionMessage[2] = "DOMString size error", 2);
+       var HIERARCHY_REQUEST_ERR = ExceptionCode.HIERARCHY_REQUEST_ERR = (ExceptionMessage[3] = "Hierarchy request error", 3);
+       ExceptionCode.WRONG_DOCUMENT_ERR = (ExceptionMessage[4] = "Wrong document", 4);
+       ExceptionCode.INVALID_CHARACTER_ERR = (ExceptionMessage[5] = "Invalid character", 5);
+       ExceptionCode.NO_DATA_ALLOWED_ERR = (ExceptionMessage[6] = "No data allowed", 6);
+       ExceptionCode.NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR = (ExceptionMessage[7] = "No modification allowed", 7);
+       var NOT_FOUND_ERR = ExceptionCode.NOT_FOUND_ERR = (ExceptionMessage[8] = "Not found", 8);
+       ExceptionCode.NOT_SUPPORTED_ERR = (ExceptionMessage[9] = "Not supported", 9);
+       var INUSE_ATTRIBUTE_ERR = ExceptionCode.INUSE_ATTRIBUTE_ERR = (ExceptionMessage[10] = "Attribute in use", 10); //level2
+
+       ExceptionCode.INVALID_STATE_ERR = (ExceptionMessage[11] = "Invalid state", 11);
+       ExceptionCode.SYNTAX_ERR = (ExceptionMessage[12] = "Syntax error", 12);
+       ExceptionCode.INVALID_MODIFICATION_ERR = (ExceptionMessage[13] = "Invalid modification", 13);
+       ExceptionCode.NAMESPACE_ERR = (ExceptionMessage[14] = "Invalid namespace", 14);
+       ExceptionCode.INVALID_ACCESS_ERR = (ExceptionMessage[15] = "Invalid access", 15);
+
+       function DOMException$1(code, message) {
+         if (message instanceof Error) {
+           var error = message;
+         } else {
+           error = this;
+           Error.call(this, ExceptionMessage[code]);
+           this.message = ExceptionMessage[code];
+           if (Error.captureStackTrace) Error.captureStackTrace(this, DOMException$1);
+         }
 
-       /**
-        * attributes;
-        * children;
-        * 
-        * writeable properties:
-        * nodeValue,Attr:value,CharacterData:data
-        * prefix
-        */
-       function _removeChild(parentNode,child){
-               var previous = child.previousSibling;
-               var next = child.nextSibling;
-               if(previous){
-                       previous.nextSibling = next;
-               }else {
-                       parentNode.firstChild = next;
-               }
-               if(next){
-                       next.previousSibling = previous;
-               }else {
-                       parentNode.lastChild = previous;
-               }
-               _onUpdateChild(parentNode.ownerDocument,parentNode);
-               return child;
+         error.code = code;
+         if (message) this.message = this.message + ": " + message;
+         return error;
        }
+       DOMException$1.prototype = Error.prototype;
+       copy(ExceptionCode, DOMException$1);
        /**
-        * preformance key(refChild == null)
+        * @see http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-DOM-Level-2-Core-20001113/core.html#ID-536297177
+        * The NodeList interface provides the abstraction of an ordered collection of nodes, without defining or constraining how this collection is implemented. NodeList objects in the DOM are live.
+        * The items in the NodeList are accessible via an integral index, starting from 0.
         */
-       function _insertBefore(parentNode,newChild,nextChild){
-               var cp = newChild.parentNode;
-               if(cp){
-                       cp.removeChild(newChild);//remove and update
-               }
-               if(newChild.nodeType === DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE){
-                       var newFirst = newChild.firstChild;
-                       if (newFirst == null) {
-                               return newChild;
-                       }
-                       var newLast = newChild.lastChild;
-               }else {
-                       newFirst = newLast = newChild;
-               }
-               var pre = nextChild ? nextChild.previousSibling : parentNode.lastChild;
-
-               newFirst.previousSibling = pre;
-               newLast.nextSibling = nextChild;
-               
-               
-               if(pre){
-                       pre.nextSibling = newFirst;
-               }else {
-                       parentNode.firstChild = newFirst;
-               }
-               if(nextChild == null){
-                       parentNode.lastChild = newLast;
-               }else {
-                       nextChild.previousSibling = newLast;
-               }
-               do{
-                       newFirst.parentNode = parentNode;
-               }while(newFirst !== newLast && (newFirst= newFirst.nextSibling))
-               _onUpdateChild(parentNode.ownerDocument||parentNode,parentNode);
-               //console.log(parentNode.lastChild.nextSibling == null)
-               if (newChild.nodeType == DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE) {
-                       newChild.firstChild = newChild.lastChild = null;
-               }
-               return newChild;
-       }
-       function _appendSingleChild(parentNode,newChild){
-               var cp = newChild.parentNode;
-               if(cp){
-                       var pre = parentNode.lastChild;
-                       cp.removeChild(newChild);//remove and update
-                       var pre = parentNode.lastChild;
-               }
-               var pre = parentNode.lastChild;
-               newChild.parentNode = parentNode;
-               newChild.previousSibling = pre;
-               newChild.nextSibling = null;
-               if(pre){
-                       pre.nextSibling = newChild;
-               }else {
-                       parentNode.firstChild = newChild;
-               }
-               parentNode.lastChild = newChild;
-               _onUpdateChild(parentNode.ownerDocument,parentNode,newChild);
-               return newChild;
-               //console.log("__aa",parentNode.lastChild.nextSibling == null)
-       }
-       Document.prototype = {
-               //implementation : null,
-               nodeName :  '#document',
-               nodeType :  DOCUMENT_NODE,
-               doctype :  null,
-               documentElement :  null,
-               _inc : 1,
-               
-               insertBefore :  function(newChild, refChild){//raises 
-                       if(newChild.nodeType == DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE){
-                               var child = newChild.firstChild;
-                               while(child){
-                                       var next = child.nextSibling;
-                                       this.insertBefore(child,refChild);
-                                       child = next;
-                               }
-                               return newChild;
-                       }
-                       if(this.documentElement == null && newChild.nodeType == ELEMENT_NODE){
-                               this.documentElement = newChild;
-                       }
-                       
-                       return _insertBefore(this,newChild,refChild),(newChild.ownerDocument = this),newChild;
-               },
-               removeChild :  function(oldChild){
-                       if(this.documentElement == oldChild){
-                               this.documentElement = null;
-                       }
-                       return _removeChild(this,oldChild);
-               },
-               // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
-               importNode : function(importedNode,deep){
-                       return importNode(this,importedNode,deep);
-               },
-               // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
-               getElementById :        function(id){
-                       var rtv = null;
-                       _visitNode(this.documentElement,function(node){
-                               if(node.nodeType == ELEMENT_NODE){
-                                       if(node.getAttribute('id') == id){
-                                               rtv = node;
-                                               return true;
-                                       }
-                               }
-                       });
-                       return rtv;
-               },
-               
-               //document factory method:
-               createElement : function(tagName){
-                       var node = new Element();
-                       node.ownerDocument = this;
-                       node.nodeName = tagName;
-                       node.tagName = tagName;
-                       node.childNodes = new NodeList();
-                       var attrs       = node.attributes = new NamedNodeMap();
-                       attrs._ownerElement = node;
-                       return node;
-               },
-               createDocumentFragment :        function(){
-                       var node = new DocumentFragment();
-                       node.ownerDocument = this;
-                       node.childNodes = new NodeList();
-                       return node;
-               },
-               createTextNode :        function(data){
-                       var node = new Text();
-                       node.ownerDocument = this;
-                       node.appendData(data);
-                       return node;
-               },
-               createComment : function(data){
-                       var node = new Comment();
-                       node.ownerDocument = this;
-                       node.appendData(data);
-                       return node;
-               },
-               createCDATASection :    function(data){
-                       var node = new CDATASection();
-                       node.ownerDocument = this;
-                       node.appendData(data);
-                       return node;
-               },
-               createProcessingInstruction :   function(target,data){
-                       var node = new ProcessingInstruction();
-                       node.ownerDocument = this;
-                       node.tagName = node.target = target;
-                       node.nodeValue= node.data = data;
-                       return node;
-               },
-               createAttribute :       function(name){
-                       var node = new Attr();
-                       node.ownerDocument      = this;
-                       node.name = name;
-                       node.nodeName   = name;
-                       node.localName = name;
-                       node.specified = true;
-                       return node;
-               },
-               createEntityReference : function(name){
-                       var node = new EntityReference();
-                       node.ownerDocument      = this;
-                       node.nodeName   = name;
-                       return node;
-               },
-               // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
-               createElementNS :       function(namespaceURI,qualifiedName){
-                       var node = new Element();
-                       var pl = qualifiedName.split(':');
-                       var attrs       = node.attributes = new NamedNodeMap();
-                       node.childNodes = new NodeList();
-                       node.ownerDocument = this;
-                       node.nodeName = qualifiedName;
-                       node.tagName = qualifiedName;
-                       node.namespaceURI = namespaceURI;
-                       if(pl.length == 2){
-                               node.prefix = pl[0];
-                               node.localName = pl[1];
-                       }else {
-                               //el.prefix = null;
-                               node.localName = qualifiedName;
-                       }
-                       attrs._ownerElement = node;
-                       return node;
-               },
-               // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
-               createAttributeNS :     function(namespaceURI,qualifiedName){
-                       var node = new Attr();
-                       var pl = qualifiedName.split(':');
-                       node.ownerDocument = this;
-                       node.nodeName = qualifiedName;
-                       node.name = qualifiedName;
-                       node.namespaceURI = namespaceURI;
-                       node.specified = true;
-                       if(pl.length == 2){
-                               node.prefix = pl[0];
-                               node.localName = pl[1];
-                       }else {
-                               //el.prefix = null;
-                               node.localName = qualifiedName;
-                       }
-                       return node;
-               }
-       };
-       _extends(Document,Node);
-
-
-       function Element() {
-               this._nsMap = {};
-       }Element.prototype = {
-               nodeType : ELEMENT_NODE,
-               hasAttribute : function(name){
-                       return this.getAttributeNode(name)!=null;
-               },
-               getAttribute : function(name){
-                       var attr = this.getAttributeNode(name);
-                       return attr && attr.value || '';
-               },
-               getAttributeNode : function(name){
-                       return this.attributes.getNamedItem(name);
-               },
-               setAttribute : function(name, value){
-                       var attr = this.ownerDocument.createAttribute(name);
-                       attr.value = attr.nodeValue = "" + value;
-                       this.setAttributeNode(attr);
-               },
-               removeAttribute : function(name){
-                       var attr = this.getAttributeNode(name);
-                       attr && this.removeAttributeNode(attr);
-               },
-               
-               //four real opeartion method
-               appendChild:function(newChild){
-                       if(newChild.nodeType === DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE){
-                               return this.insertBefore(newChild,null);
-                       }else {
-                               return _appendSingleChild(this,newChild);
-                       }
-               },
-               setAttributeNode : function(newAttr){
-                       return this.attributes.setNamedItem(newAttr);
-               },
-               setAttributeNodeNS : function(newAttr){
-                       return this.attributes.setNamedItemNS(newAttr);
-               },
-               removeAttributeNode : function(oldAttr){
-                       //console.log(this == oldAttr.ownerElement)
-                       return this.attributes.removeNamedItem(oldAttr.nodeName);
-               },
-               //get real attribute name,and remove it by removeAttributeNode
-               removeAttributeNS : function(namespaceURI, localName){
-                       var old = this.getAttributeNodeNS(namespaceURI, localName);
-                       old && this.removeAttributeNode(old);
-               },
-               
-               hasAttributeNS : function(namespaceURI, localName){
-                       return this.getAttributeNodeNS(namespaceURI, localName)!=null;
-               },
-               getAttributeNS : function(namespaceURI, localName){
-                       var attr = this.getAttributeNodeNS(namespaceURI, localName);
-                       return attr && attr.value || '';
-               },
-               setAttributeNS : function(namespaceURI, qualifiedName, value){
-                       var attr = this.ownerDocument.createAttributeNS(namespaceURI, qualifiedName);
-                       attr.value = attr.nodeValue = "" + value;
-                       this.setAttributeNode(attr);
-               },
-               getAttributeNodeNS : function(namespaceURI, localName){
-                       return this.attributes.getNamedItemNS(namespaceURI, localName);
-               },
-               
-               getElementsByTagName : function(tagName){
-                       return new LiveNodeList(this,function(base){
-                               var ls = [];
-                               _visitNode(base,function(node){
-                                       if(node !== base && node.nodeType == ELEMENT_NODE && (tagName === '*' || node.tagName == tagName)){
-                                               ls.push(node);
-                                       }
-                               });
-                               return ls;
-                       });
-               },
-               getElementsByTagNameNS : function(namespaceURI, localName){
-                       return new LiveNodeList(this,function(base){
-                               var ls = [];
-                               _visitNode(base,function(node){
-                                       if(node !== base && node.nodeType === ELEMENT_NODE && (namespaceURI === '*' || node.namespaceURI === namespaceURI) && (localName === '*' || node.localName == localName)){
-                                               ls.push(node);
-                                       }
-                               });
-                               return ls;
-                               
-                       });
-               }
-       };
-       Document.prototype.getElementsByTagName = Element.prototype.getElementsByTagName;
-       Document.prototype.getElementsByTagNameNS = Element.prototype.getElementsByTagNameNS;
 
+       function NodeList() {}
+       NodeList.prototype = {
+         /**
+          * The number of nodes in the list. The range of valid child node indices is 0 to length-1 inclusive.
+          * @standard level1
+          */
+         length: 0,
 
-       _extends(Element,Node);
-       function Attr() {
-       }Attr.prototype.nodeType = ATTRIBUTE_NODE;
-       _extends(Attr,Node);
-
-
-       function CharacterData() {
-       }CharacterData.prototype = {
-               data : '',
-               substringData : function(offset, count) {
-                       return this.data.substring(offset, offset+count);
-               },
-               appendData: function(text) {
-                       text = this.data+text;
-                       this.nodeValue = this.data = text;
-                       this.length = text.length;
-               },
-               insertData: function(offset,text) {
-                       this.replaceData(offset,0,text);
-               
-               },
-               appendChild:function(newChild){
-                       throw new Error(ExceptionMessage[HIERARCHY_REQUEST_ERR])
-               },
-               deleteData: function(offset, count) {
-                       this.replaceData(offset,count,"");
-               },
-               replaceData: function(offset, count, text) {
-                       var start = this.data.substring(0,offset);
-                       var end = this.data.substring(offset+count);
-                       text = start + text + end;
-                       this.nodeValue = this.data = text;
-                       this.length = text.length;
-               }
-       };
-       _extends(CharacterData,Node);
-       function Text() {
-       }Text.prototype = {
-               nodeName : "#text",
-               nodeType : TEXT_NODE,
-               splitText : function(offset) {
-                       var text = this.data;
-                       var newText = text.substring(offset);
-                       text = text.substring(0, offset);
-                       this.data = this.nodeValue = text;
-                       this.length = text.length;
-                       var newNode = this.ownerDocument.createTextNode(newText);
-                       if(this.parentNode){
-                               this.parentNode.insertBefore(newNode, this.nextSibling);
-                       }
-                       return newNode;
-               }
-       };
-       _extends(Text,CharacterData);
-       function Comment() {
-       }Comment.prototype = {
-               nodeName : "#comment",
-               nodeType : COMMENT_NODE
-       };
-       _extends(Comment,CharacterData);
+         /**
+          * Returns the indexth item in the collection. If index is greater than or equal to the number of nodes in the list, this returns null.
+          * @standard level1
+          * @param index  unsigned long 
+          *   Index into the collection.
+          * @return Node
+          *    The node at the indexth position in the NodeList, or null if that is not a valid index. 
+          */
+         item: function item(index) {
+           return this[index] || null;
+         },
+         toString: function toString(isHTML, nodeFilter) {
+           for (var buf = [], i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
+             serializeToString(this[i], buf, isHTML, nodeFilter);
+           }
 
-       function CDATASection() {
-       }CDATASection.prototype = {
-               nodeName : "#cdata-section",
-               nodeType : CDATA_SECTION_NODE
+           return buf.join('');
+         }
        };
-       _extends(CDATASection,CharacterData);
-
 
-       function DocumentType() {
-       }DocumentType.prototype.nodeType = DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE;
-       _extends(DocumentType,Node);
+       function LiveNodeList(node, refresh) {
+         this._node = node;
+         this._refresh = refresh;
 
-       function Notation() {
-       }Notation.prototype.nodeType = NOTATION_NODE;
-       _extends(Notation,Node);
+         _updateLiveList(this);
+       }
 
-       function Entity() {
-       }Entity.prototype.nodeType = ENTITY_NODE;
-       _extends(Entity,Node);
+       function _updateLiveList(list) {
+         var inc = list._node._inc || list._node.ownerDocument._inc;
 
-       function EntityReference() {
-       }EntityReference.prototype.nodeType = ENTITY_REFERENCE_NODE;
-       _extends(EntityReference,Node);
+         if (list._inc != inc) {
+           var ls = list._refresh(list._node); //console.log(ls.length)
 
-       function DocumentFragment() {
-       }DocumentFragment.prototype.nodeName =  "#document-fragment";
-       DocumentFragment.prototype.nodeType =   DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE;
-       _extends(DocumentFragment,Node);
 
+           __set__(list, 'length', ls.length);
 
-       function ProcessingInstruction() {
-       }
-       ProcessingInstruction.prototype.nodeType = PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE;
-       _extends(ProcessingInstruction,Node);
-       function XMLSerializer$1(){}
-       XMLSerializer$1.prototype.serializeToString = function(node,isHtml,nodeFilter){
-               return nodeSerializeToString.call(node,isHtml,nodeFilter);
-       };
-       Node.prototype.toString = nodeSerializeToString;
-       function nodeSerializeToString(isHtml,nodeFilter){
-               var buf = [];
-               var refNode = this.nodeType == 9?this.documentElement:this;
-               var prefix = refNode.prefix;
-               var uri = refNode.namespaceURI;
-               
-               if(uri && prefix == null){
-                       //console.log(prefix)
-                       var prefix = refNode.lookupPrefix(uri);
-                       if(prefix == null){
-                               //isHTML = true;
-                               var visibleNamespaces=[
-                               {namespace:uri,prefix:null}
-                               //{namespace:uri,prefix:''}
-                               ];
-                       }
-               }
-               serializeToString(this,buf,isHtml,nodeFilter,visibleNamespaces);
-               //console.log('###',this.nodeType,uri,prefix,buf.join(''))
-               return buf.join('');
-       }
-       function needNamespaceDefine(node,isHTML, visibleNamespaces) {
-               var prefix = node.prefix||'';
-               var uri = node.namespaceURI;
-               if (!prefix && !uri){
-                       return false;
-               }
-               if (prefix === "xml" && uri === "http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" 
-                       || uri == 'http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/'){
-                       return false;
-               }
-               
-               var i = visibleNamespaces.length; 
-               //console.log('@@@@',node.tagName,prefix,uri,visibleNamespaces)
-               while (i--) {
-                       var ns = visibleNamespaces[i];
-                       // get namespace prefix
-                       //console.log(node.nodeType,node.tagName,ns.prefix,prefix)
-                       if (ns.prefix == prefix){
-                               return ns.namespace != uri;
-                       }
-               }
-               //console.log(isHTML,uri,prefix=='')
-               //if(isHTML && prefix ==null && uri == 'http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'){
-               //      return false;
-               //}
-               //node.flag = '11111'
-               //console.error(3,true,node.flag,node.prefix,node.namespaceURI)
-               return true;
-       }
-       function serializeToString(node,buf,isHTML,nodeFilter,visibleNamespaces){
-               if(nodeFilter){
-                       node = nodeFilter(node);
-                       if(node){
-                               if(typeof node == 'string'){
-                                       buf.push(node);
-                                       return;
-                               }
-                       }else {
-                               return;
-                       }
-                       //buf.sort.apply(attrs, attributeSorter);
-               }
-               switch(node.nodeType){
-               case ELEMENT_NODE:
-                       if (!visibleNamespaces) visibleNamespaces = [];
-                       var startVisibleNamespaces = visibleNamespaces.length;
-                       var attrs = node.attributes;
-                       var len = attrs.length;
-                       var child = node.firstChild;
-                       var nodeName = node.tagName;
-                       
-                       isHTML =  (htmlns === node.namespaceURI) ||isHTML; 
-                       buf.push('<',nodeName);
-                       
-                       
-                       
-                       for(var i=0;i<len;i++){
-                               // add namespaces for attributes
-                               var attr = attrs.item(i);
-                               if (attr.prefix == 'xmlns') {
-                                       visibleNamespaces.push({ prefix: attr.localName, namespace: attr.value });
-                               }else if(attr.nodeName == 'xmlns'){
-                                       visibleNamespaces.push({ prefix: '', namespace: attr.value });
-                               }
-                       }
-                       for(var i=0;i<len;i++){
-                               var attr = attrs.item(i);
-                               if (needNamespaceDefine(attr,isHTML, visibleNamespaces)) {
-                                       var prefix = attr.prefix||'';
-                                       var uri = attr.namespaceURI;
-                                       var ns = prefix ? ' xmlns:' + prefix : " xmlns";
-                                       buf.push(ns, '="' , uri , '"');
-                                       visibleNamespaces.push({ prefix: prefix, namespace:uri });
-                               }
-                               serializeToString(attr,buf,isHTML,nodeFilter,visibleNamespaces);
-                       }
-                       // add namespace for current node               
-                       if (needNamespaceDefine(node,isHTML, visibleNamespaces)) {
-                               var prefix = node.prefix||'';
-                               var uri = node.namespaceURI;
-                               var ns = prefix ? ' xmlns:' + prefix : " xmlns";
-                               buf.push(ns, '="' , uri , '"');
-                               visibleNamespaces.push({ prefix: prefix, namespace:uri });
-                       }
-                       
-                       if(child || isHTML && !/^(?:meta|link|img|br|hr|input)$/i.test(nodeName)){
-                               buf.push('>');
-                               //if is cdata child node
-                               if(isHTML && /^script$/i.test(nodeName)){
-                                       while(child){
-                                               if(child.data){
-                                                       buf.push(child.data);
-                                               }else {
-                                                       serializeToString(child,buf,isHTML,nodeFilter,visibleNamespaces);
-                                               }
-                                               child = child.nextSibling;
-                                       }
-                               }else
-                               {
-                                       while(child){
-                                               serializeToString(child,buf,isHTML,nodeFilter,visibleNamespaces);
-                                               child = child.nextSibling;
-                                       }
-                               }
-                               buf.push('</',nodeName,'>');
-                       }else {
-                               buf.push('/>');
-                       }
-                       // remove added visible namespaces
-                       //visibleNamespaces.length = startVisibleNamespaces;
-                       return;
-               case DOCUMENT_NODE:
-               case DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE:
-                       var child = node.firstChild;
-                       while(child){
-                               serializeToString(child,buf,isHTML,nodeFilter,visibleNamespaces);
-                               child = child.nextSibling;
-                       }
-                       return;
-               case ATTRIBUTE_NODE:
-                       return buf.push(' ',node.name,'="',node.value.replace(/[<&"]/g,_xmlEncoder),'"');
-               case TEXT_NODE:
-                       return buf.push(node.data.replace(/[<&]/g,_xmlEncoder));
-               case CDATA_SECTION_NODE:
-                       return buf.push( '<![CDATA[',node.data,']]>');
-               case COMMENT_NODE:
-                       return buf.push( "<!--",node.data,"-->");
-               case DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE:
-                       var pubid = node.publicId;
-                       var sysid = node.systemId;
-                       buf.push('<!DOCTYPE ',node.name);
-                       if(pubid){
-                               buf.push(' PUBLIC "',pubid);
-                               if (sysid && sysid!='.') {
-                                       buf.push( '" "',sysid);
-                               }
-                               buf.push('">');
-                       }else if(sysid && sysid!='.'){
-                               buf.push(' SYSTEM "',sysid,'">');
-                       }else {
-                               var sub = node.internalSubset;
-                               if(sub){
-                                       buf.push(" [",sub,"]");
-                               }
-                               buf.push(">");
-                       }
-                       return;
-               case PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE:
-                       return buf.push( "<?",node.target," ",node.data,"?>");
-               case ENTITY_REFERENCE_NODE:
-                       return buf.push( '&',node.nodeName,';');
-               //case ENTITY_NODE:
-               //case NOTATION_NODE:
-               default:
-                       buf.push('??',node.nodeName);
-               }
-       }
-       function importNode(doc,node,deep){
-               var node2;
-               switch (node.nodeType) {
-               case ELEMENT_NODE:
-                       node2 = node.cloneNode(false);
-                       node2.ownerDocument = doc;
-                       //var attrs = node2.attributes;
-                       //var len = attrs.length;
-                       //for(var i=0;i<len;i++){
-                               //node2.setAttributeNodeNS(importNode(doc,attrs.item(i),deep));
-                       //}
-               case DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE:
-                       break;
-               case ATTRIBUTE_NODE:
-                       deep = true;
-                       break;
-               //case ENTITY_REFERENCE_NODE:
-               //case PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE:
-               ////case TEXT_NODE:
-               //case CDATA_SECTION_NODE:
-               //case COMMENT_NODE:
-               //      deep = false;
-               //      break;
-               //case DOCUMENT_NODE:
-               //case DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE:
-               //cannot be imported.
-               //case ENTITY_NODE:
-               //case NOTATION_NODE:
-               //can not hit in level3
-               //default:throw e;
-               }
-               if(!node2){
-                       node2 = node.cloneNode(false);//false
-               }
-               node2.ownerDocument = doc;
-               node2.parentNode = null;
-               if(deep){
-                       var child = node.firstChild;
-                       while(child){
-                               node2.appendChild(importNode(doc,child,deep));
-                               child = child.nextSibling;
-                       }
-               }
-               return node2;
+           copy(ls, list);
+           list._inc = inc;
+         }
        }
-       //
-       //var _relationMap = {firstChild:1,lastChild:1,previousSibling:1,nextSibling:1,
-       //                                      attributes:1,childNodes:1,parentNode:1,documentElement:1,doctype,};
-       function cloneNode(doc,node,deep){
-               var node2 = new node.constructor();
-               for(var n in node){
-                       var v = node[n];
-                       if(typeof v != 'object' ){
-                               if(v != node2[n]){
-                                       node2[n] = v;
-                               }
-                       }
-               }
-               if(node.childNodes){
-                       node2.childNodes = new NodeList();
-               }
-               node2.ownerDocument = doc;
-               switch (node2.nodeType) {
-               case ELEMENT_NODE:
-                       var attrs       = node.attributes;
-                       var attrs2      = node2.attributes = new NamedNodeMap();
-                       var len = attrs.length;
-                       attrs2._ownerElement = node2;
-                       for(var i=0;i<len;i++){
-                               node2.setAttributeNode(cloneNode(doc,attrs.item(i),true));
-                       }
-                       break;  case ATTRIBUTE_NODE:
-                       deep = true;
-               }
-               if(deep){
-                       var child = node.firstChild;
-                       while(child){
-                               node2.appendChild(cloneNode(doc,child,deep));
-                               child = child.nextSibling;
-                       }
-               }
-               return node2;
-       }
-
-       function __set__(object,key,value){
-               object[key] = value;
-       }
-       //do dynamic
-       try{
-               if(Object.defineProperty){
-                       Object.defineProperty(LiveNodeList.prototype,'length',{
-                               get:function(){
-                                       _updateLiveList(this);
-                                       return this.$$length;
-                               }
-                       });
-                       Object.defineProperty(Node.prototype,'textContent',{
-                               get:function(){
-                                       return getTextContent(this);
-                               },
-                               set:function(data){
-                                       switch(this.nodeType){
-                                       case ELEMENT_NODE:
-                                       case DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE:
-                                               while(this.firstChild){
-                                                       this.removeChild(this.firstChild);
-                                               }
-                                               if(data || String(data)){
-                                                       this.appendChild(this.ownerDocument.createTextNode(data));
-                                               }
-                                               break;
-                                       default:
-                                               //TODO:
-                                               this.data = data;
-                                               this.value = data;
-                                               this.nodeValue = data;
-                                       }
-                               }
-                       });
-                       
-                       function getTextContent(node){
-                               switch(node.nodeType){
-                               case ELEMENT_NODE:
-                               case DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE:
-                                       var buf = [];
-                                       node = node.firstChild;
-                                       while(node){
-                                               if(node.nodeType!==7 && node.nodeType !==8){
-                                                       buf.push(getTextContent(node));
-                                               }
-                                               node = node.nextSibling;
-                                       }
-                                       return buf.join('');
-                               default:
-                                       return node.nodeValue;
-                               }
-                       }
-                       __set__ = function(object,key,value){
-                               //console.log(value)
-                               object['$$'+key] = value;
-                       };
-               }
-       }catch(e){//ie8
-       }
-
-       //if(typeof require == 'function'){
-               var DOMImplementation_1 = DOMImplementation;
-               var XMLSerializer_1 = XMLSerializer$1;
-       //}
 
-       var dom = {
-               DOMImplementation: DOMImplementation_1,
-               XMLSerializer: XMLSerializer_1
-       };
+       LiveNodeList.prototype.item = function (i) {
+         _updateLiveList(this);
 
-       var domParser = createCommonjsModule(function (module, exports) {
-       function DOMParser(options){
-               this.options = options ||{locator:{}};
-               
-       }
-       DOMParser.prototype.parseFromString = function(source,mimeType){
-               var options = this.options;
-               var sax =  new XMLReader();
-               var domBuilder = options.domBuilder || new DOMHandler();//contentHandler and LexicalHandler
-               var errorHandler = options.errorHandler;
-               var locator = options.locator;
-               var defaultNSMap = options.xmlns||{};
-               var entityMap = {'lt':'<','gt':'>','amp':'&','quot':'"','apos':"'"};
-               if(locator){
-                       domBuilder.setDocumentLocator(locator);
-               }
-               
-               sax.errorHandler = buildErrorHandler(errorHandler,domBuilder,locator);
-               sax.domBuilder = options.domBuilder || domBuilder;
-               if(/\/x?html?$/.test(mimeType)){
-                       entityMap.nbsp = '\xa0';
-                       entityMap.copy = '\xa9';
-                       defaultNSMap['']= 'http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml';
-               }
-               defaultNSMap.xml = defaultNSMap.xml || 'http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace';
-               if(source){
-                       sax.parse(source,defaultNSMap,entityMap);
-               }else {
-                       sax.errorHandler.error("invalid doc source");
-               }
-               return domBuilder.doc;
+         return this[i];
        };
-       function buildErrorHandler(errorImpl,domBuilder,locator){
-               if(!errorImpl){
-                       if(domBuilder instanceof DOMHandler){
-                               return domBuilder;
-                       }
-                       errorImpl = domBuilder ;
-               }
-               var errorHandler = {};
-               var isCallback = errorImpl instanceof Function;
-               locator = locator||{};
-               function build(key){
-                       var fn = errorImpl[key];
-                       if(!fn && isCallback){
-                               fn = errorImpl.length == 2?function(msg){errorImpl(key,msg);}:errorImpl;
-                       }
-                       errorHandler[key] = fn && function(msg){
-                               fn('[xmldom '+key+']\t'+msg+_locator(locator));
-                       }||function(){};
-               }
-               build('warning');
-               build('error');
-               build('fatalError');
-               return errorHandler;
-       }
-
-       //console.log('#\n\n\n\n\n\n\n####')
+
+       _extends(LiveNodeList, NodeList);
        /**
-        * +ContentHandler+ErrorHandler
-        * +LexicalHandler+EntityResolver2
-        * -DeclHandler-DTDHandler 
         * 
-        * DefaultHandler:EntityResolver, DTDHandler, ContentHandler, ErrorHandler
-        * DefaultHandler2:DefaultHandler,LexicalHandler, DeclHandler, EntityResolver2
-        * @link http://www.saxproject.org/apidoc/org/xml/sax/helpers/DefaultHandler.html
-        */
-       function DOMHandler() {
-           this.cdata = false;
-       }
-       function position(locator,node){
-               node.lineNumber = locator.lineNumber;
-               node.columnNumber = locator.columnNumber;
-       }
-       /**
-        * @see org.xml.sax.ContentHandler#startDocument
-        * @link http://www.saxproject.org/apidoc/org/xml/sax/ContentHandler.html
-        */ 
-       DOMHandler.prototype = {
-               startDocument : function() {
-               this.doc = new DOMImplementation().createDocument(null, null, null);
-               if (this.locator) {
-                       this.doc.documentURI = this.locator.systemId;
-               }
-               },
-               startElement:function(namespaceURI, localName, qName, attrs) {
-                       var doc = this.doc;
-                   var el = doc.createElementNS(namespaceURI, qName||localName);
-                   var len = attrs.length;
-                   appendElement(this, el);
-                   this.currentElement = el;
-                   
-                       this.locator && position(this.locator,el);
-                   for (var i = 0 ; i < len; i++) {
-                       var namespaceURI = attrs.getURI(i);
-                       var value = attrs.getValue(i);
-                       var qName = attrs.getQName(i);
-                               var attr = doc.createAttributeNS(namespaceURI, qName);
-                               this.locator &&position(attrs.getLocator(i),attr);
-                               attr.value = attr.nodeValue = value;
-                               el.setAttributeNode(attr);
-                   }
-               },
-               endElement:function(namespaceURI, localName, qName) {
-                       var current = this.currentElement;
-                       var tagName = current.tagName;
-                       this.currentElement = current.parentNode;
-               },
-               startPrefixMapping:function(prefix, uri) {
-               },
-               endPrefixMapping:function(prefix) {
-               },
-               processingInstruction:function(target, data) {
-                   var ins = this.doc.createProcessingInstruction(target, data);
-                   this.locator && position(this.locator,ins);
-                   appendElement(this, ins);
-               },
-               ignorableWhitespace:function(ch, start, length) {
-               },
-               characters:function(chars, start, length) {
-                       chars = _toString.apply(this,arguments);
-                       //console.log(chars)
-                       if(chars){
-                               if (this.cdata) {
-                                       var charNode = this.doc.createCDATASection(chars);
-                               } else {
-                                       var charNode = this.doc.createTextNode(chars);
-                               }
-                               if(this.currentElement){
-                                       this.currentElement.appendChild(charNode);
-                               }else if(/^\s*$/.test(chars)){
-                                       this.doc.appendChild(charNode);
-                                       //process xml
-                               }
-                               this.locator && position(this.locator,charNode);
-                       }
-               },
-               skippedEntity:function(name) {
-               },
-               endDocument:function() {
-                       this.doc.normalize();
-               },
-               setDocumentLocator:function (locator) {
-                   if(this.locator = locator){// && !('lineNumber' in locator)){
-                       locator.lineNumber = 0;
-                   }
-               },
-               //LexicalHandler
-               comment:function(chars, start, length) {
-                       chars = _toString.apply(this,arguments);
-                   var comm = this.doc.createComment(chars);
-                   this.locator && position(this.locator,comm);
-                   appendElement(this, comm);
-               },
-               
-               startCDATA:function() {
-                   //used in characters() methods
-                   this.cdata = true;
-               },
-               endCDATA:function() {
-                   this.cdata = false;
-               },
-               
-               startDTD:function(name, publicId, systemId) {
-                       var impl = this.doc.implementation;
-                   if (impl && impl.createDocumentType) {
-                       var dt = impl.createDocumentType(name, publicId, systemId);
-                       this.locator && position(this.locator,dt);
-                       appendElement(this, dt);
-                   }
-               },
-               /**
-                * @see org.xml.sax.ErrorHandler
-                * @link http://www.saxproject.org/apidoc/org/xml/sax/ErrorHandler.html
-                */
-               warning:function(error) {
-                       console.warn('[xmldom warning]\t'+error,_locator(this.locator));
-               },
-               error:function(error) {
-                       console.error('[xmldom error]\t'+error,_locator(this.locator));
-               },
-               fatalError:function(error) {
-                       console.error('[xmldom fatalError]\t'+error,_locator(this.locator));
-                   throw error;
-               }
-       };
-       function _locator(l){
-               if(l){
-                       return '\n@'+(l.systemId ||'')+'#[line:'+l.lineNumber+',col:'+l.columnNumber+']'
-               }
-       }
-       function _toString(chars,start,length){
-               if(typeof chars == 'string'){
-                       return chars.substr(start,length)
-               }else {//java sax connect width xmldom on rhino(what about: "? && !(chars instanceof String)")
-                       if(chars.length >= start+length || start){
-                               return new java.lang.String(chars,start,length)+'';
-                       }
-                       return chars;
-               }
-       }
-
-       /*
-        * @link http://www.saxproject.org/apidoc/org/xml/sax/ext/LexicalHandler.html
-        * used method of org.xml.sax.ext.LexicalHandler:
-        *  #comment(chars, start, length)
-        *  #startCDATA()
-        *  #endCDATA()
-        *  #startDTD(name, publicId, systemId)
-        *
-        *
-        * IGNORED method of org.xml.sax.ext.LexicalHandler:
-        *  #endDTD()
-        *  #startEntity(name)
-        *  #endEntity(name)
-        *
-        *
-        * @link http://www.saxproject.org/apidoc/org/xml/sax/ext/DeclHandler.html
-        * IGNORED method of org.xml.sax.ext.DeclHandler
-        *      #attributeDecl(eName, aName, type, mode, value)
-        *  #elementDecl(name, model)
-        *  #externalEntityDecl(name, publicId, systemId)
-        *  #internalEntityDecl(name, value)
-        * @link http://www.saxproject.org/apidoc/org/xml/sax/ext/EntityResolver2.html
-        * IGNORED method of org.xml.sax.EntityResolver2
-        *  #resolveEntity(String name,String publicId,String baseURI,String systemId)
-        *  #resolveEntity(publicId, systemId)
-        *  #getExternalSubset(name, baseURI)
-        * @link http://www.saxproject.org/apidoc/org/xml/sax/DTDHandler.html
-        * IGNORED method of org.xml.sax.DTDHandler
-        *  #notationDecl(name, publicId, systemId) {};
-        *  #unparsedEntityDecl(name, publicId, systemId, notationName) {};
+        * Objects implementing the NamedNodeMap interface are used to represent collections of nodes that can be accessed by name. Note that NamedNodeMap does not inherit from NodeList; NamedNodeMaps are not maintained in any particular order. Objects contained in an object implementing NamedNodeMap may also be accessed by an ordinal index, but this is simply to allow convenient enumeration of the contents of a NamedNodeMap, and does not imply that the DOM specifies an order to these Nodes.
+        * NamedNodeMap objects in the DOM are live.
+        * used for attributes or DocumentType entities 
         */
-       "endDTD,startEntity,endEntity,attributeDecl,elementDecl,externalEntityDecl,internalEntityDecl,resolveEntity,getExternalSubset,notationDecl,unparsedEntityDecl".replace(/\w+/g,function(key){
-               DOMHandler.prototype[key] = function(){return null};
-       });
-
-       /* Private static helpers treated below as private instance methods, so don't need to add these to the public API; we might use a Relator to also get rid of non-standard public properties */
-       function appendElement (hander,node) {
-           if (!hander.currentElement) {
-               hander.doc.appendChild(node);
-           } else {
-               hander.currentElement.appendChild(node);
-           }
-       }//appendChild and setAttributeNS are preformance key
-
-       //if(typeof require == 'function'){
-               var XMLReader = sax.XMLReader;
-               var DOMImplementation = exports.DOMImplementation = dom.DOMImplementation;
-               exports.XMLSerializer = dom.XMLSerializer ;
-               exports.DOMParser = DOMParser;
-       //}
-       });
 
-       var togeojson = createCommonjsModule(function (module, exports) {
-       var toGeoJSON = (function() {
 
-           var removeSpace = /\s*/g,
-               trimSpace = /^\s*|\s*$/g,
-               splitSpace = /\s+/;
-           // generate a short, numeric hash of a string
-           function okhash(x) {
-               if (!x || !x.length) return 0;
-               for (var i = 0, h = 0; i < x.length; i++) {
-                   h = ((h << 5) - h) + x.charCodeAt(i) | 0;
-               } return h;
-           }
-           // all Y children of X
-           function get(x, y) { return x.getElementsByTagName(y); }
-           function attr(x, y) { return x.getAttribute(y); }
-           function attrf(x, y) { return parseFloat(attr(x, y)); }
-           // one Y child of X, if any, otherwise null
-           function get1(x, y) { var n = get(x, y); return n.length ? n[0] : null; }
-           // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Node.normalize
-           function norm(el) { if (el.normalize) { el.normalize(); } return el; }
-           // cast array x into numbers
-           function numarray(x) {
-               for (var j = 0, o = []; j < x.length; j++) { o[j] = parseFloat(x[j]); }
-               return o;
-           }
-           // get the content of a text node, if any
-           function nodeVal(x) {
-               if (x) { norm(x); }
-               return (x && x.textContent) || '';
-           }
-           // get the contents of multiple text nodes, if present
-           function getMulti(x, ys) {
-               var o = {}, n, k;
-               for (k = 0; k < ys.length; k++) {
-                   n = get1(x, ys[k]);
-                   if (n) o[ys[k]] = nodeVal(n);
-               }
-               return o;
-           }
-           // add properties of Y to X, overwriting if present in both
-           function extend(x, y) { for (var k in y) x[k] = y[k]; }
-           // get one coordinate from a coordinate array, if any
-           function coord1(v) { return numarray(v.replace(removeSpace, '').split(',')); }
-           // get all coordinates from a coordinate array as [[],[]]
-           function coord(v) {
-               var coords = v.replace(trimSpace, '').split(splitSpace),
-                   o = [];
-               for (var i = 0; i < coords.length; i++) {
-                   o.push(coord1(coords[i]));
-               }
-               return o;
-           }
-           function coordPair(x) {
-               var ll = [attrf(x, 'lon'), attrf(x, 'lat')],
-                   ele = get1(x, 'ele'),
-                   // handle namespaced attribute in browser
-                   heartRate = get1(x, 'gpxtpx:hr') || get1(x, 'hr'),
-                   time = get1(x, 'time'),
-                   e;
-               if (ele) {
-                   e = parseFloat(nodeVal(ele));
-                   if (!isNaN(e)) {
-                       ll.push(e);
-                   }
-               }
-               return {
-                   coordinates: ll,
-                   time: time ? nodeVal(time) : null,
-                   heartRate: heartRate ? parseFloat(nodeVal(heartRate)) : null
-               };
-           }
+       function NamedNodeMap() {}
 
-           // create a new feature collection parent object
-           function fc() {
-               return {
-                   type: 'FeatureCollection',
-                   features: []
-               };
-           }
+       function _findNodeIndex(list, node) {
+         var i = list.length;
 
-           var serializer;
-           if (typeof XMLSerializer !== 'undefined') {
-               /* istanbul ignore next */
-               serializer = new XMLSerializer();
-           // only require xmldom in a node environment
-           } else if ( typeof process === 'object' && !process.browser) {
-               serializer = new (domParser.XMLSerializer)();
-           }
-           function xml2str(str) {
-               // IE9 will create a new XMLSerializer but it'll crash immediately.
-               // This line is ignored because we don't run coverage tests in IE9
-               /* istanbul ignore next */
-               if (str.xml !== undefined) return str.xml;
-               return serializer.serializeToString(str);
+         while (i--) {
+           if (list[i] === node) {
+             return i;
            }
+         }
+       }
 
-           var t = {
-               kml: function(doc) {
-
-                   var gj = fc(),
-                       // styleindex keeps track of hashed styles in order to match features
-                       styleIndex = {}, styleByHash = {},
-                       // stylemapindex keeps track of style maps to expose in properties
-                       styleMapIndex = {},
-                       // atomic geospatial types supported by KML - MultiGeometry is
-                       // handled separately
-                       geotypes = ['Polygon', 'LineString', 'Point', 'Track', 'gx:Track'],
-                       // all root placemarks in the file
-                       placemarks = get(doc, 'Placemark'),
-                       styles = get(doc, 'Style'),
-                       styleMaps = get(doc, 'StyleMap');
-
-                   for (var k = 0; k < styles.length; k++) {
-                       var hash = okhash(xml2str(styles[k])).toString(16);
-                       styleIndex['#' + attr(styles[k], 'id')] = hash;
-                       styleByHash[hash] = styles[k];
-                   }
-                   for (var l = 0; l < styleMaps.length; l++) {
-                       styleIndex['#' + attr(styleMaps[l], 'id')] = okhash(xml2str(styleMaps[l])).toString(16);
-                       var pairs = get(styleMaps[l], 'Pair');
-                       var pairsMap = {};
-                       for (var m = 0; m < pairs.length; m++) {
-                           pairsMap[nodeVal(get1(pairs[m], 'key'))] = nodeVal(get1(pairs[m], 'styleUrl'));
-                       }
-                       styleMapIndex['#' + attr(styleMaps[l], 'id')] = pairsMap;
-
-                   }
-                   for (var j = 0; j < placemarks.length; j++) {
-                       gj.features = gj.features.concat(getPlacemark(placemarks[j]));
-                   }
-                   function kmlColor(v) {
-                       var color, opacity;
-                       v = v || '';
-                       if (v.substr(0, 1) === '#') { v = v.substr(1); }
-                       if (v.length === 6 || v.length === 3) { color = v; }
-                       if (v.length === 8) {
-                           opacity = parseInt(v.substr(0, 2), 16) / 255;
-                           color = '#' + v.substr(6, 2) +
-                               v.substr(4, 2) +
-                               v.substr(2, 2);
-                       }
-                       return [color, isNaN(opacity) ? undefined : opacity];
-                   }
-                   function gxCoord(v) { return numarray(v.split(' ')); }
-                   function gxCoords(root) {
-                       var elems = get(root, 'coord'), coords = [], times = [];
-                       if (elems.length === 0) elems = get(root, 'gx:coord');
-                       for (var i = 0; i < elems.length; i++) coords.push(gxCoord(nodeVal(elems[i])));
-                       var timeElems = get(root, 'when');
-                       for (var j = 0; j < timeElems.length; j++) times.push(nodeVal(timeElems[j]));
-                       return {
-                           coords: coords,
-                           times: times
-                       };
-                   }
-                   function getGeometry(root) {
-                       var geomNode, geomNodes, i, j, k, geoms = [], coordTimes = [];
-                       if (get1(root, 'MultiGeometry')) { return getGeometry(get1(root, 'MultiGeometry')); }
-                       if (get1(root, 'MultiTrack')) { return getGeometry(get1(root, 'MultiTrack')); }
-                       if (get1(root, 'gx:MultiTrack')) { return getGeometry(get1(root, 'gx:MultiTrack')); }
-                       for (i = 0; i < geotypes.length; i++) {
-                           geomNodes = get(root, geotypes[i]);
-                           if (geomNodes) {
-                               for (j = 0; j < geomNodes.length; j++) {
-                                   geomNode = geomNodes[j];
-                                   if (geotypes[i] === 'Point') {
-                                       geoms.push({
-                                           type: 'Point',
-                                           coordinates: coord1(nodeVal(get1(geomNode, 'coordinates')))
-                                       });
-                                   } else if (geotypes[i] === 'LineString') {
-                                       geoms.push({
-                                           type: 'LineString',
-                                           coordinates: coord(nodeVal(get1(geomNode, 'coordinates')))
-                                       });
-                                   } else if (geotypes[i] === 'Polygon') {
-                                       var rings = get(geomNode, 'LinearRing'),
-                                           coords = [];
-                                       for (k = 0; k < rings.length; k++) {
-                                           coords.push(coord(nodeVal(get1(rings[k], 'coordinates'))));
-                                       }
-                                       geoms.push({
-                                           type: 'Polygon',
-                                           coordinates: coords
-                                       });
-                                   } else if (geotypes[i] === 'Track' ||
-                                       geotypes[i] === 'gx:Track') {
-                                       var track = gxCoords(geomNode);
-                                       geoms.push({
-                                           type: 'LineString',
-                                           coordinates: track.coords
-                                       });
-                                       if (track.times.length) coordTimes.push(track.times);
-                                   }
-                               }
-                           }
-                       }
-                       return {
-                           geoms: geoms,
-                           coordTimes: coordTimes
-                       };
-                   }
-                   function getPlacemark(root) {
-                       var geomsAndTimes = getGeometry(root), i, properties = {},
-                           name = nodeVal(get1(root, 'name')),
-                           address = nodeVal(get1(root, 'address')),
-                           styleUrl = nodeVal(get1(root, 'styleUrl')),
-                           description = nodeVal(get1(root, 'description')),
-                           timeSpan = get1(root, 'TimeSpan'),
-                           timeStamp = get1(root, 'TimeStamp'),
-                           extendedData = get1(root, 'ExtendedData'),
-                           lineStyle = get1(root, 'LineStyle'),
-                           polyStyle = get1(root, 'PolyStyle'),
-                           visibility = get1(root, 'visibility');
-
-                       if (!geomsAndTimes.geoms.length) return [];
-                       if (name) properties.name = name;
-                       if (address) properties.address = address;
-                       if (styleUrl) {
-                           if (styleUrl[0] !== '#') {
-                               styleUrl = '#' + styleUrl;
-                           }
-
-                           properties.styleUrl = styleUrl;
-                           if (styleIndex[styleUrl]) {
-                               properties.styleHash = styleIndex[styleUrl];
-                           }
-                           if (styleMapIndex[styleUrl]) {
-                               properties.styleMapHash = styleMapIndex[styleUrl];
-                               properties.styleHash = styleIndex[styleMapIndex[styleUrl].normal];
-                           }
-                           // Try to populate the lineStyle or polyStyle since we got the style hash
-                           var style = styleByHash[properties.styleHash];
-                           if (style) {
-                               if (!lineStyle) lineStyle = get1(style, 'LineStyle');
-                               if (!polyStyle) polyStyle = get1(style, 'PolyStyle');
-                           }
-                       }
-                       if (description) properties.description = description;
-                       if (timeSpan) {
-                           var begin = nodeVal(get1(timeSpan, 'begin'));
-                           var end = nodeVal(get1(timeSpan, 'end'));
-                           properties.timespan = { begin: begin, end: end };
-                       }
-                       if (timeStamp) {
-                           properties.timestamp = nodeVal(get1(timeStamp, 'when'));
-                       }
-                       if (lineStyle) {
-                           var linestyles = kmlColor(nodeVal(get1(lineStyle, 'color'))),
-                               color = linestyles[0],
-                               opacity = linestyles[1],
-                               width = parseFloat(nodeVal(get1(lineStyle, 'width')));
-                           if (color) properties.stroke = color;
-                           if (!isNaN(opacity)) properties['stroke-opacity'] = opacity;
-                           if (!isNaN(width)) properties['stroke-width'] = width;
-                       }
-                       if (polyStyle) {
-                           var polystyles = kmlColor(nodeVal(get1(polyStyle, 'color'))),
-                               pcolor = polystyles[0],
-                               popacity = polystyles[1],
-                               fill = nodeVal(get1(polyStyle, 'fill')),
-                               outline = nodeVal(get1(polyStyle, 'outline'));
-                           if (pcolor) properties.fill = pcolor;
-                           if (!isNaN(popacity)) properties['fill-opacity'] = popacity;
-                           if (fill) properties['fill-opacity'] = fill === '1' ? properties['fill-opacity'] || 1 : 0;
-                           if (outline) properties['stroke-opacity'] = outline === '1' ? properties['stroke-opacity'] || 1 : 0;
-                       }
-                       if (extendedData) {
-                           var datas = get(extendedData, 'Data'),
-                               simpleDatas = get(extendedData, 'SimpleData');
-
-                           for (i = 0; i < datas.length; i++) {
-                               properties[datas[i].getAttribute('name')] = nodeVal(get1(datas[i], 'value'));
-                           }
-                           for (i = 0; i < simpleDatas.length; i++) {
-                               properties[simpleDatas[i].getAttribute('name')] = nodeVal(simpleDatas[i]);
-                           }
-                       }
-                       if (visibility) {
-                           properties.visibility = nodeVal(visibility);
-                       }
-                       if (geomsAndTimes.coordTimes.length) {
-                           properties.coordTimes = (geomsAndTimes.coordTimes.length === 1) ?
-                               geomsAndTimes.coordTimes[0] : geomsAndTimes.coordTimes;
-                       }
-                       var feature = {
-                           type: 'Feature',
-                           geometry: (geomsAndTimes.geoms.length === 1) ? geomsAndTimes.geoms[0] : {
-                               type: 'GeometryCollection',
-                               geometries: geomsAndTimes.geoms
-                           },
-                           properties: properties
-                       };
-                       if (attr(root, 'id')) feature.id = attr(root, 'id');
-                       return [feature];
-                   }
-                   return gj;
-               },
-               gpx: function(doc) {
-                   var i,
-                       tracks = get(doc, 'trk'),
-                       routes = get(doc, 'rte'),
-                       waypoints = get(doc, 'wpt'),
-                       // a feature collection
-                       gj = fc(),
-                       feature;
-                   for (i = 0; i < tracks.length; i++) {
-                       feature = getTrack(tracks[i]);
-                       if (feature) gj.features.push(feature);
-                   }
-                   for (i = 0; i < routes.length; i++) {
-                       feature = getRoute(routes[i]);
-                       if (feature) gj.features.push(feature);
-                   }
-                   for (i = 0; i < waypoints.length; i++) {
-                       gj.features.push(getPoint(waypoints[i]));
-                   }
-                   function getPoints(node, pointname) {
-                       var pts = get(node, pointname),
-                           line = [],
-                           times = [],
-                           heartRates = [],
-                           l = pts.length;
-                       if (l < 2) return {};  // Invalid line in GeoJSON
-                       for (var i = 0; i < l; i++) {
-                           var c = coordPair(pts[i]);
-                           line.push(c.coordinates);
-                           if (c.time) times.push(c.time);
-                           if (c.heartRate) heartRates.push(c.heartRate);
-                       }
-                       return {
-                           line: line,
-                           times: times,
-                           heartRates: heartRates
-                       };
-                   }
-                   function getTrack(node) {
-                       var segments = get(node, 'trkseg'),
-                           track = [],
-                           times = [],
-                           heartRates = [],
-                           line;
-                       for (var i = 0; i < segments.length; i++) {
-                           line = getPoints(segments[i], 'trkpt');
-                           if (line) {
-                               if (line.line) track.push(line.line);
-                               if (line.times && line.times.length) times.push(line.times);
-                               if (line.heartRates && line.heartRates.length) heartRates.push(line.heartRates);
-                           }
-                       }
-                       if (track.length === 0) return;
-                       var properties = getProperties(node);
-                       extend(properties, getLineStyle(get1(node, 'extensions')));
-                       if (times.length) properties.coordTimes = track.length === 1 ? times[0] : times;
-                       if (heartRates.length) properties.heartRates = track.length === 1 ? heartRates[0] : heartRates;
-                       return {
-                           type: 'Feature',
-                           properties: properties,
-                           geometry: {
-                               type: track.length === 1 ? 'LineString' : 'MultiLineString',
-                               coordinates: track.length === 1 ? track[0] : track
-                           }
-                       };
-                   }
-                   function getRoute(node) {
-                       var line = getPoints(node, 'rtept');
-                       if (!line.line) return;
-                       var prop = getProperties(node);
-                       extend(prop, getLineStyle(get1(node, 'extensions')));
-                       var routeObj = {
-                           type: 'Feature',
-                           properties: prop,
-                           geometry: {
-                               type: 'LineString',
-                               coordinates: line.line
-                           }
-                       };
-                       return routeObj;
-                   }
-                   function getPoint(node) {
-                       var prop = getProperties(node);
-                       extend(prop, getMulti(node, ['sym']));
-                       return {
-                           type: 'Feature',
-                           properties: prop,
-                           geometry: {
-                               type: 'Point',
-                               coordinates: coordPair(node).coordinates
-                           }
-                       };
-                   }
-                   function getLineStyle(extensions) {
-                       var style = {};
-                       if (extensions) {
-                           var lineStyle = get1(extensions, 'line');
-                           if (lineStyle) {
-                               var color = nodeVal(get1(lineStyle, 'color')),
-                                   opacity = parseFloat(nodeVal(get1(lineStyle, 'opacity'))),
-                                   width = parseFloat(nodeVal(get1(lineStyle, 'width')));
-                               if (color) style.stroke = color;
-                               if (!isNaN(opacity)) style['stroke-opacity'] = opacity;
-                               // GPX width is in mm, convert to px with 96 px per inch
-                               if (!isNaN(width)) style['stroke-width'] = width * 96 / 25.4;
-                           }
-                       }
-                       return style;
-                   }
-                   function getProperties(node) {
-                       var prop = getMulti(node, ['name', 'cmt', 'desc', 'type', 'time', 'keywords']),
-                           links = get(node, 'link');
-                       if (links.length) prop.links = [];
-                       for (var i = 0, link; i < links.length; i++) {
-                           link = { href: attr(links[i], 'href') };
-                           extend(link, getMulti(links[i], ['text', 'type']));
-                           prop.links.push(link);
-                       }
-                       return prop;
-                   }
-                   return gj;
-               }
-           };
-           return t;
-       })();
+       function _addNamedNode(el, list, newAttr, oldAttr) {
+         if (oldAttr) {
+           list[_findNodeIndex(list, oldAttr)] = newAttr;
+         } else {
+           list[list.length++] = newAttr;
+         }
 
-       module.exports = toGeoJSON;
-       });
+         if (el) {
+           newAttr.ownerElement = el;
+           var doc = el.ownerDocument;
 
-       var _initialized = false;
-       var _enabled = false;
-       var _geojson;
+           if (doc) {
+             oldAttr && _onRemoveAttribute(doc, el, oldAttr);
 
+             _onAddAttribute(doc, el, newAttr);
+           }
+         }
+       }
 
-       function svgData(projection, context, dispatch) {
-           var throttledRedraw = throttle(function () { dispatch.call('change'); }, 1000);
-           var _showLabels = true;
-           var detected = utilDetect();
-           var layer = select(null);
-           var _vtService;
-           var _fileList;
-           var _template;
-           var _src;
+       function _removeNamedNode(el, list, attr) {
+         //console.log('remove attr:'+attr)
+         var i = _findNodeIndex(list, attr);
 
+         if (i >= 0) {
+           var lastIndex = list.length - 1;
 
-           function init() {
-               if (_initialized) return;  // run once
+           while (i < lastIndex) {
+             list[i] = list[++i];
+           }
 
-               _geojson = {};
-               _enabled = true;
+           list.length = lastIndex;
 
-               function over() {
-                   event.stopPropagation();
-                   event.preventDefault();
-                   event.dataTransfer.dropEffect = 'copy';
-               }
+           if (el) {
+             var doc = el.ownerDocument;
 
-               context.container()
-                   .attr('dropzone', 'copy')
-                   .on('drop.svgData', function() {
-                       event.stopPropagation();
-                       event.preventDefault();
-                       if (!detected.filedrop) return;
-                       drawData.fileList(event.dataTransfer.files);
-                   })
-                   .on('dragenter.svgData', over)
-                   .on('dragexit.svgData', over)
-                   .on('dragover.svgData', over);
+             if (doc) {
+               _onRemoveAttribute(doc, el, attr);
 
-               _initialized = true;
+               attr.ownerElement = null;
+             }
            }
+         } else {
+           throw DOMException$1(NOT_FOUND_ERR, new Error(el.tagName + '@' + attr));
+         }
+       }
 
+       NamedNodeMap.prototype = {
+         length: 0,
+         item: NodeList.prototype.item,
+         getNamedItem: function getNamedItem(key) {
+           //          if(key.indexOf(':')>0 || key == 'xmlns'){
+           //                  return null;
+           //          }
+           //console.log()
+           var i = this.length;
 
-           function getService() {
-               if (services.vectorTile && !_vtService) {
-                   _vtService = services.vectorTile;
-                   _vtService.event.on('loadedData', throttledRedraw);
-               } else if (!services.vectorTile && _vtService) {
-                   _vtService = null;
-               }
+           while (i--) {
+             var attr = this[i]; //console.log(attr.nodeName,key)
 
-               return _vtService;
+             if (attr.nodeName == key) {
+               return attr;
+             }
            }
+         },
+         setNamedItem: function setNamedItem(attr) {
+           var el = attr.ownerElement;
 
-
-           function showLayer() {
-               layerOn();
-
-               layer
-                   .style('opacity', 0)
-                   .transition()
-                   .duration(250)
-                   .style('opacity', 1)
-                   .on('end', function () { dispatch.call('change'); });
+           if (el && el != this._ownerElement) {
+             throw new DOMException$1(INUSE_ATTRIBUTE_ERR);
            }
 
+           var oldAttr = this.getNamedItem(attr.nodeName);
 
-           function hideLayer() {
-               throttledRedraw.cancel();
+           _addNamedNode(this._ownerElement, this, attr, oldAttr);
 
-               layer
-                   .transition()
-                   .duration(250)
-                   .style('opacity', 0)
-                   .on('end', layerOff);
-           }
+           return oldAttr;
+         },
 
+         /* returns Node */
+         setNamedItemNS: function setNamedItemNS(attr) {
+           // raises: WRONG_DOCUMENT_ERR,NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR,INUSE_ATTRIBUTE_ERR
+           var el = attr.ownerElement,
+               oldAttr;
 
-           function layerOn() {
-               layer.style('display', 'block');
+           if (el && el != this._ownerElement) {
+             throw new DOMException$1(INUSE_ATTRIBUTE_ERR);
            }
 
+           oldAttr = this.getNamedItemNS(attr.namespaceURI, attr.localName);
 
-           function layerOff() {
-               layer.selectAll('.viewfield-group').remove();
-               layer.style('display', 'none');
-           }
+           _addNamedNode(this._ownerElement, this, attr, oldAttr);
 
+           return oldAttr;
+         },
 
-           // ensure that all geojson features in a collection have IDs
-           function ensureIDs(gj) {
-               if (!gj) return null;
+         /* returns Node */
+         removeNamedItem: function removeNamedItem(key) {
+           var attr = this.getNamedItem(key);
 
-               if (gj.type === 'FeatureCollection') {
-                   for (var i = 0; i < gj.features.length; i++) {
-                       ensureFeatureID(gj.features[i]);
-                   }
-               } else {
-                   ensureFeatureID(gj);
-               }
-               return gj;
-           }
+           _removeNamedNode(this._ownerElement, this, attr);
 
+           return attr;
+         },
+         // raises: NOT_FOUND_ERR,NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR
+         //for level2
+         removeNamedItemNS: function removeNamedItemNS(namespaceURI, localName) {
+           var attr = this.getNamedItemNS(namespaceURI, localName);
 
-           // ensure that each single Feature object has a unique ID
-           function ensureFeatureID(feature) {
-               if (!feature) return;
-               feature.__featurehash__ = utilHashcode(fastJsonStableStringify(feature));
-               return feature;
-           }
+           _removeNamedNode(this._ownerElement, this, attr);
 
+           return attr;
+         },
+         getNamedItemNS: function getNamedItemNS(namespaceURI, localName) {
+           var i = this.length;
 
-           // Prefer an array of Features instead of a FeatureCollection
-           function getFeatures(gj) {
-               if (!gj) return [];
+           while (i--) {
+             var node = this[i];
 
-               if (gj.type === 'FeatureCollection') {
-                   return gj.features;
-               } else {
-                   return [gj];
-               }
+             if (node.localName == localName && node.namespaceURI == namespaceURI) {
+               return node;
+             }
            }
 
+           return null;
+         }
+       };
+       /**
+        * @see http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-DOM-Level-1/level-one-core.html#ID-102161490
+        */
 
-           function featureKey(d) {
-               return d.__featurehash__;
+       function DOMImplementation(
+       /* Object */
+       features) {
+         this._features = {};
+
+         if (features) {
+           for (var feature in features) {
+             this._features = features[feature];
+           }
+         }
+       }
+       DOMImplementation.prototype = {
+         hasFeature: function hasFeature(
+         /* string */
+         feature,
+         /* string */
+         version) {
+           var versions = this._features[feature.toLowerCase()];
+
+           if (versions && (!version || version in versions)) {
+             return true;
+           } else {
+             return false;
            }
+         },
+         // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
+         createDocument: function createDocument(namespaceURI, qualifiedName, doctype) {
+           // raises:INVALID_CHARACTER_ERR,NAMESPACE_ERR,WRONG_DOCUMENT_ERR
+           var doc = new Document();
+           doc.implementation = this;
+           doc.childNodes = new NodeList();
+           doc.doctype = doctype;
 
+           if (doctype) {
+             doc.appendChild(doctype);
+           }
 
-           function isPolygon(d) {
-               return d.geometry.type === 'Polygon' || d.geometry.type === 'MultiPolygon';
+           if (qualifiedName) {
+             var root = doc.createElementNS(namespaceURI, qualifiedName);
+             doc.appendChild(root);
            }
 
+           return doc;
+         },
+         // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
+         createDocumentType: function createDocumentType(qualifiedName, publicId, systemId) {
+           // raises:INVALID_CHARACTER_ERR,NAMESPACE_ERR
+           var node = new DocumentType();
+           node.name = qualifiedName;
+           node.nodeName = qualifiedName;
+           node.publicId = publicId;
+           node.systemId = systemId; // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
+           //readonly attribute DOMString        internalSubset;
+           //TODO:..
+           //  readonly attribute NamedNodeMap     entities;
+           //  readonly attribute NamedNodeMap     notations;
 
-           function clipPathID(d) {
-               return 'ideditor-data-' + d.__featurehash__ + '-clippath';
-           }
+           return node;
+         }
+       };
+       /**
+        * @see http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-DOM-Level-2-Core-20001113/core.html#ID-1950641247
+        */
 
+       function Node() {}
+       Node.prototype = {
+         firstChild: null,
+         lastChild: null,
+         previousSibling: null,
+         nextSibling: null,
+         attributes: null,
+         parentNode: null,
+         childNodes: null,
+         ownerDocument: null,
+         nodeValue: null,
+         namespaceURI: null,
+         prefix: null,
+         localName: null,
+         // Modified in DOM Level 2:
+         insertBefore: function insertBefore(newChild, refChild) {
+           //raises 
+           return _insertBefore(this, newChild, refChild);
+         },
+         replaceChild: function replaceChild(newChild, oldChild) {
+           //raises 
+           this.insertBefore(newChild, oldChild);
 
-           function featureClasses(d) {
-               return [
-                   'data' + d.__featurehash__,
-                   d.geometry.type,
-                   isPolygon(d) ? 'area' : '',
-                   d.__layerID__ || ''
-               ].filter(Boolean).join(' ');
+           if (oldChild) {
+             this.removeChild(oldChild);
            }
+         },
+         removeChild: function removeChild(oldChild) {
+           return _removeChild(this, oldChild);
+         },
+         appendChild: function appendChild(newChild) {
+           return this.insertBefore(newChild, null);
+         },
+         hasChildNodes: function hasChildNodes() {
+           return this.firstChild != null;
+         },
+         cloneNode: function cloneNode(deep) {
+           return _cloneNode(this.ownerDocument || this, this, deep);
+         },
+         // Modified in DOM Level 2:
+         normalize: function normalize() {
+           var child = this.firstChild;
 
+           while (child) {
+             var next = child.nextSibling;
 
-           function drawData(selection) {
-               var vtService = getService();
-               var getPath = svgPath(projection).geojson;
-               var getAreaPath = svgPath(projection, null, true).geojson;
-               var hasData = drawData.hasData();
+             if (next && next.nodeType == TEXT_NODE && child.nodeType == TEXT_NODE) {
+               this.removeChild(next);
+               child.appendData(next.data);
+             } else {
+               child.normalize();
+               child = next;
+             }
+           }
+         },
+         // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
+         isSupported: function isSupported(feature, version) {
+           return this.ownerDocument.implementation.hasFeature(feature, version);
+         },
+         // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
+         hasAttributes: function hasAttributes() {
+           return this.attributes.length > 0;
+         },
+         lookupPrefix: function lookupPrefix(namespaceURI) {
+           var el = this;
 
-               layer = selection.selectAll('.layer-mapdata')
-                   .data(_enabled && hasData ? [0] : []);
+           while (el) {
+             var map = el._nsMap; //console.dir(map)
 
-               layer.exit()
-                   .remove();
+             if (map) {
+               for (var n in map) {
+                 if (map[n] == namespaceURI) {
+                   return n;
+                 }
+               }
+             }
 
-               layer = layer.enter()
-                   .append('g')
-                   .attr('class', 'layer-mapdata')
-                   .merge(layer);
+             el = el.nodeType == ATTRIBUTE_NODE ? el.ownerDocument : el.parentNode;
+           }
 
-               var surface = context.surface();
-               if (!surface || surface.empty()) return;  // not ready to draw yet, starting up
+           return null;
+         },
+         // Introduced in DOM Level 3:
+         lookupNamespaceURI: function lookupNamespaceURI(prefix) {
+           var el = this;
 
+           while (el) {
+             var map = el._nsMap; //console.dir(map)
 
-               // Gather data
-               var geoData, polygonData;
-               if (_template && vtService) {   // fetch data from vector tile service
-                   var sourceID = _template;
-                   vtService.loadTiles(sourceID, _template, projection);
-                   geoData = vtService.data(sourceID, projection);
-               } else {
-                   geoData = getFeatures(_geojson);
+             if (map) {
+               if (prefix in map) {
+                 return map[prefix];
                }
-               geoData = geoData.filter(getPath);
-               polygonData = geoData.filter(isPolygon);
+             }
 
+             el = el.nodeType == ATTRIBUTE_NODE ? el.ownerDocument : el.parentNode;
+           }
 
-               // Draw clip paths for polygons
-               var clipPaths = surface.selectAll('defs').selectAll('.clipPath-data')
-                  .data(polygonData, featureKey);
+           return null;
+         },
+         // Introduced in DOM Level 3:
+         isDefaultNamespace: function isDefaultNamespace(namespaceURI) {
+           var prefix = this.lookupPrefix(namespaceURI);
+           return prefix == null;
+         }
+       };
 
-               clipPaths.exit()
-                  .remove();
+       function _xmlEncoder(c) {
+         return c == '<' && '&lt;' || c == '>' && '&gt;' || c == '&' && '&amp;' || c == '"' && '&quot;' || '&#' + c.charCodeAt() + ';';
+       }
 
-               var clipPathsEnter = clipPaths.enter()
-                  .append('clipPath')
-                  .attr('class', 'clipPath-data')
-                  .attr('id', clipPathID);
+       copy(NodeType, Node);
+       copy(NodeType, Node.prototype);
+       /**
+        * @param callback return true for continue,false for break
+        * @return boolean true: break visit;
+        */
 
-               clipPathsEnter
-                  .append('path');
+       function _visitNode(node, callback) {
+         if (callback(node)) {
+           return true;
+         }
 
-               clipPaths.merge(clipPathsEnter)
-                  .selectAll('path')
-                  .attr('d', getAreaPath);
+         if (node = node.firstChild) {
+           do {
+             if (_visitNode(node, callback)) {
+               return true;
+             }
+           } while (node = node.nextSibling);
+         }
+       }
 
+       function Document() {}
 
-               // Draw fill, shadow, stroke layers
-               var datagroups = layer
-                   .selectAll('g.datagroup')
-                   .data(['fill', 'shadow', 'stroke']);
+       function _onAddAttribute(doc, el, newAttr) {
+         doc && doc._inc++;
+         var ns = newAttr.namespaceURI;
 
-               datagroups = datagroups.enter()
-                   .append('g')
-                   .attr('class', function(d) { return 'datagroup datagroup-' + d; })
-                   .merge(datagroups);
+         if (ns == 'http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/') {
+           //update namespace
+           el._nsMap[newAttr.prefix ? newAttr.localName : ''] = newAttr.value;
+         }
+       }
 
+       function _onRemoveAttribute(doc, el, newAttr, remove) {
+         doc && doc._inc++;
+         var ns = newAttr.namespaceURI;
 
-               // Draw paths
-               var pathData = {
-                   fill: polygonData,
-                   shadow: geoData,
-                   stroke: geoData
-               };
+         if (ns == 'http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/') {
+           //update namespace
+           delete el._nsMap[newAttr.prefix ? newAttr.localName : ''];
+         }
+       }
 
-               var paths = datagroups
-                   .selectAll('path')
-                   .data(function(layer) { return pathData[layer]; }, featureKey);
-
-               // exit
-               paths.exit()
-                   .remove();
-
-               // enter/update
-               paths = paths.enter()
-                   .append('path')
-                   .attr('class', function(d) {
-                       var datagroup = this.parentNode.__data__;
-                       return 'pathdata ' + datagroup + ' ' + featureClasses(d);
-                   })
-                   .attr('clip-path', function(d) {
-                       var datagroup = this.parentNode.__data__;
-                       return datagroup === 'fill' ? ('url(#' + clipPathID(d) + ')') : null;
-                   })
-                   .merge(paths)
-                   .attr('d', function(d) {
-                       var datagroup = this.parentNode.__data__;
-                       return datagroup === 'fill' ? getAreaPath(d) : getPath(d);
-                   });
+       function _onUpdateChild(doc, el, newChild) {
+         if (doc && doc._inc) {
+           doc._inc++; //update childNodes
 
+           var cs = el.childNodes;
 
-               // Draw labels
-               layer
-                   .call(drawLabels, 'label-halo', geoData)
-                   .call(drawLabels, 'label', geoData);
+           if (newChild) {
+             cs[cs.length++] = newChild;
+           } else {
+             //console.log(1)
+             var child = el.firstChild;
+             var i = 0;
 
+             while (child) {
+               cs[i++] = child;
+               child = child.nextSibling;
+             }
 
-               function drawLabels(selection, textClass, data) {
-                   var labelPath = d3_geoPath(projection);
-                   var labelData = data.filter(function(d) {
-                       return _showLabels && d.properties && (d.properties.desc || d.properties.name);
-                   });
+             cs.length = i;
+           }
+         }
+       }
+       /**
+        * attributes;
+        * children;
+        * 
+        * writeable properties:
+        * nodeValue,Attr:value,CharacterData:data
+        * prefix
+        */
 
-                   var labels = selection.selectAll('text.' + textClass)
-                       .data(labelData, featureKey);
 
-                   // exit
-                   labels.exit()
-                       .remove();
+       function _removeChild(parentNode, child) {
+         var previous = child.previousSibling;
+         var next = child.nextSibling;
 
-                   // enter/update
-                   labels = labels.enter()
-                       .append('text')
-                       .attr('class', function(d) { return textClass + ' ' + featureClasses(d); })
-                       .merge(labels)
-                       .text(function(d) {
-                           return d.properties.desc || d.properties.name;
-                       })
-                       .attr('x', function(d) {
-                           var centroid = labelPath.centroid(d);
-                           return centroid[0] + 11;
-                       })
-                       .attr('y', function(d) {
-                           var centroid = labelPath.centroid(d);
-                           return centroid[1];
-                       });
-               }
-           }
+         if (previous) {
+           previous.nextSibling = next;
+         } else {
+           parentNode.firstChild = next;
+         }
 
+         if (next) {
+           next.previousSibling = previous;
+         } else {
+           parentNode.lastChild = previous;
+         }
 
-           function getExtension(fileName) {
-               if (!fileName) return;
+         _onUpdateChild(parentNode.ownerDocument, parentNode);
 
-               var re = /\.(gpx|kml|(geo)?json)$/i;
-               var match = fileName.toLowerCase().match(re);
-               return match && match.length && match[0];
-           }
+         return child;
+       }
+       /**
+        * preformance key(refChild == null)
+        */
 
 
-           function xmlToDom(textdata) {
-               return (new DOMParser()).parseFromString(textdata, 'text/xml');
-           }
+       function _insertBefore(parentNode, newChild, nextChild) {
+         var cp = newChild.parentNode;
 
+         if (cp) {
+           cp.removeChild(newChild); //remove and update
+         }
 
-           drawData.setFile = function(extension, data) {
-               _template = null;
-               _fileList = null;
-               _geojson = null;
-               _src = null;
+         if (newChild.nodeType === DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE) {
+           var newFirst = newChild.firstChild;
 
-               var gj;
-               switch (extension) {
-                   case '.gpx':
-                       gj = togeojson.gpx(xmlToDom(data));
-                       break;
-                   case '.kml':
-                       gj = togeojson.kml(xmlToDom(data));
-                       break;
-                   case '.geojson':
-                   case '.json':
-                       gj = JSON.parse(data);
-                       break;
-               }
+           if (newFirst == null) {
+             return newChild;
+           }
 
-               gj = gj || {};
-               if (Object.keys(gj).length) {
-                   _geojson = ensureIDs(gj);
-                   _src = extension + ' data file';
-                   this.fitZoom();
-               }
+           var newLast = newChild.lastChild;
+         } else {
+           newFirst = newLast = newChild;
+         }
 
-               dispatch.call('change');
-               return this;
-           };
+         var pre = nextChild ? nextChild.previousSibling : parentNode.lastChild;
+         newFirst.previousSibling = pre;
+         newLast.nextSibling = nextChild;
 
+         if (pre) {
+           pre.nextSibling = newFirst;
+         } else {
+           parentNode.firstChild = newFirst;
+         }
 
-           drawData.showLabels = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _showLabels;
+         if (nextChild == null) {
+           parentNode.lastChild = newLast;
+         } else {
+           nextChild.previousSibling = newLast;
+         }
 
-               _showLabels = val;
-               return this;
-           };
+         do {
+           newFirst.parentNode = parentNode;
+         } while (newFirst !== newLast && (newFirst = newFirst.nextSibling));
 
+         _onUpdateChild(parentNode.ownerDocument || parentNode, parentNode); //console.log(parentNode.lastChild.nextSibling == null)
 
-           drawData.enabled = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _enabled;
 
-               _enabled = val;
-               if (_enabled) {
-                   showLayer();
-               } else {
-                   hideLayer();
-               }
+         if (newChild.nodeType == DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE) {
+           newChild.firstChild = newChild.lastChild = null;
+         }
 
-               dispatch.call('change');
-               return this;
-           };
+         return newChild;
+       }
 
+       function _appendSingleChild(parentNode, newChild) {
+         var cp = newChild.parentNode;
 
-           drawData.hasData = function() {
-               var gj = _geojson || {};
-               return !!(_template || Object.keys(gj).length);
-           };
+         if (cp) {
+           var pre = parentNode.lastChild;
+           cp.removeChild(newChild); //remove and update
 
+           var pre = parentNode.lastChild;
+         }
 
-           drawData.template = function(val, src) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _template;
+         var pre = parentNode.lastChild;
+         newChild.parentNode = parentNode;
+         newChild.previousSibling = pre;
+         newChild.nextSibling = null;
 
-               // test source against OSM imagery blacklists..
-               var osm = context.connection();
-               if (osm) {
-                   var blacklists = osm.imageryBlacklists();
-                   var fail = false;
-                   var tested = 0;
-                   var regex;
+         if (pre) {
+           pre.nextSibling = newChild;
+         } else {
+           parentNode.firstChild = newChild;
+         }
 
-                   for (var i = 0; i < blacklists.length; i++) {
-                       try {
-                           regex = new RegExp(blacklists[i]);
-                           fail = regex.test(val);
-                           tested++;
-                           if (fail) break;
-                       } catch (e) {
-                           /* noop */
-                       }
-                   }
+         parentNode.lastChild = newChild;
 
-                   // ensure at least one test was run.
-                   if (!tested) {
-                       regex = new RegExp('.*\.google(apis)?\..*/(vt|kh)[\?/].*([xyz]=.*){3}.*');
-                       fail = regex.test(val);
-                   }
-               }
+         _onUpdateChild(parentNode.ownerDocument, parentNode, newChild);
 
-               _template = val;
-               _fileList = null;
-               _geojson = null;
+         return newChild; //console.log("__aa",parentNode.lastChild.nextSibling == null)
+       }
 
-               // strip off the querystring/hash from the template,
-               // it often includes the access token
-               _src = src || ('vectortile:' + val.split(/[?#]/)[0]);
+       Document.prototype = {
+         //implementation : null,
+         nodeName: '#document',
+         nodeType: DOCUMENT_NODE,
+         doctype: null,
+         documentElement: null,
+         _inc: 1,
+         insertBefore: function insertBefore(newChild, refChild) {
+           //raises 
+           if (newChild.nodeType == DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE) {
+             var child = newChild.firstChild;
 
-               dispatch.call('change');
-               return this;
-           };
+             while (child) {
+               var next = child.nextSibling;
+               this.insertBefore(child, refChild);
+               child = next;
+             }
 
+             return newChild;
+           }
 
-           drawData.geojson = function(gj, src) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _geojson;
+           if (this.documentElement == null && newChild.nodeType == ELEMENT_NODE) {
+             this.documentElement = newChild;
+           }
 
-               _template = null;
-               _fileList = null;
-               _geojson = null;
-               _src = null;
+           return _insertBefore(this, newChild, refChild), newChild.ownerDocument = this, newChild;
+         },
+         removeChild: function removeChild(oldChild) {
+           if (this.documentElement == oldChild) {
+             this.documentElement = null;
+           }
 
-               gj = gj || {};
-               if (Object.keys(gj).length) {
-                   _geojson = ensureIDs(gj);
-                   _src = src || 'unknown.geojson';
+           return _removeChild(this, oldChild);
+         },
+         // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
+         importNode: function importNode(importedNode, deep) {
+           return _importNode(this, importedNode, deep);
+         },
+         // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
+         getElementById: function getElementById(id) {
+           var rtv = null;
+
+           _visitNode(this.documentElement, function (node) {
+             if (node.nodeType == ELEMENT_NODE) {
+               if (node.getAttribute('id') == id) {
+                 rtv = node;
+                 return true;
                }
+             }
+           });
 
-               dispatch.call('change');
-               return this;
-           };
-
-
-           drawData.fileList = function(fileList) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _fileList;
+           return rtv;
+         },
+         //document factory method:
+         createElement: function createElement(tagName) {
+           var node = new Element();
+           node.ownerDocument = this;
+           node.nodeName = tagName;
+           node.tagName = tagName;
+           node.childNodes = new NodeList();
+           var attrs = node.attributes = new NamedNodeMap();
+           attrs._ownerElement = node;
+           return node;
+         },
+         createDocumentFragment: function createDocumentFragment() {
+           var node = new DocumentFragment();
+           node.ownerDocument = this;
+           node.childNodes = new NodeList();
+           return node;
+         },
+         createTextNode: function createTextNode(data) {
+           var node = new Text();
+           node.ownerDocument = this;
+           node.appendData(data);
+           return node;
+         },
+         createComment: function createComment(data) {
+           var node = new Comment();
+           node.ownerDocument = this;
+           node.appendData(data);
+           return node;
+         },
+         createCDATASection: function createCDATASection(data) {
+           var node = new CDATASection();
+           node.ownerDocument = this;
+           node.appendData(data);
+           return node;
+         },
+         createProcessingInstruction: function createProcessingInstruction(target, data) {
+           var node = new ProcessingInstruction();
+           node.ownerDocument = this;
+           node.tagName = node.target = target;
+           node.nodeValue = node.data = data;
+           return node;
+         },
+         createAttribute: function createAttribute(name) {
+           var node = new Attr();
+           node.ownerDocument = this;
+           node.name = name;
+           node.nodeName = name;
+           node.localName = name;
+           node.specified = true;
+           return node;
+         },
+         createEntityReference: function createEntityReference(name) {
+           var node = new EntityReference();
+           node.ownerDocument = this;
+           node.nodeName = name;
+           return node;
+         },
+         // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
+         createElementNS: function createElementNS(namespaceURI, qualifiedName) {
+           var node = new Element();
+           var pl = qualifiedName.split(':');
+           var attrs = node.attributes = new NamedNodeMap();
+           node.childNodes = new NodeList();
+           node.ownerDocument = this;
+           node.nodeName = qualifiedName;
+           node.tagName = qualifiedName;
+           node.namespaceURI = namespaceURI;
+
+           if (pl.length == 2) {
+             node.prefix = pl[0];
+             node.localName = pl[1];
+           } else {
+             //el.prefix = null;
+             node.localName = qualifiedName;
+           }
 
-               _template = null;
-               _fileList = fileList;
-               _geojson = null;
-               _src = null;
+           attrs._ownerElement = node;
+           return node;
+         },
+         // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
+         createAttributeNS: function createAttributeNS(namespaceURI, qualifiedName) {
+           var node = new Attr();
+           var pl = qualifiedName.split(':');
+           node.ownerDocument = this;
+           node.nodeName = qualifiedName;
+           node.name = qualifiedName;
+           node.namespaceURI = namespaceURI;
+           node.specified = true;
+
+           if (pl.length == 2) {
+             node.prefix = pl[0];
+             node.localName = pl[1];
+           } else {
+             //el.prefix = null;
+             node.localName = qualifiedName;
+           }
 
-               if (!fileList || !fileList.length) return this;
-               var f = fileList[0];
-               var extension = getExtension(f.name);
-               var reader = new FileReader();
-               reader.onload = (function() {
-                   return function(e) {
-                       drawData.setFile(extension, e.target.result);
-                   };
-               })();
+           return node;
+         }
+       };
 
-               reader.readAsText(f);
+       _extends(Document, Node);
 
-               return this;
-           };
+       function Element() {
+         this._nsMap = {};
+       }
+       Element.prototype = {
+         nodeType: ELEMENT_NODE,
+         hasAttribute: function hasAttribute(name) {
+           return this.getAttributeNode(name) != null;
+         },
+         getAttribute: function getAttribute(name) {
+           var attr = this.getAttributeNode(name);
+           return attr && attr.value || '';
+         },
+         getAttributeNode: function getAttributeNode(name) {
+           return this.attributes.getNamedItem(name);
+         },
+         setAttribute: function setAttribute(name, value) {
+           var attr = this.ownerDocument.createAttribute(name);
+           attr.value = attr.nodeValue = "" + value;
+           this.setAttributeNode(attr);
+         },
+         removeAttribute: function removeAttribute(name) {
+           var attr = this.getAttributeNode(name);
+           attr && this.removeAttributeNode(attr);
+         },
+         //four real opeartion method
+         appendChild: function appendChild(newChild) {
+           if (newChild.nodeType === DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE) {
+             return this.insertBefore(newChild, null);
+           } else {
+             return _appendSingleChild(this, newChild);
+           }
+         },
+         setAttributeNode: function setAttributeNode(newAttr) {
+           return this.attributes.setNamedItem(newAttr);
+         },
+         setAttributeNodeNS: function setAttributeNodeNS(newAttr) {
+           return this.attributes.setNamedItemNS(newAttr);
+         },
+         removeAttributeNode: function removeAttributeNode(oldAttr) {
+           //console.log(this == oldAttr.ownerElement)
+           return this.attributes.removeNamedItem(oldAttr.nodeName);
+         },
+         //get real attribute name,and remove it by removeAttributeNode
+         removeAttributeNS: function removeAttributeNS(namespaceURI, localName) {
+           var old = this.getAttributeNodeNS(namespaceURI, localName);
+           old && this.removeAttributeNode(old);
+         },
+         hasAttributeNS: function hasAttributeNS(namespaceURI, localName) {
+           return this.getAttributeNodeNS(namespaceURI, localName) != null;
+         },
+         getAttributeNS: function getAttributeNS(namespaceURI, localName) {
+           var attr = this.getAttributeNodeNS(namespaceURI, localName);
+           return attr && attr.value || '';
+         },
+         setAttributeNS: function setAttributeNS(namespaceURI, qualifiedName, value) {
+           var attr = this.ownerDocument.createAttributeNS(namespaceURI, qualifiedName);
+           attr.value = attr.nodeValue = "" + value;
+           this.setAttributeNode(attr);
+         },
+         getAttributeNodeNS: function getAttributeNodeNS(namespaceURI, localName) {
+           return this.attributes.getNamedItemNS(namespaceURI, localName);
+         },
+         getElementsByTagName: function getElementsByTagName(tagName) {
+           return new LiveNodeList(this, function (base) {
+             var ls = [];
 
+             _visitNode(base, function (node) {
+               if (node !== base && node.nodeType == ELEMENT_NODE && (tagName === '*' || node.tagName == tagName)) {
+                 ls.push(node);
+               }
+             });
 
-           drawData.url = function(url, defaultExtension) {
-               _template = null;
-               _fileList = null;
-               _geojson = null;
-               _src = null;
-
-               // strip off any querystring/hash from the url before checking extension
-               var testUrl = url.split(/[?#]/)[0];
-               var extension = getExtension(testUrl) || defaultExtension;
-               if (extension) {
-                   _template = null;
-                   d3_text(url)
-                       .then(function(data) {
-                           drawData.setFile(extension, data);
-                       })
-                       .catch(function() {
-                           /* ignore */
-                       });
+             return ls;
+           });
+         },
+         getElementsByTagNameNS: function getElementsByTagNameNS(namespaceURI, localName) {
+           return new LiveNodeList(this, function (base) {
+             var ls = [];
 
-               } else {
-                   drawData.template(url);
+             _visitNode(base, function (node) {
+               if (node !== base && node.nodeType === ELEMENT_NODE && (namespaceURI === '*' || node.namespaceURI === namespaceURI) && (localName === '*' || node.localName == localName)) {
+                 ls.push(node);
                }
+             });
 
-               return this;
-           };
+             return ls;
+           });
+         }
+       };
+       Document.prototype.getElementsByTagName = Element.prototype.getElementsByTagName;
+       Document.prototype.getElementsByTagNameNS = Element.prototype.getElementsByTagNameNS;
 
+       _extends(Element, Node);
 
-           drawData.getSrc = function() {
-               return _src || '';
-           };
+       function Attr() {}
+       Attr.prototype.nodeType = ATTRIBUTE_NODE;
 
+       _extends(Attr, Node);
 
-           drawData.fitZoom = function() {
-               var features = getFeatures(_geojson);
-               if (!features.length) return;
-
-               var map = context.map();
-               var viewport = map.trimmedExtent().polygon();
-               var coords = features.reduce(function(coords, feature) {
-                   var geom = feature.geometry;
-                   if (!geom) return coords;
-
-                   var c = geom.coordinates;
-
-                   /* eslint-disable no-fallthrough */
-                   switch (geom.type) {
-                       case 'Point':
-                           c = [c];
-                       case 'MultiPoint':
-                       case 'LineString':
-                           break;
-
-                       case 'MultiPolygon':
-                           c = utilArrayFlatten(c);
-                       case 'Polygon':
-                       case 'MultiLineString':
-                           c = utilArrayFlatten(c);
-                           break;
-                   }
-                   /* eslint-enable no-fallthrough */
+       function CharacterData() {}
+       CharacterData.prototype = {
+         data: '',
+         substringData: function substringData(offset, count) {
+           return this.data.substring(offset, offset + count);
+         },
+         appendData: function appendData(text) {
+           text = this.data + text;
+           this.nodeValue = this.data = text;
+           this.length = text.length;
+         },
+         insertData: function insertData(offset, text) {
+           this.replaceData(offset, 0, text);
+         },
+         appendChild: function appendChild(newChild) {
+           throw new Error(ExceptionMessage[HIERARCHY_REQUEST_ERR]);
+         },
+         deleteData: function deleteData(offset, count) {
+           this.replaceData(offset, count, "");
+         },
+         replaceData: function replaceData(offset, count, text) {
+           var start = this.data.substring(0, offset);
+           var end = this.data.substring(offset + count);
+           text = start + text + end;
+           this.nodeValue = this.data = text;
+           this.length = text.length;
+         }
+       };
 
-                   return utilArrayUnion(coords, c);
-               }, []);
+       _extends(CharacterData, Node);
 
-               if (!geoPolygonIntersectsPolygon(viewport, coords, true)) {
-                   var extent = geoExtent(d3_geoBounds({ type: 'LineString', coordinates: coords }));
-                   map.centerZoom(extent.center(), map.trimmedExtentZoom(extent));
-               }
+       function Text() {}
+       Text.prototype = {
+         nodeName: "#text",
+         nodeType: TEXT_NODE,
+         splitText: function splitText(offset) {
+           var text = this.data;
+           var newText = text.substring(offset);
+           text = text.substring(0, offset);
+           this.data = this.nodeValue = text;
+           this.length = text.length;
+           var newNode = this.ownerDocument.createTextNode(newText);
 
-               return this;
-           };
+           if (this.parentNode) {
+             this.parentNode.insertBefore(newNode, this.nextSibling);
+           }
 
+           return newNode;
+         }
+       };
 
-           init();
-           return drawData;
-       }
+       _extends(Text, CharacterData);
 
-       function svgDebug(projection, context) {
+       function Comment() {}
+       Comment.prototype = {
+         nodeName: "#comment",
+         nodeType: COMMENT_NODE
+       };
 
-         function drawDebug(selection) {
-           const showTile = context.getDebug('tile');
-           const showCollision = context.getDebug('collision');
-           const showImagery = context.getDebug('imagery');
-           const showTouchTargets = context.getDebug('target');
-           const showDownloaded = context.getDebug('downloaded');
+       _extends(Comment, CharacterData);
 
-           let debugData = [];
-           if (showTile) {
-             debugData.push({ class: 'red', label: 'tile' });
-           }
-           if (showCollision) {
-             debugData.push({ class: 'yellow', label: 'collision' });
-           }
-           if (showImagery) {
-             debugData.push({ class: 'orange', label: 'imagery' });
-           }
-           if (showTouchTargets) {
-             debugData.push({ class: 'pink', label: 'touchTargets' });
-           }
-           if (showDownloaded) {
-             debugData.push({ class: 'purple', label: 'downloaded' });
-           }
+       function CDATASection() {}
+       CDATASection.prototype = {
+         nodeName: "#cdata-section",
+         nodeType: CDATA_SECTION_NODE
+       };
 
+       _extends(CDATASection, CharacterData);
 
-           let legend = context.container().select('.main-content')
-             .selectAll('.debug-legend')
-             .data(debugData.length ? [0] : []);
+       function DocumentType() {}
+       DocumentType.prototype.nodeType = DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE;
 
-           legend.exit()
-             .remove();
+       _extends(DocumentType, Node);
 
-           legend = legend.enter()
-             .append('div')
-             .attr('class', 'fillD debug-legend')
-             .merge(legend);
+       function Notation() {}
+       Notation.prototype.nodeType = NOTATION_NODE;
 
+       _extends(Notation, Node);
 
-           let legendItems = legend.selectAll('.debug-legend-item')
-             .data(debugData, d => d.label);
+       function Entity() {}
+       Entity.prototype.nodeType = ENTITY_NODE;
 
-           legendItems.exit()
-             .remove();
+       _extends(Entity, Node);
 
-           legendItems.enter()
-             .append('span')
-             .attr('class', d => `debug-legend-item ${d.class}`)
-             .text(d => d.label);
+       function EntityReference() {}
+       EntityReference.prototype.nodeType = ENTITY_REFERENCE_NODE;
 
+       _extends(EntityReference, Node);
 
-           let layer = selection.selectAll('.layer-debug')
-             .data(showImagery || showDownloaded ? [0] : []);
+       function DocumentFragment() {}
+       DocumentFragment.prototype.nodeName = "#document-fragment";
+       DocumentFragment.prototype.nodeType = DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE;
 
-           layer.exit()
-             .remove();
+       _extends(DocumentFragment, Node);
 
-           layer = layer.enter()
-             .append('g')
-             .attr('class', 'layer-debug')
-             .merge(layer);
+       function ProcessingInstruction() {}
 
+       ProcessingInstruction.prototype.nodeType = PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE;
 
-           // imagery
-           const extent = context.map().extent();
-           _mainFileFetcher.get('imagery')
-             .then(d => {
-               const hits = (showImagery && d.query.bbox(extent.rectangle(), true)) || [];
-               const features = hits.map(d => d.features[d.id]);
+       _extends(ProcessingInstruction, Node);
 
-               let imagery = layer.selectAll('path.debug-imagery')
-                 .data(features);
+       function XMLSerializer$1() {}
 
-               imagery.exit()
-                 .remove();
+       XMLSerializer$1.prototype.serializeToString = function (node, isHtml, nodeFilter) {
+         return nodeSerializeToString.call(node, isHtml, nodeFilter);
+       };
 
-               imagery.enter()
-                 .append('path')
-                 .attr('class', 'debug-imagery debug orange');
-             })
-             .catch(() => { /* ignore */ });
+       Node.prototype.toString = nodeSerializeToString;
 
-           // downloaded
-           const osm = context.connection();
-           let dataDownloaded = [];
-           if (osm && showDownloaded) {
-             const rtree = osm.caches('get').tile.rtree;
-             dataDownloaded = rtree.all().map(bbox => {
-               return {
-                 type: 'Feature',
-                 properties: { id: bbox.id },
-                 geometry: {
-                   type: 'Polygon',
-                   coordinates: [[
-                     [ bbox.minX, bbox.minY ],
-                     [ bbox.minX, bbox.maxY ],
-                     [ bbox.maxX, bbox.maxY ],
-                     [ bbox.maxX, bbox.minY ],
-                     [ bbox.minX, bbox.minY ]
-                   ]]
-                 }
-               };
-             });
+       function nodeSerializeToString(isHtml, nodeFilter) {
+         var buf = [];
+         var refNode = this.nodeType == 9 ? this.documentElement : this;
+         var prefix = refNode.prefix;
+         var uri = refNode.namespaceURI;
+
+         if (uri && prefix == null) {
+           //console.log(prefix)
+           var prefix = refNode.lookupPrefix(uri);
+
+           if (prefix == null) {
+             //isHTML = true;
+             var visibleNamespaces = [{
+               namespace: uri,
+               prefix: null
+             } //{namespace:uri,prefix:''}
+             ];
            }
+         }
 
-           let downloaded = layer
-             .selectAll('path.debug-downloaded')
-             .data(showDownloaded ? dataDownloaded : []);
+         serializeToString(this, buf, isHtml, nodeFilter, visibleNamespaces); //console.log('###',this.nodeType,uri,prefix,buf.join(''))
 
-           downloaded.exit()
-             .remove();
+         return buf.join('');
+       }
 
-           downloaded.enter()
-             .append('path')
-             .attr('class', 'debug-downloaded debug purple');
+       function needNamespaceDefine(node, isHTML, visibleNamespaces) {
+         var prefix = node.prefix || '';
+         var uri = node.namespaceURI;
 
-           // update
-           layer.selectAll('path')
-             .attr('d', svgPath(projection).geojson);
+         if (!prefix && !uri) {
+           return false;
+         }
+
+         if (prefix === "xml" && uri === "http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" || uri == 'http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/') {
+           return false;
          }
 
+         var i = visibleNamespaces.length; //console.log('@@@@',node.tagName,prefix,uri,visibleNamespaces)
 
-         // This looks strange because `enabled` methods on other layers are
-         // chainable getter/setters, and this one is just a getter.
-         drawDebug.enabled = function() {
-           if (!arguments.length) {
-             return context.getDebug('tile') ||
-               context.getDebug('collision') ||
-               context.getDebug('imagery') ||
-               context.getDebug('target') ||
-               context.getDebug('downloaded');
-           } else {
-               return this;
+         while (i--) {
+           var ns = visibleNamespaces[i]; // get namespace prefix
+           //console.log(node.nodeType,node.tagName,ns.prefix,prefix)
+
+           if (ns.prefix == prefix) {
+             return ns.namespace != uri;
            }
-         };
+         } //console.log(isHTML,uri,prefix=='')
+         //if(isHTML && prefix ==null && uri == 'http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'){
+         //    return false;
+         //}
+         //node.flag = '11111'
+         //console.error(3,true,node.flag,node.prefix,node.namespaceURI)
 
 
-         return drawDebug;
+         return true;
        }
 
-       let _layerEnabled = false;
-       let _qaService;
-
-       function svgKeepRight(projection, context, dispatch) {
-         const throttledRedraw = throttle(() => dispatch.call('change'), 1000);
-         const minZoom = 12;
+       function serializeToString(node, buf, isHTML, nodeFilter, visibleNamespaces) {
+         if (nodeFilter) {
+           node = nodeFilter(node);
 
-         let touchLayer = select(null);
-         let drawLayer = select(null);
-         let layerVisible = false;
+           if (node) {
+             if (typeof node == 'string') {
+               buf.push(node);
+               return;
+             }
+           } else {
+             return;
+           } //buf.sort.apply(attrs, attributeSorter);
 
-         function markerPath(selection, klass) {
-           selection
-             .attr('class', klass)
-             .attr('transform', 'translate(-4, -24)')
-             .attr('d', 'M11.6,6.2H7.1l1.4-5.1C8.6,0.6,8.1,0,7.5,0H2.2C1.7,0,1.3,0.3,1.3,0.8L0,10.2c-0.1,0.6,0.4,1.1,0.9,1.1h4.6l-1.8,7.6C3.6,19.4,4.1,20,4.7,20c0.3,0,0.6-0.2,0.8-0.5l6.9-11.9C12.7,7,12.3,6.2,11.6,6.2z');
          }
 
-         // Loosely-coupled keepRight service for fetching issues.
-         function getService() {
-           if (services.keepRight && !_qaService) {
-             _qaService = services.keepRight;
-             _qaService.on('loaded', throttledRedraw);
-           } else if (!services.keepRight && _qaService) {
-             _qaService = null;
-           }
-
-           return _qaService;
-         }
+         switch (node.nodeType) {
+           case ELEMENT_NODE:
+             if (!visibleNamespaces) visibleNamespaces = [];
+             visibleNamespaces.length;
+             var attrs = node.attributes;
+             var len = attrs.length;
+             var child = node.firstChild;
+             var nodeName = node.tagName;
+             isHTML = htmlns === node.namespaceURI || isHTML;
+             buf.push('<', nodeName);
 
-         // Show the markers
-         function editOn() {
-           if (!layerVisible) {
-             layerVisible = true;
-             drawLayer
-               .style('display', 'block');
-           }
-         }
+             for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+               // add namespaces for attributes
+               var attr = attrs.item(i);
 
-         // Immediately remove the markers and their touch targets
-         function editOff() {
-           if (layerVisible) {
-             layerVisible = false;
-             drawLayer
-               .style('display', 'none');
-             drawLayer.selectAll('.qaItem.keepRight')
-               .remove();
-             touchLayer.selectAll('.qaItem.keepRight')
-               .remove();
-           }
-         }
+               if (attr.prefix == 'xmlns') {
+                 visibleNamespaces.push({
+                   prefix: attr.localName,
+                   namespace: attr.value
+                 });
+               } else if (attr.nodeName == 'xmlns') {
+                 visibleNamespaces.push({
+                   prefix: '',
+                   namespace: attr.value
+                 });
+               }
+             }
 
-         // Enable the layer.  This shows the markers and transitions them to visible.
-         function layerOn() {
-           editOn();
+             for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+               var attr = attrs.item(i);
 
-           drawLayer
-             .style('opacity', 0)
-             .transition()
-             .duration(250)
-             .style('opacity', 1)
-             .on('end interrupt', () => dispatch.call('change'));
-         }
+               if (needNamespaceDefine(attr, isHTML, visibleNamespaces)) {
+                 var prefix = attr.prefix || '';
+                 var uri = attr.namespaceURI;
+                 var ns = prefix ? ' xmlns:' + prefix : " xmlns";
+                 buf.push(ns, '="', uri, '"');
+                 visibleNamespaces.push({
+                   prefix: prefix,
+                   namespace: uri
+                 });
+               }
 
-         // Disable the layer.  This transitions the layer invisible and then hides the markers.
-         function layerOff() {
-           throttledRedraw.cancel();
-           drawLayer.interrupt();
-           touchLayer.selectAll('.qaItem.keepRight')
-             .remove();
-
-           drawLayer
-             .transition()
-             .duration(250)
-             .style('opacity', 0)
-             .on('end interrupt', () => {
-               editOff();
-               dispatch.call('change');
-             });
-         }
+               serializeToString(attr, buf, isHTML, nodeFilter, visibleNamespaces);
+             } // add namespace for current node               
 
-         // Update the issue markers
-         function updateMarkers() {
-           if (!layerVisible || !_layerEnabled) return;
 
-           const service = getService();
-           const selectedID = context.selectedErrorID();
-           const data = (service ? service.getItems(projection) : []);
-           const getTransform = svgPointTransform(projection);
+             if (needNamespaceDefine(node, isHTML, visibleNamespaces)) {
+               var prefix = node.prefix || '';
+               var uri = node.namespaceURI;
+               var ns = prefix ? ' xmlns:' + prefix : " xmlns";
+               buf.push(ns, '="', uri, '"');
+               visibleNamespaces.push({
+                 prefix: prefix,
+                 namespace: uri
+               });
+             }
 
-           // Draw markers..
-           const markers = drawLayer.selectAll('.qaItem.keepRight')
-             .data(data, d => d.id);
+             if (child || isHTML && !/^(?:meta|link|img|br|hr|input)$/i.test(nodeName)) {
+               buf.push('>'); //if is cdata child node
 
-           // exit
-           markers.exit()
-             .remove();
+               if (isHTML && /^script$/i.test(nodeName)) {
+                 while (child) {
+                   if (child.data) {
+                     buf.push(child.data);
+                   } else {
+                     serializeToString(child, buf, isHTML, nodeFilter, visibleNamespaces);
+                   }
 
-           // enter
-           const markersEnter = markers.enter()
-             .append('g')
-               .attr('class', d => `qaItem ${d.service} itemId-${d.id} itemType-${d.parentIssueType}`);
-
-           markersEnter
-             .append('ellipse')
-               .attr('cx', 0.5)
-               .attr('cy', 1)
-               .attr('rx', 6.5)
-               .attr('ry', 3)
-               .attr('class', 'stroke');
-
-           markersEnter
-             .append('path')
-               .call(markerPath, 'shadow');
-
-           markersEnter
-             .append('use')
-               .attr('class', 'qaItem-fill')
-               .attr('width', '20px')
-               .attr('height', '20px')
-               .attr('x', '-8px')
-               .attr('y', '-22px')
-               .attr('xlink:href', '#iD-icon-bolt');
+                   child = child.nextSibling;
+                 }
+               } else {
+                 while (child) {
+                   serializeToString(child, buf, isHTML, nodeFilter, visibleNamespaces);
+                   child = child.nextSibling;
+                 }
+               }
 
-           // update
-           markers
-             .merge(markersEnter)
-             .sort(sortY)
-               .classed('selected', d => d.id === selectedID)
-               .attr('transform', getTransform);
+               buf.push('</', nodeName, '>');
+             } else {
+               buf.push('/>');
+             } // remove added visible namespaces
+             //visibleNamespaces.length = startVisibleNamespaces;
 
 
-           // Draw targets..
-           if (touchLayer.empty()) return;
-           const fillClass = context.getDebug('target') ? 'pink ' : 'nocolor ';
+             return;
 
-           const targets = touchLayer.selectAll('.qaItem.keepRight')
-             .data(data, d => d.id);
+           case DOCUMENT_NODE:
+           case DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE:
+             var child = node.firstChild;
 
-           // exit
-           targets.exit()
-             .remove();
+             while (child) {
+               serializeToString(child, buf, isHTML, nodeFilter, visibleNamespaces);
+               child = child.nextSibling;
+             }
 
-           // enter/update
-           targets.enter()
-             .append('rect')
-               .attr('width', '20px')
-               .attr('height', '20px')
-               .attr('x', '-8px')
-               .attr('y', '-22px')
-             .merge(targets)
-             .sort(sortY)
-               .attr('class', d => `qaItem ${d.service} target ${fillClass} itemId-${d.id}`)
-               .attr('transform', getTransform);
+             return;
 
+           case ATTRIBUTE_NODE:
+             return buf.push(' ', node.name, '="', node.value.replace(/[<&"]/g, _xmlEncoder), '"');
 
-           function sortY(a, b) {
-             return (a.id === selectedID) ? 1
-               : (b.id === selectedID) ? -1
-               : (a.severity === 'error' && b.severity !== 'error') ? 1
-               : (b.severity === 'error' && a.severity !== 'error') ? -1
-               : b.loc[1] - a.loc[1];
-           }
-         }
+           case TEXT_NODE:
+             return buf.push(node.data.replace(/[<&]/g, _xmlEncoder));
 
-         // Draw the keepRight layer and schedule loading issues and updating markers.
-         function drawKeepRight(selection) {
-           const service = getService();
+           case CDATA_SECTION_NODE:
+             return buf.push('<![CDATA[', node.data, ']]>');
 
-           const surface = context.surface();
-           if (surface && !surface.empty()) {
-             touchLayer = surface.selectAll('.data-layer.touch .layer-touch.markers');
-           }
+           case COMMENT_NODE:
+             return buf.push("<!--", node.data, "-->");
 
-           drawLayer = selection.selectAll('.layer-keepRight')
-             .data(service ? [0] : []);
+           case DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE:
+             var pubid = node.publicId;
+             var sysid = node.systemId;
+             buf.push('<!DOCTYPE ', node.name);
 
-           drawLayer.exit()
-             .remove();
+             if (pubid) {
+               buf.push(' PUBLIC "', pubid);
 
-           drawLayer = drawLayer.enter()
-             .append('g')
-               .attr('class', 'layer-keepRight')
-               .style('display', _layerEnabled ? 'block' : 'none')
-             .merge(drawLayer);
+               if (sysid && sysid != '.') {
+                 buf.push('" "', sysid);
+               }
 
-           if (_layerEnabled) {
-             if (service && ~~context.map().zoom() >= minZoom) {
-               editOn();
-               service.loadIssues(projection);
-               updateMarkers();
+               buf.push('">');
+             } else if (sysid && sysid != '.') {
+               buf.push(' SYSTEM "', sysid, '">');
              } else {
-               editOff();
-             }
-           }
-         }
+               var sub = node.internalSubset;
 
-         // Toggles the layer on and off
-         drawKeepRight.enabled = function(val) {
-           if (!arguments.length) return _layerEnabled;
+               if (sub) {
+                 buf.push(" [", sub, "]");
+               }
 
-           _layerEnabled = val;
-           if (_layerEnabled) {
-             layerOn();
-           } else {
-             layerOff();
-             if (context.selectedErrorID()) {
-               context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+               buf.push(">");
              }
-           }
 
-           dispatch.call('change');
-           return this;
-         };
+             return;
 
-         drawKeepRight.supported = () => !!getService();
+           case PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE:
+             return buf.push("<?", node.target, " ", node.data, "?>");
 
-         return drawKeepRight;
+           case ENTITY_REFERENCE_NODE:
+             return buf.push('&', node.nodeName, ';');
+           //case ENTITY_NODE:
+           //case NOTATION_NODE:
+
+           default:
+             buf.push('??', node.nodeName);
+         }
        }
 
-       function svgGeolocate(projection) {
-           var layer = select(null);
-           var _position;
+       function _importNode(doc, node, deep) {
+         var node2;
 
+         switch (node.nodeType) {
+           case ELEMENT_NODE:
+             node2 = node.cloneNode(false);
+             node2.ownerDocument = doc;
+           //var attrs = node2.attributes;
+           //var len = attrs.length;
+           //for(var i=0;i<len;i++){
+           //node2.setAttributeNodeNS(importNode(doc,attrs.item(i),deep));
+           //}
 
-           function init() {
-               if (svgGeolocate.initialized) return;  // run once
-               svgGeolocate.enabled = false;
-               svgGeolocate.initialized = true;
-           }
+           case DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE:
+             break;
 
-           function showLayer() {
-               layer.style('display', 'block');
-           }
+           case ATTRIBUTE_NODE:
+             deep = true;
+             break;
+           //case ENTITY_REFERENCE_NODE:
+           //case PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE:
+           ////case TEXT_NODE:
+           //case CDATA_SECTION_NODE:
+           //case COMMENT_NODE:
+           //  deep = false;
+           //  break;
+           //case DOCUMENT_NODE:
+           //case DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE:
+           //cannot be imported.
+           //case ENTITY_NODE:
+           //case NOTATION_NODE:
+           //can not hit in level3
+           //default:throw e;
+         }
 
+         if (!node2) {
+           node2 = node.cloneNode(false); //false
+         }
 
-           function hideLayer() {
-               layer
-                   .transition()
-                   .duration(250)
-                   .style('opacity', 0);
-           }
+         node2.ownerDocument = doc;
+         node2.parentNode = null;
 
-           function layerOn() {
-               layer
-                   .style('opacity', 0)
-                   .transition()
-                   .duration(250)
-                   .style('opacity', 1);
+         if (deep) {
+           var child = node.firstChild;
 
+           while (child) {
+             node2.appendChild(_importNode(doc, child, deep));
+             child = child.nextSibling;
            }
+         }
 
-           function layerOff() {
-               layer.style('display', 'none');
-           }
+         return node2;
+       } //
+       //var _relationMap = {firstChild:1,lastChild:1,previousSibling:1,nextSibling:1,
+       //                                      attributes:1,childNodes:1,parentNode:1,documentElement:1,doctype,};
 
-           function transform(d) {
-               return svgPointTransform(projection)(d);
-           }
 
-           function accuracy(accuracy, loc) { // converts accuracy to pixels...
-               var degreesRadius = geoMetersToLat(accuracy),
-                   tangentLoc = [loc[0], loc[1] + degreesRadius],
-                   projectedTangent = projection(tangentLoc),
-                   projectedLoc = projection([loc[0], loc[1]]);
+       function _cloneNode(doc, node, deep) {
+         var node2 = new node.constructor();
 
-               // southern most point will have higher pixel value...
-              return Math.round(projectedLoc[1] - projectedTangent[1]).toString();
+         for (var n in node) {
+           var v = node[n];
+
+           if (_typeof(v) != 'object') {
+             if (v != node2[n]) {
+               node2[n] = v;
+             }
            }
+         }
 
-           function update() {
-               var geolocation = { loc: [_position.coords.longitude, _position.coords.latitude] };
+         if (node.childNodes) {
+           node2.childNodes = new NodeList();
+         }
 
-               var groups = layer.selectAll('.geolocations').selectAll('.geolocation')
-                   .data([geolocation]);
+         node2.ownerDocument = doc;
 
-               groups.exit()
-                   .remove();
+         switch (node2.nodeType) {
+           case ELEMENT_NODE:
+             var attrs = node.attributes;
+             var attrs2 = node2.attributes = new NamedNodeMap();
+             var len = attrs.length;
+             attrs2._ownerElement = node2;
 
-               var pointsEnter = groups.enter()
-                   .append('g')
-                   .attr('class', 'geolocation');
+             for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+               node2.setAttributeNode(_cloneNode(doc, attrs.item(i), true));
+             }
 
-               pointsEnter
-                   .append('circle')
-                   .attr('class', 'geolocate-radius')
-                   .attr('dx', '0')
-                   .attr('dy', '0')
-                   .attr('fill', 'rgb(15,128,225)')
-                   .attr('fill-opacity', '0.3')
-                   .attr('r', '0');
+             break;
 
-               pointsEnter
-                   .append('circle')
-                   .attr('dx', '0')
-                   .attr('dy', '0')
-                   .attr('fill', 'rgb(15,128,225)')
-                   .attr('stroke', 'white')
-                   .attr('stroke-width', '1.5')
-                   .attr('r', '6');
+           case ATTRIBUTE_NODE:
+             deep = true;
+         }
 
-               groups.merge(pointsEnter)
-                   .attr('transform', transform);
+         if (deep) {
+           var child = node.firstChild;
 
-               layer.select('.geolocate-radius').attr('r', accuracy(_position.coords.accuracy, geolocation.loc));
+           while (child) {
+             node2.appendChild(_cloneNode(doc, child, deep));
+             child = child.nextSibling;
            }
+         }
+
+         return node2;
+       }
 
-           function drawLocation(selection) {
-               var enabled = svgGeolocate.enabled;
+       function __set__(object, key, value) {
+         object[key] = value;
+       } //do dynamic
 
-               layer = selection.selectAll('.layer-geolocate')
-                   .data([0]);
 
-               layer.exit()
-                   .remove();
+       try {
+         if (Object.defineProperty) {
+           var getTextContent = function getTextContent(node) {
+             switch (node.nodeType) {
+               case ELEMENT_NODE:
+               case DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE:
+                 var buf = [];
+                 node = node.firstChild;
 
-               var layerEnter = layer.enter()
-                   .append('g')
-                   .attr('class', 'layer-geolocate')
-                   .style('display', enabled ? 'block' : 'none');
+                 while (node) {
+                   if (node.nodeType !== 7 && node.nodeType !== 8) {
+                     buf.push(getTextContent(node));
+                   }
 
-               layerEnter
-                   .append('g')
-                   .attr('class', 'geolocations');
+                   node = node.nextSibling;
+                 }
 
-               layer = layerEnter
-                   .merge(layer);
+                 return buf.join('');
 
-               if (enabled) {
-                   update();
-               } else {
-                   layerOff();
-               }
-           }
+               default:
+                 return node.nodeValue;
+             }
+           };
 
-           drawLocation.enabled = function (position, enabled) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return svgGeolocate.enabled;
-               _position = position;
-               svgGeolocate.enabled = enabled;
-               if (svgGeolocate.enabled) {
-                   showLayer();
-                   layerOn();
-               } else {
-                   hideLayer();
+           Object.defineProperty(LiveNodeList.prototype, 'length', {
+             get: function get() {
+               _updateLiveList(this);
+
+               return this.$$length;
+             }
+           });
+           Object.defineProperty(Node.prototype, 'textContent', {
+             get: function get() {
+               return getTextContent(this);
+             },
+             set: function set(data) {
+               switch (this.nodeType) {
+                 case ELEMENT_NODE:
+                 case DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE:
+                   while (this.firstChild) {
+                     this.removeChild(this.firstChild);
+                   }
+
+                   if (data || String(data)) {
+                     this.appendChild(this.ownerDocument.createTextNode(data));
+                   }
+
+                   break;
+
+                 default:
+                   //TODO:
+                   this.data = data;
+                   this.value = data;
+                   this.nodeValue = data;
                }
-               return this;
+             }
+           });
+
+           __set__ = function __set__(object, key, value) {
+             //console.log(value)
+             object['$$' + key] = value;
            };
+         }
+       } catch (e) {//ie8
+       } //if(typeof require == 'function'){
 
-           init();
-           return drawLocation;
-       }
 
-       function svgLabels(projection, context) {
-           var path = d3_geoPath(projection);
-           var detected = utilDetect();
-           var baselineHack = (detected.ie ||
-               detected.browser.toLowerCase() === 'edge' ||
-               (detected.browser.toLowerCase() === 'firefox' && detected.version >= 70));
-           var _rdrawn = new RBush();
-           var _rskipped = new RBush();
-           var _textWidthCache = {};
-           var _entitybboxes = {};
-
-           // Listed from highest to lowest priority
-           var labelStack = [
-               ['line', 'aeroway', '*', 12],
-               ['line', 'highway', 'motorway', 12],
-               ['line', 'highway', 'trunk', 12],
-               ['line', 'highway', 'primary', 12],
-               ['line', 'highway', 'secondary', 12],
-               ['line', 'highway', 'tertiary', 12],
-               ['line', 'highway', '*', 12],
-               ['line', 'railway', '*', 12],
-               ['line', 'waterway', '*', 12],
-               ['area', 'aeroway', '*', 12],
-               ['area', 'amenity', '*', 12],
-               ['area', 'building', '*', 12],
-               ['area', 'historic', '*', 12],
-               ['area', 'leisure', '*', 12],
-               ['area', 'man_made', '*', 12],
-               ['area', 'natural', '*', 12],
-               ['area', 'shop', '*', 12],
-               ['area', 'tourism', '*', 12],
-               ['area', 'camp_site', '*', 12],
-               ['point', 'aeroway', '*', 10],
-               ['point', 'amenity', '*', 10],
-               ['point', 'building', '*', 10],
-               ['point', 'historic', '*', 10],
-               ['point', 'leisure', '*', 10],
-               ['point', 'man_made', '*', 10],
-               ['point', 'natural', '*', 10],
-               ['point', 'shop', '*', 10],
-               ['point', 'tourism', '*', 10],
-               ['point', 'camp_site', '*', 10],
-               ['line', 'name', '*', 12],
-               ['area', 'name', '*', 12],
-               ['point', 'name', '*', 10]
-           ];
-
-
-           function shouldSkipIcon(preset) {
-               var noIcons = ['building', 'landuse', 'natural'];
-               return noIcons.some(function(s) {
-                   return preset.id.indexOf(s) >= 0;
-               });
-           }
+       var DOMImplementation_1 = DOMImplementation;
+       var XMLSerializer_1 = XMLSerializer$1; //}
 
+       var dom = {
+         DOMImplementation: DOMImplementation_1,
+         XMLSerializer: XMLSerializer_1
+       };
 
-           function get(array, prop) {
-               return function(d, i) { return array[i][prop]; };
-           }
+       var domParser = createCommonjsModule(function (module, exports) {
+         function DOMParser(options) {
+           this.options = options || {
+             locator: {}
+           };
+         }
 
+         DOMParser.prototype.parseFromString = function (source, mimeType) {
+           var options = this.options;
+           var sax = new XMLReader();
+           var domBuilder = options.domBuilder || new DOMHandler(); //contentHandler and LexicalHandler
 
-           function textWidth(text, size, elem) {
-               var c = _textWidthCache[size];
-               if (!c) c = _textWidthCache[size] = {};
+           var errorHandler = options.errorHandler;
+           var locator = options.locator;
+           var defaultNSMap = options.xmlns || {};
+           var entityMap = {
+             'lt': '<',
+             'gt': '>',
+             'amp': '&',
+             'quot': '"',
+             'apos': "'"
+           };
 
-               if (c[text]) {
-                   return c[text];
+           if (locator) {
+             domBuilder.setDocumentLocator(locator);
+           }
 
-               } else if (elem) {
-                   c[text] = elem.getComputedTextLength();
-                   return c[text];
+           sax.errorHandler = buildErrorHandler(errorHandler, domBuilder, locator);
+           sax.domBuilder = options.domBuilder || domBuilder;
 
-               } else {
-                   var str = encodeURIComponent(text).match(/%[CDEFcdef]/g);
-                   if (str === null) {
-                       return size / 3 * 2 * text.length;
-                   } else {
-                       return size / 3 * (2 * text.length + str.length);
-                   }
-               }
+           if (/\/x?html?$/.test(mimeType)) {
+             entityMap.nbsp = '\xa0';
+             entityMap.copy = '\xa9';
+             defaultNSMap[''] = 'http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml';
            }
 
+           defaultNSMap.xml = defaultNSMap.xml || 'http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace';
 
-           function drawLinePaths(selection, entities, filter, classes, labels) {
-               var paths = selection.selectAll('path')
-                   .filter(filter)
-                   .data(entities, osmEntity.key);
-
-               // exit
-               paths.exit()
-                   .remove();
-
-               // enter/update
-               paths.enter()
-                   .append('path')
-                   .style('stroke-width', get(labels, 'font-size'))
-                   .attr('id', function(d) { return 'ideditor-labelpath-' + d.id; })
-                   .attr('class', classes)
-                   .merge(paths)
-                   .attr('d', get(labels, 'lineString'));
-           }
-
-
-           function drawLineLabels(selection, entities, filter, classes, labels) {
-               var texts = selection.selectAll('text.' + classes)
-                   .filter(filter)
-                   .data(entities, osmEntity.key);
-
-               // exit
-               texts.exit()
-                   .remove();
-
-               // enter
-               texts.enter()
-                   .append('text')
-                   .attr('class', function(d, i) { return classes + ' ' + labels[i].classes + ' ' + d.id; })
-                   .attr('dy', baselineHack ? '0.35em' : null)
-                   .append('textPath')
-                   .attr('class', 'textpath');
-
-               // update
-               selection.selectAll('text.' + classes).selectAll('.textpath')
-                   .filter(filter)
-                   .data(entities, osmEntity.key)
-                   .attr('startOffset', '50%')
-                   .attr('xlink:href', function(d) { return '#ideditor-labelpath-' + d.id; })
-                   .text(utilDisplayNameForPath);
-           }
-
-
-           function drawPointLabels(selection, entities, filter, classes, labels) {
-               var texts = selection.selectAll('text.' + classes)
-                   .filter(filter)
-                   .data(entities, osmEntity.key);
-
-               // exit
-               texts.exit()
-                   .remove();
-
-               // enter/update
-               texts.enter()
-                   .append('text')
-                   .attr('class', function(d, i) {
-                       return classes + ' ' + labels[i].classes + ' ' + d.id;
-                   })
-                   .merge(texts)
-                   .attr('x', get(labels, 'x'))
-                   .attr('y', get(labels, 'y'))
-                   .style('text-anchor', get(labels, 'textAnchor'))
-                   .text(utilDisplayName)
-                   .each(function(d, i) {
-                       textWidth(utilDisplayName(d), labels[i].height, this);
-                   });
+           if (source) {
+             sax.parse(source, defaultNSMap, entityMap);
+           } else {
+             sax.errorHandler.error("invalid doc source");
            }
 
+           return domBuilder.doc;
+         };
 
-           function drawAreaLabels(selection, entities, filter, classes, labels) {
-               entities = entities.filter(hasText);
-               labels = labels.filter(hasText);
-               drawPointLabels(selection, entities, filter, classes, labels);
+         function buildErrorHandler(errorImpl, domBuilder, locator) {
+           if (!errorImpl) {
+             if (domBuilder instanceof DOMHandler) {
+               return domBuilder;
+             }
 
-               function hasText(d, i) {
-                   return labels[i].hasOwnProperty('x') && labels[i].hasOwnProperty('y');
-               }
+             errorImpl = domBuilder;
            }
 
+           var errorHandler = {};
+           var isCallback = errorImpl instanceof Function;
+           locator = locator || {};
 
-           function drawAreaIcons(selection, entities, filter, classes, labels) {
-               var icons = selection.selectAll('use.' + classes)
-                   .filter(filter)
-                   .data(entities, osmEntity.key);
+           function build(key) {
+             var fn = errorImpl[key];
 
-               // exit
-               icons.exit()
-                   .remove();
-
-               // enter/update
-               icons.enter()
-                   .append('use')
-                   .attr('class', 'icon ' + classes)
-                   .attr('width', '17px')
-                   .attr('height', '17px')
-                   .merge(icons)
-                   .attr('transform', get(labels, 'transform'))
-                   .attr('xlink:href', function(d) {
-                       var preset = _mainPresetIndex.match(d, context.graph());
-                       var picon = preset && preset.icon;
+             if (!fn && isCallback) {
+               fn = errorImpl.length == 2 ? function (msg) {
+                 errorImpl(key, msg);
+               } : errorImpl;
+             }
 
-                       if (!picon) {
-                           return '';
-                       } else {
-                           var isMaki = /^maki-/.test(picon);
-                           return '#' + picon + (isMaki ? '-15' : '');
-                       }
-                   });
+             errorHandler[key] = fn && function (msg) {
+               fn('[xmldom ' + key + ']\t' + msg + _locator(locator));
+             } || function () {};
            }
 
+           build('warning');
+           build('error');
+           build('fatalError');
+           return errorHandler;
+         } //console.log('#\n\n\n\n\n\n\n####')
 
-           function drawCollisionBoxes(selection, rtree, which) {
-               var classes = 'debug ' + which + ' ' + (which === 'debug-skipped' ? 'orange' : 'yellow');
+         /**
+          * +ContentHandler+ErrorHandler
+          * +LexicalHandler+EntityResolver2
+          * -DeclHandler-DTDHandler 
+          * 
+          * DefaultHandler:EntityResolver, DTDHandler, ContentHandler, ErrorHandler
+          * DefaultHandler2:DefaultHandler,LexicalHandler, DeclHandler, EntityResolver2
+          * @link http://www.saxproject.org/apidoc/org/xml/sax/helpers/DefaultHandler.html
+          */
 
-               var gj = [];
-               if (context.getDebug('collision')) {
-                   gj = rtree.all().map(function(d) {
-                       return { type: 'Polygon', coordinates: [[
-                           [d.minX, d.minY],
-                           [d.maxX, d.minY],
-                           [d.maxX, d.maxY],
-                           [d.minX, d.maxY],
-                           [d.minX, d.minY]
-                       ]]};
-                   });
-               }
 
-               var boxes = selection.selectAll('.' + which)
-                   .data(gj);
+         function DOMHandler() {
+           this.cdata = false;
+         }
 
-               // exit
-               boxes.exit()
-                   .remove();
+         function position(locator, node) {
+           node.lineNumber = locator.lineNumber;
+           node.columnNumber = locator.columnNumber;
+         }
+         /**
+          * @see org.xml.sax.ContentHandler#startDocument
+          * @link http://www.saxproject.org/apidoc/org/xml/sax/ContentHandler.html
+          */
 
-               // enter/update
-               boxes.enter()
-                   .append('path')
-                   .attr('class', classes)
-                   .merge(boxes)
-                   .attr('d', d3_geoPath());
-           }
 
+         DOMHandler.prototype = {
+           startDocument: function startDocument() {
+             this.doc = new DOMImplementation().createDocument(null, null, null);
 
-           function drawLabels(selection, graph, entities, filter, dimensions, fullRedraw) {
-               var wireframe = context.surface().classed('fill-wireframe');
-               var zoom = geoScaleToZoom(projection.scale());
+             if (this.locator) {
+               this.doc.documentURI = this.locator.systemId;
+             }
+           },
+           startElement: function startElement(namespaceURI, localName, qName, attrs) {
+             var doc = this.doc;
+             var el = doc.createElementNS(namespaceURI, qName || localName);
+             var len = attrs.length;
+             appendElement(this, el);
+             this.currentElement = el;
+             this.locator && position(this.locator, el);
 
-               var labelable = [];
-               var renderNodeAs = {};
-               var i, j, k, entity, geometry;
+             for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+               var namespaceURI = attrs.getURI(i);
+               var value = attrs.getValue(i);
+               var qName = attrs.getQName(i);
+               var attr = doc.createAttributeNS(namespaceURI, qName);
+               this.locator && position(attrs.getLocator(i), attr);
+               attr.value = attr.nodeValue = value;
+               el.setAttributeNode(attr);
+             }
+           },
+           endElement: function endElement(namespaceURI, localName, qName) {
+             var current = this.currentElement;
+             current.tagName;
+             this.currentElement = current.parentNode;
+           },
+           startPrefixMapping: function startPrefixMapping(prefix, uri) {},
+           endPrefixMapping: function endPrefixMapping(prefix) {},
+           processingInstruction: function processingInstruction(target, data) {
+             var ins = this.doc.createProcessingInstruction(target, data);
+             this.locator && position(this.locator, ins);
+             appendElement(this, ins);
+           },
+           ignorableWhitespace: function ignorableWhitespace(ch, start, length) {},
+           characters: function characters(chars, start, length) {
+             chars = _toString.apply(this, arguments); //console.log(chars)
 
-               for (i = 0; i < labelStack.length; i++) {
-                   labelable.push([]);
+             if (chars) {
+               if (this.cdata) {
+                 var charNode = this.doc.createCDATASection(chars);
+               } else {
+                 var charNode = this.doc.createTextNode(chars);
                }
 
-               if (fullRedraw) {
-                   _rdrawn.clear();
-                   _rskipped.clear();
-                   _entitybboxes = {};
-
-               } else {
-                   for (i = 0; i < entities.length; i++) {
-                       entity = entities[i];
-                       var toRemove = []
-                           .concat(_entitybboxes[entity.id] || [])
-                           .concat(_entitybboxes[entity.id + 'I'] || []);
-
-                       for (j = 0; j < toRemove.length; j++) {
-                           _rdrawn.remove(toRemove[j]);
-                           _rskipped.remove(toRemove[j]);
-                       }
-                   }
+               if (this.currentElement) {
+                 this.currentElement.appendChild(charNode);
+               } else if (/^\s*$/.test(chars)) {
+                 this.doc.appendChild(charNode); //process xml
                }
 
-               // Loop through all the entities to do some preprocessing
-               for (i = 0; i < entities.length; i++) {
-                   entity = entities[i];
-                   geometry = entity.geometry(graph);
+               this.locator && position(this.locator, charNode);
+             }
+           },
+           skippedEntity: function skippedEntity(name) {},
+           endDocument: function endDocument() {
+             this.doc.normalize();
+           },
+           setDocumentLocator: function setDocumentLocator(locator) {
+             if (this.locator = locator) {
+               // && !('lineNumber' in locator)){
+               locator.lineNumber = 0;
+             }
+           },
+           //LexicalHandler
+           comment: function comment(chars, start, length) {
+             chars = _toString.apply(this, arguments);
+             var comm = this.doc.createComment(chars);
+             this.locator && position(this.locator, comm);
+             appendElement(this, comm);
+           },
+           startCDATA: function startCDATA() {
+             //used in characters() methods
+             this.cdata = true;
+           },
+           endCDATA: function endCDATA() {
+             this.cdata = false;
+           },
+           startDTD: function startDTD(name, publicId, systemId) {
+             var impl = this.doc.implementation;
 
-                   // Insert collision boxes around interesting points/vertices
-                   if (geometry === 'point' || (geometry === 'vertex' && isInterestingVertex(entity))) {
-                       var hasDirections = entity.directions(graph, projection).length;
-                       var markerPadding;
+             if (impl && impl.createDocumentType) {
+               var dt = impl.createDocumentType(name, publicId, systemId);
+               this.locator && position(this.locator, dt);
+               appendElement(this, dt);
+             }
+           },
 
-                       if (!wireframe && geometry === 'point' && !(zoom >= 18 && hasDirections)) {
-                           renderNodeAs[entity.id] = 'point';
-                           markerPadding = 20;   // extra y for marker height
-                       } else {
-                           renderNodeAs[entity.id] = 'vertex';
-                           markerPadding = 0;
-                       }
+           /**
+            * @see org.xml.sax.ErrorHandler
+            * @link http://www.saxproject.org/apidoc/org/xml/sax/ErrorHandler.html
+            */
+           warning: function warning(error) {
+             console.warn('[xmldom warning]\t' + error, _locator(this.locator));
+           },
+           error: function error(_error) {
+             console.error('[xmldom error]\t' + _error, _locator(this.locator));
+           },
+           fatalError: function fatalError(error) {
+             console.error('[xmldom fatalError]\t' + error, _locator(this.locator));
+             throw error;
+           }
+         };
 
-                       var coord = projection(entity.loc);
-                       var nodePadding = 10;
-                       var bbox = {
-                           minX: coord[0] - nodePadding,
-                           minY: coord[1] - nodePadding - markerPadding,
-                           maxX: coord[0] + nodePadding,
-                           maxY: coord[1] + nodePadding
-                       };
+         function _locator(l) {
+           if (l) {
+             return '\n@' + (l.systemId || '') + '#[line:' + l.lineNumber + ',col:' + l.columnNumber + ']';
+           }
+         }
 
-                       doInsert(bbox, entity.id + 'P');
-                   }
+         function _toString(chars, start, length) {
+           if (typeof chars == 'string') {
+             return chars.substr(start, length);
+           } else {
+             //java sax connect width xmldom on rhino(what about: "? && !(chars instanceof String)")
+             if (chars.length >= start + length || start) {
+               return new java.lang.String(chars, start, length) + '';
+             }
 
-                   // From here on, treat vertices like points
-                   if (geometry === 'vertex') {
-                       geometry = 'point';
-                   }
+             return chars;
+           }
+         }
+         /*
+          * @link http://www.saxproject.org/apidoc/org/xml/sax/ext/LexicalHandler.html
+          * used method of org.xml.sax.ext.LexicalHandler:
+          *  #comment(chars, start, length)
+          *  #startCDATA()
+          *  #endCDATA()
+          *  #startDTD(name, publicId, systemId)
+          *
+          *
+          * IGNORED method of org.xml.sax.ext.LexicalHandler:
+          *  #endDTD()
+          *  #startEntity(name)
+          *  #endEntity(name)
+          *
+          *
+          * @link http://www.saxproject.org/apidoc/org/xml/sax/ext/DeclHandler.html
+          * IGNORED method of org.xml.sax.ext.DeclHandler
+          *    #attributeDecl(eName, aName, type, mode, value)
+          *  #elementDecl(name, model)
+          *  #externalEntityDecl(name, publicId, systemId)
+          *  #internalEntityDecl(name, value)
+          * @link http://www.saxproject.org/apidoc/org/xml/sax/ext/EntityResolver2.html
+          * IGNORED method of org.xml.sax.EntityResolver2
+          *  #resolveEntity(String name,String publicId,String baseURI,String systemId)
+          *  #resolveEntity(publicId, systemId)
+          *  #getExternalSubset(name, baseURI)
+          * @link http://www.saxproject.org/apidoc/org/xml/sax/DTDHandler.html
+          * IGNORED method of org.xml.sax.DTDHandler
+          *  #notationDecl(name, publicId, systemId) {};
+          *  #unparsedEntityDecl(name, publicId, systemId, notationName) {};
+          */
 
-                   // Determine which entities are label-able
-                   var preset = geometry === 'area' && _mainPresetIndex.match(entity, graph);
-                   var icon = preset && !shouldSkipIcon(preset) && preset.icon;
 
-                   if (!icon && !utilDisplayName(entity))
-                       continue;
+         "endDTD,startEntity,endEntity,attributeDecl,elementDecl,externalEntityDecl,internalEntityDecl,resolveEntity,getExternalSubset,notationDecl,unparsedEntityDecl".replace(/\w+/g, function (key) {
+           DOMHandler.prototype[key] = function () {
+             return null;
+           };
+         });
+         /* Private static helpers treated below as private instance methods, so don't need to add these to the public API; we might use a Relator to also get rid of non-standard public properties */
 
-                   for (k = 0; k < labelStack.length; k++) {
-                       var matchGeom = labelStack[k][0];
-                       var matchKey = labelStack[k][1];
-                       var matchVal = labelStack[k][2];
-                       var hasVal = entity.tags[matchKey];
+         function appendElement(hander, node) {
+           if (!hander.currentElement) {
+             hander.doc.appendChild(node);
+           } else {
+             hander.currentElement.appendChild(node);
+           }
+         } //appendChild and setAttributeNS are preformance key
+         //if(typeof require == 'function'){
 
-                       if (geometry === matchGeom && hasVal && (matchVal === '*' || matchVal === hasVal)) {
-                           labelable[k].push(entity);
-                           break;
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
 
-               var positions = {
-                   point: [],
-                   line: [],
-                   area: []
-               };
+         var XMLReader = sax.XMLReader;
+         var DOMImplementation = exports.DOMImplementation = dom.DOMImplementation;
+         exports.XMLSerializer = dom.XMLSerializer;
+         exports.DOMParser = DOMParser; //}
+       });
 
-               var labelled = {
-                   point: [],
-                   line: [],
-                   area: []
-               };
+       var togeojson = createCommonjsModule(function (module, exports) {
+         var toGeoJSON = function () {
 
-               // Try and find a valid label for labellable entities
-               for (k = 0; k < labelable.length; k++) {
-                   var fontSize = labelStack[k][3];
+           var removeSpace = /\s*/g,
+               trimSpace = /^\s*|\s*$/g,
+               splitSpace = /\s+/; // generate a short, numeric hash of a string
 
-                   for (i = 0; i < labelable[k].length; i++) {
-                       entity = labelable[k][i];
-                       geometry = entity.geometry(graph);
+           function okhash(x) {
+             if (!x || !x.length) return 0;
 
-                       var getName = (geometry === 'line') ? utilDisplayNameForPath : utilDisplayName;
-                       var name = getName(entity);
-                       var width = name && textWidth(name, fontSize);
-                       var p = null;
+             for (var i = 0, h = 0; i < x.length; i++) {
+               h = (h << 5) - h + x.charCodeAt(i) | 0;
+             }
 
-                       if (geometry === 'point' || geometry === 'vertex') {
-                           // no point or vertex labels in wireframe mode
-                           // no vertex labels at low zooms (vertices have no icons)
-                           if (wireframe) continue;
-                           var renderAs = renderNodeAs[entity.id];
-                           if (renderAs === 'vertex' && zoom < 17) continue;
+             return h;
+           } // all Y children of X
 
-                           p = getPointLabel(entity, width, fontSize, renderAs);
 
-                       } else if (geometry === 'line') {
-                           p = getLineLabel(entity, width, fontSize);
+           function get(x, y) {
+             return x.getElementsByTagName(y);
+           }
 
-                       } else if (geometry === 'area') {
-                           p = getAreaLabel(entity, width, fontSize);
-                       }
+           function attr(x, y) {
+             return x.getAttribute(y);
+           }
 
-                       if (p) {
-                           if (geometry === 'vertex') { geometry = 'point'; }  // treat vertex like point
-                           p.classes = geometry + ' tag-' + labelStack[k][1];
-                           positions[geometry].push(p);
-                           labelled[geometry].push(entity);
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
+           function attrf(x, y) {
+             return parseFloat(attr(x, y));
+           } // one Y child of X, if any, otherwise null
 
 
-               function isInterestingVertex(entity) {
-                   var selectedIDs = context.selectedIDs();
+           function get1(x, y) {
+             var n = get(x, y);
+             return n.length ? n[0] : null;
+           } // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Node.normalize
 
-                   return entity.hasInterestingTags() ||
-                       entity.isEndpoint(graph) ||
-                       entity.isConnected(graph) ||
-                       selectedIDs.indexOf(entity.id) !== -1 ||
-                       graph.parentWays(entity).some(function(parent) {
-                           return selectedIDs.indexOf(parent.id) !== -1;
-                       });
-               }
 
+           function norm(el) {
+             if (el.normalize) {
+               el.normalize();
+             }
 
-               function getPointLabel(entity, width, height, geometry) {
-                   var y = (geometry === 'point' ? -12 : 0);
-                   var pointOffsets = {
-                       ltr: [15, y, 'start'],
-                       rtl: [-15, y, 'end']
-                   };
+             return el;
+           } // cast array x into numbers
 
-                   var textDirection = _mainLocalizer.textDirection();
 
-                   var coord = projection(entity.loc);
-                   var textPadding = 2;
-                   var offset = pointOffsets[textDirection];
-                   var p = {
-                       height: height,
-                       width: width,
-                       x: coord[0] + offset[0],
-                       y: coord[1] + offset[1],
-                       textAnchor: offset[2]
-                   };
+           function numarray(x) {
+             for (var j = 0, o = []; j < x.length; j++) {
+               o[j] = parseFloat(x[j]);
+             }
 
-                   // insert a collision box for the text label..
-                   var bbox;
-                   if (textDirection === 'rtl') {
-                       bbox = {
-                           minX: p.x - width - textPadding,
-                           minY: p.y - (height / 2) - textPadding,
-                           maxX: p.x + textPadding,
-                           maxY: p.y + (height / 2) + textPadding
-                       };
-                   } else {
-                       bbox = {
-                           minX: p.x - textPadding,
-                           minY: p.y - (height / 2) - textPadding,
-                           maxX: p.x + width + textPadding,
-                           maxY: p.y + (height / 2) + textPadding
-                       };
-                   }
+             return o;
+           } // get the content of a text node, if any
 
-                   if (tryInsert([bbox], entity.id, true)) {
-                       return p;
-                   }
-               }
 
+           function nodeVal(x) {
+             if (x) {
+               norm(x);
+             }
 
-               function getLineLabel(entity, width, height) {
-                   var viewport = geoExtent(context.projection.clipExtent()).polygon();
-                   var points = graph.childNodes(entity)
-                       .map(function(node) { return projection(node.loc); });
-                   var length = geoPathLength(points);
+             return x && x.textContent || '';
+           } // get the contents of multiple text nodes, if present
 
-                   if (length < width + 20) return;
 
-                   // % along the line to attempt to place the label
-                   var lineOffsets = [50, 45, 55, 40, 60, 35, 65, 30, 70,
-                                      25, 75, 20, 80, 15, 95, 10, 90, 5, 95];
-                   var padding = 3;
+           function getMulti(x, ys) {
+             var o = {},
+                 n,
+                 k;
 
-                   for (var i = 0; i < lineOffsets.length; i++) {
-                       var offset = lineOffsets[i];
-                       var middle = offset / 100 * length;
-                       var start = middle - width / 2;
+             for (k = 0; k < ys.length; k++) {
+               n = get1(x, ys[k]);
+               if (n) o[ys[k]] = nodeVal(n);
+             }
 
-                       if (start < 0 || start + width > length) continue;
+             return o;
+           } // add properties of Y to X, overwriting if present in both
 
-                       // generate subpath and ignore paths that are invalid or don't cross viewport.
-                       var sub = subpath(points, start, start + width);
-                       if (!sub || !geoPolygonIntersectsPolygon(viewport, sub, true)) {
-                           continue;
-                       }
 
-                       var isReverse = reverse(sub);
-                       if (isReverse) {
-                           sub = sub.reverse();
-                       }
+           function extend(x, y) {
+             for (var k in y) {
+               x[k] = y[k];
+             }
+           } // get one coordinate from a coordinate array, if any
 
-                       var bboxes = [];
-                       var boxsize = (height + 2) / 2;
-
-                       for (var j = 0; j < sub.length - 1; j++) {
-                           var a = sub[j];
-                           var b = sub[j + 1];
-
-                           // split up the text into small collision boxes
-                           var num = Math.max(1, Math.floor(geoVecLength(a, b) / boxsize / 2));
-
-                           for (var box = 0; box < num; box++) {
-                               var p = geoVecInterp(a, b, box / num);
-                               var x0 = p[0] - boxsize - padding;
-                               var y0 = p[1] - boxsize - padding;
-                               var x1 = p[0] + boxsize + padding;
-                               var y1 = p[1] + boxsize + padding;
-
-                               bboxes.push({
-                                   minX: Math.min(x0, x1),
-                                   minY: Math.min(y0, y1),
-                                   maxX: Math.max(x0, x1),
-                                   maxY: Math.max(y0, y1)
-                               });
-                           }
-                       }
 
-                       if (tryInsert(bboxes, entity.id, false)) {   // accept this one
-                           return {
-                               'font-size': height + 2,
-                               lineString: lineString(sub),
-                               startOffset: offset + '%'
-                           };
-                       }
-                   }
+           function coord1(v) {
+             return numarray(v.replace(removeSpace, '').split(','));
+           } // get all coordinates from a coordinate array as [[],[]]
 
-                   function reverse(p) {
-                       var angle = Math.atan2(p[1][1] - p[0][1], p[1][0] - p[0][0]);
-                       return !(p[0][0] < p[p.length - 1][0] && angle < Math.PI/2 && angle > -Math.PI/2);
-                   }
 
-                   function lineString(points) {
-                       return 'M' + points.join('L');
-                   }
+           function coord(v) {
+             var coords = v.replace(trimSpace, '').split(splitSpace),
+                 o = [];
 
-                   function subpath(points, from, to) {
-                       var sofar = 0;
-                       var start, end, i0, i1;
-
-                       for (var i = 0; i < points.length - 1; i++) {
-                           var a = points[i];
-                           var b = points[i + 1];
-                           var current = geoVecLength(a, b);
-                           var portion;
-                           if (!start && sofar + current >= from) {
-                               portion = (from - sofar) / current;
-                               start = [
-                                   a[0] + portion * (b[0] - a[0]),
-                                   a[1] + portion * (b[1] - a[1])
-                               ];
-                               i0 = i + 1;
-                           }
-                           if (!end && sofar + current >= to) {
-                               portion = (to - sofar) / current;
-                               end = [
-                                   a[0] + portion * (b[0] - a[0]),
-                                   a[1] + portion * (b[1] - a[1])
-                               ];
-                               i1 = i + 1;
-                           }
-                           sofar += current;
-                       }
+             for (var i = 0; i < coords.length; i++) {
+               o.push(coord1(coords[i]));
+             }
 
-                       var result = points.slice(i0, i1);
-                       result.unshift(start);
-                       result.push(end);
-                       return result;
-                   }
-               }
+             return o;
+           }
 
+           function coordPair(x) {
+             var ll = [attrf(x, 'lon'), attrf(x, 'lat')],
+                 ele = get1(x, 'ele'),
+                 // handle namespaced attribute in browser
+             heartRate = get1(x, 'gpxtpx:hr') || get1(x, 'hr'),
+                 time = get1(x, 'time'),
+                 e;
 
-               function getAreaLabel(entity, width, height) {
-                   var centroid = path.centroid(entity.asGeoJSON(graph, true));
-                   var extent = entity.extent(graph);
-                   var areaWidth = projection(extent[1])[0] - projection(extent[0])[0];
+             if (ele) {
+               e = parseFloat(nodeVal(ele));
 
-                   if (isNaN(centroid[0]) || areaWidth < 20) return;
+               if (!isNaN(e)) {
+                 ll.push(e);
+               }
+             }
 
-                   var preset = _mainPresetIndex.match(entity, context.graph());
-                   var picon = preset && preset.icon;
-                   var iconSize = 17;
-                   var padding = 2;
-                   var p = {};
-
-                   if (picon) {  // icon and label..
-                       if (addIcon()) {
-                           addLabel(iconSize + padding);
-                           return p;
-                       }
-                   } else {   // label only..
-                       if (addLabel(0)) {
-                           return p;
-                       }
-                   }
+             return {
+               coordinates: ll,
+               time: time ? nodeVal(time) : null,
+               heartRate: heartRate ? parseFloat(nodeVal(heartRate)) : null
+             };
+           } // create a new feature collection parent object
 
 
-                   function addIcon() {
-                       var iconX = centroid[0] - (iconSize / 2);
-                       var iconY = centroid[1] - (iconSize / 2);
-                       var bbox = {
-                           minX: iconX,
-                           minY: iconY,
-                           maxX: iconX + iconSize,
-                           maxY: iconY + iconSize
-                       };
+           function fc() {
+             return {
+               type: 'FeatureCollection',
+               features: []
+             };
+           }
 
-                       if (tryInsert([bbox], entity.id + 'I', true)) {
-                           p.transform = 'translate(' + iconX + ',' + iconY + ')';
-                           return true;
-                       }
-                       return false;
-                   }
+           var serializer;
 
-                   function addLabel(yOffset) {
-                       if (width && areaWidth >= width + 20) {
-                           var labelX = centroid[0];
-                           var labelY = centroid[1] + yOffset;
-                           var bbox = {
-                               minX: labelX - (width / 2) - padding,
-                               minY: labelY - (height / 2) - padding,
-                               maxX: labelX + (width / 2) + padding,
-                               maxY: labelY + (height / 2) + padding
-                           };
-
-                           if (tryInsert([bbox], entity.id, true)) {
-                               p.x = labelX;
-                               p.y = labelY;
-                               p.textAnchor = 'middle';
-                               p.height = height;
-                               return true;
-                           }
-                       }
-                       return false;
-                   }
-               }
+           if (typeof XMLSerializer !== 'undefined') {
+             /* istanbul ignore next */
+             serializer = new XMLSerializer(); // only require xmldom in a node environment
+           } else if ((typeof process === "undefined" ? "undefined" : _typeof(process)) === 'object' && !process.browser) {
+             serializer = new domParser.XMLSerializer();
+           }
 
+           function xml2str(str) {
+             // IE9 will create a new XMLSerializer but it'll crash immediately.
+             // This line is ignored because we don't run coverage tests in IE9
 
-               // force insert a singular bounding box
-               // singular box only, no array, id better be unique
-               function doInsert(bbox, id) {
-                   bbox.id = id;
+             /* istanbul ignore next */
+             if (str.xml !== undefined) return str.xml;
+             return serializer.serializeToString(str);
+           }
 
-                   var oldbox = _entitybboxes[id];
-                   if (oldbox) {
-                       _rdrawn.remove(oldbox);
-                   }
-                   _entitybboxes[id] = bbox;
-                   _rdrawn.insert(bbox);
+           var t = {
+             kml: function kml(doc) {
+               var gj = fc(),
+                   // styleindex keeps track of hashed styles in order to match features
+               styleIndex = {},
+                   styleByHash = {},
+                   // stylemapindex keeps track of style maps to expose in properties
+               styleMapIndex = {},
+                   // atomic geospatial types supported by KML - MultiGeometry is
+               // handled separately
+               geotypes = ['Polygon', 'LineString', 'Point', 'Track', 'gx:Track'],
+                   // all root placemarks in the file
+               placemarks = get(doc, 'Placemark'),
+                   styles = get(doc, 'Style'),
+                   styleMaps = get(doc, 'StyleMap');
+
+               for (var k = 0; k < styles.length; k++) {
+                 var hash = okhash(xml2str(styles[k])).toString(16);
+                 styleIndex['#' + attr(styles[k], 'id')] = hash;
+                 styleByHash[hash] = styles[k];
+               }
+
+               for (var l = 0; l < styleMaps.length; l++) {
+                 styleIndex['#' + attr(styleMaps[l], 'id')] = okhash(xml2str(styleMaps[l])).toString(16);
+                 var pairs = get(styleMaps[l], 'Pair');
+                 var pairsMap = {};
+
+                 for (var m = 0; m < pairs.length; m++) {
+                   pairsMap[nodeVal(get1(pairs[m], 'key'))] = nodeVal(get1(pairs[m], 'styleUrl'));
+                 }
+
+                 styleMapIndex['#' + attr(styleMaps[l], 'id')] = pairsMap;
                }
 
+               for (var j = 0; j < placemarks.length; j++) {
+                 gj.features = gj.features.concat(getPlacemark(placemarks[j]));
+               }
 
-               function tryInsert(bboxes, id, saveSkipped) {
-                   var skipped = false;
+               function kmlColor(v) {
+                 var color, opacity;
+                 v = v || '';
 
-                   for (var i = 0; i < bboxes.length; i++) {
-                       var bbox = bboxes[i];
-                       bbox.id = id;
+                 if (v.substr(0, 1) === '#') {
+                   v = v.substr(1);
+                 }
 
-                       // Check that label is visible
-                       if (bbox.minX < 0 || bbox.minY < 0 || bbox.maxX > dimensions[0] || bbox.maxY > dimensions[1]) {
-                           skipped = true;
-                           break;
-                       }
-                       if (_rdrawn.collides(bbox)) {
-                           skipped = true;
-                           break;
-                       }
-                   }
+                 if (v.length === 6 || v.length === 3) {
+                   color = v;
+                 }
 
-                   _entitybboxes[id] = bboxes;
+                 if (v.length === 8) {
+                   opacity = parseInt(v.substr(0, 2), 16) / 255;
+                   color = '#' + v.substr(6, 2) + v.substr(4, 2) + v.substr(2, 2);
+                 }
 
-                   if (skipped) {
-                       if (saveSkipped) {
-                           _rskipped.load(bboxes);
-                       }
-                   } else {
-                       _rdrawn.load(bboxes);
-                   }
+                 return [color, isNaN(opacity) ? undefined : opacity];
+               }
 
-                   return !skipped;
+               function gxCoord(v) {
+                 return numarray(v.split(' '));
                }
 
+               function gxCoords(root) {
+                 var elems = get(root, 'coord'),
+                     coords = [],
+                     times = [];
+                 if (elems.length === 0) elems = get(root, 'gx:coord');
 
-               var layer = selection.selectAll('.layer-osm.labels');
-               layer.selectAll('.labels-group')
-                   .data(['halo', 'label', 'debug'])
-                   .enter()
-                   .append('g')
-                   .attr('class', function(d) { return 'labels-group ' + d; });
+                 for (var i = 0; i < elems.length; i++) {
+                   coords.push(gxCoord(nodeVal(elems[i])));
+                 }
 
-               var halo = layer.selectAll('.labels-group.halo');
-               var label = layer.selectAll('.labels-group.label');
-               var debug = layer.selectAll('.labels-group.debug');
+                 var timeElems = get(root, 'when');
 
-               // points
-               drawPointLabels(label, labelled.point, filter, 'pointlabel', positions.point);
-               drawPointLabels(halo, labelled.point, filter, 'pointlabel-halo', positions.point);
+                 for (var j = 0; j < timeElems.length; j++) {
+                   times.push(nodeVal(timeElems[j]));
+                 }
 
-               // lines
-               drawLinePaths(layer, labelled.line, filter, '', positions.line);
-               drawLineLabels(label, labelled.line, filter, 'linelabel', positions.line);
-               drawLineLabels(halo, labelled.line, filter, 'linelabel-halo', positions.line);
+                 return {
+                   coords: coords,
+                   times: times
+                 };
+               }
 
-               // areas
-               drawAreaLabels(label, labelled.area, filter, 'arealabel', positions.area);
-               drawAreaLabels(halo, labelled.area, filter, 'arealabel-halo', positions.area);
-               drawAreaIcons(label, labelled.area, filter, 'areaicon', positions.area);
-               drawAreaIcons(halo, labelled.area, filter, 'areaicon-halo', positions.area);
+               function getGeometry(root) {
+                 var geomNode,
+                     geomNodes,
+                     i,
+                     j,
+                     k,
+                     geoms = [],
+                     coordTimes = [];
 
-               // debug
-               drawCollisionBoxes(debug, _rskipped, 'debug-skipped');
-               drawCollisionBoxes(debug, _rdrawn, 'debug-drawn');
+                 if (get1(root, 'MultiGeometry')) {
+                   return getGeometry(get1(root, 'MultiGeometry'));
+                 }
 
-               layer.call(filterLabels);
-           }
+                 if (get1(root, 'MultiTrack')) {
+                   return getGeometry(get1(root, 'MultiTrack'));
+                 }
 
+                 if (get1(root, 'gx:MultiTrack')) {
+                   return getGeometry(get1(root, 'gx:MultiTrack'));
+                 }
 
-           function filterLabels(selection) {
-               var drawLayer = selection.selectAll('.layer-osm.labels');
-               var layers = drawLayer.selectAll('.labels-group.halo, .labels-group.label');
+                 for (i = 0; i < geotypes.length; i++) {
+                   geomNodes = get(root, geotypes[i]);
 
-               layers.selectAll('.nolabel')
-                   .classed('nolabel', false);
+                   if (geomNodes) {
+                     for (j = 0; j < geomNodes.length; j++) {
+                       geomNode = geomNodes[j];
 
-               var mouse = context.map().mouse();
-               var graph = context.graph();
-               var selectedIDs = context.selectedIDs();
-               var ids = [];
-               var pad, bbox;
-
-               // hide labels near the mouse
-               if (mouse) {
-                   pad = 20;
-                   bbox = { minX: mouse[0] - pad, minY: mouse[1] - pad, maxX: mouse[0] + pad, maxY: mouse[1] + pad };
-                   var nearMouse = _rdrawn.search(bbox).map(function(entity) { return entity.id; });
-                   ids.push.apply(ids, nearMouse);
-               }
-
-               // hide labels on selected nodes (they look weird when dragging / haloed)
-               for (var i = 0; i < selectedIDs.length; i++) {
-                   var entity = graph.hasEntity(selectedIDs[i]);
-                   if (entity && entity.type === 'node') {
-                       ids.push(selectedIDs[i]);
-                   }
-               }
+                       if (geotypes[i] === 'Point') {
+                         geoms.push({
+                           type: 'Point',
+                           coordinates: coord1(nodeVal(get1(geomNode, 'coordinates')))
+                         });
+                       } else if (geotypes[i] === 'LineString') {
+                         geoms.push({
+                           type: 'LineString',
+                           coordinates: coord(nodeVal(get1(geomNode, 'coordinates')))
+                         });
+                       } else if (geotypes[i] === 'Polygon') {
+                         var rings = get(geomNode, 'LinearRing'),
+                             coords = [];
 
-               layers.selectAll(utilEntitySelector(ids))
-                   .classed('nolabel', true);
+                         for (k = 0; k < rings.length; k++) {
+                           coords.push(coord(nodeVal(get1(rings[k], 'coordinates'))));
+                         }
 
+                         geoms.push({
+                           type: 'Polygon',
+                           coordinates: coords
+                         });
+                       } else if (geotypes[i] === 'Track' || geotypes[i] === 'gx:Track') {
+                         var track = gxCoords(geomNode);
+                         geoms.push({
+                           type: 'LineString',
+                           coordinates: track.coords
+                         });
+                         if (track.times.length) coordTimes.push(track.times);
+                       }
+                     }
+                   }
+                 }
 
-               // draw the mouse bbox if debugging is on..
-               var debug = selection.selectAll('.labels-group.debug');
-               var gj = [];
-               if (context.getDebug('collision')) {
-                   gj = bbox ? [{
-                       type: 'Polygon',
-                       coordinates: [[
-                           [bbox.minX, bbox.minY],
-                           [bbox.maxX, bbox.minY],
-                           [bbox.maxX, bbox.maxY],
-                           [bbox.minX, bbox.maxY],
-                           [bbox.minX, bbox.minY]
-                       ]]
-                   }] : [];
+                 return {
+                   geoms: geoms,
+                   coordTimes: coordTimes
+                 };
                }
 
-               var box = debug.selectAll('.debug-mouse')
-                   .data(gj);
+               function getPlacemark(root) {
+                 var geomsAndTimes = getGeometry(root),
+                     i,
+                     properties = {},
+                     name = nodeVal(get1(root, 'name')),
+                     address = nodeVal(get1(root, 'address')),
+                     styleUrl = nodeVal(get1(root, 'styleUrl')),
+                     description = nodeVal(get1(root, 'description')),
+                     timeSpan = get1(root, 'TimeSpan'),
+                     timeStamp = get1(root, 'TimeStamp'),
+                     extendedData = get1(root, 'ExtendedData'),
+                     lineStyle = get1(root, 'LineStyle'),
+                     polyStyle = get1(root, 'PolyStyle'),
+                     visibility = get1(root, 'visibility');
+                 if (!geomsAndTimes.geoms.length) return [];
+                 if (name) properties.name = name;
+                 if (address) properties.address = address;
 
-               // exit
-               box.exit()
-                   .remove();
-
-               // enter/update
-               box.enter()
-                   .append('path')
-                   .attr('class', 'debug debug-mouse yellow')
-                   .merge(box)
-                   .attr('d', d3_geoPath());
-           }
+                 if (styleUrl) {
+                   if (styleUrl[0] !== '#') {
+                     styleUrl = '#' + styleUrl;
+                   }
 
+                   properties.styleUrl = styleUrl;
 
-           var throttleFilterLabels = throttle(filterLabels, 100);
+                   if (styleIndex[styleUrl]) {
+                     properties.styleHash = styleIndex[styleUrl];
+                   }
 
+                   if (styleMapIndex[styleUrl]) {
+                     properties.styleMapHash = styleMapIndex[styleUrl];
+                     properties.styleHash = styleIndex[styleMapIndex[styleUrl].normal];
+                   } // Try to populate the lineStyle or polyStyle since we got the style hash
 
-           drawLabels.observe = function(selection) {
-               var listener = function() { throttleFilterLabels(selection); };
-               selection.on('mousemove.hidelabels', listener);
-               context.on('enter.hidelabels', listener);
-           };
 
+                   var style = styleByHash[properties.styleHash];
 
-           drawLabels.off = function(selection) {
-               throttleFilterLabels.cancel();
-               selection.on('mousemove.hidelabels', null);
-               context.on('enter.hidelabels', null);
-           };
+                   if (style) {
+                     if (!lineStyle) lineStyle = get1(style, 'LineStyle');
+                     if (!polyStyle) polyStyle = get1(style, 'PolyStyle');
+                   }
+                 }
 
+                 if (description) properties.description = description;
 
-           return drawLabels;
-       }
+                 if (timeSpan) {
+                   var begin = nodeVal(get1(timeSpan, 'begin'));
+                   var end = nodeVal(get1(timeSpan, 'end'));
+                   properties.timespan = {
+                     begin: begin,
+                     end: end
+                   };
+                 }
 
-       let _layerEnabled$1 = false;
-       let _qaService$1;
+                 if (timeStamp) {
+                   properties.timestamp = nodeVal(get1(timeStamp, 'when'));
+                 }
 
-       function svgImproveOSM(projection, context, dispatch) {
-         const throttledRedraw = throttle(() => dispatch.call('change'), 1000);
-         const minZoom = 12;
+                 if (lineStyle) {
+                   var linestyles = kmlColor(nodeVal(get1(lineStyle, 'color'))),
+                       color = linestyles[0],
+                       opacity = linestyles[1],
+                       width = parseFloat(nodeVal(get1(lineStyle, 'width')));
+                   if (color) properties.stroke = color;
+                   if (!isNaN(opacity)) properties['stroke-opacity'] = opacity;
+                   if (!isNaN(width)) properties['stroke-width'] = width;
+                 }
 
-         let touchLayer = select(null);
-         let drawLayer = select(null);
-         let layerVisible = false;
+                 if (polyStyle) {
+                   var polystyles = kmlColor(nodeVal(get1(polyStyle, 'color'))),
+                       pcolor = polystyles[0],
+                       popacity = polystyles[1],
+                       fill = nodeVal(get1(polyStyle, 'fill')),
+                       outline = nodeVal(get1(polyStyle, 'outline'));
+                   if (pcolor) properties.fill = pcolor;
+                   if (!isNaN(popacity)) properties['fill-opacity'] = popacity;
+                   if (fill) properties['fill-opacity'] = fill === '1' ? properties['fill-opacity'] || 1 : 0;
+                   if (outline) properties['stroke-opacity'] = outline === '1' ? properties['stroke-opacity'] || 1 : 0;
+                 }
 
-         function markerPath(selection, klass) {
-           selection
-             .attr('class', klass)
-             .attr('transform', 'translate(-10, -28)')
-             .attr('points', '16,3 4,3 1,6 1,17 4,20 7,20 10,27 13,20 16,20 19,17.033 19,6');
-         }
+                 if (extendedData) {
+                   var datas = get(extendedData, 'Data'),
+                       simpleDatas = get(extendedData, 'SimpleData');
 
-         // Loosely-coupled improveOSM service for fetching issues
-         function getService() {
-           if (services.improveOSM && !_qaService$1) {
-             _qaService$1 = services.improveOSM;
-             _qaService$1.on('loaded', throttledRedraw);
-           } else if (!services.improveOSM && _qaService$1) {
-             _qaService$1 = null;
-           }
+                   for (i = 0; i < datas.length; i++) {
+                     properties[datas[i].getAttribute('name')] = nodeVal(get1(datas[i], 'value'));
+                   }
 
-           return _qaService$1;
-         }
+                   for (i = 0; i < simpleDatas.length; i++) {
+                     properties[simpleDatas[i].getAttribute('name')] = nodeVal(simpleDatas[i]);
+                   }
+                 }
 
-         // Show the markers
-         function editOn() {
-           if (!layerVisible) {
-             layerVisible = true;
-             drawLayer
-               .style('display', 'block');
-           }
-         }
+                 if (visibility) {
+                   properties.visibility = nodeVal(visibility);
+                 }
 
-         // Immediately remove the markers and their touch targets
-         function editOff() {
-           if (layerVisible) {
-             layerVisible = false;
-             drawLayer
-               .style('display', 'none');
-             drawLayer.selectAll('.qaItem.improveOSM')
-               .remove();
-             touchLayer.selectAll('.qaItem.improveOSM')
-               .remove();
-           }
-         }
+                 if (geomsAndTimes.coordTimes.length) {
+                   properties.coordTimes = geomsAndTimes.coordTimes.length === 1 ? geomsAndTimes.coordTimes[0] : geomsAndTimes.coordTimes;
+                 }
 
-         // Enable the layer.  This shows the markers and transitions them to visible.
-         function layerOn() {
-           editOn();
+                 var feature = {
+                   type: 'Feature',
+                   geometry: geomsAndTimes.geoms.length === 1 ? geomsAndTimes.geoms[0] : {
+                     type: 'GeometryCollection',
+                     geometries: geomsAndTimes.geoms
+                   },
+                   properties: properties
+                 };
+                 if (attr(root, 'id')) feature.id = attr(root, 'id');
+                 return [feature];
+               }
 
-           drawLayer
-             .style('opacity', 0)
-             .transition()
-             .duration(250)
-             .style('opacity', 1)
-             .on('end interrupt', () => dispatch.call('change'));
-         }
+               return gj;
+             },
+             gpx: function gpx(doc) {
+               var i,
+                   tracks = get(doc, 'trk'),
+                   routes = get(doc, 'rte'),
+                   waypoints = get(doc, 'wpt'),
+                   // a feature collection
+               gj = fc(),
+                   feature;
+
+               for (i = 0; i < tracks.length; i++) {
+                 feature = getTrack(tracks[i]);
+                 if (feature) gj.features.push(feature);
+               }
+
+               for (i = 0; i < routes.length; i++) {
+                 feature = getRoute(routes[i]);
+                 if (feature) gj.features.push(feature);
+               }
+
+               for (i = 0; i < waypoints.length; i++) {
+                 gj.features.push(getPoint(waypoints[i]));
+               }
+
+               function getPoints(node, pointname) {
+                 var pts = get(node, pointname),
+                     line = [],
+                     times = [],
+                     heartRates = [],
+                     l = pts.length;
+                 if (l < 2) return {}; // Invalid line in GeoJSON
+
+                 for (var i = 0; i < l; i++) {
+                   var c = coordPair(pts[i]);
+                   line.push(c.coordinates);
+                   if (c.time) times.push(c.time);
+                   if (c.heartRate) heartRates.push(c.heartRate);
+                 }
 
-         // Disable the layer.  This transitions the layer invisible and then hides the markers.
-         function layerOff() {
-           throttledRedraw.cancel();
-           drawLayer.interrupt();
-           touchLayer.selectAll('.qaItem.improveOSM')
-             .remove();
-
-           drawLayer
-             .transition()
-             .duration(250)
-             .style('opacity', 0)
-             .on('end interrupt', () => {
-               editOff();
-               dispatch.call('change');
-             });
-         }
+                 return {
+                   line: line,
+                   times: times,
+                   heartRates: heartRates
+                 };
+               }
 
-         // Update the issue markers
-         function updateMarkers() {
-           if (!layerVisible || !_layerEnabled$1) return;
+               function getTrack(node) {
+                 var segments = get(node, 'trkseg'),
+                     track = [],
+                     times = [],
+                     heartRates = [],
+                     line;
 
-           const service = getService();
-           const selectedID = context.selectedErrorID();
-           const data = (service ? service.getItems(projection) : []);
-           const getTransform = svgPointTransform(projection);
+                 for (var i = 0; i < segments.length; i++) {
+                   line = getPoints(segments[i], 'trkpt');
 
-           // Draw markers..
-           const markers = drawLayer.selectAll('.qaItem.improveOSM')
-             .data(data, d => d.id);
+                   if (line) {
+                     if (line.line) track.push(line.line);
+                     if (line.times && line.times.length) times.push(line.times);
+                     if (line.heartRates && line.heartRates.length) heartRates.push(line.heartRates);
+                   }
+                 }
 
-           // exit
-           markers.exit()
-             .remove();
+                 if (track.length === 0) return;
+                 var properties = getProperties(node);
+                 extend(properties, getLineStyle(get1(node, 'extensions')));
+                 if (times.length) properties.coordTimes = track.length === 1 ? times[0] : times;
+                 if (heartRates.length) properties.heartRates = track.length === 1 ? heartRates[0] : heartRates;
+                 return {
+                   type: 'Feature',
+                   properties: properties,
+                   geometry: {
+                     type: track.length === 1 ? 'LineString' : 'MultiLineString',
+                     coordinates: track.length === 1 ? track[0] : track
+                   }
+                 };
+               }
 
-           // enter
-           const markersEnter = markers.enter()
-             .append('g')
-               .attr('class', d => `qaItem ${d.service} itemId-${d.id} itemType-${d.itemType}`);
-
-           markersEnter
-             .append('polygon')
-               .call(markerPath, 'shadow');
-
-           markersEnter
-             .append('ellipse')
-               .attr('cx', 0)
-               .attr('cy', 0)
-               .attr('rx', 4.5)
-               .attr('ry', 2)
-               .attr('class', 'stroke');
-
-           markersEnter
-             .append('polygon')
-               .attr('fill', 'currentColor')
-               .call(markerPath, 'qaItem-fill');
-
-           markersEnter
-             .append('use')
-               .attr('transform', 'translate(-6.5, -23)')
-               .attr('class', 'icon-annotation')
-               .attr('width', '13px')
-               .attr('height', '13px')
-               .attr('xlink:href', d => {
-                 const picon = d.icon;
-
-                 if (!picon) {
-                 return '';
-                 } else {
-                 const isMaki = /^maki-/.test(picon);
-                 return `#${picon}${isMaki ? '-11' : ''}`;
-                 }
-               });
+               function getRoute(node) {
+                 var line = getPoints(node, 'rtept');
+                 if (!line.line) return;
+                 var prop = getProperties(node);
+                 extend(prop, getLineStyle(get1(node, 'extensions')));
+                 var routeObj = {
+                   type: 'Feature',
+                   properties: prop,
+                   geometry: {
+                     type: 'LineString',
+                     coordinates: line.line
+                   }
+                 };
+                 return routeObj;
+               }
 
-           // update
-           markers
-             .merge(markersEnter)
-             .sort(sortY)
-               .classed('selected', d => d.id === selectedID)
-               .attr('transform', getTransform);
+               function getPoint(node) {
+                 var prop = getProperties(node);
+                 extend(prop, getMulti(node, ['sym']));
+                 return {
+                   type: 'Feature',
+                   properties: prop,
+                   geometry: {
+                     type: 'Point',
+                     coordinates: coordPair(node).coordinates
+                   }
+                 };
+               }
 
+               function getLineStyle(extensions) {
+                 var style = {};
 
-           // Draw targets..
-           if (touchLayer.empty()) return;
-           const fillClass = context.getDebug('target') ? 'pink ' : 'nocolor ';
-
-           const targets = touchLayer.selectAll('.qaItem.improveOSM')
-             .data(data, d => d.id);
-
-           // exit
-           targets.exit()
-             .remove();
-
-           // enter/update
-           targets.enter()
-             .append('rect')
-               .attr('width', '20px')
-               .attr('height', '30px')
-               .attr('x', '-10px')
-               .attr('y', '-28px')
-             .merge(targets)
-             .sort(sortY)
-               .attr('class', d => `qaItem ${d.service} target ${fillClass} itemId-${d.id}`)
-               .attr('transform', getTransform);
+                 if (extensions) {
+                   var lineStyle = get1(extensions, 'line');
 
-           function sortY(a, b) {
-             return (a.id === selectedID) ? 1
-               : (b.id === selectedID) ? -1
-               : b.loc[1] - a.loc[1];
-           }
-         }
+                   if (lineStyle) {
+                     var color = nodeVal(get1(lineStyle, 'color')),
+                         opacity = parseFloat(nodeVal(get1(lineStyle, 'opacity'))),
+                         width = parseFloat(nodeVal(get1(lineStyle, 'width')));
+                     if (color) style.stroke = color;
+                     if (!isNaN(opacity)) style['stroke-opacity'] = opacity; // GPX width is in mm, convert to px with 96 px per inch
 
-         // Draw the ImproveOSM layer and schedule loading issues and updating markers.
-         function drawImproveOSM(selection) {
-           const service = getService();
+                     if (!isNaN(width)) style['stroke-width'] = width * 96 / 25.4;
+                   }
+                 }
 
-           const surface = context.surface();
-           if (surface && !surface.empty()) {
-             touchLayer = surface.selectAll('.data-layer.touch .layer-touch.markers');
-           }
+                 return style;
+               }
 
-           drawLayer = selection.selectAll('.layer-improveOSM')
-             .data(service ? [0] : []);
+               function getProperties(node) {
+                 var prop = getMulti(node, ['name', 'cmt', 'desc', 'type', 'time', 'keywords']),
+                     links = get(node, 'link');
+                 if (links.length) prop.links = [];
 
-           drawLayer.exit()
-             .remove();
+                 for (var i = 0, link; i < links.length; i++) {
+                   link = {
+                     href: attr(links[i], 'href')
+                   };
+                   extend(link, getMulti(links[i], ['text', 'type']));
+                   prop.links.push(link);
+                 }
 
-           drawLayer = drawLayer.enter()
-             .append('g')
-               .attr('class', 'layer-improveOSM')
-               .style('display', _layerEnabled$1 ? 'block' : 'none')
-             .merge(drawLayer);
+                 return prop;
+               }
 
-           if (_layerEnabled$1) {
-             if (service && ~~context.map().zoom() >= minZoom) {
-               editOn();
-               service.loadIssues(projection);
-               updateMarkers();
-             } else {
-               editOff();
+               return gj;
              }
-           }
-         }
+           };
+           return t;
+         }();
 
-         // Toggles the layer on and off
-         drawImproveOSM.enabled = function(val) {
-           if (!arguments.length) return _layerEnabled$1;
+         module.exports = toGeoJSON;
+       });
 
-           _layerEnabled$1 = val;
-           if (_layerEnabled$1) {
-             layerOn();
-           } else {
-             layerOff();
-             if (context.selectedErrorID()) {
-               context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
-             }
-           }
+       var _initialized = false;
+       var _enabled = false;
+
+       var _geojson;
 
+       function svgData(projection, context, dispatch) {
+         var throttledRedraw = throttle(function () {
            dispatch.call('change');
-           return this;
-         };
+         }, 1000);
 
-         drawImproveOSM.supported = () => !!getService();
+         var _showLabels = true;
+         var detected = utilDetect();
+         var layer = select(null);
 
-         return drawImproveOSM;
-       }
+         var _vtService;
 
-       let _layerEnabled$2 = false;
-       let _qaService$2;
+         var _fileList;
 
-       function svgOsmose(projection, context, dispatch) {
-         const throttledRedraw = throttle(() => dispatch.call('change'), 1000);
-         const minZoom = 12;
+         var _template;
 
-         let touchLayer = select(null);
-         let drawLayer = select(null);
-         let layerVisible = false;
+         var _src;
 
-         function markerPath(selection, klass) {
-           selection
-             .attr('class', klass)
-             .attr('transform', 'translate(-10, -28)')
-             .attr('points', '16,3 4,3 1,6 1,17 4,20 7,20 10,27 13,20 16,20 19,17.033 19,6');
+         function init() {
+           if (_initialized) return; // run once
+
+           _geojson = {};
+           _enabled = true;
+
+           function over(d3_event) {
+             d3_event.stopPropagation();
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             d3_event.dataTransfer.dropEffect = 'copy';
+           }
+
+           context.container().attr('dropzone', 'copy').on('drop.svgData', function (d3_event) {
+             d3_event.stopPropagation();
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             if (!detected.filedrop) return;
+             drawData.fileList(d3_event.dataTransfer.files);
+           }).on('dragenter.svgData', over).on('dragexit.svgData', over).on('dragover.svgData', over);
+           _initialized = true;
          }
 
-         // Loosely-coupled osmose service for fetching issues
          function getService() {
-           if (services.osmose && !_qaService$2) {
-             _qaService$2 = services.osmose;
-             _qaService$2.on('loaded', throttledRedraw);
-           } else if (!services.osmose && _qaService$2) {
-             _qaService$2 = null;
+           if (services.vectorTile && !_vtService) {
+             _vtService = services.vectorTile;
+
+             _vtService.event.on('loadedData', throttledRedraw);
+           } else if (!services.vectorTile && _vtService) {
+             _vtService = null;
            }
 
-           return _qaService$2;
+           return _vtService;
          }
 
-         // Show the markers
-         function editOn() {
-           if (!layerVisible) {
-             layerVisible = true;
-             drawLayer
-               .style('display', 'block');
-           }
+         function showLayer() {
+           layerOn();
+           layer.style('opacity', 0).transition().duration(250).style('opacity', 1).on('end', function () {
+             dispatch.call('change');
+           });
          }
 
-         // Immediately remove the markers and their touch targets
-         function editOff() {
-           if (layerVisible) {
-             layerVisible = false;
-             drawLayer
-               .style('display', 'none');
-             drawLayer.selectAll('.qaItem.osmose')
-               .remove();
-             touchLayer.selectAll('.qaItem.osmose')
-               .remove();
-           }
+         function hideLayer() {
+           throttledRedraw.cancel();
+           layer.transition().duration(250).style('opacity', 0).on('end', layerOff);
          }
 
-         // Enable the layer.  This shows the markers and transitions them to visible.
          function layerOn() {
-           editOn();
-
-           drawLayer
-             .style('opacity', 0)
-             .transition()
-             .duration(250)
-             .style('opacity', 1)
-             .on('end interrupt', () => dispatch.call('change'));
+           layer.style('display', 'block');
          }
 
-         // Disable the layer.  This transitions the layer invisible and then hides the markers.
          function layerOff() {
-           throttledRedraw.cancel();
-           drawLayer.interrupt();
-           touchLayer.selectAll('.qaItem.osmose')
-             .remove();
-
-           drawLayer
-             .transition()
-             .duration(250)
-             .style('opacity', 0)
-             .on('end interrupt', () => {
-               editOff();
-               dispatch.call('change');
-             });
-         }
-
-         // Update the issue markers
-         function updateMarkers() {
-           if (!layerVisible || !_layerEnabled$2) return;
+           layer.selectAll('.viewfield-group').remove();
+           layer.style('display', 'none');
+         } // ensure that all geojson features in a collection have IDs
 
-           const service = getService();
-           const selectedID = context.selectedErrorID();
-           const data = (service ? service.getItems(projection) : []);
-           const getTransform = svgPointTransform(projection);
 
-           // Draw markers..
-           const markers = drawLayer.selectAll('.qaItem.osmose')
-             .data(data, d => d.id);
+         function ensureIDs(gj) {
+           if (!gj) return null;
 
-           // exit
-           markers.exit()
-             .remove();
+           if (gj.type === 'FeatureCollection') {
+             for (var i = 0; i < gj.features.length; i++) {
+               ensureFeatureID(gj.features[i]);
+             }
+           } else {
+             ensureFeatureID(gj);
+           }
 
-           // enter
-           const markersEnter = markers.enter()
-             .append('g')
-               .attr('class', d => `qaItem ${d.service} itemId-${d.id} itemType-${d.itemType}`);
-
-           markersEnter
-             .append('polygon')
-               .call(markerPath, 'shadow');
-
-           markersEnter
-             .append('ellipse')
-               .attr('cx', 0)
-               .attr('cy', 0)
-               .attr('rx', 4.5)
-               .attr('ry', 2)
-               .attr('class', 'stroke');
-
-           markersEnter
-             .append('polygon')
-               .attr('fill', d => service.getColor(d.item))
-               .call(markerPath, 'qaItem-fill');
-
-           markersEnter
-             .append('use')
-               .attr('transform', 'translate(-6.5, -23)')
-               .attr('class', 'icon-annotation')
-               .attr('width', '13px')
-               .attr('height', '13px')
-               .attr('xlink:href', d => {
-                 const picon = d.icon;
-
-                 if (!picon) {
-                   return '';
-                 } else {
-                   const isMaki = /^maki-/.test(picon);
-                   return `#${picon}${isMaki ? '-11' : ''}`;
-                 }
-               });
+           return gj;
+         } // ensure that each single Feature object has a unique ID
 
-           // update
-           markers
-             .merge(markersEnter)
-             .sort(sortY)
-               .classed('selected', d => d.id === selectedID)
-               .attr('transform', getTransform);
 
-           // Draw targets..
-           if (touchLayer.empty()) return;
-           const fillClass = context.getDebug('target') ? 'pink' : 'nocolor';
-
-           const targets = touchLayer.selectAll('.qaItem.osmose')
-             .data(data, d => d.id);
-
-           // exit
-           targets.exit()
-             .remove();
-
-           // enter/update
-           targets.enter()
-             .append('rect')
-               .attr('width', '20px')
-               .attr('height', '30px')
-               .attr('x', '-10px')
-               .attr('y', '-28px')
-             .merge(targets)
-             .sort(sortY)
-               .attr('class', d => `qaItem ${d.service} target ${fillClass} itemId-${d.id}`)
-               .attr('transform', getTransform);
+         function ensureFeatureID(feature) {
+           if (!feature) return;
+           feature.__featurehash__ = utilHashcode(fastJsonStableStringify(feature));
+           return feature;
+         } // Prefer an array of Features instead of a FeatureCollection
 
-           function sortY(a, b) {
-             return (a.id === selectedID) ? 1
-               : (b.id === selectedID) ? -1
-               : b.loc[1] - a.loc[1];
-           }
-         }
 
-         // Draw the Osmose layer and schedule loading issues and updating markers.
-         function drawOsmose(selection) {
-           const service = getService();
+         function getFeatures(gj) {
+           if (!gj) return [];
 
-           const surface = context.surface();
-           if (surface && !surface.empty()) {
-             touchLayer = surface.selectAll('.data-layer.touch .layer-touch.markers');
+           if (gj.type === 'FeatureCollection') {
+             return gj.features;
+           } else {
+             return [gj];
            }
+         }
 
-           drawLayer = selection.selectAll('.layer-osmose')
-             .data(service ? [0] : []);
+         function featureKey(d) {
+           return d.__featurehash__;
+         }
 
-           drawLayer.exit()
-             .remove();
+         function isPolygon(d) {
+           return d.geometry.type === 'Polygon' || d.geometry.type === 'MultiPolygon';
+         }
 
-           drawLayer = drawLayer.enter()
-             .append('g')
-               .attr('class', 'layer-osmose')
-               .style('display', _layerEnabled$2 ? 'block' : 'none')
-             .merge(drawLayer);
+         function clipPathID(d) {
+           return 'ideditor-data-' + d.__featurehash__ + '-clippath';
+         }
 
-           if (_layerEnabled$2) {
-             if (service && ~~context.map().zoom() >= minZoom) {
-               editOn();
-               service.loadIssues(projection);
-               updateMarkers();
-             } else {
-               editOff();
-             }
-           }
+         function featureClasses(d) {
+           return ['data' + d.__featurehash__, d.geometry.type, isPolygon(d) ? 'area' : '', d.__layerID__ || ''].filter(Boolean).join(' ');
          }
 
-         // Toggles the layer on and off
-         drawOsmose.enabled = function(val) {
-           if (!arguments.length) return _layerEnabled$2;
+         function drawData(selection) {
+           var vtService = getService();
+           var getPath = svgPath(projection).geojson;
+           var getAreaPath = svgPath(projection, null, true).geojson;
+           var hasData = drawData.hasData();
+           layer = selection.selectAll('.layer-mapdata').data(_enabled && hasData ? [0] : []);
+           layer.exit().remove();
+           layer = layer.enter().append('g').attr('class', 'layer-mapdata').merge(layer);
+           var surface = context.surface();
+           if (!surface || surface.empty()) return; // not ready to draw yet, starting up
+           // Gather data
 
-           _layerEnabled$2 = val;
-           if (_layerEnabled$2) {
-             // Strings supplied by Osmose fetched before showing layer for first time
-             // NOTE: Currently no way to change locale in iD at runtime, would need to re-call this method if that's ever implemented
-             // Also, If layer is toggled quickly multiple requests are sent
-             getService().loadStrings()
-               .then(layerOn)
-               .catch(err => {
-                 console.log(err); // eslint-disable-line no-console
-               });
+           var geoData, polygonData;
+
+           if (_template && vtService) {
+             // fetch data from vector tile service
+             var sourceID = _template;
+             vtService.loadTiles(sourceID, _template, projection);
+             geoData = vtService.data(sourceID, projection);
            } else {
-             layerOff();
-             if (context.selectedErrorID()) {
-               context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
-             }
+             geoData = getFeatures(_geojson);
+           }
+
+           geoData = geoData.filter(getPath);
+           polygonData = geoData.filter(isPolygon); // Draw clip paths for polygons
+
+           var clipPaths = surface.selectAll('defs').selectAll('.clipPath-data').data(polygonData, featureKey);
+           clipPaths.exit().remove();
+           var clipPathsEnter = clipPaths.enter().append('clipPath').attr('class', 'clipPath-data').attr('id', clipPathID);
+           clipPathsEnter.append('path');
+           clipPaths.merge(clipPathsEnter).selectAll('path').attr('d', getAreaPath); // Draw fill, shadow, stroke layers
+
+           var datagroups = layer.selectAll('g.datagroup').data(['fill', 'shadow', 'stroke']);
+           datagroups = datagroups.enter().append('g').attr('class', function (d) {
+             return 'datagroup datagroup-' + d;
+           }).merge(datagroups); // Draw paths
+
+           var pathData = {
+             fill: polygonData,
+             shadow: geoData,
+             stroke: geoData
+           };
+           var paths = datagroups.selectAll('path').data(function (layer) {
+             return pathData[layer];
+           }, featureKey); // exit
+
+           paths.exit().remove(); // enter/update
+
+           paths = paths.enter().append('path').attr('class', function (d) {
+             var datagroup = this.parentNode.__data__;
+             return 'pathdata ' + datagroup + ' ' + featureClasses(d);
+           }).attr('clip-path', function (d) {
+             var datagroup = this.parentNode.__data__;
+             return datagroup === 'fill' ? 'url(#' + clipPathID(d) + ')' : null;
+           }).merge(paths).attr('d', function (d) {
+             var datagroup = this.parentNode.__data__;
+             return datagroup === 'fill' ? getAreaPath(d) : getPath(d);
+           }); // Draw labels
+
+           layer.call(drawLabels, 'label-halo', geoData).call(drawLabels, 'label', geoData);
+
+           function drawLabels(selection, textClass, data) {
+             var labelPath = d3_geoPath(projection);
+             var labelData = data.filter(function (d) {
+               return _showLabels && d.properties && (d.properties.desc || d.properties.name);
+             });
+             var labels = selection.selectAll('text.' + textClass).data(labelData, featureKey); // exit
+
+             labels.exit().remove(); // enter/update
+
+             labels = labels.enter().append('text').attr('class', function (d) {
+               return textClass + ' ' + featureClasses(d);
+             }).merge(labels).text(function (d) {
+               return d.properties.desc || d.properties.name;
+             }).attr('x', function (d) {
+               var centroid = labelPath.centroid(d);
+               return centroid[0] + 11;
+             }).attr('y', function (d) {
+               var centroid = labelPath.centroid(d);
+               return centroid[1];
+             });
            }
+         }
 
-           dispatch.call('change');
-           return this;
-         };
+         function getExtension(fileName) {
+           if (!fileName) return;
+           var re = /\.(gpx|kml|(geo)?json)$/i;
+           var match = fileName.toLowerCase().match(re);
+           return match && match.length && match[0];
+         }
 
-         drawOsmose.supported = () => !!getService();
+         function xmlToDom(textdata) {
+           return new DOMParser().parseFromString(textdata, 'text/xml');
+         }
 
-         return drawOsmose;
-       }
+         drawData.setFile = function (extension, data) {
+           _template = null;
+           _fileList = null;
+           _geojson = null;
+           _src = null;
+           var gj;
 
-       function svgStreetside(projection, context, dispatch) {
-           var throttledRedraw = throttle(function () { dispatch.call('change'); }, 1000);
-           var minZoom = 14;
-           var minMarkerZoom = 16;
-           var minViewfieldZoom = 18;
-           var layer = select(null);
-           var _viewerYaw = 0;
-           var _selectedSequence = null;
-           var _streetside;
+           switch (extension) {
+             case '.gpx':
+               gj = togeojson.gpx(xmlToDom(data));
+               break;
 
-           /**
-            * init().
-            */
-           function init() {
-               if (svgStreetside.initialized) return;  // run once
-               svgStreetside.enabled = false;
-               svgStreetside.initialized = true;
+             case '.kml':
+               gj = togeojson.kml(xmlToDom(data));
+               break;
+
+             case '.geojson':
+             case '.json':
+               gj = JSON.parse(data);
+               break;
            }
 
-           /**
-            * getService().
-            */
-           function getService() {
-               if (services.streetside && !_streetside) {
-                   _streetside = services.streetside;
-                   _streetside.event
-                       .on('viewerChanged.svgStreetside', viewerChanged)
-                       .on('loadedBubbles.svgStreetside', throttledRedraw);
-               } else if (!services.streetside && _streetside) {
-                   _streetside = null;
-               }
+           gj = gj || {};
 
-               return _streetside;
+           if (Object.keys(gj).length) {
+             _geojson = ensureIDs(gj);
+             _src = extension + ' data file';
+             this.fitZoom();
            }
 
-           /**
-            * showLayer().
-            */
-           function showLayer() {
-               var service = getService();
-               if (!service) return;
-
-               editOn();
+           dispatch.call('change');
+           return this;
+         };
 
-               layer
-                   .style('opacity', 0)
-                   .transition()
-                   .duration(250)
-                   .style('opacity', 1)
-                   .on('end', function () { dispatch.call('change'); });
-           }
+         drawData.showLabels = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _showLabels;
+           _showLabels = val;
+           return this;
+         };
 
-           /**
-            * hideLayer().
-            */
-           function hideLayer() {
-               throttledRedraw.cancel();
+         drawData.enabled = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _enabled;
+           _enabled = val;
 
-               layer
-                   .transition()
-                   .duration(250)
-                   .style('opacity', 0)
-                   .on('end', editOff);
+           if (_enabled) {
+             showLayer();
+           } else {
+             hideLayer();
            }
 
-           /**
-            * editOn().
-            */
-           function editOn() {
-               layer.style('display', 'block');
-           }
+           dispatch.call('change');
+           return this;
+         };
 
-           /**
-            * editOff().
-            */
-           function editOff() {
-               layer.selectAll('.viewfield-group').remove();
-               layer.style('display', 'none');
-           }
+         drawData.hasData = function () {
+           var gj = _geojson || {};
+           return !!(_template || Object.keys(gj).length);
+         };
 
-           /**
-            * click() Handles 'bubble' point click event.
-            */
-           function click(d) {
-               var service = getService();
-               if (!service) return;
+         drawData.template = function (val, src) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _template; // test source against OSM imagery blocklists..
 
-               // try to preserve the viewer rotation when staying on the same sequence
-               if (d.sequenceKey !== _selectedSequence) {
-                   _viewerYaw = 0;  // reset
-               }
-               _selectedSequence = d.sequenceKey;
+           var osm = context.connection();
 
-               service
-                   .selectImage(context, d)
-                   .then(response => {
-                       if (response.status === 'ok'){
-                           service.showViewer(context, _viewerYaw);
-                       }
-                   });
+           if (osm) {
+             var blocklists = osm.imageryBlocklists();
+             var fail = false;
+             var tested = 0;
+             var regex;
 
+             for (var i = 0; i < blocklists.length; i++) {
+               regex = blocklists[i];
+               fail = regex.test(val);
+               tested++;
+               if (fail) break;
+             } // ensure at least one test was run.
 
-               context.map().centerEase(d.loc);
-           }
 
-           /**
-            * mouseover().
-            */
-           function mouseover(d) {
-               var service = getService();
-               if (service) service.setStyles(context, d);
+             if (!tested) {
+               regex = /.*\.google(apis)?\..*\/(vt|kh)[\?\/].*([xyz]=.*){3}.*/;
+               fail = regex.test(val);
+             }
            }
 
-           /**
-            * mouseout().
-            */
-           function mouseout() {
-               var service = getService();
-               if (service) service.setStyles(context, null);
-           }
+           _template = val;
+           _fileList = null;
+           _geojson = null; // strip off the querystring/hash from the template,
+           // it often includes the access token
 
-           /**
-            * transform().
-            */
-           function transform(d) {
-               var t = svgPointTransform(projection)(d);
-               var rot = d.ca + _viewerYaw;
-               if (rot) {
-                   t += ' rotate(' + Math.floor(rot) + ',0,0)';
-               }
-               return t;
-           }
+           _src = src || 'vectortile:' + val.split(/[?#]/)[0];
+           dispatch.call('change');
+           return this;
+         };
 
+         drawData.geojson = function (gj, src) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _geojson;
+           _template = null;
+           _fileList = null;
+           _geojson = null;
+           _src = null;
+           gj = gj || {};
 
-           function viewerChanged() {
-               var service = getService();
-               if (!service) return;
+           if (Object.keys(gj).length) {
+             _geojson = ensureIDs(gj);
+             _src = src || 'unknown.geojson';
+           }
 
-               var viewer = service.viewer();
-               if (!viewer) return;
+           dispatch.call('change');
+           return this;
+         };
 
-               // update viewfield rotation
-               _viewerYaw = viewer.getYaw();
+         drawData.fileList = function (fileList) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _fileList;
+           _template = null;
+           _fileList = fileList;
+           _geojson = null;
+           _src = null;
+           if (!fileList || !fileList.length) return this;
+           var f = fileList[0];
+           var extension = getExtension(f.name);
+           var reader = new FileReader();
+
+           reader.onload = function () {
+             return function (e) {
+               drawData.setFile(extension, e.target.result);
+             };
+           }();
 
-               // avoid updating if the map is currently transformed
-               // e.g. during drags or easing.
-               if (context.map().isTransformed()) return;
+           reader.readAsText(f);
+           return this;
+         };
 
-               layer.selectAll('.viewfield-group.currentView')
-                   .attr('transform', transform);
-           }
+         drawData.url = function (url, defaultExtension) {
+           _template = null;
+           _fileList = null;
+           _geojson = null;
+           _src = null; // strip off any querystring/hash from the url before checking extension
 
+           var testUrl = url.split(/[?#]/)[0];
+           var extension = getExtension(testUrl) || defaultExtension;
 
-           context.photos().on('change.streetside', update);
+           if (extension) {
+             _template = null;
+             d3_text(url).then(function (data) {
+               drawData.setFile(extension, data);
+             })["catch"](function () {
+               /* ignore */
+             });
+           } else {
+             drawData.template(url);
+           }
 
-           /**
-            * update().
-            */
-           function update() {
-               var viewer = context.container().select('.photoviewer');
-               var selected = viewer.empty() ? undefined : viewer.datum();
-               var z = ~~context.map().zoom();
-               var showMarkers = (z >= minMarkerZoom);
-               var showViewfields = (z >= minViewfieldZoom);
-               var service = getService();
+           return this;
+         };
 
-               var sequences = [];
-               var bubbles = [];
+         drawData.getSrc = function () {
+           return _src || '';
+         };
 
-               if (context.photos().showsPanoramic()) {
-                   sequences = (service ? service.sequences(projection) : []);
-                   bubbles = (service && showMarkers ? service.bubbles(projection) : []);
-               }
+         drawData.fitZoom = function () {
+           var features = getFeatures(_geojson);
+           if (!features.length) return;
+           var map = context.map();
+           var viewport = map.trimmedExtent().polygon();
+           var coords = features.reduce(function (coords, feature) {
+             var geom = feature.geometry;
+             if (!geom) return coords;
+             var c = geom.coordinates;
+             /* eslint-disable no-fallthrough */
 
-               var traces = layer.selectAll('.sequences').selectAll('.sequence')
-                   .data(sequences, function(d) { return d.properties.key; });
+             switch (geom.type) {
+               case 'Point':
+                 c = [c];
 
-               // exit
-               traces.exit()
-                   .remove();
+               case 'MultiPoint':
+               case 'LineString':
+                 break;
 
-               // enter/update
-               traces = traces.enter()
-                   .append('path')
-                   .attr('class', 'sequence')
-                   .merge(traces)
-                   .attr('d', svgPath(projection).geojson);
+               case 'MultiPolygon':
+                 c = utilArrayFlatten(c);
 
+               case 'Polygon':
+               case 'MultiLineString':
+                 c = utilArrayFlatten(c);
+                 break;
+             }
+             /* eslint-enable no-fallthrough */
 
-               var groups = layer.selectAll('.markers').selectAll('.viewfield-group')
-                   .data(bubbles, function(d) {
-                       // force reenter once bubbles are attached to a sequence
-                       return d.key + (d.sequenceKey ? 'v1' : 'v0');
-                   });
 
-               // exit
-               groups.exit()
-                   .remove();
-
-               // enter
-               var groupsEnter = groups.enter()
-                   .append('g')
-                   .attr('class', 'viewfield-group')
-                   .on('mouseenter', mouseover)
-                   .on('mouseleave', mouseout)
-                   .on('click', click);
-
-               groupsEnter
-                   .append('g')
-                   .attr('class', 'viewfield-scale');
-
-               // update
-               var markers = groups
-                   .merge(groupsEnter)
-                   .sort(function(a, b) {
-                       return (a === selected) ? 1
-                           : (b === selected) ? -1
-                           : b.loc[1] - a.loc[1];
-                   })
-                   .attr('transform', transform)
-                   .select('.viewfield-scale');
-
-
-               markers.selectAll('circle')
-                   .data([0])
-                   .enter()
-                   .append('circle')
-                   .attr('dx', '0')
-                   .attr('dy', '0')
-                   .attr('r', '6');
-
-               var viewfields = markers.selectAll('.viewfield')
-                   .data(showViewfields ? [0] : []);
-
-               viewfields.exit()
-                   .remove();
-
-               // viewfields may or may not be drawn...
-               // but if they are, draw below the circles
-               viewfields.enter()
-                   .insert('path', 'circle')
-                   .attr('class', 'viewfield')
-                   .attr('transform', 'scale(1.5,1.5),translate(-8, -13)')
-                   .attr('d', viewfieldPath);
-
-               function viewfieldPath() {
-                   var d = this.parentNode.__data__;
-                   if (d.pano) {
-                       return 'M 8,13 m -10,0 a 10,10 0 1,0 20,0 a 10,10 0 1,0 -20,0';
-                   } else {
-                       return 'M 6,9 C 8,8.4 8,8.4 10,9 L 16,-2 C 12,-5 4,-5 0,-2 z';
-                   }
-               }
+             return utilArrayUnion(coords, c);
+           }, []);
 
+           if (!geoPolygonIntersectsPolygon(viewport, coords, true)) {
+             var extent = geoExtent(d3_geoBounds({
+               type: 'LineString',
+               coordinates: coords
+             }));
+             map.centerZoom(extent.center(), map.trimmedExtentZoom(extent));
            }
 
-           /**
-            * drawImages()
-            * drawImages is the method that is returned (and that runs) everytime 'svgStreetside()' is called.
-            * 'svgStreetside()' is called from index.js
-            */
-           function drawImages(selection) {
-               var enabled = svgStreetside.enabled;
-               var service = getService();
+           return this;
+         };
 
-               layer = selection.selectAll('.layer-streetside-images')
-                   .data(service ? [0] : []);
+         init();
+         return drawData;
+       }
 
-               layer.exit()
-                   .remove();
+       function svgDebug(projection, context) {
+         function drawDebug(selection) {
+           var showTile = context.getDebug('tile');
+           var showCollision = context.getDebug('collision');
+           var showImagery = context.getDebug('imagery');
+           var showTouchTargets = context.getDebug('target');
+           var showDownloaded = context.getDebug('downloaded');
+           var debugData = [];
 
-               var layerEnter = layer.enter()
-                   .append('g')
-                   .attr('class', 'layer-streetside-images')
-                   .style('display', enabled ? 'block' : 'none');
+           if (showTile) {
+             debugData.push({
+               "class": 'red',
+               label: 'tile'
+             });
+           }
 
-               layerEnter
-                   .append('g')
-                   .attr('class', 'sequences');
+           if (showCollision) {
+             debugData.push({
+               "class": 'yellow',
+               label: 'collision'
+             });
+           }
 
-               layerEnter
-                   .append('g')
-                   .attr('class', 'markers');
+           if (showImagery) {
+             debugData.push({
+               "class": 'orange',
+               label: 'imagery'
+             });
+           }
 
-               layer = layerEnter
-                   .merge(layer);
+           if (showTouchTargets) {
+             debugData.push({
+               "class": 'pink',
+               label: 'touchTargets'
+             });
+           }
 
-               if (enabled) {
-                   if (service && ~~context.map().zoom() >= minZoom) {
-                       editOn();
-                       update();
-                       service.loadBubbles(projection);
-                   } else {
-                       editOff();
-                   }
-               }
+           if (showDownloaded) {
+             debugData.push({
+               "class": 'purple',
+               label: 'downloaded'
+             });
            }
 
+           var legend = context.container().select('.main-content').selectAll('.debug-legend').data(debugData.length ? [0] : []);
+           legend.exit().remove();
+           legend = legend.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'fillD debug-legend').merge(legend);
+           var legendItems = legend.selectAll('.debug-legend-item').data(debugData, function (d) {
+             return d.label;
+           });
+           legendItems.exit().remove();
+           legendItems.enter().append('span').attr('class', function (d) {
+             return "debug-legend-item ".concat(d["class"]);
+           }).text(function (d) {
+             return d.label;
+           });
+           var layer = selection.selectAll('.layer-debug').data(showImagery || showDownloaded ? [0] : []);
+           layer.exit().remove();
+           layer = layer.enter().append('g').attr('class', 'layer-debug').merge(layer); // imagery
+
+           var extent = context.map().extent();
+           _mainFileFetcher.get('imagery').then(function (d) {
+             var hits = showImagery && d.query.bbox(extent.rectangle(), true) || [];
+             var features = hits.map(function (d) {
+               return d.features[d.id];
+             });
+             var imagery = layer.selectAll('path.debug-imagery').data(features);
+             imagery.exit().remove();
+             imagery.enter().append('path').attr('class', 'debug-imagery debug orange');
+           })["catch"](function () {
+             /* ignore */
+           }); // downloaded
 
-           /**
-            * drawImages.enabled().
-            */
-           drawImages.enabled = function(_) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return svgStreetside.enabled;
-               svgStreetside.enabled = _;
-               if (svgStreetside.enabled) {
-                   showLayer();
-               } else {
-                   hideLayer();
-               }
-               dispatch.call('change');
-               return this;
-           };
+           var osm = context.connection();
+           var dataDownloaded = [];
 
-           /**
-            * drawImages.supported().
-            */
-           drawImages.supported = function() {
-               return !!getService();
-           };
+           if (osm && showDownloaded) {
+             var rtree = osm.caches('get').tile.rtree;
+             dataDownloaded = rtree.all().map(function (bbox) {
+               return {
+                 type: 'Feature',
+                 properties: {
+                   id: bbox.id
+                 },
+                 geometry: {
+                   type: 'Polygon',
+                   coordinates: [[[bbox.minX, bbox.minY], [bbox.minX, bbox.maxY], [bbox.maxX, bbox.maxY], [bbox.maxX, bbox.minY], [bbox.minX, bbox.minY]]]
+                 }
+               };
+             });
+           }
 
-           init();
+           var downloaded = layer.selectAll('path.debug-downloaded').data(showDownloaded ? dataDownloaded : []);
+           downloaded.exit().remove();
+           downloaded.enter().append('path').attr('class', 'debug-downloaded debug purple'); // update
 
-           return drawImages;
-       }
+           layer.selectAll('path').attr('d', svgPath(projection).geojson);
+         } // This looks strange because `enabled` methods on other layers are
+         // chainable getter/setters, and this one is just a getter.
 
-       function svgMapillaryImages(projection, context, dispatch) {
-           var throttledRedraw = throttle(function () { dispatch.call('change'); }, 1000);
-           var minZoom = 12;
-           var minMarkerZoom = 16;
-           var minViewfieldZoom = 18;
-           var layer = select(null);
-           var _mapillary;
-           var viewerCompassAngle;
-
-
-           function init() {
-               if (svgMapillaryImages.initialized) return;  // run once
-               svgMapillaryImages.enabled = false;
-               svgMapillaryImages.initialized = true;
-           }
-
-
-           function getService() {
-               if (services.mapillary && !_mapillary) {
-                   _mapillary = services.mapillary;
-                   _mapillary.event.on('loadedImages', throttledRedraw);
-                   _mapillary.event.on('bearingChanged', function(e) {
-                       viewerCompassAngle = e;
-
-                       // avoid updating if the map is currently transformed
-                       // e.g. during drags or easing.
-                       if (context.map().isTransformed()) return;
-
-                       layer.selectAll('.viewfield-group.currentView')
-                           .filter(function(d) {
-                               return d.pano;
-                           })
-                           .attr('transform', transform);
-                   });
-               } else if (!services.mapillary && _mapillary) {
-                   _mapillary = null;
-               }
 
-               return _mapillary;
+         drawDebug.enabled = function () {
+           if (!arguments.length) {
+             return context.getDebug('tile') || context.getDebug('collision') || context.getDebug('imagery') || context.getDebug('target') || context.getDebug('downloaded');
+           } else {
+             return this;
            }
+         };
 
+         return drawDebug;
+       }
 
-           function showLayer() {
-               var service = getService();
-               if (!service) return;
+       /*
+           A standalone SVG element that contains only a `defs` sub-element. To be
+           used once globally, since defs IDs must be unique within a document.
+       */
 
-               editOn();
+       function svgDefs(context) {
+         var _defsSelection = select(null);
 
-               layer
-                   .style('opacity', 0)
-                   .transition()
-                   .duration(250)
-                   .style('opacity', 1)
-                   .on('end', function () { dispatch.call('change'); });
-           }
+         var _spritesheetIds = ['iD-sprite', 'maki-sprite', 'temaki-sprite', 'fa-sprite', 'community-sprite'];
 
+         function drawDefs(selection) {
+           _defsSelection = selection.append('defs'); // add markers
 
-           function hideLayer() {
-               throttledRedraw.cancel();
+           _defsSelection.append('marker').attr('id', 'ideditor-oneway-marker').attr('viewBox', '0 0 10 5').attr('refX', 2.5).attr('refY', 2.5).attr('markerWidth', 2).attr('markerHeight', 2).attr('markerUnits', 'strokeWidth').attr('orient', 'auto').append('path').attr('class', 'oneway-marker-path').attr('d', 'M 5,3 L 0,3 L 0,2 L 5,2 L 5,0 L 10,2.5 L 5,5 z').attr('stroke', 'none').attr('fill', '#000').attr('opacity', '0.75'); // SVG markers have to be given a colour where they're defined
+           // (they can't inherit it from the line they're attached to),
+           // so we need to manually define markers for each color of tag
+           // (also, it's slightly nicer if we can control the
+           // positioning for different tags)
 
-               layer
-                   .transition()
-                   .duration(250)
-                   .style('opacity', 0)
-                   .on('end', editOff);
+
+           function addSidedMarker(name, color, offset) {
+             _defsSelection.append('marker').attr('id', 'ideditor-sided-marker-' + name).attr('viewBox', '0 0 2 2').attr('refX', 1).attr('refY', -offset).attr('markerWidth', 1.5).attr('markerHeight', 1.5).attr('markerUnits', 'strokeWidth').attr('orient', 'auto').append('path').attr('class', 'sided-marker-path sided-marker-' + name + '-path').attr('d', 'M 0,0 L 1,1 L 2,0 z').attr('stroke', 'none').attr('fill', color);
            }
 
+           addSidedMarker('natural', 'rgb(170, 170, 170)', 0); // for a coastline, the arrows are (somewhat unintuitively) on
+           // the water side, so let's color them blue (with a gap) to
+           // give a stronger indication
 
-           function editOn() {
-               layer.style('display', 'block');
-           }
+           addSidedMarker('coastline', '#77dede', 1);
+           addSidedMarker('waterway', '#77dede', 1); // barriers have a dashed line, and separating the triangle
+           // from the line visually suits that
 
+           addSidedMarker('barrier', '#ddd', 1);
+           addSidedMarker('man_made', '#fff', 0);
 
-           function editOff() {
-               layer.selectAll('.viewfield-group').remove();
-               layer.style('display', 'none');
-           }
+           _defsSelection.append('marker').attr('id', 'ideditor-viewfield-marker').attr('viewBox', '0 0 16 16').attr('refX', 8).attr('refY', 16).attr('markerWidth', 4).attr('markerHeight', 4).attr('markerUnits', 'strokeWidth').attr('orient', 'auto').append('path').attr('class', 'viewfield-marker-path').attr('d', 'M 6,14 C 8,13.4 8,13.4 10,14 L 16,3 C 12,0 4,0 0,3 z').attr('fill', '#333').attr('fill-opacity', '0.75').attr('stroke', '#fff').attr('stroke-width', '0.5px').attr('stroke-opacity', '0.75');
 
+           _defsSelection.append('marker').attr('id', 'ideditor-viewfield-marker-wireframe').attr('viewBox', '0 0 16 16').attr('refX', 8).attr('refY', 16).attr('markerWidth', 4).attr('markerHeight', 4).attr('markerUnits', 'strokeWidth').attr('orient', 'auto').append('path').attr('class', 'viewfield-marker-path').attr('d', 'M 6,14 C 8,13.4 8,13.4 10,14 L 16,3 C 12,0 4,0 0,3 z').attr('fill', 'none').attr('stroke', '#fff').attr('stroke-width', '0.5px').attr('stroke-opacity', '0.75'); // add patterns
 
-           function click(d) {
-               var service = getService();
-               if (!service) return;
 
-               service
-                   .selectImage(context, d.key)
-                   .updateViewer(context, d.key)
-                   .showViewer(context);
+           var patterns = _defsSelection.selectAll('pattern').data([// pattern name, pattern image name
+           ['beach', 'dots'], ['construction', 'construction'], ['cemetery', 'cemetery'], ['cemetery_christian', 'cemetery_christian'], ['cemetery_buddhist', 'cemetery_buddhist'], ['cemetery_muslim', 'cemetery_muslim'], ['cemetery_jewish', 'cemetery_jewish'], ['farmland', 'farmland'], ['farmyard', 'farmyard'], ['forest', 'forest'], ['forest_broadleaved', 'forest_broadleaved'], ['forest_needleleaved', 'forest_needleleaved'], ['forest_leafless', 'forest_leafless'], ['golf_green', 'grass'], ['grass', 'grass'], ['landfill', 'landfill'], ['meadow', 'grass'], ['orchard', 'orchard'], ['pond', 'pond'], ['quarry', 'quarry'], ['scrub', 'bushes'], ['vineyard', 'vineyard'], ['water_standing', 'lines'], ['waves', 'waves'], ['wetland', 'wetland'], ['wetland_marsh', 'wetland_marsh'], ['wetland_swamp', 'wetland_swamp'], ['wetland_bog', 'wetland_bog'], ['wetland_reedbed', 'wetland_reedbed']]).enter().append('pattern').attr('id', function (d) {
+             return 'ideditor-pattern-' + d[0];
+           }).attr('width', 32).attr('height', 32).attr('patternUnits', 'userSpaceOnUse');
 
-               context.map().centerEase(d.loc);
-           }
+           patterns.append('rect').attr('x', 0).attr('y', 0).attr('width', 32).attr('height', 32).attr('class', function (d) {
+             return 'pattern-color-' + d[0];
+           });
+           patterns.append('image').attr('x', 0).attr('y', 0).attr('width', 32).attr('height', 32).attr('xlink:href', function (d) {
+             return context.imagePath('pattern/' + d[1] + '.png');
+           }); // add clip paths
 
+           _defsSelection.selectAll('clipPath').data([12, 18, 20, 32, 45]).enter().append('clipPath').attr('id', function (d) {
+             return 'ideditor-clip-square-' + d;
+           }).append('rect').attr('x', 0).attr('y', 0).attr('width', function (d) {
+             return d;
+           }).attr('height', function (d) {
+             return d;
+           }); // add symbol spritesheets
 
-           function mouseover(d) {
-               var service = getService();
-               if (service) service.setStyles(context, d);
-           }
 
+           addSprites(_spritesheetIds, true);
+         }
 
-           function mouseout() {
-               var service = getService();
-               if (service) service.setStyles(context, null);
-           }
+         function addSprites(ids, overrideColors) {
+           _spritesheetIds = utilArrayUniq(_spritesheetIds.concat(ids));
 
+           var spritesheets = _defsSelection.selectAll('.spritesheet').data(_spritesheetIds);
 
-           function transform(d) {
-               var t = svgPointTransform(projection)(d);
-               if (d.pano && viewerCompassAngle !== null && isFinite(viewerCompassAngle)) {
-                   t += ' rotate(' + Math.floor(viewerCompassAngle) + ',0,0)';
-               } else if (d.ca) {
-                   t += ' rotate(' + Math.floor(d.ca) + ',0,0)';
+           spritesheets.enter().append('g').attr('class', function (d) {
+             return 'spritesheet spritesheet-' + d;
+           }).each(function (d) {
+             var url = context.imagePath(d + '.svg');
+             var node = select(this).node();
+             svg(url).then(function (svg) {
+               node.appendChild(select(svg.documentElement).attr('id', 'ideditor-' + d).node());
+
+               if (overrideColors && d !== 'iD-sprite') {
+                 // allow icon colors to be overridden..
+                 select(node).selectAll('path').attr('fill', 'currentColor');
                }
-               return t;
-           }
+             })["catch"](function () {
+               /* ignore */
+             });
+           });
+           spritesheets.exit().remove();
+         }
 
-           context.photos().on('change.mapillary_images', update);
+         drawDefs.addSprites = addSprites;
+         return drawDefs;
+       }
 
-           function filterImages(images) {
-               var showsPano = context.photos().showsPanoramic();
-               var showsFlat = context.photos().showsFlat();
-               if (!showsPano || !showsFlat) {
-                   images = images.filter(function(image) {
-                       if (image.pano) return showsPano;
-                       return showsFlat;
-                   });
-               }
-               return images;
-           }
+       var _layerEnabled$2 = false;
 
-           function filterSequences(sequences, service) {
-               var showsPano = context.photos().showsPanoramic();
-               var showsFlat = context.photos().showsFlat();
-               if (!showsPano || !showsFlat) {
-                   sequences = sequences.filter(function(sequence) {
-                       if (sequence.properties.hasOwnProperty('pano')) {
-                           if (sequence.properties.pano) return showsPano;
-                           return showsFlat;
-                       } else {
-                           // if the sequence doesn't specify pano or not, search its images
-                           var cProps = sequence.properties.coordinateProperties;
-                           if (cProps && cProps.image_keys && cProps.image_keys.length > 0) {
-                               for (var index in cProps.image_keys) {
-                                   var imageKey = cProps.image_keys[index];
-                                   var image = service.cachedImage(imageKey);
-                                   if (image && image.hasOwnProperty('pano')) {
-                                       if (image.pano) return showsPano;
-                                       return showsFlat;
-                                   }
-                               }
-                           }
-                       }
-                   });
-               }
-               return sequences;
-           }
+       var _qaService$2;
 
-           function update() {
+       function svgKeepRight(projection, context, dispatch) {
+         var throttledRedraw = throttle(function () {
+           return dispatch.call('change');
+         }, 1000);
 
-               var z = ~~context.map().zoom();
-               var showMarkers = (z >= minMarkerZoom);
-               var showViewfields = (z >= minViewfieldZoom);
-
-               var service = getService();
-               var selectedKey = service && service.getSelectedImageKey();
-               var sequences = (service ? service.sequences(projection) : []);
-               var images = (service && showMarkers ? service.images(projection) : []);
-
-               images = filterImages(images);
-               sequences = filterSequences(sequences, service);
-
-               var traces = layer.selectAll('.sequences').selectAll('.sequence')
-                   .data(sequences, function(d) { return d.properties.key; });
-
-               // exit
-               traces.exit()
-                   .remove();
-
-               // enter/update
-               traces = traces.enter()
-                   .append('path')
-                   .attr('class', 'sequence')
-                   .merge(traces)
-                   .attr('d', svgPath(projection).geojson);
-
-
-               var groups = layer.selectAll('.markers').selectAll('.viewfield-group')
-                   .data(images, function(d) { return d.key; });
-
-               // exit
-               groups.exit()
-                   .remove();
-
-               // enter
-               var groupsEnter = groups.enter()
-                   .append('g')
-                   .attr('class', 'viewfield-group')
-                   .on('mouseenter', mouseover)
-                   .on('mouseleave', mouseout)
-                   .on('click', click);
-
-               groupsEnter
-                   .append('g')
-                   .attr('class', 'viewfield-scale');
-
-               // update
-               var markers = groups
-                   .merge(groupsEnter)
-                   .sort(function(a, b) {
-                       return (a.key === selectedKey) ? 1
-                           : (b.key === selectedKey) ? -1
-                           : b.loc[1] - a.loc[1];  // sort Y
-                   })
-                   .attr('transform', transform)
-                   .select('.viewfield-scale');
-
-
-               markers.selectAll('circle')
-                   .data([0])
-                   .enter()
-                   .append('circle')
-                   .attr('dx', '0')
-                   .attr('dy', '0')
-                   .attr('r', '6');
-
-               var viewfields = markers.selectAll('.viewfield')
-                   .data(showViewfields ? [0] : []);
-
-               viewfields.exit()
-                   .remove();
-
-               viewfields.enter()               // viewfields may or may not be drawn...
-                   .insert('path', 'circle')    // but if they are, draw below the circles
-                   .attr('class', 'viewfield')
-                   .classed('pano', function() { return this.parentNode.__data__.pano; })
-                   .attr('transform', 'scale(1.5,1.5),translate(-8, -13)')
-                   .attr('d', viewfieldPath);
-
-               function viewfieldPath() {
-                   var d = this.parentNode.__data__;
-                   if (d.pano) {
-                       return 'M 8,13 m -10,0 a 10,10 0 1,0 20,0 a 10,10 0 1,0 -20,0';
-                   } else {
-                       return 'M 6,9 C 8,8.4 8,8.4 10,9 L 16,-2 C 12,-5 4,-5 0,-2 z';
-                   }
-               }
-           }
+         var minZoom = 12;
+         var touchLayer = select(null);
+         var drawLayer = select(null);
+         var layerVisible = false;
 
+         function markerPath(selection, klass) {
+           selection.attr('class', klass).attr('transform', 'translate(-4, -24)').attr('d', 'M11.6,6.2H7.1l1.4-5.1C8.6,0.6,8.1,0,7.5,0H2.2C1.7,0,1.3,0.3,1.3,0.8L0,10.2c-0.1,0.6,0.4,1.1,0.9,1.1h4.6l-1.8,7.6C3.6,19.4,4.1,20,4.7,20c0.3,0,0.6-0.2,0.8-0.5l6.9-11.9C12.7,7,12.3,6.2,11.6,6.2z');
+         } // Loosely-coupled keepRight service for fetching issues.
 
-           function drawImages(selection) {
-               var enabled = svgMapillaryImages.enabled;
-               var service = getService();
 
-               layer = selection.selectAll('.layer-mapillary')
-                   .data(service ? [0] : []);
+         function getService() {
+           if (services.keepRight && !_qaService$2) {
+             _qaService$2 = services.keepRight;
 
-               layer.exit()
-                   .remove();
+             _qaService$2.on('loaded', throttledRedraw);
+           } else if (!services.keepRight && _qaService$2) {
+             _qaService$2 = null;
+           }
 
-               var layerEnter = layer.enter()
-                   .append('g')
-                   .attr('class', 'layer-mapillary')
-                   .style('display', enabled ? 'block' : 'none');
+           return _qaService$2;
+         } // Show the markers
 
-               layerEnter
-                   .append('g')
-                   .attr('class', 'sequences');
 
-               layerEnter
-                   .append('g')
-                   .attr('class', 'markers');
+         function editOn() {
+           if (!layerVisible) {
+             layerVisible = true;
+             drawLayer.style('display', 'block');
+           }
+         } // Immediately remove the markers and their touch targets
 
-               layer = layerEnter
-                   .merge(layer);
 
-               if (enabled) {
-                   if (service && ~~context.map().zoom() >= minZoom) {
-                       editOn();
-                       update();
-                       service.loadImages(projection);
-                   } else {
-                       editOff();
-                   }
-               }
+         function editOff() {
+           if (layerVisible) {
+             layerVisible = false;
+             drawLayer.style('display', 'none');
+             drawLayer.selectAll('.qaItem.keepRight').remove();
+             touchLayer.selectAll('.qaItem.keepRight').remove();
            }
+         } // Enable the layer.  This shows the markers and transitions them to visible.
 
 
-           drawImages.enabled = function(_) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return svgMapillaryImages.enabled;
-               svgMapillaryImages.enabled = _;
-               if (svgMapillaryImages.enabled) {
-                   showLayer();
-               } else {
-                   hideLayer();
-               }
-               dispatch.call('change');
-               return this;
-           };
+         function layerOn() {
+           editOn();
+           drawLayer.style('opacity', 0).transition().duration(250).style('opacity', 1).on('end interrupt', function () {
+             return dispatch.call('change');
+           });
+         } // Disable the layer.  This transitions the layer invisible and then hides the markers.
 
 
-           drawImages.supported = function() {
-               return !!getService();
-           };
+         function layerOff() {
+           throttledRedraw.cancel();
+           drawLayer.interrupt();
+           touchLayer.selectAll('.qaItem.keepRight').remove();
+           drawLayer.transition().duration(250).style('opacity', 0).on('end interrupt', function () {
+             editOff();
+             dispatch.call('change');
+           });
+         } // Update the issue markers
 
 
-           init();
-           return drawImages;
-       }
+         function updateMarkers() {
+           if (!layerVisible || !_layerEnabled$2) return;
+           var service = getService();
+           var selectedID = context.selectedErrorID();
+           var data = service ? service.getItems(projection) : [];
+           var getTransform = svgPointTransform(projection); // Draw markers..
 
-       function svgMapillarySigns(projection, context, dispatch) {
-           var throttledRedraw = throttle(function () { dispatch.call('change'); }, 1000);
-           var minZoom = 12;
-           var layer = select(null);
-           var _mapillary;
+           var markers = drawLayer.selectAll('.qaItem.keepRight').data(data, function (d) {
+             return d.id;
+           }); // exit
 
+           markers.exit().remove(); // enter
 
-           function init() {
-               if (svgMapillarySigns.initialized) return;  // run once
-               svgMapillarySigns.enabled = false;
-               svgMapillarySigns.initialized = true;
-           }
+           var markersEnter = markers.enter().append('g').attr('class', function (d) {
+             return "qaItem ".concat(d.service, " itemId-").concat(d.id, " itemType-").concat(d.parentIssueType);
+           });
+           markersEnter.append('ellipse').attr('cx', 0.5).attr('cy', 1).attr('rx', 6.5).attr('ry', 3).attr('class', 'stroke');
+           markersEnter.append('path').call(markerPath, 'shadow');
+           markersEnter.append('use').attr('class', 'qaItem-fill').attr('width', '20px').attr('height', '20px').attr('x', '-8px').attr('y', '-22px').attr('xlink:href', '#iD-icon-bolt'); // update
 
+           markers.merge(markersEnter).sort(sortY).classed('selected', function (d) {
+             return d.id === selectedID;
+           }).attr('transform', getTransform); // Draw targets..
 
-           function getService() {
-               if (services.mapillary && !_mapillary) {
-                   _mapillary = services.mapillary;
-                   _mapillary.event.on('loadedSigns', throttledRedraw);
-               } else if (!services.mapillary && _mapillary) {
-                   _mapillary = null;
-               }
-               return _mapillary;
+           if (touchLayer.empty()) return;
+           var fillClass = context.getDebug('target') ? 'pink ' : 'nocolor ';
+           var targets = touchLayer.selectAll('.qaItem.keepRight').data(data, function (d) {
+             return d.id;
+           }); // exit
+
+           targets.exit().remove(); // enter/update
+
+           targets.enter().append('rect').attr('width', '20px').attr('height', '20px').attr('x', '-8px').attr('y', '-22px').merge(targets).sort(sortY).attr('class', function (d) {
+             return "qaItem ".concat(d.service, " target ").concat(fillClass, " itemId-").concat(d.id);
+           }).attr('transform', getTransform);
+
+           function sortY(a, b) {
+             return a.id === selectedID ? 1 : b.id === selectedID ? -1 : a.severity === 'error' && b.severity !== 'error' ? 1 : b.severity === 'error' && a.severity !== 'error' ? -1 : b.loc[1] - a.loc[1];
            }
+         } // Draw the keepRight layer and schedule loading issues and updating markers.
 
 
-           function showLayer() {
-               var service = getService();
-               if (!service) return;
+         function drawKeepRight(selection) {
+           var service = getService();
+           var surface = context.surface();
 
-               editOn();
+           if (surface && !surface.empty()) {
+             touchLayer = surface.selectAll('.data-layer.touch .layer-touch.markers');
            }
 
+           drawLayer = selection.selectAll('.layer-keepRight').data(service ? [0] : []);
+           drawLayer.exit().remove();
+           drawLayer = drawLayer.enter().append('g').attr('class', 'layer-keepRight').style('display', _layerEnabled$2 ? 'block' : 'none').merge(drawLayer);
 
-           function hideLayer() {
-               throttledRedraw.cancel();
+           if (_layerEnabled$2) {
+             if (service && ~~context.map().zoom() >= minZoom) {
+               editOn();
+               service.loadIssues(projection);
+               updateMarkers();
+             } else {
                editOff();
+             }
            }
+         } // Toggles the layer on and off
 
 
-           function editOn() {
-               layer.style('display', 'block');
-           }
+         drawKeepRight.enabled = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _layerEnabled$2;
+           _layerEnabled$2 = val;
 
+           if (_layerEnabled$2) {
+             layerOn();
+           } else {
+             layerOff();
 
-           function editOff() {
-               layer.selectAll('.icon-sign').remove();
-               layer.style('display', 'none');
+             if (context.selectedErrorID()) {
+               context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+             }
            }
 
+           dispatch.call('change');
+           return this;
+         };
+
+         drawKeepRight.supported = function () {
+           return !!getService();
+         };
 
-           function click(d) {
-               var service = getService();
-               if (!service) return;
+         return drawKeepRight;
+       }
 
-               context.map().centerEase(d.loc);
+       function svgGeolocate(projection) {
+         var layer = select(null);
 
-               var selectedImageKey = service.getSelectedImageKey();
-               var imageKey;
+         var _position;
 
-               // Pick one of the images the sign was detected in,
-               // preference given to an image already selected.
-               d.detections.forEach(function(detection) {
-                   if (!imageKey || selectedImageKey === detection.image_key) {
-                       imageKey = detection.image_key;
-                   }
-               });
+         function init() {
+           if (svgGeolocate.initialized) return; // run once
 
-               service
-                   .selectImage(context, imageKey)
-                   .updateViewer(context, imageKey)
-                   .showViewer(context);
-           }
+           svgGeolocate.enabled = false;
+           svgGeolocate.initialized = true;
+         }
 
+         function showLayer() {
+           layer.style('display', 'block');
+         }
 
-           function update() {
-               var service = getService();
-               var data = (service ? service.signs(projection) : []);
-               var selectedImageKey = service.getSelectedImageKey();
-               var transform = svgPointTransform(projection);
-
-               var signs = layer.selectAll('.icon-sign')
-                   .data(data, function(d) { return d.key; });
-
-               // exit
-               signs.exit()
-                   .remove();
-
-               // enter
-               var enter = signs.enter()
-                   .append('g')
-                   .attr('class', 'icon-sign icon-detected')
-                   .on('click', click);
-
-               enter
-                   .append('use')
-                   .attr('width', '24px')
-                   .attr('height', '24px')
-                   .attr('x', '-12px')
-                   .attr('y', '-12px')
-                   .attr('xlink:href', function(d) { return '#' + d.value; });
-
-               enter
-                   .append('rect')
-                   .attr('width', '24px')
-                   .attr('height', '24px')
-                   .attr('x', '-12px')
-                   .attr('y', '-12px');
-
-               // update
-               signs
-                   .merge(enter)
-                   .attr('transform', transform)
-                   .classed('currentView', function(d) {
-                       return d.detections.some(function(detection) {
-                           return detection.image_key === selectedImageKey;
-                       });
-                   })
-                   .sort(function(a, b) {
-                       var aSelected = a.detections.some(function(detection) {
-                           return detection.image_key === selectedImageKey;
-                       });
-                       var bSelected = b.detections.some(function(detection) {
-                           return detection.image_key === selectedImageKey;
-                       });
-                       if (aSelected === bSelected) {
-                           return b.loc[1] - a.loc[1]; // sort Y
-                       } else if (aSelected) {
-                           return 1;
-                       }
-                       return -1;
-                   });
-           }
+         function hideLayer() {
+           layer.transition().duration(250).style('opacity', 0);
+         }
 
+         function layerOn() {
+           layer.style('opacity', 0).transition().duration(250).style('opacity', 1);
+         }
 
-           function drawSigns(selection) {
-               var enabled = svgMapillarySigns.enabled;
-               var service = getService();
+         function layerOff() {
+           layer.style('display', 'none');
+         }
 
-               layer = selection.selectAll('.layer-mapillary-signs')
-                   .data(service ? [0] : []);
+         function transform(d) {
+           return svgPointTransform(projection)(d);
+         }
 
-               layer.exit()
-                   .remove();
+         function accuracy(accuracy, loc) {
+           // converts accuracy to pixels...
+           var degreesRadius = geoMetersToLat(accuracy),
+               tangentLoc = [loc[0], loc[1] + degreesRadius],
+               projectedTangent = projection(tangentLoc),
+               projectedLoc = projection([loc[0], loc[1]]); // southern most point will have higher pixel value...
 
-               layer = layer.enter()
-                   .append('g')
-                   .attr('class', 'layer-mapillary-signs layer-mapillary-detections')
-                   .style('display', enabled ? 'block' : 'none')
-                   .merge(layer);
+           return Math.round(projectedLoc[1] - projectedTangent[1]).toString();
+         }
 
-               if (enabled) {
-                   if (service && ~~context.map().zoom() >= minZoom) {
-                       editOn();
-                       update();
-                       service.loadSigns(projection);
-                   } else {
-                       editOff();
-                   }
-               }
+         function update() {
+           var geolocation = {
+             loc: [_position.coords.longitude, _position.coords.latitude]
+           };
+           var groups = layer.selectAll('.geolocations').selectAll('.geolocation').data([geolocation]);
+           groups.exit().remove();
+           var pointsEnter = groups.enter().append('g').attr('class', 'geolocation');
+           pointsEnter.append('circle').attr('class', 'geolocate-radius').attr('dx', '0').attr('dy', '0').attr('fill', 'rgb(15,128,225)').attr('fill-opacity', '0.3').attr('r', '0');
+           pointsEnter.append('circle').attr('dx', '0').attr('dy', '0').attr('fill', 'rgb(15,128,225)').attr('stroke', 'white').attr('stroke-width', '1.5').attr('r', '6');
+           groups.merge(pointsEnter).attr('transform', transform);
+           layer.select('.geolocate-radius').attr('r', accuracy(_position.coords.accuracy, geolocation.loc));
+         }
+
+         function drawLocation(selection) {
+           var enabled = svgGeolocate.enabled;
+           layer = selection.selectAll('.layer-geolocate').data([0]);
+           layer.exit().remove();
+           var layerEnter = layer.enter().append('g').attr('class', 'layer-geolocate').style('display', enabled ? 'block' : 'none');
+           layerEnter.append('g').attr('class', 'geolocations');
+           layer = layerEnter.merge(layer);
+
+           if (enabled) {
+             update();
+           } else {
+             layerOff();
            }
+         }
 
+         drawLocation.enabled = function (position, enabled) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return svgGeolocate.enabled;
+           _position = position;
+           svgGeolocate.enabled = enabled;
 
-           drawSigns.enabled = function(_) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return svgMapillarySigns.enabled;
-               svgMapillarySigns.enabled = _;
-               if (svgMapillarySigns.enabled) {
-                   showLayer();
-               } else {
-                   hideLayer();
-               }
-               dispatch.call('change');
-               return this;
-           };
+           if (svgGeolocate.enabled) {
+             showLayer();
+             layerOn();
+           } else {
+             hideLayer();
+           }
 
+           return this;
+         };
 
-           drawSigns.supported = function() {
-               return !!getService();
-           };
+         init();
+         return drawLocation;
+       }
 
+       function svgLabels(projection, context) {
+         var path = d3_geoPath(projection);
+         var detected = utilDetect();
+         var baselineHack = detected.ie || detected.browser.toLowerCase() === 'edge' || detected.browser.toLowerCase() === 'firefox' && detected.version >= 70;
 
-           init();
-           return drawSigns;
-       }
+         var _rdrawn = new RBush();
 
-       function svgMapillaryMapFeatures(projection, context, dispatch) {
-           var throttledRedraw = throttle(function () { dispatch.call('change'); }, 1000);
-           var minZoom = 12;
-           var layer = select(null);
-           var _mapillary;
+         var _rskipped = new RBush();
 
+         var _textWidthCache = {};
+         var _entitybboxes = {}; // Listed from highest to lowest priority
 
-           function init() {
-               if (svgMapillaryMapFeatures.initialized) return;  // run once
-               svgMapillaryMapFeatures.enabled = false;
-               svgMapillaryMapFeatures.initialized = true;
-           }
+         var labelStack = [['line', 'aeroway', '*', 12], ['line', 'highway', 'motorway', 12], ['line', 'highway', 'trunk', 12], ['line', 'highway', 'primary', 12], ['line', 'highway', 'secondary', 12], ['line', 'highway', 'tertiary', 12], ['line', 'highway', '*', 12], ['line', 'railway', '*', 12], ['line', 'waterway', '*', 12], ['area', 'aeroway', '*', 12], ['area', 'amenity', '*', 12], ['area', 'building', '*', 12], ['area', 'historic', '*', 12], ['area', 'leisure', '*', 12], ['area', 'man_made', '*', 12], ['area', 'natural', '*', 12], ['area', 'shop', '*', 12], ['area', 'tourism', '*', 12], ['area', 'camp_site', '*', 12], ['point', 'aeroway', '*', 10], ['point', 'amenity', '*', 10], ['point', 'building', '*', 10], ['point', 'historic', '*', 10], ['point', 'leisure', '*', 10], ['point', 'man_made', '*', 10], ['point', 'natural', '*', 10], ['point', 'shop', '*', 10], ['point', 'tourism', '*', 10], ['point', 'camp_site', '*', 10], ['line', 'name', '*', 12], ['area', 'name', '*', 12], ['point', 'name', '*', 10]];
 
+         function shouldSkipIcon(preset) {
+           var noIcons = ['building', 'landuse', 'natural'];
+           return noIcons.some(function (s) {
+             return preset.id.indexOf(s) >= 0;
+           });
+         }
 
-           function getService() {
-               if (services.mapillary && !_mapillary) {
-                   _mapillary = services.mapillary;
-                   _mapillary.event.on('loadedMapFeatures', throttledRedraw);
-               } else if (!services.mapillary && _mapillary) {
-                   _mapillary = null;
-               }
-               return _mapillary;
-           }
+         function get(array, prop) {
+           return function (d, i) {
+             return array[i][prop];
+           };
+         }
 
+         function textWidth(text, size, elem) {
+           var c = _textWidthCache[size];
+           if (!c) c = _textWidthCache[size] = {};
 
-           function showLayer() {
-               var service = getService();
-               if (!service) return;
+           if (c[text]) {
+             return c[text];
+           } else if (elem) {
+             c[text] = elem.getComputedTextLength();
+             return c[text];
+           } else {
+             var str = encodeURIComponent(text).match(/%[CDEFcdef]/g);
 
-               editOn();
+             if (str === null) {
+               return size / 3 * 2 * text.length;
+             } else {
+               return size / 3 * (2 * text.length + str.length);
+             }
            }
+         }
 
+         function drawLinePaths(selection, entities, filter, classes, labels) {
+           var paths = selection.selectAll('path').filter(filter).data(entities, osmEntity.key); // exit
 
-           function hideLayer() {
-               throttledRedraw.cancel();
-               editOff();
-           }
+           paths.exit().remove(); // enter/update
 
+           paths.enter().append('path').style('stroke-width', get(labels, 'font-size')).attr('id', function (d) {
+             return 'ideditor-labelpath-' + d.id;
+           }).attr('class', classes).merge(paths).attr('d', get(labels, 'lineString'));
+         }
 
-           function editOn() {
-               layer.style('display', 'block');
-           }
+         function drawLineLabels(selection, entities, filter, classes, labels) {
+           var texts = selection.selectAll('text.' + classes).filter(filter).data(entities, osmEntity.key); // exit
 
+           texts.exit().remove(); // enter
 
-           function editOff() {
-               layer.selectAll('.icon-map-feature').remove();
-               layer.style('display', 'none');
-           }
+           texts.enter().append('text').attr('class', function (d, i) {
+             return classes + ' ' + labels[i].classes + ' ' + d.id;
+           }).attr('dy', baselineHack ? '0.35em' : null).append('textPath').attr('class', 'textpath'); // update
 
+           selection.selectAll('text.' + classes).selectAll('.textpath').filter(filter).data(entities, osmEntity.key).attr('startOffset', '50%').attr('xlink:href', function (d) {
+             return '#ideditor-labelpath-' + d.id;
+           }).text(utilDisplayNameForPath);
+         }
 
-           function click(d) {
-               var service = getService();
-               if (!service) return;
+         function drawPointLabels(selection, entities, filter, classes, labels) {
+           var texts = selection.selectAll('text.' + classes).filter(filter).data(entities, osmEntity.key); // exit
 
-               context.map().centerEase(d.loc);
+           texts.exit().remove(); // enter/update
 
-               var selectedImageKey = service.getSelectedImageKey();
-               var imageKey;
+           texts.enter().append('text').attr('class', function (d, i) {
+             return classes + ' ' + labels[i].classes + ' ' + d.id;
+           }).merge(texts).attr('x', get(labels, 'x')).attr('y', get(labels, 'y')).style('text-anchor', get(labels, 'textAnchor')).text(utilDisplayName).each(function (d, i) {
+             textWidth(utilDisplayName(d), labels[i].height, this);
+           });
+         }
 
-               // Pick one of the images the map feature was detected in,
-               // preference given to an image already selected.
-               d.detections.forEach(function(detection) {
-                   if (!imageKey || selectedImageKey === detection.image_key) {
-                       imageKey = detection.image_key;
-                   }
-               });
+         function drawAreaLabels(selection, entities, filter, classes, labels) {
+           entities = entities.filter(hasText);
+           labels = labels.filter(hasText);
+           drawPointLabels(selection, entities, filter, classes, labels);
 
-               service
-                   .selectImage(context, imageKey)
-                   .updateViewer(context, imageKey)
-                   .showViewer(context);
+           function hasText(d, i) {
+             return labels[i].hasOwnProperty('x') && labels[i].hasOwnProperty('y');
            }
+         }
 
+         function drawAreaIcons(selection, entities, filter, classes, labels) {
+           var icons = selection.selectAll('use.' + classes).filter(filter).data(entities, osmEntity.key); // exit
 
-           function update() {
-               var service = getService();
-               var data = (service ? service.mapFeatures(projection) : []);
-               var selectedImageKey = service && service.getSelectedImageKey();
-               var transform = svgPointTransform(projection);
-
-               var mapFeatures = layer.selectAll('.icon-map-feature')
-                   .data(data, function(d) { return d.key; });
-
-               // exit
-               mapFeatures.exit()
-                   .remove();
-
-               // enter
-               var enter = mapFeatures.enter()
-                   .append('g')
-                   .attr('class', 'icon-map-feature icon-detected')
-                   .on('click', click);
-
-               enter
-                   .append('title')
-                   .text(function(d) {
-                       var id = d.value.replace(/--/g, '.').replace(/-/g, '_');
-                       return _t('mapillary_map_features.' + id);
-                   });
+           icons.exit().remove(); // enter/update
 
-               enter
-                   .append('use')
-                   .attr('width', '24px')
-                   .attr('height', '24px')
-                   .attr('x', '-12px')
-                   .attr('y', '-12px')
-                   .attr('xlink:href', function(d) {
-                       if (d.value === 'object--billboard') {
-                           // no billboard icon right now, so use the advertisement icon
-                           return '#object--sign--advertisement';
-                       }
-                       return '#' + d.value;
-                   });
+           icons.enter().append('use').attr('class', 'icon ' + classes).attr('width', '17px').attr('height', '17px').merge(icons).attr('transform', get(labels, 'transform')).attr('xlink:href', function (d) {
+             var preset = _mainPresetIndex.match(d, context.graph());
+             var picon = preset && preset.icon;
 
-               enter
-                   .append('rect')
-                   .attr('width', '24px')
-                   .attr('height', '24px')
-                   .attr('x', '-12px')
-                   .attr('y', '-12px');
-
-               // update
-               mapFeatures
-                   .merge(enter)
-                   .attr('transform', transform)
-                   .classed('currentView', function(d) {
-                       return d.detections.some(function(detection) {
-                           return detection.image_key === selectedImageKey;
-                       });
-                   })
-                   .sort(function(a, b) {
-                       var aSelected = a.detections.some(function(detection) {
-                           return detection.image_key === selectedImageKey;
-                       });
-                       var bSelected = b.detections.some(function(detection) {
-                           return detection.image_key === selectedImageKey;
-                       });
-                       if (aSelected === bSelected) {
-                           return b.loc[1] - a.loc[1]; // sort Y
-                       } else if (aSelected) {
-                           return 1;
-                       }
-                       return -1;
-                   });
-           }
+             if (!picon) {
+               return '';
+             } else {
+               var isMaki = /^maki-/.test(picon);
+               return '#' + picon + (isMaki ? '-15' : '');
+             }
+           });
+         }
 
+         function drawCollisionBoxes(selection, rtree, which) {
+           var classes = 'debug ' + which + ' ' + (which === 'debug-skipped' ? 'orange' : 'yellow');
+           var gj = [];
 
-           function drawMapFeatures(selection) {
-               var enabled = svgMapillaryMapFeatures.enabled;
-               var service = getService();
+           if (context.getDebug('collision')) {
+             gj = rtree.all().map(function (d) {
+               return {
+                 type: 'Polygon',
+                 coordinates: [[[d.minX, d.minY], [d.maxX, d.minY], [d.maxX, d.maxY], [d.minX, d.maxY], [d.minX, d.minY]]]
+               };
+             });
+           }
 
-               layer = selection.selectAll('.layer-mapillary-map-features')
-                   .data(service ? [0] : []);
+           var boxes = selection.selectAll('.' + which).data(gj); // exit
 
-               layer.exit()
-                   .remove();
+           boxes.exit().remove(); // enter/update
 
-               layer = layer.enter()
-                   .append('g')
-                   .attr('class', 'layer-mapillary-map-features layer-mapillary-detections')
-                   .style('display', enabled ? 'block' : 'none')
-                   .merge(layer);
+           boxes.enter().append('path').attr('class', classes).merge(boxes).attr('d', d3_geoPath());
+         }
 
-               if (enabled) {
-                   if (service && ~~context.map().zoom() >= minZoom) {
-                       editOn();
-                       update();
-                       service.loadMapFeatures(projection);
-                   } else {
-                       editOff();
-                   }
-               }
+         function drawLabels(selection, graph, entities, filter, dimensions, fullRedraw) {
+           var wireframe = context.surface().classed('fill-wireframe');
+           var zoom = geoScaleToZoom(projection.scale());
+           var labelable = [];
+           var renderNodeAs = {};
+           var i, j, k, entity, geometry;
+
+           for (i = 0; i < labelStack.length; i++) {
+             labelable.push([]);
            }
 
+           if (fullRedraw) {
+             _rdrawn.clear();
 
-           drawMapFeatures.enabled = function(_) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return svgMapillaryMapFeatures.enabled;
-               svgMapillaryMapFeatures.enabled = _;
-               if (svgMapillaryMapFeatures.enabled) {
-                   showLayer();
-               } else {
-                   hideLayer();
-               }
-               dispatch.call('change');
-               return this;
-           };
+             _rskipped.clear();
 
+             _entitybboxes = {};
+           } else {
+             for (i = 0; i < entities.length; i++) {
+               entity = entities[i];
+               var toRemove = [].concat(_entitybboxes[entity.id] || []).concat(_entitybboxes[entity.id + 'I'] || []);
 
-           drawMapFeatures.supported = function() {
-               return !!getService();
-           };
+               for (j = 0; j < toRemove.length; j++) {
+                 _rdrawn.remove(toRemove[j]);
 
+                 _rskipped.remove(toRemove[j]);
+               }
+             }
+           } // Loop through all the entities to do some preprocessing
 
-           init();
-           return drawMapFeatures;
-       }
 
-       function svgOpenstreetcamImages(projection, context, dispatch) {
-           var throttledRedraw = throttle(function () { dispatch.call('change'); }, 1000);
-           var minZoom = 12;
-           var minMarkerZoom = 16;
-           var minViewfieldZoom = 18;
-           var layer = select(null);
-           var _openstreetcam;
+           for (i = 0; i < entities.length; i++) {
+             entity = entities[i];
+             geometry = entity.geometry(graph); // Insert collision boxes around interesting points/vertices
 
+             if (geometry === 'point' || geometry === 'vertex' && isInterestingVertex(entity)) {
+               var hasDirections = entity.directions(graph, projection).length;
+               var markerPadding;
 
-           function init() {
-               if (svgOpenstreetcamImages.initialized) return;  // run once
-               svgOpenstreetcamImages.enabled = false;
-               svgOpenstreetcamImages.initialized = true;
-           }
+               if (!wireframe && geometry === 'point' && !(zoom >= 18 && hasDirections)) {
+                 renderNodeAs[entity.id] = 'point';
+                 markerPadding = 20; // extra y for marker height
+               } else {
+                 renderNodeAs[entity.id] = 'vertex';
+                 markerPadding = 0;
+               }
 
+               var coord = projection(entity.loc);
+               var nodePadding = 10;
+               var bbox = {
+                 minX: coord[0] - nodePadding,
+                 minY: coord[1] - nodePadding - markerPadding,
+                 maxX: coord[0] + nodePadding,
+                 maxY: coord[1] + nodePadding
+               };
+               doInsert(bbox, entity.id + 'P');
+             } // From here on, treat vertices like points
 
-           function getService() {
-               if (services.openstreetcam && !_openstreetcam) {
-                   _openstreetcam = services.openstreetcam;
-                   _openstreetcam.event.on('loadedImages', throttledRedraw);
-               } else if (!services.openstreetcam && _openstreetcam) {
-                   _openstreetcam = null;
-               }
 
-               return _openstreetcam;
-           }
+             if (geometry === 'vertex') {
+               geometry = 'point';
+             } // Determine which entities are label-able
 
 
-           function showLayer() {
-               var service = getService();
-               if (!service) return;
+             var preset = geometry === 'area' && _mainPresetIndex.match(entity, graph);
+             var icon = preset && !shouldSkipIcon(preset) && preset.icon;
+             if (!icon && !utilDisplayName(entity)) continue;
 
-               editOn();
+             for (k = 0; k < labelStack.length; k++) {
+               var matchGeom = labelStack[k][0];
+               var matchKey = labelStack[k][1];
+               var matchVal = labelStack[k][2];
+               var hasVal = entity.tags[matchKey];
 
-               layer
-                   .style('opacity', 0)
-                   .transition()
-                   .duration(250)
-                   .style('opacity', 1)
-                   .on('end', function () { dispatch.call('change'); });
+               if (geometry === matchGeom && hasVal && (matchVal === '*' || matchVal === hasVal)) {
+                 labelable[k].push(entity);
+                 break;
+               }
+             }
            }
 
+           var positions = {
+             point: [],
+             line: [],
+             area: []
+           };
+           var labelled = {
+             point: [],
+             line: [],
+             area: []
+           }; // Try and find a valid label for labellable entities
 
-           function hideLayer() {
-               throttledRedraw.cancel();
+           for (k = 0; k < labelable.length; k++) {
+             var fontSize = labelStack[k][3];
 
-               layer
-                   .transition()
-                   .duration(250)
-                   .style('opacity', 0)
-                   .on('end', editOff);
-           }
+             for (i = 0; i < labelable[k].length; i++) {
+               entity = labelable[k][i];
+               geometry = entity.geometry(graph);
+               var getName = geometry === 'line' ? utilDisplayNameForPath : utilDisplayName;
+               var name = getName(entity);
+               var width = name && textWidth(name, fontSize);
+               var p = null;
 
+               if (geometry === 'point' || geometry === 'vertex') {
+                 // no point or vertex labels in wireframe mode
+                 // no vertex labels at low zooms (vertices have no icons)
+                 if (wireframe) continue;
+                 var renderAs = renderNodeAs[entity.id];
+                 if (renderAs === 'vertex' && zoom < 17) continue;
+                 p = getPointLabel(entity, width, fontSize, renderAs);
+               } else if (geometry === 'line') {
+                 p = getLineLabel(entity, width, fontSize);
+               } else if (geometry === 'area') {
+                 p = getAreaLabel(entity, width, fontSize);
+               }
 
-           function editOn() {
-               layer.style('display', 'block');
-           }
+               if (p) {
+                 if (geometry === 'vertex') {
+                   geometry = 'point';
+                 } // treat vertex like point
 
 
-           function editOff() {
-               layer.selectAll('.viewfield-group').remove();
-               layer.style('display', 'none');
+                 p.classes = geometry + ' tag-' + labelStack[k][1];
+                 positions[geometry].push(p);
+                 labelled[geometry].push(entity);
+               }
+             }
            }
 
+           function isInterestingVertex(entity) {
+             var selectedIDs = context.selectedIDs();
+             return entity.hasInterestingTags() || entity.isEndpoint(graph) || entity.isConnected(graph) || selectedIDs.indexOf(entity.id) !== -1 || graph.parentWays(entity).some(function (parent) {
+               return selectedIDs.indexOf(parent.id) !== -1;
+             });
+           }
 
-           function click(d) {
-               var service = getService();
-               if (!service) return;
-
-               service
-                   .selectImage(context, d)
-                   .updateViewer(context, d)
-                   .showViewer(context);
+           function getPointLabel(entity, width, height, geometry) {
+             var y = geometry === 'point' ? -12 : 0;
+             var pointOffsets = {
+               ltr: [15, y, 'start'],
+               rtl: [-15, y, 'end']
+             };
+             var textDirection = _mainLocalizer.textDirection();
+             var coord = projection(entity.loc);
+             var textPadding = 2;
+             var offset = pointOffsets[textDirection];
+             var p = {
+               height: height,
+               width: width,
+               x: coord[0] + offset[0],
+               y: coord[1] + offset[1],
+               textAnchor: offset[2]
+             }; // insert a collision box for the text label..
+
+             var bbox;
+
+             if (textDirection === 'rtl') {
+               bbox = {
+                 minX: p.x - width - textPadding,
+                 minY: p.y - height / 2 - textPadding,
+                 maxX: p.x + textPadding,
+                 maxY: p.y + height / 2 + textPadding
+               };
+             } else {
+               bbox = {
+                 minX: p.x - textPadding,
+                 minY: p.y - height / 2 - textPadding,
+                 maxX: p.x + width + textPadding,
+                 maxY: p.y + height / 2 + textPadding
+               };
+             }
 
-               context.map().centerEase(d.loc);
+             if (tryInsert([bbox], entity.id, true)) {
+               return p;
+             }
            }
 
+           function getLineLabel(entity, width, height) {
+             var viewport = geoExtent(context.projection.clipExtent()).polygon();
+             var points = graph.childNodes(entity).map(function (node) {
+               return projection(node.loc);
+             });
+             var length = geoPathLength(points);
+             if (length < width + 20) return; // % along the line to attempt to place the label
 
-           function mouseover(d) {
-               var service = getService();
-               if (service) service.setStyles(context, d);
-           }
+             var lineOffsets = [50, 45, 55, 40, 60, 35, 65, 30, 70, 25, 75, 20, 80, 15, 95, 10, 90, 5, 95];
+             var padding = 3;
 
+             for (var i = 0; i < lineOffsets.length; i++) {
+               var offset = lineOffsets[i];
+               var middle = offset / 100 * length;
+               var start = middle - width / 2;
+               if (start < 0 || start + width > length) continue; // generate subpath and ignore paths that are invalid or don't cross viewport.
 
-           function mouseout() {
-               var service = getService();
-               if (service) service.setStyles(context, null);
-           }
+               var sub = subpath(points, start, start + width);
+
+               if (!sub || !geoPolygonIntersectsPolygon(viewport, sub, true)) {
+                 continue;
+               }
 
+               var isReverse = reverse(sub);
 
-           function transform(d) {
-               var t = svgPointTransform(projection)(d);
-               if (d.ca) {
-                   t += ' rotate(' + Math.floor(d.ca) + ',0,0)';
+               if (isReverse) {
+                 sub = sub.reverse();
                }
-               return t;
-           }
 
+               var bboxes = [];
+               var boxsize = (height + 2) / 2;
 
-           context.photos().on('change.openstreetcam_images', update);
+               for (var j = 0; j < sub.length - 1; j++) {
+                 var a = sub[j];
+                 var b = sub[j + 1]; // split up the text into small collision boxes
 
-           function update() {
-               var viewer = context.container().select('.photoviewer');
-               var selected = viewer.empty() ? undefined : viewer.datum();
+                 var num = Math.max(1, Math.floor(geoVecLength(a, b) / boxsize / 2));
+
+                 for (var box = 0; box < num; box++) {
+                   var p = geoVecInterp(a, b, box / num);
+                   var x0 = p[0] - boxsize - padding;
+                   var y0 = p[1] - boxsize - padding;
+                   var x1 = p[0] + boxsize + padding;
+                   var y1 = p[1] + boxsize + padding;
+                   bboxes.push({
+                     minX: Math.min(x0, x1),
+                     minY: Math.min(y0, y1),
+                     maxX: Math.max(x0, x1),
+                     maxY: Math.max(y0, y1)
+                   });
+                 }
+               }
 
-               var z = ~~context.map().zoom();
-               var showMarkers = (z >= minMarkerZoom);
-               var showViewfields = (z >= minViewfieldZoom);
+               if (tryInsert(bboxes, entity.id, false)) {
+                 // accept this one
+                 return {
+                   'font-size': height + 2,
+                   lineString: lineString(sub),
+                   startOffset: offset + '%'
+                 };
+               }
+             }
 
-               var service = getService();
-               var sequences = [];
-               var images = [];
+             function reverse(p) {
+               var angle = Math.atan2(p[1][1] - p[0][1], p[1][0] - p[0][0]);
+               return !(p[0][0] < p[p.length - 1][0] && angle < Math.PI / 2 && angle > -Math.PI / 2);
+             }
 
-               if (context.photos().showsFlat()) {
-                   sequences = (service ? service.sequences(projection) : []);
-                   images = (service && showMarkers ? service.images(projection) : []);
-               }
+             function lineString(points) {
+               return 'M' + points.join('L');
+             }
 
-               var traces = layer.selectAll('.sequences').selectAll('.sequence')
-                   .data(sequences, function(d) { return d.properties.key; });
+             function subpath(points, from, to) {
+               var sofar = 0;
+               var start, end, i0, i1;
 
-               // exit
-               traces.exit()
-                   .remove();
+               for (var i = 0; i < points.length - 1; i++) {
+                 var a = points[i];
+                 var b = points[i + 1];
+                 var current = geoVecLength(a, b);
+                 var portion;
 
-               // enter/update
-               traces = traces.enter()
-                   .append('path')
-                   .attr('class', 'sequence')
-                   .merge(traces)
-                   .attr('d', svgPath(projection).geojson);
+                 if (!start && sofar + current >= from) {
+                   portion = (from - sofar) / current;
+                   start = [a[0] + portion * (b[0] - a[0]), a[1] + portion * (b[1] - a[1])];
+                   i0 = i + 1;
+                 }
 
+                 if (!end && sofar + current >= to) {
+                   portion = (to - sofar) / current;
+                   end = [a[0] + portion * (b[0] - a[0]), a[1] + portion * (b[1] - a[1])];
+                   i1 = i + 1;
+                 }
 
-               var groups = layer.selectAll('.markers').selectAll('.viewfield-group')
-                   .data(images, function(d) { return d.key; });
+                 sofar += current;
+               }
 
-               // exit
-               groups.exit()
-                   .remove();
+               var result = points.slice(i0, i1);
+               result.unshift(start);
+               result.push(end);
+               return result;
+             }
+           }
 
-               // enter
-               var groupsEnter = groups.enter()
-                   .append('g')
-                   .attr('class', 'viewfield-group')
-                   .on('mouseenter', mouseover)
-                   .on('mouseleave', mouseout)
-                   .on('click', click);
+           function getAreaLabel(entity, width, height) {
+             var centroid = path.centroid(entity.asGeoJSON(graph));
+             var extent = entity.extent(graph);
+             var areaWidth = projection(extent[1])[0] - projection(extent[0])[0];
+             if (isNaN(centroid[0]) || areaWidth < 20) return;
+             var preset = _mainPresetIndex.match(entity, context.graph());
+             var picon = preset && preset.icon;
+             var iconSize = 17;
+             var padding = 2;
+             var p = {};
 
-               groupsEnter
-                   .append('g')
-                   .attr('class', 'viewfield-scale');
+             if (picon) {
+               // icon and label..
+               if (addIcon()) {
+                 addLabel(iconSize + padding);
+                 return p;
+               }
+             } else {
+               // label only..
+               if (addLabel(0)) {
+                 return p;
+               }
+             }
 
-               // update
-               var markers = groups
-                   .merge(groupsEnter)
-                   .sort(function(a, b) {
-                       return (a === selected) ? 1
-                           : (b === selected) ? -1
-                           : b.loc[1] - a.loc[1];  // sort Y
-                   })
-                   .attr('transform', transform)
-                   .select('.viewfield-scale');
+             function addIcon() {
+               var iconX = centroid[0] - iconSize / 2;
+               var iconY = centroid[1] - iconSize / 2;
+               var bbox = {
+                 minX: iconX,
+                 minY: iconY,
+                 maxX: iconX + iconSize,
+                 maxY: iconY + iconSize
+               };
 
+               if (tryInsert([bbox], entity.id + 'I', true)) {
+                 p.transform = 'translate(' + iconX + ',' + iconY + ')';
+                 return true;
+               }
 
-               markers.selectAll('circle')
-                   .data([0])
-                   .enter()
-                   .append('circle')
-                   .attr('dx', '0')
-                   .attr('dy', '0')
-                   .attr('r', '6');
+               return false;
+             }
 
-               var viewfields = markers.selectAll('.viewfield')
-                   .data(showViewfields ? [0] : []);
+             function addLabel(yOffset) {
+               if (width && areaWidth >= width + 20) {
+                 var labelX = centroid[0];
+                 var labelY = centroid[1] + yOffset;
+                 var bbox = {
+                   minX: labelX - width / 2 - padding,
+                   minY: labelY - height / 2 - padding,
+                   maxX: labelX + width / 2 + padding,
+                   maxY: labelY + height / 2 + padding
+                 };
 
-               viewfields.exit()
-                   .remove();
+                 if (tryInsert([bbox], entity.id, true)) {
+                   p.x = labelX;
+                   p.y = labelY;
+                   p.textAnchor = 'middle';
+                   p.height = height;
+                   return true;
+                 }
+               }
 
-               viewfields.enter()               // viewfields may or may not be drawn...
-                   .insert('path', 'circle')    // but if they are, draw below the circles
-                   .attr('class', 'viewfield')
-                   .attr('transform', 'scale(1.5,1.5),translate(-8, -13)')
-                   .attr('d', 'M 6,9 C 8,8.4 8,8.4 10,9 L 16,-2 C 12,-5 4,-5 0,-2 z');
-           }
+               return false;
+             }
+           } // force insert a singular bounding box
+           // singular box only, no array, id better be unique
 
 
-           function drawImages(selection) {
-               var enabled = svgOpenstreetcamImages.enabled,
-                   service = getService();
+           function doInsert(bbox, id) {
+             bbox.id = id;
+             var oldbox = _entitybboxes[id];
 
-               layer = selection.selectAll('.layer-openstreetcam')
-                   .data(service ? [0] : []);
+             if (oldbox) {
+               _rdrawn.remove(oldbox);
+             }
 
-               layer.exit()
-                   .remove();
+             _entitybboxes[id] = bbox;
 
-               var layerEnter = layer.enter()
-                   .append('g')
-                   .attr('class', 'layer-openstreetcam')
-                   .style('display', enabled ? 'block' : 'none');
+             _rdrawn.insert(bbox);
+           }
 
-               layerEnter
-                   .append('g')
-                   .attr('class', 'sequences');
+           function tryInsert(bboxes, id, saveSkipped) {
+             var skipped = false;
 
-               layerEnter
-                   .append('g')
-                   .attr('class', 'markers');
+             for (var i = 0; i < bboxes.length; i++) {
+               var bbox = bboxes[i];
+               bbox.id = id; // Check that label is visible
 
-               layer = layerEnter
-                   .merge(layer);
+               if (bbox.minX < 0 || bbox.minY < 0 || bbox.maxX > dimensions[0] || bbox.maxY > dimensions[1]) {
+                 skipped = true;
+                 break;
+               }
 
-               if (enabled) {
-                   if (service && ~~context.map().zoom() >= minZoom) {
-                       editOn();
-                       update();
-                       service.loadImages(projection);
-                   } else {
-                       editOff();
-                   }
+               if (_rdrawn.collides(bbox)) {
+                 skipped = true;
+                 break;
                }
-           }
+             }
 
+             _entitybboxes[id] = bboxes;
 
-           drawImages.enabled = function(_) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return svgOpenstreetcamImages.enabled;
-               svgOpenstreetcamImages.enabled = _;
-               if (svgOpenstreetcamImages.enabled) {
-                   showLayer();
-               } else {
-                   hideLayer();
+             if (skipped) {
+               if (saveSkipped) {
+                 _rskipped.load(bboxes);
                }
-               dispatch.call('change');
-               return this;
-           };
+             } else {
+               _rdrawn.load(bboxes);
+             }
+
+             return !skipped;
+           }
 
+           var layer = selection.selectAll('.layer-osm.labels');
+           layer.selectAll('.labels-group').data(['halo', 'label', 'debug']).enter().append('g').attr('class', function (d) {
+             return 'labels-group ' + d;
+           });
+           var halo = layer.selectAll('.labels-group.halo');
+           var label = layer.selectAll('.labels-group.label');
+           var debug = layer.selectAll('.labels-group.debug'); // points
 
-           drawImages.supported = function() {
-               return !!getService();
-           };
+           drawPointLabels(label, labelled.point, filter, 'pointlabel', positions.point);
+           drawPointLabels(halo, labelled.point, filter, 'pointlabel-halo', positions.point); // lines
 
+           drawLinePaths(layer, labelled.line, filter, '', positions.line);
+           drawLineLabels(label, labelled.line, filter, 'linelabel', positions.line);
+           drawLineLabels(halo, labelled.line, filter, 'linelabel-halo', positions.line); // areas
 
-           init();
-           return drawImages;
-       }
+           drawAreaLabels(label, labelled.area, filter, 'arealabel', positions.area);
+           drawAreaLabels(halo, labelled.area, filter, 'arealabel-halo', positions.area);
+           drawAreaIcons(label, labelled.area, filter, 'areaicon', positions.area);
+           drawAreaIcons(halo, labelled.area, filter, 'areaicon-halo', positions.area); // debug
 
-       function svgOsm(projection, context, dispatch) {
-           var enabled = true;
+           drawCollisionBoxes(debug, _rskipped, 'debug-skipped');
+           drawCollisionBoxes(debug, _rdrawn, 'debug-drawn');
+           layer.call(filterLabels);
+         }
 
+         function filterLabels(selection) {
+           var drawLayer = selection.selectAll('.layer-osm.labels');
+           var layers = drawLayer.selectAll('.labels-group.halo, .labels-group.label');
+           layers.selectAll('.nolabel').classed('nolabel', false);
+           var mouse = context.map().mouse();
+           var graph = context.graph();
+           var selectedIDs = context.selectedIDs();
+           var ids = [];
+           var pad, bbox; // hide labels near the mouse
+
+           if (mouse) {
+             pad = 20;
+             bbox = {
+               minX: mouse[0] - pad,
+               minY: mouse[1] - pad,
+               maxX: mouse[0] + pad,
+               maxY: mouse[1] + pad
+             };
 
-           function drawOsm(selection) {
-               selection.selectAll('.layer-osm')
-                   .data(['covered', 'areas', 'lines', 'points', 'labels'])
-                   .enter()
-                   .append('g')
-                   .attr('class', function(d) { return 'layer-osm ' + d; });
+             var nearMouse = _rdrawn.search(bbox).map(function (entity) {
+               return entity.id;
+             });
 
-               selection.selectAll('.layer-osm.points').selectAll('.points-group')
-                   .data(['points', 'midpoints', 'vertices', 'turns'])
-                   .enter()
-                   .append('g')
-                   .attr('class', function(d) { return 'points-group ' + d; });
-           }
+             ids.push.apply(ids, nearMouse);
+           } // hide labels on selected nodes (they look weird when dragging / haloed)
 
 
-           function showLayer() {
-               var layer = context.surface().selectAll('.data-layer.osm');
-               layer.interrupt();
+           for (var i = 0; i < selectedIDs.length; i++) {
+             var entity = graph.hasEntity(selectedIDs[i]);
 
-               layer
-                   .classed('disabled', false)
-                   .style('opacity', 0)
-                   .transition()
-                   .duration(250)
-                   .style('opacity', 1)
-                   .on('end interrupt', function () {
-                       dispatch.call('change');
-                   });
+             if (entity && entity.type === 'node') {
+               ids.push(selectedIDs[i]);
+             }
            }
 
+           layers.selectAll(utilEntitySelector(ids)).classed('nolabel', true); // draw the mouse bbox if debugging is on..
 
-           function hideLayer() {
-               var layer = context.surface().selectAll('.data-layer.osm');
-               layer.interrupt();
+           var debug = selection.selectAll('.labels-group.debug');
+           var gj = [];
 
-               layer
-                   .transition()
-                   .duration(250)
-                   .style('opacity', 0)
-                   .on('end interrupt', function () {
-                       layer.classed('disabled', true);
-                       dispatch.call('change');
-                   });
+           if (context.getDebug('collision')) {
+             gj = bbox ? [{
+               type: 'Polygon',
+               coordinates: [[[bbox.minX, bbox.minY], [bbox.maxX, bbox.minY], [bbox.maxX, bbox.maxY], [bbox.minX, bbox.maxY], [bbox.minX, bbox.minY]]]
+             }] : [];
            }
 
+           var box = debug.selectAll('.debug-mouse').data(gj); // exit
 
-           drawOsm.enabled = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return enabled;
-               enabled = val;
+           box.exit().remove(); // enter/update
 
-               if (enabled) {
-                   showLayer();
-               } else {
-                   hideLayer();
-               }
+           box.enter().append('path').attr('class', 'debug debug-mouse yellow').merge(box).attr('d', d3_geoPath());
+         }
 
-               dispatch.call('change');
-               return this;
+         var throttleFilterLabels = throttle(filterLabels, 100);
+
+         drawLabels.observe = function (selection) {
+           var listener = function listener() {
+             throttleFilterLabels(selection);
            };
 
+           selection.on('mousemove.hidelabels', listener);
+           context.on('enter.hidelabels', listener);
+         };
+
+         drawLabels.off = function (selection) {
+           throttleFilterLabels.cancel();
+           selection.on('mousemove.hidelabels', null);
+           context.on('enter.hidelabels', null);
+         };
 
-           return drawOsm;
+         return drawLabels;
        }
 
-       var _notesEnabled = false;
-       var _osmService;
+       var _layerEnabled$1 = false;
 
+       var _qaService$1;
 
-       function svgNotes(projection, context, dispatch$1) {
-           if (!dispatch$1) { dispatch$1 = dispatch('change'); }
-           var throttledRedraw = throttle(function () { dispatch$1.call('change'); }, 1000);
-           var minZoom = 12;
-           var touchLayer = select(null);
-           var drawLayer = select(null);
-           var _notesVisible = false;
+       function svgImproveOSM(projection, context, dispatch) {
+         var throttledRedraw = throttle(function () {
+           return dispatch.call('change');
+         }, 1000);
 
+         var minZoom = 12;
+         var touchLayer = select(null);
+         var drawLayer = select(null);
+         var layerVisible = false;
 
-           function markerPath(selection, klass) {
-               selection
-                   .attr('class', klass)
-                   .attr('transform', 'translate(-8, -22)')
-                   .attr('d', 'm17.5,0l-15,0c-1.37,0 -2.5,1.12 -2.5,2.5l0,11.25c0,1.37 1.12,2.5 2.5,2.5l3.75,0l0,3.28c0,0.38 0.43,0.6 0.75,0.37l4.87,-3.65l5.62,0c1.37,0 2.5,-1.12 2.5,-2.5l0,-11.25c0,-1.37 -1.12,-2.5 -2.5,-2.5z');
-           }
+         function markerPath(selection, klass) {
+           selection.attr('class', klass).attr('transform', 'translate(-10, -28)').attr('points', '16,3 4,3 1,6 1,17 4,20 7,20 10,27 13,20 16,20 19,17.033 19,6');
+         } // Loosely-coupled improveOSM service for fetching issues
 
 
-           // Loosely-coupled osm service for fetching notes.
-           function getService() {
-               if (services.osm && !_osmService) {
-                   _osmService = services.osm;
-                   _osmService.on('loadedNotes', throttledRedraw);
-               } else if (!services.osm && _osmService) {
-                   _osmService = null;
-               }
+         function getService() {
+           if (services.improveOSM && !_qaService$1) {
+             _qaService$1 = services.improveOSM;
 
-               return _osmService;
+             _qaService$1.on('loaded', throttledRedraw);
+           } else if (!services.improveOSM && _qaService$1) {
+             _qaService$1 = null;
            }
 
-
-           // Show the notes
-           function editOn() {
-               if (!_notesVisible) {
-                   _notesVisible = true;
-                   drawLayer
-                       .style('display', 'block');
-               }
-           }
+           return _qaService$1;
+         } // Show the markers
 
 
-           // Immediately remove the notes and their touch targets
-           function editOff() {
-               if (_notesVisible) {
-                   _notesVisible = false;
-                   drawLayer
-                       .style('display', 'none');
-                   drawLayer.selectAll('.note')
-                       .remove();
-                   touchLayer.selectAll('.note')
-                       .remove();
-               }
+         function editOn() {
+           if (!layerVisible) {
+             layerVisible = true;
+             drawLayer.style('display', 'block');
            }
+         } // Immediately remove the markers and their touch targets
 
 
-           // Enable the layer.  This shows the notes and transitions them to visible.
-           function layerOn() {
-               editOn();
-
-               drawLayer
-                   .style('opacity', 0)
-                   .transition()
-                   .duration(250)
-                   .style('opacity', 1)
-                   .on('end interrupt', function () {
-                       dispatch$1.call('change');
-                   });
+         function editOff() {
+           if (layerVisible) {
+             layerVisible = false;
+             drawLayer.style('display', 'none');
+             drawLayer.selectAll('.qaItem.improveOSM').remove();
+             touchLayer.selectAll('.qaItem.improveOSM').remove();
            }
+         } // Enable the layer.  This shows the markers and transitions them to visible.
 
 
-           // Disable the layer.  This transitions the layer invisible and then hides the notes.
-           function layerOff() {
-               throttledRedraw.cancel();
-               drawLayer.interrupt();
-               touchLayer.selectAll('.note')
-                   .remove();
+         function layerOn() {
+           editOn();
+           drawLayer.style('opacity', 0).transition().duration(250).style('opacity', 1).on('end interrupt', function () {
+             return dispatch.call('change');
+           });
+         } // Disable the layer.  This transitions the layer invisible and then hides the markers.
 
-               drawLayer
-                   .transition()
-                   .duration(250)
-                   .style('opacity', 0)
-                   .on('end interrupt', function () {
-                       editOff();
-                       dispatch$1.call('change');
-                   });
-           }
 
+         function layerOff() {
+           throttledRedraw.cancel();
+           drawLayer.interrupt();
+           touchLayer.selectAll('.qaItem.improveOSM').remove();
+           drawLayer.transition().duration(250).style('opacity', 0).on('end interrupt', function () {
+             editOff();
+             dispatch.call('change');
+           });
+         } // Update the issue markers
 
-           // Update the note markers
-           function updateMarkers() {
-               if (!_notesVisible || !_notesEnabled) return;
-
-               var service = getService();
-               var selectedID = context.selectedNoteID();
-               var data = (service ? service.notes(projection) : []);
-               var getTransform = svgPointTransform(projection);
-
-               // Draw markers..
-               var notes = drawLayer.selectAll('.note')
-                   .data(data, function(d) { return d.status + d.id; });
-
-               // exit
-               notes.exit()
-                   .remove();
-
-               // enter
-               var notesEnter = notes.enter()
-                   .append('g')
-                   .attr('class', function(d) { return 'note note-' + d.id + ' ' + d.status; })
-                   .classed('new', function(d) { return d.id < 0; });
-
-               notesEnter
-                   .append('ellipse')
-                   .attr('cx', 0.5)
-                   .attr('cy', 1)
-                   .attr('rx', 6.5)
-                   .attr('ry', 3)
-                   .attr('class', 'stroke');
-
-               notesEnter
-                   .append('path')
-                   .call(markerPath, 'shadow');
-
-               notesEnter
-                   .append('use')
-                   .attr('class', 'note-fill')
-                   .attr('width', '20px')
-                   .attr('height', '20px')
-                   .attr('x', '-8px')
-                   .attr('y', '-22px')
-                   .attr('xlink:href', '#iD-icon-note');
-
-               notesEnter.selectAll('.icon-annotation')
-                   .data(function(d) { return [d]; })
-                   .enter()
-                   .append('use')
-                   .attr('class', 'icon-annotation')
-                   .attr('width', '10px')
-                   .attr('height', '10px')
-                   .attr('x', '-3px')
-                   .attr('y', '-19px')
-                   .attr('xlink:href', function(d) {
-                       return '#iD-icon-' + (d.id < 0 ? 'plus' : (d.status === 'open' ? 'close' : 'apply'));
-                   });
 
-               // update
-               notes
-                   .merge(notesEnter)
-                   .sort(sortY)
-                   .classed('selected', function(d) {
-                       var mode = context.mode();
-                       var isMoving = mode && mode.id === 'drag-note';  // no shadows when dragging
-                       return !isMoving && d.id === selectedID;
-                   })
-                   .attr('transform', getTransform);
+         function updateMarkers() {
+           if (!layerVisible || !_layerEnabled$1) return;
+           var service = getService();
+           var selectedID = context.selectedErrorID();
+           var data = service ? service.getItems(projection) : [];
+           var getTransform = svgPointTransform(projection); // Draw markers..
 
+           var markers = drawLayer.selectAll('.qaItem.improveOSM').data(data, function (d) {
+             return d.id;
+           }); // exit
 
-               // Draw targets..
-               if (touchLayer.empty()) return;
-               var fillClass = context.getDebug('target') ? 'pink ' : 'nocolor ';
+           markers.exit().remove(); // enter
 
-               var targets = touchLayer.selectAll('.note')
-                   .data(data, function(d) { return d.id; });
+           var markersEnter = markers.enter().append('g').attr('class', function (d) {
+             return "qaItem ".concat(d.service, " itemId-").concat(d.id, " itemType-").concat(d.itemType);
+           });
+           markersEnter.append('polygon').call(markerPath, 'shadow');
+           markersEnter.append('ellipse').attr('cx', 0).attr('cy', 0).attr('rx', 4.5).attr('ry', 2).attr('class', 'stroke');
+           markersEnter.append('polygon').attr('fill', 'currentColor').call(markerPath, 'qaItem-fill');
+           markersEnter.append('use').attr('transform', 'translate(-6.5, -23)').attr('class', 'icon-annotation').attr('width', '13px').attr('height', '13px').attr('xlink:href', function (d) {
+             var picon = d.icon;
 
-               // exit
-               targets.exit()
-                   .remove();
+             if (!picon) {
+               return '';
+             } else {
+               var isMaki = /^maki-/.test(picon);
+               return "#".concat(picon).concat(isMaki ? '-11' : '');
+             }
+           }); // update
 
-               // enter/update
-               targets.enter()
-                   .append('rect')
-                   .attr('width', '20px')
-                   .attr('height', '20px')
-                   .attr('x', '-8px')
-                   .attr('y', '-22px')
-                   .merge(targets)
-                   .sort(sortY)
-                   .attr('class', function(d) {
-                       var newClass = (d.id < 0 ? 'new' : '');
-                       return 'note target note-' + d.id + ' ' + fillClass + newClass;
-                   })
-                   .attr('transform', getTransform);
+           markers.merge(markersEnter).sort(sortY).classed('selected', function (d) {
+             return d.id === selectedID;
+           }).attr('transform', getTransform); // Draw targets..
 
+           if (touchLayer.empty()) return;
+           var fillClass = context.getDebug('target') ? 'pink ' : 'nocolor ';
+           var targets = touchLayer.selectAll('.qaItem.improveOSM').data(data, function (d) {
+             return d.id;
+           }); // exit
 
-               function sortY(a, b) {
-                   return (a.id === selectedID) ? 1 : (b.id === selectedID) ? -1 : b.loc[1] - a.loc[1];
-               }
-           }
+           targets.exit().remove(); // enter/update
 
+           targets.enter().append('rect').attr('width', '20px').attr('height', '30px').attr('x', '-10px').attr('y', '-28px').merge(targets).sort(sortY).attr('class', function (d) {
+             return "qaItem ".concat(d.service, " target ").concat(fillClass, " itemId-").concat(d.id);
+           }).attr('transform', getTransform);
 
-           // Draw the notes layer and schedule loading notes and updating markers.
-           function drawNotes(selection) {
-               var service = getService();
+           function sortY(a, b) {
+             return a.id === selectedID ? 1 : b.id === selectedID ? -1 : b.loc[1] - a.loc[1];
+           }
+         } // Draw the ImproveOSM layer and schedule loading issues and updating markers.
 
-               var surface = context.surface();
-               if (surface && !surface.empty()) {
-                   touchLayer = surface.selectAll('.data-layer.touch .layer-touch.markers');
-               }
 
-               drawLayer = selection.selectAll('.layer-notes')
-                   .data(service ? [0] : []);
+         function drawImproveOSM(selection) {
+           var service = getService();
+           var surface = context.surface();
 
-               drawLayer.exit()
-                   .remove();
+           if (surface && !surface.empty()) {
+             touchLayer = surface.selectAll('.data-layer.touch .layer-touch.markers');
+           }
 
-               drawLayer = drawLayer.enter()
-                   .append('g')
-                   .attr('class', 'layer-notes')
-                   .style('display', _notesEnabled ? 'block' : 'none')
-                   .merge(drawLayer);
+           drawLayer = selection.selectAll('.layer-improveOSM').data(service ? [0] : []);
+           drawLayer.exit().remove();
+           drawLayer = drawLayer.enter().append('g').attr('class', 'layer-improveOSM').style('display', _layerEnabled$1 ? 'block' : 'none').merge(drawLayer);
 
-               if (_notesEnabled) {
-                   if (service && ~~context.map().zoom() >= minZoom) {
-                       editOn();
-                       service.loadNotes(projection);
-                       updateMarkers();
-                   } else {
-                       editOff();
-                   }
-               }
+           if (_layerEnabled$1) {
+             if (service && ~~context.map().zoom() >= minZoom) {
+               editOn();
+               service.loadIssues(projection);
+               updateMarkers();
+             } else {
+               editOff();
+             }
            }
+         } // Toggles the layer on and off
 
 
-           // Toggles the layer on and off
-           drawNotes.enabled = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _notesEnabled;
+         drawImproveOSM.enabled = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _layerEnabled$1;
+           _layerEnabled$1 = val;
 
-               _notesEnabled = val;
-               if (_notesEnabled) {
-                   layerOn();
-               } else {
-                   layerOff();
-                   if (context.selectedNoteID()) {
-                       context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
-                   }
-               }
+           if (_layerEnabled$1) {
+             layerOn();
+           } else {
+             layerOff();
 
-               dispatch$1.call('change');
-               return this;
-           };
+             if (context.selectedErrorID()) {
+               context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+             }
+           }
+
+           dispatch.call('change');
+           return this;
+         };
 
+         drawImproveOSM.supported = function () {
+           return !!getService();
+         };
 
-           return drawNotes;
+         return drawImproveOSM;
        }
 
-       function svgTouch() {
-
-           function drawTouch(selection) {
-               selection.selectAll('.layer-touch')
-                   .data(['areas', 'lines', 'points', 'turns', 'markers'])
-                   .enter()
-                   .append('g')
-                   .attr('class', function(d) { return 'layer-touch ' + d; });
-           }
+       var _layerEnabled = false;
 
-           return drawTouch;
-       }
+       var _qaService;
 
-       function refresh(selection, node) {
-           var cr = node.getBoundingClientRect();
-           var prop = [cr.width, cr.height];
-           selection.property('__dimensions__', prop);
-           return prop;
-       }
+       function svgOsmose(projection, context, dispatch) {
+         var throttledRedraw = throttle(function () {
+           return dispatch.call('change');
+         }, 1000);
 
-       function utilGetDimensions(selection, force) {
-           if (!selection || selection.empty()) {
-               return [0, 0];
-           }
-           var node = selection.node(),
-               cached = selection.property('__dimensions__');
-           return (!cached || force) ? refresh(selection, node) : cached;
-       }
+         var minZoom = 12;
+         var touchLayer = select(null);
+         var drawLayer = select(null);
+         var layerVisible = false;
 
+         function markerPath(selection, klass) {
+           selection.attr('class', klass).attr('transform', 'translate(-10, -28)').attr('points', '16,3 4,3 1,6 1,17 4,20 7,20 10,27 13,20 16,20 19,17.033 19,6');
+         } // Loosely-coupled osmose service for fetching issues
 
-       function utilSetDimensions(selection, dimensions) {
-           if (!selection || selection.empty()) {
-               return selection;
-           }
-           var node = selection.node();
-           if (dimensions === null) {
-               refresh(selection, node);
-               return selection;
-           }
-           return selection
-               .property('__dimensions__', [dimensions[0], dimensions[1]])
-               .attr('width', dimensions[0])
-               .attr('height', dimensions[1]);
-       }
 
-       function svgLayers(projection, context) {
-           var dispatch$1 = dispatch('change');
-           var svg = select(null);
-           var _layers = [
-               { id: 'osm', layer: svgOsm(projection, context, dispatch$1) },
-               { id: 'notes', layer: svgNotes(projection, context, dispatch$1) },
-               { id: 'data', layer: svgData(projection, context, dispatch$1) },
-               { id: 'keepRight', layer: svgKeepRight(projection, context, dispatch$1) },
-               { id: 'improveOSM', layer: svgImproveOSM(projection, context, dispatch$1) },
-               { id: 'osmose', layer: svgOsmose(projection, context, dispatch$1) },
-               { id: 'streetside', layer: svgStreetside(projection, context, dispatch$1)},
-               { id: 'mapillary', layer: svgMapillaryImages(projection, context, dispatch$1) },
-               { id: 'mapillary-map-features',  layer: svgMapillaryMapFeatures(projection, context, dispatch$1) },
-               { id: 'mapillary-signs',  layer: svgMapillarySigns(projection, context, dispatch$1) },
-               { id: 'openstreetcam', layer: svgOpenstreetcamImages(projection, context, dispatch$1) },
-               { id: 'debug', layer: svgDebug(projection, context) },
-               { id: 'geolocate', layer: svgGeolocate(projection) },
-               { id: 'touch', layer: svgTouch() }
-           ];
-
-
-           function drawLayers(selection) {
-               svg = selection.selectAll('.surface')
-                   .data([0]);
-
-               svg = svg.enter()
-                   .append('svg')
-                   .attr('class', 'surface')
-                   .merge(svg);
-
-               var defs = svg.selectAll('.surface-defs')
-                   .data([0]);
-
-               defs.enter()
-                   .append('defs')
-                   .attr('class', 'surface-defs');
-
-               var groups = svg.selectAll('.data-layer')
-                   .data(_layers);
-
-               groups.exit()
-                   .remove();
-
-               groups.enter()
-                   .append('g')
-                   .attr('class', function(d) { return 'data-layer ' + d.id; })
-                   .merge(groups)
-                   .each(function(d) { select(this).call(d.layer); });
-           }
-
-
-           drawLayers.all = function() {
-               return _layers;
-           };
+         function getService() {
+           if (services.osmose && !_qaService) {
+             _qaService = services.osmose;
 
+             _qaService.on('loaded', throttledRedraw);
+           } else if (!services.osmose && _qaService) {
+             _qaService = null;
+           }
 
-           drawLayers.layer = function(id) {
-               var obj = _layers.find(function(o) { return o.id === id; });
-               return obj && obj.layer;
-           };
+           return _qaService;
+         } // Show the markers
 
 
-           drawLayers.only = function(what) {
-               var arr = [].concat(what);
-               var all = _layers.map(function(layer) { return layer.id; });
-               return drawLayers.remove(utilArrayDifference(all, arr));
-           };
+         function editOn() {
+           if (!layerVisible) {
+             layerVisible = true;
+             drawLayer.style('display', 'block');
+           }
+         } // Immediately remove the markers and their touch targets
 
 
-           drawLayers.remove = function(what) {
-               var arr = [].concat(what);
-               arr.forEach(function(id) {
-                   _layers = _layers.filter(function(o) { return o.id !== id; });
-               });
-               dispatch$1.call('change');
-               return this;
-           };
+         function editOff() {
+           if (layerVisible) {
+             layerVisible = false;
+             drawLayer.style('display', 'none');
+             drawLayer.selectAll('.qaItem.osmose').remove();
+             touchLayer.selectAll('.qaItem.osmose').remove();
+           }
+         } // Enable the layer.  This shows the markers and transitions them to visible.
 
 
-           drawLayers.add = function(what) {
-               var arr = [].concat(what);
-               arr.forEach(function(obj) {
-                   if ('id' in obj && 'layer' in obj) {
-                       _layers.push(obj);
-                   }
-               });
-               dispatch$1.call('change');
-               return this;
-           };
+         function layerOn() {
+           editOn();
+           drawLayer.style('opacity', 0).transition().duration(250).style('opacity', 1).on('end interrupt', function () {
+             return dispatch.call('change');
+           });
+         } // Disable the layer.  This transitions the layer invisible and then hides the markers.
 
 
-           drawLayers.dimensions = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return utilGetDimensions(svg);
-               utilSetDimensions(svg, val);
-               return this;
-           };
+         function layerOff() {
+           throttledRedraw.cancel();
+           drawLayer.interrupt();
+           touchLayer.selectAll('.qaItem.osmose').remove();
+           drawLayer.transition().duration(250).style('opacity', 0).on('end interrupt', function () {
+             editOff();
+             dispatch.call('change');
+           });
+         } // Update the issue markers
 
 
-           return utilRebind(drawLayers, dispatch$1, 'on');
-       }
+         function updateMarkers() {
+           if (!layerVisible || !_layerEnabled) return;
+           var service = getService();
+           var selectedID = context.selectedErrorID();
+           var data = service ? service.getItems(projection) : [];
+           var getTransform = svgPointTransform(projection); // Draw markers..
 
-       function svgLines(projection, context) {
-           var detected = utilDetect();
+           var markers = drawLayer.selectAll('.qaItem.osmose').data(data, function (d) {
+             return d.id;
+           }); // exit
 
-           var highway_stack = {
-               motorway: 0,
-               motorway_link: 1,
-               trunk: 2,
-               trunk_link: 3,
-               primary: 4,
-               primary_link: 5,
-               secondary: 6,
-               tertiary: 7,
-               unclassified: 8,
-               residential: 9,
-               service: 10,
-               footway: 11
-           };
+           markers.exit().remove(); // enter
 
+           var markersEnter = markers.enter().append('g').attr('class', function (d) {
+             return "qaItem ".concat(d.service, " itemId-").concat(d.id, " itemType-").concat(d.itemType);
+           });
+           markersEnter.append('polygon').call(markerPath, 'shadow');
+           markersEnter.append('ellipse').attr('cx', 0).attr('cy', 0).attr('rx', 4.5).attr('ry', 2).attr('class', 'stroke');
+           markersEnter.append('polygon').attr('fill', function (d) {
+             return service.getColor(d.item);
+           }).call(markerPath, 'qaItem-fill');
+           markersEnter.append('use').attr('transform', 'translate(-6.5, -23)').attr('class', 'icon-annotation').attr('width', '13px').attr('height', '13px').attr('xlink:href', function (d) {
+             var picon = d.icon;
+
+             if (!picon) {
+               return '';
+             } else {
+               var isMaki = /^maki-/.test(picon);
+               return "#".concat(picon).concat(isMaki ? '-11' : '');
+             }
+           }); // update
 
-           function drawTargets(selection, graph, entities, filter) {
-               var targetClass = context.getDebug('target') ? 'pink ' : 'nocolor ';
-               var nopeClass = context.getDebug('target') ? 'red ' : 'nocolor ';
-               var getPath = svgPath(projection).geojson;
-               var activeID = context.activeID();
-               var base = context.history().base();
+           markers.merge(markersEnter).sort(sortY).classed('selected', function (d) {
+             return d.id === selectedID;
+           }).attr('transform', getTransform); // Draw targets..
 
-               // The targets and nopes will be MultiLineString sub-segments of the ways
-               var data = { targets: [], nopes: [] };
+           if (touchLayer.empty()) return;
+           var fillClass = context.getDebug('target') ? 'pink' : 'nocolor';
+           var targets = touchLayer.selectAll('.qaItem.osmose').data(data, function (d) {
+             return d.id;
+           }); // exit
 
-               entities.forEach(function(way) {
-                   var features = svgSegmentWay(way, graph, activeID);
-                   data.targets.push.apply(data.targets, features.passive);
-                   data.nopes.push.apply(data.nopes, features.active);
-               });
+           targets.exit().remove(); // enter/update
 
+           targets.enter().append('rect').attr('width', '20px').attr('height', '30px').attr('x', '-10px').attr('y', '-28px').merge(targets).sort(sortY).attr('class', function (d) {
+             return "qaItem ".concat(d.service, " target ").concat(fillClass, " itemId-").concat(d.id);
+           }).attr('transform', getTransform);
 
-               // Targets allow hover and vertex snapping
-               var targetData = data.targets.filter(getPath);
-               var targets = selection.selectAll('.line.target-allowed')
-                   .filter(function(d) { return filter(d.properties.entity); })
-                   .data(targetData, function key(d) { return d.id; });
+           function sortY(a, b) {
+             return a.id === selectedID ? 1 : b.id === selectedID ? -1 : b.loc[1] - a.loc[1];
+           }
+         } // Draw the Osmose layer and schedule loading issues and updating markers.
 
-               // exit
-               targets.exit()
-                   .remove();
 
-               var segmentWasEdited = function(d) {
-                   var wayID = d.properties.entity.id;
-                   // if the whole line was edited, don't draw segment changes
-                   if (!base.entities[wayID] ||
-                       !fastDeepEqual(graph.entities[wayID].nodes, base.entities[wayID].nodes)) {
-                       return false;
-                   }
-                   return d.properties.nodes.some(function(n) {
-                       return !base.entities[n.id] ||
-                              !fastDeepEqual(graph.entities[n.id].loc, base.entities[n.id].loc);
-                   });
-               };
+         function drawOsmose(selection) {
+           var service = getService();
+           var surface = context.surface();
 
-               // enter/update
-               targets.enter()
-                   .append('path')
-                   .merge(targets)
-                   .attr('d', getPath)
-                   .attr('class', function(d) {
-                       return 'way line target target-allowed ' + targetClass + d.id;
-                   })
-                   .classed('segment-edited', segmentWasEdited);
-
-               // NOPE
-               var nopeData = data.nopes.filter(getPath);
-               var nopes = selection.selectAll('.line.target-nope')
-                   .filter(function(d) { return filter(d.properties.entity); })
-                   .data(nopeData, function key(d) { return d.id; });
-
-               // exit
-               nopes.exit()
-                   .remove();
-
-               // enter/update
-               nopes.enter()
-                   .append('path')
-                   .merge(nopes)
-                   .attr('d', getPath)
-                   .attr('class', function(d) {
-                       return 'way line target target-nope ' + nopeClass + d.id;
-                   })
-                   .classed('segment-edited', segmentWasEdited);
-           }
-
-
-           function drawLines(selection, graph, entities, filter) {
-               var base = context.history().base();
-
-               function waystack(a, b) {
-                   var selected = context.selectedIDs();
-                   var scoreA = selected.indexOf(a.id) !== -1 ? 20 : 0;
-                   var scoreB = selected.indexOf(b.id) !== -1 ? 20 : 0;
-
-                   if (a.tags.highway) { scoreA -= highway_stack[a.tags.highway]; }
-                   if (b.tags.highway) { scoreB -= highway_stack[b.tags.highway]; }
-                   return scoreA - scoreB;
-               }
-
-
-               function drawLineGroup(selection, klass, isSelected) {
-                   // Note: Don't add `.selected` class in draw modes
-                   var mode = context.mode();
-                   var isDrawing = mode && /^draw/.test(mode.id);
-                   var selectedClass = (!isDrawing && isSelected) ? 'selected ' : '';
-
-                   var lines = selection
-                       .selectAll('path')
-                       .filter(filter)
-                       .data(getPathData(isSelected), osmEntity.key);
-
-                   lines.exit()
-                       .remove();
-
-                   // Optimization: Call expensive TagClasses only on enter selection. This
-                   // works because osmEntity.key is defined to include the entity v attribute.
-                   lines.enter()
-                       .append('path')
-                       .attr('class', function(d) {
-
-                           var prefix = 'way line';
-
-                           // if this line isn't styled by its own tags
-                           if (!d.hasInterestingTags()) {
-
-                               var parentRelations = graph.parentRelations(d);
-                               var parentMultipolygons = parentRelations.filter(function(relation) {
-                                   return relation.isMultipolygon();
-                               });
-
-                               // and if it's a member of at least one multipolygon relation
-                               if (parentMultipolygons.length > 0 &&
-                                   // and only multipolygon relations
-                                   parentRelations.length === parentMultipolygons.length) {
-                                   // then fudge the classes to style this as an area edge
-                                   prefix = 'relation area';
-                               }
-                           }
+           if (surface && !surface.empty()) {
+             touchLayer = surface.selectAll('.data-layer.touch .layer-touch.markers');
+           }
 
-                           var oldMPClass = oldMultiPolygonOuters[d.id] ? 'old-multipolygon ' : '';
-                           return prefix + ' ' + klass + ' ' + selectedClass + oldMPClass + d.id;
-                       })
-                       .classed('added', function(d) {
-                           return !base.entities[d.id];
-                       })
-                       .classed('geometry-edited', function(d) {
-                           return graph.entities[d.id] &&
-                               base.entities[d.id] &&
-                               !fastDeepEqual(graph.entities[d.id].nodes, base.entities[d.id].nodes);
-                       })
-                       .classed('retagged', function(d) {
-                           return graph.entities[d.id] &&
-                               base.entities[d.id] &&
-                               !fastDeepEqual(graph.entities[d.id].tags, base.entities[d.id].tags);
-                       })
-                       .call(svgTagClasses())
-                       .merge(lines)
-                       .sort(waystack)
-                       .attr('d', getPath)
-                       .call(svgTagClasses().tags(svgRelationMemberTags(graph)));
+           drawLayer = selection.selectAll('.layer-osmose').data(service ? [0] : []);
+           drawLayer.exit().remove();
+           drawLayer = drawLayer.enter().append('g').attr('class', 'layer-osmose').style('display', _layerEnabled ? 'block' : 'none').merge(drawLayer);
 
-                   return selection;
-               }
+           if (_layerEnabled) {
+             if (service && ~~context.map().zoom() >= minZoom) {
+               editOn();
+               service.loadIssues(projection);
+               updateMarkers();
+             } else {
+               editOff();
+             }
+           }
+         } // Toggles the layer on and off
 
 
-               function getPathData(isSelected) {
-                   return function() {
-                       var layer = this.parentNode.__data__;
-                       var data = pathdata[layer] || [];
-                       return data.filter(function(d) {
-                           if (isSelected)
-                               return context.selectedIDs().indexOf(d.id) !== -1;
-                           else
-                               return context.selectedIDs().indexOf(d.id) === -1;
-                       });
-                   };
-               }
+         drawOsmose.enabled = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _layerEnabled;
+           _layerEnabled = val;
 
-               function addMarkers(layergroup, pathclass, groupclass, groupdata, marker) {
-                   var markergroup = layergroup
-                       .selectAll('g.' + groupclass)
-                       .data([pathclass]);
+           if (_layerEnabled) {
+             // Strings supplied by Osmose fetched before showing layer for first time
+             // NOTE: Currently no way to change locale in iD at runtime, would need to re-call this method if that's ever implemented
+             // Also, If layer is toggled quickly multiple requests are sent
+             getService().loadStrings().then(layerOn)["catch"](function (err) {
+               console.log(err); // eslint-disable-line no-console
+             });
+           } else {
+             layerOff();
 
-                   markergroup = markergroup.enter()
-                       .append('g')
-                       .attr('class', groupclass)
-                       .merge(markergroup);
+             if (context.selectedErrorID()) {
+               context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+             }
+           }
 
-                   var markers = markergroup
-                       .selectAll('path')
-                       .filter(filter)
-                       .data(
-                           function data() { return groupdata[this.parentNode.__data__] || []; },
-                           function key(d) { return [d.id, d.index]; }
-                       );
+           dispatch.call('change');
+           return this;
+         };
 
-                   markers.exit()
-                       .remove();
+         drawOsmose.supported = function () {
+           return !!getService();
+         };
 
-                   markers = markers.enter()
-                       .append('path')
-                       .attr('class', pathclass)
-                       .merge(markers)
-                       .attr('marker-mid', marker)
-                       .attr('d', function(d) { return d.d; });
+         return drawOsmose;
+       }
 
-                   if (detected.ie) {
-                       markers.each(function() { this.parentNode.insertBefore(this, this); });
-                   }
-               }
+       function svgStreetside(projection, context, dispatch) {
+         var throttledRedraw = throttle(function () {
+           dispatch.call('change');
+         }, 1000);
 
+         var minZoom = 14;
+         var minMarkerZoom = 16;
+         var minViewfieldZoom = 18;
+         var layer = select(null);
+         var _viewerYaw = 0;
+         var _selectedSequence = null;
 
-               var getPath = svgPath(projection, graph);
-               var ways = [];
-               var onewaydata = {};
-               var sideddata = {};
-               var oldMultiPolygonOuters = {};
+         var _streetside;
+         /**
+          * init().
+          */
 
-               for (var i = 0; i < entities.length; i++) {
-                   var entity = entities[i];
-                   var outer = osmOldMultipolygonOuterMember(entity, graph);
-                   if (outer) {
-                       ways.push(entity.mergeTags(outer.tags));
-                       oldMultiPolygonOuters[outer.id] = true;
-                   } else if (entity.geometry(graph) === 'line') {
-                       ways.push(entity);
-                   }
-               }
 
-               ways = ways.filter(getPath);
-               var pathdata = utilArrayGroupBy(ways, function(way) { return way.layer(); });
+         function init() {
+           if (svgStreetside.initialized) return; // run once
 
-               Object.keys(pathdata).forEach(function(k) {
-                   var v = pathdata[k];
-                   var onewayArr = v.filter(function(d) { return d.isOneWay(); });
-                   var onewaySegments = svgMarkerSegments(
-                       projection, graph, 35,
-                       function shouldReverse(entity) { return entity.tags.oneway === '-1'; },
-                       function bothDirections(entity) {
-                           return entity.tags.oneway === 'reversible' || entity.tags.oneway === 'alternating';
-                       }
-                   );
-                   onewaydata[k] = utilArrayFlatten(onewayArr.map(onewaySegments));
-
-                   var sidedArr = v.filter(function(d) { return d.isSided(); });
-                   var sidedSegments = svgMarkerSegments(
-                       projection, graph, 30,
-                       function shouldReverse() { return false; },
-                       function bothDirections() { return false; }
-                   );
-                   sideddata[k] = utilArrayFlatten(sidedArr.map(sidedSegments));
-               });
+           svgStreetside.enabled = false;
+           svgStreetside.initialized = true;
+         }
+         /**
+          * getService().
+          */
 
 
-               var covered = selection.selectAll('.layer-osm.covered');     // under areas
-               var uncovered = selection.selectAll('.layer-osm.lines');     // over areas
-               var touchLayer = selection.selectAll('.layer-touch.lines');
-
-               // Draw lines..
-               [covered, uncovered].forEach(function(selection) {
-                   var range = (selection === covered ? range$1(-10,0) : range$1(0,11));
-                   var layergroup = selection
-                       .selectAll('g.layergroup')
-                       .data(range);
-
-                   layergroup = layergroup.enter()
-                       .append('g')
-                       .attr('class', function(d) { return 'layergroup layer' + String(d); })
-                       .merge(layergroup);
-
-                   layergroup
-                       .selectAll('g.linegroup')
-                       .data(['shadow', 'casing', 'stroke', 'shadow-highlighted', 'casing-highlighted', 'stroke-highlighted'])
-                       .enter()
-                       .append('g')
-                       .attr('class', function(d) { return 'linegroup line-' + d; });
-
-                   layergroup.selectAll('g.line-shadow')
-                       .call(drawLineGroup, 'shadow', false);
-                   layergroup.selectAll('g.line-casing')
-                       .call(drawLineGroup, 'casing', false);
-                   layergroup.selectAll('g.line-stroke')
-                       .call(drawLineGroup, 'stroke', false);
-
-                   layergroup.selectAll('g.line-shadow-highlighted')
-                       .call(drawLineGroup, 'shadow', true);
-                   layergroup.selectAll('g.line-casing-highlighted')
-                       .call(drawLineGroup, 'casing', true);
-                   layergroup.selectAll('g.line-stroke-highlighted')
-                       .call(drawLineGroup, 'stroke', true);
-
-                   addMarkers(layergroup, 'oneway', 'onewaygroup', onewaydata, 'url(#ideditor-oneway-marker)');
-                   addMarkers(layergroup, 'sided', 'sidedgroup', sideddata,
-                       function marker(d) {
-                           var category = graph.entity(d.id).sidednessIdentifier();
-                           return 'url(#ideditor-sided-marker-' + category + ')';
-                       }
-                   );
-               });
+         function getService() {
+           if (services.streetside && !_streetside) {
+             _streetside = services.streetside;
 
-               // Draw touch targets..
-               touchLayer
-                   .call(drawTargets, graph, ways, filter);
+             _streetside.event.on('viewerChanged.svgStreetside', viewerChanged).on('loadedImages.svgStreetside', throttledRedraw);
+           } else if (!services.streetside && _streetside) {
+             _streetside = null;
            }
 
+           return _streetside;
+         }
+         /**
+          * showLayer().
+          */
 
-           return drawLines;
-       }
 
-       function svgMidpoints(projection, context) {
-           var targetRadius = 8;
+         function showLayer() {
+           var service = getService();
+           if (!service) return;
+           editOn();
+           layer.style('opacity', 0).transition().duration(250).style('opacity', 1).on('end', function () {
+             dispatch.call('change');
+           });
+         }
+         /**
+          * hideLayer().
+          */
 
-           function drawTargets(selection, graph, entities, filter) {
-               var fillClass = context.getDebug('target') ? 'pink ' : 'nocolor ';
-               var getTransform = svgPointTransform(projection).geojson;
 
-               var data = entities.map(function(midpoint) {
-                   return {
-                       type: 'Feature',
-                       id: midpoint.id,
-                       properties: {
-                           target: true,
-                           entity: midpoint
-                       },
-                       geometry: {
-                           type: 'Point',
-                           coordinates: midpoint.loc
-                       }
-                   };
-               });
+         function hideLayer() {
+           throttledRedraw.cancel();
+           layer.transition().duration(250).style('opacity', 0).on('end', editOff);
+         }
+         /**
+          * editOn().
+          */
+
 
-               var targets = selection.selectAll('.midpoint.target')
-                   .filter(function(d) { return filter(d.properties.entity); })
-                   .data(data, function key(d) { return d.id; });
+         function editOn() {
+           layer.style('display', 'block');
+         }
+         /**
+          * editOff().
+          */
 
-               // exit
-               targets.exit()
-                   .remove();
 
-               // enter/update
-               targets.enter()
-                   .append('circle')
-                   .attr('r', targetRadius)
-                   .merge(targets)
-                   .attr('class', function(d) { return 'node midpoint target ' + fillClass + d.id; })
-                   .attr('transform', getTransform);
-           }
+         function editOff() {
+           layer.selectAll('.viewfield-group').remove();
+           layer.style('display', 'none');
+         }
+         /**
+          * click() Handles 'bubble' point click event.
+          */
 
 
-           function drawMidpoints(selection, graph, entities, filter, extent) {
-               var drawLayer = selection.selectAll('.layer-osm.points .points-group.midpoints');
-               var touchLayer = selection.selectAll('.layer-touch.points');
+         function click(d3_event, d) {
+           var service = getService();
+           if (!service) return; // try to preserve the viewer rotation when staying on the same sequence
 
-               var mode = context.mode();
-               if ((mode && mode.id !== 'select') || !context.map().withinEditableZoom()) {
-                   drawLayer.selectAll('.midpoint').remove();
-                   touchLayer.selectAll('.midpoint.target').remove();
-                   return;
-               }
+           if (d.sequenceKey !== _selectedSequence) {
+             _viewerYaw = 0; // reset
+           }
 
-               var poly = extent.polygon();
-               var midpoints = {};
+           _selectedSequence = d.sequenceKey;
+           service.ensureViewerLoaded(context).then(function () {
+             service.selectImage(context, d.key).yaw(_viewerYaw).showViewer(context);
+           });
+           context.map().centerEase(d.loc);
+         }
+         /**
+          * mouseover().
+          */
 
-               for (var i = 0; i < entities.length; i++) {
-                   var entity = entities[i];
 
-                   if (entity.type !== 'way') continue;
-                   if (!filter(entity)) continue;
-                   if (context.selectedIDs().indexOf(entity.id) < 0) continue;
+         function mouseover(d3_event, d) {
+           var service = getService();
+           if (service) service.setStyles(context, d);
+         }
+         /**
+          * mouseout().
+          */
 
-                   var nodes = graph.childNodes(entity);
-                   for (var j = 0; j < nodes.length - 1; j++) {
-                       var a = nodes[j];
-                       var b = nodes[j + 1];
-                       var id = [a.id, b.id].sort().join('-');
 
-                       if (midpoints[id]) {
-                           midpoints[id].parents.push(entity);
-                       } else if (geoVecLength(projection(a.loc), projection(b.loc)) > 40) {
-                           var point = geoVecInterp(a.loc, b.loc, 0.5);
-                           var loc = null;
+         function mouseout() {
+           var service = getService();
+           if (service) service.setStyles(context, null);
+         }
+         /**
+          * transform().
+          */
 
-                           if (extent.intersects(point)) {
-                               loc = point;
-                           } else {
-                               for (var k = 0; k < 4; k++) {
-                                   point = geoLineIntersection([a.loc, b.loc], [poly[k], poly[k + 1]]);
-                                   if (point &&
-                                       geoVecLength(projection(a.loc), projection(point)) > 20 &&
-                                       geoVecLength(projection(b.loc), projection(point)) > 20)
-                                   {
-                                       loc = point;
-                                       break;
-                                   }
-                               }
-                           }
 
-                           if (loc) {
-                               midpoints[id] = {
-                                   type: 'midpoint',
-                                   id: id,
-                                   loc: loc,
-                                   edge: [a.id, b.id],
-                                   parents: [entity]
-                               };
-                           }
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
+         function transform(d) {
+           var t = svgPointTransform(projection)(d);
+           var rot = d.ca + _viewerYaw;
 
+           if (rot) {
+             t += ' rotate(' + Math.floor(rot) + ',0,0)';
+           }
 
-               function midpointFilter(d) {
-                   if (midpoints[d.id])
-                       return true;
+           return t;
+         }
 
-                   for (var i = 0; i < d.parents.length; i++) {
-                       if (filter(d.parents[i])) {
-                           return true;
-                       }
-                   }
+         function viewerChanged() {
+           var service = getService();
+           if (!service) return;
+           var viewer = service.viewer();
+           if (!viewer) return; // update viewfield rotation
 
-                   return false;
-               }
+           _viewerYaw = viewer.getYaw(); // avoid updating if the map is currently transformed
+           // e.g. during drags or easing.
 
+           if (context.map().isTransformed()) return;
+           layer.selectAll('.viewfield-group.currentView').attr('transform', transform);
+         }
 
-               var groups = drawLayer.selectAll('.midpoint')
-                   .filter(midpointFilter)
-                   .data(Object.values(midpoints), function(d) { return d.id; });
+         function filterBubbles(bubbles) {
+           var fromDate = context.photos().fromDate();
+           var toDate = context.photos().toDate();
+           var usernames = context.photos().usernames();
 
-               groups.exit()
-                   .remove();
+           if (fromDate) {
+             var fromTimestamp = new Date(fromDate).getTime();
+             bubbles = bubbles.filter(function (bubble) {
+               return new Date(bubble.captured_at).getTime() >= fromTimestamp;
+             });
+           }
 
-               var enter = groups.enter()
-                   .insert('g', ':first-child')
-                   .attr('class', 'midpoint');
+           if (toDate) {
+             var toTimestamp = new Date(toDate).getTime();
+             bubbles = bubbles.filter(function (bubble) {
+               return new Date(bubble.captured_at).getTime() <= toTimestamp;
+             });
+           }
 
-               enter
-                   .append('polygon')
-                   .attr('points', '-6,8 10,0 -6,-8')
-                   .attr('class', 'shadow');
+           if (usernames) {
+             bubbles = bubbles.filter(function (bubble) {
+               return usernames.indexOf(bubble.captured_by) !== -1;
+             });
+           }
 
-               enter
-                   .append('polygon')
-                   .attr('points', '-3,4 5,0 -3,-4')
-                   .attr('class', 'fill');
+           return bubbles;
+         }
 
-               groups = groups
-                   .merge(enter)
-                   .attr('transform', function(d) {
-                       var translate = svgPointTransform(projection);
-                       var a = graph.entity(d.edge[0]);
-                       var b = graph.entity(d.edge[1]);
-                       var angle = geoAngle(a, b, projection) * (180 / Math.PI);
-                       return translate(d) + ' rotate(' + angle + ')';
-                   })
-                   .call(svgTagClasses().tags(
-                       function(d) { return d.parents[0].tags; }
-                   ));
+         function filterSequences(sequences) {
+           var fromDate = context.photos().fromDate();
+           var toDate = context.photos().toDate();
+           var usernames = context.photos().usernames();
 
-               // Propagate data bindings.
-               groups.select('polygon.shadow');
-               groups.select('polygon.fill');
+           if (fromDate) {
+             var fromTimestamp = new Date(fromDate).getTime();
+             sequences = sequences.filter(function (sequences) {
+               return new Date(sequences.properties.captured_at).getTime() >= fromTimestamp;
+             });
+           }
 
+           if (toDate) {
+             var toTimestamp = new Date(toDate).getTime();
+             sequences = sequences.filter(function (sequences) {
+               return new Date(sequences.properties.captured_at).getTime() <= toTimestamp;
+             });
+           }
 
-               // Draw touch targets..
-               touchLayer
-                   .call(drawTargets, graph, Object.values(midpoints), midpointFilter);
+           if (usernames) {
+             sequences = sequences.filter(function (sequences) {
+               return usernames.indexOf(sequences.properties.captured_by) !== -1;
+             });
            }
 
-           return drawMidpoints;
-       }
+           return sequences;
+         }
+         /**
+          * update().
+          */
 
-       function svgPoints(projection, context) {
 
-           function markerPath(selection, klass) {
-               selection
-                   .attr('class', klass)
-                   .attr('transform', 'translate(-8, -23)')
-                   .attr('d', 'M 17,8 C 17,13 11,21 8.5,23.5 C 6,21 0,13 0,8 C 0,4 4,-0.5 8.5,-0.5 C 13,-0.5 17,4 17,8 z');
-           }
+         function update() {
+           var viewer = context.container().select('.photoviewer');
+           var selected = viewer.empty() ? undefined : viewer.datum();
+           var z = ~~context.map().zoom();
+           var showMarkers = z >= minMarkerZoom;
+           var showViewfields = z >= minViewfieldZoom;
+           var service = getService();
+           var sequences = [];
+           var bubbles = [];
 
-           function sortY(a, b) {
-               return b.loc[1] - a.loc[1];
+           if (context.photos().showsPanoramic()) {
+             sequences = service ? service.sequences(projection) : [];
+             bubbles = service && showMarkers ? service.bubbles(projection) : [];
+             sequences = filterSequences(sequences);
+             bubbles = filterBubbles(bubbles);
            }
 
+           var traces = layer.selectAll('.sequences').selectAll('.sequence').data(sequences, function (d) {
+             return d.properties.key;
+           }); // exit
 
-           // Avoid exit/enter if we're just moving stuff around.
-           // The node will get a new version but we only need to run the update selection.
-           function fastEntityKey(d) {
-               var mode = context.mode();
-               var isMoving = mode && /^(add|draw|drag|move|rotate)/.test(mode.id);
-               return isMoving ? d.id : osmEntity.key(d);
-           }
+           traces.exit().remove(); // enter/update
 
+           traces = traces.enter().append('path').attr('class', 'sequence').merge(traces).attr('d', svgPath(projection).geojson);
+           var groups = layer.selectAll('.markers').selectAll('.viewfield-group').data(bubbles, function (d) {
+             // force reenter once bubbles are attached to a sequence
+             return d.key + (d.sequenceKey ? 'v1' : 'v0');
+           }); // exit
 
-           function drawTargets(selection, graph, entities, filter) {
-               var fillClass = context.getDebug('target') ? 'pink ' : 'nocolor ';
-               var getTransform = svgPointTransform(projection).geojson;
-               var activeID = context.activeID();
-               var data = [];
+           groups.exit().remove(); // enter
 
-               entities.forEach(function(node) {
-                   if (activeID === node.id) return;   // draw no target on the activeID
+           var groupsEnter = groups.enter().append('g').attr('class', 'viewfield-group').on('mouseenter', mouseover).on('mouseleave', mouseout).on('click', click);
+           groupsEnter.append('g').attr('class', 'viewfield-scale'); // update
 
-                   data.push({
-                       type: 'Feature',
-                       id: node.id,
-                       properties: {
-                           target: true,
-                           entity: node
-                       },
-                       geometry: node.asGeoJSON()
-                   });
-               });
+           var markers = groups.merge(groupsEnter).sort(function (a, b) {
+             return a === selected ? 1 : b === selected ? -1 : b.loc[1] - a.loc[1];
+           }).attr('transform', transform).select('.viewfield-scale');
+           markers.selectAll('circle').data([0]).enter().append('circle').attr('dx', '0').attr('dy', '0').attr('r', '6');
+           var viewfields = markers.selectAll('.viewfield').data(showViewfields ? [0] : []);
+           viewfields.exit().remove(); // viewfields may or may not be drawn...
+           // but if they are, draw below the circles
 
-               var targets = selection.selectAll('.point.target')
-                   .filter(function(d) { return filter(d.properties.entity); })
-                   .data(data, function key(d) { return d.id; });
-
-               // exit
-               targets.exit()
-                   .remove();
-
-               // enter/update
-               targets.enter()
-                   .append('rect')
-                   .attr('x', -10)
-                   .attr('y', -26)
-                   .attr('width', 20)
-                   .attr('height', 30)
-                   .merge(targets)
-                   .attr('class', function(d) { return 'node point target ' + fillClass + d.id; })
-                   .attr('transform', getTransform);
-           }
-
-
-           function drawPoints(selection, graph, entities, filter) {
-               var wireframe = context.surface().classed('fill-wireframe');
-               var zoom = geoScaleToZoom(projection.scale());
-               var base = context.history().base();
-
-               // Points with a direction will render as vertices at higher zooms..
-               function renderAsPoint(entity) {
-                   return entity.geometry(graph) === 'point' &&
-                       !(zoom >= 18 && entity.directions(graph, projection).length);
-               }
-
-               // All points will render as vertices in wireframe mode too..
-               var points = wireframe ? [] : entities.filter(renderAsPoint);
-               points.sort(sortY);
-
-
-               var drawLayer = selection.selectAll('.layer-osm.points .points-group.points');
-               var touchLayer = selection.selectAll('.layer-touch.points');
-
-               // Draw points..
-               var groups = drawLayer.selectAll('g.point')
-                   .filter(filter)
-                   .data(points, fastEntityKey);
-
-               groups.exit()
-                   .remove();
-
-               var enter = groups.enter()
-                   .append('g')
-                   .attr('class', function(d) { return 'node point ' + d.id; })
-                   .order();
-
-               enter
-                   .append('path')
-                   .call(markerPath, 'shadow');
-
-               enter
-                   .append('ellipse')
-                   .attr('cx', 0.5)
-                   .attr('cy', 1)
-                   .attr('rx', 6.5)
-                   .attr('ry', 3)
-                   .attr('class', 'stroke');
-
-               enter
-                   .append('path')
-                   .call(markerPath, 'stroke');
-
-               enter
-                   .append('use')
-                   .attr('transform', 'translate(-5, -19)')
-                   .attr('class', 'icon')
-                   .attr('width', '11px')
-                   .attr('height', '11px');
-
-               groups = groups
-                   .merge(enter)
-                   .attr('transform', svgPointTransform(projection))
-                   .classed('added', function(d) {
-                       return !base.entities[d.id]; // if it doesn't exist in the base graph, it's new
-                   })
-                   .classed('moved', function(d) {
-                       return base.entities[d.id] && !fastDeepEqual(graph.entities[d.id].loc, base.entities[d.id].loc);
-                   })
-                   .classed('retagged', function(d) {
-                       return base.entities[d.id] && !fastDeepEqual(graph.entities[d.id].tags, base.entities[d.id].tags);
-                   })
-                   .call(svgTagClasses());
-
-               groups.select('.shadow');   // propagate bound data
-               groups.select('.stroke');   // propagate bound data
-               groups.select('.icon')      // propagate bound data
-                   .attr('xlink:href', function(entity) {
-                       var preset = _mainPresetIndex.match(entity, graph);
-                       var picon = preset && preset.icon;
-
-                       if (!picon) {
-                           return '';
-                       } else {
-                           var isMaki = /^maki-/.test(picon);
-                           return '#' + picon + (isMaki ? '-11' : '');
-                       }
-                   });
+           viewfields.enter().insert('path', 'circle').attr('class', 'viewfield').attr('transform', 'scale(1.5,1.5),translate(-8, -13)').attr('d', viewfieldPath);
 
+           function viewfieldPath() {
+             var d = this.parentNode.__data__;
 
-               // Draw touch targets..
-               touchLayer
-                   .call(drawTargets, graph, points, filter);
+             if (d.pano) {
+               return 'M 8,13 m -10,0 a 10,10 0 1,0 20,0 a 10,10 0 1,0 -20,0';
+             } else {
+               return 'M 6,9 C 8,8.4 8,8.4 10,9 L 16,-2 C 12,-5 4,-5 0,-2 z';
+             }
            }
+         }
+         /**
+          * drawImages()
+          * drawImages is the method that is returned (and that runs) every time 'svgStreetside()' is called.
+          * 'svgStreetside()' is called from index.js
+          */
 
 
-           return drawPoints;
-       }
-
-       function svgTurns(projection, context) {
+         function drawImages(selection) {
+           var enabled = svgStreetside.enabled;
+           var service = getService();
+           layer = selection.selectAll('.layer-streetside-images').data(service ? [0] : []);
+           layer.exit().remove();
+           var layerEnter = layer.enter().append('g').attr('class', 'layer-streetside-images').style('display', enabled ? 'block' : 'none');
+           layerEnter.append('g').attr('class', 'sequences');
+           layerEnter.append('g').attr('class', 'markers');
+           layer = layerEnter.merge(layer);
 
-           function icon(turn) {
-               var u = turn.u ? '-u' : '';
-               if (turn.no) return '#iD-turn-no' + u;
-               if (turn.only) return '#iD-turn-only' + u;
-               return '#iD-turn-yes' + u;
+           if (enabled) {
+             if (service && ~~context.map().zoom() >= minZoom) {
+               editOn();
+               update();
+               service.loadBubbles(projection);
+             } else {
+               editOff();
+             }
            }
+         }
+         /**
+          * drawImages.enabled().
+          */
 
-           function drawTurns(selection, graph, turns) {
-
-               function turnTransform(d) {
-                   var pxRadius = 50;
-                   var toWay = graph.entity(d.to.way);
-                   var toPoints = graph.childNodes(toWay)
-                       .map(function (n) { return n.loc; })
-                       .map(projection);
-                   var toLength = geoPathLength(toPoints);
-                   var mid = toLength / 2;    // midpoint of destination way
 
-                   var toNode = graph.entity(d.to.node);
-                   var toVertex = graph.entity(d.to.vertex);
-                   var a = geoAngle(toVertex, toNode, projection);
-                   var o = projection(toVertex.loc);
-                   var r = d.u ? 0                  // u-turn: no radius
-                       : !toWay.__via ? pxRadius    // leaf way: put marker at pxRadius
-                       : Math.min(mid, pxRadius);   // via way: prefer pxRadius, fallback to mid for very short ways
+         drawImages.enabled = function (_) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return svgStreetside.enabled;
+           svgStreetside.enabled = _;
 
-                   return 'translate(' + (r * Math.cos(a) + o[0]) + ',' + (r * Math.sin(a) + o[1]) + ') ' +
-                       'rotate(' + a * 180 / Math.PI + ')';
-               }
+           if (svgStreetside.enabled) {
+             showLayer();
+             context.photos().on('change.streetside', update);
+           } else {
+             hideLayer();
+             context.photos().on('change.streetside', null);
+           }
 
+           dispatch.call('change');
+           return this;
+         };
+         /**
+          * drawImages.supported().
+          */
 
-               var drawLayer = selection.selectAll('.layer-osm.points .points-group.turns');
-               var touchLayer = selection.selectAll('.layer-touch.turns');
 
-               // Draw turns..
-               var groups = drawLayer.selectAll('g.turn')
-                   .data(turns, function(d) { return d.key; });
+         drawImages.supported = function () {
+           return !!getService();
+         };
 
-               // exit
-               groups.exit()
-                   .remove();
+         init();
+         return drawImages;
+       }
 
-               // enter
-               var groupsEnter = groups.enter()
-                   .append('g')
-                   .attr('class', function(d) { return 'turn ' + d.key; });
+       function svgMapillaryImages(projection, context, dispatch) {
+         var throttledRedraw = throttle(function () {
+           dispatch.call('change');
+         }, 1000);
 
-               var turnsEnter = groupsEnter
-                   .filter(function(d) { return !d.u; });
+         var minZoom = 12;
+         var minMarkerZoom = 16;
+         var minViewfieldZoom = 18;
+         var layer = select(null);
 
-               turnsEnter.append('rect')
-                   .attr('transform', 'translate(-22, -12)')
-                   .attr('width', '44')
-                   .attr('height', '24');
+         var _mapillary;
 
-               turnsEnter.append('use')
-                   .attr('transform', 'translate(-22, -12)')
-                   .attr('width', '44')
-                   .attr('height', '24');
+         function init() {
+           if (svgMapillaryImages.initialized) return; // run once
 
-               var uEnter = groupsEnter
-                   .filter(function(d) { return d.u; });
+           svgMapillaryImages.enabled = false;
+           svgMapillaryImages.initialized = true;
+         }
 
-               uEnter.append('circle')
-                   .attr('r', '16');
+         function getService() {
+           if (services.mapillary && !_mapillary) {
+             _mapillary = services.mapillary;
 
-               uEnter.append('use')
-                   .attr('transform', 'translate(-16, -16)')
-                   .attr('width', '32')
-                   .attr('height', '32');
+             _mapillary.event.on('loadedImages', throttledRedraw);
+           } else if (!services.mapillary && _mapillary) {
+             _mapillary = null;
+           }
 
-               // update
-               groups = groups
-                   .merge(groupsEnter)
-                   .attr('opacity', function(d) { return d.direct === false ? '0.7' : null; })
-                   .attr('transform', turnTransform);
+           return _mapillary;
+         }
 
-               groups.select('use')
-                   .attr('xlink:href', icon);
+         function showLayer() {
+           var service = getService();
+           if (!service) return;
+           editOn();
+           layer.style('opacity', 0).transition().duration(250).style('opacity', 1).on('end', function () {
+             dispatch.call('change');
+           });
+         }
 
-               groups.select('rect');      // propagate bound data
-               groups.select('circle');    // propagate bound data
+         function hideLayer() {
+           throttledRedraw.cancel();
+           layer.transition().duration(250).style('opacity', 0).on('end', editOff);
+         }
 
+         function editOn() {
+           layer.style('display', 'block');
+         }
 
-               // Draw touch targets..
-               var fillClass = context.getDebug('target') ? 'pink ' : 'nocolor ';
-               groups = touchLayer.selectAll('g.turn')
-                   .data(turns, function(d) { return d.key; });
+         function editOff() {
+           layer.selectAll('.viewfield-group').remove();
+           layer.style('display', 'none');
+         }
 
-               // exit
-               groups.exit()
-                   .remove();
+         function click(d3_event, image) {
+           var service = getService();
+           if (!service) return;
+           service.ensureViewerLoaded(context).then(function () {
+             service.selectImage(context, image.id).showViewer(context);
+           });
+           context.map().centerEase(image.loc);
+         }
 
-               // enter
-               groupsEnter = groups.enter()
-                   .append('g')
-                   .attr('class', function(d) { return 'turn ' + d.key; });
+         function mouseover(d3_event, image) {
+           var service = getService();
+           if (service) service.setStyles(context, image);
+         }
 
-               turnsEnter = groupsEnter
-                   .filter(function(d) { return !d.u; });
+         function mouseout() {
+           var service = getService();
+           if (service) service.setStyles(context, null);
+         }
 
-               turnsEnter.append('rect')
-                   .attr('class', 'target ' + fillClass)
-                   .attr('transform', 'translate(-22, -12)')
-                   .attr('width', '44')
-                   .attr('height', '24');
+         function transform(d) {
+           var t = svgPointTransform(projection)(d);
 
-               uEnter = groupsEnter
-                   .filter(function(d) { return d.u; });
+           if (d.ca) {
+             t += ' rotate(' + Math.floor(d.ca) + ',0,0)';
+           }
 
-               uEnter.append('circle')
-                   .attr('class', 'target ' + fillClass)
-                   .attr('r', '16');
+           return t;
+         }
 
-               // update
-               groups = groups
-                   .merge(groupsEnter)
-                   .attr('transform', turnTransform);
+         function filterImages(images) {
+           var showsPano = context.photos().showsPanoramic();
+           var showsFlat = context.photos().showsFlat();
+           var fromDate = context.photos().fromDate();
+           var toDate = context.photos().toDate();
 
-               groups.select('rect');      // propagate bound data
-               groups.select('circle');    // propagate bound data
+           if (!showsPano || !showsFlat) {
+             images = images.filter(function (image) {
+               if (image.is_pano) return showsPano;
+               return showsFlat;
+             });
+           }
 
+           if (fromDate) {
+             images = images.filter(function (image) {
+               return new Date(image.captured_at).getTime() >= new Date(fromDate).getTime();
+             });
+           }
 
-               return this;
+           if (toDate) {
+             images = images.filter(function (image) {
+               return new Date(image.captured_at).getTime() <= new Date(toDate).getTime();
+             });
            }
 
-           return drawTurns;
-       }
+           return images;
+         }
 
-       function svgVertices(projection, context) {
-           var radiuses = {
-               //       z16-, z17,   z18+,  w/icon
-               shadow: [6,    7.5,   7.5,   12],
-               stroke: [2.5,  3.5,   3.5,   8],
-               fill:   [1,    1.5,   1.5,   1.5]
-           };
+         function filterSequences(sequences) {
+           var showsPano = context.photos().showsPanoramic();
+           var showsFlat = context.photos().showsFlat();
+           var fromDate = context.photos().fromDate();
+           var toDate = context.photos().toDate();
 
-           var _currHoverTarget;
-           var _currPersistent = {};
-           var _currHover = {};
-           var _prevHover = {};
-           var _currSelected = {};
-           var _prevSelected = {};
-           var _radii = {};
+           if (!showsPano || !showsFlat) {
+             sequences = sequences.filter(function (sequence) {
+               if (sequence.properties.hasOwnProperty('is_pano')) {
+                 if (sequence.properties.is_pano) return showsPano;
+                 return showsFlat;
+               }
 
+               return false;
+             });
+           }
 
-           function sortY(a, b) {
-               return b.loc[1] - a.loc[1];
+           if (fromDate) {
+             sequences = sequences.filter(function (sequence) {
+               return new Date(sequence.properties.captured_at).getTime() >= new Date(fromDate).getTime().toString();
+             });
            }
 
-           // Avoid exit/enter if we're just moving stuff around.
-           // The node will get a new version but we only need to run the update selection.
-           function fastEntityKey(d) {
-               var mode = context.mode();
-               var isMoving = mode && /^(add|draw|drag|move|rotate)/.test(mode.id);
-               return isMoving ? d.id : osmEntity.key(d);
+           if (toDate) {
+             sequences = sequences.filter(function (sequence) {
+               return new Date(sequence.properties.captured_at).getTime() <= new Date(toDate).getTime().toString();
+             });
            }
 
+           return sequences;
+         }
+
+         function update() {
+           var z = ~~context.map().zoom();
+           var showMarkers = z >= minMarkerZoom;
+           var showViewfields = z >= minViewfieldZoom;
+           var service = getService();
+           var sequences = service ? service.sequences(projection) : [];
+           var images = service && showMarkers ? service.images(projection) : [];
+           images = filterImages(images);
+           sequences = filterSequences(sequences);
+           service.filterViewer(context);
+           var traces = layer.selectAll('.sequences').selectAll('.sequence').data(sequences, function (d) {
+             return d.properties.id;
+           }); // exit
+
+           traces.exit().remove(); // enter/update
+
+           traces = traces.enter().append('path').attr('class', 'sequence').merge(traces).attr('d', svgPath(projection).geojson);
+           var groups = layer.selectAll('.markers').selectAll('.viewfield-group').data(images, function (d) {
+             return d.id;
+           }); // exit
+
+           groups.exit().remove(); // enter
+
+           var groupsEnter = groups.enter().append('g').attr('class', 'viewfield-group').on('mouseenter', mouseover).on('mouseleave', mouseout).on('click', click);
+           groupsEnter.append('g').attr('class', 'viewfield-scale'); // update
+
+           var markers = groups.merge(groupsEnter).sort(function (a, b) {
+             return b.loc[1] - a.loc[1]; // sort Y
+           }).attr('transform', transform).select('.viewfield-scale');
+           markers.selectAll('circle').data([0]).enter().append('circle').attr('dx', '0').attr('dy', '0').attr('r', '6');
+           var viewfields = markers.selectAll('.viewfield').data(showViewfields ? [0] : []);
+           viewfields.exit().remove();
+           viewfields.enter() // viewfields may or may not be drawn...
+           .insert('path', 'circle') // but if they are, draw below the circles
+           .attr('class', 'viewfield').classed('pano', function () {
+             return this.parentNode.__data__.is_pano;
+           }).attr('transform', 'scale(1.5,1.5),translate(-8, -13)').attr('d', viewfieldPath);
+
+           function viewfieldPath() {
+             if (this.parentNode.__data__.is_pano) {
+               return 'M 8,13 m -10,0 a 10,10 0 1,0 20,0 a 10,10 0 1,0 -20,0';
+             } else {
+               return 'M 6,9 C 8,8.4 8,8.4 10,9 L 16,-2 C 12,-5 4,-5 0,-2 z';
+             }
+           }
+         }
 
-           function draw(selection, graph, vertices, sets, filter) {
-               sets = sets || { selected: {}, important: {}, hovered: {} };
+         function drawImages(selection) {
+           var enabled = svgMapillaryImages.enabled;
+           var service = getService();
+           layer = selection.selectAll('.layer-mapillary').data(service ? [0] : []);
+           layer.exit().remove();
+           var layerEnter = layer.enter().append('g').attr('class', 'layer-mapillary').style('display', enabled ? 'block' : 'none');
+           layerEnter.append('g').attr('class', 'sequences');
+           layerEnter.append('g').attr('class', 'markers');
+           layer = layerEnter.merge(layer);
 
-               var icons = {};
-               var directions = {};
-               var wireframe = context.surface().classed('fill-wireframe');
-               var zoom = geoScaleToZoom(projection.scale());
-               var z = (zoom < 17 ? 0 : zoom < 18 ? 1 : 2);
-               var activeID = context.activeID();
-               var base = context.history().base();
+           if (enabled) {
+             if (service && ~~context.map().zoom() >= minZoom) {
+               editOn();
+               update();
+               service.loadImages(projection);
+             } else {
+               editOff();
+             }
+           }
+         }
 
+         drawImages.enabled = function (_) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return svgMapillaryImages.enabled;
+           svgMapillaryImages.enabled = _;
 
-               function getIcon(d) {
-                   // always check latest entity, as fastEntityKey avoids enter/exit now
-                   var entity = graph.entity(d.id);
-                   if (entity.id in icons) return icons[entity.id];
+           if (svgMapillaryImages.enabled) {
+             showLayer();
+             context.photos().on('change.mapillary_images', update);
+           } else {
+             hideLayer();
+             context.photos().on('change.mapillary_images', null);
+           }
 
-                   icons[entity.id] =
-                       entity.hasInterestingTags() &&
-                       _mainPresetIndex.match(entity, graph).icon;
+           dispatch.call('change');
+           return this;
+         };
 
-                   return icons[entity.id];
-               }
+         drawImages.supported = function () {
+           return !!getService();
+         };
 
+         init();
+         return drawImages;
+       }
 
-               // memoize directions results, return false for empty arrays (for use in filter)
-               function getDirections(entity) {
-                   if (entity.id in directions) return directions[entity.id];
+       function svgMapillaryPosition(projection, context) {
+         var throttledRedraw = throttle(function () {
+           update();
+         }, 1000);
 
-                   var angles = entity.directions(graph, projection);
-                   directions[entity.id] = angles.length ? angles : false;
-                   return angles;
-               }
+         var minZoom = 12;
+         var minViewfieldZoom = 18;
+         var layer = select(null);
 
+         var _mapillary;
 
-               function updateAttributes(selection) {
-                   ['shadow', 'stroke', 'fill'].forEach(function(klass) {
-                       var rads = radiuses[klass];
-                       selection.selectAll('.' + klass)
-                           .each(function(entity) {
-                               var i = z && getIcon(entity);
-                               var r = rads[i ? 3 : z];
+         var viewerCompassAngle;
 
-                               // slightly increase the size of unconnected endpoints #3775
-                               if (entity.id !== activeID && entity.isEndpoint(graph) && !entity.isConnected(graph)) {
-                                   r += 1.5;
-                               }
+         function init() {
+           if (svgMapillaryPosition.initialized) return; // run once
 
-                               if (klass === 'shadow') {   // remember this value, so we don't need to
-                                   _radii[entity.id] = r;  // recompute it when we draw the touch targets
-                               }
+           svgMapillaryPosition.initialized = true;
+         }
 
-                               select(this)
-                                   .attr('r', r)
-                                   .attr('visibility', (i && klass === 'fill') ? 'hidden' : null);
-                           });
-                   });
-               }
+         function getService() {
+           if (services.mapillary && !_mapillary) {
+             _mapillary = services.mapillary;
 
-               vertices.sort(sortY);
-
-               var groups = selection.selectAll('g.vertex')
-                   .filter(filter)
-                   .data(vertices, fastEntityKey);
-
-               // exit
-               groups.exit()
-                   .remove();
-
-               // enter
-               var enter = groups.enter()
-                   .append('g')
-                   .attr('class', function(d) { return 'node vertex ' + d.id; })
-                   .order();
-
-               enter
-                   .append('circle')
-                   .attr('class', 'shadow');
-
-               enter
-                   .append('circle')
-                   .attr('class', 'stroke');
-
-               // Vertices with tags get a fill.
-               enter.filter(function(d) { return d.hasInterestingTags(); })
-                   .append('circle')
-                   .attr('class', 'fill');
-
-               // update
-               groups = groups
-                   .merge(enter)
-                   .attr('transform', svgPointTransform(projection))
-                   .classed('sibling', function(d) { return d.id in sets.selected; })
-                   .classed('shared', function(d) { return graph.isShared(d); })
-                   .classed('endpoint', function(d) { return d.isEndpoint(graph); })
-                   .classed('added', function(d) {
-                       return !base.entities[d.id]; // if it doesn't exist in the base graph, it's new
-                   })
-                   .classed('moved', function(d) {
-                       return base.entities[d.id] && !fastDeepEqual(graph.entities[d.id].loc, base.entities[d.id].loc);
-                   })
-                   .classed('retagged', function(d) {
-                       return base.entities[d.id] && !fastDeepEqual(graph.entities[d.id].tags, base.entities[d.id].tags);
-                   })
-                   .call(updateAttributes);
-
-               // Vertices with icons get a `use`.
-               var iconUse = groups
-                   .selectAll('.icon')
-                   .data(function data(d) { return zoom >= 17 && getIcon(d) ? [d] : []; }, fastEntityKey);
-
-               // exit
-               iconUse.exit()
-                   .remove();
-
-               // enter
-               iconUse.enter()
-                   .append('use')
-                   .attr('class', 'icon')
-                   .attr('width', '11px')
-                   .attr('height', '11px')
-                   .attr('transform', 'translate(-5.5, -5.5)')
-                   .attr('xlink:href', function(d) {
-                       var picon = getIcon(d);
-                       var isMaki = /^maki-/.test(picon);
-                       return '#' + picon + (isMaki ? '-11' : '');
-                   });
+             _mapillary.event.on('imageChanged', throttledRedraw);
 
+             _mapillary.event.on('bearingChanged', function (e) {
+               viewerCompassAngle = e.bearing;
+               if (context.map().isTransformed()) return;
+               layer.selectAll('.viewfield-group.currentView').filter(function (d) {
+                 return d.is_pano;
+               }).attr('transform', transform);
+             });
+           } else if (!services.mapillary && _mapillary) {
+             _mapillary = null;
+           }
 
-               // Vertices with directions get viewfields
-               var dgroups = groups
-                   .selectAll('.viewfieldgroup')
-                   .data(function data(d) { return zoom >= 18 && getDirections(d) ? [d] : []; }, fastEntityKey);
-
-               // exit
-               dgroups.exit()
-                   .remove();
-
-               // enter/update
-               dgroups = dgroups.enter()
-                   .insert('g', '.shadow')
-                   .attr('class', 'viewfieldgroup')
-                   .merge(dgroups);
-
-               var viewfields = dgroups.selectAll('.viewfield')
-                   .data(getDirections, function key(d) { return osmEntity.key(d); });
-
-               // exit
-               viewfields.exit()
-                   .remove();
-
-               // enter/update
-               viewfields.enter()
-                   .append('path')
-                   .attr('class', 'viewfield')
-                   .attr('d', 'M0,0H0')
-                   .merge(viewfields)
-                   .attr('marker-start', 'url(#ideditor-viewfield-marker' + (wireframe ? '-wireframe' : '') + ')')
-                   .attr('transform', function(d) { return 'rotate(' + d + ')'; });
-           }
-
-
-           function drawTargets(selection, graph, entities, filter) {
-               var targetClass = context.getDebug('target') ? 'pink ' : 'nocolor ';
-               var nopeClass = context.getDebug('target') ? 'red ' : 'nocolor ';
-               var getTransform = svgPointTransform(projection).geojson;
-               var activeID = context.activeID();
-               var data = { targets: [], nopes: [] };
-
-               entities.forEach(function(node) {
-                   if (activeID === node.id) return;   // draw no target on the activeID
-
-                   var vertexType = svgPassiveVertex(node, graph, activeID);
-                   if (vertexType !== 0) {     // passive or adjacent - allow to connect
-                       data.targets.push({
-                           type: 'Feature',
-                           id: node.id,
-                           properties: {
-                               target: true,
-                               entity: node
-                           },
-                           geometry: node.asGeoJSON()
-                       });
-                   } else {
-                       data.nopes.push({
-                           type: 'Feature',
-                           id: node.id + '-nope',
-                           properties: {
-                               nope: true,
-                               target: true,
-                               entity: node
-                           },
-                           geometry: node.asGeoJSON()
-                       });
-                   }
-               });
+           return _mapillary;
+         }
 
-               // Targets allow hover and vertex snapping
-               var targets = selection.selectAll('.vertex.target-allowed')
-                   .filter(function(d) { return filter(d.properties.entity); })
-                   .data(data.targets, function key(d) { return d.id; });
-
-               // exit
-               targets.exit()
-                   .remove();
-
-               // enter/update
-               targets.enter()
-                   .append('circle')
-                   .attr('r', function(d) {
-                       return _radii[d.id]
-                         || radiuses.shadow[3];
-                   })
-                   .merge(targets)
-                   .attr('class', function(d) {
-                       return 'node vertex target target-allowed '
-                       + targetClass + d.id;
-                   })
-                   .attr('transform', getTransform);
-
-
-               // NOPE
-               var nopes = selection.selectAll('.vertex.target-nope')
-                   .filter(function(d) { return filter(d.properties.entity); })
-                   .data(data.nopes, function key(d) { return d.id; });
-
-               // exit
-               nopes.exit()
-                   .remove();
-
-               // enter/update
-               nopes.enter()
-                   .append('circle')
-                   .attr('r', function(d) { return (_radii[d.properties.entity.id] || radiuses.shadow[3]); })
-                   .merge(nopes)
-                   .attr('class', function(d) { return 'node vertex target target-nope ' + nopeClass + d.id; })
-                   .attr('transform', getTransform);
-           }
-
-
-           // Points can also render as vertices:
-           // 1. in wireframe mode or
-           // 2. at higher zooms if they have a direction
-           function renderAsVertex(entity, graph, wireframe, zoom) {
-               var geometry = entity.geometry(graph);
-               return geometry === 'vertex' || (geometry === 'point' && (
-                   wireframe || (zoom >= 18 && entity.directions(graph, projection).length)
-               ));
-           }
-
-
-           function isEditedNode(node, base, head) {
-               var baseNode = base.entities[node.id];
-               var headNode = head.entities[node.id];
-               return !headNode ||
-                   !baseNode ||
-                   !fastDeepEqual(headNode.tags, baseNode.tags) ||
-                   !fastDeepEqual(headNode.loc, baseNode.loc);
-           }
-
-
-           function getSiblingAndChildVertices(ids, graph, wireframe, zoom) {
-               var results = {};
-
-               var seenIds = {};
-
-               function addChildVertices(entity) {
-
-                   // avoid redunant work and infinite recursion of circular relations
-                   if (seenIds[entity.id]) return;
-                   seenIds[entity.id] = true;
-
-                   var geometry = entity.geometry(graph);
-                   if (!context.features().isHiddenFeature(entity, graph, geometry)) {
-                       var i;
-                       if (entity.type === 'way') {
-                           for (i = 0; i < entity.nodes.length; i++) {
-                               var child = graph.hasEntity(entity.nodes[i]);
-                               if (child) {
-                                   addChildVertices(child);
-                               }
-                           }
-                       } else if (entity.type === 'relation') {
-                           for (i = 0; i < entity.members.length; i++) {
-                               var member = graph.hasEntity(entity.members[i].id);
-                               if (member) {
-                                   addChildVertices(member);
-                               }
-                           }
-                       } else if (renderAsVertex(entity, graph, wireframe, zoom)) {
-                           results[entity.id] = entity;
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
+         function editOn() {
+           layer.style('display', 'block');
+         }
 
-               ids.forEach(function(id) {
-                   var entity = graph.hasEntity(id);
-                   if (!entity) return;
+         function editOff() {
+           layer.selectAll('.viewfield-group').remove();
+           layer.style('display', 'none');
+         }
 
-                   if (entity.type === 'node') {
-                       if (renderAsVertex(entity, graph, wireframe, zoom)) {
-                           results[entity.id] = entity;
-                           graph.parentWays(entity).forEach(function(entity) {
-                               addChildVertices(entity);
-                           });
-                       }
-                   } else {  // way, relation
-                       addChildVertices(entity);
-                   }
-               });
+         function transform(d) {
+           var t = svgPointTransform(projection)(d);
 
-               return results;
+           if (d.is_pano && viewerCompassAngle !== null && isFinite(viewerCompassAngle)) {
+             t += ' rotate(' + Math.floor(viewerCompassAngle) + ',0,0)';
+           } else if (d.ca) {
+             t += ' rotate(' + Math.floor(d.ca) + ',0,0)';
            }
 
+           return t;
+         }
 
-           function drawVertices(selection, graph, entities, filter, extent, fullRedraw) {
-               var wireframe = context.surface().classed('fill-wireframe');
-               var visualDiff = context.surface().classed('highlight-edited');
-               var zoom = geoScaleToZoom(projection.scale());
-               var mode = context.mode();
-               var isMoving = mode && /^(add|draw|drag|move|rotate)/.test(mode.id);
-               var base = context.history().base();
-
-               var drawLayer = selection.selectAll('.layer-osm.points .points-group.vertices');
-               var touchLayer = selection.selectAll('.layer-touch.points');
-
-               if (fullRedraw) {
-                   _currPersistent = {};
-                   _radii = {};
-               }
-
-               // Collect important vertices from the `entities` list..
-               // (during a paritial redraw, it will not contain everything)
-               for (var i = 0; i < entities.length; i++) {
-                   var entity = entities[i];
-                   var geometry = entity.geometry(graph);
-                   var keep = false;
-
-                   // a point that looks like a vertex..
-                   if ((geometry === 'point') && renderAsVertex(entity, graph, wireframe, zoom)) {
-                       _currPersistent[entity.id] = entity;
-                       keep = true;
-
-                   // a vertex of some importance..
-                   } else if (geometry === 'vertex' &&
-                       (entity.hasInterestingTags() || entity.isEndpoint(graph) || entity.isConnected(graph)
-                       || (visualDiff && isEditedNode(entity, base, graph)))) {
-                       _currPersistent[entity.id] = entity;
-                       keep = true;
-                   }
-
-                   // whatever this is, it's not a persistent vertex..
-                   if (!keep && !fullRedraw) {
-                       delete _currPersistent[entity.id];
-                   }
-               }
+         function update() {
+           var z = ~~context.map().zoom();
+           var showViewfields = z >= minViewfieldZoom;
+           var service = getService();
+           var image = service && service.getActiveImage();
+           var groups = layer.selectAll('.markers').selectAll('.viewfield-group').data(image ? [image] : [], function (d) {
+             return d.id;
+           }); // exit
+
+           groups.exit().remove(); // enter
+
+           var groupsEnter = groups.enter().append('g').attr('class', 'viewfield-group currentView highlighted');
+           groupsEnter.append('g').attr('class', 'viewfield-scale'); // update
+
+           var markers = groups.merge(groupsEnter).attr('transform', transform).select('.viewfield-scale');
+           markers.selectAll('circle').data([0]).enter().append('circle').attr('dx', '0').attr('dy', '0').attr('r', '6');
+           var viewfields = markers.selectAll('.viewfield').data(showViewfields ? [0] : []);
+           viewfields.exit().remove();
+           viewfields.enter().insert('path', 'circle').attr('class', 'viewfield').attr('transform', 'scale(1.5,1.5),translate(-8, -13)').attr('d', 'M 6,9 C 8,8.4 8,8.4 10,9 L 16,-2 C 12,-5 4,-5 0,-2 z');
+         }
+
+         function drawImages(selection) {
+           var service = getService();
+           layer = selection.selectAll('.layer-mapillary-position').data(service ? [0] : []);
+           layer.exit().remove();
+           var layerEnter = layer.enter().append('g').attr('class', 'layer-mapillary-position');
+           layerEnter.append('g').attr('class', 'markers');
+           layer = layerEnter.merge(layer);
+
+           if (service && ~~context.map().zoom() >= minZoom) {
+             editOn();
+             update();
+           } else {
+             editOff();
+           }
+         }
 
-               // 3 sets of vertices to consider:
-               var sets = {
-                   persistent: _currPersistent,  // persistent = important vertices (render always)
-                   selected: _currSelected,      // selected + siblings of selected (render always)
-                   hovered: _currHover           // hovered + siblings of hovered (render only in draw modes)
-               };
+         drawImages.enabled = function () {
+           update();
+           return this;
+         };
 
-               var all = Object.assign({}, (isMoving ? _currHover : {}), _currSelected, _currPersistent);
+         drawImages.supported = function () {
+           return !!getService();
+         };
 
-               // Draw the vertices..
-               // The filter function controls the scope of what objects d3 will touch (exit/enter/update)
-               // Adjust the filter function to expand the scope beyond whatever entities were passed in.
-               var filterRendered = function(d) {
-                   return d.id in _currPersistent || d.id in _currSelected || d.id in _currHover || filter(d);
-               };
-               drawLayer
-                   .call(draw, graph, currentVisible(all), sets, filterRendered);
+         init();
+         return drawImages;
+       }
 
-               // Draw touch targets..
-               // When drawing, render all targets (not just those affected by a partial redraw)
-               var filterTouch = function(d) {
-                   return isMoving ? true : filterRendered(d);
-               };
-               touchLayer
-                   .call(drawTargets, graph, currentVisible(all), filterTouch);
+       function svgMapillarySigns(projection, context, dispatch) {
+         var throttledRedraw = throttle(function () {
+           dispatch.call('change');
+         }, 1000);
 
+         var minZoom = 12;
+         var layer = select(null);
 
-               function currentVisible(which) {
-                   return Object.keys(which)
-                       .map(graph.hasEntity, graph)     // the current version of this entity
-                       .filter(function (entity) { return entity && entity.intersects(extent, graph); });
-               }
-           }
+         var _mapillary;
 
+         function init() {
+           if (svgMapillarySigns.initialized) return; // run once
 
-           // partial redraw - only update the selected items..
-           drawVertices.drawSelected = function(selection, graph, extent) {
-               var wireframe = context.surface().classed('fill-wireframe');
-               var zoom = geoScaleToZoom(projection.scale());
+           svgMapillarySigns.enabled = false;
+           svgMapillarySigns.initialized = true;
+         }
 
-               _prevSelected = _currSelected || {};
-               if (context.map().isInWideSelection()) {
-                   _currSelected = {};
-                   context.selectedIDs().forEach(function(id) {
-                       var entity = graph.hasEntity(id);
-                       if (!entity) return;
+         function getService() {
+           if (services.mapillary && !_mapillary) {
+             _mapillary = services.mapillary;
 
-                       if (entity.type === 'node') {
-                           if (renderAsVertex(entity, graph, wireframe, zoom)) {
-                               _currSelected[entity.id] = entity;
-                           }
-                       }
-                   });
+             _mapillary.event.on('loadedSigns', throttledRedraw);
+           } else if (!services.mapillary && _mapillary) {
+             _mapillary = null;
+           }
 
-               } else {
-                   _currSelected = getSiblingAndChildVertices(context.selectedIDs(), graph, wireframe, zoom);
-               }
+           return _mapillary;
+         }
 
-               // note that drawVertices will add `_currSelected` automatically if needed..
-               var filter = function(d) { return d.id in _prevSelected; };
-               drawVertices(selection, graph, Object.values(_prevSelected), filter, extent, false);
-           };
+         function showLayer() {
+           var service = getService();
+           if (!service) return;
+           service.loadSignResources(context);
+           editOn();
+         }
 
+         function hideLayer() {
+           throttledRedraw.cancel();
+           editOff();
+         }
 
-           // partial redraw - only update the hovered items..
-           drawVertices.drawHover = function(selection, graph, target, extent) {
-               if (target === _currHoverTarget) return;  // continue only if something changed
+         function editOn() {
+           layer.style('display', 'block');
+         }
 
-               var wireframe = context.surface().classed('fill-wireframe');
-               var zoom = geoScaleToZoom(projection.scale());
+         function editOff() {
+           layer.selectAll('.icon-sign').remove();
+           layer.style('display', 'none');
+         }
 
-               _prevHover = _currHover || {};
-               _currHoverTarget = target;
-               var entity = target && target.properties && target.properties.entity;
+         function click(d3_event, d) {
+           var service = getService();
+           if (!service) return;
+           context.map().centerEase(d.loc);
+           var selectedImageId = service.getActiveImage() && service.getActiveImage().id;
+           service.getDetections(d.id).then(function (detections) {
+             if (detections.length) {
+               var imageId = detections[0].image.id;
 
-               if (entity) {
-                   _currHover = getSiblingAndChildVertices([entity.id], graph, wireframe, zoom);
+               if (imageId === selectedImageId) {
+                 service.highlightDetection(detections[0]).selectImage(context, imageId);
                } else {
-                   _currHover = {};
+                 service.ensureViewerLoaded(context).then(function () {
+                   service.highlightDetection(detections[0]).selectImage(context, imageId).showViewer(context);
+                 });
                }
+             }
+           });
+         }
 
-               // note that drawVertices will add `_currHover` automatically if needed..
-               var filter = function(d) { return d.id in _prevHover; };
-               drawVertices(selection, graph, Object.values(_prevHover), filter, extent, false);
-           };
-
-           return drawVertices;
-       }
+         function filterData(detectedFeatures) {
+           var fromDate = context.photos().fromDate();
+           var toDate = context.photos().toDate();
 
-       function utilBindOnce(target, type, listener, capture) {
-           var typeOnce = type + '.once';
-           function one() {
-               target.on(typeOnce, null);
-               listener.apply(this, arguments);
+           if (fromDate) {
+             var fromTimestamp = new Date(fromDate).getTime();
+             detectedFeatures = detectedFeatures.filter(function (feature) {
+               return new Date(feature.last_seen_at).getTime() >= fromTimestamp;
+             });
            }
-           target.on(typeOnce, one, capture);
-           return this;
-       }
-
-       // Adapted from d3-zoom to handle pointer events.
 
-       // Ignore right-click, since that should open the context menu.
-       function defaultFilter$2() {
-         return !event.ctrlKey && !event.button;
-       }
-
-       function defaultExtent$1() {
-         var e = this;
-         if (e instanceof SVGElement) {
-           e = e.ownerSVGElement || e;
-           if (e.hasAttribute('viewBox')) {
-             e = e.viewBox.baseVal;
-             return [[e.x, e.y], [e.x + e.width, e.y + e.height]];
+           if (toDate) {
+             var toTimestamp = new Date(toDate).getTime();
+             detectedFeatures = detectedFeatures.filter(function (feature) {
+               return new Date(feature.first_seen_at).getTime() <= toTimestamp;
+             });
            }
-           return [[0, 0], [e.width.baseVal.value, e.height.baseVal.value]];
-         }
-         return [[0, 0], [e.clientWidth, e.clientHeight]];
-       }
 
-       function defaultWheelDelta$1() {
-         return -event.deltaY * (event.deltaMode === 1 ? 0.05 : event.deltaMode ? 1 : 0.002);
-       }
+           return detectedFeatures;
+         }
 
-       function defaultConstrain$1(transform, extent, translateExtent) {
-         var dx0 = transform.invertX(extent[0][0]) - translateExtent[0][0],
-             dx1 = transform.invertX(extent[1][0]) - translateExtent[1][0],
-             dy0 = transform.invertY(extent[0][1]) - translateExtent[0][1],
-             dy1 = transform.invertY(extent[1][1]) - translateExtent[1][1];
-         return transform.translate(
-           dx1 > dx0 ? (dx0 + dx1) / 2 : Math.min(0, dx0) || Math.max(0, dx1),
-           dy1 > dy0 ? (dy0 + dy1) / 2 : Math.min(0, dy0) || Math.max(0, dy1)
-         );
-       }
+         function update() {
+           var service = getService();
+           var data = service ? service.signs(projection) : [];
+           data = filterData(data);
+           var transform = svgPointTransform(projection);
+           var signs = layer.selectAll('.icon-sign').data(data, function (d) {
+             return d.id;
+           }); // exit
+
+           signs.exit().remove(); // enter
+
+           var enter = signs.enter().append('g').attr('class', 'icon-sign icon-detected').on('click', click);
+           enter.append('use').attr('width', '24px').attr('height', '24px').attr('x', '-12px').attr('y', '-12px').attr('xlink:href', function (d) {
+             return '#' + d.value;
+           });
+           enter.append('rect').attr('width', '24px').attr('height', '24px').attr('x', '-12px').attr('y', '-12px'); // update
 
-       function utilZoomPan() {
-         var filter = defaultFilter$2,
-             extent = defaultExtent$1,
-             constrain = defaultConstrain$1,
-             wheelDelta = defaultWheelDelta$1,
-             scaleExtent = [0, Infinity],
-             translateExtent = [[-Infinity, -Infinity], [Infinity, Infinity]],
-             interpolate = interpolateZoom,
-             listeners = dispatch('start', 'zoom', 'end'),
-             _wheelDelay = 150,
-             _transform = identity$2,
-             _activeGesture;
+           signs.merge(enter).attr('transform', transform);
+         }
 
-         function zoom(selection) {
-           selection
-               .on('pointerdown.zoom', pointerdown)
-               .on('wheel.zoom', wheeled)
-               .style('touch-action', 'none')
-               .style('-webkit-tap-highlight-color', 'rgba(0,0,0,0)');
+         function drawSigns(selection) {
+           var enabled = svgMapillarySigns.enabled;
+           var service = getService();
+           layer = selection.selectAll('.layer-mapillary-signs').data(service ? [0] : []);
+           layer.exit().remove();
+           layer = layer.enter().append('g').attr('class', 'layer-mapillary-signs layer-mapillary-detections').style('display', enabled ? 'block' : 'none').merge(layer);
 
-           select(window)
-               .on('pointermove.zoompan', pointermove)
-               .on('pointerup.zoompan pointercancel.zoompan', pointerup);
+           if (enabled) {
+             if (service && ~~context.map().zoom() >= minZoom) {
+               editOn();
+               update();
+               service.loadSigns(projection);
+               service.showSignDetections(true);
+             } else {
+               editOff();
+             }
+           } else if (service) {
+             service.showSignDetections(false);
+           }
          }
 
-         zoom.transform = function(collection, transform, point) {
-           var selection = collection.selection ? collection.selection() : collection;
-           if (collection !== selection) {
-             schedule(collection, transform, point);
+         drawSigns.enabled = function (_) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return svgMapillarySigns.enabled;
+           svgMapillarySigns.enabled = _;
+
+           if (svgMapillarySigns.enabled) {
+             showLayer();
+             context.photos().on('change.mapillary_signs', update);
            } else {
-             selection.interrupt().each(function() {
-               gesture(this, arguments)
-                   .start()
-                   .zoom(null, typeof transform === 'function' ? transform.apply(this, arguments) : transform)
-                   .end();
-             });
+             hideLayer();
+             context.photos().on('change.mapillary_signs', null);
            }
-         };
 
-         zoom.scaleBy = function(selection, k, p) {
-           zoom.scaleTo(selection, function() {
-             var k0 = _transform.k,
-                 k1 = typeof k === 'function' ? k.apply(this, arguments) : k;
-             return k0 * k1;
-           }, p);
+           dispatch.call('change');
+           return this;
          };
 
-         zoom.scaleTo = function(selection, k, p) {
-           zoom.transform(selection, function() {
-             var e = extent.apply(this, arguments),
-                 t0 = _transform,
-                 p0 = p == null ? centroid(e) : typeof p === 'function' ? p.apply(this, arguments) : p,
-                 p1 = t0.invert(p0),
-                 k1 = typeof k === 'function' ? k.apply(this, arguments) : k;
-             return constrain(translate(scale(t0, k1), p0, p1), e, translateExtent);
-           }, p);
+         drawSigns.supported = function () {
+           return !!getService();
          };
 
-         zoom.translateBy = function(selection, x, y) {
-           zoom.transform(selection, function() {
-             return constrain(_transform.translate(
-               typeof x === 'function' ? x.apply(this, arguments) : x,
-               typeof y === 'function' ? y.apply(this, arguments) : y
-             ), extent.apply(this, arguments), translateExtent);
-           });
-         };
+         init();
+         return drawSigns;
+       }
 
-         zoom.translateTo = function(selection, x, y, p) {
-           zoom.transform(selection, function() {
-             var e = extent.apply(this, arguments),
-                 t = _transform,
-                 p0 = p == null ? centroid(e) : typeof p === 'function' ? p.apply(this, arguments) : p;
-             return constrain(identity$2.translate(p0[0], p0[1]).scale(t.k).translate(
-               typeof x === 'function' ? -x.apply(this, arguments) : -x,
-               typeof y === 'function' ? -y.apply(this, arguments) : -y
-             ), e, translateExtent);
-           }, p);
-         };
+       function svgMapillaryMapFeatures(projection, context, dispatch) {
+         var throttledRedraw = throttle(function () {
+           dispatch.call('change');
+         }, 1000);
 
-         function scale(transform, k) {
-           k = Math.max(scaleExtent[0], Math.min(scaleExtent[1], k));
-           return k === transform.k ? transform : new Transform(k, transform.x, transform.y);
-         }
+         var minZoom = 12;
+         var layer = select(null);
 
-         function translate(transform, p0, p1) {
-           var x = p0[0] - p1[0] * transform.k, y = p0[1] - p1[1] * transform.k;
-           return x === transform.x && y === transform.y ? transform : new Transform(transform.k, x, y);
+         var _mapillary;
+
+         function init() {
+           if (svgMapillaryMapFeatures.initialized) return; // run once
+
+           svgMapillaryMapFeatures.enabled = false;
+           svgMapillaryMapFeatures.initialized = true;
          }
 
-         function centroid(extent) {
-           return [(+extent[0][0] + +extent[1][0]) / 2, (+extent[0][1] + +extent[1][1]) / 2];
+         function getService() {
+           if (services.mapillary && !_mapillary) {
+             _mapillary = services.mapillary;
+
+             _mapillary.event.on('loadedMapFeatures', throttledRedraw);
+           } else if (!services.mapillary && _mapillary) {
+             _mapillary = null;
+           }
+
+           return _mapillary;
          }
 
-         function schedule(transition, transform, point) {
-           transition
-               .on('start.zoom', function() { gesture(this, arguments).start(); })
-               .on('interrupt.zoom end.zoom', function() { gesture(this, arguments).end(); })
-               .tween('zoom', function() {
-                 var that = this,
-                     args = arguments,
-                     g = gesture(that, args),
-                     e = extent.apply(that, args),
-                     p = point == null ? centroid(e) : typeof point === 'function' ? point.apply(that, args) : point,
-                     w = Math.max(e[1][0] - e[0][0], e[1][1] - e[0][1]),
-                     a = _transform,
-                     b = typeof transform === 'function' ? transform.apply(that, args) : transform,
-                     i = interpolate(a.invert(p).concat(w / a.k), b.invert(p).concat(w / b.k));
-                 return function(t) {
-                   if (t === 1) t = b; // Avoid rounding error on end.
-                   else { var l = i(t), k = w / l[2]; t = new Transform(k, p[0] - l[0] * k, p[1] - l[1] * k); }
-                   g.zoom(null, t);
-                 };
-               });
+         function showLayer() {
+           var service = getService();
+           if (!service) return;
+           service.loadObjectResources(context);
+           editOn();
          }
 
-         function gesture(that, args, clean) {
-           return (!clean && _activeGesture) || new Gesture(that, args);
+         function hideLayer() {
+           throttledRedraw.cancel();
+           editOff();
          }
 
-         function Gesture(that, args) {
-           this.that = that;
-           this.args = args;
-           this.active = 0;
-           this.extent = extent.apply(that, args);
+         function editOn() {
+           layer.style('display', 'block');
          }
 
-         Gesture.prototype = {
-           start: function() {
-             if (++this.active === 1) {
-               _activeGesture = this;
-               this.emit('start');
-             }
-             return this;
-           },
-           zoom: function(key, transform) {
-             if (this.mouse && key !== 'mouse') this.mouse[1] = transform.invert(this.mouse[0]);
-             if (this.pointer0 && key !== 'touch') this.pointer0[1] = transform.invert(this.pointer0[0]);
-             if (this.pointer1 && key !== 'touch') this.pointer1[1] = transform.invert(this.pointer1[0]);
-             _transform = transform;
-             this.emit('zoom');
-             return this;
-           },
-           end: function() {
-             if (--this.active === 0) {
-               _activeGesture = null;
-               this.emit('end');
-             }
-             return this;
-           },
-           emit: function(type) {
-             customEvent(new ZoomEvent(zoom, type, _transform), listeners.apply, listeners, [type, this.that, this.args]);
-           }
-         };
+         function editOff() {
+           layer.selectAll('.icon-map-feature').remove();
+           layer.style('display', 'none');
+         }
 
-         function wheeled() {
-           if (!filter.apply(this, arguments)) return;
-           var g = gesture(this, arguments),
-               t = _transform,
-               k = Math.max(scaleExtent[0], Math.min(scaleExtent[1], t.k * Math.pow(2, wheelDelta.apply(this, arguments)))),
-               p = utilFastMouse(this)(event);
+         function click(d3_event, d) {
+           var service = getService();
+           if (!service) return;
+           context.map().centerEase(d.loc);
+           var selectedImageId = service.getActiveImage() && service.getActiveImage().id;
+           service.getDetections(d.id).then(function (detections) {
+             if (detections.length) {
+               var imageId = detections[0].image.id;
 
-           // If the mouse is in the same location as before, reuse it.
-           // If there were recent wheel events, reset the wheel idle timeout.
-           if (g.wheel) {
-             if (g.mouse[0][0] !== p[0] || g.mouse[0][1] !== p[1]) {
-               g.mouse[1] = t.invert(g.mouse[0] = p);
+               if (imageId === selectedImageId) {
+                 service.highlightDetection(detections[0]).selectImage(context, imageId);
+               } else {
+                 service.ensureViewerLoaded(context).then(function () {
+                   service.highlightDetection(detections[0]).selectImage(context, imageId).showViewer(context);
+                 });
+               }
              }
-             clearTimeout(g.wheel);
+           });
+         }
 
-           // Otherwise, capture the mouse point and location at the start.
-           } else {
-             g.mouse = [p, t.invert(p)];
-             interrupt(this);
-             g.start();
-           }
+         function filterData(detectedFeatures) {
+           var fromDate = context.photos().fromDate();
+           var toDate = context.photos().toDate();
 
-           event.preventDefault();
-           event.stopImmediatePropagation();
-           g.wheel = setTimeout(wheelidled, _wheelDelay);
-           g.zoom('mouse', constrain(translate(scale(t, k), g.mouse[0], g.mouse[1]), g.extent, translateExtent));
+           if (fromDate) {
+             detectedFeatures = detectedFeatures.filter(function (feature) {
+               return new Date(feature.last_seen_at).getTime() >= new Date(fromDate).getTime();
+             });
+           }
 
-           function wheelidled() {
-             g.wheel = null;
-             g.end();
+           if (toDate) {
+             detectedFeatures = detectedFeatures.filter(function (feature) {
+               return new Date(feature.first_seen_at).getTime() <= new Date(toDate).getTime();
+             });
            }
-         }
 
-         var _downPointerIDs = new Set();
-         var _pointerLocGetter;
+           return detectedFeatures;
+         }
 
-         function pointerdown() {
-           _downPointerIDs.add(event.pointerId);
+         function update() {
+           var service = getService();
+           var data = service ? service.mapFeatures(projection) : [];
+           data = filterData(data);
+           var transform = svgPointTransform(projection);
+           var mapFeatures = layer.selectAll('.icon-map-feature').data(data, function (d) {
+             return d.id;
+           }); // exit
+
+           mapFeatures.exit().remove(); // enter
+
+           var enter = mapFeatures.enter().append('g').attr('class', 'icon-map-feature icon-detected').on('click', click);
+           enter.append('title').text(function (d) {
+             var id = d.value.replace(/--/g, '.').replace(/-/g, '_');
+             return _t('mapillary_map_features.' + id);
+           });
+           enter.append('use').attr('width', '24px').attr('height', '24px').attr('x', '-12px').attr('y', '-12px').attr('xlink:href', function (d) {
+             if (d.value === 'object--billboard') {
+               // no billboard icon right now, so use the advertisement icon
+               return '#object--sign--advertisement';
+             }
 
-           if (!filter.apply(this, arguments)) return;
+             return '#' + d.value;
+           });
+           enter.append('rect').attr('width', '24px').attr('height', '24px').attr('x', '-12px').attr('y', '-12px'); // update
 
-           var g = gesture(this, arguments, _downPointerIDs.size === 1);
-           var started;
+           mapFeatures.merge(enter).attr('transform', transform);
+         }
 
-           event.stopImmediatePropagation();
-           _pointerLocGetter = utilFastMouse(this);
-           var loc = _pointerLocGetter(event);
-           var p = [loc, _transform.invert(loc), event.pointerId];
-           if (!g.pointer0) {
-              g.pointer0 = p;
-              started = true;
+         function drawMapFeatures(selection) {
+           var enabled = svgMapillaryMapFeatures.enabled;
+           var service = getService();
+           layer = selection.selectAll('.layer-mapillary-map-features').data(service ? [0] : []);
+           layer.exit().remove();
+           layer = layer.enter().append('g').attr('class', 'layer-mapillary-map-features layer-mapillary-detections').style('display', enabled ? 'block' : 'none').merge(layer);
 
-           } else if (!g.pointer1 && g.pointer0[2] !== p[2]) {
-              g.pointer1 = p;
+           if (enabled) {
+             if (service && ~~context.map().zoom() >= minZoom) {
+               editOn();
+               update();
+               service.loadMapFeatures(projection);
+               service.showFeatureDetections(true);
+             } else {
+               editOff();
+             }
+           } else if (service) {
+             service.showFeatureDetections(false);
            }
+         }
 
-           if (started) {
-             interrupt(this);
-             g.start();
+         drawMapFeatures.enabled = function (_) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return svgMapillaryMapFeatures.enabled;
+           svgMapillaryMapFeatures.enabled = _;
+
+           if (svgMapillaryMapFeatures.enabled) {
+             showLayer();
+             context.photos().on('change.mapillary_map_features', update);
+           } else {
+             hideLayer();
+             context.photos().on('change.mapillary_map_features', null);
            }
-         }
 
-         function pointermove() {
-           if (!_downPointerIDs.has(event.pointerId)) return;
+           dispatch.call('change');
+           return this;
+         };
 
-           if (!_activeGesture || !_pointerLocGetter) return;
+         drawMapFeatures.supported = function () {
+           return !!getService();
+         };
 
-           var g = gesture(this, arguments);
+         init();
+         return drawMapFeatures;
+       }
 
-           var isPointer0 = g.pointer0 && g.pointer0[2] === event.pointerId;
-           var isPointer1 = !isPointer0 && g.pointer1 && g.pointer1[2] === event.pointerId;
+       function svgOpenstreetcamImages(projection, context, dispatch) {
+         var throttledRedraw = throttle(function () {
+           dispatch.call('change');
+         }, 1000);
 
-           if ((isPointer0 || isPointer1) && 'buttons' in event && !event.buttons) {
-             // The pointer went up without ending the gesture somehow, e.g.
-             // a down mouse was moved off the map and released. End it here.
-             if (g.pointer0) _downPointerIDs.delete(g.pointer0[2]);
-             if (g.pointer1) _downPointerIDs.delete(g.pointer1[2]);
-             g.end();
-             return;
-           }
+         var minZoom = 12;
+         var minMarkerZoom = 16;
+         var minViewfieldZoom = 18;
+         var layer = select(null);
 
-           event.preventDefault();
-           event.stopImmediatePropagation();
+         var _openstreetcam;
 
-           var loc = _pointerLocGetter(event);
-           var t, p, l;
+         function init() {
+           if (svgOpenstreetcamImages.initialized) return; // run once
 
-           if (isPointer0) g.pointer0[0] = loc;
-           else if (isPointer1) g.pointer1[0] = loc;
+           svgOpenstreetcamImages.enabled = false;
+           svgOpenstreetcamImages.initialized = true;
+         }
 
-           t = _transform;
-           if (g.pointer1) {
-             var p0 = g.pointer0[0], l0 = g.pointer0[1],
-                 p1 = g.pointer1[0], l1 = g.pointer1[1],
-                 dp = (dp = p1[0] - p0[0]) * dp + (dp = p1[1] - p0[1]) * dp,
-                 dl = (dl = l1[0] - l0[0]) * dl + (dl = l1[1] - l0[1]) * dl;
-             t = scale(t, Math.sqrt(dp / dl));
-             p = [(p0[0] + p1[0]) / 2, (p0[1] + p1[1]) / 2];
-             l = [(l0[0] + l1[0]) / 2, (l0[1] + l1[1]) / 2];
-           } else if (g.pointer0) {
-             p = g.pointer0[0];
-             l = g.pointer0[1];
+         function getService() {
+           if (services.openstreetcam && !_openstreetcam) {
+             _openstreetcam = services.openstreetcam;
+
+             _openstreetcam.event.on('loadedImages', throttledRedraw);
+           } else if (!services.openstreetcam && _openstreetcam) {
+             _openstreetcam = null;
            }
-           else return;
-           g.zoom('touch', constrain(translate(t, p, l), g.extent, translateExtent));
+
+           return _openstreetcam;
          }
 
-         function pointerup() {
-           if (!_downPointerIDs.has(event.pointerId)) return;
+         function showLayer() {
+           var service = getService();
+           if (!service) return;
+           editOn();
+           layer.style('opacity', 0).transition().duration(250).style('opacity', 1).on('end', function () {
+             dispatch.call('change');
+           });
+         }
 
-           _downPointerIDs.delete(event.pointerId);
+         function hideLayer() {
+           throttledRedraw.cancel();
+           layer.transition().duration(250).style('opacity', 0).on('end', editOff);
+         }
 
-           if (!_activeGesture) return;
+         function editOn() {
+           layer.style('display', 'block');
+         }
 
-           var g = gesture(this, arguments);
+         function editOff() {
+           layer.selectAll('.viewfield-group').remove();
+           layer.style('display', 'none');
+         }
 
-           event.stopImmediatePropagation();
+         function click(d3_event, d) {
+           var service = getService();
+           if (!service) return;
+           service.ensureViewerLoaded(context).then(function () {
+             service.selectImage(context, d.key).showViewer(context);
+           });
+           context.map().centerEase(d.loc);
+         }
 
-           if (g.pointer0 && g.pointer0[2] === event.pointerId) delete g.pointer0;
-           else if (g.pointer1 && g.pointer1[2] === event.pointerId) delete g.pointer1;
+         function mouseover(d3_event, d) {
+           var service = getService();
+           if (service) service.setStyles(context, d);
+         }
 
-           if (g.pointer1 && !g.pointer0) {
-             g.pointer0 = g.pointer1;
-             delete g.pointer1;
-           }
-           if (g.pointer0) g.pointer0[1] = _transform.invert(g.pointer0[0]);
-           else {
-             g.end();
-           }
+         function mouseout() {
+           var service = getService();
+           if (service) service.setStyles(context, null);
          }
 
-         zoom.wheelDelta = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (wheelDelta = utilFunctor(+_), zoom) : wheelDelta;
-         };
+         function transform(d) {
+           var t = svgPointTransform(projection)(d);
 
-         zoom.filter = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (filter = utilFunctor(!!_), zoom) : filter;
-         };
+           if (d.ca) {
+             t += ' rotate(' + Math.floor(d.ca) + ',0,0)';
+           }
 
-         zoom.extent = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (extent = utilFunctor([[+_[0][0], +_[0][1]], [+_[1][0], +_[1][1]]]), zoom) : extent;
-         };
+           return t;
+         }
 
-         zoom.scaleExtent = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (scaleExtent[0] = +_[0], scaleExtent[1] = +_[1], zoom) : [scaleExtent[0], scaleExtent[1]];
-         };
+         function filterImages(images) {
+           var fromDate = context.photos().fromDate();
+           var toDate = context.photos().toDate();
+           var usernames = context.photos().usernames();
 
-         zoom.translateExtent = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (translateExtent[0][0] = +_[0][0], translateExtent[1][0] = +_[1][0], translateExtent[0][1] = +_[0][1], translateExtent[1][1] = +_[1][1], zoom) : [[translateExtent[0][0], translateExtent[0][1]], [translateExtent[1][0], translateExtent[1][1]]];
-         };
+           if (fromDate) {
+             var fromTimestamp = new Date(fromDate).getTime();
+             images = images.filter(function (item) {
+               return new Date(item.captured_at).getTime() >= fromTimestamp;
+             });
+           }
 
-         zoom.constrain = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (constrain = _, zoom) : constrain;
-         };
+           if (toDate) {
+             var toTimestamp = new Date(toDate).getTime();
+             images = images.filter(function (item) {
+               return new Date(item.captured_at).getTime() <= toTimestamp;
+             });
+           }
 
-         zoom.interpolate = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (interpolate = _, zoom) : interpolate;
-         };
+           if (usernames) {
+             images = images.filter(function (item) {
+               return usernames.indexOf(item.captured_by) !== -1;
+             });
+           }
 
-         zoom._transform = function(_) {
-           return arguments.length ? (_transform = _, zoom) : _transform;
-         };
+           return images;
+         }
 
-         zoom.on = function() {
-           var value = listeners.on.apply(listeners, arguments);
-           return value === listeners ? zoom : value;
-         };
+         function filterSequences(sequences) {
+           var fromDate = context.photos().fromDate();
+           var toDate = context.photos().toDate();
+           var usernames = context.photos().usernames();
 
-         return zoom;
-       }
+           if (fromDate) {
+             var fromTimestamp = new Date(fromDate).getTime();
+             sequences = sequences.filter(function (image) {
+               return new Date(image.properties.captured_at).getTime() >= fromTimestamp;
+             });
+           }
 
-       // A custom double-click / double-tap event detector that works on touch devices
-       // if pointer events are supported. Falls back to default `dblclick` event.
-       function utilDoubleUp() {
+           if (toDate) {
+             var toTimestamp = new Date(toDate).getTime();
+             sequences = sequences.filter(function (image) {
+               return new Date(image.properties.captured_at).getTime() <= toTimestamp;
+             });
+           }
+
+           if (usernames) {
+             sequences = sequences.filter(function (image) {
+               return usernames.indexOf(image.properties.captured_by) !== -1;
+             });
+           }
 
-           var dispatch$1 = dispatch('doubleUp');
+           return sequences;
+         }
 
-           var _maxTimespan = 500; // milliseconds
-           var _maxDistance = 20; // web pixels; be somewhat generous to account for touch devices
-           var _pointer; // object representing the pointer that could trigger double up
+         function update() {
+           var viewer = context.container().select('.photoviewer');
+           var selected = viewer.empty() ? undefined : viewer.datum();
+           var z = ~~context.map().zoom();
+           var showMarkers = z >= minMarkerZoom;
+           var showViewfields = z >= minViewfieldZoom;
+           var service = getService();
+           var sequences = [];
+           var images = [];
 
-           function pointerIsValidFor(loc) {
-               // second pointerup must occur within a small timeframe after the first pointerdown
-               return new Date().getTime() - _pointer.startTime <= _maxTimespan &&
-                   // all pointer events must occur within a small distance of the first pointerdown
-                   geoVecLength(_pointer.startLoc, loc) <= _maxDistance;
+           if (context.photos().showsFlat()) {
+             sequences = service ? service.sequences(projection) : [];
+             images = service && showMarkers ? service.images(projection) : [];
+             sequences = filterSequences(sequences);
+             images = filterImages(images);
            }
 
-           function pointerdown() {
+           var traces = layer.selectAll('.sequences').selectAll('.sequence').data(sequences, function (d) {
+             return d.properties.key;
+           }); // exit
 
-               // ignore right-click
-               if (event.ctrlKey || event.button === 2) return;
+           traces.exit().remove(); // enter/update
 
-               var loc = [event.clientX, event.clientY];
+           traces = traces.enter().append('path').attr('class', 'sequence').merge(traces).attr('d', svgPath(projection).geojson);
+           var groups = layer.selectAll('.markers').selectAll('.viewfield-group').data(images, function (d) {
+             return d.key;
+           }); // exit
 
-               // Don't rely on pointerId here since it can change between pointerdown
-               // events on touch devices
-               if (_pointer && !pointerIsValidFor(loc)) {
-                   // if this pointer is no longer valid, clear it so another can be started
-                   _pointer = undefined;
-               }
+           groups.exit().remove(); // enter
 
-               if (!_pointer) {
-                   _pointer = {
-                       startLoc: loc,
-                       startTime: new Date().getTime(),
-                       upCount: 0,
-                       pointerId: event.pointerId
-                   };
-               } else { // double down
-                   _pointer.pointerId = event.pointerId;
-               }
-           }
+           var groupsEnter = groups.enter().append('g').attr('class', 'viewfield-group').on('mouseenter', mouseover).on('mouseleave', mouseout).on('click', click);
+           groupsEnter.append('g').attr('class', 'viewfield-scale'); // update
 
-           function pointerup() {
+           var markers = groups.merge(groupsEnter).sort(function (a, b) {
+             return a === selected ? 1 : b === selected ? -1 : b.loc[1] - a.loc[1]; // sort Y
+           }).attr('transform', transform).select('.viewfield-scale');
+           markers.selectAll('circle').data([0]).enter().append('circle').attr('dx', '0').attr('dy', '0').attr('r', '6');
+           var viewfields = markers.selectAll('.viewfield').data(showViewfields ? [0] : []);
+           viewfields.exit().remove();
+           viewfields.enter() // viewfields may or may not be drawn...
+           .insert('path', 'circle') // but if they are, draw below the circles
+           .attr('class', 'viewfield').attr('transform', 'scale(1.5,1.5),translate(-8, -13)').attr('d', 'M 6,9 C 8,8.4 8,8.4 10,9 L 16,-2 C 12,-5 4,-5 0,-2 z');
+         }
 
-               // ignore right-click
-               if (event.ctrlKey || event.button === 2) return;
+         function drawImages(selection) {
+           var enabled = svgOpenstreetcamImages.enabled,
+               service = getService();
+           layer = selection.selectAll('.layer-openstreetcam').data(service ? [0] : []);
+           layer.exit().remove();
+           var layerEnter = layer.enter().append('g').attr('class', 'layer-openstreetcam').style('display', enabled ? 'block' : 'none');
+           layerEnter.append('g').attr('class', 'sequences');
+           layerEnter.append('g').attr('class', 'markers');
+           layer = layerEnter.merge(layer);
 
-               if (!_pointer || _pointer.pointerId !== event.pointerId) return;
+           if (enabled) {
+             if (service && ~~context.map().zoom() >= minZoom) {
+               editOn();
+               update();
+               service.loadImages(projection);
+             } else {
+               editOff();
+             }
+           }
+         }
 
-               _pointer.upCount += 1;
+         drawImages.enabled = function (_) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return svgOpenstreetcamImages.enabled;
+           svgOpenstreetcamImages.enabled = _;
 
-               if (_pointer.upCount === 2) { // double up!
-                   var loc = [event.clientX, event.clientY];
-                   if (pointerIsValidFor(loc)) {
-                       var locInThis = utilFastMouse(this)(event);
-                       dispatch$1.call('doubleUp', this, locInThis);
-                   }
-                   // clear the pointer info in any case
-                   _pointer = undefined;
-               }
+           if (svgOpenstreetcamImages.enabled) {
+             showLayer();
+             context.photos().on('change.openstreetcam_images', update);
+           } else {
+             hideLayer();
+             context.photos().on('change.openstreetcam_images', null);
            }
 
-           function doubleUp(selection) {
-               if ('PointerEvent' in window) {
-                   // dblclick isn't well supported on touch devices so manually use
-                   // pointer events if they're available
-                   selection
-                       .on('pointerdown.doubleUp', pointerdown)
-                       .on('pointerup.doubleUp', pointerup);
-               } else {
-                   // fallback to dblclick
-                   selection
-                       .on('dblclick.doubleUp', function() {
-                           dispatch$1.call('doubleUp', this, utilFastMouse(this)(event));
-                       });
-               }
-           }
+           dispatch.call('change');
+           return this;
+         };
 
-           doubleUp.off = function(selection) {
-               selection
-                   .on('pointerdown.doubleUp', null)
-                   .on('pointerup.doubleUp', null)
-                   .on('dblclick.doubleUp', null);
-           };
+         drawImages.supported = function () {
+           return !!getService();
+         };
 
-           return utilRebind(doubleUp, dispatch$1, 'on');
+         init();
+         return drawImages;
        }
 
-       // constants
-       var TILESIZE = 256;
-       var minZoom = 2;
-       var maxZoom = 24;
-       var kMin = geoZoomToScale(minZoom, TILESIZE);
-       var kMax = geoZoomToScale(maxZoom, TILESIZE);
-
-       function clamp(num, min, max) {
-           return Math.max(min, Math.min(num, max));
-       }
+       function svgOsm(projection, context, dispatch) {
+         var enabled = true;
 
+         function drawOsm(selection) {
+           selection.selectAll('.layer-osm').data(['covered', 'areas', 'lines', 'points', 'labels']).enter().append('g').attr('class', function (d) {
+             return 'layer-osm ' + d;
+           });
+           selection.selectAll('.layer-osm.points').selectAll('.points-group').data(['points', 'midpoints', 'vertices', 'turns']).enter().append('g').attr('class', function (d) {
+             return 'points-group ' + d;
+           });
+         }
 
-       function rendererMap(context) {
-           var dispatch$1 = dispatch(
-               'move', 'drawn',
-               'crossEditableZoom', 'hitMinZoom',
-               'changeHighlighting', 'changeAreaFill'
-           );
-           var projection = context.projection;
-           var curtainProjection = context.curtainProjection;
-           var drawLayers;
-           var drawPoints;
-           var drawVertices;
-           var drawLines;
-           var drawAreas;
-           var drawMidpoints;
-           var drawLabels;
-
-           var _selection = select(null);
-           var supersurface = select(null);
-           var wrapper = select(null);
-           var surface = select(null);
-
-           var _dimensions = [1, 1];
-           var _dblClickZoomEnabled = true;
-           var _redrawEnabled = true;
-           var _gestureTransformStart;
-           var _transformStart = projection.transform();
-           var _transformLast;
-           var _isTransformed = false;
-           var _minzoom = 0;
-           var _getMouseCoords;
-           var _lastPointerEvent;
-           var _lastWithinEditableZoom;
-
-           // whether a pointerdown event started the zoom
-           var _pointerDown = false;
-
-           // use pointer events on supported platforms; fallback to mouse events
-           var _pointerPrefix = 'PointerEvent' in window ? 'pointer' : 'mouse';
-
-           // use pointer event interaction if supported; fallback to touch/mouse events in d3-zoom
-           var _zoomerPannerFunction = 'PointerEvent' in window ? utilZoomPan : d3_zoom;
-
-           var _zoomerPanner = _zoomerPannerFunction()
-               .scaleExtent([kMin, kMax])
-               .interpolate(interpolate)
-               .filter(zoomEventFilter)
-               .on('zoom.map', zoomPan)
-               .on('start.map', function() {
-                   _pointerDown = event.sourceEvent && event.sourceEvent.type === 'pointerdown';
-               })
-               .on('end.map', function() {
-                   _pointerDown = false;
-               });
-           var _doubleUpHandler = utilDoubleUp();
-
-           var scheduleRedraw = throttle(redraw, 750);
-           // var isRedrawScheduled = false;
-           // var pendingRedrawCall;
-           // function scheduleRedraw() {
-           //     // Only schedule the redraw if one has not already been set.
-           //     if (isRedrawScheduled) return;
-           //     isRedrawScheduled = true;
-           //     var that = this;
-           //     var args = arguments;
-           //     pendingRedrawCall = window.requestIdleCallback(function () {
-           //         // Reset the boolean so future redraws can be set.
-           //         isRedrawScheduled = false;
-           //         redraw.apply(that, args);
-           //     }, { timeout: 1400 });
-           // }
+         function showLayer() {
+           var layer = context.surface().selectAll('.data-layer.osm');
+           layer.interrupt();
+           layer.classed('disabled', false).style('opacity', 0).transition().duration(250).style('opacity', 1).on('end interrupt', function () {
+             dispatch.call('change');
+           });
+         }
 
-           function cancelPendingRedraw() {
-               scheduleRedraw.cancel();
-               // isRedrawScheduled = false;
-               // window.cancelIdleCallback(pendingRedrawCall);
-           }
+         function hideLayer() {
+           var layer = context.surface().selectAll('.data-layer.osm');
+           layer.interrupt();
+           layer.transition().duration(250).style('opacity', 0).on('end interrupt', function () {
+             layer.classed('disabled', true);
+             dispatch.call('change');
+           });
+         }
 
+         drawOsm.enabled = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return enabled;
+           enabled = val;
 
-           function map(selection) {
-               _selection = selection;
+           if (enabled) {
+             showLayer();
+           } else {
+             hideLayer();
+           }
 
-               context
-                   .on('change.map', immediateRedraw);
+           dispatch.call('change');
+           return this;
+         };
 
-               var osm = context.connection();
-               if (osm) {
-                   osm.on('change.map', immediateRedraw);
-               }
+         return drawOsm;
+       }
 
-               function didUndoOrRedo(targetTransform) {
-                   var mode = context.mode().id;
-                   if (mode !== 'browse' && mode !== 'select') return;
-                   if (targetTransform) {
-                       map.transformEase(targetTransform);
-                   }
-               }
+       var _notesEnabled = false;
 
-               context.history()
-                   .on('merge.map', function() { scheduleRedraw(); })
-                   .on('change.map', immediateRedraw)
-                   .on('undone.map', function(stack, fromStack) {
-                       didUndoOrRedo(fromStack.transform);
-                   })
-                   .on('redone.map', function(stack) {
-                       didUndoOrRedo(stack.transform);
-                   });
+       var _osmService;
 
-               context.background()
-                   .on('change.map', immediateRedraw);
+       function svgNotes(projection, context, dispatch) {
+         if (!dispatch) {
+           dispatch = dispatch$8('change');
+         }
 
-               context.features()
-                   .on('redraw.map', immediateRedraw);
+         var throttledRedraw = throttle(function () {
+           dispatch.call('change');
+         }, 1000);
 
-               drawLayers
-                   .on('change.map', function() {
-                       context.background().updateImagery();
-                       immediateRedraw();
-                   });
+         var minZoom = 12;
+         var touchLayer = select(null);
+         var drawLayer = select(null);
+         var _notesVisible = false;
 
-               selection
-                   .on('wheel.map mousewheel.map', function() {
-                       // disable swipe-to-navigate browser pages on trackpad/magic mouse – #5552
-                       event.preventDefault();
-                   })
-                   .call(_zoomerPanner)
-                   .call(_zoomerPanner.transform, projection.transform())
-                   .on('dblclick.zoom', null); // override d3-zoom dblclick handling
-
-               map.supersurface = supersurface = selection.append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'supersurface')
-                   .call(utilSetTransform, 0, 0);
-
-               // Need a wrapper div because Opera can't cope with an absolutely positioned
-               // SVG element: http://bl.ocks.org/jfirebaugh/6fbfbd922552bf776c16
-               wrapper = supersurface
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'layer layer-data');
-
-               map.surface = surface = wrapper
-                   .call(drawLayers)
-                   .selectAll('.surface');
-
-               surface
-                   .call(drawLabels.observe)
-                   .call(_doubleUpHandler)
-                   .on(_pointerPrefix + 'down.zoom', function() {
-                       _lastPointerEvent = event;
-                       if (event.button === 2) {
-                           event.stopPropagation();
-                       }
-                   }, true)
-                   .on(_pointerPrefix + 'up.zoom', function() {
-                       _lastPointerEvent = event;
-                       if (resetTransform()) {
-                           immediateRedraw();
-                       }
-                   })
-                   .on(_pointerPrefix + 'move.map', function() {
-                       _lastPointerEvent = event;
-                   })
-                   .on(_pointerPrefix + 'over.vertices', function() {
-                       if (map.editableDataEnabled() && !_isTransformed) {
-                           var hover = event.target.__data__;
-                           surface.call(drawVertices.drawHover, context.graph(), hover, map.extent());
-                           dispatch$1.call('drawn', this, { full: false });
-                       }
-                   })
-                   .on(_pointerPrefix + 'out.vertices', function() {
-                       if (map.editableDataEnabled() && !_isTransformed) {
-                           var hover = event.relatedTarget && event.relatedTarget.__data__;
-                           surface.call(drawVertices.drawHover, context.graph(), hover, map.extent());
-                           dispatch$1.call('drawn', this, { full: false });
-                       }
-                   });
+         function markerPath(selection, klass) {
+           selection.attr('class', klass).attr('transform', 'translate(-8, -22)').attr('d', 'm17.5,0l-15,0c-1.37,0 -2.5,1.12 -2.5,2.5l0,11.25c0,1.37 1.12,2.5 2.5,2.5l3.75,0l0,3.28c0,0.38 0.43,0.6 0.75,0.37l4.87,-3.65l5.62,0c1.37,0 2.5,-1.12 2.5,-2.5l0,-11.25c0,-1.37 -1.12,-2.5 -2.5,-2.5z');
+         } // Loosely-coupled osm service for fetching notes.
 
-               var detected = utilDetect();
 
-               // only WebKit supports gesture events
-               if ('GestureEvent' in window &&
-                   // Listening for gesture events on iOS 13.4+ breaks double-tapping,
-                   // but we only need to do this on desktop Safari anyway. – #7694
-                   !detected.isMobileWebKit) {
+         function getService() {
+           if (services.osm && !_osmService) {
+             _osmService = services.osm;
 
-                   // Desktop Safari sends gesture events for multitouch trackpad pinches.
-                   // We can listen for these and translate them into map zooms.
-                   surface
-                       .on('gesturestart.surface', function() {
-                           event.preventDefault();
-                           _gestureTransformStart = projection.transform();
-                       })
-                       .on('gesturechange.surface', gestureChange);
-               }
+             _osmService.on('loadedNotes', throttledRedraw);
+           } else if (!services.osm && _osmService) {
+             _osmService = null;
+           }
 
-               // must call after surface init
-               updateAreaFill();
+           return _osmService;
+         } // Show the notes
 
-               _doubleUpHandler.on('doubleUp.map', function(p0) {
-                   if (!_dblClickZoomEnabled) return;
 
-                   // don't zoom if targeting something other than the map itself
-                   if (typeof event.target.__data__ === 'object' &&
-                       // or area fills
-                       !select(event.target).classed('fill')) return;
+         function editOn() {
+           if (!_notesVisible) {
+             _notesVisible = true;
+             drawLayer.style('display', 'block');
+           }
+         } // Immediately remove the notes and their touch targets
 
-                   var zoomOut = event.shiftKey;
 
-                   var t = projection.transform();
+         function editOff() {
+           if (_notesVisible) {
+             _notesVisible = false;
+             drawLayer.style('display', 'none');
+             drawLayer.selectAll('.note').remove();
+             touchLayer.selectAll('.note').remove();
+           }
+         } // Enable the layer.  This shows the notes and transitions them to visible.
 
-                   var p1 = t.invert(p0);
 
-                   t = t.scale(zoomOut ? 0.5 : 2);
+         function layerOn() {
+           editOn();
+           drawLayer.style('opacity', 0).transition().duration(250).style('opacity', 1).on('end interrupt', function () {
+             dispatch.call('change');
+           });
+         } // Disable the layer.  This transitions the layer invisible and then hides the notes.
 
-                   t.x = p0[0] - p1[0] * t.k;
-                   t.y = p0[1] - p1[1] * t.k;
 
-                   map.transformEase(t);
-               });
+         function layerOff() {
+           throttledRedraw.cancel();
+           drawLayer.interrupt();
+           touchLayer.selectAll('.note').remove();
+           drawLayer.transition().duration(250).style('opacity', 0).on('end interrupt', function () {
+             editOff();
+             dispatch.call('change');
+           });
+         } // Update the note markers
 
-               context.on('enter.map',  function() {
-                   if (!map.editableDataEnabled(true /* skip zoom check */)) return;
-
-                   // redraw immediately any objects affected by a change in selectedIDs.
-                   var graph = context.graph();
-                   var selectedAndParents = {};
-                   context.selectedIDs().forEach(function(id) {
-                       var entity = graph.hasEntity(id);
-                       if (entity) {
-                           selectedAndParents[entity.id] = entity;
-                           if (entity.type === 'node') {
-                               graph.parentWays(entity).forEach(function(parent) {
-                                   selectedAndParents[parent.id] = parent;
-                               });
-                           }
-                       }
-                   });
-                   var data = Object.values(selectedAndParents);
-                   var filter = function(d) { return d.id in selectedAndParents; };
 
-                   data = context.features().filter(data, graph);
+         function updateMarkers() {
+           if (!_notesVisible || !_notesEnabled) return;
+           var service = getService();
+           var selectedID = context.selectedNoteID();
+           var data = service ? service.notes(projection) : [];
+           var getTransform = svgPointTransform(projection); // Draw markers..
+
+           var notes = drawLayer.selectAll('.note').data(data, function (d) {
+             return d.status + d.id;
+           }); // exit
+
+           notes.exit().remove(); // enter
+
+           var notesEnter = notes.enter().append('g').attr('class', function (d) {
+             return 'note note-' + d.id + ' ' + d.status;
+           }).classed('new', function (d) {
+             return d.id < 0;
+           });
+           notesEnter.append('ellipse').attr('cx', 0.5).attr('cy', 1).attr('rx', 6.5).attr('ry', 3).attr('class', 'stroke');
+           notesEnter.append('path').call(markerPath, 'shadow');
+           notesEnter.append('use').attr('class', 'note-fill').attr('width', '20px').attr('height', '20px').attr('x', '-8px').attr('y', '-22px').attr('xlink:href', '#iD-icon-note');
+           notesEnter.selectAll('.icon-annotation').data(function (d) {
+             return [d];
+           }).enter().append('use').attr('class', 'icon-annotation').attr('width', '10px').attr('height', '10px').attr('x', '-3px').attr('y', '-19px').attr('xlink:href', function (d) {
+             if (d.id < 0) return '#iD-icon-plus';
+             if (d.status === 'open') return '#iD-icon-close';
+             return '#iD-icon-apply';
+           }); // update
+
+           notes.merge(notesEnter).sort(sortY).classed('selected', function (d) {
+             var mode = context.mode();
+             var isMoving = mode && mode.id === 'drag-note'; // no shadows when dragging
+
+             return !isMoving && d.id === selectedID;
+           }).attr('transform', getTransform); // Draw targets..
 
-                   surface
-                       .call(drawVertices.drawSelected, graph, map.extent())
-                       .call(drawLines, graph, data, filter)
-                       .call(drawAreas, graph, data, filter)
-                       .call(drawMidpoints, graph, data, filter, map.trimmedExtent());
+           if (touchLayer.empty()) return;
+           var fillClass = context.getDebug('target') ? 'pink ' : 'nocolor ';
+           var targets = touchLayer.selectAll('.note').data(data, function (d) {
+             return d.id;
+           }); // exit
 
-                   dispatch$1.call('drawn', this, { full: false });
+           targets.exit().remove(); // enter/update
 
-                   // redraw everything else later
-                   scheduleRedraw();
-               });
+           targets.enter().append('rect').attr('width', '20px').attr('height', '20px').attr('x', '-8px').attr('y', '-22px').merge(targets).sort(sortY).attr('class', function (d) {
+             var newClass = d.id < 0 ? 'new' : '';
+             return 'note target note-' + d.id + ' ' + fillClass + newClass;
+           }).attr('transform', getTransform);
 
-               map.dimensions(utilGetDimensions(selection));
+           function sortY(a, b) {
+             if (a.id === selectedID) return 1;
+             if (b.id === selectedID) return -1;
+             return b.loc[1] - a.loc[1];
            }
+         } // Draw the notes layer and schedule loading notes and updating markers.
 
 
-           function zoomEventFilter() {
-               // Fix for #2151, (see also d3/d3-zoom#60, d3/d3-brush#18)
-               // Intercept `mousedown` and check if there is an orphaned zoom gesture.
-               // This can happen if a previous `mousedown` occurred without a `mouseup`.
-               // If we detect this, dispatch `mouseup` to complete the orphaned gesture,
-               // so that d3-zoom won't stop propagation of new `mousedown` events.
-               if (event.type === 'mousedown') {
-                   var hasOrphan = false;
-                   var listeners = window.__on;
-                   for (var i = 0; i < listeners.length; i++) {
-                       var listener = listeners[i];
-                       if (listener.name === 'zoom' && listener.type === 'mouseup') {
-                           hasOrphan = true;
-                           break;
-                       }
-                   }
-                   if (hasOrphan) {
-                       var event$1 = window.CustomEvent;
-                       if (event$1) {
-                           event$1 = new event$1('mouseup');
-                       } else {
-                           event$1 = window.document.createEvent('Event');
-                           event$1.initEvent('mouseup', false, false);
-                       }
-                       // Event needs to be dispatched with an event.view property.
-                       event$1.view = window;
-                       window.dispatchEvent(event$1);
-                   }
-               }
+         function drawNotes(selection) {
+           var service = getService();
+           var surface = context.surface();
 
-               return event.button !== 2;   // ignore right clicks
+           if (surface && !surface.empty()) {
+             touchLayer = surface.selectAll('.data-layer.touch .layer-touch.markers');
            }
 
+           drawLayer = selection.selectAll('.layer-notes').data(service ? [0] : []);
+           drawLayer.exit().remove();
+           drawLayer = drawLayer.enter().append('g').attr('class', 'layer-notes').style('display', _notesEnabled ? 'block' : 'none').merge(drawLayer);
 
-           function pxCenter() {
-               return [_dimensions[0] / 2, _dimensions[1] / 2];
+           if (_notesEnabled) {
+             if (service && ~~context.map().zoom() >= minZoom) {
+               editOn();
+               service.loadNotes(projection);
+               updateMarkers();
+             } else {
+               editOff();
+             }
            }
+         } // Toggles the layer on and off
 
 
-           function drawEditable(difference, extent) {
-               var mode = context.mode();
-               var graph = context.graph();
-               var features = context.features();
-               var all = context.history().intersects(map.extent());
-               var fullRedraw = false;
-               var data;
-               var set;
-               var filter;
-               var applyFeatureLayerFilters = true;
-
-               if (map.isInWideSelection()) {
-                   data = [];
-                   utilEntityAndDeepMemberIDs(mode.selectedIDs(), context.graph()).forEach(function(id) {
-                       var entity = context.hasEntity(id);
-                       if (entity) data.push(entity);
-                   });
-                   fullRedraw = true;
-                   filter = utilFunctor(true);
-                   // selected features should always be visible, so we can skip filtering
-                   applyFeatureLayerFilters = false;
-
-               } else if (difference) {
-                   var complete = difference.complete(map.extent());
-                   data = Object.values(complete).filter(Boolean);
-                   set = new Set(Object.keys(complete));
-                   filter = function(d) { return set.has(d.id); };
-                   features.clear(data);
+         drawNotes.enabled = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _notesEnabled;
+           _notesEnabled = val;
 
-               } else {
-                   // force a full redraw if gatherStats detects that a feature
-                   // should be auto-hidden (e.g. points or buildings)..
-                   if (features.gatherStats(all, graph, _dimensions)) {
-                       extent = undefined;
-                   }
+           if (_notesEnabled) {
+             layerOn();
+           } else {
+             layerOff();
 
-                   if (extent) {
-                       data = context.history().intersects(map.extent().intersection(extent));
-                       set = new Set(data.map(function(entity) { return entity.id; }));
-                       filter = function(d) { return set.has(d.id); };
+             if (context.selectedNoteID()) {
+               context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+             }
+           }
 
-                   } else {
-                       data = all;
-                       fullRedraw = true;
-                       filter = utilFunctor(true);
-                   }
-               }
+           dispatch.call('change');
+           return this;
+         };
 
-               if (applyFeatureLayerFilters) {
-                   data = features.filter(data, graph);
-               } else {
-                   context.features().resetStats();
-               }
+         return drawNotes;
+       }
 
-               if (mode && mode.id === 'select') {
-                   // update selected vertices - the user might have just double-clicked a way,
-                   // creating a new vertex, triggering a partial redraw without a mode change
-                   surface.call(drawVertices.drawSelected, graph, map.extent());
-               }
+       function svgTouch() {
+         function drawTouch(selection) {
+           selection.selectAll('.layer-touch').data(['areas', 'lines', 'points', 'turns', 'markers']).enter().append('g').attr('class', function (d) {
+             return 'layer-touch ' + d;
+           });
+         }
 
-               surface
-                   .call(drawVertices, graph, data, filter, map.extent(), fullRedraw)
-                   .call(drawLines, graph, data, filter)
-                   .call(drawAreas, graph, data, filter)
-                   .call(drawMidpoints, graph, data, filter, map.trimmedExtent())
-                   .call(drawLabels, graph, data, filter, _dimensions, fullRedraw)
-                   .call(drawPoints, graph, data, filter);
+         return drawTouch;
+       }
 
-               dispatch$1.call('drawn', this, {full: true});
-           }
+       function refresh(selection, node) {
+         var cr = node.getBoundingClientRect();
+         var prop = [cr.width, cr.height];
+         selection.property('__dimensions__', prop);
+         return prop;
+       }
 
-           map.init = function() {
-               drawLayers = svgLayers(projection, context);
-               drawPoints = svgPoints(projection, context);
-               drawVertices = svgVertices(projection, context);
-               drawLines = svgLines(projection, context);
-               drawAreas = svgAreas(projection, context);
-               drawMidpoints = svgMidpoints(projection, context);
-               drawLabels = svgLabels(projection, context);
-           };
+       function utilGetDimensions(selection, force) {
+         if (!selection || selection.empty()) {
+           return [0, 0];
+         }
 
-           function editOff() {
-               context.features().resetStats();
-               surface.selectAll('.layer-osm *').remove();
-               surface.selectAll('.layer-touch:not(.markers) *').remove();
-
-               var allowed = {
-                   'browse': true,
-                   'save': true,
-                   'select-note': true,
-                   'select-data': true,
-                   'select-error': true
-               };
+         var node = selection.node(),
+             cached = selection.property('__dimensions__');
+         return !cached || force ? refresh(selection, node) : cached;
+       }
+       function utilSetDimensions(selection, dimensions) {
+         if (!selection || selection.empty()) {
+           return selection;
+         }
 
-               var mode = context.mode();
-               if (mode && !allowed[mode.id]) {
-                   context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
-               }
+         var node = selection.node();
 
-               dispatch$1.call('drawn', this, {full: true});
-           }
+         if (dimensions === null) {
+           refresh(selection, node);
+           return selection;
+         }
 
+         return selection.property('__dimensions__', [dimensions[0], dimensions[1]]).attr('width', dimensions[0]).attr('height', dimensions[1]);
+       }
 
+       function svgLayers(projection, context) {
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('change');
+         var svg = select(null);
+         var _layers = [{
+           id: 'osm',
+           layer: svgOsm(projection, context, dispatch)
+         }, {
+           id: 'notes',
+           layer: svgNotes(projection, context, dispatch)
+         }, {
+           id: 'data',
+           layer: svgData(projection, context, dispatch)
+         }, {
+           id: 'keepRight',
+           layer: svgKeepRight(projection, context, dispatch)
+         }, {
+           id: 'improveOSM',
+           layer: svgImproveOSM(projection, context, dispatch)
+         }, {
+           id: 'osmose',
+           layer: svgOsmose(projection, context, dispatch)
+         }, {
+           id: 'streetside',
+           layer: svgStreetside(projection, context, dispatch)
+         }, {
+           id: 'mapillary',
+           layer: svgMapillaryImages(projection, context, dispatch)
+         }, {
+           id: 'mapillary-position',
+           layer: svgMapillaryPosition(projection, context)
+         }, {
+           id: 'mapillary-map-features',
+           layer: svgMapillaryMapFeatures(projection, context, dispatch)
+         }, {
+           id: 'mapillary-signs',
+           layer: svgMapillarySigns(projection, context, dispatch)
+         }, {
+           id: 'openstreetcam',
+           layer: svgOpenstreetcamImages(projection, context, dispatch)
+         }, {
+           id: 'debug',
+           layer: svgDebug(projection, context)
+         }, {
+           id: 'geolocate',
+           layer: svgGeolocate(projection)
+         }, {
+           id: 'touch',
+           layer: svgTouch()
+         }];
+
+         function drawLayers(selection) {
+           svg = selection.selectAll('.surface').data([0]);
+           svg = svg.enter().append('svg').attr('class', 'surface').merge(svg);
+           var defs = svg.selectAll('.surface-defs').data([0]);
+           defs.enter().append('defs').attr('class', 'surface-defs');
+           var groups = svg.selectAll('.data-layer').data(_layers);
+           groups.exit().remove();
+           groups.enter().append('g').attr('class', function (d) {
+             return 'data-layer ' + d.id;
+           }).merge(groups).each(function (d) {
+             select(this).call(d.layer);
+           });
+         }
 
+         drawLayers.all = function () {
+           return _layers;
+         };
 
+         drawLayers.layer = function (id) {
+           var obj = _layers.find(function (o) {
+             return o.id === id;
+           });
 
-           function gestureChange() {
-               // Remap Safari gesture events to wheel events - #5492
-               // We want these disabled most places, but enabled for zoom/unzoom on map surface
-               // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/GestureEvent
-               var e = event;
-               e.preventDefault();
+           return obj && obj.layer;
+         };
 
-               var props = {
-                   deltaMode: 0,    // dummy values to ignore in zoomPan
-                   deltaY: 1,       // dummy values to ignore in zoomPan
-                   clientX: e.clientX,
-                   clientY: e.clientY,
-                   screenX: e.screenX,
-                   screenY: e.screenY,
-                   x: e.x,
-                   y: e.y
-               };
+         drawLayers.only = function (what) {
+           var arr = [].concat(what);
 
-               var e2 = new WheelEvent('wheel', props);
-               e2._scale = e.scale;         // preserve the original scale
-               e2._rotation = e.rotation;   // preserve the original rotation
-
-               _selection.node().dispatchEvent(e2);
-           }
-
-
-           function zoomPan(manualEvent) {
-               var event$1 = (manualEvent || event);
-               var source = event$1.sourceEvent;
-               var eventTransform = event$1.transform;
-               var x = eventTransform.x;
-               var y = eventTransform.y;
-               var k = eventTransform.k;
-
-               // Special handling of 'wheel' events:
-               // They might be triggered by the user scrolling the mouse wheel,
-               // or 2-finger pinch/zoom gestures, the transform may need adjustment.
-               if (source && source.type === 'wheel') {
-
-                   // assume that the gesture is already handled by pointer events
-                   if (_pointerDown) return;
-
-                   var detected = utilDetect();
-                   var dX = source.deltaX;
-                   var dY = source.deltaY;
-                   var x2 = x;
-                   var y2 = y;
-                   var k2 = k;
-                   var t0, p0, p1;
-
-                   // Normalize mousewheel scroll speed (Firefox) - #3029
-                   // If wheel delta is provided in LINE units, recalculate it in PIXEL units
-                   // We are essentially redoing the calculations that occur here:
-                   //   https://github.com/d3/d3-zoom/blob/78563a8348aa4133b07cac92e2595c2227ca7cd7/src/zoom.js#L203
-                   // See this for more info:
-                   //   https://github.com/basilfx/normalize-wheel/blob/master/src/normalizeWheel.js
-                   if (source.deltaMode === 1 /* LINE */) {
-                       // Convert from lines to pixels, more if the user is scrolling fast.
-                       // (I made up the exp function to roughly match Firefox to what Chrome does)
-                       // These numbers should be floats, because integers are treated as pan gesture below.
-                       var lines = Math.abs(source.deltaY);
-                       var sign = (source.deltaY > 0) ? 1 : -1;
-                       dY = sign * clamp(
-                           Math.exp((lines - 1) * 0.75) * 4.000244140625,
-                           4.000244140625,    // min
-                           350.000244140625   // max
-                       );
+           var all = _layers.map(function (layer) {
+             return layer.id;
+           });
 
-                       // On Firefox Windows and Linux we always get +/- the scroll line amount (default 3)
-                       // There doesn't seem to be any scroll accelleration.
-                       // This multiplier increases the speed a little bit - #5512
-                       if (detected.os !== 'mac') {
-                           dY *= 5;
-                       }
+           return drawLayers.remove(utilArrayDifference(all, arr));
+         };
 
-                       // recalculate x2,y2,k2
-                       t0 = _isTransformed ? _transformLast : _transformStart;
-                       p0 = _getMouseCoords(source);
-                       p1 = t0.invert(p0);
-                       k2 = t0.k * Math.pow(2, -dY / 500);
-                       k2 = clamp(k2, kMin, kMax);
-                       x2 = p0[0] - p1[0] * k2;
-                       y2 = p0[1] - p1[1] * k2;
-
-                   // 2 finger map pinch zooming (Safari) - #5492
-                   // These are fake `wheel` events we made from Safari `gesturechange` events..
-                   } else if (source._scale) {
-                       // recalculate x2,y2,k2
-                       t0 = _gestureTransformStart;
-                       p0 = _getMouseCoords(source);
-                       p1 = t0.invert(p0);
-                       k2 = t0.k * source._scale;
-                       k2 = clamp(k2, kMin, kMax);
-                       x2 = p0[0] - p1[0] * k2;
-                       y2 = p0[1] - p1[1] * k2;
-
-                   // 2 finger map pinch zooming (all browsers except Safari) - #5492
-                   // Pinch zooming via the `wheel` event will always have:
-                   // - `ctrlKey = true`
-                   // - `deltaY` is not round integer pixels (ignore `deltaX`)
-                   } else if (source.ctrlKey && !isInteger(dY)) {
-                       dY *= 6;   // slightly scale up whatever the browser gave us
-
-                       // recalculate x2,y2,k2
-                       t0 = _isTransformed ? _transformLast : _transformStart;
-                       p0 = _getMouseCoords(source);
-                       p1 = t0.invert(p0);
-                       k2 = t0.k * Math.pow(2, -dY / 500);
-                       k2 = clamp(k2, kMin, kMax);
-                       x2 = p0[0] - p1[0] * k2;
-                       y2 = p0[1] - p1[1] * k2;
-
-                   // Trackpad scroll zooming with shift or alt/option key down
-                   } else if ((source.altKey || source.shiftKey) && isInteger(dY)) {
-                       // recalculate x2,y2,k2
-                       t0 = _isTransformed ? _transformLast : _transformStart;
-                       p0 = _getMouseCoords(source);
-                       p1 = t0.invert(p0);
-                       k2 = t0.k * Math.pow(2, -dY / 500);
-                       k2 = clamp(k2, kMin, kMax);
-                       x2 = p0[0] - p1[0] * k2;
-                       y2 = p0[1] - p1[1] * k2;
-
-                   // 2 finger map panning (Mac only, all browsers) - #5492, #5512
-                   // Panning via the `wheel` event will always have:
-                   // - `ctrlKey = false`
-                   // - `deltaX`,`deltaY` are round integer pixels
-                   } else if (detected.os === 'mac' && !source.ctrlKey && isInteger(dX) && isInteger(dY)) {
-                       p1 = projection.translate();
-                       x2 = p1[0] - dX;
-                       y2 = p1[1] - dY;
-                       k2 = projection.scale();
-                       k2 = clamp(k2, kMin, kMax);
-                   }
+         drawLayers.remove = function (what) {
+           var arr = [].concat(what);
+           arr.forEach(function (id) {
+             _layers = _layers.filter(function (o) {
+               return o.id !== id;
+             });
+           });
+           dispatch.call('change');
+           return this;
+         };
 
-                   // something changed - replace the event transform
-                   if (x2 !== x || y2 !== y || k2 !== k) {
-                       x = x2;
-                       y = y2;
-                       k = k2;
-                       eventTransform = identity$2.translate(x2, y2).scale(k2);
-                       if (_zoomerPanner._transform) {
-                           // utilZoomPan interface
-                           _zoomerPanner._transform(eventTransform);
-                       } else {
-                           // d3_zoom interface
-                           _selection.node().__zoom = eventTransform;
-                       }
-                   }
+         drawLayers.add = function (what) {
+           var arr = [].concat(what);
+           arr.forEach(function (obj) {
+             if ('id' in obj && 'layer' in obj) {
+               _layers.push(obj);
+             }
+           });
+           dispatch.call('change');
+           return this;
+         };
 
-               }
+         drawLayers.dimensions = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return utilGetDimensions(svg);
+           utilSetDimensions(svg, val);
+           return this;
+         };
 
-               if (_transformStart.x === x &&
-                   _transformStart.y === y &&
-                   _transformStart.k === k) {
-                   return;  // no change
-               }
+         return utilRebind(drawLayers, dispatch, 'on');
+       }
 
-               var withinEditableZoom = map.withinEditableZoom();
-               if (_lastWithinEditableZoom !== withinEditableZoom) {
-                   if (_lastWithinEditableZoom !== undefined) {
-                       // notify that the map zoomed in or out over the editable zoom threshold
-                       dispatch$1.call('crossEditableZoom', this, withinEditableZoom);
-                   }
-                   _lastWithinEditableZoom = withinEditableZoom;
-               }
+       function svgLines(projection, context) {
+         var detected = utilDetect();
+         var highway_stack = {
+           motorway: 0,
+           motorway_link: 1,
+           trunk: 2,
+           trunk_link: 3,
+           primary: 4,
+           primary_link: 5,
+           secondary: 6,
+           tertiary: 7,
+           unclassified: 8,
+           residential: 9,
+           service: 10,
+           footway: 11
+         };
+
+         function drawTargets(selection, graph, entities, filter) {
+           var targetClass = context.getDebug('target') ? 'pink ' : 'nocolor ';
+           var nopeClass = context.getDebug('target') ? 'red ' : 'nocolor ';
+           var getPath = svgPath(projection).geojson;
+           var activeID = context.activeID();
+           var base = context.history().base(); // The targets and nopes will be MultiLineString sub-segments of the ways
+
+           var data = {
+             targets: [],
+             nopes: []
+           };
+           entities.forEach(function (way) {
+             var features = svgSegmentWay(way, graph, activeID);
+             data.targets.push.apply(data.targets, features.passive);
+             data.nopes.push.apply(data.nopes, features.active);
+           }); // Targets allow hover and vertex snapping
+
+           var targetData = data.targets.filter(getPath);
+           var targets = selection.selectAll('.line.target-allowed').filter(function (d) {
+             return filter(d.properties.entity);
+           }).data(targetData, function key(d) {
+             return d.id;
+           }); // exit
+
+           targets.exit().remove();
+
+           var segmentWasEdited = function segmentWasEdited(d) {
+             var wayID = d.properties.entity.id; // if the whole line was edited, don't draw segment changes
+
+             if (!base.entities[wayID] || !fastDeepEqual(graph.entities[wayID].nodes, base.entities[wayID].nodes)) {
+               return false;
+             }
 
-               if (geoScaleToZoom(k, TILESIZE) < _minzoom) {
-                   surface.interrupt();
-                   dispatch$1.call('hitMinZoom', this, map);
-                   setCenterZoom(map.center(), context.minEditableZoom(), 0, true);
-                   scheduleRedraw();
-                   dispatch$1.call('move', this, map);
-                   return;
-               }
+             return d.properties.nodes.some(function (n) {
+               return !base.entities[n.id] || !fastDeepEqual(graph.entities[n.id].loc, base.entities[n.id].loc);
+             });
+           }; // enter/update
 
-               projection.transform(eventTransform);
 
-               var scale = k / _transformStart.k;
-               var tX = (x / scale - _transformStart.x) * scale;
-               var tY = (y / scale - _transformStart.y) * scale;
+           targets.enter().append('path').merge(targets).attr('d', getPath).attr('class', function (d) {
+             return 'way line target target-allowed ' + targetClass + d.id;
+           }).classed('segment-edited', segmentWasEdited); // NOPE
 
-               if (context.inIntro()) {
-                   curtainProjection.transform({
-                       x: x - tX,
-                       y: y - tY,
-                       k: k
-                   });
-               }
+           var nopeData = data.nopes.filter(getPath);
+           var nopes = selection.selectAll('.line.target-nope').filter(function (d) {
+             return filter(d.properties.entity);
+           }).data(nopeData, function key(d) {
+             return d.id;
+           }); // exit
 
-               if (source) {
-                   _lastPointerEvent = event$1;
-               }
-               _isTransformed = true;
-               _transformLast = eventTransform;
-               utilSetTransform(supersurface, tX, tY, scale);
-               scheduleRedraw();
+           nopes.exit().remove(); // enter/update
 
-               dispatch$1.call('move', this, map);
+           nopes.enter().append('path').merge(nopes).attr('d', getPath).attr('class', function (d) {
+             return 'way line target target-nope ' + nopeClass + d.id;
+           }).classed('segment-edited', segmentWasEdited);
+         }
 
+         function drawLines(selection, graph, entities, filter) {
+           var base = context.history().base();
 
-               function isInteger(val) {
-                   return typeof val === 'number' && isFinite(val) && Math.floor(val) === val;
-               }
-           }
+           function waystack(a, b) {
+             var selected = context.selectedIDs();
+             var scoreA = selected.indexOf(a.id) !== -1 ? 20 : 0;
+             var scoreB = selected.indexOf(b.id) !== -1 ? 20 : 0;
 
+             if (a.tags.highway) {
+               scoreA -= highway_stack[a.tags.highway];
+             }
 
-           function resetTransform() {
-               if (!_isTransformed) return false;
+             if (b.tags.highway) {
+               scoreB -= highway_stack[b.tags.highway];
+             }
 
-               utilSetTransform(supersurface, 0, 0);
-               _isTransformed = false;
-               if (context.inIntro()) {
-                   curtainProjection.transform(projection.transform());
-               }
-               return true;
+             return scoreA - scoreB;
            }
 
+           function drawLineGroup(selection, klass, isSelected) {
+             // Note: Don't add `.selected` class in draw modes
+             var mode = context.mode();
+             var isDrawing = mode && /^draw/.test(mode.id);
+             var selectedClass = !isDrawing && isSelected ? 'selected ' : '';
+             var lines = selection.selectAll('path').filter(filter).data(getPathData(isSelected), osmEntity.key);
+             lines.exit().remove(); // Optimization: Call expensive TagClasses only on enter selection. This
+             // works because osmEntity.key is defined to include the entity v attribute.
 
-           function redraw(difference, extent) {
-               if (surface.empty() || !_redrawEnabled) return;
+             lines.enter().append('path').attr('class', function (d) {
+               var prefix = 'way line'; // if this line isn't styled by its own tags
 
-               // If we are in the middle of a zoom/pan, we can't do differenced redraws.
-               // It would result in artifacts where differenced entities are redrawn with
-               // one transform and unchanged entities with another.
-               if (resetTransform()) {
-                   difference = extent = undefined;
-               }
-
-               var zoom = map.zoom();
-               var z = String(~~zoom);
+               if (!d.hasInterestingTags()) {
+                 var parentRelations = graph.parentRelations(d);
+                 var parentMultipolygons = parentRelations.filter(function (relation) {
+                   return relation.isMultipolygon();
+                 }); // and if it's a member of at least one multipolygon relation
 
-               if (surface.attr('data-zoom') !== z) {
-                   surface.attr('data-zoom', z);
+                 if (parentMultipolygons.length > 0 && // and only multipolygon relations
+                 parentRelations.length === parentMultipolygons.length) {
+                   // then fudge the classes to style this as an area edge
+                   prefix = 'relation area';
+                 }
                }
 
-               // class surface as `lowzoom` around z17-z18.5 (based on latitude)
-               var lat = map.center()[1];
-               var lowzoom = linear$2()
-                   .domain([-60, 0, 60])
-                   .range([17, 18.5, 17])
-                   .clamp(true);
-
-               surface
-                   .classed('low-zoom', zoom <= lowzoom(lat));
+               var oldMPClass = oldMultiPolygonOuters[d.id] ? 'old-multipolygon ' : '';
+               return prefix + ' ' + klass + ' ' + selectedClass + oldMPClass + d.id;
+             }).classed('added', function (d) {
+               return !base.entities[d.id];
+             }).classed('geometry-edited', function (d) {
+               return graph.entities[d.id] && base.entities[d.id] && !fastDeepEqual(graph.entities[d.id].nodes, base.entities[d.id].nodes);
+             }).classed('retagged', function (d) {
+               return graph.entities[d.id] && base.entities[d.id] && !fastDeepEqual(graph.entities[d.id].tags, base.entities[d.id].tags);
+             }).call(svgTagClasses()).merge(lines).sort(waystack).attr('d', getPath).call(svgTagClasses().tags(svgRelationMemberTags(graph)));
+             return selection;
+           }
+
+           function getPathData(isSelected) {
+             return function () {
+               var layer = this.parentNode.__data__;
+               var data = pathdata[layer] || [];
+               return data.filter(function (d) {
+                 if (isSelected) {
+                   return context.selectedIDs().indexOf(d.id) !== -1;
+                 } else {
+                   return context.selectedIDs().indexOf(d.id) === -1;
+                 }
+               });
+             };
+           }
 
+           function addMarkers(layergroup, pathclass, groupclass, groupdata, marker) {
+             var markergroup = layergroup.selectAll('g.' + groupclass).data([pathclass]);
+             markergroup = markergroup.enter().append('g').attr('class', groupclass).merge(markergroup);
+             var markers = markergroup.selectAll('path').filter(filter).data(function data() {
+               return groupdata[this.parentNode.__data__] || [];
+             }, function key(d) {
+               return [d.id, d.index];
+             });
+             markers.exit().remove();
+             markers = markers.enter().append('path').attr('class', pathclass).merge(markers).attr('marker-mid', marker).attr('d', function (d) {
+               return d.d;
+             });
 
-               if (!difference) {
-                   supersurface.call(context.background());
-                   wrapper.call(drawLayers);
-               }
+             if (detected.ie) {
+               markers.each(function () {
+                 this.parentNode.insertBefore(this, this);
+               });
+             }
+           }
 
-               // OSM
-               if (map.editableDataEnabled() || map.isInWideSelection()) {
-                   context.loadTiles(projection);
-                   drawEditable(difference, extent);
-               } else {
-                   editOff();
-               }
+           var getPath = svgPath(projection, graph);
+           var ways = [];
+           var onewaydata = {};
+           var sideddata = {};
+           var oldMultiPolygonOuters = {};
 
-               _transformStart = projection.transform();
+           for (var i = 0; i < entities.length; i++) {
+             var entity = entities[i];
+             var outer = osmOldMultipolygonOuterMember(entity, graph);
 
-               return map;
+             if (outer) {
+               ways.push(entity.mergeTags(outer.tags));
+               oldMultiPolygonOuters[outer.id] = true;
+             } else if (entity.geometry(graph) === 'line') {
+               ways.push(entity);
+             }
            }
 
+           ways = ways.filter(getPath);
+           var pathdata = utilArrayGroupBy(ways, function (way) {
+             return way.layer();
+           });
+           Object.keys(pathdata).forEach(function (k) {
+             var v = pathdata[k];
+             var onewayArr = v.filter(function (d) {
+               return d.isOneWay();
+             });
+             var onewaySegments = svgMarkerSegments(projection, graph, 35, function shouldReverse(entity) {
+               return entity.tags.oneway === '-1';
+             }, function bothDirections(entity) {
+               return entity.tags.oneway === 'reversible' || entity.tags.oneway === 'alternating';
+             });
+             onewaydata[k] = utilArrayFlatten(onewayArr.map(onewaySegments));
+             var sidedArr = v.filter(function (d) {
+               return d.isSided();
+             });
+             var sidedSegments = svgMarkerSegments(projection, graph, 30, function shouldReverse() {
+               return false;
+             }, function bothDirections() {
+               return false;
+             });
+             sideddata[k] = utilArrayFlatten(sidedArr.map(sidedSegments));
+           });
+           var covered = selection.selectAll('.layer-osm.covered'); // under areas
 
+           var uncovered = selection.selectAll('.layer-osm.lines'); // over areas
 
-           var immediateRedraw = function(difference, extent) {
-               if (!difference && !extent) cancelPendingRedraw();
-               redraw(difference, extent);
-           };
+           var touchLayer = selection.selectAll('.layer-touch.lines'); // Draw lines..
 
+           [covered, uncovered].forEach(function (selection) {
+             var range = selection === covered ? range$1(-10, 0) : range$1(0, 11);
+             var layergroup = selection.selectAll('g.layergroup').data(range);
+             layergroup = layergroup.enter().append('g').attr('class', function (d) {
+               return 'layergroup layer' + String(d);
+             }).merge(layergroup);
+             layergroup.selectAll('g.linegroup').data(['shadow', 'casing', 'stroke', 'shadow-highlighted', 'casing-highlighted', 'stroke-highlighted']).enter().append('g').attr('class', function (d) {
+               return 'linegroup line-' + d;
+             });
+             layergroup.selectAll('g.line-shadow').call(drawLineGroup, 'shadow', false);
+             layergroup.selectAll('g.line-casing').call(drawLineGroup, 'casing', false);
+             layergroup.selectAll('g.line-stroke').call(drawLineGroup, 'stroke', false);
+             layergroup.selectAll('g.line-shadow-highlighted').call(drawLineGroup, 'shadow', true);
+             layergroup.selectAll('g.line-casing-highlighted').call(drawLineGroup, 'casing', true);
+             layergroup.selectAll('g.line-stroke-highlighted').call(drawLineGroup, 'stroke', true);
+             addMarkers(layergroup, 'oneway', 'onewaygroup', onewaydata, 'url(#ideditor-oneway-marker)');
+             addMarkers(layergroup, 'sided', 'sidedgroup', sideddata, function marker(d) {
+               var category = graph.entity(d.id).sidednessIdentifier();
+               return 'url(#ideditor-sided-marker-' + category + ')';
+             });
+           }); // Draw touch targets..
 
-           map.lastPointerEvent = function() {
-               return _lastPointerEvent;
-           };
+           touchLayer.call(drawTargets, graph, ways, filter);
+         }
+
+         return drawLines;
+       }
 
+       function svgMidpoints(projection, context) {
+         var targetRadius = 8;
 
-           map.mouse = function() {
-               var event$1 = _lastPointerEvent || event;
-               if (event$1) {
-                   var s;
-                   while ((s = event$1.sourceEvent)) { event$1 = s; }
-                   return _getMouseCoords(event$1);
+         function drawTargets(selection, graph, entities, filter) {
+           var fillClass = context.getDebug('target') ? 'pink ' : 'nocolor ';
+           var getTransform = svgPointTransform(projection).geojson;
+           var data = entities.map(function (midpoint) {
+             return {
+               type: 'Feature',
+               id: midpoint.id,
+               properties: {
+                 target: true,
+                 entity: midpoint
+               },
+               geometry: {
+                 type: 'Point',
+                 coordinates: midpoint.loc
                }
-               return null;
-           };
+             };
+           });
+           var targets = selection.selectAll('.midpoint.target').filter(function (d) {
+             return filter(d.properties.entity);
+           }).data(data, function key(d) {
+             return d.id;
+           }); // exit
 
+           targets.exit().remove(); // enter/update
 
-           // returns Lng/Lat
-           map.mouseCoordinates = function() {
-               var coord = map.mouse() || pxCenter();
-               return projection.invert(coord);
-           };
+           targets.enter().append('circle').attr('r', targetRadius).merge(targets).attr('class', function (d) {
+             return 'node midpoint target ' + fillClass + d.id;
+           }).attr('transform', getTransform);
+         }
 
+         function drawMidpoints(selection, graph, entities, filter, extent) {
+           var drawLayer = selection.selectAll('.layer-osm.points .points-group.midpoints');
+           var touchLayer = selection.selectAll('.layer-touch.points');
+           var mode = context.mode();
 
-           map.dblclickZoomEnable = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _dblClickZoomEnabled;
-               _dblClickZoomEnabled = val;
-               return map;
-           };
+           if (mode && mode.id !== 'select' || !context.map().withinEditableZoom()) {
+             drawLayer.selectAll('.midpoint').remove();
+             touchLayer.selectAll('.midpoint.target').remove();
+             return;
+           }
 
+           var poly = extent.polygon();
+           var midpoints = {};
 
-           map.redrawEnable = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _redrawEnabled;
-               _redrawEnabled = val;
-               return map;
-           };
+           for (var i = 0; i < entities.length; i++) {
+             var entity = entities[i];
+             if (entity.type !== 'way') continue;
+             if (!filter(entity)) continue;
+             if (context.selectedIDs().indexOf(entity.id) < 0) continue;
+             var nodes = graph.childNodes(entity);
 
+             for (var j = 0; j < nodes.length - 1; j++) {
+               var a = nodes[j];
+               var b = nodes[j + 1];
+               var id = [a.id, b.id].sort().join('-');
 
-           map.isTransformed = function() {
-               return _isTransformed;
-           };
+               if (midpoints[id]) {
+                 midpoints[id].parents.push(entity);
+               } else if (geoVecLength(projection(a.loc), projection(b.loc)) > 40) {
+                 var point = geoVecInterp(a.loc, b.loc, 0.5);
+                 var loc = null;
 
+                 if (extent.intersects(point)) {
+                   loc = point;
+                 } else {
+                   for (var k = 0; k < 4; k++) {
+                     point = geoLineIntersection([a.loc, b.loc], [poly[k], poly[k + 1]]);
 
-           function setTransform(t2, duration, force) {
-               var t = projection.transform();
-               if (!force && t2.k === t.k && t2.x === t.x && t2.y === t.y) return false;
+                     if (point && geoVecLength(projection(a.loc), projection(point)) > 20 && geoVecLength(projection(b.loc), projection(point)) > 20) {
+                       loc = point;
+                       break;
+                     }
+                   }
+                 }
 
-               if (duration) {
-                   _selection
-                       .transition()
-                       .duration(duration)
-                       .on('start', function() { map.startEase(); })
-                       .call(_zoomerPanner.transform, identity$2.translate(t2.x, t2.y).scale(t2.k));
-               } else {
-                   projection.transform(t2);
-                   _transformStart = t2;
-                   _selection.call(_zoomerPanner.transform, _transformStart);
+                 if (loc) {
+                   midpoints[id] = {
+                     type: 'midpoint',
+                     id: id,
+                     loc: loc,
+                     edge: [a.id, b.id],
+                     parents: [entity]
+                   };
+                 }
                }
-
-               return true;
+             }
            }
 
+           function midpointFilter(d) {
+             if (midpoints[d.id]) return true;
 
-           function setCenterZoom(loc2, z2, duration, force) {
-               var c = map.center();
-               var z = map.zoom();
-               if (loc2[0] === c[0] && loc2[1] === c[1] && z2 === z && !force) return false;
+             for (var i = 0; i < d.parents.length; i++) {
+               if (filter(d.parents[i])) {
+                 return true;
+               }
+             }
 
-               var proj = geoRawMercator().transform(projection.transform());  // copy projection
+             return false;
+           }
 
-               var k2 = clamp(geoZoomToScale(z2, TILESIZE), kMin, kMax);
-               proj.scale(k2);
+           var groups = drawLayer.selectAll('.midpoint').filter(midpointFilter).data(Object.values(midpoints), function (d) {
+             return d.id;
+           });
+           groups.exit().remove();
+           var enter = groups.enter().insert('g', ':first-child').attr('class', 'midpoint');
+           enter.append('polygon').attr('points', '-6,8 10,0 -6,-8').attr('class', 'shadow');
+           enter.append('polygon').attr('points', '-3,4 5,0 -3,-4').attr('class', 'fill');
+           groups = groups.merge(enter).attr('transform', function (d) {
+             var translate = svgPointTransform(projection);
+             var a = graph.entity(d.edge[0]);
+             var b = graph.entity(d.edge[1]);
+             var angle = geoAngle(a, b, projection) * (180 / Math.PI);
+             return translate(d) + ' rotate(' + angle + ')';
+           }).call(svgTagClasses().tags(function (d) {
+             return d.parents[0].tags;
+           })); // Propagate data bindings.
 
-               var t = proj.translate();
-               var point = proj(loc2);
+           groups.select('polygon.shadow');
+           groups.select('polygon.fill'); // Draw touch targets..
 
-               var center = pxCenter();
-               t[0] += center[0] - point[0];
-               t[1] += center[1] - point[1];
+           touchLayer.call(drawTargets, graph, Object.values(midpoints), midpointFilter);
+         }
 
-               return setTransform(identity$2.translate(t[0], t[1]).scale(k2), duration, force);
-           }
+         return drawMidpoints;
+       }
 
+       function svgPoints(projection, context) {
+         function markerPath(selection, klass) {
+           selection.attr('class', klass).attr('transform', 'translate(-8, -23)').attr('d', 'M 17,8 C 17,13 11,21 8.5,23.5 C 6,21 0,13 0,8 C 0,4 4,-0.5 8.5,-0.5 C 13,-0.5 17,4 17,8 z');
+         }
 
-           map.pan = function(delta, duration) {
-               var t = projection.translate();
-               var k = projection.scale();
+         function sortY(a, b) {
+           return b.loc[1] - a.loc[1];
+         } // Avoid exit/enter if we're just moving stuff around.
+         // The node will get a new version but we only need to run the update selection.
 
-               t[0] += delta[0];
-               t[1] += delta[1];
 
-               if (duration) {
-                   _selection
-                       .transition()
-                       .duration(duration)
-                       .on('start', function() { map.startEase(); })
-                       .call(_zoomerPanner.transform, identity$2.translate(t[0], t[1]).scale(k));
-               } else {
-                   projection.translate(t);
-                   _transformStart = projection.transform();
-                   _selection.call(_zoomerPanner.transform, _transformStart);
-                   dispatch$1.call('move', this, map);
-                   immediateRedraw();
-               }
+         function fastEntityKey(d) {
+           var mode = context.mode();
+           var isMoving = mode && /^(add|draw|drag|move|rotate)/.test(mode.id);
+           return isMoving ? d.id : osmEntity.key(d);
+         }
 
-               return map;
-           };
+         function drawTargets(selection, graph, entities, filter) {
+           var fillClass = context.getDebug('target') ? 'pink ' : 'nocolor ';
+           var getTransform = svgPointTransform(projection).geojson;
+           var activeID = context.activeID();
+           var data = [];
+           entities.forEach(function (node) {
+             if (activeID === node.id) return; // draw no target on the activeID
 
+             data.push({
+               type: 'Feature',
+               id: node.id,
+               properties: {
+                 target: true,
+                 entity: node
+               },
+               geometry: node.asGeoJSON()
+             });
+           });
+           var targets = selection.selectAll('.point.target').filter(function (d) {
+             return filter(d.properties.entity);
+           }).data(data, function key(d) {
+             return d.id;
+           }); // exit
+
+           targets.exit().remove(); // enter/update
+
+           targets.enter().append('rect').attr('x', -10).attr('y', -26).attr('width', 20).attr('height', 30).merge(targets).attr('class', function (d) {
+             return 'node point target ' + fillClass + d.id;
+           }).attr('transform', getTransform);
+         }
+
+         function drawPoints(selection, graph, entities, filter) {
+           var wireframe = context.surface().classed('fill-wireframe');
+           var zoom = geoScaleToZoom(projection.scale());
+           var base = context.history().base(); // Points with a direction will render as vertices at higher zooms..
+
+           function renderAsPoint(entity) {
+             return entity.geometry(graph) === 'point' && !(zoom >= 18 && entity.directions(graph, projection).length);
+           } // All points will render as vertices in wireframe mode too..
+
+
+           var points = wireframe ? [] : entities.filter(renderAsPoint);
+           points.sort(sortY);
+           var drawLayer = selection.selectAll('.layer-osm.points .points-group.points');
+           var touchLayer = selection.selectAll('.layer-touch.points'); // Draw points..
+
+           var groups = drawLayer.selectAll('g.point').filter(filter).data(points, fastEntityKey);
+           groups.exit().remove();
+           var enter = groups.enter().append('g').attr('class', function (d) {
+             return 'node point ' + d.id;
+           }).order();
+           enter.append('path').call(markerPath, 'shadow');
+           enter.append('ellipse').attr('cx', 0.5).attr('cy', 1).attr('rx', 6.5).attr('ry', 3).attr('class', 'stroke');
+           enter.append('path').call(markerPath, 'stroke');
+           enter.append('use').attr('transform', 'translate(-5, -19)').attr('class', 'icon').attr('width', '11px').attr('height', '11px');
+           groups = groups.merge(enter).attr('transform', svgPointTransform(projection)).classed('added', function (d) {
+             return !base.entities[d.id]; // if it doesn't exist in the base graph, it's new
+           }).classed('moved', function (d) {
+             return base.entities[d.id] && !fastDeepEqual(graph.entities[d.id].loc, base.entities[d.id].loc);
+           }).classed('retagged', function (d) {
+             return base.entities[d.id] && !fastDeepEqual(graph.entities[d.id].tags, base.entities[d.id].tags);
+           }).call(svgTagClasses());
+           groups.select('.shadow'); // propagate bound data
+
+           groups.select('.stroke'); // propagate bound data
+
+           groups.select('.icon') // propagate bound data
+           .attr('xlink:href', function (entity) {
+             var preset = _mainPresetIndex.match(entity, graph);
+             var picon = preset && preset.icon;
+
+             if (!picon) {
+               return '';
+             } else {
+               var isMaki = /^maki-/.test(picon);
+               return '#' + picon + (isMaki ? '-11' : '');
+             }
+           }); // Draw touch targets..
 
-           map.dimensions = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _dimensions;
+           touchLayer.call(drawTargets, graph, points, filter);
+         }
 
-               _dimensions = val;
-               drawLayers.dimensions(_dimensions);
-               context.background().dimensions(_dimensions);
-               projection.clipExtent([[0, 0], _dimensions]);
-               _getMouseCoords = utilFastMouse(supersurface.node());
+         return drawPoints;
+       }
 
-               scheduleRedraw();
-               return map;
-           };
+       function svgTurns(projection, context) {
+         function icon(turn) {
+           var u = turn.u ? '-u' : '';
+           if (turn.no) return '#iD-turn-no' + u;
+           if (turn.only) return '#iD-turn-only' + u;
+           return '#iD-turn-yes' + u;
+         }
 
+         function drawTurns(selection, graph, turns) {
+           function turnTransform(d) {
+             var pxRadius = 50;
+             var toWay = graph.entity(d.to.way);
+             var toPoints = graph.childNodes(toWay).map(function (n) {
+               return n.loc;
+             }).map(projection);
+             var toLength = geoPathLength(toPoints);
+             var mid = toLength / 2; // midpoint of destination way
 
-           function zoomIn(delta) {
-               setCenterZoom(map.center(), ~~map.zoom() + delta, 250, true);
-           }
+             var toNode = graph.entity(d.to.node);
+             var toVertex = graph.entity(d.to.vertex);
+             var a = geoAngle(toVertex, toNode, projection);
+             var o = projection(toVertex.loc);
+             var r = d.u ? 0 // u-turn: no radius
+             : !toWay.__via ? pxRadius // leaf way: put marker at pxRadius
+             : Math.min(mid, pxRadius); // via way: prefer pxRadius, fallback to mid for very short ways
 
-           function zoomOut(delta) {
-               setCenterZoom(map.center(), ~~map.zoom() - delta, 250, true);
+             return 'translate(' + (r * Math.cos(a) + o[0]) + ',' + (r * Math.sin(a) + o[1]) + ') ' + 'rotate(' + a * 180 / Math.PI + ')';
            }
 
-           map.zoomIn = function() { zoomIn(1); };
-           map.zoomInFurther = function() { zoomIn(4); };
-           map.canZoomIn = function() { return map.zoom() < maxZoom; };
-
-           map.zoomOut = function() { zoomOut(1); };
-           map.zoomOutFurther = function() { zoomOut(4); };
-           map.canZoomOut = function() { return map.zoom() > minZoom; };
+           var drawLayer = selection.selectAll('.layer-osm.points .points-group.turns');
+           var touchLayer = selection.selectAll('.layer-touch.turns'); // Draw turns..
 
-           map.center = function(loc2) {
-               if (!arguments.length) {
-                   return projection.invert(pxCenter());
-               }
+           var groups = drawLayer.selectAll('g.turn').data(turns, function (d) {
+             return d.key;
+           }); // exit
 
-               if (setCenterZoom(loc2, map.zoom())) {
-                   dispatch$1.call('move', this, map);
-               }
+           groups.exit().remove(); // enter
 
-               scheduleRedraw();
-               return map;
-           };
+           var groupsEnter = groups.enter().append('g').attr('class', function (d) {
+             return 'turn ' + d.key;
+           });
+           var turnsEnter = groupsEnter.filter(function (d) {
+             return !d.u;
+           });
+           turnsEnter.append('rect').attr('transform', 'translate(-22, -12)').attr('width', '44').attr('height', '24');
+           turnsEnter.append('use').attr('transform', 'translate(-22, -12)').attr('width', '44').attr('height', '24');
+           var uEnter = groupsEnter.filter(function (d) {
+             return d.u;
+           });
+           uEnter.append('circle').attr('r', '16');
+           uEnter.append('use').attr('transform', 'translate(-16, -16)').attr('width', '32').attr('height', '32'); // update
 
-           map.unobscuredCenterZoomEase = function(loc, zoom) {
-               var offset = map.unobscuredOffsetPx();
+           groups = groups.merge(groupsEnter).attr('opacity', function (d) {
+             return d.direct === false ? '0.7' : null;
+           }).attr('transform', turnTransform);
+           groups.select('use').attr('xlink:href', icon);
+           groups.select('rect'); // propagate bound data
 
-               var proj = geoRawMercator().transform(projection.transform());  // copy projection
-               // use the target zoom to calculate the offset center
-               proj.scale(geoZoomToScale(zoom, TILESIZE));
+           groups.select('circle'); // propagate bound data
+           // Draw touch targets..
 
-               var locPx = proj(loc);
-               var offsetLocPx = [locPx[0] + offset[0], locPx[1] + offset[1]];
-               var offsetLoc = proj.invert(offsetLocPx);
+           var fillClass = context.getDebug('target') ? 'pink ' : 'nocolor ';
+           groups = touchLayer.selectAll('g.turn').data(turns, function (d) {
+             return d.key;
+           }); // exit
 
-               map.centerZoomEase(offsetLoc, zoom);
-           };
+           groups.exit().remove(); // enter
 
-           map.unobscuredOffsetPx = function() {
-               var openPane = context.container().select('.map-panes .map-pane.shown');
-               if (!openPane.empty()) {
-                   return [openPane.node().offsetWidth/2, 0];
-               }
-               return [0, 0];
-           };
+           groupsEnter = groups.enter().append('g').attr('class', function (d) {
+             return 'turn ' + d.key;
+           });
+           turnsEnter = groupsEnter.filter(function (d) {
+             return !d.u;
+           });
+           turnsEnter.append('rect').attr('class', 'target ' + fillClass).attr('transform', 'translate(-22, -12)').attr('width', '44').attr('height', '24');
+           uEnter = groupsEnter.filter(function (d) {
+             return d.u;
+           });
+           uEnter.append('circle').attr('class', 'target ' + fillClass).attr('r', '16'); // update
 
-           map.zoom = function(z2) {
-               if (!arguments.length) {
-                   return Math.max(geoScaleToZoom(projection.scale(), TILESIZE), 0);
-               }
+           groups = groups.merge(groupsEnter).attr('transform', turnTransform);
+           groups.select('rect'); // propagate bound data
 
-               if (z2 < _minzoom) {
-                   surface.interrupt();
-                   dispatch$1.call('hitMinZoom', this, map);
-                   z2 = context.minEditableZoom();
-               }
+           groups.select('circle'); // propagate bound data
 
-               if (setCenterZoom(map.center(), z2)) {
-                   dispatch$1.call('move', this, map);
-               }
+           return this;
+         }
 
-               scheduleRedraw();
-               return map;
-           };
+         return drawTurns;
+       }
 
+       function svgVertices(projection, context) {
+         var radiuses = {
+           //       z16-, z17,   z18+,  w/icon
+           shadow: [6, 7.5, 7.5, 12],
+           stroke: [2.5, 3.5, 3.5, 8],
+           fill: [1, 1.5, 1.5, 1.5]
+         };
+
+         var _currHoverTarget;
+
+         var _currPersistent = {};
+         var _currHover = {};
+         var _prevHover = {};
+         var _currSelected = {};
+         var _prevSelected = {};
+         var _radii = {};
+
+         function sortY(a, b) {
+           return b.loc[1] - a.loc[1];
+         } // Avoid exit/enter if we're just moving stuff around.
+         // The node will get a new version but we only need to run the update selection.
+
+
+         function fastEntityKey(d) {
+           var mode = context.mode();
+           var isMoving = mode && /^(add|draw|drag|move|rotate)/.test(mode.id);
+           return isMoving ? d.id : osmEntity.key(d);
+         }
+
+         function draw(selection, graph, vertices, sets, filter) {
+           sets = sets || {
+             selected: {},
+             important: {},
+             hovered: {}
+           };
+           var icons = {};
+           var directions = {};
+           var wireframe = context.surface().classed('fill-wireframe');
+           var zoom = geoScaleToZoom(projection.scale());
+           var z = zoom < 17 ? 0 : zoom < 18 ? 1 : 2;
+           var activeID = context.activeID();
+           var base = context.history().base();
+
+           function getIcon(d) {
+             // always check latest entity, as fastEntityKey avoids enter/exit now
+             var entity = graph.entity(d.id);
+             if (entity.id in icons) return icons[entity.id];
+             icons[entity.id] = entity.hasInterestingTags() && _mainPresetIndex.match(entity, graph).icon;
+             return icons[entity.id];
+           } // memoize directions results, return false for empty arrays (for use in filter)
+
+
+           function getDirections(entity) {
+             if (entity.id in directions) return directions[entity.id];
+             var angles = entity.directions(graph, projection);
+             directions[entity.id] = angles.length ? angles : false;
+             return angles;
+           }
+
+           function updateAttributes(selection) {
+             ['shadow', 'stroke', 'fill'].forEach(function (klass) {
+               var rads = radiuses[klass];
+               selection.selectAll('.' + klass).each(function (entity) {
+                 var i = z && getIcon(entity);
+                 var r = rads[i ? 3 : z]; // slightly increase the size of unconnected endpoints #3775
+
+                 if (entity.id !== activeID && entity.isEndpoint(graph) && !entity.isConnected(graph)) {
+                   r += 1.5;
+                 }
 
-           map.centerZoom = function(loc2, z2) {
-               if (setCenterZoom(loc2, z2)) {
-                   dispatch$1.call('move', this, map);
-               }
+                 if (klass === 'shadow') {
+                   // remember this value, so we don't need to
+                   _radii[entity.id] = r; // recompute it when we draw the touch targets
+                 }
 
-               scheduleRedraw();
-               return map;
-           };
+                 select(this).attr('r', r).attr('visibility', i && klass === 'fill' ? 'hidden' : null);
+               });
+             });
+           }
 
+           vertices.sort(sortY);
+           var groups = selection.selectAll('g.vertex').filter(filter).data(vertices, fastEntityKey); // exit
 
-           map.zoomTo = function(entity) {
-               var extent = entity.extent(context.graph());
-               if (!isFinite(extent.area())) return map;
+           groups.exit().remove(); // enter
 
-               var z2 = clamp(map.trimmedExtentZoom(extent), 0, 20);
-               return map.centerZoom(extent.center(), z2);
-           };
+           var enter = groups.enter().append('g').attr('class', function (d) {
+             return 'node vertex ' + d.id;
+           }).order();
+           enter.append('circle').attr('class', 'shadow');
+           enter.append('circle').attr('class', 'stroke'); // Vertices with tags get a fill.
 
+           enter.filter(function (d) {
+             return d.hasInterestingTags();
+           }).append('circle').attr('class', 'fill'); // update
 
-           map.centerEase = function(loc2, duration) {
-               duration = duration || 250;
-               setCenterZoom(loc2, map.zoom(), duration);
-               return map;
-           };
+           groups = groups.merge(enter).attr('transform', svgPointTransform(projection)).classed('sibling', function (d) {
+             return d.id in sets.selected;
+           }).classed('shared', function (d) {
+             return graph.isShared(d);
+           }).classed('endpoint', function (d) {
+             return d.isEndpoint(graph);
+           }).classed('added', function (d) {
+             return !base.entities[d.id]; // if it doesn't exist in the base graph, it's new
+           }).classed('moved', function (d) {
+             return base.entities[d.id] && !fastDeepEqual(graph.entities[d.id].loc, base.entities[d.id].loc);
+           }).classed('retagged', function (d) {
+             return base.entities[d.id] && !fastDeepEqual(graph.entities[d.id].tags, base.entities[d.id].tags);
+           }).call(updateAttributes); // Vertices with icons get a `use`.
 
+           var iconUse = groups.selectAll('.icon').data(function data(d) {
+             return zoom >= 17 && getIcon(d) ? [d] : [];
+           }, fastEntityKey); // exit
 
-           map.zoomEase = function(z2, duration) {
-               duration = duration || 250;
-               setCenterZoom(map.center(), z2, duration, false);
-               return map;
-           };
+           iconUse.exit().remove(); // enter
 
+           iconUse.enter().append('use').attr('class', 'icon').attr('width', '11px').attr('height', '11px').attr('transform', 'translate(-5.5, -5.5)').attr('xlink:href', function (d) {
+             var picon = getIcon(d);
+             var isMaki = /^maki-/.test(picon);
+             return '#' + picon + (isMaki ? '-11' : '');
+           }); // Vertices with directions get viewfields
 
-           map.centerZoomEase = function(loc2, z2, duration) {
-               duration = duration || 250;
-               setCenterZoom(loc2, z2, duration, false);
-               return map;
-           };
+           var dgroups = groups.selectAll('.viewfieldgroup').data(function data(d) {
+             return zoom >= 18 && getDirections(d) ? [d] : [];
+           }, fastEntityKey); // exit
 
+           dgroups.exit().remove(); // enter/update
 
-           map.transformEase = function(t2, duration) {
-               duration = duration || 250;
-               setTransform(t2, duration, false /* don't force */);
-               return map;
-           };
+           dgroups = dgroups.enter().insert('g', '.shadow').attr('class', 'viewfieldgroup').merge(dgroups);
+           var viewfields = dgroups.selectAll('.viewfield').data(getDirections, function key(d) {
+             return osmEntity.key(d);
+           }); // exit
 
+           viewfields.exit().remove(); // enter/update
 
-           map.zoomToEase = function(obj, duration) {
-               var extent;
-               if (Array.isArray(obj)) {
-                   obj.forEach(function(entity) {
-                       var entityExtent = entity.extent(context.graph());
-                       if (!extent) {
-                           extent = entityExtent;
-                       } else {
-                           extent = extent.extend(entityExtent);
-                       }
-                   });
-               } else {
-                   extent = obj.extent(context.graph());
-               }
-               if (!isFinite(extent.area())) return map;
+           viewfields.enter().append('path').attr('class', 'viewfield').attr('d', 'M0,0H0').merge(viewfields).attr('marker-start', 'url(#ideditor-viewfield-marker' + (wireframe ? '-wireframe' : '') + ')').attr('transform', function (d) {
+             return 'rotate(' + d + ')';
+           });
+         }
 
-               var z2 = clamp(map.trimmedExtentZoom(extent), 0, 20);
-               return map.centerZoomEase(extent.center(), z2, duration);
+         function drawTargets(selection, graph, entities, filter) {
+           var targetClass = context.getDebug('target') ? 'pink ' : 'nocolor ';
+           var nopeClass = context.getDebug('target') ? 'red ' : 'nocolor ';
+           var getTransform = svgPointTransform(projection).geojson;
+           var activeID = context.activeID();
+           var data = {
+             targets: [],
+             nopes: []
            };
+           entities.forEach(function (node) {
+             if (activeID === node.id) return; // draw no target on the activeID
 
+             var vertexType = svgPassiveVertex(node, graph, activeID);
 
-           map.startEase = function() {
-               utilBindOnce(surface, _pointerPrefix + 'down.ease', function() {
-                   map.cancelEase();
+             if (vertexType !== 0) {
+               // passive or adjacent - allow to connect
+               data.targets.push({
+                 type: 'Feature',
+                 id: node.id,
+                 properties: {
+                   target: true,
+                   entity: node
+                 },
+                 geometry: node.asGeoJSON()
                });
-               return map;
-           };
+             } else {
+               data.nopes.push({
+                 type: 'Feature',
+                 id: node.id + '-nope',
+                 properties: {
+                   nope: true,
+                   target: true,
+                   entity: node
+                 },
+                 geometry: node.asGeoJSON()
+               });
+             }
+           }); // Targets allow hover and vertex snapping
 
+           var targets = selection.selectAll('.vertex.target-allowed').filter(function (d) {
+             return filter(d.properties.entity);
+           }).data(data.targets, function key(d) {
+             return d.id;
+           }); // exit
 
-           map.cancelEase = function() {
-               _selection.interrupt();
-               return map;
-           };
+           targets.exit().remove(); // enter/update
 
+           targets.enter().append('circle').attr('r', function (d) {
+             return _radii[d.id] || radiuses.shadow[3];
+           }).merge(targets).attr('class', function (d) {
+             return 'node vertex target target-allowed ' + targetClass + d.id;
+           }).attr('transform', getTransform); // NOPE
 
-           map.extent = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) {
-                   return new geoExtent(
-                       projection.invert([0, _dimensions[1]]),
-                       projection.invert([_dimensions[0], 0])
-                   );
-               } else {
-                   var extent = geoExtent(val);
-                   map.centerZoom(extent.center(), map.extentZoom(extent));
-               }
-           };
+           var nopes = selection.selectAll('.vertex.target-nope').filter(function (d) {
+             return filter(d.properties.entity);
+           }).data(data.nopes, function key(d) {
+             return d.id;
+           }); // exit
 
+           nopes.exit().remove(); // enter/update
 
-           map.trimmedExtent = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) {
-                   var headerY = 71;
-                   var footerY = 30;
-                   var pad = 10;
-                   return new geoExtent(
-                       projection.invert([pad, _dimensions[1] - footerY - pad]),
-                       projection.invert([_dimensions[0] - pad, headerY + pad])
-                   );
-               } else {
-                   var extent = geoExtent(val);
-                   map.centerZoom(extent.center(), map.trimmedExtentZoom(extent));
-               }
-           };
+           nopes.enter().append('circle').attr('r', function (d) {
+             return _radii[d.properties.entity.id] || radiuses.shadow[3];
+           }).merge(nopes).attr('class', function (d) {
+             return 'node vertex target target-nope ' + nopeClass + d.id;
+           }).attr('transform', getTransform);
+         } // Points can also render as vertices:
+         // 1. in wireframe mode or
+         // 2. at higher zooms if they have a direction
 
 
-           function calcExtentZoom(extent, dim) {
-               var tl = projection([extent[0][0], extent[1][1]]);
-               var br = projection([extent[1][0], extent[0][1]]);
+         function renderAsVertex(entity, graph, wireframe, zoom) {
+           var geometry = entity.geometry(graph);
+           return geometry === 'vertex' || geometry === 'point' && (wireframe || zoom >= 18 && entity.directions(graph, projection).length);
+         }
 
-               // Calculate maximum zoom that fits extent
-               var hFactor = (br[0] - tl[0]) / dim[0];
-               var vFactor = (br[1] - tl[1]) / dim[1];
-               var hZoomDiff = Math.log(Math.abs(hFactor)) / Math.LN2;
-               var vZoomDiff = Math.log(Math.abs(vFactor)) / Math.LN2;
-               var newZoom = map.zoom() - Math.max(hZoomDiff, vZoomDiff);
+         function isEditedNode(node, base, head) {
+           var baseNode = base.entities[node.id];
+           var headNode = head.entities[node.id];
+           return !headNode || !baseNode || !fastDeepEqual(headNode.tags, baseNode.tags) || !fastDeepEqual(headNode.loc, baseNode.loc);
+         }
 
-               return newZoom;
-           }
+         function getSiblingAndChildVertices(ids, graph, wireframe, zoom) {
+           var results = {};
+           var seenIds = {};
 
+           function addChildVertices(entity) {
+             // avoid redundant work and infinite recursion of circular relations
+             if (seenIds[entity.id]) return;
+             seenIds[entity.id] = true;
+             var geometry = entity.geometry(graph);
 
-           map.extentZoom = function(val) {
-               return calcExtentZoom(geoExtent(val), _dimensions);
-           };
+             if (!context.features().isHiddenFeature(entity, graph, geometry)) {
+               var i;
 
+               if (entity.type === 'way') {
+                 for (i = 0; i < entity.nodes.length; i++) {
+                   var child = graph.hasEntity(entity.nodes[i]);
 
-           map.trimmedExtentZoom = function(val) {
-               var trimY = 120;
-               var trimX = 40;
-               var trimmed = [_dimensions[0] - trimX, _dimensions[1] - trimY];
-               return calcExtentZoom(geoExtent(val), trimmed);
-           };
+                   if (child) {
+                     addChildVertices(child);
+                   }
+                 }
+               } else if (entity.type === 'relation') {
+                 for (i = 0; i < entity.members.length; i++) {
+                   var member = graph.hasEntity(entity.members[i].id);
 
+                   if (member) {
+                     addChildVertices(member);
+                   }
+                 }
+               } else if (renderAsVertex(entity, graph, wireframe, zoom)) {
+                 results[entity.id] = entity;
+               }
+             }
+           }
 
-           map.withinEditableZoom = function() {
-               return map.zoom() >= context.minEditableZoom();
-           };
+           ids.forEach(function (id) {
+             var entity = graph.hasEntity(id);
+             if (!entity) return;
 
+             if (entity.type === 'node') {
+               if (renderAsVertex(entity, graph, wireframe, zoom)) {
+                 results[entity.id] = entity;
+                 graph.parentWays(entity).forEach(function (entity) {
+                   addChildVertices(entity);
+                 });
+               }
+             } else {
+               // way, relation
+               addChildVertices(entity);
+             }
+           });
+           return results;
+         }
 
-           map.isInWideSelection = function() {
-               return !map.withinEditableZoom() && context.selectedIDs().length;
-           };
+         function drawVertices(selection, graph, entities, filter, extent, fullRedraw) {
+           var wireframe = context.surface().classed('fill-wireframe');
+           var visualDiff = context.surface().classed('highlight-edited');
+           var zoom = geoScaleToZoom(projection.scale());
+           var mode = context.mode();
+           var isMoving = mode && /^(add|draw|drag|move|rotate)/.test(mode.id);
+           var base = context.history().base();
+           var drawLayer = selection.selectAll('.layer-osm.points .points-group.vertices');
+           var touchLayer = selection.selectAll('.layer-touch.points');
 
+           if (fullRedraw) {
+             _currPersistent = {};
+             _radii = {};
+           } // Collect important vertices from the `entities` list..
+           // (during a partial redraw, it will not contain everything)
 
-           map.editableDataEnabled = function(skipZoomCheck) {
 
-               var layer = context.layers().layer('osm');
-               if (!layer || !layer.enabled()) return false;
+           for (var i = 0; i < entities.length; i++) {
+             var entity = entities[i];
+             var geometry = entity.geometry(graph);
+             var keep = false; // a point that looks like a vertex..
 
-               return skipZoomCheck || map.withinEditableZoom();
-           };
+             if (geometry === 'point' && renderAsVertex(entity, graph, wireframe, zoom)) {
+               _currPersistent[entity.id] = entity;
+               keep = true; // a vertex of some importance..
+             } else if (geometry === 'vertex' && (entity.hasInterestingTags() || entity.isEndpoint(graph) || entity.isConnected(graph) || visualDiff && isEditedNode(entity, base, graph))) {
+               _currPersistent[entity.id] = entity;
+               keep = true;
+             } // whatever this is, it's not a persistent vertex..
 
 
-           map.notesEditable = function() {
-               var layer = context.layers().layer('notes');
-               if (!layer || !layer.enabled()) return false;
+             if (!keep && !fullRedraw) {
+               delete _currPersistent[entity.id];
+             }
+           } // 3 sets of vertices to consider:
 
-               return map.withinEditableZoom();
-           };
 
+           var sets = {
+             persistent: _currPersistent,
+             // persistent = important vertices (render always)
+             selected: _currSelected,
+             // selected + siblings of selected (render always)
+             hovered: _currHover // hovered + siblings of hovered (render only in draw modes)
 
-           map.minzoom = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _minzoom;
-               _minzoom = val;
-               return map;
            };
+           var all = Object.assign({}, isMoving ? _currHover : {}, _currSelected, _currPersistent); // Draw the vertices..
+           // The filter function controls the scope of what objects d3 will touch (exit/enter/update)
+           // Adjust the filter function to expand the scope beyond whatever entities were passed in.
 
-
-           map.toggleHighlightEdited = function() {
-               surface.classed('highlight-edited', !surface.classed('highlight-edited'));
-               map.pan([0,0]);  // trigger a redraw
-               dispatch$1.call('changeHighlighting', this);
+           var filterRendered = function filterRendered(d) {
+             return d.id in _currPersistent || d.id in _currSelected || d.id in _currHover || filter(d);
            };
 
+           drawLayer.call(draw, graph, currentVisible(all), sets, filterRendered); // Draw touch targets..
+           // When drawing, render all targets (not just those affected by a partial redraw)
 
-           map.areaFillOptions = ['wireframe', 'partial', 'full'];
-
-           map.activeAreaFill = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return corePreferences('area-fill') || 'partial';
-
-               corePreferences('area-fill', val);
-               if (val !== 'wireframe') {
-                   corePreferences('area-fill-toggle', val);
-               }
-               updateAreaFill();
-               map.pan([0,0]);  // trigger a redraw
-               dispatch$1.call('changeAreaFill', this);
-               return map;
+           var filterTouch = function filterTouch(d) {
+             return isMoving ? true : filterRendered(d);
            };
 
-           map.toggleWireframe = function() {
-
-               var activeFill = map.activeAreaFill();
+           touchLayer.call(drawTargets, graph, currentVisible(all), filterTouch);
 
-               if (activeFill === 'wireframe') {
-                   activeFill = corePreferences('area-fill-toggle') || 'partial';
-               } else {
-                   activeFill = 'wireframe';
-               }
-
-               map.activeAreaFill(activeFill);
-           };
-
-           function updateAreaFill() {
-               var activeFill = map.activeAreaFill();
-               map.areaFillOptions.forEach(function(opt) {
-                   surface.classed('fill-' + opt, Boolean(opt === activeFill));
-               });
+           function currentVisible(which) {
+             return Object.keys(which).map(graph.hasEntity, graph) // the current version of this entity
+             .filter(function (entity) {
+               return entity && entity.intersects(extent, graph);
+             });
            }
+         } // partial redraw - only update the selected items..
 
 
-           map.layers = () => drawLayers;
-
-
-           map.doubleUpHandler = function() {
-               return _doubleUpHandler;
-           };
-
-
-           return utilRebind(map, dispatch$1, 'on');
-       }
-
-       function rendererPhotos(context) {
-           var dispatch$1 = dispatch('change');
-           var _layerIDs = ['streetside', 'mapillary', 'mapillary-map-features', 'mapillary-signs', 'openstreetcam'];
-           var _allPhotoTypes = ['flat', 'panoramic'];
-           var _shownPhotoTypes = _allPhotoTypes.slice();   // shallow copy
-
-           function photos() {}
+         drawVertices.drawSelected = function (selection, graph, extent) {
+           var wireframe = context.surface().classed('fill-wireframe');
+           var zoom = geoScaleToZoom(projection.scale());
+           _prevSelected = _currSelected || {};
 
-           function updateStorage() {
-               if (window.mocha) return;
+           if (context.map().isInWideSelection()) {
+             _currSelected = {};
+             context.selectedIDs().forEach(function (id) {
+               var entity = graph.hasEntity(id);
+               if (!entity) return;
 
-               var hash = utilStringQs(window.location.hash);
-               var enabled = context.layers().all().filter(function(d) {
-                   return _layerIDs.indexOf(d.id) !== -1 && d.layer && d.layer.supported() && d.layer.enabled();
-               }).map(function(d) {
-                   return d.id;
-               });
-               if (enabled.length) {
-                   hash.photo_overlay = enabled.join(',');
-               } else {
-                   delete hash.photo_overlay;
+               if (entity.type === 'node') {
+                 if (renderAsVertex(entity, graph, wireframe, zoom)) {
+                   _currSelected[entity.id] = entity;
+                 }
                }
-               window.location.replace('#' + utilQsString(hash, true));
-           }
+             });
+           } else {
+             _currSelected = getSiblingAndChildVertices(context.selectedIDs(), graph, wireframe, zoom);
+           } // note that drawVertices will add `_currSelected` automatically if needed..
 
-           photos.overlayLayerIDs = function() {
-               return _layerIDs;
-           };
 
-           photos.allPhotoTypes = function() {
-               return _allPhotoTypes;
+           var filter = function filter(d) {
+             return d.id in _prevSelected;
            };
 
-           function showsLayer(id) {
-               var layer = context.layers().layer(id);
-               return layer && layer.supported() && layer.enabled();
-           }
+           drawVertices(selection, graph, Object.values(_prevSelected), filter, extent, false);
+         }; // partial redraw - only update the hovered items..
 
-           photos.shouldFilterByPhotoType = function() {
-               return showsLayer('mapillary') ||
-                   (showsLayer('streetside') && showsLayer('openstreetcam'));
-           };
 
-           photos.showsPhotoType = function(val) {
-               if (!photos.shouldFilterByPhotoType()) return true;
+         drawVertices.drawHover = function (selection, graph, target, extent) {
+           if (target === _currHoverTarget) return; // continue only if something changed
 
-               return _shownPhotoTypes.indexOf(val) !== -1;
-           };
+           var wireframe = context.surface().classed('fill-wireframe');
+           var zoom = geoScaleToZoom(projection.scale());
+           _prevHover = _currHover || {};
+           _currHoverTarget = target;
+           var entity = target && target.properties && target.properties.entity;
 
-           photos.showsFlat = function() {
-               return photos.showsPhotoType('flat');
-           };
+           if (entity) {
+             _currHover = getSiblingAndChildVertices([entity.id], graph, wireframe, zoom);
+           } else {
+             _currHover = {};
+           } // note that drawVertices will add `_currHover` automatically if needed..
 
-           photos.showsPanoramic = function() {
-               return photos.showsPhotoType('panoramic');
-           };
 
-           photos.togglePhotoType = function(val) {
-               var index = _shownPhotoTypes.indexOf(val);
-               if (index !== -1) {
-                   _shownPhotoTypes.splice(index, 1);
-               } else {
-                   _shownPhotoTypes.push(val);
-               }
-               dispatch$1.call('change', this);
-               return photos;
+           var filter = function filter(d) {
+             return d.id in _prevHover;
            };
 
-           photos.init = function() {
-               var hash = utilStringQs(window.location.hash);
-               if (hash.photo_overlay) {
-                   var hashOverlayIDs = hash.photo_overlay.replace(/;/g, ',').split(',');
-                   hashOverlayIDs.forEach(function(id) {
-                       var layer = context.layers().layer(id);
-                       if (layer) layer.enabled(true);
-                   });
-               }
-
-               context.layers().on('change.rendererPhotos', updateStorage);
-           };
+           drawVertices(selection, graph, Object.values(_prevHover), filter, extent, false);
+         };
 
-           return utilRebind(photos, dispatch$1, 'on');
+         return drawVertices;
        }
 
-       function uiAccount(context) {
-           var osm = context.connection();
-
-
-           function update(selection) {
-               if (!osm) return;
-
-               if (!osm.authenticated()) {
-                   selection.selectAll('.userLink, .logoutLink')
-                       .classed('hide', true);
-                   return;
-               }
-
-               osm.userDetails(function(err, details) {
-                   var userLink = selection.select('.userLink'),
-                       logoutLink = selection.select('.logoutLink');
+       function utilBindOnce(target, type, listener, capture) {
+         var typeOnce = type + '.once';
 
-                   userLink.html('');
-                   logoutLink.html('');
+         function one() {
+           target.on(typeOnce, null);
+           listener.apply(this, arguments);
+         }
 
-                   if (err || !details) return;
+         target.on(typeOnce, one, capture);
+         return this;
+       }
 
-                   selection.selectAll('.userLink, .logoutLink')
-                       .classed('hide', false);
+       function defaultFilter(d3_event) {
+         return !d3_event.ctrlKey && !d3_event.button;
+       }
 
-                   // Link
-                   userLink.append('a')
-                       .attr('href', osm.userURL(details.display_name))
-                       .attr('target', '_blank');
+       function defaultExtent() {
+         var e = this;
 
-                   // Add thumbnail or dont
-                   if (details.image_url) {
-                       userLink.append('img')
-                           .attr('class', 'icon pre-text user-icon')
-                           .attr('src', details.image_url);
-                   } else {
-                       userLink
-                           .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-avatar', 'pre-text light'));
-                   }
+         if (e instanceof SVGElement) {
+           e = e.ownerSVGElement || e;
 
-                   // Add user name
-                   userLink.append('span')
-                       .attr('class', 'label')
-                       .text(details.display_name);
-
-                   logoutLink.append('a')
-                       .attr('class', 'logout')
-                       .attr('href', '#')
-                       .text(_t('logout'))
-                       .on('click.logout', function() {
-                           event.preventDefault();
-                           osm.logout();
-                       });
-               });
+           if (e.hasAttribute('viewBox')) {
+             e = e.viewBox.baseVal;
+             return [[e.x, e.y], [e.x + e.width, e.y + e.height]];
            }
 
+           return [[0, 0], [e.width.baseVal.value, e.height.baseVal.value]];
+         }
 
-           return function(selection) {
-               selection.append('li')
-                   .attr('class', 'logoutLink')
-                   .classed('hide', true);
+         return [[0, 0], [e.clientWidth, e.clientHeight]];
+       }
 
-               selection.append('li')
-                   .attr('class', 'userLink')
-                   .classed('hide', true);
+       function defaultWheelDelta(d3_event) {
+         return -d3_event.deltaY * (d3_event.deltaMode === 1 ? 0.05 : d3_event.deltaMode ? 1 : 0.002);
+       }
 
-               if (osm) {
-                   osm.on('change.account', function() { update(selection); });
-                   update(selection);
-               }
-           };
+       function defaultConstrain(transform, extent, translateExtent) {
+         var dx0 = transform.invertX(extent[0][0]) - translateExtent[0][0],
+             dx1 = transform.invertX(extent[1][0]) - translateExtent[1][0],
+             dy0 = transform.invertY(extent[0][1]) - translateExtent[0][1],
+             dy1 = transform.invertY(extent[1][1]) - translateExtent[1][1];
+         return transform.translate(dx1 > dx0 ? (dx0 + dx1) / 2 : Math.min(0, dx0) || Math.max(0, dx1), dy1 > dy0 ? (dy0 + dy1) / 2 : Math.min(0, dy0) || Math.max(0, dy1));
        }
 
-       function uiAttribution(context) {
-         let _selection = select(null);
+       function utilZoomPan() {
+         var filter = defaultFilter,
+             extent = defaultExtent,
+             constrain = defaultConstrain,
+             wheelDelta = defaultWheelDelta,
+             scaleExtent = [0, Infinity],
+             translateExtent = [[-Infinity, -Infinity], [Infinity, Infinity]],
+             interpolate = interpolateZoom,
+             dispatch = dispatch$8('start', 'zoom', 'end'),
+             _wheelDelay = 150,
+             _transform = identity$2,
+             _activeGesture;
 
+         function zoom(selection) {
+           selection.on('pointerdown.zoom', pointerdown).on('wheel.zoom', wheeled).style('touch-action', 'none').style('-webkit-tap-highlight-color', 'rgba(0,0,0,0)');
+           select(window).on('pointermove.zoompan', pointermove).on('pointerup.zoompan pointercancel.zoompan', pointerup);
+         }
 
-         function render(selection, data, klass) {
-           let div = selection.selectAll(`.${klass}`)
-             .data([0]);
+         zoom.transform = function (collection, transform, point) {
+           var selection = collection.selection ? collection.selection() : collection;
 
-           div = div.enter()
-             .append('div')
-             .attr('class', klass)
-             .merge(div);
+           if (collection !== selection) {
+             schedule(collection, transform, point);
+           } else {
+             selection.interrupt().each(function () {
+               gesture(this, arguments).start(null).zoom(null, null, typeof transform === 'function' ? transform.apply(this, arguments) : transform).end(null);
+             });
+           }
+         };
 
+         zoom.scaleBy = function (selection, k, p) {
+           zoom.scaleTo(selection, function () {
+             var k0 = _transform.k,
+                 k1 = typeof k === 'function' ? k.apply(this, arguments) : k;
+             return k0 * k1;
+           }, p);
+         };
 
-           let attributions = div.selectAll('.attribution')
-             .data(data, d => d.id);
+         zoom.scaleTo = function (selection, k, p) {
+           zoom.transform(selection, function () {
+             var e = extent.apply(this, arguments),
+                 t0 = _transform,
+                 p0 = !p ? centroid(e) : typeof p === 'function' ? p.apply(this, arguments) : p,
+                 p1 = t0.invert(p0),
+                 k1 = typeof k === 'function' ? k.apply(this, arguments) : k;
+             return constrain(translate(scale(t0, k1), p0, p1), e, translateExtent);
+           }, p);
+         };
 
-           attributions.exit()
-             .remove();
+         zoom.translateBy = function (selection, x, y) {
+           zoom.transform(selection, function () {
+             return constrain(_transform.translate(typeof x === 'function' ? x.apply(this, arguments) : x, typeof y === 'function' ? y.apply(this, arguments) : y), extent.apply(this, arguments), translateExtent);
+           });
+         };
 
-           attributions = attributions.enter()
-             .append('span')
-             .attr('class', 'attribution')
-             .each((d, i, nodes) => {
-               let attribution = select(nodes[i]);
+         zoom.translateTo = function (selection, x, y, p) {
+           zoom.transform(selection, function () {
+             var e = extent.apply(this, arguments),
+                 t = _transform,
+                 p0 = !p ? centroid(e) : typeof p === 'function' ? p.apply(this, arguments) : p;
+             return constrain(identity$2.translate(p0[0], p0[1]).scale(t.k).translate(typeof x === 'function' ? -x.apply(this, arguments) : -x, typeof y === 'function' ? -y.apply(this, arguments) : -y), e, translateExtent);
+           }, p);
+         };
 
-               if (d.terms_html) {
-                 attribution.html(d.terms_html);
-                 return;
-               }
+         function scale(transform, k) {
+           k = Math.max(scaleExtent[0], Math.min(scaleExtent[1], k));
+           return k === transform.k ? transform : new Transform(k, transform.x, transform.y);
+         }
 
-               if (d.terms_url) {
-                 attribution = attribution
-                   .append('a')
-                   .attr('href', d.terms_url)
-                   .attr('target', '_blank');
-               }
+         function translate(transform, p0, p1) {
+           var x = p0[0] - p1[0] * transform.k,
+               y = p0[1] - p1[1] * transform.k;
+           return x === transform.x && y === transform.y ? transform : new Transform(transform.k, x, y);
+         }
 
-               const sourceID = d.id.replace(/\./g, '<TX_DOT>');
-               const terms_text = _t(`imagery.${sourceID}.attribution.text`,
-                 { default: d.terms_text || d.id || d.name() }
-               );
+         function centroid(extent) {
+           return [(+extent[0][0] + +extent[1][0]) / 2, (+extent[0][1] + +extent[1][1]) / 2];
+         }
 
-               if (d.icon && !d.overlay) {
-                 attribution
-                   .append('img')
-                   .attr('class', 'source-image')
-                   .attr('src', d.icon);
+         function schedule(transition, transform, point) {
+           transition.on('start.zoom', function () {
+             gesture(this, arguments).start(null);
+           }).on('interrupt.zoom end.zoom', function () {
+             gesture(this, arguments).end(null);
+           }).tween('zoom', function () {
+             var that = this,
+                 args = arguments,
+                 g = gesture(that, args),
+                 e = extent.apply(that, args),
+                 p = !point ? centroid(e) : typeof point === 'function' ? point.apply(that, args) : point,
+                 w = Math.max(e[1][0] - e[0][0], e[1][1] - e[0][1]),
+                 a = _transform,
+                 b = typeof transform === 'function' ? transform.apply(that, args) : transform,
+                 i = interpolate(a.invert(p).concat(w / a.k), b.invert(p).concat(w / b.k));
+             return function (t) {
+               if (t === 1) {
+                 // Avoid rounding error on end.
+                 t = b;
+               } else {
+                 var l = i(t);
+                 var k = w / l[2];
+                 t = new Transform(k, p[0] - l[0] * k, p[1] - l[1] * k);
                }
 
-               attribution
-                 .append('span')
-                 .attr('class', 'attribution-text')
-                 .text(terms_text);
-             })
-             .merge(attributions);
+               g.zoom(null, null, t);
+             };
+           });
+         }
 
+         function gesture(that, args, clean) {
+           return !clean && _activeGesture || new Gesture(that, args);
+         }
 
-           let copyright = attributions.selectAll('.copyright-notice')
-             .data(d => {
-               let notice = d.copyrightNotices(context.map().zoom(), context.map().extent());
-               return notice ? [notice] : [];
-             });
+         function Gesture(that, args) {
+           this.that = that;
+           this.args = args;
+           this.active = 0;
+           this.extent = extent.apply(that, args);
+         }
 
-           copyright.exit()
-             .remove();
+         Gesture.prototype = {
+           start: function start(d3_event) {
+             if (++this.active === 1) {
+               _activeGesture = this;
+               dispatch.call('start', this, d3_event);
+             }
 
-           copyright = copyright.enter()
-             .append('span')
-             .attr('class', 'copyright-notice')
-             .merge(copyright);
+             return this;
+           },
+           zoom: function zoom(d3_event, key, transform) {
+             if (this.mouse && key !== 'mouse') this.mouse[1] = transform.invert(this.mouse[0]);
+             if (this.pointer0 && key !== 'touch') this.pointer0[1] = transform.invert(this.pointer0[0]);
+             if (this.pointer1 && key !== 'touch') this.pointer1[1] = transform.invert(this.pointer1[0]);
+             _transform = transform;
+             dispatch.call('zoom', this, d3_event, key, transform);
+             return this;
+           },
+           end: function end(d3_event) {
+             if (--this.active === 0) {
+               _activeGesture = null;
+               dispatch.call('end', this, d3_event);
+             }
 
-           copyright
-             .text(String);
-         }
+             return this;
+           }
+         };
 
+         function wheeled(d3_event) {
+           if (!filter.apply(this, arguments)) return;
+           var g = gesture(this, arguments),
+               t = _transform,
+               k = Math.max(scaleExtent[0], Math.min(scaleExtent[1], t.k * Math.pow(2, wheelDelta.apply(this, arguments)))),
+               p = utilFastMouse(this)(d3_event); // If the mouse is in the same location as before, reuse it.
+           // If there were recent wheel events, reset the wheel idle timeout.
 
-         function update() {
-           let baselayer = context.background().baseLayerSource();
-           _selection
-             .call(render, (baselayer ? [baselayer] : []), 'base-layer-attribution');
+           if (g.wheel) {
+             if (g.mouse[0][0] !== p[0] || g.mouse[0][1] !== p[1]) {
+               g.mouse[1] = t.invert(g.mouse[0] = p);
+             }
 
-           const z = context.map().zoom();
-           let overlays = context.background().overlayLayerSources() || [];
-           _selection
-             .call(render, overlays.filter(s => s.validZoom(z)), 'overlay-layer-attribution');
-         }
+             clearTimeout(g.wheel); // Otherwise, capture the mouse point and location at the start.
+           } else {
+             g.mouse = [p, t.invert(p)];
+             interrupt(this);
+             g.start(d3_event);
+           }
 
+           d3_event.preventDefault();
+           d3_event.stopImmediatePropagation();
+           g.wheel = setTimeout(wheelidled, _wheelDelay);
+           g.zoom(d3_event, 'mouse', constrain(translate(scale(t, k), g.mouse[0], g.mouse[1]), g.extent, translateExtent));
 
-         return function(selection) {
-           _selection = selection;
+           function wheelidled() {
+             g.wheel = null;
+             g.end(d3_event);
+           }
+         }
 
-           context.background()
-             .on('change.attribution', update);
+         var _downPointerIDs = new Set();
 
-           context.map()
-             .on('move.attribution', throttle(update, 400, { leading: false }));
+         var _pointerLocGetter;
 
-           update();
-         };
-       }
+         function pointerdown(d3_event) {
+           _downPointerIDs.add(d3_event.pointerId);
 
-       function uiContributors(context) {
-           var osm = context.connection(),
-               debouncedUpdate = debounce(function() { update(); }, 1000),
-               limit = 4,
-               hidden = false,
-               wrap = select(null);
+           if (!filter.apply(this, arguments)) return;
+           var g = gesture(this, arguments, _downPointerIDs.size === 1);
+           var started;
+           d3_event.stopImmediatePropagation();
+           _pointerLocGetter = utilFastMouse(this);
 
+           var loc = _pointerLocGetter(d3_event);
 
-           function update() {
-               if (!osm) return;
+           var p = [loc, _transform.invert(loc), d3_event.pointerId];
 
-               var users = {},
-                   entities = context.history().intersects(context.map().extent());
+           if (!g.pointer0) {
+             g.pointer0 = p;
+             started = true;
+           } else if (!g.pointer1 && g.pointer0[2] !== p[2]) {
+             g.pointer1 = p;
+           }
 
-               entities.forEach(function(entity) {
-                   if (entity && entity.user) users[entity.user] = true;
-               });
+           if (started) {
+             interrupt(this);
+             g.start(d3_event);
+           }
+         }
 
-               var u = Object.keys(users),
-                   subset = u.slice(0, u.length > limit ? limit - 1 : limit);
+         function pointermove(d3_event) {
+           if (!_downPointerIDs.has(d3_event.pointerId)) return;
+           if (!_activeGesture || !_pointerLocGetter) return;
+           var g = gesture(this, arguments);
+           var isPointer0 = g.pointer0 && g.pointer0[2] === d3_event.pointerId;
+           var isPointer1 = !isPointer0 && g.pointer1 && g.pointer1[2] === d3_event.pointerId;
 
-               wrap.html('')
-                   .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-nearby', 'pre-text light'));
+           if ((isPointer0 || isPointer1) && 'buttons' in d3_event && !d3_event.buttons) {
+             // The pointer went up without ending the gesture somehow, e.g.
+             // a down mouse was moved off the map and released. End it here.
+             if (g.pointer0) _downPointerIDs["delete"](g.pointer0[2]);
+             if (g.pointer1) _downPointerIDs["delete"](g.pointer1[2]);
+             g.end(d3_event);
+             return;
+           }
 
-               var userList = select(document.createElement('span'));
+           d3_event.preventDefault();
+           d3_event.stopImmediatePropagation();
 
-               userList.selectAll()
-                   .data(subset)
-                   .enter()
-                   .append('a')
-                   .attr('class', 'user-link')
-                   .attr('href', function(d) { return osm.userURL(d); })
-                   .attr('target', '_blank')
-                   .text(String);
-
-               if (u.length > limit) {
-                   var count = select(document.createElement('span'));
-
-                   count.append('a')
-                       .attr('target', '_blank')
-                       .attr('href', function() {
-                           return osm.changesetsURL(context.map().center(), context.map().zoom());
-                       })
-                       .text(u.length - limit + 1);
+           var loc = _pointerLocGetter(d3_event);
 
-                   wrap.append('span')
-                       .html(_t('contributors.truncated_list', { users: userList.html(), count: count.html() }));
+           var t, p, l;
+           if (isPointer0) g.pointer0[0] = loc;else if (isPointer1) g.pointer1[0] = loc;
+           t = _transform;
 
-               } else {
-                   wrap.append('span')
-                       .html(_t('contributors.list', { users: userList.html() }));
-               }
+           if (g.pointer1) {
+             var p0 = g.pointer0[0],
+                 l0 = g.pointer0[1],
+                 p1 = g.pointer1[0],
+                 l1 = g.pointer1[1],
+                 dp = (dp = p1[0] - p0[0]) * dp + (dp = p1[1] - p0[1]) * dp,
+                 dl = (dl = l1[0] - l0[0]) * dl + (dl = l1[1] - l0[1]) * dl;
+             t = scale(t, Math.sqrt(dp / dl));
+             p = [(p0[0] + p1[0]) / 2, (p0[1] + p1[1]) / 2];
+             l = [(l0[0] + l1[0]) / 2, (l0[1] + l1[1]) / 2];
+           } else if (g.pointer0) {
+             p = g.pointer0[0];
+             l = g.pointer0[1];
+           } else {
+             return;
+           }
 
-               if (!u.length) {
-                   hidden = true;
-                   wrap
-                       .transition()
-                       .style('opacity', 0);
+           g.zoom(d3_event, 'touch', constrain(translate(t, p, l), g.extent, translateExtent));
+         }
 
-               } else if (hidden) {
-                   wrap
-                       .transition()
-                       .style('opacity', 1);
-               }
-           }
+         function pointerup(d3_event) {
+           if (!_downPointerIDs.has(d3_event.pointerId)) return;
 
+           _downPointerIDs["delete"](d3_event.pointerId);
 
-           return function(selection) {
-               if (!osm) return;
-               wrap = selection;
-               update();
+           if (!_activeGesture) return;
+           var g = gesture(this, arguments);
+           d3_event.stopImmediatePropagation();
+           if (g.pointer0 && g.pointer0[2] === d3_event.pointerId) delete g.pointer0;else if (g.pointer1 && g.pointer1[2] === d3_event.pointerId) delete g.pointer1;
 
-               osm.on('loaded.contributors', debouncedUpdate);
-               context.map().on('move.contributors', debouncedUpdate);
-           };
-       }
+           if (g.pointer1 && !g.pointer0) {
+             g.pointer0 = g.pointer1;
+             delete g.pointer1;
+           }
 
-       var _popoverID = 0;
+           if (g.pointer0) {
+             g.pointer0[1] = _transform.invert(g.pointer0[0]);
+           } else {
+             g.end(d3_event);
+           }
+         }
 
-       function uiPopover(klass) {
-           var _id = _popoverID++;
-           var _anchorSelection = select(null);
-           var popover = function(selection) {
-               _anchorSelection = selection;
-               selection.each(setup);
-           };
-           var _animation = utilFunctor(false);
-           var _placement = utilFunctor('top'); // top, bottom, left, right
-           var _alignment = utilFunctor('center');  // leading, center, trailing
-           var _scrollContainer = utilFunctor(select(null));
-           var _content;
-           var _displayType = utilFunctor('');
-           var _hasArrow = utilFunctor(true);
-
-           // use pointer events on supported platforms; fallback to mouse events
-           var _pointerPrefix = 'PointerEvent' in window ? 'pointer' : 'mouse';
-
-           popover.displayType = function(val) {
-               if (arguments.length) {
-                   _displayType = utilFunctor(val);
-                   return popover;
-               } else {
-                   return _displayType;
-               }
-           };
+         zoom.wheelDelta = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (wheelDelta = utilFunctor(+_), zoom) : wheelDelta;
+         };
 
-           popover.hasArrow = function(val) {
-               if (arguments.length) {
-                   _hasArrow = utilFunctor(val);
-                   return popover;
-               } else {
-                   return _hasArrow;
-               }
-           };
+         zoom.filter = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (filter = utilFunctor(!!_), zoom) : filter;
+         };
 
-           popover.placement = function(val) {
-               if (arguments.length) {
-                   _placement = utilFunctor(val);
-                   return popover;
-               } else {
-                   return _placement;
-               }
-           };
+         zoom.extent = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (extent = utilFunctor([[+_[0][0], +_[0][1]], [+_[1][0], +_[1][1]]]), zoom) : extent;
+         };
 
-           popover.alignment = function(val) {
-               if (arguments.length) {
-                   _alignment = utilFunctor(val);
-                   return popover;
-               } else {
-                   return _alignment;
-               }
-           };
+         zoom.scaleExtent = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (scaleExtent[0] = +_[0], scaleExtent[1] = +_[1], zoom) : [scaleExtent[0], scaleExtent[1]];
+         };
 
-           popover.scrollContainer = function(val) {
-               if (arguments.length) {
-                   _scrollContainer = utilFunctor(val);
-                   return popover;
-               } else {
-                   return _scrollContainer;
-               }
-           };
+         zoom.translateExtent = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (translateExtent[0][0] = +_[0][0], translateExtent[1][0] = +_[1][0], translateExtent[0][1] = +_[0][1], translateExtent[1][1] = +_[1][1], zoom) : [[translateExtent[0][0], translateExtent[0][1]], [translateExtent[1][0], translateExtent[1][1]]];
+         };
 
-           popover.content = function(val) {
-               if (arguments.length) {
-                   _content = val;
-                   return popover;
-               } else {
-                   return _content;
-               }
-           };
+         zoom.constrain = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (constrain = _, zoom) : constrain;
+         };
 
-           popover.isShown = function() {
-               var popoverSelection = _anchorSelection.select('.popover-' + _id);
-               return !popoverSelection.empty() && popoverSelection.classed('in');
-           };
+         zoom.interpolate = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (interpolate = _, zoom) : interpolate;
+         };
 
-           popover.show = function() {
-               _anchorSelection.each(show);
-           };
+         zoom._transform = function (_) {
+           return arguments.length ? (_transform = _, zoom) : _transform;
+         };
 
-           popover.updateContent = function() {
-               _anchorSelection.each(updateContent);
-           };
+         return utilRebind(zoom, dispatch, 'on');
+       }
 
-           popover.hide = function() {
-               _anchorSelection.each(hide);
-           };
+       // if pointer events are supported. Falls back to default `dblclick` event.
 
-           popover.toggle = function() {
-               _anchorSelection.each(toggle);
-           };
+       function utilDoubleUp() {
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('doubleUp');
+         var _maxTimespan = 500; // milliseconds
 
-           popover.destroy = function(selection, selector) {
-               // by default, just destroy the current popover
-               selector = selector || '.popover-' + _id;
-
-               selection
-                   .on(_pointerPrefix + 'enter.popover', null)
-                   .on(_pointerPrefix + 'leave.popover', null)
-                   .on(_pointerPrefix + 'up.popover', null)
-                   .on(_pointerPrefix + 'down.popover', null)
-                   .on('click.popover', null)
-                   .attr('title', function() {
-                       return this.getAttribute('data-original-title') || this.getAttribute('title');
-                   })
-                   .attr('data-original-title', null)
-                   .selectAll(selector)
-                   .remove();
-           };
+         var _maxDistance = 20; // web pixels; be somewhat generous to account for touch devices
 
+         var _pointer; // object representing the pointer that could trigger double up
 
-           popover.destroyAny = function(selection) {
-               selection.call(popover.destroy, '.popover');
-           };
 
-           function setup() {
-               var anchor = select(this);
-               var animate = _animation.apply(this, arguments);
-               var popoverSelection = anchor.selectAll('.popover-' + _id)
-                   .data([0]);
+         function pointerIsValidFor(loc) {
+           // second pointerup must occur within a small timeframe after the first pointerdown
+           return new Date().getTime() - _pointer.startTime <= _maxTimespan && // all pointer events must occur within a small distance of the first pointerdown
+           geoVecLength(_pointer.startLoc, loc) <= _maxDistance;
+         }
 
+         function pointerdown(d3_event) {
+           // ignore right-click
+           if (d3_event.ctrlKey || d3_event.button === 2) return;
+           var loc = [d3_event.clientX, d3_event.clientY]; // Don't rely on pointerId here since it can change between pointerdown
+           // events on touch devices
 
-               var enter = popoverSelection.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'popover popover-' + _id + ' ' + (klass ? klass : ''))
-                   .classed('arrowed', _hasArrow.apply(this, arguments));
+           if (_pointer && !pointerIsValidFor(loc)) {
+             // if this pointer is no longer valid, clear it so another can be started
+             _pointer = undefined;
+           }
 
-               enter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'popover-arrow');
+           if (!_pointer) {
+             _pointer = {
+               startLoc: loc,
+               startTime: new Date().getTime(),
+               upCount: 0,
+               pointerId: d3_event.pointerId
+             };
+           } else {
+             // double down
+             _pointer.pointerId = d3_event.pointerId;
+           }
+         }
 
-               enter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'popover-inner');
+         function pointerup(d3_event) {
+           // ignore right-click
+           if (d3_event.ctrlKey || d3_event.button === 2) return;
+           if (!_pointer || _pointer.pointerId !== d3_event.pointerId) return;
+           _pointer.upCount += 1;
 
-               popoverSelection = enter
-                   .merge(popoverSelection);
+           if (_pointer.upCount === 2) {
+             // double up!
+             var loc = [d3_event.clientX, d3_event.clientY];
 
-               if (animate) {
-                   popoverSelection.classed('fade', true);
-               }
+             if (pointerIsValidFor(loc)) {
+               var locInThis = utilFastMouse(this)(d3_event);
+               dispatch.call('doubleUp', this, d3_event, locInThis);
+             } // clear the pointer info in any case
 
-               var display = _displayType.apply(this, arguments);
 
-               if (display === 'hover') {
-                   var _lastNonMouseEnterTime;
-                   anchor.on(_pointerPrefix + 'enter.popover', function() {
+             _pointer = undefined;
+           }
+         }
 
-                       if (event.pointerType) {
-                           if (event.pointerType !== 'mouse') {
-                               _lastNonMouseEnterTime = event.timeStamp;
-                               // only allow hover behavior for mouse input
-                               return;
-                           } else if (_lastNonMouseEnterTime &&
-                               event.timeStamp - _lastNonMouseEnterTime < 1500) {
-                               // HACK: iOS 13.4 sends an erroneous `mouse` type pointerenter
-                               // event for non-mouse interactions right after sending
-                               // the correct type pointerenter event. Workaround by discarding
-                               // any mouse event that occurs immediately after a non-mouse event.
-                               return;
-                           }
-                       }
+         function doubleUp(selection) {
+           if ('PointerEvent' in window) {
+             // dblclick isn't well supported on touch devices so manually use
+             // pointer events if they're available
+             selection.on('pointerdown.doubleUp', pointerdown).on('pointerup.doubleUp', pointerup);
+           } else {
+             // fallback to dblclick
+             selection.on('dblclick.doubleUp', function (d3_event) {
+               dispatch.call('doubleUp', this, d3_event, utilFastMouse(this)(d3_event));
+             });
+           }
+         }
 
-                       // don't show if buttons are pressed, e.g. during click and drag of map
-                       if (event.buttons !== 0) return;
+         doubleUp.off = function (selection) {
+           selection.on('pointerdown.doubleUp', null).on('pointerup.doubleUp', null).on('dblclick.doubleUp', null);
+         };
 
-                       show.apply(this, arguments);
-                   });
-                   anchor.on(_pointerPrefix + 'leave.popover', function() {
-                       hide.apply(this, arguments);
-                   });
+         return utilRebind(doubleUp, dispatch, 'on');
+       }
 
-               } else if (display === 'clickFocus') {
-                   anchor
-                       .on(_pointerPrefix + 'down.popover', function() {
-                           event.preventDefault();
-                           event.stopPropagation();
-                       })
-                       .on(_pointerPrefix + 'up.popover', function() {
-                           event.preventDefault();
-                           event.stopPropagation();
-                       })
-                       .on('click.popover', toggle);
+       var TILESIZE = 256;
+       var minZoom = 2;
+       var maxZoom = 24;
+       var kMin = geoZoomToScale(minZoom, TILESIZE);
+       var kMax = geoZoomToScale(maxZoom, TILESIZE);
 
-                   popoverSelection
-                       .attr('tabindex', 0)
-                       .on('blur.popover', function() {
-                           anchor.each(function() {
-                               hide.apply(this, arguments);
-                           });
-                       });
-               }
-           }
+       function clamp$1(num, min, max) {
+         return Math.max(min, Math.min(num, max));
+       }
 
+       function rendererMap(context) {
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('move', 'drawn', 'crossEditableZoom', 'hitMinZoom', 'changeHighlighting', 'changeAreaFill');
+         var projection = context.projection;
+         var curtainProjection = context.curtainProjection;
+         var drawLayers;
+         var drawPoints;
+         var drawVertices;
+         var drawLines;
+         var drawAreas;
+         var drawMidpoints;
+         var drawLabels;
 
-           function show() {
-               var anchor = select(this);
-               var popoverSelection = anchor.selectAll('.popover-' + _id);
+         var _selection = select(null);
 
-               if (popoverSelection.empty()) {
-                   // popover was removed somehow, put it back
-                   anchor.call(popover.destroy);
-                   anchor.each(setup);
-                   popoverSelection = anchor.selectAll('.popover-' + _id);
-               }
+         var supersurface = select(null);
+         var wrapper = select(null);
+         var surface = select(null);
+         var _dimensions = [1, 1];
+         var _dblClickZoomEnabled = true;
+         var _redrawEnabled = true;
 
-               popoverSelection.classed('in', true);
+         var _gestureTransformStart;
 
-               var displayType = _displayType.apply(this, arguments);
-               if (displayType === 'clickFocus') {
-                   anchor.classed('active', true);
-                   popoverSelection.node().focus();
-               }
+         var _transformStart = projection.transform();
 
-               anchor.each(updateContent);
-           }
+         var _transformLast;
 
-           function updateContent() {
-               var anchor = select(this);
+         var _isTransformed = false;
+         var _minzoom = 0;
 
-               if (_content) {
-                   anchor.selectAll('.popover-' + _id + ' > .popover-inner')
-                       .call(_content.apply(this, arguments));
-               }
+         var _getMouseCoords;
 
-               updatePosition.apply(this, arguments);
-               // hack: update multiple times to fix instances where the absolute offset is
-               // set before the dynamic popover size is calculated by the browser
-               updatePosition.apply(this, arguments);
-               updatePosition.apply(this, arguments);
-           }
+         var _lastPointerEvent;
 
+         var _lastWithinEditableZoom; // whether a pointerdown event started the zoom
 
-           function updatePosition() {
 
-               var anchor = select(this);
-               var popoverSelection = anchor.selectAll('.popover-' + _id);
+         var _pointerDown = false; // use pointer events on supported platforms; fallback to mouse events
 
-               var scrollContainer = _scrollContainer && _scrollContainer.apply(this, arguments);
-               var scrollNode = scrollContainer && !scrollContainer.empty() && scrollContainer.node();
-               var scrollLeft = scrollNode ? scrollNode.scrollLeft : 0;
-               var scrollTop = scrollNode ? scrollNode.scrollTop : 0;
+         var _pointerPrefix = 'PointerEvent' in window ? 'pointer' : 'mouse'; // use pointer event interaction if supported; fallback to touch/mouse events in d3-zoom
 
-               var placement = _placement.apply(this, arguments);
-               popoverSelection
-                   .classed('left', false)
-                   .classed('right', false)
-                   .classed('top', false)
-                   .classed('bottom', false)
-                   .classed(placement, true);
 
-               var alignment = _alignment.apply(this, arguments);
-               var alignFactor = 0.5;
-               if (alignment === 'leading') {
-                   alignFactor = 0;
-               } else if (alignment === 'trailing') {
-                   alignFactor = 1;
-               }
-               var anchorFrame = getFrame(anchor.node());
-               var popoverFrame = getFrame(popoverSelection.node());
-               var position;
+         var _zoomerPannerFunction = 'PointerEvent' in window ? utilZoomPan : d3_zoom;
 
-               switch (placement) {
-                   case 'top':
-                   position = {
-                       x: anchorFrame.x + (anchorFrame.w - popoverFrame.w) * alignFactor,
-                       y: anchorFrame.y - popoverFrame.h
-                   };
-                   break;
-                   case 'bottom':
-                   position = {
-                       x: anchorFrame.x + (anchorFrame.w - popoverFrame.w) * alignFactor,
-                       y: anchorFrame.y + anchorFrame.h
-                   };
-                   break;
-                   case 'left':
-                   position = {
-                       x: anchorFrame.x - popoverFrame.w,
-                       y: anchorFrame.y + (anchorFrame.h - popoverFrame.h) * alignFactor
-                   };
-                   break;
-                   case 'right':
-                   position = {
-                       x: anchorFrame.x + anchorFrame.w,
-                       y: anchorFrame.y + (anchorFrame.h - popoverFrame.h) * alignFactor
-                   };
-                   break;
-               }
+         var _zoomerPanner = _zoomerPannerFunction().scaleExtent([kMin, kMax]).interpolate(interpolate$1).filter(zoomEventFilter).on('zoom.map', zoomPan).on('start.map', function (d3_event) {
+           _pointerDown = d3_event && (d3_event.type === 'pointerdown' || d3_event.sourceEvent && d3_event.sourceEvent.type === 'pointerdown');
+         }).on('end.map', function () {
+           _pointerDown = false;
+         });
 
-               if (position) {
+         var _doubleUpHandler = utilDoubleUp();
+
+         var scheduleRedraw = throttle(redraw, 750); // var isRedrawScheduled = false;
+         // var pendingRedrawCall;
+         // function scheduleRedraw() {
+         //     // Only schedule the redraw if one has not already been set.
+         //     if (isRedrawScheduled) return;
+         //     isRedrawScheduled = true;
+         //     var that = this;
+         //     var args = arguments;
+         //     pendingRedrawCall = window.requestIdleCallback(function () {
+         //         // Reset the boolean so future redraws can be set.
+         //         isRedrawScheduled = false;
+         //         redraw.apply(that, args);
+         //     }, { timeout: 1400 });
+         // }
 
-                   if (scrollNode && (placement === 'top' || placement === 'bottom')) {
 
-                       var initialPosX = position.x;
+         function cancelPendingRedraw() {
+           scheduleRedraw.cancel(); // isRedrawScheduled = false;
+           // window.cancelIdleCallback(pendingRedrawCall);
+         }
 
-                       if (position.x + popoverFrame.w > scrollNode.offsetWidth - 10) {
-                           position.x = scrollNode.offsetWidth - 10 - popoverFrame.w;
-                       } else if (position.x < 10) {
-                           position.x = 10;
-                       }
+         function map(selection) {
+           _selection = selection;
+           context.on('change.map', immediateRedraw);
+           var osm = context.connection();
 
-                       var arrow = anchor.selectAll('.popover-' + _id + ' > .popover-arrow');
-                       // keep the arrow centered on the button, or as close as possible
-                       var arrowPosX = Math.min(Math.max(popoverFrame.w / 2 - (position.x - initialPosX), 10), popoverFrame.w - 10);
-                       arrow.style('left', ~~arrowPosX + 'px');
-                   }
+           if (osm) {
+             osm.on('change.map', immediateRedraw);
+           }
 
-                   popoverSelection.style('left', ~~position.x + 'px').style('top', ~~position.y + 'px');
-               } else {
-                   popoverSelection.style('left', null).style('top', null);
-               }
+           function didUndoOrRedo(targetTransform) {
+             var mode = context.mode().id;
+             if (mode !== 'browse' && mode !== 'select') return;
 
-               function getFrame(node) {
-                   var positionStyle = select(node).style('position');
-                   if (positionStyle === 'absolute' || positionStyle === 'static') {
-                       return {
-                           x: node.offsetLeft - scrollLeft,
-                           y: node.offsetTop - scrollTop,
-                           w: node.offsetWidth,
-                           h: node.offsetHeight
-                       };
-                   } else {
-                       return {
-                           x: 0,
-                           y: 0,
-                           w: node.offsetWidth,
-                           h: node.offsetHeight
-                       };
-                   }
-               }
+             if (targetTransform) {
+               map.transformEase(targetTransform);
+             }
            }
 
+           context.history().on('merge.map', function () {
+             scheduleRedraw();
+           }).on('change.map', immediateRedraw).on('undone.map', function (stack, fromStack) {
+             didUndoOrRedo(fromStack.transform);
+           }).on('redone.map', function (stack) {
+             didUndoOrRedo(stack.transform);
+           });
+           context.background().on('change.map', immediateRedraw);
+           context.features().on('redraw.map', immediateRedraw);
+           drawLayers.on('change.map', function () {
+             context.background().updateImagery();
+             immediateRedraw();
+           });
+           selection.on('wheel.map mousewheel.map', function (d3_event) {
+             // disable swipe-to-navigate browser pages on trackpad/magic mouse – #5552
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+           }).call(_zoomerPanner).call(_zoomerPanner.transform, projection.transform()).on('dblclick.zoom', null); // override d3-zoom dblclick handling
+
+           map.supersurface = supersurface = selection.append('div').attr('class', 'supersurface').call(utilSetTransform, 0, 0); // Need a wrapper div because Opera can't cope with an absolutely positioned
+           // SVG element: http://bl.ocks.org/jfirebaugh/6fbfbd922552bf776c16
+
+           wrapper = supersurface.append('div').attr('class', 'layer layer-data');
+           map.surface = surface = wrapper.call(drawLayers).selectAll('.surface');
+           surface.call(drawLabels.observe).call(_doubleUpHandler).on(_pointerPrefix + 'down.zoom', function (d3_event) {
+             _lastPointerEvent = d3_event;
+
+             if (d3_event.button === 2) {
+               d3_event.stopPropagation();
+             }
+           }, true).on(_pointerPrefix + 'up.zoom', function (d3_event) {
+             _lastPointerEvent = d3_event;
+
+             if (resetTransform()) {
+               immediateRedraw();
+             }
+           }).on(_pointerPrefix + 'move.map', function (d3_event) {
+             _lastPointerEvent = d3_event;
+           }).on(_pointerPrefix + 'over.vertices', function (d3_event) {
+             if (map.editableDataEnabled() && !_isTransformed) {
+               var hover = d3_event.target.__data__;
+               surface.call(drawVertices.drawHover, context.graph(), hover, map.extent());
+               dispatch.call('drawn', this, {
+                 full: false
+               });
+             }
+           }).on(_pointerPrefix + 'out.vertices', function (d3_event) {
+             if (map.editableDataEnabled() && !_isTransformed) {
+               var hover = d3_event.relatedTarget && d3_event.relatedTarget.__data__;
+               surface.call(drawVertices.drawHover, context.graph(), hover, map.extent());
+               dispatch.call('drawn', this, {
+                 full: false
+               });
+             }
+           });
+           var detected = utilDetect(); // only WebKit supports gesture events
+
+           if ('GestureEvent' in window && // Listening for gesture events on iOS 13.4+ breaks double-tapping,
+           // but we only need to do this on desktop Safari anyway. – #7694
+           !detected.isMobileWebKit) {
+             // Desktop Safari sends gesture events for multitouch trackpad pinches.
+             // We can listen for these and translate them into map zooms.
+             surface.on('gesturestart.surface', function (d3_event) {
+               d3_event.preventDefault();
+               _gestureTransformStart = projection.transform();
+             }).on('gesturechange.surface', gestureChange);
+           } // must call after surface init
+
+
+           updateAreaFill();
+
+           _doubleUpHandler.on('doubleUp.map', function (d3_event, p0) {
+             if (!_dblClickZoomEnabled) return; // don't zoom if targeting something other than the map itself
+
+             if (_typeof(d3_event.target.__data__) === 'object' && // or area fills
+             !select(d3_event.target).classed('fill')) return;
+             var zoomOut = d3_event.shiftKey;
+             var t = projection.transform();
+             var p1 = t.invert(p0);
+             t = t.scale(zoomOut ? 0.5 : 2);
+             t.x = p0[0] - p1[0] * t.k;
+             t.y = p0[1] - p1[1] * t.k;
+             map.transformEase(t);
+           });
 
-           function hide() {
-               var anchor = select(this);
-               if (_displayType.apply(this, arguments) === 'clickFocus') {
-                   anchor.classed('active', false);
-               }
-               anchor.selectAll('.popover-' + _id).classed('in', false);
-           }
+           context.on('enter.map', function () {
+             if (!map.editableDataEnabled(true
+             /* skip zoom check */
+             )) return; // redraw immediately any objects affected by a change in selectedIDs.
 
+             var graph = context.graph();
+             var selectedAndParents = {};
+             context.selectedIDs().forEach(function (id) {
+               var entity = graph.hasEntity(id);
 
-           function toggle() {
-               if (select(this).select('.popover-' + _id).classed('in')) {
-                   hide.apply(this, arguments);
-               } else {
-                   show.apply(this, arguments);
+               if (entity) {
+                 selectedAndParents[entity.id] = entity;
+
+                 if (entity.type === 'node') {
+                   graph.parentWays(entity).forEach(function (parent) {
+                     selectedAndParents[parent.id] = parent;
+                   });
+                 }
                }
-           }
+             });
+             var data = Object.values(selectedAndParents);
 
+             var filter = function filter(d) {
+               return d.id in selectedAndParents;
+             };
 
-           return popover;
-       }
+             data = context.features().filter(data, graph);
+             surface.call(drawVertices.drawSelected, graph, map.extent()).call(drawLines, graph, data, filter).call(drawAreas, graph, data, filter).call(drawMidpoints, graph, data, filter, map.trimmedExtent());
+             dispatch.call('drawn', this, {
+               full: false
+             }); // redraw everything else later
 
-       function uiTooltip(klass) {
+             scheduleRedraw();
+           });
+           map.dimensions(utilGetDimensions(selection));
+         }
 
-           var tooltip = uiPopover((klass || '') + ' tooltip')
-               .displayType('hover');
+         function zoomEventFilter(d3_event) {
+           // Fix for #2151, (see also d3/d3-zoom#60, d3/d3-brush#18)
+           // Intercept `mousedown` and check if there is an orphaned zoom gesture.
+           // This can happen if a previous `mousedown` occurred without a `mouseup`.
+           // If we detect this, dispatch `mouseup` to complete the orphaned gesture,
+           // so that d3-zoom won't stop propagation of new `mousedown` events.
+           if (d3_event.type === 'mousedown') {
+             var hasOrphan = false;
+             var listeners = window.__on;
 
-           var _title = function() {
-               var title = this.getAttribute('data-original-title');
-               if (title) {
-                   return title;
-               } else {
-                   title = this.getAttribute('title');
-                   this.removeAttribute('title');
-                   this.setAttribute('data-original-title', title);
+             for (var i = 0; i < listeners.length; i++) {
+               var listener = listeners[i];
+
+               if (listener.name === 'zoom' && listener.type === 'mouseup') {
+                 hasOrphan = true;
+                 break;
                }
-               return title;
-           };
+             }
 
-           var _heading = utilFunctor(null);
-           var _keys = utilFunctor(null);
+             if (hasOrphan) {
+               var event = window.CustomEvent;
 
-           tooltip.title = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _title;
-               _title = utilFunctor(val);
-               return tooltip;
-           };
+               if (event) {
+                 event = new event('mouseup');
+               } else {
+                 event = window.document.createEvent('Event');
+                 event.initEvent('mouseup', false, false);
+               } // Event needs to be dispatched with an event.view property.
 
-           tooltip.heading = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _heading;
-               _heading = utilFunctor(val);
-               return tooltip;
-           };
 
-           tooltip.keys = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _keys;
-               _keys = utilFunctor(val);
-               return tooltip;
-           };
+               event.view = window;
+               window.dispatchEvent(event);
+             }
+           }
 
-           tooltip.content(function() {
-               var heading = _heading.apply(this, arguments);
-               var text = _title.apply(this, arguments);
-               var keys = _keys.apply(this, arguments);
+           return d3_event.button !== 2; // ignore right clicks
+         }
 
-               return function(selection) {
+         function pxCenter() {
+           return [_dimensions[0] / 2, _dimensions[1] / 2];
+         }
 
-                   var headingSelect = selection
-                       .selectAll('.tooltip-heading')
-                       .data(heading ? [heading] :[]);
+         function drawEditable(difference, extent) {
+           var mode = context.mode();
+           var graph = context.graph();
+           var features = context.features();
+           var all = context.history().intersects(map.extent());
+           var fullRedraw = false;
+           var data;
+           var set;
+           var filter;
+           var applyFeatureLayerFilters = true;
+
+           if (map.isInWideSelection()) {
+             data = [];
+             utilEntityAndDeepMemberIDs(mode.selectedIDs(), context.graph()).forEach(function (id) {
+               var entity = context.hasEntity(id);
+               if (entity) data.push(entity);
+             });
+             fullRedraw = true;
+             filter = utilFunctor(true); // selected features should always be visible, so we can skip filtering
 
-                   headingSelect.exit()
-                       .remove();
+             applyFeatureLayerFilters = false;
+           } else if (difference) {
+             var complete = difference.complete(map.extent());
+             data = Object.values(complete).filter(Boolean);
+             set = new Set(Object.keys(complete));
 
-                   headingSelect.enter()
-                       .append('div')
-                       .attr('class', 'tooltip-heading')
-                       .merge(headingSelect)
-                       .html(heading);
+             filter = function filter(d) {
+               return set.has(d.id);
+             };
 
-                   var textSelect = selection
-                       .selectAll('.tooltip-text')
-                       .data(text ? [text] :[]);
+             features.clear(data);
+           } else {
+             // force a full redraw if gatherStats detects that a feature
+             // should be auto-hidden (e.g. points or buildings)..
+             if (features.gatherStats(all, graph, _dimensions)) {
+               extent = undefined;
+             }
 
-                   textSelect.exit()
-                       .remove();
+             if (extent) {
+               data = context.history().intersects(map.extent().intersection(extent));
+               set = new Set(data.map(function (entity) {
+                 return entity.id;
+               }));
 
-                   textSelect.enter()
-                       .append('div')
-                       .attr('class', 'tooltip-text')
-                       .merge(textSelect)
-                       .html(text);
+               filter = function filter(d) {
+                 return set.has(d.id);
+               };
+             } else {
+               data = all;
+               fullRedraw = true;
+               filter = utilFunctor(true);
+             }
+           }
 
-                   var keyhintWrap = selection
-                       .selectAll('.keyhint-wrap')
-                       .data(keys && keys.length ? [0] : []);
+           if (applyFeatureLayerFilters) {
+             data = features.filter(data, graph);
+           } else {
+             context.features().resetStats();
+           }
 
-                   keyhintWrap.exit()
-                       .remove();
+           if (mode && mode.id === 'select') {
+             // update selected vertices - the user might have just double-clicked a way,
+             // creating a new vertex, triggering a partial redraw without a mode change
+             surface.call(drawVertices.drawSelected, graph, map.extent());
+           }
 
-                   var keyhintWrapEnter = keyhintWrap.enter()
-                       .append('div')
-                       .attr('class', 'keyhint-wrap');
+           surface.call(drawVertices, graph, data, filter, map.extent(), fullRedraw).call(drawLines, graph, data, filter).call(drawAreas, graph, data, filter).call(drawMidpoints, graph, data, filter, map.trimmedExtent()).call(drawLabels, graph, data, filter, _dimensions, fullRedraw).call(drawPoints, graph, data, filter);
+           dispatch.call('drawn', this, {
+             full: true
+           });
+         }
 
-                   keyhintWrapEnter
-                       .append('span')
-                       .html(_t('tooltip_keyhint'));
+         map.init = function () {
+           drawLayers = svgLayers(projection, context);
+           drawPoints = svgPoints(projection, context);
+           drawVertices = svgVertices(projection, context);
+           drawLines = svgLines(projection, context);
+           drawAreas = svgAreas(projection, context);
+           drawMidpoints = svgMidpoints(projection, context);
+           drawLabels = svgLabels(projection, context);
+         };
 
-                   keyhintWrap = keyhintWrapEnter.merge(keyhintWrap);
+         function editOff() {
+           context.features().resetStats();
+           surface.selectAll('.layer-osm *').remove();
+           surface.selectAll('.layer-touch:not(.markers) *').remove();
+           var allowed = {
+             'browse': true,
+             'save': true,
+             'select-note': true,
+             'select-data': true,
+             'select-error': true
+           };
+           var mode = context.mode();
+
+           if (mode && !allowed[mode.id]) {
+             context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+           }
 
-                   keyhintWrap.selectAll('kbd.shortcut')
-                       .data(keys && keys.length ? keys : [])
-                       .enter()
-                       .append('kbd')
-                       .attr('class', 'shortcut')
-                       .html(function(d) {
-                           return d;
-                       });
-               };
+           dispatch.call('drawn', this, {
+             full: true
            });
+         }
 
-           return tooltip;
-       }
+         function gestureChange(d3_event) {
+           // Remap Safari gesture events to wheel events - #5492
+           // We want these disabled most places, but enabled for zoom/unzoom on map surface
+           // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/GestureEvent
+           var e = d3_event;
+           e.preventDefault();
+           var props = {
+             deltaMode: 0,
+             // dummy values to ignore in zoomPan
+             deltaY: 1,
+             // dummy values to ignore in zoomPan
+             clientX: e.clientX,
+             clientY: e.clientY,
+             screenX: e.screenX,
+             screenY: e.screenY,
+             x: e.x,
+             y: e.y
+           };
+           var e2 = new WheelEvent('wheel', props);
+           e2._scale = e.scale; // preserve the original scale
+
+           e2._rotation = e.rotation; // preserve the original rotation
+
+           _selection.node().dispatchEvent(e2);
+         }
+
+         function zoomPan(event, key, transform) {
+           var source = event && event.sourceEvent || event;
+           var eventTransform = transform || event && event.transform;
+           var x = eventTransform.x;
+           var y = eventTransform.y;
+           var k = eventTransform.k; // Special handling of 'wheel' events:
+           // They might be triggered by the user scrolling the mouse wheel,
+           // or 2-finger pinch/zoom gestures, the transform may need adjustment.
+
+           if (source && source.type === 'wheel') {
+             // assume that the gesture is already handled by pointer events
+             if (_pointerDown) return;
+             var detected = utilDetect();
+             var dX = source.deltaX;
+             var dY = source.deltaY;
+             var x2 = x;
+             var y2 = y;
+             var k2 = k;
+             var t0, p0, p1; // Normalize mousewheel scroll speed (Firefox) - #3029
+             // If wheel delta is provided in LINE units, recalculate it in PIXEL units
+             // We are essentially redoing the calculations that occur here:
+             //   https://github.com/d3/d3-zoom/blob/78563a8348aa4133b07cac92e2595c2227ca7cd7/src/zoom.js#L203
+             // See this for more info:
+             //   https://github.com/basilfx/normalize-wheel/blob/master/src/normalizeWheel.js
+
+             if (source.deltaMode === 1
+             /* LINE */
+             ) {
+                 // Convert from lines to pixels, more if the user is scrolling fast.
+                 // (I made up the exp function to roughly match Firefox to what Chrome does)
+                 // These numbers should be floats, because integers are treated as pan gesture below.
+                 var lines = Math.abs(source.deltaY);
+                 var sign = source.deltaY > 0 ? 1 : -1;
+                 dY = sign * clamp$1(Math.exp((lines - 1) * 0.75) * 4.000244140625, 4.000244140625, // min
+                 350.000244140625 // max
+                 ); // On Firefox Windows and Linux we always get +/- the scroll line amount (default 3)
+                 // There doesn't seem to be any scroll acceleration.
+                 // This multiplier increases the speed a little bit - #5512
+
+                 if (detected.os !== 'mac') {
+                   dY *= 5;
+                 } // recalculate x2,y2,k2
+
+
+                 t0 = _isTransformed ? _transformLast : _transformStart;
+                 p0 = _getMouseCoords(source);
+                 p1 = t0.invert(p0);
+                 k2 = t0.k * Math.pow(2, -dY / 500);
+                 k2 = clamp$1(k2, kMin, kMax);
+                 x2 = p0[0] - p1[0] * k2;
+                 y2 = p0[1] - p1[1] * k2; // 2 finger map pinch zooming (Safari) - #5492
+                 // These are fake `wheel` events we made from Safari `gesturechange` events..
+               } else if (source._scale) {
+               // recalculate x2,y2,k2
+               t0 = _gestureTransformStart;
+               p0 = _getMouseCoords(source);
+               p1 = t0.invert(p0);
+               k2 = t0.k * source._scale;
+               k2 = clamp$1(k2, kMin, kMax);
+               x2 = p0[0] - p1[0] * k2;
+               y2 = p0[1] - p1[1] * k2; // 2 finger map pinch zooming (all browsers except Safari) - #5492
+               // Pinch zooming via the `wheel` event will always have:
+               // - `ctrlKey = true`
+               // - `deltaY` is not round integer pixels (ignore `deltaX`)
+             } else if (source.ctrlKey && !isInteger(dY)) {
+               dY *= 6; // slightly scale up whatever the browser gave us
+               // recalculate x2,y2,k2
+
+               t0 = _isTransformed ? _transformLast : _transformStart;
+               p0 = _getMouseCoords(source);
+               p1 = t0.invert(p0);
+               k2 = t0.k * Math.pow(2, -dY / 500);
+               k2 = clamp$1(k2, kMin, kMax);
+               x2 = p0[0] - p1[0] * k2;
+               y2 = p0[1] - p1[1] * k2; // Trackpad scroll zooming with shift or alt/option key down
+             } else if ((source.altKey || source.shiftKey) && isInteger(dY)) {
+               // recalculate x2,y2,k2
+               t0 = _isTransformed ? _transformLast : _transformStart;
+               p0 = _getMouseCoords(source);
+               p1 = t0.invert(p0);
+               k2 = t0.k * Math.pow(2, -dY / 500);
+               k2 = clamp$1(k2, kMin, kMax);
+               x2 = p0[0] - p1[0] * k2;
+               y2 = p0[1] - p1[1] * k2; // 2 finger map panning (Mac only, all browsers) - #5492, #5512
+               // Panning via the `wheel` event will always have:
+               // - `ctrlKey = false`
+               // - `deltaX`,`deltaY` are round integer pixels
+             } else if (detected.os === 'mac' && !source.ctrlKey && isInteger(dX) && isInteger(dY)) {
+               p1 = projection.translate();
+               x2 = p1[0] - dX;
+               y2 = p1[1] - dY;
+               k2 = projection.scale();
+               k2 = clamp$1(k2, kMin, kMax);
+             } // something changed - replace the event transform
+
+
+             if (x2 !== x || y2 !== y || k2 !== k) {
+               x = x2;
+               y = y2;
+               k = k2;
+               eventTransform = identity$2.translate(x2, y2).scale(k2);
+
+               if (_zoomerPanner._transform) {
+                 // utilZoomPan interface
+                 _zoomerPanner._transform(eventTransform);
+               } else {
+                 // d3_zoom interface
+                 _selection.node().__zoom = eventTransform;
+               }
+             }
+           }
 
-       function uiEditMenu(context) {
-           var dispatch$1 = dispatch('toggled');
+           if (_transformStart.x === x && _transformStart.y === y && _transformStart.k === k) {
+             return; // no change
+           }
 
-           var _menu = select(null);
-           var _operations = [];
-           // the position the menu should be displayed relative to
-           var _anchorLoc = [0, 0];
-           var _anchorLocLonLat = [0, 0];
-           // a string indicating how the menu was opened
-           var _triggerType = '';
+           if (geoScaleToZoom(k, TILESIZE) < _minzoom) {
+             surface.interrupt();
+             dispatch.call('hitMinZoom', this, map);
+             setCenterZoom(map.center(), context.minEditableZoom(), 0, true);
+             scheduleRedraw();
+             dispatch.call('move', this, map);
+             return;
+           }
 
-           var _vpTopMargin = 85; // viewport top margin
-           var _vpBottomMargin = 45; // viewport bottom margin
-           var _vpSideMargin = 35;   // viewport side margin
+           projection.transform(eventTransform);
+           var withinEditableZoom = map.withinEditableZoom();
 
-           var _menuTop = false;
-           var _menuHeight;
-           var _menuWidth;
+           if (_lastWithinEditableZoom !== withinEditableZoom) {
+             if (_lastWithinEditableZoom !== undefined) {
+               // notify that the map zoomed in or out over the editable zoom threshold
+               dispatch.call('crossEditableZoom', this, withinEditableZoom);
+             }
 
-           // hardcode these values to make menu positioning easier
-           var _verticalPadding = 4;
+             _lastWithinEditableZoom = withinEditableZoom;
+           }
 
-           // see also `.edit-menu .tooltip` CSS; include margin
-           var _tooltipWidth = 210;
+           var scale = k / _transformStart.k;
+           var tX = (x / scale - _transformStart.x) * scale;
+           var tY = (y / scale - _transformStart.y) * scale;
 
-           // offset the menu slightly from the target location
-           var _menuSideMargin = 10;
+           if (context.inIntro()) {
+             curtainProjection.transform({
+               x: x - tX,
+               y: y - tY,
+               k: k
+             });
+           }
 
-           var _tooltips = [];
+           if (source) {
+             _lastPointerEvent = event;
+           }
 
-           var editMenu = function(selection) {
+           _isTransformed = true;
+           _transformLast = eventTransform;
+           utilSetTransform(supersurface, tX, tY, scale);
+           scheduleRedraw();
+           dispatch.call('move', this, map);
 
-               var isTouchMenu = _triggerType.includes('touch') || _triggerType.includes('pen');
+           function isInteger(val) {
+             return typeof val === 'number' && isFinite(val) && Math.floor(val) === val;
+           }
+         }
 
-               var ops = _operations.filter(function(op) {
-                   return !isTouchMenu || !op.mouseOnly;
-               });
+         function resetTransform() {
+           if (!_isTransformed) return false;
+           utilSetTransform(supersurface, 0, 0);
+           _isTransformed = false;
 
-               if (!ops.length) return;
+           if (context.inIntro()) {
+             curtainProjection.transform(projection.transform());
+           }
 
-               _tooltips = [];
+           return true;
+         }
 
-               // Position the menu above the anchor for stylus and finger input
-               // since the mapper's hand likely obscures the screen below the anchor
-               _menuTop = isTouchMenu;
+         function redraw(difference, extent) {
+           if (surface.empty() || !_redrawEnabled) return; // If we are in the middle of a zoom/pan, we can't do differenced redraws.
+           // It would result in artifacts where differenced entities are redrawn with
+           // one transform and unchanged entities with another.
 
-               // Show labels for touch input since there aren't hover tooltips
-               var showLabels = isTouchMenu;
+           if (resetTransform()) {
+             difference = extent = undefined;
+           }
 
-               var buttonHeight = showLabels ? 32 : 34;
-               if (showLabels) {
-                   // Get a general idea of the width based on the length of the label
-                   _menuWidth = 52 + Math.min(120, 6 * Math.max.apply(Math, ops.map(function(op) {
-                       return op.title.length;
-                   })));
-               } else {
-                   _menuWidth = 44;
-               }
+           var zoom = map.zoom();
+           var z = String(~~zoom);
 
-               _menuHeight = _verticalPadding * 2 + ops.length * buttonHeight;
+           if (surface.attr('data-zoom') !== z) {
+             surface.attr('data-zoom', z);
+           } // class surface as `lowzoom` around z17-z18.5 (based on latitude)
 
-               _menu = selection
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'edit-menu')
-                   .classed('touch-menu', isTouchMenu)
-                   .style('padding', _verticalPadding + 'px 0');
-
-               var buttons = _menu.selectAll('.edit-menu-item')
-                   .data(ops);
-
-               // enter
-               var buttonsEnter = buttons.enter()
-                   .append('button')
-                   .attr('class', function (d) { return 'edit-menu-item edit-menu-item-' + d.id; })
-                   .style('height', buttonHeight + 'px')
-                   .on('click', click)
-                   // don't listen for `mouseup` because we only care about non-mouse pointer types
-                   .on('pointerup', pointerup)
-                   .on('pointerdown mousedown', function pointerdown() {
-                       // don't let button presses also act as map input - #1869
-                       event.stopPropagation();
-                   });
 
-               buttonsEnter.each(function(d) {
-                   var tooltip = uiTooltip()
-                       .heading(d.title)
-                       .title(d.tooltip())
-                       .keys([d.keys[0]]);
+           var lat = map.center()[1];
+           var lowzoom = linear().domain([-60, 0, 60]).range([17, 18.5, 17]).clamp(true);
+           surface.classed('low-zoom', zoom <= lowzoom(lat));
 
-                   _tooltips.push(tooltip);
+           if (!difference) {
+             supersurface.call(context.background());
+             wrapper.call(drawLayers);
+           } // OSM
 
-                   select(this)
-                       .call(tooltip)
-                       .append('div')
-                       .attr('class', 'icon-wrap')
-                       .call(svgIcon('#iD-operation-' + d.id, 'operation'));
-               });
 
-               if (showLabels) {
-                   buttonsEnter.append('span')
-                       .attr('class', 'label')
-                       .text(function(d) {
-                           return d.title;
-                       });
-               }
+           if (map.editableDataEnabled() || map.isInWideSelection()) {
+             context.loadTiles(projection);
+             drawEditable(difference, extent);
+           } else {
+             editOff();
+           }
 
-               // update
-               buttons = buttonsEnter
-                   .merge(buttons)
-                   .classed('disabled', function(d) { return d.disabled(); });
+           _transformStart = projection.transform();
+           return map;
+         }
 
-               updatePosition();
+         var immediateRedraw = function immediateRedraw(difference, extent) {
+           if (!difference && !extent) cancelPendingRedraw();
+           redraw(difference, extent);
+         };
 
-               var initialScale = context.projection.scale();
-               context.map()
-                   .on('move.edit-menu', function() {
-                       if (initialScale !== context.projection.scale()) {
-                           editMenu.close();
-                       }
-                   })
-                   .on('drawn.edit-menu', function(info) {
-                       if (info.full) updatePosition();
-                   });
+         map.lastPointerEvent = function () {
+           return _lastPointerEvent;
+         };
 
-               var lastPointerUpType;
-               // `pointerup` is always called before `click`
-               function pointerup() {
-                   lastPointerUpType = event.pointerType;
-               }
-
-               function click(operation) {
-                   event.stopPropagation();
-                   if (operation.disabled()) {
-                       if (lastPointerUpType === 'touch' ||
-                           lastPointerUpType === 'pen') {
-                           // there are no tooltips for touch interactions so flash feedback instead
-                           context.ui().flash
-                               .duration(4000)
-                               .iconName('#iD-operation-' + operation.id)
-                               .iconClass('operation disabled')
-                               .text(operation.tooltip)();
-                       }
-                   } else {
-                       if (lastPointerUpType === 'touch' ||
-                           lastPointerUpType === 'pen') {
-                           context.ui().flash
-                               .duration(2000)
-                               .iconName('#iD-operation-' + operation.id)
-                               .iconClass('operation')
-                               .text(operation.annotation() || operation.title)();
-                       }
+         map.mouse = function (d3_event) {
+           var event = d3_event || _lastPointerEvent;
 
-                       operation();
-                       editMenu.close();
-                   }
-                   lastPointerUpType = null;
-               }
+           if (event) {
+             var s;
 
-               dispatch$1.call('toggled', this, true);
-           };
+             while (s = event.sourceEvent) {
+               event = s;
+             }
 
-           function updatePosition() {
+             return _getMouseCoords(event);
+           }
 
-               if (!_menu || _menu.empty()) return;
+           return null;
+         }; // returns Lng/Lat
 
-               var anchorLoc = context.projection(_anchorLocLonLat);
 
-               var viewport = context.surfaceRect();
+         map.mouseCoordinates = function () {
+           var coord = map.mouse() || pxCenter();
+           return projection.invert(coord);
+         };
 
-               if (anchorLoc[0] < 0 ||
-                   anchorLoc[0] > viewport.width ||
-                   anchorLoc[1] < 0 ||
-                   anchorLoc[1] > viewport.height) {
-                   // close the menu if it's gone offscreen
+         map.dblclickZoomEnable = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _dblClickZoomEnabled;
+           _dblClickZoomEnabled = val;
+           return map;
+         };
 
-                   editMenu.close();
-                   return;
-               }
+         map.redrawEnable = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _redrawEnabled;
+           _redrawEnabled = val;
+           return map;
+         };
 
-               var menuLeft = displayOnLeft(viewport);
+         map.isTransformed = function () {
+           return _isTransformed;
+         };
 
-               var offset = [0, 0];
+         function setTransform(t2, duration, force) {
+           var t = projection.transform();
+           if (!force && t2.k === t.k && t2.x === t.x && t2.y === t.y) return false;
 
-               offset[0] = menuLeft ? -1 * (_menuSideMargin + _menuWidth) : _menuSideMargin;
+           if (duration) {
+             _selection.transition().duration(duration).on('start', function () {
+               map.startEase();
+             }).call(_zoomerPanner.transform, identity$2.translate(t2.x, t2.y).scale(t2.k));
+           } else {
+             projection.transform(t2);
+             _transformStart = t2;
 
-               if (_menuTop) {
-                   if (anchorLoc[1] - _menuHeight < _vpTopMargin) {
-                       // menu is near top viewport edge, shift downward
-                       offset[1] = -anchorLoc[1] + _vpTopMargin;
-                   } else {
-                       offset[1] = -_menuHeight;
-                   }
-               } else {
-                   if (anchorLoc[1] + _menuHeight > (viewport.height - _vpBottomMargin)) {
-                       // menu is near bottom viewport edge, shift upwards
-                       offset[1] = -anchorLoc[1] - _menuHeight + viewport.height - _vpBottomMargin;
-                   } else {
-                       offset[1] = 0;
-                   }
-               }
+             _selection.call(_zoomerPanner.transform, _transformStart);
+           }
 
-               var origin = geoVecAdd(anchorLoc, offset);
+           return true;
+         }
 
-               _menu
-                   .style('left', origin[0] + 'px')
-                   .style('top', origin[1] + 'px');
+         function setCenterZoom(loc2, z2, duration, force) {
+           var c = map.center();
+           var z = map.zoom();
+           if (loc2[0] === c[0] && loc2[1] === c[1] && z2 === z && !force) return false;
+           var proj = geoRawMercator().transform(projection.transform()); // copy projection
+
+           var k2 = clamp$1(geoZoomToScale(z2, TILESIZE), kMin, kMax);
+           proj.scale(k2);
+           var t = proj.translate();
+           var point = proj(loc2);
+           var center = pxCenter();
+           t[0] += center[0] - point[0];
+           t[1] += center[1] - point[1];
+           return setTransform(identity$2.translate(t[0], t[1]).scale(k2), duration, force);
+         }
+
+         map.pan = function (delta, duration) {
+           var t = projection.translate();
+           var k = projection.scale();
+           t[0] += delta[0];
+           t[1] += delta[1];
+
+           if (duration) {
+             _selection.transition().duration(duration).on('start', function () {
+               map.startEase();
+             }).call(_zoomerPanner.transform, identity$2.translate(t[0], t[1]).scale(k));
+           } else {
+             projection.translate(t);
+             _transformStart = projection.transform();
 
-               var tooltipSide = tooltipPosition(viewport, menuLeft);
-               _tooltips.forEach(function(tooltip) {
-                   tooltip.placement(tooltipSide);
-               });
+             _selection.call(_zoomerPanner.transform, _transformStart);
 
-               function displayOnLeft(viewport) {
-                   if (_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'ltr') {
-                       if ((anchorLoc[0] + _menuSideMargin + _menuWidth) > (viewport.width - _vpSideMargin)) {
-                           // right menu would be too close to the right viewport edge, go left
-                           return true;
-                       }
-                       // prefer right menu
-                       return false;
+             dispatch.call('move', this, map);
+             immediateRedraw();
+           }
 
-                   } else { // rtl
-                       if ((anchorLoc[0] - _menuSideMargin - _menuWidth) < _vpSideMargin) {
-                           // left menu would be too close to the left viewport edge, go right
-                           return false;
-                       }
-                       // prefer left menu
-                       return true;
-                   }
-               }
+           return map;
+         };
 
-               function tooltipPosition(viewport, menuLeft) {
-                   if (_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'ltr') {
-                       if (menuLeft) {
-                           // if there's not room for a right-side menu then there definitely
-                           // isn't room for right-side tooltips
-                           return 'left';
-                       }
-                       if ((anchorLoc[0] + _menuSideMargin + _menuWidth + _tooltipWidth) > (viewport.width - _vpSideMargin)) {
-                           // right tooltips would be too close to the right viewport edge, go left
-                           return 'left';
-                       }
-                       // prefer right tooltips
-                       return 'right';
+         map.dimensions = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _dimensions;
+           _dimensions = val;
+           drawLayers.dimensions(_dimensions);
+           context.background().dimensions(_dimensions);
+           projection.clipExtent([[0, 0], _dimensions]);
+           _getMouseCoords = utilFastMouse(supersurface.node());
+           scheduleRedraw();
+           return map;
+         };
 
-                   } else { // rtl
-                       if (!menuLeft) {
-                           return 'right';
-                       }
-                       if ((anchorLoc[0] - _menuSideMargin - _menuWidth - _tooltipWidth) < _vpSideMargin) {
-                           // left tooltips would be too close to the left viewport edge, go right
-                           return 'right';
-                       }
-                       // prefer left tooltips
-                       return 'left';
-                   }
-               }
-           }
+         function zoomIn(delta) {
+           setCenterZoom(map.center(), ~~map.zoom() + delta, 250, true);
+         }
 
-           editMenu.close = function () {
+         function zoomOut(delta) {
+           setCenterZoom(map.center(), ~~map.zoom() - delta, 250, true);
+         }
 
-               context.map()
-                   .on('move.edit-menu', null)
-                   .on('drawn.edit-menu', null);
+         map.zoomIn = function () {
+           zoomIn(1);
+         };
 
-               _menu.remove();
-               _tooltips = [];
+         map.zoomInFurther = function () {
+           zoomIn(4);
+         };
 
-               dispatch$1.call('toggled', this, false);
-           };
+         map.canZoomIn = function () {
+           return map.zoom() < maxZoom;
+         };
 
-           editMenu.anchorLoc = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _anchorLoc;
-               _anchorLoc = val;
-               _anchorLocLonLat = context.projection.invert(_anchorLoc);
-               return editMenu;
-           };
+         map.zoomOut = function () {
+           zoomOut(1);
+         };
 
-           editMenu.triggerType = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _triggerType;
-               _triggerType = val;
-               return editMenu;
-           };
+         map.zoomOutFurther = function () {
+           zoomOut(4);
+         };
 
-           editMenu.operations = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _operations;
-               _operations = val;
-               return editMenu;
-           };
+         map.canZoomOut = function () {
+           return map.zoom() > minZoom;
+         };
 
-           return utilRebind(editMenu, dispatch$1, 'on');
-       }
+         map.center = function (loc2) {
+           if (!arguments.length) {
+             return projection.invert(pxCenter());
+           }
 
-       function uiFeatureInfo(context) {
-           function update(selection) {
-               var features = context.features();
-               var stats = features.stats();
-               var count = 0;
-               var hiddenList = features.hidden().map(function(k) {
-                   if (stats[k]) {
-                       count += stats[k];
-                       return String(stats[k]) + ' ' + _t('feature.' + k + '.description');
-                   }
-               }).filter(Boolean);
+           if (setCenterZoom(loc2, map.zoom())) {
+             dispatch.call('move', this, map);
+           }
 
-               selection.html('');
+           scheduleRedraw();
+           return map;
+         };
 
-               if (hiddenList.length) {
-                   var tooltipBehavior = uiTooltip()
-                       .placement('top')
-                       .title(function() {
-                           return hiddenList.join('<br/>');
-                       });
+         map.unobscuredCenterZoomEase = function (loc, zoom) {
+           var offset = map.unobscuredOffsetPx();
+           var proj = geoRawMercator().transform(projection.transform()); // copy projection
+           // use the target zoom to calculate the offset center
 
-                   selection.append('a')
-                       .attr('class', 'chip')
-                       .attr('href', '#')
-                       .attr('tabindex', -1)
-                       .html(_t('feature_info.hidden_warning', { count: count }))
-                       .call(tooltipBehavior)
-                       .on('click', function() {
-                           tooltipBehavior.hide();
-                           event.preventDefault();
-                           // open the Map Data pane
-                           context.ui().togglePanes(context.container().select('.map-panes .map-data-pane'));
-                       });
-               }
+           proj.scale(geoZoomToScale(zoom, TILESIZE));
+           var locPx = proj(loc);
+           var offsetLocPx = [locPx[0] + offset[0], locPx[1] + offset[1]];
+           var offsetLoc = proj.invert(offsetLocPx);
+           map.centerZoomEase(offsetLoc, zoom);
+         };
+
+         map.unobscuredOffsetPx = function () {
+           var openPane = context.container().select('.map-panes .map-pane.shown');
 
-               selection
-                   .classed('hide', !hiddenList.length);
+           if (!openPane.empty()) {
+             return [openPane.node().offsetWidth / 2, 0];
            }
 
+           return [0, 0];
+         };
 
-           return function(selection) {
-               update(selection);
+         map.zoom = function (z2) {
+           if (!arguments.length) {
+             return Math.max(geoScaleToZoom(projection.scale(), TILESIZE), 0);
+           }
 
-               context.features().on('change.feature_info', function() {
-                   update(selection);
-               });
-           };
-       }
+           if (z2 < _minzoom) {
+             surface.interrupt();
+             dispatch.call('hitMinZoom', this, map);
+             z2 = context.minEditableZoom();
+           }
 
-       function uiFlash(context) {
-           var _flashTimer;
+           if (setCenterZoom(map.center(), z2)) {
+             dispatch.call('move', this, map);
+           }
 
-           var _duration = 2000;
-           var _iconName = '#iD-icon-no';
-           var _iconClass = 'disabled';
-           var _text = '';
-           var _textClass;
+           scheduleRedraw();
+           return map;
+         };
 
-           function flash() {
-               if (_flashTimer) {
-                   _flashTimer.stop();
-               }
+         map.centerZoom = function (loc2, z2) {
+           if (setCenterZoom(loc2, z2)) {
+             dispatch.call('move', this, map);
+           }
 
-               context.container().select('.main-footer-wrap')
-                   .classed('footer-hide', true)
-                   .classed('footer-show', false);
-               context.container().select('.flash-wrap')
-                   .classed('footer-hide', false)
-                   .classed('footer-show', true);
+           scheduleRedraw();
+           return map;
+         };
 
-               var content = context.container().select('.flash-wrap').selectAll('.flash-content')
-                   .data([0]);
+         map.zoomTo = function (entity) {
+           var extent = entity.extent(context.graph());
+           if (!isFinite(extent.area())) return map;
+           var z2 = clamp$1(map.trimmedExtentZoom(extent), 0, 20);
+           return map.centerZoom(extent.center(), z2);
+         };
 
-               // Enter
-               var contentEnter = content.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'flash-content');
+         map.centerEase = function (loc2, duration) {
+           duration = duration || 250;
+           setCenterZoom(loc2, map.zoom(), duration);
+           return map;
+         };
 
-               var iconEnter = contentEnter
-                   .append('svg')
-                   .attr('class', 'flash-icon icon')
-                   .append('g')
-                   .attr('transform', 'translate(10,10)');
+         map.zoomEase = function (z2, duration) {
+           duration = duration || 250;
+           setCenterZoom(map.center(), z2, duration, false);
+           return map;
+         };
 
-               iconEnter
-                   .append('circle')
-                   .attr('r', 9);
+         map.centerZoomEase = function (loc2, z2, duration) {
+           duration = duration || 250;
+           setCenterZoom(loc2, z2, duration, false);
+           return map;
+         };
 
-               iconEnter
-                   .append('use')
-                   .attr('transform', 'translate(-7,-7)')
-                   .attr('width', '14')
-                   .attr('height', '14');
+         map.transformEase = function (t2, duration) {
+           duration = duration || 250;
+           setTransform(t2, duration, false
+           /* don't force */
+           );
+           return map;
+         };
 
-               contentEnter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'flash-text');
+         map.zoomToEase = function (obj, duration) {
+           var extent;
 
+           if (Array.isArray(obj)) {
+             obj.forEach(function (entity) {
+               var entityExtent = entity.extent(context.graph());
 
-               // Update
-               content = content
-                   .merge(contentEnter);
+               if (!extent) {
+                 extent = entityExtent;
+               } else {
+                 extent = extent.extend(entityExtent);
+               }
+             });
+           } else {
+             extent = obj.extent(context.graph());
+           }
 
-               content
-                   .selectAll('.flash-icon')
-                   .attr('class', 'icon flash-icon ' + (_iconClass || ''));
+           if (!isFinite(extent.area())) return map;
+           var z2 = clamp$1(map.trimmedExtentZoom(extent), 0, 20);
+           return map.centerZoomEase(extent.center(), z2, duration);
+         };
 
-               content
-                   .selectAll('.flash-icon use')
-                   .attr('xlink:href', _iconName);
+         map.startEase = function () {
+           utilBindOnce(surface, _pointerPrefix + 'down.ease', function () {
+             map.cancelEase();
+           });
+           return map;
+         };
 
-               content
-                   .selectAll('.flash-text')
-                   .attr('class', 'flash-text ' + (_textClass || ''))
-                   .text(_text);
+         map.cancelEase = function () {
+           _selection.interrupt();
 
+           return map;
+         };
 
-               _flashTimer = d3_timeout(function() {
-                   _flashTimer = null;
-                   context.container().select('.main-footer-wrap')
-                       .classed('footer-hide', false)
-                       .classed('footer-show', true);
-                   context.container().select('.flash-wrap')
-                       .classed('footer-hide', true)
-                       .classed('footer-show', false);
-               }, _duration);
+         map.extent = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) {
+             return new geoExtent(projection.invert([0, _dimensions[1]]), projection.invert([_dimensions[0], 0]));
+           } else {
+             var extent = geoExtent(val);
+             map.centerZoom(extent.center(), map.extentZoom(extent));
+           }
+         };
 
-               return content;
+         map.trimmedExtent = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) {
+             var headerY = 71;
+             var footerY = 30;
+             var pad = 10;
+             return new geoExtent(projection.invert([pad, _dimensions[1] - footerY - pad]), projection.invert([_dimensions[0] - pad, headerY + pad]));
+           } else {
+             var extent = geoExtent(val);
+             map.centerZoom(extent.center(), map.trimmedExtentZoom(extent));
            }
+         };
 
+         function calcExtentZoom(extent, dim) {
+           var tl = projection([extent[0][0], extent[1][1]]);
+           var br = projection([extent[1][0], extent[0][1]]); // Calculate maximum zoom that fits extent
 
-           flash.duration = function(_) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _duration;
-               _duration = _;
-               return flash;
-           };
+           var hFactor = (br[0] - tl[0]) / dim[0];
+           var vFactor = (br[1] - tl[1]) / dim[1];
+           var hZoomDiff = Math.log(Math.abs(hFactor)) / Math.LN2;
+           var vZoomDiff = Math.log(Math.abs(vFactor)) / Math.LN2;
+           var newZoom = map.zoom() - Math.max(hZoomDiff, vZoomDiff);
+           return newZoom;
+         }
 
-           flash.text = function(_) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _text;
-               _text = _;
-               return flash;
-           };
+         map.extentZoom = function (val) {
+           return calcExtentZoom(geoExtent(val), _dimensions);
+         };
 
-           flash.textClass = function(_) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _textClass;
-               _textClass = _;
-               return flash;
-           };
+         map.trimmedExtentZoom = function (val) {
+           var trimY = 120;
+           var trimX = 40;
+           var trimmed = [_dimensions[0] - trimX, _dimensions[1] - trimY];
+           return calcExtentZoom(geoExtent(val), trimmed);
+         };
 
-           flash.iconName = function(_) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _iconName;
-               _iconName = _;
-               return flash;
-           };
+         map.withinEditableZoom = function () {
+           return map.zoom() >= context.minEditableZoom();
+         };
 
-           flash.iconClass = function(_) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _iconClass;
-               _iconClass = _;
-               return flash;
-           };
+         map.isInWideSelection = function () {
+           return !map.withinEditableZoom() && context.selectedIDs().length;
+         };
 
-           return flash;
-       }
+         map.editableDataEnabled = function (skipZoomCheck) {
+           var layer = context.layers().layer('osm');
+           if (!layer || !layer.enabled()) return false;
+           return skipZoomCheck || map.withinEditableZoom();
+         };
 
-       function uiFullScreen(context) {
-           var element = context.container().node();
-           // var button = d3_select(null);
+         map.notesEditable = function () {
+           var layer = context.layers().layer('notes');
+           if (!layer || !layer.enabled()) return false;
+           return map.withinEditableZoom();
+         };
 
+         map.minzoom = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _minzoom;
+           _minzoom = val;
+           return map;
+         };
 
-           function getFullScreenFn() {
-               if (element.requestFullscreen) {
-                   return element.requestFullscreen;
-               } else if (element.msRequestFullscreen) {
-                   return element.msRequestFullscreen;
-               } else if (element.mozRequestFullScreen) {
-                   return element.mozRequestFullScreen;
-               } else if (element.webkitRequestFullscreen) {
-                   return element.webkitRequestFullscreen;
-               }
-           }
+         map.toggleHighlightEdited = function () {
+           surface.classed('highlight-edited', !surface.classed('highlight-edited'));
+           map.pan([0, 0]); // trigger a redraw
 
+           dispatch.call('changeHighlighting', this);
+         };
 
-           function getExitFullScreenFn() {
-               if (document.exitFullscreen) {
-                   return document.exitFullscreen;
-               } else if (document.msExitFullscreen) {
-                   return document.msExitFullscreen;
-               } else if (document.mozCancelFullScreen) {
-                   return document.mozCancelFullScreen;
-               } else if (document.webkitExitFullscreen) {
-                   return document.webkitExitFullscreen;
-               }
-           }
+         map.areaFillOptions = ['wireframe', 'partial', 'full'];
 
+         map.activeAreaFill = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return corePreferences('area-fill') || 'partial';
+           corePreferences('area-fill', val);
 
-           function isFullScreen() {
-               return document.fullscreenElement ||
-                   document.mozFullScreenElement ||
-                   document.webkitFullscreenElement ||
-                   document.msFullscreenElement;
+           if (val !== 'wireframe') {
+             corePreferences('area-fill-toggle', val);
            }
 
+           updateAreaFill();
+           map.pan([0, 0]); // trigger a redraw
 
-           function isSupported() {
-               return !!getFullScreenFn();
-           }
+           dispatch.call('changeAreaFill', this);
+           return map;
+         };
 
+         map.toggleWireframe = function () {
+           var activeFill = map.activeAreaFill();
 
-           function fullScreen() {
-               event.preventDefault();
-               if (!isFullScreen()) {
-                   // button.classed('active', true);
-                   getFullScreenFn().apply(element);
-               } else {
-                   // button.classed('active', false);
-                   getExitFullScreenFn().apply(document);
-               }
+           if (activeFill === 'wireframe') {
+             activeFill = corePreferences('area-fill-toggle') || 'partial';
+           } else {
+             activeFill = 'wireframe';
            }
 
+           map.activeAreaFill(activeFill);
+         };
 
-           return function() { // selection) {
-               if (!isSupported()) return;
+         function updateAreaFill() {
+           var activeFill = map.activeAreaFill();
+           map.areaFillOptions.forEach(function (opt) {
+             surface.classed('fill-' + opt, Boolean(opt === activeFill));
+           });
+         }
 
-               // button = selection.append('button')
-               //     .attr('title', t('full_screen'))
-               //     .attr('tabindex', -1)
-               //     .on('click', fullScreen)
-               //     .call(tooltip);
+         map.layers = function () {
+           return drawLayers;
+         };
 
-               // button.append('span')
-               //     .attr('class', 'icon full-screen');
+         map.doubleUpHandler = function () {
+           return _doubleUpHandler;
+         };
 
-               var detected = utilDetect();
-               var keys = (detected.os === 'mac' ? [uiCmd('⌃⌘F'), 'f11'] : ['f11']);
-               context.keybinding().on(keys, fullScreen);
-           };
+         return utilRebind(map, dispatch, 'on');
        }
 
-       function uiGeolocate(context) {
-           var _geolocationOptions = {
-               // prioritize speed and power usage over precision
-               enableHighAccuracy: false,
-               // don't hang indefinitely getting the location
-               timeout: 6000 // 6sec
-           };
-           var _locating = uiLoading(context).message(_t('geolocate.locating')).blocking(true);
-           var _layer = context.layers().layer('geolocate');
-           var _position;
-           var _extent;
-           var _timeoutID;
-           var _button = select(null);
+       function rendererPhotos(context) {
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('change');
+         var _layerIDs = ['streetside', 'mapillary', 'mapillary-map-features', 'mapillary-signs', 'openstreetcam'];
+         var _allPhotoTypes = ['flat', 'panoramic'];
 
-           function click() {
-               if (context.inIntro()) return;
-               if (!_layer.enabled() && !_locating.isShown()) {
+         var _shownPhotoTypes = _allPhotoTypes.slice(); // shallow copy
 
-                   // This timeout ensures that we still call finish() even if
-                   // the user declines to share their location in Firefox
-                   _timeoutID = setTimeout(error, 10000 /* 10sec */ );
 
-                   context.container().call(_locating);
-                   // get the latest position even if we already have one
-                   navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(success, error, _geolocationOptions);
-               } else {
-                   _locating.close();
-                   _layer.enabled(null, false);
-                   updateButtonState();
-               }
-           }
+         var _dateFilters = ['fromDate', 'toDate'];
 
-           function zoomTo() {
-               context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+         var _fromDate;
 
-               var map = context.map();
-               _layer.enabled(_position, true);
-               updateButtonState();
-               map.centerZoomEase(_extent.center(), Math.min(20, map.extentZoom(_extent)));
-           }
+         var _toDate;
 
-           function success(geolocation) {
-               _position = geolocation;
-               var coords = _position.coords;
-               _extent = geoExtent([coords.longitude, coords.latitude]).padByMeters(coords.accuracy);
-               zoomTo();
-               finish();
-           }
+         var _usernames;
 
-           function error() {
-               if (_position) {
-                   // use the position from a previous call if we have one
-                   zoomTo();
-               } else {
-                   context.ui().flash
-                       .text(_t('geolocate.location_unavailable'))
-                       .iconName('#iD-icon-geolocate')();
-               }
+         function photos() {}
 
-               finish();
-           }
+         function updateStorage() {
+           if (window.mocha) return;
+           var hash = utilStringQs(window.location.hash);
+           var enabled = context.layers().all().filter(function (d) {
+             return _layerIDs.indexOf(d.id) !== -1 && d.layer && d.layer.supported() && d.layer.enabled();
+           }).map(function (d) {
+             return d.id;
+           });
 
-           function finish() {
-               _locating.close();  // unblock ui
-               if (_timeoutID) { clearTimeout(_timeoutID); }
-               _timeoutID = undefined;
+           if (enabled.length) {
+             hash.photo_overlay = enabled.join(',');
+           } else {
+             delete hash.photo_overlay;
            }
 
-           function updateButtonState() {
-               _button.classed('active', _layer.enabled());
-           }
+           window.location.replace('#' + utilQsString(hash, true));
+         }
 
-           return function(selection) {
-               if (!navigator.geolocation || !navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition) return;
+         photos.overlayLayerIDs = function () {
+           return _layerIDs;
+         };
 
-               _button = selection
-                   .append('button')
-                   .on('click', click)
-                   .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-geolocate', 'light'))
-                   .call(uiTooltip()
-                       .placement((_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl') ? 'right' : 'left')
-                       .title(_t('geolocate.title'))
-                       .keys([_t('geolocate.key')])
-                   );
+         photos.allPhotoTypes = function () {
+           return _allPhotoTypes;
+         };
 
-               context.keybinding().on(_t('geolocate.key'), click);
-           };
-       }
+         photos.dateFilters = function () {
+           return _dateFilters;
+         };
 
-       function uiPanelBackground(context) {
-           var background = context.background();
-           var currSourceName = null;
-           var metadata = {};
-           var metadataKeys = [
-               'zoom', 'vintage', 'source', 'description', 'resolution', 'accuracy'
-           ];
+         photos.dateFilterValue = function (val) {
+           return val === _dateFilters[0] ? _fromDate : _toDate;
+         };
 
-           var debouncedRedraw = debounce(redraw, 250);
+         photos.setDateFilter = function (type, val, updateUrl) {
+           // validate the date
+           var date = val && new Date(val);
 
-           function redraw(selection) {
-               var source = background.baseLayerSource();
-               if (!source) return;
+           if (date && !isNaN(date)) {
+             val = date.toISOString().substr(0, 10);
+           } else {
+             val = null;
+           }
 
-               var isDG = (source.id.match(/^DigitalGlobe/i) !== null);
+           if (type === _dateFilters[0]) {
+             _fromDate = val;
 
-               if (currSourceName !== source.name()) {
-                   currSourceName = source.name();
-                   metadata = {};
-               }
+             if (_fromDate && _toDate && new Date(_toDate) < new Date(_fromDate)) {
+               _toDate = _fromDate;
+             }
+           }
 
-               selection.html('');
+           if (type === _dateFilters[1]) {
+             _toDate = val;
 
-               var list = selection
-                   .append('ul')
-                   .attr('class', 'background-info');
-
-               list
-                   .append('li')
-                   .text(currSourceName);
-
-               metadataKeys.forEach(function(k) {
-                   // DigitalGlobe vintage is available in raster layers for now.
-                   if (isDG && k === 'vintage') return;
-
-                   list
-                       .append('li')
-                       .attr('class', 'background-info-list-' + k)
-                       .classed('hide', !metadata[k])
-                       .text(_t('info_panels.background.' + k) + ':')
-                       .append('span')
-                       .attr('class', 'background-info-span-' + k)
-                       .text(metadata[k]);
-               });
+             if (_fromDate && _toDate && new Date(_toDate) < new Date(_fromDate)) {
+               _fromDate = _toDate;
+             }
+           }
 
-               debouncedGetMetadata(selection);
+           dispatch.call('change', this);
 
-               var toggleTiles = context.getDebug('tile') ? 'hide_tiles' : 'show_tiles';
+           if (updateUrl) {
+             var rangeString;
 
-               selection
-                   .append('a')
-                   .text(_t('info_panels.background.' + toggleTiles))
-                   .attr('href', '#')
-                   .attr('class', 'button button-toggle-tiles')
-                   .on('click', function() {
-                       event.preventDefault();
-                       context.setDebug('tile', !context.getDebug('tile'));
-                       selection.call(redraw);
-                   });
+             if (_fromDate || _toDate) {
+               rangeString = (_fromDate || '') + '_' + (_toDate || '');
+             }
 
-               if (isDG) {
-                   var key = source.id + '-vintage';
-                   var sourceVintage = context.background().findSource(key);
-                   var showsVintage = context.background().showsLayer(sourceVintage);
-                   var toggleVintage = showsVintage ? 'hide_vintage' : 'show_vintage';
-                   selection
-                       .append('a')
-                       .text(_t('info_panels.background.' + toggleVintage))
-                       .attr('href', '#')
-                       .attr('class', 'button button-toggle-vintage')
-                       .on('click', function() {
-                           event.preventDefault();
-                           context.background().toggleOverlayLayer(sourceVintage);
-                           selection.call(redraw);
-                       });
-               }
+             setUrlFilterValue('photo_dates', rangeString);
+           }
+         };
 
-               // disable if necessary
-               ['DigitalGlobe-Premium', 'DigitalGlobe-Standard'].forEach(function(layerId) {
-                   if (source.id !== layerId) {
-                       var key = layerId + '-vintage';
-                       var sourceVintage = context.background().findSource(key);
-                       if (context.background().showsLayer(sourceVintage)) {
-                           context.background().toggleOverlayLayer(sourceVintage);
-                       }
-                   }
-               });
+         photos.setUsernameFilter = function (val, updateUrl) {
+           if (val && typeof val === 'string') val = val.replace(/;/g, ',').split(',');
+
+           if (val) {
+             val = val.map(function (d) {
+               return d.trim();
+             }).filter(Boolean);
+
+             if (!val.length) {
+               val = null;
+             }
            }
 
+           _usernames = val;
+           dispatch.call('change', this);
 
-           var debouncedGetMetadata = debounce(getMetadata, 250);
+           if (updateUrl) {
+             var hashString;
 
-           function getMetadata(selection) {
-               var tile = context.container().select('.layer-background img.tile-center');   // tile near viewport center
-               if (tile.empty()) return;
+             if (_usernames) {
+               hashString = _usernames.join(',');
+             }
 
-               var sourceName = currSourceName;
-               var d = tile.datum();
-               var zoom = (d && d.length >= 3 && d[2]) || Math.floor(context.map().zoom());
-               var center = context.map().center();
+             setUrlFilterValue('photo_username', hashString);
+           }
+         };
 
-               // update zoom
-               metadata.zoom = String(zoom);
-               selection.selectAll('.background-info-list-zoom')
-                   .classed('hide', false)
-                   .selectAll('.background-info-span-zoom')
-                   .text(metadata.zoom);
-
-               if (!d || !d.length >= 3) return;
-
-               background.baseLayerSource().getMetadata(center, d, function(err, result) {
-                   if (err || currSourceName !== sourceName) return;
-
-                   // update vintage
-                   var vintage = result.vintage;
-                   metadata.vintage = (vintage && vintage.range) || _t('info_panels.background.unknown');
-                   selection.selectAll('.background-info-list-vintage')
-                       .classed('hide', false)
-                       .selectAll('.background-info-span-vintage')
-                       .text(metadata.vintage);
-
-                   // update other metdata
-                   metadataKeys.forEach(function(k) {
-                       if (k === 'zoom' || k === 'vintage') return;  // done already
-                       var val = result[k];
-                       metadata[k] = val;
-                       selection.selectAll('.background-info-list-' + k)
-                           .classed('hide', !val)
-                           .selectAll('.background-info-span-' + k)
-                           .text(val);
-                   });
-               });
+         function setUrlFilterValue(property, val) {
+           if (!window.mocha) {
+             var hash = utilStringQs(window.location.hash);
+
+             if (val) {
+               if (hash[property] === val) return;
+               hash[property] = val;
+             } else {
+               if (!(property in hash)) return;
+               delete hash[property];
+             }
+
+             window.location.replace('#' + utilQsString(hash, true));
            }
+         }
 
+         function showsLayer(id) {
+           var layer = context.layers().layer(id);
+           return layer && layer.supported() && layer.enabled();
+         }
 
-           var panel = function(selection) {
-               selection.call(redraw);
+         photos.shouldFilterByDate = function () {
+           return showsLayer('mapillary') || showsLayer('openstreetcam') || showsLayer('streetside');
+         };
 
-               context.map()
-                   .on('drawn.info-background', function() {
-                       selection.call(debouncedRedraw);
-                   })
-                   .on('move.info-background', function() {
-                       selection.call(debouncedGetMetadata);
-                   });
+         photos.shouldFilterByPhotoType = function () {
+           return showsLayer('mapillary') || showsLayer('streetside') && showsLayer('openstreetcam');
+         };
 
-           };
+         photos.shouldFilterByUsername = function () {
+           return !showsLayer('mapillary') && showsLayer('openstreetcam') && !showsLayer('streetside');
+         };
 
-           panel.off = function() {
-               context.map()
-                   .on('drawn.info-background', null)
-                   .on('move.info-background', null);
-           };
+         photos.showsPhotoType = function (val) {
+           if (!photos.shouldFilterByPhotoType()) return true;
+           return _shownPhotoTypes.indexOf(val) !== -1;
+         };
 
-           panel.id = 'background';
-           panel.title = _t('info_panels.background.title');
-           panel.key = _t('info_panels.background.key');
+         photos.showsFlat = function () {
+           return photos.showsPhotoType('flat');
+         };
 
+         photos.showsPanoramic = function () {
+           return photos.showsPhotoType('panoramic');
+         };
 
-           return panel;
-       }
+         photos.fromDate = function () {
+           return _fromDate;
+         };
 
-       function uiPanelHistory(context) {
-           var osm;
+         photos.toDate = function () {
+           return _toDate;
+         };
 
-           function displayTimestamp(timestamp) {
-               if (!timestamp) return _t('info_panels.history.unknown');
-               var options = {
-                   day: 'numeric', month: 'short', year: 'numeric',
-                   hour: 'numeric', minute: 'numeric', second: 'numeric'
-               };
-               var d = new Date(timestamp);
-               if (isNaN(d.getTime())) return _t('info_panels.history.unknown');
-               return d.toLocaleString(_mainLocalizer.localeCode(), options);
-           }
+         photos.togglePhotoType = function (val) {
+           var index = _shownPhotoTypes.indexOf(val);
 
+           if (index !== -1) {
+             _shownPhotoTypes.splice(index, 1);
+           } else {
+             _shownPhotoTypes.push(val);
+           }
 
-           function displayUser(selection, userName) {
-               if (!userName) {
-                   selection
-                       .append('span')
-                       .text(_t('info_panels.history.unknown'));
-                   return;
-               }
+           dispatch.call('change', this);
+           return photos;
+         };
 
-               selection
-                   .append('span')
-                   .attr('class', 'user-name')
-                   .text(userName);
+         photos.usernames = function () {
+           return _usernames;
+         };
 
-               var links = selection
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'links');
+         photos.init = function () {
+           var hash = utilStringQs(window.location.hash);
 
-               if (osm) {
-                   links
-                       .append('a')
-                       .attr('class', 'user-osm-link')
-                       .attr('href', osm.userURL(userName))
-                       .attr('target', '_blank')
-                       .attr('tabindex', -1)
-                       .text('OSM');
-               }
-
-               links
-                   .append('a')
-                   .attr('class', 'user-hdyc-link')
-                   .attr('href', 'https://hdyc.neis-one.org/?' + userName)
-                   .attr('target', '_blank')
-                   .attr('tabindex', -1)
-                   .text('HDYC');
-           }
-
-
-           function displayChangeset(selection, changeset) {
-               if (!changeset) {
-                   selection
-                       .append('span')
-                       .text(_t('info_panels.history.unknown'));
-                   return;
-               }
+           if (hash.photo_dates) {
+             // expect format like `photo_dates=2019-01-01_2020-12-31`, but allow a couple different separators
+             var parts = /^(.*)[–_](.*)$/g.exec(hash.photo_dates.trim());
+             this.setDateFilter('fromDate', parts && parts.length >= 2 && parts[1], false);
+             this.setDateFilter('toDate', parts && parts.length >= 3 && parts[2], false);
+           }
 
-               selection
-                   .append('span')
-                   .attr('class', 'changeset-id')
-                   .text(changeset);
+           if (hash.photo_username) {
+             this.setUsernameFilter(hash.photo_username, false);
+           }
 
-               var links = selection
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'links');
+           if (hash.photo_overlay) {
+             // support enabling photo layers by default via a URL parameter, e.g. `photo_overlay=openstreetcam;mapillary;streetside`
+             var hashOverlayIDs = hash.photo_overlay.replace(/;/g, ',').split(',');
+             hashOverlayIDs.forEach(function (id) {
+               var layer = _layerIDs.indexOf(id) !== -1 && context.layers().layer(id);
+               if (layer && !layer.enabled()) layer.enabled(true);
+             });
+           }
 
-               if (osm) {
-                   links
-                       .append('a')
-                       .attr('class', 'changeset-osm-link')
-                       .attr('href', osm.changesetURL(changeset))
-                       .attr('target', '_blank')
-                       .attr('tabindex', -1)
-                       .text('OSM');
-               }
-
-               links
-                   .append('a')
-                   .attr('class', 'changeset-osmcha-link')
-                   .attr('href', 'https://osmcha.org/changesets/' + changeset)
-                   .attr('target', '_blank')
-                   .attr('tabindex', -1)
-                   .text('OSMCha');
-
-               links
-                   .append('a')
-                   .attr('class', 'changeset-achavi-link')
-                   .attr('href', 'https://overpass-api.de/achavi/?changeset=' + changeset)
-                   .attr('target', '_blank')
-                   .attr('tabindex', -1)
-                   .text('Achavi');
-           }
-
-
-           function redraw(selection) {
-               var selectedNoteID = context.selectedNoteID();
-               osm = context.connection();
-
-               var selected, note, entity;
-               if (selectedNoteID && osm) {       // selected 1 note
-                   selected = [ _t('note.note') + ' ' + selectedNoteID ];
-                   note = osm.getNote(selectedNoteID);
-               } else {                           // selected 1..n entities
-                   selected = context.selectedIDs()
-                       .filter(function(e) { return context.hasEntity(e); });
-                   if (selected.length) {
-                       entity = context.entity(selected[0]);
+           if (hash.photo) {
+             // support opening a photo via a URL parameter, e.g. `photo=mapillary-fztgSDtLpa08ohPZFZjeRQ`
+             var photoIds = hash.photo.replace(/;/g, ',').split(',');
+             var photoId = photoIds.length && photoIds[0].trim();
+             var results = /(.*)\/(.*)/g.exec(photoId);
+
+             if (results && results.length >= 3) {
+               var serviceId = results[1];
+               var photoKey = results[2];
+               var service = services[serviceId];
+
+               if (service && service.ensureViewerLoaded) {
+                 // if we're showing a photo then make sure its layer is enabled too
+                 var layer = _layerIDs.indexOf(serviceId) !== -1 && context.layers().layer(serviceId);
+                 if (layer && !layer.enabled()) layer.enabled(true);
+                 var baselineTime = Date.now();
+                 service.on('loadedImages.rendererPhotos', function () {
+                   // don't open the viewer if too much time has elapsed
+                   if (Date.now() - baselineTime > 45000) {
+                     service.on('loadedImages.rendererPhotos', null);
+                     return;
                    }
+
+                   if (!service.cachedImage(photoKey)) return;
+                   service.on('loadedImages.rendererPhotos', null);
+                   service.ensureViewerLoaded(context).then(function () {
+                     service.selectImage(context, photoKey).showViewer(context);
+                   });
+                 });
                }
+             }
+           }
 
-               var singular = selected.length === 1 ? selected[0] : null;
+           context.layers().on('change.rendererPhotos', updateStorage);
+         };
 
-               selection.html('');
+         return utilRebind(photos, dispatch, 'on');
+       }
 
-               selection
-                   .append('h4')
-                   .attr('class', 'history-heading')
-                   .text(singular || _t('info_panels.history.selected', { n: selected.length }));
+       function uiAccount(context) {
+         var osm = context.connection();
 
-               if (!singular) return;
+         function update(selection) {
+           if (!osm) return;
 
-               if (entity) {
-                   selection.call(redrawEntity, entity);
-               } else if (note) {
-                   selection.call(redrawNote, note);
-               }
+           if (!osm.authenticated()) {
+             selection.selectAll('.userLink, .logoutLink').classed('hide', true);
+             return;
            }
 
+           osm.userDetails(function (err, details) {
+             var userLink = selection.select('.userLink'),
+                 logoutLink = selection.select('.logoutLink');
+             userLink.html('');
+             logoutLink.html('');
+             if (err || !details) return;
+             selection.selectAll('.userLink, .logoutLink').classed('hide', false); // Link
 
-           function redrawNote(selection, note) {
-               if (!note || note.isNew()) {
-                   selection
-                       .append('div')
-                       .text(_t('info_panels.history.note_no_history'));
-                   return;
-               }
+             var userLinkA = userLink.append('a').attr('href', osm.userURL(details.display_name)).attr('target', '_blank'); // Add thumbnail or dont
 
-               var list = selection
-                   .append('ul');
+             if (details.image_url) {
+               userLinkA.append('img').attr('class', 'icon pre-text user-icon').attr('src', details.image_url);
+             } else {
+               userLinkA.call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-avatar', 'pre-text light'));
+             } // Add user name
 
-               list
-                   .append('li')
-                   .text(_t('info_panels.history.note_comments') + ':')
-                   .append('span')
-                   .text(note.comments.length);
 
-               if (note.comments.length) {
-                   list
-                       .append('li')
-                       .text(_t('info_panels.history.note_created_date') + ':')
-                       .append('span')
-                       .text(displayTimestamp(note.comments[0].date));
+             userLinkA.append('span').attr('class', 'label').html(details.display_name);
+             logoutLink.append('a').attr('class', 'logout').attr('href', '#').html(_t.html('logout')).on('click.logout', function (d3_event) {
+               d3_event.preventDefault();
+               osm.logout();
+             });
+           });
+         }
 
-                   list
-                       .append('li')
-                       .text(_t('info_panels.history.note_created_user') + ':')
-                       .call(displayUser, note.comments[0].user);
-               }
+         return function (selection) {
+           selection.append('li').attr('class', 'userLink').classed('hide', true);
+           selection.append('li').attr('class', 'logoutLink').classed('hide', true);
 
-               if (osm) {
-                   selection
-                       .append('a')
-                       .attr('class', 'view-history-on-osm')
-                       .attr('target', '_blank')
-                       .attr('tabindex', -1)
-                       .attr('href', osm.noteURL(note))
-                       .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-out-link', 'inline'))
-                       .append('span')
-                       .text(_t('info_panels.history.note_link_text'));
-               }
+           if (osm) {
+             osm.on('change.account', function () {
+               update(selection);
+             });
+             update(selection);
            }
+         };
+       }
 
+       function uiAttribution(context) {
+         var _selection = select(null);
 
-           function redrawEntity(selection, entity) {
-               if (!entity || entity.isNew()) {
-                   selection
-                       .append('div')
-                       .text(_t('info_panels.history.no_history'));
-                   return;
-               }
+         function render(selection, data, klass) {
+           var div = selection.selectAll(".".concat(klass)).data([0]);
+           div = div.enter().append('div').attr('class', klass).merge(div);
+           var attributions = div.selectAll('.attribution').data(data, function (d) {
+             return d.id;
+           });
+           attributions.exit().remove();
+           attributions = attributions.enter().append('span').attr('class', 'attribution').each(function (d, i, nodes) {
+             var attribution = select(nodes[i]);
 
-               var links = selection
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'links');
+             if (d.terms_html) {
+               attribution.html(d.terms_html);
+               return;
+             }
 
-               if (osm) {
-                   links
-                       .append('a')
-                       .attr('class', 'view-history-on-osm')
-                       .attr('href', osm.historyURL(entity))
-                       .attr('target', '_blank')
-                       .attr('tabindex', -1)
-                       .attr('title', _t('info_panels.history.link_text'))
-                       .text('OSM');
-               }
-               links
-                   .append('a')
-                   .attr('class', 'pewu-history-viewer-link')
-                   .attr('href', 'https://pewu.github.io/osm-history/#/' + entity.type + '/' + entity.osmId())
-                   .attr('target', '_blank')
-                   .attr('tabindex', -1)
-                   .text('PeWu');
-
-               var list = selection
-                   .append('ul');
-
-               list
-                   .append('li')
-                   .text(_t('info_panels.history.version') + ':')
-                   .append('span')
-                   .text(entity.version);
-
-               list
-                   .append('li')
-                   .text(_t('info_panels.history.last_edit') + ':')
-                   .append('span')
-                   .text(displayTimestamp(entity.timestamp));
-
-               list
-                   .append('li')
-                   .text(_t('info_panels.history.edited_by') + ':')
-                   .call(displayUser, entity.user);
-
-               list
-                   .append('li')
-                   .text(_t('info_panels.history.changeset') + ':')
-                   .call(displayChangeset, entity.changeset);
-           }
-
-
-           var panel = function(selection) {
-               selection.call(redraw);
+             if (d.terms_url) {
+               attribution = attribution.append('a').attr('href', d.terms_url).attr('target', '_blank');
+             }
 
-               context.map()
-                   .on('drawn.info-history', function() {
-                       selection.call(redraw);
-                   });
+             var sourceID = d.id.replace(/\./g, '<TX_DOT>');
+             var terms_text = _t("imagery.".concat(sourceID, ".attribution.text"), {
+               "default": d.terms_text || d.id || d.name()
+             });
 
-               context
-                   .on('enter.info-history', function() {
-                       selection.call(redraw);
-                   });
-           };
+             if (d.icon && !d.overlay) {
+               attribution.append('img').attr('class', 'source-image').attr('src', d.icon);
+             }
 
-           panel.off = function() {
-               context.map().on('drawn.info-history', null);
-               context.on('enter.info-history', null);
-           };
+             attribution.append('span').attr('class', 'attribution-text').html(terms_text);
+           }).merge(attributions);
+           var copyright = attributions.selectAll('.copyright-notice').data(function (d) {
+             var notice = d.copyrightNotices(context.map().zoom(), context.map().extent());
+             return notice ? [notice] : [];
+           });
+           copyright.exit().remove();
+           copyright = copyright.enter().append('span').attr('class', 'copyright-notice').merge(copyright);
+           copyright.html(String);
+         }
 
-           panel.id = 'history';
-           panel.title = _t('info_panels.history.title');
-           panel.key = _t('info_panels.history.key');
+         function update() {
+           var baselayer = context.background().baseLayerSource();
 
+           _selection.call(render, baselayer ? [baselayer] : [], 'base-layer-attribution');
 
-           return panel;
-       }
+           var z = context.map().zoom();
+           var overlays = context.background().overlayLayerSources() || [];
 
-       var OSM_PRECISION = 7;
+           _selection.call(render, overlays.filter(function (s) {
+             return s.validZoom(z);
+           }), 'overlay-layer-attribution');
+         }
 
-       /**
-        * Returns a localized representation of the given length measurement.
-        *
-        * @param {Number} m area in meters
-        * @param {Boolean} isImperial true for U.S. customary units; false for metric
-        */
-       function displayLength(m, isImperial) {
-           var d = m * (isImperial ? 3.28084 : 1);
-           var unit;
+         return function (selection) {
+           _selection = selection;
+           context.background().on('change.attribution', update);
+           context.map().on('move.attribution', throttle(update, 400, {
+             leading: false
+           }));
+           update();
+         };
+       }
 
-           if (isImperial) {
-               if (d >= 5280) {
-                   d /= 5280;
-                   unit = 'miles';
-               } else {
-                   unit = 'feet';
-               }
+       function uiContributors(context) {
+         var osm = context.connection(),
+             debouncedUpdate = debounce(function () {
+           update();
+         }, 1000),
+             limit = 4,
+             hidden = false,
+             wrap = select(null);
+
+         function update() {
+           if (!osm) return;
+           var users = {},
+               entities = context.history().intersects(context.map().extent());
+           entities.forEach(function (entity) {
+             if (entity && entity.user) users[entity.user] = true;
+           });
+           var u = Object.keys(users),
+               subset = u.slice(0, u.length > limit ? limit - 1 : limit);
+           wrap.html('').call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-nearby', 'pre-text light'));
+           var userList = select(document.createElement('span'));
+           userList.selectAll().data(subset).enter().append('a').attr('class', 'user-link').attr('href', function (d) {
+             return osm.userURL(d);
+           }).attr('target', '_blank').html(String);
+
+           if (u.length > limit) {
+             var count = select(document.createElement('span'));
+             var othersNum = u.length - limit + 1;
+             count.append('a').attr('target', '_blank').attr('href', function () {
+               return osm.changesetsURL(context.map().center(), context.map().zoom());
+             }).html(othersNum);
+             wrap.append('span').html(_t.html('contributors.truncated_list', {
+               n: othersNum,
+               users: userList.html(),
+               count: count.html()
+             }));
            } else {
-               if (d >= 1000) {
-                   d /= 1000;
-                   unit = 'kilometers';
-               } else {
-                   unit = 'meters';
-               }
+             wrap.append('span').html(_t.html('contributors.list', {
+               users: userList.html()
+             }));
            }
 
-           return _t('units.' + unit, {
-               quantity: d.toLocaleString(_mainLocalizer.localeCode(), {
-                   maximumSignificantDigits: 4
-               })
-           });
+           if (!u.length) {
+             hidden = true;
+             wrap.transition().style('opacity', 0);
+           } else if (hidden) {
+             wrap.transition().style('opacity', 1);
+           }
+         }
+
+         return function (selection) {
+           if (!osm) return;
+           wrap = selection;
+           update();
+           osm.on('loaded.contributors', debouncedUpdate);
+           context.map().on('move.contributors', debouncedUpdate);
+         };
        }
 
-       /**
-        * Returns a localized representation of the given area measurement.
-        *
-        * @param {Number} m2 area in square meters
-        * @param {Boolean} isImperial true for U.S. customary units; false for metric
-        */
-       function displayArea(m2, isImperial) {
-           var locale = _mainLocalizer.localeCode();
-           var d = m2 * (isImperial ? 10.7639111056 : 1);
-           var d1, d2, area;
-           var unit1 = '';
-           var unit2 = '';
+       var _popoverID = 0;
+       function uiPopover(klass) {
+         var _id = _popoverID++;
 
-           if (isImperial) {
-               if (d >= 6969600) { // > 0.25mi² show mi²
-                   d1 = d / 27878400;
-                   unit1 = 'square_miles';
-               } else {
-                   d1 = d;
-                   unit1 = 'square_feet';
-               }
+         var _anchorSelection = select(null);
 
-               if (d > 4356 && d < 43560000) { // 0.1 - 1000 acres
-                   d2 = d / 43560;
-                   unit2 = 'acres';
-               }
+         var popover = function popover(selection) {
+           _anchorSelection = selection;
+           selection.each(setup);
+         };
 
-           } else {
-               if (d >= 250000) { // > 0.25km² show km²
-                   d1 = d / 1000000;
-                   unit1 = 'square_kilometers';
-               } else {
-                   d1 = d;
-                   unit1 = 'square_meters';
-               }
+         var _animation = utilFunctor(false);
 
-               if (d > 1000 && d < 10000000) { // 0.1 - 1000 hectares
-                   d2 = d / 10000;
-                   unit2 = 'hectares';
-               }
-           }
+         var _placement = utilFunctor('top'); // top, bottom, left, right
 
-           area = _t('units.' + unit1, {
-               quantity: d1.toLocaleString(locale, {
-                   maximumSignificantDigits: 4
-               })
-           });
 
-           if (d2) {
-               return _t('units.area_pair', {
-                   area1: area,
-                   area2: _t('units.' + unit2, {
-                       quantity: d2.toLocaleString(locale, {
-                           maximumSignificantDigits: 2
-                       })
-                   })
-               });
-           } else {
-               return area;
-           }
-       }
+         var _alignment = utilFunctor('center'); // leading, center, trailing
 
-       function wrap(x, min, max) {
-           var d = max - min;
-           return ((x - min) % d + d) % d + min;
-       }
 
-       function clamp$1(x, min, max) {
-           return Math.max(min, Math.min(x, max));
-       }
+         var _scrollContainer = utilFunctor(select(null));
 
-       function displayCoordinate(deg, pos, neg) {
-           var locale = _mainLocalizer.localeCode();
-           var min = (Math.abs(deg) - Math.floor(Math.abs(deg))) * 60;
-           var sec = (min - Math.floor(min)) * 60;
-           var displayDegrees = _t('units.arcdegrees', {
-               quantity: Math.floor(Math.abs(deg)).toLocaleString(locale)
-           });
-           var displayCoordinate;
-
-           if (Math.floor(sec) > 0) {
-               displayCoordinate = displayDegrees +
-                   _t('units.arcminutes', {
-                       quantity: Math.floor(min).toLocaleString(locale)
-                   }) +
-                   _t('units.arcseconds', {
-                       quantity: Math.round(sec).toLocaleString(locale)
-                   });
-           } else if (Math.floor(min) > 0) {
-               displayCoordinate = displayDegrees +
-                   _t('units.arcminutes', {
-                       quantity: Math.round(min).toLocaleString(locale)
-                   });
+         var _content;
+
+         var _displayType = utilFunctor('');
+
+         var _hasArrow = utilFunctor(true); // use pointer events on supported platforms; fallback to mouse events
+
+
+         var _pointerPrefix = 'PointerEvent' in window ? 'pointer' : 'mouse';
+
+         popover.displayType = function (val) {
+           if (arguments.length) {
+             _displayType = utilFunctor(val);
+             return popover;
            } else {
-               displayCoordinate = _t('units.arcdegrees', {
-                   quantity: Math.round(Math.abs(deg)).toLocaleString(locale)
-               });
+             return _displayType;
            }
+         };
 
-           if (deg === 0) {
-               return displayCoordinate;
+         popover.hasArrow = function (val) {
+           if (arguments.length) {
+             _hasArrow = utilFunctor(val);
+             return popover;
            } else {
-               return _t('units.coordinate', {
-                   coordinate: displayCoordinate,
-                   direction: _t('units.' + (deg > 0 ? pos : neg))
-               });
+             return _hasArrow;
            }
-       }
-
-       /**
-        * Returns given coordinate pair in degree-minute-second format.
-        *
-        * @param {Array<Number>} coord longitude and latitude
-        */
-       function dmsCoordinatePair(coord) {
-           return _t('units.coordinate_pair', {
-               latitude: displayCoordinate(clamp$1(coord[1], -90, 90), 'north', 'south'),
-               longitude: displayCoordinate(wrap(coord[0], -180, 180), 'east', 'west')
-           });
-       }
-
-       /**
-        * Returns the given coordinate pair in decimal format.
-        * note: unlocalized to avoid comma ambiguity - see #4765
-        *
-        * @param {Array<Number>} coord longitude and latitude
-        */
-       function decimalCoordinatePair(coord) {
-           return _t('units.coordinate_pair', {
-               latitude: clamp$1(coord[1], -90, 90).toFixed(OSM_PRECISION),
-               longitude: wrap(coord[0], -180, 180).toFixed(OSM_PRECISION)
-           });
-       }
+         };
 
-       function uiPanelLocation(context) {
-           var currLocation = '';
+         popover.placement = function (val) {
+           if (arguments.length) {
+             _placement = utilFunctor(val);
+             return popover;
+           } else {
+             return _placement;
+           }
+         };
 
+         popover.alignment = function (val) {
+           if (arguments.length) {
+             _alignment = utilFunctor(val);
+             return popover;
+           } else {
+             return _alignment;
+           }
+         };
 
-           function redraw(selection) {
-               selection.html('');
+         popover.scrollContainer = function (val) {
+           if (arguments.length) {
+             _scrollContainer = utilFunctor(val);
+             return popover;
+           } else {
+             return _scrollContainer;
+           }
+         };
 
-               var list = selection
-                   .append('ul');
+         popover.content = function (val) {
+           if (arguments.length) {
+             _content = val;
+             return popover;
+           } else {
+             return _content;
+           }
+         };
 
-               // Mouse coordinates
-               var coord = context.map().mouseCoordinates();
-               if (coord.some(isNaN)) {
-                   coord = context.map().center();
-               }
+         popover.isShown = function () {
+           var popoverSelection = _anchorSelection.select('.popover-' + _id);
 
-               list
-                   .append('li')
-                   .text(dmsCoordinatePair(coord))
-                   .append('li')
-                   .text(decimalCoordinatePair(coord));
+           return !popoverSelection.empty() && popoverSelection.classed('in');
+         };
 
-               // Location Info
-               selection
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'location-info')
-                   .text(currLocation || ' ');
+         popover.show = function () {
+           _anchorSelection.each(show);
+         };
 
-               debouncedGetLocation(selection, coord);
-           }
+         popover.updateContent = function () {
+           _anchorSelection.each(updateContent);
+         };
 
+         popover.hide = function () {
+           _anchorSelection.each(hide);
+         };
 
-           var debouncedGetLocation = debounce(getLocation, 250);
-           function getLocation(selection, coord) {
-               if (!services.geocoder) {
-                   currLocation = _t('info_panels.location.unknown_location');
-                   selection.selectAll('.location-info')
-                       .text(currLocation);
-               } else {
-                   services.geocoder.reverse(coord, function(err, result) {
-                       currLocation = result ? result.display_name : _t('info_panels.location.unknown_location');
-                       selection.selectAll('.location-info')
-                           .text(currLocation);
-                   });
-               }
-           }
+         popover.toggle = function () {
+           _anchorSelection.each(toggle);
+         };
 
+         popover.destroy = function (selection, selector) {
+           // by default, just destroy the current popover
+           selector = selector || '.popover-' + _id;
+           selection.on(_pointerPrefix + 'enter.popover', null).on(_pointerPrefix + 'leave.popover', null).on(_pointerPrefix + 'up.popover', null).on(_pointerPrefix + 'down.popover', null).on('click.popover', null).attr('title', function () {
+             return this.getAttribute('data-original-title') || this.getAttribute('title');
+           }).attr('data-original-title', null).selectAll(selector).remove();
+         };
 
-           var panel = function(selection) {
-               selection.call(redraw);
+         popover.destroyAny = function (selection) {
+           selection.call(popover.destroy, '.popover');
+         };
 
-               context.surface()
-                   .on(('PointerEvent' in window ? 'pointer' : 'mouse') + 'move.info-location', function() {
-                       selection.call(redraw);
-                   });
-           };
+         function setup() {
+           var anchor = select(this);
 
-           panel.off = function() {
-               context.surface()
-                   .on('.info-location', null);
-           };
+           var animate = _animation.apply(this, arguments);
 
-           panel.id = 'location';
-           panel.title = _t('info_panels.location.title');
-           panel.key = _t('info_panels.location.key');
+           var popoverSelection = anchor.selectAll('.popover-' + _id).data([0]);
+           var enter = popoverSelection.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'popover popover-' + _id + ' ' + (klass ? klass : '')).classed('arrowed', _hasArrow.apply(this, arguments));
+           enter.append('div').attr('class', 'popover-arrow');
+           enter.append('div').attr('class', 'popover-inner');
+           popoverSelection = enter.merge(popoverSelection);
 
+           if (animate) {
+             popoverSelection.classed('fade', true);
+           }
 
-           return panel;
-       }
+           var display = _displayType.apply(this, arguments);
 
-       function uiPanelMeasurement(context) {
-           var locale = _mainLocalizer.localeCode();
-           var isImperial = !_mainLocalizer.usesMetric();
+           if (display === 'hover') {
+             var _lastNonMouseEnterTime;
 
+             anchor.on(_pointerPrefix + 'enter.popover', function (d3_event) {
+               if (d3_event.pointerType) {
+                 if (d3_event.pointerType !== 'mouse') {
+                   _lastNonMouseEnterTime = d3_event.timeStamp; // only allow hover behavior for mouse input
 
-           function radiansToMeters(r) {
-               // using WGS84 authalic radius (6371007.1809 m)
-               return r * 6371007.1809;
+                   return;
+                 } else if (_lastNonMouseEnterTime && d3_event.timeStamp - _lastNonMouseEnterTime < 1500) {
+                   // HACK: iOS 13.4 sends an erroneous `mouse` type pointerenter
+                   // event for non-mouse interactions right after sending
+                   // the correct type pointerenter event. Workaround by discarding
+                   // any mouse event that occurs immediately after a non-mouse event.
+                   return;
+                 }
+               } // don't show if buttons are pressed, e.g. during click and drag of map
+
+
+               if (d3_event.buttons !== 0) return;
+               show.apply(this, arguments);
+             }).on(_pointerPrefix + 'leave.popover', function () {
+               hide.apply(this, arguments);
+             }) // show on focus too for better keyboard navigation support
+             .on('focus.popover', function () {
+               show.apply(this, arguments);
+             }).on('blur.popover', function () {
+               hide.apply(this, arguments);
+             });
+           } else if (display === 'clickFocus') {
+             anchor.on(_pointerPrefix + 'down.popover', function (d3_event) {
+               d3_event.preventDefault();
+               d3_event.stopPropagation();
+             }).on(_pointerPrefix + 'up.popover', function (d3_event) {
+               d3_event.preventDefault();
+               d3_event.stopPropagation();
+             }).on('click.popover', toggle);
+             popoverSelection // This attribute lets the popover take focus
+             .attr('tabindex', 0).on('blur.popover', function () {
+               anchor.each(function () {
+                 hide.apply(this, arguments);
+               });
+             });
            }
+         }
+
+         function show() {
+           var anchor = select(this);
+           var popoverSelection = anchor.selectAll('.popover-' + _id);
 
-           function steradiansToSqmeters(r) {
-               // http://gis.stackexchange.com/a/124857/40446
-               return r / (4 * Math.PI) * 510065621724000;
+           if (popoverSelection.empty()) {
+             // popover was removed somehow, put it back
+             anchor.call(popover.destroy);
+             anchor.each(setup);
+             popoverSelection = anchor.selectAll('.popover-' + _id);
            }
 
+           popoverSelection.classed('in', true);
 
-           function toLineString(feature) {
-               if (feature.type === 'LineString') return feature;
+           var displayType = _displayType.apply(this, arguments);
 
-               var result = { type: 'LineString', coordinates: [] };
-               if (feature.type === 'Polygon') {
-                   result.coordinates = feature.coordinates[0];
-               } else if (feature.type === 'MultiPolygon') {
-                   result.coordinates = feature.coordinates[0][0];
-               }
+           if (displayType === 'clickFocus') {
+             anchor.classed('active', true);
+             popoverSelection.node().focus();
+           }
 
-               return result;
+           anchor.each(updateContent);
+         }
+
+         function updateContent() {
+           var anchor = select(this);
+
+           if (_content) {
+             anchor.selectAll('.popover-' + _id + ' > .popover-inner').call(_content.apply(this, arguments));
            }
 
+           updatePosition.apply(this, arguments); // hack: update multiple times to fix instances where the absolute offset is
+           // set before the dynamic popover size is calculated by the browser
 
-           function redraw(selection) {
-               var graph = context.graph();
-               var selectedNoteID = context.selectedNoteID();
-               var osm = services.osm;
+           updatePosition.apply(this, arguments);
+           updatePosition.apply(this, arguments);
+         }
 
-               var heading;
-               var center, location, centroid;
-               var closed, geometry;
-               var totalNodeCount, length = 0, area = 0;
+         function updatePosition() {
+           var anchor = select(this);
+           var popoverSelection = anchor.selectAll('.popover-' + _id);
 
-               if (selectedNoteID && osm) {       // selected 1 note
+           var scrollContainer = _scrollContainer && _scrollContainer.apply(this, arguments);
 
-                   var note = osm.getNote(selectedNoteID);
-                   heading = _t('note.note') + ' ' + selectedNoteID;
-                   location = note.loc;
-                   geometry = 'note';
+           var scrollNode = scrollContainer && !scrollContainer.empty() && scrollContainer.node();
+           var scrollLeft = scrollNode ? scrollNode.scrollLeft : 0;
+           var scrollTop = scrollNode ? scrollNode.scrollTop : 0;
 
-               } else {                           // selected 1..n entities
-                   var selectedIDs = context.selectedIDs().filter(function(id) {
-                       return context.hasEntity(id);
-                   });
-                   var selected = selectedIDs.map(function(id) {
-                       return context.entity(id);
-                   });
+           var placement = _placement.apply(this, arguments);
 
-                   heading = selected.length === 1 ? selected[0].id :
-                       _t('info_panels.measurement.selected', { n: selected.length.toLocaleString(locale) });
-
-                   if (selected.length) {
-                       var extent = geoExtent();
-                       for (var i in selected) {
-                           var entity = selected[i];
-                           extent._extend(entity.extent(graph));
-
-                           geometry = entity.geometry(graph);
-                           if (geometry === 'line' || geometry === 'area') {
-                               closed = (entity.type === 'relation') || (entity.isClosed() && !entity.isDegenerate());
-                               var feature = entity.asGeoJSON(graph);
-                               length += radiansToMeters(d3_geoLength(toLineString(feature)));
-                               centroid = d3_geoCentroid(feature);
-                               if (closed) {
-                                   area += steradiansToSqmeters(entity.area(graph));
-                               }
-                           }
-                       }
+           popoverSelection.classed('left', false).classed('right', false).classed('top', false).classed('bottom', false).classed(placement, true);
 
-                       if (selected.length > 1) {
-                           geometry = null;
-                           closed = null;
-                           centroid = null;
-                       }
+           var alignment = _alignment.apply(this, arguments);
 
-                       if (selected.length === 1 && selected[0].type === 'node') {
-                           location = selected[0].loc;
-                       } else {
-                           totalNodeCount = utilGetAllNodes(selectedIDs, context.graph()).length;
-                       }
+           var alignFactor = 0.5;
 
-                       if (!location && !centroid) {
-                           center = extent.center();
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
+           if (alignment === 'leading') {
+             alignFactor = 0;
+           } else if (alignment === 'trailing') {
+             alignFactor = 1;
+           }
 
-               selection.html('');
+           var anchorFrame = getFrame(anchor.node());
+           var popoverFrame = getFrame(popoverSelection.node());
+           var position;
 
-               if (heading) {
-                   selection
-                       .append('h4')
-                       .attr('class', 'measurement-heading')
-                       .text(heading);
-               }
+           switch (placement) {
+             case 'top':
+               position = {
+                 x: anchorFrame.x + (anchorFrame.w - popoverFrame.w) * alignFactor,
+                 y: anchorFrame.y - popoverFrame.h
+               };
+               break;
 
-               var list = selection
-                   .append('ul');
-               var coordItem;
+             case 'bottom':
+               position = {
+                 x: anchorFrame.x + (anchorFrame.w - popoverFrame.w) * alignFactor,
+                 y: anchorFrame.y + anchorFrame.h
+               };
+               break;
 
-               if (geometry) {
-                   list
-                       .append('li')
-                       .text(_t('info_panels.measurement.geometry') + ':')
-                       .append('span')
-                       .text(
-                           closed ? _t('info_panels.measurement.closed_' + geometry) : _t('geometry.' + geometry)
-                       );
-               }
+             case 'left':
+               position = {
+                 x: anchorFrame.x - popoverFrame.w,
+                 y: anchorFrame.y + (anchorFrame.h - popoverFrame.h) * alignFactor
+               };
+               break;
 
-               if (totalNodeCount) {
-                   list
-                       .append('li')
-                       .text(_t('info_panels.measurement.node_count') + ':')
-                       .append('span')
-                       .text(totalNodeCount.toLocaleString(locale));
-               }
-
-               if (area) {
-                   list
-                       .append('li')
-                       .text(_t('info_panels.measurement.area') + ':')
-                       .append('span')
-                       .text(displayArea(area, isImperial));
-               }
-
-               if (length) {
-                   var lengthLabel = _t('info_panels.measurement.' + (closed ? 'perimeter' : 'length'));
-                   list
-                       .append('li')
-                       .text(lengthLabel + ':')
-                       .append('span')
-                       .text(displayLength(length, isImperial));
-               }
-
-               if (location) {
-                   coordItem = list
-                       .append('li')
-                       .text(_t('info_panels.measurement.location') + ':');
-                   coordItem.append('span')
-                       .text(dmsCoordinatePair(location));
-                   coordItem.append('span')
-                       .text(decimalCoordinatePair(location));
-               }
-
-               if (centroid) {
-                   coordItem = list
-                       .append('li')
-                       .text(_t('info_panels.measurement.centroid') + ':');
-                   coordItem.append('span')
-                       .text(dmsCoordinatePair(centroid));
-                   coordItem.append('span')
-                       .text(decimalCoordinatePair(centroid));
-               }
-
-               if (center) {
-                   coordItem = list
-                       .append('li')
-                       .text(_t('info_panels.measurement.center') + ':');
-                   coordItem.append('span')
-                       .text(dmsCoordinatePair(center));
-                   coordItem.append('span')
-                       .text(decimalCoordinatePair(center));
-               }
-
-               if (length || area) {
-                   var toggle  = isImperial ? 'imperial' : 'metric';
-                   selection
-                       .append('a')
-                       .text(_t('info_panels.measurement.' + toggle))
-                       .attr('href', '#')
-                       .attr('class', 'button button-toggle-units')
-                       .on('click', function() {
-                           event.preventDefault();
-                           isImperial = !isImperial;
-                           selection.call(redraw);
-                       });
-               }
+             case 'right':
+               position = {
+                 x: anchorFrame.x + anchorFrame.w,
+                 y: anchorFrame.y + (anchorFrame.h - popoverFrame.h) * alignFactor
+               };
+               break;
            }
 
+           if (position) {
+             if (scrollNode && (placement === 'top' || placement === 'bottom')) {
+               var initialPosX = position.x;
 
-           var panel = function(selection) {
-               selection.call(redraw);
-
-               context.map()
-                   .on('drawn.info-measurement', function() {
-                       selection.call(redraw);
-                   });
+               if (position.x + popoverFrame.w > scrollNode.offsetWidth - 10) {
+                 position.x = scrollNode.offsetWidth - 10 - popoverFrame.w;
+               } else if (position.x < 10) {
+                 position.x = 10;
+               }
 
-               context
-                   .on('enter.info-measurement', function() {
-                       selection.call(redraw);
-                   });
-           };
+               var arrow = anchor.selectAll('.popover-' + _id + ' > .popover-arrow'); // keep the arrow centered on the button, or as close as possible
 
-           panel.off = function() {
-               context.map().on('drawn.info-measurement', null);
-               context.on('enter.info-measurement', null);
-           };
+               var arrowPosX = Math.min(Math.max(popoverFrame.w / 2 - (position.x - initialPosX), 10), popoverFrame.w - 10);
+               arrow.style('left', ~~arrowPosX + 'px');
+             }
 
-           panel.id = 'measurement';
-           panel.title = _t('info_panels.measurement.title');
-           panel.key = _t('info_panels.measurement.key');
+             popoverSelection.style('left', ~~position.x + 'px').style('top', ~~position.y + 'px');
+           } else {
+             popoverSelection.style('left', null).style('top', null);
+           }
 
+           function getFrame(node) {
+             var positionStyle = select(node).style('position');
 
-           return panel;
-       }
+             if (positionStyle === 'absolute' || positionStyle === 'static') {
+               return {
+                 x: node.offsetLeft - scrollLeft,
+                 y: node.offsetTop - scrollTop,
+                 w: node.offsetWidth,
+                 h: node.offsetHeight
+               };
+             } else {
+               return {
+                 x: 0,
+                 y: 0,
+                 w: node.offsetWidth,
+                 h: node.offsetHeight
+               };
+             }
+           }
+         }
 
-       var uiInfoPanels = {
-           background: uiPanelBackground,
-           history: uiPanelHistory,
-           location: uiPanelLocation,
-           measurement: uiPanelMeasurement,
-       };
+         function hide() {
+           var anchor = select(this);
 
-       function uiInfo(context) {
-           var ids = Object.keys(uiInfoPanels);
-           var wasActive = ['measurement'];
-           var panels = {};
-           var active = {};
-
-           // create panels
-           ids.forEach(function(k) {
-               if (!panels[k]) {
-                   panels[k] = uiInfoPanels[k](context);
-                   active[k] = false;
-               }
-           });
+           if (_displayType.apply(this, arguments) === 'clickFocus') {
+             anchor.classed('active', false);
+           }
 
+           anchor.selectAll('.popover-' + _id).classed('in', false);
+         }
 
-           function info(selection) {
+         function toggle() {
+           if (select(this).select('.popover-' + _id).classed('in')) {
+             hide.apply(this, arguments);
+           } else {
+             show.apply(this, arguments);
+           }
+         }
 
-               function redraw() {
-                   var activeids = ids.filter(function(k) { return active[k]; }).sort();
+         return popover;
+       }
 
-                   var containers = infoPanels.selectAll('.panel-container')
-                       .data(activeids, function(k) { return k; });
+       function uiTooltip(klass) {
+         var tooltip = uiPopover((klass || '') + ' tooltip').displayType('hover');
 
-                   containers.exit()
-                       .style('opacity', 1)
-                       .transition()
-                       .duration(200)
-                       .style('opacity', 0)
-                       .on('end', function(d) {
-                           select(this)
-                               .call(panels[d].off)
-                               .remove();
-                       });
+         var _title = function _title() {
+           var title = this.getAttribute('data-original-title');
 
-                   var enter = containers.enter()
-                       .append('div')
-                       .attr('class', function(d) { return 'fillD2 panel-container panel-container-' + d; });
+           if (title) {
+             return title;
+           } else {
+             title = this.getAttribute('title');
+             this.removeAttribute('title');
+             this.setAttribute('data-original-title', title);
+           }
 
-                   enter
-                       .style('opacity', 0)
-                       .transition()
-                       .duration(200)
-                       .style('opacity', 1);
+           return title;
+         };
 
-                   var title = enter
-                       .append('div')
-                       .attr('class', 'panel-title fillD2');
+         var _heading = utilFunctor(null);
 
-                   title
-                       .append('h3')
-                       .text(function(d) { return panels[d].title; });
+         var _keys = utilFunctor(null);
 
-                   title
-                       .append('button')
-                       .attr('class', 'close')
-                       .on('click', function (d) { info.toggle(d); })
-                       .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-close'));
+         tooltip.title = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _title;
+           _title = utilFunctor(val);
+           return tooltip;
+         };
 
-                   enter
-                       .append('div')
-                       .attr('class', function(d) { return 'panel-content panel-content-' + d; });
+         tooltip.heading = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _heading;
+           _heading = utilFunctor(val);
+           return tooltip;
+         };
 
+         tooltip.keys = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _keys;
+           _keys = utilFunctor(val);
+           return tooltip;
+         };
 
-                   // redraw the panels
-                   infoPanels.selectAll('.panel-content')
-                       .each(function(d) {
-                           select(this).call(panels[d]);
-                       });
-               }
+         tooltip.content(function () {
+           var heading = _heading.apply(this, arguments);
 
+           var text = _title.apply(this, arguments);
 
-               info.toggle = function(which) {
-                   if (event) {
-                       event.stopImmediatePropagation();
-                       event.preventDefault();
-                   }
+           var keys = _keys.apply(this, arguments);
 
-                   var activeids = ids.filter(function(k) { return active[k]; });
+           return function (selection) {
+             var headingSelect = selection.selectAll('.tooltip-heading').data(heading ? [heading] : []);
+             headingSelect.exit().remove();
+             headingSelect.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'tooltip-heading').merge(headingSelect).html(heading);
+             var textSelect = selection.selectAll('.tooltip-text').data(text ? [text] : []);
+             textSelect.exit().remove();
+             textSelect.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'tooltip-text').merge(textSelect).html(text);
+             var keyhintWrap = selection.selectAll('.keyhint-wrap').data(keys && keys.length ? [0] : []);
+             keyhintWrap.exit().remove();
+             var keyhintWrapEnter = keyhintWrap.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'keyhint-wrap');
+             keyhintWrapEnter.append('span').html(_t.html('tooltip_keyhint'));
+             keyhintWrap = keyhintWrapEnter.merge(keyhintWrap);
+             keyhintWrap.selectAll('kbd.shortcut').data(keys && keys.length ? keys : []).enter().append('kbd').attr('class', 'shortcut').html(function (d) {
+               return d;
+             });
+           };
+         });
+         return tooltip;
+       }
 
-                   if (which) {  // toggle one
-                       active[which] = !active[which];
-                       if (activeids.length === 1 && activeids[0] === which) {  // none active anymore
-                           wasActive = [which];
-                       }
+       function uiEditMenu(context) {
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('toggled');
 
-                       context.container().select('.' + which + '-panel-toggle-item')
-                           .classed('active', active[which])
-                           .select('input')
-                           .property('checked', active[which]);
+         var _menu = select(null);
 
-                   } else {      // toggle all
-                       if (activeids.length) {
-                           wasActive = activeids;
-                           activeids.forEach(function(k) { active[k] = false; });
-                       } else {
-                           wasActive.forEach(function(k) { active[k] = true; });
-                       }
-                   }
+         var _operations = []; // the position the menu should be displayed relative to
 
-                   redraw();
-               };
+         var _anchorLoc = [0, 0];
+         var _anchorLocLonLat = [0, 0]; // a string indicating how the menu was opened
 
+         var _triggerType = '';
+         var _vpTopMargin = 85; // viewport top margin
 
-               var infoPanels = selection.selectAll('.info-panels')
-                   .data([0]);
+         var _vpBottomMargin = 45; // viewport bottom margin
 
-               infoPanels = infoPanels.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'info-panels')
-                   .merge(infoPanels);
+         var _vpSideMargin = 35; // viewport side margin
 
-               redraw();
+         var _menuTop = false;
 
-               context.keybinding()
-                   .on(uiCmd('⌘' + _t('info_panels.key')), info.toggle);
+         var _menuHeight;
 
-               ids.forEach(function(k) {
-                   var key = _t('info_panels.' + k + '.key', { default: null });
-                   if (!key) return;
-                   context.keybinding()
-                       .on(uiCmd('⌘⇧' + key), function() { info.toggle(k); });
-               });
-           }
+         var _menuWidth; // hardcode these values to make menu positioning easier
 
-           return info;
-       }
 
-       function pointBox(loc, context) {
-           var rect = context.surfaceRect();
-           var point = context.curtainProjection(loc);
-           return {
-               left: point[0] + rect.left - 40,
-               top: point[1] + rect.top - 60,
-               width: 80,
-               height: 90
-           };
-       }
+         var _verticalPadding = 4; // see also `.edit-menu .tooltip` CSS; include margin
 
+         var _tooltipWidth = 210; // offset the menu slightly from the target location
 
-       function pad(locOrBox, padding, context) {
-           var box;
-           if (locOrBox instanceof Array) {
-               var rect = context.surfaceRect();
-               var point = context.curtainProjection(locOrBox);
-               box = {
-                   left: point[0] + rect.left,
-                   top: point[1] + rect.top
-               };
-           } else {
-               box = locOrBox;
-           }
+         var _menuSideMargin = 10;
+         var _tooltips = [];
 
-           return {
-               left: box.left - padding,
-               top: box.top - padding,
-               width: (box.width || 0) + 2 * padding,
-               height: (box.width || 0) + 2 * padding
-           };
-       }
+         var editMenu = function editMenu(selection) {
+           var isTouchMenu = _triggerType.includes('touch') || _triggerType.includes('pen');
 
+           var ops = _operations.filter(function (op) {
+             return !isTouchMenu || !op.mouseOnly;
+           });
 
-       function icon(name, svgklass, useklass) {
-           return '<svg class="icon ' + (svgklass || '') + '">' +
-                '<use xlink:href="' + name + '"' +
-                (useklass ? ' class="' + useklass + '"' : '') + '></use></svg>';
-       }
+           if (!ops.length) return;
+           _tooltips = []; // Position the menu above the anchor for stylus and finger input
+           // since the mapper's hand likely obscures the screen below the anchor
 
-       var helpStringReplacements;
+           _menuTop = isTouchMenu; // Show labels for touch input since there aren't hover tooltips
 
-       // Returns the localized string for `id` with a standardized set of icon, key, and
-       // label replacements suitable for tutorials and documentation. Optionally supplemented
-       // with custom `replacements`
-       function helpString(id, replacements) {
-           // only load these the first time
-           if (!helpStringReplacements) helpStringReplacements = {
-               // insert icons corresponding to various UI elements
-               point_icon: icon('#iD-icon-point', 'pre-text'),
-               line_icon: icon('#iD-icon-line', 'pre-text'),
-               area_icon: icon('#iD-icon-area', 'pre-text'),
-               note_icon: icon('#iD-icon-note', 'pre-text add-note'),
-               plus: icon('#iD-icon-plus', 'pre-text'),
-               minus: icon('#iD-icon-minus', 'pre-text'),
-               move_icon: icon('#iD-operation-move', 'pre-text operation'),
-               merge_icon: icon('#iD-operation-merge', 'pre-text operation'),
-               delete_icon: icon('#iD-operation-delete', 'pre-text operation'),
-               circularize_icon: icon('#iD-operation-circularize', 'pre-text operation'),
-               split_icon: icon('#iD-operation-split', 'pre-text operation'),
-               orthogonalize_icon: icon('#iD-operation-orthogonalize', 'pre-text operation'),
-               disconnect_icon: icon('#iD-operation-disconnect', 'pre-text operation'),
-               layers_icon: icon('#iD-icon-layers', 'pre-text'),
-               data_icon: icon('#iD-icon-data', 'pre-text'),
-               inspect: icon('#iD-icon-inspect', 'pre-text'),
-               help_icon: icon('#iD-icon-help', 'pre-text'),
-               undo_icon: icon(_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl' ? '#iD-icon-redo' : '#iD-icon-undo', 'pre-text'),
-               redo_icon: icon(_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl' ? '#iD-icon-undo' : '#iD-icon-redo', 'pre-text'),
-               save_icon: icon('#iD-icon-save', 'pre-text'),
-               leftclick: icon('#iD-walkthrough-mouse-left', 'pre-text operation'),
-               rightclick: icon('#iD-walkthrough-mouse-right', 'pre-text operation'),
-               mousewheel_icon: icon('#iD-walkthrough-mousewheel', 'pre-text operation'),
-               tap_icon: icon('#iD-walkthrough-tap', 'pre-text operation'),
-               doubletap_icon: icon('#iD-walkthrough-doubletap', 'pre-text operation'),
-               longpress_icon: icon('#iD-walkthrough-longpress', 'pre-text operation'),
-               touchdrag_icon: icon('#iD-walkthrough-touchdrag', 'pre-text operation'),
-               pinch_icon: icon('#iD-walkthrough-pinch-apart', 'pre-text operation'),
-
-               // insert keys; may be localized and platform-dependent
-               shift: uiCmd.display('⇧'),
-               alt: uiCmd.display('⌥'),
-               return: uiCmd.display('↵'),
-               esc: _t('shortcuts.key.esc'),
-               space: _t('shortcuts.key.space'),
-               add_note_key: _t('modes.add_note.key'),
-               help_key: _t('help.key'),
-               shortcuts_key: _t('shortcuts.toggle.key'),
-
-               // reference localized UI labels directly so that they'll always match
-               save: _t('save.title'),
-               undo: _t('undo.title'),
-               redo: _t('redo.title'),
-               upload: _t('commit.save'),
-               point: _t('modes.add_point.title'),
-               line: _t('modes.add_line.title'),
-               area: _t('modes.add_area.title'),
-               note: _t('modes.add_note.title'),
-               delete: _t('operations.delete.title'),
-               move: _t('operations.move.title'),
-               orthogonalize: _t('operations.orthogonalize.title'),
-               circularize: _t('operations.circularize.title'),
-               merge: _t('operations.merge.title'),
-               disconnect: _t('operations.disconnect.title'),
-               split: _t('operations.split.title'),
-               map_data: _t('map_data.title'),
-               osm_notes: _t('map_data.layers.notes.title'),
-               fields: _t('inspector.fields'),
-               tags: _t('inspector.tags'),
-               relations: _t('inspector.relations'),
-               new_relation: _t('inspector.new_relation'),
-               turn_restrictions: _t('presets.fields.restrictions.label'),
-               background_settings: _t('background.description'),
-               imagery_offset: _t('background.fix_misalignment'),
-               start_the_walkthrough: _t('splash.walkthrough'),
-               help: _t('help.title'),
-               ok: _t('intro.ok')
-           };
+           var showLabels = isTouchMenu;
+           var buttonHeight = showLabels ? 32 : 34;
 
-           var reps;
-           if (replacements) {
-               reps = Object.assign(replacements, helpStringReplacements);
+           if (showLabels) {
+             // Get a general idea of the width based on the length of the label
+             _menuWidth = 52 + Math.min(120, 6 * Math.max.apply(Math, ops.map(function (op) {
+               return op.title.length;
+             })));
            } else {
-               reps = helpStringReplacements;
+             _menuWidth = 44;
            }
 
-           return _t(id, reps)
-                // use keyboard key styling for shortcuts
-               .replace(/\`(.*?)\`/g, '<kbd>$1</kbd>');
-       }
+           _menuHeight = _verticalPadding * 2 + ops.length * buttonHeight;
+           _menu = selection.append('div').attr('class', 'edit-menu').classed('touch-menu', isTouchMenu).style('padding', _verticalPadding + 'px 0');
 
+           var buttons = _menu.selectAll('.edit-menu-item').data(ops); // enter
 
-       function slugify(text) {
-           return text.toString().toLowerCase()
-               .replace(/\s+/g, '-')           // Replace spaces with -
-               .replace(/[^\w\-]+/g, '')       // Remove all non-word chars
-               .replace(/\-\-+/g, '-')         // Replace multiple - with single -
-               .replace(/^-+/, '')             // Trim - from start of text
-               .replace(/-+$/, '');            // Trim - from end of text
-       }
 
+           var buttonsEnter = buttons.enter().append('button').attr('class', function (d) {
+             return 'edit-menu-item edit-menu-item-' + d.id;
+           }).style('height', buttonHeight + 'px').on('click', click) // don't listen for `mouseup` because we only care about non-mouse pointer types
+           .on('pointerup', pointerup).on('pointerdown mousedown', function pointerdown(d3_event) {
+             // don't let button presses also act as map input - #1869
+             d3_event.stopPropagation();
+           }).on('mouseenter.highlight', function (d3_event, d) {
+             if (!d.relatedEntityIds || select(this).classed('disabled')) return;
+             utilHighlightEntities(d.relatedEntityIds(), true, context);
+           }).on('mouseleave.highlight', function (d3_event, d) {
+             if (!d.relatedEntityIds) return;
+             utilHighlightEntities(d.relatedEntityIds(), false, context);
+           });
+           buttonsEnter.each(function (d) {
+             var tooltip = uiTooltip().heading(d.title).title(d.tooltip()).keys([d.keys[0]]);
 
-       // console warning for missing walkthrough names
-       var missingStrings = {};
-       function checkKey(key, text) {
-           if (_t(key, { default: undefined}) === undefined) {
-               if (missingStrings.hasOwnProperty(key)) return;  // warn once
-               missingStrings[key] = text;
-               var missing = key + ': ' + text;
-               if (typeof console !== 'undefined') console.log(missing); // eslint-disable-line
-           }
-       }
+             _tooltips.push(tooltip);
 
+             select(this).call(tooltip).append('div').attr('class', 'icon-wrap').call(svgIcon('#iD-operation-' + d.id, 'operation'));
+           });
 
-       function localize(obj) {
-           var key;
+           if (showLabels) {
+             buttonsEnter.append('span').attr('class', 'label').html(function (d) {
+               return d.title;
+             });
+           } // update
 
-           // Assign name if entity has one..
-           var name = obj.tags && obj.tags.name;
-           if (name) {
-               key = 'intro.graph.name.' + slugify(name);
-               obj.tags.name = _t(key, { default: name });
-               checkKey(key, name);
-           }
-
-           // Assign street name if entity has one..
-           var street = obj.tags && obj.tags['addr:street'];
-           if (street) {
-               key = 'intro.graph.name.' + slugify(street);
-               obj.tags['addr:street'] = _t(key, { default: street });
-               checkKey(key, street);
-
-               // Add address details common across walkthrough..
-               var addrTags = [
-                   'block_number', 'city', 'county', 'district', 'hamlet', 'neighbourhood',
-                   'postcode', 'province', 'quarter', 'state', 'subdistrict', 'suburb'
-               ];
-               addrTags.forEach(function(k) {
-                   var key = 'intro.graph.' + k;
-                   var tag = 'addr:' + k;
-                   var val = obj.tags && obj.tags[tag];
-                   var str = _t(key, { default: val });
-
-                   if (str) {
-                       if (str.match(/^<.*>$/) !== null) {
-                           delete obj.tags[tag];
-                       } else {
-                           obj.tags[tag] = str;
-                       }
-                   }
-               });
-           }
 
-           return obj;
-       }
+           buttonsEnter.merge(buttons).classed('disabled', function (d) {
+             return d.disabled();
+           });
+           updatePosition();
+           var initialScale = context.projection.scale();
+           context.map().on('move.edit-menu', function () {
+             if (initialScale !== context.projection.scale()) {
+               editMenu.close();
+             }
+           }).on('drawn.edit-menu', function (info) {
+             if (info.full) updatePosition();
+           });
+           var lastPointerUpType; // `pointerup` is always called before `click`
 
+           function pointerup(d3_event) {
+             lastPointerUpType = d3_event.pointerType;
+           }
 
-       // Used to detect squareness.. some duplicataion of code from actionOrthogonalize.
-       function isMostlySquare(points) {
-           // note: uses 15 here instead of the 12 from actionOrthogonalize because
-           // actionOrthogonalize can actually straighten some larger angles as it iterates
-           var threshold = 15; // degrees within right or straight
-           var lowerBound = Math.cos((90 - threshold) * Math.PI / 180);  // near right
-           var upperBound = Math.cos(threshold * Math.PI / 180);         // near straight
+           function click(d3_event, operation) {
+             d3_event.stopPropagation();
 
-           for (var i = 0; i < points.length; i++) {
-               var a = points[(i - 1 + points.length) % points.length];
-               var origin = points[i];
-               var b = points[(i + 1) % points.length];
+             if (operation.relatedEntityIds) {
+               utilHighlightEntities(operation.relatedEntityIds(), false, context);
+             }
 
-               var dotp = geoVecNormalizedDot(a, b, origin);
-               var mag = Math.abs(dotp);
-               if (mag > lowerBound && mag < upperBound) {
-                   return false;
+             if (operation.disabled()) {
+               if (lastPointerUpType === 'touch' || lastPointerUpType === 'pen') {
+                 // there are no tooltips for touch interactions so flash feedback instead
+                 context.ui().flash.duration(4000).iconName('#iD-operation-' + operation.id).iconClass('operation disabled').label(operation.tooltip)();
+               }
+             } else {
+               if (lastPointerUpType === 'touch' || lastPointerUpType === 'pen') {
+                 context.ui().flash.duration(2000).iconName('#iD-operation-' + operation.id).iconClass('operation').label(operation.annotation() || operation.title)();
                }
-           }
 
-           return true;
-       }
+               operation();
+               editMenu.close();
+             }
 
+             lastPointerUpType = null;
+           }
 
-       function selectMenuItem(context, operation) {
-           return context.container().select('.edit-menu .edit-menu-item-' + operation);
-       }
+           dispatch.call('toggled', this, true);
+         };
 
+         function updatePosition() {
+           if (!_menu || _menu.empty()) return;
+           var anchorLoc = context.projection(_anchorLocLonLat);
+           var viewport = context.surfaceRect();
 
-       function transitionTime(point1, point2) {
-           var distance = geoSphericalDistance(point1, point2);
-           if (distance === 0)
-               return 0;
-           else if (distance < 80)
-               return 500;
-           else
-               return 1000;
-       }
+           if (anchorLoc[0] < 0 || anchorLoc[0] > viewport.width || anchorLoc[1] < 0 || anchorLoc[1] > viewport.height) {
+             // close the menu if it's gone offscreen
+             editMenu.close();
+             return;
+           }
 
-       // Tooltips and svg mask used to highlight certain features
-       function uiCurtain(containerNode) {
+           var menuLeft = displayOnLeft(viewport);
+           var offset = [0, 0];
+           offset[0] = menuLeft ? -1 * (_menuSideMargin + _menuWidth) : _menuSideMargin;
 
-           var surface = select(null),
-               tooltip = select(null),
-               darkness = select(null);
+           if (_menuTop) {
+             if (anchorLoc[1] - _menuHeight < _vpTopMargin) {
+               // menu is near top viewport edge, shift downward
+               offset[1] = -anchorLoc[1] + _vpTopMargin;
+             } else {
+               offset[1] = -_menuHeight;
+             }
+           } else {
+             if (anchorLoc[1] + _menuHeight > viewport.height - _vpBottomMargin) {
+               // menu is near bottom viewport edge, shift upwards
+               offset[1] = -anchorLoc[1] - _menuHeight + viewport.height - _vpBottomMargin;
+             } else {
+               offset[1] = 0;
+             }
+           }
 
-           function curtain(selection) {
-               surface = selection
-                   .append('svg')
-                   .attr('class', 'curtain')
-                   .style('top', 0)
-                   .style('left', 0);
+           var origin = geoVecAdd(anchorLoc, offset);
 
-               darkness = surface.append('path')
-                   .attr('x', 0)
-                   .attr('y', 0)
-                   .attr('class', 'curtain-darkness');
+           _menu.style('left', origin[0] + 'px').style('top', origin[1] + 'px');
 
-               select(window).on('resize.curtain', resize);
+           var tooltipSide = tooltipPosition(viewport, menuLeft);
 
-               tooltip = selection.append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'tooltip');
+           _tooltips.forEach(function (tooltip) {
+             tooltip.placement(tooltipSide);
+           });
 
-               tooltip
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'popover-arrow');
+           function displayOnLeft(viewport) {
+             if (_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'ltr') {
+               if (anchorLoc[0] + _menuSideMargin + _menuWidth > viewport.width - _vpSideMargin) {
+                 // right menu would be too close to the right viewport edge, go left
+                 return true;
+               } // prefer right menu
 
-               tooltip
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'popover-inner');
 
-               resize();
+               return false;
+             } else {
+               // rtl
+               if (anchorLoc[0] - _menuSideMargin - _menuWidth < _vpSideMargin) {
+                 // left menu would be too close to the left viewport edge, go right
+                 return false;
+               } // prefer left menu
 
 
-               function resize() {
-                   surface
-                       .attr('width', containerNode.clientWidth)
-                       .attr('height', containerNode.clientHeight);
-                   curtain.cut(darkness.datum());
-               }
+               return true;
+             }
            }
 
-
-           /**
-            * Reveal cuts the curtain to highlight the given box,
-            * and shows a tooltip with instructions next to the box.
-            *
-            * @param  {String|ClientRect} [box]   box used to cut the curtain
-            * @param  {String}    [text]          text for a tooltip
-            * @param  {Object}    [options]
-            * @param  {string}    [options.tooltipClass]    optional class to add to the tooltip
-            * @param  {integer}   [options.duration]        transition time in milliseconds
-            * @param  {string}    [options.buttonText]      if set, create a button with this text label
-            * @param  {function}  [options.buttonCallback]  if set, the callback for the button
-            * @param  {function}  [options.padding]         extra margin in px to put around bbox
-            * @param  {String|ClientRect} [options.tooltipBox]  box for tooltip position, if different from box for the curtain
-            */
-           curtain.reveal = function(box, text, options) {
-               options = options || {};
-
-               if (typeof box === 'string') {
-                   box = select(box).node();
-               }
-               if (box && box.getBoundingClientRect) {
-                   box = copyBox(box.getBoundingClientRect());
-                   var containerRect = containerNode.getBoundingClientRect();
-                   box.top -= containerRect.top;
-                   box.left -= containerRect.left;
-               }
-               if (box && options.padding) {
-                   box.top -= options.padding;
-                   box.left -= options.padding;
-                   box.bottom += options.padding;
-                   box.right += options.padding;
-                   box.height += options.padding * 2;
-                   box.width += options.padding * 2;
-               }
-
-               var tooltipBox;
-               if (options.tooltipBox) {
-                   tooltipBox = options.tooltipBox;
-                   if (typeof tooltipBox === 'string') {
-                       tooltipBox = select(tooltipBox).node();
-                   }
-                   if (tooltipBox && tooltipBox.getBoundingClientRect) {
-                       tooltipBox = copyBox(tooltipBox.getBoundingClientRect());
-                   }
-               } else {
-                   tooltipBox = box;
+           function tooltipPosition(viewport, menuLeft) {
+             if (_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'ltr') {
+               if (menuLeft) {
+                 // if there's not room for a right-side menu then there definitely
+                 // isn't room for right-side tooltips
+                 return 'left';
                }
 
-               if (tooltipBox && text) {
-                   // pseudo markdown bold text for the instruction section..
-                   var parts = text.split('**');
-                   var html = parts[0] ? '<span>' + parts[0] + '</span>' : '';
-                   if (parts[1]) {
-                       html += '<span class="instruction">' + parts[1] + '</span>';
-                   }
+               if (anchorLoc[0] + _menuSideMargin + _menuWidth + _tooltipWidth > viewport.width - _vpSideMargin) {
+                 // right tooltips would be too close to the right viewport edge, go left
+                 return 'left';
+               } // prefer right tooltips
 
-                   html = html.replace(/\*(.*?)\*/g, '<em>$1</em>');   // emphasis
-                   html = html.replace(/\{br\}/g, '<br/><br/>');       // linebreak
 
-                   if (options.buttonText && options.buttonCallback) {
-                       html += '<div class="button-section">' +
-                           '<button href="#" class="button action">' + options.buttonText + '</button></div>';
-                   }
+               return 'right';
+             } else {
+               // rtl
+               if (!menuLeft) {
+                 return 'right';
+               }
 
-                   var classes = 'curtain-tooltip popover tooltip arrowed in ' + (options.tooltipClass || '');
-                   tooltip
-                       .classed(classes, true)
-                       .selectAll('.popover-inner')
-                       .html(html);
-
-                   if (options.buttonText && options.buttonCallback) {
-                       var button = tooltip.selectAll('.button-section .button.action');
-                       button
-                           .on('click', function() {
-                               event.preventDefault();
-                               options.buttonCallback();
-                           });
-                   }
+               if (anchorLoc[0] - _menuSideMargin - _menuWidth - _tooltipWidth < _vpSideMargin) {
+                 // left tooltips would be too close to the left viewport edge, go right
+                 return 'right';
+               } // prefer left tooltips
 
-                   var tip = copyBox(tooltip.node().getBoundingClientRect()),
-                       w = containerNode.clientWidth,
-                       h = containerNode.clientHeight,
-                       tooltipWidth = 200,
-                       tooltipArrow = 5,
-                       side, pos;
 
+               return 'left';
+             }
+           }
+         }
 
-                   // hack: this will have bottom placement,
-                   // so need to reserve extra space for the tooltip illustration.
-                   if (options.tooltipClass === 'intro-mouse') {
-                       tip.height += 80;
-                   }
+         editMenu.close = function () {
+           context.map().on('move.edit-menu', null).on('drawn.edit-menu', null);
 
-                   // trim box dimensions to just the portion that fits in the container..
-                   if (tooltipBox.top + tooltipBox.height > h) {
-                       tooltipBox.height -= (tooltipBox.top + tooltipBox.height - h);
-                   }
-                   if (tooltipBox.left + tooltipBox.width > w) {
-                       tooltipBox.width -= (tooltipBox.left + tooltipBox.width - w);
-                   }
+           _menu.remove();
 
-                   // determine tooltip placement..
+           _tooltips = [];
+           dispatch.call('toggled', this, false);
+         };
 
-                   if (tooltipBox.top + tooltipBox.height < 100) {
-                       // tooltip below box..
-                       side = 'bottom';
-                       pos = [
-                           tooltipBox.left + tooltipBox.width / 2 - tip.width / 2,
-                           tooltipBox.top + tooltipBox.height
-                       ];
+         editMenu.anchorLoc = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _anchorLoc;
+           _anchorLoc = val;
+           _anchorLocLonLat = context.projection.invert(_anchorLoc);
+           return editMenu;
+         };
 
-                   } else if (tooltipBox.top > h - 140) {
-                       // tooltip above box..
-                       side = 'top';
-                       pos = [
-                           tooltipBox.left + tooltipBox.width / 2 - tip.width / 2,
-                           tooltipBox.top - tip.height
-                       ];
+         editMenu.triggerType = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _triggerType;
+           _triggerType = val;
+           return editMenu;
+         };
 
-                   } else {
-                       // tooltip to the side of the tooltipBox..
-                       var tipY = tooltipBox.top + tooltipBox.height / 2 - tip.height / 2;
+         editMenu.operations = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _operations;
+           _operations = val;
+           return editMenu;
+         };
 
-                       if (_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl') {
-                           if (tooltipBox.left - tooltipWidth - tooltipArrow < 70) {
-                               side = 'right';
-                               pos = [tooltipBox.left + tooltipBox.width + tooltipArrow, tipY];
+         return utilRebind(editMenu, dispatch, 'on');
+       }
 
-                           } else {
-                               side = 'left';
-                               pos = [tooltipBox.left - tooltipWidth - tooltipArrow, tipY];
-                           }
+       function uiFeatureInfo(context) {
+         function update(selection) {
+           var features = context.features();
+           var stats = features.stats();
+           var count = 0;
+           var hiddenList = features.hidden().map(function (k) {
+             if (stats[k]) {
+               count += stats[k];
+               return _t('inspector.title_count', {
+                 title: _t.html('feature.' + k + '.description'),
+                 count: stats[k]
+               });
+             }
 
-                       } else {
-                           if (tooltipBox.left + tooltipBox.width + tooltipArrow + tooltipWidth > w - 70) {
-                               side = 'left';
-                               pos = [tooltipBox.left - tooltipWidth - tooltipArrow, tipY];
-                           }
-                           else {
-                               side = 'right';
-                               pos = [tooltipBox.left + tooltipBox.width + tooltipArrow, tipY];
-                           }
-                       }
-                   }
+             return null;
+           }).filter(Boolean);
+           selection.html('');
 
-                   if (options.duration !== 0 || !tooltip.classed(side)) {
-                       tooltip.call(uiToggle(true));
-                   }
+           if (hiddenList.length) {
+             var tooltipBehavior = uiTooltip().placement('top').title(function () {
+               return hiddenList.join('<br/>');
+             });
+             selection.append('a').attr('class', 'chip').attr('href', '#').html(_t.html('feature_info.hidden_warning', {
+               count: count
+             })).call(tooltipBehavior).on('click', function (d3_event) {
+               tooltipBehavior.hide();
+               d3_event.preventDefault(); // open the Map Data pane
 
-                   tooltip
-                       .style('top', pos[1] + 'px')
-                       .style('left', pos[0] + 'px')
-                       .attr('class', classes + ' ' + side);
+               context.ui().togglePanes(context.container().select('.map-panes .map-data-pane'));
+             });
+           }
 
+           selection.classed('hide', !hiddenList.length);
+         }
 
-                   // shift popover-inner if it is very close to the top or bottom edge
-                   // (doesn't affect the placement of the popover-arrow)
-                   var shiftY = 0;
-                   if (side === 'left' || side === 'right') {
-                       if (pos[1] < 60) {
-                           shiftY = 60 - pos[1];
-                       }
-                       else if (pos[1] + tip.height > h - 100) {
-                           shiftY = h - pos[1] - tip.height - 100;
-                       }
-                   }
-                   tooltip.selectAll('.popover-inner')
-                       .style('top', shiftY + 'px');
+         return function (selection) {
+           update(selection);
+           context.features().on('change.feature_info', function () {
+             update(selection);
+           });
+         };
+       }
 
-               } else {
-                   tooltip
-                       .classed('in', false)
-                       .call(uiToggle(false));
-               }
+       function uiFlash(context) {
+         var _flashTimer;
+
+         var _duration = 2000;
+         var _iconName = '#iD-icon-no';
+         var _iconClass = 'disabled';
+         var _label = '';
+
+         function flash() {
+           if (_flashTimer) {
+             _flashTimer.stop();
+           }
+
+           context.container().select('.main-footer-wrap').classed('footer-hide', true).classed('footer-show', false);
+           context.container().select('.flash-wrap').classed('footer-hide', false).classed('footer-show', true);
+           var content = context.container().select('.flash-wrap').selectAll('.flash-content').data([0]); // Enter
+
+           var contentEnter = content.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'flash-content');
+           var iconEnter = contentEnter.append('svg').attr('class', 'flash-icon icon').append('g').attr('transform', 'translate(10,10)');
+           iconEnter.append('circle').attr('r', 9);
+           iconEnter.append('use').attr('transform', 'translate(-7,-7)').attr('width', '14').attr('height', '14');
+           contentEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'flash-text'); // Update
+
+           content = content.merge(contentEnter);
+           content.selectAll('.flash-icon').attr('class', 'icon flash-icon ' + (_iconClass || ''));
+           content.selectAll('.flash-icon use').attr('xlink:href', _iconName);
+           content.selectAll('.flash-text').attr('class', 'flash-text').html(_label);
+           _flashTimer = d3_timeout(function () {
+             _flashTimer = null;
+             context.container().select('.main-footer-wrap').classed('footer-hide', false).classed('footer-show', true);
+             context.container().select('.flash-wrap').classed('footer-hide', true).classed('footer-show', false);
+           }, _duration);
+           return content;
+         }
+
+         flash.duration = function (_) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _duration;
+           _duration = _;
+           return flash;
+         };
 
-               curtain.cut(box, options.duration);
+         flash.label = function (_) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _label;
+           _label = _;
+           return flash;
+         };
 
-               return tooltip;
-           };
+         flash.iconName = function (_) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _iconName;
+           _iconName = _;
+           return flash;
+         };
+
+         flash.iconClass = function (_) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _iconClass;
+           _iconClass = _;
+           return flash;
+         };
 
+         return flash;
+       }
 
-           curtain.cut = function(datum, duration) {
-               darkness.datum(datum)
-                   .interrupt();
+       function uiFullScreen(context) {
+         var element = context.container().node(); // var button = d3_select(null);
 
-               var selection;
-               if (duration === 0) {
-                   selection = darkness;
-               } else {
-                   selection = darkness
-                       .transition()
-                       .duration(duration || 600)
-                       .ease(linear$1);
-               }
-
-               selection
-                   .attr('d', function(d) {
-                       var containerWidth = containerNode.clientWidth;
-                       var containerHeight = containerNode.clientHeight;
-                       var string = 'M 0,0 L 0,' + containerHeight + ' L ' +
-                           containerWidth + ',' + containerHeight + 'L' +
-                           containerWidth + ',0 Z';
-
-                       if (!d) return string;
-                       return string + 'M' +
-                           d.left + ',' + d.top + 'L' +
-                           d.left + ',' + (d.top + d.height) + 'L' +
-                           (d.left + d.width) + ',' + (d.top + d.height) + 'L' +
-                           (d.left + d.width) + ',' + (d.top) + 'Z';
+         function getFullScreenFn() {
+           if (element.requestFullscreen) {
+             return element.requestFullscreen;
+           } else if (element.msRequestFullscreen) {
+             return element.msRequestFullscreen;
+           } else if (element.mozRequestFullScreen) {
+             return element.mozRequestFullScreen;
+           } else if (element.webkitRequestFullscreen) {
+             return element.webkitRequestFullscreen;
+           }
+         }
 
-                   });
-           };
+         function getExitFullScreenFn() {
+           if (document.exitFullscreen) {
+             return document.exitFullscreen;
+           } else if (document.msExitFullscreen) {
+             return document.msExitFullscreen;
+           } else if (document.mozCancelFullScreen) {
+             return document.mozCancelFullScreen;
+           } else if (document.webkitExitFullscreen) {
+             return document.webkitExitFullscreen;
+           }
+         }
 
+         function isFullScreen() {
+           return document.fullscreenElement || document.mozFullScreenElement || document.webkitFullscreenElement || document.msFullscreenElement;
+         }
 
-           curtain.remove = function() {
-               surface.remove();
-               tooltip.remove();
-               select(window).on('resize.curtain', null);
-           };
+         function isSupported() {
+           return !!getFullScreenFn();
+         }
 
+         function fullScreen(d3_event) {
+           d3_event.preventDefault();
 
-           // ClientRects are immutable, so copy them to an object,
-           // in case we need to trim the height/width.
-           function copyBox(src) {
-               return {
-                   top: src.top,
-                   right: src.right,
-                   bottom: src.bottom,
-                   left: src.left,
-                   width: src.width,
-                   height: src.height
-               };
+           if (!isFullScreen()) {
+             // button.classed('active', true);
+             getFullScreenFn().apply(element);
+           } else {
+             // button.classed('active', false);
+             getExitFullScreenFn().apply(document);
            }
+         }
 
+         return function () {
+           // selection) {
+           if (!isSupported()) return; // button = selection.append('button')
+           //     .attr('title', t('full_screen'))
+           //     .on('click', fullScreen)
+           //     .call(tooltip);
+           // button.append('span')
+           //     .attr('class', 'icon full-screen');
 
-           return curtain;
+           var detected = utilDetect();
+           var keys = detected.os === 'mac' ? [uiCmd('⌃⌘F'), 'f11'] : ['f11'];
+           context.keybinding().on(keys, fullScreen);
+         };
        }
 
-       function uiIntroWelcome(context, reveal) {
-           var dispatch$1 = dispatch('done');
-
-           var chapter = {
-               title: 'intro.welcome.title'
-           };
+       function uiGeolocate(context) {
+         var _geolocationOptions = {
+           // prioritize speed and power usage over precision
+           enableHighAccuracy: false,
+           // don't hang indefinitely getting the location
+           timeout: 6000 // 6sec
 
+         };
 
-           function welcome() {
-               context.map().centerZoom([-85.63591, 41.94285], 19);
-               reveal('.intro-nav-wrap .chapter-welcome',
-                   helpString('intro.welcome.welcome'),
-                   { buttonText: _t('intro.ok'), buttonCallback: practice }
-               );
-           }
+         var _locating = uiLoading(context).message(_t.html('geolocate.locating')).blocking(true);
 
-           function practice() {
-               reveal('.intro-nav-wrap .chapter-welcome',
-                   helpString('intro.welcome.practice'),
-                   { buttonText: _t('intro.ok'), buttonCallback: words }
-               );
-           }
+         var _layer = context.layers().layer('geolocate');
 
-           function words() {
-               reveal('.intro-nav-wrap .chapter-welcome',
-                   helpString('intro.welcome.words'),
-                   { buttonText: _t('intro.ok'), buttonCallback: chapters }
-               );
-           }
+         var _position;
 
+         var _extent;
 
-           function chapters() {
-               dispatch$1.call('done');
-               reveal('.intro-nav-wrap .chapter-navigation',
-                   helpString('intro.welcome.chapters', { next: _t('intro.navigation.title') })
-               );
-           }
+         var _timeoutID;
 
+         var _button = select(null);
 
-           chapter.enter = function() {
-               welcome();
-           };
+         function click() {
+           if (context.inIntro()) return;
 
+           if (!_layer.enabled() && !_locating.isShown()) {
+             // This timeout ensures that we still call finish() even if
+             // the user declines to share their location in Firefox
+             _timeoutID = setTimeout(error, 10000
+             /* 10sec */
+             );
+             context.container().call(_locating); // get the latest position even if we already have one
 
-           chapter.exit = function() {
-               context.container().select('.curtain-tooltip.intro-mouse')
-                   .selectAll('.counter')
-                   .remove();
-           };
+             navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(success, error, _geolocationOptions);
+           } else {
+             _locating.close();
 
+             _layer.enabled(null, false);
 
-           chapter.restart = function() {
-               chapter.exit();
-               chapter.enter();
-           };
+             updateButtonState();
+           }
+         }
 
+         function zoomTo() {
+           context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+           var map = context.map();
 
-           return utilRebind(chapter, dispatch$1, 'on');
-       }
+           _layer.enabled(_position, true);
 
-       function uiIntroNavigation(context, reveal) {
-           var dispatch$1 = dispatch('done');
-           var timeouts = [];
-           var hallId = 'n2061';
-           var townHall = [-85.63591, 41.94285];
-           var springStreetId = 'w397';
-           var springStreetEndId = 'n1834';
-           var springStreet = [-85.63582, 41.94255];
-           var onewayField = _mainPresetIndex.field('oneway');
-           var maxspeedField = _mainPresetIndex.field('maxspeed');
-
-
-           var chapter = {
-               title: 'intro.navigation.title'
-           };
+           updateButtonState();
+           map.centerZoomEase(_extent.center(), Math.min(20, map.extentZoom(_extent)));
+         }
 
+         function success(geolocation) {
+           _position = geolocation;
+           var coords = _position.coords;
+           _extent = geoExtent([coords.longitude, coords.latitude]).padByMeters(coords.accuracy);
+           zoomTo();
+           finish();
+         }
 
-           function timeout(f, t) {
-               timeouts.push(window.setTimeout(f, t));
+         function error() {
+           if (_position) {
+             // use the position from a previous call if we have one
+             zoomTo();
+           } else {
+             context.ui().flash.label(_t.html('geolocate.location_unavailable')).iconName('#iD-icon-geolocate')();
            }
 
+           finish();
+         }
 
-           function eventCancel() {
-               event.stopPropagation();
-               event.preventDefault();
-           }
+         function finish() {
+           _locating.close(); // unblock ui
 
 
-           function isTownHallSelected() {
-               var ids = context.selectedIDs();
-               return ids.length === 1 && ids[0] === hallId;
+           if (_timeoutID) {
+             clearTimeout(_timeoutID);
            }
 
+           _timeoutID = undefined;
+         }
 
-           function dragMap() {
-               context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
-               context.history().reset('initial');
-
-               var msec = transitionTime(townHall, context.map().center());
-               if (msec) { reveal(null, null, { duration: 0 }); }
-               context.map().centerZoomEase(townHall, 19, msec);
+         function updateButtonState() {
+           _button.classed('active', _layer.enabled());
+         }
 
-               timeout(function() {
-                   var centerStart = context.map().center();
+         return function (selection) {
+           if (!navigator.geolocation || !navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition) return;
+           _button = selection.append('button').on('click', click).call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-geolocate', 'light')).call(uiTooltip().placement(_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl' ? 'right' : 'left').title(_t.html('geolocate.title')).keys([_t('geolocate.key')]));
+           context.keybinding().on(_t('geolocate.key'), click);
+         };
+       }
 
-                   var textId = context.lastPointerType() === 'mouse' ? 'drag' : 'drag_touch';
-                   var dragString = helpString('intro.navigation.map_info') + '{br}' + helpString('intro.navigation.' + textId);
-                   reveal('.surface', dragString);
-                   context.map().on('drawn.intro', function() {
-                       reveal('.surface', dragString, { duration: 0 });
-                   });
+       function uiPanelBackground(context) {
+         var background = context.background();
+         var _currSourceName = null;
+         var _metadata = {};
+         var _metadataKeys = ['zoom', 'vintage', 'source', 'description', 'resolution', 'accuracy'];
 
-                   context.map().on('move.intro', function() {
-                       var centerNow = context.map().center();
-                       if (centerStart[0] !== centerNow[0] || centerStart[1] !== centerNow[1]) {
-                           context.map().on('move.intro', null);
-                           timeout(function() { continueTo(zoomMap); }, 3000);
-                       }
-                   });
+         var debouncedRedraw = debounce(redraw, 250);
 
-               }, msec + 100);
+         function redraw(selection) {
+           var source = background.baseLayerSource();
+           if (!source) return;
+           var isDG = source.id.match(/^DigitalGlobe/i) !== null;
+           var sourceLabel = source.label();
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
+           if (_currSourceName !== sourceLabel) {
+             _currSourceName = sourceLabel;
+             _metadata = {};
            }
 
+           selection.html('');
+           var list = selection.append('ul').attr('class', 'background-info');
+           list.append('li').html(_currSourceName);
 
-           function zoomMap() {
-               var zoomStart = context.map().zoom();
+           _metadataKeys.forEach(function (k) {
+             // DigitalGlobe vintage is available in raster layers for now.
+             if (isDG && k === 'vintage') return;
+             list.append('li').attr('class', 'background-info-list-' + k).classed('hide', !_metadata[k]).html(_t.html('info_panels.background.' + k) + ':').append('span').attr('class', 'background-info-span-' + k).html(_metadata[k]);
+           });
 
-               var textId = context.lastPointerType() === 'mouse' ? 'zoom' : 'zoom_touch';
-               var zoomString = helpString('intro.navigation.' + textId);
+           debouncedGetMetadata(selection);
+           var toggleTiles = context.getDebug('tile') ? 'hide_tiles' : 'show_tiles';
+           selection.append('a').html(_t.html('info_panels.background.' + toggleTiles)).attr('href', '#').attr('class', 'button button-toggle-tiles').on('click', function (d3_event) {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             context.setDebug('tile', !context.getDebug('tile'));
+             selection.call(redraw);
+           });
 
-               reveal('.surface', zoomString);
+           if (isDG) {
+             var key = source.id + '-vintage';
+             var sourceVintage = context.background().findSource(key);
+             var showsVintage = context.background().showsLayer(sourceVintage);
+             var toggleVintage = showsVintage ? 'hide_vintage' : 'show_vintage';
+             selection.append('a').html(_t.html('info_panels.background.' + toggleVintage)).attr('href', '#').attr('class', 'button button-toggle-vintage').on('click', function (d3_event) {
+               d3_event.preventDefault();
+               context.background().toggleOverlayLayer(sourceVintage);
+               selection.call(redraw);
+             });
+           } // disable if necessary
 
-               context.map().on('drawn.intro', function() {
-                   reveal('.surface', zoomString, { duration: 0 });
-               });
 
-               context.map().on('move.intro', function() {
-                   if (context.map().zoom() !== zoomStart) {
-                       context.map().on('move.intro', null);
-                       timeout(function() { continueTo(features); }, 3000);
-                   }
-               });
+           ['DigitalGlobe-Premium', 'DigitalGlobe-Standard'].forEach(function (layerId) {
+             if (source.id !== layerId) {
+               var key = layerId + '-vintage';
+               var sourceVintage = context.background().findSource(key);
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
+               if (context.background().showsLayer(sourceVintage)) {
+                 context.background().toggleOverlayLayer(sourceVintage);
                }
-           }
+             }
+           });
+         }
 
+         var debouncedGetMetadata = debounce(getMetadata, 250);
 
-           function features() {
-               var onClick = function() { continueTo(pointsLinesAreas); };
+         function getMetadata(selection) {
+           var tile = context.container().select('.layer-background img.tile-center'); // tile near viewport center
 
-               reveal('.surface', helpString('intro.navigation.features'),
-                   { buttonText: _t('intro.ok'), buttonCallback: onClick }
-               );
+           if (tile.empty()) return;
+           var sourceName = _currSourceName;
+           var d = tile.datum();
+           var zoom = d && d.length >= 3 && d[2] || Math.floor(context.map().zoom());
+           var center = context.map().center(); // update zoom
 
-               context.map().on('drawn.intro', function() {
-                   reveal('.surface', helpString('intro.navigation.features'),
-                       { duration: 0, buttonText: _t('intro.ok'), buttonCallback: onClick }
-                   );
-               });
+           _metadata.zoom = String(zoom);
+           selection.selectAll('.background-info-list-zoom').classed('hide', false).selectAll('.background-info-span-zoom').html(_metadata.zoom);
+           if (!d || !d.length >= 3) return;
+           background.baseLayerSource().getMetadata(center, d, function (err, result) {
+             if (err || _currSourceName !== sourceName) return; // update vintage
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.map().on('drawn.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
-           }
+             var vintage = result.vintage;
+             _metadata.vintage = vintage && vintage.range || _t('info_panels.background.unknown');
+             selection.selectAll('.background-info-list-vintage').classed('hide', false).selectAll('.background-info-span-vintage').html(_metadata.vintage); // update other _metadata
 
-           function pointsLinesAreas() {
-               var onClick = function() { continueTo(nodesWays); };
+             _metadataKeys.forEach(function (k) {
+               if (k === 'zoom' || k === 'vintage') return; // done already
 
-               reveal('.surface', helpString('intro.navigation.points_lines_areas'),
-                   { buttonText: _t('intro.ok'), buttonCallback: onClick }
-               );
+               var val = result[k];
+               _metadata[k] = val;
+               selection.selectAll('.background-info-list-' + k).classed('hide', !val).selectAll('.background-info-span-' + k).html(val);
+             });
+           });
+         }
 
-               context.map().on('drawn.intro', function() {
-                   reveal('.surface', helpString('intro.navigation.points_lines_areas'),
-                       { duration: 0, buttonText: _t('intro.ok'), buttonCallback: onClick }
-                   );
-               });
+         var panel = function panel(selection) {
+           selection.call(redraw);
+           context.map().on('drawn.info-background', function () {
+             selection.call(debouncedRedraw);
+           }).on('move.info-background', function () {
+             selection.call(debouncedGetMetadata);
+           });
+         };
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.map().on('drawn.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
+         panel.off = function () {
+           context.map().on('drawn.info-background', null).on('move.info-background', null);
+         };
+
+         panel.id = 'background';
+         panel.label = _t.html('info_panels.background.title');
+         panel.key = _t('info_panels.background.key');
+         return panel;
+       }
+
+       function uiPanelHistory(context) {
+         var osm;
+
+         function displayTimestamp(timestamp) {
+           if (!timestamp) return _t('info_panels.history.unknown');
+           var options = {
+             day: 'numeric',
+             month: 'short',
+             year: 'numeric',
+             hour: 'numeric',
+             minute: 'numeric',
+             second: 'numeric'
+           };
+           var d = new Date(timestamp);
+           if (isNaN(d.getTime())) return _t('info_panels.history.unknown');
+           return d.toLocaleString(_mainLocalizer.localeCode(), options);
+         }
+
+         function displayUser(selection, userName) {
+           if (!userName) {
+             selection.append('span').html(_t.html('info_panels.history.unknown'));
+             return;
            }
 
-           function nodesWays() {
-               var onClick = function() { continueTo(clickTownHall); };
+           selection.append('span').attr('class', 'user-name').html(userName);
+           var links = selection.append('div').attr('class', 'links');
 
-               reveal('.surface', helpString('intro.navigation.nodes_ways'),
-                   { buttonText: _t('intro.ok'), buttonCallback: onClick }
-               );
+           if (osm) {
+             links.append('a').attr('class', 'user-osm-link').attr('href', osm.userURL(userName)).attr('target', '_blank').html('OSM');
+           }
 
-               context.map().on('drawn.intro', function() {
-                   reveal('.surface', helpString('intro.navigation.nodes_ways'),
-                       { duration: 0, buttonText: _t('intro.ok'), buttonCallback: onClick }
-                   );
-               });
+           links.append('a').attr('class', 'user-hdyc-link').attr('href', 'https://hdyc.neis-one.org/?' + userName).attr('target', '_blank').attr('tabindex', -1).html('HDYC');
+         }
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.map().on('drawn.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
+         function displayChangeset(selection, changeset) {
+           if (!changeset) {
+             selection.append('span').html(_t.html('info_panels.history.unknown'));
+             return;
            }
 
-           function clickTownHall() {
-               context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
-               context.history().reset('initial');
+           selection.append('span').attr('class', 'changeset-id').html(changeset);
+           var links = selection.append('div').attr('class', 'links');
 
-               var entity = context.hasEntity(hallId);
-               if (!entity) return;
-               reveal(null, null, { duration: 0 });
-               context.map().centerZoomEase(entity.loc, 19, 500);
-
-               timeout(function() {
-                   var entity = context.hasEntity(hallId);
-                   if (!entity) return;
-                   var box = pointBox(entity.loc, context);
-                   var textId = context.lastPointerType() === 'mouse' ? 'click_townhall' : 'tap_townhall';
-                   reveal(box, helpString('intro.navigation.' + textId));
-
-                   context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function() {
-                       var entity = context.hasEntity(hallId);
-                       if (!entity) return;
-                       var box = pointBox(entity.loc, context);
-                       reveal(box, helpString('intro.navigation.' + textId), { duration: 0 });
-                   });
+           if (osm) {
+             links.append('a').attr('class', 'changeset-osm-link').attr('href', osm.changesetURL(changeset)).attr('target', '_blank').html('OSM');
+           }
 
-                   context.on('enter.intro', function() {
-                       if (isTownHallSelected()) continueTo(selectedTownHall);
-                   });
+           links.append('a').attr('class', 'changeset-osmcha-link').attr('href', 'https://osmcha.org/changesets/' + changeset).attr('target', '_blank').html('OSMCha');
+           links.append('a').attr('class', 'changeset-achavi-link').attr('href', 'https://overpass-api.de/achavi/?changeset=' + changeset).attr('target', '_blank').html('Achavi');
+         }
 
-               }, 550);  // after centerZoomEase
+         function redraw(selection) {
+           var selectedNoteID = context.selectedNoteID();
+           osm = context.connection();
+           var selected, note, entity;
 
-               context.history().on('change.intro', function() {
-                   if (!context.hasEntity(hallId)) {
-                       continueTo(clickTownHall);
-                   }
-               });
+           if (selectedNoteID && osm) {
+             // selected 1 note
+             selected = [_t('note.note') + ' ' + selectedNoteID];
+             note = osm.getNote(selectedNoteID);
+           } else {
+             // selected 1..n entities
+             selected = context.selectedIDs().filter(function (e) {
+               return context.hasEntity(e);
+             });
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.on('enter.intro', null);
-                   context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
-                   context.history().on('change.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
+             if (selected.length) {
+               entity = context.entity(selected[0]);
+             }
            }
 
+           var singular = selected.length === 1 ? selected[0] : null;
+           selection.html('');
+           selection.append('h4').attr('class', 'history-heading').html(singular || _t.html('info_panels.selected', {
+             n: selected.length
+           }));
+           if (!singular) return;
 
-           function selectedTownHall() {
-               if (!isTownHallSelected()) return clickTownHall();
+           if (entity) {
+             selection.call(redrawEntity, entity);
+           } else if (note) {
+             selection.call(redrawNote, note);
+           }
+         }
 
-               var entity = context.hasEntity(hallId);
-               if (!entity) return clickTownHall();
+         function redrawNote(selection, note) {
+           if (!note || note.isNew()) {
+             selection.append('div').html(_t.html('info_panels.history.note_no_history'));
+             return;
+           }
 
-               var box = pointBox(entity.loc, context);
-               var onClick = function() { continueTo(editorTownHall); };
+           var list = selection.append('ul');
+           list.append('li').html(_t.html('info_panels.history.note_comments') + ':').append('span').html(note.comments.length);
 
-               reveal(box, helpString('intro.navigation.selected_townhall'),
-                   { buttonText: _t('intro.ok'), buttonCallback: onClick }
-               );
+           if (note.comments.length) {
+             list.append('li').html(_t.html('info_panels.history.note_created_date') + ':').append('span').html(displayTimestamp(note.comments[0].date));
+             list.append('li').html(_t.html('info_panels.history.note_created_user') + ':').call(displayUser, note.comments[0].user);
+           }
 
-               context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function() {
-                   var entity = context.hasEntity(hallId);
-                   if (!entity) return;
-                   var box = pointBox(entity.loc, context);
-                   reveal(box, helpString('intro.navigation.selected_townhall'),
-                       { duration: 0, buttonText: _t('intro.ok'), buttonCallback: onClick }
-                   );
-               });
+           if (osm) {
+             selection.append('a').attr('class', 'view-history-on-osm').attr('target', '_blank').attr('href', osm.noteURL(note)).call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-out-link', 'inline')).append('span').html(_t.html('info_panels.history.note_link_text'));
+           }
+         }
 
-               context.history().on('change.intro', function() {
-                   if (!context.hasEntity(hallId)) {
-                       continueTo(clickTownHall);
-                   }
-               });
+         function redrawEntity(selection, entity) {
+           if (!entity || entity.isNew()) {
+             selection.append('div').html(_t.html('info_panels.history.no_history'));
+             return;
+           }
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
-                   context.history().on('change.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
+           var links = selection.append('div').attr('class', 'links');
+
+           if (osm) {
+             links.append('a').attr('class', 'view-history-on-osm').attr('href', osm.historyURL(entity)).attr('target', '_blank').attr('title', _t('info_panels.history.link_text')).html('OSM');
            }
 
+           links.append('a').attr('class', 'pewu-history-viewer-link').attr('href', 'https://pewu.github.io/osm-history/#/' + entity.type + '/' + entity.osmId()).attr('target', '_blank').attr('tabindex', -1).html('PeWu');
+           var list = selection.append('ul');
+           list.append('li').html(_t.html('info_panels.history.version') + ':').append('span').html(entity.version);
+           list.append('li').html(_t.html('info_panels.history.last_edit') + ':').append('span').html(displayTimestamp(entity.timestamp));
+           list.append('li').html(_t.html('info_panels.history.edited_by') + ':').call(displayUser, entity.user);
+           list.append('li').html(_t.html('info_panels.history.changeset') + ':').call(displayChangeset, entity.changeset);
+         }
 
-           function editorTownHall() {
-               if (!isTownHallSelected()) return clickTownHall();
+         var panel = function panel(selection) {
+           selection.call(redraw);
+           context.map().on('drawn.info-history', function () {
+             selection.call(redraw);
+           });
+           context.on('enter.info-history', function () {
+             selection.call(redraw);
+           });
+         };
 
-               // disallow scrolling
-               context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', eventCancel);
+         panel.off = function () {
+           context.map().on('drawn.info-history', null);
+           context.on('enter.info-history', null);
+         };
 
-               var onClick = function() { continueTo(presetTownHall); };
+         panel.id = 'history';
+         panel.label = _t.html('info_panels.history.title');
+         panel.key = _t('info_panels.history.key');
+         return panel;
+       }
 
-               reveal('.entity-editor-pane',
-                   helpString('intro.navigation.editor_townhall'),
-                   { buttonText: _t('intro.ok'), buttonCallback: onClick }
-               );
+       var OSM_PRECISION = 7;
+       /**
+        * Returns a localized representation of the given length measurement.
+        *
+        * @param {Number} m area in meters
+        * @param {Boolean} isImperial true for U.S. customary units; false for metric
+        */
 
-               context.on('exit.intro', function() {
-                   continueTo(clickTownHall);
-               });
+       function displayLength(m, isImperial) {
+         var d = m * (isImperial ? 3.28084 : 1);
+         var unit;
 
-               context.history().on('change.intro', function() {
-                   if (!context.hasEntity(hallId)) {
-                       continueTo(clickTownHall);
-                   }
-               });
+         if (isImperial) {
+           if (d >= 5280) {
+             d /= 5280;
+             unit = 'miles';
+           } else {
+             unit = 'feet';
+           }
+         } else {
+           if (d >= 1000) {
+             d /= 1000;
+             unit = 'kilometers';
+           } else {
+             unit = 'meters';
+           }
+         }
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.on('exit.intro', null);
-                   context.history().on('change.intro', null);
-                   context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
+         return _t('units.' + unit, {
+           quantity: d.toLocaleString(_mainLocalizer.localeCode(), {
+             maximumSignificantDigits: 4
+           })
+         });
+       }
+       /**
+        * Returns a localized representation of the given area measurement.
+        *
+        * @param {Number} m2 area in square meters
+        * @param {Boolean} isImperial true for U.S. customary units; false for metric
+        */
+
+       function displayArea(m2, isImperial) {
+         var locale = _mainLocalizer.localeCode();
+         var d = m2 * (isImperial ? 10.7639111056 : 1);
+         var d1, d2, area;
+         var unit1 = '';
+         var unit2 = '';
+
+         if (isImperial) {
+           if (d >= 6969600) {
+             // > 0.25mi² show mi²
+             d1 = d / 27878400;
+             unit1 = 'square_miles';
+           } else {
+             d1 = d;
+             unit1 = 'square_feet';
            }
 
+           if (d > 4356 && d < 43560000) {
+             // 0.1 - 1000 acres
+             d2 = d / 43560;
+             unit2 = 'acres';
+           }
+         } else {
+           if (d >= 250000) {
+             // > 0.25km² show km²
+             d1 = d / 1000000;
+             unit1 = 'square_kilometers';
+           } else {
+             d1 = d;
+             unit1 = 'square_meters';
+           }
 
-           function presetTownHall() {
-               if (!isTownHallSelected()) return clickTownHall();
+           if (d > 1000 && d < 10000000) {
+             // 0.1 - 1000 hectares
+             d2 = d / 10000;
+             unit2 = 'hectares';
+           }
+         }
 
-               // reset pane, in case user happened to change it..
-               context.container().select('.inspector-wrap .panewrap').style('right', '0%');
-               // disallow scrolling
-               context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', eventCancel);
+         area = _t('units.' + unit1, {
+           quantity: d1.toLocaleString(locale, {
+             maximumSignificantDigits: 4
+           })
+         });
 
-               // preset match, in case the user happened to change it.
-               var entity = context.entity(context.selectedIDs()[0]);
-               var preset = _mainPresetIndex.match(entity, context.graph());
+         if (d2) {
+           return _t('units.area_pair', {
+             area1: area,
+             area2: _t('units.' + unit2, {
+               quantity: d2.toLocaleString(locale, {
+                 maximumSignificantDigits: 2
+               })
+             })
+           });
+         } else {
+           return area;
+         }
+       }
 
-               var onClick = function() { continueTo(fieldsTownHall); };
+       function wrap(x, min, max) {
+         var d = max - min;
+         return ((x - min) % d + d) % d + min;
+       }
 
-               reveal('.entity-editor-pane .section-feature-type',
-                   helpString('intro.navigation.preset_townhall', { preset: preset.name() }),
-                   { buttonText: _t('intro.ok'), buttonCallback: onClick }
-               );
+       function clamp(x, min, max) {
+         return Math.max(min, Math.min(x, max));
+       }
 
-               context.on('exit.intro', function() {
-                   continueTo(clickTownHall);
-               });
+       function displayCoordinate(deg, pos, neg) {
+         var locale = _mainLocalizer.localeCode();
+         var min = (Math.abs(deg) - Math.floor(Math.abs(deg))) * 60;
+         var sec = (min - Math.floor(min)) * 60;
+         var displayDegrees = _t('units.arcdegrees', {
+           quantity: Math.floor(Math.abs(deg)).toLocaleString(locale)
+         });
+         var displayCoordinate;
 
-               context.history().on('change.intro', function() {
-                   if (!context.hasEntity(hallId)) {
-                       continueTo(clickTownHall);
-                   }
-               });
+         if (Math.floor(sec) > 0) {
+           displayCoordinate = displayDegrees + _t('units.arcminutes', {
+             quantity: Math.floor(min).toLocaleString(locale)
+           }) + _t('units.arcseconds', {
+             quantity: Math.round(sec).toLocaleString(locale)
+           });
+         } else if (Math.floor(min) > 0) {
+           displayCoordinate = displayDegrees + _t('units.arcminutes', {
+             quantity: Math.round(min).toLocaleString(locale)
+           });
+         } else {
+           displayCoordinate = _t('units.arcdegrees', {
+             quantity: Math.round(Math.abs(deg)).toLocaleString(locale)
+           });
+         }
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.on('exit.intro', null);
-                   context.history().on('change.intro', null);
-                   context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
-           }
+         if (deg === 0) {
+           return displayCoordinate;
+         } else {
+           return _t('units.coordinate', {
+             coordinate: displayCoordinate,
+             direction: _t('units.' + (deg > 0 ? pos : neg))
+           });
+         }
+       }
+       /**
+        * Returns given coordinate pair in degree-minute-second format.
+        *
+        * @param {Array<Number>} coord longitude and latitude
+        */
+
+
+       function dmsCoordinatePair(coord) {
+         return _t('units.coordinate_pair', {
+           latitude: displayCoordinate(clamp(coord[1], -90, 90), 'north', 'south'),
+           longitude: displayCoordinate(wrap(coord[0], -180, 180), 'east', 'west')
+         });
+       }
+       /**
+        * Returns the given coordinate pair in decimal format.
+        * note: unlocalized to avoid comma ambiguity - see #4765
+        *
+        * @param {Array<Number>} coord longitude and latitude
+        */
+
+       function decimalCoordinatePair(coord) {
+         return _t('units.coordinate_pair', {
+           latitude: clamp(coord[1], -90, 90).toFixed(OSM_PRECISION),
+           longitude: wrap(coord[0], -180, 180).toFixed(OSM_PRECISION)
+         });
+       }
 
+       function uiPanelLocation(context) {
+         var currLocation = '';
 
-           function fieldsTownHall() {
-               if (!isTownHallSelected()) return clickTownHall();
+         function redraw(selection) {
+           selection.html('');
+           var list = selection.append('ul'); // Mouse coordinates
 
-               // reset pane, in case user happened to change it..
-               context.container().select('.inspector-wrap .panewrap').style('right', '0%');
-               // disallow scrolling
-               context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', eventCancel);
+           var coord = context.map().mouseCoordinates();
 
-               var onClick = function() { continueTo(closeTownHall); };
+           if (coord.some(isNaN)) {
+             coord = context.map().center();
+           }
 
-               reveal('.entity-editor-pane .section-preset-fields',
-                   helpString('intro.navigation.fields_townhall'),
-                   { buttonText: _t('intro.ok'), buttonCallback: onClick }
-               );
+           list.append('li').html(dmsCoordinatePair(coord)).append('li').html(decimalCoordinatePair(coord)); // Location Info
 
-               context.on('exit.intro', function() {
-                   continueTo(clickTownHall);
-               });
+           selection.append('div').attr('class', 'location-info').html(currLocation || ' ');
+           debouncedGetLocation(selection, coord);
+         }
 
-               context.history().on('change.intro', function() {
-                   if (!context.hasEntity(hallId)) {
-                       continueTo(clickTownHall);
-                   }
-               });
+         var debouncedGetLocation = debounce(getLocation, 250);
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.on('exit.intro', null);
-                   context.history().on('change.intro', null);
-                   context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
+         function getLocation(selection, coord) {
+           if (!services.geocoder) {
+             currLocation = _t('info_panels.location.unknown_location');
+             selection.selectAll('.location-info').html(currLocation);
+           } else {
+             services.geocoder.reverse(coord, function (err, result) {
+               currLocation = result ? result.display_name : _t('info_panels.location.unknown_location');
+               selection.selectAll('.location-info').html(currLocation);
+             });
            }
+         }
 
+         var panel = function panel(selection) {
+           selection.call(redraw);
+           context.surface().on(('PointerEvent' in window ? 'pointer' : 'mouse') + 'move.info-location', function () {
+             selection.call(redraw);
+           });
+         };
 
-           function closeTownHall() {
-               if (!isTownHallSelected()) return clickTownHall();
-
-               var selector = '.entity-editor-pane button.close svg use';
-               var href = select(selector).attr('href') || '#iD-icon-close';
+         panel.off = function () {
+           context.surface().on('.info-location', null);
+         };
 
-               reveal('.entity-editor-pane',
-                   helpString('intro.navigation.close_townhall', { button: icon(href, 'pre-text') })
-               );
+         panel.id = 'location';
+         panel.label = _t.html('info_panels.location.title');
+         panel.key = _t('info_panels.location.key');
+         return panel;
+       }
 
-               context.on('exit.intro', function() {
-                   continueTo(searchStreet);
-               });
+       function uiPanelMeasurement(context) {
+         function radiansToMeters(r) {
+           // using WGS84 authalic radius (6371007.1809 m)
+           return r * 6371007.1809;
+         }
 
-               context.history().on('change.intro', function() {
-                   // update the close icon in the tooltip if the user edits something.
-                   var selector = '.entity-editor-pane button.close svg use';
-                   var href = select(selector).attr('href') || '#iD-icon-close';
+         function steradiansToSqmeters(r) {
+           // http://gis.stackexchange.com/a/124857/40446
+           return r / (4 * Math.PI) * 510065621724000;
+         }
 
-                   reveal('.entity-editor-pane',
-                       helpString('intro.navigation.close_townhall', { button: icon(href, 'pre-text') }),
-                       { duration: 0 }
-                   );
-               });
+         function toLineString(feature) {
+           if (feature.type === 'LineString') return feature;
+           var result = {
+             type: 'LineString',
+             coordinates: []
+           };
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.on('exit.intro', null);
-                   context.history().on('change.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
+           if (feature.type === 'Polygon') {
+             result.coordinates = feature.coordinates[0];
+           } else if (feature.type === 'MultiPolygon') {
+             result.coordinates = feature.coordinates[0][0];
            }
 
+           return result;
+         }
 
-           function searchStreet() {
-               context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
-               context.history().reset('initial');  // ensure spring street exists
+         var _isImperial = !_mainLocalizer.usesMetric();
 
-               var msec = transitionTime(springStreet, context.map().center());
-               if (msec) { reveal(null, null, { duration: 0 }); }
-               context.map().centerZoomEase(springStreet, 19, msec);  // ..and user can see it
+         function redraw(selection) {
+           var graph = context.graph();
+           var selectedNoteID = context.selectedNoteID();
+           var osm = services.osm;
+           var localeCode = _mainLocalizer.localeCode();
+           var heading;
+           var center, location, centroid;
+           var closed, geometry;
+           var totalNodeCount,
+               length = 0,
+               area = 0,
+               distance;
+
+           if (selectedNoteID && osm) {
+             // selected 1 note
+             var note = osm.getNote(selectedNoteID);
+             heading = _t('note.note') + ' ' + selectedNoteID;
+             location = note.loc;
+             geometry = 'note';
+           } else {
+             // selected 1..n entities
+             var selectedIDs = context.selectedIDs().filter(function (id) {
+               return context.hasEntity(id);
+             });
+             var selected = selectedIDs.map(function (id) {
+               return context.entity(id);
+             });
+             heading = selected.length === 1 ? selected[0].id : _t('info_panels.selected', {
+               n: selected.length
+             });
 
-               timeout(function() {
-                   reveal('.search-header input',
-                       helpString('intro.navigation.search_street', { name: _t('intro.graph.name.spring-street') })
-                   );
+             if (selected.length) {
+               var extent = geoExtent();
 
-                   context.container().select('.search-header input')
-                       .on('keyup.intro', checkSearchResult);
-               }, msec + 100);
-           }
+               for (var i in selected) {
+                 var entity = selected[i];
 
+                 extent._extend(entity.extent(graph));
 
-           function checkSearchResult() {
-               var first = context.container().select('.feature-list-item:nth-child(0n+2)');  // skip "No Results" item
-               var firstName = first.select('.entity-name');
-               var name = _t('intro.graph.name.spring-street');
+                 geometry = entity.geometry(graph);
 
-               if (!firstName.empty() && firstName.text() === name) {
-                   reveal(first.node(),
-                       helpString('intro.navigation.choose_street', { name: name }),
-                       { duration: 300 }
-                   );
+                 if (geometry === 'line' || geometry === 'area') {
+                   closed = entity.type === 'relation' || entity.isClosed() && !entity.isDegenerate();
+                   var feature = entity.asGeoJSON(graph);
+                   length += radiansToMeters(d3_geoLength(toLineString(feature)));
+                   centroid = d3_geoPath(context.projection).centroid(entity.asGeoJSON(graph));
+                   centroid = centroid && context.projection.invert(centroid);
 
-                   context.on('exit.intro', function() {
-                       continueTo(selectedStreet);
-                   });
+                   if (!centroid || !isFinite(centroid[0]) || !isFinite(centroid[1])) {
+                     centroid = entity.extent(graph).center();
+                   }
 
-                   context.container().select('.search-header input')
-                       .on('keydown.intro', eventCancel, true)
-                       .on('keyup.intro', null);
+                   if (closed) {
+                     area += steradiansToSqmeters(entity.area(graph));
+                   }
+                 }
                }
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.on('exit.intro', null);
-                   context.container().select('.search-header input')
-                       .on('keydown.intro', null)
-                       .on('keyup.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
+               if (selected.length > 1) {
+                 geometry = null;
+                 closed = null;
+                 centroid = null;
                }
-           }
-
 
-           function selectedStreet() {
-               if (!context.hasEntity(springStreetEndId) || !context.hasEntity(springStreetId)) {
-                   return searchStreet();
+               if (selected.length === 2 && selected[0].type === 'node' && selected[1].type === 'node') {
+                 distance = geoSphericalDistance(selected[0].loc, selected[1].loc);
                }
 
-               var onClick = function() { continueTo(editorStreet); };
-               var entity = context.entity(springStreetEndId);
-               var box = pointBox(entity.loc, context);
-               box.height = 500;
+               if (selected.length === 1 && selected[0].type === 'node') {
+                 location = selected[0].loc;
+               } else {
+                 totalNodeCount = utilGetAllNodes(selectedIDs, context.graph()).length;
+               }
 
-               reveal(box,
-                   helpString('intro.navigation.selected_street', { name: _t('intro.graph.name.spring-street') }),
-                   { duration: 600, buttonText: _t('intro.ok'), buttonCallback: onClick }
-               );
+               if (!location && !centroid) {
+                 center = extent.center();
+               }
+             }
+           }
 
-               timeout(function() {
-                   context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function() {
-                       var entity = context.hasEntity(springStreetEndId);
-                       if (!entity) return;
-                       var box = pointBox(entity.loc, context);
-                       box.height = 500;
-                       reveal(box,
-                           helpString('intro.navigation.selected_street', { name: _t('intro.graph.name.spring-street') }),
-                           { duration: 0, buttonText: _t('intro.ok'), buttonCallback: onClick }
-                       );
-                   });
-               }, 600);  // after reveal.
+           selection.html('');
 
-               context.on('enter.intro', function(mode) {
-                   if (!context.hasEntity(springStreetId)) {
-                       return continueTo(searchStreet);
-                   }
-                   var ids = context.selectedIDs();
-                   if (mode.id !== 'select' || !ids.length || ids[0] !== springStreetId) {
-                       // keep Spring Street selected..
-                       context.enter(modeSelect(context, [springStreetId]));
-                   }
-               });
+           if (heading) {
+             selection.append('h4').attr('class', 'measurement-heading').html(heading);
+           }
 
-               context.history().on('change.intro', function() {
-                   if (!context.hasEntity(springStreetEndId) || !context.hasEntity(springStreetId)) {
-                       timeout(function() {
-                           continueTo(searchStreet);
-                       }, 300);  // after any transition (e.g. if user deleted intersection)
-                   }
-               });
+           var list = selection.append('ul');
+           var coordItem;
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
-                   context.on('enter.intro', null);
-                   context.history().on('change.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
+           if (geometry) {
+             list.append('li').html(_t.html('info_panels.measurement.geometry') + ':').append('span').html(closed ? _t('info_panels.measurement.closed_' + geometry) : _t('geometry.' + geometry));
            }
 
+           if (totalNodeCount) {
+             list.append('li').html(_t.html('info_panels.measurement.node_count') + ':').append('span').html(totalNodeCount.toLocaleString(localeCode));
+           }
 
-           function editorStreet() {
-               var selector = '.entity-editor-pane button.close svg use';
-               var href = select(selector).attr('href') || '#iD-icon-close';
+           if (area) {
+             list.append('li').html(_t.html('info_panels.measurement.area') + ':').append('span').html(displayArea(area, _isImperial));
+           }
 
-               reveal('.entity-editor-pane', helpString('intro.navigation.street_different_fields') + '{br}' +
-                   helpString('intro.navigation.editor_street', {
-                       button: icon(href, 'pre-text'),
-                       field1: onewayField.label(),
-                       field2: maxspeedField.label()
-                   }));
+           if (length) {
+             list.append('li').html(_t.html('info_panels.measurement.' + (closed ? 'perimeter' : 'length')) + ':').append('span').html(displayLength(length, _isImperial));
+           }
 
-               context.on('exit.intro', function() {
-                   continueTo(play);
-               });
+           if (typeof distance === 'number') {
+             list.append('li').html(_t.html('info_panels.measurement.distance') + ':').append('span').html(displayLength(distance, _isImperial));
+           }
 
-               context.history().on('change.intro', function() {
-                   // update the close icon in the tooltip if the user edits something.
-                   var selector = '.entity-editor-pane button.close svg use';
-                   var href = select(selector).attr('href') || '#iD-icon-close';
-
-                   reveal('.entity-editor-pane', helpString('intro.navigation.street_different_fields') + '{br}' +
-                       helpString('intro.navigation.editor_street', {
-                           button: icon(href, 'pre-text'),
-                           field1: onewayField.label(),
-                           field2: maxspeedField.label()
-                       }), { duration: 0 }
-                   );
-               });
+           if (location) {
+             coordItem = list.append('li').html(_t.html('info_panels.measurement.location') + ':');
+             coordItem.append('span').html(dmsCoordinatePair(location));
+             coordItem.append('span').html(decimalCoordinatePair(location));
+           }
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.on('exit.intro', null);
-                   context.history().on('change.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
+           if (centroid) {
+             coordItem = list.append('li').html(_t.html('info_panels.measurement.centroid') + ':');
+             coordItem.append('span').html(dmsCoordinatePair(centroid));
+             coordItem.append('span').html(decimalCoordinatePair(centroid));
            }
 
+           if (center) {
+             coordItem = list.append('li').html(_t.html('info_panels.measurement.center') + ':');
+             coordItem.append('span').html(dmsCoordinatePair(center));
+             coordItem.append('span').html(decimalCoordinatePair(center));
+           }
 
-           function play() {
-               dispatch$1.call('done');
-               reveal('.ideditor',
-                   helpString('intro.navigation.play', { next: _t('intro.points.title') }), {
-                       tooltipBox: '.intro-nav-wrap .chapter-point',
-                       buttonText: _t('intro.ok'),
-                       buttonCallback: function() { reveal('.ideditor'); }
-                   }
-               );
+           if (length || area || typeof distance === 'number') {
+             var toggle = _isImperial ? 'imperial' : 'metric';
+             selection.append('a').html(_t.html('info_panels.measurement.' + toggle)).attr('href', '#').attr('class', 'button button-toggle-units').on('click', function (d3_event) {
+               d3_event.preventDefault();
+               _isImperial = !_isImperial;
+               selection.call(redraw);
+             });
            }
+         }
 
+         var panel = function panel(selection) {
+           selection.call(redraw);
+           context.map().on('drawn.info-measurement', function () {
+             selection.call(redraw);
+           });
+           context.on('enter.info-measurement', function () {
+             selection.call(redraw);
+           });
+         };
 
-           chapter.enter = function() {
-               dragMap();
-           };
+         panel.off = function () {
+           context.map().on('drawn.info-measurement', null);
+           context.on('enter.info-measurement', null);
+         };
 
+         panel.id = 'measurement';
+         panel.label = _t.html('info_panels.measurement.title');
+         panel.key = _t('info_panels.measurement.key');
+         return panel;
+       }
 
-           chapter.exit = function() {
-               timeouts.forEach(window.clearTimeout);
-               context.on('enter.intro exit.intro', null);
-               context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
-               context.history().on('change.intro', null);
-               context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', null);
-               context.container().select('.search-header input').on('keydown.intro keyup.intro', null);
-           };
+       var uiInfoPanels = {
+         background: uiPanelBackground,
+         history: uiPanelHistory,
+         location: uiPanelLocation,
+         measurement: uiPanelMeasurement
+       };
 
+       function uiInfo(context) {
+         var ids = Object.keys(uiInfoPanels);
+         var wasActive = ['measurement'];
+         var panels = {};
+         var active = {}; // create panels
 
-           chapter.restart = function() {
-               chapter.exit();
-               chapter.enter();
-           };
+         ids.forEach(function (k) {
+           if (!panels[k]) {
+             panels[k] = uiInfoPanels[k](context);
+             active[k] = false;
+           }
+         });
+
+         function info(selection) {
+           function redraw() {
+             var activeids = ids.filter(function (k) {
+               return active[k];
+             }).sort();
+             var containers = infoPanels.selectAll('.panel-container').data(activeids, function (k) {
+               return k;
+             });
+             containers.exit().style('opacity', 1).transition().duration(200).style('opacity', 0).on('end', function (d) {
+               select(this).call(panels[d].off).remove();
+             });
+             var enter = containers.enter().append('div').attr('class', function (d) {
+               return 'fillD2 panel-container panel-container-' + d;
+             });
+             enter.style('opacity', 0).transition().duration(200).style('opacity', 1);
+             var title = enter.append('div').attr('class', 'panel-title fillD2');
+             title.append('h3').html(function (d) {
+               return panels[d].label;
+             });
+             title.append('button').attr('class', 'close').on('click', function (d3_event, d) {
+               d3_event.stopImmediatePropagation();
+               d3_event.preventDefault();
+               info.toggle(d);
+             }).call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-close'));
+             enter.append('div').attr('class', function (d) {
+               return 'panel-content panel-content-' + d;
+             }); // redraw the panels
+
+             infoPanels.selectAll('.panel-content').each(function (d) {
+               select(this).call(panels[d]);
+             });
+           }
 
+           info.toggle = function (which) {
+             var activeids = ids.filter(function (k) {
+               return active[k];
+             });
 
-           return utilRebind(chapter, dispatch$1, 'on');
-       }
+             if (which) {
+               // toggle one
+               active[which] = !active[which];
 
-       function uiIntroPoint(context, reveal) {
-           var dispatch$1 = dispatch('done');
-           var timeouts = [];
-           var intersection = [-85.63279, 41.94394];
-           var building = [-85.632422, 41.944045];
-           var cafePreset = _mainPresetIndex.item('amenity/cafe');
-           var _pointID = null;
+               if (activeids.length === 1 && activeids[0] === which) {
+                 // none active anymore
+                 wasActive = [which];
+               }
 
+               context.container().select('.' + which + '-panel-toggle-item').classed('active', active[which]).select('input').property('checked', active[which]);
+             } else {
+               // toggle all
+               if (activeids.length) {
+                 wasActive = activeids;
+                 activeids.forEach(function (k) {
+                   active[k] = false;
+                 });
+               } else {
+                 wasActive.forEach(function (k) {
+                   active[k] = true;
+                 });
+               }
+             }
 
-           var chapter = {
-               title: 'intro.points.title'
+             redraw();
            };
 
+           var infoPanels = selection.selectAll('.info-panels').data([0]);
+           infoPanels = infoPanels.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'info-panels').merge(infoPanels);
+           redraw();
+           context.keybinding().on(uiCmd('⌘' + _t('info_panels.key')), function (d3_event) {
+             d3_event.stopImmediatePropagation();
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             info.toggle();
+           });
+           ids.forEach(function (k) {
+             var key = _t('info_panels.' + k + '.key', {
+               "default": null
+             });
+             if (!key) return;
+             context.keybinding().on(uiCmd('⌘⇧' + key), function (d3_event) {
+               d3_event.stopImmediatePropagation();
+               d3_event.preventDefault();
+               info.toggle(k);
+             });
+           });
+         }
+
+         return info;
+       }
 
-           function timeout(f, t) {
-               timeouts.push(window.setTimeout(f, t));
-           }
+       function pointBox(loc, context) {
+         var rect = context.surfaceRect();
+         var point = context.curtainProjection(loc);
+         return {
+           left: point[0] + rect.left - 40,
+           top: point[1] + rect.top - 60,
+           width: 80,
+           height: 90
+         };
+       }
+       function pad(locOrBox, padding, context) {
+         var box;
 
+         if (locOrBox instanceof Array) {
+           var rect = context.surfaceRect();
+           var point = context.curtainProjection(locOrBox);
+           box = {
+             left: point[0] + rect.left,
+             top: point[1] + rect.top
+           };
+         } else {
+           box = locOrBox;
+         }
 
-           function eventCancel() {
-               event.stopPropagation();
-               event.preventDefault();
-           }
+         return {
+           left: box.left - padding,
+           top: box.top - padding,
+           width: (box.width || 0) + 2 * padding,
+           height: (box.width || 0) + 2 * padding
+         };
+       }
+       function icon(name, svgklass, useklass) {
+         return '<svg class="icon ' + (svgklass || '') + '">' + '<use xlink:href="' + name + '"' + (useklass ? ' class="' + useklass + '"' : '') + '></use></svg>';
+       }
+       var helpStringReplacements; // Returns the localized HTML element for `id` with a standardized set of icon, key, and
+       // label replacements suitable for tutorials and documentation. Optionally supplemented
+       // with custom `replacements`
 
+       function helpHtml(id, replacements) {
+         // only load these the first time
+         if (!helpStringReplacements) {
+           helpStringReplacements = {
+             // insert icons corresponding to various UI elements
+             point_icon: icon('#iD-icon-point', 'inline'),
+             line_icon: icon('#iD-icon-line', 'inline'),
+             area_icon: icon('#iD-icon-area', 'inline'),
+             note_icon: icon('#iD-icon-note', 'inline add-note'),
+             plus: icon('#iD-icon-plus', 'inline'),
+             minus: icon('#iD-icon-minus', 'inline'),
+             layers_icon: icon('#iD-icon-layers', 'inline'),
+             data_icon: icon('#iD-icon-data', 'inline'),
+             inspect: icon('#iD-icon-inspect', 'inline'),
+             help_icon: icon('#iD-icon-help', 'inline'),
+             undo_icon: icon(_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl' ? '#iD-icon-redo' : '#iD-icon-undo', 'inline'),
+             redo_icon: icon(_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl' ? '#iD-icon-undo' : '#iD-icon-redo', 'inline'),
+             save_icon: icon('#iD-icon-save', 'inline'),
+             // operation icons
+             circularize_icon: icon('#iD-operation-circularize', 'inline operation'),
+             continue_icon: icon('#iD-operation-continue', 'inline operation'),
+             copy_icon: icon('#iD-operation-copy', 'inline operation'),
+             delete_icon: icon('#iD-operation-delete', 'inline operation'),
+             disconnect_icon: icon('#iD-operation-disconnect', 'inline operation'),
+             downgrade_icon: icon('#iD-operation-downgrade', 'inline operation'),
+             extract_icon: icon('#iD-operation-extract', 'inline operation'),
+             merge_icon: icon('#iD-operation-merge', 'inline operation'),
+             move_icon: icon('#iD-operation-move', 'inline operation'),
+             orthogonalize_icon: icon('#iD-operation-orthogonalize', 'inline operation'),
+             paste_icon: icon('#iD-operation-paste', 'inline operation'),
+             reflect_long_icon: icon('#iD-operation-reflect-long', 'inline operation'),
+             reflect_short_icon: icon('#iD-operation-reflect-short', 'inline operation'),
+             reverse_icon: icon('#iD-operation-reverse', 'inline operation'),
+             rotate_icon: icon('#iD-operation-rotate', 'inline operation'),
+             split_icon: icon('#iD-operation-split', 'inline operation'),
+             straighten_icon: icon('#iD-operation-straighten', 'inline operation'),
+             // interaction icons
+             leftclick: icon('#iD-walkthrough-mouse-left', 'inline operation'),
+             rightclick: icon('#iD-walkthrough-mouse-right', 'inline operation'),
+             mousewheel_icon: icon('#iD-walkthrough-mousewheel', 'inline operation'),
+             tap_icon: icon('#iD-walkthrough-tap', 'inline operation'),
+             doubletap_icon: icon('#iD-walkthrough-doubletap', 'inline operation'),
+             longpress_icon: icon('#iD-walkthrough-longpress', 'inline operation'),
+             touchdrag_icon: icon('#iD-walkthrough-touchdrag', 'inline operation'),
+             pinch_icon: icon('#iD-walkthrough-pinch-apart', 'inline operation'),
+             // insert keys; may be localized and platform-dependent
+             shift: uiCmd.display('⇧'),
+             alt: uiCmd.display('⌥'),
+             "return": uiCmd.display('↵'),
+             esc: _t.html('shortcuts.key.esc'),
+             space: _t.html('shortcuts.key.space'),
+             add_note_key: _t.html('modes.add_note.key'),
+             help_key: _t.html('help.key'),
+             shortcuts_key: _t.html('shortcuts.toggle.key'),
+             // reference localized UI labels directly so that they'll always match
+             save: _t.html('save.title'),
+             undo: _t.html('undo.title'),
+             redo: _t.html('redo.title'),
+             upload: _t.html('commit.save'),
+             point: _t.html('modes.add_point.title'),
+             line: _t.html('modes.add_line.title'),
+             area: _t.html('modes.add_area.title'),
+             note: _t.html('modes.add_note.label'),
+             circularize: _t.html('operations.circularize.title'),
+             "continue": _t.html('operations.continue.title'),
+             copy: _t.html('operations.copy.title'),
+             "delete": _t.html('operations.delete.title'),
+             disconnect: _t.html('operations.disconnect.title'),
+             downgrade: _t.html('operations.downgrade.title'),
+             extract: _t.html('operations.extract.title'),
+             merge: _t.html('operations.merge.title'),
+             move: _t.html('operations.move.title'),
+             orthogonalize: _t.html('operations.orthogonalize.title'),
+             paste: _t.html('operations.paste.title'),
+             reflect_long: _t.html('operations.reflect.title.long'),
+             reflect_short: _t.html('operations.reflect.title.short'),
+             reverse: _t.html('operations.reverse.title'),
+             rotate: _t.html('operations.rotate.title'),
+             split: _t.html('operations.split.title'),
+             straighten: _t.html('operations.straighten.title'),
+             map_data: _t.html('map_data.title'),
+             osm_notes: _t.html('map_data.layers.notes.title'),
+             fields: _t.html('inspector.fields'),
+             tags: _t.html('inspector.tags'),
+             relations: _t.html('inspector.relations'),
+             new_relation: _t.html('inspector.new_relation'),
+             turn_restrictions: _t.html('_tagging.presets.fields.restrictions.label'),
+             background_settings: _t.html('background.description'),
+             imagery_offset: _t.html('background.fix_misalignment'),
+             start_the_walkthrough: _t.html('splash.walkthrough'),
+             help: _t.html('help.title'),
+             ok: _t.html('intro.ok')
+           };
+         }
+
+         var reps;
+
+         if (replacements) {
+           reps = Object.assign(replacements, helpStringReplacements);
+         } else {
+           reps = helpStringReplacements;
+         }
 
-           function addPoint() {
-               context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
-               context.history().reset('initial');
+         return _t.html(id, reps) // use keyboard key styling for shortcuts
+         .replace(/\`(.*?)\`/g, '<kbd>$1</kbd>');
+       }
 
-               var msec = transitionTime(intersection, context.map().center());
-               if (msec) { reveal(null, null, { duration: 0 }); }
-               context.map().centerZoomEase(intersection, 19, msec);
+       function slugify(text) {
+         return text.toString().toLowerCase().replace(/\s+/g, '-') // Replace spaces with -
+         .replace(/[^\w\-]+/g, '') // Remove all non-word chars
+         .replace(/\-\-+/g, '-') // Replace multiple - with single -
+         .replace(/^-+/, '') // Trim - from start of text
+         .replace(/-+$/, ''); // Trim - from end of text
+       } // console warning for missing walkthrough names
 
-               timeout(function() {
-                   var tooltip = reveal('button.add-point',
-                       helpString('intro.points.points_info') + '{br}' + helpString('intro.points.add_point'));
 
-                   _pointID = null;
+       var missingStrings = {};
 
-                   tooltip.selectAll('.popover-inner')
-                       .insert('svg', 'span')
-                       .attr('class', 'tooltip-illustration')
-                       .append('use')
-                       .attr('xlink:href', '#iD-graphic-points');
+       function checkKey(key, text) {
+         if (_t(key, {
+           "default": undefined
+         }) === undefined) {
+           if (missingStrings.hasOwnProperty(key)) return; // warn once
 
-                   context.on('enter.intro', function(mode) {
-                       if (mode.id !== 'add-point') return;
-                       continueTo(placePoint);
-                   });
-               }, msec + 100);
+           missingStrings[key] = text;
+           var missing = key + ': ' + text;
+           if (typeof console !== 'undefined') console.log(missing); // eslint-disable-line
+         }
+       }
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.on('enter.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
-           }
+       function localize(obj) {
+         var key; // Assign name if entity has one..
 
+         var name = obj.tags && obj.tags.name;
 
-           function placePoint() {
-               if (context.mode().id !== 'add-point') {
-                   return chapter.restart();
-               }
+         if (name) {
+           key = 'intro.graph.name.' + slugify(name);
+           obj.tags.name = _t(key, {
+             "default": name
+           });
+           checkKey(key, name);
+         } // Assign street name if entity has one..
 
-               var pointBox = pad(building, 150, context);
-               var textId = context.lastPointerType() === 'mouse' ? 'place_point' : 'place_point_touch';
-               reveal(pointBox, helpString('intro.points.' + textId));
 
-               context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function() {
-                   pointBox = pad(building, 150, context);
-                   reveal(pointBox, helpString('intro.points.' + textId), { duration: 0 });
-               });
+         var street = obj.tags && obj.tags['addr:street'];
 
-               context.on('enter.intro', function(mode) {
-                   if (mode.id !== 'select') return chapter.restart();
-                   _pointID = context.mode().selectedIDs()[0];
-                   continueTo(searchPreset);
-               });
+         if (street) {
+           key = 'intro.graph.name.' + slugify(street);
+           obj.tags['addr:street'] = _t(key, {
+             "default": street
+           });
+           checkKey(key, street); // Add address details common across walkthrough..
+
+           var addrTags = ['block_number', 'city', 'county', 'district', 'hamlet', 'neighbourhood', 'postcode', 'province', 'quarter', 'state', 'subdistrict', 'suburb'];
+           addrTags.forEach(function (k) {
+             var key = 'intro.graph.' + k;
+             var tag = 'addr:' + k;
+             var val = obj.tags && obj.tags[tag];
+             var str = _t(key, {
+               "default": val
+             });
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
-                   context.on('enter.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
+             if (str) {
+               if (str.match(/^<.*>$/) !== null) {
+                 delete obj.tags[tag];
+               } else {
+                 obj.tags[tag] = str;
                }
-           }
+             }
+           });
+         }
 
+         return obj;
+       } // Used to detect squareness.. some duplicataion of code from actionOrthogonalize.
 
-           function searchPreset() {
-               if (context.mode().id !== 'select' || !_pointID || !context.hasEntity(_pointID)) {
-                   return addPoint();
-               }
+       function isMostlySquare(points) {
+         // note: uses 15 here instead of the 12 from actionOrthogonalize because
+         // actionOrthogonalize can actually straighten some larger angles as it iterates
+         var threshold = 15; // degrees within right or straight
 
-               // disallow scrolling
-               context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', eventCancel);
+         var lowerBound = Math.cos((90 - threshold) * Math.PI / 180); // near right
 
-               context.container().select('.preset-search-input')
-                   .on('keydown.intro', null)
-                   .on('keyup.intro', checkPresetSearch);
+         var upperBound = Math.cos(threshold * Math.PI / 180); // near straight
 
-               reveal('.preset-search-input',
-                   helpString('intro.points.search_cafe', { preset: cafePreset.name() })
-               );
+         for (var i = 0; i < points.length; i++) {
+           var a = points[(i - 1 + points.length) % points.length];
+           var origin = points[i];
+           var b = points[(i + 1) % points.length];
+           var dotp = geoVecNormalizedDot(a, b, origin);
+           var mag = Math.abs(dotp);
 
-               context.on('enter.intro', function(mode) {
-                   if (!_pointID || !context.hasEntity(_pointID)) {
-                       return continueTo(addPoint);
-                   }
+           if (mag > lowerBound && mag < upperBound) {
+             return false;
+           }
+         }
 
-                   var ids = context.selectedIDs();
-                   if (mode.id !== 'select' || !ids.length || ids[0] !== _pointID) {
-                       // keep the user's point selected..
-                       context.enter(modeSelect(context, [_pointID]));
+         return true;
+       }
+       function selectMenuItem(context, operation) {
+         return context.container().select('.edit-menu .edit-menu-item-' + operation);
+       }
+       function transitionTime(point1, point2) {
+         var distance = geoSphericalDistance(point1, point2);
 
-                       // disallow scrolling
-                       context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', eventCancel);
+         if (distance === 0) {
+           return 0;
+         } else if (distance < 80) {
+           return 500;
+         } else {
+           return 1000;
+         }
+       }
 
-                       context.container().select('.preset-search-input')
-                           .on('keydown.intro', null)
-                           .on('keyup.intro', checkPresetSearch);
+       // hide class, which sets display=none, and a d3 transition for opacity.
+       // this will cause blinking when called repeatedly, so check that the
+       // value actually changes between calls.
 
-                       reveal('.preset-search-input',
-                           helpString('intro.points.search_cafe', { preset: cafePreset.name() })
-                       );
+       function uiToggle(show, callback) {
+         return function (selection) {
+           selection.style('opacity', show ? 0 : 1).classed('hide', false).transition().style('opacity', show ? 1 : 0).on('end', function () {
+             select(this).classed('hide', !show).style('opacity', null);
+             if (callback) callback.apply(this);
+           });
+         };
+       }
 
-                       context.history().on('change.intro', null);
-                   }
-               });
+       function uiCurtain(containerNode) {
+         var surface = select(null),
+             tooltip = select(null),
+             darkness = select(null);
 
+         function curtain(selection) {
+           surface = selection.append('svg').attr('class', 'curtain').style('top', 0).style('left', 0);
+           darkness = surface.append('path').attr('x', 0).attr('y', 0).attr('class', 'curtain-darkness');
+           select(window).on('resize.curtain', resize);
+           tooltip = selection.append('div').attr('class', 'tooltip');
+           tooltip.append('div').attr('class', 'popover-arrow');
+           tooltip.append('div').attr('class', 'popover-inner');
+           resize();
 
-               function checkPresetSearch() {
-                   var first = context.container().select('.preset-list-item:first-child');
+           function resize() {
+             surface.attr('width', containerNode.clientWidth).attr('height', containerNode.clientHeight);
+             curtain.cut(darkness.datum());
+           }
+         }
+         /**
+          * Reveal cuts the curtain to highlight the given box,
+          * and shows a tooltip with instructions next to the box.
+          *
+          * @param  {String|ClientRect} [box]   box used to cut the curtain
+          * @param  {String}    [text]          text for a tooltip
+          * @param  {Object}    [options]
+          * @param  {string}    [options.tooltipClass]    optional class to add to the tooltip
+          * @param  {integer}   [options.duration]        transition time in milliseconds
+          * @param  {string}    [options.buttonText]      if set, create a button with this text label
+          * @param  {function}  [options.buttonCallback]  if set, the callback for the button
+          * @param  {function}  [options.padding]         extra margin in px to put around bbox
+          * @param  {String|ClientRect} [options.tooltipBox]  box for tooltip position, if different from box for the curtain
+          */
 
-                   if (first.classed('preset-amenity-cafe')) {
-                       context.container().select('.preset-search-input')
-                           .on('keydown.intro', eventCancel, true)
-                           .on('keyup.intro', null);
 
-                       reveal(first.select('.preset-list-button').node(),
-                           helpString('intro.points.choose_cafe', { preset: cafePreset.name() }),
-                           { duration: 300 }
-                       );
+         curtain.reveal = function (box, html, options) {
+           options = options || {};
 
-                       context.history().on('change.intro', function() {
-                           continueTo(aboutFeatureEditor);
-                       });
-                   }
-               }
+           if (typeof box === 'string') {
+             box = select(box).node();
+           }
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.on('enter.intro', null);
-                   context.history().on('change.intro', null);
-                   context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', null);
-                   context.container().select('.preset-search-input').on('keydown.intro keyup.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
+           if (box && box.getBoundingClientRect) {
+             box = copyBox(box.getBoundingClientRect());
+             var containerRect = containerNode.getBoundingClientRect();
+             box.top -= containerRect.top;
+             box.left -= containerRect.left;
            }
 
+           if (box && options.padding) {
+             box.top -= options.padding;
+             box.left -= options.padding;
+             box.bottom += options.padding;
+             box.right += options.padding;
+             box.height += options.padding * 2;
+             box.width += options.padding * 2;
+           }
 
-           function aboutFeatureEditor() {
-               if (context.mode().id !== 'select' || !_pointID || !context.hasEntity(_pointID)) {
-                   return addPoint();
-               }
+           var tooltipBox;
 
-               timeout(function() {
-                   reveal('.entity-editor-pane', helpString('intro.points.feature_editor'), {
-                       tooltipClass: 'intro-points-describe',
-                       buttonText: _t('intro.ok'),
-                       buttonCallback: function() { continueTo(addName); }
-                   });
-               }, 400);
+           if (options.tooltipBox) {
+             tooltipBox = options.tooltipBox;
 
-               context.on('exit.intro', function() {
-                   // if user leaves select mode here, just continue with the tutorial.
-                   continueTo(reselectPoint);
-               });
+             if (typeof tooltipBox === 'string') {
+               tooltipBox = select(tooltipBox).node();
+             }
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.on('exit.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
+             if (tooltipBox && tooltipBox.getBoundingClientRect) {
+               tooltipBox = copyBox(tooltipBox.getBoundingClientRect());
+             }
+           } else {
+             tooltipBox = box;
            }
 
+           if (tooltipBox && html) {
+             if (html.indexOf('**') !== -1) {
+               if (html.indexOf('<span') === 0) {
+                 html = html.replace(/^(<span.*?>)(.+?)(\*\*)/, '$1<span>$2</span>$3');
+               } else {
+                 html = html.replace(/^(.+?)(\*\*)/, '<span>$1</span>$2');
+               } // pseudo markdown bold text for the instruction section..
 
-           function addName() {
-               if (context.mode().id !== 'select' || !_pointID || !context.hasEntity(_pointID)) {
-                   return addPoint();
-               }
 
-               // reset pane, in case user happened to change it..
-               context.container().select('.inspector-wrap .panewrap').style('right', '0%');
+               html = html.replace(/\*\*(.*?)\*\*/g, '<span class="instruction">$1</span>');
+             }
 
-               var addNameString = helpString('intro.points.fields_info') + '{br}' + helpString('intro.points.add_name');
+             html = html.replace(/\*(.*?)\*/g, '<em>$1</em>'); // emphasis
 
-               timeout(function() {
-                   // It's possible for the user to add a name in a previous step..
-                   // If so, don't tell them to add the name in this step.
-                   // Give them an OK button instead.
-                   var entity = context.entity(_pointID);
-                   if (entity.tags.name) {
-                       var tooltip = reveal('.entity-editor-pane', addNameString, {
-                           tooltipClass: 'intro-points-describe',
-                           buttonText: _t('intro.ok'),
-                           buttonCallback: function() { continueTo(addCloseEditor); }
-                       });
-                       tooltip.select('.instruction').style('display', 'none');
+             html = html.replace(/\{br\}/g, '<br/><br/>'); // linebreak
 
-                   } else {
-                       reveal('.entity-editor-pane', addNameString,
-                           { tooltipClass: 'intro-points-describe' }
-                       );
-                   }
-               }, 400);
+             if (options.buttonText && options.buttonCallback) {
+               html += '<div class="button-section">' + '<button href="#" class="button action">' + options.buttonText + '</button></div>';
+             }
 
-               context.history().on('change.intro', function() {
-                   continueTo(addCloseEditor);
-               });
+             var classes = 'curtain-tooltip popover tooltip arrowed in ' + (options.tooltipClass || '');
+             tooltip.classed(classes, true).selectAll('.popover-inner').html(html);
 
-               context.on('exit.intro', function() {
-                   // if user leaves select mode here, just continue with the tutorial.
-                   continueTo(reselectPoint);
+             if (options.buttonText && options.buttonCallback) {
+               var button = tooltip.selectAll('.button-section .button.action');
+               button.on('click', function (d3_event) {
+                 d3_event.preventDefault();
+                 options.buttonCallback();
                });
+             }
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.on('exit.intro', null);
-                   context.history().on('change.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
-           }
+             var tip = copyBox(tooltip.node().getBoundingClientRect()),
+                 w = containerNode.clientWidth,
+                 h = containerNode.clientHeight,
+                 tooltipWidth = 200,
+                 tooltipArrow = 5,
+                 side,
+                 pos; // hack: this will have bottom placement,
+             // so need to reserve extra space for the tooltip illustration.
+
+             if (options.tooltipClass === 'intro-mouse') {
+               tip.height += 80;
+             } // trim box dimensions to just the portion that fits in the container..
 
 
-           function addCloseEditor() {
-               // reset pane, in case user happened to change it..
-               context.container().select('.inspector-wrap .panewrap').style('right', '0%');
+             if (tooltipBox.top + tooltipBox.height > h) {
+               tooltipBox.height -= tooltipBox.top + tooltipBox.height - h;
+             }
 
-               var selector = '.entity-editor-pane button.close svg use';
-               var href = select(selector).attr('href') || '#iD-icon-close';
+             if (tooltipBox.left + tooltipBox.width > w) {
+               tooltipBox.width -= tooltipBox.left + tooltipBox.width - w;
+             } // determine tooltip placement..
 
-               context.on('exit.intro', function() {
-                   continueTo(reselectPoint);
-               });
 
-               reveal('.entity-editor-pane',
-                   helpString('intro.points.add_close', { button: icon(href, 'pre-text') })
-               );
+             if (tooltipBox.top + tooltipBox.height < 100) {
+               // tooltip below box..
+               side = 'bottom';
+               pos = [tooltipBox.left + tooltipBox.width / 2 - tip.width / 2, tooltipBox.top + tooltipBox.height];
+             } else if (tooltipBox.top > h - 140) {
+               // tooltip above box..
+               side = 'top';
+               pos = [tooltipBox.left + tooltipBox.width / 2 - tip.width / 2, tooltipBox.top - tip.height];
+             } else {
+               // tooltip to the side of the tooltipBox..
+               var tipY = tooltipBox.top + tooltipBox.height / 2 - tip.height / 2;
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.on('exit.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
+               if (_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl') {
+                 if (tooltipBox.left - tooltipWidth - tooltipArrow < 70) {
+                   side = 'right';
+                   pos = [tooltipBox.left + tooltipBox.width + tooltipArrow, tipY];
+                 } else {
+                   side = 'left';
+                   pos = [tooltipBox.left - tooltipWidth - tooltipArrow, tipY];
+                 }
+               } else {
+                 if (tooltipBox.left + tooltipBox.width + tooltipArrow + tooltipWidth > w - 70) {
+                   side = 'left';
+                   pos = [tooltipBox.left - tooltipWidth - tooltipArrow, tipY];
+                 } else {
+                   side = 'right';
+                   pos = [tooltipBox.left + tooltipBox.width + tooltipArrow, tipY];
+                 }
                }
-           }
+             }
 
+             if (options.duration !== 0 || !tooltip.classed(side)) {
+               tooltip.call(uiToggle(true));
+             }
 
-           function reselectPoint() {
-               if (!_pointID) return chapter.restart();
-               var entity = context.hasEntity(_pointID);
-               if (!entity) return chapter.restart();
+             tooltip.style('top', pos[1] + 'px').style('left', pos[0] + 'px').attr('class', classes + ' ' + side); // shift popover-inner if it is very close to the top or bottom edge
+             // (doesn't affect the placement of the popover-arrow)
 
-               // make sure it's still a cafe, in case user somehow changed it..
-               var oldPreset = _mainPresetIndex.match(entity, context.graph());
-               context.replace(actionChangePreset(_pointID, oldPreset, cafePreset));
+             var shiftY = 0;
 
-               context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+             if (side === 'left' || side === 'right') {
+               if (pos[1] < 60) {
+                 shiftY = 60 - pos[1];
+               } else if (pos[1] + tip.height > h - 100) {
+                 shiftY = h - pos[1] - tip.height - 100;
+               }
+             }
 
-               var msec = transitionTime(entity.loc, context.map().center());
-               if (msec) { reveal(null, null, { duration: 0 }); }
-               context.map().centerEase(entity.loc, msec);
+             tooltip.selectAll('.popover-inner').style('top', shiftY + 'px');
+           } else {
+             tooltip.classed('in', false).call(uiToggle(false));
+           }
 
-               timeout(function() {
-                   var box = pointBox(entity.loc, context);
-                   reveal(box, helpString('intro.points.reselect'), { duration: 600 });
+           curtain.cut(box, options.duration);
+           return tooltip;
+         };
 
-                   timeout(function() {
-                       context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function() {
-                           var entity = context.hasEntity(_pointID);
-                           if (!entity) return chapter.restart();
-                           var box = pointBox(entity.loc, context);
-                           reveal(box, helpString('intro.points.reselect'), { duration: 0 });
-                       });
-                   }, 600); // after reveal..
+         curtain.cut = function (datum, duration) {
+           darkness.datum(datum).interrupt();
+           var selection;
 
-                   context.on('enter.intro', function(mode) {
-                       if (mode.id !== 'select') return;
-                       continueTo(updatePoint);
-                   });
+           if (duration === 0) {
+             selection = darkness;
+           } else {
+             selection = darkness.transition().duration(duration || 600).ease(linear$1);
+           }
 
-               }, msec + 100);
+           selection.attr('d', function (d) {
+             var containerWidth = containerNode.clientWidth;
+             var containerHeight = containerNode.clientHeight;
+             var string = 'M 0,0 L 0,' + containerHeight + ' L ' + containerWidth + ',' + containerHeight + 'L' + containerWidth + ',0 Z';
+             if (!d) return string;
+             return string + 'M' + d.left + ',' + d.top + 'L' + d.left + ',' + (d.top + d.height) + 'L' + (d.left + d.width) + ',' + (d.top + d.height) + 'L' + (d.left + d.width) + ',' + d.top + 'Z';
+           });
+         };
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
-                   context.on('enter.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
-           }
+         curtain.remove = function () {
+           surface.remove();
+           tooltip.remove();
+           select(window).on('resize.curtain', null);
+         }; // ClientRects are immutable, so copy them to an object,
+         // in case we need to trim the height/width.
 
 
-           function updatePoint() {
-               if (context.mode().id !== 'select' || !_pointID || !context.hasEntity(_pointID)) {
-                   return continueTo(reselectPoint);
-               }
+         function copyBox(src) {
+           return {
+             top: src.top,
+             right: src.right,
+             bottom: src.bottom,
+             left: src.left,
+             width: src.width,
+             height: src.height
+           };
+         }
 
-               // reset pane, in case user happened to untag the point..
-               context.container().select('.inspector-wrap .panewrap').style('right', '0%');
+         return curtain;
+       }
 
-               context.on('exit.intro', function() {
-                   continueTo(reselectPoint);
-               });
+       function uiIntroWelcome(context, reveal) {
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('done');
+         var chapter = {
+           title: 'intro.welcome.title'
+         };
 
-               context.history().on('change.intro', function() {
-                   continueTo(updateCloseEditor);
-               });
+         function welcome() {
+           context.map().centerZoom([-85.63591, 41.94285], 19);
+           reveal('.intro-nav-wrap .chapter-welcome', helpHtml('intro.welcome.welcome'), {
+             buttonText: _t.html('intro.ok'),
+             buttonCallback: practice
+           });
+         }
 
-               timeout(function() {
-                   reveal('.entity-editor-pane', helpString('intro.points.update'),
-                       { tooltipClass: 'intro-points-describe' }
-                   );
-               }, 400);
+         function practice() {
+           reveal('.intro-nav-wrap .chapter-welcome', helpHtml('intro.welcome.practice'), {
+             buttonText: _t.html('intro.ok'),
+             buttonCallback: words
+           });
+         }
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.on('exit.intro', null);
-                   context.history().on('change.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
-           }
+         function words() {
+           reveal('.intro-nav-wrap .chapter-welcome', helpHtml('intro.welcome.words'), {
+             buttonText: _t.html('intro.ok'),
+             buttonCallback: chapters
+           });
+         }
 
+         function chapters() {
+           dispatch.call('done');
+           reveal('.intro-nav-wrap .chapter-navigation', helpHtml('intro.welcome.chapters', {
+             next: _t('intro.navigation.title')
+           }));
+         }
 
-           function updateCloseEditor() {
-               if (context.mode().id !== 'select' || !_pointID || !context.hasEntity(_pointID)) {
-                   return continueTo(reselectPoint);
-               }
+         chapter.enter = function () {
+           welcome();
+         };
 
-               // reset pane, in case user happened to change it..
-               context.container().select('.inspector-wrap .panewrap').style('right', '0%');
+         chapter.exit = function () {
+           context.container().select('.curtain-tooltip.intro-mouse').selectAll('.counter').remove();
+         };
 
-               context.on('exit.intro', function() {
-                   continueTo(rightClickPoint);
-               });
+         chapter.restart = function () {
+           chapter.exit();
+           chapter.enter();
+         };
 
-               timeout(function() {
-                   reveal('.entity-editor-pane',
-                       helpString('intro.points.update_close', { button: icon('#iD-icon-close', 'pre-text') })
-                   );
-               }, 500);
+         return utilRebind(chapter, dispatch, 'on');
+       }
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.on('exit.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
-           }
+       function uiIntroNavigation(context, reveal) {
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('done');
+         var timeouts = [];
+         var hallId = 'n2061';
+         var townHall = [-85.63591, 41.94285];
+         var springStreetId = 'w397';
+         var springStreetEndId = 'n1834';
+         var springStreet = [-85.63582, 41.94255];
+         var onewayField = _mainPresetIndex.field('oneway');
+         var maxspeedField = _mainPresetIndex.field('maxspeed');
+         var chapter = {
+           title: 'intro.navigation.title'
+         };
 
+         function timeout(f, t) {
+           timeouts.push(window.setTimeout(f, t));
+         }
 
-           function rightClickPoint() {
-               if (!_pointID) return chapter.restart();
-               var entity = context.hasEntity(_pointID);
-               if (!entity) return chapter.restart();
+         function eventCancel(d3_event) {
+           d3_event.stopPropagation();
+           d3_event.preventDefault();
+         }
 
-               context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+         function isTownHallSelected() {
+           var ids = context.selectedIDs();
+           return ids.length === 1 && ids[0] === hallId;
+         }
 
-               var box = pointBox(entity.loc, context);
-               var textId = context.lastPointerType() === 'mouse' ? 'rightclick' : 'edit_menu_touch';
-               reveal(box, helpString('intro.points.' + textId), { duration: 600 });
-
-               timeout(function() {
-                   context.map().on('move.intro', function() {
-                       var entity = context.hasEntity(_pointID);
-                       if (!entity) return chapter.restart();
-                       var box = pointBox(entity.loc, context);
-                       reveal(box, helpString('intro.points.' + textId), { duration: 0 });
-                   });
-               }, 600); // after reveal
-
-               context.on('enter.intro', function(mode) {
-                   if (mode.id !== 'select') return;
-                   var ids = context.selectedIDs();
-                   if (ids.length !== 1 || ids[0] !== _pointID) return;
-
-                   timeout(function() {
-                       var node = selectMenuItem(context, 'delete').node();
-                       if (!node) return;
-                       continueTo(enterDelete);
-                   }, 50);  // after menu visible
+         function dragMap() {
+           context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+           context.history().reset('initial');
+           var msec = transitionTime(townHall, context.map().center());
+
+           if (msec) {
+             reveal(null, null, {
+               duration: 0
+             });
+           }
+
+           context.map().centerZoomEase(townHall, 19, msec);
+           timeout(function () {
+             var centerStart = context.map().center();
+             var textId = context.lastPointerType() === 'mouse' ? 'drag' : 'drag_touch';
+             var dragString = helpHtml('intro.navigation.map_info') + '{br}' + helpHtml('intro.navigation.' + textId);
+             reveal('.surface', dragString);
+             context.map().on('drawn.intro', function () {
+               reveal('.surface', dragString, {
+                 duration: 0
                });
+             });
+             context.map().on('move.intro', function () {
+               var centerNow = context.map().center();
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.on('enter.intro', null);
-                   context.map().on('move.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
+               if (centerStart[0] !== centerNow[0] || centerStart[1] !== centerNow[1]) {
+                 context.map().on('move.intro', null);
+                 timeout(function () {
+                   continueTo(zoomMap);
+                 }, 3000);
                }
+             });
+           }, msec + 100);
+
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
            }
+         }
 
+         function zoomMap() {
+           var zoomStart = context.map().zoom();
+           var textId = context.lastPointerType() === 'mouse' ? 'zoom' : 'zoom_touch';
+           var zoomString = helpHtml('intro.navigation.' + textId);
+           reveal('.surface', zoomString);
+           context.map().on('drawn.intro', function () {
+             reveal('.surface', zoomString, {
+               duration: 0
+             });
+           });
+           context.map().on('move.intro', function () {
+             if (context.map().zoom() !== zoomStart) {
+               context.map().on('move.intro', null);
+               timeout(function () {
+                 continueTo(features);
+               }, 3000);
+             }
+           });
 
-           function enterDelete() {
-               if (!_pointID) return chapter.restart();
-               var entity = context.hasEntity(_pointID);
-               if (!entity) return chapter.restart();
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
+           }
+         }
 
-               var node = selectMenuItem(context, 'delete').node();
-               if (!node) { return continueTo(rightClickPoint); }
+         function features() {
+           var onClick = function onClick() {
+             continueTo(pointsLinesAreas);
+           };
 
-               reveal('.edit-menu',
-                   helpString('intro.points.delete'),
-                   { padding: 50 }
-               );
+           reveal('.surface', helpHtml('intro.navigation.features'), {
+             buttonText: _t.html('intro.ok'),
+             buttonCallback: onClick
+           });
+           context.map().on('drawn.intro', function () {
+             reveal('.surface', helpHtml('intro.navigation.features'), {
+               duration: 0,
+               buttonText: _t.html('intro.ok'),
+               buttonCallback: onClick
+             });
+           });
 
-               timeout(function() {
-                   context.map().on('move.intro', function() {
-                       reveal('.edit-menu',
-                           helpString('intro.points.delete'),
-                           { duration: 0,  padding: 50 }
-                       );
-                   });
-               }, 300); // after menu visible
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.map().on('drawn.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
+           }
+         }
 
-               context.on('exit.intro', function() {
-                   if (!_pointID) return chapter.restart();
-                   var entity = context.hasEntity(_pointID);
-                   if (entity) return continueTo(rightClickPoint);  // point still exists
-               });
+         function pointsLinesAreas() {
+           var onClick = function onClick() {
+             continueTo(nodesWays);
+           };
 
-               context.history().on('change.intro', function(changed) {
-                   if (changed.deleted().length) {
-                       continueTo(undo);
-                   }
-               });
+           reveal('.surface', helpHtml('intro.navigation.points_lines_areas'), {
+             buttonText: _t.html('intro.ok'),
+             buttonCallback: onClick
+           });
+           context.map().on('drawn.intro', function () {
+             reveal('.surface', helpHtml('intro.navigation.points_lines_areas'), {
+               duration: 0,
+               buttonText: _t.html('intro.ok'),
+               buttonCallback: onClick
+             });
+           });
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.map().on('move.intro', null);
-                   context.history().on('change.intro', null);
-                   context.on('exit.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.map().on('drawn.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
            }
+         }
 
+         function nodesWays() {
+           var onClick = function onClick() {
+             continueTo(clickTownHall);
+           };
 
-           function undo() {
-               context.history().on('change.intro', function() {
-                   continueTo(play);
-               });
-
-               reveal('.top-toolbar button.undo-button',
-                   helpString('intro.points.undo')
-               );
+           reveal('.surface', helpHtml('intro.navigation.nodes_ways'), {
+             buttonText: _t.html('intro.ok'),
+             buttonCallback: onClick
+           });
+           context.map().on('drawn.intro', function () {
+             reveal('.surface', helpHtml('intro.navigation.nodes_ways'), {
+               duration: 0,
+               buttonText: _t.html('intro.ok'),
+               buttonCallback: onClick
+             });
+           });
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.history().on('change.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.map().on('drawn.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
            }
+         }
 
+         function clickTownHall() {
+           context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+           context.history().reset('initial');
+           var entity = context.hasEntity(hallId);
+           if (!entity) return;
+           reveal(null, null, {
+             duration: 0
+           });
+           context.map().centerZoomEase(entity.loc, 19, 500);
+           timeout(function () {
+             var entity = context.hasEntity(hallId);
+             if (!entity) return;
+             var box = pointBox(entity.loc, context);
+             var textId = context.lastPointerType() === 'mouse' ? 'click_townhall' : 'tap_townhall';
+             reveal(box, helpHtml('intro.navigation.' + textId));
+             context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function () {
+               var entity = context.hasEntity(hallId);
+               if (!entity) return;
+               var box = pointBox(entity.loc, context);
+               reveal(box, helpHtml('intro.navigation.' + textId), {
+                 duration: 0
+               });
+             });
+             context.on('enter.intro', function () {
+               if (isTownHallSelected()) continueTo(selectedTownHall);
+             });
+           }, 550); // after centerZoomEase
 
-           function play() {
-               dispatch$1.call('done');
-               reveal('.ideditor',
-                   helpString('intro.points.play', { next: _t('intro.areas.title') }), {
-                       tooltipBox: '.intro-nav-wrap .chapter-area',
-                       buttonText: _t('intro.ok'),
-                       buttonCallback: function() { reveal('.ideditor'); }
-                   }
-               );
+           context.history().on('change.intro', function () {
+             if (!context.hasEntity(hallId)) {
+               continueTo(clickTownHall);
+             }
+           });
+
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.on('enter.intro', null);
+             context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
+             context.history().on('change.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
            }
+         }
 
+         function selectedTownHall() {
+           if (!isTownHallSelected()) return clickTownHall();
+           var entity = context.hasEntity(hallId);
+           if (!entity) return clickTownHall();
+           var box = pointBox(entity.loc, context);
 
-           chapter.enter = function() {
-               addPoint();
+           var onClick = function onClick() {
+             continueTo(editorTownHall);
            };
 
+           reveal(box, helpHtml('intro.navigation.selected_townhall'), {
+             buttonText: _t.html('intro.ok'),
+             buttonCallback: onClick
+           });
+           context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function () {
+             var entity = context.hasEntity(hallId);
+             if (!entity) return;
+             var box = pointBox(entity.loc, context);
+             reveal(box, helpHtml('intro.navigation.selected_townhall'), {
+               duration: 0,
+               buttonText: _t.html('intro.ok'),
+               buttonCallback: onClick
+             });
+           });
+           context.history().on('change.intro', function () {
+             if (!context.hasEntity(hallId)) {
+               continueTo(clickTownHall);
+             }
+           });
+
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
+             context.history().on('change.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
+           }
+         }
 
-           chapter.exit = function() {
-               timeouts.forEach(window.clearTimeout);
-               context.on('enter.intro exit.intro', null);
-               context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
-               context.history().on('change.intro', null);
-               context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', eventCancel);
-               context.container().select('.preset-search-input').on('keydown.intro keyup.intro', null);
-           };
+         function editorTownHall() {
+           if (!isTownHallSelected()) return clickTownHall(); // disallow scrolling
 
+           context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', eventCancel);
 
-           chapter.restart = function() {
-               chapter.exit();
-               chapter.enter();
+           var onClick = function onClick() {
+             continueTo(presetTownHall);
            };
 
+           reveal('.entity-editor-pane', helpHtml('intro.navigation.editor_townhall'), {
+             buttonText: _t.html('intro.ok'),
+             buttonCallback: onClick
+           });
+           context.on('exit.intro', function () {
+             continueTo(clickTownHall);
+           });
+           context.history().on('change.intro', function () {
+             if (!context.hasEntity(hallId)) {
+               continueTo(clickTownHall);
+             }
+           });
 
-           return utilRebind(chapter, dispatch$1, 'on');
-       }
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.on('exit.intro', null);
+             context.history().on('change.intro', null);
+             context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
+           }
+         }
 
-       function uiIntroArea(context, reveal) {
-           var dispatch$1 = dispatch('done');
-           var playground = [-85.63552, 41.94159];
-           var playgroundPreset = _mainPresetIndex.item('leisure/playground');
-           var nameField = _mainPresetIndex.field('name');
-           var descriptionField = _mainPresetIndex.field('description');
-           var timeouts = [];
-           var _areaID;
+         function presetTownHall() {
+           if (!isTownHallSelected()) return clickTownHall(); // reset pane, in case user happened to change it..
 
+           context.container().select('.inspector-wrap .panewrap').style('right', '0%'); // disallow scrolling
 
-           var chapter = {
-               title: 'intro.areas.title'
+           context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', eventCancel); // preset match, in case the user happened to change it.
+
+           var entity = context.entity(context.selectedIDs()[0]);
+           var preset = _mainPresetIndex.match(entity, context.graph());
+
+           var onClick = function onClick() {
+             continueTo(fieldsTownHall);
            };
 
+           reveal('.entity-editor-pane .section-feature-type', helpHtml('intro.navigation.preset_townhall', {
+             preset: preset.name()
+           }), {
+             buttonText: _t.html('intro.ok'),
+             buttonCallback: onClick
+           });
+           context.on('exit.intro', function () {
+             continueTo(clickTownHall);
+           });
+           context.history().on('change.intro', function () {
+             if (!context.hasEntity(hallId)) {
+               continueTo(clickTownHall);
+             }
+           });
 
-           function timeout(f, t) {
-               timeouts.push(window.setTimeout(f, t));
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.on('exit.intro', null);
+             context.history().on('change.intro', null);
+             context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
            }
+         }
+
+         function fieldsTownHall() {
+           if (!isTownHallSelected()) return clickTownHall(); // reset pane, in case user happened to change it..
 
+           context.container().select('.inspector-wrap .panewrap').style('right', '0%'); // disallow scrolling
 
-           function eventCancel() {
-               event.stopPropagation();
-               event.preventDefault();
+           context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', eventCancel);
+
+           var onClick = function onClick() {
+             continueTo(closeTownHall);
+           };
+
+           reveal('.entity-editor-pane .section-preset-fields', helpHtml('intro.navigation.fields_townhall'), {
+             buttonText: _t.html('intro.ok'),
+             buttonCallback: onClick
+           });
+           context.on('exit.intro', function () {
+             continueTo(clickTownHall);
+           });
+           context.history().on('change.intro', function () {
+             if (!context.hasEntity(hallId)) {
+               continueTo(clickTownHall);
+             }
+           });
+
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.on('exit.intro', null);
+             context.history().on('change.intro', null);
+             context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
            }
+         }
 
+         function closeTownHall() {
+           if (!isTownHallSelected()) return clickTownHall();
+           var selector = '.entity-editor-pane button.close svg use';
+           var href = select(selector).attr('href') || '#iD-icon-close';
+           reveal('.entity-editor-pane', helpHtml('intro.navigation.close_townhall', {
+             button: icon(href, 'inline')
+           }));
+           context.on('exit.intro', function () {
+             continueTo(searchStreet);
+           });
+           context.history().on('change.intro', function () {
+             // update the close icon in the tooltip if the user edits something.
+             var selector = '.entity-editor-pane button.close svg use';
+             var href = select(selector).attr('href') || '#iD-icon-close';
+             reveal('.entity-editor-pane', helpHtml('intro.navigation.close_townhall', {
+               button: icon(href, 'inline')
+             }), {
+               duration: 0
+             });
+           });
 
-           function revealPlayground(center, text, options) {
-               var padding = 180 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 19.5);
-               var box = pad(center, padding, context);
-               reveal(box, text, options);
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.on('exit.intro', null);
+             context.history().on('change.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
            }
+         }
 
+         function searchStreet() {
+           context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+           context.history().reset('initial'); // ensure spring street exists
 
-           function addArea() {
-               context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
-               context.history().reset('initial');
-               _areaID = null;
-
-               var msec = transitionTime(playground, context.map().center());
-               if (msec) { reveal(null, null, { duration: 0 }); }
-               context.map().centerZoomEase(playground, 19, msec);
-
-               timeout(function() {
-                   var tooltip = reveal('button.add-area',
-                       helpString('intro.areas.add_playground'));
-
-                   tooltip.selectAll('.popover-inner')
-                       .insert('svg', 'span')
-                       .attr('class', 'tooltip-illustration')
-                       .append('use')
-                       .attr('xlink:href', '#iD-graphic-areas');
-
-                   context.on('enter.intro', function(mode) {
-                       if (mode.id !== 'add-area') return;
-                       continueTo(startPlayground);
-                   });
-               }, msec + 100);
+           var msec = transitionTime(springStreet, context.map().center());
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.on('enter.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
+           if (msec) {
+             reveal(null, null, {
+               duration: 0
+             });
            }
 
+           context.map().centerZoomEase(springStreet, 19, msec); // ..and user can see it
 
-           function startPlayground() {
-               if (context.mode().id !== 'add-area') {
-                   return chapter.restart();
-               }
+           timeout(function () {
+             reveal('.search-header input', helpHtml('intro.navigation.search_street', {
+               name: _t('intro.graph.name.spring-street')
+             }));
+             context.container().select('.search-header input').on('keyup.intro', checkSearchResult);
+           }, msec + 100);
+         }
 
-               _areaID = null;
-               context.map().zoomEase(19.5, 500);
+         function checkSearchResult() {
+           var first = context.container().select('.feature-list-item:nth-child(0n+2)'); // skip "No Results" item
 
-               timeout(function() {
-                   var textId = context.lastPointerType() === 'mouse' ? 'starting_node_click' : 'starting_node_tap';
-                   var startDrawString = helpString('intro.areas.start_playground') + helpString('intro.areas.' + textId);
-                   revealPlayground(playground,
-                       startDrawString, { duration: 250 }
-                   );
+           var firstName = first.select('.entity-name');
+           var name = _t('intro.graph.name.spring-street');
 
-                   timeout(function() {
-                       context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function() {
-                           revealPlayground(playground,
-                               startDrawString, { duration: 0 }
-                           );
-                       });
-                       context.on('enter.intro', function(mode) {
-                           if (mode.id !== 'draw-area') return chapter.restart();
-                           continueTo(continuePlayground);
-                       });
-                   }, 250);  // after reveal
+           if (!firstName.empty() && firstName.html() === name) {
+             reveal(first.node(), helpHtml('intro.navigation.choose_street', {
+               name: name
+             }), {
+               duration: 300
+             });
+             context.on('exit.intro', function () {
+               continueTo(selectedStreet);
+             });
+             context.container().select('.search-header input').on('keydown.intro', eventCancel, true).on('keyup.intro', null);
+           }
 
-               }, 550);  // after easing
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.on('exit.intro', null);
+             context.container().select('.search-header input').on('keydown.intro', null).on('keyup.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
+           }
+         }
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
-                   context.on('enter.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
+         function selectedStreet() {
+           if (!context.hasEntity(springStreetEndId) || !context.hasEntity(springStreetId)) {
+             return searchStreet();
            }
 
+           var onClick = function onClick() {
+             continueTo(editorStreet);
+           };
 
-           function continuePlayground() {
-               if (context.mode().id !== 'draw-area') {
-                   return chapter.restart();
-               }
+           var entity = context.entity(springStreetEndId);
+           var box = pointBox(entity.loc, context);
+           box.height = 500;
+           reveal(box, helpHtml('intro.navigation.selected_street', {
+             name: _t('intro.graph.name.spring-street')
+           }), {
+             duration: 600,
+             buttonText: _t.html('intro.ok'),
+             buttonCallback: onClick
+           });
+           timeout(function () {
+             context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function () {
+               var entity = context.hasEntity(springStreetEndId);
+               if (!entity) return;
+               var box = pointBox(entity.loc, context);
+               box.height = 500;
+               reveal(box, helpHtml('intro.navigation.selected_street', {
+                 name: _t('intro.graph.name.spring-street')
+               }), {
+                 duration: 0,
+                 buttonText: _t.html('intro.ok'),
+                 buttonCallback: onClick
+               });
+             });
+           }, 600); // after reveal.
 
-               _areaID = null;
-               revealPlayground(playground,
-                   helpString('intro.areas.continue_playground'),
-                   { duration: 250 }
-               );
+           context.on('enter.intro', function (mode) {
+             if (!context.hasEntity(springStreetId)) {
+               return continueTo(searchStreet);
+             }
 
-               timeout(function() {
-                   context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function() {
-                       revealPlayground(playground,
-                           helpString('intro.areas.continue_playground'),
-                           { duration: 0 }
-                       );
-                   });
-               }, 250);  // after reveal
+             var ids = context.selectedIDs();
 
-               context.on('enter.intro', function(mode) {
-                   if (mode.id === 'draw-area') {
-                       var entity = context.hasEntity(context.selectedIDs()[0]);
-                       if (entity && entity.nodes.length >= 6) {
-                           return continueTo(finishPlayground);
-                       } else {
-                           return;
-                       }
-                   } else if (mode.id === 'select') {
-                       _areaID = context.selectedIDs()[0];
-                       return continueTo(searchPresets);
-                   } else {
-                       return chapter.restart();
-                   }
-               });
+             if (mode.id !== 'select' || !ids.length || ids[0] !== springStreetId) {
+               // keep Spring Street selected..
+               context.enter(modeSelect(context, [springStreetId]));
+             }
+           });
+           context.history().on('change.intro', function () {
+             if (!context.hasEntity(springStreetEndId) || !context.hasEntity(springStreetId)) {
+               timeout(function () {
+                 continueTo(searchStreet);
+               }, 300); // after any transition (e.g. if user deleted intersection)
+             }
+           });
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
-                   context.on('enter.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
+             context.on('enter.intro', null);
+             context.history().on('change.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
            }
+         }
 
+         function editorStreet() {
+           var selector = '.entity-editor-pane button.close svg use';
+           var href = select(selector).attr('href') || '#iD-icon-close';
+           reveal('.entity-editor-pane', helpHtml('intro.navigation.street_different_fields') + '{br}' + helpHtml('intro.navigation.editor_street', {
+             button: icon(href, 'inline'),
+             field1: onewayField.label(),
+             field2: maxspeedField.label()
+           }));
+           context.on('exit.intro', function () {
+             continueTo(play);
+           });
+           context.history().on('change.intro', function () {
+             // update the close icon in the tooltip if the user edits something.
+             var selector = '.entity-editor-pane button.close svg use';
+             var href = select(selector).attr('href') || '#iD-icon-close';
+             reveal('.entity-editor-pane', helpHtml('intro.navigation.street_different_fields') + '{br}' + helpHtml('intro.navigation.editor_street', {
+               button: icon(href, 'inline'),
+               field1: onewayField.label(),
+               field2: maxspeedField.label()
+             }), {
+               duration: 0
+             });
+           });
 
-           function finishPlayground() {
-               if (context.mode().id !== 'draw-area') {
-                   return chapter.restart();
-               }
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.on('exit.intro', null);
+             context.history().on('change.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
+           }
+         }
 
-               _areaID = null;
+         function play() {
+           dispatch.call('done');
+           reveal('.ideditor', helpHtml('intro.navigation.play', {
+             next: _t('intro.points.title')
+           }), {
+             tooltipBox: '.intro-nav-wrap .chapter-point',
+             buttonText: _t.html('intro.ok'),
+             buttonCallback: function buttonCallback() {
+               reveal('.ideditor');
+             }
+           });
+         }
 
-               var finishString = helpString('intro.areas.finish_area_' + (context.lastPointerType() === 'mouse' ? 'click' : 'tap')) +
-                   helpString('intro.areas.finish_playground');
-               revealPlayground(playground,
-                   finishString, { duration: 250 }
-               );
+         chapter.enter = function () {
+           dragMap();
+         };
 
-               timeout(function() {
-                   context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function() {
-                       revealPlayground(playground,
-                           finishString, { duration: 0 }
-                       );
-                   });
-               }, 250);  // after reveal
+         chapter.exit = function () {
+           timeouts.forEach(window.clearTimeout);
+           context.on('enter.intro exit.intro', null);
+           context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
+           context.history().on('change.intro', null);
+           context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', null);
+           context.container().select('.search-header input').on('keydown.intro keyup.intro', null);
+         };
 
-               context.on('enter.intro', function(mode) {
-                   if (mode.id === 'draw-area') {
-                       return;
-                   } else if (mode.id === 'select') {
-                       _areaID = context.selectedIDs()[0];
-                       return continueTo(searchPresets);
-                   } else {
-                       return chapter.restart();
-                   }
-               });
+         chapter.restart = function () {
+           chapter.exit();
+           chapter.enter();
+         };
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
-                   context.on('enter.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
-           }
+         return utilRebind(chapter, dispatch, 'on');
+       }
 
+       function uiIntroPoint(context, reveal) {
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('done');
+         var timeouts = [];
+         var intersection = [-85.63279, 41.94394];
+         var building = [-85.632422, 41.944045];
+         var cafePreset = _mainPresetIndex.item('amenity/cafe');
+         var _pointID = null;
+         var chapter = {
+           title: 'intro.points.title'
+         };
 
-           function searchPresets() {
-               if (!_areaID || !context.hasEntity(_areaID)) {
-                   return addArea();
-               }
-               var ids = context.selectedIDs();
-               if (context.mode().id !== 'select' || !ids.length || ids[0] !== _areaID) {
-                   context.enter(modeSelect(context, [_areaID]));
-               }
+         function timeout(f, t) {
+           timeouts.push(window.setTimeout(f, t));
+         }
 
-               // disallow scrolling
-               context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', eventCancel);
+         function eventCancel(d3_event) {
+           d3_event.stopPropagation();
+           d3_event.preventDefault();
+         }
 
-               timeout(function() {
-                   // reset pane, in case user somehow happened to change it..
-                   context.container().select('.inspector-wrap .panewrap').style('right', '-100%');
+         function addPoint() {
+           context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+           context.history().reset('initial');
+           var msec = transitionTime(intersection, context.map().center());
 
-                   context.container().select('.preset-search-input')
-                       .on('keydown.intro', null)
-                       .on('keyup.intro', checkPresetSearch);
+           if (msec) {
+             reveal(null, null, {
+               duration: 0
+             });
+           }
 
-                   reveal('.preset-search-input',
-                       helpString('intro.areas.search_playground', { preset: playgroundPreset.name() })
-                   );
-               }, 400);  // after preset list pane visible..
+           context.map().centerZoomEase(intersection, 19, msec);
+           timeout(function () {
+             var tooltip = reveal('button.add-point', helpHtml('intro.points.points_info') + '{br}' + helpHtml('intro.points.add_point'));
+             _pointID = null;
+             tooltip.selectAll('.popover-inner').insert('svg', 'span').attr('class', 'tooltip-illustration').append('use').attr('xlink:href', '#iD-graphic-points');
+             context.on('enter.intro', function (mode) {
+               if (mode.id !== 'add-point') return;
+               continueTo(placePoint);
+             });
+           }, msec + 100);
 
-               context.on('enter.intro', function(mode) {
-                   if (!_areaID || !context.hasEntity(_areaID)) {
-                       return continueTo(addArea);
-                   }
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.on('enter.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
+           }
+         }
 
-                   var ids = context.selectedIDs();
-                   if (mode.id !== 'select' || !ids.length || ids[0] !== _areaID) {
-                       // keep the user's area selected..
-                       context.enter(modeSelect(context, [_areaID]));
+         function placePoint() {
+           if (context.mode().id !== 'add-point') {
+             return chapter.restart();
+           }
 
-                       // reset pane, in case user somehow happened to change it..
-                       context.container().select('.inspector-wrap .panewrap').style('right', '-100%');
-                       // disallow scrolling
-                       context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', eventCancel);
+           var pointBox = pad(building, 150, context);
+           var textId = context.lastPointerType() === 'mouse' ? 'place_point' : 'place_point_touch';
+           reveal(pointBox, helpHtml('intro.points.' + textId));
+           context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function () {
+             pointBox = pad(building, 150, context);
+             reveal(pointBox, helpHtml('intro.points.' + textId), {
+               duration: 0
+             });
+           });
+           context.on('enter.intro', function (mode) {
+             if (mode.id !== 'select') return chapter.restart();
+             _pointID = context.mode().selectedIDs()[0];
+             continueTo(searchPreset);
+           });
 
-                       context.container().select('.preset-search-input')
-                           .on('keydown.intro', null)
-                           .on('keyup.intro', checkPresetSearch);
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
+             context.on('enter.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
+           }
+         }
 
-                       reveal('.preset-search-input',
-                           helpString('intro.areas.search_playground', { preset: playgroundPreset.name() })
-                       );
+         function searchPreset() {
+           if (context.mode().id !== 'select' || !_pointID || !context.hasEntity(_pointID)) {
+             return addPoint();
+           } // disallow scrolling
 
-                       context.history().on('change.intro', null);
-                   }
-               });
 
-               function checkPresetSearch() {
-                   var first = context.container().select('.preset-list-item:first-child');
+           context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', eventCancel);
+           context.container().select('.preset-search-input').on('keydown.intro', null).on('keyup.intro', checkPresetSearch);
+           reveal('.preset-search-input', helpHtml('intro.points.search_cafe', {
+             preset: cafePreset.name()
+           }));
+           context.on('enter.intro', function (mode) {
+             if (!_pointID || !context.hasEntity(_pointID)) {
+               return continueTo(addPoint);
+             }
 
-                   if (first.classed('preset-leisure-playground')) {
-                       reveal(first.select('.preset-list-button').node(),
-                           helpString('intro.areas.choose_playground', { preset: playgroundPreset.name() }),
-                           { duration: 300 }
-                       );
+             var ids = context.selectedIDs();
 
-                       context.container().select('.preset-search-input')
-                           .on('keydown.intro', eventCancel, true)
-                           .on('keyup.intro', null);
+             if (mode.id !== 'select' || !ids.length || ids[0] !== _pointID) {
+               // keep the user's point selected..
+               context.enter(modeSelect(context, [_pointID])); // disallow scrolling
 
-                       context.history().on('change.intro', function() {
-                           continueTo(clickAddField);
-                       });
-                   }
-               }
+               context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', eventCancel);
+               context.container().select('.preset-search-input').on('keydown.intro', null).on('keyup.intro', checkPresetSearch);
+               reveal('.preset-search-input', helpHtml('intro.points.search_cafe', {
+                 preset: cafePreset.name()
+               }));
+               context.history().on('change.intro', null);
+             }
+           });
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', null);
-                   context.on('enter.intro', null);
-                   context.history().on('change.intro', null);
-                   context.container().select('.preset-search-input').on('keydown.intro keyup.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
+           function checkPresetSearch() {
+             var first = context.container().select('.preset-list-item:first-child');
+
+             if (first.classed('preset-amenity-cafe')) {
+               context.container().select('.preset-search-input').on('keydown.intro', eventCancel, true).on('keyup.intro', null);
+               reveal(first.select('.preset-list-button').node(), helpHtml('intro.points.choose_cafe', {
+                 preset: cafePreset.name()
+               }), {
+                 duration: 300
+               });
+               context.history().on('change.intro', function () {
+                 continueTo(aboutFeatureEditor);
+               });
+             }
            }
 
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.on('enter.intro', null);
+             context.history().on('change.intro', null);
+             context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', null);
+             context.container().select('.preset-search-input').on('keydown.intro keyup.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
+           }
+         }
 
-           function clickAddField() {
-               if (!_areaID || !context.hasEntity(_areaID)) {
-                   return addArea();
-               }
-               var ids = context.selectedIDs();
-               if (context.mode().id !== 'select' || !ids.length || ids[0] !== _areaID) {
-                   return searchPresets();
-               }
+         function aboutFeatureEditor() {
+           if (context.mode().id !== 'select' || !_pointID || !context.hasEntity(_pointID)) {
+             return addPoint();
+           }
 
-               if (!context.container().select('.form-field-description').empty()) {
-                   return continueTo(describePlayground);
+           timeout(function () {
+             reveal('.entity-editor-pane', helpHtml('intro.points.feature_editor'), {
+               tooltipClass: 'intro-points-describe',
+               buttonText: _t.html('intro.ok'),
+               buttonCallback: function buttonCallback() {
+                 continueTo(addName);
                }
+             });
+           }, 400);
+           context.on('exit.intro', function () {
+             // if user leaves select mode here, just continue with the tutorial.
+             continueTo(reselectPoint);
+           });
 
-               // disallow scrolling
-               context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', eventCancel);
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.on('exit.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
+           }
+         }
 
-               timeout(function() {
-                   // reset pane, in case user somehow happened to change it..
-                   context.container().select('.inspector-wrap .panewrap').style('right', '0%');
+         function addName() {
+           if (context.mode().id !== 'select' || !_pointID || !context.hasEntity(_pointID)) {
+             return addPoint();
+           } // reset pane, in case user happened to change it..
 
-                   // It's possible for the user to add a description in a previous step..
-                   // If they did this already, just continue to next step.
-                   var entity = context.entity(_areaID);
-                   if (entity.tags.description) {
-                       return continueTo(play);
-                   }
 
-                   // scroll "Add field" into view
-                   var box = context.container().select('.more-fields').node().getBoundingClientRect();
-                   if (box.top > 300) {
-                       var pane = context.container().select('.entity-editor-pane .inspector-body');
-                       var start = pane.node().scrollTop;
-                       var end = start + (box.top - 300);
-
-                       pane
-                           .transition()
-                           .duration(250)
-                           .tween('scroll.inspector', function() {
-                               var node = this;
-                               var i = d3_interpolateNumber(start, end);
-                               return function(t) {
-                                   node.scrollTop = i(t);
-                               };
-                           });
-                   }
+           context.container().select('.inspector-wrap .panewrap').style('right', '0%');
+           var addNameString = helpHtml('intro.points.fields_info') + '{br}' + helpHtml('intro.points.add_name');
+           timeout(function () {
+             // It's possible for the user to add a name in a previous step..
+             // If so, don't tell them to add the name in this step.
+             // Give them an OK button instead.
+             var entity = context.entity(_pointID);
 
-                   timeout(function() {
-                       reveal('.more-fields .combobox-input',
-                           helpString('intro.areas.add_field', {
-                               name: nameField.label(),
-                               description: descriptionField.label()
-                           }),
-                           { duration: 300 }
-                       );
+             if (entity.tags.name) {
+               var tooltip = reveal('.entity-editor-pane', addNameString, {
+                 tooltipClass: 'intro-points-describe',
+                 buttonText: _t.html('intro.ok'),
+                 buttonCallback: function buttonCallback() {
+                   continueTo(addCloseEditor);
+                 }
+               });
+               tooltip.select('.instruction').style('display', 'none');
+             } else {
+               reveal('.entity-editor-pane', addNameString, {
+                 tooltipClass: 'intro-points-describe'
+               });
+             }
+           }, 400);
+           context.history().on('change.intro', function () {
+             continueTo(addCloseEditor);
+           });
+           context.on('exit.intro', function () {
+             // if user leaves select mode here, just continue with the tutorial.
+             continueTo(reselectPoint);
+           });
 
-                       context.container().select('.more-fields .combobox-input')
-                           .on('click.intro', function() {
-                               // Watch for the combobox to appear...
-                               var watcher;
-                               watcher = window.setInterval(function() {
-                                   if (!context.container().select('div.combobox').empty()) {
-                                       window.clearInterval(watcher);
-                                       continueTo(chooseDescriptionField);
-                                   }
-                               }, 300);
-                           });
-                   }, 300);  // after "Add Field" visible
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.on('exit.intro', null);
+             context.history().on('change.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
+           }
+         }
+
+         function addCloseEditor() {
+           // reset pane, in case user happened to change it..
+           context.container().select('.inspector-wrap .panewrap').style('right', '0%');
+           var selector = '.entity-editor-pane button.close svg use';
+           var href = select(selector).attr('href') || '#iD-icon-close';
+           context.on('exit.intro', function () {
+             continueTo(reselectPoint);
+           });
+           reveal('.entity-editor-pane', helpHtml('intro.points.add_close', {
+             button: icon(href, 'inline')
+           }));
+
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.on('exit.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
+           }
+         }
 
-               }, 400);  // after editor pane visible
+         function reselectPoint() {
+           if (!_pointID) return chapter.restart();
+           var entity = context.hasEntity(_pointID);
+           if (!entity) return chapter.restart(); // make sure it's still a cafe, in case user somehow changed it..
 
-               context.on('exit.intro', function() {
-                   return continueTo(searchPresets);
-               });
+           var oldPreset = _mainPresetIndex.match(entity, context.graph());
+           context.replace(actionChangePreset(_pointID, oldPreset, cafePreset));
+           context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+           var msec = transitionTime(entity.loc, context.map().center());
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', null);
-                   context.container().select('.more-fields .combobox-input').on('click.intro', null);
-                   context.on('exit.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
+           if (msec) {
+             reveal(null, null, {
+               duration: 0
+             });
            }
 
+           context.map().centerEase(entity.loc, msec);
+           timeout(function () {
+             var box = pointBox(entity.loc, context);
+             reveal(box, helpHtml('intro.points.reselect'), {
+               duration: 600
+             });
+             timeout(function () {
+               context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function () {
+                 var entity = context.hasEntity(_pointID);
+                 if (!entity) return chapter.restart();
+                 var box = pointBox(entity.loc, context);
+                 reveal(box, helpHtml('intro.points.reselect'), {
+                   duration: 0
+                 });
+               });
+             }, 600); // after reveal..
 
-           function chooseDescriptionField() {
-               if (!_areaID || !context.hasEntity(_areaID)) {
-                   return addArea();
-               }
-               var ids = context.selectedIDs();
-               if (context.mode().id !== 'select' || !ids.length || ids[0] !== _areaID) {
-                   return searchPresets();
-               }
+             context.on('enter.intro', function (mode) {
+               if (mode.id !== 'select') return;
+               continueTo(updatePoint);
+             });
+           }, msec + 100);
 
-               if (!context.container().select('.form-field-description').empty()) {
-                   return continueTo(describePlayground);
-               }
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
+             context.on('enter.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
+           }
+         }
 
-               // Make sure combobox is ready..
-               if (context.container().select('div.combobox').empty()) {
-                   return continueTo(clickAddField);
-               }
-               // Watch for the combobox to go away..
-               var watcher;
-               watcher = window.setInterval(function() {
-                   if (context.container().select('div.combobox').empty()) {
-                       window.clearInterval(watcher);
-                       timeout(function() {
-                           if (context.container().select('.form-field-description').empty()) {
-                               continueTo(retryChooseDescription);
-                           } else {
-                               continueTo(describePlayground);
-                           }
-                       }, 300);  // after description field added.
-                   }
-               }, 300);
+         function updatePoint() {
+           if (context.mode().id !== 'select' || !_pointID || !context.hasEntity(_pointID)) {
+             return continueTo(reselectPoint);
+           } // reset pane, in case user happened to untag the point..
 
-               reveal('div.combobox',
-                   helpString('intro.areas.choose_field', { field: descriptionField.label() }),
-                   { duration: 300 }
-               );
 
-               context.on('exit.intro', function() {
-                   return continueTo(searchPresets);
-               });
+           context.container().select('.inspector-wrap .panewrap').style('right', '0%');
+           context.on('exit.intro', function () {
+             continueTo(reselectPoint);
+           });
+           context.history().on('change.intro', function () {
+             continueTo(updateCloseEditor);
+           });
+           timeout(function () {
+             reveal('.entity-editor-pane', helpHtml('intro.points.update'), {
+               tooltipClass: 'intro-points-describe'
+             });
+           }, 400);
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   if (watcher) window.clearInterval(watcher);
-                   context.on('exit.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.on('exit.intro', null);
+             context.history().on('change.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
            }
+         }
 
+         function updateCloseEditor() {
+           if (context.mode().id !== 'select' || !_pointID || !context.hasEntity(_pointID)) {
+             return continueTo(reselectPoint);
+           } // reset pane, in case user happened to change it..
 
-           function describePlayground() {
-               if (!_areaID || !context.hasEntity(_areaID)) {
-                   return addArea();
-               }
-               var ids = context.selectedIDs();
-               if (context.mode().id !== 'select' || !ids.length || ids[0] !== _areaID) {
-                   return searchPresets();
-               }
 
-               // reset pane, in case user happened to change it..
-               context.container().select('.inspector-wrap .panewrap').style('right', '0%');
+           context.container().select('.inspector-wrap .panewrap').style('right', '0%');
+           context.on('exit.intro', function () {
+             continueTo(rightClickPoint);
+           });
+           timeout(function () {
+             reveal('.entity-editor-pane', helpHtml('intro.points.update_close', {
+               button: icon('#iD-icon-close', 'inline')
+             }));
+           }, 500);
 
-               if (context.container().select('.form-field-description').empty()) {
-                   return continueTo(retryChooseDescription);
-               }
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.on('exit.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
+           }
+         }
 
-               context.on('exit.intro', function() {
-                   continueTo(play);
+         function rightClickPoint() {
+           if (!_pointID) return chapter.restart();
+           var entity = context.hasEntity(_pointID);
+           if (!entity) return chapter.restart();
+           context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+           var box = pointBox(entity.loc, context);
+           var textId = context.lastPointerType() === 'mouse' ? 'rightclick' : 'edit_menu_touch';
+           reveal(box, helpHtml('intro.points.' + textId), {
+             duration: 600
+           });
+           timeout(function () {
+             context.map().on('move.intro', function () {
+               var entity = context.hasEntity(_pointID);
+               if (!entity) return chapter.restart();
+               var box = pointBox(entity.loc, context);
+               reveal(box, helpHtml('intro.points.' + textId), {
+                 duration: 0
                });
+             });
+           }, 600); // after reveal
 
-               reveal('.entity-editor-pane',
-                   helpString('intro.areas.describe_playground', { button: icon('#iD-icon-close', 'pre-text') }),
-                   { duration: 300 }
-               );
+           context.on('enter.intro', function (mode) {
+             if (mode.id !== 'select') return;
+             var ids = context.selectedIDs();
+             if (ids.length !== 1 || ids[0] !== _pointID) return;
+             timeout(function () {
+               var node = selectMenuItem(context, 'delete').node();
+               if (!node) return;
+               continueTo(enterDelete);
+             }, 50); // after menu visible
+           });
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.on('exit.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.on('enter.intro', null);
+             context.map().on('move.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
            }
+         }
 
+         function enterDelete() {
+           if (!_pointID) return chapter.restart();
+           var entity = context.hasEntity(_pointID);
+           if (!entity) return chapter.restart();
+           var node = selectMenuItem(context, 'delete').node();
 
-           function retryChooseDescription() {
-               if (!_areaID || !context.hasEntity(_areaID)) {
-                   return addArea();
-               }
-               var ids = context.selectedIDs();
-               if (context.mode().id !== 'select' || !ids.length || ids[0] !== _areaID) {
-                   return searchPresets();
-               }
-
-               // reset pane, in case user happened to change it..
-               context.container().select('.inspector-wrap .panewrap').style('right', '0%');
+           if (!node) {
+             return continueTo(rightClickPoint);
+           }
 
-               reveal('.entity-editor-pane',
-                   helpString('intro.areas.retry_add_field', { field: descriptionField.label() }), {
-                   buttonText: _t('intro.ok'),
-                   buttonCallback: function() { continueTo(clickAddField); }
+           reveal('.edit-menu', helpHtml('intro.points.delete'), {
+             padding: 50
+           });
+           timeout(function () {
+             context.map().on('move.intro', function () {
+               reveal('.edit-menu', helpHtml('intro.points.delete'), {
+                 duration: 0,
+                 padding: 50
                });
+             });
+           }, 300); // after menu visible
 
-               context.on('exit.intro', function() {
-                   return continueTo(searchPresets);
-               });
+           context.on('exit.intro', function () {
+             if (!_pointID) return chapter.restart();
+             var entity = context.hasEntity(_pointID);
+             if (entity) return continueTo(rightClickPoint); // point still exists
+           });
+           context.history().on('change.intro', function (changed) {
+             if (changed.deleted().length) {
+               continueTo(undo);
+             }
+           });
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.on('exit.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.map().on('move.intro', null);
+             context.history().on('change.intro', null);
+             context.on('exit.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
            }
+         }
 
+         function undo() {
+           context.history().on('change.intro', function () {
+             continueTo(play);
+           });
+           reveal('.top-toolbar button.undo-button', helpHtml('intro.points.undo'));
 
-           function play() {
-               dispatch$1.call('done');
-               reveal('.ideditor',
-                   helpString('intro.areas.play', { next: _t('intro.lines.title') }), {
-                       tooltipBox: '.intro-nav-wrap .chapter-line',
-                       buttonText: _t('intro.ok'),
-                       buttonCallback: function() { reveal('.ideditor'); }
-                   }
-               );
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.history().on('change.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
            }
+         }
 
+         function play() {
+           dispatch.call('done');
+           reveal('.ideditor', helpHtml('intro.points.play', {
+             next: _t('intro.areas.title')
+           }), {
+             tooltipBox: '.intro-nav-wrap .chapter-area',
+             buttonText: _t.html('intro.ok'),
+             buttonCallback: function buttonCallback() {
+               reveal('.ideditor');
+             }
+           });
+         }
 
-           chapter.enter = function() {
-               addArea();
-           };
+         chapter.enter = function () {
+           addPoint();
+         };
 
+         chapter.exit = function () {
+           timeouts.forEach(window.clearTimeout);
+           context.on('enter.intro exit.intro', null);
+           context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
+           context.history().on('change.intro', null);
+           context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', eventCancel);
+           context.container().select('.preset-search-input').on('keydown.intro keyup.intro', null);
+         };
 
-           chapter.exit = function() {
-               timeouts.forEach(window.clearTimeout);
-               context.on('enter.intro exit.intro', null);
-               context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
-               context.history().on('change.intro', null);
-               context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', null);
-               context.container().select('.preset-search-input').on('keydown.intro keyup.intro', null);
-               context.container().select('.more-fields .combobox-input').on('click.intro', null);
-           };
+         chapter.restart = function () {
+           chapter.exit();
+           chapter.enter();
+         };
 
+         return utilRebind(chapter, dispatch, 'on');
+       }
 
-           chapter.restart = function() {
-               chapter.exit();
-               chapter.enter();
-           };
+       function uiIntroArea(context, reveal) {
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('done');
+         var playground = [-85.63552, 41.94159];
+         var playgroundPreset = _mainPresetIndex.item('leisure/playground');
+         var nameField = _mainPresetIndex.field('name');
+         var descriptionField = _mainPresetIndex.field('description');
+         var timeouts = [];
 
+         var _areaID;
 
-           return utilRebind(chapter, dispatch$1, 'on');
-       }
+         var chapter = {
+           title: 'intro.areas.title'
+         };
 
-       function uiIntroLine(context, reveal) {
-           var dispatch$1 = dispatch('done');
-           var timeouts = [];
-           var _tulipRoadID = null;
-           var flowerRoadID = 'w646';
-           var tulipRoadStart = [-85.6297754121684, 41.95805253325314];
-           var tulipRoadMidpoint = [-85.62975395449628, 41.95787501510204];
-           var tulipRoadIntersection = [-85.62974496187628, 41.95742515554585];
-           var roadCategory = _mainPresetIndex.item('category-road_minor');
-           var residentialPreset = _mainPresetIndex.item('highway/residential');
-           var woodRoadID = 'w525';
-           var woodRoadEndID = 'n2862';
-           var woodRoadAddNode = [-85.62390110349587, 41.95397111462291];
-           var woodRoadDragEndpoint = [-85.623867390213, 41.95466987786487];
-           var woodRoadDragMidpoint = [-85.62386254803509, 41.95430395953872];
-           var washingtonStreetID = 'w522';
-           var twelfthAvenueID = 'w1';
-           var eleventhAvenueEndID = 'n3550';
-           var twelfthAvenueEndID = 'n5';
-           var _washingtonSegmentID = null;
-           var eleventhAvenueEnd = context.entity(eleventhAvenueEndID).loc;
-           var twelfthAvenueEnd = context.entity(twelfthAvenueEndID).loc;
-           var deleteLinesLoc = [-85.6219395542764, 41.95228033922477];
-           var twelfthAvenue = [-85.62219310052491, 41.952505413152956];
-
-
-           var chapter = {
-               title: 'intro.lines.title'
-           };
+         function timeout(f, t) {
+           timeouts.push(window.setTimeout(f, t));
+         }
 
+         function eventCancel(d3_event) {
+           d3_event.stopPropagation();
+           d3_event.preventDefault();
+         }
 
-           function timeout(f, t) {
-               timeouts.push(window.setTimeout(f, t));
-           }
+         function revealPlayground(center, text, options) {
+           var padding = 180 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 19.5);
+           var box = pad(center, padding, context);
+           reveal(box, text, options);
+         }
 
+         function addArea() {
+           context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+           context.history().reset('initial');
+           _areaID = null;
+           var msec = transitionTime(playground, context.map().center());
 
-           function eventCancel() {
-               event.stopPropagation();
-               event.preventDefault();
+           if (msec) {
+             reveal(null, null, {
+               duration: 0
+             });
            }
 
+           context.map().centerZoomEase(playground, 19, msec);
+           timeout(function () {
+             var tooltip = reveal('button.add-area', helpHtml('intro.areas.add_playground'));
+             tooltip.selectAll('.popover-inner').insert('svg', 'span').attr('class', 'tooltip-illustration').append('use').attr('xlink:href', '#iD-graphic-areas');
+             context.on('enter.intro', function (mode) {
+               if (mode.id !== 'add-area') return;
+               continueTo(startPlayground);
+             });
+           }, msec + 100);
 
-           function addLine() {
-               context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
-               context.history().reset('initial');
-
-               var msec = transitionTime(tulipRoadStart, context.map().center());
-               if (msec) { reveal(null, null, { duration: 0 }); }
-               context.map().centerZoomEase(tulipRoadStart, 18.5, msec);
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.on('enter.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
+           }
+         }
 
-               timeout(function() {
-                   var tooltip = reveal('button.add-line',
-                       helpString('intro.lines.add_line'));
+         function startPlayground() {
+           if (context.mode().id !== 'add-area') {
+             return chapter.restart();
+           }
 
-                   tooltip.selectAll('.popover-inner')
-                       .insert('svg', 'span')
-                       .attr('class', 'tooltip-illustration')
-                       .append('use')
-                       .attr('xlink:href', '#iD-graphic-lines');
+           _areaID = null;
+           context.map().zoomEase(19.5, 500);
+           timeout(function () {
+             var textId = context.lastPointerType() === 'mouse' ? 'starting_node_click' : 'starting_node_tap';
+             var startDrawString = helpHtml('intro.areas.start_playground') + helpHtml('intro.areas.' + textId);
+             revealPlayground(playground, startDrawString, {
+               duration: 250
+             });
+             timeout(function () {
+               context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function () {
+                 revealPlayground(playground, startDrawString, {
+                   duration: 0
+                 });
+               });
+               context.on('enter.intro', function (mode) {
+                 if (mode.id !== 'draw-area') return chapter.restart();
+                 continueTo(continuePlayground);
+               });
+             }, 250); // after reveal
+           }, 550); // after easing
 
-                   context.on('enter.intro', function(mode) {
-                       if (mode.id !== 'add-line') return;
-                       continueTo(startLine);
-                   });
-               }, msec + 100);
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
+             context.on('enter.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
+           }
+         }
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.on('enter.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
+         function continuePlayground() {
+           if (context.mode().id !== 'draw-area') {
+             return chapter.restart();
            }
 
+           _areaID = null;
+           revealPlayground(playground, helpHtml('intro.areas.continue_playground'), {
+             duration: 250
+           });
+           timeout(function () {
+             context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function () {
+               revealPlayground(playground, helpHtml('intro.areas.continue_playground'), {
+                 duration: 0
+               });
+             });
+           }, 250); // after reveal
 
-           function startLine() {
-               if (context.mode().id !== 'add-line') return chapter.restart();
+           context.on('enter.intro', function (mode) {
+             if (mode.id === 'draw-area') {
+               var entity = context.hasEntity(context.selectedIDs()[0]);
 
-               _tulipRoadID = null;
+               if (entity && entity.nodes.length >= 6) {
+                 return continueTo(finishPlayground);
+               } else {
+                 return;
+               }
+             } else if (mode.id === 'select') {
+               _areaID = context.selectedIDs()[0];
+               return continueTo(searchPresets);
+             } else {
+               return chapter.restart();
+             }
+           });
 
-               var padding = 70 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 18);
-               var box = pad(tulipRoadStart, padding, context);
-               box.height = box.height + 100;
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
+             context.on('enter.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
+           }
+         }
 
-               var textId = context.lastPointerType() === 'mouse' ? 'start_line' : 'start_line_tap';
-               var startLineString = helpString('intro.lines.missing_road') + '{br}' +
-                   helpString('intro.lines.line_draw_info') +
-                   helpString('intro.lines.' + textId);
-               reveal(box, startLineString);
+         function finishPlayground() {
+           if (context.mode().id !== 'draw-area') {
+             return chapter.restart();
+           }
 
-               context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function() {
-                   padding = 70 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 18);
-                   box = pad(tulipRoadStart, padding, context);
-                   box.height = box.height + 100;
-                   reveal(box, startLineString, { duration: 0 });
+           _areaID = null;
+           var finishString = helpHtml('intro.areas.finish_area_' + (context.lastPointerType() === 'mouse' ? 'click' : 'tap')) + helpHtml('intro.areas.finish_playground');
+           revealPlayground(playground, finishString, {
+             duration: 250
+           });
+           timeout(function () {
+             context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function () {
+               revealPlayground(playground, finishString, {
+                 duration: 0
                });
+             });
+           }, 250); // after reveal
 
-               context.on('enter.intro', function(mode) {
-                   if (mode.id !== 'draw-line') return chapter.restart();
-                   continueTo(drawLine);
-               });
+           context.on('enter.intro', function (mode) {
+             if (mode.id === 'draw-area') {
+               return;
+             } else if (mode.id === 'select') {
+               _areaID = context.selectedIDs()[0];
+               return continueTo(searchPresets);
+             } else {
+               return chapter.restart();
+             }
+           });
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
-                   context.on('enter.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
+             context.on('enter.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
            }
+         }
 
+         function searchPresets() {
+           if (!_areaID || !context.hasEntity(_areaID)) {
+             return addArea();
+           }
 
-           function drawLine() {
-               if (context.mode().id !== 'draw-line') return chapter.restart();
+           var ids = context.selectedIDs();
 
-               _tulipRoadID = context.mode().selectedIDs()[0];
-               context.map().centerEase(tulipRoadMidpoint, 500);
+           if (context.mode().id !== 'select' || !ids.length || ids[0] !== _areaID) {
+             context.enter(modeSelect(context, [_areaID]));
+           } // disallow scrolling
 
-               timeout(function() {
-                   var padding = 200 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 18.5);
-                   var box = pad(tulipRoadMidpoint, padding, context);
-                   box.height = box.height * 2;
-                   reveal(box,
-                       helpString('intro.lines.intersect', { name: _t('intro.graph.name.flower-street') })
-                   );
 
-                   context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function() {
-                       padding = 200 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 18.5);
-                       box = pad(tulipRoadMidpoint, padding, context);
-                       box.height = box.height * 2;
-                       reveal(box,
-                           helpString('intro.lines.intersect', { name: _t('intro.graph.name.flower-street') }),
-                           { duration: 0 }
-                       );
-                   });
-               }, 550);  // after easing..
+           context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', eventCancel);
+           timeout(function () {
+             // reset pane, in case user somehow happened to change it..
+             context.container().select('.inspector-wrap .panewrap').style('right', '-100%');
+             context.container().select('.preset-search-input').on('keydown.intro', null).on('keyup.intro', checkPresetSearch);
+             reveal('.preset-search-input', helpHtml('intro.areas.search_playground', {
+               preset: playgroundPreset.name()
+             }));
+           }, 400); // after preset list pane visible..
 
-               context.history().on('change.intro', function() {
-                   if (isLineConnected()) {
-                       continueTo(continueLine);
-                   }
-               });
+           context.on('enter.intro', function (mode) {
+             if (!_areaID || !context.hasEntity(_areaID)) {
+               return continueTo(addArea);
+             }
 
-               context.on('enter.intro', function(mode) {
-                   if (mode.id === 'draw-line') {
-                       return;
-                   } else if (mode.id === 'select') {
-                       continueTo(retryIntersect);
-                       return;
-                   } else {
-                       return chapter.restart();
-                   }
-               });
+             var ids = context.selectedIDs();
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
-                   context.history().on('change.intro', null);
-                   context.on('enter.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
-           }
+             if (mode.id !== 'select' || !ids.length || ids[0] !== _areaID) {
+               // keep the user's area selected..
+               context.enter(modeSelect(context, [_areaID])); // reset pane, in case user somehow happened to change it..
+
+               context.container().select('.inspector-wrap .panewrap').style('right', '-100%'); // disallow scrolling
 
+               context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', eventCancel);
+               context.container().select('.preset-search-input').on('keydown.intro', null).on('keyup.intro', checkPresetSearch);
+               reveal('.preset-search-input', helpHtml('intro.areas.search_playground', {
+                 preset: playgroundPreset.name()
+               }));
+               context.history().on('change.intro', null);
+             }
+           });
 
-           function isLineConnected() {
-               var entity = _tulipRoadID && context.hasEntity(_tulipRoadID);
-               if (!entity) return false;
+           function checkPresetSearch() {
+             var first = context.container().select('.preset-list-item:first-child');
 
-               var drawNodes = context.graph().childNodes(entity);
-               return drawNodes.some(function(node) {
-                   return context.graph().parentWays(node).some(function(parent) {
-                       return parent.id === flowerRoadID;
-                   });
+             if (first.classed('preset-leisure-playground')) {
+               reveal(first.select('.preset-list-button').node(), helpHtml('intro.areas.choose_playground', {
+                 preset: playgroundPreset.name()
+               }), {
+                 duration: 300
                });
+               context.container().select('.preset-search-input').on('keydown.intro', eventCancel, true).on('keyup.intro', null);
+               context.history().on('change.intro', function () {
+                 continueTo(clickAddField);
+               });
+             }
            }
 
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', null);
+             context.on('enter.intro', null);
+             context.history().on('change.intro', null);
+             context.container().select('.preset-search-input').on('keydown.intro keyup.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
+           }
+         }
 
-           function retryIntersect() {
-               select(window).on('pointerdown.intro mousedown.intro', eventCancel, true);
+         function clickAddField() {
+           if (!_areaID || !context.hasEntity(_areaID)) {
+             return addArea();
+           }
 
-               var box = pad(tulipRoadIntersection, 80, context);
-               reveal(box,
-                   helpString('intro.lines.retry_intersect', { name: _t('intro.graph.name.flower-street') })
-               );
+           var ids = context.selectedIDs();
 
-               timeout(chapter.restart, 3000);
+           if (context.mode().id !== 'select' || !ids.length || ids[0] !== _areaID) {
+             return searchPresets();
            }
 
+           if (!context.container().select('.form-field-description').empty()) {
+             return continueTo(describePlayground);
+           } // disallow scrolling
 
-           function continueLine() {
-               if (context.mode().id !== 'draw-line') return chapter.restart();
-               var entity = _tulipRoadID && context.hasEntity(_tulipRoadID);
-               if (!entity) return chapter.restart();
 
-               context.map().centerEase(tulipRoadIntersection, 500);
+           context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', eventCancel);
+           timeout(function () {
+             // reset pane, in case user somehow happened to change it..
+             context.container().select('.inspector-wrap .panewrap').style('right', '0%'); // It's possible for the user to add a description in a previous step..
+             // If they did this already, just continue to next step.
 
-               var continueLineText = helpString('intro.lines.continue_line') + '{br}' +
-                   helpString('intro.lines.finish_line_' + (context.lastPointerType() === 'mouse' ? 'click' : 'tap')) +
-                   helpString('intro.lines.finish_road');
+             var entity = context.entity(_areaID);
 
-               reveal('.surface', continueLineText);
+             if (entity.tags.description) {
+               return continueTo(play);
+             } // scroll "Add field" into view
 
-               context.on('enter.intro', function(mode) {
-                   if (mode.id === 'draw-line')
-                       return;
-                   else if (mode.id === 'select')
-                       return continueTo(chooseCategoryRoad);
-                   else
-                       return chapter.restart();
+
+             var box = context.container().select('.more-fields').node().getBoundingClientRect();
+
+             if (box.top > 300) {
+               var pane = context.container().select('.entity-editor-pane .inspector-body');
+               var start = pane.node().scrollTop;
+               var end = start + (box.top - 300);
+               pane.transition().duration(250).tween('scroll.inspector', function () {
+                 var node = this;
+                 var i = d3_interpolateNumber(start, end);
+                 return function (t) {
+                   node.scrollTop = i(t);
+                 };
                });
+             }
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.on('enter.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
-           }
+             timeout(function () {
+               reveal('.more-fields .combobox-input', helpHtml('intro.areas.add_field', {
+                 name: nameField.label(),
+                 description: descriptionField.label()
+               }), {
+                 duration: 300
+               });
+               context.container().select('.more-fields .combobox-input').on('click.intro', function () {
+                 // Watch for the combobox to appear...
+                 var watcher;
+                 watcher = window.setInterval(function () {
+                   if (!context.container().select('div.combobox').empty()) {
+                     window.clearInterval(watcher);
+                     continueTo(chooseDescriptionField);
+                   }
+                 }, 300);
+               });
+             }, 300); // after "Add Field" visible
+           }, 400); // after editor pane visible
 
+           context.on('exit.intro', function () {
+             return continueTo(searchPresets);
+           });
 
-           function chooseCategoryRoad() {
-               if (context.mode().id !== 'select') return chapter.restart();
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', null);
+             context.container().select('.more-fields .combobox-input').on('click.intro', null);
+             context.on('exit.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
+           }
+         }
 
-               context.on('exit.intro', function() {
-                   return chapter.restart();
-               });
+         function chooseDescriptionField() {
+           if (!_areaID || !context.hasEntity(_areaID)) {
+             return addArea();
+           }
 
-               var button = context.container().select('.preset-category-road_minor .preset-list-button');
-               if (button.empty()) return chapter.restart();
+           var ids = context.selectedIDs();
 
-               // disallow scrolling
-               context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', eventCancel);
+           if (context.mode().id !== 'select' || !ids.length || ids[0] !== _areaID) {
+             return searchPresets();
+           }
 
-               timeout(function() {
-                   // reset pane, in case user somehow happened to change it..
-                   context.container().select('.inspector-wrap .panewrap').style('right', '-100%');
+           if (!context.container().select('.form-field-description').empty()) {
+             return continueTo(describePlayground);
+           } // Make sure combobox is ready..
 
-                   reveal(button.node(),
-                       helpString('intro.lines.choose_category_road', { category: roadCategory.name() })
-                   );
 
-                   button.on('click.intro', function() {
-                       continueTo(choosePresetResidential);
-                   });
+           if (context.container().select('div.combobox').empty()) {
+             return continueTo(clickAddField);
+           } // Watch for the combobox to go away..
 
-               }, 400);  // after editor pane visible
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', null);
-                   context.container().select('.preset-list-button').on('click.intro', null);
-                   context.on('exit.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
+           var watcher;
+           watcher = window.setInterval(function () {
+             if (context.container().select('div.combobox').empty()) {
+               window.clearInterval(watcher);
+               timeout(function () {
+                 if (context.container().select('.form-field-description').empty()) {
+                   continueTo(retryChooseDescription);
+                 } else {
+                   continueTo(describePlayground);
+                 }
+               }, 300); // after description field added.
+             }
+           }, 300);
+           reveal('div.combobox', helpHtml('intro.areas.choose_field', {
+             field: descriptionField.label()
+           }), {
+             duration: 300
+           });
+           context.on('exit.intro', function () {
+             return continueTo(searchPresets);
+           });
+
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             if (watcher) window.clearInterval(watcher);
+             context.on('exit.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
            }
+         }
 
+         function describePlayground() {
+           if (!_areaID || !context.hasEntity(_areaID)) {
+             return addArea();
+           }
 
-           function choosePresetResidential() {
-               if (context.mode().id !== 'select') return chapter.restart();
+           var ids = context.selectedIDs();
 
-               context.on('exit.intro', function() {
-                   return chapter.restart();
-               });
+           if (context.mode().id !== 'select' || !ids.length || ids[0] !== _areaID) {
+             return searchPresets();
+           } // reset pane, in case user happened to change it..
 
-               var subgrid = context.container().select('.preset-category-road_minor .subgrid');
-               if (subgrid.empty()) return chapter.restart();
 
-               subgrid.selectAll(':not(.preset-highway-residential) .preset-list-button')
-                   .on('click.intro', function() {
-                       continueTo(retryPresetResidential);
-                   });
+           context.container().select('.inspector-wrap .panewrap').style('right', '0%');
 
-               subgrid.selectAll('.preset-highway-residential .preset-list-button')
-                   .on('click.intro', function() {
-                       continueTo(nameRoad);
-                   });
+           if (context.container().select('.form-field-description').empty()) {
+             return continueTo(retryChooseDescription);
+           }
 
-               timeout(function() {
-                   reveal(subgrid.node(),
-                       helpString('intro.lines.choose_preset_residential', { preset: residentialPreset.name() }),
-                       { tooltipBox: '.preset-highway-residential .preset-list-button', duration: 300 }
-                   );
-               }, 300);
+           context.on('exit.intro', function () {
+             continueTo(play);
+           });
+           reveal('.entity-editor-pane', helpHtml('intro.areas.describe_playground', {
+             button: icon('#iD-icon-close', 'inline')
+           }), {
+             duration: 300
+           });
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.container().select('.preset-list-button').on('click.intro', null);
-                   context.on('exit.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.on('exit.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
            }
+         }
 
+         function retryChooseDescription() {
+           if (!_areaID || !context.hasEntity(_areaID)) {
+             return addArea();
+           }
 
-           // selected wrong road type
-           function retryPresetResidential() {
-               if (context.mode().id !== 'select') return chapter.restart();
+           var ids = context.selectedIDs();
 
-               context.on('exit.intro', function() {
-                   return chapter.restart();
-               });
+           if (context.mode().id !== 'select' || !ids.length || ids[0] !== _areaID) {
+             return searchPresets();
+           } // reset pane, in case user happened to change it..
 
-               // disallow scrolling
-               context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', eventCancel);
 
-               timeout(function() {
-                   var button = context.container().select('.entity-editor-pane .preset-list-button');
+           context.container().select('.inspector-wrap .panewrap').style('right', '0%');
+           reveal('.entity-editor-pane', helpHtml('intro.areas.retry_add_field', {
+             field: descriptionField.label()
+           }), {
+             buttonText: _t.html('intro.ok'),
+             buttonCallback: function buttonCallback() {
+               continueTo(clickAddField);
+             }
+           });
+           context.on('exit.intro', function () {
+             return continueTo(searchPresets);
+           });
 
-                   reveal(button.node(),
-                       helpString('intro.lines.retry_preset_residential', { preset: residentialPreset.name() })
-                   );
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.on('exit.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
+           }
+         }
 
-                   button.on('click.intro', function() {
-                       continueTo(chooseCategoryRoad);
-                   });
+         function play() {
+           dispatch.call('done');
+           reveal('.ideditor', helpHtml('intro.areas.play', {
+             next: _t('intro.lines.title')
+           }), {
+             tooltipBox: '.intro-nav-wrap .chapter-line',
+             buttonText: _t.html('intro.ok'),
+             buttonCallback: function buttonCallback() {
+               reveal('.ideditor');
+             }
+           });
+         }
 
-               }, 500);
+         chapter.enter = function () {
+           addArea();
+         };
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', null);
-                   context.container().select('.preset-list-button').on('click.intro', null);
-                   context.on('exit.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
-           }
+         chapter.exit = function () {
+           timeouts.forEach(window.clearTimeout);
+           context.on('enter.intro exit.intro', null);
+           context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
+           context.history().on('change.intro', null);
+           context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', null);
+           context.container().select('.preset-search-input').on('keydown.intro keyup.intro', null);
+           context.container().select('.more-fields .combobox-input').on('click.intro', null);
+         };
 
+         chapter.restart = function () {
+           chapter.exit();
+           chapter.enter();
+         };
 
-           function nameRoad() {
-               context.on('exit.intro', function() {
-                   continueTo(didNameRoad);
-               });
+         return utilRebind(chapter, dispatch, 'on');
+       }
 
-               timeout(function() {
-                   reveal('.entity-editor-pane',
-                       helpString('intro.lines.name_road', { button: icon('#iD-icon-close', 'pre-text') }),
-                       { tooltipClass: 'intro-lines-name_road' }
-                   );
-               }, 500);
+       function uiIntroLine(context, reveal) {
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('done');
+         var timeouts = [];
+         var _tulipRoadID = null;
+         var flowerRoadID = 'w646';
+         var tulipRoadStart = [-85.6297754121684, 41.95805253325314];
+         var tulipRoadMidpoint = [-85.62975395449628, 41.95787501510204];
+         var tulipRoadIntersection = [-85.62974496187628, 41.95742515554585];
+         var roadCategory = _mainPresetIndex.item('category-road_minor');
+         var residentialPreset = _mainPresetIndex.item('highway/residential');
+         var woodRoadID = 'w525';
+         var woodRoadEndID = 'n2862';
+         var woodRoadAddNode = [-85.62390110349587, 41.95397111462291];
+         var woodRoadDragEndpoint = [-85.623867390213, 41.95466987786487];
+         var woodRoadDragMidpoint = [-85.62386254803509, 41.95430395953872];
+         var washingtonStreetID = 'w522';
+         var twelfthAvenueID = 'w1';
+         var eleventhAvenueEndID = 'n3550';
+         var twelfthAvenueEndID = 'n5';
+         var _washingtonSegmentID = null;
+         var eleventhAvenueEnd = context.entity(eleventhAvenueEndID).loc;
+         var twelfthAvenueEnd = context.entity(twelfthAvenueEndID).loc;
+         var deleteLinesLoc = [-85.6219395542764, 41.95228033922477];
+         var twelfthAvenue = [-85.62219310052491, 41.952505413152956];
+         var chapter = {
+           title: 'intro.lines.title'
+         };
+
+         function timeout(f, t) {
+           timeouts.push(window.setTimeout(f, t));
+         }
+
+         function eventCancel(d3_event) {
+           d3_event.stopPropagation();
+           d3_event.preventDefault();
+         }
+
+         function addLine() {
+           context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+           context.history().reset('initial');
+           var msec = transitionTime(tulipRoadStart, context.map().center());
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.on('exit.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
+           if (msec) {
+             reveal(null, null, {
+               duration: 0
+             });
            }
 
+           context.map().centerZoomEase(tulipRoadStart, 18.5, msec);
+           timeout(function () {
+             var tooltip = reveal('button.add-line', helpHtml('intro.lines.add_line'));
+             tooltip.selectAll('.popover-inner').insert('svg', 'span').attr('class', 'tooltip-illustration').append('use').attr('xlink:href', '#iD-graphic-lines');
+             context.on('enter.intro', function (mode) {
+               if (mode.id !== 'add-line') return;
+               continueTo(startLine);
+             });
+           }, msec + 100);
+
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.on('enter.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
+           }
+         }
+
+         function startLine() {
+           if (context.mode().id !== 'add-line') return chapter.restart();
+           _tulipRoadID = null;
+           var padding = 70 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 18);
+           var box = pad(tulipRoadStart, padding, context);
+           box.height = box.height + 100;
+           var textId = context.lastPointerType() === 'mouse' ? 'start_line' : 'start_line_tap';
+           var startLineString = helpHtml('intro.lines.missing_road') + '{br}' + helpHtml('intro.lines.line_draw_info') + helpHtml('intro.lines.' + textId);
+           reveal(box, startLineString);
+           context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function () {
+             padding = 70 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 18);
+             box = pad(tulipRoadStart, padding, context);
+             box.height = box.height + 100;
+             reveal(box, startLineString, {
+               duration: 0
+             });
+           });
+           context.on('enter.intro', function (mode) {
+             if (mode.id !== 'draw-line') return chapter.restart();
+             continueTo(drawLine);
+           });
 
-           function didNameRoad() {
-               context.history().checkpoint('doneAddLine');
-
-               timeout(function() {
-                   reveal('.surface', helpString('intro.lines.did_name_road'), {
-                       buttonText: _t('intro.ok'),
-                       buttonCallback: function() { continueTo(updateLine); }
-                   });
-               }, 500);
-
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   nextStep();
-               }
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
+             context.on('enter.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
            }
+         }
 
+         function drawLine() {
+           if (context.mode().id !== 'draw-line') return chapter.restart();
+           _tulipRoadID = context.mode().selectedIDs()[0];
+           context.map().centerEase(tulipRoadMidpoint, 500);
+           timeout(function () {
+             var padding = 200 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 18.5);
+             var box = pad(tulipRoadMidpoint, padding, context);
+             box.height = box.height * 2;
+             reveal(box, helpHtml('intro.lines.intersect', {
+               name: _t('intro.graph.name.flower-street')
+             }));
+             context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function () {
+               padding = 200 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 18.5);
+               box = pad(tulipRoadMidpoint, padding, context);
+               box.height = box.height * 2;
+               reveal(box, helpHtml('intro.lines.intersect', {
+                 name: _t('intro.graph.name.flower-street')
+               }), {
+                 duration: 0
+               });
+             });
+           }, 550); // after easing..
 
-           function updateLine() {
-               context.history().reset('doneAddLine');
-               if (!context.hasEntity(woodRoadID) || !context.hasEntity(woodRoadEndID)) {
-                   return chapter.restart();
-               }
+           context.history().on('change.intro', function () {
+             if (isLineConnected()) {
+               continueTo(continueLine);
+             }
+           });
+           context.on('enter.intro', function (mode) {
+             if (mode.id === 'draw-line') {
+               return;
+             } else if (mode.id === 'select') {
+               continueTo(retryIntersect);
+               return;
+             } else {
+               return chapter.restart();
+             }
+           });
 
-               var msec = transitionTime(woodRoadDragMidpoint, context.map().center());
-               if (msec) { reveal(null, null, { duration: 0 }); }
-               context.map().centerZoomEase(woodRoadDragMidpoint, 19, msec);
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
+             context.history().on('change.intro', null);
+             context.on('enter.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
+           }
+         }
 
-               timeout(function() {
-                   var padding = 250 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 19);
-                   var box = pad(woodRoadDragMidpoint, padding, context);
-                   var advance = function() { continueTo(addNode); };
+         function isLineConnected() {
+           var entity = _tulipRoadID && context.hasEntity(_tulipRoadID);
 
-                   reveal(box, helpString('intro.lines.update_line'),
-                       { buttonText: _t('intro.ok'), buttonCallback: advance }
-                   );
+           if (!entity) return false;
+           var drawNodes = context.graph().childNodes(entity);
+           return drawNodes.some(function (node) {
+             return context.graph().parentWays(node).some(function (parent) {
+               return parent.id === flowerRoadID;
+             });
+           });
+         }
 
-                   context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function() {
-                       var padding = 250 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 19);
-                       var box = pad(woodRoadDragMidpoint, padding, context);
-                       reveal(box, helpString('intro.lines.update_line'),
-                           { duration: 0, buttonText: _t('intro.ok'), buttonCallback: advance }
-                       );
-                   });
-               }, msec + 100);
+         function retryIntersect() {
+           select(window).on('pointerdown.intro mousedown.intro', eventCancel, true);
+           var box = pad(tulipRoadIntersection, 80, context);
+           reveal(box, helpHtml('intro.lines.retry_intersect', {
+             name: _t('intro.graph.name.flower-street')
+           }));
+           timeout(chapter.restart, 3000);
+         }
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
-           }
+         function continueLine() {
+           if (context.mode().id !== 'draw-line') return chapter.restart();
 
+           var entity = _tulipRoadID && context.hasEntity(_tulipRoadID);
 
-           function addNode() {
-               context.history().reset('doneAddLine');
-               if (!context.hasEntity(woodRoadID) || !context.hasEntity(woodRoadEndID)) {
-                   return chapter.restart();
-               }
+           if (!entity) return chapter.restart();
+           context.map().centerEase(tulipRoadIntersection, 500);
+           var continueLineText = helpHtml('intro.lines.continue_line') + '{br}' + helpHtml('intro.lines.finish_line_' + (context.lastPointerType() === 'mouse' ? 'click' : 'tap')) + helpHtml('intro.lines.finish_road');
+           reveal('.surface', continueLineText);
+           context.on('enter.intro', function (mode) {
+             if (mode.id === 'draw-line') {
+               return;
+             } else if (mode.id === 'select') {
+               return continueTo(chooseCategoryRoad);
+             } else {
+               return chapter.restart();
+             }
+           });
 
-               var padding = 40 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 19);
-               var box = pad(woodRoadAddNode, padding, context);
-               var addNodeString = helpString('intro.lines.add_node' + (context.lastPointerType() === 'mouse' ? '' : '_touch'));
-               reveal(box, addNodeString);
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.on('enter.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
+           }
+         }
 
-               context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function() {
-                   var padding = 40 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 19);
-                   var box = pad(woodRoadAddNode, padding, context);
-                   reveal(box, addNodeString, { duration: 0 });
-               });
+         function chooseCategoryRoad() {
+           if (context.mode().id !== 'select') return chapter.restart();
+           context.on('exit.intro', function () {
+             return chapter.restart();
+           });
+           var button = context.container().select('.preset-category-road_minor .preset-list-button');
+           if (button.empty()) return chapter.restart(); // disallow scrolling
+
+           context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', eventCancel);
+           timeout(function () {
+             // reset pane, in case user somehow happened to change it..
+             context.container().select('.inspector-wrap .panewrap').style('right', '-100%');
+             reveal(button.node(), helpHtml('intro.lines.choose_category_road', {
+               category: roadCategory.name()
+             }));
+             button.on('click.intro', function () {
+               continueTo(choosePresetResidential);
+             });
+           }, 400); // after editor pane visible
 
-               context.history().on('change.intro', function(changed) {
-                   if (!context.hasEntity(woodRoadID) || !context.hasEntity(woodRoadEndID)) {
-                       return continueTo(updateLine);
-                   }
-                   if (changed.created().length === 1) {
-                       timeout(function() { continueTo(startDragEndpoint); }, 500);
-                   }
-               });
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', null);
+             context.container().select('.preset-list-button').on('click.intro', null);
+             context.on('exit.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
+           }
+         }
 
-               context.on('enter.intro', function(mode) {
-                   if (mode.id !== 'select') {
-                       continueTo(updateLine);
-                   }
-               });
+         function choosePresetResidential() {
+           if (context.mode().id !== 'select') return chapter.restart();
+           context.on('exit.intro', function () {
+             return chapter.restart();
+           });
+           var subgrid = context.container().select('.preset-category-road_minor .subgrid');
+           if (subgrid.empty()) return chapter.restart();
+           subgrid.selectAll(':not(.preset-highway-residential) .preset-list-button').on('click.intro', function () {
+             continueTo(retryPresetResidential);
+           });
+           subgrid.selectAll('.preset-highway-residential .preset-list-button').on('click.intro', function () {
+             continueTo(nameRoad);
+           });
+           timeout(function () {
+             reveal(subgrid.node(), helpHtml('intro.lines.choose_preset_residential', {
+               preset: residentialPreset.name()
+             }), {
+               tooltipBox: '.preset-highway-residential .preset-list-button',
+               duration: 300
+             });
+           }, 300);
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
-                   context.history().on('change.intro', null);
-                   context.on('enter.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.container().select('.preset-list-button').on('click.intro', null);
+             context.on('exit.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
            }
+         } // selected wrong road type
 
 
-           function startDragEndpoint() {
-               if (!context.hasEntity(woodRoadID) || !context.hasEntity(woodRoadEndID)) {
-                   return continueTo(updateLine);
-               }
-               var padding = 100 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 19);
-               var box = pad(woodRoadDragEndpoint, padding, context);
-               var startDragString = helpString('intro.lines.start_drag_endpoint' + (context.lastPointerType() === 'mouse' ? '' : '_touch')) +
-                   helpString('intro.lines.drag_to_intersection');
-               reveal(box, startDragString);
-
-               context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function() {
-                   if (!context.hasEntity(woodRoadID) || !context.hasEntity(woodRoadEndID)) {
-                       return continueTo(updateLine);
-                   }
-                   var padding = 100 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 19);
-                   var box = pad(woodRoadDragEndpoint, padding, context);
-                   reveal(box, startDragString, { duration: 0 });
+         function retryPresetResidential() {
+           if (context.mode().id !== 'select') return chapter.restart();
+           context.on('exit.intro', function () {
+             return chapter.restart();
+           }); // disallow scrolling
 
-                   var entity = context.entity(woodRoadEndID);
-                   if (geoSphericalDistance(entity.loc, woodRoadDragEndpoint) <= 4) {
-                       continueTo(finishDragEndpoint);
-                   }
-               });
+           context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', eventCancel);
+           timeout(function () {
+             var button = context.container().select('.entity-editor-pane .preset-list-button');
+             reveal(button.node(), helpHtml('intro.lines.retry_preset_residential', {
+               preset: residentialPreset.name()
+             }));
+             button.on('click.intro', function () {
+               continueTo(chooseCategoryRoad);
+             });
+           }, 500);
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', null);
+             context.container().select('.preset-list-button').on('click.intro', null);
+             context.on('exit.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
            }
+         }
+
+         function nameRoad() {
+           context.on('exit.intro', function () {
+             continueTo(didNameRoad);
+           });
+           timeout(function () {
+             reveal('.entity-editor-pane', helpHtml('intro.lines.name_road', {
+               button: icon('#iD-icon-close', 'inline')
+             }), {
+               tooltipClass: 'intro-lines-name_road'
+             });
+           }, 500);
 
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.on('exit.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
+           }
+         }
 
-           function finishDragEndpoint() {
-               if (!context.hasEntity(woodRoadID) || !context.hasEntity(woodRoadEndID)) {
-                   return continueTo(updateLine);
+         function didNameRoad() {
+           context.history().checkpoint('doneAddLine');
+           timeout(function () {
+             reveal('.surface', helpHtml('intro.lines.did_name_road'), {
+               buttonText: _t.html('intro.ok'),
+               buttonCallback: function buttonCallback() {
+                 continueTo(updateLine);
                }
+             });
+           }, 500);
 
-               var padding = 100 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 19);
-               var box = pad(woodRoadDragEndpoint, padding, context);
-               var finishDragString = helpString('intro.lines.spot_looks_good') +
-                   helpString('intro.lines.finish_drag_endpoint' + (context.lastPointerType() === 'mouse' ? '' : '_touch'));
-               reveal(box, finishDragString);
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             nextStep();
+           }
+         }
 
-               context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function() {
-                   if (!context.hasEntity(woodRoadID) || !context.hasEntity(woodRoadEndID)) {
-                       return continueTo(updateLine);
-                   }
-                   var padding = 100 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 19);
-                   var box = pad(woodRoadDragEndpoint, padding, context);
-                   reveal(box, finishDragString, { duration: 0 });
+         function updateLine() {
+           context.history().reset('doneAddLine');
 
-                   var entity = context.entity(woodRoadEndID);
-                   if (geoSphericalDistance(entity.loc, woodRoadDragEndpoint) > 4) {
-                       continueTo(startDragEndpoint);
-                   }
-               });
+           if (!context.hasEntity(woodRoadID) || !context.hasEntity(woodRoadEndID)) {
+             return chapter.restart();
+           }
 
-               context.on('enter.intro', function() {
-                   continueTo(startDragMidpoint);
-               });
+           var msec = transitionTime(woodRoadDragMidpoint, context.map().center());
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
-                   context.on('enter.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
+           if (msec) {
+             reveal(null, null, {
+               duration: 0
+             });
            }
 
+           context.map().centerZoomEase(woodRoadDragMidpoint, 19, msec);
+           timeout(function () {
+             var padding = 250 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 19);
+             var box = pad(woodRoadDragMidpoint, padding, context);
 
-           function startDragMidpoint() {
-               if (!context.hasEntity(woodRoadID) || !context.hasEntity(woodRoadEndID)) {
-                   return continueTo(updateLine);
-               }
-               if (context.selectedIDs().indexOf(woodRoadID) === -1) {
-                   context.enter(modeSelect(context, [woodRoadID]));
-               }
+             var advance = function advance() {
+               continueTo(addNode);
+             };
 
-               var padding = 80 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 19);
+             reveal(box, helpHtml('intro.lines.update_line'), {
+               buttonText: _t.html('intro.ok'),
+               buttonCallback: advance
+             });
+             context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function () {
+               var padding = 250 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 19);
                var box = pad(woodRoadDragMidpoint, padding, context);
-               reveal(box, helpString('intro.lines.start_drag_midpoint'));
-
-               context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function() {
-                   if (!context.hasEntity(woodRoadID) || !context.hasEntity(woodRoadEndID)) {
-                       return continueTo(updateLine);
-                   }
-                   var padding = 80 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 19);
-                   var box = pad(woodRoadDragMidpoint, padding, context);
-                   reveal(box, helpString('intro.lines.start_drag_midpoint'), { duration: 0 });
+               reveal(box, helpHtml('intro.lines.update_line'), {
+                 duration: 0,
+                 buttonText: _t.html('intro.ok'),
+                 buttonCallback: advance
                });
+             });
+           }, msec + 100);
 
-               context.history().on('change.intro', function(changed) {
-                   if (changed.created().length === 1) {
-                       continueTo(continueDragMidpoint);
-                   }
-               });
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
+           }
+         }
 
-               context.on('enter.intro', function(mode) {
-                   if (mode.id !== 'select') {
-                       // keep Wood Road selected so midpoint triangles are drawn..
-                       context.enter(modeSelect(context, [woodRoadID]));
-                   }
-               });
+         function addNode() {
+           context.history().reset('doneAddLine');
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
-                   context.history().on('change.intro', null);
-                   context.on('enter.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
+           if (!context.hasEntity(woodRoadID) || !context.hasEntity(woodRoadEndID)) {
+             return chapter.restart();
            }
 
+           var padding = 40 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 19);
+           var box = pad(woodRoadAddNode, padding, context);
+           var addNodeString = helpHtml('intro.lines.add_node' + (context.lastPointerType() === 'mouse' ? '' : '_touch'));
+           reveal(box, addNodeString);
+           context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function () {
+             var padding = 40 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 19);
+             var box = pad(woodRoadAddNode, padding, context);
+             reveal(box, addNodeString, {
+               duration: 0
+             });
+           });
+           context.history().on('change.intro', function (changed) {
+             if (!context.hasEntity(woodRoadID) || !context.hasEntity(woodRoadEndID)) {
+               return continueTo(updateLine);
+             }
 
-           function continueDragMidpoint() {
-               if (!context.hasEntity(woodRoadID) || !context.hasEntity(woodRoadEndID)) {
-                   return continueTo(updateLine);
-               }
+             if (changed.created().length === 1) {
+               timeout(function () {
+                 continueTo(startDragEndpoint);
+               }, 500);
+             }
+           });
+           context.on('enter.intro', function (mode) {
+             if (mode.id !== 'select') {
+               continueTo(updateLine);
+             }
+           });
 
-               var padding = 100 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 19);
-               var box = pad(woodRoadDragEndpoint, padding, context);
-               box.height += 400;
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
+             context.history().on('change.intro', null);
+             context.on('enter.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
+           }
+         }
 
-               var advance = function() {
-                   context.history().checkpoint('doneUpdateLine');
-                   continueTo(deleteLines);
-               };
+         function startDragEndpoint() {
+           if (!context.hasEntity(woodRoadID) || !context.hasEntity(woodRoadEndID)) {
+             return continueTo(updateLine);
+           }
 
-               reveal(box, helpString('intro.lines.continue_drag_midpoint'),
-                   { buttonText: _t('intro.ok'), buttonCallback: advance }
-               );
+           var padding = 100 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 19);
+           var box = pad(woodRoadDragEndpoint, padding, context);
+           var startDragString = helpHtml('intro.lines.start_drag_endpoint' + (context.lastPointerType() === 'mouse' ? '' : '_touch')) + helpHtml('intro.lines.drag_to_intersection');
+           reveal(box, startDragString);
+           context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function () {
+             if (!context.hasEntity(woodRoadID) || !context.hasEntity(woodRoadEndID)) {
+               return continueTo(updateLine);
+             }
 
-               context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function() {
-                   if (!context.hasEntity(woodRoadID) || !context.hasEntity(woodRoadEndID)) {
-                       return continueTo(updateLine);
-                   }
-                   var padding = 100 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 19);
-                   var box = pad(woodRoadDragEndpoint, padding, context);
-                   box.height += 400;
-                   reveal(box, helpString('intro.lines.continue_drag_midpoint'),
-                       { duration: 0, buttonText: _t('intro.ok'), buttonCallback: advance }
-                   );
-               });
+             var padding = 100 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 19);
+             var box = pad(woodRoadDragEndpoint, padding, context);
+             reveal(box, startDragString, {
+               duration: 0
+             });
+             var entity = context.entity(woodRoadEndID);
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
+             if (geoSphericalDistance(entity.loc, woodRoadDragEndpoint) <= 4) {
+               continueTo(finishDragEndpoint);
+             }
+           });
+
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
            }
+         }
 
+         function finishDragEndpoint() {
+           if (!context.hasEntity(woodRoadID) || !context.hasEntity(woodRoadEndID)) {
+             return continueTo(updateLine);
+           }
 
-           function deleteLines() {
-               context.history().reset('doneUpdateLine');
-               context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+           var padding = 100 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 19);
+           var box = pad(woodRoadDragEndpoint, padding, context);
+           var finishDragString = helpHtml('intro.lines.spot_looks_good') + helpHtml('intro.lines.finish_drag_endpoint' + (context.lastPointerType() === 'mouse' ? '' : '_touch'));
+           reveal(box, finishDragString);
+           context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function () {
+             if (!context.hasEntity(woodRoadID) || !context.hasEntity(woodRoadEndID)) {
+               return continueTo(updateLine);
+             }
 
-               if (!context.hasEntity(washingtonStreetID) ||
-                   !context.hasEntity(twelfthAvenueID) ||
-                   !context.hasEntity(eleventhAvenueEndID)) {
-                   return chapter.restart();
-               }
-
-               var msec = transitionTime(deleteLinesLoc, context.map().center());
-               if (msec) { reveal(null, null, { duration: 0 }); }
-               context.map().centerZoomEase(deleteLinesLoc, 18, msec);
-
-               timeout(function() {
-                   var padding = 200 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 18);
-                   var box = pad(deleteLinesLoc, padding, context);
-                   box.top -= 200;
-                   box.height += 400;
-                   var advance = function() { continueTo(rightClickIntersection); };
-
-                   reveal(box, helpString('intro.lines.delete_lines', { street: _t('intro.graph.name.12th-avenue') }),
-                       { buttonText: _t('intro.ok'), buttonCallback: advance }
-                   );
-
-                   context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function() {
-                       var padding = 200 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 18);
-                       var box = pad(deleteLinesLoc, padding, context);
-                       box.top -= 200;
-                       box.height += 400;
-                       reveal(box, helpString('intro.lines.delete_lines', { street: _t('intro.graph.name.12th-avenue') }),
-                           { duration: 0, buttonText: _t('intro.ok'), buttonCallback: advance }
-                       );
-                   });
+             var padding = 100 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 19);
+             var box = pad(woodRoadDragEndpoint, padding, context);
+             reveal(box, finishDragString, {
+               duration: 0
+             });
+             var entity = context.entity(woodRoadEndID);
 
-                   context.history().on('change.intro', function() {
-                       timeout(function() {
-                           continueTo(deleteLines);
-                       }, 500);  // after any transition (e.g. if user deleted intersection)
-                   });
+             if (geoSphericalDistance(entity.loc, woodRoadDragEndpoint) > 4) {
+               continueTo(startDragEndpoint);
+             }
+           });
+           context.on('enter.intro', function () {
+             continueTo(startDragMidpoint);
+           });
 
-               }, msec + 100);
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
+             context.on('enter.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
+           }
+         }
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
-                   context.history().on('change.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
+         function startDragMidpoint() {
+           if (!context.hasEntity(woodRoadID) || !context.hasEntity(woodRoadEndID)) {
+             return continueTo(updateLine);
            }
 
+           if (context.selectedIDs().indexOf(woodRoadID) === -1) {
+             context.enter(modeSelect(context, [woodRoadID]));
+           }
 
-           function rightClickIntersection() {
-               context.history().reset('doneUpdateLine');
-               context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+           var padding = 80 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 19);
+           var box = pad(woodRoadDragMidpoint, padding, context);
+           reveal(box, helpHtml('intro.lines.start_drag_midpoint'));
+           context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function () {
+             if (!context.hasEntity(woodRoadID) || !context.hasEntity(woodRoadEndID)) {
+               return continueTo(updateLine);
+             }
 
-               context.map().centerZoomEase(eleventhAvenueEnd, 18, 500);
+             var padding = 80 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 19);
+             var box = pad(woodRoadDragMidpoint, padding, context);
+             reveal(box, helpHtml('intro.lines.start_drag_midpoint'), {
+               duration: 0
+             });
+           });
+           context.history().on('change.intro', function (changed) {
+             if (changed.created().length === 1) {
+               continueTo(continueDragMidpoint);
+             }
+           });
+           context.on('enter.intro', function (mode) {
+             if (mode.id !== 'select') {
+               // keep Wood Road selected so midpoint triangles are drawn..
+               context.enter(modeSelect(context, [woodRoadID]));
+             }
+           });
 
-               var rightClickString = helpString('intro.lines.split_street', {
-                       street1: _t('intro.graph.name.11th-avenue'),
-                       street2: _t('intro.graph.name.washington-street')
-                   }) +
-                   helpString('intro.lines.' + (context.lastPointerType() === 'mouse' ? 'rightclick_intersection' : 'edit_menu_intersection_touch'));
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
+             context.history().on('change.intro', null);
+             context.on('enter.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
+           }
+         }
 
-               timeout(function() {
-                   var padding = 60 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 18);
-                   var box = pad(eleventhAvenueEnd, padding, context);
-                   reveal(box, rightClickString);
+         function continueDragMidpoint() {
+           if (!context.hasEntity(woodRoadID) || !context.hasEntity(woodRoadEndID)) {
+             return continueTo(updateLine);
+           }
 
-                   context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function() {
-                       var padding = 60 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 18);
-                       var box = pad(eleventhAvenueEnd, padding, context);
-                       reveal(box, rightClickString,
-                           { duration: 0 }
-                       );
-                   });
+           var padding = 100 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 19);
+           var box = pad(woodRoadDragEndpoint, padding, context);
+           box.height += 400;
 
-                   context.on('enter.intro', function(mode) {
-                       if (mode.id !== 'select') return;
-                       var ids = context.selectedIDs();
-                       if (ids.length !== 1 || ids[0] !== eleventhAvenueEndID) return;
+           var advance = function advance() {
+             context.history().checkpoint('doneUpdateLine');
+             continueTo(deleteLines);
+           };
 
-                       timeout(function() {
-                           var node = selectMenuItem(context, 'split').node();
-                           if (!node) return;
-                           continueTo(splitIntersection);
-                       }, 50);  // after menu visible
-                   });
+           reveal(box, helpHtml('intro.lines.continue_drag_midpoint'), {
+             buttonText: _t.html('intro.ok'),
+             buttonCallback: advance
+           });
+           context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function () {
+             if (!context.hasEntity(woodRoadID) || !context.hasEntity(woodRoadEndID)) {
+               return continueTo(updateLine);
+             }
+
+             var padding = 100 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 19);
+             var box = pad(woodRoadDragEndpoint, padding, context);
+             box.height += 400;
+             reveal(box, helpHtml('intro.lines.continue_drag_midpoint'), {
+               duration: 0,
+               buttonText: _t.html('intro.ok'),
+               buttonCallback: advance
+             });
+           });
 
-                   context.history().on('change.intro', function() {
-                       timeout(function() {
-                           continueTo(deleteLines);
-                       }, 300);  // after any transition (e.g. if user deleted intersection)
-                   });
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
+           }
+         }
 
-               }, 600);
+         function deleteLines() {
+           context.history().reset('doneUpdateLine');
+           context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
-                   context.on('enter.intro', null);
-                   context.history().on('change.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
+           if (!context.hasEntity(washingtonStreetID) || !context.hasEntity(twelfthAvenueID) || !context.hasEntity(eleventhAvenueEndID)) {
+             return chapter.restart();
            }
 
+           var msec = transitionTime(deleteLinesLoc, context.map().center());
 
-           function splitIntersection() {
-               if (!context.hasEntity(washingtonStreetID) ||
-                   !context.hasEntity(twelfthAvenueID) ||
-                   !context.hasEntity(eleventhAvenueEndID)) {
-                   return continueTo(deleteLines);
-               }
+           if (msec) {
+             reveal(null, null, {
+               duration: 0
+             });
+           }
 
-               var node = selectMenuItem(context, 'split').node();
-               if (!node) { return continueTo(rightClickIntersection); }
+           context.map().centerZoomEase(deleteLinesLoc, 18, msec);
+           timeout(function () {
+             var padding = 200 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 18);
+             var box = pad(deleteLinesLoc, padding, context);
+             box.top -= 200;
+             box.height += 400;
 
-               var wasChanged = false;
-               _washingtonSegmentID = null;
+             var advance = function advance() {
+               continueTo(rightClickIntersection);
+             };
 
-               reveal('.edit-menu', helpString('intro.lines.split_intersection',
-                   { street: _t('intro.graph.name.washington-street') }),
-                   { padding: 50 }
-               );
+             reveal(box, helpHtml('intro.lines.delete_lines', {
+               street: _t('intro.graph.name.12th-avenue')
+             }), {
+               buttonText: _t.html('intro.ok'),
+               buttonCallback: advance
+             });
+             context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function () {
+               var padding = 200 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 18);
+               var box = pad(deleteLinesLoc, padding, context);
+               box.top -= 200;
+               box.height += 400;
+               reveal(box, helpHtml('intro.lines.delete_lines', {
+                 street: _t('intro.graph.name.12th-avenue')
+               }), {
+                 duration: 0,
+                 buttonText: _t.html('intro.ok'),
+                 buttonCallback: advance
+               });
+             });
+             context.history().on('change.intro', function () {
+               timeout(function () {
+                 continueTo(deleteLines);
+               }, 500); // after any transition (e.g. if user deleted intersection)
+             });
+           }, msec + 100);
 
-               context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function() {
-                   var node = selectMenuItem(context, 'split').node();
-                   if (!wasChanged && !node) { return continueTo(rightClickIntersection); }
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
+             context.history().on('change.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
+           }
+         }
 
-                   reveal('.edit-menu', helpString('intro.lines.split_intersection',
-                       { street: _t('intro.graph.name.washington-street') }),
-                       { duration: 0, padding: 50 }
-                   );
+         function rightClickIntersection() {
+           context.history().reset('doneUpdateLine');
+           context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+           context.map().centerZoomEase(eleventhAvenueEnd, 18, 500);
+           var rightClickString = helpHtml('intro.lines.split_street', {
+             street1: _t('intro.graph.name.11th-avenue'),
+             street2: _t('intro.graph.name.washington-street')
+           }) + helpHtml('intro.lines.' + (context.lastPointerType() === 'mouse' ? 'rightclick_intersection' : 'edit_menu_intersection_touch'));
+           timeout(function () {
+             var padding = 60 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 18);
+             var box = pad(eleventhAvenueEnd, padding, context);
+             reveal(box, rightClickString);
+             context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function () {
+               var padding = 60 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 18);
+               var box = pad(eleventhAvenueEnd, padding, context);
+               reveal(box, rightClickString, {
+                 duration: 0
                });
+             });
+             context.on('enter.intro', function (mode) {
+               if (mode.id !== 'select') return;
+               var ids = context.selectedIDs();
+               if (ids.length !== 1 || ids[0] !== eleventhAvenueEndID) return;
+               timeout(function () {
+                 var node = selectMenuItem(context, 'split').node();
+                 if (!node) return;
+                 continueTo(splitIntersection);
+               }, 50); // after menu visible
+             });
+             context.history().on('change.intro', function () {
+               timeout(function () {
+                 continueTo(deleteLines);
+               }, 300); // after any transition (e.g. if user deleted intersection)
+             });
+           }, 600);
 
-               context.history().on('change.intro', function(changed) {
-                   wasChanged = true;
-                   timeout(function() {
-                       if (context.history().undoAnnotation() === _t('operations.split.annotation.line')) {
-                           _washingtonSegmentID = changed.created()[0].id;
-                           continueTo(didSplit);
-                       } else {
-                           _washingtonSegmentID = null;
-                           continueTo(retrySplit);
-                       }
-                   }, 300);  // after any transition (e.g. if user deleted intersection)
-               });
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
+             context.on('enter.intro', null);
+             context.history().on('change.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
+           }
+         }
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
-                   context.history().on('change.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
+         function splitIntersection() {
+           if (!context.hasEntity(washingtonStreetID) || !context.hasEntity(twelfthAvenueID) || !context.hasEntity(eleventhAvenueEndID)) {
+             return continueTo(deleteLines);
            }
 
+           var node = selectMenuItem(context, 'split').node();
 
-           function retrySplit() {
-               context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
-               context.map().centerZoomEase(eleventhAvenueEnd, 18, 500);
-               var advance = function() { continueTo(rightClickIntersection); };
+           if (!node) {
+             return continueTo(rightClickIntersection);
+           }
 
-               var padding = 60 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 18);
-               var box = pad(eleventhAvenueEnd, padding, context);
-               reveal(box, helpString('intro.lines.retry_split'),
-                   { buttonText: _t('intro.ok'), buttonCallback: advance }
-               );
+           var wasChanged = false;
+           _washingtonSegmentID = null;
+           reveal('.edit-menu', helpHtml('intro.lines.split_intersection', {
+             street: _t('intro.graph.name.washington-street')
+           }), {
+             padding: 50
+           });
+           context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function () {
+             var node = selectMenuItem(context, 'split').node();
 
-               context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function() {
-                   var padding = 60 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 18);
-                   var box = pad(eleventhAvenueEnd, padding, context);
-                   reveal(box, helpString('intro.lines.retry_split'),
-                       { duration: 0, buttonText: _t('intro.ok'), buttonCallback: advance }
-                   );
-               });
+             if (!wasChanged && !node) {
+               return continueTo(rightClickIntersection);
+             }
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
+             reveal('.edit-menu', helpHtml('intro.lines.split_intersection', {
+               street: _t('intro.graph.name.washington-street')
+             }), {
+               duration: 0,
+               padding: 50
+             });
+           });
+           context.history().on('change.intro', function (changed) {
+             wasChanged = true;
+             timeout(function () {
+               if (context.history().undoAnnotation() === _t('operations.split.annotation.line', {
+                 n: 1
+               })) {
+                 _washingtonSegmentID = changed.created()[0].id;
+                 continueTo(didSplit);
+               } else {
+                 _washingtonSegmentID = null;
+                 continueTo(retrySplit);
                }
+             }, 300); // after any transition (e.g. if user deleted intersection)
+           });
+
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
+             context.history().on('change.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
            }
+         }
 
+         function retrySplit() {
+           context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+           context.map().centerZoomEase(eleventhAvenueEnd, 18, 500);
 
-           function didSplit() {
-               if (!_washingtonSegmentID ||
-                   !context.hasEntity(_washingtonSegmentID) ||
-                   !context.hasEntity(washingtonStreetID) ||
-                   !context.hasEntity(twelfthAvenueID) ||
-                   !context.hasEntity(eleventhAvenueEndID)) {
-                   return continueTo(rightClickIntersection);
-               }
+           var advance = function advance() {
+             continueTo(rightClickIntersection);
+           };
 
-               var ids = context.selectedIDs();
-               var string = 'intro.lines.did_split_' + (ids.length > 1 ? 'multi' : 'single');
-               var street = _t('intro.graph.name.washington-street');
+           var padding = 60 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 18);
+           var box = pad(eleventhAvenueEnd, padding, context);
+           reveal(box, helpHtml('intro.lines.retry_split'), {
+             buttonText: _t.html('intro.ok'),
+             buttonCallback: advance
+           });
+           context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function () {
+             var padding = 60 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 18);
+             var box = pad(eleventhAvenueEnd, padding, context);
+             reveal(box, helpHtml('intro.lines.retry_split'), {
+               duration: 0,
+               buttonText: _t.html('intro.ok'),
+               buttonCallback: advance
+             });
+           });
+
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
+           }
+         }
+
+         function didSplit() {
+           if (!_washingtonSegmentID || !context.hasEntity(_washingtonSegmentID) || !context.hasEntity(washingtonStreetID) || !context.hasEntity(twelfthAvenueID) || !context.hasEntity(eleventhAvenueEndID)) {
+             return continueTo(rightClickIntersection);
+           }
 
+           var ids = context.selectedIDs();
+           var string = 'intro.lines.did_split_' + (ids.length > 1 ? 'multi' : 'single');
+           var street = _t('intro.graph.name.washington-street');
+           var padding = 200 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 18);
+           var box = pad(twelfthAvenue, padding, context);
+           box.width = box.width / 2;
+           reveal(box, helpHtml(string, {
+             street1: street,
+             street2: street
+           }), {
+             duration: 500
+           });
+           timeout(function () {
+             context.map().centerZoomEase(twelfthAvenue, 18, 500);
+             context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function () {
                var padding = 200 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 18);
                var box = pad(twelfthAvenue, padding, context);
                box.width = box.width / 2;
-               reveal(box, helpString(string, { street1: street, street2: street }),
-                   { duration: 500 }
-               );
+               reveal(box, helpHtml(string, {
+                 street1: street,
+                 street2: street
+               }), {
+                 duration: 0
+               });
+             });
+           }, 600); // after initial reveal and curtain cut
 
-               timeout(function() {
-                   context.map().centerZoomEase(twelfthAvenue, 18, 500);
+           context.on('enter.intro', function () {
+             var ids = context.selectedIDs();
 
-                   context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function() {
-                       var padding = 200 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 18);
-                       var box = pad(twelfthAvenue, padding, context);
-                       box.width = box.width / 2;
-                       reveal(box, helpString(string, { street1: street, street2: street }),
-                           { duration: 0 }
-                       );
-                   });
-               }, 600);  // after initial reveal and curtain cut
+             if (ids.length === 1 && ids[0] === _washingtonSegmentID) {
+               continueTo(multiSelect);
+             }
+           });
+           context.history().on('change.intro', function () {
+             if (!_washingtonSegmentID || !context.hasEntity(_washingtonSegmentID) || !context.hasEntity(washingtonStreetID) || !context.hasEntity(twelfthAvenueID) || !context.hasEntity(eleventhAvenueEndID)) {
+               return continueTo(rightClickIntersection);
+             }
+           });
 
-               context.on('enter.intro', function() {
-                   var ids = context.selectedIDs();
-                   if (ids.length === 1 && ids[0] === _washingtonSegmentID) {
-                       continueTo(multiSelect);
-                   }
-               });
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
+             context.on('enter.intro', null);
+             context.history().on('change.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
+           }
+         }
 
-               context.history().on('change.intro', function() {
-                   if (!_washingtonSegmentID ||
-                       !context.hasEntity(_washingtonSegmentID) ||
-                       !context.hasEntity(washingtonStreetID) ||
-                       !context.hasEntity(twelfthAvenueID) ||
-                       !context.hasEntity(eleventhAvenueEndID)) {
-                       return continueTo(rightClickIntersection);
-                   }
-               });
+         function multiSelect() {
+           if (!_washingtonSegmentID || !context.hasEntity(_washingtonSegmentID) || !context.hasEntity(washingtonStreetID) || !context.hasEntity(twelfthAvenueID) || !context.hasEntity(eleventhAvenueEndID)) {
+             return continueTo(rightClickIntersection);
+           }
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
-                   context.on('enter.intro', null);
-                   context.history().on('change.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
+           var ids = context.selectedIDs();
+           var hasWashington = ids.indexOf(_washingtonSegmentID) !== -1;
+           var hasTwelfth = ids.indexOf(twelfthAvenueID) !== -1;
+
+           if (hasWashington && hasTwelfth) {
+             return continueTo(multiRightClick);
+           } else if (!hasWashington && !hasTwelfth) {
+             return continueTo(didSplit);
            }
 
+           context.map().centerZoomEase(twelfthAvenue, 18, 500);
+           timeout(function () {
+             var selected, other, padding, box;
 
-           function multiSelect() {
-               if (!_washingtonSegmentID ||
-                   !context.hasEntity(_washingtonSegmentID) ||
-                   !context.hasEntity(washingtonStreetID) ||
-                   !context.hasEntity(twelfthAvenueID) ||
-                   !context.hasEntity(eleventhAvenueEndID)) {
-                   return continueTo(rightClickIntersection);
+             if (hasWashington) {
+               selected = _t('intro.graph.name.washington-street');
+               other = _t('intro.graph.name.12th-avenue');
+               padding = 60 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 18);
+               box = pad(twelfthAvenueEnd, padding, context);
+               box.width *= 3;
+             } else {
+               selected = _t('intro.graph.name.12th-avenue');
+               other = _t('intro.graph.name.washington-street');
+               padding = 200 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 18);
+               box = pad(twelfthAvenue, padding, context);
+               box.width /= 2;
+             }
+
+             reveal(box, helpHtml('intro.lines.multi_select', {
+               selected: selected,
+               other1: other
+             }) + ' ' + helpHtml('intro.lines.add_to_selection_' + (context.lastPointerType() === 'mouse' ? 'click' : 'touch'), {
+               selected: selected,
+               other2: other
+             }));
+             context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function () {
+               if (hasWashington) {
+                 selected = _t('intro.graph.name.washington-street');
+                 other = _t('intro.graph.name.12th-avenue');
+                 padding = 60 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 18);
+                 box = pad(twelfthAvenueEnd, padding, context);
+                 box.width *= 3;
+               } else {
+                 selected = _t('intro.graph.name.12th-avenue');
+                 other = _t('intro.graph.name.washington-street');
+                 padding = 200 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 18);
+                 box = pad(twelfthAvenue, padding, context);
+                 box.width /= 2;
+               }
+
+               reveal(box, helpHtml('intro.lines.multi_select', {
+                 selected: selected,
+                 other1: other
+               }) + ' ' + helpHtml('intro.lines.add_to_selection_' + (context.lastPointerType() === 'mouse' ? 'click' : 'touch'), {
+                 selected: selected,
+                 other2: other
+               }), {
+                 duration: 0
+               });
+             });
+             context.on('enter.intro', function () {
+               continueTo(multiSelect);
+             });
+             context.history().on('change.intro', function () {
+               if (!_washingtonSegmentID || !context.hasEntity(_washingtonSegmentID) || !context.hasEntity(washingtonStreetID) || !context.hasEntity(twelfthAvenueID) || !context.hasEntity(eleventhAvenueEndID)) {
+                 return continueTo(rightClickIntersection);
                }
+             });
+           }, 600);
+
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
+             context.on('enter.intro', null);
+             context.history().on('change.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
+           }
+         }
 
+         function multiRightClick() {
+           if (!_washingtonSegmentID || !context.hasEntity(_washingtonSegmentID) || !context.hasEntity(washingtonStreetID) || !context.hasEntity(twelfthAvenueID) || !context.hasEntity(eleventhAvenueEndID)) {
+             return continueTo(rightClickIntersection);
+           }
+
+           var padding = 200 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 18);
+           var box = pad(twelfthAvenue, padding, context);
+           var rightClickString = helpHtml('intro.lines.multi_select_success') + helpHtml('intro.lines.multi_' + (context.lastPointerType() === 'mouse' ? 'rightclick' : 'edit_menu_touch'));
+           reveal(box, rightClickString);
+           context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function () {
+             var padding = 200 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 18);
+             var box = pad(twelfthAvenue, padding, context);
+             reveal(box, rightClickString, {
+               duration: 0
+             });
+           });
+           context.ui().editMenu().on('toggled.intro', function (open) {
+             if (!open) return;
+             timeout(function () {
                var ids = context.selectedIDs();
-               var hasWashington = ids.indexOf(_washingtonSegmentID) !== -1;
-               var hasTwelfth = ids.indexOf(twelfthAvenueID) !== -1;
 
-               if (hasWashington && hasTwelfth) {
-                   return continueTo(multiRightClick);
-               } else if (!hasWashington && !hasTwelfth) {
-                   return continueTo(didSplit);
+               if (ids.length === 2 && ids.indexOf(twelfthAvenueID) !== -1 && ids.indexOf(_washingtonSegmentID) !== -1) {
+                 var node = selectMenuItem(context, 'delete').node();
+                 if (!node) return;
+                 continueTo(multiDelete);
+               } else if (ids.length === 1 && ids.indexOf(_washingtonSegmentID) !== -1) {
+                 return continueTo(multiSelect);
+               } else {
+                 return continueTo(didSplit);
                }
+             }, 300); // after edit menu visible
+           });
+           context.history().on('change.intro', function () {
+             if (!_washingtonSegmentID || !context.hasEntity(_washingtonSegmentID) || !context.hasEntity(washingtonStreetID) || !context.hasEntity(twelfthAvenueID) || !context.hasEntity(eleventhAvenueEndID)) {
+               return continueTo(rightClickIntersection);
+             }
+           });
 
-               context.map().centerZoomEase(twelfthAvenue, 18, 500);
-
-               timeout(function() {
-                   var selected, other, padding, box;
-                   if (hasWashington) {
-                       selected = _t('intro.graph.name.washington-street');
-                       other = _t('intro.graph.name.12th-avenue');
-                       padding = 60 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 18);
-                       box = pad(twelfthAvenueEnd, padding, context);
-                       box.width *= 3;
-                   } else {
-                       selected = _t('intro.graph.name.12th-avenue');
-                       other = _t('intro.graph.name.washington-street');
-                       padding = 200 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 18);
-                       box = pad(twelfthAvenue, padding, context);
-                       box.width /= 2;
-                   }
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
+             context.ui().editMenu().on('toggled.intro', null);
+             context.history().on('change.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
+           }
+         }
 
-                   reveal(box,
-                       helpString('intro.lines.multi_select',
-                           { selected: selected, other1: other }) + ' ' +
-                       helpString('intro.lines.add_to_selection_' + (context.lastPointerType() === 'mouse' ? 'click' : 'touch'),
-                           { selected: selected, other2: other })
-                   );
-
-                   context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function() {
-                       if (hasWashington) {
-                           selected = _t('intro.graph.name.washington-street');
-                           other = _t('intro.graph.name.12th-avenue');
-                           padding = 60 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 18);
-                           box = pad(twelfthAvenueEnd, padding, context);
-                           box.width *= 3;
-                       } else {
-                           selected = _t('intro.graph.name.12th-avenue');
-                           other = _t('intro.graph.name.washington-street');
-                           padding = 200 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 18);
-                           box = pad(twelfthAvenue, padding, context);
-                           box.width /= 2;
-                       }
+         function multiDelete() {
+           if (!_washingtonSegmentID || !context.hasEntity(_washingtonSegmentID) || !context.hasEntity(washingtonStreetID) || !context.hasEntity(twelfthAvenueID) || !context.hasEntity(eleventhAvenueEndID)) {
+             return continueTo(rightClickIntersection);
+           }
 
-                       reveal(box,
-                           helpString('intro.lines.multi_select',
-                               { selected: selected, other1: other }) + ' ' +
-                           helpString('intro.lines.add_to_selection_' + (context.lastPointerType() === 'mouse' ? 'click' : 'touch'),
-                               { selected: selected, other2: other }),
-                           { duration: 0 }
-                       );
-                   });
+           var node = selectMenuItem(context, 'delete').node();
+           if (!node) return continueTo(multiRightClick);
+           reveal('.edit-menu', helpHtml('intro.lines.multi_delete'), {
+             padding: 50
+           });
+           context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function () {
+             reveal('.edit-menu', helpHtml('intro.lines.multi_delete'), {
+               duration: 0,
+               padding: 50
+             });
+           });
+           context.on('exit.intro', function () {
+             if (context.hasEntity(_washingtonSegmentID) || context.hasEntity(twelfthAvenueID)) {
+               return continueTo(multiSelect); // left select mode but roads still exist
+             }
+           });
+           context.history().on('change.intro', function () {
+             if (context.hasEntity(_washingtonSegmentID) || context.hasEntity(twelfthAvenueID)) {
+               continueTo(retryDelete); // changed something but roads still exist
+             } else {
+               continueTo(play);
+             }
+           });
 
-                   context.on('enter.intro', function() {
-                       continueTo(multiSelect);
-                   });
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
+             context.on('exit.intro', null);
+             context.history().on('change.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
+           }
+         }
 
-                   context.history().on('change.intro', function() {
-                       if (!_washingtonSegmentID ||
-                           !context.hasEntity(_washingtonSegmentID) ||
-                           !context.hasEntity(washingtonStreetID) ||
-                           !context.hasEntity(twelfthAvenueID) ||
-                           !context.hasEntity(eleventhAvenueEndID)) {
-                           return continueTo(rightClickIntersection);
-                       }
-                   });
-               }, 600);
+         function retryDelete() {
+           context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+           var padding = 200 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 18);
+           var box = pad(twelfthAvenue, padding, context);
+           reveal(box, helpHtml('intro.lines.retry_delete'), {
+             buttonText: _t.html('intro.ok'),
+             buttonCallback: function buttonCallback() {
+               continueTo(multiSelect);
+             }
+           });
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
-                   context.on('enter.intro', null);
-                   context.history().on('change.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             nextStep();
            }
+         }
 
+         function play() {
+           dispatch.call('done');
+           reveal('.ideditor', helpHtml('intro.lines.play', {
+             next: _t('intro.buildings.title')
+           }), {
+             tooltipBox: '.intro-nav-wrap .chapter-building',
+             buttonText: _t.html('intro.ok'),
+             buttonCallback: function buttonCallback() {
+               reveal('.ideditor');
+             }
+           });
+         }
 
-           function multiRightClick() {
-               if (!_washingtonSegmentID ||
-                   !context.hasEntity(_washingtonSegmentID) ||
-                   !context.hasEntity(washingtonStreetID) ||
-                   !context.hasEntity(twelfthAvenueID) ||
-                   !context.hasEntity(eleventhAvenueEndID)) {
-                   return continueTo(rightClickIntersection);
-               }
+         chapter.enter = function () {
+           addLine();
+         };
 
-               var padding = 200 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 18);
-               var box = pad(twelfthAvenue, padding, context);
+         chapter.exit = function () {
+           timeouts.forEach(window.clearTimeout);
+           select(window).on('pointerdown.intro mousedown.intro', null, true);
+           context.on('enter.intro exit.intro', null);
+           context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
+           context.history().on('change.intro', null);
+           context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', null);
+           context.container().select('.preset-list-button').on('click.intro', null);
+         };
 
-               var rightClickString = helpString('intro.lines.multi_select_success') +
-                   helpString('intro.lines.multi_' + (context.lastPointerType() === 'mouse' ? 'rightclick' : 'edit_menu_touch'));
-               reveal(box, rightClickString);
+         chapter.restart = function () {
+           chapter.exit();
+           chapter.enter();
+         };
 
-               context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function() {
-                   var padding = 200 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 18);
-                   var box = pad(twelfthAvenue, padding, context);
-                   reveal(box, rightClickString, { duration: 0 });
-               });
+         return utilRebind(chapter, dispatch, 'on');
+       }
 
-               context.ui().editMenu().on('toggled.intro', function(open) {
-                   if (!open) return;
-
-                   timeout(function() {
-                       var ids = context.selectedIDs();
-                       if (ids.length === 2 &&
-                           ids.indexOf(twelfthAvenueID) !== -1 &&
-                           ids.indexOf(_washingtonSegmentID) !== -1) {
-                               var node = selectMenuItem(context, 'delete').node();
-                               if (!node) return;
-                               continueTo(multiDelete);
-                       } else if (ids.length === 1 &&
-                           ids.indexOf(_washingtonSegmentID) !== -1) {
-                           return continueTo(multiSelect);
-                       } else {
-                           return continueTo(didSplit);
-                       }
-                   }, 300);  // after edit menu visible
-               });
+       function uiIntroBuilding(context, reveal) {
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('done');
+         var house = [-85.62815, 41.95638];
+         var tank = [-85.62732, 41.95347];
+         var buildingCatetory = _mainPresetIndex.item('category-building');
+         var housePreset = _mainPresetIndex.item('building/house');
+         var tankPreset = _mainPresetIndex.item('man_made/storage_tank');
+         var timeouts = [];
+         var _houseID = null;
+         var _tankID = null;
+         var chapter = {
+           title: 'intro.buildings.title'
+         };
 
-               context.history().on('change.intro', function() {
-                   if (!_washingtonSegmentID ||
-                       !context.hasEntity(_washingtonSegmentID) ||
-                       !context.hasEntity(washingtonStreetID) ||
-                       !context.hasEntity(twelfthAvenueID) ||
-                       !context.hasEntity(eleventhAvenueEndID)) {
-                       return continueTo(rightClickIntersection);
-                   }
-               });
+         function timeout(f, t) {
+           timeouts.push(window.setTimeout(f, t));
+         }
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
-                   context.ui().editMenu().on('toggled.intro', null);
-                   context.history().on('change.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
-           }
+         function eventCancel(d3_event) {
+           d3_event.stopPropagation();
+           d3_event.preventDefault();
+         }
 
+         function revealHouse(center, text, options) {
+           var padding = 160 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 20);
+           var box = pad(center, padding, context);
+           reveal(box, text, options);
+         }
 
-           function multiDelete() {
-               if (!_washingtonSegmentID ||
-                   !context.hasEntity(_washingtonSegmentID) ||
-                   !context.hasEntity(washingtonStreetID) ||
-                   !context.hasEntity(twelfthAvenueID) ||
-                   !context.hasEntity(eleventhAvenueEndID)) {
-                   return continueTo(rightClickIntersection);
-               }
+         function revealTank(center, text, options) {
+           var padding = 190 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 19.5);
+           var box = pad(center, padding, context);
+           reveal(box, text, options);
+         }
 
-               var node = selectMenuItem(context, 'delete').node();
-               if (!node) return continueTo(multiRightClick);
+         function addHouse() {
+           context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+           context.history().reset('initial');
+           _houseID = null;
+           var msec = transitionTime(house, context.map().center());
 
-               reveal('.edit-menu',
-                   helpString('intro.lines.multi_delete'),
-                   { padding: 50 }
-               );
+           if (msec) {
+             reveal(null, null, {
+               duration: 0
+             });
+           }
+
+           context.map().centerZoomEase(house, 19, msec);
+           timeout(function () {
+             var tooltip = reveal('button.add-area', helpHtml('intro.buildings.add_building'));
+             tooltip.selectAll('.popover-inner').insert('svg', 'span').attr('class', 'tooltip-illustration').append('use').attr('xlink:href', '#iD-graphic-buildings');
+             context.on('enter.intro', function (mode) {
+               if (mode.id !== 'add-area') return;
+               continueTo(startHouse);
+             });
+           }, msec + 100);
 
-               context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function() {
-                   reveal('.edit-menu',
-                       helpString('intro.lines.multi_delete'),
-                       { duration: 0, padding: 50 }
-                   );
-               });
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.on('enter.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
+           }
+         }
 
-               context.on('exit.intro', function() {
-                   if (context.hasEntity(_washingtonSegmentID) || context.hasEntity(twelfthAvenueID)) {
-                       return continueTo(multiSelect);  // left select mode but roads still exist
-                   }
-               });
+         function startHouse() {
+           if (context.mode().id !== 'add-area') {
+             return continueTo(addHouse);
+           }
 
-               context.history().on('change.intro', function() {
-                   if (context.hasEntity(_washingtonSegmentID) || context.hasEntity(twelfthAvenueID)) {
-                       continueTo(retryDelete);         // changed something but roads still exist
-                   } else {
-                       continueTo(play);
-                   }
+           _houseID = null;
+           context.map().zoomEase(20, 500);
+           timeout(function () {
+             var startString = helpHtml('intro.buildings.start_building') + helpHtml('intro.buildings.building_corner_' + (context.lastPointerType() === 'mouse' ? 'click' : 'tap'));
+             revealHouse(house, startString);
+             context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function () {
+               revealHouse(house, startString, {
+                 duration: 0
                });
+             });
+             context.on('enter.intro', function (mode) {
+               if (mode.id !== 'draw-area') return chapter.restart();
+               continueTo(continueHouse);
+             });
+           }, 550); // after easing
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
-                   context.on('exit.intro', null);
-                   context.history().on('change.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
+             context.on('enter.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
            }
+         }
 
+         function continueHouse() {
+           if (context.mode().id !== 'draw-area') {
+             return continueTo(addHouse);
+           }
 
-           function retryDelete() {
-               context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
-
-               var padding = 200 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 18);
-               var box = pad(twelfthAvenue, padding, context);
-               reveal(box, helpString('intro.lines.retry_delete'), {
-                   buttonText: _t('intro.ok'),
-                   buttonCallback: function() { continueTo(multiSelect); }
+           _houseID = null;
+           var continueString = helpHtml('intro.buildings.continue_building') + '{br}' + helpHtml('intro.areas.finish_area_' + (context.lastPointerType() === 'mouse' ? 'click' : 'tap')) + helpHtml('intro.buildings.finish_building');
+           revealHouse(house, continueString);
+           context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function () {
+             revealHouse(house, continueString, {
+               duration: 0
+             });
+           });
+           context.on('enter.intro', function (mode) {
+             if (mode.id === 'draw-area') {
+               return;
+             } else if (mode.id === 'select') {
+               var graph = context.graph();
+               var way = context.entity(context.selectedIDs()[0]);
+               var nodes = graph.childNodes(way);
+               var points = utilArrayUniq(nodes).map(function (n) {
+                 return context.projection(n.loc);
                });
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   nextStep();
+               if (isMostlySquare(points)) {
+                 _houseID = way.id;
+                 return continueTo(chooseCategoryBuilding);
+               } else {
+                 return continueTo(retryHouse);
                }
+             } else {
+               return chapter.restart();
+             }
+           });
+
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
+             context.on('enter.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
            }
+         }
 
+         function retryHouse() {
+           var onClick = function onClick() {
+             continueTo(addHouse);
+           };
 
-           function play() {
-               dispatch$1.call('done');
-               reveal('.ideditor',
-                   helpString('intro.lines.play', { next: _t('intro.buildings.title') }), {
-                       tooltipBox: '.intro-nav-wrap .chapter-building',
-                       buttonText: _t('intro.ok'),
-                       buttonCallback: function() { reveal('.ideditor'); }
-                   }
-               );
-          }
+           revealHouse(house, helpHtml('intro.buildings.retry_building'), {
+             buttonText: _t.html('intro.ok'),
+             buttonCallback: onClick
+           });
+           context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function () {
+             revealHouse(house, helpHtml('intro.buildings.retry_building'), {
+               duration: 0,
+               buttonText: _t.html('intro.ok'),
+               buttonCallback: onClick
+             });
+           });
 
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
+           }
+         }
 
-           chapter.enter = function() {
-               addLine();
-           };
+         function chooseCategoryBuilding() {
+           if (!_houseID || !context.hasEntity(_houseID)) {
+             return addHouse();
+           }
 
+           var ids = context.selectedIDs();
 
-           chapter.exit = function() {
-               timeouts.forEach(window.clearTimeout);
-               select(window).on('pointerdown.intro mousedown.intro', null, true);
-               context.on('enter.intro exit.intro', null);
-               context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
-               context.history().on('change.intro', null);
-               context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', null);
-               context.container().select('.preset-list-button').on('click.intro', null);
-           };
+           if (context.mode().id !== 'select' || !ids.length || ids[0] !== _houseID) {
+             context.enter(modeSelect(context, [_houseID]));
+           } // disallow scrolling
 
 
-           chapter.restart = function() {
-               chapter.exit();
-               chapter.enter();
-           };
+           context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', eventCancel);
+           timeout(function () {
+             // reset pane, in case user somehow happened to change it..
+             context.container().select('.inspector-wrap .panewrap').style('right', '-100%');
+             var button = context.container().select('.preset-category-building .preset-list-button');
+             reveal(button.node(), helpHtml('intro.buildings.choose_category_building', {
+               category: buildingCatetory.name()
+             }));
+             button.on('click.intro', function () {
+               button.on('click.intro', null);
+               continueTo(choosePresetHouse);
+             });
+           }, 400); // after preset list pane visible..
 
+           context.on('enter.intro', function (mode) {
+             if (!_houseID || !context.hasEntity(_houseID)) {
+               return continueTo(addHouse);
+             }
 
-           return utilRebind(chapter, dispatch$1, 'on');
-       }
+             var ids = context.selectedIDs();
 
-       function uiIntroBuilding(context, reveal) {
-           var dispatch$1 = dispatch('done');
-           var house = [-85.62815, 41.95638];
-           var tank = [-85.62732, 41.95347];
-           var buildingCatetory = _mainPresetIndex.item('category-building');
-           var housePreset = _mainPresetIndex.item('building/house');
-           var tankPreset = _mainPresetIndex.item('man_made/storage_tank');
-           var timeouts = [];
-           var _houseID = null;
-           var _tankID = null;
-
-
-           var chapter = {
-               title: 'intro.buildings.title'
-           };
+             if (mode.id !== 'select' || !ids.length || ids[0] !== _houseID) {
+               return continueTo(chooseCategoryBuilding);
+             }
+           });
 
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', null);
+             context.container().select('.preset-list-button').on('click.intro', null);
+             context.on('enter.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
+           }
+         }
 
-           function timeout(f, t) {
-               timeouts.push(window.setTimeout(f, t));
+         function choosePresetHouse() {
+           if (!_houseID || !context.hasEntity(_houseID)) {
+             return addHouse();
            }
 
+           var ids = context.selectedIDs();
 
-           function eventCancel() {
-               event.stopPropagation();
-               event.preventDefault();
-           }
+           if (context.mode().id !== 'select' || !ids.length || ids[0] !== _houseID) {
+             context.enter(modeSelect(context, [_houseID]));
+           } // disallow scrolling
 
 
-           function revealHouse(center, text, options) {
-               var padding = 160 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 20);
-               var box = pad(center, padding, context);
-               reveal(box, text, options);
-           }
+           context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', eventCancel);
+           timeout(function () {
+             // reset pane, in case user somehow happened to change it..
+             context.container().select('.inspector-wrap .panewrap').style('right', '-100%');
+             var button = context.container().select('.preset-building-house .preset-list-button');
+             reveal(button.node(), helpHtml('intro.buildings.choose_preset_house', {
+               preset: housePreset.name()
+             }), {
+               duration: 300
+             });
+             button.on('click.intro', function () {
+               button.on('click.intro', null);
+               continueTo(closeEditorHouse);
+             });
+           }, 400); // after preset list pane visible..
+
+           context.on('enter.intro', function (mode) {
+             if (!_houseID || !context.hasEntity(_houseID)) {
+               return continueTo(addHouse);
+             }
 
+             var ids = context.selectedIDs();
 
-           function revealTank(center, text, options) {
-               var padding = 190 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 19.5);
-               var box = pad(center, padding, context);
-               reveal(box, text, options);
+             if (mode.id !== 'select' || !ids.length || ids[0] !== _houseID) {
+               return continueTo(chooseCategoryBuilding);
+             }
+           });
+
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', null);
+             context.container().select('.preset-list-button').on('click.intro', null);
+             context.on('enter.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
            }
+         }
 
+         function closeEditorHouse() {
+           if (!_houseID || !context.hasEntity(_houseID)) {
+             return addHouse();
+           }
 
-           function addHouse() {
-               context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
-               context.history().reset('initial');
-               _houseID = null;
-
-               var msec = transitionTime(house, context.map().center());
-               if (msec) { reveal(null, null, { duration: 0 }); }
-               context.map().centerZoomEase(house, 19, msec);
-
-               timeout(function() {
-                   var tooltip = reveal('button.add-area',
-                       helpString('intro.buildings.add_building'));
-
-                   tooltip.selectAll('.popover-inner')
-                       .insert('svg', 'span')
-                       .attr('class', 'tooltip-illustration')
-                       .append('use')
-                       .attr('xlink:href', '#iD-graphic-buildings');
-
-                   context.on('enter.intro', function(mode) {
-                       if (mode.id !== 'add-area') return;
-                       continueTo(startHouse);
-                   });
-               }, msec + 100);
+           var ids = context.selectedIDs();
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.on('enter.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
+           if (context.mode().id !== 'select' || !ids.length || ids[0] !== _houseID) {
+             context.enter(modeSelect(context, [_houseID]));
            }
 
+           context.history().checkpoint('hasHouse');
+           context.on('exit.intro', function () {
+             continueTo(rightClickHouse);
+           });
+           timeout(function () {
+             reveal('.entity-editor-pane', helpHtml('intro.buildings.close', {
+               button: icon('#iD-icon-close', 'inline')
+             }));
+           }, 500);
 
-           function startHouse() {
-               if (context.mode().id !== 'add-area') {
-                   return continueTo(addHouse);
-               }
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.on('exit.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
+           }
+         }
 
-               _houseID = null;
-               context.map().zoomEase(20, 500);
+         function rightClickHouse() {
+           if (!_houseID) return chapter.restart();
+           context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+           context.history().reset('hasHouse');
+           var zoom = context.map().zoom();
 
-               timeout(function() {
-                   var startString = helpString('intro.buildings.start_building') +
-                       helpString('intro.buildings.building_corner_' + (context.lastPointerType() === 'mouse' ? 'click' : 'tap'));
-                   revealHouse(house, startString);
+           if (zoom < 20) {
+             zoom = 20;
+           }
 
-                   context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function() {
-                       revealHouse(house, startString, { duration: 0 });
-                   });
+           context.map().centerZoomEase(house, zoom, 500);
+           context.on('enter.intro', function (mode) {
+             if (mode.id !== 'select') return;
+             var ids = context.selectedIDs();
+             if (ids.length !== 1 || ids[0] !== _houseID) return;
+             timeout(function () {
+               var node = selectMenuItem(context, 'orthogonalize').node();
+               if (!node) return;
+               continueTo(clickSquare);
+             }, 50); // after menu visible
+           });
+           context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function () {
+             var rightclickString = helpHtml('intro.buildings.' + (context.lastPointerType() === 'mouse' ? 'rightclick_building' : 'edit_menu_building_touch'));
+             revealHouse(house, rightclickString, {
+               duration: 0
+             });
+           });
+           context.history().on('change.intro', function () {
+             continueTo(rightClickHouse);
+           });
 
-                   context.on('enter.intro', function(mode) {
-                       if (mode.id !== 'draw-area') return chapter.restart();
-                       continueTo(continueHouse);
-                   });
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.on('enter.intro', null);
+             context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
+             context.history().on('change.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
+           }
+         }
 
-               }, 550);  // after easing
+         function clickSquare() {
+           if (!_houseID) return chapter.restart();
+           var entity = context.hasEntity(_houseID);
+           if (!entity) return continueTo(rightClickHouse);
+           var node = selectMenuItem(context, 'orthogonalize').node();
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
-                   context.on('enter.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
+           if (!node) {
+             return continueTo(rightClickHouse);
            }
 
+           var wasChanged = false;
+           reveal('.edit-menu', helpHtml('intro.buildings.square_building'), {
+             padding: 50
+           });
+           context.on('enter.intro', function (mode) {
+             if (mode.id === 'browse') {
+               continueTo(rightClickHouse);
+             } else if (mode.id === 'move' || mode.id === 'rotate') {
+               continueTo(retryClickSquare);
+             }
+           });
+           context.map().on('move.intro', function () {
+             var node = selectMenuItem(context, 'orthogonalize').node();
+
+             if (!wasChanged && !node) {
+               return continueTo(rightClickHouse);
+             }
+
+             reveal('.edit-menu', helpHtml('intro.buildings.square_building'), {
+               duration: 0,
+               padding: 50
+             });
+           });
+           context.history().on('change.intro', function () {
+             wasChanged = true;
+             context.history().on('change.intro', null); // Something changed.  Wait for transition to complete and check undo annotation.
 
-           function continueHouse() {
-               if (context.mode().id !== 'draw-area') {
-                   return continueTo(addHouse);
+             timeout(function () {
+               if (context.history().undoAnnotation() === _t('operations.orthogonalize.annotation.feature', {
+                 n: 1
+               })) {
+                 continueTo(doneSquare);
+               } else {
+                 continueTo(retryClickSquare);
                }
+             }, 500); // after transitioned actions
+           });
 
-               _houseID = null;
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.on('enter.intro', null);
+             context.map().on('move.intro', null);
+             context.history().on('change.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
+           }
+         }
 
-               var continueString = helpString('intro.buildings.continue_building') + '{br}' +
-                   helpString('intro.areas.finish_area_' + (context.lastPointerType() === 'mouse' ? 'click' : 'tap')) +
-                   helpString('intro.buildings.finish_building');
+         function retryClickSquare() {
+           context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+           revealHouse(house, helpHtml('intro.buildings.retry_square'), {
+             buttonText: _t.html('intro.ok'),
+             buttonCallback: function buttonCallback() {
+               continueTo(rightClickHouse);
+             }
+           });
 
-               revealHouse(house, continueString);
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             nextStep();
+           }
+         }
 
-               context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function() {
-                   revealHouse(house, continueString, { duration: 0 });
-               });
+         function doneSquare() {
+           context.history().checkpoint('doneSquare');
+           revealHouse(house, helpHtml('intro.buildings.done_square'), {
+             buttonText: _t.html('intro.ok'),
+             buttonCallback: function buttonCallback() {
+               continueTo(addTank);
+             }
+           });
 
-               context.on('enter.intro', function(mode) {
-                   if (mode.id === 'draw-area') {
-                       return;
-                   } else if (mode.id === 'select') {
-                       var graph = context.graph();
-                       var way = context.entity(context.selectedIDs()[0]);
-                       var nodes = graph.childNodes(way);
-                       var points = utilArrayUniq(nodes)
-                           .map(function(n) { return context.projection(n.loc); });
-
-                       if (isMostlySquare(points)) {
-                           _houseID = way.id;
-                           return continueTo(chooseCategoryBuilding);
-                       } else {
-                           return continueTo(retryHouse);
-                       }
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             nextStep();
+           }
+         }
 
-                   } else {
-                       return chapter.restart();
-                   }
-               });
+         function addTank() {
+           context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+           context.history().reset('doneSquare');
+           _tankID = null;
+           var msec = transitionTime(tank, context.map().center());
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
-                   context.on('enter.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
+           if (msec) {
+             reveal(null, null, {
+               duration: 0
+             });
            }
 
+           context.map().centerZoomEase(tank, 19.5, msec);
+           timeout(function () {
+             reveal('button.add-area', helpHtml('intro.buildings.add_tank'));
+             context.on('enter.intro', function (mode) {
+               if (mode.id !== 'add-area') return;
+               continueTo(startTank);
+             });
+           }, msec + 100);
 
-           function retryHouse() {
-               var onClick = function() { continueTo(addHouse); };
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.on('enter.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
+           }
+         }
 
-               revealHouse(house, helpString('intro.buildings.retry_building'),
-                   { buttonText: _t('intro.ok'), buttonCallback: onClick }
-               );
+         function startTank() {
+           if (context.mode().id !== 'add-area') {
+             return continueTo(addTank);
+           }
 
-               context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function() {
-                   revealHouse(house, helpString('intro.buildings.retry_building'),
-                       { duration: 0, buttonText: _t('intro.ok'), buttonCallback: onClick }
-                   );
+           _tankID = null;
+           timeout(function () {
+             var startString = helpHtml('intro.buildings.start_tank') + helpHtml('intro.buildings.tank_edge_' + (context.lastPointerType() === 'mouse' ? 'click' : 'tap'));
+             revealTank(tank, startString);
+             context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function () {
+               revealTank(tank, startString, {
+                 duration: 0
                });
+             });
+             context.on('enter.intro', function (mode) {
+               if (mode.id !== 'draw-area') return chapter.restart();
+               continueTo(continueTank);
+             });
+           }, 550); // after easing
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
+             context.on('enter.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
            }
+         }
 
+         function continueTank() {
+           if (context.mode().id !== 'draw-area') {
+             return continueTo(addTank);
+           }
 
-           function chooseCategoryBuilding() {
-               if (!_houseID || !context.hasEntity(_houseID)) {
-                   return addHouse();
-               }
-               var ids = context.selectedIDs();
-               if (context.mode().id !== 'select' || !ids.length || ids[0] !== _houseID) {
-                   context.enter(modeSelect(context, [_houseID]));
-               }
-
-               // disallow scrolling
-               context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', eventCancel);
+           _tankID = null;
+           var continueString = helpHtml('intro.buildings.continue_tank') + '{br}' + helpHtml('intro.areas.finish_area_' + (context.lastPointerType() === 'mouse' ? 'click' : 'tap')) + helpHtml('intro.buildings.finish_tank');
+           revealTank(tank, continueString);
+           context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function () {
+             revealTank(tank, continueString, {
+               duration: 0
+             });
+           });
+           context.on('enter.intro', function (mode) {
+             if (mode.id === 'draw-area') {
+               return;
+             } else if (mode.id === 'select') {
+               _tankID = context.selectedIDs()[0];
+               return continueTo(searchPresetTank);
+             } else {
+               return continueTo(addTank);
+             }
+           });
 
-               timeout(function() {
-                   // reset pane, in case user somehow happened to change it..
-                   context.container().select('.inspector-wrap .panewrap').style('right', '-100%');
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
+             context.on('enter.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
+           }
+         }
 
-                   var button = context.container().select('.preset-category-building .preset-list-button');
+         function searchPresetTank() {
+           if (!_tankID || !context.hasEntity(_tankID)) {
+             return addTank();
+           }
 
-                   reveal(button.node(),
-                       helpString('intro.buildings.choose_category_building', { category: buildingCatetory.name() })
-                   );
+           var ids = context.selectedIDs();
 
-                   button.on('click.intro', function() {
-                       button.on('click.intro', null);
-                       continueTo(choosePresetHouse);
-                   });
+           if (context.mode().id !== 'select' || !ids.length || ids[0] !== _tankID) {
+             context.enter(modeSelect(context, [_tankID]));
+           } // disallow scrolling
 
-               }, 400);  // after preset list pane visible..
 
+           context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', eventCancel);
+           timeout(function () {
+             // reset pane, in case user somehow happened to change it..
+             context.container().select('.inspector-wrap .panewrap').style('right', '-100%');
+             context.container().select('.preset-search-input').on('keydown.intro', null).on('keyup.intro', checkPresetSearch);
+             reveal('.preset-search-input', helpHtml('intro.buildings.search_tank', {
+               preset: tankPreset.name()
+             }));
+           }, 400); // after preset list pane visible..
 
-               context.on('enter.intro', function(mode) {
-                   if (!_houseID || !context.hasEntity(_houseID)) {
-                       return continueTo(addHouse);
-                   }
-                   var ids = context.selectedIDs();
-                   if (mode.id !== 'select' || !ids.length || ids[0] !== _houseID) {
-                       return continueTo(chooseCategoryBuilding);
-                   }
-               });
+           context.on('enter.intro', function (mode) {
+             if (!_tankID || !context.hasEntity(_tankID)) {
+               return continueTo(addTank);
+             }
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', null);
-                   context.container().select('.preset-list-button').on('click.intro', null);
-                   context.on('enter.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
-           }
+             var ids = context.selectedIDs();
 
+             if (mode.id !== 'select' || !ids.length || ids[0] !== _tankID) {
+               // keep the user's area selected..
+               context.enter(modeSelect(context, [_tankID])); // reset pane, in case user somehow happened to change it..
 
-           function choosePresetHouse() {
-               if (!_houseID || !context.hasEntity(_houseID)) {
-                   return addHouse();
-               }
-               var ids = context.selectedIDs();
-               if (context.mode().id !== 'select' || !ids.length || ids[0] !== _houseID) {
-                   context.enter(modeSelect(context, [_houseID]));
-               }
+               context.container().select('.inspector-wrap .panewrap').style('right', '-100%'); // disallow scrolling
 
-               // disallow scrolling
                context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', eventCancel);
+               context.container().select('.preset-search-input').on('keydown.intro', null).on('keyup.intro', checkPresetSearch);
+               reveal('.preset-search-input', helpHtml('intro.buildings.search_tank', {
+                 preset: tankPreset.name()
+               }));
+               context.history().on('change.intro', null);
+             }
+           });
 
-               timeout(function() {
-                   // reset pane, in case user somehow happened to change it..
-                   context.container().select('.inspector-wrap .panewrap').style('right', '-100%');
-
-                   var button = context.container().select('.preset-building-house .preset-list-button');
+           function checkPresetSearch() {
+             var first = context.container().select('.preset-list-item:first-child');
 
-                   reveal(button.node(),
-                       helpString('intro.buildings.choose_preset_house', { preset: housePreset.name() }),
-                       { duration: 300 }
-                   );
+             if (first.classed('preset-man_made-storage_tank')) {
+               reveal(first.select('.preset-list-button').node(), helpHtml('intro.buildings.choose_tank', {
+                 preset: tankPreset.name()
+               }), {
+                 duration: 300
+               });
+               context.container().select('.preset-search-input').on('keydown.intro', eventCancel, true).on('keyup.intro', null);
+               context.history().on('change.intro', function () {
+                 continueTo(closeEditorTank);
+               });
+             }
+           }
 
-                   button.on('click.intro', function() {
-                       button.on('click.intro', null);
-                       continueTo(closeEditorHouse);
-                   });
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', null);
+             context.on('enter.intro', null);
+             context.history().on('change.intro', null);
+             context.container().select('.preset-search-input').on('keydown.intro keyup.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
+           }
+         }
 
-               }, 400);  // after preset list pane visible..
+         function closeEditorTank() {
+           if (!_tankID || !context.hasEntity(_tankID)) {
+             return addTank();
+           }
 
-               context.on('enter.intro', function(mode) {
-                   if (!_houseID || !context.hasEntity(_houseID)) {
-                       return continueTo(addHouse);
-                   }
-                   var ids = context.selectedIDs();
-                   if (mode.id !== 'select' || !ids.length || ids[0] !== _houseID) {
-                       return continueTo(chooseCategoryBuilding);
-                   }
-               });
+           var ids = context.selectedIDs();
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', null);
-                   context.container().select('.preset-list-button').on('click.intro', null);
-                   context.on('enter.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
+           if (context.mode().id !== 'select' || !ids.length || ids[0] !== _tankID) {
+             context.enter(modeSelect(context, [_tankID]));
            }
 
+           context.history().checkpoint('hasTank');
+           context.on('exit.intro', function () {
+             continueTo(rightClickTank);
+           });
+           timeout(function () {
+             reveal('.entity-editor-pane', helpHtml('intro.buildings.close', {
+               button: icon('#iD-icon-close', 'inline')
+             }));
+           }, 500);
 
-           function closeEditorHouse() {
-               if (!_houseID || !context.hasEntity(_houseID)) {
-                   return addHouse();
-               }
-               var ids = context.selectedIDs();
-               if (context.mode().id !== 'select' || !ids.length || ids[0] !== _houseID) {
-                   context.enter(modeSelect(context, [_houseID]));
-               }
-
-               context.history().checkpoint('hasHouse');
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.on('exit.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
+           }
+         }
 
-               context.on('exit.intro', function() {
-                   continueTo(rightClickHouse);
+         function rightClickTank() {
+           if (!_tankID) return continueTo(addTank);
+           context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+           context.history().reset('hasTank');
+           context.map().centerEase(tank, 500);
+           timeout(function () {
+             context.on('enter.intro', function (mode) {
+               if (mode.id !== 'select') return;
+               var ids = context.selectedIDs();
+               if (ids.length !== 1 || ids[0] !== _tankID) return;
+               timeout(function () {
+                 var node = selectMenuItem(context, 'circularize').node();
+                 if (!node) return;
+                 continueTo(clickCircle);
+               }, 50); // after menu visible
+             });
+             var rightclickString = helpHtml('intro.buildings.' + (context.lastPointerType() === 'mouse' ? 'rightclick_tank' : 'edit_menu_tank_touch'));
+             revealTank(tank, rightclickString);
+             context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function () {
+               revealTank(tank, rightclickString, {
+                 duration: 0
                });
+             });
+             context.history().on('change.intro', function () {
+               continueTo(rightClickTank);
+             });
+           }, 600);
 
-               timeout(function() {
-                   reveal('.entity-editor-pane',
-                       helpString('intro.buildings.close', { button: icon('#iD-icon-close', 'pre-text') })
-                   );
-               }, 500);
-
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.on('exit.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.on('enter.intro', null);
+             context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
+             context.history().on('change.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
            }
+         }
 
+         function clickCircle() {
+           if (!_tankID) return chapter.restart();
+           var entity = context.hasEntity(_tankID);
+           if (!entity) return continueTo(rightClickTank);
+           var node = selectMenuItem(context, 'circularize').node();
 
-           function rightClickHouse() {
-               if (!_houseID) return chapter.restart();
+           if (!node) {
+             return continueTo(rightClickTank);
+           }
 
-               context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
-               context.history().reset('hasHouse');
-               var zoom = context.map().zoom();
-               if (zoom < 20) {
-                   zoom = 20;
-               }
-               context.map().centerZoomEase(house, zoom, 500);
-
-               context.on('enter.intro', function(mode) {
-                   if (mode.id !== 'select') return;
-                   var ids = context.selectedIDs();
-                   if (ids.length !== 1 || ids[0] !== _houseID) return;
-
-                   timeout(function() {
-                       var node = selectMenuItem(context, 'orthogonalize').node();
-                       if (!node) return;
-                       continueTo(clickSquare);
-                   }, 50);  // after menu visible
-               });
+           var wasChanged = false;
+           reveal('.edit-menu', helpHtml('intro.buildings.circle_tank'), {
+             padding: 50
+           });
+           context.on('enter.intro', function (mode) {
+             if (mode.id === 'browse') {
+               continueTo(rightClickTank);
+             } else if (mode.id === 'move' || mode.id === 'rotate') {
+               continueTo(retryClickCircle);
+             }
+           });
+           context.map().on('move.intro', function () {
+             var node = selectMenuItem(context, 'circularize').node();
 
-               context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function() {
-                   var rightclickString = helpString('intro.buildings.' + (context.lastPointerType() === 'mouse' ? 'rightclick_building' : 'edit_menu_building_touch'));
-                   revealHouse(house, rightclickString, { duration: 0 });
-               });
+             if (!wasChanged && !node) {
+               return continueTo(rightClickTank);
+             }
 
-               context.history().on('change.intro', function() {
-                   continueTo(rightClickHouse);
-               });
+             reveal('.edit-menu', helpHtml('intro.buildings.circle_tank'), {
+               duration: 0,
+               padding: 50
+             });
+           });
+           context.history().on('change.intro', function () {
+             wasChanged = true;
+             context.history().on('change.intro', null); // Something changed.  Wait for transition to complete and check undo annotation.
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.on('enter.intro', null);
-                   context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
-                   context.history().on('change.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
+             timeout(function () {
+               if (context.history().undoAnnotation() === _t('operations.circularize.annotation.feature', {
+                 n: 1
+               })) {
+                 continueTo(play);
+               } else {
+                 continueTo(retryClickCircle);
                }
+             }, 500); // after transitioned actions
+           });
+
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             context.on('enter.intro', null);
+             context.map().on('move.intro', null);
+             context.history().on('change.intro', null);
+             nextStep();
            }
+         }
 
+         function retryClickCircle() {
+           context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+           revealTank(tank, helpHtml('intro.buildings.retry_circle'), {
+             buttonText: _t.html('intro.ok'),
+             buttonCallback: function buttonCallback() {
+               continueTo(rightClickTank);
+             }
+           });
 
-           function clickSquare() {
-               if (!_houseID) return chapter.restart();
-               var entity = context.hasEntity(_houseID);
-               if (!entity) return continueTo(rightClickHouse);
+           function continueTo(nextStep) {
+             nextStep();
+           }
+         }
 
-               var node = selectMenuItem(context, 'orthogonalize').node();
-               if (!node) { return continueTo(rightClickHouse); }
+         function play() {
+           dispatch.call('done');
+           reveal('.ideditor', helpHtml('intro.buildings.play', {
+             next: _t('intro.startediting.title')
+           }), {
+             tooltipBox: '.intro-nav-wrap .chapter-startEditing',
+             buttonText: _t.html('intro.ok'),
+             buttonCallback: function buttonCallback() {
+               reveal('.ideditor');
+             }
+           });
+         }
 
-               var wasChanged = false;
+         chapter.enter = function () {
+           addHouse();
+         };
 
-               reveal('.edit-menu',
-                   helpString('intro.buildings.square_building'),
-                   { padding: 50 }
-               );
+         chapter.exit = function () {
+           timeouts.forEach(window.clearTimeout);
+           context.on('enter.intro exit.intro', null);
+           context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
+           context.history().on('change.intro', null);
+           context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', null);
+           context.container().select('.preset-search-input').on('keydown.intro keyup.intro', null);
+           context.container().select('.more-fields .combobox-input').on('click.intro', null);
+         };
 
-               context.on('enter.intro', function(mode) {
-                   if (mode.id === 'browse') {
-                       continueTo(rightClickHouse);
-                   } else if (mode.id === 'move' || mode.id === 'rotate') {
-                       continueTo(retryClickSquare);
-                   }
-               });
+         chapter.restart = function () {
+           chapter.exit();
+           chapter.enter();
+         };
 
-               context.map().on('move.intro', function() {
-                   var node = selectMenuItem(context, 'orthogonalize').node();
-                   if (!wasChanged && !node) { return continueTo(rightClickHouse); }
+         return utilRebind(chapter, dispatch, 'on');
+       }
 
-                   reveal('.edit-menu',
-                       helpString('intro.buildings.square_building'),
-                       { duration: 0, padding: 50 }
-                   );
-               });
+       function uiIntroStartEditing(context, reveal) {
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('done', 'startEditing');
+         var modalSelection = select(null);
+         var chapter = {
+           title: 'intro.startediting.title'
+         };
 
-               context.history().on('change.intro', function() {
-                   wasChanged = true;
-                   context.history().on('change.intro', null);
+         function showHelp() {
+           reveal('.map-control.help-control', helpHtml('intro.startediting.help'), {
+             buttonText: _t.html('intro.ok'),
+             buttonCallback: function buttonCallback() {
+               shortcuts();
+             }
+           });
+         }
 
-                   // Something changed.  Wait for transition to complete and check undo annotation.
-                   timeout(function() {
-                       if (context.history().undoAnnotation() === _t('operations.orthogonalize.annotation.feature.single')) {
-                           continueTo(doneSquare);
-                       } else {
-                           continueTo(retryClickSquare);
-                       }
-                   }, 500);  // after transitioned actions
-               });
+         function shortcuts() {
+           reveal('.map-control.help-control', helpHtml('intro.startediting.shortcuts'), {
+             buttonText: _t.html('intro.ok'),
+             buttonCallback: function buttonCallback() {
+               showSave();
+             }
+           });
+         }
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.on('enter.intro', null);
-                   context.map().on('move.intro', null);
-                   context.history().on('change.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
-           }
+         function showSave() {
+           context.container().selectAll('.shaded').remove(); // in case user opened keyboard shortcuts
 
+           reveal('.top-toolbar button.save', helpHtml('intro.startediting.save'), {
+             buttonText: _t.html('intro.ok'),
+             buttonCallback: function buttonCallback() {
+               showStart();
+             }
+           });
+         }
 
-           function retryClickSquare() {
-               context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+         function showStart() {
+           context.container().selectAll('.shaded').remove(); // in case user opened keyboard shortcuts
 
-               revealHouse(house, helpString('intro.buildings.retry_square'), {
-                   buttonText: _t('intro.ok'),
-                   buttonCallback: function() { continueTo(rightClickHouse); }
-               });
+           modalSelection = uiModal(context.container());
+           modalSelection.select('.modal').attr('class', 'modal-splash modal');
+           modalSelection.selectAll('.close').remove();
+           var startbutton = modalSelection.select('.content').attr('class', 'fillL').append('button').attr('class', 'modal-section huge-modal-button').on('click', function () {
+             modalSelection.remove();
+           });
+           startbutton.append('svg').attr('class', 'illustration').append('use').attr('xlink:href', '#iD-logo-walkthrough');
+           startbutton.append('h2').html(_t.html('intro.startediting.start'));
+           dispatch.call('startEditing');
+         }
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   nextStep();
-               }
-           }
+         chapter.enter = function () {
+           showHelp();
+         };
 
+         chapter.exit = function () {
+           modalSelection.remove();
+           context.container().selectAll('.shaded').remove(); // in case user opened keyboard shortcuts
+         };
 
-           function doneSquare() {
-               context.history().checkpoint('doneSquare');
+         return utilRebind(chapter, dispatch, 'on');
+       }
 
-               revealHouse(house, helpString('intro.buildings.done_square'), {
-                   buttonText: _t('intro.ok'),
-                   buttonCallback: function() { continueTo(addTank); }
-               });
+       var chapterUi = {
+         welcome: uiIntroWelcome,
+         navigation: uiIntroNavigation,
+         point: uiIntroPoint,
+         area: uiIntroArea,
+         line: uiIntroLine,
+         building: uiIntroBuilding,
+         startEditing: uiIntroStartEditing
+       };
+       var chapterFlow = ['welcome', 'navigation', 'point', 'area', 'line', 'building', 'startEditing'];
+       function uiIntro(context) {
+         var INTRO_IMAGERY = 'EsriWorldImageryClarity';
+         var _introGraph = {};
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   nextStep();
+         var _currChapter;
+
+         function intro(selection) {
+           _mainFileFetcher.get('intro_graph').then(function (dataIntroGraph) {
+             // create entities for intro graph and localize names
+             for (var id in dataIntroGraph) {
+               if (!_introGraph[id]) {
+                 _introGraph[id] = osmEntity(localize(dataIntroGraph[id]));
                }
-           }
+             }
 
+             selection.call(startIntro);
+           })["catch"](function () {
+             /* ignore */
+           });
+         }
 
-           function addTank() {
-               context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
-               context.history().reset('doneSquare');
-               _tankID = null;
+         function startIntro(selection) {
+           context.enter(modeBrowse(context)); // Save current map state
 
-               var msec = transitionTime(tank, context.map().center());
-               if (msec) { reveal(null, null, { duration: 0 }); }
-               context.map().centerZoomEase(tank, 19.5, msec);
+           var osm = context.connection();
+           var history = context.history().toJSON();
+           var hash = window.location.hash;
+           var center = context.map().center();
+           var zoom = context.map().zoom();
+           var background = context.background().baseLayerSource();
+           var overlays = context.background().overlayLayerSources();
+           var opacity = context.container().selectAll('.main-map .layer-background').style('opacity');
+           var caches = osm && osm.caches();
+           var baseEntities = context.history().graph().base().entities; // Show sidebar and disable the sidebar resizing button
+           // (this needs to be before `context.inIntro(true)`)
 
-               timeout(function() {
-                   reveal('button.add-area',
-                       helpString('intro.buildings.add_tank')
-                   );
+           context.ui().sidebar.expand();
+           context.container().selectAll('button.sidebar-toggle').classed('disabled', true); // Block saving
 
-                   context.on('enter.intro', function(mode) {
-                       if (mode.id !== 'add-area') return;
-                       continueTo(startTank);
-                   });
-               }, msec + 100);
+           context.inIntro(true); // Load semi-real data used in intro
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.on('enter.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
+           if (osm) {
+             osm.toggle(false).reset();
            }
 
+           context.history().reset();
+           context.history().merge(Object.values(coreGraph().load(_introGraph).entities));
+           context.history().checkpoint('initial'); // Setup imagery
 
-           function startTank() {
-               if (context.mode().id !== 'add-area') {
-                   return continueTo(addTank);
-               }
+           var imagery = context.background().findSource(INTRO_IMAGERY);
 
-               _tankID = null;
+           if (imagery) {
+             context.background().baseLayerSource(imagery);
+           } else {
+             context.background().bing();
+           }
 
-               timeout(function() {
-                   var startString = helpString('intro.buildings.start_tank') +
-                       helpString('intro.buildings.tank_edge_' + (context.lastPointerType() === 'mouse' ? 'click' : 'tap'));
-                   revealTank(tank, startString);
+           overlays.forEach(function (d) {
+             return context.background().toggleOverlayLayer(d);
+           }); // Setup data layers (only OSM)
 
-                   context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function() {
-                       revealTank(tank, startString, { duration: 0 });
-                   });
+           var layers = context.layers();
+           layers.all().forEach(function (item) {
+             // if the layer has the function `enabled`
+             if (typeof item.layer.enabled === 'function') {
+               item.layer.enabled(item.id === 'osm');
+             }
+           });
+           context.container().selectAll('.main-map .layer-background').style('opacity', 1);
+           var curtain = uiCurtain(context.container().node());
+           selection.call(curtain); // Store that the user started the walkthrough..
 
-                   context.on('enter.intro', function(mode) {
-                       if (mode.id !== 'draw-area') return chapter.restart();
-                       continueTo(continueTank);
-                   });
+           corePreferences('walkthrough_started', 'yes'); // Restore previous walkthrough progress..
 
-               }, 550);  // after easing
+           var storedProgress = corePreferences('walkthrough_progress') || '';
+           var progress = storedProgress.split(';').filter(Boolean);
+           var chapters = chapterFlow.map(function (chapter, i) {
+             var s = chapterUi[chapter](context, curtain.reveal).on('done', function () {
+               buttons.filter(function (d) {
+                 return d.title === s.title;
+               }).classed('finished', true);
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
-                   context.on('enter.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
-           }
+               if (i < chapterFlow.length - 1) {
+                 var next = chapterFlow[i + 1];
+                 context.container().select("button.chapter-".concat(next)).classed('next', true);
+               } // Store walkthrough progress..
 
 
-           function continueTank() {
-               if (context.mode().id !== 'draw-area') {
-                   return continueTo(addTank);
-               }
+               progress.push(chapter);
+               corePreferences('walkthrough_progress', utilArrayUniq(progress).join(';'));
+             });
+             return s;
+           });
+           chapters[chapters.length - 1].on('startEditing', function () {
+             // Store walkthrough progress..
+             progress.push('startEditing');
+             corePreferences('walkthrough_progress', utilArrayUniq(progress).join(';')); // Store if walkthrough is completed..
 
-               _tankID = null;
+             var incomplete = utilArrayDifference(chapterFlow, progress);
 
-               var continueString = helpString('intro.buildings.continue_tank') + '{br}' +
-                   helpString('intro.areas.finish_area_' + (context.lastPointerType() === 'mouse' ? 'click' : 'tap')) +
-                   helpString('intro.buildings.finish_tank');
+             if (!incomplete.length) {
+               corePreferences('walkthrough_completed', 'yes');
+             }
 
-               revealTank(tank, continueString);
+             curtain.remove();
+             navwrap.remove();
+             context.container().selectAll('.main-map .layer-background').style('opacity', opacity);
+             context.container().selectAll('button.sidebar-toggle').classed('disabled', false);
 
-               context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function() {
-                   revealTank(tank, continueString, { duration: 0 });
-               });
+             if (osm) {
+               osm.toggle(true).reset().caches(caches);
+             }
 
-               context.on('enter.intro', function(mode) {
-                   if (mode.id === 'draw-area') {
-                       return;
-                   } else if (mode.id === 'select') {
-                       _tankID = context.selectedIDs()[0];
-                       return continueTo(searchPresetTank);
-                   } else {
-                       return continueTo(addTank);
-                   }
-               });
+             context.history().reset().merge(Object.values(baseEntities));
+             context.background().baseLayerSource(background);
+             overlays.forEach(function (d) {
+               return context.background().toggleOverlayLayer(d);
+             });
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
-                   context.on('enter.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
-           }
+             if (history) {
+               context.history().fromJSON(history, false);
+             }
 
+             context.map().centerZoom(center, zoom);
+             window.location.replace(hash);
+             context.inIntro(false);
+           });
+           var navwrap = selection.append('div').attr('class', 'intro-nav-wrap fillD');
+           navwrap.append('svg').attr('class', 'intro-nav-wrap-logo').append('use').attr('xlink:href', '#iD-logo-walkthrough');
+           var buttonwrap = navwrap.append('div').attr('class', 'joined').selectAll('button.chapter');
+           var buttons = buttonwrap.data(chapters).enter().append('button').attr('class', function (d, i) {
+             return "chapter chapter-".concat(chapterFlow[i]);
+           }).on('click', enterChapter);
+           buttons.append('span').html(function (d) {
+             return _t.html(d.title);
+           });
+           buttons.append('span').attr('class', 'status').call(svgIcon(_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl' ? '#iD-icon-backward' : '#iD-icon-forward', 'inline'));
+           enterChapter(null, chapters[0]);
 
-           function searchPresetTank() {
-               if (!_tankID || !context.hasEntity(_tankID)) {
-                   return addTank();
-               }
-               var ids = context.selectedIDs();
-               if (context.mode().id !== 'select' || !ids.length || ids[0] !== _tankID) {
-                   context.enter(modeSelect(context, [_tankID]));
-               }
+           function enterChapter(d3_event, newChapter) {
+             if (_currChapter) {
+               _currChapter.exit();
+             }
 
-               // disallow scrolling
-               context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', eventCancel);
+             context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+             _currChapter = newChapter;
 
-               timeout(function() {
-                   // reset pane, in case user somehow happened to change it..
-                   context.container().select('.inspector-wrap .panewrap').style('right', '-100%');
+             _currChapter.enter();
 
-                   context.container().select('.preset-search-input')
-                       .on('keydown.intro', null)
-                       .on('keyup.intro', checkPresetSearch);
+             buttons.classed('next', false).classed('active', function (d) {
+               return d.title === _currChapter.title;
+             });
+           }
+         }
 
-                   reveal('.preset-search-input',
-                       helpString('intro.buildings.search_tank', { preset: tankPreset.name() })
-                   );
-               }, 400);  // after preset list pane visible..
+         return intro;
+       }
 
-               context.on('enter.intro', function(mode) {
-                   if (!_tankID || !context.hasEntity(_tankID)) {
-                       return continueTo(addTank);
-                   }
+       function uiIssuesInfo(context) {
+         var warningsItem = {
+           id: 'warnings',
+           count: 0,
+           iconID: 'iD-icon-alert',
+           descriptionID: 'issues.warnings_and_errors'
+         };
+         var resolvedItem = {
+           id: 'resolved',
+           count: 0,
+           iconID: 'iD-icon-apply',
+           descriptionID: 'issues.user_resolved_issues'
+         };
+
+         function update(selection) {
+           var shownItems = [];
+           var liveIssues = context.validator().getIssues({
+             what: corePreferences('validate-what') || 'edited',
+             where: corePreferences('validate-where') || 'all'
+           });
 
-                   var ids = context.selectedIDs();
-                   if (mode.id !== 'select' || !ids.length || ids[0] !== _tankID) {
-                       // keep the user's area selected..
-                       context.enter(modeSelect(context, [_tankID]));
+           if (liveIssues.length) {
+             warningsItem.count = liveIssues.length;
+             shownItems.push(warningsItem);
+           }
 
-                       // reset pane, in case user somehow happened to change it..
-                       context.container().select('.inspector-wrap .panewrap').style('right', '-100%');
-                       // disallow scrolling
-                       context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', eventCancel);
+           if (corePreferences('validate-what') === 'all') {
+             var resolvedIssues = context.validator().getResolvedIssues();
 
-                       context.container().select('.preset-search-input')
-                           .on('keydown.intro', null)
-                           .on('keyup.intro', checkPresetSearch);
+             if (resolvedIssues.length) {
+               resolvedItem.count = resolvedIssues.length;
+               shownItems.push(resolvedItem);
+             }
+           }
 
-                       reveal('.preset-search-input',
-                           helpString('intro.buildings.search_tank', { preset: tankPreset.name() })
-                       );
+           var chips = selection.selectAll('.chip').data(shownItems, function (d) {
+             return d.id;
+           });
+           chips.exit().remove();
+           var enter = chips.enter().append('a').attr('class', function (d) {
+             return 'chip ' + d.id + '-count';
+           }).attr('href', '#').each(function (d) {
+             var chipSelection = select(this);
+             var tooltipBehavior = uiTooltip().placement('top').title(_t.html(d.descriptionID));
+             chipSelection.call(tooltipBehavior).on('click', function (d3_event) {
+               d3_event.preventDefault();
+               tooltipBehavior.hide(select(this)); // open the Issues pane
+
+               context.ui().togglePanes(context.container().select('.map-panes .issues-pane'));
+             });
+             chipSelection.call(svgIcon('#' + d.iconID));
+           });
+           enter.append('span').attr('class', 'count');
+           enter.merge(chips).selectAll('span.count').html(function (d) {
+             return d.count.toString();
+           });
+         }
 
-                       context.history().on('change.intro', null);
-                   }
-               });
+         return function (selection) {
+           update(selection);
+           context.validator().on('validated.infobox', function () {
+             update(selection);
+           });
+         };
+       }
 
-               function checkPresetSearch() {
-                   var first = context.container().select('.preset-list-item:first-child');
+       function uiMapInMap(context) {
+         function mapInMap(selection) {
+           var backgroundLayer = rendererTileLayer(context);
+           var overlayLayers = {};
+           var projection = geoRawMercator();
+           var dataLayer = svgData(projection, context).showLabels(false);
+           var debugLayer = svgDebug(projection, context);
+           var zoom = d3_zoom().scaleExtent([geoZoomToScale(0.5), geoZoomToScale(24)]).on('start', zoomStarted).on('zoom', zoomed).on('end', zoomEnded);
+           var wrap = select(null);
+           var tiles = select(null);
+           var viewport = select(null);
+           var _isTransformed = false;
+           var _isHidden = true;
+           var _skipEvents = false;
+           var _gesture = null;
+           var _zDiff = 6; // by default, minimap renders at (main zoom - 6)
 
-                   if (first.classed('preset-man_made-storage_tank')) {
-                       reveal(first.select('.preset-list-button').node(),
-                           helpString('intro.buildings.choose_tank', { preset: tankPreset.name() }),
-                           { duration: 300 }
-                       );
+           var _dMini; // dimensions of minimap
 
-                       context.container().select('.preset-search-input')
-                           .on('keydown.intro', eventCancel, true)
-                           .on('keyup.intro', null);
 
-                       context.history().on('change.intro', function() {
-                           continueTo(closeEditorTank);
-                       });
-                   }
-               }
+           var _cMini; // center pixel of minimap
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', null);
-                   context.on('enter.intro', null);
-                   context.history().on('change.intro', null);
-                   context.container().select('.preset-search-input').on('keydown.intro keyup.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
-           }
 
+           var _tStart; // transform at start of gesture
 
-           function closeEditorTank() {
-               if (!_tankID || !context.hasEntity(_tankID)) {
-                   return addTank();
-               }
-               var ids = context.selectedIDs();
-               if (context.mode().id !== 'select' || !ids.length || ids[0] !== _tankID) {
-                   context.enter(modeSelect(context, [_tankID]));
-               }
 
-               context.history().checkpoint('hasTank');
+           var _tCurr; // transform at most recent event
 
-               context.on('exit.intro', function() {
-                   continueTo(rightClickTank);
-               });
 
-               timeout(function() {
-                   reveal('.entity-editor-pane',
-                       helpString('intro.buildings.close', { button: icon('#iD-icon-close', 'pre-text') })
-                   );
-               }, 500);
+           var _timeoutID;
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.on('exit.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
+           function zoomStarted() {
+             if (_skipEvents) return;
+             _tStart = _tCurr = projection.transform();
+             _gesture = null;
            }
 
+           function zoomed(d3_event) {
+             if (_skipEvents) return;
+             var x = d3_event.transform.x;
+             var y = d3_event.transform.y;
+             var k = d3_event.transform.k;
+             var isZooming = k !== _tStart.k;
+             var isPanning = x !== _tStart.x || y !== _tStart.y;
 
-           function rightClickTank() {
-               if (!_tankID) return continueTo(addTank);
+             if (!isZooming && !isPanning) {
+               return; // no change
+             } // lock in either zooming or panning, don't allow both in minimap.
 
-               context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
-               context.history().reset('hasTank');
-               context.map().centerEase(tank, 500);
-
-               timeout(function() {
-                   context.on('enter.intro', function(mode) {
-                       if (mode.id !== 'select') return;
-                       var ids = context.selectedIDs();
-                       if (ids.length !== 1 || ids[0] !== _tankID) return;
-
-                       timeout(function() {
-                           var node = selectMenuItem(context, 'circularize').node();
-                           if (!node) return;
-                           continueTo(clickCircle);
-                       }, 50);  // after menu visible
-                   });
-
-                   var rightclickString = helpString('intro.buildings.' + (context.lastPointerType() === 'mouse' ? 'rightclick_tank' : 'edit_menu_tank_touch'));
-
-                   revealTank(tank, rightclickString);
 
-                   context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', function() {
-                       revealTank(tank, rightclickString, { duration: 0 });
-                   });
+             if (!_gesture) {
+               _gesture = isZooming ? 'zoom' : 'pan';
+             }
 
-                   context.history().on('change.intro', function() {
-                       continueTo(rightClickTank);
-                   });
+             var tMini = projection.transform();
+             var tX, tY, scale;
 
-               }, 600);
+             if (_gesture === 'zoom') {
+               scale = k / tMini.k;
+               tX = (_cMini[0] / scale - _cMini[0]) * scale;
+               tY = (_cMini[1] / scale - _cMini[1]) * scale;
+             } else {
+               k = tMini.k;
+               scale = 1;
+               tX = x - tMini.x;
+               tY = y - tMini.y;
+             }
+
+             utilSetTransform(tiles, tX, tY, scale);
+             utilSetTransform(viewport, 0, 0, scale);
+             _isTransformed = true;
+             _tCurr = identity$2.translate(x, y).scale(k);
+             var zMain = geoScaleToZoom(context.projection.scale());
+             var zMini = geoScaleToZoom(k);
+             _zDiff = zMain - zMini;
+             queueRedraw();
+           }
+
+           function zoomEnded() {
+             if (_skipEvents) return;
+             if (_gesture !== 'pan') return;
+             updateProjection();
+             _gesture = null;
+             context.map().center(projection.invert(_cMini)); // recenter main map..
+           }
+
+           function updateProjection() {
+             var loc = context.map().center();
+             var tMain = context.projection.transform();
+             var zMain = geoScaleToZoom(tMain.k);
+             var zMini = Math.max(zMain - _zDiff, 0.5);
+             var kMini = geoZoomToScale(zMini);
+             projection.translate([tMain.x, tMain.y]).scale(kMini);
+             var point = projection(loc);
+             var mouse = _gesture === 'pan' ? geoVecSubtract([_tCurr.x, _tCurr.y], [_tStart.x, _tStart.y]) : [0, 0];
+             var xMini = _cMini[0] - point[0] + tMain.x + mouse[0];
+             var yMini = _cMini[1] - point[1] + tMain.y + mouse[1];
+             projection.translate([xMini, yMini]).clipExtent([[0, 0], _dMini]);
+             _tCurr = projection.transform();
+
+             if (_isTransformed) {
+               utilSetTransform(tiles, 0, 0);
+               utilSetTransform(viewport, 0, 0);
+               _isTransformed = false;
+             }
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.on('enter.intro', null);
-                   context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
-                   context.history().on('change.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
+             zoom.scaleExtent([geoZoomToScale(0.5), geoZoomToScale(zMain - 3)]);
+             _skipEvents = true;
+             wrap.call(zoom.transform, _tCurr);
+             _skipEvents = false;
            }
 
+           function redraw() {
+             clearTimeout(_timeoutID);
+             if (_isHidden) return;
+             updateProjection();
+             var zMini = geoScaleToZoom(projection.scale()); // setup tile container
 
-           function clickCircle() {
-               if (!_tankID) return chapter.restart();
-               var entity = context.hasEntity(_tankID);
-               if (!entity) return continueTo(rightClickTank);
+             tiles = wrap.selectAll('.map-in-map-tiles').data([0]);
+             tiles = tiles.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'map-in-map-tiles').merge(tiles); // redraw background
 
-               var node = selectMenuItem(context, 'circularize').node();
-               if (!node) { return continueTo(rightClickTank); }
+             backgroundLayer.source(context.background().baseLayerSource()).projection(projection).dimensions(_dMini);
+             var background = tiles.selectAll('.map-in-map-background').data([0]);
+             background.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'map-in-map-background').merge(background).call(backgroundLayer); // redraw overlay
 
-               var wasChanged = false;
+             var overlaySources = context.background().overlayLayerSources();
+             var activeOverlayLayers = [];
 
-               reveal('.edit-menu',
-                   helpString('intro.buildings.circle_tank'),
-                   { padding: 50 }
-               );
+             for (var i = 0; i < overlaySources.length; i++) {
+               if (overlaySources[i].validZoom(zMini)) {
+                 if (!overlayLayers[i]) overlayLayers[i] = rendererTileLayer(context);
+                 activeOverlayLayers.push(overlayLayers[i].source(overlaySources[i]).projection(projection).dimensions(_dMini));
+               }
+             }
 
-               context.on('enter.intro', function(mode) {
-                   if (mode.id === 'browse') {
-                       continueTo(rightClickTank);
-                   } else if (mode.id === 'move' || mode.id === 'rotate') {
-                       continueTo(retryClickCircle);
-                   }
+             var overlay = tiles.selectAll('.map-in-map-overlay').data([0]);
+             overlay = overlay.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'map-in-map-overlay').merge(overlay);
+             var overlays = overlay.selectAll('div').data(activeOverlayLayers, function (d) {
+               return d.source().name();
+             });
+             overlays.exit().remove();
+             overlays = overlays.enter().append('div').merge(overlays).each(function (layer) {
+               select(this).call(layer);
+             });
+             var dataLayers = tiles.selectAll('.map-in-map-data').data([0]);
+             dataLayers.exit().remove();
+             dataLayers = dataLayers.enter().append('svg').attr('class', 'map-in-map-data').merge(dataLayers).call(dataLayer).call(debugLayer); // redraw viewport bounding box
+
+             if (_gesture !== 'pan') {
+               var getPath = d3_geoPath(projection);
+               var bbox = {
+                 type: 'Polygon',
+                 coordinates: [context.map().extent().polygon()]
+               };
+               viewport = wrap.selectAll('.map-in-map-viewport').data([0]);
+               viewport = viewport.enter().append('svg').attr('class', 'map-in-map-viewport').merge(viewport);
+               var path = viewport.selectAll('.map-in-map-bbox').data([bbox]);
+               path.enter().append('path').attr('class', 'map-in-map-bbox').merge(path).attr('d', getPath).classed('thick', function (d) {
+                 return getPath.area(d) < 30;
                });
+             }
+           }
 
-               context.map().on('move.intro', function() {
-                   var node = selectMenuItem(context, 'circularize').node();
-                   if (!wasChanged && !node) { return continueTo(rightClickTank); }
+           function queueRedraw() {
+             clearTimeout(_timeoutID);
+             _timeoutID = setTimeout(function () {
+               redraw();
+             }, 750);
+           }
 
-                   reveal('.edit-menu',
-                       helpString('intro.buildings.circle_tank'),
-                       { duration: 0, padding: 50 }
-                   );
+           function toggle(d3_event) {
+             if (d3_event) d3_event.preventDefault();
+             _isHidden = !_isHidden;
+             context.container().select('.minimap-toggle-item').classed('active', !_isHidden).select('input').property('checked', !_isHidden);
+
+             if (_isHidden) {
+               wrap.style('display', 'block').style('opacity', '1').transition().duration(200).style('opacity', '0').on('end', function () {
+                 selection.selectAll('.map-in-map').style('display', 'none');
+               });
+             } else {
+               wrap.style('display', 'block').style('opacity', '0').transition().duration(200).style('opacity', '1').on('end', function () {
+                 redraw();
                });
+             }
+           }
 
-               context.history().on('change.intro', function() {
-                   wasChanged = true;
-                   context.history().on('change.intro', null);
+           uiMapInMap.toggle = toggle;
+           wrap = selection.selectAll('.map-in-map').data([0]);
+           wrap = wrap.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'map-in-map').style('display', _isHidden ? 'none' : 'block').call(zoom).on('dblclick.zoom', null).merge(wrap); // reflow warning: Hardcode dimensions - currently can't resize it anyway..
 
-                   // Something changed.  Wait for transition to complete and check undo annotation.
-                   timeout(function() {
-                       if (context.history().undoAnnotation() === _t('operations.circularize.annotation.single')) {
-                           continueTo(play);
-                       } else {
-                           continueTo(retryClickCircle);
-                       }
-                   }, 500);  // after transitioned actions
-               });
+           _dMini = [200, 150]; //utilGetDimensions(wrap);
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   context.on('enter.intro', null);
-                   context.map().on('move.intro', null);
-                   context.history().on('change.intro', null);
-                   nextStep();
-               }
+           _cMini = geoVecScale(_dMini, 0.5);
+           context.map().on('drawn.map-in-map', function (drawn) {
+             if (drawn.full === true) {
+               redraw();
+             }
+           });
+           redraw();
+           context.keybinding().on(_t('background.minimap.key'), toggle);
+         }
+
+         return mapInMap;
+       }
+
+       function uiNotice(context) {
+         return function (selection) {
+           var div = selection.append('div').attr('class', 'notice');
+           var button = div.append('button').attr('class', 'zoom-to notice fillD').on('click', function () {
+             context.map().zoomEase(context.minEditableZoom());
+           }).on('wheel', function (d3_event) {
+             // let wheel events pass through #4482
+             var e2 = new WheelEvent(d3_event.type, d3_event);
+             context.surface().node().dispatchEvent(e2);
+           });
+           button.call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-plus', 'pre-text')).append('span').attr('class', 'label').html(_t.html('zoom_in_edit'));
+
+           function disableTooHigh() {
+             var canEdit = context.map().zoom() >= context.minEditableZoom();
+             div.style('display', canEdit ? 'none' : 'block');
            }
 
+           context.map().on('move.notice', debounce(disableTooHigh, 500));
+           disableTooHigh();
+         };
+       }
 
-           function retryClickCircle() {
-               context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+       function uiPhotoviewer(context) {
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('resize');
 
-               revealTank(tank, helpString('intro.buildings.retry_circle'), {
-                   buttonText: _t('intro.ok'),
-                   buttonCallback: function() { continueTo(rightClickTank); }
-               });
+         var _pointerPrefix = 'PointerEvent' in window ? 'pointer' : 'mouse';
 
-               function continueTo(nextStep) {
-                   nextStep();
-               }
-           }
+         function photoviewer(selection) {
+           selection.append('button').attr('class', 'thumb-hide').on('click', function () {
+             if (services.streetside) {
+               services.streetside.hideViewer(context);
+             }
 
+             if (services.mapillary) {
+               services.mapillary.hideViewer(context);
+             }
 
-           function play() {
-               dispatch$1.call('done');
-               reveal('.ideditor',
-                   helpString('intro.buildings.play', { next: _t('intro.startediting.title') }), {
-                       tooltipBox: '.intro-nav-wrap .chapter-startEditing',
-                       buttonText: _t('intro.ok'),
-                       buttonCallback: function() { reveal('.ideditor'); }
-                   }
-               );
+             if (services.openstreetcam) {
+               services.openstreetcam.hideViewer(context);
+             }
+           }).append('div').call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-close'));
+
+           function preventDefault(d3_event) {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
            }
 
+           selection.append('button').attr('class', 'resize-handle-xy').on('touchstart touchdown touchend', preventDefault).on(_pointerPrefix + 'down', buildResizeListener(selection, 'resize', dispatch, {
+             resizeOnX: true,
+             resizeOnY: true
+           }));
+           selection.append('button').attr('class', 'resize-handle-x').on('touchstart touchdown touchend', preventDefault).on(_pointerPrefix + 'down', buildResizeListener(selection, 'resize', dispatch, {
+             resizeOnX: true
+           }));
+           selection.append('button').attr('class', 'resize-handle-y').on('touchstart touchdown touchend', preventDefault).on(_pointerPrefix + 'down', buildResizeListener(selection, 'resize', dispatch, {
+             resizeOnY: true
+           }));
 
-           chapter.enter = function() {
-               addHouse();
-           };
+           function buildResizeListener(target, eventName, dispatch, options) {
+             var resizeOnX = !!options.resizeOnX;
+             var resizeOnY = !!options.resizeOnY;
+             var minHeight = options.minHeight || 240;
+             var minWidth = options.minWidth || 320;
+             var pointerId;
+             var startX;
+             var startY;
+             var startWidth;
+             var startHeight;
 
+             function startResize(d3_event) {
+               if (pointerId !== (d3_event.pointerId || 'mouse')) return;
+               d3_event.preventDefault();
+               d3_event.stopPropagation();
+               var mapSize = context.map().dimensions();
 
-           chapter.exit = function() {
-               timeouts.forEach(window.clearTimeout);
-               context.on('enter.intro exit.intro', null);
-               context.map().on('move.intro drawn.intro', null);
-               context.history().on('change.intro', null);
-               context.container().select('.inspector-wrap').on('wheel.intro', null);
-               context.container().select('.preset-search-input').on('keydown.intro keyup.intro', null);
-               context.container().select('.more-fields .combobox-input').on('click.intro', null);
-           };
+               if (resizeOnX) {
+                 var maxWidth = mapSize[0];
+                 var newWidth = clamp(startWidth + d3_event.clientX - startX, minWidth, maxWidth);
+                 target.style('width', newWidth + 'px');
+               }
 
+               if (resizeOnY) {
+                 var maxHeight = mapSize[1] - 90; // preserve space at top/bottom of map
 
-           chapter.restart = function() {
-               chapter.exit();
-               chapter.enter();
-           };
+                 var newHeight = clamp(startHeight + startY - d3_event.clientY, minHeight, maxHeight);
+                 target.style('height', newHeight + 'px');
+               }
 
+               dispatch.call(eventName, target, utilGetDimensions(target, true));
+             }
 
-           return utilRebind(chapter, dispatch$1, 'on');
-       }
+             function clamp(num, min, max) {
+               return Math.max(min, Math.min(num, max));
+             }
 
-       function uiIntroStartEditing(context, reveal) {
-           var dispatch$1 = dispatch('done', 'startEditing');
-           var modalSelection = select(null);
+             function stopResize(d3_event) {
+               if (pointerId !== (d3_event.pointerId || 'mouse')) return;
+               d3_event.preventDefault();
+               d3_event.stopPropagation(); // remove all the listeners we added
 
+               select(window).on('.' + eventName, null);
+             }
 
-           var chapter = {
-               title: 'intro.startediting.title'
-           };
+             return function initResize(d3_event) {
+               d3_event.preventDefault();
+               d3_event.stopPropagation();
+               pointerId = d3_event.pointerId || 'mouse';
+               startX = d3_event.clientX;
+               startY = d3_event.clientY;
+               var targetRect = target.node().getBoundingClientRect();
+               startWidth = targetRect.width;
+               startHeight = targetRect.height;
+               select(window).on(_pointerPrefix + 'move.' + eventName, startResize, false).on(_pointerPrefix + 'up.' + eventName, stopResize, false);
 
-           function showHelp() {
-               reveal('.map-control.help-control',
-                   helpString('intro.startediting.help'), {
-                       buttonText: _t('intro.ok'),
-                       buttonCallback: function() { shortcuts(); }
-                   }
-               );
+               if (_pointerPrefix === 'pointer') {
+                 select(window).on('pointercancel.' + eventName, stopResize, false);
+               }
+             };
            }
+         }
 
-           function shortcuts() {
-               reveal('.map-control.help-control',
-                   helpString('intro.startediting.shortcuts'), {
-                       buttonText: _t('intro.ok'),
-                       buttonCallback: function() { showSave(); }
-                   }
-               );
-           }
+         photoviewer.onMapResize = function () {
+           var photoviewer = context.container().select('.photoviewer');
+           var content = context.container().select('.main-content');
+           var mapDimensions = utilGetDimensions(content, true); // shrink photo viewer if it is too big
+           // (-90 preserves space at top and bottom of map used by menus)
 
-           function showSave() {
-               context.container().selectAll('.shaded').remove();  // in case user opened keyboard shortcuts
-               reveal('.top-toolbar button.save',
-                   helpString('intro.startediting.save'), {
-                       buttonText: _t('intro.ok'),
-                       buttonCallback: function() { showStart(); }
-                   }
-               );
+           var photoDimensions = utilGetDimensions(photoviewer, true);
+
+           if (photoDimensions[0] > mapDimensions[0] || photoDimensions[1] > mapDimensions[1] - 90) {
+             var setPhotoDimensions = [Math.min(photoDimensions[0], mapDimensions[0]), Math.min(photoDimensions[1], mapDimensions[1] - 90)];
+             photoviewer.style('width', setPhotoDimensions[0] + 'px').style('height', setPhotoDimensions[1] + 'px');
+             dispatch.call('resize', photoviewer, setPhotoDimensions);
            }
+         };
+
+         return utilRebind(photoviewer, dispatch, 'on');
+       }
+
+       function uiRestore(context) {
+         return function (selection) {
+           if (!context.history().hasRestorableChanges()) return;
+           var modalSelection = uiModal(selection, true);
+           modalSelection.select('.modal').attr('class', 'modal fillL');
+           var introModal = modalSelection.select('.content');
+           introModal.append('div').attr('class', 'modal-section').append('h3').html(_t.html('restore.heading'));
+           introModal.append('div').attr('class', 'modal-section').append('p').html(_t.html('restore.description'));
+           var buttonWrap = introModal.append('div').attr('class', 'modal-actions');
+           var restore = buttonWrap.append('button').attr('class', 'restore').on('click', function () {
+             context.history().restore();
+             modalSelection.remove();
+           });
+           restore.append('svg').attr('class', 'logo logo-restore').append('use').attr('xlink:href', '#iD-logo-restore');
+           restore.append('div').html(_t.html('restore.restore'));
+           var reset = buttonWrap.append('button').attr('class', 'reset').on('click', function () {
+             context.history().clearSaved();
+             modalSelection.remove();
+           });
+           reset.append('svg').attr('class', 'logo logo-reset').append('use').attr('xlink:href', '#iD-logo-reset');
+           reset.append('div').html(_t.html('restore.reset'));
+           restore.node().focus();
+         };
+       }
 
-           function showStart() {
-               context.container().selectAll('.shaded').remove();  // in case user opened keyboard shortcuts
+       function uiScale(context) {
+         var projection = context.projection,
+             isImperial = !_mainLocalizer.usesMetric(),
+             maxLength = 180,
+             tickHeight = 8;
+
+         function scaleDefs(loc1, loc2) {
+           var lat = (loc2[1] + loc1[1]) / 2,
+               conversion = isImperial ? 3.28084 : 1,
+               dist = geoLonToMeters(loc2[0] - loc1[0], lat) * conversion,
+               scale = {
+             dist: 0,
+             px: 0,
+             text: ''
+           },
+               buckets,
+               i,
+               val,
+               dLon;
 
-               modalSelection = uiModal(context.container());
+           if (isImperial) {
+             buckets = [5280000, 528000, 52800, 5280, 500, 50, 5, 1];
+           } else {
+             buckets = [5000000, 500000, 50000, 5000, 500, 50, 5, 1];
+           } // determine a user-friendly endpoint for the scale
 
-               modalSelection.select('.modal')
-                   .attr('class', 'modal-splash modal');
 
-               modalSelection.selectAll('.close').remove();
+           for (i = 0; i < buckets.length; i++) {
+             val = buckets[i];
 
-               var startbutton = modalSelection.select('.content')
-                   .attr('class', 'fillL')
-                   .append('button')
-                       .attr('class', 'modal-section huge-modal-button')
-                       .on('click', function() {
-                           modalSelection.remove();
-                       });
+             if (dist >= val) {
+               scale.dist = Math.floor(dist / val) * val;
+               break;
+             } else {
+               scale.dist = +dist.toFixed(2);
+             }
+           }
 
-                   startbutton
-                       .append('svg')
-                       .attr('class', 'illustration')
-                       .append('use')
-                       .attr('xlink:href', '#iD-logo-walkthrough');
+           dLon = geoMetersToLon(scale.dist / conversion, lat);
+           scale.px = Math.round(projection([loc1[0] + dLon, loc1[1]])[0]);
+           scale.text = displayLength(scale.dist / conversion, isImperial);
+           return scale;
+         }
 
-                   startbutton
-                       .append('h2')
-                       .text(_t('intro.startediting.start'));
+         function update(selection) {
+           // choose loc1, loc2 along bottom of viewport (near where the scale will be drawn)
+           var dims = context.map().dimensions(),
+               loc1 = projection.invert([0, dims[1]]),
+               loc2 = projection.invert([maxLength, dims[1]]),
+               scale = scaleDefs(loc1, loc2);
+           selection.select('.scale-path').attr('d', 'M0.5,0.5v' + tickHeight + 'h' + scale.px + 'v-' + tickHeight);
+           selection.select('.scale-text').style(_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'ltr' ? 'left' : 'right', scale.px + 16 + 'px').html(scale.text);
+         }
 
-               dispatch$1.call('startEditing');
+         return function (selection) {
+           function switchUnits() {
+             isImperial = !isImperial;
+             selection.call(update);
            }
 
+           var scalegroup = selection.append('svg').attr('class', 'scale').on('click', switchUnits).append('g').attr('transform', 'translate(10,11)');
+           scalegroup.append('path').attr('class', 'scale-path');
+           selection.append('div').attr('class', 'scale-text');
+           selection.call(update);
+           context.map().on('move.scale', function () {
+             update(selection);
+           });
+         };
+       }
 
-           chapter.enter = function() {
-               showHelp();
-           };
+       function uiShortcuts(context) {
+         var detected = utilDetect();
+         var _activeTab = 0;
 
+         var _modalSelection;
 
-           chapter.exit = function() {
-               modalSelection.remove();
-               context.container().selectAll('.shaded').remove();  // in case user opened keyboard shortcuts
-           };
+         var _selection = select(null);
 
+         var _dataShortcuts;
 
-           return utilRebind(chapter, dispatch$1, 'on');
-       }
+         function shortcutsModal(_modalSelection) {
+           _modalSelection.select('.modal').classed('modal-shortcuts', true);
 
-       const chapterUi = {
-         welcome: uiIntroWelcome,
-         navigation: uiIntroNavigation,
-         point: uiIntroPoint,
-         area: uiIntroArea,
-         line: uiIntroLine,
-         building: uiIntroBuilding,
-         startEditing: uiIntroStartEditing
-       };
+           var content = _modalSelection.select('.content');
 
-       const chapterFlow = [
-         'welcome',
-         'navigation',
-         'point',
-         'area',
-         'line',
-         'building',
-         'startEditing'
-       ];
+           content.append('div').attr('class', 'modal-section').append('h3').html(_t.html('shortcuts.title'));
+           _mainFileFetcher.get('shortcuts').then(function (data) {
+             _dataShortcuts = data;
+             content.call(render);
+           })["catch"](function () {
+             /* ignore */
+           });
+         }
 
+         function render(selection) {
+           if (!_dataShortcuts) return;
+           var wrapper = selection.selectAll('.wrapper').data([0]);
+           var wrapperEnter = wrapper.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'wrapper modal-section');
+           var tabsBar = wrapperEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'tabs-bar');
+           var shortcutsList = wrapperEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'shortcuts-list');
+           wrapper = wrapper.merge(wrapperEnter);
+           var tabs = tabsBar.selectAll('.tab').data(_dataShortcuts);
+           var tabsEnter = tabs.enter().append('a').attr('class', 'tab').attr('href', '#').on('click', function (d3_event, d) {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
 
-       function uiIntro(context) {
-         const INTRO_IMAGERY = 'EsriWorldImageryClarity';
-         let _introGraph = {};
-         let _currChapter;
+             var i = _dataShortcuts.indexOf(d);
 
+             _activeTab = i;
+             render(selection);
+           });
+           tabsEnter.append('span').html(function (d) {
+             return _t.html(d.text);
+           }); // Update
 
-         function intro(selection) {
-           _mainFileFetcher.get('intro_graph')
-             .then(dataIntroGraph => {
-               // create entities for intro graph and localize names
-               for (let id in dataIntroGraph) {
-                 if (!_introGraph[id]) {
-                   _introGraph[id] = osmEntity(localize(dataIntroGraph[id]));
-                 }
-               }
-               selection.call(startIntro);
-             })
-             .catch(function() { /* ignore */ });
-         }
+           wrapper.selectAll('.tab').classed('active', function (d, i) {
+             return i === _activeTab;
+           });
+           var shortcuts = shortcutsList.selectAll('.shortcut-tab').data(_dataShortcuts);
+           var shortcutsEnter = shortcuts.enter().append('div').attr('class', function (d) {
+             return 'shortcut-tab shortcut-tab-' + d.tab;
+           });
+           var columnsEnter = shortcutsEnter.selectAll('.shortcut-column').data(function (d) {
+             return d.columns;
+           }).enter().append('table').attr('class', 'shortcut-column');
+           var rowsEnter = columnsEnter.selectAll('.shortcut-row').data(function (d) {
+             return d.rows;
+           }).enter().append('tr').attr('class', 'shortcut-row');
+           var sectionRows = rowsEnter.filter(function (d) {
+             return !d.shortcuts;
+           });
+           sectionRows.append('td');
+           sectionRows.append('td').attr('class', 'shortcut-section').append('h3').html(function (d) {
+             return _t.html(d.text);
+           });
+           var shortcutRows = rowsEnter.filter(function (d) {
+             return d.shortcuts;
+           });
+           var shortcutKeys = shortcutRows.append('td').attr('class', 'shortcut-keys');
+           var modifierKeys = shortcutKeys.filter(function (d) {
+             return d.modifiers;
+           });
+           modifierKeys.selectAll('kbd.modifier').data(function (d) {
+             if (detected.os === 'win' && d.text === 'shortcuts.editing.commands.redo') {
+               return ['⌘'];
+             } else if (detected.os !== 'mac' && d.text === 'shortcuts.browsing.display_options.fullscreen') {
+               return [];
+             } else {
+               return d.modifiers;
+             }
+           }).enter().each(function () {
+             var selection = select(this);
+             selection.append('kbd').attr('class', 'modifier').html(function (d) {
+               return uiCmd.display(d);
+             });
+             selection.append('span').html('+');
+           });
+           shortcutKeys.selectAll('kbd.shortcut').data(function (d) {
+             var arr = d.shortcuts;
 
+             if (detected.os === 'win' && d.text === 'shortcuts.editing.commands.redo') {
+               arr = ['Y'];
+             } else if (detected.os !== 'mac' && d.text === 'shortcuts.browsing.display_options.fullscreen') {
+               arr = ['F11'];
+             } // replace translations
 
-         function startIntro(selection) {
-           context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
 
-           // Save current map state
-           let osm = context.connection();
-           let history = context.history().toJSON();
-           let hash = window.location.hash;
-           let center = context.map().center();
-           let zoom = context.map().zoom();
-           let background = context.background().baseLayerSource();
-           let overlays = context.background().overlayLayerSources();
-           let opacity = context.container().selectAll('.main-map .layer-background').style('opacity');
-           let caches = osm && osm.caches();
-           let baseEntities = context.history().graph().base().entities;
-
-           // Show sidebar and disable the sidebar resizing button
-           // (this needs to be before `context.inIntro(true)`)
-           context.ui().sidebar.expand();
-           context.container().selectAll('button.sidebar-toggle').classed('disabled', true);
+             arr = arr.map(function (s) {
+               return uiCmd.display(s.indexOf('.') !== -1 ? _t(s) : s);
+             });
+             return utilArrayUniq(arr).map(function (s) {
+               return {
+                 shortcut: s,
+                 separator: d.separator,
+                 suffix: d.suffix
+               };
+             });
+           }).enter().each(function (d, i, nodes) {
+             var selection = select(this);
+             var click = d.shortcut.toLowerCase().match(/(.*).click/);
+
+             if (click && click[1]) {
+               // replace "left_click", "right_click" with mouse icon
+               selection.call(svgIcon('#iD-walkthrough-mouse-' + click[1], 'operation'));
+             } else if (d.shortcut.toLowerCase() === 'long-press') {
+               selection.call(svgIcon('#iD-walkthrough-longpress', 'longpress operation'));
+             } else if (d.shortcut.toLowerCase() === 'tap') {
+               selection.call(svgIcon('#iD-walkthrough-tap', 'tap operation'));
+             } else {
+               selection.append('kbd').attr('class', 'shortcut').html(function (d) {
+                 return d.shortcut;
+               });
+             }
+
+             if (i < nodes.length - 1) {
+               selection.append('span').html(d.separator || "\xA0" + _t.html('shortcuts.or') + "\xA0");
+             } else if (i === nodes.length - 1 && d.suffix) {
+               selection.append('span').html(d.suffix);
+             }
+           });
+           shortcutKeys.filter(function (d) {
+             return d.gesture;
+           }).each(function () {
+             var selection = select(this);
+             selection.append('span').html('+');
+             selection.append('span').attr('class', 'gesture').html(function (d) {
+               return _t.html(d.gesture);
+             });
+           });
+           shortcutRows.append('td').attr('class', 'shortcut-desc').html(function (d) {
+             return d.text ? _t.html(d.text) : "\xA0";
+           }); // Update
+
+           wrapper.selectAll('.shortcut-tab').style('display', function (d, i) {
+             return i === _activeTab ? 'flex' : 'none';
+           });
+         }
 
-           // Block saving
-           context.inIntro(true);
+         return function (selection, show) {
+           _selection = selection;
 
-           // Load semi-real data used in intro
-           if (osm) { osm.toggle(false).reset(); }
-           context.history().reset();
-           context.history().merge(Object.values(coreGraph().load(_introGraph).entities));
-           context.history().checkpoint('initial');
+           if (show) {
+             _modalSelection = uiModal(selection);
 
-           // Setup imagery
-           let imagery = context.background().findSource(INTRO_IMAGERY);
-           if (imagery) {
-             context.background().baseLayerSource(imagery);
+             _modalSelection.call(shortcutsModal);
            } else {
-             context.background().bing();
-           }
-           overlays.forEach(d => context.background().toggleOverlayLayer(d));
+             context.keybinding().on([_t('shortcuts.toggle.key'), '?'], function () {
+               if (context.container().selectAll('.modal-shortcuts').size()) {
+                 // already showing
+                 if (_modalSelection) {
+                   _modalSelection.close();
 
-           // Setup data layers (only OSM)
-           let layers = context.layers();
-           layers.all().forEach(item => {
-             // if the layer has the function `enabled`
-             if (typeof item.layer.enabled === 'function') {
-               item.layer.enabled(item.id === 'osm');
-             }
-           });
+                   _modalSelection = null;
+                 }
+               } else {
+                 _modalSelection = uiModal(_selection);
 
+                 _modalSelection.call(shortcutsModal);
+               }
+             });
+           }
+         };
+       }
 
-           context.container().selectAll('.main-map .layer-background').style('opacity', 1);
+       function uiDataHeader() {
+         var _datum;
 
-           let curtain = uiCurtain(context.container().node());
-           selection.call(curtain);
+         function dataHeader(selection) {
+           var header = selection.selectAll('.data-header').data(_datum ? [_datum] : [], function (d) {
+             return d.__featurehash__;
+           });
+           header.exit().remove();
+           var headerEnter = header.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'data-header');
+           var iconEnter = headerEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'data-header-icon');
+           iconEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'preset-icon-28').call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-data', 'note-fill'));
+           headerEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'data-header-label').html(_t.html('map_data.layers.custom.title'));
+         }
 
-           // Store that the user started the walkthrough..
-           corePreferences('walkthrough_started', 'yes');
+         dataHeader.datum = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _datum;
+           _datum = val;
+           return this;
+         };
 
-           // Restore previous walkthrough progress..
-           let storedProgress = corePreferences('walkthrough_progress') || '';
-           let progress = storedProgress.split(';').filter(Boolean);
+         return dataHeader;
+       }
 
-           let chapters = chapterFlow.map((chapter, i) => {
-             let s = chapterUi[chapter](context, curtain.reveal)
-               .on('done', () => {
+       // It is keyed on the `value` of the entry. Data should be an array of objects like:
+       //   [{
+       //       value:   'string value',  // required
+       //       display: 'label html'     // optional
+       //       title:   'hover text'     // optional
+       //       terms:   ['search terms'] // optional
+       //   }, ...]
 
-                 buttons
-                   .filter(d => d.title === s.title)
-                   .classed('finished', true);
+       var _comboHideTimerID;
 
-                 if (i < chapterFlow.length - 1) {
-                   const next = chapterFlow[i + 1];
-                   context.container().select(`button.chapter-${next}`)
-                     .classed('next', true);
-                 }
+       function uiCombobox(context, klass) {
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('accept', 'cancel');
+         var container = context.container();
+         var _suggestions = [];
+         var _data = [];
+         var _fetched = {};
+         var _selected = null;
+         var _canAutocomplete = true;
+         var _caseSensitive = false;
+         var _cancelFetch = false;
+         var _minItems = 2;
+         var _tDown = 0;
+
+         var _mouseEnterHandler, _mouseLeaveHandler;
+
+         var _fetcher = function _fetcher(val, cb) {
+           cb(_data.filter(function (d) {
+             var terms = d.terms || [];
+             terms.push(d.value);
+             return terms.some(function (term) {
+               return term.toString().toLowerCase().indexOf(val.toLowerCase()) !== -1;
+             });
+           }));
+         };
 
-                 // Store walkthrough progress..
-                 progress.push(chapter);
-                 corePreferences('walkthrough_progress', utilArrayUniq(progress).join(';'));
-               });
-             return s;
-           });
+         var combobox = function combobox(input, attachTo) {
+           if (!input || input.empty()) return;
+           input.classed('combobox-input', true).on('focus.combo-input', focus).on('blur.combo-input', blur).on('keydown.combo-input', keydown).on('keyup.combo-input', keyup).on('input.combo-input', change).on('mousedown.combo-input', mousedown).each(function () {
+             var parent = this.parentNode;
+             var sibling = this.nextSibling;
+             select(parent).selectAll('.combobox-caret').filter(function (d) {
+               return d === input.node();
+             }).data([input.node()]).enter().insert('div', function () {
+               return sibling;
+             }).attr('class', 'combobox-caret').on('mousedown.combo-caret', function (d3_event) {
+               d3_event.preventDefault(); // don't steal focus from input
 
-           chapters[chapters.length - 1].on('startEditing', () => {
-             // Store walkthrough progress..
-             progress.push('startEditing');
-             corePreferences('walkthrough_progress', utilArrayUniq(progress).join(';'));
+               input.node().focus(); // focus the input as if it was clicked
 
-             // Store if walkthrough is completed..
-             let incomplete = utilArrayDifference(chapterFlow, progress);
-             if (!incomplete.length) {
-               corePreferences('walkthrough_completed', 'yes');
-             }
+               mousedown(d3_event);
+             }).on('mouseup.combo-caret', function (d3_event) {
+               d3_event.preventDefault(); // don't steal focus from input
 
-             curtain.remove();
-             navwrap.remove();
-             context.container().selectAll('.main-map .layer-background').style('opacity', opacity);
-             context.container().selectAll('button.sidebar-toggle').classed('disabled', false);
-             if (osm) { osm.toggle(true).reset().caches(caches); }
-             context.history().reset().merge(Object.values(baseEntities));
-             context.background().baseLayerSource(background);
-             overlays.forEach(d => context.background().toggleOverlayLayer(d));
-             if (history) { context.history().fromJSON(history, false); }
-             context.map().centerZoom(center, zoom);
-             window.location.replace(hash);
-             context.inIntro(false);
+               mouseup(d3_event);
+             });
            });
 
-           let navwrap = selection
-             .append('div')
-             .attr('class', 'intro-nav-wrap fillD');
+           function mousedown(d3_event) {
+             if (d3_event.button !== 0) return; // left click only
 
-           navwrap
-             .append('svg')
-             .attr('class', 'intro-nav-wrap-logo')
-             .append('use')
-             .attr('xlink:href', '#iD-logo-walkthrough');
+             _tDown = +new Date(); // clear selection
 
-           let buttonwrap = navwrap
-             .append('div')
-             .attr('class', 'joined')
-             .selectAll('button.chapter');
+             var start = input.property('selectionStart');
+             var end = input.property('selectionEnd');
 
-           let buttons = buttonwrap
-             .data(chapters)
-             .enter()
-             .append('button')
-             .attr('class', (d, i) => `chapter chapter-${chapterFlow[i]}`)
-             .on('click', enterChapter);
+             if (start !== end) {
+               var val = utilGetSetValue(input);
+               input.node().setSelectionRange(val.length, val.length);
+               return;
+             }
 
-           buttons
-             .append('span')
-             .text(d => _t(d.title));
+             input.on('mouseup.combo-input', mouseup);
+           }
 
-           buttons
-             .append('span')
-             .attr('class', 'status')
-             .call(svgIcon((_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl' ? '#iD-icon-backward' : '#iD-icon-forward'), 'inline'));
+           function mouseup(d3_event) {
+             input.on('mouseup.combo-input', null);
+             if (d3_event.button !== 0) return; // left click only
 
-           enterChapter(chapters[0]);
+             if (input.node() !== document.activeElement) return; // exit if this input is not focused
 
+             var start = input.property('selectionStart');
+             var end = input.property('selectionEnd');
+             if (start !== end) return; // exit if user is selecting
+             // not showing or showing for a different field - try to show it.
 
-           function enterChapter(newChapter) {
-             if (_currChapter) { _currChapter.exit(); }
-             context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+             var combo = container.selectAll('.combobox');
 
-             _currChapter = newChapter;
-             _currChapter.enter();
+             if (combo.empty() || combo.datum() !== input.node()) {
+               var tOrig = _tDown;
+               window.setTimeout(function () {
+                 if (tOrig !== _tDown) return; // exit if user double clicked
 
-             buttons
-               .classed('next', false)
-               .classed('active', d => d.title === _currChapter.title);
+                 fetchComboData('', function () {
+                   show();
+                   render();
+                 });
+               }, 250);
+             } else {
+               hide();
+             }
            }
-         }
-
-
-         return intro;
-       }
-
-       function uiIssuesInfo(context) {
 
-           var warningsItem = {
-               id: 'warnings',
-               count: 0,
-               iconID: 'iD-icon-alert',
-               descriptionID: 'issues.warnings_and_errors'
-           };
+           function focus() {
+             fetchComboData(''); // prefetch values (may warm taginfo cache)
+           }
 
-           var resolvedItem = {
-               id: 'resolved',
-               count: 0,
-               iconID: 'iD-icon-apply',
-               descriptionID: 'issues.user_resolved_issues'
-           };
+           function blur() {
+             _comboHideTimerID = window.setTimeout(hide, 75);
+           }
 
-           function update(selection) {
+           function show() {
+             hide(); // remove any existing
 
-               var shownItems = [];
+             container.insert('div', ':first-child').datum(input.node()).attr('class', 'combobox' + (klass ? ' combobox-' + klass : '')).style('position', 'absolute').style('display', 'block').style('left', '0px').on('mousedown.combo-container', function (d3_event) {
+               // prevent moving focus out of the input field
+               d3_event.preventDefault();
+             });
+             container.on('scroll.combo-scroll', render, true);
+           }
 
-               var liveIssues = context.validator().getIssues({
-                   what: corePreferences('validate-what') || 'edited',
-                   where: corePreferences('validate-where') || 'all'
-               });
-               if (liveIssues.length) {
-                   warningsItem.count = liveIssues.length;
-                   shownItems.push(warningsItem);
-               }
+           function hide() {
+             if (_comboHideTimerID) {
+               window.clearTimeout(_comboHideTimerID);
+               _comboHideTimerID = undefined;
+             }
 
-               if (corePreferences('validate-what') === 'all') {
-                   var resolvedIssues = context.validator().getResolvedIssues();
-                   if (resolvedIssues.length) {
-                       resolvedItem.count = resolvedIssues.length;
-                       shownItems.push(resolvedItem);
-                   }
-               }
+             container.selectAll('.combobox').remove();
+             container.on('scroll.combo-scroll', null);
+           }
 
-               var chips = selection.selectAll('.chip')
-                   .data(shownItems, function(d) {
-                       return d.id;
-                   });
+           function keydown(d3_event) {
+             var shown = !container.selectAll('.combobox').empty();
+             var tagName = input.node() ? input.node().tagName.toLowerCase() : '';
 
-               chips.exit().remove();
+             switch (d3_event.keyCode) {
+               case 8: // ⌫ Backspace
 
-               var enter = chips.enter()
-                   .append('a')
-                   .attr('class', function(d) {
-                       return 'chip ' + d.id + '-count';
-                   })
-                   .attr('href', '#')
-                   .attr('tabindex', -1)
-                   .each(function(d) {
+               case 46:
+                 // ⌦ Delete
+                 d3_event.stopPropagation();
+                 _selected = null;
+                 render();
+                 input.on('input.combo-input', function () {
+                   var start = input.property('selectionStart');
+                   input.node().setSelectionRange(start, start);
+                   input.on('input.combo-input', change);
+                 });
+                 break;
 
-                       var chipSelection = select(this);
+               case 9:
+                 // ⇥ Tab
+                 accept();
+                 break;
 
-                       var tooltipBehavior = uiTooltip()
-                           .placement('top')
-                           .title(_t(d.descriptionID));
+               case 13:
+                 // ↩ Return
+                 d3_event.preventDefault();
+                 d3_event.stopPropagation();
+                 break;
 
-                       chipSelection
-                           .call(tooltipBehavior)
-                           .on('click', function() {
-                               event.preventDefault();
+               case 38:
+                 // ↑ Up arrow
+                 if (tagName === 'textarea' && !shown) return;
+                 d3_event.preventDefault();
 
-                               tooltipBehavior.hide(select(this));
-                               // open the Issues pane
-                               context.ui().togglePanes(context.container().select('.map-panes .issues-pane'));
-                           });
+                 if (tagName === 'input' && !shown) {
+                   show();
+                 }
 
-                       chipSelection.call(svgIcon('#' + d.iconID));
+                 nav(-1);
+                 break;
 
-                   });
+               case 40:
+                 // ↓ Down arrow
+                 if (tagName === 'textarea' && !shown) return;
+                 d3_event.preventDefault();
 
-               enter.append('span')
-                   .attr('class', 'count');
+                 if (tagName === 'input' && !shown) {
+                   show();
+                 }
 
-               enter.merge(chips)
-                   .selectAll('span.count')
-                   .text(function(d) {
-                       return d.count.toString();
-                   });
+                 nav(+1);
+                 break;
+             }
            }
 
+           function keyup(d3_event) {
+             switch (d3_event.keyCode) {
+               case 27:
+                 // ⎋ Escape
+                 cancel();
+                 break;
 
-           return function(selection) {
-               update(selection);
+               case 13:
+                 // ↩ Return
+                 accept();
+                 break;
+             }
+           } // Called whenever the input value is changed (e.g. on typing)
 
-               context.validator().on('validated.infobox', function() {
-                   update(selection);
-               });
-           };
-       }
 
-       // import { utilGetDimensions } from '../util/dimensions';
+           function change() {
+             fetchComboData(value(), function () {
+               _selected = null;
+               var val = input.property('value');
 
+               if (_suggestions.length) {
+                 if (input.property('selectionEnd') === val.length) {
+                   _selected = tryAutocomplete();
+                 }
 
-       function uiMapInMap(context) {
+                 if (!_selected) {
+                   _selected = val;
+                 }
+               }
 
-           function mapInMap(selection) {
-               var backgroundLayer = rendererTileLayer(context);
-               var overlayLayers = {};
-               var projection = geoRawMercator();
-               var dataLayer = svgData(projection, context).showLabels(false);
-               var debugLayer = svgDebug(projection, context);
-               var zoom = d3_zoom()
-                   .scaleExtent([geoZoomToScale(0.5), geoZoomToScale(24)])
-                   .on('start', zoomStarted)
-                   .on('zoom', zoomed)
-                   .on('end', zoomEnded);
-
-               var wrap = select(null);
-               var tiles = select(null);
-               var viewport = select(null);
-
-               var _isTransformed = false;
-               var _isHidden = true;
-               var _skipEvents = false;
-               var _gesture = null;
-               var _zDiff = 6;    // by default, minimap renders at (main zoom - 6)
-               var _dMini;        // dimensions of minimap
-               var _cMini;        // center pixel of minimap
-               var _tStart;       // transform at start of gesture
-               var _tCurr;        // transform at most recent event
-               var _timeoutID;
-
-
-               function zoomStarted() {
-                   if (_skipEvents) return;
-                   _tStart = _tCurr = projection.transform();
-                   _gesture = null;
-               }
-
-
-               function zoomed() {
-                   if (_skipEvents) return;
-
-                   var x = event.transform.x;
-                   var y = event.transform.y;
-                   var k = event.transform.k;
-                   var isZooming = (k !== _tStart.k);
-                   var isPanning = (x !== _tStart.x || y !== _tStart.y);
-
-                   if (!isZooming && !isPanning) {
-                       return;  // no change
-                   }
+               if (val.length) {
+                 var combo = container.selectAll('.combobox');
 
-                   // lock in either zooming or panning, don't allow both in minimap.
-                   if (!_gesture) {
-                       _gesture = isZooming ? 'zoom' : 'pan';
-                   }
+                 if (combo.empty()) {
+                   show();
+                 }
+               } else {
+                 hide();
+               }
 
-                   var tMini = projection.transform();
-                   var tX, tY, scale;
+               render();
+             });
+           } // Called when the user presses up/down arrows to navigate the list
 
-                   if (_gesture === 'zoom') {
-                       scale = k / tMini.k;
-                       tX = (_cMini[0] / scale - _cMini[0]) * scale;
-                       tY = (_cMini[1] / scale - _cMini[1]) * scale;
-                   } else {
-                       k = tMini.k;
-                       scale = 1;
-                       tX = x - tMini.x;
-                       tY = y - tMini.y;
-                   }
 
-                   utilSetTransform(tiles, tX, tY, scale);
-                   utilSetTransform(viewport, 0, 0, scale);
-                   _isTransformed = true;
-                   _tCurr = identity$2.translate(x, y).scale(k);
+           function nav(dir) {
+             if (_suggestions.length) {
+               // try to determine previously selected index..
+               var index = -1;
 
-                   var zMain = geoScaleToZoom(context.projection.scale());
-                   var zMini = geoScaleToZoom(k);
+               for (var i = 0; i < _suggestions.length; i++) {
+                 if (_selected && _suggestions[i].value === _selected) {
+                   index = i;
+                   break;
+                 }
+               } // pick new _selected
 
-                   _zDiff = zMain - zMini;
 
-                   queueRedraw();
-               }
+               index = Math.max(Math.min(index + dir, _suggestions.length - 1), 0);
+               _selected = _suggestions[index].value;
+               input.property('value', _selected);
+             }
 
+             render();
+             ensureVisible();
+           }
 
-               function zoomEnded() {
-                   if (_skipEvents) return;
-                   if (_gesture !== 'pan') return;
+           function ensureVisible() {
+             var combo = container.selectAll('.combobox');
+             if (combo.empty()) return;
+             var containerRect = container.node().getBoundingClientRect();
+             var comboRect = combo.node().getBoundingClientRect();
 
-                   updateProjection();
-                   _gesture = null;
-                   context.map().center(projection.invert(_cMini));   // recenter main map..
-               }
+             if (comboRect.bottom > containerRect.bottom) {
+               var node = attachTo ? attachTo.node() : input.node();
+               node.scrollIntoView({
+                 behavior: 'instant',
+                 block: 'center'
+               });
+               render();
+             } // https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11039885/scrollintoview-causing-the-whole-page-to-move
 
 
-               function updateProjection() {
-                   var loc = context.map().center();
-                   var tMain = context.projection.transform();
-                   var zMain = geoScaleToZoom(tMain.k);
-                   var zMini = Math.max(zMain - _zDiff, 0.5);
-                   var kMini = geoZoomToScale(zMini);
+             var selected = combo.selectAll('.combobox-option.selected').node();
 
-                   projection
-                       .translate([tMain.x, tMain.y])
-                       .scale(kMini);
+             if (selected) {
+               selected.scrollIntoView({
+                 behavior: 'smooth',
+                 block: 'nearest'
+               });
+             }
+           }
 
-                   var point = projection(loc);
-                   var mouse = (_gesture === 'pan') ? geoVecSubtract([_tCurr.x, _tCurr.y], [_tStart.x, _tStart.y]) : [0, 0];
-                   var xMini = _cMini[0] - point[0] + tMain.x + mouse[0];
-                   var yMini = _cMini[1] - point[1] + tMain.y + mouse[1];
+           function value() {
+             var value = input.property('value');
+             var start = input.property('selectionStart');
+             var end = input.property('selectionEnd');
 
-                   projection
-                       .translate([xMini, yMini])
-                       .clipExtent([[0, 0], _dMini]);
+             if (start && end) {
+               value = value.substring(0, start);
+             }
 
-                   _tCurr = projection.transform();
+             return value;
+           }
 
-                   if (_isTransformed) {
-                       utilSetTransform(tiles, 0, 0);
-                       utilSetTransform(viewport, 0, 0);
-                       _isTransformed = false;
-                   }
+           function fetchComboData(v, cb) {
+             _cancelFetch = false;
 
-                   zoom
-                       .scaleExtent([geoZoomToScale(0.5), geoZoomToScale(zMain - 3)]);
+             _fetcher.call(input, v, function (results) {
+               // already chose a value, don't overwrite or autocomplete it
+               if (_cancelFetch) return;
+               _suggestions = results;
+               results.forEach(function (d) {
+                 _fetched[d.value] = d;
+               });
 
-                   _skipEvents = true;
-                   wrap.call(zoom.transform, _tCurr);
-                   _skipEvents = false;
+               if (cb) {
+                 cb();
                }
+             });
+           }
 
+           function tryAutocomplete() {
+             if (!_canAutocomplete) return;
+             var val = _caseSensitive ? value() : value().toLowerCase();
+             if (!val) return; // Don't autocomplete if user is typing a number - #4935
 
-               function redraw() {
-                   clearTimeout(_timeoutID);
-                   if (_isHidden) return;
-
-                   updateProjection();
-                   var zMini = geoScaleToZoom(projection.scale());
+             if (!isNaN(parseFloat(val)) && isFinite(val)) return;
+             var bestIndex = -1;
 
-                   // setup tile container
-                   tiles = wrap
-                       .selectAll('.map-in-map-tiles')
-                       .data([0]);
+             for (var i = 0; i < _suggestions.length; i++) {
+               var suggestion = _suggestions[i].value;
+               var compare = _caseSensitive ? suggestion : suggestion.toLowerCase(); // if search string matches suggestion exactly, pick it..
 
-                   tiles = tiles.enter()
-                       .append('div')
-                       .attr('class', 'map-in-map-tiles')
-                       .merge(tiles);
+               if (compare === val) {
+                 bestIndex = i;
+                 break; // otherwise lock in the first result that starts with the search string..
+               } else if (bestIndex === -1 && compare.indexOf(val) === 0) {
+                 bestIndex = i;
+               }
+             }
 
-                   // redraw background
-                   backgroundLayer
-                       .source(context.background().baseLayerSource())
-                       .projection(projection)
-                       .dimensions(_dMini);
+             if (bestIndex !== -1) {
+               var bestVal = _suggestions[bestIndex].value;
+               input.property('value', bestVal);
+               input.node().setSelectionRange(val.length, bestVal.length);
+               return bestVal;
+             }
+           }
 
-                   var background = tiles
-                       .selectAll('.map-in-map-background')
-                       .data([0]);
+           function render() {
+             if (_suggestions.length < _minItems || document.activeElement !== input.node()) {
+               hide();
+               return;
+             }
 
-                   background.enter()
-                       .append('div')
-                       .attr('class', 'map-in-map-background')
-                       .merge(background)
-                       .call(backgroundLayer);
+             var shown = !container.selectAll('.combobox').empty();
+             if (!shown) return;
+             var combo = container.selectAll('.combobox');
+             var options = combo.selectAll('.combobox-option').data(_suggestions, function (d) {
+               return d.value;
+             });
+             options.exit().remove(); // enter/update
+
+             options.enter().append('a').attr('class', function (d) {
+               return 'combobox-option ' + (d.klass || '');
+             }).attr('title', function (d) {
+               return d.title;
+             }).html(function (d) {
+               return d.display || d.value;
+             }).on('mouseenter', _mouseEnterHandler).on('mouseleave', _mouseLeaveHandler).merge(options).classed('selected', function (d) {
+               return d.value === _selected;
+             }).on('click.combo-option', accept).order();
+             var node = attachTo ? attachTo.node() : input.node();
+             var containerRect = container.node().getBoundingClientRect();
+             var rect = node.getBoundingClientRect();
+             combo.style('left', rect.left + 5 - containerRect.left + 'px').style('width', rect.width - 10 + 'px').style('top', rect.height + rect.top - containerRect.top + 'px');
+           } // Dispatches an 'accept' event
+           // Then hides the combobox.
+
+
+           function accept(d3_event, d) {
+             _cancelFetch = true;
+             var thiz = input.node();
+
+             if (d) {
+               // user clicked on a suggestion
+               utilGetSetValue(input, d.value); // replace field contents
+
+               utilTriggerEvent(input, 'change');
+             } // clear (and keep) selection
+
+
+             var val = utilGetSetValue(input);
+             thiz.setSelectionRange(val.length, val.length);
+             d = _fetched[val];
+             dispatch.call('accept', thiz, d, val);
+             hide();
+           } // Dispatches an 'cancel' event
+           // Then hides the combobox.
 
 
-                   // redraw overlay
-                   var overlaySources = context.background().overlayLayerSources();
-                   var activeOverlayLayers = [];
-                   for (var i = 0; i < overlaySources.length; i++) {
-                       if (overlaySources[i].validZoom(zMini)) {
-                           if (!overlayLayers[i]) overlayLayers[i] = rendererTileLayer(context);
-                           activeOverlayLayers.push(overlayLayers[i]
-                               .source(overlaySources[i])
-                               .projection(projection)
-                               .dimensions(_dMini));
-                       }
-                   }
+           function cancel() {
+             _cancelFetch = true;
+             var thiz = input.node(); // clear (and remove) selection, and replace field contents
 
-                   var overlay = tiles
-                       .selectAll('.map-in-map-overlay')
-                       .data([0]);
+             var val = utilGetSetValue(input);
+             var start = input.property('selectionStart');
+             var end = input.property('selectionEnd');
+             val = val.slice(0, start) + val.slice(end);
+             utilGetSetValue(input, val);
+             thiz.setSelectionRange(val.length, val.length);
+             dispatch.call('cancel', thiz);
+             hide();
+           }
+         };
 
-                   overlay = overlay.enter()
-                       .append('div')
-                       .attr('class', 'map-in-map-overlay')
-                       .merge(overlay);
+         combobox.canAutocomplete = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _canAutocomplete;
+           _canAutocomplete = val;
+           return combobox;
+         };
 
+         combobox.caseSensitive = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _caseSensitive;
+           _caseSensitive = val;
+           return combobox;
+         };
 
-                   var overlays = overlay
-                       .selectAll('div')
-                       .data(activeOverlayLayers, function(d) { return d.source().name(); });
+         combobox.data = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _data;
+           _data = val;
+           return combobox;
+         };
 
-                   overlays.exit()
-                       .remove();
+         combobox.fetcher = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _fetcher;
+           _fetcher = val;
+           return combobox;
+         };
 
-                   overlays = overlays.enter()
-                       .append('div')
-                       .merge(overlays)
-                       .each(function(layer) { select(this).call(layer); });
+         combobox.minItems = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _minItems;
+           _minItems = val;
+           return combobox;
+         };
 
+         combobox.itemsMouseEnter = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _mouseEnterHandler;
+           _mouseEnterHandler = val;
+           return combobox;
+         };
 
-                   var dataLayers = tiles
-                       .selectAll('.map-in-map-data')
-                       .data([0]);
+         combobox.itemsMouseLeave = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _mouseLeaveHandler;
+           _mouseLeaveHandler = val;
+           return combobox;
+         };
 
-                   dataLayers.exit()
-                       .remove();
+         return utilRebind(combobox, dispatch, 'on');
+       }
 
-                   dataLayers = dataLayers.enter()
-                       .append('svg')
-                       .attr('class', 'map-in-map-data')
-                       .merge(dataLayers)
-                       .call(dataLayer)
-                       .call(debugLayer);
+       uiCombobox.off = function (input, context) {
+         input.on('focus.combo-input', null).on('blur.combo-input', null).on('keydown.combo-input', null).on('keyup.combo-input', null).on('input.combo-input', null).on('mousedown.combo-input', null).on('mouseup.combo-input', null);
+         context.container().on('scroll.combo-scroll', null);
+       };
 
+       function uiDisclosure(context, key, expandedDefault) {
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('toggled');
 
-                   // redraw viewport bounding box
-                   if (_gesture !== 'pan') {
-                       var getPath = d3_geoPath(projection);
-                       var bbox = { type: 'Polygon', coordinates: [context.map().extent().polygon()] };
+         var _expanded;
 
-                       viewport = wrap.selectAll('.map-in-map-viewport')
-                           .data([0]);
+         var _label = utilFunctor('');
 
-                       viewport = viewport.enter()
-                           .append('svg')
-                           .attr('class', 'map-in-map-viewport')
-                           .merge(viewport);
+         var _updatePreference = true;
 
+         var _content = function _content() {};
 
-                       var path = viewport.selectAll('.map-in-map-bbox')
-                           .data([bbox]);
+         var disclosure = function disclosure(selection) {
+           if (_expanded === undefined || _expanded === null) {
+             // loading _expanded here allows it to be reset by calling `disclosure.expanded(null)`
+             var preference = corePreferences('disclosure.' + key + '.expanded');
+             _expanded = preference === null ? !!expandedDefault : preference === 'true';
+           }
 
-                       path.enter()
-                           .append('path')
-                           .attr('class', 'map-in-map-bbox')
-                           .merge(path)
-                           .attr('d', getPath)
-                           .classed('thick', function(d) { return getPath.area(d) < 30; });
-                   }
-               }
+           var hideToggle = selection.selectAll('.hide-toggle-' + key).data([0]); // enter
 
+           var hideToggleEnter = hideToggle.enter().append('a').attr('href', '#').attr('class', 'hide-toggle hide-toggle-' + key).call(svgIcon('', 'pre-text', 'hide-toggle-icon'));
+           hideToggleEnter.append('span').attr('class', 'hide-toggle-text'); // update
 
-               function queueRedraw() {
-                   clearTimeout(_timeoutID);
-                   _timeoutID = setTimeout(function() { redraw(); }, 750);
-               }
+           hideToggle = hideToggleEnter.merge(hideToggle);
+           hideToggle.on('click', toggle).classed('expanded', _expanded);
+           hideToggle.selectAll('.hide-toggle-text').html(_label());
+           hideToggle.selectAll('.hide-toggle-icon').attr('xlink:href', _expanded ? '#iD-icon-down' : _mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl' ? '#iD-icon-backward' : '#iD-icon-forward');
+           var wrap = selection.selectAll('.disclosure-wrap').data([0]); // enter/update
 
+           wrap = wrap.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'disclosure-wrap disclosure-wrap-' + key).merge(wrap).classed('hide', !_expanded);
 
-               function toggle() {
-                   if (event) event.preventDefault();
+           if (_expanded) {
+             wrap.call(_content);
+           }
 
-                   _isHidden = !_isHidden;
+           function toggle(d3_event) {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             _expanded = !_expanded;
 
-                   context.container().select('.minimap-toggle-item')
-                       .classed('active', !_isHidden)
-                       .select('input')
-                       .property('checked', !_isHidden);
+             if (_updatePreference) {
+               corePreferences('disclosure.' + key + '.expanded', _expanded);
+             }
 
-                   if (_isHidden) {
-                       wrap
-                           .style('display', 'block')
-                           .style('opacity', '1')
-                           .transition()
-                           .duration(200)
-                           .style('opacity', '0')
-                           .on('end', function() {
-                               selection.selectAll('.map-in-map')
-                                   .style('display', 'none');
-                           });
-                   } else {
-                       wrap
-                           .style('display', 'block')
-                           .style('opacity', '0')
-                           .transition()
-                           .duration(200)
-                           .style('opacity', '1')
-                           .on('end', function() {
-                               redraw();
-                           });
-                   }
-               }
+             hideToggle.classed('expanded', _expanded);
+             hideToggle.selectAll('.hide-toggle-icon').attr('xlink:href', _expanded ? '#iD-icon-down' : _mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl' ? '#iD-icon-backward' : '#iD-icon-forward');
+             wrap.call(uiToggle(_expanded));
 
+             if (_expanded) {
+               wrap.call(_content);
+             }
 
-               uiMapInMap.toggle = toggle;
+             dispatch.call('toggled', this, _expanded);
+           }
+         };
 
-               wrap = selection.selectAll('.map-in-map')
-                   .data([0]);
+         disclosure.label = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _label;
+           _label = utilFunctor(val);
+           return disclosure;
+         };
 
-               wrap = wrap.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'map-in-map')
-                   .style('display', (_isHidden ? 'none' : 'block'))
-                   .call(zoom)
-                   .on('dblclick.zoom', null)
-                   .merge(wrap);
-
-               // reflow warning: Hardcode dimensions - currently can't resize it anyway..
-               _dMini = [200,150]; //utilGetDimensions(wrap);
-               _cMini = geoVecScale(_dMini, 0.5);
-
-               context.map()
-                   .on('drawn.map-in-map', function(drawn) {
-                       if (drawn.full === true) {
-                           redraw();
-                       }
-                   });
+         disclosure.expanded = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _expanded;
+           _expanded = val;
+           return disclosure;
+         };
 
-               redraw();
+         disclosure.updatePreference = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _updatePreference;
+           _updatePreference = val;
+           return disclosure;
+         };
 
-               context.keybinding()
-                   .on(_t('background.minimap.key'), toggle);
-           }
+         disclosure.content = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _content;
+           _content = val;
+           return disclosure;
+         };
 
-           return mapInMap;
+         return utilRebind(disclosure, dispatch, 'on');
        }
 
-       function uiNotice(context) {
+       // Can be labeled and collapsible.
 
-           return function(selection) {
-               var div = selection
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'notice');
-
-               var button = div
-                   .append('button')
-                   .attr('class', 'zoom-to notice fillD')
-                   .on('click', function() {
-                       context.map().zoomEase(context.minEditableZoom());
-                   })
-                   .on('wheel', function() {   // let wheel events pass through #4482
-                       var e2 = new WheelEvent(event.type, event);
-                       context.surface().node().dispatchEvent(e2);
-                   });
+       function uiSection(id, context) {
+         var _classes = utilFunctor('');
 
-               button
-                   .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-plus', 'pre-text'))
-                   .append('span')
-                   .attr('class', 'label')
-                   .text(_t('zoom_in_edit'));
+         var _shouldDisplay;
 
+         var _content;
 
-               function disableTooHigh() {
-                   var canEdit = context.map().zoom() >= context.minEditableZoom();
-                   div.style('display', canEdit ? 'none' : 'block');
-               }
+         var _disclosure;
 
-               context.map()
-                   .on('move.notice', debounce(disableTooHigh, 500));
+         var _label;
 
-               disableTooHigh();
-           };
-       }
+         var _expandedByDefault = utilFunctor(true);
 
-       function uiPhotoviewer(context) {
+         var _disclosureContent;
 
-           var dispatch$1 = dispatch('resize');
+         var _disclosureExpanded;
 
-           var _pointerPrefix = 'PointerEvent' in window ? 'pointer' : 'mouse';
+         var _containerSelection = select(null);
 
-           function photoviewer(selection) {
-               selection
-                   .append('button')
-                   .attr('class', 'thumb-hide')
-                   .on('click', function () {
-                       if (services.streetside) { services.streetside.hideViewer(context); }
-                       if (services.mapillary) { services.mapillary.hideViewer(context); }
-                       if (services.openstreetcam) { services.openstreetcam.hideViewer(context); }
-                   })
-                   .append('div')
-                   .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-close'));
-
-               function preventDefault() {
-                   event.preventDefault();
-               }
-
-               selection
-                   .append('button')
-                   .attr('class', 'resize-handle-xy')
-                   .on('touchstart touchdown touchend', preventDefault)
-                   .on(
-                       _pointerPrefix + 'down',
-                       buildResizeListener(selection, 'resize', dispatch$1, { resizeOnX: true, resizeOnY: true })
-                   );
-
-               selection
-                   .append('button')
-                   .attr('class', 'resize-handle-x')
-                   .on('touchstart touchdown touchend', preventDefault)
-                   .on(
-                       _pointerPrefix + 'down',
-                       buildResizeListener(selection, 'resize', dispatch$1, { resizeOnX: true })
-                   );
-
-               selection
-                   .append('button')
-                   .attr('class', 'resize-handle-y')
-                   .on('touchstart touchdown touchend', preventDefault)
-                   .on(
-                       _pointerPrefix + 'down',
-                       buildResizeListener(selection, 'resize', dispatch$1, { resizeOnY: true })
-                   );
-
-               services.streetside.loadViewer(context);
-               services.mapillary.loadViewer(context);
-               services.openstreetcam.loadViewer(context);
-
-               function buildResizeListener(target, eventName, dispatch, options) {
-
-                   var resizeOnX = !!options.resizeOnX;
-                   var resizeOnY = !!options.resizeOnY;
-                   var minHeight = options.minHeight || 240;
-                   var minWidth = options.minWidth || 320;
-                   var pointerId;
-                   var startX;
-                   var startY;
-                   var startWidth;
-                   var startHeight;
-
-                   function startResize() {
-                       if (pointerId !== (event.pointerId || 'mouse')) return;
-
-                       event.preventDefault();
-                       event.stopPropagation();
-
-                       var mapSize = context.map().dimensions();
-
-                       if (resizeOnX) {
-                           var maxWidth = mapSize[0];
-                           var newWidth = clamp((startWidth + event.clientX - startX), minWidth, maxWidth);
-                           target.style('width', newWidth + 'px');
-                       }
+         var section = {
+           id: id
+         };
 
-                       if (resizeOnY) {
-                           var maxHeight = mapSize[1] - 90;  // preserve space at top/bottom of map
-                           var newHeight = clamp((startHeight + startY - event.clientY), minHeight, maxHeight);
-                           target.style('height', newHeight + 'px');
-                       }
+         section.classes = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _classes;
+           _classes = utilFunctor(val);
+           return section;
+         };
 
-                       dispatch.call(eventName, target, utilGetDimensions(target, true));
-                   }
+         section.label = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _label;
+           _label = utilFunctor(val);
+           return section;
+         };
 
-                   function clamp(num, min, max) {
-                       return Math.max(min, Math.min(num, max));
-                   }
+         section.expandedByDefault = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _expandedByDefault;
+           _expandedByDefault = utilFunctor(val);
+           return section;
+         };
 
-                   function stopResize() {
-                       if (pointerId !== (event.pointerId || 'mouse')) return;
+         section.shouldDisplay = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _shouldDisplay;
+           _shouldDisplay = utilFunctor(val);
+           return section;
+         };
 
-                       event.preventDefault();
-                       event.stopPropagation();
+         section.content = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _content;
+           _content = val;
+           return section;
+         };
 
-                       // remove all the listeners we added
-                       select(window)
-                           .on('.' + eventName, null);
-                   }
+         section.disclosureContent = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _disclosureContent;
+           _disclosureContent = val;
+           return section;
+         };
 
-                   return function initResize() {
-                       event.preventDefault();
-                       event.stopPropagation();
+         section.disclosureExpanded = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _disclosureExpanded;
+           _disclosureExpanded = val;
+           return section;
+         }; // may be called multiple times
 
-                       pointerId = event.pointerId || 'mouse';
 
-                       startX = event.clientX;
-                       startY = event.clientY;
-                       var targetRect = target.node().getBoundingClientRect();
-                       startWidth = targetRect.width;
-                       startHeight = targetRect.height;
+         section.render = function (selection) {
+           _containerSelection = selection.selectAll('.section-' + id).data([0]);
 
-                       select(window)
-                           .on(_pointerPrefix + 'move.' + eventName, startResize, false)
-                           .on(_pointerPrefix + 'up.' + eventName, stopResize, false);
+           var sectionEnter = _containerSelection.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'section section-' + id + ' ' + (_classes && _classes() || ''));
 
-                       if (_pointerPrefix === 'pointer') {
-                           select(window)
-                               .on('pointercancel.' + eventName, stopResize, false);
-                       }
-                   };
-               }
-           }
+           _containerSelection = sectionEnter.merge(_containerSelection);
 
-           photoviewer.onMapResize = function() {
-               var photoviewer = context.container().select('.photoviewer');
-               var content = context.container().select('.main-content');
-               var mapDimensions = utilGetDimensions(content, true);
-               // shrink photo viewer if it is too big
-               // (-90 preserves space at top and bottom of map used by menus)
-               var photoDimensions = utilGetDimensions(photoviewer, true);
-               if (photoDimensions[0] > mapDimensions[0] || photoDimensions[1] > (mapDimensions[1] - 90)) {
-                   var setPhotoDimensions = [
-                       Math.min(photoDimensions[0], mapDimensions[0]),
-                       Math.min(photoDimensions[1], mapDimensions[1] - 90),
-                   ];
+           _containerSelection.call(renderContent);
+         };
 
-                   photoviewer
-                       .style('width', setPhotoDimensions[0] + 'px')
-                       .style('height', setPhotoDimensions[1] + 'px');
+         section.reRender = function () {
+           _containerSelection.call(renderContent);
+         };
 
-                   dispatch$1.call('resize', photoviewer, setPhotoDimensions);
-               }
-           };
+         section.selection = function () {
+           return _containerSelection;
+         };
 
-           return utilRebind(photoviewer, dispatch$1, 'on');
-       }
+         section.disclosure = function () {
+           return _disclosure;
+         }; // may be called multiple times
 
-       function uiRestore(context) {
-         return function(selection) {
-           if (!context.history().hasRestorableChanges()) return;
 
-           let modalSelection = uiModal(selection, true);
+         function renderContent(selection) {
+           if (_shouldDisplay) {
+             var shouldDisplay = _shouldDisplay();
 
-           modalSelection.select('.modal')
-             .attr('class', 'modal fillL');
+             selection.classed('hide', !shouldDisplay);
 
-           let introModal = modalSelection.select('.content');
+             if (!shouldDisplay) {
+               selection.html('');
+               return;
+             }
+           }
 
-           introModal
-             .append('div')
-             .attr('class', 'modal-section')
-             .append('h3')
-             .text(_t('restore.heading'));
+           if (_disclosureContent) {
+             if (!_disclosure) {
+               _disclosure = uiDisclosure(context, id.replace(/-/g, '_'), _expandedByDefault()).label(_label || '')
+               /*.on('toggled', function(expanded) {
+                   if (expanded) { selection.node().parentNode.scrollTop += 200; }
+               })*/
+               .content(_disclosureContent);
+             }
 
-           introModal
-             .append('div')
-             .attr('class','modal-section')
-             .append('p')
-             .text(_t('restore.description'));
+             if (_disclosureExpanded !== undefined) {
+               _disclosure.expanded(_disclosureExpanded);
 
-           let buttonWrap = introModal
-             .append('div')
-             .attr('class', 'modal-actions');
+               _disclosureExpanded = undefined;
+             }
 
-           let restore = buttonWrap
-             .append('button')
-             .attr('class', 'restore')
-             .on('click', () => {
-               context.history().restore();
-               modalSelection.remove();
-             });
+             selection.call(_disclosure);
+             return;
+           }
 
-           restore
-             .append('svg')
-             .attr('class', 'logo logo-restore')
-             .append('use')
-             .attr('xlink:href', '#iD-logo-restore');
+           if (_content) {
+             selection.call(_content);
+           }
+         }
 
-           restore
-             .append('div')
-             .text(_t('restore.restore'));
+         return section;
+       }
 
-           let reset = buttonWrap
-             .append('button')
-             .attr('class', 'reset')
-             .on('click', () => {
-               context.history().clearSaved();
-               modalSelection.remove();
-             });
+       // {
+       //   key: 'string',     // required
+       //   value: 'string'    // optional
+       // }
+       //   -or-
+       // {
+       //   qid: 'string'      // brand wikidata  (e.g. 'Q37158')
+       // }
+       //
 
-           reset
-             .append('svg')
-             .attr('class', 'logo logo-reset')
-             .append('use')
-             .attr('xlink:href', '#iD-logo-reset');
+       function uiTagReference(what) {
+         var wikibase = what.qid ? services.wikidata : services.osmWikibase;
+         var tagReference = {};
 
-           reset
-             .append('div')
-             .text(_t('restore.reset'));
+         var _button = select(null);
 
-           restore.node().focus();
-         };
-       }
+         var _body = select(null);
 
-       function uiScale(context) {
-           var projection = context.projection,
-               isImperial = !_mainLocalizer.usesMetric(),
-               maxLength = 180,
-               tickHeight = 8;
+         var _loaded;
 
+         var _showing;
 
-           function scaleDefs(loc1, loc2) {
-               var lat = (loc2[1] + loc1[1]) / 2,
-                   conversion = (isImperial ? 3.28084 : 1),
-                   dist = geoLonToMeters(loc2[0] - loc1[0], lat) * conversion,
-                   scale = { dist: 0, px: 0, text: '' },
-                   buckets, i, val, dLon;
+         function load() {
+           if (!wikibase) return;
 
-               if (isImperial) {
-                   buckets = [5280000, 528000, 52800, 5280, 500, 50, 5, 1];
-               } else {
-                   buckets = [5000000, 500000, 50000, 5000, 500, 50, 5, 1];
-               }
+           _button.classed('tag-reference-loading', true);
 
-               // determine a user-friendly endpoint for the scale
-               for (i = 0; i < buckets.length; i++) {
-                   val = buckets[i];
-                   if (dist >= val) {
-                       scale.dist = Math.floor(dist / val) * val;
-                       break;
-                   } else {
-                       scale.dist = +dist.toFixed(2);
-                   }
-               }
+           wikibase.getDocs(what, gotDocs);
+         }
 
-               dLon = geoMetersToLon(scale.dist / conversion, lat);
-               scale.px = Math.round(projection([loc1[0] + dLon, loc1[1]])[0]);
+         function gotDocs(err, docs) {
+           _body.html('');
 
-               scale.text = displayLength(scale.dist / conversion, isImperial);
+           if (!docs || !docs.title) {
+             _body.append('p').attr('class', 'tag-reference-description').html(_t.html('inspector.no_documentation_key'));
 
-               return scale;
+             done();
+             return;
            }
 
+           if (docs.imageURL) {
+             _body.append('img').attr('class', 'tag-reference-wiki-image').attr('src', docs.imageURL).on('load', function () {
+               done();
+             }).on('error', function () {
+               select(this).remove();
+               done();
+             });
+           } else {
+             done();
+           }
 
-           function update(selection) {
-               // choose loc1, loc2 along bottom of viewport (near where the scale will be drawn)
-               var dims = context.map().dimensions(),
-                   loc1 = projection.invert([0, dims[1]]),
-                   loc2 = projection.invert([maxLength, dims[1]]),
-                   scale = scaleDefs(loc1, loc2);
+           _body.append('p').attr('class', 'tag-reference-description').html(docs.description ? _mainLocalizer.htmlForLocalizedText(docs.description, docs.descriptionLocaleCode) : _t.html('inspector.no_documentation_key')).append('a').attr('class', 'tag-reference-edit').attr('target', '_blank').attr('title', _t('inspector.edit_reference')).attr('href', docs.editURL).call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-edit', 'inline'));
 
-               selection.select('.scale-path')
-                   .attr('d', 'M0.5,0.5v' + tickHeight + 'h' + scale.px + 'v-' + tickHeight);
+           if (docs.wiki) {
+             _body.append('a').attr('class', 'tag-reference-link').attr('target', '_blank').attr('href', docs.wiki.url).call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-out-link', 'inline')).append('span').html(_t.html(docs.wiki.text));
+           } // Add link to info about "good changeset comments" - #2923
 
-               selection.select('.scale-textgroup')
-                   .attr('transform', 'translate(' + (scale.px + 8) + ',' + tickHeight + ')');
 
-               selection.select('.scale-text')
-                   .text(scale.text);
+           if (what.key === 'comment') {
+             _body.append('a').attr('class', 'tag-reference-comment-link').attr('target', '_blank').call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-out-link', 'inline')).attr('href', _t('commit.about_changeset_comments_link')).append('span').html(_t.html('commit.about_changeset_comments'));
            }
+         }
 
+         function done() {
+           _loaded = true;
 
-           return function(selection) {
-               function switchUnits() {
-                   isImperial = !isImperial;
-                   selection.call(update);
-               }
+           _button.classed('tag-reference-loading', false);
 
-               var scalegroup = selection.append('svg')
-                   .attr('class', 'scale')
-                   .on('click', switchUnits)
-                   .append('g')
-                   .attr('transform', 'translate(10,11)');
+           _body.classed('expanded', true).transition().duration(200).style('max-height', '200px').style('opacity', '1');
 
-               scalegroup
-                   .append('path')
-                   .attr('class', 'scale-path');
+           _showing = true;
 
-               scalegroup
-                   .append('g')
-                   .attr('class', 'scale-textgroup')
-                   .append('text')
-                   .attr('class', 'scale-text');
+           _button.selectAll('svg.icon use').each(function () {
+             var iconUse = select(this);
 
-               selection.call(update);
+             if (iconUse.attr('href') === '#iD-icon-info') {
+               iconUse.attr('href', '#iD-icon-info-filled');
+             }
+           });
+         }
 
-               context.map().on('move.scale', function() {
-                   update(selection);
-               });
-           };
-       }
+         function hide() {
+           _body.transition().duration(200).style('max-height', '0px').style('opacity', '0').on('end', function () {
+             _body.classed('expanded', false);
+           });
 
-       function uiShortcuts(context) {
-           var detected = utilDetect();
-           var _activeTab = 0;
-           var _modalSelection;
-           var _selection = select(null);
+           _showing = false;
 
+           _button.selectAll('svg.icon use').each(function () {
+             var iconUse = select(this);
 
-           context.keybinding()
-               .on([_t('shortcuts.toggle.key'), '?'], function () {
-                   if (context.container().selectAll('.modal-shortcuts').size()) {  // already showing
-                       if (_modalSelection) {
-                           _modalSelection.close();
-                           _modalSelection = null;
-                       }
-                   } else {
-                       _modalSelection = uiModal(_selection);
-                       _modalSelection.call(shortcutsModal);
-                   }
-               });
+             if (iconUse.attr('href') === '#iD-icon-info-filled') {
+               iconUse.attr('href', '#iD-icon-info');
+             }
+           });
+         }
 
+         tagReference.button = function (selection, klass, iconName) {
+           _button = selection.selectAll('.tag-reference-button').data([0]);
+           _button = _button.enter().append('button').attr('class', 'tag-reference-button ' + (klass || '')).attr('title', _t('icons.information')).call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-' + (iconName || 'inspect'))).merge(_button);
 
-           function shortcutsModal(_modalSelection) {
-               _modalSelection.select('.modal')
-                   .classed('modal-shortcuts', true);
+           _button.on('click', function (d3_event) {
+             d3_event.stopPropagation();
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             this.blur(); // avoid keeping focus on the button - #4641
 
-               var content = _modalSelection.select('.content');
+             if (_showing) {
+               hide();
+             } else if (_loaded) {
+               done();
+             } else {
+               load();
+             }
+           });
+         };
 
-               content
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'modal-section')
-                   .append('h3')
-                   .text(_t('shortcuts.title'));
+         tagReference.body = function (selection) {
+           var itemID = what.qid || what.key + '-' + (what.value || '');
+           _body = selection.selectAll('.tag-reference-body').data([itemID], function (d) {
+             return d;
+           });
+
+           _body.exit().remove();
+
+           _body = _body.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'tag-reference-body').style('max-height', '0').style('opacity', '0').merge(_body);
 
-               _mainFileFetcher.get('shortcuts')
-                   .then(function(data) { content.call(render, data); })
-                   .catch(function() { /* ignore */ });
+           if (_showing === false) {
+             hide();
            }
+         };
 
+         tagReference.showing = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _showing;
+           _showing = val;
+           return tagReference;
+         };
 
-           function render(selection, dataShortcuts) {
-               var wrapper = selection
-                   .selectAll('.wrapper')
-                   .data([0]);
+         return tagReference;
+       }
 
-               var wrapperEnter = wrapper
-                   .enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'wrapper modal-section');
+       function uiSectionRawTagEditor(id, context) {
+         var section = uiSection(id, context).classes('raw-tag-editor').label(function () {
+           var count = Object.keys(_tags).filter(function (d) {
+             return d;
+           }).length;
+           return _t('inspector.title_count', {
+             title: _t.html('inspector.tags'),
+             count: count
+           });
+         }).expandedByDefault(false).disclosureContent(renderDisclosureContent);
+         var taginfo = services.taginfo;
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('change');
+         var availableViews = [{
+           id: 'list',
+           icon: '#fas-th-list'
+         }, {
+           id: 'text',
+           icon: '#fas-i-cursor'
+         }];
 
-               var tabsBar = wrapperEnter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'tabs-bar');
+         var _tagView = corePreferences('raw-tag-editor-view') || 'list'; // 'list, 'text'
 
-               var shortcutsList = wrapperEnter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'shortcuts-list');
 
-               wrapper = wrapper.merge(wrapperEnter);
+         var _readOnlyTags = []; // the keys in the order we want them to display
 
-               var tabs = tabsBar
-                   .selectAll('.tab')
-                   .data(dataShortcuts);
+         var _orderedKeys = [];
+         var _showBlank = false;
+         var _pendingChange = null;
 
-               var tabsEnter = tabs
-                   .enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'tab')
-                   .on('click', function (d, i) {
-                       _activeTab = i;
-                       render(selection, dataShortcuts);
-                   });
+         var _state;
 
-               tabsEnter
-                   .append('span')
-                   .text(function (d) { return _t(d.text); });
+         var _presets;
 
-               tabs = tabs
-                   .merge(tabsEnter);
+         var _tags;
 
-               // Update
-               wrapper.selectAll('.tab')
-                   .classed('active', function (d, i) {
-                       return i === _activeTab;
-                   });
+         var _entityIDs;
 
+         var _didInteract = false;
 
-               var shortcuts = shortcutsList
-                   .selectAll('.shortcut-tab')
-                   .data(dataShortcuts);
+         function interacted() {
+           _didInteract = true;
+         }
 
-               var shortcutsEnter = shortcuts
-                   .enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', function(d) { return 'shortcut-tab shortcut-tab-' + d.tab; });
+         function renderDisclosureContent(wrap) {
+           // remove deleted keys
+           _orderedKeys = _orderedKeys.filter(function (key) {
+             return _tags[key] !== undefined;
+           }); // When switching to a different entity or changing the state (hover/select)
+           // reorder the keys alphabetically.
+           // We trigger this by emptying the `_orderedKeys` array, then it will be rebuilt here.
+           // Otherwise leave their order alone - #5857, #5927
 
-               var columnsEnter = shortcutsEnter
-                   .selectAll('.shortcut-column')
-                   .data(function (d) { return d.columns; })
-                   .enter()
-                   .append('table')
-                   .attr('class', 'shortcut-column');
+           var all = Object.keys(_tags).sort();
+           var missingKeys = utilArrayDifference(all, _orderedKeys);
 
-               var rowsEnter = columnsEnter
-                   .selectAll('.shortcut-row')
-                   .data(function (d) { return d.rows; })
-                   .enter()
-                   .append('tr')
-                   .attr('class', 'shortcut-row');
+           for (var i in missingKeys) {
+             _orderedKeys.push(missingKeys[i]);
+           } // assemble row data
 
 
-               var sectionRows = rowsEnter
-                   .filter(function (d) { return !d.shortcuts; });
+           var rowData = _orderedKeys.map(function (key, i) {
+             return {
+               index: i,
+               key: key,
+               value: _tags[key]
+             };
+           }); // append blank row last, if necessary
 
-               sectionRows
-                   .append('td');
 
-               sectionRows
-                   .append('td')
-                   .attr('class', 'shortcut-section')
-                   .append('h3')
-                   .text(function (d) { return _t(d.text); });
+           if (!rowData.length || _showBlank) {
+             _showBlank = false;
+             rowData.push({
+               index: rowData.length,
+               key: '',
+               value: ''
+             });
+           } // View Options
+
+
+           var options = wrap.selectAll('.raw-tag-options').data([0]);
+           options.exit().remove();
+           var optionsEnter = options.enter().insert('div', ':first-child').attr('class', 'raw-tag-options');
+           var optionEnter = optionsEnter.selectAll('.raw-tag-option').data(availableViews, function (d) {
+             return d.id;
+           }).enter();
+           optionEnter.append('button').attr('class', function (d) {
+             return 'raw-tag-option raw-tag-option-' + d.id + (_tagView === d.id ? ' selected' : '');
+           }).attr('title', function (d) {
+             return _t('icons.' + d.id);
+           }).on('click', function (d3_event, d) {
+             _tagView = d.id;
+             corePreferences('raw-tag-editor-view', d.id);
+             wrap.selectAll('.raw-tag-option').classed('selected', function (datum) {
+               return datum === d;
+             });
+             wrap.selectAll('.tag-text').classed('hide', d.id !== 'text').each(setTextareaHeight);
+             wrap.selectAll('.tag-list, .add-row').classed('hide', d.id !== 'list');
+           }).each(function (d) {
+             select(this).call(svgIcon(d.icon));
+           }); // View as Text
 
+           var textData = rowsToText(rowData);
+           var textarea = wrap.selectAll('.tag-text').data([0]);
+           textarea = textarea.enter().append('textarea').attr('class', 'tag-text' + (_tagView !== 'text' ? ' hide' : '')).call(utilNoAuto).attr('placeholder', _t('inspector.key_value')).attr('spellcheck', 'false').merge(textarea);
+           textarea.call(utilGetSetValue, textData).each(setTextareaHeight).on('input', setTextareaHeight).on('focus', interacted).on('blur', textChanged).on('change', textChanged); // View as List
 
-               var shortcutRows = rowsEnter
-                   .filter(function (d) { return d.shortcuts; });
+           var list = wrap.selectAll('.tag-list').data([0]);
+           list = list.enter().append('ul').attr('class', 'tag-list' + (_tagView !== 'list' ? ' hide' : '')).merge(list); // Container for the Add button
 
-               var shortcutKeys = shortcutRows
-                   .append('td')
-                   .attr('class', 'shortcut-keys');
+           var addRowEnter = wrap.selectAll('.add-row').data([0]).enter().append('div').attr('class', 'add-row' + (_tagView !== 'list' ? ' hide' : ''));
+           addRowEnter.append('button').attr('class', 'add-tag').call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-plus', 'light')).on('click', addTag);
+           addRowEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'space-value'); // preserve space
 
-               var modifierKeys = shortcutKeys
-                   .filter(function (d) { return d.modifiers; });
+           addRowEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'space-buttons'); // preserve space
+           // Tag list items
 
-               modifierKeys
-                   .selectAll('kbd.modifier')
-                   .data(function (d) {
-                       if (detected.os === 'win' && d.text === 'shortcuts.editing.commands.redo') {
-                           return ['⌘'];
-                       } else if (detected.os !== 'mac' && d.text === 'shortcuts.browsing.display_options.fullscreen') {
-                           return [];
-                       } else {
-                           return d.modifiers;
-                       }
-                   })
-                   .enter()
-                   .each(function () {
-                       var selection = select(this);
+           var items = list.selectAll('.tag-row').data(rowData, function (d) {
+             return d.key;
+           });
+           items.exit().each(unbind).remove(); // Enter
 
-                       selection
-                           .append('kbd')
-                           .attr('class', 'modifier')
-                           .text(function (d) { return uiCmd.display(d); });
+           var itemsEnter = items.enter().append('li').attr('class', 'tag-row').classed('readonly', isReadOnly);
+           var innerWrap = itemsEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'inner-wrap');
+           innerWrap.append('div').attr('class', 'key-wrap').append('input').property('type', 'text').attr('class', 'key').call(utilNoAuto).on('focus', interacted).on('blur', keyChange).on('change', keyChange);
+           innerWrap.append('div').attr('class', 'value-wrap').append('input').property('type', 'text').attr('class', 'value').call(utilNoAuto).on('focus', interacted).on('blur', valueChange).on('change', valueChange).on('keydown.push-more', pushMore);
+           innerWrap.append('button').attr('class', 'form-field-button remove').attr('title', _t('icons.remove')).call(svgIcon('#iD-operation-delete')); // Update
 
-                       selection
-                           .append('span')
-                           .text('+');
-                   });
+           items = items.merge(itemsEnter).sort(function (a, b) {
+             return a.index - b.index;
+           });
+           items.each(function (d) {
+             var row = select(this);
+             var key = row.select('input.key'); // propagate bound data
 
+             var value = row.select('input.value'); // propagate bound data
 
-               shortcutKeys
-                   .selectAll('kbd.shortcut')
-                   .data(function (d) {
-                       var arr = d.shortcuts;
-                       if (detected.os === 'win' && d.text === 'shortcuts.editing.commands.redo') {
-                           arr = ['Y'];
-                       } else if (detected.os !== 'mac' && d.text === 'shortcuts.browsing.display_options.fullscreen') {
-                           arr = ['F11'];
-                       }
+             if (_entityIDs && taginfo && _state !== 'hover') {
+               bindTypeahead(key, value);
+             }
 
-                       // replace translations
-                       arr = arr.map(function(s) {
-                           return uiCmd.display(s.indexOf('.') !== -1 ? _t(s) : s);
-                       });
+             var referenceOptions = {
+               key: d.key
+             };
 
-                       return utilArrayUniq(arr).map(function(s) {
-                           return {
-                               shortcut: s,
-                               separator: d.separator,
-                               suffix: d.suffix
-                           };
-                       });
-                   })
-                   .enter()
-                   .each(function (d, i, nodes) {
-                       var selection = select(this);
-                       var click = d.shortcut.toLowerCase().match(/(.*).click/);
-
-                       if (click && click[1]) {   // replace "left_click", "right_click" with mouse icon
-                           selection
-                               .call(svgIcon('#iD-walkthrough-mouse-' + click[1], 'operation'));
-                       } else if (d.shortcut.toLowerCase() === 'long-press') {
-                           selection
-                               .call(svgIcon('#iD-walkthrough-longpress', 'longpress operation'));
-                       } else if (d.shortcut.toLowerCase() === 'tap') {
-                           selection
-                               .call(svgIcon('#iD-walkthrough-tap', 'tap operation'));
-                       } else {
-                           selection
-                               .append('kbd')
-                               .attr('class', 'shortcut')
-                               .text(function (d) { return d.shortcut; });
-                       }
+             if (typeof d.value === 'string') {
+               referenceOptions.value = d.value;
+             }
 
-                       if (i < nodes.length - 1) {
-                           selection
-                               .append('span')
-                               .text(d.separator || '\u00a0' + _t('shortcuts.or') + '\u00a0');
-                       } else if (i === nodes.length - 1 && d.suffix) {
-                           selection
-                               .append('span')
-                               .text(d.suffix);
-                       }
-                   });
+             var reference = uiTagReference(referenceOptions);
 
+             if (_state === 'hover') {
+               reference.showing(false);
+             }
 
-               shortcutKeys
-                   .filter(function(d) { return d.gesture; })
-                   .each(function () {
-                       var selection = select(this);
+             row.select('.inner-wrap') // propagate bound data
+             .call(reference.button);
+             row.call(reference.body);
+             row.select('button.remove'); // propagate bound data
+           });
+           items.selectAll('input.key').attr('title', function (d) {
+             return d.key;
+           }).call(utilGetSetValue, function (d) {
+             return d.key;
+           }).attr('readonly', function (d) {
+             return isReadOnly(d) || typeof d.value !== 'string' || null;
+           });
+           items.selectAll('input.value').attr('title', function (d) {
+             return Array.isArray(d.value) ? d.value.filter(Boolean).join('\n') : d.value;
+           }).classed('mixed', function (d) {
+             return Array.isArray(d.value);
+           }).attr('placeholder', function (d) {
+             return typeof d.value === 'string' ? null : _t('inspector.multiple_values');
+           }).call(utilGetSetValue, function (d) {
+             return typeof d.value === 'string' ? d.value : '';
+           }).attr('readonly', function (d) {
+             return isReadOnly(d) || null;
+           });
+           items.selectAll('button.remove').on(('PointerEvent' in window ? 'pointer' : 'mouse') + 'down', removeTag); // 'click' fires too late - #5878
+         }
 
-                       selection
-                           .append('span')
-                           .text('+');
+         function isReadOnly(d) {
+           for (var i = 0; i < _readOnlyTags.length; i++) {
+             if (d.key.match(_readOnlyTags[i]) !== null) {
+               return true;
+             }
+           }
 
-                       selection
-                           .append('span')
-                           .attr('class', 'gesture')
-                           .text(function (d) { return _t(d.gesture); });
-                   });
+           return false;
+         }
 
+         function setTextareaHeight() {
+           if (_tagView !== 'text') return;
+           var selection = select(this);
+           var matches = selection.node().value.match(/\n/g);
+           var lineCount = 2 + Number(matches && matches.length);
+           var lineHeight = 20;
+           selection.style('height', lineCount * lineHeight + 'px');
+         }
 
-               shortcutRows
-                   .append('td')
-                   .attr('class', 'shortcut-desc')
-                   .text(function (d) { return d.text ? _t(d.text) : '\u00a0'; });
+         function stringify(s) {
+           return JSON.stringify(s).slice(1, -1); // without leading/trailing "
+         }
 
+         function unstringify(s) {
+           var leading = '';
+           var trailing = '';
 
-               shortcuts = shortcuts
-                   .merge(shortcutsEnter);
+           if (s.length < 1 || s.charAt(0) !== '"') {
+             leading = '"';
+           }
 
-               // Update
-               wrapper.selectAll('.shortcut-tab')
-                   .style('display', function (d, i) {
-                       return i === _activeTab ? 'flex' : 'none';
-                   });
+           if (s.length < 2 || s.charAt(s.length - 1) !== '"' || s.charAt(s.length - 1) === '"' && s.charAt(s.length - 2) === '\\') {
+             trailing = '"';
            }
 
+           return JSON.parse(leading + s + trailing);
+         }
 
-           return function(selection, show) {
-               _selection = selection;
-               if (show) {
-                   _modalSelection = uiModal(selection);
-                   _modalSelection.call(shortcutsModal);
-               }
-           };
-       }
+         function rowsToText(rows) {
+           var str = rows.filter(function (row) {
+             return row.key && row.key.trim() !== '';
+           }).map(function (row) {
+             var rawVal = row.value;
+             if (typeof rawVal !== 'string') rawVal = '*';
+             var val = rawVal ? stringify(rawVal) : '';
+             return stringify(row.key) + '=' + val;
+           }).join('\n');
 
-       var pair_1 = pair;
+           if (_state !== 'hover' && str.length) {
+             return str + '\n';
+           }
+
+           return str;
+         }
 
+         function textChanged() {
+           var newText = this.value.trim();
+           var newTags = {};
+           newText.split('\n').forEach(function (row) {
+             var m = row.match(/^\s*([^=]+)=(.*)$/);
 
-       function search(input, dims) {
-         if (!dims) dims = 'NSEW';
-         if (typeof input !== 'string') return null;
+             if (m !== null) {
+               var k = context.cleanTagKey(unstringify(m[1].trim()));
+               var v = context.cleanTagValue(unstringify(m[2].trim()));
+               newTags[k] = v;
+             }
+           });
+           var tagDiff = utilTagDiff(_tags, newTags);
+           if (!tagDiff.length) return;
+           _pendingChange = _pendingChange || {};
+           tagDiff.forEach(function (change) {
+             if (isReadOnly({
+               key: change.key
+             })) return; // skip unchanged multiselection placeholders
 
-         input = input.toUpperCase();
-         var regex = /^[\s\,]*([NSEW])?\s*([\-|\—|\―]?[0-9.]+)[°º˚]?\s*(?:([0-9.]+)['’′‘]\s*)?(?:([0-9.]+)(?:''|"|”|″)\s*)?([NSEW])?/;
+             if (change.newVal === '*' && typeof change.oldVal !== 'string') return;
 
-         var m = input.match(regex);
-         if (!m) return null;  // no match
+             if (change.type === '-') {
+               _pendingChange[change.key] = undefined;
+             } else if (change.type === '+') {
+               _pendingChange[change.key] = change.newVal || '';
+             }
+           });
 
-         var matched = m[0];
+           if (Object.keys(_pendingChange).length === 0) {
+             _pendingChange = null;
+             return;
+           }
 
-         // extract dimension.. m[1] = leading, m[5] = trailing
-         var dim;
-         if (m[1] && m[5]) {                 // if matched both..
-           dim = m[1];                       // keep leading
-           matched = matched.slice(0, -1);   // remove trailing dimension from match
-         } else {
-           dim = m[1] || m[5];
+           scheduleChange();
          }
 
-         // if unrecognized dimension
-         if (dim && dims.indexOf(dim) === -1) return null;
+         function pushMore(d3_event) {
+           // if pressing Tab on the last value field with content, add a blank row
+           if (d3_event.keyCode === 9 && !d3_event.shiftKey && section.selection().selectAll('.tag-list li:last-child input.value').node() === this && utilGetSetValue(select(this))) {
+             addTag();
+           }
+         }
 
-         // extract DMS
-         var deg = m[2] ? parseFloat(m[2]) : 0;
-         var min = m[3] ? parseFloat(m[3]) / 60 : 0;
-         var sec = m[4] ? parseFloat(m[4]) / 3600 : 0;
-         var sign = (deg < 0) ? -1 : 1;
-         if (dim === 'S' || dim === 'W') sign *= -1;
+         function bindTypeahead(key, value) {
+           if (isReadOnly(key.datum())) return;
 
-         return {
-           val: (Math.abs(deg) + min + sec) * sign,
-           dim: dim,
-           matched: matched,
-           remain: input.slice(matched.length)
-         };
-       }
+           if (Array.isArray(value.datum().value)) {
+             value.call(uiCombobox(context, 'tag-value').minItems(1).fetcher(function (value, callback) {
+               var keyString = utilGetSetValue(key);
+               if (!_tags[keyString]) return;
+
+               var data = _tags[keyString].filter(Boolean).map(function (tagValue) {
+                 return {
+                   value: tagValue,
+                   title: tagValue
+                 };
+               });
 
+               callback(data);
+             }));
+             return;
+           }
 
-       function pair(input, dims) {
-         input = input.trim();
-         var one = search(input, dims);
-         if (!one) return null;
+           var geometry = context.graph().geometry(_entityIDs[0]);
+           key.call(uiCombobox(context, 'tag-key').fetcher(function (value, callback) {
+             taginfo.keys({
+               debounce: true,
+               geometry: geometry,
+               query: value
+             }, function (err, data) {
+               if (!err) {
+                 var filtered = data.filter(function (d) {
+                   return _tags[d.value] === undefined;
+                 });
+                 callback(sort(value, filtered));
+               }
+             });
+           }));
+           value.call(uiCombobox(context, 'tag-value').fetcher(function (value, callback) {
+             taginfo.values({
+               debounce: true,
+               key: utilGetSetValue(key),
+               geometry: geometry,
+               query: value
+             }, function (err, data) {
+               if (!err) callback(sort(value, data));
+             });
+           }));
 
-         input = one.remain.trim();
-         var two = search(input, dims);
-         if (!two || two.remain) return null;
+           function sort(value, data) {
+             var sameletter = [];
+             var other = [];
 
-         if (one.dim) {
-           return swapdim(one.val, two.val, one.dim);
-         } else {
-           return [one.val, two.val];
+             for (var i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
+               if (data[i].value.substring(0, value.length) === value) {
+                 sameletter.push(data[i]);
+               } else {
+                 other.push(data[i]);
+               }
+             }
+
+             return sameletter.concat(other);
+           }
          }
-       }
 
+         function unbind() {
+           var row = select(this);
+           row.selectAll('input.key').call(uiCombobox.off, context);
+           row.selectAll('input.value').call(uiCombobox.off, context);
+         }
 
-       function swapdim(a, b, dim) {
-         if (dim === 'N' || dim === 'S') return [a, b];
-         if (dim === 'W' || dim === 'E') return [b, a];
-       }
+         function keyChange(d3_event, d) {
+           if (select(this).attr('readonly')) return;
+           var kOld = d.key; // exit if we are currently about to delete this row anyway - #6366
 
-       function uiFeatureList(context) {
-           var _geocodeResults;
+           if (_pendingChange && _pendingChange.hasOwnProperty(kOld) && _pendingChange[kOld] === undefined) return;
+           var kNew = context.cleanTagKey(this.value.trim()); // allow no change if the key should be readonly
 
+           if (isReadOnly({
+             key: kNew
+           })) {
+             this.value = kOld;
+             return;
+           }
 
-           function featureList(selection) {
-               var header = selection
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'header fillL cf');
+           if (kNew && kNew !== kOld && _tags[kNew] !== undefined) {
+             // new key is already in use, switch focus to the existing row
+             this.value = kOld; // reset the key
 
-               header
-                   .append('h3')
-                   .text(_t('inspector.feature_list'));
+             section.selection().selectAll('.tag-list input.value').each(function (d) {
+               if (d.key === kNew) {
+                 // send focus to that other value combo instead
+                 var input = select(this).node();
+                 input.focus();
+                 input.select();
+               }
+             });
+             return;
+           }
 
-               var searchWrap = selection
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'search-header');
+           var row = this.parentNode.parentNode;
+           var inputVal = select(row).selectAll('input.value');
+           var vNew = context.cleanTagValue(utilGetSetValue(inputVal));
+           _pendingChange = _pendingChange || {};
 
-               var search = searchWrap
-                   .append('input')
-                   .attr('placeholder', _t('inspector.search'))
-                   .attr('type', 'search')
-                   .call(utilNoAuto)
-                   .on('keypress', keypress)
-                   .on('keydown', keydown)
-                   .on('input', inputevent);
+           if (kOld) {
+             _pendingChange[kOld] = undefined;
+           }
 
-               searchWrap
-                   .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-search', 'pre-text'));
+           _pendingChange[kNew] = vNew; // update the ordered key index so this row doesn't change position
 
-               var listWrap = selection
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'inspector-body');
+           var existingKeyIndex = _orderedKeys.indexOf(kOld);
 
-               var list = listWrap
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'feature-list cf');
+           if (existingKeyIndex !== -1) _orderedKeys[existingKeyIndex] = kNew;
+           d.key = kNew; // update datum to avoid exit/enter on tag update
 
-               context
-                   .on('exit.feature-list', clearSearch);
-               context.map()
-                   .on('drawn.feature-list', mapDrawn);
+           d.value = vNew;
+           this.value = kNew;
+           utilGetSetValue(inputVal, vNew);
+           scheduleChange();
+         }
 
-               context.keybinding()
-                   .on(uiCmd('⌘F'), focusSearch);
+         function valueChange(d3_event, d) {
+           if (isReadOnly(d)) return; // exit if this is a multiselection and no value was entered
 
+           if (typeof d.value !== 'string' && !this.value) return; // exit if we are currently about to delete this row anyway - #6366
 
-               function focusSearch() {
-                   var mode = context.mode() && context.mode().id;
-                   if (mode !== 'browse') return;
+           if (_pendingChange && _pendingChange.hasOwnProperty(d.key) && _pendingChange[d.key] === undefined) return;
+           _pendingChange = _pendingChange || {};
+           _pendingChange[d.key] = context.cleanTagValue(this.value);
+           scheduleChange();
+         }
 
-                   event.preventDefault();
-                   search.node().focus();
-               }
+         function removeTag(d3_event, d) {
+           if (isReadOnly(d)) return;
 
+           if (d.key === '') {
+             // removing the blank row
+             _showBlank = false;
+             section.reRender();
+           } else {
+             // remove the key from the ordered key index
+             _orderedKeys = _orderedKeys.filter(function (key) {
+               return key !== d.key;
+             });
+             _pendingChange = _pendingChange || {};
+             _pendingChange[d.key] = undefined;
+             scheduleChange();
+           }
+         }
 
-               function keydown() {
-                   if (event.keyCode === 27) {  // escape
-                       search.node().blur();
-                   }
-               }
+         function addTag() {
+           // Delay render in case this click is blurring an edited combo.
+           // Without the setTimeout, the `content` render would wipe out the pending tag change.
+           window.setTimeout(function () {
+             _showBlank = true;
+             section.reRender();
+             section.selection().selectAll('.tag-list li:last-child input.key').node().focus();
+           }, 20);
+         }
 
+         function scheduleChange() {
+           // Cache IDs in case the editor is reloaded before the change event is called. - #6028
+           var entityIDs = _entityIDs; // Delay change in case this change is blurring an edited combo. - #5878
 
-               function keypress() {
-                   var q = search.property('value'),
-                       items = list.selectAll('.feature-list-item');
-                   if (event.keyCode === 13 && q.length && items.size()) {  // return
-                       click(items.datum());
-                   }
-               }
+           window.setTimeout(function () {
+             if (!_pendingChange) return;
+             dispatch.call('change', this, entityIDs, _pendingChange);
+             _pendingChange = null;
+           }, 10);
+         }
 
+         section.state = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _state;
 
-               function inputevent() {
-                   _geocodeResults = undefined;
-                   drawList();
-               }
+           if (_state !== val) {
+             _orderedKeys = [];
+             _state = val;
+           }
 
+           return section;
+         };
 
-               function clearSearch() {
-                   search.property('value', '');
-                   drawList();
-               }
+         section.presets = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _presets;
+           _presets = val;
 
+           if (_presets && _presets.length && _presets[0].isFallback()) {
+             section.disclosureExpanded(true); // don't collapse the disclosure if the mapper used the raw tag editor - #1881
+           } else if (!_didInteract) {
+             section.disclosureExpanded(null);
+           }
 
-               function mapDrawn(e) {
-                   if (e.full) {
-                       drawList();
-                   }
-               }
+           return section;
+         };
 
+         section.tags = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _tags;
+           _tags = val;
+           return section;
+         };
 
-               function features() {
-                   var result = [];
-                   var graph = context.graph();
-                   var visibleCenter = context.map().extent().center();
-                   var q = search.property('value').toLowerCase();
+         section.entityIDs = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _entityIDs;
 
-                   if (!q) return result;
+           if (!_entityIDs || !val || !utilArrayIdentical(_entityIDs, val)) {
+             _entityIDs = val;
+             _orderedKeys = [];
+           }
 
-                   var idMatch = q.match(/(?:^|\W)(node|way|relation|[nwr])\W?0*([1-9]\d*)(?:\W|$)/i);
+           return section;
+         }; // pass an array of regular expressions to test against the tag key
 
-                   if (idMatch) {
-                       var elemType = idMatch[1].charAt(0);
-                       var elemId = idMatch[2];
-                       result.push({
-                           id: elemType + elemId,
-                           geometry: elemType === 'n' ? 'point' : elemType === 'w' ? 'line' : 'relation',
-                           type: elemType === 'n' ? _t('inspector.node') : elemType === 'w' ? _t('inspector.way') : _t('inspector.relation'),
-                           name: elemId
-                       });
-                   }
 
-                   var locationMatch = pair_1(q.toUpperCase()) || q.match(/^(-?\d+\.?\d*)\s+(-?\d+\.?\d*)$/);
+         section.readOnlyTags = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _readOnlyTags;
+           _readOnlyTags = val;
+           return section;
+         };
 
-                   if (locationMatch) {
-                       var loc = [parseFloat(locationMatch[0]), parseFloat(locationMatch[1])];
-                       result.push({
-                           id: -1,
-                           geometry: 'point',
-                           type: _t('inspector.location'),
-                           name: dmsCoordinatePair([loc[1], loc[0]]),
-                           location: loc
-                       });
-                   }
+         return utilRebind(section, dispatch, 'on');
+       }
 
-                   var allEntities = graph.entities;
-                   var localResults = [];
-                   for (var id in allEntities) {
-                       var entity = allEntities[id];
-                       if (!entity) continue;
-
-                       var name = utilDisplayName(entity) || '';
-                       if (name.toLowerCase().indexOf(q) < 0) continue;
-
-                       var matched = _mainPresetIndex.match(entity, graph);
-                       var type = (matched && matched.name()) || utilDisplayType(entity.id);
-                       var extent = entity.extent(graph);
-                       var distance = extent ? geoSphericalDistance(visibleCenter, extent.center()) : 0;
-
-                       localResults.push({
-                           id: entity.id,
-                           entity: entity,
-                           geometry: entity.geometry(graph),
-                           type: type,
-                           name: name,
-                           distance: distance
-                       });
+       function uiDataEditor(context) {
+         var dataHeader = uiDataHeader();
+         var rawTagEditor = uiSectionRawTagEditor('custom-data-tag-editor', context).expandedByDefault(true).readOnlyTags([/./]);
 
-                       if (localResults.length > 100) break;
-                   }
-                   localResults = localResults.sort(function byDistance(a, b) {
-                       return a.distance - b.distance;
-                   });
-                   result = result.concat(localResults);
+         var _datum;
 
-                   (_geocodeResults || []).forEach(function(d) {
-                       if (d.osm_type && d.osm_id) {    // some results may be missing these - #1890
+         function dataEditor(selection) {
+           var header = selection.selectAll('.header').data([0]);
+           var headerEnter = header.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'header fillL');
+           headerEnter.append('button').attr('class', 'close').on('click', function () {
+             context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+           }).call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-close'));
+           headerEnter.append('h3').html(_t.html('map_data.title'));
+           var body = selection.selectAll('.body').data([0]);
+           body = body.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'body').merge(body);
+           var editor = body.selectAll('.data-editor').data([0]); // enter/update
 
-                           // Make a temporary osmEntity so we can preset match
-                           // and better localize the search result - #4725
-                           var id = osmEntity.id.fromOSM(d.osm_type, d.osm_id);
-                           var tags = {};
-                           tags[d.class] = d.type;
+           editor.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'modal-section data-editor').merge(editor).call(dataHeader.datum(_datum));
+           var rte = body.selectAll('.raw-tag-editor').data([0]); // enter/update
 
-                           var attrs = { id: id, type: d.osm_type, tags: tags };
-                           if (d.osm_type === 'way') {   // for ways, add some fake closed nodes
-                               attrs.nodes = ['a','a'];  // so that geometry area is possible
-                           }
+           rte.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'raw-tag-editor data-editor').merge(rte).call(rawTagEditor.tags(_datum && _datum.properties || {}).state('hover').render).selectAll('textarea.tag-text').attr('readonly', true).classed('readonly', true);
+         }
 
-                           var tempEntity = osmEntity(attrs);
-                           var tempGraph = coreGraph([tempEntity]);
-                           var matched = _mainPresetIndex.match(tempEntity, tempGraph);
-                           var type = (matched && matched.name()) || utilDisplayType(id);
-
-                           result.push({
-                               id: tempEntity.id,
-                               geometry: tempEntity.geometry(tempGraph),
-                               type: type,
-                               name: d.display_name,
-                               extent: new geoExtent(
-                                   [parseFloat(d.boundingbox[3]), parseFloat(d.boundingbox[0])],
-                                   [parseFloat(d.boundingbox[2]), parseFloat(d.boundingbox[1])])
-                           });
-                       }
-                   });
+         dataEditor.datum = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _datum;
+           _datum = val;
+           return this;
+         };
 
-                   if (q.match(/^[0-9]+$/)) {
-                       // if query is just a number, possibly an OSM ID without a prefix
-                       result.push({
-                           id: 'n' + q,
-                           geometry: 'point',
-                           type: _t('inspector.node'),
-                           name: q
-                       });
-                       result.push({
-                           id: 'w' + q,
-                           geometry: 'line',
-                           type: _t('inspector.way'),
-                           name: q
-                       });
-                       result.push({
-                           id: 'r' + q,
-                           geometry: 'relation',
-                           type: _t('inspector.relation'),
-                           name: q
-                       });
-                   }
+         return dataEditor;
+       }
 
-                   return result;
-               }
+       var pair_1 = pair;
+
+       function search(input, dims) {
+         if (!dims) dims = 'NSEW';
+         if (typeof input !== 'string') return null;
+         input = input.toUpperCase();
+         var regex = /^[\s\,]*([NSEW])?\s*([\-|\—|\―]?[0-9.]+)[°º˚]?\s*(?:([0-9.]+)['’′‘]\s*)?(?:([0-9.]+)(?:''|"|”|″)\s*)?([NSEW])?/;
+         var m = input.match(regex);
+         if (!m) return null; // no match
 
+         var matched = m[0]; // extract dimension.. m[1] = leading, m[5] = trailing
 
-               function drawList() {
-                   var value = search.property('value');
-                   var results = features();
+         var dim;
 
-                   list.classed('filtered', value.length);
+         if (m[1] && m[5]) {
+           // if matched both..
+           dim = m[1]; // keep leading
 
-                   var resultsIndicator = list.selectAll('.no-results-item')
-                       .data([0])
-                       .enter()
-                       .append('button')
-                       .property('disabled', true)
-                       .attr('class', 'no-results-item')
-                       .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-alert', 'pre-text'));
-
-                   resultsIndicator.append('span')
-                       .attr('class', 'entity-name');
-
-                   list.selectAll('.no-results-item .entity-name')
-                       .text(_t('geocoder.no_results_worldwide'));
-
-                   if (services.geocoder) {
-                     list.selectAll('.geocode-item')
-                         .data([0])
-                         .enter()
-                         .append('button')
-                         .attr('class', 'geocode-item')
-                         .on('click', geocoderSearch)
-                         .append('div')
-                         .attr('class', 'label')
-                         .append('span')
-                         .attr('class', 'entity-name')
-                         .text(_t('geocoder.search'));
-                   }
+           matched = matched.slice(0, -1); // remove trailing dimension from match
+         } else {
+           dim = m[1] || m[5];
+         } // if unrecognized dimension
 
-                   list.selectAll('.no-results-item')
-                       .style('display', (value.length && !results.length) ? 'block' : 'none');
 
-                   list.selectAll('.geocode-item')
-                       .style('display', (value && _geocodeResults === undefined) ? 'block' : 'none');
+         if (dim && dims.indexOf(dim) === -1) return null; // extract DMS
 
-                   list.selectAll('.feature-list-item')
-                       .data([-1])
-                       .remove();
+         var deg = m[2] ? parseFloat(m[2]) : 0;
+         var min = m[3] ? parseFloat(m[3]) / 60 : 0;
+         var sec = m[4] ? parseFloat(m[4]) / 3600 : 0;
+         var sign = deg < 0 ? -1 : 1;
+         if (dim === 'S' || dim === 'W') sign *= -1;
+         return {
+           val: (Math.abs(deg) + min + sec) * sign,
+           dim: dim,
+           matched: matched,
+           remain: input.slice(matched.length)
+         };
+       }
 
-                   var items = list.selectAll('.feature-list-item')
-                       .data(results, function(d) { return d.id; });
+       function pair(input, dims) {
+         input = input.trim();
+         var one = search(input, dims);
+         if (!one) return null;
+         input = one.remain.trim();
+         var two = search(input, dims);
+         if (!two || two.remain) return null;
 
-                   var enter = items.enter()
-                       .insert('button', '.geocode-item')
-                       .attr('class', 'feature-list-item')
-                       .on('mouseover', mouseover)
-                       .on('mouseout', mouseout)
-                       .on('click', click);
+         if (one.dim) {
+           return swapdim(one.val, two.val, one.dim);
+         } else {
+           return [one.val, two.val];
+         }
+       }
 
-                   var label = enter
-                       .append('div')
-                       .attr('class', 'label');
+       function swapdim(a, b, dim) {
+         if (dim === 'N' || dim === 'S') return [a, b];
+         if (dim === 'W' || dim === 'E') return [b, a];
+       }
 
-                   label
-                       .each(function(d) {
-                           select(this)
-                               .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-' + d.geometry, 'pre-text'));
-                       });
+       function uiFeatureList(context) {
+         var _geocodeResults;
 
-                   label
-                       .append('span')
-                       .attr('class', 'entity-type')
-                       .text(function(d) { return d.type; });
+         function featureList(selection) {
+           var header = selection.append('div').attr('class', 'header fillL');
+           header.append('h3').html(_t.html('inspector.feature_list'));
+           var searchWrap = selection.append('div').attr('class', 'search-header');
+           searchWrap.call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-search', 'pre-text'));
+           var search = searchWrap.append('input').attr('placeholder', _t('inspector.search')).attr('type', 'search').call(utilNoAuto).on('keypress', keypress).on('keydown', keydown).on('input', inputevent);
+           var listWrap = selection.append('div').attr('class', 'inspector-body');
+           var list = listWrap.append('div').attr('class', 'feature-list');
+           context.on('exit.feature-list', clearSearch);
+           context.map().on('drawn.feature-list', mapDrawn);
+           context.keybinding().on(uiCmd('⌘F'), focusSearch);
 
-                   label
-                       .append('span')
-                       .attr('class', 'entity-name')
-                       .text(function(d) { return d.name; });
+           function focusSearch(d3_event) {
+             var mode = context.mode() && context.mode().id;
+             if (mode !== 'browse') return;
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             search.node().focus();
+           }
 
-                   enter
-                       .style('opacity', 0)
-                       .transition()
-                       .style('opacity', 1);
+           function keydown(d3_event) {
+             if (d3_event.keyCode === 27) {
+               // escape
+               search.node().blur();
+             }
+           }
 
-                   items.order();
+           function keypress(d3_event) {
+             var q = search.property('value'),
+                 items = list.selectAll('.feature-list-item');
 
-                   items.exit()
-                       .remove();
-               }
+             if (d3_event.keyCode === 13 && // ↩ Return
+             q.length && items.size()) {
+               click(d3_event, items.datum());
+             }
+           }
 
+           function inputevent() {
+             _geocodeResults = undefined;
+             drawList();
+           }
 
-               function mouseover(d) {
-                   if (d.id === -1) return;
+           function clearSearch() {
+             search.property('value', '');
+             drawList();
+           }
 
-                   utilHighlightEntities([d.id], true, context);
-               }
+           function mapDrawn(e) {
+             if (e.full) {
+               drawList();
+             }
+           }
 
+           function features() {
+             var result = [];
+             var graph = context.graph();
+             var visibleCenter = context.map().extent().center();
+             var q = search.property('value').toLowerCase();
+             if (!q) return result;
+             var locationMatch = pair_1(q.toUpperCase()) || q.match(/^(-?\d+\.?\d*)\s+(-?\d+\.?\d*)$/);
+
+             if (locationMatch) {
+               var loc = [parseFloat(locationMatch[0]), parseFloat(locationMatch[1])];
+               result.push({
+                 id: -1,
+                 geometry: 'point',
+                 type: _t('inspector.location'),
+                 name: dmsCoordinatePair([loc[1], loc[0]]),
+                 location: loc
+               });
+             } // A location search takes priority over an ID search
 
-               function mouseout(d) {
-                   if (d.id === -1) return;
 
-                   utilHighlightEntities([d.id], false, context);
-               }
+             var idMatch = !locationMatch && q.match(/(?:^|\W)(node|way|relation|[nwr])\W?0*([1-9]\d*)(?:\W|$)/i);
 
+             if (idMatch) {
+               var elemType = idMatch[1].charAt(0);
+               var elemId = idMatch[2];
+               result.push({
+                 id: elemType + elemId,
+                 geometry: elemType === 'n' ? 'point' : elemType === 'w' ? 'line' : 'relation',
+                 type: elemType === 'n' ? _t('inspector.node') : elemType === 'w' ? _t('inspector.way') : _t('inspector.relation'),
+                 name: elemId
+               });
+             }
 
-               function click(d) {
-                   event.preventDefault();
+             var allEntities = graph.entities;
+             var localResults = [];
 
-                   if (d.location) {
-                       context.map().centerZoomEase([d.location[1], d.location[0]], 19);
+             for (var id in allEntities) {
+               var entity = allEntities[id];
+               if (!entity) continue;
+               var name = utilDisplayName(entity) || '';
+               if (name.toLowerCase().indexOf(q) < 0) continue;
+               var matched = _mainPresetIndex.match(entity, graph);
+               var type = matched && matched.name() || utilDisplayType(entity.id);
+               var extent = entity.extent(graph);
+               var distance = extent ? geoSphericalDistance(visibleCenter, extent.center()) : 0;
+               localResults.push({
+                 id: entity.id,
+                 entity: entity,
+                 geometry: entity.geometry(graph),
+                 type: type,
+                 name: name,
+                 distance: distance
+               });
+               if (localResults.length > 100) break;
+             }
 
-                   } else if (d.entity) {
-                       utilHighlightEntities([d.id], false, context);
+             localResults = localResults.sort(function byDistance(a, b) {
+               return a.distance - b.distance;
+             });
+             result = result.concat(localResults);
+
+             (_geocodeResults || []).forEach(function (d) {
+               if (d.osm_type && d.osm_id) {
+                 // some results may be missing these - #1890
+                 // Make a temporary osmEntity so we can preset match
+                 // and better localize the search result - #4725
+                 var id = osmEntity.id.fromOSM(d.osm_type, d.osm_id);
+                 var tags = {};
+                 tags[d["class"]] = d.type;
+                 var attrs = {
+                   id: id,
+                   type: d.osm_type,
+                   tags: tags
+                 };
 
-                       context.enter(modeSelect(context, [d.entity.id]));
-                       context.map().zoomToEase(d.entity);
+                 if (d.osm_type === 'way') {
+                   // for ways, add some fake closed nodes
+                   attrs.nodes = ['a', 'a']; // so that geometry area is possible
+                 }
 
-                   } else {
-                       // download, zoom to, and select the entity with the given ID
-                       context.zoomToEntity(d.id);
-                   }
+                 var tempEntity = osmEntity(attrs);
+                 var tempGraph = coreGraph([tempEntity]);
+                 var matched = _mainPresetIndex.match(tempEntity, tempGraph);
+                 var type = matched && matched.name() || utilDisplayType(id);
+                 result.push({
+                   id: tempEntity.id,
+                   geometry: tempEntity.geometry(tempGraph),
+                   type: type,
+                   name: d.display_name,
+                   extent: new geoExtent([parseFloat(d.boundingbox[3]), parseFloat(d.boundingbox[0])], [parseFloat(d.boundingbox[2]), parseFloat(d.boundingbox[1])])
+                 });
                }
+             });
 
+             if (q.match(/^[0-9]+$/)) {
+               // if query is just a number, possibly an OSM ID without a prefix
+               result.push({
+                 id: 'n' + q,
+                 geometry: 'point',
+                 type: _t('inspector.node'),
+                 name: q
+               });
+               result.push({
+                 id: 'w' + q,
+                 geometry: 'line',
+                 type: _t('inspector.way'),
+                 name: q
+               });
+               result.push({
+                 id: 'r' + q,
+                 geometry: 'relation',
+                 type: _t('inspector.relation'),
+                 name: q
+               });
+             }
 
-               function geocoderSearch() {
-                   services.geocoder.search(search.property('value'), function (err, resp) {
-                       _geocodeResults = resp || [];
-                       drawList();
-                   });
-               }
+             return result;
            }
 
+           function drawList() {
+             var value = search.property('value');
+             var results = features();
+             list.classed('filtered', value.length);
+             var resultsIndicator = list.selectAll('.no-results-item').data([0]).enter().append('button').property('disabled', true).attr('class', 'no-results-item').call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-alert', 'pre-text'));
+             resultsIndicator.append('span').attr('class', 'entity-name');
+             list.selectAll('.no-results-item .entity-name').html(_t.html('geocoder.no_results_worldwide'));
 
-           return featureList;
-       }
+             if (services.geocoder) {
+               list.selectAll('.geocode-item').data([0]).enter().append('button').attr('class', 'geocode-item secondary-action').on('click', geocoderSearch).append('div').attr('class', 'label').append('span').attr('class', 'entity-name').html(_t.html('geocoder.search'));
+             }
 
-       function uiSectionEntityIssues(context) {
+             list.selectAll('.no-results-item').style('display', value.length && !results.length ? 'block' : 'none');
+             list.selectAll('.geocode-item').style('display', value && _geocodeResults === undefined ? 'block' : 'none');
+             list.selectAll('.feature-list-item').data([-1]).remove();
+             var items = list.selectAll('.feature-list-item').data(results, function (d) {
+               return d.id;
+             });
+             var enter = items.enter().insert('button', '.geocode-item').attr('class', 'feature-list-item').on('mouseover', mouseover).on('mouseout', mouseout).on('click', click);
+             var label = enter.append('div').attr('class', 'label');
+             label.each(function (d) {
+               select(this).call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-' + d.geometry, 'pre-text'));
+             });
+             label.append('span').attr('class', 'entity-type').html(function (d) {
+               return d.type;
+             });
+             label.append('span').attr('class', 'entity-name').html(function (d) {
+               return d.name;
+             });
+             enter.style('opacity', 0).transition().style('opacity', 1);
+             items.order();
+             items.exit().remove();
+           }
 
-           var _entityIDs = [];
-           var _issues = [];
-           var _activeIssueID;
+           function mouseover(d3_event, d) {
+             if (d.id === -1) return;
+             utilHighlightEntities([d.id], true, context);
+           }
 
-           var section = uiSection('entity-issues', context)
-               .shouldDisplay(function() {
-                   return _issues.length > 0;
-               })
-               .title(function() {
-                   return _t('issues.list_title', { count: _issues.length });
-               })
-               .disclosureContent(renderDisclosureContent);
+           function mouseout(d3_event, d) {
+             if (d.id === -1) return;
+             utilHighlightEntities([d.id], false, context);
+           }
 
-           context.validator()
-               .on('validated.entity_issues', function() {
-                   // Refresh on validated events
-                   reloadIssues();
-                   section.reRender();
-               })
-               .on('focusedIssue.entity_issues', function(issue) {
-                    makeActiveIssue(issue.id);
-               });
+           function click(d3_event, d) {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
 
-           function reloadIssues() {
-               _issues = context.validator().getSharedEntityIssues(_entityIDs, { includeDisabledRules: true });
+             if (d.location) {
+               context.map().centerZoomEase([d.location[1], d.location[0]], 19);
+             } else if (d.entity) {
+               utilHighlightEntities([d.id], false, context);
+               context.enter(modeSelect(context, [d.entity.id]));
+               context.map().zoomToEase(d.entity);
+             } else {
+               // download, zoom to, and select the entity with the given ID
+               context.zoomToEntity(d.id);
+             }
            }
 
-           function makeActiveIssue(issueID) {
-               _activeIssueID = issueID;
-               section.selection().selectAll('.issue-container')
-                   .classed('active', function(d) { return d.id === _activeIssueID; });
+           function geocoderSearch() {
+             services.geocoder.search(search.property('value'), function (err, resp) {
+               _geocodeResults = resp || [];
+               drawList();
+             });
            }
+         }
 
-           function renderDisclosureContent(selection) {
+         return featureList;
+       }
 
-               selection.classed('grouped-items-area', true);
+       var getOwnPropertyDescriptor$1 = objectGetOwnPropertyDescriptor.f;
 
-               _activeIssueID = _issues.length > 0 ? _issues[0].id : null;
 
-               var containers = selection.selectAll('.issue-container')
-                   .data(_issues, function(d) { return d.id; });
 
-               // Exit
-               containers.exit()
-                   .remove();
 
-               // Enter
-               var containersEnter = containers.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'issue-container');
 
 
-               var itemsEnter = containersEnter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', function(d) { return 'issue severity-' + d.severity; })
-                   .on('mouseover.highlight', function(d) {
-                       // don't hover-highlight the selected entity
-                       var ids = d.entityIds
-                           .filter(function(e) { return _entityIDs.indexOf(e) === -1; });
-
-                       utilHighlightEntities(ids, true, context);
-                   })
-                   .on('mouseout.highlight', function(d) {
-                       var ids = d.entityIds
-                           .filter(function(e) { return _entityIDs.indexOf(e) === -1; });
-
-                       utilHighlightEntities(ids, false, context);
-                   });
+       // eslint-disable-next-line es/no-string-prototype-startswith -- safe
+       var $startsWith = ''.startsWith;
+       var min$1 = Math.min;
 
-               var labelsEnter = itemsEnter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'issue-label')
-                   .on('click', function(d) {
+       var CORRECT_IS_REGEXP_LOGIC$1 = correctIsRegexpLogic('startsWith');
+       // https://github.com/zloirock/core-js/pull/702
+       var MDN_POLYFILL_BUG$1 = !CORRECT_IS_REGEXP_LOGIC$1 && !!function () {
+         var descriptor = getOwnPropertyDescriptor$1(String.prototype, 'startsWith');
+         return descriptor && !descriptor.writable;
+       }();
 
-                       makeActiveIssue(d.id); // expand only the clicked item
+       // `String.prototype.startsWith` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-string.prototype.startswith
+       _export({ target: 'String', proto: true, forced: !MDN_POLYFILL_BUG$1 && !CORRECT_IS_REGEXP_LOGIC$1 }, {
+         startsWith: function startsWith(searchString /* , position = 0 */) {
+           var that = String(requireObjectCoercible(this));
+           notARegexp(searchString);
+           var index = toLength(min$1(arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined, that.length));
+           var search = String(searchString);
+           return $startsWith
+             ? $startsWith.call(that, search, index)
+             : that.slice(index, index + search.length) === search;
+         }
+       });
 
-                       var extent = d.extent(context.graph());
-                       if (extent) {
-                           var setZoom = Math.max(context.map().zoom(), 19);
-                           context.map().unobscuredCenterZoomEase(extent.center(), setZoom);
-                       }
-                   });
+       function uiSectionEntityIssues(context) {
+         // Does the user prefer to expand the active issue?  Useful for viewing tag diff.
+         // Expand by default so first timers see it - #6408, #8143
+         var preference = corePreferences('entity-issues.reference.expanded');
 
-               var textEnter = labelsEnter
-                   .append('span')
-                   .attr('class', 'issue-text');
-
-               textEnter
-                   .append('span')
-                   .attr('class', 'issue-icon')
-                   .each(function(d) {
-                       var iconName = '#iD-icon-' + (d.severity === 'warning' ? 'alert' : 'error');
-                       select(this)
-                           .call(svgIcon(iconName));
-                   });
+         var _expanded = preference === null ? true : preference === 'true';
 
-               textEnter
-                   .append('span')
-                   .attr('class', 'issue-message');
-
-
-               var infoButton = labelsEnter
-                   .append('button')
-                   .attr('class', 'issue-info-button')
-                   .attr('title', _t('icons.information'))
-                   .attr('tabindex', -1)
-                   .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-inspect'));
-
-               infoButton
-                   .on('click', function () {
-                       event.stopPropagation();
-                       event.preventDefault();
-                       this.blur();    // avoid keeping focus on the button - #4641
-
-                       var container = select(this.parentNode.parentNode.parentNode);
-                       var info = container.selectAll('.issue-info');
-                       var isExpanded = info.classed('expanded');
-
-                       if (isExpanded) {
-                           info
-                               .transition()
-                               .duration(200)
-                               .style('max-height', '0px')
-                               .style('opacity', '0')
-                               .on('end', function () {
-                                   info.classed('expanded', false);
-                               });
-                       } else {
-                           info
-                               .classed('expanded', true)
-                               .transition()
-                               .duration(200)
-                               .style('max-height', '200px')
-                               .style('opacity', '1')
-                               .on('end', function () {
-                                   info.style('max-height', null);
-                               });
-                       }
-                   });
+         var _entityIDs = [];
+         var _issues = [];
 
-               itemsEnter
-                   .append('ul')
-                   .attr('class', 'issue-fix-list');
+         var _activeIssueID;
 
-               containersEnter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'issue-info')
-                   .style('max-height', '0')
-                   .style('opacity', '0')
-                   .each(function(d) {
-                       if (typeof d.reference === 'function') {
-                           select(this)
-                               .call(d.reference);
-                       } else {
-                           select(this)
-                               .text(_t('inspector.no_documentation_key'));
-                       }
-                   });
+         var section = uiSection('entity-issues', context).shouldDisplay(function () {
+           return _issues.length > 0;
+         }).label(function () {
+           return _t('inspector.title_count', {
+             title: _t.html('issues.list_title'),
+             count: _issues.length
+           });
+         }).disclosureContent(renderDisclosureContent);
+         context.validator().on('validated.entity_issues', function () {
+           // Refresh on validated events
+           reloadIssues();
+           section.reRender();
+         }).on('focusedIssue.entity_issues', function (issue) {
+           makeActiveIssue(issue.id);
+         });
 
+         function reloadIssues() {
+           _issues = context.validator().getSharedEntityIssues(_entityIDs, {
+             includeDisabledRules: true
+           });
+         }
 
-               // Update
-               containers = containers
-                   .merge(containersEnter)
-                   .classed('active', function(d) { return d.id === _activeIssueID; });
+         function makeActiveIssue(issueID) {
+           _activeIssueID = issueID;
+           section.selection().selectAll('.issue-container').classed('active', function (d) {
+             return d.id === _activeIssueID;
+           });
+         }
 
-               containers.selectAll('.issue-message')
-                   .text(function(d) {
-                       return d.message(context);
-                   });
+         function renderDisclosureContent(selection) {
+           selection.classed('grouped-items-area', true);
+           _activeIssueID = _issues.length > 0 ? _issues[0].id : null;
+           var containers = selection.selectAll('.issue-container').data(_issues, function (d) {
+             return d.id;
+           }); // Exit
 
-               // fixes
-               var fixLists = containers.selectAll('.issue-fix-list');
+           containers.exit().remove(); // Enter
 
-               var fixes = fixLists.selectAll('.issue-fix-item')
-                   .data(function(d) { return d.fixes ? d.fixes(context) : []; }, function(fix) { return fix.id; });
+           var containersEnter = containers.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'issue-container');
+           var itemsEnter = containersEnter.append('div').attr('class', function (d) {
+             return 'issue severity-' + d.severity;
+           }).on('mouseover.highlight', function (d3_event, d) {
+             // don't hover-highlight the selected entity
+             var ids = d.entityIds.filter(function (e) {
+               return _entityIDs.indexOf(e) === -1;
+             });
+             utilHighlightEntities(ids, true, context);
+           }).on('mouseout.highlight', function (d3_event, d) {
+             var ids = d.entityIds.filter(function (e) {
+               return _entityIDs.indexOf(e) === -1;
+             });
+             utilHighlightEntities(ids, false, context);
+           });
+           var labelsEnter = itemsEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'issue-label');
+           var textEnter = labelsEnter.append('button').attr('class', 'issue-text').on('click', function (d3_event, d) {
+             makeActiveIssue(d.id); // expand only the clicked item
 
-               fixes.exit()
-                   .remove();
+             var extent = d.extent(context.graph());
 
-               var fixesEnter = fixes.enter()
-                   .append('li')
-                   .attr('class', 'issue-fix-item')
-                   .on('click', function(d) {
-                       // not all fixes are actionable
-                       if (!select(this).classed('actionable') || !d.onClick) return;
+             if (extent) {
+               var setZoom = Math.max(context.map().zoom(), 19);
+               context.map().unobscuredCenterZoomEase(extent.center(), setZoom);
+             }
+           });
+           textEnter.each(function (d) {
+             var iconName = '#iD-icon-' + (d.severity === 'warning' ? 'alert' : 'error');
+             select(this).call(svgIcon(iconName, 'issue-icon'));
+           });
+           textEnter.append('span').attr('class', 'issue-message');
+           var infoButton = labelsEnter.append('button').attr('class', 'issue-info-button').attr('title', _t('icons.information')).call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-inspect'));
+           infoButton.on('click', function (d3_event) {
+             d3_event.stopPropagation();
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             this.blur(); // avoid keeping focus on the button - #4641
+
+             var container = select(this.parentNode.parentNode.parentNode);
+             var info = container.selectAll('.issue-info');
+             var isExpanded = info.classed('expanded');
+             _expanded = !isExpanded;
+             corePreferences('entity-issues.reference.expanded', _expanded); // update preference
+
+             if (isExpanded) {
+               info.transition().duration(200).style('max-height', '0px').style('opacity', '0').on('end', function () {
+                 info.classed('expanded', false);
+               });
+             } else {
+               info.classed('expanded', true).transition().duration(200).style('max-height', '200px').style('opacity', '1').on('end', function () {
+                 info.style('max-height', null);
+               });
+             }
+           });
+           itemsEnter.append('ul').attr('class', 'issue-fix-list');
+           containersEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'issue-info' + (_expanded ? ' expanded' : '')).style('max-height', _expanded ? null : '0').style('opacity', _expanded ? '1' : '0').each(function (d) {
+             if (typeof d.reference === 'function') {
+               select(this).call(d.reference);
+             } else {
+               select(this).html(_t.html('inspector.no_documentation_key'));
+             }
+           }); // Update
 
-                       // Don't run another fix for this issue within a second of running one
-                       // (Necessary for "Select a feature type" fix. Most fixes should only ever run once)
-                       if (d.issue.dateLastRanFix && new Date() - d.issue.dateLastRanFix < 1000) return;
-                       d.issue.dateLastRanFix = new Date();
+           containers = containers.merge(containersEnter).classed('active', function (d) {
+             return d.id === _activeIssueID;
+           });
+           containers.selectAll('.issue-message').html(function (d) {
+             return d.message(context);
+           }); // fixes
+
+           var fixLists = containers.selectAll('.issue-fix-list');
+           var fixes = fixLists.selectAll('.issue-fix-item').data(function (d) {
+             return d.fixes ? d.fixes(context) : [];
+           }, function (fix) {
+             return fix.id;
+           });
+           fixes.exit().remove();
+           var fixesEnter = fixes.enter().append('li').attr('class', 'issue-fix-item');
+           var buttons = fixesEnter.append('button').on('click', function (d3_event, d) {
+             // not all fixes are actionable
+             if (select(this).attr('disabled') || !d.onClick) return; // Don't run another fix for this issue within a second of running one
+             // (Necessary for "Select a feature type" fix. Most fixes should only ever run once)
+
+             if (d.issue.dateLastRanFix && new Date() - d.issue.dateLastRanFix < 1000) return;
+             d.issue.dateLastRanFix = new Date(); // remove hover-highlighting
+
+             utilHighlightEntities(d.issue.entityIds.concat(d.entityIds), false, context);
+             new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
+               d.onClick(context, resolve, reject);
+
+               if (d.onClick.length <= 1) {
+                 // if the fix doesn't take any completion parameters then consider it resolved
+                 resolve();
+               }
+             }).then(function () {
+               // revalidate whenever the fix has finished running successfully
+               context.validator().validate();
+             });
+           }).on('mouseover.highlight', function (d3_event, d) {
+             utilHighlightEntities(d.entityIds, true, context);
+           }).on('mouseout.highlight', function (d3_event, d) {
+             utilHighlightEntities(d.entityIds, false, context);
+           });
+           buttons.each(function (d) {
+             var iconName = d.icon || 'iD-icon-wrench';
 
-                       // remove hover-highlighting
-                       utilHighlightEntities(d.issue.entityIds.concat(d.entityIds), false, context);
+             if (iconName.startsWith('maki')) {
+               iconName += '-15';
+             }
 
-                       new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
-                           d.onClick(context, resolve, reject);
-                           if (d.onClick.length <= 1) {
-                               // if the fix doesn't take any completion parameters then consider it resolved
-                               resolve();
-                           }
-                       })
-                       .then(function() {
-                           // revalidate whenever the fix has finished running successfully
-                           context.validator().validate();
-                       });
-                   })
-                   .on('mouseover.highlight', function(d) {
-                       utilHighlightEntities(d.entityIds, true, context);
-                   })
-                   .on('mouseout.highlight', function(d) {
-                       utilHighlightEntities(d.entityIds, false, context);
-                   });
+             select(this).call(svgIcon('#' + iconName, 'fix-icon'));
+           });
+           buttons.append('span').attr('class', 'fix-message').html(function (d) {
+             return d.title;
+           });
+           fixesEnter.merge(fixes).selectAll('button').classed('actionable', function (d) {
+             return d.onClick;
+           }).attr('disabled', function (d) {
+             return d.onClick ? null : 'true';
+           }).attr('title', function (d) {
+             if (d.disabledReason) {
+               return d.disabledReason;
+             }
 
-               fixesEnter
-                   .append('span')
-                   .attr('class', 'fix-icon')
-                   .each(function(d) {
-                       var iconName = d.icon || 'iD-icon-wrench';
-                       if (iconName.startsWith('maki')) {
-                           iconName += '-15';
-                       }
-                       select(this).call(svgIcon('#' + iconName));
-                   });
+             return null;
+           });
+         }
 
-               fixesEnter
-                   .append('span')
-                   .attr('class', 'fix-message')
-                   .text(function(d) { return d.title; });
-
-               fixesEnter.merge(fixes)
-                   .classed('actionable', function(d) {
-                       return d.onClick;
-                   })
-                   .attr('title', function(d) {
-                       if (d.disabledReason) {
-                           return d.disabledReason;
-                       }
-                       return null;
-                   });
-           }
+         section.entityIDs = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _entityIDs;
 
-           section.entityIDs = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _entityIDs;
-               if (!_entityIDs || !val || !utilArrayIdentical(_entityIDs, val)) {
-                   _entityIDs = val;
-                   _activeIssueID = null;
-                   reloadIssues();
-               }
-               return section;
-           };
+           if (!_entityIDs || !val || !utilArrayIdentical(_entityIDs, val)) {
+             _entityIDs = val;
+             _activeIssueID = null;
+             reloadIssues();
+           }
 
            return section;
+         };
+
+         return section;
        }
 
        function uiPresetIcon() {
-         let _preset;
-         let _geometry;
-         let _sizeClass = 'medium';
+         var _preset;
 
+         var _geometry;
+
+         var _sizeClass = 'medium';
 
          function isSmall() {
            return _sizeClass === 'small';
          }
 
-
          function presetIcon(selection) {
            selection.each(render);
          }
 
-
          function getIcon(p, geom) {
-           if (isSmall() && p.isFallback && p.isFallback())
-             return 'iD-icon-' + p.id;
-           else if (p.icon)
-             return p.icon;
-           else if (geom === 'line')
-             return 'iD-other-line';
-           else if (geom === 'vertex')
-             return p.isFallback() ? '' : 'temaki-vertex';
-           else if (isSmall() && geom === 'point')
-             return '';
-           else
-             return 'maki-marker-stroked';
+           if (isSmall() && p.isFallback && p.isFallback()) return 'iD-icon-' + p.id;
+           if (p.icon) return p.icon;
+           if (geom === 'line') return 'iD-other-line';
+           if (geom === 'vertex') return p.isFallback() ? '' : 'temaki-vertex';
+           if (isSmall() && geom === 'point') return '';
+           return 'maki-marker-stroked';
+         }
+
+         function renderPointBorder(container, drawPoint) {
+           var pointBorder = container.selectAll('.preset-icon-point-border').data(drawPoint ? [0] : []);
+           pointBorder.exit().remove();
+           var pointBorderEnter = pointBorder.enter();
+           var w = 40;
+           var h = 40;
+           pointBorderEnter.append('svg').attr('class', 'preset-icon-fill preset-icon-point-border').attr('width', w).attr('height', h).attr('viewBox', "0 0 ".concat(w, " ").concat(h)).append('path').attr('transform', 'translate(11.5, 8)').attr('d', 'M 17,8 C 17,13 11,21 8.5,23.5 C 6,21 0,13 0,8 C 0,4 4,-0.5 8.5,-0.5 C 13,-0.5 17,4 17,8 z');
+           pointBorder = pointBorderEnter.merge(pointBorder);
          }
 
+         function renderCategoryBorder(container, category) {
+           var categoryBorder = container.selectAll('.preset-icon-category-border').data(category ? [0] : []);
+           categoryBorder.exit().remove();
+           var categoryBorderEnter = categoryBorder.enter();
+           var d = 60;
+           var svgEnter = categoryBorderEnter.append('svg').attr('class', 'preset-icon-fill preset-icon-category-border').attr('width', d).attr('height', d).attr('viewBox', "0 0 ".concat(d, " ").concat(d));
+           ['fill', 'stroke'].forEach(function (klass) {
+             svgEnter.append('path').attr('class', "area ".concat(klass)).attr('d', 'M9.5,7.5 L25.5,7.5 L28.5,12.5 L49.5,12.5 C51.709139,12.5 53.5,14.290861 53.5,16.5 L53.5,43.5 C53.5,45.709139 51.709139,47.5 49.5,47.5 L10.5,47.5 C8.290861,47.5 6.5,45.709139 6.5,43.5 L6.5,12.5 L9.5,7.5 Z');
+           });
+           categoryBorder = categoryBorderEnter.merge(categoryBorder);
 
-         function renderPointBorder(enter) {
-           const w = 40;
-           const h = 40;
+           if (category) {
+             var tagClasses = svgTagClasses().getClassesString(category.members.collection[0].addTags, '');
+             categoryBorder.selectAll('path.stroke').attr('class', "area stroke ".concat(tagClasses));
+             categoryBorder.selectAll('path.fill').attr('class', "area fill ".concat(tagClasses));
+           }
+         }
 
-           enter
-             .append('svg')
-             .attr('class', 'preset-icon-fill preset-icon-point-border')
-             .attr('width', w)
-             .attr('height', h)
-             .attr('viewBox', `0 0 ${w} ${h}`)
-             .append('path')
-             .attr('transform', 'translate(11.5, 8)')
-             .attr('d', 'M 17,8 C 17,13 11,21 8.5,23.5 C 6,21 0,13 0,8 C 0,4 4,-0.5 8.5,-0.5 C 13,-0.5 17,4 17,8 z');
+         function renderCircleFill(container, drawVertex) {
+           var vertexFill = container.selectAll('.preset-icon-fill-vertex').data(drawVertex ? [0] : []);
+           vertexFill.exit().remove();
+           var vertexFillEnter = vertexFill.enter();
+           var w = 60;
+           var h = 60;
+           var d = 40;
+           vertexFillEnter.append('svg').attr('class', 'preset-icon-fill preset-icon-fill-vertex').attr('width', w).attr('height', h).attr('viewBox', "0 0 ".concat(w, " ").concat(h)).append('circle').attr('cx', w / 2).attr('cy', h / 2).attr('r', d / 2);
+           vertexFill = vertexFillEnter.merge(vertexFill);
          }
 
+         function renderSquareFill(container, drawArea, tagClasses) {
+           var fill = container.selectAll('.preset-icon-fill-area').data(drawArea ? [0] : []);
+           fill.exit().remove();
+           var fillEnter = fill.enter();
+           var d = isSmall() ? 40 : 60;
+           var w = d;
+           var h = d;
+           var l = d * 2 / 3;
+           var c1 = (w - l) / 2;
+           var c2 = c1 + l;
+           fillEnter = fillEnter.append('svg').attr('class', 'preset-icon-fill preset-icon-fill-area').attr('width', w).attr('height', h).attr('viewBox', "0 0 ".concat(w, " ").concat(h));
+           ['fill', 'stroke'].forEach(function (klass) {
+             fillEnter.append('path').attr('d', "M".concat(c1, " ").concat(c1, " L").concat(c1, " ").concat(c2, " L").concat(c2, " ").concat(c2, " L").concat(c2, " ").concat(c1, " Z")).attr('class', "area ".concat(klass));
+           });
+           var rVertex = 2.5;
+           [[c1, c1], [c1, c2], [c2, c2], [c2, c1]].forEach(function (point) {
+             fillEnter.append('circle').attr('class', 'vertex').attr('cx', point[0]).attr('cy', point[1]).attr('r', rVertex);
+           });
 
-         function renderCircleFill(fillEnter) {
-           const w = 60;
-           const h = 60;
-           const d = 40;
+           if (!isSmall()) {
+             var rMidpoint = 1.25;
+             [[c1, w / 2], [c2, w / 2], [h / 2, c1], [h / 2, c2]].forEach(function (point) {
+               fillEnter.append('circle').attr('class', 'midpoint').attr('cx', point[0]).attr('cy', point[1]).attr('r', rMidpoint);
+             });
+           }
 
-           fillEnter
-             .append('svg')
-             .attr('class', 'preset-icon-fill preset-icon-fill-vertex')
-             .attr('width', w)
-             .attr('height', h)
-             .attr('viewBox', `0 0 ${w} ${h}`)
-             .append('circle')
-             .attr('cx', w / 2)
-             .attr('cy', h / 2)
-             .attr('r', d / 2);
-         }
+           fill = fillEnter.merge(fill);
+           fill.selectAll('path.stroke').attr('class', "area stroke ".concat(tagClasses));
+           fill.selectAll('path.fill').attr('class', "area fill ".concat(tagClasses));
+         }
+
+         function renderLine(container, drawLine, tagClasses) {
+           var line = container.selectAll('.preset-icon-line').data(drawLine ? [0] : []);
+           line.exit().remove();
+           var lineEnter = line.enter();
+           var d = isSmall() ? 40 : 60; // draw the line parametrically
+
+           var w = d;
+           var h = d;
+           var y = Math.round(d * 0.72);
+           var l = Math.round(d * 0.6);
+           var r = 2.5;
+           var x1 = (w - l) / 2;
+           var x2 = x1 + l;
+           lineEnter = lineEnter.append('svg').attr('class', 'preset-icon-line').attr('width', w).attr('height', h).attr('viewBox', "0 0 ".concat(w, " ").concat(h));
+           ['casing', 'stroke'].forEach(function (klass) {
+             lineEnter.append('path').attr('d', "M".concat(x1, " ").concat(y, " L").concat(x2, " ").concat(y)).attr('class', "line ".concat(klass));
+           });
+           [[x1 - 1, y], [x2 + 1, y]].forEach(function (point) {
+             lineEnter.append('circle').attr('class', 'vertex').attr('cx', point[0]).attr('cy', point[1]).attr('r', r);
+           });
+           line = lineEnter.merge(line);
+           line.selectAll('path.stroke').attr('class', "line stroke ".concat(tagClasses));
+           line.selectAll('path.casing').attr('class', "line casing ".concat(tagClasses));
+         }
+
+         function renderRoute(container, drawRoute, p) {
+           var route = container.selectAll('.preset-icon-route').data(drawRoute ? [0] : []);
+           route.exit().remove();
+           var routeEnter = route.enter();
+           var d = isSmall() ? 40 : 60; // draw the route parametrically
+
+           var w = d;
+           var h = d;
+           var y1 = Math.round(d * 0.80);
+           var y2 = Math.round(d * 0.68);
+           var l = Math.round(d * 0.6);
+           var r = 2;
+           var x1 = (w - l) / 2;
+           var x2 = x1 + l / 3;
+           var x3 = x2 + l / 3;
+           var x4 = x3 + l / 3;
+           routeEnter = routeEnter.append('svg').attr('class', 'preset-icon-route').attr('width', w).attr('height', h).attr('viewBox', "0 0 ".concat(w, " ").concat(h));
+           ['casing', 'stroke'].forEach(function (klass) {
+             routeEnter.append('path').attr('d', "M".concat(x1, " ").concat(y1, " L").concat(x2, " ").concat(y2)).attr('class', "segment0 line ".concat(klass));
+             routeEnter.append('path').attr('d', "M".concat(x2, " ").concat(y2, " L").concat(x3, " ").concat(y1)).attr('class', "segment1 line ".concat(klass));
+             routeEnter.append('path').attr('d', "M".concat(x3, " ").concat(y1, " L").concat(x4, " ").concat(y2)).attr('class', "segment2 line ".concat(klass));
+           });
+           [[x1, y1], [x2, y2], [x3, y1], [x4, y2]].forEach(function (point) {
+             routeEnter.append('circle').attr('class', 'vertex').attr('cx', point[0]).attr('cy', point[1]).attr('r', r);
+           });
+           route = routeEnter.merge(route);
 
+           if (drawRoute) {
+             var routeType = p.tags.type === 'waterway' ? 'waterway' : p.tags.route;
+             var segmentPresetIDs = routeSegments[routeType];
 
-         function renderSquareFill(fillEnter) {
-           const d = isSmall() ? 40 : 60;
-           const w = d;
-           const h = d;
-           const l = d * 2/3;
-           const c1 = (w-l) / 2;
-           const c2 = c1 + l;
+             for (var i in segmentPresetIDs) {
+               var segmentPreset = _mainPresetIndex.item(segmentPresetIDs[i]);
+               var segmentTagClasses = svgTagClasses().getClassesString(segmentPreset.tags, '');
+               route.selectAll("path.stroke.segment".concat(i)).attr('class', "segment".concat(i, " line stroke ").concat(segmentTagClasses));
+               route.selectAll("path.casing.segment".concat(i)).attr('class', "segment".concat(i, " line casing ").concat(segmentTagClasses));
+             }
+           }
+         }
 
-           fillEnter = fillEnter
-             .append('svg')
-             .attr('class', 'preset-icon-fill preset-icon-fill-area')
-             .attr('width', w)
-             .attr('height', h)
-             .attr('viewBox', `0 0 ${w} ${h}`);
+         function renderSvgIcon(container, picon, geom, isFramed, category, tagClasses) {
+           var isMaki = picon && /^maki-/.test(picon);
+           var isTemaki = picon && /^temaki-/.test(picon);
+           var isFa = picon && /^fa[srb]-/.test(picon);
+           var isiDIcon = picon && !(isMaki || isTemaki || isFa);
+           var icon = container.selectAll('.preset-icon').data(picon ? [0] : []);
+           icon.exit().remove();
+           icon = icon.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'preset-icon').call(svgIcon('')).merge(icon);
+           icon.attr('class', 'preset-icon ' + (geom ? geom + '-geom' : '')).classed('category', category).classed('framed', isFramed).classed('preset-icon-iD', isiDIcon);
+           icon.selectAll('svg').attr('class', 'icon ' + picon + ' ' + (!isiDIcon && geom !== 'line' ? '' : tagClasses));
+           var suffix = '';
 
-           ['fill', 'stroke'].forEach(klass => {
-             fillEnter
-               .append('path')
-               .attr('d', `M${c1} ${c1} L${c1} ${c2} L${c2} ${c2} L${c2} ${c1} Z`)
-               .attr('class', `line area ${klass}`);
-           });
+           if (isMaki) {
+             suffix = isSmall() && geom === 'point' ? '-11' : '-15';
+           }
 
-           const rVertex = 2.5;
-           [[c1, c1], [c1, c2], [c2, c2], [c2, c1]].forEach(point => {
-             fillEnter
-               .append('circle')
-               .attr('class', 'vertex')
-               .attr('cx', point[0])
-               .attr('cy', point[1])
-               .attr('r', rVertex);
-           });
+           icon.selectAll('use').attr('href', '#' + picon + suffix);
+         }
 
-           if (!isSmall()) {
-             const rMidpoint = 1.25;
-             [[c1, w/2], [c2, w/2], [h/2, c1], [h/2, c2]].forEach(point => {
-               fillEnter
-                 .append('circle')
-                 .attr('class', 'midpoint')
-                 .attr('cx', point[0])
-                 .attr('cy', point[1])
-                 .attr('r', rMidpoint);
-             });
-           }
-         }
-
-
-         function renderLine(lineEnter) {
-           const d = isSmall() ? 40 : 60;
-           // draw the line parametrically
-           const w = d;
-           const h = d;
-           const y = Math.round(d * 0.72);
-           const l = Math.round(d * 0.6);
-           const r = 2.5;
-           const x1 = (w - l) / 2;
-           const x2 = x1 + l;
-
-           lineEnter = lineEnter
-             .append('svg')
-             .attr('class', 'preset-icon-line')
-             .attr('width', w)
-             .attr('height', h)
-             .attr('viewBox', `0 0 ${w} ${h}`);
-
-           ['casing', 'stroke'].forEach(klass => {
-             lineEnter
-               .append('path')
-               .attr('d', `M${x1} ${y} L${x2} ${y}`)
-               .attr('class', `line ${klass}`);
-           });
-
-           [[x1-1, y], [x2+1, y]].forEach(point => {
-             lineEnter
-               .append('circle')
-               .attr('class', 'vertex')
-               .attr('cx', point[0])
-               .attr('cy', point[1])
-               .attr('r', r);
-           });
-         }
-
-
-         function renderRoute(routeEnter) {
-           const d = isSmall() ? 40 : 60;
-           // draw the route parametrically
-           const w = d;
-           const h = d;
-           const y1 = Math.round(d * 0.80);
-           const y2 = Math.round(d * 0.68);
-           const l = Math.round(d * 0.6);
-           const r = 2;
-           const x1 = (w - l) / 2;
-           const x2 = x1 + l / 3;
-           const x3 = x2 + l / 3;
-           const x4 = x3 + l / 3;
-
-           routeEnter = routeEnter
-             .append('svg')
-             .attr('class', 'preset-icon-route')
-             .attr('width', w)
-             .attr('height', h)
-             .attr('viewBox', `0 0 ${w} ${h}`);
-
-           ['casing', 'stroke'].forEach(klass => {
-             routeEnter
-               .append('path')
-               .attr('d', `M${x1} ${y1} L${x2} ${y2}`)
-               .attr('class', `segment0 line ${klass}`);
-             routeEnter
-               .append('path')
-               .attr('d', `M${x2} ${y2} L${x3} ${y1}`)
-               .attr('class', `segment1 line ${klass}`);
-             routeEnter
-               .append('path')
-               .attr('d', `M${x3} ${y1} L${x4} ${y2}`)
-               .attr('class', `segment2 line ${klass}`);
-           });
-
-           [[x1, y1], [x2, y2], [x3, y1], [x4, y2]].forEach(point => {
-             routeEnter
-               .append('circle')
-               .attr('class', 'vertex')
-               .attr('cx', point[0])
-               .attr('cy', point[1])
-               .attr('r', r);
-           });
-         }
-
-
-         // Route icons are drawn with a zigzag annotation underneath:
+         function renderImageIcon(container, imageURL) {
+           var imageIcon = container.selectAll('img.image-icon').data(imageURL ? [0] : []);
+           imageIcon.exit().remove();
+           imageIcon = imageIcon.enter().append('img').attr('class', 'image-icon').on('load', function () {
+             return container.classed('showing-img', true);
+           }).on('error', function () {
+             return container.classed('showing-img', false);
+           }).merge(imageIcon);
+           imageIcon.attr('src', imageURL);
+         } // Route icons are drawn with a zigzag annotation underneath:
          //     o   o
          //    / \ /
          //   o   o
          // This dataset defines the styles that are used to draw the zigzag segments.
-         const routeSegments = {
+
+
+         var routeSegments = {
            bicycle: ['highway/cycleway', 'highway/cycleway', 'highway/cycleway'],
            bus: ['highway/unclassified', 'highway/secondary', 'highway/primary'],
            trolleybus: ['highway/unclassified', 'highway/secondary', 'highway/primary'],
            horse: ['highway/bridleway', 'highway/bridleway', 'highway/bridleway'],
            light_rail: ['railway/light_rail', 'railway/light_rail', 'railway/light_rail'],
            monorail: ['railway/monorail', 'railway/monorail', 'railway/monorail'],
+           mtb: ['highway/path', 'highway/track', 'highway/bridleway'],
            pipeline: ['man_made/pipeline', 'man_made/pipeline', 'man_made/pipeline'],
            piste: ['piste/downhill', 'piste/hike', 'piste/nordic'],
            power: ['power/line', 'power/line', 'power/line'],
            waterway: ['waterway/stream', 'waterway/stream', 'waterway/stream']
          };
 
-
          function render() {
-           let p = _preset.apply(this, arguments);
-           let geom = _geometry ? _geometry.apply(this, arguments) : null;
-           if (geom === 'relation' && p.tags && ((p.tags.type === 'route' && p.tags.route && routeSegments[p.tags.route]) || p.tags.type === 'waterway')) {
+           var p = _preset.apply(this, arguments);
+
+           var geom = _geometry ? _geometry.apply(this, arguments) : null;
+
+           if (geom === 'relation' && p.tags && (p.tags.type === 'route' && p.tags.route && routeSegments[p.tags.route] || p.tags.type === 'waterway')) {
              geom = 'route';
            }
 
-           const showThirdPartyIcons = corePreferences('preferences.privacy.thirdpartyicons') || 'true';
-           const isFallback = isSmall() && p.isFallback && p.isFallback();
-           const imageURL = (showThirdPartyIcons === 'true') && p.imageURL;
-           const picon = getIcon(p, geom);
-           const isMaki = picon && /^maki-/.test(picon);
-           const isTemaki = picon && /^temaki-/.test(picon);
-           const isFa = picon && /^fa[srb]-/.test(picon);
-           const isTnp = picon && /^tnp-/.test(picon);
-           const isiDIcon = picon && !(isMaki || isTemaki || isFa || isTnp);
-           const isCategory = !p.setTags;
-           const drawPoint = picon && geom === 'point' && isSmall() && !isFallback;
-           const drawVertex = picon !== null && geom === 'vertex' && (!isSmall() || !isFallback);
-           const drawLine = picon && geom === 'line' && !isFallback && !isCategory;
-           const drawArea = picon && geom === 'area' && !isFallback;
-           const drawRoute = picon && geom === 'route';
-           const isFramed = (drawVertex || drawArea || drawLine || drawRoute);
-
-           let tags = !isCategory ? p.setTags({}, geom) : {};
-           for (let k in tags) {
+           var showThirdPartyIcons = corePreferences('preferences.privacy.thirdpartyicons') || 'true';
+           var isFallback = isSmall() && p.isFallback && p.isFallback();
+           var imageURL = showThirdPartyIcons === 'true' && p.imageURL;
+           var picon = getIcon(p, geom);
+           var isCategory = !p.setTags;
+           var drawPoint = picon && geom === 'point' && isSmall() && !isFallback;
+           var drawVertex = picon !== null && geom === 'vertex' && (!isSmall() || !isFallback);
+           var drawLine = picon && geom === 'line' && !isFallback && !isCategory;
+           var drawArea = picon && geom === 'area' && !isFallback && !isCategory;
+           var drawRoute = picon && geom === 'route';
+           var isFramed = drawVertex || drawArea || drawLine || drawRoute || isCategory;
+           var tags = !isCategory ? p.setTags({}, geom) : {};
+
+           for (var k in tags) {
              if (tags[k] === '*') {
                tags[k] = 'yes';
              }
            }
 
-           let tagClasses = svgTagClasses().getClassesString(tags, '');
-           let selection = select(this);
-
-           let container = selection.selectAll('.preset-icon-container')
-             .data([0]);
-
-           container = container.enter()
-             .append('div')
-             .attr('class', `preset-icon-container ${_sizeClass}`)
-             .merge(container);
-
-           container
-             .classed('showing-img', !!imageURL)
-             .classed('fallback', isFallback);
-
-
-           let pointBorder = container.selectAll('.preset-icon-point-border')
-             .data(drawPoint ? [0] : []);
-
-           pointBorder.exit()
-             .remove();
-
-           let pointBorderEnter = pointBorder.enter();
-           renderPointBorder(pointBorderEnter);
-           pointBorder = pointBorderEnter.merge(pointBorder);
-
-
-           let vertexFill = container.selectAll('.preset-icon-fill-vertex')
-             .data(drawVertex ? [0] : []);
-
-           vertexFill.exit()
-             .remove();
-
-           let vertexFillEnter = vertexFill.enter();
-           renderCircleFill(vertexFillEnter);
-           vertexFill = vertexFillEnter.merge(vertexFill);
-
-
-           let fill = container.selectAll('.preset-icon-fill-area')
-             .data(drawArea ? [0] : []);
-
-           fill.exit()
-             .remove();
-
-           let fillEnter = fill.enter();
-           renderSquareFill(fillEnter);
-           fill = fillEnter.merge(fill);
-
-           fill.selectAll('path.stroke')
-             .attr('class', `area stroke ${tagClasses}`);
-           fill.selectAll('path.fill')
-             .attr('class', `area fill ${tagClasses}`);
-
-
-           let line = container.selectAll('.preset-icon-line')
-             .data(drawLine ? [0] : []);
-
-           line.exit()
-             .remove();
-
-           let lineEnter = line.enter();
-           renderLine(lineEnter);
-           line = lineEnter.merge(line);
-
-           line.selectAll('path.stroke')
-             .attr('class', `line stroke ${tagClasses}`);
-           line.selectAll('path.casing')
-             .attr('class', `line casing ${tagClasses}`);
-
-
-           let route = container.selectAll('.preset-icon-route')
-             .data(drawRoute ? [0] : []);
-
-           route.exit()
-             .remove();
-
-           let routeEnter = route.enter();
-           renderRoute(routeEnter);
-           route = routeEnter.merge(route);
-
-           if (drawRoute) {
-             let routeType = p.tags.type === 'waterway' ? 'waterway' : p.tags.route;
-             const segmentPresetIDs = routeSegments[routeType];
-             for (let i in segmentPresetIDs) {
-               const segmentPreset = _mainPresetIndex.item(segmentPresetIDs[i]);
-               const segmentTagClasses = svgTagClasses().getClassesString(segmentPreset.tags, '');
-               route.selectAll(`path.stroke.segment${i}`)
-                 .attr('class', `segment${i} line stroke ${segmentTagClasses}`);
-               route.selectAll(`path.casing.segment${i}`)
-                 .attr('class', `segment${i} line casing ${segmentTagClasses}`);
-             }
-           }
-
-
-           let icon = container.selectAll('.preset-icon')
-             .data(picon ? [0] : []);
-
-           icon.exit()
-             .remove();
-
-           icon = icon.enter()
-             .append('div')
-             .attr('class', 'preset-icon')
-             .call(svgIcon(''))
-             .merge(icon);
-
-           icon
-             .attr('class', 'preset-icon ' + (geom ? geom + '-geom' : ''))
-             .classed('framed', isFramed)
-             .classed('preset-icon-iD', isiDIcon);
-
-           icon.selectAll('svg')
-             .attr('class', 'icon ' + picon + ' ' + (!isiDIcon && geom !== 'line'  ? '' : tagClasses));
-
-           icon.selectAll('use')
-             .attr('href', '#' + picon + (isMaki ? (isSmall() && geom === 'point' ? '-11' : '-15') : ''));
-
-           let imageIcon = container.selectAll('img.image-icon')
-             .data(imageURL ? [0] : []);
-
-           imageIcon.exit()
-             .remove();
-
-           imageIcon = imageIcon.enter()
-             .append('img')
-             .attr('class', 'image-icon')
-             .on('load', () => container.classed('showing-img', true) )
-             .on('error', () => container.classed('showing-img', false) )
-             .merge(imageIcon);
-
-           imageIcon
-             .attr('src', imageURL);
+           var tagClasses = svgTagClasses().getClassesString(tags, '');
+           var selection = select(this);
+           var container = selection.selectAll('.preset-icon-container').data([0]);
+           container = container.enter().append('div').attr('class', "preset-icon-container ".concat(_sizeClass)).merge(container);
+           container.classed('showing-img', !!imageURL).classed('fallback', isFallback);
+           renderCategoryBorder(container, isCategory && p);
+           renderPointBorder(container, drawPoint);
+           renderCircleFill(container, drawVertex);
+           renderSquareFill(container, drawArea, tagClasses);
+           renderLine(container, drawLine, tagClasses);
+           renderRoute(container, drawRoute, p);
+           renderSvgIcon(container, picon, geom, isFramed, isCategory, tagClasses);
+           renderImageIcon(container, imageURL);
          }
 
-
-         presetIcon.preset = function(val) {
+         presetIcon.preset = function (val) {
            if (!arguments.length) return _preset;
            _preset = utilFunctor(val);
            return presetIcon;
          };
 
-
-         presetIcon.geometry = function(val) {
+         presetIcon.geometry = function (val) {
            if (!arguments.length) return _geometry;
            _geometry = utilFunctor(val);
            return presetIcon;
          };
 
-
-         presetIcon.sizeClass = function(val) {
+         presetIcon.sizeClass = function (val) {
            if (!arguments.length) return _sizeClass;
            _sizeClass = val;
            return presetIcon;
        }
 
        function uiSectionFeatureType(context) {
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('choose');
+         var _entityIDs = [];
+         var _presets = [];
+
+         var _tagReference;
+
+         var section = uiSection('feature-type', context).label(_t.html('inspector.feature_type')).disclosureContent(renderDisclosureContent);
+
+         function renderDisclosureContent(selection) {
+           selection.classed('preset-list-item', true);
+           selection.classed('mixed-types', _presets.length > 1);
+           var presetButtonWrap = selection.selectAll('.preset-list-button-wrap').data([0]).enter().append('div').attr('class', 'preset-list-button-wrap');
+           var presetButton = presetButtonWrap.append('button').attr('class', 'preset-list-button preset-reset').call(uiTooltip().title(_t.html('inspector.back_tooltip')).placement('bottom'));
+           presetButton.append('div').attr('class', 'preset-icon-container');
+           presetButton.append('div').attr('class', 'label').append('div').attr('class', 'label-inner');
+           presetButtonWrap.append('div').attr('class', 'accessory-buttons');
+           var tagReferenceBodyWrap = selection.selectAll('.tag-reference-body-wrap').data([0]);
+           tagReferenceBodyWrap = tagReferenceBodyWrap.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'tag-reference-body-wrap').merge(tagReferenceBodyWrap); // update header
+
+           if (_tagReference) {
+             selection.selectAll('.preset-list-button-wrap .accessory-buttons').style('display', _presets.length === 1 ? null : 'none').call(_tagReference.button);
+             tagReferenceBodyWrap.style('display', _presets.length === 1 ? null : 'none').call(_tagReference.body);
+           }
+
+           selection.selectAll('.preset-reset').on('click', function () {
+             dispatch.call('choose', this, _presets);
+           }).on('pointerdown pointerup mousedown mouseup', function (d3_event) {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             d3_event.stopPropagation();
+           });
+           var geometries = entityGeometries();
+           selection.select('.preset-list-item button').call(uiPresetIcon().geometry(_presets.length === 1 ? geometries.length === 1 && geometries[0] : null).preset(_presets.length === 1 ? _presets[0] : _mainPresetIndex.item('point')));
+           var names = _presets.length === 1 ? [_presets[0].nameLabel(), _presets[0].subtitleLabel()].filter(Boolean) : [_t('inspector.multiple_types')];
+           var label = selection.select('.label-inner');
+           var nameparts = label.selectAll('.namepart').data(names, function (d) {
+             return d;
+           });
+           nameparts.exit().remove();
+           nameparts.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'namepart').html(function (d) {
+             return d;
+           });
+         }
 
-           var dispatch$1 = dispatch('choose');
-
-           var _entityIDs = [];
-           var _presets = [];
-
-           var _tagReference;
-
-           var section = uiSection('feature-type', context)
-               .title(_t('inspector.feature_type'))
-               .disclosureContent(renderDisclosureContent);
-
-           function renderDisclosureContent(selection) {
-
-               selection.classed('preset-list-item', true);
-               selection.classed('mixed-types', _presets.length > 1);
-
-               var presetButtonWrap = selection
-                   .selectAll('.preset-list-button-wrap')
-                   .data([0])
-                   .enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'preset-list-button-wrap');
-
-               var presetButton = presetButtonWrap
-                   .append('button')
-                   .attr('class', 'preset-list-button preset-reset')
-                   .call(uiTooltip()
-                       .title(_t('inspector.back_tooltip'))
-                       .placement('bottom')
-                   );
-
-               presetButton.append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'preset-icon-container');
-
-               presetButton
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'label')
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'label-inner');
-
-               presetButtonWrap.append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'accessory-buttons');
-
-               var tagReferenceBodyWrap = selection
-                   .selectAll('.tag-reference-body-wrap')
-                   .data([0]);
-
-               tagReferenceBodyWrap = tagReferenceBodyWrap
-                   .enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'tag-reference-body-wrap')
-                   .merge(tagReferenceBodyWrap);
-
-               // update header
-               if (_tagReference) {
-                   selection.selectAll('.preset-list-button-wrap .accessory-buttons')
-                       .style('display', _presets.length === 1 ? null : 'none')
-                       .call(_tagReference.button);
-
-                   tagReferenceBodyWrap
-                       .style('display', _presets.length === 1 ? null : 'none')
-                       .call(_tagReference.body);
-               }
-
-               selection.selectAll('.preset-reset')
-                   .on('click', function() {
-                        dispatch$1.call('choose', this, _presets);
-                   })
-                   .on('pointerdown pointerup mousedown mouseup', function() {
-                       event.preventDefault();
-                       event.stopPropagation();
-                   });
-
-               var geometries = entityGeometries();
-               selection.select('.preset-list-item button')
-                   .call(uiPresetIcon()
-                       .geometry(_presets.length === 1 ? (geometries.length === 1 && geometries[0]) : null)
-                       .preset(_presets.length === 1 ? _presets[0] : _mainPresetIndex.item('point'))
-                   );
-
-               // NOTE: split on en-dash, not a hypen (to avoid conflict with hyphenated names)
-               var names = _presets.length === 1 ? _presets[0].name().split(' – ') : [_t('inspector.multiple_types')];
+         section.entityIDs = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _entityIDs;
+           _entityIDs = val;
+           return section;
+         };
 
-               var label = selection.select('.label-inner');
-               var nameparts = label.selectAll('.namepart')
-                   .data(names, function(d) { return d; });
+         section.presets = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _presets; // don't reload the same preset
 
-               nameparts.exit()
-                   .remove();
+           if (!utilArrayIdentical(val, _presets)) {
+             _presets = val;
 
-               nameparts
-                   .enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'namepart')
-                   .text(function(d) { return d; });
+             if (_presets.length === 1) {
+               _tagReference = uiTagReference(_presets[0].reference()).showing(false);
+             }
            }
 
-           section.entityIDs = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _entityIDs;
-               _entityIDs = val;
-               return section;
-           };
-
-           section.presets = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _presets;
-
-               // don't reload the same preset
-               if (!utilArrayIdentical(val, _presets)) {
-                   _presets = val;
-
-                   var geometries = entityGeometries();
-                   if (_presets.length === 1 && geometries.length) {
-                       _tagReference = uiTagReference(_presets[0].reference(geometries[0]))
-                           .showing(false);
-                   }
-               }
-
-               return section;
-           };
-
-           function entityGeometries() {
-
-               var counts = {};
+           return section;
+         };
 
-               for (var i in _entityIDs) {
-                   var geometry = context.graph().geometry(_entityIDs[i]);
-                   if (!counts[geometry]) counts[geometry] = 0;
-                   counts[geometry] += 1;
-               }
+         function entityGeometries() {
+           var counts = {};
 
-               return Object.keys(counts).sort(function(geom1, geom2) {
-                   return counts[geom2] - counts[geom1];
-               });
+           for (var i in _entityIDs) {
+             var geometry = context.graph().geometry(_entityIDs[i]);
+             if (!counts[geometry]) counts[geometry] = 0;
+             counts[geometry] += 1;
            }
 
-           return utilRebind(section, dispatch$1, 'on');
+           return Object.keys(counts).sort(function (geom1, geom2) {
+             return counts[geom2] - counts[geom1];
+           });
+         }
+
+         return utilRebind(section, dispatch, 'on');
        }
 
-       // This currently only works with the 'restrictions' field
        // It borrows some code from uiHelp
 
        function uiFieldHelp(context, fieldName) {
-           var fieldHelp = {};
-           var _inspector = select(null);
-           var _wrap = select(null);
-           var _body = select(null);
-
-           var fieldHelpKeys = {
-               restrictions: [
-                   ['about',[
-                       'about',
-                       'from_via_to',
-                       'maxdist',
-                       'maxvia'
-                   ]],
-                   ['inspecting',[
-                       'about',
-                       'from_shadow',
-                       'allow_shadow',
-                       'restrict_shadow',
-                       'only_shadow',
-                       'restricted',
-                       'only'
-                   ]],
-                   ['modifying',[
-                       'about',
-                       'indicators',
-                       'allow_turn',
-                       'restrict_turn',
-                       'only_turn'
-                   ]],
-                   ['tips',[
-                       'simple',
-                       'simple_example',
-                       'indirect',
-                       'indirect_example',
-                       'indirect_noedit'
-                   ]]
-               ]
-           };
+         var fieldHelp = {};
 
-           var fieldHelpHeadings = {};
-
-           var replacements = {
-               distField: _t('restriction.controls.distance'),
-               viaField: _t('restriction.controls.via'),
-               fromShadow: icon('#iD-turn-shadow', 'pre-text shadow from'),
-               allowShadow: icon('#iD-turn-shadow', 'pre-text shadow allow'),
-               restrictShadow: icon('#iD-turn-shadow', 'pre-text shadow restrict'),
-               onlyShadow: icon('#iD-turn-shadow', 'pre-text shadow only'),
-               allowTurn: icon('#iD-turn-yes', 'pre-text turn'),
-               restrictTurn: icon('#iD-turn-no', 'pre-text turn'),
-               onlyTurn: icon('#iD-turn-only', 'pre-text turn')
-           };
+         var _inspector = select(null);
 
+         var _wrap = select(null);
 
-           // For each section, squash all the texts into a single markdown document
-           var docs = fieldHelpKeys[fieldName].map(function(key) {
-               var helpkey = 'help.field.' + fieldName + '.' + key[0];
-               var text = key[1].reduce(function(all, part) {
-                   var subkey = helpkey + '.' + part;
-                   var depth = fieldHelpHeadings[subkey];                     // is this subkey a heading?
-                   var hhh = depth ? Array(depth + 1).join('#') + ' ' : '';   // if so, prepend with some ##'s
-                   return all + hhh + _t(subkey, replacements) + '\n\n';
-               }, '');
+         var _body = select(null);
 
-               return {
-                   key: helpkey,
-                   title: _t(helpkey + '.title'),
-                   html: marked_1(text.trim())
-               };
-           });
+         var fieldHelpKeys = {
+           restrictions: [['about', ['about', 'from_via_to', 'maxdist', 'maxvia']], ['inspecting', ['about', 'from_shadow', 'allow_shadow', 'restrict_shadow', 'only_shadow', 'restricted', 'only']], ['modifying', ['about', 'indicators', 'allow_turn', 'restrict_turn', 'only_turn']], ['tips', ['simple', 'simple_example', 'indirect', 'indirect_example', 'indirect_noedit']]]
+         };
+         var fieldHelpHeadings = {};
+         var replacements = {
+           distField: _t.html('restriction.controls.distance'),
+           viaField: _t.html('restriction.controls.via'),
+           fromShadow: icon('#iD-turn-shadow', 'inline shadow from'),
+           allowShadow: icon('#iD-turn-shadow', 'inline shadow allow'),
+           restrictShadow: icon('#iD-turn-shadow', 'inline shadow restrict'),
+           onlyShadow: icon('#iD-turn-shadow', 'inline shadow only'),
+           allowTurn: icon('#iD-turn-yes', 'inline turn'),
+           restrictTurn: icon('#iD-turn-no', 'inline turn'),
+           onlyTurn: icon('#iD-turn-only', 'inline turn')
+         }; // For each section, squash all the texts into a single markdown document
 
+         var docs = fieldHelpKeys[fieldName].map(function (key) {
+           var helpkey = 'help.field.' + fieldName + '.' + key[0];
+           var text = key[1].reduce(function (all, part) {
+             var subkey = helpkey + '.' + part;
+             var depth = fieldHelpHeadings[subkey]; // is this subkey a heading?
 
-           function show() {
-               updatePosition();
+             var hhh = depth ? Array(depth + 1).join('#') + ' ' : ''; // if so, prepend with some ##'s
 
-               _body
-                   .classed('hide', false)
-                   .style('opacity', '0')
-                   .transition()
-                   .duration(200)
-                   .style('opacity', '1');
-           }
+             return all + hhh + _t.html(subkey, replacements) + '\n\n';
+           }, '');
+           return {
+             key: helpkey,
+             title: _t.html(helpkey + '.title'),
+             html: marked_1(text.trim())
+           };
+         });
 
+         function show() {
+           updatePosition();
 
-           function hide() {
-               _body
-                   .classed('hide', true)
-                   .transition()
-                   .duration(200)
-                   .style('opacity', '0')
-                   .on('end', function () {
-                       _body.classed('hide', true);
-                   });
-           }
+           _body.classed('hide', false).style('opacity', '0').transition().duration(200).style('opacity', '1');
+         }
 
+         function hide() {
+           _body.classed('hide', true).transition().duration(200).style('opacity', '0').on('end', function () {
+             _body.classed('hide', true);
+           });
+         }
 
-           function clickHelp(index) {
-               var d = docs[index];
-               var tkeys = fieldHelpKeys[fieldName][index][1];
+         function clickHelp(index) {
+           var d = docs[index];
+           var tkeys = fieldHelpKeys[fieldName][index][1];
 
-               _body.selectAll('.field-help-nav-item')
-                   .classed('active', function(d, i) { return i === index; });
+           _body.selectAll('.field-help-nav-item').classed('active', function (d, i) {
+             return i === index;
+           });
 
-               var content = _body.selectAll('.field-help-content')
-                   .html(d.html);
+           var content = _body.selectAll('.field-help-content').html(d.html); // class the paragraphs so we can find and style them
 
-               // class the paragraphs so we can find and style them
-               content.selectAll('p')
-                   .attr('class', function(d, i) { return tkeys[i]; });
 
-               // insert special content for certain help sections
-               if (d.key === 'help.field.restrictions.inspecting') {
-                   content
-                       .insert('img', 'p.from_shadow')
-                       .attr('class', 'field-help-image cf')
-                       .attr('src', context.imagePath('tr_inspect.gif'));
+           content.selectAll('p').attr('class', function (d, i) {
+             return tkeys[i];
+           }); // insert special content for certain help sections
 
-               } else if (d.key === 'help.field.restrictions.modifying') {
-                   content
-                       .insert('img', 'p.allow_turn')
-                       .attr('class', 'field-help-image cf')
-                       .attr('src', context.imagePath('tr_modify.gif'));
-               }
+           if (d.key === 'help.field.restrictions.inspecting') {
+             content.insert('img', 'p.from_shadow').attr('class', 'field-help-image cf').attr('src', context.imagePath('tr_inspect.gif'));
+           } else if (d.key === 'help.field.restrictions.modifying') {
+             content.insert('img', 'p.allow_turn').attr('class', 'field-help-image cf').attr('src', context.imagePath('tr_modify.gif'));
            }
+         }
 
+         fieldHelp.button = function (selection) {
+           if (_body.empty()) return;
+           var button = selection.selectAll('.field-help-button').data([0]); // enter/update
 
-           fieldHelp.button = function(selection) {
-               if (_body.empty()) return;
-
-               var button = selection.selectAll('.field-help-button')
-                   .data([0]);
-
-               // enter/update
-               button.enter()
-                   .append('button')
-                   .attr('class', 'field-help-button')
-                   .attr('tabindex', -1)
-                   .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-help'))
-                   .merge(button)
-                   .on('click', function () {
-                       event.stopPropagation();
-                       event.preventDefault();
-                       if (_body.classed('hide')) {
-                           show();
-                       } else {
-                           hide();
-                       }
-                   });
-           };
-
-
-           function updatePosition() {
-               var wrap = _wrap.node();
-               var inspector = _inspector.node();
-               var wRect = wrap.getBoundingClientRect();
-               var iRect = inspector.getBoundingClientRect();
-
-               _body
-                   .style('top', wRect.top + inspector.scrollTop - iRect.top + 'px');
-           }
-
+           button.enter().append('button').attr('class', 'field-help-button').call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-help')).merge(button).on('click', function (d3_event) {
+             d3_event.stopPropagation();
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
 
-           fieldHelp.body = function(selection) {
-               // This control expects the field to have a form-field-input-wrap div
-               _wrap = selection.selectAll('.form-field-input-wrap');
-               if (_wrap.empty()) return;
+             if (_body.classed('hide')) {
+               show();
+             } else {
+               hide();
+             }
+           });
+         };
 
-               // absolute position relative to the inspector, so it "floats" above the fields
-               _inspector = context.container().select('.sidebar .entity-editor-pane .inspector-body');
-               if (_inspector.empty()) return;
+         function updatePosition() {
+           var wrap = _wrap.node();
 
-               _body = _inspector.selectAll('.field-help-body')
-                   .data([0]);
+           var inspector = _inspector.node();
 
-               var enter = _body.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'field-help-body hide');   // initially hidden
+           var wRect = wrap.getBoundingClientRect();
+           var iRect = inspector.getBoundingClientRect();
 
-               var titleEnter = enter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'field-help-title cf');
-
-               titleEnter
-                   .append('h2')
-                   .attr('class', ((_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl') ? 'fr' : 'fl'))
-                   .text(_t('help.field.' + fieldName + '.title'));
-
-               titleEnter
-                   .append('button')
-                   .attr('class', 'fr close')
-                   .on('click', function() {
-                       event.stopPropagation();
-                       event.preventDefault();
-                       hide();
-                   })
-                   .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-close'));
-
-               var navEnter = enter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'field-help-nav cf');
+           _body.style('top', wRect.top + inspector.scrollTop - iRect.top + 'px');
+         }
 
-               var titles = docs.map(function(d) { return d.title; });
-               navEnter.selectAll('.field-help-nav-item')
-                   .data(titles)
-                   .enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'field-help-nav-item')
-                   .text(function(d) { return d; })
-                   .on('click', function(d, i) {
-                       event.stopPropagation();
-                       event.preventDefault();
-                       clickHelp(i);
-                   });
+         fieldHelp.body = function (selection) {
+           // This control expects the field to have a form-field-input-wrap div
+           _wrap = selection.selectAll('.form-field-input-wrap');
+           if (_wrap.empty()) return; // absolute position relative to the inspector, so it "floats" above the fields
 
-               enter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'field-help-content');
+           _inspector = context.container().select('.sidebar .entity-editor-pane .inspector-body');
+           if (_inspector.empty()) return;
+           _body = _inspector.selectAll('.field-help-body').data([0]);
 
-               _body = _body
-                   .merge(enter);
+           var enter = _body.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'field-help-body hide'); // initially hidden
 
-               clickHelp(0);
-           };
 
+           var titleEnter = enter.append('div').attr('class', 'field-help-title cf');
+           titleEnter.append('h2').attr('class', _mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl' ? 'fr' : 'fl').html(_t.html('help.field.' + fieldName + '.title'));
+           titleEnter.append('button').attr('class', 'fr close').on('click', function (d3_event) {
+             d3_event.stopPropagation();
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             hide();
+           }).call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-close'));
+           var navEnter = enter.append('div').attr('class', 'field-help-nav cf');
+           var titles = docs.map(function (d) {
+             return d.title;
+           });
+           navEnter.selectAll('.field-help-nav-item').data(titles).enter().append('div').attr('class', 'field-help-nav-item').html(function (d) {
+             return d;
+           }).on('click', function (d3_event, d) {
+             d3_event.stopPropagation();
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             clickHelp(titles.indexOf(d));
+           });
+           enter.append('div').attr('class', 'field-help-content');
+           _body = _body.merge(enter);
+           clickHelp(0);
+         };
 
-           return fieldHelp;
+         return fieldHelp;
        }
 
        function uiFieldCheck(field, context) {
-           var dispatch$1 = dispatch('change');
-           var options = field.strings && field.strings.options;
-           var values = [];
-           var texts = [];
-
-           var _tags;
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('change');
+         var options = field.options;
+         var values = [];
+         var texts = [];
 
-           var input = select(null);
-           var text = select(null);
-           var label = select(null);
-           var reverser = select(null);
+         var _tags;
 
-           var _impliedYes;
-           var _entityIDs = [];
-           var _value;
+         var input = select(null);
+         var text = select(null);
+         var label = select(null);
+         var reverser = select(null);
 
+         var _impliedYes;
 
-           if (options) {
-               for (var k in options) {
-                   values.push(k === 'undefined' ? undefined : k);
-                   texts.push(field.t('options.' + k, { 'default': options[k] }));
-               }
-           } else {
-               values = [undefined, 'yes'];
-               texts = [_t('inspector.unknown'), _t('inspector.check.yes')];
-               if (field.type !== 'defaultCheck') {
-                   values.push('no');
-                   texts.push(_t('inspector.check.no'));
-               }
-           }
-
-
-           // Checks tags to see whether an undefined value is "Assumed to be Yes"
-           function checkImpliedYes() {
-               _impliedYes = (field.id === 'oneway_yes');
-
-               // hack: pretend `oneway` field is a `oneway_yes` field
-               // where implied oneway tag exists (e.g. `junction=roundabout`) #2220, #1841
-               if (field.id === 'oneway') {
-                   var entity = context.entity(_entityIDs[0]);
-                   for (var key in entity.tags) {
-                       if (key in osmOneWayTags && (entity.tags[key] in osmOneWayTags[key])) {
-                           _impliedYes = true;
-                           texts[0] = _t('presets.fields.oneway_yes.options.undefined');
-                           break;
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
-           }
+         var _entityIDs = [];
 
+         var _value;
 
-           function reverserHidden() {
-               if (!context.container().select('div.inspector-hover').empty()) return true;
-               return !(_value === 'yes' || (_impliedYes && !_value));
+         if (options) {
+           for (var i in options) {
+             var v = options[i];
+             values.push(v === 'undefined' ? undefined : v);
+             texts.push(field.t.html('options.' + v, {
+               'default': v
+             }));
            }
+         } else {
+           values = [undefined, 'yes'];
+           texts = [_t.html('inspector.unknown'), _t.html('inspector.check.yes')];
 
-
-           function reverserSetText(selection) {
-               var entity = _entityIDs.length && context.hasEntity(_entityIDs[0]);
-               if (reverserHidden() || !entity) return selection;
-
-               var first = entity.first();
-               var last = entity.isClosed() ? entity.nodes[entity.nodes.length - 2] : entity.last();
-               var pseudoDirection = first < last;
-               var icon = pseudoDirection ? '#iD-icon-forward' : '#iD-icon-backward';
-
-               selection.selectAll('.reverser-span')
-                   .text(_t('inspector.check.reverser'))
-                   .call(svgIcon(icon, 'inline'));
-
-               return selection;
+           if (field.type !== 'defaultCheck') {
+             values.push('no');
+             texts.push(_t.html('inspector.check.no'));
            }
+         } // Checks tags to see whether an undefined value is "Assumed to be Yes"
 
 
-           var check = function(selection) {
-               checkImpliedYes();
-
-               label = selection.selectAll('.form-field-input-wrap')
-                   .data([0]);
-
-               var enter = label.enter()
-                   .append('label')
-                   .attr('class', 'form-field-input-wrap form-field-input-check');
-
-               enter
-                   .append('input')
-                   .property('indeterminate', field.type !== 'defaultCheck')
-                   .attr('type', 'checkbox')
-                   .attr('id', field.domId);
-
-               enter
-                   .append('span')
-                   .text(texts[0])
-                   .attr('class', 'value');
-
-               if (field.type === 'onewayCheck') {
-                   enter
-                       .append('a')
-                       .attr('class', 'reverser button' + (reverserHidden() ? ' hide' : ''))
-                       .attr('href', '#')
-                       .append('span')
-                       .attr('class', 'reverser-span');
-               }
-
-               label = label.merge(enter);
-               input = label.selectAll('input');
-               text = label.selectAll('span.value');
-
-               input
-                   .on('click', function() {
-                       event.stopPropagation();
-                       var t = {};
-
-                       if (Array.isArray(_tags[field.key])) {
-                           if (values.indexOf('yes') !== -1) {
-                               t[field.key] = 'yes';
-                           } else {
-                               t[field.key] = values[0];
-                           }
-                       } else {
-                           t[field.key] = values[(values.indexOf(_value) + 1) % values.length];
-                       }
-
-                       // Don't cycle through `alternating` or `reversible` states - #4970
-                       // (They are supported as translated strings, but should not toggle with clicks)
-                       if (t[field.key] === 'reversible' || t[field.key] === 'alternating') {
-                           t[field.key] = values[0];
-                       }
-
-                       dispatch$1.call('change', this, t);
-                   });
+         function checkImpliedYes() {
+           _impliedYes = field.id === 'oneway_yes'; // hack: pretend `oneway` field is a `oneway_yes` field
+           // where implied oneway tag exists (e.g. `junction=roundabout`) #2220, #1841
 
-               if (field.type === 'onewayCheck') {
-                   reverser = label.selectAll('.reverser');
-
-                   reverser
-                       .call(reverserSetText)
-                       .on('click', function() {
-                           event.preventDefault();
-                           event.stopPropagation();
-                           context.perform(
-                               function(graph) {
-                                   for (var i in _entityIDs) {
-                                       graph = actionReverse(_entityIDs[i])(graph);
-                                   }
-                                   return graph;
-                               },
-                               _t('operations.reverse.annotation')
-                           );
-
-                           // must manually revalidate since no 'change' event was called
-                           context.validator().validate();
+           if (field.id === 'oneway') {
+             var entity = context.entity(_entityIDs[0]);
 
-                           select(this)
-                               .call(reverserSetText);
-                       });
+             for (var key in entity.tags) {
+               if (key in osmOneWayTags && entity.tags[key] in osmOneWayTags[key]) {
+                 _impliedYes = true;
+                 texts[0] = _t.html('_tagging.presets.fields.oneway_yes.options.undefined');
+                 break;
                }
-           };
-
-
-           check.entityIDs = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _entityIDs;
-               _entityIDs = val;
-               return check;
-           };
-
-
-           check.tags = function(tags) {
-
-               _tags = tags;
+             }
+           }
+         }
 
-               function isChecked(val) {
-                   return val !== 'no' && val !== '' && val !== undefined && val !== null;
-               }
+         function reverserHidden() {
+           if (!context.container().select('div.inspector-hover').empty()) return true;
+           return !(_value === 'yes' || _impliedYes && !_value);
+         }
 
-               function textFor(val) {
-                   if (val === '') val = undefined;
-                   var index = values.indexOf(val);
-                   return (index !== -1 ? texts[index] : ('"' + val + '"'));
-               }
+         function reverserSetText(selection) {
+           var entity = _entityIDs.length && context.hasEntity(_entityIDs[0]);
+           if (reverserHidden() || !entity) return selection;
+           var first = entity.first();
+           var last = entity.isClosed() ? entity.nodes[entity.nodes.length - 2] : entity.last();
+           var pseudoDirection = first < last;
+           var icon = pseudoDirection ? '#iD-icon-forward' : '#iD-icon-backward';
+           selection.selectAll('.reverser-span').html(_t.html('inspector.check.reverser')).call(svgIcon(icon, 'inline'));
+           return selection;
+         }
 
-               checkImpliedYes();
+         var check = function check(selection) {
+           checkImpliedYes();
+           label = selection.selectAll('.form-field-input-wrap').data([0]);
+           var enter = label.enter().append('label').attr('class', 'form-field-input-wrap form-field-input-check');
+           enter.append('input').property('indeterminate', field.type !== 'defaultCheck').attr('type', 'checkbox').attr('id', field.domId);
+           enter.append('span').html(texts[0]).attr('class', 'value');
 
-               var isMixed = Array.isArray(tags[field.key]);
+           if (field.type === 'onewayCheck') {
+             enter.append('button').attr('class', 'reverser' + (reverserHidden() ? ' hide' : '')).append('span').attr('class', 'reverser-span');
+           }
 
-               _value = !isMixed && tags[field.key] && tags[field.key].toLowerCase();
+           label = label.merge(enter);
+           input = label.selectAll('input');
+           text = label.selectAll('span.value');
+           input.on('click', function (d3_event) {
+             d3_event.stopPropagation();
+             var t = {};
 
-               if (field.type === 'onewayCheck' && (_value === '1' || _value === '-1')) {
-                   _value = 'yes';
+             if (Array.isArray(_tags[field.key])) {
+               if (values.indexOf('yes') !== -1) {
+                 t[field.key] = 'yes';
+               } else {
+                 t[field.key] = values[0];
                }
+             } else {
+               t[field.key] = values[(values.indexOf(_value) + 1) % values.length];
+             } // Don't cycle through `alternating` or `reversible` states - #4970
+             // (They are supported as translated strings, but should not toggle with clicks)
 
-               input
-                   .property('indeterminate', isMixed || (field.type !== 'defaultCheck' && !_value))
-                   .property('checked', isChecked(_value));
-
-               text
-                   .text(isMixed ? _t('inspector.multiple_values') : textFor(_value))
-                   .classed('mixed', isMixed);
-
-               label
-                   .classed('set', !!_value);
 
-               if (field.type === 'onewayCheck') {
-                   reverser
-                       .classed('hide', reverserHidden())
-                       .call(reverserSetText);
-               }
-           };
+             if (t[field.key] === 'reversible' || t[field.key] === 'alternating') {
+               t[field.key] = values[0];
+             }
 
+             dispatch.call('change', this, t);
+           });
 
-           check.focus = function() {
-               input.node().focus();
-           };
+           if (field.type === 'onewayCheck') {
+             reverser = label.selectAll('.reverser');
+             reverser.call(reverserSetText).on('click', function (d3_event) {
+               d3_event.preventDefault();
+               d3_event.stopPropagation();
+               context.perform(function (graph) {
+                 for (var i in _entityIDs) {
+                   graph = actionReverse(_entityIDs[i])(graph);
+                 }
 
-           return utilRebind(check, dispatch$1, 'on');
-       }
+                 return graph;
+               }, _t('operations.reverse.annotation.line', {
+                 n: 1
+               })); // must manually revalidate since no 'change' event was called
 
-       function uiFieldCombo(field, context) {
-           var dispatch$1 = dispatch('change');
-           var taginfo = services.taginfo;
-           var isMulti = (field.type === 'multiCombo');
-           var isNetwork = (field.type === 'networkCombo');
-           var isSemi = (field.type === 'semiCombo');
-           var optstrings = field.strings && field.strings.options;
-           var optarray = field.options;
-           var snake_case = (field.snake_case || (field.snake_case === undefined));
-           var caseSensitive = field.caseSensitive;
-           var combobox = uiCombobox(context, 'combo-' + field.safeid)
-               .caseSensitive(caseSensitive)
-               .minItems(isMulti || isSemi ? 1 : 2);
-           var container = select(null);
-           var inputWrap = select(null);
-           var input = select(null);
-           var _comboData = [];
-           var _multiData = [];
-           var _entityIDs = [];
-           var _tags;
-           var _countryCode;
-           var _staticPlaceholder;
-
-           // initialize deprecated tags array
-           var _dataDeprecated = [];
-           _mainFileFetcher.get('deprecated')
-               .then(function(d) { _dataDeprecated = d; })
-               .catch(function() { /* ignore */ });
-
-
-           // ensure multiCombo field.key ends with a ':'
-           if (isMulti && /[^:]$/.test(field.key)) {
-               field.key += ':';
-           }
-
-
-           function snake(s) {
-               return s.replace(/\s+/g, '_');
-           }
-
-           function unsnake(s) {
-               return s.replace(/_+/g, ' ');
-           }
-
-           function clean(s) {
-               return s.split(';')
-                   .map(function(s) { return s.trim(); })
-                   .join(';');
+               context.validator().validate();
+               select(this).call(reverserSetText);
+             });
            }
+         };
 
+         check.entityIDs = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _entityIDs;
+           _entityIDs = val;
+           return check;
+         };
 
-           // returns the tag value for a display value
-           // (for multiCombo, dval should be the key suffix, not the entire key)
-           function tagValue(dval) {
-               dval = clean(dval || '');
-
-               if (optstrings) {
-                   var found = _comboData.find(function(o) {
-                       return o.key && clean(o.value) === dval;
-                   });
-                   if (found) {
-                       return found.key;
-                   }
-               }
-
-               if (field.type === 'typeCombo' && !dval) {
-                   return 'yes';
-               }
+         check.tags = function (tags) {
+           _tags = tags;
 
-               return (snake_case ? snake(dval) : dval) || undefined;
+           function isChecked(val) {
+             return val !== 'no' && val !== '' && val !== undefined && val !== null;
            }
 
-
-           // returns the display value for a tag value
-           // (for multiCombo, tval should be the key suffix, not the entire key)
-           function displayValue(tval) {
-               tval = tval || '';
-
-               if (optstrings) {
-                   var found = _comboData.find(function(o) {
-                       return o.key === tval && o.value;
-                   });
-                   if (found) {
-                       return found.value;
-                   }
-               }
-
-               if (field.type === 'typeCombo' && tval.toLowerCase() === 'yes') {
-                   return '';
-               }
-
-               return snake_case ? unsnake(tval) : tval;
+           function textFor(val) {
+             if (val === '') val = undefined;
+             var index = values.indexOf(val);
+             return index !== -1 ? texts[index] : '"' + val + '"';
            }
 
+           checkImpliedYes();
+           var isMixed = Array.isArray(tags[field.key]);
+           _value = !isMixed && tags[field.key] && tags[field.key].toLowerCase();
 
-           // Compute the difference between arrays of objects by `value` property
-           //
-           // objectDifference([{value:1}, {value:2}, {value:3}], [{value:2}])
-           // > [{value:1}, {value:3}]
-           //
-           function objectDifference(a, b) {
-               return a.filter(function(d1) {
-                   return !b.some(function(d2) {
-                       return !d2.isMixed && d1.value === d2.value;
-                   });
-               });
+           if (field.type === 'onewayCheck' && (_value === '1' || _value === '-1')) {
+             _value = 'yes';
            }
 
+           input.property('indeterminate', isMixed || field.type !== 'defaultCheck' && !_value).property('checked', isChecked(_value));
+           text.html(isMixed ? _t.html('inspector.multiple_values') : textFor(_value)).classed('mixed', isMixed);
+           label.classed('set', !!_value);
 
-           function initCombo(selection, attachTo) {
-               if (optstrings) {
-                   selection.attr('readonly', 'readonly');
-                   selection.call(combobox, attachTo);
-                   setStaticValues(setPlaceholder);
-
-               } else if (optarray) {
-                   selection.call(combobox, attachTo);
-                   setStaticValues(setPlaceholder);
-
-               } else if (taginfo) {
-                   selection.call(combobox.fetcher(setTaginfoValues), attachTo);
-                   setTaginfoValues('', setPlaceholder);
-               }
+           if (field.type === 'onewayCheck') {
+             reverser.classed('hide', reverserHidden()).call(reverserSetText);
            }
+         };
 
+         check.focus = function () {
+           input.node().focus();
+         };
 
-           function setStaticValues(callback) {
-               if (!(optstrings || optarray)) return;
+         return utilRebind(check, dispatch, 'on');
+       }
 
-               if (optstrings) {
-                   _comboData = Object.keys(optstrings).map(function(k) {
-                       var v = field.t('options.' + k, { 'default': optstrings[k] });
-                       return {
-                           key: k,
-                           value: v,
-                           title: v
-                       };
-                   });
+       function uiFieldCombo(field, context) {
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('change');
 
-               } else if (optarray) {
-                   _comboData = optarray.map(function(k) {
-                       var v = snake_case ? unsnake(k) : k;
-                       return {
-                           key: k,
-                           value: v,
-                           title: v
-                       };
-                   });
-               }
+         var _isMulti = field.type === 'multiCombo' || field.type === 'manyCombo';
 
-               combobox.data(objectDifference(_comboData, _multiData));
-               if (callback) callback(_comboData);
-           }
+         var _isNetwork = field.type === 'networkCombo';
 
+         var _isSemi = field.type === 'semiCombo';
 
-           function setTaginfoValues(q, callback) {
-               var fn = isMulti ? 'multikeys' : 'values';
-               var query = (isMulti ? field.key : '') + q;
-               var hasCountryPrefix = isNetwork && _countryCode && _countryCode.indexOf(q.toLowerCase()) === 0;
-               if (hasCountryPrefix) {
-                   query = _countryCode + ':';
-               }
+         var _optarray = field.options;
 
-               var params = {
-                   debounce: (q !== ''),
-                   key: field.key,
-                   query: query
-               };
+         var _showTagInfoSuggestions = field.type !== 'manyCombo' && field.autoSuggestions !== false;
 
-               if (_entityIDs.length) {
-                   params.geometry = context.graph().geometry(_entityIDs[0]);
-               }
+         var _allowCustomValues = field.type !== 'manyCombo' && field.customValues !== false;
 
-               taginfo[fn](params, function(err, data) {
-                   if (err) return;
+         var _snake_case = field.snake_case || field.snake_case === undefined;
 
-                   data = data.filter(function(d) {
+         var _combobox = uiCombobox(context, 'combo-' + field.safeid).caseSensitive(field.caseSensitive).minItems(_isMulti || _isSemi ? 1 : 2);
 
-                       if (field.type === 'typeCombo' && d.value === 'yes') {
-                           // don't show the fallback value
-                           return false;
-                       }
+         var _container = select(null);
 
-                       // don't show values with very low usage
-                       return !d.count || d.count > 10;
-                   });
+         var _inputWrap = select(null);
 
-                   var deprecatedValues = osmEntity.deprecatedTagValuesByKey(_dataDeprecated)[field.key];
-                   if (deprecatedValues) {
-                       // don't suggest deprecated tag values
-                       data = data.filter(function(d) {
-                           return deprecatedValues.indexOf(d.value) === -1;
-                       });
-                   }
+         var _input = select(null);
 
-                   if (hasCountryPrefix) {
-                       data = data.filter(function(d) {
-                           return d.value.toLowerCase().indexOf(_countryCode + ':') === 0;
-                       });
-                   }
+         var _comboData = [];
+         var _multiData = [];
+         var _entityIDs = [];
 
-                   // hide the caret if there are no suggestions
-                   container.classed('empty-combobox', data.length === 0);
-
-                   _comboData = data.map(function(d) {
-                       var k = d.value;
-                       if (isMulti) k = k.replace(field.key, '');
-                       var v = snake_case ? unsnake(k) : k;
-                       return {
-                           key: k,
-                           value: v,
-                           title: isMulti ? v : d.title
-                       };
-                   });
+         var _tags;
 
-                   _comboData = objectDifference(_comboData, _multiData);
-                   if (callback) callback(_comboData);
-               });
-           }
+         var _countryCode;
 
+         var _staticPlaceholder; // initialize deprecated tags array
 
-           function setPlaceholder(values) {
 
-               if (isMulti || isSemi) {
-                   _staticPlaceholder = field.placeholder() || _t('inspector.add');
-               } else {
-                   var vals = values
-                       .map(function(d) { return d.value; })
-                       .filter(function(s) { return s.length < 20; });
+         var _dataDeprecated = [];
+         _mainFileFetcher.get('deprecated').then(function (d) {
+           _dataDeprecated = d;
+         })["catch"](function () {
+           /* ignore */
+         }); // ensure multiCombo field.key ends with a ':'
 
-                   var placeholders = vals.length > 1 ? vals : values.map(function(d) { return d.key; });
-                   _staticPlaceholder = field.placeholder() || placeholders.slice(0, 3).join(', ');
-               }
+         if (_isMulti && field.key && /[^:]$/.test(field.key)) {
+           field.key += ':';
+         }
 
-               if (!/(…|\.\.\.)$/.test(_staticPlaceholder)) {
-                   _staticPlaceholder += '…';
-               }
+         function snake(s) {
+           return s.replace(/\s+/g, '_').toLowerCase();
+         }
 
-               var ph;
-               if (!isMulti && !isSemi && _tags && Array.isArray(_tags[field.key])) {
-                   ph = _t('inspector.multiple_values');
-               } else {
-                   ph =  _staticPlaceholder;
-               }
+         function clean(s) {
+           return s.split(';').map(function (s) {
+             return s.trim();
+           }).join(';');
+         } // returns the tag value for a display value
+         // (for multiCombo, dval should be the key suffix, not the entire key)
 
-               container.selectAll('input')
-                   .attr('placeholder', ph);
-           }
 
+         function tagValue(dval) {
+           dval = clean(dval || '');
 
-           function change() {
-               var t = {};
-               var val;
-
-               if (isMulti || isSemi) {
-                   val = tagValue(utilGetSetValue(input).replace(/,/g, ';')) || '';
-                   container.classed('active', false);
-                   utilGetSetValue(input, '');
-
-                   var vals = val.split(';').filter(Boolean);
-                   if (!vals.length) return;
-
-                   if (isMulti) {
-                       utilArrayUniq(vals).forEach(function(v) {
-                           var key = field.key + v;
-                           if (_tags) {
-                               // don't set a multicombo value to 'yes' if it already has a non-'no' value
-                               // e.g. `language:de=main`
-                               var old = _tags[key];
-                               if (typeof old === 'string' && old.toLowerCase() !== 'no') return;
-                           }
-                           key = context.cleanTagKey(key);
-                           field.keys.push(key);
-                           t[key] = 'yes';
-                       });
+           var found = _comboData.find(function (o) {
+             return o.key && clean(o.value) === dval;
+           });
 
-                   } else if (isSemi) {
-                       var arr = _multiData.map(function(d) { return d.key; });
-                       arr = arr.concat(vals);
-                       t[field.key] = context.cleanTagValue(utilArrayUniq(arr).filter(Boolean).join(';'));
-                   }
+           if (found) return found.key;
 
-                   window.setTimeout(function() { input.node().focus(); }, 10);
+           if (field.type === 'typeCombo' && !dval) {
+             return 'yes';
+           }
 
-               } else {
-                   var rawValue = utilGetSetValue(input);
+           return (_snake_case ? snake(dval) : dval) || undefined;
+         } // returns the display value for a tag value
+         // (for multiCombo, tval should be the key suffix, not the entire key)
 
-                   // don't override multiple values with blank string
-                   if (!rawValue && Array.isArray(_tags[field.key])) return;
 
-                   val = context.cleanTagValue(tagValue(rawValue));
-                   t[field.key] = val || undefined;
-               }
+         function displayValue(tval) {
+           tval = tval || '';
 
-               dispatch$1.call('change', this, t);
+           if (field.hasTextForStringId('options.' + tval)) {
+             return field.t('options.' + tval, {
+               "default": tval
+             });
            }
 
-
-           function removeMultikey(d) {
-               event.stopPropagation();
-               var t = {};
-               if (isMulti) {
-                   t[d.key] = undefined;
-               } else if (isSemi) {
-                   var arr = _multiData.map(function(md) {
-                       return md.key === d.key ? null : md.key;
-                   }).filter(Boolean);
-
-                   arr = utilArrayUniq(arr);
-                   t[field.key] = arr.length ? arr.join(';') : undefined;
-               }
-               dispatch$1.call('change', this, t);
+           if (field.type === 'typeCombo' && tval.toLowerCase() === 'yes') {
+             return '';
            }
 
+           return tval;
+         } // Compute the difference between arrays of objects by `value` property
+         //
+         // objectDifference([{value:1}, {value:2}, {value:3}], [{value:2}])
+         // > [{value:1}, {value:3}]
+         //
 
-           function combo(selection) {
-               container = selection.selectAll('.form-field-input-wrap')
-                   .data([0]);
-
-               var type = (isMulti || isSemi) ? 'multicombo': 'combo';
-               container = container.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'form-field-input-wrap form-field-input-' + type)
-                   .merge(container);
-
-               if (isMulti || isSemi) {
-                   container = container.selectAll('.chiplist')
-                       .data([0]);
-
-                   var listClass = 'chiplist';
 
-                   // Use a separate line for each value in the Destinations field
-                   // to mimic highway exit signs
-                   if (field.key === 'destination') {
-                       listClass += ' full-line-chips';
-                   }
+         function objectDifference(a, b) {
+           return a.filter(function (d1) {
+             return !b.some(function (d2) {
+               return !d2.isMixed && d1.value === d2.value;
+             });
+           });
+         }
 
-                   container = container.enter()
-                       .append('ul')
-                       .attr('class', listClass)
-                       .on('click', function() {
-                           window.setTimeout(function() { input.node().focus(); }, 10);
-                       })
-                       .merge(container);
+         function initCombo(selection, attachTo) {
+           if (!_allowCustomValues) {
+             selection.attr('readonly', 'readonly');
+           }
 
+           if (_showTagInfoSuggestions && services.taginfo) {
+             selection.call(_combobox.fetcher(setTaginfoValues), attachTo);
+             setTaginfoValues('', setPlaceholder);
+           } else {
+             selection.call(_combobox, attachTo);
+             setStaticValues(setPlaceholder);
+           }
+         }
 
-                   inputWrap = container.selectAll('.input-wrap')
-                       .data([0]);
+         function setStaticValues(callback) {
+           if (!_optarray) return;
+           _comboData = _optarray.map(function (v) {
+             return {
+               key: v,
+               value: field.t('options.' + v, {
+                 "default": v
+               }),
+               title: v,
+               display: field.t.html('options.' + v, {
+                 "default": v
+               }),
+               klass: field.hasTextForStringId('options.' + v) ? '' : 'raw-option'
+             };
+           });
 
-                   inputWrap = inputWrap.enter()
-                       .append('li')
-                       .attr('class', 'input-wrap')
-                       .merge(inputWrap);
+           _combobox.data(objectDifference(_comboData, _multiData));
 
-                   input = inputWrap.selectAll('input')
-                       .data([0]);
-               } else {
-                   input = container.selectAll('input')
-                       .data([0]);
-               }
-
-               input = input.enter()
-                   .append('input')
-                   .attr('type', 'text')
-                   .attr('id', field.domId)
-                   .call(utilNoAuto)
-                   .call(initCombo, selection)
-                   .merge(input);
-
-               if (isNetwork) {
-                   var extent = combinedEntityExtent();
-                   var countryCode = extent && iso1A2Code(extent.center());
-                   _countryCode = countryCode && countryCode.toLowerCase();
-               }
-
-               input
-                   .on('change', change)
-                   .on('blur', change);
-
-               input
-                   .on('keydown.field', function() {
-                       switch (event.keyCode) {
-                           case 13: // ↩ Return
-                               input.node().blur(); // blurring also enters the value
-                               event.stopPropagation();
-                               break;
-                       }
-                   });
+           if (callback) callback(_comboData);
+         }
 
-               if (isMulti || isSemi) {
-                   combobox
-                       .on('accept', function() {
-                           input.node().blur();
-                           input.node().focus();
-                       });
+         function setTaginfoValues(q, callback) {
+           var fn = _isMulti ? 'multikeys' : 'values';
+           var query = (_isMulti ? field.key : '') + q;
+           var hasCountryPrefix = _isNetwork && _countryCode && _countryCode.indexOf(q.toLowerCase()) === 0;
 
-                   input
-                       .on('focus', function() { container.classed('active', true); });
-               }
+           if (hasCountryPrefix) {
+             query = _countryCode + ':';
            }
 
+           var params = {
+             debounce: q !== '',
+             key: field.key,
+             query: query
+           };
 
-           combo.tags = function(tags) {
-               _tags = tags;
-
-               if (isMulti || isSemi) {
-                   _multiData = [];
-
-                   var maxLength;
-
-                   if (isMulti) {
-                       // Build _multiData array containing keys already set..
-                       for (var k in tags) {
-                           if (k.indexOf(field.key) !== 0) continue;
-                           var v = tags[k];
-                           if (!v || (typeof v === 'string' && v.toLowerCase() === 'no')) continue;
+           if (_entityIDs.length) {
+             params.geometry = context.graph().geometry(_entityIDs[0]);
+           }
 
-                           var suffix = k.substring(field.key.length);
-                           _multiData.push({
-                               key: k,
-                               value: displayValue(suffix),
-                               isMixed: Array.isArray(v)
-                           });
-                       }
+           services.taginfo[fn](params, function (err, data) {
+             if (err) return;
+             data = data.filter(function (d) {
+               if (field.type === 'typeCombo' && d.value === 'yes') {
+                 // don't show the fallback value
+                 return false;
+               } // don't show values with very low usage
 
-                       // Set keys for form-field modified (needed for undo and reset buttons)..
-                       field.keys = _multiData.map(function(d) { return d.key; });
 
-                       // limit the input length so it fits after prepending the key prefix
-                       maxLength = context.maxCharsForTagKey() - utilUnicodeCharsCount(field.key);
+               return !d.count || d.count > 10;
+             });
+             var deprecatedValues = osmEntity.deprecatedTagValuesByKey(_dataDeprecated)[field.key];
 
-                   } else if (isSemi) {
+             if (deprecatedValues) {
+               // don't suggest deprecated tag values
+               data = data.filter(function (d) {
+                 return deprecatedValues.indexOf(d.value) === -1;
+               });
+             }
 
-                       var allValues = [];
-                       var commonValues;
-                       if (Array.isArray(tags[field.key])) {
+             if (hasCountryPrefix) {
+               data = data.filter(function (d) {
+                 return d.value.toLowerCase().indexOf(_countryCode + ':') === 0;
+               });
+             } // hide the caret if there are no suggestions
 
-                           tags[field.key].forEach(function(tagVal) {
-                               var thisVals = utilArrayUniq((tagVal || '').split(';')).filter(Boolean);
-                               allValues = allValues.concat(thisVals);
-                               if (!commonValues) {
-                                   commonValues = thisVals;
-                               } else {
-                                   commonValues = commonValues.filter(value => thisVals.includes(value));
-                               }
-                           });
-                           allValues = utilArrayUniq(allValues).filter(Boolean);
 
-                       } else {
-                           allValues =  utilArrayUniq((tags[field.key] || '').split(';')).filter(Boolean);
-                           commonValues = allValues;
-                       }
+             _container.classed('empty-combobox', data.length === 0);
 
-                       _multiData = allValues.map(function(v) {
-                           return {
-                               key: v,
-                               value: displayValue(v),
-                               isMixed: !commonValues.includes(v)
-                           };
-                       });
+             _comboData = data.map(function (d) {
+               var k = d.value;
+               if (_isMulti) k = k.replace(field.key, '');
+               var label = field.t('options.' + k, {
+                 "default": k
+               });
+               return {
+                 key: k,
+                 value: label,
+                 display: field.t.html('options.' + k, {
+                   "default": k
+                 }),
+                 title: d.title || label,
+                 klass: field.hasTextForStringId('options.' + k) ? '' : 'raw-option'
+               };
+             });
+             _comboData = objectDifference(_comboData, _multiData);
+             if (callback) callback(_comboData);
+           });
+         }
 
-                       var currLength = utilUnicodeCharsCount(commonValues.join(';'));
+         function setPlaceholder(values) {
+           if (_isMulti || _isSemi) {
+             _staticPlaceholder = field.placeholder() || _t('inspector.add');
+           } else {
+             var vals = values.map(function (d) {
+               return d.value;
+             }).filter(function (s) {
+               return s.length < 20;
+             });
+             var placeholders = vals.length > 1 ? vals : values.map(function (d) {
+               return d.key;
+             });
+             _staticPlaceholder = field.placeholder() || placeholders.slice(0, 3).join(', ');
+           }
 
-                       // limit the input length to the remaining available characters
-                       maxLength = context.maxCharsForTagValue() - currLength;
+           if (!/(…|\.\.\.)$/.test(_staticPlaceholder)) {
+             _staticPlaceholder += '…';
+           }
 
-                       if (currLength > 0) {
-                           // account for the separator if a new value will be appended to existing
-                           maxLength -= 1;
-                       }
-                   }
-                   // a negative maxlength doesn't make sense
-                   maxLength = Math.max(0, maxLength);
+           var ph;
 
-                   var allowDragAndDrop = isSemi // only semiCombo values are ordered
-                       && !Array.isArray(tags[field.key]);
+           if (!_isMulti && !_isSemi && _tags && Array.isArray(_tags[field.key])) {
+             ph = _t('inspector.multiple_values');
+           } else {
+             ph = _staticPlaceholder;
+           }
 
-                   // Exclude existing multikeys from combo options..
-                   var available = objectDifference(_comboData, _multiData);
-                   combobox.data(available);
+           _container.selectAll('input').attr('placeholder', ph);
+         }
 
-                   // Hide 'Add' button if this field uses fixed set of
-                   // translateable optstrings and they're all currently used,
-                   // or if the field is already at its character limit
-                   var hideAdd = (optstrings && !available.length) || maxLength <= 0;
-                   container.selectAll('.chiplist .input-wrap')
-                       .style('display', hideAdd ? 'none' : null);
+         function change() {
+           var t = {};
+           var val;
 
+           if (_isMulti || _isSemi) {
+             val = tagValue(utilGetSetValue(_input).replace(/,/g, ';')) || '';
 
-                   // Render chips
-                   var chips = container.selectAll('.chip')
-                       .data(_multiData);
+             _container.classed('active', false);
 
-                   chips.exit()
-                       .remove();
+             utilGetSetValue(_input, '');
+             var vals = val.split(';').filter(Boolean);
+             if (!vals.length) return;
 
-                   var enter = chips.enter()
-                       .insert('li', '.input-wrap')
-                       .attr('class', 'chip');
+             if (_isMulti) {
+               utilArrayUniq(vals).forEach(function (v) {
+                 var key = (field.key || '') + v;
 
-                   enter.append('span');
-                   enter.append('a');
+                 if (_tags) {
+                   // don't set a multicombo value to 'yes' if it already has a non-'no' value
+                   // e.g. `language:de=main`
+                   var old = _tags[key];
+                   if (typeof old === 'string' && old.toLowerCase() !== 'no') return;
+                 }
 
-                   chips = chips.merge(enter)
-                       .order()
-                       .classed('draggable', allowDragAndDrop)
-                       .classed('mixed', function(d) {
-                           return d.isMixed;
-                       })
-                       .attr('title', function(d) {
-                           return d.isMixed ? _t('inspector.unshared_value_tooltip') : null;
-                       });
+                 key = context.cleanTagKey(key);
+                 field.keys.push(key);
+                 t[key] = 'yes';
+               });
+             } else if (_isSemi) {
+               var arr = _multiData.map(function (d) {
+                 return d.key;
+               });
 
-                   if (allowDragAndDrop) {
-                       registerDragAndDrop(chips);
-                   }
+               arr = arr.concat(vals);
+               t[field.key] = context.cleanTagValue(utilArrayUniq(arr).filter(Boolean).join(';'));
+             }
 
-                   chips.select('span')
-                       .text(function(d) { return d.value; });
+             window.setTimeout(function () {
+               _input.node().focus();
+             }, 10);
+           } else {
+             var rawValue = utilGetSetValue(_input); // don't override multiple values with blank string
 
-                   chips.select('a')
-                       .on('click', removeMultikey)
-                       .attr('class', 'remove')
-                       .text('×');
+             if (!rawValue && Array.isArray(_tags[field.key])) return;
+             val = context.cleanTagValue(tagValue(rawValue));
+             t[field.key] = val || undefined;
+           }
 
-               } else {
-                   var isMixed = Array.isArray(tags[field.key]);
+           dispatch.call('change', this, t);
+         }
 
-                   var mixedValues = isMixed && tags[field.key].map(function(val) {
-                       return displayValue(val);
-                   }).filter(Boolean);
+         function removeMultikey(d3_event, d) {
+           d3_event.preventDefault();
+           d3_event.stopPropagation();
+           var t = {};
 
-                   utilGetSetValue(input, !isMixed ? displayValue(tags[field.key]) : '')
-                       .attr('title', isMixed ? mixedValues.join('\n') : undefined)
-                       .attr('placeholder', isMixed ? _t('inspector.multiple_values') : _staticPlaceholder || '')
-                       .classed('mixed', isMixed);
-               }
-           };
+           if (_isMulti) {
+             t[d.key] = undefined;
+           } else if (_isSemi) {
+             var arr = _multiData.map(function (md) {
+               return md.key === d.key ? null : md.key;
+             }).filter(Boolean);
 
-           function registerDragAndDrop(selection) {
+             arr = utilArrayUniq(arr);
+             t[field.key] = arr.length ? arr.join(';') : undefined;
+           }
 
-               // allow drag and drop re-ordering of chips
-               var dragOrigin, targetIndex;
-               selection.call(d3_drag()
-                   .on('start', function() {
-                       dragOrigin = {
-                           x: event.x,
-                           y: event.y
-                       };
-                       targetIndex = null;
-                   })
-                   .on('drag', function(d, index) {
-                       var x = event.x - dragOrigin.x,
-                           y = event.y - dragOrigin.y;
-
-                       if (!select(this).classed('dragging') &&
-                           // don't display drag until dragging beyond a distance threshold
-                           Math.sqrt(Math.pow(x, 2) + Math.pow(y, 2)) <= 5) return;
-
-                       select(this)
-                           .classed('dragging', true);
-
-                       targetIndex = null;
-                       var targetIndexOffsetTop = null;
-                       var draggedTagWidth = select(this).node().offsetWidth;
-
-                       if (field.key === 'destination') { // meaning tags are full width
-                           container.selectAll('.chip')
-                               .style('transform', function(d2, index2) {
-                                   var node = select(this).node();
-
-                                   if (index === index2) {
-                                       return 'translate(' + x + 'px, ' + y + 'px)';
-                                   // move the dragged tag up the order
-                                   } else if (index2 > index && event.y > node.offsetTop) {
-                                       if (targetIndex === null || index2 > targetIndex) {
-                                           targetIndex = index2;
-                                       }
-                                       return 'translateY(-100%)';
-                                   // move the dragged tag down the order
-                                   } else if (index2 < index && event.y < node.offsetTop + node.offsetHeight) {
-                                       if (targetIndex === null || index2 < targetIndex) {
-                                           targetIndex = index2;
-                                       }
-                                       return 'translateY(100%)';
-                                   }
-                                   return null;
-                               });
-                       } else {
-                           container.selectAll('.chip')
-                               .each(function(d2, index2) {
-                                   var node = select(this).node();
-
-                                   // check the cursor is in the bounding box
-                                   if (
-                                       index !== index2 &&
-                                       event.x < node.offsetLeft + node.offsetWidth + 5 &&
-                                       event.x > node.offsetLeft &&
-                                       event.y < node.offsetTop + node.offsetHeight &&
-                                       event.y > node.offsetTop
-                                   ) {
-                                       targetIndex = index2;
-                                       targetIndexOffsetTop = node.offsetTop;
-                                   }
-                               })
-                               .style('transform', function(d2, index2) {
-                                   var node = select(this).node();
-
-                                   if (index === index2) {
-                                       return 'translate(' + x + 'px, ' + y + 'px)';
-                                   }
-
-                                   // only translate tags in the same row
-                                   if (node.offsetTop === targetIndexOffsetTop) {
-                                       if (index2 < index && index2 >= targetIndex) {
-                                           return 'translateX(' + draggedTagWidth + 'px)';
-                                       } else if (index2 > index && index2 <= targetIndex) {
-                                           return 'translateX(-' + draggedTagWidth + 'px)';
-                                       }
-                                   }
-                                   return null;
-                               });
-                           }
-                   })
-                   .on('end', function(d, index) {
-                       if (!select(this).classed('dragging')) {
-                           return;
-                       }
+           dispatch.call('change', this, t);
+         }
 
-                       select(this)
-                           .classed('dragging', false);
+         function combo(selection) {
+           _container = selection.selectAll('.form-field-input-wrap').data([0]);
+           var type = _isMulti || _isSemi ? 'multicombo' : 'combo';
+           _container = _container.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'form-field-input-wrap form-field-input-' + type).merge(_container);
 
-                       container.selectAll('.chip')
-                           .style('transform', null);
+           if (_isMulti || _isSemi) {
+             _container = _container.selectAll('.chiplist').data([0]);
+             var listClass = 'chiplist'; // Use a separate line for each value in the Destinations and Via fields
+             // to mimic highway exit signs
 
-                       if (typeof targetIndex === 'number') {
-                           var element = _multiData[index];
-                           _multiData.splice(index, 1);
-                           _multiData.splice(targetIndex, 0, element);
+             if (field.key === 'destination' || field.key === 'via') {
+               listClass += ' full-line-chips';
+             }
 
-                           var t = {};
+             _container = _container.enter().append('ul').attr('class', listClass).on('click', function () {
+               window.setTimeout(function () {
+                 _input.node().focus();
+               }, 10);
+             }).merge(_container);
+             _inputWrap = _container.selectAll('.input-wrap').data([0]);
+             _inputWrap = _inputWrap.enter().append('li').attr('class', 'input-wrap').merge(_inputWrap);
+             _input = _inputWrap.selectAll('input').data([0]);
+           } else {
+             _input = _container.selectAll('input').data([0]);
+           }
 
-                           if (_multiData.length) {
-                               t[field.key] = _multiData.map(function(element) {
-                                   return element.key;
-                               }).join(';');
-                           } else {
-                               t[field.key] = undefined;
-                           }
+           _input = _input.enter().append('input').attr('type', 'text').attr('id', field.domId).call(utilNoAuto).call(initCombo, selection).merge(_input);
 
-                           dispatch$1.call('change', this, t);
-                       }
-                       dragOrigin = undefined;
-                       targetIndex = undefined;
-                   })
-               );
+           if (_isNetwork) {
+             var extent = combinedEntityExtent();
+             var countryCode = extent && iso1A2Code(extent.center());
+             _countryCode = countryCode && countryCode.toLowerCase();
            }
 
+           _input.on('change', change).on('blur', change);
 
-           combo.focus = function() {
-               input.node().focus();
-           };
+           _input.on('keydown.field', function (d3_event) {
+             switch (d3_event.keyCode) {
+               case 13:
+                 // ↩ Return
+                 _input.node().blur(); // blurring also enters the value
 
 
-           combo.entityIDs = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _entityIDs;
-               _entityIDs = val;
-               return combo;
-           };
+                 d3_event.stopPropagation();
+                 break;
+             }
+           });
 
+           if (_isMulti || _isSemi) {
+             _combobox.on('accept', function () {
+               _input.node().blur();
 
-           function combinedEntityExtent() {
-               return _entityIDs && _entityIDs.length && utilTotalExtent(_entityIDs, context.graph());
-           }
+               _input.node().focus();
+             });
 
+             _input.on('focus', function () {
+               _container.classed('active', true);
+             });
+           }
+         }
 
-           return utilRebind(combo, dispatch$1, 'on');
-       }
+         combo.tags = function (tags) {
+           _tags = tags;
 
-       function uiFieldText(field, context) {
-           var dispatch$1 = dispatch('change');
-           var input = select(null);
-           var outlinkButton = select(null);
-           var _entityIDs = [];
-           var _tags;
-           var _phoneFormats = {};
+           if (_isMulti || _isSemi) {
+             _multiData = [];
+             var maxLength;
 
-           if (field.type === 'tel') {
-               _mainFileFetcher.get('phone_formats')
-                   .then(function(d) {
-                       _phoneFormats = d;
-                       updatePhonePlaceholder();
-                   })
-                   .catch(function() { /* ignore */ });
-           }
+             if (_isMulti) {
+               // Build _multiData array containing keys already set..
+               for (var k in tags) {
+                 if (field.key && k.indexOf(field.key) !== 0) continue;
+                 if (!field.key && field.keys.indexOf(k) === -1) continue;
+                 var v = tags[k];
+                 if (!v || typeof v === 'string' && v.toLowerCase() === 'no') continue;
+                 var suffix = field.key ? k.substr(field.key.length) : k;
+
+                 _multiData.push({
+                   key: k,
+                   value: displayValue(suffix),
+                   isMixed: Array.isArray(v)
+                 });
+               }
 
-           function i(selection) {
-               var entity = _entityIDs.length && context.hasEntity(_entityIDs[0]);
-               var preset = entity && _mainPresetIndex.match(entity, context.graph());
-               var isLocked = preset && preset.suggestion && field.id === 'brand';
-               field.locked(isLocked);
+               if (field.key) {
+                 // Set keys for form-field modified (needed for undo and reset buttons)..
+                 field.keys = _multiData.map(function (d) {
+                   return d.key;
+                 }); // limit the input length so it fits after prepending the key prefix
 
-               var wrap = selection.selectAll('.form-field-input-wrap')
-                   .data([0]);
+                 maxLength = context.maxCharsForTagKey() - utilUnicodeCharsCount(field.key);
+               } else {
+                 maxLength = context.maxCharsForTagKey();
+               }
+             } else if (_isSemi) {
+               var allValues = [];
+               var commonValues;
 
-               wrap = wrap.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'form-field-input-wrap form-field-input-' + field.type)
-                   .merge(wrap);
+               if (Array.isArray(tags[field.key])) {
+                 tags[field.key].forEach(function (tagVal) {
+                   var thisVals = utilArrayUniq((tagVal || '').split(';')).filter(Boolean);
+                   allValues = allValues.concat(thisVals);
 
-               input = wrap.selectAll('input')
-                   .data([0]);
+                   if (!commonValues) {
+                     commonValues = thisVals;
+                   } else {
+                     commonValues = commonValues.filter(function (value) {
+                       return thisVals.includes(value);
+                     });
+                   }
+                 });
+                 allValues = utilArrayUniq(allValues).filter(Boolean);
+               } else {
+                 allValues = utilArrayUniq((tags[field.key] || '').split(';')).filter(Boolean);
+                 commonValues = allValues;
+               }
 
-               input = input.enter()
-                   .append('input')
-                   .attr('type', field.type === 'identifier' ? 'text' : field.type)
-                   .attr('id', field.domId)
-                   .classed(field.type, true)
-                   .call(utilNoAuto)
-                   .merge(input);
+               _multiData = allValues.map(function (v) {
+                 return {
+                   key: v,
+                   value: displayValue(v),
+                   isMixed: !commonValues.includes(v)
+                 };
+               });
+               var currLength = utilUnicodeCharsCount(commonValues.join(';')); // limit the input length to the remaining available characters
 
-               input
-                   .classed('disabled', !!isLocked)
-                   .attr('readonly', isLocked || null)
-                   .on('input', change(true))
-                   .on('blur', change())
-                   .on('change', change());
+               maxLength = context.maxCharsForTagValue() - currLength;
 
+               if (currLength > 0) {
+                 // account for the separator if a new value will be appended to existing
+                 maxLength -= 1;
+               }
+             } // a negative maxlength doesn't make sense
 
-               if (field.type === 'tel') {
-                   updatePhonePlaceholder();
 
-               } else if (field.type === 'number') {
-                   var rtl = (_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl');
+             maxLength = Math.max(0, maxLength);
+             var allowDragAndDrop = _isSemi // only semiCombo values are ordered
+             && !Array.isArray(tags[field.key]); // Exclude existing multikeys from combo options..
 
-                   input.attr('type', 'text');
+             var available = objectDifference(_comboData, _multiData);
 
-                   var buttons = wrap.selectAll('.increment, .decrement')
-                       .data(rtl ? [1, -1] : [-1, 1]);
+             _combobox.data(available); // Hide 'Add' button if this field uses fixed set of
+             // options and they're all currently used,
+             // or if the field is already at its character limit
 
-                   buttons.enter()
-                       .append('button')
-                       .attr('tabindex', -1)
-                       .attr('class', function(d) {
-                           var which = (d === 1 ? 'increment' : 'decrement');
-                           return 'form-field-button ' + which;
-                       })
-                       .merge(buttons)
-                       .on('click', function(d) {
-                           event.preventDefault();
-                           var raw_vals = input.node().value || '0';
-                           var vals = raw_vals.split(';');
-                           vals = vals.map(function(v) {
-                               var num = parseFloat(v.trim(), 10);
-                               return isFinite(num) ? clamped(num + d) : v.trim();
-                           });
-                           input.node().value = vals.join(';');
-                           change()();
-                       });
-               } else if (field.type === 'identifier' && field.urlFormat && field.pattern) {
 
-                   input.attr('type', 'text');
+             var hideAdd = !_allowCustomValues && !available.length || maxLength <= 0;
 
-                   outlinkButton = wrap.selectAll('.foreign-id-permalink')
-                       .data([0]);
+             _container.selectAll('.chiplist .input-wrap').style('display', hideAdd ? 'none' : null); // Render chips
 
-                   outlinkButton.enter()
-                       .append('button')
-                       .attr('tabindex', -1)
-                       .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-out-link'))
-                       .attr('class', 'form-field-button foreign-id-permalink')
-                       .attr('title', function() {
-                           var domainResults = /^https?:\/\/(.{1,}?)\//.exec(field.urlFormat);
-                           if (domainResults.length >= 2 && domainResults[1]) {
-                               var domain = domainResults[1];
-                               return _t('icons.view_on', { domain: domain });
-                           }
-                           return '';
-                       })
-                       .on('click', function() {
-                           event.preventDefault();
 
-                           var value = validIdentifierValueForLink();
-                           if (value) {
-                               var url = field.urlFormat.replace(/{value}/, encodeURIComponent(value));
-                               window.open(url, '_blank');
-                           }
-                       })
-                       .merge(outlinkButton);
-               }
-           }
+             var chips = _container.selectAll('.chip').data(_multiData);
 
+             chips.exit().remove();
+             var enter = chips.enter().insert('li', '.input-wrap').attr('class', 'chip');
+             enter.append('span');
+             enter.append('a');
+             chips = chips.merge(enter).order().classed('raw-value', function (d) {
+               var k = d.key;
+               if (_isMulti) k = k.replace(field.key, '');
+               return !field.hasTextForStringId('options.' + k);
+             }).classed('draggable', allowDragAndDrop).classed('mixed', function (d) {
+               return d.isMixed;
+             }).attr('title', function (d) {
+               return d.isMixed ? _t('inspector.unshared_value_tooltip') : null;
+             });
 
-           function updatePhonePlaceholder() {
-               if (input.empty() || !Object.keys(_phoneFormats).length) return;
+             if (allowDragAndDrop) {
+               registerDragAndDrop(chips);
+             }
 
-               var extent = combinedEntityExtent();
-               var countryCode = extent && iso1A2Code(extent.center());
-               var format = countryCode && _phoneFormats[countryCode.toLowerCase()];
-               if (format) input.attr('placeholder', format);
+             chips.select('span').html(function (d) {
+               return d.value;
+             });
+             chips.select('a').attr('href', '#').on('click', removeMultikey).attr('class', 'remove').html('×');
+           } else {
+             var isMixed = Array.isArray(tags[field.key]);
+             var mixedValues = isMixed && tags[field.key].map(function (val) {
+               return displayValue(val);
+             }).filter(Boolean);
+             var showsValue = !isMixed && tags[field.key] && !(field.type === 'typeCombo' && tags[field.key] === 'yes');
+             var isRawValue = showsValue && !field.hasTextForStringId('options.' + tags[field.key]);
+             var isKnownValue = showsValue && !isRawValue;
+             var isReadOnly = !_allowCustomValues || isKnownValue;
+             utilGetSetValue(_input, !isMixed ? displayValue(tags[field.key]) : '').classed('raw-value', isRawValue).classed('known-value', isKnownValue).attr('readonly', isReadOnly ? 'readonly' : undefined).attr('title', isMixed ? mixedValues.join('\n') : undefined).attr('placeholder', isMixed ? _t('inspector.multiple_values') : _staticPlaceholder || '').classed('mixed', isMixed).on('keydown.deleteCapture', function (d3_event) {
+               if (isReadOnly && isKnownValue && (d3_event.keyCode === utilKeybinding.keyCodes['⌫'] || d3_event.keyCode === utilKeybinding.keyCodes['⌦'])) {
+                 d3_event.preventDefault();
+                 d3_event.stopPropagation();
+                 var t = {};
+                 t[field.key] = undefined;
+                 dispatch.call('change', this, t);
+               }
+             });
            }
+         };
 
+         function registerDragAndDrop(selection) {
+           // allow drag and drop re-ordering of chips
+           var dragOrigin, targetIndex;
+           selection.call(d3_drag().on('start', function (d3_event) {
+             dragOrigin = {
+               x: d3_event.x,
+               y: d3_event.y
+             };
+             targetIndex = null;
+           }).on('drag', function (d3_event) {
+             var x = d3_event.x - dragOrigin.x,
+                 y = d3_event.y - dragOrigin.y;
+             if (!select(this).classed('dragging') && // don't display drag until dragging beyond a distance threshold
+             Math.sqrt(Math.pow(x, 2) + Math.pow(y, 2)) <= 5) return;
+             var index = selection.nodes().indexOf(this);
+             select(this).classed('dragging', true);
+             targetIndex = null;
+             var targetIndexOffsetTop = null;
+             var draggedTagWidth = select(this).node().offsetWidth;
+
+             if (field.key === 'destination' || field.key === 'via') {
+               // meaning tags are full width
+               _container.selectAll('.chip').style('transform', function (d2, index2) {
+                 var node = select(this).node();
+
+                 if (index === index2) {
+                   return 'translate(' + x + 'px, ' + y + 'px)'; // move the dragged tag up the order
+                 } else if (index2 > index && d3_event.y > node.offsetTop) {
+                   if (targetIndex === null || index2 > targetIndex) {
+                     targetIndex = index2;
+                   }
+
+                   return 'translateY(-100%)'; // move the dragged tag down the order
+                 } else if (index2 < index && d3_event.y < node.offsetTop + node.offsetHeight) {
+                   if (targetIndex === null || index2 < targetIndex) {
+                     targetIndex = index2;
+                   }
+
+                   return 'translateY(100%)';
+                 }
 
-           function validIdentifierValueForLink() {
-               if (field.type === 'identifier' && field.pattern) {
-                   var value = utilGetSetValue(input).trim().split(';')[0];
-                   return value && value.match(new RegExp(field.pattern));
-               }
-               return null;
-           }
+                 return null;
+               });
+             } else {
+               _container.selectAll('.chip').each(function (d2, index2) {
+                 var node = select(this).node(); // check the cursor is in the bounding box
 
+                 if (index !== index2 && d3_event.x < node.offsetLeft + node.offsetWidth + 5 && d3_event.x > node.offsetLeft && d3_event.y < node.offsetTop + node.offsetHeight && d3_event.y > node.offsetTop) {
+                   targetIndex = index2;
+                   targetIndexOffsetTop = node.offsetTop;
+                 }
+               }).style('transform', function (d2, index2) {
+                 var node = select(this).node();
 
-           // clamp number to min/max
-           function clamped(num) {
-               if (field.minValue !== undefined) {
-                   num = Math.max(num, field.minValue);
-               }
-               if (field.maxValue !== undefined) {
-                   num = Math.min(num, field.maxValue);
-               }
-               return num;
-           }
+                 if (index === index2) {
+                   return 'translate(' + x + 'px, ' + y + 'px)';
+                 } // only translate tags in the same row
 
 
-           function change(onInput) {
-               return function() {
-                   var t = {};
-                   var val = utilGetSetValue(input);
-                   if (!onInput) val = context.cleanTagValue(val);
-
-                   // don't override multiple values with blank string
-                   if (!val && Array.isArray(_tags[field.key])) return;
-
-                   if (!onInput) {
-                       if (field.type === 'number' && val) {
-                           var vals = val.split(';');
-                           vals = vals.map(function(v) {
-                               var num = parseFloat(v.trim(), 10);
-                               return isFinite(num) ? clamped(num) : v.trim();
-                           });
-                           val = vals.join(';');
-                       }
-                       utilGetSetValue(input, val);
+                 if (node.offsetTop === targetIndexOffsetTop) {
+                   if (index2 < index && index2 >= targetIndex) {
+                     return 'translateX(' + draggedTagWidth + 'px)';
+                   } else if (index2 > index && index2 <= targetIndex) {
+                     return 'translateX(-' + draggedTagWidth + 'px)';
                    }
-                   t[field.key] = val || undefined;
-                   dispatch$1.call('change', this, t, onInput);
-               };
-           }
+                 }
+
+                 return null;
+               });
+             }
+           }).on('end', function () {
+             if (!select(this).classed('dragging')) {
+               return;
+             }
 
+             var index = selection.nodes().indexOf(this);
+             select(this).classed('dragging', false);
 
-           i.entityIDs = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _entityIDs;
-               _entityIDs = val;
-               return i;
-           };
+             _container.selectAll('.chip').style('transform', null);
 
+             if (typeof targetIndex === 'number') {
+               var element = _multiData[index];
 
-           i.tags = function(tags) {
-               _tags = tags;
+               _multiData.splice(index, 1);
 
-               var isMixed = Array.isArray(tags[field.key]);
+               _multiData.splice(targetIndex, 0, element);
 
-               utilGetSetValue(input, !isMixed && tags[field.key] ? tags[field.key] : '')
-                   .attr('title', isMixed ? tags[field.key].filter(Boolean).join('\n') : undefined)
-                   .attr('placeholder', isMixed ? _t('inspector.multiple_values') : (field.placeholder() || _t('inspector.unknown')))
-                   .classed('mixed', isMixed);
+               var t = {};
 
-               if (outlinkButton && !outlinkButton.empty()) {
-                   var disabled = !validIdentifierValueForLink();
-                   outlinkButton.classed('disabled', disabled);
+               if (_multiData.length) {
+                 t[field.key] = _multiData.map(function (element) {
+                   return element.key;
+                 }).join(';');
+               } else {
+                 t[field.key] = undefined;
                }
-           };
 
+               dispatch.call('change', this, t);
+             }
 
-           i.focus = function() {
-               var node = input.node();
-               if (node) node.focus();
-           };
+             dragOrigin = undefined;
+             targetIndex = undefined;
+           }));
+         }
 
-           function combinedEntityExtent() {
-               return _entityIDs && _entityIDs.length && utilTotalExtent(_entityIDs, context.graph());
-           }
+         combo.focus = function () {
+           _input.node().focus();
+         };
+
+         combo.entityIDs = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _entityIDs;
+           _entityIDs = val;
+           return combo;
+         };
+
+         function combinedEntityExtent() {
+           return _entityIDs && _entityIDs.length && utilTotalExtent(_entityIDs, context.graph());
+         }
 
-           return utilRebind(i, dispatch$1, 'on');
+         return utilRebind(combo, dispatch, 'on');
        }
 
-       function uiFieldAccess(field, context) {
-           var dispatch$1 = dispatch('change');
-           var items = select(null);
-           var _tags;
+       function uiFieldText(field, context) {
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('change');
+         var input = select(null);
+         var outlinkButton = select(null);
+         var _entityIDs = [];
 
-           function access(selection) {
-               var wrap = selection.selectAll('.form-field-input-wrap')
-                   .data([0]);
+         var _tags;
 
-               wrap = wrap.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'form-field-input-wrap form-field-input-' + field.type)
-                   .merge(wrap);
+         var _phoneFormats = {};
 
-               var list = wrap.selectAll('ul')
-                   .data([0]);
+         if (field.type === 'tel') {
+           _mainFileFetcher.get('phone_formats').then(function (d) {
+             _phoneFormats = d;
+             updatePhonePlaceholder();
+           })["catch"](function () {
+             /* ignore */
+           });
+         }
 
-               list = list.enter()
-                   .append('ul')
-                   .attr('class', 'rows')
-                   .merge(list);
+         function calcLocked() {
+           // Protect certain fields that have a companion `*:wikidata` value
+           var isLocked = (field.id === 'brand' || field.id === 'network' || field.id === 'operator' || field.id === 'flag') && _entityIDs.length && _entityIDs.some(function (entityID) {
+             var entity = context.graph().hasEntity(entityID);
+             if (!entity) return false; // Features linked to Wikidata are likely important and should be protected
 
+             if (entity.tags.wikidata) return true;
+             var preset = _mainPresetIndex.match(entity, context.graph());
+             var isSuggestion = preset && preset.suggestion; // Lock the field if there is a value and a companion `*:wikidata` value
 
-               items = list.selectAll('li')
-                   .data(field.keys);
+             var which = field.id; // 'brand', 'network', 'operator', 'flag'
 
-               // Enter
-               var enter = items.enter()
-                   .append('li')
-                   .attr('class', function(d) { return 'labeled-input preset-access-' + d; });
+             return isSuggestion && !!entity.tags[which] && !!entity.tags[which + ':wikidata'];
+           });
 
-               enter
-                   .append('span')
-                   .attr('class', 'label preset-label-access')
-                   .attr('for', function(d) { return 'preset-input-access-' + d; })
-                   .text(function(d) { return field.t('types.' + d); });
+           field.locked(isLocked);
+         }
 
-               enter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'preset-input-access-wrap')
-                   .append('input')
-                   .attr('type', 'text')
-                   .attr('class', function(d) { return 'preset-input-access preset-input-access-' + d; })
-                   .call(utilNoAuto)
-                   .each(function(d) {
-                       select(this)
-                           .call(uiCombobox(context, 'access-' + d)
-                               .data(access.options(d))
-                           );
-                   });
+         function i(selection) {
+           calcLocked();
+           var isLocked = field.locked();
+           var wrap = selection.selectAll('.form-field-input-wrap').data([0]);
+           wrap = wrap.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'form-field-input-wrap form-field-input-' + field.type).merge(wrap);
+           input = wrap.selectAll('input').data([0]);
+           input = input.enter().append('input').attr('type', field.type === 'identifier' || field.type === 'roadheight' ? 'text' : field.type).attr('id', field.domId).classed(field.type, true).call(utilNoAuto).merge(input);
+           input.classed('disabled', !!isLocked).attr('readonly', isLocked || null).on('input', change(true)).on('blur', change()).on('change', change());
 
+           if (field.type === 'tel') {
+             updatePhonePlaceholder();
+           } else if (field.type === 'number') {
+             var rtl = _mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl';
+             input.attr('type', 'text');
+             var inc = field.increment;
+             var buttons = wrap.selectAll('.increment, .decrement').data(rtl ? [inc, -inc] : [-inc, inc]);
+             buttons.enter().append('button').attr('class', function (d) {
+               var which = d > 0 ? 'increment' : 'decrement';
+               return 'form-field-button ' + which;
+             }).merge(buttons).on('click', function (d3_event, d) {
+               d3_event.preventDefault();
+               var raw_vals = input.node().value || '0';
+               var vals = raw_vals.split(';');
+               vals = vals.map(function (v) {
+                 var num = parseFloat(v.trim(), 10);
+                 return isFinite(num) ? clamped(num + d) : v.trim();
+               });
+               input.node().value = vals.join(';');
+               change()();
+             });
+           } else if (field.type === 'identifier' && field.urlFormat && field.pattern) {
+             input.attr('type', 'text');
+             outlinkButton = wrap.selectAll('.foreign-id-permalink').data([0]);
+             outlinkButton.enter().append('button').call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-out-link')).attr('class', 'form-field-button foreign-id-permalink').attr('title', function () {
+               var domainResults = /^https?:\/\/(.{1,}?)\//.exec(field.urlFormat);
+
+               if (domainResults.length >= 2 && domainResults[1]) {
+                 var domain = domainResults[1];
+                 return _t('icons.view_on', {
+                   domain: domain
+                 });
+               }
 
-               // Update
-               items = items.merge(enter);
+               return '';
+             }).on('click', function (d3_event) {
+               d3_event.preventDefault();
+               var value = validIdentifierValueForLink();
 
-               wrap.selectAll('.preset-input-access')
-                   .on('change', change)
-                   .on('blur', change);
+               if (value) {
+                 var url = field.urlFormat.replace(/{value}/, encodeURIComponent(value));
+                 window.open(url, '_blank');
+               }
+             }).merge(outlinkButton);
            }
+         }
 
+         function updatePhonePlaceholder() {
+           if (input.empty() || !Object.keys(_phoneFormats).length) return;
+           var extent = combinedEntityExtent();
+           var countryCode = extent && iso1A2Code(extent.center());
 
-           function change(d) {
-               var tag = {};
-               var value = context.cleanTagValue(utilGetSetValue(select(this)));
+           var format = countryCode && _phoneFormats[countryCode.toLowerCase()];
 
-               // don't override multiple values with blank string
-               if (!value && typeof _tags[d] !== 'string') return;
+           if (format) input.attr('placeholder', format);
+         }
 
-               tag[d] = value || undefined;
-               dispatch$1.call('change', this, tag);
+         function validIdentifierValueForLink() {
+           if (field.type === 'identifier' && field.pattern) {
+             var value = utilGetSetValue(input).trim().split(';')[0];
+             return value && value.match(new RegExp(field.pattern));
            }
 
+           return null;
+         } // clamp number to min/max
 
-           access.options = function(type) {
-               var options = ['no', 'permissive', 'private', 'permit', 'destination'];
 
-               if (type !== 'access') {
-                   options.unshift('yes');
-                   options.push('designated');
+         function clamped(num) {
+           if (field.minValue !== undefined) {
+             num = Math.max(num, field.minValue);
+           }
 
-                   if (type === 'bicycle') {
-                       options.push('dismount');
-                   }
-               }
+           if (field.maxValue !== undefined) {
+             num = Math.min(num, field.maxValue);
+           }
 
-               return options.map(function(option) {
-                   return {
-                       title: field.t('options.' + option + '.description'),
-                       value: option
-                   };
-               });
-           };
+           return num;
+         }
 
+         function change(onInput) {
+           return function () {
+             var t = {};
+             var val = utilGetSetValue(input);
+             if (!onInput) val = context.cleanTagValue(val); // don't override multiple values with blank string
 
-           var placeholdersByHighway = {
-               footway: {
-                   foot: 'designated',
-                   motor_vehicle: 'no'
-               },
-               steps: {
-                   foot: 'yes',
-                   motor_vehicle: 'no',
-                   bicycle: 'no',
-                   horse: 'no'
-               },
-               pedestrian: {
-                   foot: 'yes',
-                   motor_vehicle: 'no'
-               },
-               cycleway: {
-                   motor_vehicle: 'no',
-                   bicycle: 'designated'
-               },
-               bridleway: {
-                   motor_vehicle: 'no',
-                   horse: 'designated'
-               },
-               path: {
-                   foot: 'yes',
-                   motor_vehicle: 'no',
-                   bicycle: 'yes',
-                   horse: 'yes'
-               },
-               motorway: {
-                   foot: 'no',
-                   motor_vehicle: 'yes',
-                   bicycle: 'no',
-                   horse: 'no'
-               },
-               trunk: {
-                   motor_vehicle: 'yes'
-               },
-               primary: {
-                   foot: 'yes',
-                   motor_vehicle: 'yes',
-                   bicycle: 'yes',
-                   horse: 'yes'
-               },
-               secondary: {
-                   foot: 'yes',
-                   motor_vehicle: 'yes',
-                   bicycle: 'yes',
-                   horse: 'yes'
-               },
-               tertiary: {
-                   foot: 'yes',
-                   motor_vehicle: 'yes',
-                   bicycle: 'yes',
-                   horse: 'yes'
-               },
-               residential: {
-                   foot: 'yes',
-                   motor_vehicle: 'yes',
-                   bicycle: 'yes',
-                   horse: 'yes'
-               },
-               unclassified: {
-                   foot: 'yes',
-                   motor_vehicle: 'yes',
-                   bicycle: 'yes',
-                   horse: 'yes'
-               },
-               service: {
-                   foot: 'yes',
-                   motor_vehicle: 'yes',
-                   bicycle: 'yes',
-                   horse: 'yes'
-               },
-               motorway_link: {
-                   foot: 'no',
-                   motor_vehicle: 'yes',
-                   bicycle: 'no',
-                   horse: 'no'
-               },
-               trunk_link: {
-                   motor_vehicle: 'yes'
-               },
-               primary_link: {
-                   foot: 'yes',
-                   motor_vehicle: 'yes',
-                   bicycle: 'yes',
-                   horse: 'yes'
-               },
-               secondary_link: {
-                   foot: 'yes',
-                   motor_vehicle: 'yes',
-                   bicycle: 'yes',
-                   horse: 'yes'
-               },
-               tertiary_link: {
-                   foot: 'yes',
-                   motor_vehicle: 'yes',
-                   bicycle: 'yes',
-                   horse: 'yes'
-               }
-           };
+             if (!val && Array.isArray(_tags[field.key])) return;
 
+             if (!onInput) {
+               if (field.type === 'number' && val) {
+                 var vals = val.split(';');
+                 vals = vals.map(function (v) {
+                   var num = parseFloat(v.trim(), 10);
+                   return isFinite(num) ? clamped(num) : v.trim();
+                 });
+                 val = vals.join(';');
+               }
 
-           access.tags = function(tags) {
-               _tags = tags;
-
-               utilGetSetValue(items.selectAll('.preset-input-access'), function(d) {
-                       return typeof tags[d] === 'string' ? tags[d] : '';
-                   })
-                   .classed('mixed', function(d) {
-                       return tags[d] && Array.isArray(tags[d]);
-                   })
-                   .attr('title', function(d) {
-                       return tags[d] && Array.isArray(tags[d]) && tags[d].filter(Boolean).join('\n');
-                   })
-                   .attr('placeholder', function(d) {
-                       if (tags[d] && Array.isArray(tags[d])) {
-                           return _t('inspector.multiple_values');
-                       }
-                       if (d === 'access') {
-                           return 'yes';
-                       }
-                       if (tags.access && typeof tags.access === 'string') {
-                           return tags.access;
-                       }
-                       if (tags.highway) {
-                           if (typeof tags.highway === 'string') {
-                               if (placeholdersByHighway[tags.highway] &&
-                                   placeholdersByHighway[tags.highway][d]) {
+               utilGetSetValue(input, val);
+             }
 
-                                   return placeholdersByHighway[tags.highway][d];
-                               }
-                           } else {
-                               var impliedAccesses = tags.highway.filter(Boolean).map(function(highwayVal) {
-                                   return placeholdersByHighway[highwayVal] && placeholdersByHighway[highwayVal][d];
-                               }).filter(Boolean);
-
-                               if (impliedAccesses.length === tags.highway.length &&
-                                   new Set(impliedAccesses).size === 1) {
-                                   // if all the highway values have the same implied access for this type then use that
-                                   return impliedAccesses[0];
-                               }
-                           }
-                       }
-                       return field.placeholder();
-                   });
+             t[field.key] = val || undefined;
+             dispatch.call('change', this, t, onInput);
            };
+         }
 
+         i.entityIDs = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _entityIDs;
+           _entityIDs = val;
+           return i;
+         };
 
-           access.focus = function() {
-               items.selectAll('.preset-input-access')
-                   .node().focus();
-           };
+         i.tags = function (tags) {
+           _tags = tags;
+           var isMixed = Array.isArray(tags[field.key]);
+           utilGetSetValue(input, !isMixed && tags[field.key] ? tags[field.key] : '').attr('title', isMixed ? tags[field.key].filter(Boolean).join('\n') : undefined).attr('placeholder', isMixed ? _t('inspector.multiple_values') : field.placeholder() || _t('inspector.unknown')).classed('mixed', isMixed);
 
+           if (outlinkButton && !outlinkButton.empty()) {
+             var disabled = !validIdentifierValueForLink();
+             outlinkButton.classed('disabled', disabled);
+           }
+         };
 
-           return utilRebind(access, dispatch$1, 'on');
-       }
+         i.focus = function () {
+           var node = input.node();
+           if (node) node.focus();
+         };
 
-       function uiFieldAddress(field, context) {
-           var dispatch$1 = dispatch('change');
-           var _selection = select(null);
-           var _wrap = select(null);
-           var addrField = _mainPresetIndex.field('address');   // needed for placeholder strings
-
-           var _entityIDs = [];
-           var _tags;
-           var _countryCode;
-           var _addressFormats = [{
-               format: [
-                   ['housenumber', 'street'],
-                   ['city', 'postcode']
-               ]
-             }];
+         function combinedEntityExtent() {
+           return _entityIDs && _entityIDs.length && utilTotalExtent(_entityIDs, context.graph());
+         }
 
-           _mainFileFetcher.get('address_formats')
-               .then(function(d) {
-                   _addressFormats = d;
-                   if (!_selection.empty()) {
-                       _selection.call(address);
-                   }
-               })
-               .catch(function() { /* ignore */ });
-
-
-           function getNearStreets() {
-               var extent = combinedEntityExtent();
-               var l = extent.center();
-               var box = geoExtent(l).padByMeters(200);
-
-               var streets = context.history().intersects(box)
-                   .filter(isAddressable)
-                   .map(function(d) {
-                       var loc = context.projection([
-                           (extent[0][0] + extent[1][0]) / 2,
-                           (extent[0][1] + extent[1][1]) / 2
-                       ]);
-                       var choice = geoChooseEdge(context.graph().childNodes(d), loc, context.projection);
-
-                       return {
-                           title: d.tags.name,
-                           value: d.tags.name,
-                           dist: choice.distance
-                       };
-                   })
-                   .sort(function(a, b) {
-                       return a.dist - b.dist;
-                   });
+         return utilRebind(i, dispatch, 'on');
+       }
 
-               return utilArrayUniqBy(streets, 'value');
+       function uiFieldAccess(field, context) {
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('change');
+         var items = select(null);
 
-               function isAddressable(d) {
-                   return d.tags.highway && d.tags.name && d.type === 'way';
-               }
-           }
+         var _tags;
 
+         function access(selection) {
+           var wrap = selection.selectAll('.form-field-input-wrap').data([0]);
+           wrap = wrap.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'form-field-input-wrap form-field-input-' + field.type).merge(wrap);
+           var list = wrap.selectAll('ul').data([0]);
+           list = list.enter().append('ul').attr('class', 'rows').merge(list);
+           items = list.selectAll('li').data(field.keys); // Enter
 
-           function getNearCities() {
-               var extent = combinedEntityExtent();
-               var l = extent.center();
-               var box = geoExtent(l).padByMeters(200);
+           var enter = items.enter().append('li').attr('class', function (d) {
+             return 'labeled-input preset-access-' + d;
+           });
+           enter.append('span').attr('class', 'label preset-label-access').attr('for', function (d) {
+             return 'preset-input-access-' + d;
+           }).html(function (d) {
+             return field.t.html('types.' + d);
+           });
+           enter.append('div').attr('class', 'preset-input-access-wrap').append('input').attr('type', 'text').attr('class', function (d) {
+             return 'preset-input-access preset-input-access-' + d;
+           }).call(utilNoAuto).each(function (d) {
+             select(this).call(uiCombobox(context, 'access-' + d).data(access.options(d)));
+           }); // Update
 
-               var cities = context.history().intersects(box)
-                   .filter(isAddressable)
-                   .map(function(d) {
-                       return {
-                           title: d.tags['addr:city'] || d.tags.name,
-                           value: d.tags['addr:city'] || d.tags.name,
-                           dist: geoSphericalDistance(d.extent(context.graph()).center(), l)
-                       };
-                   })
-                   .sort(function(a, b) {
-                       return a.dist - b.dist;
-                   });
+           items = items.merge(enter);
+           wrap.selectAll('.preset-input-access').on('change', change).on('blur', change);
+         }
 
-               return utilArrayUniqBy(cities, 'value');
+         function change(d3_event, d) {
+           var tag = {};
+           var value = context.cleanTagValue(utilGetSetValue(select(this))); // don't override multiple values with blank string
 
+           if (!value && typeof _tags[d] !== 'string') return;
+           tag[d] = value || undefined;
+           dispatch.call('change', this, tag);
+         }
 
-               function isAddressable(d) {
-                   if (d.tags.name) {
-                       if (d.tags.admin_level === '8' && d.tags.boundary === 'administrative')
-                           return true;
-                       if (d.tags.border_type === 'city')
-                           return true;
-                       if (d.tags.place === 'city' || d.tags.place === 'town' || d.tags.place === 'village')
-                           return true;
-                   }
+         access.options = function (type) {
+           var options = ['no', 'permissive', 'private', 'permit', 'destination'];
 
-                   if (d.tags['addr:city'])
-                       return true;
+           if (type !== 'access') {
+             options.unshift('yes');
+             options.push('designated');
 
-                   return false;
-               }
+             if (type === 'bicycle') {
+               options.push('dismount');
+             }
            }
 
-           function getNearValues(key) {
-               var extent = combinedEntityExtent();
-               var l = extent.center();
-               var box = geoExtent(l).padByMeters(200);
-
-               var results = context.history().intersects(box)
-                   .filter(function hasTag(d) { return _entityIDs.indexOf(d.id) === -1 && d.tags[key]; })
-                   .map(function(d) {
-                       return {
-                           title: d.tags[key],
-                           value: d.tags[key],
-                           dist: geoSphericalDistance(d.extent(context.graph()).center(), l)
-                       };
-                   })
-                   .sort(function(a, b) {
-                       return a.dist - b.dist;
-                   });
+           return options.map(function (option) {
+             return {
+               title: field.t('options.' + option + '.description'),
+               value: option
+             };
+           });
+         };
 
-               return utilArrayUniqBy(results, 'value');
-           }
+         var placeholdersByHighway = {
+           footway: {
+             foot: 'designated',
+             motor_vehicle: 'no'
+           },
+           steps: {
+             foot: 'yes',
+             motor_vehicle: 'no',
+             bicycle: 'no',
+             horse: 'no'
+           },
+           pedestrian: {
+             foot: 'yes',
+             motor_vehicle: 'no'
+           },
+           cycleway: {
+             motor_vehicle: 'no',
+             bicycle: 'designated'
+           },
+           bridleway: {
+             motor_vehicle: 'no',
+             horse: 'designated'
+           },
+           path: {
+             foot: 'yes',
+             motor_vehicle: 'no',
+             bicycle: 'yes',
+             horse: 'yes'
+           },
+           motorway: {
+             foot: 'no',
+             motor_vehicle: 'yes',
+             bicycle: 'no',
+             horse: 'no'
+           },
+           trunk: {
+             motor_vehicle: 'yes'
+           },
+           primary: {
+             foot: 'yes',
+             motor_vehicle: 'yes',
+             bicycle: 'yes',
+             horse: 'yes'
+           },
+           secondary: {
+             foot: 'yes',
+             motor_vehicle: 'yes',
+             bicycle: 'yes',
+             horse: 'yes'
+           },
+           tertiary: {
+             foot: 'yes',
+             motor_vehicle: 'yes',
+             bicycle: 'yes',
+             horse: 'yes'
+           },
+           residential: {
+             foot: 'yes',
+             motor_vehicle: 'yes',
+             bicycle: 'yes',
+             horse: 'yes'
+           },
+           unclassified: {
+             foot: 'yes',
+             motor_vehicle: 'yes',
+             bicycle: 'yes',
+             horse: 'yes'
+           },
+           service: {
+             foot: 'yes',
+             motor_vehicle: 'yes',
+             bicycle: 'yes',
+             horse: 'yes'
+           },
+           motorway_link: {
+             foot: 'no',
+             motor_vehicle: 'yes',
+             bicycle: 'no',
+             horse: 'no'
+           },
+           trunk_link: {
+             motor_vehicle: 'yes'
+           },
+           primary_link: {
+             foot: 'yes',
+             motor_vehicle: 'yes',
+             bicycle: 'yes',
+             horse: 'yes'
+           },
+           secondary_link: {
+             foot: 'yes',
+             motor_vehicle: 'yes',
+             bicycle: 'yes',
+             horse: 'yes'
+           },
+           tertiary_link: {
+             foot: 'yes',
+             motor_vehicle: 'yes',
+             bicycle: 'yes',
+             horse: 'yes'
+           }
+         };
+
+         access.tags = function (tags) {
+           _tags = tags;
+           utilGetSetValue(items.selectAll('.preset-input-access'), function (d) {
+             return typeof tags[d] === 'string' ? tags[d] : '';
+           }).classed('mixed', function (d) {
+             return tags[d] && Array.isArray(tags[d]);
+           }).attr('title', function (d) {
+             return tags[d] && Array.isArray(tags[d]) && tags[d].filter(Boolean).join('\n');
+           }).attr('placeholder', function (d) {
+             if (tags[d] && Array.isArray(tags[d])) {
+               return _t('inspector.multiple_values');
+             }
 
+             if (d === 'access') {
+               return 'yes';
+             }
 
-           function updateForCountryCode() {
+             if (tags.access && typeof tags.access === 'string') {
+               return tags.access;
+             }
 
-               if (!_countryCode) return;
+             if (tags.highway) {
+               if (typeof tags.highway === 'string') {
+                 if (placeholdersByHighway[tags.highway] && placeholdersByHighway[tags.highway][d]) {
+                   return placeholdersByHighway[tags.highway][d];
+                 }
+               } else {
+                 var impliedAccesses = tags.highway.filter(Boolean).map(function (highwayVal) {
+                   return placeholdersByHighway[highwayVal] && placeholdersByHighway[highwayVal][d];
+                 }).filter(Boolean);
 
-               var addressFormat;
-               for (var i = 0; i < _addressFormats.length; i++) {
-                   var format = _addressFormats[i];
-                   if (!format.countryCodes) {
-                       addressFormat = format;   // choose the default format, keep going
-                   } else if (format.countryCodes.indexOf(_countryCode) !== -1) {
-                       addressFormat = format;   // choose the country format, stop here
-                       break;
-                   }
+                 if (impliedAccesses.length === tags.highway.length && new Set(impliedAccesses).size === 1) {
+                   // if all the highway values have the same implied access for this type then use that
+                   return impliedAccesses[0];
+                 }
                }
+             }
 
-               var dropdowns = addressFormat.dropdowns || [
-                   'city', 'county', 'country', 'district', 'hamlet',
-                   'neighbourhood', 'place', 'postcode', 'province',
-                   'quarter', 'state', 'street', 'subdistrict', 'suburb'
-               ];
+             return field.placeholder();
+           });
+         };
 
-               var widths = addressFormat.widths || {
-                   housenumber: 1/3, street: 2/3,
-                   city: 2/3, state: 1/4, postcode: 1/3
-               };
+         access.focus = function () {
+           items.selectAll('.preset-input-access').node().focus();
+         };
 
-               function row(r) {
-                   // Normalize widths.
-                   var total = r.reduce(function(sum, key) {
-                       return sum + (widths[key] || 0.5);
-                   }, 0);
+         return utilRebind(access, dispatch, 'on');
+       }
 
-                   return r.map(function(key) {
-                       return {
-                           id: key,
-                           width: (widths[key] || 0.5) / total
-                       };
-                   });
-               }
+       function uiFieldAddress(field, context) {
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('change');
 
-               var rows = _wrap.selectAll('.addr-row')
-                   .data(addressFormat.format, function(d) {
-                       return d.toString();
-                   });
+         var _selection = select(null);
 
-               rows.exit()
-                   .remove();
+         var _wrap = select(null);
 
-               rows
-                   .enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'addr-row')
-                   .selectAll('input')
-                   .data(row)
-                   .enter()
-                   .append('input')
-                   .property('type', 'text')
-                   .call(updatePlaceholder)
-                   .attr('class', function (d) { return 'addr-' + d.id; })
-                   .call(utilNoAuto)
-                   .each(addDropdown)
-                   .style('width', function (d) { return d.width * 100 + '%'; });
-
-
-               function addDropdown(d) {
-                   if (dropdowns.indexOf(d.id) === -1) return;  // not a dropdown
-
-                   var nearValues = (d.id === 'street') ? getNearStreets
-                       : (d.id === 'city') ? getNearCities
-                       : getNearValues;
-
-                   select(this)
-                       .call(uiCombobox(context, 'address-' + d.id)
-                           .minItems(1)
-                           .caseSensitive(true)
-                           .fetcher(function(value, callback) {
-                               callback(nearValues('addr:' + d.id));
-                           })
-                       );
-               }
+         var addrField = _mainPresetIndex.field('address'); // needed for placeholder strings
 
-               _wrap.selectAll('input')
-                   .on('blur', change())
-                   .on('change', change());
+         var _entityIDs = [];
 
-               _wrap.selectAll('input:not(.combobox-input)')
-                   .on('input', change(true));
+         var _tags;
 
-               if (_tags) updateTags(_tags);
-           }
+         var _countryCode;
 
+         var _addressFormats = [{
+           format: [['housenumber', 'street'], ['city', 'postcode']]
+         }];
+         _mainFileFetcher.get('address_formats').then(function (d) {
+           _addressFormats = d;
 
-           function address(selection) {
-               _selection = selection;
+           if (!_selection.empty()) {
+             _selection.call(address);
+           }
+         })["catch"](function () {
+           /* ignore */
+         });
 
-               _wrap = selection.selectAll('.form-field-input-wrap')
-                   .data([0]);
+         function getNearStreets() {
+           var extent = combinedEntityExtent();
+           var l = extent.center();
+           var box = geoExtent(l).padByMeters(200);
+           var streets = context.history().intersects(box).filter(isAddressable).map(function (d) {
+             var loc = context.projection([(extent[0][0] + extent[1][0]) / 2, (extent[0][1] + extent[1][1]) / 2]);
+             var choice = geoChooseEdge(context.graph().childNodes(d), loc, context.projection);
+             return {
+               title: d.tags.name,
+               value: d.tags.name,
+               dist: choice.distance
+             };
+           }).sort(function (a, b) {
+             return a.dist - b.dist;
+           });
+           return utilArrayUniqBy(streets, 'value');
 
-               _wrap = _wrap.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'form-field-input-wrap form-field-input-' + field.type)
-                   .merge(_wrap);
+           function isAddressable(d) {
+             return d.tags.highway && d.tags.name && d.type === 'way';
+           }
+         }
 
-               var extent = combinedEntityExtent();
+         function getNearCities() {
+           var extent = combinedEntityExtent();
+           var l = extent.center();
+           var box = geoExtent(l).padByMeters(200);
+           var cities = context.history().intersects(box).filter(isAddressable).map(function (d) {
+             return {
+               title: d.tags['addr:city'] || d.tags.name,
+               value: d.tags['addr:city'] || d.tags.name,
+               dist: geoSphericalDistance(d.extent(context.graph()).center(), l)
+             };
+           }).sort(function (a, b) {
+             return a.dist - b.dist;
+           });
+           return utilArrayUniqBy(cities, 'value');
 
-               if (extent) {
-                   var countryCode;
-                   if (context.inIntro()) {
-                       // localize the address format for the walkthrough
-                       countryCode = _t('intro.graph.countrycode');
-                   } else {
-                       var center = extent.center();
-                       countryCode = iso1A2Code(center);
-                   }
-                   if (countryCode) {
-                       _countryCode = countryCode.toLowerCase();
-                       updateForCountryCode();
-                   }
-               }
+           function isAddressable(d) {
+             if (d.tags.name) {
+               if (d.tags.admin_level === '8' && d.tags.boundary === 'administrative') return true;
+               if (d.tags.border_type === 'city') return true;
+               if (d.tags.place === 'city' || d.tags.place === 'town' || d.tags.place === 'village') return true;
+             }
+
+             if (d.tags['addr:city']) return true;
+             return false;
            }
+         }
 
+         function getNearValues(key) {
+           var extent = combinedEntityExtent();
+           var l = extent.center();
+           var box = geoExtent(l).padByMeters(200);
+           var results = context.history().intersects(box).filter(function hasTag(d) {
+             return _entityIDs.indexOf(d.id) === -1 && d.tags[key];
+           }).map(function (d) {
+             return {
+               title: d.tags[key],
+               value: d.tags[key],
+               dist: geoSphericalDistance(d.extent(context.graph()).center(), l)
+             };
+           }).sort(function (a, b) {
+             return a.dist - b.dist;
+           });
+           return utilArrayUniqBy(results, 'value');
+         }
 
-           function change(onInput) {
-               return function() {
-                   var tags = {};
+         function updateForCountryCode() {
+           if (!_countryCode) return;
+           var addressFormat;
 
-                   _wrap.selectAll('input')
-                       .each(function (subfield) {
-                           var key = field.key + ':' + subfield.id;
+           for (var i = 0; i < _addressFormats.length; i++) {
+             var format = _addressFormats[i];
 
-                           var value = this.value;
-                           if (!onInput) value = context.cleanTagValue(value);
+             if (!format.countryCodes) {
+               addressFormat = format; // choose the default format, keep going
+             } else if (format.countryCodes.indexOf(_countryCode) !== -1) {
+               addressFormat = format; // choose the country format, stop here
 
-                           // don't override multiple values with blank string
-                           if (Array.isArray(_tags[key]) && !value) return;
+               break;
+             }
+           }
 
-                           tags[key] = value || undefined;
-                       });
+           var dropdowns = addressFormat.dropdowns || ['city', 'county', 'country', 'district', 'hamlet', 'neighbourhood', 'place', 'postcode', 'province', 'quarter', 'state', 'street', 'subdistrict', 'suburb'];
+           var widths = addressFormat.widths || {
+             housenumber: 1 / 3,
+             street: 2 / 3,
+             city: 2 / 3,
+             state: 1 / 4,
+             postcode: 1 / 3
+           };
 
-                   dispatch$1.call('change', this, tags, onInput);
+           function row(r) {
+             // Normalize widths.
+             var total = r.reduce(function (sum, key) {
+               return sum + (widths[key] || 0.5);
+             }, 0);
+             return r.map(function (key) {
+               return {
+                 id: key,
+                 width: (widths[key] || 0.5) / total
                };
+             });
            }
 
-           function updatePlaceholder(inputSelection) {
-               return inputSelection.attr('placeholder', function(subfield) {
-                   if (_tags && Array.isArray(_tags[field.key + ':' + subfield.id])) {
-                       return _t('inspector.multiple_values');
-                   }
-                   if (_countryCode) {
-                       var localkey = subfield.id + '!' + _countryCode;
-                       var tkey = addrField.strings.placeholders[localkey] ? localkey : subfield.id;
-                       return addrField.t('placeholders.' + tkey);
-                   }
-               });
-           }
-
+           var rows = _wrap.selectAll('.addr-row').data(addressFormat.format, function (d) {
+             return d.toString();
+           });
 
-           function updateTags(tags) {
-               utilGetSetValue(_wrap.selectAll('input'), function (subfield) {
-                       var val = tags[field.key + ':' + subfield.id];
-                       return typeof val === 'string' ? val : '';
-                   })
-                   .attr('title', function(subfield) {
-                       var val = tags[field.key + ':' + subfield.id];
-                       return val && Array.isArray(val) && val.filter(Boolean).join('\n');
-                   })
-                   .classed('mixed', function(subfield) {
-                       return Array.isArray(tags[field.key + ':' + subfield.id]);
-                   })
-                   .call(updatePlaceholder);
-           }
+           rows.exit().remove();
+           rows.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'addr-row').selectAll('input').data(row).enter().append('input').property('type', 'text').call(updatePlaceholder).attr('class', function (d) {
+             return 'addr-' + d.id;
+           }).call(utilNoAuto).each(addDropdown).style('width', function (d) {
+             return d.width * 100 + '%';
+           });
 
+           function addDropdown(d) {
+             if (dropdowns.indexOf(d.id) === -1) return; // not a dropdown
 
-           function combinedEntityExtent() {
-               return _entityIDs && _entityIDs.length && utilTotalExtent(_entityIDs, context.graph());
+             var nearValues = d.id === 'street' ? getNearStreets : d.id === 'city' ? getNearCities : getNearValues;
+             select(this).call(uiCombobox(context, 'address-' + d.id).minItems(1).caseSensitive(true).fetcher(function (value, callback) {
+               callback(nearValues('addr:' + d.id));
+             }));
            }
 
+           _wrap.selectAll('input').on('blur', change()).on('change', change());
 
-           address.entityIDs = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _entityIDs;
-               _entityIDs = val;
-               return address;
-           };
-
+           _wrap.selectAll('input:not(.combobox-input)').on('input', change(true));
 
-           address.tags = function(tags) {
-               _tags = tags;
-               updateTags(tags);
-           };
+           if (_tags) updateTags(_tags);
+         }
 
+         function address(selection) {
+           _selection = selection;
+           _wrap = selection.selectAll('.form-field-input-wrap').data([0]);
+           _wrap = _wrap.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'form-field-input-wrap form-field-input-' + field.type).merge(_wrap);
+           var extent = combinedEntityExtent();
 
-           address.focus = function() {
-               var node = _wrap.selectAll('input').node();
-               if (node) node.focus();
-           };
+           if (extent) {
+             var countryCode;
 
+             if (context.inIntro()) {
+               // localize the address format for the walkthrough
+               countryCode = _t('intro.graph.countrycode');
+             } else {
+               var center = extent.center();
+               countryCode = iso1A2Code(center);
+             }
 
-           return utilRebind(address, dispatch$1, 'on');
-       }
+             if (countryCode) {
+               _countryCode = countryCode.toLowerCase();
+               updateForCountryCode();
+             }
+           }
+         }
 
-       function uiFieldCycleway(field, context) {
-           var dispatch$1 = dispatch('change');
-           var items = select(null);
-           var wrap = select(null);
-           var _tags;
+         function change(onInput) {
+           return function () {
+             var tags = {};
 
-           function cycleway(selection) {
+             _wrap.selectAll('input').each(function (subfield) {
+               var key = field.key + ':' + subfield.id;
+               var value = this.value;
+               if (!onInput) value = context.cleanTagValue(value); // don't override multiple values with blank string
 
-               function stripcolon(s) {
-                   return s.replace(':', '');
-               }
+               if (Array.isArray(_tags[key]) && !value) return;
+               tags[key] = value || undefined;
+             });
 
+             dispatch.call('change', this, tags, onInput);
+           };
+         }
 
-               wrap = selection.selectAll('.form-field-input-wrap')
-                   .data([0]);
+         function updatePlaceholder(inputSelection) {
+           return inputSelection.attr('placeholder', function (subfield) {
+             if (_tags && Array.isArray(_tags[field.key + ':' + subfield.id])) {
+               return _t('inspector.multiple_values');
+             }
 
-               wrap = wrap.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'form-field-input-wrap form-field-input-' + field.type)
-                   .merge(wrap);
+             if (_countryCode) {
+               var localkey = subfield.id + '!' + _countryCode;
+               var tkey = addrField.hasTextForStringId('placeholders.' + localkey) ? localkey : subfield.id;
+               return addrField.t('placeholders.' + tkey);
+             }
+           });
+         }
 
+         function updateTags(tags) {
+           utilGetSetValue(_wrap.selectAll('input'), function (subfield) {
+             var val = tags[field.key + ':' + subfield.id];
+             return typeof val === 'string' ? val : '';
+           }).attr('title', function (subfield) {
+             var val = tags[field.key + ':' + subfield.id];
+             return val && Array.isArray(val) && val.filter(Boolean).join('\n');
+           }).classed('mixed', function (subfield) {
+             return Array.isArray(tags[field.key + ':' + subfield.id]);
+           }).call(updatePlaceholder);
+         }
 
-               var div = wrap.selectAll('ul')
-                   .data([0]);
+         function combinedEntityExtent() {
+           return _entityIDs && _entityIDs.length && utilTotalExtent(_entityIDs, context.graph());
+         }
 
-               div = div.enter()
-                   .append('ul')
-                   .attr('class', 'rows')
-                   .merge(div);
+         address.entityIDs = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _entityIDs;
+           _entityIDs = val;
+           return address;
+         };
 
-               var keys = ['cycleway:left', 'cycleway:right'];
+         address.tags = function (tags) {
+           _tags = tags;
+           updateTags(tags);
+         };
 
-               items = div.selectAll('li')
-                   .data(keys);
+         address.focus = function () {
+           var node = _wrap.selectAll('input').node();
 
-               var enter = items.enter()
-                   .append('li')
-                   .attr('class', function(d) { return 'labeled-input preset-cycleway-' + stripcolon(d); });
+           if (node) node.focus();
+         };
 
-               enter
-                   .append('span')
-                   .attr('class', 'label preset-label-cycleway')
-                   .attr('for', function(d) { return 'preset-input-cycleway-' + stripcolon(d); })
-                   .text(function(d) { return field.t('types.' + d); });
+         return utilRebind(address, dispatch, 'on');
+       }
 
-               enter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'preset-input-cycleway-wrap')
-                   .append('input')
-                   .attr('type', 'text')
-                   .attr('class', function(d) { return 'preset-input-cycleway preset-input-' + stripcolon(d); })
-                   .call(utilNoAuto)
-                   .each(function(d) {
-                       select(this)
-                           .call(uiCombobox(context, 'cycleway-' + stripcolon(d))
-                               .data(cycleway.options(d))
-                           );
-                   });
+       function uiFieldCycleway(field, context) {
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('change');
+         var items = select(null);
+         var wrap = select(null);
 
-               items = items.merge(enter);
+         var _tags;
 
-               // Update
-               wrap.selectAll('.preset-input-cycleway')
-                   .on('change', change)
-                   .on('blur', change);
+         function cycleway(selection) {
+           function stripcolon(s) {
+             return s.replace(':', '');
            }
 
+           wrap = selection.selectAll('.form-field-input-wrap').data([0]);
+           wrap = wrap.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'form-field-input-wrap form-field-input-' + field.type).merge(wrap);
+           var div = wrap.selectAll('ul').data([0]);
+           div = div.enter().append('ul').attr('class', 'rows').merge(div);
+           var keys = ['cycleway:left', 'cycleway:right'];
+           items = div.selectAll('li').data(keys);
+           var enter = items.enter().append('li').attr('class', function (d) {
+             return 'labeled-input preset-cycleway-' + stripcolon(d);
+           });
+           enter.append('span').attr('class', 'label preset-label-cycleway').attr('for', function (d) {
+             return 'preset-input-cycleway-' + stripcolon(d);
+           }).html(function (d) {
+             return field.t.html('types.' + d);
+           });
+           enter.append('div').attr('class', 'preset-input-cycleway-wrap').append('input').attr('type', 'text').attr('class', function (d) {
+             return 'preset-input-cycleway preset-input-' + stripcolon(d);
+           }).call(utilNoAuto).each(function (d) {
+             select(this).call(uiCombobox(context, 'cycleway-' + stripcolon(d)).data(cycleway.options(d)));
+           });
+           items = items.merge(enter); // Update
 
-           function change(key) {
+           wrap.selectAll('.preset-input-cycleway').on('change', change).on('blur', change);
+         }
 
-               var newValue = context.cleanTagValue(utilGetSetValue(select(this)));
+         function change(d3_event, key) {
+           var newValue = context.cleanTagValue(utilGetSetValue(select(this))); // don't override multiple values with blank string
 
-               // don't override multiple values with blank string
-               if (!newValue && (Array.isArray(_tags.cycleway) || Array.isArray(_tags[key]))) return;
+           if (!newValue && (Array.isArray(_tags.cycleway) || Array.isArray(_tags[key]))) return;
 
-               if (newValue === 'none' || newValue === '') { newValue = undefined; }
+           if (newValue === 'none' || newValue === '') {
+             newValue = undefined;
+           }
 
-               var otherKey = key === 'cycleway:left' ? 'cycleway:right' : 'cycleway:left';
-               var otherValue = typeof _tags.cycleway === 'string' ? _tags.cycleway : _tags[otherKey];
-               if (otherValue && Array.isArray(otherValue)) {
-                   // we must always have an explicit value for comparison
-                   otherValue = otherValue[0];
-               }
-               if (otherValue === 'none' || otherValue === '') { otherValue = undefined; }
+           var otherKey = key === 'cycleway:left' ? 'cycleway:right' : 'cycleway:left';
+           var otherValue = typeof _tags.cycleway === 'string' ? _tags.cycleway : _tags[otherKey];
 
-               var tag = {};
+           if (otherValue && Array.isArray(otherValue)) {
+             // we must always have an explicit value for comparison
+             otherValue = otherValue[0];
+           }
 
-               // If the left and right tags match, use the cycleway tag to tag both
-               // sides the same way
-               if (newValue === otherValue) {
-                   tag = {
-                       cycleway: newValue,
-                       'cycleway:left': undefined,
-                       'cycleway:right': undefined
-                   };
-               } else {
-                   // Always set both left and right as changing one can affect the other
-                   tag = {
-                       cycleway: undefined
-                   };
-                   tag[key] = newValue;
-                   tag[otherKey] = otherValue;
-               }
+           if (otherValue === 'none' || otherValue === '') {
+             otherValue = undefined;
+           }
+
+           var tag = {}; // If the left and right tags match, use the cycleway tag to tag both
+           // sides the same way
 
-               dispatch$1.call('change', this, tag);
+           if (newValue === otherValue) {
+             tag = {
+               cycleway: newValue,
+               'cycleway:left': undefined,
+               'cycleway:right': undefined
+             };
+           } else {
+             // Always set both left and right as changing one can affect the other
+             tag = {
+               cycleway: undefined
+             };
+             tag[key] = newValue;
+             tag[otherKey] = otherValue;
            }
 
+           dispatch.call('change', this, tag);
+         }
 
-           cycleway.options = function() {
-               return Object.keys(field.strings.options).map(function(option) {
-                   return {
-                       title: field.t('options.' + option + '.description'),
-                       value: option
-                   };
-               });
-           };
+         cycleway.options = function () {
+           return field.options.map(function (option) {
+             return {
+               title: field.t('options.' + option + '.description'),
+               value: option
+             };
+           });
+         };
 
+         cycleway.tags = function (tags) {
+           _tags = tags; // If cycleway is set, use that instead of individual values
 
-           cycleway.tags = function(tags) {
-               _tags = tags;
+           var commonValue = typeof tags.cycleway === 'string' && tags.cycleway;
+           utilGetSetValue(items.selectAll('.preset-input-cycleway'), function (d) {
+             if (commonValue) return commonValue;
+             return !tags.cycleway && typeof tags[d] === 'string' ? tags[d] : '';
+           }).attr('title', function (d) {
+             if (Array.isArray(tags.cycleway) || Array.isArray(tags[d])) {
+               var vals = [];
 
-               // If cycleway is set, use that instead of individual values
-               var commonValue = typeof tags.cycleway === 'string' && tags.cycleway;
+               if (Array.isArray(tags.cycleway)) {
+                 vals = vals.concat(tags.cycleway);
+               }
 
-               utilGetSetValue(items.selectAll('.preset-input-cycleway'), function(d) {
-                       if (commonValue) return commonValue;
-                       return !tags.cycleway && typeof tags[d] === 'string' ? tags[d] : '';
-                   })
-                   .attr('title', function(d) {
-                       if (Array.isArray(tags.cycleway) || Array.isArray(tags[d])) {
-                           var vals = [];
-                           if (Array.isArray(tags.cycleway)) {
-                               vals = vals.concat(tags.cycleway);
-                           }
-                           if (Array.isArray(tags[d])) {
-                               vals = vals.concat(tags[d]);
-                           }
-                           return vals.filter(Boolean).join('\n');
-                       }
-                       return null;
-                   })
-                   .attr('placeholder', function(d) {
-                       if (Array.isArray(tags.cycleway) || Array.isArray(tags[d])) {
-                           return _t('inspector.multiple_values');
-                       }
-                       return field.placeholder();
-                   })
-                   .classed('mixed', function(d) {
-                       return Array.isArray(tags.cycleway) || Array.isArray(tags[d]);
-                   });
-           };
+               if (Array.isArray(tags[d])) {
+                 vals = vals.concat(tags[d]);
+               }
 
+               return vals.filter(Boolean).join('\n');
+             }
 
-           cycleway.focus = function() {
-               var node = wrap.selectAll('input').node();
-               if (node) node.focus();
-           };
+             return null;
+           }).attr('placeholder', function (d) {
+             if (Array.isArray(tags.cycleway) || Array.isArray(tags[d])) {
+               return _t('inspector.multiple_values');
+             }
+
+             return field.placeholder();
+           }).classed('mixed', function (d) {
+             return Array.isArray(tags.cycleway) || Array.isArray(tags[d]);
+           });
+         };
 
+         cycleway.focus = function () {
+           var node = wrap.selectAll('input').node();
+           if (node) node.focus();
+         };
 
-           return utilRebind(cycleway, dispatch$1, 'on');
+         return utilRebind(cycleway, dispatch, 'on');
        }
 
        function uiFieldLanes(field, context) {
-           var dispatch$1 = dispatch('change');
-           var LANE_WIDTH = 40;
-           var LANE_HEIGHT = 200;
-           var _entityIDs = [];
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('change');
+         var LANE_WIDTH = 40;
+         var LANE_HEIGHT = 200;
+         var _entityIDs = [];
 
-           function lanes(selection) {
-               var lanesData = context.entity(_entityIDs[0]).lanes();
+         function lanes(selection) {
+           var lanesData = context.entity(_entityIDs[0]).lanes();
 
-               if (!context.container().select('.inspector-wrap.inspector-hidden').empty() || !selection.node().parentNode) {
-                   selection.call(lanes.off);
-                   return;
-               }
+           if (!context.container().select('.inspector-wrap.inspector-hidden').empty() || !selection.node().parentNode) {
+             selection.call(lanes.off);
+             return;
+           }
 
-               var wrap = selection.selectAll('.form-field-input-wrap')
-                   .data([0]);
+           var wrap = selection.selectAll('.form-field-input-wrap').data([0]);
+           wrap = wrap.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'form-field-input-wrap form-field-input-' + field.type).merge(wrap);
+           var surface = wrap.selectAll('.surface').data([0]);
+           var d = utilGetDimensions(wrap);
+           var freeSpace = d[0] - lanesData.lanes.length * LANE_WIDTH * 1.5 + LANE_WIDTH * 0.5;
+           surface = surface.enter().append('svg').attr('width', d[0]).attr('height', 300).attr('class', 'surface').merge(surface);
+           var lanesSelection = surface.selectAll('.lanes').data([0]);
+           lanesSelection = lanesSelection.enter().append('g').attr('class', 'lanes').merge(lanesSelection);
+           lanesSelection.attr('transform', function () {
+             return 'translate(' + freeSpace / 2 + ', 0)';
+           });
+           var lane = lanesSelection.selectAll('.lane').data(lanesData.lanes);
+           lane.exit().remove();
+           var enter = lane.enter().append('g').attr('class', 'lane');
+           enter.append('g').append('rect').attr('y', 50).attr('width', LANE_WIDTH).attr('height', LANE_HEIGHT);
+           enter.append('g').attr('class', 'forward').append('text').attr('y', 40).attr('x', 14).html('▲');
+           enter.append('g').attr('class', 'bothways').append('text').attr('y', 40).attr('x', 14).html('▲▼');
+           enter.append('g').attr('class', 'backward').append('text').attr('y', 40).attr('x', 14).html('▼');
+           lane = lane.merge(enter);
+           lane.attr('transform', function (d) {
+             return 'translate(' + LANE_WIDTH * d.index * 1.5 + ', 0)';
+           });
+           lane.select('.forward').style('visibility', function (d) {
+             return d.direction === 'forward' ? 'visible' : 'hidden';
+           });
+           lane.select('.bothways').style('visibility', function (d) {
+             return d.direction === 'bothways' ? 'visible' : 'hidden';
+           });
+           lane.select('.backward').style('visibility', function (d) {
+             return d.direction === 'backward' ? 'visible' : 'hidden';
+           });
+         }
 
-               wrap = wrap.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'form-field-input-wrap form-field-input-' + field.type)
-                   .merge(wrap);
+         lanes.entityIDs = function (val) {
+           _entityIDs = val;
+         };
 
-               var surface =  wrap.selectAll('.surface')
-                   .data([0]);
+         lanes.tags = function () {};
 
-               var d = utilGetDimensions(wrap);
-               var freeSpace = d[0] - lanesData.lanes.length * LANE_WIDTH * 1.5 + LANE_WIDTH * 0.5;
+         lanes.focus = function () {};
 
-               surface = surface.enter()
-                   .append('svg')
-                   .attr('width', d[0])
-                   .attr('height', 300)
-                   .attr('class', 'surface')
-                   .merge(surface);
+         lanes.off = function () {};
 
+         return utilRebind(lanes, dispatch, 'on');
+       }
+       uiFieldLanes.supportsMultiselection = false;
 
-               var lanesSelection = surface.selectAll('.lanes')
-                   .data([0]);
+       var _languagesArray = [];
+       function uiFieldLocalized(field, context) {
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('change', 'input');
+         var wikipedia = services.wikipedia;
+         var input = select(null);
+         var localizedInputs = select(null);
 
-               lanesSelection = lanesSelection.enter()
-                   .append('g')
-                   .attr('class', 'lanes')
-                   .merge(lanesSelection);
+         var _countryCode;
 
-               lanesSelection
-                   .attr('transform', function () {
-                       return 'translate(' + (freeSpace / 2) + ', 0)';
-                   });
+         var _tags; // A concern here in switching to async data means that _languagesArray will not
+         // be available the first time through, so things like the fetchers and
+         // the language() function will not work immediately.
 
 
-               var lane = lanesSelection.selectAll('.lane')
-                  .data(lanesData.lanes);
-
-               lane.exit()
-                   .remove();
-
-               var enter = lane.enter()
-                   .append('g')
-                   .attr('class', 'lane');
-
-               enter
-                   .append('g')
-                   .append('rect')
-                   .attr('y', 50)
-                   .attr('width', LANE_WIDTH)
-                   .attr('height', LANE_HEIGHT);
-
-               enter
-                   .append('g')
-                   .attr('class', 'forward')
-                   .append('text')
-                   .attr('y', 40)
-                   .attr('x', 14)
-                   .text('▲');
-
-               enter
-                   .append('g')
-                   .attr('class', 'bothways')
-                   .append('text')
-                   .attr('y', 40)
-                   .attr('x', 14)
-                   .text('▲▼');
-
-               enter
-                   .append('g')
-                   .attr('class', 'backward')
-                   .append('text')
-                   .attr('y', 40)
-                   .attr('x', 14)
-                   .text('▼');
-
-
-               lane = lane
-                   .merge(enter);
-
-               lane
-                   .attr('transform', function(d) {
-                       return 'translate(' + (LANE_WIDTH * d.index * 1.5) + ', 0)';
-                   });
+         _mainFileFetcher.get('languages').then(loadLanguagesArray)["catch"](function () {
+           /* ignore */
+         });
+         var _territoryLanguages = {};
+         _mainFileFetcher.get('territory_languages').then(function (d) {
+           _territoryLanguages = d;
+         })["catch"](function () {
+           /* ignore */
+         }); // reuse these combos
 
-               lane.select('.forward')
-                   .style('visibility', function(d) {
-                       return d.direction === 'forward' ? 'visible' : 'hidden';
-                   });
+         var langCombo = uiCombobox(context, 'localized-lang').fetcher(fetchLanguages).minItems(0);
 
-               lane.select('.bothways')
-                   .style('visibility', function(d) {
-                       return d.direction === 'bothways' ? 'visible' : 'hidden';
-                   });
+         var _selection = select(null);
 
-               lane.select('.backward')
-                   .style('visibility', function(d) {
-                       return d.direction === 'backward' ? 'visible' : 'hidden';
-                   });
-           }
+         var _multilingual = [];
 
+         var _buttonTip = uiTooltip().title(_t.html('translate.translate')).placement('left');
 
-           lanes.entityIDs = function(val) {
-               _entityIDs = val;
-           };
+         var _wikiTitles;
 
-           lanes.tags = function() {};
-           lanes.focus = function() {};
-           lanes.off = function() {};
+         var _entityIDs = [];
 
-           return utilRebind(lanes, dispatch$1, 'on');
-       }
+         function loadLanguagesArray(dataLanguages) {
+           if (_languagesArray.length !== 0) return; // some conversion is needed to ensure correct OSM tags are used
 
-       uiFieldLanes.supportsMultiselection = false;
+           var replacements = {
+             sr: 'sr-Cyrl',
+             // in OSM, `sr` implies Cyrillic
+             'sr-Cyrl': false // `sr-Cyrl` isn't used in OSM
 
-       var _languagesArray = [];
+           };
 
+           for (var code in dataLanguages) {
+             if (replacements[code] === false) continue;
+             var metaCode = code;
+             if (replacements[code]) metaCode = replacements[code];
 
-       function uiFieldLocalized(field, context) {
-           var dispatch$1 = dispatch('change', 'input');
-           var wikipedia = services.wikipedia;
-           var input = select(null);
-           var localizedInputs = select(null);
-           var _countryCode;
-           var _tags;
+             _languagesArray.push({
+               localName: _mainLocalizer.languageName(metaCode, {
+                 localOnly: true
+               }),
+               nativeName: dataLanguages[metaCode].nativeName,
+               code: code,
+               label: _mainLocalizer.languageName(metaCode)
+             });
+           }
+         }
+
+         function calcLocked() {
+           // Protect name field for suggestion presets that don't display a brand/operator field
+           var isLocked = field.id === 'name' && _entityIDs.length && _entityIDs.some(function (entityID) {
+             var entity = context.graph().hasEntity(entityID);
+             if (!entity) return false; // Features linked to Wikidata are likely important and should be protected
 
+             if (entity.tags.wikidata) return true; // Assume the name has already been confirmed if its source has been researched
 
-           // A concern here in switching to async data means that _languagesArray will not
-           // be available the first time through, so things like the fetchers and
-           // the language() function will not work immediately.
-           _mainFileFetcher.get('languages')
-               .then(loadLanguagesArray)
-               .catch(function() { /* ignore */ });
+             if (entity.tags['name:etymology:wikidata']) return true; // Lock the `name` if this is a suggestion preset that assigns the name,
+             // and the preset does not display a `brand` or `operator` field.
+             // (For presets like hotels, car dealerships, post offices, the `name` should remain editable)
+             // see also similar logic in `outdated_tags.js`
 
-           var _territoryLanguages = {};
-           _mainFileFetcher.get('territory_languages')
-               .then(function(d) { _territoryLanguages = d; })
-               .catch(function() { /* ignore */ });
+             var preset = _mainPresetIndex.match(entity, context.graph());
 
+             if (preset) {
+               var isSuggestion = preset.suggestion;
+               var fields = preset.fields();
+               var showsBrandField = fields.some(function (d) {
+                 return d.id === 'brand';
+               });
+               var showsOperatorField = fields.some(function (d) {
+                 return d.id === 'operator';
+               });
+               var setsName = preset.addTags.name;
+               var setsBrandWikidata = preset.addTags['brand:wikidata'];
+               var setsOperatorWikidata = preset.addTags['operator:wikidata'];
+               return isSuggestion && setsName && (setsBrandWikidata && !showsBrandField || setsOperatorWikidata && !showsOperatorField);
+             }
 
-           var allSuggestions = _mainPresetIndex.collection.filter(function(p) {
-               return p.suggestion === true;
+             return false;
            });
 
-           // reuse these combos
-           var langCombo = uiCombobox(context, 'localized-lang')
-               .fetcher(fetchLanguages)
-               .minItems(0);
+           field.locked(isLocked);
+         } // update _multilingual, maintaining the existing order
 
-           var brandCombo = uiCombobox(context, 'localized-brand')
-               .canAutocomplete(false)
-               .minItems(1);
 
-           var _selection = select(null);
-           var _multilingual = [];
-           var _buttonTip = uiTooltip()
-               .title(_t('translate.translate'))
-               .placement('left');
-           var _wikiTitles;
-           var _entityIDs = [];
+         function calcMultilingual(tags) {
+           var existingLangsOrdered = _multilingual.map(function (item) {
+             return item.lang;
+           });
 
+           var existingLangs = new Set(existingLangsOrdered.filter(Boolean));
 
-           function loadLanguagesArray(dataLanguages) {
-               if (_languagesArray.length !== 0) return;
+           for (var k in tags) {
+             var m = k.match(/^(.*):(.*)$/);
 
-               // some conversion is needed to ensure correct OSM tags are used
-               var replacements = {
-                   sr: 'sr-Cyrl',      // in OSM, `sr` implies Cyrillic
-                   'sr-Cyrl': false    // `sr-Cyrl` isn't used in OSM
+             if (m && m[1] === field.key && m[2]) {
+               var item = {
+                 lang: m[2],
+                 value: tags[k]
                };
 
-               for (var code in dataLanguages) {
-                   if (replacements[code] === false) continue;
-                   var metaCode = code;
-                   if (replacements[code]) metaCode = replacements[code];
-
-                   _languagesArray.push({
-                       localName: _mainLocalizer.languageName(metaCode, { localOnly: true }),
-                       nativeName: dataLanguages[metaCode].nativeName,
-                       code: code,
-                       label: _mainLocalizer.languageName(metaCode)
-                   });
+               if (existingLangs.has(item.lang)) {
+                 // update the value
+                 _multilingual[existingLangsOrdered.indexOf(item.lang)].value = item.value;
+                 existingLangs["delete"](item.lang);
+               } else {
+                 _multilingual.push(item);
                }
-           }
+             }
+           } // Don't remove items based on deleted tags, since this makes the UI
+           // disappear unexpectedly when clearing values - #8164
+
 
+           _multilingual.forEach(function (item) {
+             if (item.lang && existingLangs.has(item.lang)) {
+               item.value = '';
+             }
+           });
+         }
 
-           function calcLocked() {
+         function localized(selection) {
+           _selection = selection;
+           calcLocked();
+           var isLocked = field.locked();
+           var wrap = selection.selectAll('.form-field-input-wrap').data([0]); // enter/update
 
-               // only lock the Name field
-               var isLocked = field.id === 'name' &&
-                   _entityIDs.length &&
-                   // lock the field if any feature needs it
-                   _entityIDs.some(function(entityID) {
+           wrap = wrap.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'form-field-input-wrap form-field-input-' + field.type).merge(wrap);
+           input = wrap.selectAll('.localized-main').data([0]); // enter/update
 
-                       var entity = context.graph().hasEntity(entityID);
-                       if (!entity) return false;
+           input = input.enter().append('input').attr('type', 'text').attr('id', field.domId).attr('class', 'localized-main').call(utilNoAuto).merge(input);
+           input.classed('disabled', !!isLocked).attr('readonly', isLocked || null).on('input', change(true)).on('blur', change()).on('change', change());
+           var translateButton = wrap.selectAll('.localized-add').data([0]);
+           translateButton = translateButton.enter().append('button').attr('class', 'localized-add form-field-button').call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-plus')).merge(translateButton);
+           translateButton.classed('disabled', !!isLocked).call(isLocked ? _buttonTip.destroy : _buttonTip).on('click', addNew);
 
-                       var original = context.graph().base().entities[_entityIDs[0]];
-                       var hasOriginalName = original && entity.tags.name && entity.tags.name === original.tags.name;
-                       // if the name was already edited manually then allow further editing
-                       if (!hasOriginalName) return false;
+           if (_tags && !_multilingual.length) {
+             calcMultilingual(_tags);
+           }
 
-                       // features linked to Wikidata are likely important and should be protected
-                       if (entity.tags.wikidata) return true;
+           localizedInputs = selection.selectAll('.localized-multilingual').data([0]);
+           localizedInputs = localizedInputs.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'localized-multilingual').merge(localizedInputs);
+           localizedInputs.call(renderMultilingual);
+           localizedInputs.selectAll('button, input').classed('disabled', !!isLocked).attr('readonly', isLocked || null);
 
-                       // assume the name has already been confirmed if its source has been researched
-                       if (entity.tags['name:etymology:wikidata']) return true;
+           function addNew(d3_event) {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             if (field.locked()) return;
+             var defaultLang = _mainLocalizer.languageCode().toLowerCase();
 
-                       var preset = _mainPresetIndex.match(entity, context.graph());
-                       var isSuggestion = preset && preset.suggestion;
-                       var showsBrand = preset && preset.originalFields.filter(function(d) {
-                           return d.id === 'brand';
-                       }).length;
-                       // protect standardized brand names
-                       return isSuggestion && !showsBrand;
-                   });
+             var langExists = _multilingual.find(function (datum) {
+               return datum.lang === defaultLang;
+             });
 
-               field.locked(isLocked);
-           }
+             var isLangEn = defaultLang.indexOf('en') > -1;
 
+             if (isLangEn || langExists) {
+               defaultLang = '';
+               langExists = _multilingual.find(function (datum) {
+                 return datum.lang === defaultLang;
+               });
+             }
 
-           // update _multilingual, maintaining the existing order
-           function calcMultilingual(tags) {
-               var existingLangsOrdered = _multilingual.map(function(item) {
-                   return item.lang;
+             if (!langExists) {
+               // prepend the value so it appears at the top
+               _multilingual.unshift({
+                 lang: defaultLang,
+                 value: ''
                });
-               var existingLangs = new Set(existingLangsOrdered.filter(Boolean));
 
-               for (var k in tags) {
-                   var m = k.match(/^(.*):([a-zA-Z_-]+)$/);
-                   if (m && m[1] === field.key && m[2]) {
-                       var item = { lang: m[2], value: tags[k] };
-                       if (existingLangs.has(item.lang)) {
-                           // update the value
-                           _multilingual[existingLangsOrdered.indexOf(item.lang)].value = item.value;
-                           existingLangs.delete(item.lang);
-                       } else {
-                           _multilingual.push(item);
-                       }
-                   }
+               localizedInputs.call(renderMultilingual);
+             }
+           }
+
+           function change(onInput) {
+             return function (d3_event) {
+               if (field.locked()) {
+                 d3_event.preventDefault();
+                 return;
                }
 
-               _multilingual = _multilingual.filter(function(item) {
-                   return !item.lang || !existingLangs.has(item.lang);
-               });
+               var val = utilGetSetValue(select(this));
+               if (!onInput) val = context.cleanTagValue(val); // don't override multiple values with blank string
+
+               if (!val && Array.isArray(_tags[field.key])) return;
+               var t = {};
+               t[field.key] = val || undefined;
+               dispatch.call('change', this, t, onInput);
+             };
            }
+         }
 
+         function key(lang) {
+           return field.key + ':' + lang;
+         }
 
-           function localized(selection) {
-               _selection = selection;
-               calcLocked();
-               var isLocked = field.locked();
-               var singularEntity = _entityIDs.length === 1 && context.hasEntity(_entityIDs[0]);
-               var preset = singularEntity && _mainPresetIndex.match(singularEntity, context.graph());
+         function changeLang(d3_event, d) {
+           var tags = {}; // make sure unrecognized suffixes are lowercase - #7156
 
-               var wrap = selection.selectAll('.form-field-input-wrap')
-                   .data([0]);
+           var lang = utilGetSetValue(select(this)).toLowerCase();
 
-               // enter/update
-               wrap = wrap.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'form-field-input-wrap form-field-input-' + field.type)
-                   .merge(wrap);
-
-               input = wrap.selectAll('.localized-main')
-                   .data([0]);
-
-               // enter/update
-               input = input.enter()
-                   .append('input')
-                   .attr('type', 'text')
-                   .attr('id', field.domId)
-                   .attr('class', 'localized-main')
-                   .call(utilNoAuto)
-                   .merge(input);
-
-               if (preset && field.id === 'name') {
-                   var pTag = preset.id.split('/', 2);
-                   var pKey = pTag[0];
-                   var pValue = pTag[1];
-
-                   if (!preset.suggestion) {
-                       // Not a suggestion preset - Add a suggestions dropdown if it makes sense to.
-                       // This code attempts to determine if the matched preset is the
-                       // kind of preset that even can benefit from name suggestions..
-                       // - true = shops, cafes, hotels, etc. (also generic and fallback presets)
-                       // - false = churches, parks, hospitals, etc. (things not in the index)
-                       var isFallback = preset.isFallback();
-                       var goodSuggestions = allSuggestions.filter(function(s) {
-                           if (isFallback) return true;
-                           var sTag = s.id.split('/', 2);
-                           var sKey = sTag[0];
-                           var sValue = sTag[1];
-                           return pKey === sKey && (!pValue || pValue === sValue);
-                       });
+           var language = _languagesArray.find(function (d) {
+             return d.label.toLowerCase() === lang || d.localName && d.localName.toLowerCase() === lang || d.nativeName && d.nativeName.toLowerCase() === lang;
+           });
 
-                       // Show the suggestions.. If the user picks one, change the tags..
-                       if (allSuggestions.length && goodSuggestions.length) {
-                           input
-                               .on('blur.localized', checkBrandOnBlur)
-                               .call(brandCombo
-                                   .fetcher(fetchBrandNames(preset, allSuggestions))
-                                   .on('accept', acceptBrand)
-                                   .on('cancel', cancelBrand)
-                               );
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
+           if (language) lang = language.code;
+
+           if (d.lang && d.lang !== lang) {
+             tags[key(d.lang)] = undefined;
+           }
+
+           var newKey = lang && context.cleanTagKey(key(lang));
+           var value = utilGetSetValue(select(this.parentNode).selectAll('.localized-value'));
 
-               input
-                   .classed('disabled', !!isLocked)
-                   .attr('readonly', isLocked || null)
-                   .on('input', change(true))
-                   .on('blur', change())
-                   .on('change', change());
+           if (newKey && value) {
+             tags[newKey] = value;
+           } else if (newKey && _wikiTitles && _wikiTitles[d.lang]) {
+             tags[newKey] = _wikiTitles[d.lang];
+           }
+
+           d.lang = lang;
+           dispatch.call('change', this, tags);
+         }
+
+         function changeValue(d3_event, d) {
+           if (!d.lang) return;
+           var value = context.cleanTagValue(utilGetSetValue(select(this))) || undefined; // don't override multiple values with blank string
 
+           if (!value && Array.isArray(d.value)) return;
+           var t = {};
+           t[key(d.lang)] = value;
+           d.value = value;
+           dispatch.call('change', this, t);
+         }
+
+         function fetchLanguages(value, cb) {
+           var v = value.toLowerCase(); // show the user's language first
 
-               var translateButton = wrap.selectAll('.localized-add')
-                   .data([0]);
+           var langCodes = [_mainLocalizer.localeCode(), _mainLocalizer.languageCode()];
 
-               translateButton = translateButton.enter()
-                   .append('button')
-                   .attr('class', 'localized-add form-field-button')
-                   .attr('tabindex', -1)
-                   .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-plus'))
-                   .merge(translateButton);
+           if (_countryCode && _territoryLanguages[_countryCode]) {
+             langCodes = langCodes.concat(_territoryLanguages[_countryCode]);
+           }
 
-               translateButton
-                   .classed('disabled', !!isLocked)
-                   .call(isLocked ? _buttonTip.destroy : _buttonTip)
-                   .on('click', addNew);
+           var langItems = [];
+           langCodes.forEach(function (code) {
+             var langItem = _languagesArray.find(function (item) {
+               return item.code === code;
+             });
 
+             if (langItem) langItems.push(langItem);
+           });
+           langItems = utilArrayUniq(langItems.concat(_languagesArray));
+           cb(langItems.filter(function (d) {
+             return d.label.toLowerCase().indexOf(v) >= 0 || d.localName && d.localName.toLowerCase().indexOf(v) >= 0 || d.nativeName && d.nativeName.toLowerCase().indexOf(v) >= 0 || d.code.toLowerCase().indexOf(v) >= 0;
+           }).map(function (d) {
+             return {
+               value: d.label
+             };
+           }));
+         }
 
-               if (_tags && !_multilingual.length) {
-                   calcMultilingual(_tags);
+         function renderMultilingual(selection) {
+           var entries = selection.selectAll('div.entry').data(_multilingual, function (d) {
+             return d.lang;
+           });
+           entries.exit().style('top', '0').style('max-height', '240px').transition().duration(200).style('opacity', '0').style('max-height', '0px').remove();
+           var entriesEnter = entries.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'entry').each(function (_, index) {
+             var wrap = select(this);
+             var domId = utilUniqueDomId(index);
+             var label = wrap.append('label').attr('class', 'field-label').attr('for', domId);
+             var text = label.append('span').attr('class', 'label-text');
+             text.append('span').attr('class', 'label-textvalue').html(_t.html('translate.localized_translation_label'));
+             text.append('span').attr('class', 'label-textannotation');
+             label.append('button').attr('class', 'remove-icon-multilingual').on('click', function (d3_event, d) {
+               if (field.locked()) return;
+               d3_event.preventDefault(); // remove the UI item manually
+
+               _multilingual.splice(_multilingual.indexOf(d), 1);
+
+               var langKey = d.lang && key(d.lang);
+
+               if (langKey && langKey in _tags) {
+                 delete _tags[langKey]; // remove from entity tags
+
+                 var t = {};
+                 t[langKey] = undefined;
+                 dispatch.call('change', this, t);
+                 return;
                }
 
-               localizedInputs = selection.selectAll('.localized-multilingual')
-                   .data([0]);
+               renderMultilingual(selection);
+             }).call(svgIcon('#iD-operation-delete'));
+             wrap.append('input').attr('class', 'localized-lang').attr('id', domId).attr('type', 'text').attr('placeholder', _t('translate.localized_translation_language')).on('blur', changeLang).on('change', changeLang).call(langCombo);
+             wrap.append('input').attr('type', 'text').attr('class', 'localized-value').on('blur', changeValue).on('change', changeValue);
+           });
+           entriesEnter.style('margin-top', '0px').style('max-height', '0px').style('opacity', '0').transition().duration(200).style('margin-top', '10px').style('max-height', '240px').style('opacity', '1').on('end', function () {
+             select(this).style('max-height', '').style('overflow', 'visible');
+           });
+           entries = entries.merge(entriesEnter);
+           entries.order(); // allow removing the entry UIs even if there isn't a tag to remove
 
-               localizedInputs = localizedInputs.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'localized-multilingual')
-                   .merge(localizedInputs);
+           entries.classed('present', true);
+           utilGetSetValue(entries.select('.localized-lang'), function (d) {
+             var langItem = _languagesArray.find(function (item) {
+               return item.code === d.lang;
+             });
 
-               localizedInputs
-                   .call(renderMultilingual);
+             if (langItem) return langItem.label;
+             return d.lang;
+           });
+           utilGetSetValue(entries.select('.localized-value'), function (d) {
+             return typeof d.value === 'string' ? d.value : '';
+           }).attr('title', function (d) {
+             return Array.isArray(d.value) ? d.value.filter(Boolean).join('\n') : null;
+           }).attr('placeholder', function (d) {
+             return Array.isArray(d.value) ? _t('inspector.multiple_values') : _t('translate.localized_translation_name');
+           }).classed('mixed', function (d) {
+             return Array.isArray(d.value);
+           });
+         }
 
-               localizedInputs.selectAll('button, input')
-                   .classed('disabled', !!isLocked)
-                   .attr('readonly', isLocked || null);
+         localized.tags = function (tags) {
+           _tags = tags; // Fetch translations from wikipedia
 
+           if (typeof tags.wikipedia === 'string' && !_wikiTitles) {
+             _wikiTitles = {};
+             var wm = tags.wikipedia.match(/([^:]+):(.+)/);
 
+             if (wm && wm[0] && wm[1]) {
+               wikipedia.translations(wm[1], wm[2], function (err, d) {
+                 if (err || !d) return;
+                 _wikiTitles = d;
+               });
+             }
+           }
 
-               // We are not guaranteed to get an `accept` or `cancel` when blurring the field.
-               // (This can happen if the user actives the combo, arrows down, and then clicks off to blur)
-               // So compare the current field value against the suggestions one last time.
-               function checkBrandOnBlur() {
-                   var latest = _entityIDs.length === 1 && context.hasEntity(_entityIDs[0]);
-                   if (!latest) return;   // deleting the entity blurred the field?
+           var isMixed = Array.isArray(tags[field.key]);
+           utilGetSetValue(input, typeof tags[field.key] === 'string' ? tags[field.key] : '').attr('title', isMixed ? tags[field.key].filter(Boolean).join('\n') : undefined).attr('placeholder', isMixed ? _t('inspector.multiple_values') : field.placeholder()).classed('mixed', isMixed);
+           calcMultilingual(tags);
 
-                   var preset = _mainPresetIndex.match(latest, context.graph());
-                   if (preset && preset.suggestion) return;   // already accepted
+           _selection.call(localized);
+         };
 
-                   // note: here we are testing against "decorated" names, i.e. 'Starbucks – Cafe'
-                   var name = utilGetSetValue(input).trim();
-                   var matched = allSuggestions.filter(function(s) { return name === s.name(); });
+         localized.focus = function () {
+           input.node().focus();
+         };
 
-                   if (matched.length === 1) {
-                       acceptBrand({ suggestion: matched[0] });
-                   } else {
-                       cancelBrand();
-                   }
-               }
+         localized.entityIDs = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _entityIDs;
+           _entityIDs = val;
+           _multilingual = [];
+           loadCountryCode();
+           return localized;
+         };
 
+         function loadCountryCode() {
+           var extent = combinedEntityExtent();
+           var countryCode = extent && iso1A2Code(extent.center());
+           _countryCode = countryCode && countryCode.toLowerCase();
+         }
 
-               function acceptBrand(d) {
+         function combinedEntityExtent() {
+           return _entityIDs && _entityIDs.length && utilTotalExtent(_entityIDs, context.graph());
+         }
 
-                   var entity = _entityIDs.length === 1 && context.hasEntity(_entityIDs[0]);
+         return utilRebind(localized, dispatch, 'on');
+       }
 
-                   if (!d || !entity) {
-                       cancelBrand();
-                       return;
-                   }
+       function uiFieldRoadspeed(field, context) {
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('change');
+         var unitInput = select(null);
+         var input = select(null);
+         var _entityIDs = [];
 
-                   var tags = entity.tags;
-                   var geometry = entity.geometry(context.graph());
-                   var removed = preset.unsetTags(tags, geometry);
-                   for (var k in tags) {
-                       tags[k] = removed[k];  // set removed tags to `undefined`
-                   }
-                   tags = d.suggestion.setTags(tags, geometry);
-                   utilGetSetValue(input, tags.name);
-                   dispatch$1.call('change', this, tags);
-               }
+         var _tags;
 
+         var _isImperial;
 
-               // user hit escape, clean whatever preset name appears after the last ' – '
-               function cancelBrand() {
-                   var name = utilGetSetValue(input);
-                   var clean = cleanName(name);
-                   if (clean !== name) {
-                       utilGetSetValue(input, clean);
-                       dispatch$1.call('change', this, { name: clean });
-                   }
-               }
+         var speedCombo = uiCombobox(context, 'roadspeed');
+         var unitCombo = uiCombobox(context, 'roadspeed-unit').data(['km/h', 'mph'].map(comboValues));
+         var metricValues = [20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120];
+         var imperialValues = [5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80];
 
-               // Remove whatever is after the last ' – '
-               // NOTE: split/join on en-dash, not a hypen (to avoid conflict with fr - nl names in Brussels etc)
-               function cleanName(name) {
-                   var parts = name.split(' – ');
-                   if (parts.length > 1) {
-                       parts.pop();
-                       name = parts.join(' – ');
-                   }
-                   return name;
-               }
-
-
-               function fetchBrandNames(preset, suggestions) {
-                   var pTag = preset.id.split('/', 2);
-                   var pKey = pTag[0];
-                   var pValue = pTag[1];
-
-                   return function(value, callback) {
-                       var results = [];
-                       if (value && value.length > 2) {
-                           for (var i = 0; i < suggestions.length; i++) {
-                               var s = suggestions[i];
-
-                               // don't suggest brands from incompatible countries
-                               if (_countryCode && s.countryCodes &&
-                                   s.countryCodes.indexOf(_countryCode) === -1) continue;
-
-                               var sTag = s.id.split('/', 2);
-                               var sKey = sTag[0];
-                               var sValue = sTag[1];
-                               var name = s.name();
-                               var dist = utilEditDistance(value, name.substring(0, value.length));
-                               var matchesPreset = (pKey === sKey && (!pValue || pValue === sValue));
-
-                               if (dist < 1 || (matchesPreset && dist < 3)) {
-                                   var obj = {
-                                       title: name,
-                                       value: name,
-                                       suggestion: s,
-                                       dist: dist + (matchesPreset ? 0 : 1)  // penalize if not matched preset
-                                   };
-                                   results.push(obj);
-                               }
-                           }
-                           results.sort(function(a, b) { return a.dist - b.dist; });
-                       }
-                       results = results.slice(0, 10);
-                       callback(results);
-                   };
-               }
+         function roadspeed(selection) {
+           var wrap = selection.selectAll('.form-field-input-wrap').data([0]);
+           wrap = wrap.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'form-field-input-wrap form-field-input-' + field.type).merge(wrap);
+           input = wrap.selectAll('input.roadspeed-number').data([0]);
+           input = input.enter().append('input').attr('type', 'text').attr('class', 'roadspeed-number').attr('id', field.domId).call(utilNoAuto).call(speedCombo).merge(input);
+           input.on('change', change).on('blur', change);
+           var loc = combinedEntityExtent().center();
+           _isImperial = roadSpeedUnit(loc) === 'mph';
+           unitInput = wrap.selectAll('input.roadspeed-unit').data([0]);
+           unitInput = unitInput.enter().append('input').attr('type', 'text').attr('class', 'roadspeed-unit').call(unitCombo).merge(unitInput);
+           unitInput.on('blur', changeUnits).on('change', changeUnits);
+
+           function changeUnits() {
+             _isImperial = utilGetSetValue(unitInput) === 'mph';
+             utilGetSetValue(unitInput, _isImperial ? 'mph' : 'km/h');
+             setUnitSuggestions();
+             change();
+           }
+         }
+
+         function setUnitSuggestions() {
+           speedCombo.data((_isImperial ? imperialValues : metricValues).map(comboValues));
+           utilGetSetValue(unitInput, _isImperial ? 'mph' : 'km/h');
+         }
+
+         function comboValues(d) {
+           return {
+             value: d.toString(),
+             title: d.toString()
+           };
+         }
 
+         function change() {
+           var tag = {};
+           var value = utilGetSetValue(input).trim(); // don't override multiple values with blank string
 
-               function addNew() {
-                   event.preventDefault();
-                   if (field.locked()) return;
+           if (!value && Array.isArray(_tags[field.key])) return;
 
-                   var defaultLang = _mainLocalizer.languageCode().toLowerCase();
-                   var langExists = _multilingual.find(function(datum) { return datum.lang === defaultLang; });
-                   var isLangEn = defaultLang.indexOf('en') > -1;
-                   if (isLangEn || langExists) {
-                       defaultLang = '';
-                       langExists = _multilingual.find(function(datum) { return datum.lang === defaultLang; });
-                   }
+           if (!value) {
+             tag[field.key] = undefined;
+           } else if (isNaN(value) || !_isImperial) {
+             tag[field.key] = context.cleanTagValue(value);
+           } else {
+             tag[field.key] = context.cleanTagValue(value + ' mph');
+           }
+
+           dispatch.call('change', this, tag);
+         }
 
-                   if (!langExists) {
-                       // prepend the value so it appears at the top
-                       _multilingual.unshift({ lang: defaultLang, value: '' });
+         roadspeed.tags = function (tags) {
+           _tags = tags;
+           var value = tags[field.key];
+           var isMixed = Array.isArray(value);
+
+           if (!isMixed) {
+             if (value && value.indexOf('mph') >= 0) {
+               value = parseInt(value, 10).toString();
+               _isImperial = true;
+             } else if (value) {
+               _isImperial = false;
+             }
+           }
 
-                       localizedInputs
-                           .call(renderMultilingual);
-                   }
-               }
+           setUnitSuggestions();
+           utilGetSetValue(input, typeof value === 'string' ? value : '').attr('title', isMixed ? value.filter(Boolean).join('\n') : null).attr('placeholder', isMixed ? _t('inspector.multiple_values') : field.placeholder()).classed('mixed', isMixed);
+         };
 
+         roadspeed.focus = function () {
+           input.node().focus();
+         };
 
-               function change(onInput) {
-                   return function() {
-                       if (field.locked()) {
-                           event.preventDefault();
-                           return;
-                       }
+         roadspeed.entityIDs = function (val) {
+           _entityIDs = val;
+         };
 
-                       var val = utilGetSetValue(select(this));
-                       if (!onInput) val = context.cleanTagValue(val);
+         function combinedEntityExtent() {
+           return _entityIDs && _entityIDs.length && utilTotalExtent(_entityIDs, context.graph());
+         }
 
-                       // don't override multiple values with blank string
-                       if (!val && Array.isArray(_tags[field.key])) return;
+         return utilRebind(roadspeed, dispatch, 'on');
+       }
 
-                       var t = {};
+       function uiFieldRadio(field, context) {
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('change');
+         var placeholder = select(null);
+         var wrap = select(null);
+         var labels = select(null);
+         var radios = select(null);
+         var radioData = (field.options || field.keys).slice(); // shallow copy
+
+         var typeField;
+         var layerField;
+         var _oldType = {};
+         var _entityIDs = [];
+
+         function selectedKey() {
+           var node = wrap.selectAll('.form-field-input-radio label.active input');
+           return !node.empty() && node.datum();
+         }
+
+         function radio(selection) {
+           selection.classed('preset-radio', true);
+           wrap = selection.selectAll('.form-field-input-wrap').data([0]);
+           var enter = wrap.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'form-field-input-wrap form-field-input-radio');
+           enter.append('span').attr('class', 'placeholder');
+           wrap = wrap.merge(enter);
+           placeholder = wrap.selectAll('.placeholder');
+           labels = wrap.selectAll('label').data(radioData);
+           enter = labels.enter().append('label');
+           enter.append('input').attr('type', 'radio').attr('name', field.id).attr('value', function (d) {
+             return field.t('options.' + d, {
+               'default': d
+             });
+           }).attr('checked', false);
+           enter.append('span').html(function (d) {
+             return field.t.html('options.' + d, {
+               'default': d
+             });
+           });
+           labels = labels.merge(enter);
+           radios = labels.selectAll('input').on('change', changeRadio);
+         }
 
-                       t[field.key] = val || undefined;
-                       dispatch$1.call('change', this, t, onInput);
-                   };
-               }
-           }
+         function structureExtras(selection, tags) {
+           var selected = selectedKey() || tags.layer !== undefined;
+           var type = _mainPresetIndex.field(selected);
+           var layer = _mainPresetIndex.field('layer');
+           var showLayer = selected === 'bridge' || selected === 'tunnel' || tags.layer !== undefined;
+           var extrasWrap = selection.selectAll('.structure-extras-wrap').data(selected ? [0] : []);
+           extrasWrap.exit().remove();
+           extrasWrap = extrasWrap.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'structure-extras-wrap').merge(extrasWrap);
+           var list = extrasWrap.selectAll('ul').data([0]);
+           list = list.enter().append('ul').attr('class', 'rows').merge(list); // Type
 
+           if (type) {
+             if (!typeField || typeField.id !== selected) {
+               typeField = uiField(context, type, _entityIDs, {
+                 wrap: false
+               }).on('change', changeType);
+             }
 
-           function key(lang) {
-               return field.key + ':' + lang;
+             typeField.tags(tags);
+           } else {
+             typeField = null;
            }
 
+           var typeItem = list.selectAll('.structure-type-item').data(typeField ? [typeField] : [], function (d) {
+             return d.id;
+           }); // Exit
 
-           function changeLang(d) {
-               var tags = {};
-
-               // make sure unrecognized suffixes are lowercase - #7156
-               var lang = utilGetSetValue(select(this)).toLowerCase();
+           typeItem.exit().remove(); // Enter
 
-               var language = _languagesArray.find(function(d) {
-                   return d.label.toLowerCase() === lang ||
-                       (d.localName && d.localName.toLowerCase() === lang) ||
-                       (d.nativeName && d.nativeName.toLowerCase() === lang);
-               });
-               if (language) lang = language.code;
+           var typeEnter = typeItem.enter().insert('li', ':first-child').attr('class', 'labeled-input structure-type-item');
+           typeEnter.append('span').attr('class', 'label structure-label-type').attr('for', 'preset-input-' + selected).html(_t.html('inspector.radio.structure.type'));
+           typeEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'structure-input-type-wrap'); // Update
 
-               if (d.lang && d.lang !== lang) {
-                   tags[key(d.lang)] = undefined;
-               }
+           typeItem = typeItem.merge(typeEnter);
 
-               var newKey = lang && context.cleanTagKey(key(lang));
+           if (typeField) {
+             typeItem.selectAll('.structure-input-type-wrap').call(typeField.render);
+           } // Layer
 
-               var value = utilGetSetValue(select(this.parentNode).selectAll('.localized-value'));
 
-               if (newKey && value) {
-                   tags[newKey] = value;
-               } else if (newKey && _wikiTitles && _wikiTitles[d.lang]) {
-                   tags[newKey] = _wikiTitles[d.lang];
-               }
+           if (layer && showLayer) {
+             if (!layerField) {
+               layerField = uiField(context, layer, _entityIDs, {
+                 wrap: false
+               }).on('change', changeLayer);
+             }
 
-               d.lang = lang;
-               dispatch$1.call('change', this, tags);
+             layerField.tags(tags);
+             field.keys = utilArrayUnion(field.keys, ['layer']);
+           } else {
+             layerField = null;
+             field.keys = field.keys.filter(function (k) {
+               return k !== 'layer';
+             });
            }
 
+           var layerItem = list.selectAll('.structure-layer-item').data(layerField ? [layerField] : []); // Exit
 
-           function changeValue(d) {
-               if (!d.lang) return;
-               var value = context.cleanTagValue(utilGetSetValue(select(this))) || undefined;
+           layerItem.exit().remove(); // Enter
 
-               // don't override multiple values with blank string
-               if (!value && Array.isArray(d.value)) return;
+           var layerEnter = layerItem.enter().append('li').attr('class', 'labeled-input structure-layer-item');
+           layerEnter.append('span').attr('class', 'label structure-label-layer').attr('for', 'preset-input-layer').html(_t.html('inspector.radio.structure.layer'));
+           layerEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'structure-input-layer-wrap'); // Update
 
-               var t = {};
-               t[key(d.lang)] = value;
-               d.value = value;
-               dispatch$1.call('change', this, t);
+           layerItem = layerItem.merge(layerEnter);
+
+           if (layerField) {
+             layerItem.selectAll('.structure-input-layer-wrap').call(layerField.render);
            }
+         }
+
+         function changeType(t, onInput) {
+           var key = selectedKey();
+           if (!key) return;
+           var val = t[key];
 
+           if (val !== 'no') {
+             _oldType[key] = val;
+           }
 
-           function fetchLanguages(value, cb) {
-               var v = value.toLowerCase();
+           if (field.type === 'structureRadio') {
+             // remove layer if it should not be set
+             if (val === 'no' || key !== 'bridge' && key !== 'tunnel' || key === 'tunnel' && val === 'building_passage') {
+               t.layer = undefined;
+             } // add layer if it should be set
 
-               // show the user's language first
-               var langCodes = [_mainLocalizer.localeCode(), _mainLocalizer.languageCode()];
 
-               if (_countryCode && _territoryLanguages[_countryCode]) {
-                   langCodes = langCodes.concat(_territoryLanguages[_countryCode]);
+             if (t.layer === undefined) {
+               if (key === 'bridge' && val !== 'no') {
+                 t.layer = '1';
                }
 
-               var langItems = [];
-               langCodes.forEach(function(code) {
-                   var langItem = _languagesArray.find(function(item) {
-                       return item.code === code;
-                   });
-                   if (langItem) langItems.push(langItem);
-               });
-               langItems = utilArrayUniq(langItems.concat(_languagesArray));
-
-               cb(langItems.filter(function(d) {
-                   return d.label.toLowerCase().indexOf(v) >= 0 ||
-                       (d.localName && d.localName.toLowerCase().indexOf(v) >= 0) ||
-                       (d.nativeName && d.nativeName.toLowerCase().indexOf(v) >= 0) ||
-                       d.code.toLowerCase().indexOf(v) >= 0;
-               }).map(function(d) {
-                   return { value: d.label };
-               }));
+               if (key === 'tunnel' && val !== 'no' && val !== 'building_passage') {
+                 t.layer = '-1';
+               }
+             }
            }
 
+           dispatch.call('change', this, t, onInput);
+         }
 
-           function renderMultilingual(selection) {
-               var entries = selection.selectAll('div.entry')
-                   .data(_multilingual, function(d) { return d.lang; });
-
-               entries.exit()
-                   .style('top', '0')
-                   .style('max-height', '240px')
-                   .transition()
-                   .duration(200)
-                   .style('opacity', '0')
-                   .style('max-height', '0px')
-                   .remove();
-
-               var entriesEnter = entries.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'entry')
-                   .each(function(_, index) {
-                       var wrap = select(this);
-
-                       var domId = utilUniqueDomId(index);
-
-                       var label = wrap
-                           .append('label')
-                           .attr('class', 'field-label')
-                           .attr('for', domId);
-
-                       var text = label
-                           .append('span')
-                           .attr('class', 'label-text');
-
-                       text
-                           .append('span')
-                           .attr('class', 'label-textvalue')
-                           .text(_t('translate.localized_translation_label'));
-
-                       text
-                           .append('span')
-                           .attr('class', 'label-textannotation');
-
-                       label
-                           .append('button')
-                           .attr('class', 'remove-icon-multilingual')
-                           .on('click', function(d, index) {
-                               if (field.locked()) return;
-                               event.preventDefault();
-
-                               if (!d.lang || !d.value) {
-                                   _multilingual.splice(index, 1);
-                                   renderMultilingual(selection);
-                               } else {
-                                   // remove from entity tags
-                                   var t = {};
-                                   t[key(d.lang)] = undefined;
-                                   dispatch$1.call('change', this, t);
-                               }
-
-                           })
-                           .call(svgIcon('#iD-operation-delete'));
-
-                       wrap
-                           .append('input')
-                           .attr('class', 'localized-lang')
-                           .attr('id', domId)
-                           .attr('type', 'text')
-                           .attr('placeholder', _t('translate.localized_translation_language'))
-                           .on('blur', changeLang)
-                           .on('change', changeLang)
-                           .call(langCombo);
-
-                       wrap
-                           .append('input')
-                           .attr('type', 'text')
-                           .attr('class', 'localized-value')
-                           .on('blur', changeValue)
-                           .on('change', changeValue);
-                   });
+         function changeLayer(t, onInput) {
+           if (t.layer === '0') {
+             t.layer = undefined;
+           }
 
-               entriesEnter
-                   .style('margin-top', '0px')
-                   .style('max-height', '0px')
-                   .style('opacity', '0')
-                   .transition()
-                   .duration(200)
-                   .style('margin-top', '10px')
-                   .style('max-height', '240px')
-                   .style('opacity', '1')
-                   .on('end', function() {
-                       select(this)
-                           .style('max-height', '')
-                           .style('overflow', 'visible');
-                   });
+           dispatch.call('change', this, t, onInput);
+         }
 
-               entries = entries.merge(entriesEnter);
+         function changeRadio() {
+           var t = {};
+           var activeKey;
 
-               entries.order();
+           if (field.key) {
+             t[field.key] = undefined;
+           }
 
-               entries.classed('present', function(d) {
-                   return d.lang && d.value;
-               });
+           radios.each(function (d) {
+             var active = select(this).property('checked');
+             if (active) activeKey = d;
 
-               utilGetSetValue(entries.select('.localized-lang'), function(d) {
-                   return _mainLocalizer.languageName(d.lang);
-               });
+             if (field.key) {
+               if (active) t[field.key] = d;
+             } else {
+               var val = _oldType[activeKey] || 'yes';
+               t[d] = active ? val : undefined;
+             }
+           });
 
-               utilGetSetValue(entries.select('.localized-value'), function(d) {
-                       return typeof d.value === 'string' ? d.value : '';
-                   })
-                   .attr('title', function(d) {
-                       return Array.isArray(d.value) ? d.value.filter(Boolean).join('\n') : null;
-                   })
-                   .attr('placeholder', function(d) {
-                       return Array.isArray(d.value) ? _t('inspector.multiple_values') : _t('translate.localized_translation_name');
-                   })
-                   .classed('mixed', function(d) {
-                       return Array.isArray(d.value);
-                   });
+           if (field.type === 'structureRadio') {
+             if (activeKey === 'bridge') {
+               t.layer = '1';
+             } else if (activeKey === 'tunnel' && t.tunnel !== 'building_passage') {
+               t.layer = '-1';
+             } else {
+               t.layer = undefined;
+             }
            }
 
+           dispatch.call('change', this, t);
+         }
 
-           localized.tags = function(tags) {
-               _tags = tags;
+         radio.tags = function (tags) {
+           radios.property('checked', function (d) {
+             if (field.key) {
+               return tags[field.key] === d;
+             }
 
-               // Fetch translations from wikipedia
-               if (typeof tags.wikipedia === 'string' && !_wikiTitles) {
-                   _wikiTitles = {};
-                   var wm = tags.wikipedia.match(/([^:]+):(.+)/);
-                   if (wm && wm[0] && wm[1]) {
-                       wikipedia.translations(wm[1], wm[2], function(err, d) {
-                           if (err || !d) return;
-                           _wikiTitles = d;
-                       });
-                   }
-               }
+             return !!(typeof tags[d] === 'string' && tags[d].toLowerCase() !== 'no');
+           });
 
-               var isMixed = Array.isArray(tags[field.key]);
+           function isMixed(d) {
+             if (field.key) {
+               return Array.isArray(tags[field.key]) && tags[field.key].includes(d);
+             }
 
-               utilGetSetValue(input, typeof tags[field.key] === 'string' ? tags[field.key] : '')
-                   .attr('title', isMixed ? tags[field.key].filter(Boolean).join('\n') : undefined)
-                   .attr('placeholder', isMixed ? _t('inspector.multiple_values') : field.placeholder())
-                   .classed('mixed', isMixed);
+             return Array.isArray(tags[d]);
+           }
 
-               calcMultilingual(tags);
+           labels.classed('active', function (d) {
+             if (field.key) {
+               return Array.isArray(tags[field.key]) && tags[field.key].includes(d) || tags[field.key] === d;
+             }
 
-               _selection
-                   .call(localized);
-           };
+             return Array.isArray(tags[d]) || !!(tags[d] && tags[d].toLowerCase() !== 'no');
+           }).classed('mixed', isMixed).attr('title', function (d) {
+             return isMixed(d) ? _t('inspector.unshared_value_tooltip') : null;
+           });
+           var selection = radios.filter(function () {
+             return this.checked;
+           });
 
+           if (selection.empty()) {
+             placeholder.html(_t.html('inspector.none'));
+           } else {
+             placeholder.html(selection.attr('value'));
+             _oldType[selection.datum()] = tags[selection.datum()];
+           }
 
-           localized.focus = function() {
-               input.node().focus();
-           };
+           if (field.type === 'structureRadio') {
+             // For waterways without a tunnel tag, set 'culvert' as
+             // the _oldType to default to if the user picks 'tunnel'
+             if (!!tags.waterway && !_oldType.tunnel) {
+               _oldType.tunnel = 'culvert';
+             }
 
+             wrap.call(structureExtras, tags);
+           }
+         };
 
-           localized.entityIDs = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _entityIDs;
-               _entityIDs = val;
-               _multilingual = [];
-               loadCountryCode();
-               return localized;
-           };
+         radio.focus = function () {
+           radios.node().focus();
+         };
 
-           function loadCountryCode() {
-               var extent = combinedEntityExtent();
-               var countryCode = extent && iso1A2Code(extent.center());
-               _countryCode = countryCode && countryCode.toLowerCase();
-           }
+         radio.entityIDs = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _entityIDs;
+           _entityIDs = val;
+           _oldType = {};
+           return radio;
+         };
 
-           function combinedEntityExtent() {
-               return _entityIDs && _entityIDs.length && utilTotalExtent(_entityIDs, context.graph());
-           }
+         radio.isAllowed = function () {
+           return _entityIDs.length === 1;
+         };
 
-           return utilRebind(localized, dispatch$1, 'on');
+         return utilRebind(radio, dispatch, 'on');
        }
 
-       function uiFieldMaxspeed(field, context) {
-           var dispatch$1 = dispatch('change');
-           var unitInput = select(null);
-           var input = select(null);
-           var _entityIDs = [];
-           var _tags;
-           var _isImperial;
+       function uiFieldRestrictions(field, context) {
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('change');
+         var breathe = behaviorBreathe();
+         corePreferences('turn-restriction-via-way', null); // remove old key
+
+         var storedViaWay = corePreferences('turn-restriction-via-way0'); // use new key #6922
 
-           var speedCombo = uiCombobox(context, 'maxspeed');
-           var unitCombo = uiCombobox(context, 'maxspeed-unit')
-                   .data(['km/h', 'mph'].map(comboValues));
+         var storedDistance = corePreferences('turn-restriction-distance');
 
-           var metricValues = [20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120];
-           var imperialValues = [5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80];
+         var _maxViaWay = storedViaWay !== null ? +storedViaWay : 0;
 
+         var _maxDistance = storedDistance ? +storedDistance : 30;
 
-           function maxspeed(selection) {
+         var _initialized = false;
 
-               var wrap = selection.selectAll('.form-field-input-wrap')
-                   .data([0]);
+         var _parent = select(null); // the entire field
 
-               wrap = wrap.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'form-field-input-wrap form-field-input-' + field.type)
-                   .merge(wrap);
 
+         var _container = select(null); // just the map
 
-               input = wrap.selectAll('input.maxspeed-number')
-                   .data([0]);
 
-               input = input.enter()
-                   .append('input')
-                   .attr('type', 'text')
-                   .attr('class', 'maxspeed-number')
-                   .attr('id', field.domId)
-                   .call(utilNoAuto)
-                   .call(speedCombo)
-                   .merge(input);
+         var _oldTurns;
 
-               input
-                   .on('change', change)
-                   .on('blur', change);
+         var _graph;
 
-               var loc = combinedEntityExtent().center();
-               _isImperial = roadSpeedUnit(loc) === 'mph';
+         var _vertexID;
 
-               unitInput = wrap.selectAll('input.maxspeed-unit')
-                   .data([0]);
+         var _intersection;
 
-               unitInput = unitInput.enter()
-                   .append('input')
-                   .attr('type', 'text')
-                   .attr('class', 'maxspeed-unit')
-                   .call(unitCombo)
-                   .merge(unitInput);
+         var _fromWayID;
 
-               unitInput
-                   .on('blur', changeUnits)
-                   .on('change', changeUnits);
+         var _lastXPos;
 
+         function restrictions(selection) {
+           _parent = selection; // try to reuse the intersection, but always rebuild it if the graph has changed
 
-               function changeUnits() {
-                   _isImperial = utilGetSetValue(unitInput) === 'mph';
-                   utilGetSetValue(unitInput, _isImperial ? 'mph' : 'km/h');
-                   setUnitSuggestions();
-                   change();
-               }
-           }
+           if (_vertexID && (context.graph() !== _graph || !_intersection)) {
+             _graph = context.graph();
+             _intersection = osmIntersection(_graph, _vertexID, _maxDistance);
+           } // It's possible for there to be no actual intersection here.
+           // for example, a vertex of two `highway=path`
+           // In this case, hide the field.
 
 
-           function setUnitSuggestions() {
-               speedCombo.data((_isImperial ? imperialValues : metricValues).map(comboValues));
-               utilGetSetValue(unitInput, _isImperial ? 'mph' : 'km/h');
-           }
+           var isOK = _intersection && _intersection.vertices.length && // has vertices
+           _intersection.vertices // has the vertex that the user selected
+           .filter(function (vertex) {
+             return vertex.id === _vertexID;
+           }).length && _intersection.ways.length > 2 && // has more than 2 ways
+           _intersection.ways // has more than 1 TO way
+           .filter(function (way) {
+             return way.__to;
+           }).length > 1; // Also hide in the case where
 
+           select(selection.node().parentNode).classed('hide', !isOK); // if form field is hidden or has detached from dom, clean up.
 
-           function comboValues(d) {
-               return {
-                   value: d.toString(),
-                   title: d.toString()
-               };
+           if (!isOK || !context.container().select('.inspector-wrap.inspector-hidden').empty() || !selection.node().parentNode || !selection.node().parentNode.parentNode) {
+             selection.call(restrictions.off);
+             return;
            }
 
+           var wrap = selection.selectAll('.form-field-input-wrap').data([0]);
+           wrap = wrap.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'form-field-input-wrap form-field-input-' + field.type).merge(wrap);
+           var container = wrap.selectAll('.restriction-container').data([0]); // enter
 
-           function change() {
-               var tag = {};
-               var value = utilGetSetValue(input).trim();
+           var containerEnter = container.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'restriction-container');
+           containerEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'restriction-help'); // update
 
-               // don't override multiple values with blank string
-               if (!value && Array.isArray(_tags[field.key])) return;
+           _container = containerEnter.merge(container).call(renderViewer);
+           var controls = wrap.selectAll('.restriction-controls').data([0]); // enter/update
 
-               if (!value) {
-                   tag[field.key] = undefined;
-               } else if (isNaN(value) || !_isImperial) {
-                   tag[field.key] = context.cleanTagValue(value);
-               } else {
-                   tag[field.key] = context.cleanTagValue(value + ' mph');
-               }
+           controls.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'restriction-controls-container').append('div').attr('class', 'restriction-controls').merge(controls).call(renderControls);
+         }
 
-               dispatch$1.call('change', this, tag);
-           }
+         function renderControls(selection) {
+           var distControl = selection.selectAll('.restriction-distance').data([0]);
+           distControl.exit().remove();
+           var distControlEnter = distControl.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'restriction-control restriction-distance');
+           distControlEnter.append('span').attr('class', 'restriction-control-label restriction-distance-label').html(_t.html('restriction.controls.distance') + ':');
+           distControlEnter.append('input').attr('class', 'restriction-distance-input').attr('type', 'range').attr('min', '20').attr('max', '50').attr('step', '5');
+           distControlEnter.append('span').attr('class', 'restriction-distance-text'); // update
 
+           selection.selectAll('.restriction-distance-input').property('value', _maxDistance).on('input', function () {
+             var val = select(this).property('value');
+             _maxDistance = +val;
+             _intersection = null;
 
-           maxspeed.tags = function(tags) {
-               _tags = tags;
+             _container.selectAll('.layer-osm .layer-turns *').remove();
 
-               var value = tags[field.key];
-               var isMixed = Array.isArray(value);
+             corePreferences('turn-restriction-distance', _maxDistance);
 
-               if (!isMixed) {
-                   if (value && value.indexOf('mph') >= 0) {
-                       value = parseInt(value, 10).toString();
-                       _isImperial = true;
-                   } else if (value) {
-                       _isImperial = false;
-                   }
-               }
+             _parent.call(restrictions);
+           });
+           selection.selectAll('.restriction-distance-text').html(displayMaxDistance(_maxDistance));
+           var viaControl = selection.selectAll('.restriction-via-way').data([0]);
+           viaControl.exit().remove();
+           var viaControlEnter = viaControl.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'restriction-control restriction-via-way');
+           viaControlEnter.append('span').attr('class', 'restriction-control-label restriction-via-way-label').html(_t.html('restriction.controls.via') + ':');
+           viaControlEnter.append('input').attr('class', 'restriction-via-way-input').attr('type', 'range').attr('min', '0').attr('max', '2').attr('step', '1');
+           viaControlEnter.append('span').attr('class', 'restriction-via-way-text'); // update
 
-               setUnitSuggestions();
+           selection.selectAll('.restriction-via-way-input').property('value', _maxViaWay).on('input', function () {
+             var val = select(this).property('value');
+             _maxViaWay = +val;
 
-               utilGetSetValue(input, typeof value === 'string' ? value : '')
-                   .attr('title', isMixed ? value.filter(Boolean).join('\n') : null)
-                   .attr('placeholder', isMixed ? _t('inspector.multiple_values') : field.placeholder())
-                   .classed('mixed', isMixed);
-           };
+             _container.selectAll('.layer-osm .layer-turns *').remove();
 
+             corePreferences('turn-restriction-via-way0', _maxViaWay);
 
-           maxspeed.focus = function() {
-               input.node().focus();
-           };
+             _parent.call(restrictions);
+           });
+           selection.selectAll('.restriction-via-way-text').html(displayMaxVia(_maxViaWay));
+         }
+
+         function renderViewer(selection) {
+           if (!_intersection) return;
+           var vgraph = _intersection.graph;
+           var filter = utilFunctor(true);
+           var projection = geoRawMercator(); // Reflow warning: `utilGetDimensions` calls `getBoundingClientRect`
+           // Instead of asking the restriction-container for its dimensions,
+           //  we can ask the .sidebar, which can have its dimensions cached.
+           // width: calc as sidebar - padding
+           // height: hardcoded (from `80_app.css`)
+           // var d = utilGetDimensions(selection);
+
+           var sdims = utilGetDimensions(context.container().select('.sidebar'));
+           var d = [sdims[0] - 50, 370];
+           var c = geoVecScale(d, 0.5);
+           var z = 22;
+           projection.scale(geoZoomToScale(z)); // Calculate extent of all key vertices
 
+           var extent = geoExtent();
 
-           maxspeed.entityIDs = function(val) {
-               _entityIDs = val;
-           };
+           for (var i = 0; i < _intersection.vertices.length; i++) {
+             extent._extend(_intersection.vertices[i].extent());
+           } // If this is a large intersection, adjust zoom to fit extent
 
 
-           function combinedEntityExtent() {
-               return _entityIDs && _entityIDs.length && utilTotalExtent(_entityIDs, context.graph());
+           if (_intersection.vertices.length > 1) {
+             var padding = 180; // in z22 pixels
+
+             var tl = projection([extent[0][0], extent[1][1]]);
+             var br = projection([extent[1][0], extent[0][1]]);
+             var hFactor = (br[0] - tl[0]) / (d[0] - padding);
+             var vFactor = (br[1] - tl[1]) / (d[1] - padding);
+             var hZoomDiff = Math.log(Math.abs(hFactor)) / Math.LN2;
+             var vZoomDiff = Math.log(Math.abs(vFactor)) / Math.LN2;
+             z = z - Math.max(hZoomDiff, vZoomDiff);
+             projection.scale(geoZoomToScale(z));
            }
 
+           var padTop = 35; // reserve top space for hint text
 
-           return utilRebind(maxspeed, dispatch$1, 'on');
-       }
+           var extentCenter = projection(extent.center());
+           extentCenter[1] = extentCenter[1] - padTop;
+           projection.translate(geoVecSubtract(c, extentCenter)).clipExtent([[0, 0], d]);
+           var drawLayers = svgLayers(projection, context).only(['osm', 'touch']).dimensions(d);
+           var drawVertices = svgVertices(projection, context);
+           var drawLines = svgLines(projection, context);
+           var drawTurns = svgTurns(projection, context);
+           var firstTime = selection.selectAll('.surface').empty();
+           selection.call(drawLayers);
+           var surface = selection.selectAll('.surface').classed('tr', true);
 
-       function uiFieldRadio(field, context) {
-           var dispatch$1 = dispatch('change');
-           var placeholder = select(null);
-           var wrap = select(null);
-           var labels = select(null);
-           var radios = select(null);
-           var radioData = (field.options || (field.strings && field.strings.options && Object.keys(field.strings.options)) || field.keys).slice();  // shallow copy
-           var typeField;
-           var layerField;
-           var _oldType = {};
-           var _entityIDs = [];
+           if (firstTime) {
+             _initialized = true;
+             surface.call(breathe);
+           } // This can happen if we've lowered the detail while a FROM way
+           // is selected, and that way is no longer part of the intersection.
 
 
-           function selectedKey() {
-               var node = wrap.selectAll('.form-field-input-radio label.active input');
-               return !node.empty() && node.datum();
+           if (_fromWayID && !vgraph.hasEntity(_fromWayID)) {
+             _fromWayID = null;
+             _oldTurns = null;
            }
 
+           surface.call(utilSetDimensions, d).call(drawVertices, vgraph, _intersection.vertices, filter, extent, z).call(drawLines, vgraph, _intersection.ways, filter).call(drawTurns, vgraph, _intersection.turns(_fromWayID, _maxViaWay));
+           surface.on('click.restrictions', click).on('mouseover.restrictions', mouseover);
+           surface.selectAll('.selected').classed('selected', false);
+           surface.selectAll('.related').classed('related', false);
+           var way;
 
-           function radio(selection) {
-               selection.classed('preset-radio', true);
+           if (_fromWayID) {
+             way = vgraph.entity(_fromWayID);
+             surface.selectAll('.' + _fromWayID).classed('selected', true).classed('related', true);
+           }
 
-               wrap = selection.selectAll('.form-field-input-wrap')
-                   .data([0]);
+           document.addEventListener('resizeWindow', function () {
+             utilSetDimensions(_container, null);
+             redraw(1);
+           }, false);
+           updateHints(null);
 
-               var enter = wrap.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'form-field-input-wrap form-field-input-radio');
+           function click(d3_event) {
+             surface.call(breathe.off).call(breathe);
+             var datum = d3_event.target.__data__;
+             var entity = datum && datum.properties && datum.properties.entity;
 
-               enter
-                   .append('span')
-                   .attr('class', 'placeholder');
+             if (entity) {
+               datum = entity;
+             }
 
-               wrap = wrap
-                   .merge(enter);
+             if (datum instanceof osmWay && (datum.__from || datum.__via)) {
+               _fromWayID = datum.id;
+               _oldTurns = null;
+               redraw();
+             } else if (datum instanceof osmTurn) {
+               var actions, extraActions, turns, i;
+               var restrictionType = osmInferRestriction(vgraph, datum, projection);
 
+               if (datum.restrictionID && !datum.direct) {
+                 return;
+               } else if (datum.restrictionID && !datum.only) {
+                 // NO -> ONLY
+                 var seen = {};
+                 var datumOnly = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(datum)); // deep clone the datum
 
-               placeholder = wrap.selectAll('.placeholder');
+                 datumOnly.only = true; // but change this property
 
-               labels = wrap.selectAll('label')
-                   .data(radioData);
+                 restrictionType = restrictionType.replace(/^no/, 'only'); // Adding an ONLY restriction should destroy all other direct restrictions from the FROM towards the VIA.
+                 // We will remember them in _oldTurns, and restore them if the user clicks again.
 
-               enter = labels.enter()
-                   .append('label');
+                 turns = _intersection.turns(_fromWayID, 2);
+                 extraActions = [];
+                 _oldTurns = [];
 
-               enter
-                   .append('input')
-                   .attr('type', 'radio')
-                   .attr('name', field.id)
-                   .attr('value', function(d) { return field.t('options.' + d, { 'default': d }); })
-                   .attr('checked', false);
+                 for (i = 0; i < turns.length; i++) {
+                   var turn = turns[i];
+                   if (seen[turn.restrictionID]) continue; // avoid deleting the turn twice (#4968, #4928)
 
-               enter
-                   .append('span')
-                   .text(function(d) { return field.t('options.' + d, { 'default': d }); });
+                   if (turn.direct && turn.path[1] === datum.path[1]) {
+                     seen[turns[i].restrictionID] = true;
+                     turn.restrictionType = osmInferRestriction(vgraph, turn, projection);
 
-               labels = labels
-                   .merge(enter);
+                     _oldTurns.push(turn);
 
-               radios = labels.selectAll('input')
-                   .on('change', changeRadio);
+                     extraActions.push(actionUnrestrictTurn(turn));
+                   }
+                 }
 
-           }
+                 actions = _intersection.actions.concat(extraActions, [actionRestrictTurn(datumOnly, restrictionType), _t('operations.restriction.annotation.create')]);
+               } else if (datum.restrictionID) {
+                 // ONLY -> Allowed
+                 // Restore whatever restrictions we might have destroyed by cycling thru the ONLY state.
+                 // This relies on the assumption that the intersection was already split up when we
+                 // performed the previous action (NO -> ONLY), so the IDs in _oldTurns shouldn't have changed.
+                 turns = _oldTurns || [];
+                 extraActions = [];
 
+                 for (i = 0; i < turns.length; i++) {
+                   if (turns[i].key !== datum.key) {
+                     extraActions.push(actionRestrictTurn(turns[i], turns[i].restrictionType));
+                   }
+                 }
 
-           function structureExtras(selection, tags) {
-               var selected = selectedKey() || tags.layer !== undefined;
-               var type = _mainPresetIndex.field(selected);
-               var layer = _mainPresetIndex.field('layer');
-               var showLayer = (selected === 'bridge' || selected === 'tunnel' || tags.layer !== undefined);
+                 _oldTurns = null;
+                 actions = _intersection.actions.concat(extraActions, [actionUnrestrictTurn(datum), _t('operations.restriction.annotation.delete')]);
+               } else {
+                 // Allowed -> NO
+                 actions = _intersection.actions.concat([actionRestrictTurn(datum, restrictionType), _t('operations.restriction.annotation.create')]);
+               }
 
+               context.perform.apply(context, actions); // At this point the datum will be changed, but will have same key..
+               // Refresh it and update the help..
 
-               var extrasWrap = selection.selectAll('.structure-extras-wrap')
-                   .data(selected ? [0] : []);
+               var s = surface.selectAll('.' + datum.key);
+               datum = s.empty() ? null : s.datum();
+               updateHints(datum);
+             } else {
+               _fromWayID = null;
+               _oldTurns = null;
+               redraw();
+             }
+           }
 
-               extrasWrap.exit()
-                   .remove();
+           function mouseover(d3_event) {
+             var datum = d3_event.target.__data__;
+             updateHints(datum);
+           }
 
-               extrasWrap = extrasWrap.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'structure-extras-wrap')
-                   .merge(extrasWrap);
+           _lastXPos = _lastXPos || sdims[0];
 
-               var list = extrasWrap.selectAll('ul')
-                   .data([0]);
+           function redraw(minChange) {
+             var xPos = -1;
 
-               list = list.enter()
-                   .append('ul')
-                   .attr('class', 'rows')
-                   .merge(list);
+             if (minChange) {
+               xPos = utilGetDimensions(context.container().select('.sidebar'))[0];
+             }
 
+             if (!minChange || minChange && Math.abs(xPos - _lastXPos) >= minChange) {
+               if (context.hasEntity(_vertexID)) {
+                 _lastXPos = xPos;
 
-               // Type
-               if (type) {
-                   if (!typeField || typeField.id !== selected) {
-                       typeField = uiField(context, type, _entityIDs, { wrap: false })
-                           .on('change', changeType);
-                   }
-                   typeField.tags(tags);
-               } else {
-                   typeField = null;
+                 _container.call(renderViewer);
                }
+             }
+           }
 
-               var typeItem = list.selectAll('.structure-type-item')
-                   .data(typeField ? [typeField] : [], function(d) { return d.id; });
-
-               // Exit
-               typeItem.exit()
-                   .remove();
-
-               // Enter
-               var typeEnter = typeItem.enter()
-                   .insert('li', ':first-child')
-                   .attr('class', 'labeled-input structure-type-item');
+           function highlightPathsFrom(wayID) {
+             surface.selectAll('.related').classed('related', false).classed('allow', false).classed('restrict', false).classed('only', false);
+             surface.selectAll('.' + wayID).classed('related', true);
 
-               typeEnter
-                   .append('span')
-                   .attr('class', 'label structure-label-type')
-                   .attr('for', 'preset-input-' + selected)
-                   .text(_t('inspector.radio.structure.type'));
+             if (wayID) {
+               var turns = _intersection.turns(wayID, _maxViaWay);
 
-               typeEnter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'structure-input-type-wrap');
+               for (var i = 0; i < turns.length; i++) {
+                 var turn = turns[i];
+                 var ids = [turn.to.way];
+                 var klass = turn.no ? 'restrict' : turn.only ? 'only' : 'allow';
 
-               // Update
-               typeItem = typeItem
-                   .merge(typeEnter);
+                 if (turn.only || turns.length === 1) {
+                   if (turn.via.ways) {
+                     ids = ids.concat(turn.via.ways);
+                   }
+                 } else if (turn.to.way === wayID) {
+                   continue;
+                 }
 
-               if (typeField) {
-                   typeItem.selectAll('.structure-input-type-wrap')
-                       .call(typeField.render);
+                 surface.selectAll(utilEntitySelector(ids)).classed('related', true).classed('allow', klass === 'allow').classed('restrict', klass === 'restrict').classed('only', klass === 'only');
                }
+             }
+           }
 
+           function updateHints(datum) {
+             var help = _container.selectAll('.restriction-help').html('');
 
-               // Layer
-               if (layer && showLayer) {
-                   if (!layerField) {
-                       layerField = uiField(context, layer, _entityIDs, { wrap: false })
-                           .on('change', changeLayer);
-                   }
-                   layerField.tags(tags);
-                   field.keys = utilArrayUnion(field.keys, ['layer']);
+             var placeholders = {};
+             ['from', 'via', 'to'].forEach(function (k) {
+               placeholders[k] = '<span class="qualifier">' + _t('restriction.help.' + k) + '</span>';
+             });
+             var entity = datum && datum.properties && datum.properties.entity;
+
+             if (entity) {
+               datum = entity;
+             }
+
+             if (_fromWayID) {
+               way = vgraph.entity(_fromWayID);
+               surface.selectAll('.' + _fromWayID).classed('selected', true).classed('related', true);
+             } // Hovering a way
+
+
+             if (datum instanceof osmWay && datum.__from) {
+               way = datum;
+               highlightPathsFrom(_fromWayID ? null : way.id);
+               surface.selectAll('.' + way.id).classed('related', true);
+               var clickSelect = !_fromWayID || _fromWayID !== way.id;
+               help.append('div') // "Click to select FROM {fromName}." / "FROM {fromName}"
+               .html(_t.html('restriction.help.' + (clickSelect ? 'select_from_name' : 'from_name'), {
+                 from: placeholders.from,
+                 fromName: displayName(way.id, vgraph)
+               })); // Hovering a turn arrow
+             } else if (datum instanceof osmTurn) {
+               var restrictionType = osmInferRestriction(vgraph, datum, projection);
+               var turnType = restrictionType.replace(/^(only|no)\_/, '');
+               var indirect = datum.direct === false ? _t.html('restriction.help.indirect') : '';
+               var klass, turnText, nextText;
+
+               if (datum.no) {
+                 klass = 'restrict';
+                 turnText = _t.html('restriction.help.turn.no_' + turnType, {
+                   indirect: indirect
+                 });
+                 nextText = _t.html('restriction.help.turn.only_' + turnType, {
+                   indirect: ''
+                 });
+               } else if (datum.only) {
+                 klass = 'only';
+                 turnText = _t.html('restriction.help.turn.only_' + turnType, {
+                   indirect: indirect
+                 });
+                 nextText = _t.html('restriction.help.turn.allowed_' + turnType, {
+                   indirect: ''
+                 });
                } else {
-                   layerField = null;
-                   field.keys = field.keys.filter(function(k) { return k !== 'layer'; });
+                 klass = 'allow';
+                 turnText = _t.html('restriction.help.turn.allowed_' + turnType, {
+                   indirect: indirect
+                 });
+                 nextText = _t.html('restriction.help.turn.no_' + turnType, {
+                   indirect: ''
+                 });
                }
 
-               var layerItem = list.selectAll('.structure-layer-item')
-                   .data(layerField ? [layerField] : []);
-
-               // Exit
-               layerItem.exit()
-                   .remove();
-
-               // Enter
-               var layerEnter = layerItem.enter()
-                   .append('li')
-                   .attr('class', 'labeled-input structure-layer-item');
+               help.append('div') // "NO Right Turn (indirect)"
+               .attr('class', 'qualifier ' + klass).html(turnText);
+               help.append('div') // "FROM {fromName} TO {toName}"
+               .html(_t.html('restriction.help.from_name_to_name', {
+                 from: placeholders.from,
+                 fromName: displayName(datum.from.way, vgraph),
+                 to: placeholders.to,
+                 toName: displayName(datum.to.way, vgraph)
+               }));
 
-               layerEnter
-                   .append('span')
-                   .attr('class', 'label structure-label-layer')
-                   .attr('for', 'preset-input-layer')
-                   .text(_t('inspector.radio.structure.layer'));
+               if (datum.via.ways && datum.via.ways.length) {
+                 var names = [];
 
-               layerEnter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'structure-input-layer-wrap');
+                 for (var i = 0; i < datum.via.ways.length; i++) {
+                   var prev = names[names.length - 1];
+                   var curr = displayName(datum.via.ways[i], vgraph);
 
-               // Update
-               layerItem = layerItem
-                   .merge(layerEnter);
+                   if (!prev || curr !== prev) {
+                     // collapse identical names
+                     names.push(curr);
+                   }
+                 }
 
-               if (layerField) {
-                   layerItem.selectAll('.structure-input-layer-wrap')
-                       .call(layerField.render);
+                 help.append('div') // "VIA {viaNames}"
+                 .html(_t.html('restriction.help.via_names', {
+                   via: placeholders.via,
+                   viaNames: names.join(', ')
+                 }));
                }
-           }
-
 
-           function changeType(t, onInput) {
-               var key = selectedKey();
-               if (!key) return;
-
-               var val = t[key];
-               if (val !== 'no') {
-                   _oldType[key] = val;
+               if (!indirect) {
+                 help.append('div') // Click for "No Right Turn"
+                 .html(_t.html('restriction.help.toggle', {
+                   turn: nextText.trim()
+                 }));
                }
 
-               if (field.type === 'structureRadio') {
-                   // remove layer if it should not be set
-                   if (val === 'no' ||
-                       (key !== 'bridge' && key !== 'tunnel') ||
-                       (key === 'tunnel' && val === 'building_passage')) {
-                       t.layer = undefined;
-                   }
-                   // add layer if it should be set
-                   if (t.layer === undefined) {
-                       if (key === 'bridge' && val !== 'no') {
-                           t.layer = '1';
-                       }
-                       if (key === 'tunnel' && val !== 'no' && val !== 'building_passage') {
-                           t.layer = '-1';
-                       }
-                   }
-                }
-
-               dispatch$1.call('change', this, t, onInput);
-           }
-
+               highlightPathsFrom(null);
+               var alongIDs = datum.path.slice();
+               surface.selectAll(utilEntitySelector(alongIDs)).classed('related', true).classed('allow', klass === 'allow').classed('restrict', klass === 'restrict').classed('only', klass === 'only'); // Hovering empty surface
+             } else {
+               highlightPathsFrom(null);
 
-           function changeLayer(t, onInput) {
-               if (t.layer === '0') {
-                   t.layer = undefined;
+               if (_fromWayID) {
+                 help.append('div') // "FROM {fromName}"
+                 .html(_t.html('restriction.help.from_name', {
+                   from: placeholders.from,
+                   fromName: displayName(_fromWayID, vgraph)
+                 }));
+               } else {
+                 help.append('div') // "Click to select a FROM segment."
+                 .html(_t.html('restriction.help.select_from', {
+                   from: placeholders.from
+                 }));
                }
-               dispatch$1.call('change', this, t, onInput);
+             }
            }
+         }
 
+         function displayMaxDistance(maxDist) {
+           var isImperial = !_mainLocalizer.usesMetric();
+           var opts;
 
-           function changeRadio() {
-               var t = {};
-               var activeKey;
+           if (isImperial) {
+             var distToFeet = {
+               // imprecise conversion for prettier display
+               20: 70,
+               25: 85,
+               30: 100,
+               35: 115,
+               40: 130,
+               45: 145,
+               50: 160
+             }[maxDist];
+             opts = {
+               distance: _t('units.feet', {
+                 quantity: distToFeet
+               })
+             };
+           } else {
+             opts = {
+               distance: _t('units.meters', {
+                 quantity: maxDist
+               })
+             };
+           }
 
-               if (field.key) {
-                   t[field.key] = undefined;
-               }
+           return _t.html('restriction.controls.distance_up_to', opts);
+         }
 
-               radios.each(function(d) {
-                   var active = select(this).property('checked');
-                   if (active) activeKey = d;
+         function displayMaxVia(maxVia) {
+           return maxVia === 0 ? _t.html('restriction.controls.via_node_only') : maxVia === 1 ? _t.html('restriction.controls.via_up_to_one') : _t.html('restriction.controls.via_up_to_two');
+         }
 
-                   if (field.key) {
-                       if (active) t[field.key] = d;
-                   } else {
-                       var val = _oldType[activeKey] || 'yes';
-                       t[d] = active ? val : undefined;
-                   }
-               });
+         function displayName(entityID, graph) {
+           var entity = graph.entity(entityID);
+           var name = utilDisplayName(entity) || '';
+           var matched = _mainPresetIndex.match(entity, graph);
+           var type = matched && matched.name() || utilDisplayType(entity.id);
+           return name || type;
+         }
 
-               if (field.type === 'structureRadio') {
-                   if (activeKey === 'bridge') {
-                       t.layer = '1';
-                   } else if (activeKey === 'tunnel' && t.tunnel !== 'building_passage') {
-                       t.layer = '-1';
-                   } else {
-                       t.layer = undefined;
-                   }
-               }
+         restrictions.entityIDs = function (val) {
+           _intersection = null;
+           _fromWayID = null;
+           _oldTurns = null;
+           _vertexID = val[0];
+         };
 
-               dispatch$1.call('change', this, t);
-           }
+         restrictions.tags = function () {};
 
+         restrictions.focus = function () {};
 
-           radio.tags = function(tags) {
+         restrictions.off = function (selection) {
+           if (!_initialized) return;
+           selection.selectAll('.surface').call(breathe.off).on('click.restrictions', null).on('mouseover.restrictions', null);
+           select(window).on('resize.restrictions', null);
+         };
 
-               radios.property('checked', function(d) {
-                   if (field.key) {
-                       return tags[field.key] === d;
-                   }
-                   return !!(typeof tags[d] === 'string' && tags[d].toLowerCase() !== 'no');
-               });
+         return utilRebind(restrictions, dispatch, 'on');
+       }
+       uiFieldRestrictions.supportsMultiselection = false;
 
-               function isMixed(d) {
-                   if (field.key) {
-                       return Array.isArray(tags[field.key]) && tags[field.key].includes(d);
-                   }
-                   return Array.isArray(tags[d]);
-               }
+       function uiFieldTextarea(field, context) {
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('change');
+         var input = select(null);
 
-               labels
-                   .classed('active', function(d) {
-                       if (field.key) {
-                           return (Array.isArray(tags[field.key]) && tags[field.key].includes(d))
-                               || tags[field.key] === d;
-                       }
-                       return Array.isArray(tags[d]) || !!(tags[d] && tags[d].toLowerCase() !== 'no');
-                   })
-                   .classed('mixed', isMixed)
-                   .attr('title', function(d) {
-                       return isMixed(d) ? _t('inspector.unshared_value_tooltip') : null;
-                   });
+         var _tags;
 
+         function textarea(selection) {
+           var wrap = selection.selectAll('.form-field-input-wrap').data([0]);
+           wrap = wrap.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'form-field-input-wrap form-field-input-' + field.type).merge(wrap);
+           input = wrap.selectAll('textarea').data([0]);
+           input = input.enter().append('textarea').attr('id', field.domId).call(utilNoAuto).on('input', change(true)).on('blur', change()).on('change', change()).merge(input);
+         }
 
-               var selection = radios.filter(function() { return this.checked; });
+         function change(onInput) {
+           return function () {
+             var val = utilGetSetValue(input);
+             if (!onInput) val = context.cleanTagValue(val); // don't override multiple values with blank string
 
-               if (selection.empty()) {
-                   placeholder.text(_t('inspector.none'));
-               } else {
-                   placeholder.text(selection.attr('value'));
-                   _oldType[selection.datum()] = tags[selection.datum()];
-               }
+             if (!val && Array.isArray(_tags[field.key])) return;
+             var t = {};
+             t[field.key] = val || undefined;
+             dispatch.call('change', this, t, onInput);
+           };
+         }
 
-               if (field.type === 'structureRadio') {
-                   // For waterways without a tunnel tag, set 'culvert' as
-                   // the _oldType to default to if the user picks 'tunnel'
-                   if (!!tags.waterway && !_oldType.tunnel) {
-                       _oldType.tunnel = 'culvert';
-                   }
+         textarea.tags = function (tags) {
+           _tags = tags;
+           var isMixed = Array.isArray(tags[field.key]);
+           utilGetSetValue(input, !isMixed && tags[field.key] ? tags[field.key] : '').attr('title', isMixed ? tags[field.key].filter(Boolean).join('\n') : undefined).attr('placeholder', isMixed ? _t('inspector.multiple_values') : field.placeholder() || _t('inspector.unknown')).classed('mixed', isMixed);
+         };
 
-                   wrap.call(structureExtras, tags);
-               }
-           };
+         textarea.focus = function () {
+           input.node().focus();
+         };
 
+         return utilRebind(textarea, dispatch, 'on');
+       }
 
-           radio.focus = function() {
-               radios.node().focus();
-           };
+       var getOwnPropertyDescriptor = objectGetOwnPropertyDescriptor.f;
 
 
-           radio.entityIDs = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _entityIDs;
-               _entityIDs = val;
-               _oldType = {};
-               return radio;
-           };
 
 
-           radio.isAllowed = function() {
-               return _entityIDs.length === 1;
-           };
 
 
-           return utilRebind(radio, dispatch$1, 'on');
-       }
+       // eslint-disable-next-line es/no-string-prototype-endswith -- safe
+       var $endsWith = ''.endsWith;
+       var min = Math.min;
 
-       function uiFieldRestrictions(field, context) {
-           var dispatch$1 = dispatch('change');
-           var breathe = behaviorBreathe();
-
-           corePreferences('turn-restriction-via-way', null);                 // remove old key
-           var storedViaWay = corePreferences('turn-restriction-via-way0');   // use new key #6922
-           var storedDistance = corePreferences('turn-restriction-distance');
-
-           var _maxViaWay = storedViaWay !== null ? (+storedViaWay) : 0;
-           var _maxDistance = storedDistance ? (+storedDistance) : 30;
-           var _initialized = false;
-           var _parent = select(null);       // the entire field
-           var _container = select(null);    // just the map
-           var _oldTurns;
-           var _graph;
-           var _vertexID;
-           var _intersection;
-           var _fromWayID;
-
-           var _lastXPos;
-
-
-           function restrictions(selection) {
-               _parent = selection;
-
-               // try to reuse the intersection, but always rebuild it if the graph has changed
-               if (_vertexID && (context.graph() !== _graph || !_intersection)) {
-                   _graph = context.graph();
-                   _intersection = osmIntersection(_graph, _vertexID, _maxDistance);
-               }
-
-               // It's possible for there to be no actual intersection here.
-               // for example, a vertex of two `highway=path`
-               // In this case, hide the field.
-               var isOK = (
-                   _intersection &&
-                   _intersection.vertices.length &&           // has vertices
-                   _intersection.vertices                     // has the vertex that the user selected
-                       .filter(function(vertex) { return vertex.id === _vertexID; }).length &&
-                   _intersection.ways.length > 2 &&           // has more than 2 ways
-                   _intersection.ways                         // has more than 1 TO way
-                       .filter(function(way) { return way.__to; }).length > 1
-               );
+       var CORRECT_IS_REGEXP_LOGIC = correctIsRegexpLogic('endsWith');
+       // https://github.com/zloirock/core-js/pull/702
+       var MDN_POLYFILL_BUG = !CORRECT_IS_REGEXP_LOGIC && !!function () {
+         var descriptor = getOwnPropertyDescriptor(String.prototype, 'endsWith');
+         return descriptor && !descriptor.writable;
+       }();
 
-               // Also hide in the case where
-               select(selection.node().parentNode).classed('hide', !isOK);
+       // `String.prototype.endsWith` method
+       // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-string.prototype.endswith
+       _export({ target: 'String', proto: true, forced: !MDN_POLYFILL_BUG && !CORRECT_IS_REGEXP_LOGIC }, {
+         endsWith: function endsWith(searchString /* , endPosition = @length */) {
+           var that = String(requireObjectCoercible(this));
+           notARegexp(searchString);
+           var endPosition = arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined;
+           var len = toLength(that.length);
+           var end = endPosition === undefined ? len : min(toLength(endPosition), len);
+           var search = String(searchString);
+           return $endsWith
+             ? $endsWith.call(that, search, end)
+             : that.slice(end - search.length, end) === search;
+         }
+       });
 
-               // if form field is hidden or has detached from dom, clean up.
-               if (!isOK ||
-                   !context.container().select('.inspector-wrap.inspector-hidden').empty() ||
-                   !selection.node().parentNode ||
-                   !selection.node().parentNode.parentNode) {
-                   selection.call(restrictions.off);
-                   return;
-               }
+       function uiFieldWikidata(field, context) {
+         var wikidata = services.wikidata;
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('change');
 
+         var _selection = select(null);
 
-               var wrap = selection.selectAll('.form-field-input-wrap')
-                   .data([0]);
+         var _searchInput = select(null);
 
-               wrap = wrap.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'form-field-input-wrap form-field-input-' + field.type)
-                   .merge(wrap);
+         var _qid = null;
+         var _wikidataEntity = null;
+         var _wikiURL = '';
+         var _entityIDs = [];
 
-               var container = wrap.selectAll('.restriction-container')
-                   .data([0]);
+         var _wikipediaKey = field.keys && field.keys.find(function (key) {
+           return key.includes('wikipedia');
+         }),
+             _hintKey = field.key === 'wikidata' ? 'name' : field.key.split(':')[0];
 
-               // enter
-               var containerEnter = container.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'restriction-container');
+         var combobox = uiCombobox(context, 'combo-' + field.safeid).caseSensitive(true).minItems(1);
 
-               containerEnter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'restriction-help');
+         function wiki(selection) {
+           _selection = selection;
+           var wrap = selection.selectAll('.form-field-input-wrap').data([0]);
+           wrap = wrap.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'form-field-input-wrap form-field-input-' + field.type).merge(wrap);
+           var list = wrap.selectAll('ul').data([0]);
+           list = list.enter().append('ul').attr('class', 'rows').merge(list);
+           var searchRow = list.selectAll('li.wikidata-search').data([0]);
+           var searchRowEnter = searchRow.enter().append('li').attr('class', 'wikidata-search');
+           searchRowEnter.append('input').attr('type', 'text').attr('id', field.domId).style('flex', '1').call(utilNoAuto).on('focus', function () {
+             var node = select(this).node();
+             node.setSelectionRange(0, node.value.length);
+           }).on('blur', function () {
+             setLabelForEntity();
+           }).call(combobox.fetcher(fetchWikidataItems));
+           combobox.on('accept', function (d) {
+             if (d) {
+               _qid = d.id;
+               change();
+             }
+           }).on('cancel', function () {
+             setLabelForEntity();
+           });
+           searchRowEnter.append('button').attr('class', 'form-field-button wiki-link').attr('title', _t('icons.view_on', {
+             domain: 'wikidata.org'
+           })).call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-out-link')).on('click', function (d3_event) {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             if (_wikiURL) window.open(_wikiURL, '_blank');
+           });
+           searchRow = searchRow.merge(searchRowEnter);
+           _searchInput = searchRow.select('input');
+           var wikidataProperties = ['description', 'identifier'];
+           var items = list.selectAll('li.labeled-input').data(wikidataProperties); // Enter
 
-               // update
-               _container = containerEnter
-                   .merge(container)
-                   .call(renderViewer);
+           var enter = items.enter().append('li').attr('class', function (d) {
+             return 'labeled-input preset-wikidata-' + d;
+           });
+           enter.append('span').attr('class', 'label').html(function (d) {
+             return _t.html('wikidata.' + d);
+           });
+           enter.append('input').attr('type', 'text').call(utilNoAuto).classed('disabled', 'true').attr('readonly', 'true');
+           enter.append('button').attr('class', 'form-field-button').attr('title', _t('icons.copy')).call(svgIcon('#iD-operation-copy')).on('click', function (d3_event) {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             select(this.parentNode).select('input').node().select();
+             document.execCommand('copy');
+           });
+         }
 
-               var controls = wrap.selectAll('.restriction-controls')
-                   .data([0]);
+         function fetchWikidataItems(q, callback) {
+           if (!q && _hintKey) {
+             // other tags may be good search terms
+             for (var i in _entityIDs) {
+               var entity = context.hasEntity(_entityIDs[i]);
 
-               // enter/update
-               controls.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'restriction-controls-container')
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'restriction-controls')
-                   .merge(controls)
-                   .call(renderControls);
+               if (entity.tags[_hintKey]) {
+                 q = entity.tags[_hintKey];
+                 break;
+               }
+             }
            }
 
+           wikidata.itemsForSearchQuery(q, function (err, data) {
+             if (err) return;
 
-           function renderControls(selection) {
-               var distControl = selection.selectAll('.restriction-distance')
-                   .data([0]);
+             for (var i in data) {
+               data[i].value = data[i].label + ' (' + data[i].id + ')';
+               data[i].title = data[i].description;
+             }
 
-               distControl.exit()
-                   .remove();
+             if (callback) callback(data);
+           });
+         }
 
-               var distControlEnter = distControl.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'restriction-control restriction-distance');
-
-               distControlEnter
-                   .append('span')
-                   .attr('class', 'restriction-control-label restriction-distance-label')
-                   .text(_t('restriction.controls.distance') + ':');
-
-               distControlEnter
-                   .append('input')
-                   .attr('class', 'restriction-distance-input')
-                   .attr('type', 'range')
-                   .attr('min', '20')
-                   .attr('max', '50')
-                   .attr('step', '5');
-
-               distControlEnter
-                   .append('span')
-                   .attr('class', 'restriction-distance-text');
-
-               // update
-               selection.selectAll('.restriction-distance-input')
-                   .property('value', _maxDistance)
-                   .on('input', function() {
-                       var val = select(this).property('value');
-                       _maxDistance = +val;
-                       _intersection = null;
-                       _container.selectAll('.layer-osm .layer-turns *').remove();
-                       corePreferences('turn-restriction-distance', _maxDistance);
-                       _parent.call(restrictions);
-                   });
+         function change() {
+           var syncTags = {};
+           syncTags[field.key] = _qid;
+           dispatch.call('change', this, syncTags); // attempt asynchronous update of wikidata tag..
 
-               selection.selectAll('.restriction-distance-text')
-                   .text(displayMaxDistance(_maxDistance));
+           var initGraph = context.graph();
+           var initEntityIDs = _entityIDs;
+           wikidata.entityByQID(_qid, function (err, entity) {
+             if (err) return; // If graph has changed, we can't apply this update.
 
+             if (context.graph() !== initGraph) return;
+             if (!entity.sitelinks) return;
+             var langs = wikidata.languagesToQuery(); // use the label and description languages as fallbacks
 
-               var viaControl = selection.selectAll('.restriction-via-way')
-                   .data([0]);
+             ['labels', 'descriptions'].forEach(function (key) {
+               if (!entity[key]) return;
+               var valueLangs = Object.keys(entity[key]);
+               if (valueLangs.length === 0) return;
+               var valueLang = valueLangs[0];
 
-               viaControl.exit()
-                   .remove();
+               if (langs.indexOf(valueLang) === -1) {
+                 langs.push(valueLang);
+               }
+             });
+             var newWikipediaValue;
 
-               var viaControlEnter = viaControl.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'restriction-control restriction-via-way');
-
-               viaControlEnter
-                   .append('span')
-                   .attr('class', 'restriction-control-label restriction-via-way-label')
-                   .text(_t('restriction.controls.via') + ':');
-
-               viaControlEnter
-                   .append('input')
-                   .attr('class', 'restriction-via-way-input')
-                   .attr('type', 'range')
-                   .attr('min', '0')
-                   .attr('max', '2')
-                   .attr('step', '1');
-
-               viaControlEnter
-                   .append('span')
-                   .attr('class', 'restriction-via-way-text');
-
-               // update
-               selection.selectAll('.restriction-via-way-input')
-                   .property('value', _maxViaWay)
-                   .on('input', function() {
-                       var val = select(this).property('value');
-                       _maxViaWay = +val;
-                       _container.selectAll('.layer-osm .layer-turns *').remove();
-                       corePreferences('turn-restriction-via-way0', _maxViaWay);
-                       _parent.call(restrictions);
-                   });
+             if (_wikipediaKey) {
+               var foundPreferred;
 
-               selection.selectAll('.restriction-via-way-text')
-                   .text(displayMaxVia(_maxViaWay));
-           }
+               for (var i in langs) {
+                 var lang = langs[i];
+                 var siteID = lang.replace('-', '_') + 'wiki';
 
+                 if (entity.sitelinks[siteID]) {
+                   foundPreferred = true;
+                   newWikipediaValue = lang + ':' + entity.sitelinks[siteID].title; // use the first match
 
-           function renderViewer(selection) {
-               if (!_intersection) return;
+                   break;
+                 }
+               }
 
-               var vgraph = _intersection.graph;
-               var filter = utilFunctor(true);
-               var projection = geoRawMercator();
+               if (!foundPreferred) {
+                 // No wikipedia sites available in the user's language or the fallback languages,
+                 // default to any wikipedia sitelink
+                 var wikiSiteKeys = Object.keys(entity.sitelinks).filter(function (site) {
+                   return site.endsWith('wiki');
+                 });
 
-               // Reflow warning: `utilGetDimensions` calls `getBoundingClientRect`
-               // Instead of asking the restriction-container for its dimensions,
-               //  we can ask the .sidebar, which can have its dimensions cached.
-               // width: calc as sidebar - padding
-               // height: hardcoded (from `80_app.css`)
-               // var d = utilGetDimensions(selection);
-               var sdims = utilGetDimensions(context.container().select('.sidebar'));
-               var d = [ sdims[0] - 50, 370 ];
-               var c = geoVecScale(d, 0.5);
-               var z = 22;
+                 if (wikiSiteKeys.length === 0) {
+                   // if no wikipedia pages are linked to this wikidata entity, delete that tag
+                   newWikipediaValue = null;
+                 } else {
+                   var wikiLang = wikiSiteKeys[0].slice(0, -4).replace('_', '-');
+                   var wikiTitle = entity.sitelinks[wikiSiteKeys[0]].title;
+                   newWikipediaValue = wikiLang + ':' + wikiTitle;
+                 }
+               }
+             }
 
-               projection.scale(geoZoomToScale(z));
+             if (newWikipediaValue) {
+               newWikipediaValue = context.cleanTagValue(newWikipediaValue);
+             }
 
-               // Calculate extent of all key vertices
-               var extent = geoExtent();
-               for (var i = 0; i < _intersection.vertices.length; i++) {
-                   extent._extend(_intersection.vertices[i].extent());
-               }
+             if (typeof newWikipediaValue === 'undefined') return;
+             var actions = initEntityIDs.map(function (entityID) {
+               var entity = context.hasEntity(entityID);
+               if (!entity) return null;
+               var currTags = Object.assign({}, entity.tags); // shallow copy
 
-               // If this is a large intersection, adjust zoom to fit extent
-               if (_intersection.vertices.length > 1) {
-                   var padding = 180;   // in z22 pixels
-                   var tl = projection([extent[0][0], extent[1][1]]);
-                   var br = projection([extent[1][0], extent[0][1]]);
-                   var hFactor = (br[0] - tl[0]) / (d[0] - padding);
-                   var vFactor = (br[1] - tl[1]) / (d[1] - padding);
-                   var hZoomDiff = Math.log(Math.abs(hFactor)) / Math.LN2;
-                   var vZoomDiff = Math.log(Math.abs(vFactor)) / Math.LN2;
-                   z = z - Math.max(hZoomDiff, vZoomDiff);
-                   projection.scale(geoZoomToScale(z));
+               if (newWikipediaValue === null) {
+                 if (!currTags[_wikipediaKey]) return null;
+                 delete currTags[_wikipediaKey];
+               } else {
+                 currTags[_wikipediaKey] = newWikipediaValue;
                }
 
-               var padTop = 35;   // reserve top space for hint text
-               var extentCenter = projection(extent.center());
-               extentCenter[1] = extentCenter[1] - padTop;
+               return actionChangeTags(entityID, currTags);
+             }).filter(Boolean);
+             if (!actions.length) return; // Coalesce the update of wikidata tag into the previous tag change
 
-               projection
-                   .translate(geoVecSubtract(c, extentCenter))
-                   .clipExtent([[0, 0], d]);
+             context.overwrite(function actionUpdateWikipediaTags(graph) {
+               actions.forEach(function (action) {
+                 graph = action(graph);
+               });
+               return graph;
+             }, context.history().undoAnnotation()); // do not dispatch.call('change') here, because entity_editor
+             // changeTags() is not intended to be called asynchronously
+           });
+         }
 
-               var drawLayers = svgLayers(projection, context).only(['osm','touch']).dimensions(d);
-               var drawVertices = svgVertices(projection, context);
-               var drawLines = svgLines(projection, context);
-               var drawTurns = svgTurns(projection, context);
+         function setLabelForEntity() {
+           var label = '';
 
-               var firstTime = selection.selectAll('.surface').empty();
+           if (_wikidataEntity) {
+             label = entityPropertyForDisplay(_wikidataEntity, 'labels');
 
-               selection
-                   .call(drawLayers);
+             if (label.length === 0) {
+               label = _wikidataEntity.id.toString();
+             }
+           }
 
-               var surface = selection.selectAll('.surface')
-                   .classed('tr', true);
+           utilGetSetValue(_searchInput, label);
+         }
 
-               if (firstTime) {
-                   _initialized = true;
+         wiki.tags = function (tags) {
+           var isMixed = Array.isArray(tags[field.key]);
 
-                   surface
-                       .call(breathe);
-               }
+           _searchInput.attr('title', isMixed ? tags[field.key].filter(Boolean).join('\n') : null).attr('placeholder', isMixed ? _t('inspector.multiple_values') : '').classed('mixed', isMixed);
 
-               // This can happen if we've lowered the detail while a FROM way
-               // is selected, and that way is no longer part of the intersection.
-               if (_fromWayID && !vgraph.hasEntity(_fromWayID)) {
-                   _fromWayID = null;
-                   _oldTurns = null;
-               }
+           _qid = typeof tags[field.key] === 'string' && tags[field.key] || '';
 
-               surface
-                   .call(utilSetDimensions, d)
-                   .call(drawVertices, vgraph, _intersection.vertices, filter, extent, z)
-                   .call(drawLines, vgraph, _intersection.ways, filter)
-                   .call(drawTurns, vgraph, _intersection.turns(_fromWayID, _maxViaWay));
+           if (!/^Q[0-9]*$/.test(_qid)) {
+             // not a proper QID
+             unrecognized();
+             return;
+           } // QID value in correct format
 
-               surface
-                   .on('click.restrictions', click)
-                   .on('mouseover.restrictions', mouseover);
 
-               surface
-                   .selectAll('.selected')
-                   .classed('selected', false);
+           _wikiURL = 'https://wikidata.org/wiki/' + _qid;
+           wikidata.entityByQID(_qid, function (err, entity) {
+             if (err) {
+               unrecognized();
+               return;
+             }
 
-               surface
-                   .selectAll('.related')
-                   .classed('related', false);
+             _wikidataEntity = entity;
+             setLabelForEntity();
+             var description = entityPropertyForDisplay(entity, 'descriptions');
 
-               if (_fromWayID) {
-                   var way = vgraph.entity(_fromWayID);
-                   surface
-                       .selectAll('.' + _fromWayID)
-                       .classed('selected', true)
-                       .classed('related', true);
-               }
+             _selection.select('button.wiki-link').classed('disabled', false);
 
-               document.addEventListener('resizeWindow', function () {
-                   utilSetDimensions(_container, null);
-                   redraw(1);
-               }, false);
+             _selection.select('.preset-wikidata-description').style('display', function () {
+               return description.length > 0 ? 'flex' : 'none';
+             }).select('input').attr('value', description);
 
-               updateHints(null);
+             _selection.select('.preset-wikidata-identifier').style('display', function () {
+               return entity.id ? 'flex' : 'none';
+             }).select('input').attr('value', entity.id);
+           }); // not a proper QID
 
+           function unrecognized() {
+             _wikidataEntity = null;
+             setLabelForEntity();
 
-               function click() {
-                   surface
-                       .call(breathe.off)
-                       .call(breathe);
+             _selection.select('.preset-wikidata-description').style('display', 'none');
 
-                   var datum = event.target.__data__;
-                   var entity = datum && datum.properties && datum.properties.entity;
-                   if (entity) {
-                       datum = entity;
-                   }
+             _selection.select('.preset-wikidata-identifier').style('display', 'none');
 
-                   if (datum instanceof osmWay && (datum.__from || datum.__via)) {
-                       _fromWayID = datum.id;
-                       _oldTurns = null;
-                       redraw();
-
-                   } else if (datum instanceof osmTurn) {
-                       var actions, extraActions, turns, i;
-                       var restrictionType = osmInferRestriction(vgraph, datum, projection);
-
-                       if (datum.restrictionID && !datum.direct) {
-                           return;
-
-                       } else if (datum.restrictionID && !datum.only) {    // NO -> ONLY
-                           var seen = {};
-                           var datumOnly = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(datum));   // deep clone the datum
-                           datumOnly.only = true;                               // but change this property
-                           restrictionType = restrictionType.replace(/^no/, 'only');
-
-                           // Adding an ONLY restriction should destroy all other direct restrictions from the FROM towards the VIA.
-                           // We will remember them in _oldTurns, and restore them if the user clicks again.
-                           turns = _intersection.turns(_fromWayID, 2);
-                           extraActions = [];
-                           _oldTurns = [];
-                           for (i = 0; i < turns.length; i++) {
-                               var turn = turns[i];
-                               if (seen[turn.restrictionID]) continue;  // avoid deleting the turn twice (#4968, #4928)
-
-                               if (turn.direct && turn.path[1] === datum.path[1]) {
-                                   seen[turns[i].restrictionID] = true;
-                                   turn.restrictionType = osmInferRestriction(vgraph, turn, projection);
-                                   _oldTurns.push(turn);
-                                   extraActions.push(actionUnrestrictTurn(turn));
-                               }
-                           }
+             _selection.select('button.wiki-link').classed('disabled', true);
 
-                           actions = _intersection.actions.concat(extraActions, [
-                               actionRestrictTurn(datumOnly, restrictionType),
-                               _t('operations.restriction.annotation.create')
-                           ]);
-
-                       } else if (datum.restrictionID) {   // ONLY -> Allowed
-                           // Restore whatever restrictions we might have destroyed by cycling thru the ONLY state.
-                           // This relies on the assumption that the intersection was already split up when we
-                           // performed the previous action (NO -> ONLY), so the IDs in _oldTurns shouldn't have changed.
-                           turns = _oldTurns || [];
-                           extraActions = [];
-                           for (i = 0; i < turns.length; i++) {
-                               if (turns[i].key !== datum.key) {
-                                   extraActions.push(actionRestrictTurn(turns[i], turns[i].restrictionType));
-                               }
-                           }
-                           _oldTurns = null;
-
-                           actions = _intersection.actions.concat(extraActions, [
-                               actionUnrestrictTurn(datum),
-                               _t('operations.restriction.annotation.delete')
-                           ]);
-
-                       } else {    // Allowed -> NO
-                           actions = _intersection.actions.concat([
-                               actionRestrictTurn(datum, restrictionType),
-                               _t('operations.restriction.annotation.create')
-                           ]);
-                       }
+             if (_qid && _qid !== '') {
+               _wikiURL = 'https://wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Search?search=' + _qid;
+             } else {
+               _wikiURL = '';
+             }
+           }
+         };
 
-                       context.perform.apply(context, actions);
+         function entityPropertyForDisplay(wikidataEntity, propKey) {
+           if (!wikidataEntity[propKey]) return '';
+           var propObj = wikidataEntity[propKey];
+           var langKeys = Object.keys(propObj);
+           if (langKeys.length === 0) return ''; // sorted by priority, since we want to show the user's language first if possible
 
-                       // At this point the datum will be changed, but will have same key..
-                       // Refresh it and update the help..
-                       var s = surface.selectAll('.' + datum.key);
-                       datum = s.empty() ? null : s.datum();
-                       updateHints(datum);
+           var langs = wikidata.languagesToQuery();
 
-                   } else {
-                       _fromWayID = null;
-                       _oldTurns = null;
-                       redraw();
-                   }
-               }
+           for (var i in langs) {
+             var lang = langs[i];
+             var valueObj = propObj[lang];
+             if (valueObj && valueObj.value && valueObj.value.length > 0) return valueObj.value;
+           } // default to any available value
 
 
-               function mouseover() {
-                   var datum = event.target.__data__;
-                   updateHints(datum);
-               }
+           return propObj[langKeys[0]].value;
+         }
+
+         wiki.entityIDs = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _entityIDs;
+           _entityIDs = val;
+           return wiki;
+         };
 
-               _lastXPos = _lastXPos || sdims[0];
+         wiki.focus = function () {
+           _searchInput.node().focus();
+         };
 
-               function redraw(minChange) {
-                   var xPos = -1;
+         return utilRebind(wiki, dispatch, 'on');
+       }
 
-                   if (minChange) {
-                       xPos = utilGetDimensions(context.container().select('.sidebar'))[0];
-                   }
+       function uiFieldWikipedia(field, context) {
+         var _arguments = arguments;
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('change');
+         var wikipedia = services.wikipedia;
+         var wikidata = services.wikidata;
 
-                   if (!minChange || (minChange && Math.abs(xPos - _lastXPos) >= minChange)) {
-                       if (context.hasEntity(_vertexID)) {
-                           _lastXPos = xPos;
-                           _container.call(renderViewer);
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
+         var _langInput = select(null);
 
+         var _titleInput = select(null);
 
-               function highlightPathsFrom(wayID) {
-                   surface.selectAll('.related')
-                       .classed('related', false)
-                       .classed('allow', false)
-                       .classed('restrict', false)
-                       .classed('only', false);
+         var _wikiURL = '';
 
-                   surface.selectAll('.' + wayID)
-                       .classed('related', true);
+         var _entityIDs;
 
-                   if (wayID) {
-                       var turns = _intersection.turns(wayID, _maxViaWay);
-                       for (var i = 0; i < turns.length; i++) {
-                           var turn = turns[i];
-                           var ids = [turn.to.way];
-                           var klass = (turn.no ? 'restrict' : (turn.only ? 'only' : 'allow'));
+         var _tags;
 
-                           if (turn.only || turns.length === 1) {
-                               if (turn.via.ways) {
-                                   ids = ids.concat(turn.via.ways);
-                               }
-                           } else if (turn.to.way === wayID) {
-                               continue;
-                           }
+         var _dataWikipedia = [];
+         _mainFileFetcher.get('wmf_sitematrix').then(function (d) {
+           _dataWikipedia = d;
+           if (_tags) updateForTags(_tags);
+         })["catch"](function () {
+           /* ignore */
+         });
+         var langCombo = uiCombobox(context, 'wikipedia-lang').fetcher(function (value, callback) {
+           var v = value.toLowerCase();
+           callback(_dataWikipedia.filter(function (d) {
+             return d[0].toLowerCase().indexOf(v) >= 0 || d[1].toLowerCase().indexOf(v) >= 0 || d[2].toLowerCase().indexOf(v) >= 0;
+           }).map(function (d) {
+             return {
+               value: d[1]
+             };
+           }));
+         });
+         var titleCombo = uiCombobox(context, 'wikipedia-title').fetcher(function (value, callback) {
+           if (!value) {
+             value = '';
 
-                           surface.selectAll(utilEntitySelector(ids))
-                               .classed('related', true)
-                               .classed('allow', (klass === 'allow'))
-                               .classed('restrict', (klass === 'restrict'))
-                               .classed('only', (klass === 'only'));
-                       }
-                   }
+             for (var i in _entityIDs) {
+               var entity = context.hasEntity(_entityIDs[i]);
+
+               if (entity.tags.name) {
+                 value = entity.tags.name;
+                 break;
                }
+             }
+           }
 
+           var searchfn = value.length > 7 ? wikipedia.search : wikipedia.suggestions;
+           searchfn(language()[2], value, function (query, data) {
+             callback(data.map(function (d) {
+               return {
+                 value: d
+               };
+             }));
+           });
+         });
 
-               function updateHints(datum) {
-                   var help = _container.selectAll('.restriction-help').html('');
+         function wiki(selection) {
+           var wrap = selection.selectAll('.form-field-input-wrap').data([0]);
+           wrap = wrap.enter().append('div').attr('class', "form-field-input-wrap form-field-input-".concat(field.type)).merge(wrap);
+           var langContainer = wrap.selectAll('.wiki-lang-container').data([0]);
+           langContainer = langContainer.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'wiki-lang-container').merge(langContainer);
+           _langInput = langContainer.selectAll('input.wiki-lang').data([0]);
+           _langInput = _langInput.enter().append('input').attr('type', 'text').attr('class', 'wiki-lang').attr('placeholder', _t('translate.localized_translation_language')).call(utilNoAuto).call(langCombo).merge(_langInput);
+
+           _langInput.on('blur', changeLang).on('change', changeLang);
+
+           var titleContainer = wrap.selectAll('.wiki-title-container').data([0]);
+           titleContainer = titleContainer.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'wiki-title-container').merge(titleContainer);
+           _titleInput = titleContainer.selectAll('input.wiki-title').data([0]);
+           _titleInput = _titleInput.enter().append('input').attr('type', 'text').attr('class', 'wiki-title').attr('id', field.domId).call(utilNoAuto).call(titleCombo).merge(_titleInput);
+
+           _titleInput.on('blur', function () {
+             change(true);
+           }).on('change', function () {
+             change(false);
+           });
 
-                   var placeholders = {};
-                   ['from', 'via', 'to'].forEach(function(k) {
-                       placeholders[k] = '<span class="qualifier">' + _t('restriction.help.' + k) + '</span>';
-                   });
+           var link = titleContainer.selectAll('.wiki-link').data([0]);
+           link = link.enter().append('button').attr('class', 'form-field-button wiki-link').attr('title', _t('icons.view_on', {
+             domain: 'wikipedia.org'
+           })).call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-out-link')).merge(link);
+           link.on('click', function (d3_event) {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             if (_wikiURL) window.open(_wikiURL, '_blank');
+           });
+         }
 
-                   var entity = datum && datum.properties && datum.properties.entity;
-                   if (entity) {
-                       datum = entity;
-                   }
+         function defaultLanguageInfo(skipEnglishFallback) {
+           var langCode = _mainLocalizer.languageCode().toLowerCase();
 
-                   if (_fromWayID) {
-                       way = vgraph.entity(_fromWayID);
-                       surface
-                           .selectAll('.' + _fromWayID)
-                           .classed('selected', true)
-                           .classed('related', true);
-                   }
+           for (var i in _dataWikipedia) {
+             var d = _dataWikipedia[i]; // default to the language of iD's current locale
 
-                   // Hovering a way
-                   if (datum instanceof osmWay && datum.__from) {
-                       way = datum;
-
-                       highlightPathsFrom(_fromWayID ? null : way.id);
-                       surface.selectAll('.' + way.id)
-                           .classed('related', true);
-
-                       var clickSelect = (!_fromWayID || _fromWayID !== way.id);
-                       help
-                           .append('div')      // "Click to select FROM {fromName}." / "FROM {fromName}"
-                           .html(_t('restriction.help.' + (clickSelect ? 'select_from_name' : 'from_name'), {
-                               from: placeholders.from,
-                               fromName: displayName(way.id, vgraph)
-                           }));
-
-
-                   // Hovering a turn arrow
-                   } else if (datum instanceof osmTurn) {
-                       var restrictionType = osmInferRestriction(vgraph, datum, projection);
-                       var turnType = restrictionType.replace(/^(only|no)\_/, '');
-                       var indirect = (datum.direct === false ? _t('restriction.help.indirect') : '');
-                       var klass, turnText, nextText;
-
-                       if (datum.no) {
-                           klass = 'restrict';
-                           turnText = _t('restriction.help.turn.no_' + turnType, { indirect: indirect });
-                           nextText = _t('restriction.help.turn.only_' + turnType, { indirect: '' });
-                       } else if (datum.only) {
-                           klass = 'only';
-                           turnText = _t('restriction.help.turn.only_' + turnType, { indirect: indirect });
-                           nextText = _t('restriction.help.turn.allowed_' + turnType, { indirect: '' });
-                       } else {
-                           klass = 'allow';
-                           turnText = _t('restriction.help.turn.allowed_' + turnType, { indirect: indirect });
-                           nextText = _t('restriction.help.turn.no_' + turnType, { indirect: '' });
-                       }
+             if (d[2] === langCode) return d;
+           } // fallback to English
 
-                       help
-                           .append('div')      // "NO Right Turn (indirect)"
-                           .attr('class', 'qualifier ' + klass)
-                           .text(turnText);
-
-                       help
-                           .append('div')      // "FROM {fromName} TO {toName}"
-                           .html(_t('restriction.help.from_name_to_name', {
-                               from: placeholders.from,
-                               fromName: displayName(datum.from.way, vgraph),
-                               to: placeholders.to,
-                               toName: displayName(datum.to.way, vgraph)
-                           }));
-
-                       if (datum.via.ways && datum.via.ways.length) {
-                           var names = [];
-                           for (var i = 0; i < datum.via.ways.length; i++) {
-                               var prev = names[names.length - 1];
-                               var curr = displayName(datum.via.ways[i], vgraph);
-                               if (!prev || curr !== prev)   // collapse identical names
-                                   names.push(curr);
-                           }
 
-                           help
-                               .append('div')      // "VIA {viaNames}"
-                               .html(_t('restriction.help.via_names', {
-                                   via: placeholders.via,
-                                   viaNames: names.join(', ')
-                               }));
-                       }
+           return skipEnglishFallback ? ['', '', ''] : ['English', 'English', 'en'];
+         }
 
-                       if (!indirect) {
-                           help
-                               .append('div')      // Click for "No Right Turn"
-                               .text(_t('restriction.help.toggle', { turn: nextText.trim() }));
-                       }
+         function language(skipEnglishFallback) {
+           var value = utilGetSetValue(_langInput).toLowerCase();
 
-                       highlightPathsFrom(null);
-                       var alongIDs = datum.path.slice();
-                       surface.selectAll(utilEntitySelector(alongIDs))
-                           .classed('related', true)
-                           .classed('allow', (klass === 'allow'))
-                           .classed('restrict', (klass === 'restrict'))
-                           .classed('only', (klass === 'only'));
+           for (var i in _dataWikipedia) {
+             var d = _dataWikipedia[i]; // return the language already set in the UI, if supported
 
+             if (d[0].toLowerCase() === value || d[1].toLowerCase() === value || d[2] === value) return d;
+           } // fallback to English
 
-                   // Hovering empty surface
-                   } else {
-                       highlightPathsFrom(null);
-                       if (_fromWayID) {
-                           help
-                               .append('div')      // "FROM {fromName}"
-                               .html(_t('restriction.help.from_name', {
-                                   from: placeholders.from,
-                                   fromName: displayName(_fromWayID, vgraph)
-                               }));
 
-                       } else {
-                           help
-                               .append('div')      // "Click to select a FROM segment."
-                               .html(_t('restriction.help.select_from', {
-                                   from: placeholders.from
-                               }));
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
-           }
+           return defaultLanguageInfo(skipEnglishFallback);
+         }
 
+         function changeLang() {
+           utilGetSetValue(_langInput, language()[1]);
+           change(true);
+         }
 
-           function displayMaxDistance(maxDist) {
-               var isImperial = !_mainLocalizer.usesMetric();
-               var opts;
+         function change(skipWikidata) {
+           var value = utilGetSetValue(_titleInput);
+           var m = value.match(/https?:\/\/([-a-z]+)\.wikipedia\.org\/(?:wiki|\1-[-a-z]+)\/([^#]+)(?:#(.+))?/);
 
-               if (isImperial) {
-                   var distToFeet = {   // imprecise conversion for prettier display
-                       20: 70, 25: 85, 30: 100, 35: 115, 40: 130, 45: 145, 50: 160
-                   }[maxDist];
-                   opts = { distance: _t('units.feet', { quantity: distToFeet }) };
-               } else {
-                   opts = { distance: _t('units.meters', { quantity: maxDist }) };
-               }
+           var langInfo = m && _dataWikipedia.find(function (d) {
+             return m[1] === d[2];
+           });
 
-               return _t('restriction.controls.distance_up_to', opts);
-           }
+           var syncTags = {};
 
+           if (langInfo) {
+             var nativeLangName = langInfo[1]; // Normalize title http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/API:Query#Title_normalization
 
-           function displayMaxVia(maxVia) {
-               return maxVia === 0 ? _t('restriction.controls.via_node_only')
-                   : maxVia === 1 ? _t('restriction.controls.via_up_to_one')
-                   : _t('restriction.controls.via_up_to_two');
-           }
+             value = decodeURIComponent(m[2]).replace(/_/g, ' ');
 
+             if (m[3]) {
+               var anchor; // try {
+               // leave this out for now - #6232
+               // Best-effort `anchordecode:` implementation
+               // anchor = decodeURIComponent(m[3].replace(/\.([0-9A-F]{2})/g, '%$1'));
+               // } catch (e) {
 
-           function displayName(entityID, graph) {
-               var entity = graph.entity(entityID);
-               var name = utilDisplayName(entity) || '';
-               var matched = _mainPresetIndex.match(entity, graph);
-               var type = (matched && matched.name()) || utilDisplayType(entity.id);
-               return name || type;
-           }
+               anchor = decodeURIComponent(m[3]); // }
 
+               value += '#' + anchor.replace(/_/g, ' ');
+             }
 
-           restrictions.entityIDs = function(val) {
-               _intersection = null;
-               _fromWayID = null;
-               _oldTurns = null;
-               _vertexID = val[0];
-           };
+             value = value.slice(0, 1).toUpperCase() + value.slice(1);
+             utilGetSetValue(_langInput, nativeLangName);
+             utilGetSetValue(_titleInput, value);
+           }
 
+           if (value) {
+             syncTags.wikipedia = context.cleanTagValue(language()[2] + ':' + value);
+           } else {
+             syncTags.wikipedia = undefined;
+           }
 
-           restrictions.tags = function() {};
-           restrictions.focus = function() {};
+           dispatch.call('change', this, syncTags);
+           if (skipWikidata || !value || !language()[2]) return; // attempt asynchronous update of wikidata tag..
 
+           var initGraph = context.graph();
+           var initEntityIDs = _entityIDs;
+           wikidata.itemsByTitle(language()[2], value, function (err, data) {
+             if (err || !data || !Object.keys(data).length) return; // If graph has changed, we can't apply this update.
 
-           restrictions.off = function(selection) {
-               if (!_initialized) return;
+             if (context.graph() !== initGraph) return;
+             var qids = Object.keys(data);
+             var value = qids && qids.find(function (id) {
+               return id.match(/^Q\d+$/);
+             });
+             var actions = initEntityIDs.map(function (entityID) {
+               var entity = context.entity(entityID).tags;
+               var currTags = Object.assign({}, entity); // shallow copy
 
-               selection.selectAll('.surface')
-                   .call(breathe.off)
-                   .on('click.restrictions', null)
-                   .on('mouseover.restrictions', null);
+               if (currTags.wikidata !== value) {
+                 currTags.wikidata = value;
+                 return actionChangeTags(entityID, currTags);
+               }
 
-               select(window)
-                   .on('resize.restrictions', null);
-           };
+               return null;
+             }).filter(Boolean);
+             if (!actions.length) return; // Coalesce the update of wikidata tag into the previous tag change
 
+             context.overwrite(function actionUpdateWikidataTags(graph) {
+               actions.forEach(function (action) {
+                 graph = action(graph);
+               });
+               return graph;
+             }, context.history().undoAnnotation()); // do not dispatch.call('change') here, because entity_editor
+             // changeTags() is not intended to be called asynchronously
+           });
+         }
 
-           return utilRebind(restrictions, dispatch$1, 'on');
-       }
+         wiki.tags = function (tags) {
+           _tags = tags;
+           updateForTags(tags);
+         };
 
-       uiFieldRestrictions.supportsMultiselection = false;
+         function updateForTags(tags) {
+           var value = typeof tags[field.key] === 'string' ? tags[field.key] : ''; // Expect tag format of `tagLang:tagArticleTitle`, e.g. `fr:Paris`, with
+           // optional suffix of `#anchor`
 
-       function uiFieldTextarea(field, context) {
-           var dispatch$1 = dispatch('change');
-           var input = select(null);
-           var _tags;
+           var m = value.match(/([^:]+):([^#]+)(?:#(.+))?/);
+           var tagLang = m && m[1];
+           var tagArticleTitle = m && m[2];
+           var anchor = m && m[3];
 
+           var tagLangInfo = tagLang && _dataWikipedia.find(function (d) {
+             return tagLang === d[2];
+           }); // value in correct format
 
-           function textarea(selection) {
-               var wrap = selection.selectAll('.form-field-input-wrap')
-                   .data([0]);
 
-               wrap = wrap.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'form-field-input-wrap form-field-input-' + field.type)
-                   .merge(wrap);
+           if (tagLangInfo) {
+             var nativeLangName = tagLangInfo[1];
+             utilGetSetValue(_langInput, nativeLangName);
+             utilGetSetValue(_titleInput, tagArticleTitle + (anchor ? '#' + anchor : ''));
+
+             if (anchor) {
+               try {
+                 // Best-effort `anchorencode:` implementation
+                 anchor = encodeURIComponent(anchor.replace(/ /g, '_')).replace(/%/g, '.');
+               } catch (e) {
+                 anchor = anchor.replace(/ /g, '_');
+               }
+             }
 
-               input = wrap.selectAll('textarea')
-                   .data([0]);
+             _wikiURL = 'https://' + tagLang + '.wikipedia.org/wiki/' + tagArticleTitle.replace(/ /g, '_') + (anchor ? '#' + anchor : ''); // unrecognized value format
+           } else {
+             utilGetSetValue(_titleInput, value);
 
-               input = input.enter()
-                   .append('textarea')
-                   .attr('id', field.domId)
-                   .call(utilNoAuto)
-                   .on('input', change(true))
-                   .on('blur', change())
-                   .on('change', change())
-                   .merge(input);
+             if (value && value !== '') {
+               utilGetSetValue(_langInput, '');
+               var defaultLangInfo = defaultLanguageInfo();
+               _wikiURL = "https://".concat(defaultLangInfo[2], ".wikipedia.org/w/index.php?fulltext=1&search=").concat(value);
+             } else {
+               var shownOrDefaultLangInfo = language(true
+               /* skipEnglishFallback */
+               );
+               utilGetSetValue(_langInput, shownOrDefaultLangInfo[1]);
+               _wikiURL = '';
+             }
            }
+         }
 
+         wiki.entityIDs = function (val) {
+           if (!_arguments.length) return _entityIDs;
+           _entityIDs = val;
+           return wiki;
+         };
 
-           function change(onInput) {
-               return function() {
+         wiki.focus = function () {
+           _titleInput.node().focus();
+         };
 
-                   var val = utilGetSetValue(input);
-                   if (!onInput) val = context.cleanTagValue(val);
+         return utilRebind(wiki, dispatch, 'on');
+       }
+       uiFieldWikipedia.supportsMultiselection = false;
 
-                   // don't override multiple values with blank string
-                   if (!val && Array.isArray(_tags[field.key])) return;
+       var uiFields = {
+         access: uiFieldAccess,
+         address: uiFieldAddress,
+         check: uiFieldCheck,
+         combo: uiFieldCombo,
+         cycleway: uiFieldCycleway,
+         defaultCheck: uiFieldCheck,
+         email: uiFieldText,
+         identifier: uiFieldText,
+         lanes: uiFieldLanes,
+         localized: uiFieldLocalized,
+         roadspeed: uiFieldRoadspeed,
+         roadheight: uiFieldText,
+         manyCombo: uiFieldCombo,
+         multiCombo: uiFieldCombo,
+         networkCombo: uiFieldCombo,
+         number: uiFieldText,
+         onewayCheck: uiFieldCheck,
+         radio: uiFieldRadio,
+         restrictions: uiFieldRestrictions,
+         semiCombo: uiFieldCombo,
+         structureRadio: uiFieldRadio,
+         tel: uiFieldText,
+         text: uiFieldText,
+         textarea: uiFieldTextarea,
+         typeCombo: uiFieldCombo,
+         url: uiFieldText,
+         wikidata: uiFieldWikidata,
+         wikipedia: uiFieldWikipedia
+       };
 
-                   var t = {};
-                   t[field.key] = val || undefined;
-                   dispatch$1.call('change', this, t, onInput);
-               };
-           }
+       function uiField(context, presetField, entityIDs, options) {
+         options = Object.assign({
+           show: true,
+           wrap: true,
+           remove: true,
+           revert: true,
+           info: true
+         }, options);
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('change', 'revert');
+         var field = Object.assign({}, presetField); // shallow copy
 
+         field.domId = utilUniqueDomId('form-field-' + field.safeid);
+         var _show = options.show;
+         var _state = '';
+         var _tags = {};
 
-           textarea.tags = function(tags) {
-               _tags = tags;
+         var _entityExtent;
 
-               var isMixed = Array.isArray(tags[field.key]);
+         if (entityIDs && entityIDs.length) {
+           _entityExtent = entityIDs.reduce(function (extent, entityID) {
+             var entity = context.graph().entity(entityID);
+             return extent.extend(entity.extent(context.graph()));
+           }, geoExtent());
+         }
 
-               utilGetSetValue(input, !isMixed && tags[field.key] ? tags[field.key] : '')
-                   .attr('title', isMixed ? tags[field.key].filter(Boolean).join('\n') : undefined)
-                   .attr('placeholder', isMixed ? _t('inspector.multiple_values') : (field.placeholder() || _t('inspector.unknown')))
-                   .classed('mixed', isMixed);
-           };
+         var _locked = false;
 
+         var _lockedTip = uiTooltip().title(_t.html('inspector.lock.suggestion', {
+           label: field.label
+         })).placement('bottom');
 
-           textarea.focus = function() {
-               input.node().focus();
-           };
+         field.keys = field.keys || [field.key]; // only create the fields that are actually being shown
 
+         if (_show && !field.impl) {
+           createField();
+         } // Creates the field.. This is done lazily,
+         // once we know that the field will be shown.
 
-           return utilRebind(textarea, dispatch$1, 'on');
-       }
 
-       function uiFieldWikidata(field, context) {
-           var wikidata = services.wikidata;
-           var dispatch$1 = dispatch('change');
-
-           var _selection = select(null);
-           var _searchInput = select(null);
-           var _qid = null;
-           var _wikidataEntity = null;
-           var _wikiURL = '';
-           var _entityIDs = [];
-
-           var _wikipediaKey = field.keys && field.keys.find(function(key) {
-                   return key.includes('wikipedia');
-               }),
-               _hintKey = field.key === 'wikidata' ? 'name' : field.key.split(':')[0];
+         function createField() {
+           field.impl = uiFields[field.type](field, context).on('change', function (t, onInput) {
+             dispatch.call('change', field, t, onInput);
+           });
 
-           var combobox = uiCombobox(context, 'combo-' + field.safeid)
-               .caseSensitive(true)
-               .minItems(1);
+           if (entityIDs) {
+             field.entityIDs = entityIDs; // if this field cares about the entities, pass them along
 
-           function wiki(selection) {
+             if (field.impl.entityIDs) {
+               field.impl.entityIDs(entityIDs);
+             }
+           }
+         }
 
-               _selection = selection;
+         function isModified() {
+           if (!entityIDs || !entityIDs.length) return false;
+           return entityIDs.some(function (entityID) {
+             var original = context.graph().base().entities[entityID];
+             var latest = context.graph().entity(entityID);
+             return field.keys.some(function (key) {
+               return original ? latest.tags[key] !== original.tags[key] : latest.tags[key];
+             });
+           });
+         }
 
-               var wrap = selection.selectAll('.form-field-input-wrap')
-                   .data([0]);
+         function tagsContainFieldKey() {
+           return field.keys.some(function (key) {
+             if (field.type === 'multiCombo') {
+               for (var tagKey in _tags) {
+                 if (tagKey.indexOf(key) === 0) {
+                   return true;
+                 }
+               }
 
-               wrap = wrap.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'form-field-input-wrap form-field-input-' + field.type)
-                   .merge(wrap);
-
-
-               var list = wrap.selectAll('ul')
-                   .data([0]);
-
-               list = list.enter()
-                   .append('ul')
-                   .attr('class', 'rows')
-                   .merge(list);
-
-               var searchRow = list.selectAll('li.wikidata-search')
-                   .data([0]);
-
-               var searchRowEnter = searchRow.enter()
-                   .append('li')
-                   .attr('class', 'wikidata-search');
-
-               searchRowEnter
-                   .append('input')
-                   .attr('type', 'text')
-                   .attr('id', field.domId)
-                   .style('flex', '1')
-                   .call(utilNoAuto)
-                   .on('focus', function() {
-                       var node = select(this).node();
-                       node.setSelectionRange(0, node.value.length);
-                   })
-                   .on('blur', function() {
-                       setLabelForEntity();
-                   })
-                   .call(combobox.fetcher(fetchWikidataItems));
-
-               combobox.on('accept', function(d) {
-                   _qid = d.id;
-                   change();
-               }).on('cancel', function() {
-                   setLabelForEntity();
-               });
+               return false;
+             }
 
-               searchRowEnter
-                   .append('button')
-                   .attr('class', 'form-field-button wiki-link')
-                   .attr('title', _t('icons.view_on', { domain: 'wikidata.org' }))
-                   .attr('tabindex', -1)
-                   .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-out-link'))
-                   .on('click', function() {
-                       event.preventDefault();
-                       if (_wikiURL) window.open(_wikiURL, '_blank');
-                   });
+             return _tags[key] !== undefined;
+           });
+         }
 
-               searchRow = searchRow.merge(searchRowEnter);
-
-               _searchInput = searchRow.select('input');
-
-               var wikidataProperties = ['description', 'identifier'];
-
-               var items = list.selectAll('li.labeled-input')
-                   .data(wikidataProperties);
-
-               // Enter
-               var enter = items.enter()
-                   .append('li')
-                   .attr('class', function(d) { return 'labeled-input preset-wikidata-' + d; });
-
-               enter
-                   .append('span')
-                   .attr('class', 'label')
-                   .text(function(d) { return _t('wikidata.' + d); });
-
-               enter
-                   .append('input')
-                   .attr('type', 'text')
-                   .call(utilNoAuto)
-                   .classed('disabled', 'true')
-                   .attr('readonly', 'true');
-
-               enter
-                   .append('button')
-                   .attr('class', 'form-field-button')
-                   .attr('title', _t('icons.copy'))
-                   .attr('tabindex', -1)
-                   .call(svgIcon('#iD-operation-copy'))
-                   .on('click', function() {
-                       event.preventDefault();
-                       select(this.parentNode)
-                           .select('input')
-                           .node()
-                           .select();
-                       document.execCommand('copy');
-                   });
+         function revert(d3_event, d) {
+           d3_event.stopPropagation();
+           d3_event.preventDefault();
+           if (!entityIDs || _locked) return;
+           dispatch.call('revert', d, d.keys);
+         }
 
-           }
+         function remove(d3_event, d) {
+           d3_event.stopPropagation();
+           d3_event.preventDefault();
+           if (_locked) return;
+           var t = {};
+           d.keys.forEach(function (key) {
+             t[key] = undefined;
+           });
+           dispatch.call('change', d, t);
+         }
 
-           function fetchWikidataItems(q, callback) {
+         field.render = function (selection) {
+           var container = selection.selectAll('.form-field').data([field]); // Enter
 
-               if (!q && _hintKey) {
-                   // other tags may be good search terms
-                   for (var i in _entityIDs) {
-                       var entity = context.hasEntity(_entityIDs[i]);
-                       if (entity.tags[_hintKey]) {
-                           q = entity.tags[_hintKey];
-                           break;
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
+           var enter = container.enter().append('div').attr('class', function (d) {
+             return 'form-field form-field-' + d.safeid;
+           }).classed('nowrap', !options.wrap);
 
-               wikidata.itemsForSearchQuery(q, function(err, data) {
-                   if (err) return;
+           if (options.wrap) {
+             var labelEnter = enter.append('label').attr('class', 'field-label').attr('for', function (d) {
+               return d.domId;
+             });
+             var textEnter = labelEnter.append('span').attr('class', 'label-text');
+             textEnter.append('span').attr('class', 'label-textvalue').html(function (d) {
+               return d.label();
+             });
+             textEnter.append('span').attr('class', 'label-textannotation');
 
-                   for (var i in data) {
-                       data[i].value = data[i].label + ' (' +  data[i].id + ')';
-                       data[i].title = data[i].description;
-                   }
+             if (options.remove) {
+               labelEnter.append('button').attr('class', 'remove-icon').attr('title', _t('icons.remove')).call(svgIcon('#iD-operation-delete'));
+             }
 
-                   if (callback) callback(data);
-               });
-           }
+             if (options.revert) {
+               labelEnter.append('button').attr('class', 'modified-icon').attr('title', _t('icons.undo')).call(svgIcon(_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl' ? '#iD-icon-redo' : '#iD-icon-undo'));
+             }
+           } // Update
 
 
-           function change() {
-               var syncTags = {};
-               syncTags[field.key] = _qid;
-               dispatch$1.call('change', this, syncTags);
+           container = container.merge(enter);
+           container.select('.field-label > .remove-icon') // propagate bound data
+           .on('click', remove);
+           container.select('.field-label > .modified-icon') // propagate bound data
+           .on('click', revert);
+           container.each(function (d) {
+             var selection = select(this);
 
-               // attempt asynchronous update of wikidata tag..
-               var initGraph = context.graph();
-               var initEntityIDs = _entityIDs;
+             if (!d.impl) {
+               createField();
+             }
 
-               wikidata.entityByQID(_qid, function(err, entity) {
-                   if (err) return;
+             var reference, help; // instantiate field help
 
-                   // If graph has changed, we can't apply this update.
-                   if (context.graph() !== initGraph) return;
+             if (options.wrap && field.type === 'restrictions') {
+               help = uiFieldHelp(context, 'restrictions');
+             } // instantiate tag reference
 
-                   if (!entity.sitelinks) return;
 
-                   var langs = wikidata.languagesToQuery();
-                   // use the label and description languages as fallbacks
-                   ['labels', 'descriptions'].forEach(function(key) {
-                       if (!entity[key]) return;
+             if (options.wrap && options.info) {
+               var referenceKey = d.key || '';
 
-                       var valueLangs = Object.keys(entity[key]);
-                       if (valueLangs.length === 0) return;
-                       var valueLang = valueLangs[0];
+               if (d.type === 'multiCombo') {
+                 // lookup key without the trailing ':'
+                 referenceKey = referenceKey.replace(/:$/, '');
+               }
 
-                       if (langs.indexOf(valueLang) === -1) {
-                           langs.push(valueLang);
-                       }
-                   });
+               reference = uiTagReference(d.reference || {
+                 key: referenceKey
+               });
 
-                   var newWikipediaValue;
-
-                   if (_wikipediaKey) {
-                       var foundPreferred;
-                       for (var i in langs) {
-                           var lang = langs[i];
-                           var siteID = lang.replace('-', '_') + 'wiki';
-                           if (entity.sitelinks[siteID]) {
-                               foundPreferred = true;
-                               newWikipediaValue = lang + ':' + entity.sitelinks[siteID].title;
-                               // use the first match
-                               break;
-                           }
-                       }
+               if (_state === 'hover') {
+                 reference.showing(false);
+               }
+             }
 
-                       if (!foundPreferred) {
-                           // No wikipedia sites available in the user's language or the fallback languages,
-                           // default to any wikipedia sitelink
+             selection.call(d.impl); // add field help components
 
-                           var wikiSiteKeys = Object.keys(entity.sitelinks).filter(function(site) {
-                               return site.endsWith('wiki');
-                           });
+             if (help) {
+               selection.call(help.body).select('.field-label').call(help.button);
+             } // add tag reference components
 
-                           if (wikiSiteKeys.length === 0) {
-                               // if no wikipedia pages are linked to this wikidata entity, delete that tag
-                               newWikipediaValue = null;
-                           } else {
-                               var wikiLang = wikiSiteKeys[0].slice(0, -4).replace('_', '-');
-                               var wikiTitle = entity.sitelinks[wikiSiteKeys[0]].title;
-                               newWikipediaValue = wikiLang + ':' + wikiTitle;
-                           }
-                       }
-                   }
 
-                   if (newWikipediaValue) {
-                       newWikipediaValue = context.cleanTagValue(newWikipediaValue);
-                   }
+             if (reference) {
+               selection.call(reference.body).select('.field-label').call(reference.button);
+             }
 
-                   if (typeof newWikipediaValue === 'undefined') return;
+             d.impl.tags(_tags);
+           });
+           container.classed('locked', _locked).classed('modified', isModified()).classed('present', tagsContainFieldKey()); // show a tip and lock icon if the field is locked
 
-                   var actions = initEntityIDs.map(function(entityID) {
-                       var entity = context.hasEntity(entityID);
-                       if (!entity) return;
+           var annotation = container.selectAll('.field-label .label-textannotation');
+           var icon = annotation.selectAll('.icon').data(_locked ? [0] : []);
+           icon.exit().remove();
+           icon.enter().append('svg').attr('class', 'icon').append('use').attr('xlink:href', '#fas-lock');
+           container.call(_locked ? _lockedTip : _lockedTip.destroy);
+         };
 
-                       var currTags = Object.assign({}, entity.tags);  // shallow copy
-                       if (newWikipediaValue === null) {
-                           if (!currTags[_wikipediaKey]) return;
+         field.state = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _state;
+           _state = val;
+           return field;
+         };
 
-                           delete currTags[_wikipediaKey];
-                       } else {
-                           currTags[_wikipediaKey] = newWikipediaValue;
-                       }
+         field.tags = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _tags;
+           _tags = val;
 
-                       return actionChangeTags(entityID, currTags);
-                   }).filter(Boolean);
+           if (tagsContainFieldKey() && !_show) {
+             // always show a field if it has a value to display
+             _show = true;
 
-                   if (!actions.length) return;
+             if (!field.impl) {
+               createField();
+             }
+           }
 
-                   // Coalesce the update of wikidata tag into the previous tag change
-                   context.overwrite(
-                       function actionUpdateWikipediaTags(graph) {
-                           actions.forEach(function(action) {
-                               graph = action(graph);
-                           });
-                           return graph;
-                       },
-                       context.history().undoAnnotation()
-                   );
+           return field;
+         };
 
-                   // do not dispatch.call('change') here, because entity_editor
-                   // changeTags() is not intended to be called asynchronously
-               });
+         field.locked = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _locked;
+           _locked = val;
+           return field;
+         };
+
+         field.show = function () {
+           _show = true;
+
+           if (!field.impl) {
+             createField();
            }
 
-           function setLabelForEntity() {
-               var label = '';
-               if (_wikidataEntity) {
-                   label = entityPropertyForDisplay(_wikidataEntity, 'labels');
-                   if (label.length === 0) {
-                       label = _wikidataEntity.id.toString();
-                   }
-               }
-               utilGetSetValue(_searchInput, label);
+           if (field["default"] && field.key && _tags[field.key] !== field["default"]) {
+             var t = {};
+             t[field.key] = field["default"];
+             dispatch.call('change', this, t);
            }
+         }; // A shown field has a visible UI, a non-shown field is in the 'Add field' dropdown
 
 
-           wiki.tags = function(tags) {
+         field.isShown = function () {
+           return _show;
+         }; // An allowed field can appear in the UI or in the 'Add field' dropdown.
+         // A non-allowed field is hidden from the user altogether
 
-               var isMixed = Array.isArray(tags[field.key]);
-               _searchInput
-                   .attr('title', isMixed ? tags[field.key].filter(Boolean).join('\n') : null)
-                   .attr('placeholder', isMixed ? _t('inspector.multiple_values') : '')
-                   .classed('mixed', isMixed);
 
-               _qid = typeof tags[field.key] === 'string' && tags[field.key] || '';
+         field.isAllowed = function () {
+           if (entityIDs && entityIDs.length > 1 && uiFields[field.type].supportsMultiselection === false) return false;
+           if (field.geometry && !entityIDs.every(function (entityID) {
+             return field.matchGeometry(context.graph().geometry(entityID));
+           })) return false;
 
-               if (!/^Q[0-9]*$/.test(_qid)) {   // not a proper QID
-                   unrecognized();
-                   return;
-               }
+           if (entityIDs && _entityExtent && field.locationSetID) {
+             // is field allowed in this location?
+             var validLocations = _mainLocations.locationsAt(_entityExtent.center());
+             if (!validLocations[field.locationSetID]) return false;
+           }
 
-               // QID value in correct format
-               _wikiURL = 'https://wikidata.org/wiki/' + _qid;
-               wikidata.entityByQID(_qid, function(err, entity) {
-                   if (err) {
-                       unrecognized();
-                       return;
-                   }
-                   _wikidataEntity = entity;
+           var prerequisiteTag = field.prerequisiteTag;
+
+           if (entityIDs && !tagsContainFieldKey() && // ignore tagging prerequisites if a value is already present
+           prerequisiteTag) {
+             if (!entityIDs.every(function (entityID) {
+               var entity = context.graph().entity(entityID);
+
+               if (prerequisiteTag.key) {
+                 var value = entity.tags[prerequisiteTag.key];
+                 if (!value) return false;
 
-                   setLabelForEntity();
+                 if (prerequisiteTag.valueNot) {
+                   return prerequisiteTag.valueNot !== value;
+                 }
 
-                   var description = entityPropertyForDisplay(entity, 'descriptions');
+                 if (prerequisiteTag.value) {
+                   return prerequisiteTag.value === value;
+                 }
+               } else if (prerequisiteTag.keyNot) {
+                 if (entity.tags[prerequisiteTag.keyNot]) return false;
+               }
 
-                   _selection.select('button.wiki-link')
-                       .classed('disabled', false);
+               return true;
+             })) return false;
+           }
 
-                   _selection.select('.preset-wikidata-description')
-                       .style('display', function(){
-                           return description.length > 0 ? 'flex' : 'none';
-                       })
-                       .select('input')
-                       .attr('value', description);
+           return true;
+         };
 
-                   _selection.select('.preset-wikidata-identifier')
-                       .style('display', function(){
-                           return entity.id ? 'flex' : 'none';
-                       })
-                       .select('input')
-                       .attr('value', entity.id);
-               });
+         field.focus = function () {
+           if (field.impl) {
+             field.impl.focus();
+           }
+         };
 
+         return utilRebind(field, dispatch, 'on');
+       }
 
-               // not a proper QID
-               function unrecognized() {
-                   _wikidataEntity = null;
-                   setLabelForEntity();
+       function uiFormFields(context) {
+         var moreCombo = uiCombobox(context, 'more-fields').minItems(1);
+         var _fieldsArr = [];
+         var _lastPlaceholder = '';
+         var _state = '';
+         var _klass = '';
+
+         function formFields(selection) {
+           var allowedFields = _fieldsArr.filter(function (field) {
+             return field.isAllowed();
+           });
 
-                   _selection.select('.preset-wikidata-description')
-                       .style('display', 'none');
-                   _selection.select('.preset-wikidata-identifier')
-                       .style('display', 'none');
+           var shown = allowedFields.filter(function (field) {
+             return field.isShown();
+           });
+           var notShown = allowedFields.filter(function (field) {
+             return !field.isShown();
+           });
+           var container = selection.selectAll('.form-fields-container').data([0]);
+           container = container.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'form-fields-container ' + (_klass || '')).merge(container);
+           var fields = container.selectAll('.wrap-form-field').data(shown, function (d) {
+             return d.id + (d.entityIDs ? d.entityIDs.join() : '');
+           });
+           fields.exit().remove(); // Enter
 
-                   _selection.select('button.wiki-link')
-                       .classed('disabled', true);
+           var enter = fields.enter().append('div').attr('class', function (d) {
+             return 'wrap-form-field wrap-form-field-' + d.safeid;
+           }); // Update
 
-                   if (_qid && _qid !== '') {
-                       _wikiURL = 'https://wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Search?search=' + _qid;
-                   } else {
-                       _wikiURL = '';
-                   }
-               }
-           };
+           fields = fields.merge(enter);
+           fields.order().each(function (d) {
+             select(this).call(d.render);
+           });
+           var titles = [];
+           var moreFields = notShown.map(function (field) {
+             var title = field.title();
+             titles.push(title);
+             var terms = field.terms();
+             if (field.key) terms.push(field.key);
+             if (field.keys) terms = terms.concat(field.keys);
+             return {
+               display: field.label(),
+               value: title,
+               title: title,
+               field: field,
+               terms: terms
+             };
+           });
+           var placeholder = titles.slice(0, 3).join(', ') + (titles.length > 3 ? '…' : '');
+           var more = selection.selectAll('.more-fields').data(_state === 'hover' || moreFields.length === 0 ? [] : [0]);
+           more.exit().remove();
+           var moreEnter = more.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'more-fields').append('label');
+           moreEnter.append('span').html(_t.html('inspector.add_fields'));
+           more = moreEnter.merge(more);
+           var input = more.selectAll('.value').data([0]);
+           input.exit().remove();
+           input = input.enter().append('input').attr('class', 'value').attr('type', 'text').attr('placeholder', placeholder).call(utilNoAuto).merge(input);
+           input.call(utilGetSetValue, '').call(moreCombo.data(moreFields).on('accept', function (d) {
+             if (!d) return; // user entered something that was not matched
+
+             var field = d.field;
+             field.show();
+             selection.call(formFields); // rerender
+
+             field.focus();
+           })); // avoid updating placeholder excessively (triggers style recalc)
+
+           if (_lastPlaceholder !== placeholder) {
+             input.attr('placeholder', placeholder);
+             _lastPlaceholder = placeholder;
+           }
+         }
+
+         formFields.fieldsArr = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _fieldsArr;
+           _fieldsArr = val || [];
+           return formFields;
+         };
 
-           function entityPropertyForDisplay(wikidataEntity, propKey) {
-               if (!wikidataEntity[propKey]) return '';
-               var propObj = wikidataEntity[propKey];
-               var langKeys = Object.keys(propObj);
-               if (langKeys.length === 0) return '';
-               // sorted by priority, since we want to show the user's language first if possible
-               var langs = wikidata.languagesToQuery();
-               for (var i in langs) {
-                   var lang = langs[i];
-                   var valueObj = propObj[lang];
-                   if (valueObj && valueObj.value && valueObj.value.length > 0) return valueObj.value;
-               }
-               // default to any available value
-               return propObj[langKeys[0]].value;
-           }
+         formFields.state = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _state;
+           _state = val;
+           return formFields;
+         };
 
+         formFields.klass = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _klass;
+           _klass = val;
+           return formFields;
+         };
 
-           wiki.entityIDs = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _entityIDs;
-               _entityIDs = val;
-               return wiki;
-           };
+         return formFields;
+       }
 
+       function uiSectionPresetFields(context) {
+         var section = uiSection('preset-fields', context).label(_t.html('inspector.fields')).disclosureContent(renderDisclosureContent);
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('change', 'revert');
+         var formFields = uiFormFields(context);
 
-           wiki.focus = function() {
-               _searchInput.node().focus();
-           };
+         var _state;
 
+         var _fieldsArr;
 
-           return utilRebind(wiki, dispatch$1, 'on');
-       }
+         var _presets = [];
 
-       function uiFieldWikipedia(field, context) {
-         const dispatch$1 = dispatch('change');
-         const wikipedia = services.wikipedia;
-         const wikidata = services.wikidata;
-         let _langInput = select(null);
-         let _titleInput = select(null);
-         let _wikiURL = '';
-         let _entityIDs;
-         let _tags;
-
-         let _dataWikipedia = [];
-         _mainFileFetcher.get('wmf_sitematrix')
-           .then(d => {
-             _dataWikipedia = d;
-             if (_tags) updateForTags(_tags);
-           })
-           .catch(() => { /* ignore */ });
+         var _tags;
 
+         var _entityIDs;
 
-         const langCombo = uiCombobox(context, 'wikipedia-lang')
-           .fetcher((value, callback) => {
-             const v = value.toLowerCase();
-             callback(_dataWikipedia
-               .filter(d => {
-                 return d[0].toLowerCase().indexOf(v) >= 0 ||
-                   d[1].toLowerCase().indexOf(v) >= 0 ||
-                   d[2].toLowerCase().indexOf(v) >= 0;
-               })
-               .map(d => ({ value: d[1] }))
-             );
-           });
+         function renderDisclosureContent(selection) {
+           if (!_fieldsArr) {
+             var graph = context.graph();
+             var geometries = Object.keys(_entityIDs.reduce(function (geoms, entityID) {
+               geoms[graph.entity(entityID).geometry(graph)] = true;
+               return geoms;
+             }, {}));
+             var presetsManager = _mainPresetIndex;
+             var allFields = [];
+             var allMoreFields = [];
+             var sharedTotalFields;
 
-         const titleCombo = uiCombobox(context, 'wikipedia-title')
-           .fetcher((value, callback) => {
-             if (!value) {
-               value = '';
-               for (let i in _entityIDs) {
-                 let entity = context.hasEntity(_entityIDs[i]);
-                 if (entity.tags.name) {
-                   value = entity.tags.name;
-                   break;
-                 }
+             _presets.forEach(function (preset) {
+               var fields = preset.fields();
+               var moreFields = preset.moreFields();
+               allFields = utilArrayUnion(allFields, fields);
+               allMoreFields = utilArrayUnion(allMoreFields, moreFields);
+
+               if (!sharedTotalFields) {
+                 sharedTotalFields = utilArrayUnion(fields, moreFields);
+               } else {
+                 sharedTotalFields = sharedTotalFields.filter(function (field) {
+                   return fields.indexOf(field) !== -1 || moreFields.indexOf(field) !== -1;
+                 });
                }
-             }
-             const searchfn = value.length > 7 ? wikipedia.search : wikipedia.suggestions;
-             searchfn(language()[2], value, (query, data) => {
-               callback( data.map(d => ({ value: d })) );
              });
-           });
 
+             var sharedFields = allFields.filter(function (field) {
+               return sharedTotalFields.indexOf(field) !== -1;
+             });
+             var sharedMoreFields = allMoreFields.filter(function (field) {
+               return sharedTotalFields.indexOf(field) !== -1;
+             });
+             _fieldsArr = [];
+             sharedFields.forEach(function (field) {
+               if (field.matchAllGeometry(geometries)) {
+                 _fieldsArr.push(uiField(context, field, _entityIDs));
+               }
+             });
+             var singularEntity = _entityIDs.length === 1 && graph.hasEntity(_entityIDs[0]);
 
-         function wiki(selection) {
-           let wrap = selection.selectAll('.form-field-input-wrap')
-             .data([0]);
+             if (singularEntity && singularEntity.isHighwayIntersection(graph) && presetsManager.field('restrictions')) {
+               _fieldsArr.push(uiField(context, presetsManager.field('restrictions'), _entityIDs));
+             }
 
-           wrap = wrap.enter()
-             .append('div')
-             .attr('class', `form-field-input-wrap form-field-input-${field.type}`)
-             .merge(wrap);
+             var additionalFields = utilArrayUnion(sharedMoreFields, presetsManager.universal());
+             additionalFields.sort(function (field1, field2) {
+               return field1.label().localeCompare(field2.label(), _mainLocalizer.localeCode());
+             });
+             additionalFields.forEach(function (field) {
+               if (sharedFields.indexOf(field) === -1 && field.matchAllGeometry(geometries)) {
+                 _fieldsArr.push(uiField(context, field, _entityIDs, {
+                   show: false
+                 }));
+               }
+             });
 
+             _fieldsArr.forEach(function (field) {
+               field.on('change', function (t, onInput) {
+                 dispatch.call('change', field, _entityIDs, t, onInput);
+               }).on('revert', function (keys) {
+                 dispatch.call('revert', field, keys);
+               });
+             });
+           }
 
-           let langContainer = wrap.selectAll('.wiki-lang-container')
-             .data([0]);
+           _fieldsArr.forEach(function (field) {
+             field.state(_state).tags(_tags);
+           });
 
-           langContainer = langContainer.enter()
-             .append('div')
-             .attr('class', 'wiki-lang-container')
-             .merge(langContainer);
+           selection.call(formFields.fieldsArr(_fieldsArr).state(_state).klass('grouped-items-area'));
+           selection.selectAll('.wrap-form-field input').on('keydown', function (d3_event) {
+             // if user presses enter, and combobox is not active, accept edits..
+             if (d3_event.keyCode === 13 && // ↩ Return
+             context.container().select('.combobox').empty()) {
+               context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+             }
+           });
+         }
 
+         section.presets = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _presets;
 
-           _langInput = langContainer.selectAll('input.wiki-lang')
-             .data([0]);
+           if (!_presets || !val || !utilArrayIdentical(_presets, val)) {
+             _presets = val;
+             _fieldsArr = null;
+           }
 
-           _langInput = _langInput.enter()
-             .append('input')
-             .attr('type', 'text')
-             .attr('class', 'wiki-lang')
-             .attr('placeholder', _t('translate.localized_translation_language'))
-             .call(utilNoAuto)
-             .call(langCombo)
-             .merge(_langInput);
+           return section;
+         };
 
-           utilGetSetValue(_langInput, language()[1]);
+         section.state = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _state;
+           _state = val;
+           return section;
+         };
 
-           _langInput
-             .on('blur', changeLang)
-             .on('change', changeLang);
+         section.tags = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _tags;
+           _tags = val; // Don't reset _fieldsArr here.
 
+           return section;
+         };
 
-           let titleContainer = wrap.selectAll('.wiki-title-container')
-             .data([0]);
+         section.entityIDs = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _entityIDs;
 
-           titleContainer = titleContainer.enter()
-             .append('div')
-             .attr('class', 'wiki-title-container')
-             .merge(titleContainer);
+           if (!val || !_entityIDs || !utilArrayIdentical(_entityIDs, val)) {
+             _entityIDs = val;
+             _fieldsArr = null;
+           }
 
-           _titleInput = titleContainer.selectAll('input.wiki-title')
-             .data([0]);
+           return section;
+         };
 
-           _titleInput = _titleInput.enter()
-             .append('input')
-             .attr('type', 'text')
-             .attr('class', 'wiki-title')
-             .attr('id', field.domId)
-             .call(utilNoAuto)
-             .call(titleCombo)
-             .merge(_titleInput);
+         return utilRebind(section, dispatch, 'on');
+       }
 
-           _titleInput
-             .on('blur', blur)
-             .on('change', change);
+       function uiSectionRawMemberEditor(context) {
+         var section = uiSection('raw-member-editor', context).shouldDisplay(function () {
+           if (!_entityIDs || _entityIDs.length !== 1) return false;
+           var entity = context.hasEntity(_entityIDs[0]);
+           return entity && entity.type === 'relation';
+         }).label(function () {
+           var entity = context.hasEntity(_entityIDs[0]);
+           if (!entity) return '';
+           var gt = entity.members.length > _maxMembers ? '>' : '';
+           var count = gt + entity.members.slice(0, _maxMembers).length;
+           return _t('inspector.title_count', {
+             title: _t.html('inspector.members'),
+             count: count
+           });
+         }).disclosureContent(renderDisclosureContent);
+         var taginfo = services.taginfo;
 
+         var _entityIDs;
 
-           let link = titleContainer.selectAll('.wiki-link')
-             .data([0]);
+         var _maxMembers = 1000;
 
-           link = link.enter()
-             .append('button')
-             .attr('class', 'form-field-button wiki-link')
-             .attr('tabindex', -1)
-             .attr('title', _t('icons.view_on', { domain: 'wikipedia.org' }))
-             .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-out-link'))
-             .merge(link);
+         function downloadMember(d3_event, d) {
+           d3_event.preventDefault(); // display the loading indicator
 
-           link
-             .on('click', () => {
-               event.preventDefault();
-               if (_wikiURL) window.open(_wikiURL, '_blank');
-             });
+           select(this.parentNode).classed('tag-reference-loading', true);
+           context.loadEntity(d.id, function () {
+             section.reRender();
+           });
          }
 
+         function zoomToMember(d3_event, d) {
+           d3_event.preventDefault();
+           var entity = context.entity(d.id);
+           context.map().zoomToEase(entity); // highlight the feature in case it wasn't previously on-screen
 
-         function language() {
-           const value = utilGetSetValue(_langInput).toLowerCase();
-           const locale = _mainLocalizer.localeCode().toLowerCase();
-           let localeLanguage;
-           return _dataWikipedia.find(d => {
-             if (d[2] === locale) localeLanguage = d;
-             return d[0].toLowerCase() === value || d[1].toLowerCase() === value || d[2] === value;
-           }) || localeLanguage || ['English', 'English', 'en'];
+           utilHighlightEntities([d.id], true, context);
          }
 
+         function selectMember(d3_event, d) {
+           d3_event.preventDefault(); // remove the hover-highlight styling
 
-         function changeLang() {
-           utilGetSetValue(_langInput, language()[1]);
-           change(true);
-         }
+           utilHighlightEntities([d.id], false, context);
+           var entity = context.entity(d.id);
+           var mapExtent = context.map().extent();
 
+           if (!entity.intersects(mapExtent, context.graph())) {
+             // zoom to the entity if its extent is not visible now
+             context.map().zoomToEase(entity);
+           }
 
-         function blur() {
-           change(true);
+           context.enter(modeSelect(context, [d.id]));
          }
 
+         function changeRole(d3_event, d) {
+           var oldRole = d.role;
+           var newRole = context.cleanRelationRole(select(this).property('value'));
 
-         function change(skipWikidata) {
-           let value = utilGetSetValue(_titleInput);
-           const m = value.match(/https?:\/\/([-a-z]+)\.wikipedia\.org\/(?:wiki|\1-[-a-z]+)\/([^#]+)(?:#(.+))?/);
-           const l = m && _dataWikipedia.find(d => m[1] === d[2]);
-           let syncTags = {};
-
-           if (l) {
-             // Normalize title http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/API:Query#Title_normalization
-             value = decodeURIComponent(m[2]).replace(/_/g, ' ');
-             if (m[3]) {
-               let anchor;
-               // try {
-               // leave this out for now - #6232
-                 // Best-effort `anchordecode:` implementation
-                 // anchor = decodeURIComponent(m[3].replace(/\.([0-9A-F]{2})/g, '%$1'));
-               // } catch (e) {
-               anchor = decodeURIComponent(m[3]);
-               // }
-               value += '#' + anchor.replace(/_/g, ' ');
-             }
-             value = value.slice(0, 1).toUpperCase() + value.slice(1);
-             utilGetSetValue(_langInput, l[1]);
-             utilGetSetValue(_titleInput, value);
+           if (oldRole !== newRole) {
+             var member = {
+               id: d.id,
+               type: d.type,
+               role: newRole
+             };
+             context.perform(actionChangeMember(d.relation.id, member, d.index), _t('operations.change_role.annotation', {
+               n: 1
+             }));
+             context.validator().validate();
            }
+         }
 
-           if (value) {
-             syncTags.wikipedia = context.cleanTagValue(language()[2] + ':' + value);
+         function deleteMember(d3_event, d) {
+           // remove the hover-highlight styling
+           utilHighlightEntities([d.id], false, context);
+           context.perform(actionDeleteMember(d.relation.id, d.index), _t('operations.delete_member.annotation', {
+             n: 1
+           }));
+
+           if (!context.hasEntity(d.relation.id)) {
+             // Removing the last member will also delete the relation.
+             // If this happens we need to exit the selection mode
+             context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
            } else {
-             syncTags.wikipedia = undefined;
-           }
+             // Changing the mode also runs `validate`, but otherwise we need to
+             // rerun it manually
+             context.validator().validate();
+           }
+         }
+
+         function renderDisclosureContent(selection) {
+           var entityID = _entityIDs[0];
+           var memberships = [];
+           var entity = context.entity(entityID);
+           entity.members.slice(0, _maxMembers).forEach(function (member, index) {
+             memberships.push({
+               index: index,
+               id: member.id,
+               type: member.type,
+               role: member.role,
+               relation: entity,
+               member: context.hasEntity(member.id),
+               domId: utilUniqueDomId(entityID + '-member-' + index)
+             });
+           });
+           var list = selection.selectAll('.member-list').data([0]);
+           list = list.enter().append('ul').attr('class', 'member-list').merge(list);
+           var items = list.selectAll('li').data(memberships, function (d) {
+             return osmEntity.key(d.relation) + ',' + d.index + ',' + (d.member ? osmEntity.key(d.member) : 'incomplete');
+           });
+           items.exit().each(unbind).remove();
+           var itemsEnter = items.enter().append('li').attr('class', 'member-row form-field').classed('member-incomplete', function (d) {
+             return !d.member;
+           });
+           itemsEnter.each(function (d) {
+             var item = select(this);
+             var label = item.append('label').attr('class', 'field-label').attr('for', d.domId);
+
+             if (d.member) {
+               // highlight the member feature in the map while hovering on the list item
+               item.on('mouseover', function () {
+                 utilHighlightEntities([d.id], true, context);
+               }).on('mouseout', function () {
+                 utilHighlightEntities([d.id], false, context);
+               });
+               var labelLink = label.append('span').attr('class', 'label-text').append('a').attr('href', '#').on('click', selectMember);
+               labelLink.append('span').attr('class', 'member-entity-type').html(function (d) {
+                 var matched = _mainPresetIndex.match(d.member, context.graph());
+                 return matched && matched.name() || utilDisplayType(d.member.id);
+               });
+               labelLink.append('span').attr('class', 'member-entity-name').html(function (d) {
+                 return utilDisplayName(d.member);
+               });
+               label.append('button').attr('title', _t('icons.remove')).attr('class', 'remove member-delete').call(svgIcon('#iD-operation-delete'));
+               label.append('button').attr('class', 'member-zoom').attr('title', _t('icons.zoom_to')).call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-framed-dot', 'monochrome')).on('click', zoomToMember);
+             } else {
+               var labelText = label.append('span').attr('class', 'label-text');
+               labelText.append('span').attr('class', 'member-entity-type').html(_t.html('inspector.' + d.type, {
+                 id: d.id
+               }));
+               labelText.append('span').attr('class', 'member-entity-name').html(_t.html('inspector.incomplete', {
+                 id: d.id
+               }));
+               label.append('button').attr('class', 'member-download').attr('title', _t('icons.download')).call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-load')).on('click', downloadMember);
+             }
+           });
+           var wrapEnter = itemsEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'form-field-input-wrap form-field-input-member');
+           wrapEnter.append('input').attr('class', 'member-role').attr('id', function (d) {
+             return d.domId;
+           }).property('type', 'text').attr('placeholder', _t('inspector.role')).call(utilNoAuto);
+
+           if (taginfo) {
+             wrapEnter.each(bindTypeahead);
+           } // update
+
+
+           items = items.merge(itemsEnter).order();
+           items.select('input.member-role').property('value', function (d) {
+             return d.role;
+           }).on('blur', changeRole).on('change', changeRole);
+           items.select('button.member-delete').on('click', deleteMember);
+           var dragOrigin, targetIndex;
+           items.call(d3_drag().on('start', function (d3_event) {
+             dragOrigin = {
+               x: d3_event.x,
+               y: d3_event.y
+             };
+             targetIndex = null;
+           }).on('drag', function (d3_event) {
+             var x = d3_event.x - dragOrigin.x,
+                 y = d3_event.y - dragOrigin.y;
+             if (!select(this).classed('dragging') && // don't display drag until dragging beyond a distance threshold
+             Math.sqrt(Math.pow(x, 2) + Math.pow(y, 2)) <= 5) return;
+             var index = items.nodes().indexOf(this);
+             select(this).classed('dragging', true);
+             targetIndex = null;
+             selection.selectAll('li.member-row').style('transform', function (d2, index2) {
+               var node = select(this).node();
+
+               if (index === index2) {
+                 return 'translate(' + x + 'px, ' + y + 'px)';
+               } else if (index2 > index && d3_event.y > node.offsetTop) {
+                 if (targetIndex === null || index2 > targetIndex) {
+                   targetIndex = index2;
+                 }
+
+                 return 'translateY(-100%)';
+               } else if (index2 < index && d3_event.y < node.offsetTop + node.offsetHeight) {
+                 if (targetIndex === null || index2 < targetIndex) {
+                   targetIndex = index2;
+                 }
 
-           dispatch$1.call('change', this, syncTags);
+                 return 'translateY(100%)';
+               }
 
+               return null;
+             });
+           }).on('end', function (d3_event, d) {
+             if (!select(this).classed('dragging')) return;
+             var index = items.nodes().indexOf(this);
+             select(this).classed('dragging', false);
+             selection.selectAll('li.member-row').style('transform', null);
+
+             if (targetIndex !== null) {
+               // dragged to a new position, reorder
+               context.perform(actionMoveMember(d.relation.id, index, targetIndex), _t('operations.reorder_members.annotation'));
+               context.validator().validate();
+             }
+           }));
 
-           if (skipWikidata || !value || !language()[2]) return;
+           function bindTypeahead(d) {
+             var row = select(this);
+             var role = row.selectAll('input.member-role');
+             var origValue = role.property('value');
 
-           // attempt asynchronous update of wikidata tag..
-           const initGraph = context.graph();
-           const initEntityIDs = _entityIDs;
+             function sort(value, data) {
+               var sameletter = [];
+               var other = [];
 
-           wikidata.itemsByTitle(language()[2], value, (err, data) => {
-             if (err || !data || !Object.keys(data).length) return;
+               for (var i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
+                 if (data[i].value.substring(0, value.length) === value) {
+                   sameletter.push(data[i]);
+                 } else {
+                   other.push(data[i]);
+                 }
+               }
 
-             // If graph has changed, we can't apply this update.
-             if (context.graph() !== initGraph) return;
+               return sameletter.concat(other);
+             }
 
-             const qids = Object.keys(data);
-             const value = qids && qids.find(id => id.match(/^Q\d+$/));
+             role.call(uiCombobox(context, 'member-role').fetcher(function (role, callback) {
+               // The `geometry` param is used in the `taginfo.js` interface for
+               // filtering results, as a key into the `tag_members_fractions`
+               // object.  If we don't know the geometry because the member is
+               // not yet downloaded, it's ok to guess based on type.
+               var geometry;
 
-             let actions = initEntityIDs.map((entityID) => {
-               let entity = context.entity(entityID).tags;
-               let currTags = Object.assign({}, entity);  // shallow copy
-               if (currTags.wikidata !== value) {
-                   currTags.wikidata = value;
-                   return actionChangeTags(entityID, currTags);
+               if (d.member) {
+                 geometry = context.graph().geometry(d.member.id);
+               } else if (d.type === 'relation') {
+                 geometry = 'relation';
+               } else if (d.type === 'way') {
+                 geometry = 'line';
+               } else {
+                 geometry = 'point';
                }
-             }).filter(Boolean);
 
-             if (!actions.length) return;
+               var rtype = entity.tags.type;
+               taginfo.roles({
+                 debounce: true,
+                 rtype: rtype || '',
+                 geometry: geometry,
+                 query: role
+               }, function (err, data) {
+                 if (!err) callback(sort(role, data));
+               });
+             }).on('cancel', function () {
+               role.property('value', origValue);
+             }));
+           }
+
+           function unbind() {
+             var row = select(this);
+             row.selectAll('input.member-role').call(uiCombobox.off, context);
+           }
+         }
 
-             // Coalesce the update of wikidata tag into the previous tag change
-             context.overwrite(
-               function actionUpdateWikidataTags(graph) {
-                 actions.forEach(function(action) {
-                   graph = action(graph);
-                 });
-                 return graph;
-               },
-               context.history().undoAnnotation()
-             );
+         section.entityIDs = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _entityIDs;
+           _entityIDs = val;
+           return section;
+         };
 
-             // do not dispatch.call('change') here, because entity_editor
-             // changeTags() is not intended to be called asynchronously
+         return section;
+       }
+
+       function actionDeleteMembers(relationId, memberIndexes) {
+         return function (graph) {
+           // Remove the members in descending order so removals won't shift what members
+           // are at the remaining indexes
+           memberIndexes.sort(function (a, b) {
+             return b - a;
            });
-         }
 
+           for (var i in memberIndexes) {
+             graph = actionDeleteMember(relationId, memberIndexes[i])(graph);
+           }
 
-         wiki.tags = (tags) => {
-           _tags = tags;
-           updateForTags(tags);
+           return graph;
          };
+       }
 
-         function updateForTags(tags) {
+       function uiSectionRawMembershipEditor(context) {
+         var section = uiSection('raw-membership-editor', context).shouldDisplay(function () {
+           return _entityIDs && _entityIDs.length;
+         }).label(function () {
+           var parents = getSharedParentRelations();
+           var gt = parents.length > _maxMemberships ? '>' : '';
+           var count = gt + parents.slice(0, _maxMemberships).length;
+           return _t('inspector.title_count', {
+             title: _t.html('inspector.relations'),
+             count: count
+           });
+         }).disclosureContent(renderDisclosureContent);
+         var taginfo = services.taginfo;
+         var nearbyCombo = uiCombobox(context, 'parent-relation').minItems(1).fetcher(fetchNearbyRelations).itemsMouseEnter(function (d3_event, d) {
+           if (d.relation) utilHighlightEntities([d.relation.id], true, context);
+         }).itemsMouseLeave(function (d3_event, d) {
+           if (d.relation) utilHighlightEntities([d.relation.id], false, context);
+         });
+         var _inChange = false;
+         var _entityIDs = [];
 
-           const value = typeof tags[field.key] === 'string' ? tags[field.key] : '';
-           const m = value.match(/([^:]+):([^#]+)(?:#(.+))?/);
-           const l = m && _dataWikipedia.find(d => m[1] === d[2]);
-           let anchor = m && m[3];
+         var _showBlank;
 
-           // value in correct format
-           if (l) {
-             utilGetSetValue(_langInput, l[1]);
-             utilGetSetValue(_titleInput, m[2] + (anchor ? ('#' + anchor) : ''));
-             if (anchor) {
-               try {
-                 // Best-effort `anchorencode:` implementation
-                 anchor = encodeURIComponent(anchor.replace(/ /g, '_')).replace(/%/g, '.');
-               } catch (e) {
-                 anchor = anchor.replace(/ /g, '_');
-               }
-             }
-             _wikiURL = 'https://' + m[1] + '.wikipedia.org/wiki/' +
-               m[2].replace(/ /g, '_') + (anchor ? ('#' + anchor) : '');
+         var _maxMemberships = 1000;
 
-           // unrecognized value format
-           } else {
-             utilGetSetValue(_titleInput, value);
-             if (value && value !== '') {
-               utilGetSetValue(_langInput, '');
-               _wikiURL = `https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search?search=${value}`;
+         function getSharedParentRelations() {
+           var parents = [];
+
+           for (var i = 0; i < _entityIDs.length; i++) {
+             var entity = context.graph().hasEntity(_entityIDs[i]);
+             if (!entity) continue;
+
+             if (i === 0) {
+               parents = context.graph().parentRelations(entity);
              } else {
-               _wikiURL = '';
+               parents = utilArrayIntersection(parents, context.graph().parentRelations(entity));
              }
+
+             if (!parents.length) break;
            }
+
+           return parents;
          }
 
+         function getMemberships() {
+           var memberships = [];
+           var relations = getSharedParentRelations().slice(0, _maxMemberships);
+           var isMultiselect = _entityIDs.length > 1;
+           var i, relation, membership, index, member, indexedMember;
 
-         wiki.entityIDs = (val) => {
-           if (!arguments.length) return _entityIDs;
-           _entityIDs = val;
-           return wiki;
-         };
+           for (i = 0; i < relations.length; i++) {
+             relation = relations[i];
+             membership = {
+               relation: relation,
+               members: [],
+               hash: osmEntity.key(relation)
+             };
 
+             for (index = 0; index < relation.members.length; index++) {
+               member = relation.members[index];
 
-         wiki.focus = () => {
-           _titleInput.node().focus();
-         };
+               if (_entityIDs.indexOf(member.id) !== -1) {
+                 indexedMember = Object.assign({}, member, {
+                   index: index
+                 });
+                 membership.members.push(indexedMember);
+                 membership.hash += ',' + index.toString();
+
+                 if (!isMultiselect) {
+                   // For single selections, list one entry per membership per relation.
+                   // For multiselections, list one entry per relation.
+                   memberships.push(membership);
+                   membership = {
+                     relation: relation,
+                     members: [],
+                     hash: osmEntity.key(relation)
+                   };
+                 }
+               }
+             }
 
+             if (membership.members.length) memberships.push(membership);
+           }
 
-         return utilRebind(wiki, dispatch$1, 'on');
-       }
+           memberships.forEach(function (membership) {
+             membership.domId = utilUniqueDomId('membership-' + membership.relation.id);
+             var roles = [];
+             membership.members.forEach(function (member) {
+               if (roles.indexOf(member.role) === -1) roles.push(member.role);
+             });
+             membership.role = roles.length === 1 ? roles[0] : roles;
+           });
+           return memberships;
+         }
 
-       uiFieldWikipedia.supportsMultiselection = false;
+         function selectRelation(d3_event, d) {
+           d3_event.preventDefault(); // remove the hover-highlight styling
 
-       var uiFields = {
-           access: uiFieldAccess,
-           address: uiFieldAddress,
-           check: uiFieldCheck,
-           combo: uiFieldCombo,
-           cycleway: uiFieldCycleway,
-           defaultCheck: uiFieldCheck,
-           email: uiFieldText,
-           identifier: uiFieldText,
-           lanes: uiFieldLanes,
-           localized: uiFieldLocalized,
-           maxspeed: uiFieldMaxspeed,
-           multiCombo: uiFieldCombo,
-           networkCombo: uiFieldCombo,
-           number: uiFieldText,
-           onewayCheck: uiFieldCheck,
-           radio: uiFieldRadio,
-           restrictions: uiFieldRestrictions,
-           semiCombo: uiFieldCombo,
-           structureRadio: uiFieldRadio,
-           tel: uiFieldText,
-           text: uiFieldText,
-           textarea: uiFieldTextarea,
-           typeCombo: uiFieldCombo,
-           url: uiFieldText,
-           wikidata: uiFieldWikidata,
-           wikipedia: uiFieldWikipedia
-       };
+           utilHighlightEntities([d.relation.id], false, context);
+           context.enter(modeSelect(context, [d.relation.id]));
+         }
 
-       function uiField(context, presetField, entityIDs, options) {
-           options = Object.assign({
-               show: true,
-               wrap: true,
-               remove: true,
-               revert: true,
-               info: true
-           }, options);
+         function zoomToRelation(d3_event, d) {
+           d3_event.preventDefault();
+           var entity = context.entity(d.relation.id);
+           context.map().zoomToEase(entity); // highlight the relation in case it wasn't previously on-screen
 
-           var dispatch$1 = dispatch('change', 'revert');
-           var field = Object.assign({}, presetField);   // shallow copy
-           field.domId = utilUniqueDomId('form-field-' + field.safeid);
-           var _show = options.show;
-           var _state = '';
-           var _tags = {};
+           utilHighlightEntities([d.relation.id], true, context);
+         }
 
-           var _locked = false;
-           var _lockedTip = uiTooltip()
-               .title(_t('inspector.lock.suggestion', { label: field.label }))
-               .placement('bottom');
+         function changeRole(d3_event, d) {
+           if (d === 0) return; // called on newrow (shouldn't happen)
 
+           if (_inChange) return; // avoid accidental recursive call #5731
 
-           field.keys = field.keys || [field.key];
+           var newRole = context.cleanRelationRole(select(this).property('value'));
+           if (!newRole.trim() && typeof d.role !== 'string') return;
+           var membersToUpdate = d.members.filter(function (member) {
+             return member.role !== newRole;
+           });
 
-           // only create the fields that are actually being shown
-           if (_show && !field.impl) {
-               createField();
+           if (membersToUpdate.length) {
+             _inChange = true;
+             context.perform(function actionChangeMemberRoles(graph) {
+               membersToUpdate.forEach(function (member) {
+                 var newMember = Object.assign({}, member, {
+                   role: newRole
+                 });
+                 delete newMember.index;
+                 graph = actionChangeMember(d.relation.id, newMember, member.index)(graph);
+               });
+               return graph;
+             }, _t('operations.change_role.annotation', {
+               n: membersToUpdate.length
+             }));
+             context.validator().validate();
            }
 
-           // Creates the field.. This is done lazily,
-           // once we know that the field will be shown.
-           function createField() {
-               field.impl = uiFields[field.type](field, context)
-                   .on('change', function(t, onInput) {
-                       dispatch$1.call('change', field, t, onInput);
-                   });
+           _inChange = false;
+         }
 
-               if (entityIDs) {
-                   field.entityIDs = entityIDs;
-                   // if this field cares about the entities, pass them along
-                   if (field.impl.entityIDs) {
-                       field.impl.entityIDs(entityIDs);
-                   }
+         function addMembership(d, role) {
+           this.blur(); // avoid keeping focus on the button
+
+           _showBlank = false;
+
+           function actionAddMembers(relationId, ids, role) {
+             return function (graph) {
+               for (var i in ids) {
+                 var member = {
+                   id: ids[i],
+                   type: graph.entity(ids[i]).type,
+                   role: role
+                 };
+                 graph = actionAddMember(relationId, member)(graph);
                }
+
+               return graph;
+             };
            }
 
+           if (d.relation) {
+             context.perform(actionAddMembers(d.relation.id, _entityIDs, role), _t('operations.add_member.annotation', {
+               n: _entityIDs.length
+             }));
+             context.validator().validate();
+           } else {
+             var relation = osmRelation();
+             context.perform(actionAddEntity(relation), actionAddMembers(relation.id, _entityIDs, role), _t('operations.add.annotation.relation')); // changing the mode also runs `validate`
 
-           function isModified() {
-               if (!entityIDs || !entityIDs.length) return false;
-               return entityIDs.some(function(entityID) {
-                   var original = context.graph().base().entities[entityID];
-                   var latest = context.graph().entity(entityID);
-                   return field.keys.some(function(key) {
-                       return original ? latest.tags[key] !== original.tags[key] : latest.tags[key];
-                   });
-               });
+             context.enter(modeSelect(context, [relation.id]).newFeature(true));
            }
+         }
 
+         function deleteMembership(d3_event, d) {
+           this.blur(); // avoid keeping focus on the button
 
-           function tagsContainFieldKey() {
-               return field.keys.some(function(key) {
-                   if (field.type === 'multiCombo') {
-                       for (var tagKey in _tags) {
-                           if (tagKey.indexOf(key) === 0) {
-                               return true;
-                           }
-                       }
-                       return false;
-                   }
-                   return _tags[key] !== undefined;
-               });
-           }
+           if (d === 0) return; // called on newrow (shouldn't happen)
+           // remove the hover-highlight styling
 
+           utilHighlightEntities([d.relation.id], false, context);
+           var indexes = d.members.map(function (member) {
+             return member.index;
+           });
+           context.perform(actionDeleteMembers(d.relation.id, indexes), _t('operations.delete_member.annotation', {
+             n: _entityIDs.length
+           }));
+           context.validator().validate();
+         }
 
-           function revert(d) {
-               event.stopPropagation();
-               event.preventDefault();
-               if (!entityIDs || _locked) return;
+         function fetchNearbyRelations(q, callback) {
+           var newRelation = {
+             relation: null,
+             value: _t('inspector.new_relation'),
+             display: _t.html('inspector.new_relation')
+           };
+           var entityID = _entityIDs[0];
+           var result = [];
+           var graph = context.graph();
 
-               dispatch$1.call('revert', d, d.keys);
+           function baseDisplayLabel(entity) {
+             var matched = _mainPresetIndex.match(entity, graph);
+             var presetName = matched && matched.name() || _t('inspector.relation');
+             var entityName = utilDisplayName(entity) || '';
+             return presetName + ' ' + entityName;
            }
 
+           var explicitRelation = q && context.hasEntity(q.toLowerCase());
 
-           function remove(d) {
-               event.stopPropagation();
-               event.preventDefault();
-               if (_locked) return;
-
-               var t = {};
-               d.keys.forEach(function(key) {
-                   t[key] = undefined;
+           if (explicitRelation && explicitRelation.type === 'relation' && explicitRelation.id !== entityID) {
+             // loaded relation is specified explicitly, only show that
+             result.push({
+               relation: explicitRelation,
+               value: baseDisplayLabel(explicitRelation) + ' ' + explicitRelation.id
+             });
+           } else {
+             context.history().intersects(context.map().extent()).forEach(function (entity) {
+               if (entity.type !== 'relation' || entity.id === entityID) return;
+               var value = baseDisplayLabel(entity);
+               if (q && (value + ' ' + entity.id).toLowerCase().indexOf(q.toLowerCase()) === -1) return;
+               result.push({
+                 relation: entity,
+                 value: value
                });
+             });
+             result.sort(function (a, b) {
+               return osmRelation.creationOrder(a.relation, b.relation);
+             }); // Dedupe identical names by appending relation id - see #2891
 
-               dispatch$1.call('change', d, t);
+             var dupeGroups = Object.values(utilArrayGroupBy(result, 'value')).filter(function (v) {
+               return v.length > 1;
+             });
+             dupeGroups.forEach(function (group) {
+               group.forEach(function (obj) {
+                 obj.value += ' ' + obj.relation.id;
+               });
+             });
            }
 
+           result.forEach(function (obj) {
+             obj.title = obj.value;
+           });
+           result.unshift(newRelation);
+           callback(result);
+         }
 
-           field.render = function(selection) {
-               var container = selection.selectAll('.form-field')
-                   .data([field]);
-
-               // Enter
-               var enter = container.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', function(d) { return 'form-field form-field-' + d.safeid; })
-                   .classed('nowrap', !options.wrap);
-
-               if (options.wrap) {
-                   var labelEnter = enter
-                       .append('label')
-                       .attr('class', 'field-label')
-                       .attr('for', function(d) { return d.domId; });
-
-                   var textEnter = labelEnter
-                       .append('span')
-                       .attr('class', 'label-text');
-
-                   textEnter
-                       .append('span')
-                       .attr('class', 'label-textvalue')
-                       .text(function(d) { return d.label(); });
-
-                   textEnter
-                       .append('span')
-                       .attr('class', 'label-textannotation');
-
-                   if (options.remove) {
-                       labelEnter
-                           .append('button')
-                           .attr('class', 'remove-icon')
-                           .attr('title', _t('icons.remove'))
-                           .attr('tabindex', -1)
-                           .call(svgIcon('#iD-operation-delete'));
-                   }
-
-                   if (options.revert) {
-                       labelEnter
-                           .append('button')
-                           .attr('class', 'modified-icon')
-                           .attr('title', _t('icons.undo'))
-                           .attr('tabindex', -1)
-                           .call(svgIcon((_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl') ? '#iD-icon-redo' : '#iD-icon-undo'));
-                   }
-               }
+         function renderDisclosureContent(selection) {
+           var memberships = getMemberships();
+           var list = selection.selectAll('.member-list').data([0]);
+           list = list.enter().append('ul').attr('class', 'member-list').merge(list);
+           var items = list.selectAll('li.member-row-normal').data(memberships, function (d) {
+             return d.hash;
+           });
+           items.exit().each(unbind).remove(); // Enter
 
+           var itemsEnter = items.enter().append('li').attr('class', 'member-row member-row-normal form-field'); // highlight the relation in the map while hovering on the list item
 
-               // Update
-               container = container
-                   .merge(enter);
+           itemsEnter.on('mouseover', function (d3_event, d) {
+             utilHighlightEntities([d.relation.id], true, context);
+           }).on('mouseout', function (d3_event, d) {
+             utilHighlightEntities([d.relation.id], false, context);
+           });
+           var labelEnter = itemsEnter.append('label').attr('class', 'field-label').attr('for', function (d) {
+             return d.domId;
+           });
+           var labelLink = labelEnter.append('span').attr('class', 'label-text').append('a').attr('href', '#').on('click', selectRelation);
+           labelLink.append('span').attr('class', 'member-entity-type').html(function (d) {
+             var matched = _mainPresetIndex.match(d.relation, context.graph());
+             return matched && matched.name() || _t('inspector.relation');
+           });
+           labelLink.append('span').attr('class', 'member-entity-name').html(function (d) {
+             return utilDisplayName(d.relation);
+           });
+           labelEnter.append('button').attr('class', 'remove member-delete').call(svgIcon('#iD-operation-delete')).on('click', deleteMembership);
+           labelEnter.append('button').attr('class', 'member-zoom').attr('title', _t('icons.zoom_to')).call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-framed-dot', 'monochrome')).on('click', zoomToRelation);
+           var wrapEnter = itemsEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'form-field-input-wrap form-field-input-member');
+           wrapEnter.append('input').attr('class', 'member-role').attr('id', function (d) {
+             return d.domId;
+           }).property('type', 'text').property('value', function (d) {
+             return typeof d.role === 'string' ? d.role : '';
+           }).attr('title', function (d) {
+             return Array.isArray(d.role) ? d.role.filter(Boolean).join('\n') : d.role;
+           }).attr('placeholder', function (d) {
+             return Array.isArray(d.role) ? _t('inspector.multiple_roles') : _t('inspector.role');
+           }).classed('mixed', function (d) {
+             return Array.isArray(d.role);
+           }).call(utilNoAuto).on('blur', changeRole).on('change', changeRole);
+
+           if (taginfo) {
+             wrapEnter.each(bindTypeahead);
+           }
+
+           var newMembership = list.selectAll('.member-row-new').data(_showBlank ? [0] : []); // Exit
+
+           newMembership.exit().remove(); // Enter
+
+           var newMembershipEnter = newMembership.enter().append('li').attr('class', 'member-row member-row-new form-field');
+           var newLabelEnter = newMembershipEnter.append('label').attr('class', 'field-label');
+           newLabelEnter.append('input').attr('placeholder', _t('inspector.choose_relation')).attr('type', 'text').attr('class', 'member-entity-input').call(utilNoAuto);
+           newLabelEnter.append('button').attr('class', 'remove member-delete').call(svgIcon('#iD-operation-delete')).on('click', function () {
+             list.selectAll('.member-row-new').remove();
+           });
+           var newWrapEnter = newMembershipEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'form-field-input-wrap form-field-input-member');
+           newWrapEnter.append('input').attr('class', 'member-role').property('type', 'text').attr('placeholder', _t('inspector.role')).call(utilNoAuto); // Update
 
-               container.select('.field-label > .remove-icon')  // propagate bound data
-                   .on('click', remove);
+           newMembership = newMembership.merge(newMembershipEnter);
+           newMembership.selectAll('.member-entity-input').on('blur', cancelEntity) // if it wasn't accepted normally, cancel it
+           .call(nearbyCombo.on('accept', acceptEntity).on('cancel', cancelEntity)); // Container for the Add button
 
-               container.select('.field-label > .modified-icon')  // propagate bound data
-                   .on('click', revert);
+           var addRow = selection.selectAll('.add-row').data([0]); // enter
 
-               container
-                   .each(function(d) {
-                       var selection = select(this);
+           var addRowEnter = addRow.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'add-row');
+           var addRelationButton = addRowEnter.append('button').attr('class', 'add-relation');
+           addRelationButton.call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-plus', 'light'));
+           addRelationButton.call(uiTooltip().title(_t.html('inspector.add_to_relation')).placement(_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'ltr' ? 'right' : 'left'));
+           addRowEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'space-value'); // preserve space
 
-                       if (!d.impl) {
-                           createField();
-                       }
+           addRowEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'space-buttons'); // preserve space
+           // update
 
-                       var reference, help;
+           addRow = addRow.merge(addRowEnter);
+           addRow.select('.add-relation').on('click', function () {
+             _showBlank = true;
+             section.reRender();
+             list.selectAll('.member-entity-input').node().focus();
+           });
 
-                       // instantiate field help
-                       if (options.wrap && field.type === 'restrictions') {
-                           help = uiFieldHelp(context, 'restrictions');
-                       }
+           function acceptEntity(d) {
+             if (!d) {
+               cancelEntity();
+               return;
+             } // remove hover-higlighting
 
-                       // instantiate tag reference
-                       if (options.wrap && options.info) {
-                           var referenceKey = d.key;
-                           if (d.type === 'multiCombo') {   // lookup key without the trailing ':'
-                               referenceKey = referenceKey.replace(/:$/, '');
-                           }
 
-                           reference = uiTagReference(d.reference || { key: referenceKey });
-                           if (_state === 'hover') {
-                               reference.showing(false);
-                           }
-                       }
+             if (d.relation) utilHighlightEntities([d.relation.id], false, context);
+             var role = context.cleanRelationRole(list.selectAll('.member-row-new .member-role').property('value'));
+             addMembership(d, role);
+           }
 
-                       selection
-                           .call(d.impl);
+           function cancelEntity() {
+             var input = newMembership.selectAll('.member-entity-input');
+             input.property('value', ''); // remove hover-higlighting
 
-                       // add field help components
-                       if (help) {
-                           selection
-                               .call(help.body)
-                               .select('.field-label')
-                               .call(help.button);
-                       }
+             context.surface().selectAll('.highlighted').classed('highlighted', false);
+           }
 
-                       // add tag reference components
-                       if (reference) {
-                           selection
-                               .call(reference.body)
-                               .select('.field-label')
-                               .call(reference.button);
-                       }
+           function bindTypeahead(d) {
+             var row = select(this);
+             var role = row.selectAll('input.member-role');
+             var origValue = role.property('value');
 
-                       d.impl.tags(_tags);
-                   });
+             function sort(value, data) {
+               var sameletter = [];
+               var other = [];
 
+               for (var i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
+                 if (data[i].value.substring(0, value.length) === value) {
+                   sameletter.push(data[i]);
+                 } else {
+                   other.push(data[i]);
+                 }
+               }
 
-                   container
-                       .classed('locked', _locked)
-                       .classed('modified', isModified())
-                       .classed('present', tagsContainFieldKey());
+               return sameletter.concat(other);
+             }
 
+             role.call(uiCombobox(context, 'member-role').fetcher(function (role, callback) {
+               var rtype = d.relation.tags.type;
+               taginfo.roles({
+                 debounce: true,
+                 rtype: rtype || '',
+                 geometry: context.graph().geometry(_entityIDs[0]),
+                 query: role
+               }, function (err, data) {
+                 if (!err) callback(sort(role, data));
+               });
+             }).on('cancel', function () {
+               role.property('value', origValue);
+             }));
+           }
 
-                   // show a tip and lock icon if the field is locked
-                   var annotation = container.selectAll('.field-label .label-textannotation');
-                   var icon = annotation.selectAll('.icon')
-                       .data(_locked ? [0]: []);
+           function unbind() {
+             var row = select(this);
+             row.selectAll('input.member-role').call(uiCombobox.off, context);
+           }
+         }
 
-                   icon.exit()
-                       .remove();
+         section.entityIDs = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _entityIDs;
+           _entityIDs = val;
+           _showBlank = false;
+           return section;
+         };
 
-                   icon.enter()
-                       .append('svg')
-                       .attr('class', 'icon')
-                       .append('use')
-                       .attr('xlink:href', '#fas-lock');
+         return section;
+       }
 
-                   container.call(_locked ? _lockedTip : _lockedTip.destroy);
-           };
+       function uiSectionSelectionList(context) {
+         var _selectedIDs = [];
+         var section = uiSection('selected-features', context).shouldDisplay(function () {
+           return _selectedIDs.length > 1;
+         }).label(function () {
+           return _t('inspector.title_count', {
+             title: _t.html('inspector.features'),
+             count: _selectedIDs.length
+           });
+         }).disclosureContent(renderDisclosureContent);
+         context.history().on('change.selectionList', function (difference) {
+           if (difference) {
+             section.reRender();
+           }
+         });
 
+         section.entityIDs = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _selectedIDs;
+           _selectedIDs = val;
+           return section;
+         };
 
-           field.state = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _state;
-               _state = val;
-               return field;
-           };
+         function selectEntity(d3_event, entity) {
+           context.enter(modeSelect(context, [entity.id]));
+         }
 
+         function deselectEntity(d3_event, entity) {
+           var selectedIDs = _selectedIDs.slice();
 
-           field.tags = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _tags;
-               _tags = val;
+           var index = selectedIDs.indexOf(entity.id);
 
-               if (tagsContainFieldKey() && !_show) {
-                   // always show a field if it has a value to display
-                   _show = true;
-                   if (!field.impl) {
-                       createField();
-                   }
-               }
+           if (index > -1) {
+             selectedIDs.splice(index, 1);
+             context.enter(modeSelect(context, selectedIDs));
+           }
+         }
 
-               return field;
-           };
+         function renderDisclosureContent(selection) {
+           var list = selection.selectAll('.feature-list').data([0]);
+           list = list.enter().append('ul').attr('class', 'feature-list').merge(list);
 
+           var entities = _selectedIDs.map(function (id) {
+             return context.hasEntity(id);
+           }).filter(Boolean);
 
-           field.locked = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _locked;
-               _locked = val;
-               return field;
-           };
+           var items = list.selectAll('.feature-list-item').data(entities, osmEntity.key);
+           items.exit().remove(); // Enter
 
+           var enter = items.enter().append('li').attr('class', 'feature-list-item').each(function (d) {
+             select(this).on('mouseover', function () {
+               utilHighlightEntities([d.id], true, context);
+             }).on('mouseout', function () {
+               utilHighlightEntities([d.id], false, context);
+             });
+           });
+           var label = enter.append('button').attr('class', 'label').on('click', selectEntity);
+           label.append('span').attr('class', 'entity-geom-icon').call(svgIcon('', 'pre-text'));
+           label.append('span').attr('class', 'entity-type');
+           label.append('span').attr('class', 'entity-name');
+           enter.append('button').attr('class', 'close').attr('title', _t('icons.deselect')).on('click', deselectEntity).call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-close')); // Update
+
+           items = items.merge(enter);
+           items.selectAll('.entity-geom-icon use').attr('href', function () {
+             var entity = this.parentNode.parentNode.__data__;
+             return '#iD-icon-' + entity.geometry(context.graph());
+           });
+           items.selectAll('.entity-type').html(function (entity) {
+             return _mainPresetIndex.match(entity, context.graph()).name();
+           });
+           items.selectAll('.entity-name').html(function (d) {
+             // fetch latest entity
+             var entity = context.entity(d.id);
+             return utilDisplayName(entity);
+           });
+         }
 
-           field.show = function() {
-               _show = true;
-               if (!field.impl) {
-                   createField();
-               }
-               if (field.default && field.key && _tags[field.key] !== field.default) {
-                   var t = {};
-                   t[field.key] = field.default;
-                   dispatch$1.call('change', this, t);
-               }
-           };
+         return section;
+       }
 
-           // A shown field has a visible UI, a non-shown field is in the 'Add field' dropdown
-           field.isShown = function() {
-               return _show;
-           };
+       function uiEntityEditor(context) {
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('choose');
+         var _state = 'select';
+         var _coalesceChanges = false;
+         var _modified = false;
 
+         var _base;
 
-           // An allowed field can appear in the UI or in the 'Add field' dropdown.
-           // A non-allowed field is hidden from the user altogether
-           field.isAllowed = function() {
+         var _entityIDs;
 
-               if (entityIDs &&
-                   entityIDs.length > 1 &&
-                   uiFields[field.type].supportsMultiselection === false) return false;
+         var _activePresets = [];
 
-               if (field.geometry && !entityIDs.every(function(entityID) {
-                   return field.matchGeometry(context.graph().geometry(entityID));
-               })) return false;
+         var _newFeature;
 
-               if (field.countryCodes || field.notCountryCodes) {
-                   var extent = combinedEntityExtent();
-                   if (!extent) return true;
+         var _sections;
 
-                   var center = extent.center();
-                   var countryCode = iso1A2Code(center);
+         function entityEditor(selection) {
+           var combinedTags = utilCombinedTags(_entityIDs, context.graph()); // Header
 
-                   if (!countryCode) return false;
+           var header = selection.selectAll('.header').data([0]); // Enter
 
-                   countryCode = countryCode.toLowerCase();
+           var headerEnter = header.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'header fillL');
+           headerEnter.append('button').attr('class', 'preset-reset preset-choose').call(svgIcon(_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl' ? '#iD-icon-forward' : '#iD-icon-backward'));
+           headerEnter.append('button').attr('class', 'close').on('click', function () {
+             context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+           }).call(svgIcon(_modified ? '#iD-icon-apply' : '#iD-icon-close'));
+           headerEnter.append('h3'); // Update
 
-                   if (field.countryCodes && field.countryCodes.indexOf(countryCode) === -1) {
-                       return false;
-                   }
-                   if (field.notCountryCodes && field.notCountryCodes.indexOf(countryCode) !== -1) {
-                       return false;
-                   }
-               }
+           header = header.merge(headerEnter);
+           header.selectAll('h3').html(_entityIDs.length === 1 ? _t.html('inspector.edit') : _t.html('inspector.edit_features'));
+           header.selectAll('.preset-reset').on('click', function () {
+             dispatch.call('choose', this, _activePresets);
+           }); // Body
 
-               var prerequisiteTag = field.prerequisiteTag;
+           var body = selection.selectAll('.inspector-body').data([0]); // Enter
 
-               if (entityIDs &&
-                   !tagsContainFieldKey() && // ignore tagging prerequisites if a value is already present
-                   prerequisiteTag) {
+           var bodyEnter = body.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'entity-editor inspector-body sep-top'); // Update
 
-                   if (!entityIDs.every(function(entityID) {
-                       var entity = context.graph().entity(entityID);
-                       if (prerequisiteTag.key) {
-                           var value = entity.tags[prerequisiteTag.key];
-                           if (!value) return false;
+           body = body.merge(bodyEnter);
 
-                           if (prerequisiteTag.valueNot) {
-                               return prerequisiteTag.valueNot !== value;
-                           }
-                           if (prerequisiteTag.value) {
-                               return prerequisiteTag.value === value;
-                           }
-                       } else if (prerequisiteTag.keyNot) {
-                           if (entity.tags[prerequisiteTag.keyNot]) return false;
-                       }
-                       return true;
-                   })) return false;
-               }
+           if (!_sections) {
+             _sections = [uiSectionSelectionList(context), uiSectionFeatureType(context).on('choose', function (presets) {
+               dispatch.call('choose', this, presets);
+             }), uiSectionEntityIssues(context), uiSectionPresetFields(context).on('change', changeTags).on('revert', revertTags), uiSectionRawTagEditor('raw-tag-editor', context).on('change', changeTags), uiSectionRawMemberEditor(context), uiSectionRawMembershipEditor(context)];
+           }
 
-               return true;
-           };
+           _sections.forEach(function (section) {
+             if (section.entityIDs) {
+               section.entityIDs(_entityIDs);
+             }
 
+             if (section.presets) {
+               section.presets(_activePresets);
+             }
 
-           field.focus = function() {
-               if (field.impl) {
-                   field.impl.focus();
-               }
-           };
+             if (section.tags) {
+               section.tags(combinedTags);
+             }
 
+             if (section.state) {
+               section.state(_state);
+             }
 
-           function combinedEntityExtent() {
-               return entityIDs && entityIDs.length && entityIDs.reduce(function(extent, entityID) {
-                   var entity = context.graph().entity(entityID);
-                   return extent.extend(entity.extent(context.graph()));
-               }, geoExtent());
-           }
+             body.call(section.render);
+           });
 
+           context.history().on('change.entity-editor', historyChanged);
 
-           return utilRebind(field, dispatch$1, 'on');
-       }
+           function historyChanged(difference) {
+             if (selection.selectAll('.entity-editor').empty()) return;
+             if (_state === 'hide') return;
+             var significant = !difference || difference.didChange.properties || difference.didChange.addition || difference.didChange.deletion;
+             if (!significant) return;
+             _entityIDs = _entityIDs.filter(context.hasEntity);
+             if (!_entityIDs.length) return;
+             var priorActivePreset = _activePresets.length === 1 && _activePresets[0];
+             loadActivePresets();
+             var graph = context.graph();
+             entityEditor.modified(_base !== graph);
+             entityEditor(selection);
 
-       function uiFormFields(context) {
-           var moreCombo = uiCombobox(context, 'more-fields').minItems(1);
-           var _fieldsArr = [];
-           var _lastPlaceholder = '';
-           var _state = '';
-           var _klass = '';
+             if (priorActivePreset && _activePresets.length === 1 && priorActivePreset !== _activePresets[0]) {
+               // flash the button to indicate the preset changed
+               context.container().selectAll('.entity-editor button.preset-reset .label').style('background-color', '#fff').transition().duration(750).style('background-color', null);
+             }
+           }
+         } // Tag changes that fire on input can all get coalesced into a single
+         // history operation when the user leaves the field.  #2342
+         // Use explicit entityIDs in case the selection changes before the event is fired.
 
 
-           function formFields(selection) {
-               var allowedFields = _fieldsArr.filter(function(field) { return field.isAllowed(); });
-               var shown = allowedFields.filter(function(field) { return field.isShown(); });
-               var notShown = allowedFields.filter(function(field) { return !field.isShown(); });
+         function changeTags(entityIDs, changed, onInput) {
+           var actions = [];
 
-               var container = selection.selectAll('.form-fields-container')
-                   .data([0]);
+           for (var i in entityIDs) {
+             var entityID = entityIDs[i];
+             var entity = context.entity(entityID);
+             var tags = Object.assign({}, entity.tags); // shallow copy
 
-               container = container.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'form-fields-container ' + (_klass || ''))
-                   .merge(container);
+             for (var k in changed) {
+               if (!k) continue;
+               var v = changed[k];
 
+               if (v !== undefined || tags.hasOwnProperty(k)) {
+                 tags[k] = v;
+               }
+             }
 
-               var fields = container.selectAll('.wrap-form-field')
-                   .data(shown, function(d) { return d.id + (d.entityIDs ? d.entityIDs.join() : ''); });
+             if (!onInput) {
+               tags = utilCleanTags(tags);
+             }
 
-               fields.exit()
-                   .remove();
+             if (!fastDeepEqual(entity.tags, tags)) {
+               actions.push(actionChangeTags(entityID, tags));
+             }
+           }
 
-               // Enter
-               var enter = fields.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', function(d) { return 'wrap-form-field wrap-form-field-' + d.safeid; });
+           if (actions.length) {
+             var combinedAction = function combinedAction(graph) {
+               actions.forEach(function (action) {
+                 graph = action(graph);
+               });
+               return graph;
+             };
 
-               // Update
-               fields = fields
-                   .merge(enter);
+             var annotation = _t('operations.change_tags.annotation');
 
-               fields
-                   .order()
-                   .each(function(d) {
-                       select(this)
-                           .call(d.render);
-                   });
+             if (_coalesceChanges) {
+               context.overwrite(combinedAction, annotation);
+             } else {
+               context.perform(combinedAction, annotation);
+               _coalesceChanges = !!onInput;
+             }
+           } // if leaving field (blur event), rerun validation
 
 
-               var titles = [];
-               var moreFields = notShown.map(function(field) {
-                   var label = field.label();
-                   titles.push(label);
+           if (!onInput) {
+             context.validator().validate();
+           }
+         }
 
-                   var terms = field.terms();
-                   if (field.key) terms.push(field.key);
-                   if (field.keys) terms = terms.concat(field.keys);
+         function revertTags(keys) {
+           var actions = [];
 
-                   return {
-                       title: label,
-                       value: label,
-                       field: field,
-                       terms: terms
-                   };
-               });
+           for (var i in _entityIDs) {
+             var entityID = _entityIDs[i];
+             var original = context.graph().base().entities[entityID];
+             var changed = {};
 
-               var placeholder = titles.slice(0,3).join(', ') + ((titles.length > 3) ? '…' : '');
+             for (var j in keys) {
+               var key = keys[j];
+               changed[key] = original ? original.tags[key] : undefined;
+             }
 
+             var entity = context.entity(entityID);
+             var tags = Object.assign({}, entity.tags); // shallow copy
 
-               var more = selection.selectAll('.more-fields')
-                   .data((_state === 'hover' || moreFields.length === 0) ? [] : [0]);
+             for (var k in changed) {
+               if (!k) continue;
+               var v = changed[k];
 
-               more.exit()
-                   .remove();
+               if (v !== undefined || tags.hasOwnProperty(k)) {
+                 tags[k] = v;
+               }
+             }
 
-               var moreEnter = more.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'more-fields')
-                   .append('label');
-
-               moreEnter
-                   .append('span')
-                   .text(_t('inspector.add_fields'));
-
-               more = moreEnter
-                   .merge(more);
-
-
-               var input = more.selectAll('.value')
-                   .data([0]);
-
-               input.exit()
-                   .remove();
-
-               input = input.enter()
-                   .append('input')
-                   .attr('class', 'value')
-                   .attr('type', 'text')
-                   .attr('placeholder', placeholder)
-                   .call(utilNoAuto)
-                   .merge(input);
-
-               input
-                   .call(utilGetSetValue, '')
-                   .call(moreCombo
-                       .data(moreFields)
-                       .on('accept', function (d) {
-                           if (!d) return;  // user entered something that was not matched
-                           var field = d.field;
-                           field.show();
-                           selection.call(formFields);  // rerender
-                           if (field.type !== 'semiCombo' && field.type !== 'multiCombo') {
-                               field.focus();
-                           }
-                       })
-                   );
+             tags = utilCleanTags(tags);
 
-               // avoid updating placeholder excessively (triggers style recalc)
-               if (_lastPlaceholder !== placeholder) {
-                   input.attr('placeholder', placeholder);
-                   _lastPlaceholder = placeholder;
-               }
+             if (!fastDeepEqual(entity.tags, tags)) {
+               actions.push(actionChangeTags(entityID, tags));
+             }
            }
 
+           if (actions.length) {
+             var combinedAction = function combinedAction(graph) {
+               actions.forEach(function (action) {
+                 graph = action(graph);
+               });
+               return graph;
+             };
 
-           formFields.fieldsArr = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _fieldsArr;
-               _fieldsArr = val || [];
-               return formFields;
-           };
+             var annotation = _t('operations.change_tags.annotation');
 
-           formFields.state = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _state;
-               _state = val;
-               return formFields;
-           };
+             if (_coalesceChanges) {
+               context.overwrite(combinedAction, annotation);
+             } else {
+               context.perform(combinedAction, annotation);
+               _coalesceChanges = false;
+             }
+           }
 
-           formFields.klass = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _klass;
-               _klass = val;
-               return formFields;
-           };
+           context.validator().validate();
+         }
 
+         entityEditor.modified = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _modified;
+           _modified = val;
+           return entityEditor;
+         };
 
-           return formFields;
-       }
+         entityEditor.state = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _state;
+           _state = val;
+           return entityEditor;
+         };
 
-       function uiSectionPresetFields(context) {
+         entityEditor.entityIDs = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _entityIDs; // always reload these even if the entityIDs are unchanged, since we
+           // could be reselecting after something like dragging a node
 
-           var section = uiSection('preset-fields', context)
-               .title(function() {
-                   return _t('inspector.fields');
-               })
-               .disclosureContent(renderDisclosureContent);
+           _base = context.graph();
+           _coalesceChanges = false;
+           if (val && _entityIDs && utilArrayIdentical(_entityIDs, val)) return entityEditor; // exit early if no change
 
-           var dispatch$1 = dispatch('change', 'revert');
-           var formFields = uiFormFields(context);
-           var _state;
-           var _fieldsArr;
-           var _presets = [];
-           var _tags;
-           var _entityIDs;
+           _entityIDs = val;
+           loadActivePresets(true);
+           return entityEditor.modified(false);
+         };
 
-           function renderDisclosureContent(selection) {
-               if (!_fieldsArr) {
+         entityEditor.newFeature = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _newFeature;
+           _newFeature = val;
+           return entityEditor;
+         };
 
-                   var graph = context.graph();
+         function loadActivePresets(isForNewSelection) {
+           var graph = context.graph();
+           var counts = {};
 
-                   var geometries = Object.keys(_entityIDs.reduce(function(geoms, entityID) {
-                       return geoms[graph.entity(entityID).geometry(graph)] = true;
-                   }, {}));
+           for (var i in _entityIDs) {
+             var entity = graph.hasEntity(_entityIDs[i]);
+             if (!entity) return;
+             var match = _mainPresetIndex.match(entity, graph);
+             if (!counts[match.id]) counts[match.id] = 0;
+             counts[match.id] += 1;
+           }
 
-                   var presetsManager = _mainPresetIndex;
+           var matches = Object.keys(counts).sort(function (p1, p2) {
+             return counts[p2] - counts[p1];
+           }).map(function (pID) {
+             return _mainPresetIndex.item(pID);
+           });
 
-                   var allFields = [];
-                   var allMoreFields = [];
-                   var sharedTotalFields;
+           if (!isForNewSelection) {
+             // A "weak" preset doesn't set any tags. (e.g. "Address")
+             var weakPreset = _activePresets.length === 1 && !_activePresets[0].isFallback() && Object.keys(_activePresets[0].addTags || {}).length === 0; // Don't replace a weak preset with a fallback preset (e.g. "Point")
 
-                   _presets.forEach(function(preset) {
-                       var fields = preset.fields();
-                       var moreFields = preset.moreFields();
+             if (weakPreset && matches.length === 1 && matches[0].isFallback()) return;
+           }
 
-                       allFields = utilArrayUnion(allFields, fields);
-                       allMoreFields = utilArrayUnion(allMoreFields, moreFields);
+           entityEditor.presets(matches);
+         }
 
-                       if (!sharedTotalFields) {
-                           sharedTotalFields = utilArrayUnion(fields, moreFields);
-                       } else {
-                           sharedTotalFields = sharedTotalFields.filter(function(field) {
-                               return fields.indexOf(field) !== -1 || moreFields.indexOf(field) !== -1;
-                           });
-                       }
-                   });
+         entityEditor.presets = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _activePresets; // don't reload the same preset
 
-                   var sharedFields = allFields.filter(function(field) {
-                       return sharedTotalFields.indexOf(field) !== -1;
-                   });
-                   var sharedMoreFields = allMoreFields.filter(function(field) {
-                       return sharedTotalFields.indexOf(field) !== -1;
-                   });
+           if (!utilArrayIdentical(val, _activePresets)) {
+             _activePresets = val;
+           }
 
-                   _fieldsArr = [];
+           return entityEditor;
+         };
 
-                   sharedFields.forEach(function(field) {
-                       if (field.matchAllGeometry(geometries)) {
-                           _fieldsArr.push(
-                               uiField(context, field, _entityIDs)
-                           );
-                       }
-                   });
+         return utilRebind(entityEditor, dispatch, 'on');
+       }
 
-                   var singularEntity = _entityIDs.length === 1 && graph.hasEntity(_entityIDs[0]);
-                   if (singularEntity && singularEntity.isHighwayIntersection(graph) && presetsManager.field('restrictions')) {
-                       _fieldsArr.push(
-                           uiField(context, presetsManager.field('restrictions'), _entityIDs)
-                       );
-                   }
+       function uiPresetList(context) {
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('cancel', 'choose');
 
-                   var additionalFields = utilArrayUnion(sharedMoreFields, presetsManager.universal());
-                   additionalFields.sort(function(field1, field2) {
-                       return field1.label().localeCompare(field2.label(), _mainLocalizer.localeCode());
-                   });
+         var _entityIDs;
 
-                   additionalFields.forEach(function(field) {
-                       if (sharedFields.indexOf(field) === -1 &&
-                           field.matchAllGeometry(geometries)) {
-                           _fieldsArr.push(
-                               uiField(context, field, _entityIDs, { show: false })
-                           );
-                       }
-                   });
+         var _currLoc;
 
-                   _fieldsArr.forEach(function(field) {
-                       field
-                           .on('change', function(t, onInput) {
-                               dispatch$1.call('change', field, _entityIDs, t, onInput);
-                           })
-                           .on('revert', function(keys) {
-                               dispatch$1.call('revert', field, keys);
-                           });
-                   });
-               }
+         var _currentPresets;
 
-               _fieldsArr.forEach(function(field) {
-                   field
-                       .state(_state)
-                       .tags(_tags);
-               });
+         var _autofocus = false;
 
+         function presetList(selection) {
+           if (!_entityIDs) return;
+           var presets = _mainPresetIndex.matchAllGeometry(entityGeometries());
+           selection.html('');
+           var messagewrap = selection.append('div').attr('class', 'header fillL');
+           var message = messagewrap.append('h3').html(_t.html('inspector.choose'));
+           messagewrap.append('button').attr('class', 'preset-choose').on('click', function () {
+             dispatch.call('cancel', this);
+           }).call(svgIcon(_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl' ? '#iD-icon-backward' : '#iD-icon-forward'));
 
-               selection
-                   .call(formFields
-                       .fieldsArr(_fieldsArr)
-                       .state(_state)
-                       .klass('grouped-items-area')
-                   );
+           function initialKeydown(d3_event) {
+             // hack to let delete shortcut work when search is autofocused
+             if (search.property('value').length === 0 && (d3_event.keyCode === utilKeybinding.keyCodes['⌫'] || d3_event.keyCode === utilKeybinding.keyCodes['⌦'])) {
+               d3_event.preventDefault();
+               d3_event.stopPropagation();
+               operationDelete(context, _entityIDs)(); // hack to let undo work when search is autofocused
+             } else if (search.property('value').length === 0 && (d3_event.ctrlKey || d3_event.metaKey) && d3_event.keyCode === utilKeybinding.keyCodes.z) {
+               d3_event.preventDefault();
+               d3_event.stopPropagation();
+               context.undo();
+             } else if (!d3_event.ctrlKey && !d3_event.metaKey) {
+               // don't check for delete/undo hack on future keydown events
+               select(this).on('keydown', keydown);
+               keydown.call(this, d3_event);
+             }
+           }
 
+           function keydown(d3_event) {
+             // down arrow
+             if (d3_event.keyCode === utilKeybinding.keyCodes['↓'] && // if insertion point is at the end of the string
+             search.node().selectionStart === search.property('value').length) {
+               d3_event.preventDefault();
+               d3_event.stopPropagation(); // move focus to the first item in the preset list
 
-               selection.selectAll('.wrap-form-field input')
-                   .on('keydown', function() {
-                       // if user presses enter, and combobox is not active, accept edits..
-                       if (event.keyCode === 13 && context.container().select('.combobox').empty()) {
-                           context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
-                       }
-                   });
+               var buttons = list.selectAll('.preset-list-button');
+               if (!buttons.empty()) buttons.nodes()[0].focus();
+             }
            }
 
-           section.presets = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _presets;
-               if (!_presets || !val || !utilArrayIdentical(_presets, val)) {
-                   _presets = val;
-                   _fieldsArr = null;
-               }
-               return section;
-           };
+           function keypress(d3_event) {
+             // enter
+             var value = search.property('value');
 
-           section.state = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _state;
-               _state = val;
-               return section;
-           };
+             if (d3_event.keyCode === 13 && // ↩ Return
+             value.length) {
+               list.selectAll('.preset-list-item:first-child').each(function (d) {
+                 d.choose.call(this);
+               });
+             }
+           }
 
-           section.tags = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _tags;
-               _tags = val;
-               // Don't reset _fieldsArr here.
-               return section;
-           };
+           function inputevent() {
+             var value = search.property('value');
+             list.classed('filtered', value.length);
+             var results, messageText;
 
-           section.entityIDs = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _entityIDs;
-               if (!val || !_entityIDs || !utilArrayIdentical(_entityIDs, val)) {
-                   _entityIDs = val;
-                   _fieldsArr = null;
-               }
-               return section;
-           };
+             if (value.length) {
+               results = presets.search(value, entityGeometries()[0], _currLoc);
+               messageText = _t('inspector.results', {
+                 n: results.collection.length,
+                 search: value
+               });
+             } else {
+               results = _mainPresetIndex.defaults(entityGeometries()[0], 36, !context.inIntro(), _currLoc);
+               messageText = _t('inspector.choose');
+             }
 
-           return utilRebind(section, dispatch$1, 'on');
-       }
+             list.call(drawList, results);
+             message.html(messageText);
+           }
 
-       function uiSectionRawMemberEditor(context) {
+           var searchWrap = selection.append('div').attr('class', 'search-header');
+           searchWrap.call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-search', 'pre-text'));
+           var search = searchWrap.append('input').attr('class', 'preset-search-input').attr('placeholder', _t('inspector.search')).attr('type', 'search').call(utilNoAuto).on('keydown', initialKeydown).on('keypress', keypress).on('input', inputevent);
 
-           var section = uiSection('raw-member-editor', context)
-               .shouldDisplay(function() {
-                   if (!_entityIDs || _entityIDs.length !== 1) return false;
+           if (_autofocus) {
+             search.node().focus(); // Safari 14 doesn't always like to focus immediately,
+             // so try again on the next pass
 
-                   var entity = context.hasEntity(_entityIDs[0]);
-                   return entity && entity.type === 'relation';
-               })
-               .title(function() {
-                   var entity = context.hasEntity(_entityIDs[0]);
-                   if (!entity) return '';
+             setTimeout(function () {
+               search.node().focus();
+             }, 0);
+           }
 
-                   var gt = entity.members.length > _maxMembers ? '>' : '';
-                   var count = gt + entity.members.slice(0, _maxMembers).length;
-                   return _t('inspector.title_count', { title: _t('inspector.members'), count: count });
-               })
-               .disclosureContent(renderDisclosureContent);
+           var listWrap = selection.append('div').attr('class', 'inspector-body');
+           var list = listWrap.append('div').attr('class', 'preset-list').call(drawList, _mainPresetIndex.defaults(entityGeometries()[0], 36, !context.inIntro(), _currLoc));
+           context.features().on('change.preset-list', updateForFeatureHiddenState);
+         }
 
-           var taginfo = services.taginfo;
-           var _entityIDs;
-           var _maxMembers = 1000;
+         function drawList(list, presets) {
+           presets = presets.matchAllGeometry(entityGeometries());
+           var collection = presets.collection.reduce(function (collection, preset) {
+             if (!preset) return collection;
 
-           function downloadMember(d) {
-               event.preventDefault();
+             if (preset.members) {
+               if (preset.members.collection.filter(function (preset) {
+                 return preset.addable();
+               }).length > 1) {
+                 collection.push(CategoryItem(preset));
+               }
+             } else if (preset.addable()) {
+               collection.push(PresetItem(preset));
+             }
 
-               // display the loading indicator
-               select(this.parentNode).classed('tag-reference-loading', true);
-               context.loadEntity(d.id, function() {
-                   section.reRender();
-               });
-           }
+             return collection;
+           }, []);
+           var items = list.selectAll('.preset-list-item').data(collection, function (d) {
+             return d.preset.id;
+           });
+           items.order();
+           items.exit().remove();
+           items.enter().append('div').attr('class', function (item) {
+             return 'preset-list-item preset-' + item.preset.id.replace('/', '-');
+           }).classed('current', function (item) {
+             return _currentPresets.indexOf(item.preset) !== -1;
+           }).each(function (item) {
+             select(this).call(item);
+           }).style('opacity', 0).transition().style('opacity', 1);
+           updateForFeatureHiddenState();
+         }
+
+         function itemKeydown(d3_event) {
+           // the actively focused item
+           var item = select(this.closest('.preset-list-item'));
+           var parentItem = select(item.node().parentNode.closest('.preset-list-item')); // arrow down, move focus to the next, lower item
+
+           if (d3_event.keyCode === utilKeybinding.keyCodes['↓']) {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             d3_event.stopPropagation(); // the next item in the list at the same level
+
+             var nextItem = select(item.node().nextElementSibling); // if there is no next item in this list
+
+             if (nextItem.empty()) {
+               // if there is a parent item
+               if (!parentItem.empty()) {
+                 // the item is the last item of a sublist,
+                 // select the next item at the parent level
+                 nextItem = select(parentItem.node().nextElementSibling);
+               } // if the focused item is expanded
+
+             } else if (select(this).classed('expanded')) {
+               // select the first subitem instead
+               nextItem = item.select('.subgrid .preset-list-item:first-child');
+             }
+
+             if (!nextItem.empty()) {
+               // focus on the next item
+               nextItem.select('.preset-list-button').node().focus();
+             } // arrow up, move focus to the previous, higher item
+
+           } else if (d3_event.keyCode === utilKeybinding.keyCodes['↑']) {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             d3_event.stopPropagation(); // the previous item in the list at the same level
+
+             var previousItem = select(item.node().previousElementSibling); // if there is no previous item in this list
+
+             if (previousItem.empty()) {
+               // if there is a parent item
+               if (!parentItem.empty()) {
+                 // the item is the first subitem of a sublist select the parent item
+                 previousItem = parentItem;
+               } // if the previous item is expanded
+
+             } else if (previousItem.select('.preset-list-button').classed('expanded')) {
+               // select the last subitem of the sublist of the previous item
+               previousItem = previousItem.select('.subgrid .preset-list-item:last-child');
+             }
+
+             if (!previousItem.empty()) {
+               // focus on the previous item
+               previousItem.select('.preset-list-button').node().focus();
+             } else {
+               // the focus is at the top of the list, move focus back to the search field
+               var search = select(this.closest('.preset-list-pane')).select('.preset-search-input');
+               search.node().focus();
+             } // arrow left, move focus to the parent item if there is one
 
-           function zoomToMember(d) {
-               event.preventDefault();
+           } else if (d3_event.keyCode === utilKeybinding.keyCodes[_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl' ? '→' : '←']) {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             d3_event.stopPropagation(); // if there is a parent item, focus on the parent item
 
-               var entity = context.entity(d.id);
-               context.map().zoomToEase(entity);
+             if (!parentItem.empty()) {
+               parentItem.select('.preset-list-button').node().focus();
+             } // arrow right, choose this item
 
-               // highlight the feature in case it wasn't previously on-screen
-               utilHighlightEntities([d.id], true, context);
+           } else if (d3_event.keyCode === utilKeybinding.keyCodes[_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl' ? '←' : '→']) {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             d3_event.stopPropagation();
+             item.datum().choose.call(select(this).node());
            }
+         }
 
+         function CategoryItem(preset) {
+           var box,
+               sublist,
+               shown = false;
 
-           function selectMember(d) {
-               event.preventDefault();
-
-               // remove the hover-highlight styling
-               utilHighlightEntities([d.id], false, context);
+           function item(selection) {
+             var wrap = selection.append('div').attr('class', 'preset-list-button-wrap category');
 
-               var entity = context.entity(d.id);
-               var mapExtent = context.map().extent();
-               if (!entity.intersects(mapExtent, context.graph())) {
-                   // zoom to the entity if its extent is not visible now
-                   context.map().zoomToEase(entity);
-               }
+             function click() {
+               var isExpanded = select(this).classed('expanded');
+               var iconName = isExpanded ? _mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl' ? '#iD-icon-backward' : '#iD-icon-forward' : '#iD-icon-down';
+               select(this).classed('expanded', !isExpanded);
+               select(this).selectAll('div.label-inner svg.icon use').attr('href', iconName);
+               item.choose();
+             }
 
-               context.enter(modeSelect(context, [d.id]));
-           }
+             var geometries = entityGeometries();
+             var button = wrap.append('button').attr('class', 'preset-list-button').classed('expanded', false).call(uiPresetIcon().geometry(geometries.length === 1 && geometries[0]).preset(preset)).on('click', click).on('keydown', function (d3_event) {
+               // right arrow, expand the focused item
+               if (d3_event.keyCode === utilKeybinding.keyCodes[_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl' ? '←' : '→']) {
+                 d3_event.preventDefault();
+                 d3_event.stopPropagation(); // if the item isn't expanded
 
+                 if (!select(this).classed('expanded')) {
+                   // toggle expansion (expand the item)
+                   click.call(this, d3_event);
+                 } // left arrow, collapse the focused item
 
-           function changeRole(d) {
-               var oldRole = d.role;
-               var newRole = context.cleanRelationRole(select(this).property('value'));
+               } else if (d3_event.keyCode === utilKeybinding.keyCodes[_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl' ? '→' : '←']) {
+                 d3_event.preventDefault();
+                 d3_event.stopPropagation(); // if the item is expanded
 
-               if (oldRole !== newRole) {
-                   var member = { id: d.id, type: d.type, role: newRole };
-                   context.perform(
-                       actionChangeMember(d.relation.id, member, d.index),
-                       _t('operations.change_role.annotation')
-                   );
+                 if (select(this).classed('expanded')) {
+                   // toggle expansion (collapse the item)
+                   click.call(this, d3_event);
+                 }
+               } else {
+                 itemKeydown.call(this, d3_event);
                }
+             });
+             var label = button.append('div').attr('class', 'label').append('div').attr('class', 'label-inner');
+             label.append('div').attr('class', 'namepart').call(svgIcon(_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl' ? '#iD-icon-backward' : '#iD-icon-forward', 'inline')).append('span').html(function () {
+               return preset.nameLabel() + '&hellip;';
+             });
+             box = selection.append('div').attr('class', 'subgrid').style('max-height', '0px').style('opacity', 0);
+             box.append('div').attr('class', 'arrow');
+             sublist = box.append('div').attr('class', 'preset-list fillL3');
            }
 
+           item.choose = function () {
+             if (!box || !sublist) return;
 
-           function deleteMember(d) {
-
-               // remove the hover-highlight styling
-               utilHighlightEntities([d.id], false, context);
+             if (shown) {
+               shown = false;
+               box.transition().duration(200).style('opacity', '0').style('max-height', '0px').style('padding-bottom', '0px');
+             } else {
+               shown = true;
+               var members = preset.members.matchAllGeometry(entityGeometries());
+               sublist.call(drawList, members);
+               box.transition().duration(200).style('opacity', '1').style('max-height', 200 + members.collection.length * 190 + 'px').style('padding-bottom', '10px');
+             }
+           };
 
-               context.perform(
-                   actionDeleteMember(d.relation.id, d.index),
-                   _t('operations.delete_member.annotation')
-               );
+           item.preset = preset;
+           return item;
+         }
 
-               if (!context.hasEntity(d.relation.id)) {
-                   context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
-               }
+         function PresetItem(preset) {
+           function item(selection) {
+             var wrap = selection.append('div').attr('class', 'preset-list-button-wrap');
+             var geometries = entityGeometries();
+             var button = wrap.append('button').attr('class', 'preset-list-button').call(uiPresetIcon().geometry(geometries.length === 1 && geometries[0]).preset(preset)).on('click', item.choose).on('keydown', itemKeydown);
+             var label = button.append('div').attr('class', 'label').append('div').attr('class', 'label-inner');
+             var nameparts = [preset.nameLabel(), preset.subtitleLabel()].filter(Boolean);
+             label.selectAll('.namepart').data(nameparts).enter().append('div').attr('class', 'namepart').html(function (d) {
+               return d;
+             });
+             wrap.call(item.reference.button);
+             selection.call(item.reference.body);
            }
 
-           function renderDisclosureContent(selection) {
+           item.choose = function () {
+             if (select(this).classed('disabled')) return;
 
-               var entityID = _entityIDs[0];
+             if (!context.inIntro()) {
+               _mainPresetIndex.setMostRecent(preset, entityGeometries()[0]);
+             }
 
-               var memberships = [];
-               var entity = context.entity(entityID);
-               entity.members.slice(0, _maxMembers).forEach(function(member, index) {
-                   memberships.push({
-                       index: index,
-                       id: member.id,
-                       type: member.type,
-                       role: member.role,
-                       relation: entity,
-                       member: context.hasEntity(member.id),
-                       domId: utilUniqueDomId(entityID + '-member-' + index)
-                   });
-               });
+             context.perform(function (graph) {
+               for (var i in _entityIDs) {
+                 var entityID = _entityIDs[i];
+                 var oldPreset = _mainPresetIndex.match(graph.entity(entityID), graph);
+                 graph = actionChangePreset(entityID, oldPreset, preset)(graph);
+               }
 
-               var list = selection.selectAll('.member-list')
-                   .data([0]);
+               return graph;
+             }, _t('operations.change_tags.annotation'));
+             context.validator().validate(); // rerun validation
 
-               list = list.enter()
-                   .append('ul')
-                   .attr('class', 'member-list')
-                   .merge(list);
+             dispatch.call('choose', this, preset);
+           };
 
+           item.help = function (d3_event) {
+             d3_event.stopPropagation();
+             item.reference.toggle();
+           };
 
-               var items = list.selectAll('li')
-                   .data(memberships, function(d) {
-                       return osmEntity.key(d.relation) + ',' + d.index + ',' +
-                           (d.member ? osmEntity.key(d.member) : 'incomplete');
-                   });
+           item.preset = preset;
+           item.reference = uiTagReference(preset.reference());
+           return item;
+         }
 
-               items.exit()
-                   .each(unbind)
-                   .remove();
-
-               var itemsEnter = items.enter()
-                   .append('li')
-                   .attr('class', 'member-row form-field')
-                   .classed('member-incomplete', function(d) { return !d.member; });
-
-               itemsEnter
-                   .each(function(d) {
-                       var item = select(this);
-
-                       var label = item
-                           .append('label')
-                           .attr('class', 'field-label')
-                           .attr('for', d.domId);
-
-                       if (d.member) {
-                           // highlight the member feature in the map while hovering on the list item
-                           item
-                               .on('mouseover', function() {
-                                   utilHighlightEntities([d.id], true, context);
-                               })
-                               .on('mouseout', function() {
-                                   utilHighlightEntities([d.id], false, context);
-                               });
-
-                           var labelLink = label
-                               .append('span')
-                               .attr('class', 'label-text')
-                               .append('a')
-                               .attr('href', '#')
-                               .on('click', selectMember);
-
-                           labelLink
-                               .append('span')
-                               .attr('class', 'member-entity-type')
-                               .text(function(d) {
-                                   var matched = _mainPresetIndex.match(d.member, context.graph());
-                                   return (matched && matched.name()) || utilDisplayType(d.member.id);
-                               });
-
-                           labelLink
-                               .append('span')
-                               .attr('class', 'member-entity-name')
-                               .text(function(d) { return utilDisplayName(d.member); });
-
-                           label
-                               .append('button')
-                               .attr('tabindex', -1)
-                               .attr('title', _t('icons.remove'))
-                               .attr('class', 'remove member-delete')
-                               .call(svgIcon('#iD-operation-delete'));
-
-                           label
-                               .append('button')
-                               .attr('class', 'member-zoom')
-                               .attr('title', _t('icons.zoom_to'))
-                               .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-framed-dot', 'monochrome'))
-                               .on('click', zoomToMember);
+         function updateForFeatureHiddenState() {
+           if (!_entityIDs.every(context.hasEntity)) return;
+           var geometries = entityGeometries();
+           var button = context.container().selectAll('.preset-list .preset-list-button'); // remove existing tooltips
 
-                       } else {
-                           var labelText = label
-                               .append('span')
-                               .attr('class', 'label-text');
-
-                           labelText
-                               .append('span')
-                               .attr('class', 'member-entity-type')
-                               .text(_t('inspector.' + d.type, { id: d.id }));
-
-                           labelText
-                               .append('span')
-                               .attr('class', 'member-entity-name')
-                               .text(_t('inspector.incomplete', { id: d.id }));
-
-                           label
-                               .append('button')
-                               .attr('class', 'member-download')
-                               .attr('title', _t('icons.download'))
-                               .attr('tabindex', -1)
-                               .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-load'))
-                               .on('click', downloadMember);
-                       }
-                   });
+           button.call(uiTooltip().destroyAny);
+           button.each(function (item, index) {
+             var hiddenPresetFeaturesId;
 
-               var wrapEnter = itemsEnter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'form-field-input-wrap form-field-input-member');
-
-               wrapEnter
-                   .append('input')
-                   .attr('class', 'member-role')
-                   .attr('id', function(d) {
-                       return d.domId;
-                   })
-                   .property('type', 'text')
-                   .attr('placeholder', _t('inspector.role'))
-                   .call(utilNoAuto);
-
-               if (taginfo) {
-                   wrapEnter.each(bindTypeahead);
-               }
-
-               // update
-               items = items
-                   .merge(itemsEnter)
-                   .order();
-
-               items.select('input.member-role')
-                   .property('value', function(d) { return d.role; })
-                   .on('blur', changeRole)
-                   .on('change', changeRole);
-
-               items.select('button.member-delete')
-                   .on('click', deleteMember);
-
-               var dragOrigin, targetIndex;
-
-               items.call(d3_drag()
-                   .on('start', function() {
-                       dragOrigin = {
-                           x: event.x,
-                           y: event.y
-                       };
-                       targetIndex = null;
-                   })
-                   .on('drag', function(d, index) {
-                       var x = event.x - dragOrigin.x,
-                           y = event.y - dragOrigin.y;
-
-                       if (!select(this).classed('dragging') &&
-                           // don't display drag until dragging beyond a distance threshold
-                           Math.sqrt(Math.pow(x, 2) + Math.pow(y, 2)) <= 5) return;
-
-                       select(this)
-                           .classed('dragging', true);
-
-                       targetIndex = null;
-
-                       selection.selectAll('li.member-row')
-                           .style('transform', function(d2, index2) {
-                               var node = select(this).node();
-                               if (index === index2) {
-                                   return 'translate(' + x + 'px, ' + y + 'px)';
-                               } else if (index2 > index && event.y > node.offsetTop) {
-                                   if (targetIndex === null || index2 > targetIndex) {
-                                       targetIndex = index2;
-                                   }
-                                   return 'translateY(-100%)';
-                               } else if (index2 < index && event.y < node.offsetTop + node.offsetHeight) {
-                                   if (targetIndex === null || index2 < targetIndex) {
-                                       targetIndex = index2;
-                                   }
-                                   return 'translateY(100%)';
-                               }
-                               return null;
-                           });
-                   })
-                   .on('end', function(d, index) {
+             for (var i in geometries) {
+               hiddenPresetFeaturesId = context.features().isHiddenPreset(item.preset, geometries[i]);
+               if (hiddenPresetFeaturesId) break;
+             }
 
-                       if (!select(this).classed('dragging')) {
-                           return;
-                       }
+             var isHiddenPreset = !context.inIntro() && !!hiddenPresetFeaturesId && (_currentPresets.length !== 1 || item.preset !== _currentPresets[0]);
+             select(this).classed('disabled', isHiddenPreset);
+
+             if (isHiddenPreset) {
+               var isAutoHidden = context.features().autoHidden(hiddenPresetFeaturesId);
+               select(this).call(uiTooltip().title(_t.html('inspector.hidden_preset.' + (isAutoHidden ? 'zoom' : 'manual'), {
+                 features: _t.html('feature.' + hiddenPresetFeaturesId + '.description')
+               })).placement(index < 2 ? 'bottom' : 'top'));
+             }
+           });
+         }
 
-                       select(this)
-                           .classed('dragging', false);
+         presetList.autofocus = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _autofocus;
+           _autofocus = val;
+           return presetList;
+         };
 
-                       selection.selectAll('li.member-row')
-                           .style('transform', null);
+         presetList.entityIDs = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _entityIDs;
+           _entityIDs = val;
+           _currLoc = null;
 
-                       if (targetIndex !== null) {
-                           // dragged to a new position, reorder
-                           context.perform(
-                               actionMoveMember(d.relation.id, index, targetIndex),
-                               _t('operations.reorder_members.annotation')
-                           );
-                       }
-                   })
-               );
+           if (_entityIDs && _entityIDs.length) {
+             // calculate current location
+             var extent = _entityIDs.reduce(function (extent, entityID) {
+               var entity = context.graph().entity(entityID);
+               return extent.extend(entity.extent(context.graph()));
+             }, geoExtent());
 
+             _currLoc = extent.center(); // match presets
 
+             var presets = _entityIDs.map(function (entityID) {
+               return _mainPresetIndex.match(context.entity(entityID), context.graph());
+             });
 
-               function bindTypeahead(d) {
-                   var row = select(this);
-                   var role = row.selectAll('input.member-role');
-                   var origValue = role.property('value');
+             presetList.presets(presets);
+           }
 
-                   function sort(value, data) {
-                       var sameletter = [];
-                       var other = [];
-                       for (var i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
-                           if (data[i].value.substring(0, value.length) === value) {
-                               sameletter.push(data[i]);
-                           } else {
-                               other.push(data[i]);
-                           }
-                       }
-                       return sameletter.concat(other);
-                   }
+           return presetList;
+         };
 
-                   role.call(uiCombobox(context, 'member-role')
-                       .fetcher(function(role, callback) {
-                           // The `geometry` param is used in the `taginfo.js` interface for
-                           // filtering results, as a key into the `tag_members_fractions`
-                           // object.  If we don't know the geometry because the member is
-                           // not yet downloaded, it's ok to guess based on type.
-                           var geometry;
-                           if (d.member) {
-                               geometry = context.graph().geometry(d.member.id);
-                           } else if (d.type === 'relation') {
-                               geometry = 'relation';
-                           } else if (d.type === 'way') {
-                               geometry = 'line';
-                           } else {
-                               geometry = 'point';
-                           }
+         presetList.presets = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _currentPresets;
+           _currentPresets = val;
+           return presetList;
+         };
 
-                           var rtype = entity.tags.type;
-                           taginfo.roles({
-                               debounce: true,
-                               rtype: rtype || '',
-                               geometry: geometry,
-                               query: role
-                           }, function(err, data) {
-                               if (!err) callback(sort(role, data));
-                           });
-                       })
-                       .on('cancel', function() {
-                           role.property('value', origValue);
-                       })
-                   );
-               }
+         function entityGeometries() {
+           var counts = {};
 
+           for (var i in _entityIDs) {
+             var entityID = _entityIDs[i];
+             var entity = context.entity(entityID);
+             var geometry = entity.geometry(context.graph()); // Treat entities on addr:interpolation lines as points, not vertices (#3241)
 
-               function unbind() {
-                   var row = select(this);
+             if (geometry === 'vertex' && entity.isOnAddressLine(context.graph())) {
+               geometry = 'point';
+             }
 
-                   row.selectAll('input.member-role')
-                       .call(uiCombobox.off, context);
-               }
+             if (!counts[geometry]) counts[geometry] = 0;
+             counts[geometry] += 1;
            }
 
-           section.entityIDs = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _entityIDs;
-               _entityIDs = val;
-               return section;
-           };
-
+           return Object.keys(counts).sort(function (geom1, geom2) {
+             return counts[geom2] - counts[geom1];
+           });
+         }
 
-           return section;
+         return utilRebind(presetList, dispatch, 'on');
        }
 
-       function uiSectionRawMembershipEditor(context) {
-
-           var section = uiSection('raw-membership-editor', context)
-               .shouldDisplay(function() {
-                   return _entityIDs && _entityIDs.length === 1;
-               })
-               .title(function() {
-                   var entity = context.hasEntity(_entityIDs[0]);
-                   if (!entity) return '';
-
-                   var parents = context.graph().parentRelations(entity);
-                   var gt = parents.length > _maxMemberships ? '>' : '';
-                   var count = gt + parents.slice(0, _maxMemberships).length;
-                   return _t('inspector.title_count', { title: _t('inspector.relations'), count: count });
-               })
-               .disclosureContent(renderDisclosureContent);
-
-           var taginfo = services.taginfo;
-           var nearbyCombo = uiCombobox(context, 'parent-relation')
-               .minItems(1)
-               .fetcher(fetchNearbyRelations)
-               .itemsMouseEnter(function(d) {
-                   if (d.relation) utilHighlightEntities([d.relation.id], true, context);
-               })
-               .itemsMouseLeave(function(d) {
-                   if (d.relation) utilHighlightEntities([d.relation.id], false, context);
-               });
-           var _inChange = false;
-           var _entityIDs = [];
-           var _showBlank;
-           var _maxMemberships = 1000;
+       function uiViewOnOSM(context) {
+         var _what; // an osmEntity or osmNote
 
-           function selectRelation(d) {
-               event.preventDefault();
 
-               // remove the hover-highlight styling
-               utilHighlightEntities([d.relation.id], false, context);
+         function viewOnOSM(selection) {
+           var url;
 
-               context.enter(modeSelect(context, [d.relation.id]));
+           if (_what instanceof osmEntity) {
+             url = context.connection().entityURL(_what);
+           } else if (_what instanceof osmNote) {
+             url = context.connection().noteURL(_what);
            }
 
-           function zoomToRelation(d) {
-               event.preventDefault();
+           var data = !_what || _what.isNew() ? [] : [_what];
+           var link = selection.selectAll('.view-on-osm').data(data, function (d) {
+             return d.id;
+           }); // exit
 
-               var entity = context.entity(d.relation.id);
-               context.map().zoomToEase(entity);
+           link.exit().remove(); // enter
 
-               // highlight the relation in case it wasn't previously on-screen
-               utilHighlightEntities([d.relation.id], true, context);
-           }
+           var linkEnter = link.enter().append('a').attr('class', 'view-on-osm').attr('target', '_blank').attr('href', url).call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-out-link', 'inline'));
+           linkEnter.append('span').html(_t.html('inspector.view_on_osm'));
+         }
 
+         viewOnOSM.what = function (_) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _what;
+           _what = _;
+           return viewOnOSM;
+         };
 
-           function changeRole(d) {
-               if (d === 0) return;    // called on newrow (shoudn't happen)
-               if (_inChange) return;  // avoid accidental recursive call #5731
+         return viewOnOSM;
+       }
 
-               var oldRole = d.member.role;
-               var newRole = context.cleanRelationRole(select(this).property('value'));
+       function uiInspector(context) {
+         var presetList = uiPresetList(context);
+         var entityEditor = uiEntityEditor(context);
+         var wrap = select(null),
+             presetPane = select(null),
+             editorPane = select(null);
+         var _state = 'select';
 
-               if (oldRole !== newRole) {
-                   _inChange = true;
-                   context.perform(
-                       actionChangeMember(d.relation.id, Object.assign({}, d.member, { role: newRole }), d.index),
-                       _t('operations.change_role.annotation')
-                   );
-               }
-               _inChange = false;
-           }
+         var _entityIDs;
 
+         var _newFeature = false;
 
-           function addMembership(d, role) {
-               this.blur();           // avoid keeping focus on the button
-               _showBlank = false;
+         function inspector(selection) {
+           presetList.entityIDs(_entityIDs).autofocus(_newFeature).on('choose', inspector.setPreset).on('cancel', function () {
+             inspector.setPreset();
+           });
+           entityEditor.state(_state).entityIDs(_entityIDs).on('choose', inspector.showList);
+           wrap = selection.selectAll('.panewrap').data([0]);
+           var enter = wrap.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'panewrap');
+           enter.append('div').attr('class', 'preset-list-pane pane');
+           enter.append('div').attr('class', 'entity-editor-pane pane');
+           wrap = wrap.merge(enter);
+           presetPane = wrap.selectAll('.preset-list-pane');
+           editorPane = wrap.selectAll('.entity-editor-pane');
 
-               var member = { id: _entityIDs[0], type: context.entity(_entityIDs[0]).type, role: role };
+           function shouldDefaultToPresetList() {
+             // always show the inspector on hover
+             if (_state !== 'select') return false; // can only change preset on single selection
 
-               if (d.relation) {
-                   context.perform(
-                       actionAddMember(d.relation.id, member),
-                       _t('operations.add_member.annotation')
-                   );
+             if (_entityIDs.length !== 1) return false;
+             var entityID = _entityIDs[0];
+             var entity = context.hasEntity(entityID);
+             if (!entity) return false; // default to inspector if there are already tags
 
-               } else {
-                   var relation = osmRelation();
-                   context.perform(
-                       actionAddEntity(relation),
-                       actionAddMember(relation.id, member),
-                       _t('operations.add.annotation.relation')
-                   );
+             if (entity.hasNonGeometryTags()) return false; // prompt to select preset if feature is new and untagged
 
-                   context.enter(modeSelect(context, [relation.id]).newFeature(true));
-               }
-           }
+             if (_newFeature) return true; // all existing features except vertices should default to inspector
 
+             if (entity.geometry(context.graph()) !== 'vertex') return false; // show vertex relations if any
 
-           function deleteMembership(d) {
-               this.blur();           // avoid keeping focus on the button
-               if (d === 0) return;   // called on newrow (shoudn't happen)
+             if (context.graph().parentRelations(entity).length) return false; // show vertex issues if there are any
 
-               // remove the hover-highlight styling
-               utilHighlightEntities([d.relation.id], false, context);
+             if (context.validator().getEntityIssues(entityID).length) return false; // show turn retriction editor for junction vertices
 
-               context.perform(
-                   actionDeleteMember(d.relation.id, d.index),
-                   _t('operations.delete_member.annotation')
-               );
+             if (entity.isHighwayIntersection(context.graph())) return false; // otherwise show preset list for uninteresting vertices
+
+             return true;
+           }
+
+           if (shouldDefaultToPresetList()) {
+             wrap.style('right', '-100%');
+             editorPane.classed('hide', true);
+             presetPane.classed('hide', false).call(presetList);
+           } else {
+             wrap.style('right', '0%');
+             presetPane.classed('hide', true);
+             editorPane.classed('hide', false).call(entityEditor);
            }
 
+           var footer = selection.selectAll('.footer').data([0]);
+           footer = footer.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'footer').merge(footer);
+           footer.call(uiViewOnOSM(context).what(context.hasEntity(_entityIDs.length === 1 && _entityIDs[0])));
+         }
 
-           function fetchNearbyRelations(q, callback) {
-               var newRelation = { relation: null, value: _t('inspector.new_relation') };
+         inspector.showList = function (presets) {
+           presetPane.classed('hide', false);
+           wrap.transition().styleTween('right', function () {
+             return interpolate$1('0%', '-100%');
+           }).on('end', function () {
+             editorPane.classed('hide', true);
+           });
 
-               var entityID = _entityIDs[0];
+           if (presets) {
+             presetList.presets(presets);
+           }
 
-               var result = [];
+           presetPane.call(presetList.autofocus(true));
+         };
 
-               var graph = context.graph();
+         inspector.setPreset = function (preset) {
+           // upon setting multipolygon, go to the area preset list instead of the editor
+           if (preset && preset.id === 'type/multipolygon') {
+             presetPane.call(presetList.autofocus(true));
+           } else {
+             editorPane.classed('hide', false);
+             wrap.transition().styleTween('right', function () {
+               return interpolate$1('-100%', '0%');
+             }).on('end', function () {
+               presetPane.classed('hide', true);
+             });
 
-               function baseDisplayLabel(entity) {
-                   var matched = _mainPresetIndex.match(entity, graph);
-                   var presetName = (matched && matched.name()) || _t('inspector.relation');
-                   var entityName = utilDisplayName(entity) || '';
+             if (preset) {
+               entityEditor.presets([preset]);
+             }
 
-                   return presetName + ' ' + entityName;
-               }
+             editorPane.call(entityEditor);
+           }
+         };
 
-               var explicitRelation = q && context.hasEntity(q.toLowerCase());
-               if (explicitRelation && explicitRelation.type === 'relation' && explicitRelation.id !== entityID) {
-                   // loaded relation is specified explicitly, only show that
+         inspector.state = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _state;
+           _state = val;
+           entityEditor.state(_state); // remove any old field help overlay that might have gotten attached to the inspector
 
-                   result.push({
-                       relation: explicitRelation,
-                       value: baseDisplayLabel(explicitRelation) + ' ' + explicitRelation.id
-                   });
-               } else {
+           context.container().selectAll('.field-help-body').remove();
+           return inspector;
+         };
 
-                   context.history().intersects(context.map().extent()).forEach(function(entity) {
-                       if (entity.type !== 'relation' || entity.id === entityID) return;
+         inspector.entityIDs = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _entityIDs;
+           _entityIDs = val;
+           return inspector;
+         };
 
-                       var value = baseDisplayLabel(entity);
-                       if (q && (value + ' ' + entity.id).toLowerCase().indexOf(q.toLowerCase()) === -1) return;
+         inspector.newFeature = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _newFeature;
+           _newFeature = val;
+           return inspector;
+         };
 
-                       result.push({ relation: entity, value: value });
-                   });
+         return inspector;
+       }
 
-                   result.sort(function(a, b) {
-                       return osmRelation.creationOrder(a.relation, b.relation);
-                   });
+       function uiImproveOsmComments() {
+         var _qaItem;
+
+         function issueComments(selection) {
+           // make the div immediately so it appears above the buttons
+           var comments = selection.selectAll('.comments-container').data([0]);
+           comments = comments.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'comments-container').merge(comments); // must retrieve comments from API before they can be displayed
 
-                   // Dedupe identical names by appending relation id - see #2891
-                   var dupeGroups = Object.values(utilArrayGroupBy(result, 'value'))
-                       .filter(function(v) { return v.length > 1; });
+           services.improveOSM.getComments(_qaItem).then(function (d) {
+             if (!d.comments) return; // nothing to do here
 
-                   dupeGroups.forEach(function(group) {
-                       group.forEach(function(obj) {
-                           obj.value += ' ' + obj.relation.id;
-                       });
-                   });
+             var commentEnter = comments.selectAll('.comment').data(d.comments).enter().append('div').attr('class', 'comment');
+             commentEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'comment-avatar').call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-avatar', 'comment-avatar-icon'));
+             var mainEnter = commentEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'comment-main');
+             var metadataEnter = mainEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'comment-metadata');
+             metadataEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'comment-author').each(function (d) {
+               var osm = services.osm;
+               var selection = select(this);
+
+               if (osm && d.username) {
+                 selection = selection.append('a').attr('class', 'comment-author-link').attr('href', osm.userURL(d.username)).attr('target', '_blank');
                }
 
-               result.forEach(function(obj) {
-                   obj.title = obj.value;
+               selection.html(function (d) {
+                 return d.username;
+               });
+             });
+             metadataEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'comment-date').html(function (d) {
+               return _t.html('note.status.commented', {
+                 when: localeDateString(d.timestamp)
                });
+             });
+             mainEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'comment-text').append('p').html(function (d) {
+               return d.text;
+             });
+           })["catch"](function (err) {
+             console.log(err); // eslint-disable-line no-console
+           });
+         }
 
-               result.unshift(newRelation);
-               callback(result);
-           }
+         function localeDateString(s) {
+           if (!s) return null;
+           var options = {
+             day: 'numeric',
+             month: 'short',
+             year: 'numeric'
+           };
+           var d = new Date(s * 1000); // timestamp is served in seconds, date takes ms
+
+           if (isNaN(d.getTime())) return null;
+           return d.toLocaleDateString(_mainLocalizer.localeCode(), options);
+         }
 
-           function renderDisclosureContent(selection) {
+         issueComments.issue = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _qaItem;
+           _qaItem = val;
+           return issueComments;
+         };
 
-               var entityID = _entityIDs[0];
+         return issueComments;
+       }
 
-               var entity = context.entity(entityID);
-               var parents = context.graph().parentRelations(entity);
+       function uiImproveOsmDetails(context) {
+         var _qaItem;
 
-               var memberships = [];
+         function issueDetail(d) {
+           if (d.desc) return d.desc;
+           var issueKey = d.issueKey;
+           d.replacements = d.replacements || {};
+           d.replacements["default"] = _t.html('inspector.unknown'); // special key `default` works as a fallback string
 
-               parents.slice(0, _maxMemberships).forEach(function(relation) {
-                   relation.members.forEach(function(member, index) {
-                       if (member.id === entity.id) {
-                           memberships.push({
-                               relation: relation,
-                               member: member,
-                               index: index,
-                               domId: utilUniqueDomId(entityID + '-membership-' + relation.id + '-' + index)
-                           });
-                       }
-                   });
-               });
+           return _t.html("QA.improveOSM.error_types.".concat(issueKey, ".description"), d.replacements);
+         }
 
-               var list = selection.selectAll('.member-list')
-                   .data([0]);
+         function improveOsmDetails(selection) {
+           var details = selection.selectAll('.error-details').data(_qaItem ? [_qaItem] : [], function (d) {
+             return "".concat(d.id, "-").concat(d.status || 0);
+           });
+           details.exit().remove();
+           var detailsEnter = details.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'error-details qa-details-container'); // description
 
-               list = list.enter()
-                   .append('ul')
-                   .attr('class', 'member-list')
-                   .merge(list);
+           var descriptionEnter = detailsEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'qa-details-subsection');
+           descriptionEnter.append('h4').html(_t.html('QA.keepRight.detail_description'));
+           descriptionEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'qa-details-description-text').html(issueDetail); // If there are entity links in the error message..
 
+           var relatedEntities = [];
+           descriptionEnter.selectAll('.error_entity_link, .error_object_link').attr('href', '#').each(function () {
+             var link = select(this);
+             var isObjectLink = link.classed('error_object_link');
+             var entityID = isObjectLink ? utilEntityRoot(_qaItem.objectType) + _qaItem.objectId : this.textContent;
+             var entity = context.hasEntity(entityID);
+             relatedEntities.push(entityID); // Add click handler
 
-               var items = list.selectAll('li.member-row-normal')
-                   .data(memberships, function(d) {
-                       return osmEntity.key(d.relation) + ',' + d.index;
-                   });
+             link.on('mouseenter', function () {
+               utilHighlightEntities([entityID], true, context);
+             }).on('mouseleave', function () {
+               utilHighlightEntities([entityID], false, context);
+             }).on('click', function (d3_event) {
+               d3_event.preventDefault();
+               utilHighlightEntities([entityID], false, context);
+               var osmlayer = context.layers().layer('osm');
 
-               items.exit()
-                   .each(unbind)
-                   .remove();
-
-               // Enter
-               var itemsEnter = items.enter()
-                   .append('li')
-                   .attr('class', 'member-row member-row-normal form-field');
-
-               // highlight the relation in the map while hovering on the list item
-               itemsEnter.on('mouseover', function(d) {
-                       utilHighlightEntities([d.relation.id], true, context);
-                   })
-                   .on('mouseout', function(d) {
-                       utilHighlightEntities([d.relation.id], false, context);
-                   });
+               if (!osmlayer.enabled()) {
+                 osmlayer.enabled(true);
+               }
 
-               var labelEnter = itemsEnter
-                   .append('label')
-                   .attr('class', 'field-label')
-                   .attr('for', function(d) {
-                       return d.domId;
-                   });
+               context.map().centerZoom(_qaItem.loc, 20);
 
-               var labelLink = labelEnter
-                   .append('span')
-                   .attr('class', 'label-text')
-                   .append('a')
-                   .attr('href', '#')
-                   .on('click', selectRelation);
-
-               labelLink
-                   .append('span')
-                   .attr('class', 'member-entity-type')
-                   .text(function(d) {
-                       var matched = _mainPresetIndex.match(d.relation, context.graph());
-                       return (matched && matched.name()) || _t('inspector.relation');
+               if (entity) {
+                 context.enter(modeSelect(context, [entityID]));
+               } else {
+                 context.loadEntity(entityID, function (err, result) {
+                   if (err) return;
+                   var entity = result.data.find(function (e) {
+                     return e.id === entityID;
                    });
+                   if (entity) context.enter(modeSelect(context, [entityID]));
+                 });
+               }
+             }); // Replace with friendly name if possible
+             // (The entity may not yet be loaded into the graph)
 
-               labelLink
-                   .append('span')
-                   .attr('class', 'member-entity-name')
-                   .text(function(d) { return utilDisplayName(d.relation); });
-
-               labelEnter
-                   .append('button')
-                   .attr('tabindex', -1)
-                   .attr('class', 'remove member-delete')
-                   .call(svgIcon('#iD-operation-delete'))
-                   .on('click', deleteMembership);
-
-               labelEnter
-                   .append('button')
-                   .attr('class', 'member-zoom')
-                   .attr('title', _t('icons.zoom_to'))
-                   .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-framed-dot', 'monochrome'))
-                   .on('click', zoomToRelation);
-
-               var wrapEnter = itemsEnter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'form-field-input-wrap form-field-input-member');
-
-               wrapEnter
-                   .append('input')
-                   .attr('class', 'member-role')
-                   .attr('id', function(d) {
-                       return d.domId;
-                   })
-                   .property('type', 'text')
-                   .attr('placeholder', _t('inspector.role'))
-                   .call(utilNoAuto)
-                   .property('value', function(d) { return d.member.role; })
-                   .on('blur', changeRole)
-                   .on('change', changeRole);
-
-               if (taginfo) {
-                   wrapEnter.each(bindTypeahead);
-               }
-
-
-               var newMembership = list.selectAll('.member-row-new')
-                   .data(_showBlank ? [0] : []);
-
-               // Exit
-               newMembership.exit()
-                   .remove();
-
-               // Enter
-               var newMembershipEnter = newMembership.enter()
-                   .append('li')
-                   .attr('class', 'member-row member-row-new form-field');
-
-               var newLabelEnter = newMembershipEnter
-                   .append('label')
-                   .attr('class', 'field-label');
-
-               newLabelEnter
-                   .append('input')
-                   .attr('placeholder', _t('inspector.choose_relation'))
-                   .attr('type', 'text')
-                   .attr('class', 'member-entity-input')
-                   .call(utilNoAuto);
-
-               newLabelEnter
-                   .append('button')
-                   .attr('tabindex', -1)
-                   .attr('class', 'remove member-delete')
-                   .call(svgIcon('#iD-operation-delete'))
-                   .on('click', function() {
-                       list.selectAll('.member-row-new')
-                           .remove();
-                   });
+             if (entity) {
+               var name = utilDisplayName(entity); // try to use common name
 
-               var newWrapEnter = newMembershipEnter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'form-field-input-wrap form-field-input-member');
+               if (!name && !isObjectLink) {
+                 var preset = _mainPresetIndex.match(entity, context.graph());
+                 name = preset && !preset.isFallback() && preset.name(); // fallback to preset name
+               }
 
-               newWrapEnter
-                   .append('input')
-                   .attr('class', 'member-role')
-                   .property('type', 'text')
-                   .attr('placeholder', _t('inspector.role'))
-                   .call(utilNoAuto);
+               if (name) {
+                 this.innerText = name;
+               }
+             }
+           }); // Don't hide entities related to this error - #5880
 
-               // Update
-               newMembership = newMembership
-                   .merge(newMembershipEnter);
+           context.features().forceVisible(relatedEntities);
+           context.map().pan([0, 0]); // trigger a redraw
+         }
 
-               newMembership.selectAll('.member-entity-input')
-                   .on('blur', cancelEntity)   // if it wasn't accepted normally, cancel it
-                   .call(nearbyCombo
-                       .on('accept', acceptEntity)
-                       .on('cancel', cancelEntity)
-                   );
+         improveOsmDetails.issue = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _qaItem;
+           _qaItem = val;
+           return improveOsmDetails;
+         };
 
+         return improveOsmDetails;
+       }
 
-               // Container for the Add button
-               var addRow = selection.selectAll('.add-row')
-                   .data([0]);
+       function uiImproveOsmHeader() {
+         var _qaItem;
 
-               // enter
-               var addRowEnter = addRow.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'add-row');
+         function issueTitle(d) {
+           var issueKey = d.issueKey;
+           d.replacements = d.replacements || {};
+           d.replacements["default"] = _t.html('inspector.unknown'); // special key `default` works as a fallback string
 
-               var addRelationButton = addRowEnter
-                   .append('button')
-                   .attr('class', 'add-relation');
+           return _t.html("QA.improveOSM.error_types.".concat(issueKey, ".title"), d.replacements);
+         }
 
-               addRelationButton
-                   .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-plus', 'light'));
-               addRelationButton
-                   .call(uiTooltip().title(_t('inspector.add_to_relation')).placement(_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'ltr' ? 'right' : 'left'));
+         function improveOsmHeader(selection) {
+           var header = selection.selectAll('.qa-header').data(_qaItem ? [_qaItem] : [], function (d) {
+             return "".concat(d.id, "-").concat(d.status || 0);
+           });
+           header.exit().remove();
+           var headerEnter = header.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'qa-header');
+           var svgEnter = headerEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'qa-header-icon').classed('new', function (d) {
+             return d.id < 0;
+           }).append('svg').attr('width', '20px').attr('height', '30px').attr('viewbox', '0 0 20 30').attr('class', function (d) {
+             return "preset-icon-28 qaItem ".concat(d.service, " itemId-").concat(d.id, " itemType-").concat(d.itemType);
+           });
+           svgEnter.append('polygon').attr('fill', 'currentColor').attr('class', 'qaItem-fill').attr('points', '16,3 4,3 1,6 1,17 4,20 7,20 10,27 13,20 16,20 19,17.033 19,6');
+           svgEnter.append('use').attr('class', 'icon-annotation').attr('width', '13px').attr('height', '13px').attr('transform', 'translate(3.5, 5)').attr('xlink:href', function (d) {
+             var picon = d.icon;
 
-               addRowEnter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'space-value');   // preserve space
+             if (!picon) {
+               return '';
+             } else {
+               var isMaki = /^maki-/.test(picon);
+               return "#".concat(picon).concat(isMaki ? '-11' : '');
+             }
+           });
+           headerEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'qa-header-label').html(issueTitle);
+         }
 
-               addRowEnter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'space-buttons');  // preserve space
+         improveOsmHeader.issue = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _qaItem;
+           _qaItem = val;
+           return improveOsmHeader;
+         };
 
-               // update
-               addRow = addRow
-                   .merge(addRowEnter);
+         return improveOsmHeader;
+       }
 
-               addRow.select('.add-relation')
-                   .on('click', function() {
-                       _showBlank = true;
-                       section.reRender();
-                       list.selectAll('.member-entity-input').node().focus();
-                   });
+       function uiImproveOsmEditor(context) {
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('change');
+         var qaDetails = uiImproveOsmDetails(context);
+         var qaComments = uiImproveOsmComments();
+         var qaHeader = uiImproveOsmHeader();
 
+         var _qaItem;
 
-               function acceptEntity(d) {
-                   if (!d) {
-                       cancelEntity();
-                       return;
-                   }
-                   // remove hover-higlighting
-                   if (d.relation) utilHighlightEntities([d.relation.id], false, context);
+         function improveOsmEditor(selection) {
+           var headerEnter = selection.selectAll('.header').data([0]).enter().append('div').attr('class', 'header fillL');
+           headerEnter.append('button').attr('class', 'close').on('click', function () {
+             return context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+           }).call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-close'));
+           headerEnter.append('h3').html(_t.html('QA.improveOSM.title'));
+           var body = selection.selectAll('.body').data([0]);
+           body = body.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'body').merge(body);
+           var editor = body.selectAll('.qa-editor').data([0]);
+           editor.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'modal-section qa-editor').merge(editor).call(qaHeader.issue(_qaItem)).call(qaDetails.issue(_qaItem)).call(qaComments.issue(_qaItem)).call(improveOsmSaveSection);
+         }
 
-                   var role = context.cleanRelationRole(list.selectAll('.member-row-new .member-role').property('value'));
-                   addMembership(d, role);
-               }
+         function improveOsmSaveSection(selection) {
+           var isSelected = _qaItem && _qaItem.id === context.selectedErrorID();
 
+           var isShown = _qaItem && (isSelected || _qaItem.newComment || _qaItem.comment);
+           var saveSection = selection.selectAll('.qa-save').data(isShown ? [_qaItem] : [], function (d) {
+             return "".concat(d.id, "-").concat(d.status || 0);
+           }); // exit
 
-               function cancelEntity() {
-                   var input = newMembership.selectAll('.member-entity-input');
-                   input.property('value', '');
+           saveSection.exit().remove(); // enter
 
-                   // remove hover-higlighting
-                   context.surface().selectAll('.highlighted')
-                       .classed('highlighted', false);
-               }
+           var saveSectionEnter = saveSection.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'qa-save save-section cf');
+           saveSectionEnter.append('h4').attr('class', '.qa-save-header').html(_t.html('note.newComment'));
+           saveSectionEnter.append('textarea').attr('class', 'new-comment-input').attr('placeholder', _t('QA.keepRight.comment_placeholder')).attr('maxlength', 1000).property('value', function (d) {
+             return d.newComment;
+           }).call(utilNoAuto).on('input', changeInput).on('blur', changeInput); // update
 
+           saveSection = saveSectionEnter.merge(saveSection).call(qaSaveButtons);
 
-               function bindTypeahead(d) {
-                   var row = select(this);
-                   var role = row.selectAll('input.member-role');
-                   var origValue = role.property('value');
+           function changeInput() {
+             var input = select(this);
+             var val = input.property('value').trim();
 
-                   function sort(value, data) {
-                       var sameletter = [];
-                       var other = [];
-                       for (var i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
-                           if (data[i].value.substring(0, value.length) === value) {
-                               sameletter.push(data[i]);
-                           } else {
-                               other.push(data[i]);
-                           }
-                       }
-                       return sameletter.concat(other);
-                   }
+             if (val === '') {
+               val = undefined;
+             } // store the unsaved comment with the issue itself
 
-                   role.call(uiCombobox(context, 'member-role')
-                       .fetcher(function(role, callback) {
-                           var rtype = d.relation.tags.type;
-                           taginfo.roles({
-                               debounce: true,
-                               rtype: rtype || '',
-                               geometry: context.graph().geometry(entityID),
-                               query: role
-                           }, function(err, data) {
-                               if (!err) callback(sort(role, data));
-                           });
-                       })
-                       .on('cancel', function() {
-                           role.property('value', origValue);
-                       })
-                   );
-               }
 
+             _qaItem = _qaItem.update({
+               newComment: val
+             });
+             var qaService = services.improveOSM;
 
-               function unbind() {
-                   var row = select(this);
+             if (qaService) {
+               qaService.replaceItem(_qaItem);
+             }
 
-                   row.selectAll('input.member-role')
-                       .call(uiCombobox.off, context);
-               }
+             saveSection.call(qaSaveButtons);
            }
+         }
 
+         function qaSaveButtons(selection) {
+           var isSelected = _qaItem && _qaItem.id === context.selectedErrorID();
 
-           section.entityIDs = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _entityIDs;
-               _entityIDs = val;
-               _showBlank = false;
-               return section;
-           };
+           var buttonSection = selection.selectAll('.buttons').data(isSelected ? [_qaItem] : [], function (d) {
+             return d.status + d.id;
+           }); // exit
 
+           buttonSection.exit().remove(); // enter
 
-           return section;
-       }
+           var buttonEnter = buttonSection.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'buttons');
+           buttonEnter.append('button').attr('class', 'button comment-button action').html(_t.html('QA.keepRight.save_comment'));
+           buttonEnter.append('button').attr('class', 'button close-button action');
+           buttonEnter.append('button').attr('class', 'button ignore-button action'); // update
 
-       function uiSectionSelectionList(context) {
+           buttonSection = buttonSection.merge(buttonEnter);
+           buttonSection.select('.comment-button').attr('disabled', function (d) {
+             return d.newComment ? null : true;
+           }).on('click.comment', function (d3_event, d) {
+             this.blur(); // avoid keeping focus on the button - #4641
 
-           var _selectedIDs = [];
+             var qaService = services.improveOSM;
 
-           var section = uiSection('selected-features', context)
-               .shouldDisplay(function() {
-                   return _selectedIDs.length > 1;
-               })
-               .title(function() {
-                   return _t('inspector.title_count', { title: _t('inspector.features'), count: _selectedIDs.length });
-               })
-               .disclosureContent(renderDisclosureContent);
+             if (qaService) {
+               qaService.postUpdate(d, function (err, item) {
+                 return dispatch.call('change', item);
+               });
+             }
+           });
+           buttonSection.select('.close-button').html(function (d) {
+             var andComment = d.newComment ? '_comment' : '';
+             return _t.html("QA.keepRight.close".concat(andComment));
+           }).on('click.close', function (d3_event, d) {
+             this.blur(); // avoid keeping focus on the button - #4641
 
-           context.history()
-               .on('change.selectionList', function(difference) {
-                   if (difference) {
-                       section.reRender();
-                   }
+             var qaService = services.improveOSM;
+
+             if (qaService) {
+               d.newStatus = 'SOLVED';
+               qaService.postUpdate(d, function (err, item) {
+                 return dispatch.call('change', item);
                });
+             }
+           });
+           buttonSection.select('.ignore-button').html(function (d) {
+             var andComment = d.newComment ? '_comment' : '';
+             return _t.html("QA.keepRight.ignore".concat(andComment));
+           }).on('click.ignore', function (d3_event, d) {
+             this.blur(); // avoid keeping focus on the button - #4641
 
-           section.entityIDs = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _selectedIDs;
-               _selectedIDs = val;
-               return section;
-           };
+             var qaService = services.improveOSM;
 
-           function selectEntity(entity) {
-               context.enter(modeSelect(context, [entity.id]));
-           }
+             if (qaService) {
+               d.newStatus = 'INVALID';
+               qaService.postUpdate(d, function (err, item) {
+                 return dispatch.call('change', item);
+               });
+             }
+           });
+         } // NOTE: Don't change method name until UI v3 is merged
 
-           function deselectEntity(entity) {
-               event.stopPropagation();
 
-               var selectedIDs = _selectedIDs.slice();
-               var index = selectedIDs.indexOf(entity.id);
-               if (index > -1) {
-                   selectedIDs.splice(index, 1);
-                   context.enter(modeSelect(context, selectedIDs));
-               }
-           }
+         improveOsmEditor.error = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _qaItem;
+           _qaItem = val;
+           return improveOsmEditor;
+         };
 
-           function renderDisclosureContent(selection) {
+         return utilRebind(improveOsmEditor, dispatch, 'on');
+       }
 
-               var list = selection.selectAll('.feature-list')
-                   .data([0]);
+       function uiKeepRightDetails(context) {
+         var _qaItem;
 
-               list = list.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'feature-list')
-                   .merge(list);
+         function issueDetail(d) {
+           var itemType = d.itemType,
+               parentIssueType = d.parentIssueType;
+           var unknown = _t.html('inspector.unknown');
+           var replacements = d.replacements || {};
+           replacements["default"] = unknown; // special key `default` works as a fallback string
 
-               var entities = _selectedIDs
-                   .map(function(id) { return context.hasEntity(id); })
-                   .filter(Boolean);
+           var detail = _t.html("QA.keepRight.errorTypes.".concat(itemType, ".description"), replacements);
 
-               var items = list.selectAll('.feature-list-item')
-                   .data(entities, osmEntity.key);
+           if (detail === unknown) {
+             detail = _t.html("QA.keepRight.errorTypes.".concat(parentIssueType, ".description"), replacements);
+           }
 
-               items.exit()
-                   .remove();
+           return detail;
+         }
 
-               // Enter
-               var enter = items.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'feature-list-item')
-                   .on('click', selectEntity);
+         function keepRightDetails(selection) {
+           var details = selection.selectAll('.error-details').data(_qaItem ? [_qaItem] : [], function (d) {
+             return "".concat(d.id, "-").concat(d.status || 0);
+           });
+           details.exit().remove();
+           var detailsEnter = details.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'error-details qa-details-container'); // description
 
-               enter
-                   .each(function(d) {
-                       select(this).on('mouseover', function() {
-                           utilHighlightEntities([d.id], true, context);
-                       });
-                       select(this).on('mouseout', function() {
-                           utilHighlightEntities([d.id], false, context);
-                       });
-                   });
+           var descriptionEnter = detailsEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'qa-details-subsection');
+           descriptionEnter.append('h4').html(_t.html('QA.keepRight.detail_description'));
+           descriptionEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'qa-details-description-text').html(issueDetail); // If there are entity links in the error message..
 
-               var label = enter
-                   .append('button')
-                   .attr('class', 'label');
-
-               enter
-                   .append('button')
-                   .attr('class', 'close')
-                   .attr('title', _t('icons.deselect'))
-                   .on('click', deselectEntity)
-                   .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-close'));
-
-               label
-                   .append('span')
-                   .attr('class', 'entity-geom-icon')
-                   .call(svgIcon('', 'pre-text'));
-
-               label
-                   .append('span')
-                   .attr('class', 'entity-type');
-
-               label
-                   .append('span')
-                   .attr('class', 'entity-name');
-
-               // Update
-               items = items.merge(enter);
-
-               items.selectAll('.entity-geom-icon use')
-                   .attr('href', function() {
-                       var entity = this.parentNode.parentNode.__data__;
-                       return '#iD-icon-' + entity.geometry(context.graph());
-                   });
+           var relatedEntities = [];
+           descriptionEnter.selectAll('.error_entity_link, .error_object_link').attr('href', '#').each(function () {
+             var link = select(this);
+             var isObjectLink = link.classed('error_object_link');
+             var entityID = isObjectLink ? utilEntityRoot(_qaItem.objectType) + _qaItem.objectId : this.textContent;
+             var entity = context.hasEntity(entityID);
+             relatedEntities.push(entityID); // Add click handler
 
-               items.selectAll('.entity-type')
-                   .text(function(entity) { return _mainPresetIndex.match(entity, context.graph()).name(); });
+             link.on('mouseenter', function () {
+               utilHighlightEntities([entityID], true, context);
+             }).on('mouseleave', function () {
+               utilHighlightEntities([entityID], false, context);
+             }).on('click', function (d3_event) {
+               d3_event.preventDefault();
+               utilHighlightEntities([entityID], false, context);
+               var osmlayer = context.layers().layer('osm');
 
-               items.selectAll('.entity-name')
-                   .text(function(d) {
-                       // fetch latest entity
-                       var entity = context.entity(d.id);
-                       return utilDisplayName(entity);
+               if (!osmlayer.enabled()) {
+                 osmlayer.enabled(true);
+               }
+
+               context.map().centerZoomEase(_qaItem.loc, 20);
+
+               if (entity) {
+                 context.enter(modeSelect(context, [entityID]));
+               } else {
+                 context.loadEntity(entityID, function (err, result) {
+                   if (err) return;
+                   var entity = result.data.find(function (e) {
+                     return e.id === entityID;
                    });
-           }
+                   if (entity) context.enter(modeSelect(context, [entityID]));
+                 });
+               }
+             }); // Replace with friendly name if possible
+             // (The entity may not yet be loaded into the graph)
 
-           return section;
-       }
+             if (entity) {
+               var name = utilDisplayName(entity); // try to use common name
 
-       function uiEntityEditor(context) {
-           var dispatch$1 = dispatch('choose');
-           var _state = 'select';
-           var _coalesceChanges = false;
-           var _modified = false;
-           var _base;
-           var _entityIDs;
-           var _activePresets = [];
-           var _newFeature;
+               if (!name && !isObjectLink) {
+                 var preset = _mainPresetIndex.match(entity, context.graph());
+                 name = preset && !preset.isFallback() && preset.name(); // fallback to preset name
+               }
+
+               if (name) {
+                 this.innerText = name;
+               }
+             }
+           }); // Don't hide entities related to this issue - #5880
 
-           var _sections;
+           context.features().forceVisible(relatedEntities);
+           context.map().pan([0, 0]); // trigger a redraw
+         }
+
+         keepRightDetails.issue = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _qaItem;
+           _qaItem = val;
+           return keepRightDetails;
+         };
 
-           function entityEditor(selection) {
+         return keepRightDetails;
+       }
 
-               var combinedTags = utilCombinedTags(_entityIDs, context.graph());
+       function uiKeepRightHeader() {
+         var _qaItem;
 
-               // Header
-               var header = selection.selectAll('.header')
-                   .data([0]);
+         function issueTitle(d) {
+           var itemType = d.itemType,
+               parentIssueType = d.parentIssueType;
+           var unknown = _t.html('inspector.unknown');
+           var replacements = d.replacements || {};
+           replacements["default"] = unknown; // special key `default` works as a fallback string
 
-               // Enter
-               var headerEnter = header.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'header fillL cf');
+           var title = _t.html("QA.keepRight.errorTypes.".concat(itemType, ".title"), replacements);
 
-               headerEnter
-                   .append('button')
-                   .attr('class', 'preset-reset preset-choose')
-                   .call(svgIcon((_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl') ? '#iD-icon-forward' : '#iD-icon-backward'));
+           if (title === unknown) {
+             title = _t.html("QA.keepRight.errorTypes.".concat(parentIssueType, ".title"), replacements);
+           }
 
-               headerEnter
-                   .append('button')
-                   .attr('class', 'close')
-                   .on('click', function() { context.enter(modeBrowse(context)); })
-                   .call(svgIcon(_modified ? '#iD-icon-apply' : '#iD-icon-close'));
+           return title;
+         }
 
-               headerEnter
-                   .append('h3');
+         function keepRightHeader(selection) {
+           var header = selection.selectAll('.qa-header').data(_qaItem ? [_qaItem] : [], function (d) {
+             return "".concat(d.id, "-").concat(d.status || 0);
+           });
+           header.exit().remove();
+           var headerEnter = header.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'qa-header');
+           var iconEnter = headerEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'qa-header-icon').classed('new', function (d) {
+             return d.id < 0;
+           });
+           iconEnter.append('div').attr('class', function (d) {
+             return "preset-icon-28 qaItem ".concat(d.service, " itemId-").concat(d.id, " itemType-").concat(d.parentIssueType);
+           }).call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-bolt', 'qaItem-fill'));
+           headerEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'qa-header-label').html(issueTitle);
+         }
 
-               // Update
-               header = header
-                   .merge(headerEnter);
+         keepRightHeader.issue = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _qaItem;
+           _qaItem = val;
+           return keepRightHeader;
+         };
 
-               header.selectAll('h3')
-                   .text(_entityIDs.length === 1 ? _t('inspector.edit') : _t('inspector.edit_features'));
+         return keepRightHeader;
+       }
 
-               header.selectAll('.preset-reset')
-                   .on('click', function() {
-                       dispatch$1.call('choose', this, _activePresets);
-                   });
+       function uiViewOnKeepRight() {
+         var _qaItem;
 
-               // Body
-               var body = selection.selectAll('.inspector-body')
-                   .data([0]);
+         function viewOnKeepRight(selection) {
+           var url;
 
-               // Enter
-               var bodyEnter = body.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'entity-editor inspector-body sep-top');
-
-               // Update
-               body = body
-                   .merge(bodyEnter);
-
-               if (!_sections) {
-                   _sections = [
-                       uiSectionSelectionList(context),
-                       uiSectionFeatureType(context).on('choose', function(presets) {
-                           dispatch$1.call('choose', this, presets);
-                       }),
-                       uiSectionEntityIssues(context),
-                       uiSectionPresetFields(context).on('change', changeTags).on('revert', revertTags),
-                       uiSectionRawTagEditor('raw-tag-editor', context).on('change', changeTags),
-                       uiSectionRawMemberEditor(context),
-                       uiSectionRawMembershipEditor(context)
-                   ];
-               }
-
-               _sections.forEach(function(section) {
-                   if (section.entityIDs) {
-                       section.entityIDs(_entityIDs);
-                   }
-                   if (section.presets) {
-                       section.presets(_activePresets);
-                   }
-                   if (section.tags) {
-                       section.tags(combinedTags);
-                   }
-                   if (section.state) {
-                       section.state(_state);
-                   }
-                   body.call(section.render);
-               });
+           if (services.keepRight && _qaItem instanceof QAItem) {
+             url = services.keepRight.issueURL(_qaItem);
+           }
 
-               body
-                   .selectAll('.key-trap-wrap')
-                   .data([0])
-                   .enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'key-trap-wrap')
-                   .append('input')
-                   .attr('type', 'text')
-                   .attr('class', 'key-trap')
-                   .on('keydown.key-trap', function() {
-                       // On tabbing, send focus back to the first field on the inspector-body
-                       // (probably the `name` field) #4159
-                       if (event.keyCode === 9 && !event.shiftKey) {
-                           event.preventDefault();
-                           body.select('input').node().focus();
-                       }
-                   });
+           var link = selection.selectAll('.view-on-keepRight').data(url ? [url] : []); // exit
 
-               context.history()
-                   .on('change.entity-editor', historyChanged);
+           link.exit().remove(); // enter
 
-               function historyChanged(difference) {
-                   if (selection.selectAll('.entity-editor').empty()) return;
-                   if (_state === 'hide') return;
-                   var significant = !difference ||
-                           difference.didChange.properties ||
-                           difference.didChange.addition ||
-                           difference.didChange.deletion;
-                   if (!significant) return;
+           var linkEnter = link.enter().append('a').attr('class', 'view-on-keepRight').attr('target', '_blank').attr('rel', 'noopener') // security measure
+           .attr('href', function (d) {
+             return d;
+           }).call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-out-link', 'inline'));
+           linkEnter.append('span').html(_t.html('inspector.view_on_keepRight'));
+         }
 
-                   _entityIDs = _entityIDs.filter(context.hasEntity);
-                   if (!_entityIDs.length) return;
+         viewOnKeepRight.what = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _qaItem;
+           _qaItem = val;
+           return viewOnKeepRight;
+         };
 
-                   var priorActivePreset = _activePresets.length === 1 && _activePresets[0];
+         return viewOnKeepRight;
+       }
 
-                   loadActivePresets();
+       function uiKeepRightEditor(context) {
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('change');
+         var qaDetails = uiKeepRightDetails(context);
+         var qaHeader = uiKeepRightHeader();
 
-                   var graph = context.graph();
-                   entityEditor.modified(_base !== graph);
-                   entityEditor(selection);
+         var _qaItem;
 
-                   if (priorActivePreset && _activePresets.length === 1 && priorActivePreset !== _activePresets[0]) {
-                       // flash the button to indicate the preset changed
-                       context.container().selectAll('.entity-editor button.preset-reset .label')
-                           .style('background-color', '#fff')
-                           .transition()
-                           .duration(750)
-                           .style('background-color', null);
-                   }
-               }
-           }
+         function keepRightEditor(selection) {
+           var headerEnter = selection.selectAll('.header').data([0]).enter().append('div').attr('class', 'header fillL');
+           headerEnter.append('button').attr('class', 'close').on('click', function () {
+             return context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+           }).call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-close'));
+           headerEnter.append('h3').html(_t.html('QA.keepRight.title'));
+           var body = selection.selectAll('.body').data([0]);
+           body = body.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'body').merge(body);
+           var editor = body.selectAll('.qa-editor').data([0]);
+           editor.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'modal-section qa-editor').merge(editor).call(qaHeader.issue(_qaItem)).call(qaDetails.issue(_qaItem)).call(keepRightSaveSection);
+           var footer = selection.selectAll('.footer').data([0]);
+           footer.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'footer').merge(footer).call(uiViewOnKeepRight().what(_qaItem));
+         }
 
+         function keepRightSaveSection(selection) {
+           var isSelected = _qaItem && _qaItem.id === context.selectedErrorID();
 
-           // Tag changes that fire on input can all get coalesced into a single
-           // history operation when the user leaves the field.  #2342
-           // Use explicit entityIDs in case the selection changes before the event is fired.
-           function changeTags(entityIDs, changed, onInput) {
+           var isShown = _qaItem && (isSelected || _qaItem.newComment || _qaItem.comment);
+           var saveSection = selection.selectAll('.qa-save').data(isShown ? [_qaItem] : [], function (d) {
+             return "".concat(d.id, "-").concat(d.status || 0);
+           }); // exit
 
-               var actions = [];
-               for (var i in entityIDs) {
-                   var entityID = entityIDs[i];
-                   var entity = context.entity(entityID);
+           saveSection.exit().remove(); // enter
 
-                   var tags = Object.assign({}, entity.tags);   // shallow copy
+           var saveSectionEnter = saveSection.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'qa-save save-section cf');
+           saveSectionEnter.append('h4').attr('class', '.qa-save-header').html(_t.html('QA.keepRight.comment'));
+           saveSectionEnter.append('textarea').attr('class', 'new-comment-input').attr('placeholder', _t('QA.keepRight.comment_placeholder')).attr('maxlength', 1000).property('value', function (d) {
+             return d.newComment || d.comment;
+           }).call(utilNoAuto).on('input', changeInput).on('blur', changeInput); // update
 
-                   for (var k in changed) {
-                       if (!k) continue;
-                       var v = changed[k];
-                       if (v !== undefined || tags.hasOwnProperty(k)) {
-                           tags[k] = v;
-                       }
-                   }
+           saveSection = saveSectionEnter.merge(saveSection).call(qaSaveButtons);
 
-                   if (!onInput) {
-                       tags = utilCleanTags(tags);
-                   }
+           function changeInput() {
+             var input = select(this);
+             var val = input.property('value').trim();
 
-                   if (!fastDeepEqual(entity.tags, tags)) {
-                       actions.push(actionChangeTags(entityID, tags));
-                   }
-               }
+             if (val === _qaItem.comment) {
+               val = undefined;
+             } // store the unsaved comment with the issue itself
 
-               if (actions.length) {
-                   var combinedAction = function(graph) {
-                       actions.forEach(function(action) {
-                           graph = action(graph);
-                       });
-                       return graph;
-                   };
 
-                   var annotation = _t('operations.change_tags.annotation');
+             _qaItem = _qaItem.update({
+               newComment: val
+             });
+             var qaService = services.keepRight;
 
-                   if (_coalesceChanges) {
-                       context.overwrite(combinedAction, annotation);
-                   } else {
-                       context.perform(combinedAction, annotation);
-                       _coalesceChanges = !!onInput;
-                   }
-               }
+             if (qaService) {
+               qaService.replaceItem(_qaItem); // update keepright cache
+             }
 
-               // if leaving field (blur event), rerun validation
-               if (!onInput) {
-                   context.validator().validate();
-               }
+             saveSection.call(qaSaveButtons);
            }
+         }
 
-           function revertTags(keys) {
+         function qaSaveButtons(selection) {
+           var isSelected = _qaItem && _qaItem.id === context.selectedErrorID();
 
-               var actions = [];
-               for (var i in _entityIDs) {
-                   var entityID = _entityIDs[i];
+           var buttonSection = selection.selectAll('.buttons').data(isSelected ? [_qaItem] : [], function (d) {
+             return d.status + d.id;
+           }); // exit
 
-                   var original = context.graph().base().entities[entityID];
-                   var changed = {};
-                   for (var j in keys) {
-                       var key = keys[j];
-                       changed[key] = original ? original.tags[key] : undefined;
-                   }
+           buttonSection.exit().remove(); // enter
 
-                   var entity = context.entity(entityID);
-                   var tags = Object.assign({}, entity.tags);   // shallow copy
+           var buttonEnter = buttonSection.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'buttons');
+           buttonEnter.append('button').attr('class', 'button comment-button action').html(_t.html('QA.keepRight.save_comment'));
+           buttonEnter.append('button').attr('class', 'button close-button action');
+           buttonEnter.append('button').attr('class', 'button ignore-button action'); // update
 
-                   for (var k in changed) {
-                       if (!k) continue;
-                       var v = changed[k];
-                       if (v !== undefined || tags.hasOwnProperty(k)) {
-                           tags[k] = v;
-                       }
-                   }
+           buttonSection = buttonSection.merge(buttonEnter);
+           buttonSection.select('.comment-button') // select and propagate data
+           .attr('disabled', function (d) {
+             return d.newComment ? null : true;
+           }).on('click.comment', function (d3_event, d) {
+             this.blur(); // avoid keeping focus on the button - #4641
 
+             var qaService = services.keepRight;
 
-                   tags = utilCleanTags(tags);
+             if (qaService) {
+               qaService.postUpdate(d, function (err, item) {
+                 return dispatch.call('change', item);
+               });
+             }
+           });
+           buttonSection.select('.close-button') // select and propagate data
+           .html(function (d) {
+             var andComment = d.newComment ? '_comment' : '';
+             return _t.html("QA.keepRight.close".concat(andComment));
+           }).on('click.close', function (d3_event, d) {
+             this.blur(); // avoid keeping focus on the button - #4641
 
-                   if (!fastDeepEqual(entity.tags, tags)) {
-                       actions.push(actionChangeTags(entityID, tags));
-                   }
+             var qaService = services.keepRight;
 
-               }
+             if (qaService) {
+               d.newStatus = 'ignore_t'; // ignore temporarily (item fixed)
 
-               if (actions.length) {
-                   var combinedAction = function(graph) {
-                       actions.forEach(function(action) {
-                           graph = action(graph);
-                       });
-                       return graph;
-                   };
+               qaService.postUpdate(d, function (err, item) {
+                 return dispatch.call('change', item);
+               });
+             }
+           });
+           buttonSection.select('.ignore-button') // select and propagate data
+           .html(function (d) {
+             var andComment = d.newComment ? '_comment' : '';
+             return _t.html("QA.keepRight.ignore".concat(andComment));
+           }).on('click.ignore', function (d3_event, d) {
+             this.blur(); // avoid keeping focus on the button - #4641
 
-                   var annotation = _t('operations.change_tags.annotation');
+             var qaService = services.keepRight;
 
-                   if (_coalesceChanges) {
-                       context.overwrite(combinedAction, annotation);
-                   } else {
-                       context.perform(combinedAction, annotation);
-                       _coalesceChanges = false;
-                   }
-               }
+             if (qaService) {
+               d.newStatus = 'ignore'; // ignore permanently (false positive)
 
-               context.validator().validate();
-           }
+               qaService.postUpdate(d, function (err, item) {
+                 return dispatch.call('change', item);
+               });
+             }
+           });
+         } // NOTE: Don't change method name until UI v3 is merged
 
 
-           entityEditor.modified = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _modified;
-               _modified = val;
-               return entityEditor;
-           };
+         keepRightEditor.error = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _qaItem;
+           _qaItem = val;
+           return keepRightEditor;
+         };
 
+         return utilRebind(keepRightEditor, dispatch, 'on');
+       }
 
-           entityEditor.state = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _state;
-               _state = val;
-               return entityEditor;
-           };
+       function uiOsmoseDetails(context) {
+         var _qaItem;
 
+         function issueString(d, type) {
+           if (!d) return ''; // Issue strings are cached from Osmose API
 
-           entityEditor.entityIDs = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _entityIDs;
-               if (val && _entityIDs && utilArrayIdentical(_entityIDs, val)) return entityEditor;  // exit early if no change
+           var s = services.osmose.getStrings(d.itemType);
+           return type in s ? s[type] : '';
+         }
 
-               _entityIDs = val;
-               _base = context.graph();
-               _coalesceChanges = false;
+         function osmoseDetails(selection) {
+           var details = selection.selectAll('.error-details').data(_qaItem ? [_qaItem] : [], function (d) {
+             return "".concat(d.id, "-").concat(d.status || 0);
+           });
+           details.exit().remove();
+           var detailsEnter = details.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'error-details qa-details-container'); // Description
 
-               loadActivePresets();
+           if (issueString(_qaItem, 'detail')) {
+             var div = detailsEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'qa-details-subsection');
+             div.append('h4').html(_t.html('QA.keepRight.detail_description'));
+             div.append('p').attr('class', 'qa-details-description-text').html(function (d) {
+               return issueString(d, 'detail');
+             }).selectAll('a').attr('rel', 'noopener').attr('target', '_blank');
+           } // Elements (populated later as data is requested)
 
-               return entityEditor
-                   .modified(false);
-           };
 
+           var detailsDiv = detailsEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'qa-details-subsection');
+           var elemsDiv = detailsEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'qa-details-subsection'); // Suggested Fix (mustn't exist for every issue type)
 
-           entityEditor.newFeature = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _newFeature;
-               _newFeature = val;
-               return entityEditor;
-           };
+           if (issueString(_qaItem, 'fix')) {
+             var _div = detailsEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'qa-details-subsection');
 
+             _div.append('h4').html(_t.html('QA.osmose.fix_title'));
 
-           function loadActivePresets() {
+             _div.append('p').html(function (d) {
+               return issueString(d, 'fix');
+             }).selectAll('a').attr('rel', 'noopener').attr('target', '_blank');
+           } // Common Pitfalls (mustn't exist for every issue type)
 
-               var graph = context.graph();
 
-               var counts = {};
+           if (issueString(_qaItem, 'trap')) {
+             var _div2 = detailsEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'qa-details-subsection');
 
-               for (var i in _entityIDs) {
-                   var entity = graph.hasEntity(_entityIDs[i]);
-                   if (!entity) return;
+             _div2.append('h4').html(_t.html('QA.osmose.trap_title'));
 
-                   var match = _mainPresetIndex.match(entity, graph);
+             _div2.append('p').html(function (d) {
+               return issueString(d, 'trap');
+             }).selectAll('a').attr('rel', 'noopener').attr('target', '_blank');
+           } // Save current item to check if UI changed by time request resolves
 
-                   if (!counts[match.id]) counts[match.id] = 0;
-                   counts[match.id] += 1;
-               }
 
-               var matches = Object.keys(counts).sort(function(p1, p2) {
-                   return counts[p2] - counts[p1];
-               }).map(function(pID) {
-                   return _mainPresetIndex.item(pID);
-               });
+           var thisItem = _qaItem;
+           services.osmose.loadIssueDetail(_qaItem).then(function (d) {
+             // No details to add if there are no associated issue elements
+             if (!d.elems || d.elems.length === 0) return; // Do nothing if UI has moved on by the time this resolves
 
-               // A "weak" preset doesn't set any tags. (e.g. "Address")
-               var weakPreset = _activePresets.length === 1 &&
-                   Object.keys(_activePresets[0].addTags || {}).length === 0;
-               // Don't replace a weak preset with a fallback preset (e.g. "Point")
-               if (weakPreset && matches.length === 1 && matches[0].isFallback()) return;
+             if (context.selectedErrorID() !== thisItem.id && context.container().selectAll(".qaItem.osmose.hover.itemId-".concat(thisItem.id)).empty()) return; // Things like keys and values are dynamically added to a subtitle string
 
-               entityEditor.presets(matches);
-           }
+             if (d.detail) {
+               detailsDiv.append('h4').html(_t.html('QA.osmose.detail_title'));
+               detailsDiv.append('p').html(function (d) {
+                 return d.detail;
+               }).selectAll('a').attr('rel', 'noopener').attr('target', '_blank');
+             } // Create list of linked issue elements
 
-           entityEditor.presets = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _activePresets;
 
-               // don't reload the same preset
-               if (!utilArrayIdentical(val, _activePresets)) {
-                   _activePresets = val;
-               }
-               return entityEditor;
-           };
+             elemsDiv.append('h4').html(_t.html('QA.osmose.elems_title'));
+             elemsDiv.append('ul').selectAll('li').data(d.elems).enter().append('li').append('a').attr('href', '#').attr('class', 'error_entity_link').html(function (d) {
+               return d;
+             }).each(function () {
+               var link = select(this);
+               var entityID = this.textContent;
+               var entity = context.hasEntity(entityID); // Add click handler
+
+               link.on('mouseenter', function () {
+                 utilHighlightEntities([entityID], true, context);
+               }).on('mouseleave', function () {
+                 utilHighlightEntities([entityID], false, context);
+               }).on('click', function (d3_event) {
+                 d3_event.preventDefault();
+                 utilHighlightEntities([entityID], false, context);
+                 var osmlayer = context.layers().layer('osm');
+
+                 if (!osmlayer.enabled()) {
+                   osmlayer.enabled(true);
+                 }
 
-           return utilRebind(entityEditor, dispatch$1, 'on');
-       }
+                 context.map().centerZoom(d.loc, 20);
 
-       function uiPresetList(context) {
-           var dispatch$1 = dispatch('cancel', 'choose');
-           var _entityIDs;
-           var _currentPresets;
-           var _autofocus = false;
+                 if (entity) {
+                   context.enter(modeSelect(context, [entityID]));
+                 } else {
+                   context.loadEntity(entityID, function (err, result) {
+                     if (err) return;
+                     var entity = result.data.find(function (e) {
+                       return e.id === entityID;
+                     });
+                     if (entity) context.enter(modeSelect(context, [entityID]));
+                   });
+                 }
+               }); // Replace with friendly name if possible
+               // (The entity may not yet be loaded into the graph)
 
+               if (entity) {
+                 var name = utilDisplayName(entity); // try to use common name
 
-           function presetList(selection) {
-               if (!_entityIDs) return;
+                 if (!name) {
+                   var preset = _mainPresetIndex.match(entity, context.graph());
+                   name = preset && !preset.isFallback() && preset.name(); // fallback to preset name
+                 }
 
-               var presets = _mainPresetIndex.matchAllGeometry(entityGeometries());
+                 if (name) {
+                   this.innerText = name;
+                 }
+               }
+             }); // Don't hide entities related to this issue - #5880
 
-               selection.html('');
+             context.features().forceVisible(d.elems);
+             context.map().pan([0, 0]); // trigger a redraw
+           })["catch"](function (err) {
+             console.log(err); // eslint-disable-line no-console
+           });
+         }
 
-               var messagewrap = selection
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'header fillL');
-
-               var message = messagewrap
-                   .append('h3')
-                   .text(_t('inspector.choose'));
-
-               messagewrap
-                   .append('button')
-                   .attr('class', 'preset-choose')
-                   .on('click', function() { dispatch$1.call('cancel', this); })
-                   .call(svgIcon((_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl') ? '#iD-icon-backward' : '#iD-icon-forward'));
-
-               function initialKeydown() {
-                   // hack to let delete shortcut work when search is autofocused
-                   if (search.property('value').length === 0 &&
-                       (event.keyCode === utilKeybinding.keyCodes['⌫'] ||
-                        event.keyCode === utilKeybinding.keyCodes['⌦'])) {
-                       event.preventDefault();
-                       event.stopPropagation();
-                       operationDelete(context, _entityIDs)();
-
-                   // hack to let undo work when search is autofocused
-                   } else if (search.property('value').length === 0 &&
-                       (event.ctrlKey || event.metaKey) &&
-                       event.keyCode === utilKeybinding.keyCodes.z) {
-                       event.preventDefault();
-                       event.stopPropagation();
-                       context.undo();
-                   } else if (!event.ctrlKey && !event.metaKey) {
-                       // don't check for delete/undo hack on future keydown events
-                       select(this).on('keydown', keydown);
-                       keydown.call(this);
-                   }
-               }
+         osmoseDetails.issue = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _qaItem;
+           _qaItem = val;
+           return osmoseDetails;
+         };
 
-               function keydown() {
-                   // down arrow
-                   if (event.keyCode === utilKeybinding.keyCodes['↓'] &&
-                       // if insertion point is at the end of the string
-                       search.node().selectionStart === search.property('value').length) {
-                       event.preventDefault();
-                       event.stopPropagation();
-                       // move focus to the first item in the preset list
-                       var buttons = list.selectAll('.preset-list-button');
-                       if (!buttons.empty()) buttons.nodes()[0].focus();
-                   }
-               }
+         return osmoseDetails;
+       }
 
-               function keypress() {
-                   // enter
-                   var value = search.property('value');
-                   if (event.keyCode === 13 && value.length) {
-                       list.selectAll('.preset-list-item:first-child')
-                           .each(function(d) { d.choose.call(this); });
-                   }
-               }
+       function uiOsmoseHeader() {
+         var _qaItem;
 
-               function inputevent() {
-                   var value = search.property('value');
-                   list.classed('filtered', value.length);
-                   var extent = combinedEntityExtent();
-                   var results, messageText;
-                   if (value.length && extent) {
-                       var center = extent.center();
-                       var countryCode = iso1A2Code(center);
+         function issueTitle(d) {
+           var unknown = _t('inspector.unknown');
+           if (!d) return unknown; // Issue titles supplied by Osmose
 
-                       results = presets.search(value, entityGeometries()[0], countryCode && countryCode.toLowerCase());
-                       messageText = _t('inspector.results', {
-                           n: results.collection.length,
-                           search: value
-                       });
-                   } else {
-                       results = _mainPresetIndex.defaults(entityGeometries()[0], 36, !context.inIntro());
-                       messageText = _t('inspector.choose');
-                   }
-                   list.call(drawList, results);
-                   message.text(messageText);
-               }
+           var s = services.osmose.getStrings(d.itemType);
+           return 'title' in s ? s.title : unknown;
+         }
 
-               var searchWrap = selection
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'search-header');
+         function osmoseHeader(selection) {
+           var header = selection.selectAll('.qa-header').data(_qaItem ? [_qaItem] : [], function (d) {
+             return "".concat(d.id, "-").concat(d.status || 0);
+           });
+           header.exit().remove();
+           var headerEnter = header.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'qa-header');
+           var svgEnter = headerEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'qa-header-icon').classed('new', function (d) {
+             return d.id < 0;
+           }).append('svg').attr('width', '20px').attr('height', '30px').attr('viewbox', '0 0 20 30').attr('class', function (d) {
+             return "preset-icon-28 qaItem ".concat(d.service, " itemId-").concat(d.id, " itemType-").concat(d.itemType);
+           });
+           svgEnter.append('polygon').attr('fill', function (d) {
+             return services.osmose.getColor(d.item);
+           }).attr('class', 'qaItem-fill').attr('points', '16,3 4,3 1,6 1,17 4,20 7,20 10,27 13,20 16,20 19,17.033 19,6');
+           svgEnter.append('use').attr('class', 'icon-annotation').attr('width', '13px').attr('height', '13px').attr('transform', 'translate(3.5, 5)').attr('xlink:href', function (d) {
+             var picon = d.icon;
 
-               var search = searchWrap
-                   .append('input')
-                   .attr('class', 'preset-search-input')
-                   .attr('placeholder', _t('inspector.search'))
-                   .attr('type', 'search')
-                   .call(utilNoAuto)
-                   .on('keydown', initialKeydown)
-                   .on('keypress', keypress)
-                   .on('input', inputevent);
+             if (!picon) {
+               return '';
+             } else {
+               var isMaki = /^maki-/.test(picon);
+               return "#".concat(picon).concat(isMaki ? '-11' : '');
+             }
+           });
+           headerEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'qa-header-label').html(issueTitle);
+         }
 
-               searchWrap
-                   .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-search', 'pre-text'));
+         osmoseHeader.issue = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _qaItem;
+           _qaItem = val;
+           return osmoseHeader;
+         };
 
-               if (_autofocus) {
-                   search.node().focus();
-               }
+         return osmoseHeader;
+       }
 
-               var listWrap = selection
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'inspector-body');
+       function uiViewOnOsmose() {
+         var _qaItem;
 
-               var list = listWrap
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'preset-list')
-                   .call(drawList, _mainPresetIndex.defaults(entityGeometries()[0], 36, !context.inIntro()));
+         function viewOnOsmose(selection) {
+           var url;
 
-               context.features().on('change.preset-list', updateForFeatureHiddenState);
+           if (services.osmose && _qaItem instanceof QAItem) {
+             url = services.osmose.itemURL(_qaItem);
            }
 
+           var link = selection.selectAll('.view-on-osmose').data(url ? [url] : []); // exit
 
-           function drawList(list, presets) {
-               presets = presets.matchAllGeometry(entityGeometries());
-               var collection = presets.collection.reduce(function(collection, preset) {
-                   if (!preset) return collection;
+           link.exit().remove(); // enter
 
-                   if (preset.members) {
-                       if (preset.members.collection.filter(function(preset) {
-                           return preset.addable();
-                       }).length > 1) {
-                           collection.push(CategoryItem(preset));
-                       }
-                   } else if (preset.addable()) {
-                       collection.push(PresetItem(preset));
-                   }
-                   return collection;
-               }, []);
+           var linkEnter = link.enter().append('a').attr('class', 'view-on-osmose').attr('target', '_blank').attr('rel', 'noopener') // security measure
+           .attr('href', function (d) {
+             return d;
+           }).call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-out-link', 'inline'));
+           linkEnter.append('span').html(_t.html('inspector.view_on_osmose'));
+         }
 
-               var items = list.selectAll('.preset-list-item')
-                   .data(collection, function(d) { return d.preset.id; });
+         viewOnOsmose.what = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _qaItem;
+           _qaItem = val;
+           return viewOnOsmose;
+         };
 
-               items.order();
+         return viewOnOsmose;
+       }
 
-               items.exit()
-                   .remove();
+       function uiOsmoseEditor(context) {
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('change');
+         var qaDetails = uiOsmoseDetails(context);
+         var qaHeader = uiOsmoseHeader();
 
-               items.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', function(item) { return 'preset-list-item preset-' + item.preset.id.replace('/', '-'); })
-                   .classed('current', function(item) { return _currentPresets.indexOf(item.preset) !== -1; })
-                   .each(function(item) { select(this).call(item); })
-                   .style('opacity', 0)
-                   .transition()
-                   .style('opacity', 1);
-
-               updateForFeatureHiddenState();
-           }
-
-           function itemKeydown(){
-               // the actively focused item
-               var item = select(this.closest('.preset-list-item'));
-               var parentItem = select(item.node().parentNode.closest('.preset-list-item'));
-
-               // arrow down, move focus to the next, lower item
-               if (event.keyCode === utilKeybinding.keyCodes['↓']) {
-                   event.preventDefault();
-                   event.stopPropagation();
-                   // the next item in the list at the same level
-                   var nextItem = select(item.node().nextElementSibling);
-                   // if there is no next item in this list
-                   if (nextItem.empty()) {
-                       // if there is a parent item
-                       if (!parentItem.empty()) {
-                           // the item is the last item of a sublist,
-                           // select the next item at the parent level
-                           nextItem = select(parentItem.node().nextElementSibling);
-                       }
-                   // if the focused item is expanded
-                   } else if (select(this).classed('expanded')) {
-                       // select the first subitem instead
-                       nextItem = item.select('.subgrid .preset-list-item:first-child');
-                   }
-                   if (!nextItem.empty()) {
-                       // focus on the next item
-                       nextItem.select('.preset-list-button').node().focus();
-                   }
+         var _qaItem;
 
-               // arrow up, move focus to the previous, higher item
-               } else if (event.keyCode === utilKeybinding.keyCodes['↑']) {
-                   event.preventDefault();
-                   event.stopPropagation();
-                   // the previous item in the list at the same level
-                   var previousItem = select(item.node().previousElementSibling);
-
-                   // if there is no previous item in this list
-                   if (previousItem.empty()) {
-                       // if there is a parent item
-                       if (!parentItem.empty()) {
-                           // the item is the first subitem of a sublist select the parent item
-                           previousItem = parentItem;
-                       }
-                   // if the previous item is expanded
-                   } else if (previousItem.select('.preset-list-button').classed('expanded')) {
-                       // select the last subitem of the sublist of the previous item
-                       previousItem = previousItem.select('.subgrid .preset-list-item:last-child');
-                   }
+         function osmoseEditor(selection) {
+           var header = selection.selectAll('.header').data([0]);
+           var headerEnter = header.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'header fillL');
+           headerEnter.append('button').attr('class', 'close').on('click', function () {
+             return context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+           }).call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-close'));
+           headerEnter.append('h3').html(_t.html('QA.osmose.title'));
+           var body = selection.selectAll('.body').data([0]);
+           body = body.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'body').merge(body);
+           var editor = body.selectAll('.qa-editor').data([0]);
+           editor.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'modal-section qa-editor').merge(editor).call(qaHeader.issue(_qaItem)).call(qaDetails.issue(_qaItem)).call(osmoseSaveSection);
+           var footer = selection.selectAll('.footer').data([0]);
+           footer.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'footer').merge(footer).call(uiViewOnOsmose().what(_qaItem));
+         }
 
-                   if (!previousItem.empty()) {
-                       // focus on the previous item
-                       previousItem.select('.preset-list-button').node().focus();
-                   } else {
-                       // the focus is at the top of the list, move focus back to the search field
-                       var search = select(this.closest('.preset-list-pane')).select('.preset-search-input');
-                       search.node().focus();
-                   }
+         function osmoseSaveSection(selection) {
+           var isSelected = _qaItem && _qaItem.id === context.selectedErrorID();
 
-               // arrow left, move focus to the parent item if there is one
-               } else if (event.keyCode === utilKeybinding.keyCodes[(_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl') ? '→' : '←']) {
-                   event.preventDefault();
-                   event.stopPropagation();
-                   // if there is a parent item, focus on the parent item
-                   if (!parentItem.empty()) {
-                       parentItem.select('.preset-list-button').node().focus();
-                   }
+           var isShown = _qaItem && isSelected;
+           var saveSection = selection.selectAll('.qa-save').data(isShown ? [_qaItem] : [], function (d) {
+             return "".concat(d.id, "-").concat(d.status || 0);
+           }); // exit
 
-               // arrow right, choose this item
-               } else if (event.keyCode === utilKeybinding.keyCodes[(_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl') ? '←' : '→']) {
-                   event.preventDefault();
-                   event.stopPropagation();
-                   item.datum().choose.call(select(this).node());
-               }
-           }
+           saveSection.exit().remove(); // enter
 
+           var saveSectionEnter = saveSection.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'qa-save save-section cf'); // update
 
-           function CategoryItem(preset) {
-               var box, sublist, shown = false;
+           saveSection = saveSectionEnter.merge(saveSection).call(qaSaveButtons);
+         }
 
-               function item(selection) {
-                   var wrap = selection.append('div')
-                       .attr('class', 'preset-list-button-wrap category');
+         function qaSaveButtons(selection) {
+           var isSelected = _qaItem && _qaItem.id === context.selectedErrorID();
 
-                   function click() {
-                       var isExpanded = select(this).classed('expanded');
-                       var iconName = isExpanded ?
-                           (_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl' ? '#iD-icon-backward' : '#iD-icon-forward') : '#iD-icon-down';
-                       select(this)
-                           .classed('expanded', !isExpanded);
-                       select(this).selectAll('div.label-inner svg.icon use')
-                           .attr('href', iconName);
-                       item.choose();
-                   }
+           var buttonSection = selection.selectAll('.buttons').data(isSelected ? [_qaItem] : [], function (d) {
+             return d.status + d.id;
+           }); // exit
 
-                   var geometries = entityGeometries();
+           buttonSection.exit().remove(); // enter
 
-                   var button = wrap
-                       .append('button')
-                       .attr('class', 'preset-list-button')
-                       .classed('expanded', false)
-                       .call(uiPresetIcon()
-                           .geometry(geometries.length === 1 && geometries[0])
-                           .preset(preset))
-                       .on('click', click)
-                       .on('keydown', function() {
-                           // right arrow, expand the focused item
-                           if (event.keyCode === utilKeybinding.keyCodes[(_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl') ? '←' : '→']) {
-                               event.preventDefault();
-                               event.stopPropagation();
-                               // if the item isn't expanded
-                               if (!select(this).classed('expanded')) {
-                                   // toggle expansion (expand the item)
-                                   click.call(this);
-                               }
-                           // left arrow, collapse the focused item
-                           } else if (event.keyCode === utilKeybinding.keyCodes[(_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl') ? '→' : '←']) {
-                               event.preventDefault();
-                               event.stopPropagation();
-                               // if the item is expanded
-                               if (select(this).classed('expanded')) {
-                                   // toggle expansion (collapse the item)
-                                   click.call(this);
-                               }
-                           } else {
-                               itemKeydown.call(this);
-                           }
-                       });
+           var buttonEnter = buttonSection.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'buttons');
+           buttonEnter.append('button').attr('class', 'button close-button action');
+           buttonEnter.append('button').attr('class', 'button ignore-button action'); // update
 
-                   var label = button
-                       .append('div')
-                       .attr('class', 'label')
-                       .append('div')
-                       .attr('class', 'label-inner');
+           buttonSection = buttonSection.merge(buttonEnter);
+           buttonSection.select('.close-button').html(_t.html('QA.keepRight.close')).on('click.close', function (d3_event, d) {
+             this.blur(); // avoid keeping focus on the button - #4641
 
-                   label
-                       .append('div')
-                       .attr('class', 'namepart')
-                       .call(svgIcon((_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl' ? '#iD-icon-backward' : '#iD-icon-forward'), 'inline'))
-                       .append('span')
-                       .html(function() { return preset.name() + '&hellip;'; });
+             var qaService = services.osmose;
 
-                   box = selection.append('div')
-                       .attr('class', 'subgrid')
-                       .style('max-height', '0px')
-                       .style('opacity', 0);
+             if (qaService) {
+               d.newStatus = 'done';
+               qaService.postUpdate(d, function (err, item) {
+                 return dispatch.call('change', item);
+               });
+             }
+           });
+           buttonSection.select('.ignore-button').html(_t.html('QA.keepRight.ignore')).on('click.ignore', function (d3_event, d) {
+             this.blur(); // avoid keeping focus on the button - #4641
 
-                   box.append('div')
-                       .attr('class', 'arrow');
+             var qaService = services.osmose;
 
-                   sublist = box.append('div')
-                       .attr('class', 'preset-list fillL3');
-               }
+             if (qaService) {
+               d.newStatus = 'false';
+               qaService.postUpdate(d, function (err, item) {
+                 return dispatch.call('change', item);
+               });
+             }
+           });
+         } // NOTE: Don't change method name until UI v3 is merged
 
 
-               item.choose = function() {
-                   if (!box || !sublist) return;
+         osmoseEditor.error = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _qaItem;
+           _qaItem = val;
+           return osmoseEditor;
+         };
 
-                   if (shown) {
-                       shown = false;
-                       box.transition()
-                           .duration(200)
-                           .style('opacity', '0')
-                           .style('max-height', '0px')
-                           .style('padding-bottom', '0px');
-                   } else {
-                       shown = true;
-                       var members = preset.members.matchAllGeometry(entityGeometries());
-                       sublist.call(drawList, members);
-                       box.transition()
-                           .duration(200)
-                           .style('opacity', '1')
-                           .style('max-height', 200 + members.collection.length * 190 + 'px')
-                           .style('padding-bottom', '10px');
-                   }
-               };
+         return utilRebind(osmoseEditor, dispatch, 'on');
+       }
 
-               item.preset = preset;
-               return item;
-           }
+       function uiNoteComments() {
+         var _note;
 
+         function noteComments(selection) {
+           if (_note.isNew()) return; // don't draw .comments-container
 
-           function PresetItem(preset) {
-               function item(selection) {
-                   var wrap = selection.append('div')
-                       .attr('class', 'preset-list-button-wrap');
+           var comments = selection.selectAll('.comments-container').data([0]);
+           comments = comments.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'comments-container').merge(comments);
+           var commentEnter = comments.selectAll('.comment').data(_note.comments).enter().append('div').attr('class', 'comment');
+           commentEnter.append('div').attr('class', function (d) {
+             return 'comment-avatar user-' + d.uid;
+           }).call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-avatar', 'comment-avatar-icon'));
+           var mainEnter = commentEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'comment-main');
+           var metadataEnter = mainEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'comment-metadata');
+           metadataEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'comment-author').each(function (d) {
+             var selection = select(this);
+             var osm = services.osm;
 
-                   var geometries = entityGeometries();
+             if (osm && d.user) {
+               selection = selection.append('a').attr('class', 'comment-author-link').attr('href', osm.userURL(d.user)).attr('target', '_blank');
+             }
 
-                   var button = wrap.append('button')
-                       .attr('class', 'preset-list-button')
-                       .call(uiPresetIcon()
-                           .geometry(geometries.length === 1 && geometries[0])
-                           .preset(preset))
-                       .on('click', item.choose)
-                       .on('keydown', itemKeydown);
+             selection.html(function (d) {
+               return d.user || _t.html('note.anonymous');
+             });
+           });
+           metadataEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'comment-date').html(function (d) {
+             return _t('note.status.' + d.action, {
+               when: localeDateString(d.date)
+             });
+           });
+           mainEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'comment-text').html(function (d) {
+             return d.html;
+           }).selectAll('a').attr('rel', 'noopener nofollow').attr('target', '_blank');
+           comments.call(replaceAvatars);
+         }
 
-                   var label = button
-                       .append('div')
-                       .attr('class', 'label')
-                       .append('div')
-                       .attr('class', 'label-inner');
+         function replaceAvatars(selection) {
+           var showThirdPartyIcons = corePreferences('preferences.privacy.thirdpartyicons') || 'true';
+           var osm = services.osm;
+           if (showThirdPartyIcons !== 'true' || !osm) return;
+           var uids = {}; // gather uids in the comment thread
 
-                   // NOTE: split/join on en-dash, not a hypen (to avoid conflict with fr - nl names in Brussels etc)
-                   label.selectAll('.namepart')
-                       .data(preset.name().split(' – '))
-                       .enter()
-                       .append('div')
-                       .attr('class', 'namepart')
-                       .text(function(d) { return d; });
+           _note.comments.forEach(function (d) {
+             if (d.uid) uids[d.uid] = true;
+           });
 
-                   wrap.call(item.reference.button);
-                   selection.call(item.reference.body);
-               }
+           Object.keys(uids).forEach(function (uid) {
+             osm.loadUser(uid, function (err, user) {
+               if (!user || !user.image_url) return;
+               selection.selectAll('.comment-avatar.user-' + uid).html('').append('img').attr('class', 'icon comment-avatar-icon').attr('src', user.image_url).attr('alt', user.display_name);
+             });
+           });
+         }
 
-               item.choose = function() {
-                   if (select(this).classed('disabled')) return;
-                   if (!context.inIntro()) {
-                       _mainPresetIndex.setMostRecent(preset, entityGeometries()[0]);
-                   }
-                   context.perform(
-                       function(graph) {
-                           for (var i in _entityIDs) {
-                               var entityID = _entityIDs[i];
-                               var oldPreset = _mainPresetIndex.match(graph.entity(entityID), graph);
-                               graph = actionChangePreset(entityID, oldPreset, preset)(graph);
-                           }
-                           return graph;
-                       },
-                       _t('operations.change_tags.annotation')
-                   );
+         function localeDateString(s) {
+           if (!s) return null;
+           var options = {
+             day: 'numeric',
+             month: 'short',
+             year: 'numeric'
+           };
+           s = s.replace(/-/g, '/'); // fix browser-specific Date() issues
 
-                   context.validator().validate();  // rerun validation
-                   dispatch$1.call('choose', this, preset);
-               };
+           var d = new Date(s);
+           if (isNaN(d.getTime())) return null;
+           return d.toLocaleDateString(_mainLocalizer.localeCode(), options);
+         }
 
-               item.help = function() {
-                   event.stopPropagation();
-                   item.reference.toggle();
-               };
+         noteComments.note = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _note;
+           _note = val;
+           return noteComments;
+         };
+
+         return noteComments;
+       }
+
+       function uiNoteHeader() {
+         var _note;
+
+         function noteHeader(selection) {
+           var header = selection.selectAll('.note-header').data(_note ? [_note] : [], function (d) {
+             return d.status + d.id;
+           });
+           header.exit().remove();
+           var headerEnter = header.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'note-header');
+           var iconEnter = headerEnter.append('div').attr('class', function (d) {
+             return 'note-header-icon ' + d.status;
+           }).classed('new', function (d) {
+             return d.id < 0;
+           });
+           iconEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'preset-icon-28').call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-note', 'note-fill'));
+           iconEnter.each(function (d) {
+             var statusIcon;
+
+             if (d.id < 0) {
+               statusIcon = '#iD-icon-plus';
+             } else if (d.status === 'open') {
+               statusIcon = '#iD-icon-close';
+             } else {
+               statusIcon = '#iD-icon-apply';
+             }
 
-               item.preset = preset;
-               item.reference = uiTagReference(preset.reference(entityGeometries()[0]));
+             iconEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'note-icon-annotation').call(svgIcon(statusIcon, 'icon-annotation'));
+           });
+           headerEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'note-header-label').html(function (d) {
+             if (_note.isNew()) {
+               return _t('note.new');
+             }
 
-               return item;
-           }
+             return _t('note.note') + ' ' + d.id + ' ' + (d.status === 'closed' ? _t('note.closed') : '');
+           });
+         }
 
+         noteHeader.note = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _note;
+           _note = val;
+           return noteHeader;
+         };
 
-           function updateForFeatureHiddenState() {
-               if (!_entityIDs.every(context.hasEntity)) return;
+         return noteHeader;
+       }
 
-               var geometries = entityGeometries();
-               var button = context.container().selectAll('.preset-list .preset-list-button');
+       function uiNoteReport() {
+         var _note;
 
-               // remove existing tooltips
-               button.call(uiTooltip().destroyAny);
+         function noteReport(selection) {
+           var url;
 
-               button.each(function(item, index) {
-                   var hiddenPresetFeaturesId;
-                   for (var i in geometries) {
-                       hiddenPresetFeaturesId = context.features().isHiddenPreset(item.preset, geometries[i]);
-                       if (hiddenPresetFeaturesId) break;
-                   }
-                   var isHiddenPreset = !context.inIntro() &&
-                       !!hiddenPresetFeaturesId &&
-                       (_currentPresets.length !== 1 || item.preset !== _currentPresets[0]);
-
-                   select(this)
-                       .classed('disabled', isHiddenPreset);
-
-                   if (isHiddenPreset) {
-                       var isAutoHidden = context.features().autoHidden(hiddenPresetFeaturesId);
-                       var tooltipIdSuffix = isAutoHidden ? 'zoom' : 'manual';
-                       var tooltipObj = { features: _t('feature.' + hiddenPresetFeaturesId + '.description') };
-                       select(this).call(uiTooltip()
-                           .title(_t('inspector.hidden_preset.' + tooltipIdSuffix, tooltipObj))
-                           .placement(index < 2 ? 'bottom' : 'top')
-                       );
-                   }
-               });
+           if (services.osm && _note instanceof osmNote && !_note.isNew()) {
+             url = services.osm.noteReportURL(_note);
            }
 
-           presetList.autofocus = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _autofocus;
-               _autofocus = val;
-               return presetList;
-           };
+           var link = selection.selectAll('.note-report').data(url ? [url] : []); // exit
 
-           presetList.entityIDs = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _entityIDs;
-               _entityIDs = val;
-               if (_entityIDs && _entityIDs.length) {
-                   var presets = _entityIDs.map(function(entityID) {
-                       return _mainPresetIndex.match(context.entity(entityID), context.graph());
-                   });
-                   presetList.presets(presets);
-               }
-               return presetList;
-           };
+           link.exit().remove(); // enter
 
-           presetList.presets = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _currentPresets;
-               _currentPresets = val;
-               return presetList;
-           };
+           var linkEnter = link.enter().append('a').attr('class', 'note-report').attr('target', '_blank').attr('href', function (d) {
+             return d;
+           }).call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-out-link', 'inline'));
+           linkEnter.append('span').html(_t.html('note.report'));
+         }
 
-           function entityGeometries() {
+         noteReport.note = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _note;
+           _note = val;
+           return noteReport;
+         };
 
-               var counts = {};
+         return noteReport;
+       }
 
-               for (var i in _entityIDs) {
-                   var entityID = _entityIDs[i];
-                   var entity = context.entity(entityID);
-                   var geometry = entity.geometry(context.graph());
+       function uiNoteEditor(context) {
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('change');
+         var noteComments = uiNoteComments();
+         var noteHeader = uiNoteHeader(); // var formFields = uiFormFields(context);
 
-                   // Treat entities on addr:interpolation lines as points, not vertices (#3241)
-                   if (geometry === 'vertex' && entity.isOnAddressLine(context.graph())) {
-                       geometry = 'point';
-                   }
+         var _note;
 
-                   if (!counts[geometry]) counts[geometry] = 0;
-                   counts[geometry] += 1;
-               }
+         var _newNote; // var _fieldsArr;
 
-               return Object.keys(counts).sort(function(geom1, geom2) {
-                   return counts[geom2] - counts[geom1];
-               });
-           }
 
-           function combinedEntityExtent() {
-               return _entityIDs.reduce(function(extent, entityID) {
-                   var entity = context.graph().entity(entityID);
-                   return extent.extend(entity.extent(context.graph()));
-               }, geoExtent());
+         function noteEditor(selection) {
+           var header = selection.selectAll('.header').data([0]);
+           var headerEnter = header.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'header fillL');
+           headerEnter.append('button').attr('class', 'close').on('click', function () {
+             context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+           }).call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-close'));
+           headerEnter.append('h3').html(_t.html('note.title'));
+           var body = selection.selectAll('.body').data([0]);
+           body = body.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'body').merge(body);
+           var editor = body.selectAll('.note-editor').data([0]);
+           editor.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'modal-section note-editor').merge(editor).call(noteHeader.note(_note)).call(noteComments.note(_note)).call(noteSaveSection);
+           var footer = selection.selectAll('.footer').data([0]);
+           footer.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'footer').merge(footer).call(uiViewOnOSM(context).what(_note)).call(uiNoteReport().note(_note)); // rerender the note editor on any auth change
+
+           var osm = services.osm;
+
+           if (osm) {
+             osm.on('change.note-save', function () {
+               selection.call(noteEditor);
+             });
            }
+         }
 
-           return utilRebind(presetList, dispatch$1, 'on');
-       }
+         function noteSaveSection(selection) {
+           var isSelected = _note && _note.id === context.selectedNoteID();
 
-       function uiInspector(context) {
-           var presetList = uiPresetList(context);
-           var entityEditor = uiEntityEditor(context);
-           var wrap = select(null),
-               presetPane = select(null),
-               editorPane = select(null);
-           var _state = 'select';
-           var _entityIDs;
-           var _newFeature = false;
-
-
-           function inspector(selection) {
-               presetList
-                   .entityIDs(_entityIDs)
-                   .autofocus(_newFeature)
-                   .on('choose', inspector.setPreset)
-                   .on('cancel', function() {
-                       wrap.transition()
-                           .styleTween('right', function() { return interpolate('-100%', '0%'); });
-                       editorPane.call(entityEditor);
-                   });
+           var noteSave = selection.selectAll('.note-save').data(isSelected ? [_note] : [], function (d) {
+             return d.status + d.id;
+           }); // exit
 
-               entityEditor
-                   .state(_state)
-                   .entityIDs(_entityIDs)
-                   .on('choose', inspector.showList);
+           noteSave.exit().remove(); // enter
 
-               wrap = selection.selectAll('.panewrap')
-                   .data([0]);
+           var noteSaveEnter = noteSave.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'note-save save-section cf'); // // if new note, show categories to pick from
+           // if (_note.isNew()) {
+           //     var presets = presetManager;
+           //     // NOTE: this key isn't a age and therefore there is no documentation (yet)
+           //     _fieldsArr = [
+           //         uiField(context, presets.field('category'), null, { show: true, revert: false }),
+           //     ];
+           //     _fieldsArr.forEach(function(field) {
+           //         field
+           //             .on('change', changeCategory);
+           //     });
+           //     noteSaveEnter
+           //         .append('div')
+           //         .attr('class', 'note-category')
+           //         .call(formFields.fieldsArr(_fieldsArr));
+           // }
+           // function changeCategory() {
+           //     // NOTE: perhaps there is a better way to get value
+           //     var val = context.container().select('input[name=\'category\']:checked').property('__data__') || undefined;
+           //     // store the unsaved category with the note itself
+           //     _note = _note.update({ newCategory: val });
+           //     var osm = services.osm;
+           //     if (osm) {
+           //         osm.replaceNote(_note);  // update note cache
+           //     }
+           //     noteSave
+           //         .call(noteSaveButtons);
+           // }
 
-               var enter = wrap.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'panewrap');
+           noteSaveEnter.append('h4').attr('class', '.note-save-header').html(function () {
+             return _note.isNew() ? _t('note.newDescription') : _t('note.newComment');
+           });
+           var commentTextarea = noteSaveEnter.append('textarea').attr('class', 'new-comment-input').attr('placeholder', _t('note.inputPlaceholder')).attr('maxlength', 1000).property('value', function (d) {
+             return d.newComment;
+           }).call(utilNoAuto).on('keydown.note-input', keydown).on('input.note-input', changeInput).on('blur.note-input', changeInput);
+
+           if (!commentTextarea.empty() && _newNote) {
+             // autofocus the comment field for new notes
+             commentTextarea.node().focus();
+           } // update
+
+
+           noteSave = noteSaveEnter.merge(noteSave).call(userDetails).call(noteSaveButtons); // fast submit if user presses cmd+enter
+
+           function keydown(d3_event) {
+             if (!(d3_event.keyCode === 13 && // ↩ Return
+             d3_event.metaKey)) return;
+             var osm = services.osm;
+             if (!osm) return;
+             var hasAuth = osm.authenticated();
+             if (!hasAuth) return;
+             if (!_note.newComment) return;
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             select(this).on('keydown.note-input', null); // focus on button and submit
+
+             window.setTimeout(function () {
+               if (_note.isNew()) {
+                 noteSave.selectAll('.save-button').node().focus();
+                 clickSave();
+               } else {
+                 noteSave.selectAll('.comment-button').node().focus();
+                 clickComment();
+               }
+             }, 10);
+           }
 
-               enter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'preset-list-pane pane');
+           function changeInput() {
+             var input = select(this);
+             var val = input.property('value').trim() || undefined; // store the unsaved comment with the note itself
 
-               enter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'entity-editor-pane pane');
+             _note = _note.update({
+               newComment: val
+             });
+             var osm = services.osm;
 
-               wrap = wrap.merge(enter);
-               presetPane = wrap.selectAll('.preset-list-pane');
-               editorPane = wrap.selectAll('.entity-editor-pane');
+             if (osm) {
+               osm.replaceNote(_note); // update note cache
+             }
 
-               function shouldDefaultToPresetList() {
-                   // always show the inspector on hover
-                   if (_state !== 'select') return false;
+             noteSave.call(noteSaveButtons);
+           }
+         }
 
-                   // can only change preset on single selection
-                   if (_entityIDs.length !== 1) return false;
+         function userDetails(selection) {
+           var detailSection = selection.selectAll('.detail-section').data([0]);
+           detailSection = detailSection.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'detail-section').merge(detailSection);
+           var osm = services.osm;
+           if (!osm) return; // Add warning if user is not logged in
 
-                   var entityID = _entityIDs[0];
-                   var entity = context.hasEntity(entityID);
-                   if (!entity) return false;
+           var hasAuth = osm.authenticated();
+           var authWarning = detailSection.selectAll('.auth-warning').data(hasAuth ? [] : [0]);
+           authWarning.exit().transition().duration(200).style('opacity', 0).remove();
+           var authEnter = authWarning.enter().insert('div', '.tag-reference-body').attr('class', 'field-warning auth-warning').style('opacity', 0);
+           authEnter.call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-alert', 'inline'));
+           authEnter.append('span').html(_t.html('note.login'));
+           authEnter.append('a').attr('target', '_blank').call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-out-link', 'inline')).append('span').html(_t.html('login')).on('click.note-login', function (d3_event) {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             osm.authenticate();
+           });
+           authEnter.transition().duration(200).style('opacity', 1);
+           var prose = detailSection.selectAll('.note-save-prose').data(hasAuth ? [0] : []);
+           prose.exit().remove();
+           prose = prose.enter().append('p').attr('class', 'note-save-prose').html(_t.html('note.upload_explanation')).merge(prose);
+           osm.userDetails(function (err, user) {
+             if (err) return;
+             var userLink = select(document.createElement('div'));
 
-                   // default to inspector if there are already tags
-                   if (entity.hasNonGeometryTags()) return false;
+             if (user.image_url) {
+               userLink.append('img').attr('src', user.image_url).attr('class', 'icon pre-text user-icon');
+             }
 
-                   // prompt to select preset if feature is new and untagged
-                   if (_newFeature) return true;
+             userLink.append('a').attr('class', 'user-info').html(user.display_name).attr('href', osm.userURL(user.display_name)).attr('target', '_blank');
+             prose.html(_t.html('note.upload_explanation_with_user', {
+               user: userLink.html()
+             }));
+           });
+         }
 
-                   // all existing features except vertices should default to inspector
-                   if (entity.geometry(context.graph()) !== 'vertex') return false;
+         function noteSaveButtons(selection) {
+           var osm = services.osm;
+           var hasAuth = osm && osm.authenticated();
 
-                   // show vertex relations if any
-                   if (context.graph().parentRelations(entity).length) return false;
+           var isSelected = _note && _note.id === context.selectedNoteID();
 
-                   // show vertex issues if there are any
-                   if (context.validator().getEntityIssues(entityID).length) return false;
+           var buttonSection = selection.selectAll('.buttons').data(isSelected ? [_note] : [], function (d) {
+             return d.status + d.id;
+           }); // exit
 
-                   // show turn retriction editor for junction vertices
-                   if (entity.isHighwayIntersection(context.graph())) return false;
+           buttonSection.exit().remove(); // enter
 
-                   // otherwise show preset list for uninteresting vertices
-                   return true;
-               }
+           var buttonEnter = buttonSection.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'buttons');
 
-               if (shouldDefaultToPresetList()) {
-                   wrap.style('right', '-100%');
-                   presetPane.call(presetList);
-               } else {
-                   wrap.style('right', '0%');
-                   editorPane.call(entityEditor);
-               }
+           if (_note.isNew()) {
+             buttonEnter.append('button').attr('class', 'button cancel-button secondary-action').html(_t.html('confirm.cancel'));
+             buttonEnter.append('button').attr('class', 'button save-button action').html(_t.html('note.save'));
+           } else {
+             buttonEnter.append('button').attr('class', 'button status-button action');
+             buttonEnter.append('button').attr('class', 'button comment-button action').html(_t.html('note.comment'));
+           } // update
 
-               var footer = selection.selectAll('.footer')
-                   .data([0]);
 
-               footer = footer.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'footer')
-                   .merge(footer);
+           buttonSection = buttonSection.merge(buttonEnter);
+           buttonSection.select('.cancel-button') // select and propagate data
+           .on('click.cancel', clickCancel);
+           buttonSection.select('.save-button') // select and propagate data
+           .attr('disabled', isSaveDisabled).on('click.save', clickSave);
+           buttonSection.select('.status-button') // select and propagate data
+           .attr('disabled', hasAuth ? null : true).html(function (d) {
+             var action = d.status === 'open' ? 'close' : 'open';
+             var andComment = d.newComment ? '_comment' : '';
+             return _t('note.' + action + andComment);
+           }).on('click.status', clickStatus);
+           buttonSection.select('.comment-button') // select and propagate data
+           .attr('disabled', isSaveDisabled).on('click.comment', clickComment);
 
-               footer
-                   .call(uiViewOnOSM(context)
-                       .what(context.hasEntity(_entityIDs.length === 1 && _entityIDs[0]))
-                   );
+           function isSaveDisabled(d) {
+             return hasAuth && d.status === 'open' && d.newComment ? null : true;
            }
+         }
 
-           inspector.showList = function(presets) {
-
-               wrap.transition()
-                   .styleTween('right', function() { return interpolate('0%', '-100%'); });
-
-               if (presets) {
-                   presetList.presets(presets);
-               }
+         function clickCancel(d3_event, d) {
+           this.blur(); // avoid keeping focus on the button - #4641
 
-               presetPane
-                   .call(presetList.autofocus(true));
-           };
+           var osm = services.osm;
 
-           inspector.setPreset = function(preset) {
+           if (osm) {
+             osm.removeNote(d);
+           }
 
-               // upon setting multipolygon, go to the area preset list instead of the editor
-               if (preset.id === 'type/multipolygon') {
-                   presetPane
-                       .call(presetList.autofocus(true));
+           context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+           dispatch.call('change');
+         }
 
-               } else {
-                   wrap.transition()
-                       .styleTween('right', function() { return interpolate('-100%', '0%'); });
+         function clickSave(d3_event, d) {
+           this.blur(); // avoid keeping focus on the button - #4641
 
-                   editorPane
-                       .call(entityEditor.presets([preset]));
-               }
+           var osm = services.osm;
 
-           };
+           if (osm) {
+             osm.postNoteCreate(d, function (err, note) {
+               dispatch.call('change', note);
+             });
+           }
+         }
 
-           inspector.state = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _state;
-               _state = val;
-               entityEditor.state(_state);
+         function clickStatus(d3_event, d) {
+           this.blur(); // avoid keeping focus on the button - #4641
 
-               // remove any old field help overlay that might have gotten attached to the inspector
-               context.container().selectAll('.field-help-body').remove();
+           var osm = services.osm;
 
-               return inspector;
-           };
+           if (osm) {
+             var setStatus = d.status === 'open' ? 'closed' : 'open';
+             osm.postNoteUpdate(d, setStatus, function (err, note) {
+               dispatch.call('change', note);
+             });
+           }
+         }
 
+         function clickComment(d3_event, d) {
+           this.blur(); // avoid keeping focus on the button - #4641
 
-           inspector.entityIDs = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _entityIDs;
-               _entityIDs = val;
-               return inspector;
-           };
+           var osm = services.osm;
 
+           if (osm) {
+             osm.postNoteUpdate(d, d.status, function (err, note) {
+               dispatch.call('change', note);
+             });
+           }
+         }
 
-           inspector.newFeature = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _newFeature;
-               _newFeature = val;
-               return inspector;
-           };
+         noteEditor.note = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _note;
+           _note = val;
+           return noteEditor;
+         };
 
+         noteEditor.newNote = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _newNote;
+           _newNote = val;
+           return noteEditor;
+         };
 
-           return inspector;
+         return utilRebind(noteEditor, dispatch, 'on');
        }
 
        function uiSidebar(context) {
-           var inspector = uiInspector(context);
-           var dataEditor = uiDataEditor(context);
-           var noteEditor = uiNoteEditor(context);
-           var improveOsmEditor = uiImproveOsmEditor(context);
-           var keepRightEditor = uiKeepRightEditor(context);
-           var osmoseEditor = uiOsmoseEditor(context);
-           var _current;
-           var _wasData = false;
-           var _wasNote = false;
-           var _wasQaItem = false;
-
-           // use pointer events on supported platforms; fallback to mouse events
-           var _pointerPrefix = 'PointerEvent' in window ? 'pointer' : 'mouse';
-
-
-           function sidebar(selection) {
-               var container = context.container();
-               var minWidth = 240;
-               var sidebarWidth;
-               var containerWidth;
-               var dragOffset;
-
-               // Set the initial width constraints
-               selection
-                   .style('min-width', minWidth + 'px')
-                   .style('max-width', '400px')
-                   .style('width', '33.3333%');
-
-               var resizer = selection
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'sidebar-resizer')
-                   .on(_pointerPrefix + 'down.sidebar-resizer', pointerdown);
+         var inspector = uiInspector(context);
+         var dataEditor = uiDataEditor(context);
+         var noteEditor = uiNoteEditor(context);
+         var improveOsmEditor = uiImproveOsmEditor(context);
+         var keepRightEditor = uiKeepRightEditor(context);
+         var osmoseEditor = uiOsmoseEditor(context);
 
-               var downPointerId, lastClientX, containerLocGetter;
+         var _current;
 
-               function pointerdown() {
-                   if (downPointerId) return;
+         var _wasData = false;
+         var _wasNote = false;
+         var _wasQaItem = false; // use pointer events on supported platforms; fallback to mouse events
 
-                   if ('button' in event && event.button !== 0) return;
+         var _pointerPrefix = 'PointerEvent' in window ? 'pointer' : 'mouse';
 
-                   downPointerId = event.pointerId || 'mouse';
+         function sidebar(selection) {
+           var container = context.container();
+           var minWidth = 240;
+           var sidebarWidth;
+           var containerWidth;
+           var dragOffset; // Set the initial width constraints
+
+           selection.style('min-width', minWidth + 'px').style('max-width', '400px').style('width', '33.3333%');
+           var resizer = selection.append('div').attr('class', 'sidebar-resizer').on(_pointerPrefix + 'down.sidebar-resizer', pointerdown);
+           var downPointerId, lastClientX, containerLocGetter;
+
+           function pointerdown(d3_event) {
+             if (downPointerId) return;
+             if ('button' in d3_event && d3_event.button !== 0) return;
+             downPointerId = d3_event.pointerId || 'mouse';
+             lastClientX = d3_event.clientX;
+             containerLocGetter = utilFastMouse(container.node()); // offset from edge of sidebar-resizer
+
+             dragOffset = utilFastMouse(resizer.node())(d3_event)[0] - 1;
+             sidebarWidth = selection.node().getBoundingClientRect().width;
+             containerWidth = container.node().getBoundingClientRect().width;
+             var widthPct = sidebarWidth / containerWidth * 100;
+             selection.style('width', widthPct + '%') // lock in current width
+             .style('max-width', '85%'); // but allow larger widths
+
+             resizer.classed('dragging', true);
+             select(window).on('touchmove.sidebar-resizer', function (d3_event) {
+               // disable page scrolling while resizing on touch input
+               d3_event.preventDefault();
+             }, {
+               passive: false
+             }).on(_pointerPrefix + 'move.sidebar-resizer', pointermove).on(_pointerPrefix + 'up.sidebar-resizer pointercancel.sidebar-resizer', pointerup);
+           }
+
+           function pointermove(d3_event) {
+             if (downPointerId !== (d3_event.pointerId || 'mouse')) return;
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             var dx = d3_event.clientX - lastClientX;
+             lastClientX = d3_event.clientX;
+             var isRTL = _mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl';
+             var scaleX = isRTL ? 0 : 1;
+             var xMarginProperty = isRTL ? 'margin-right' : 'margin-left';
+             var x = containerLocGetter(d3_event)[0] - dragOffset;
+             sidebarWidth = isRTL ? containerWidth - x : x;
+             var isCollapsed = selection.classed('collapsed');
+             var shouldCollapse = sidebarWidth < minWidth;
+             selection.classed('collapsed', shouldCollapse);
+
+             if (shouldCollapse) {
+               if (!isCollapsed) {
+                 selection.style(xMarginProperty, '-400px').style('width', '400px');
+                 context.ui().onResize([(sidebarWidth - dx) * scaleX, 0]);
+               }
+             } else {
+               var widthPct = sidebarWidth / containerWidth * 100;
+               selection.style(xMarginProperty, null).style('width', widthPct + '%');
 
-                   lastClientX = event.clientX;
+               if (isCollapsed) {
+                 context.ui().onResize([-sidebarWidth * scaleX, 0]);
+               } else {
+                 context.ui().onResize([-dx * scaleX, 0]);
+               }
+             }
+           }
 
-                   containerLocGetter = utilFastMouse(container.node());
+           function pointerup(d3_event) {
+             if (downPointerId !== (d3_event.pointerId || 'mouse')) return;
+             downPointerId = null;
+             resizer.classed('dragging', false);
+             select(window).on('touchmove.sidebar-resizer', null).on(_pointerPrefix + 'move.sidebar-resizer', null).on(_pointerPrefix + 'up.sidebar-resizer pointercancel.sidebar-resizer', null);
+           }
 
-                   // offset from edge of sidebar-resizer
-                   dragOffset = utilFastMouse(resizer.node())(event)[0] - 1;
+           var featureListWrap = selection.append('div').attr('class', 'feature-list-pane').call(uiFeatureList(context));
+           var inspectorWrap = selection.append('div').attr('class', 'inspector-hidden inspector-wrap');
 
-                   sidebarWidth = selection.node().getBoundingClientRect().width;
-                   containerWidth = container.node().getBoundingClientRect().width;
-                   var widthPct = (sidebarWidth / containerWidth) * 100;
-                   selection
-                       .style('width', widthPct + '%')    // lock in current width
-                       .style('max-width', '85%');        // but allow larger widths
+           var hoverModeSelect = function hoverModeSelect(targets) {
+             context.container().selectAll('.feature-list-item button').classed('hover', false);
 
-                   resizer.classed('dragging', true);
+             if (context.selectedIDs().length > 1 && targets && targets.length) {
+               var elements = context.container().selectAll('.feature-list-item button').filter(function (node) {
+                 return targets.indexOf(node) !== -1;
+               });
 
-                   select(window)
-                       .on('touchmove.sidebar-resizer', function() {
-                           // disable page scrolling while resizing on touch input
-                           event.preventDefault();
-                       }, { passive: false })
-                       .on(_pointerPrefix + 'move.sidebar-resizer', pointermove)
-                       .on(_pointerPrefix + 'up.sidebar-resizer pointercancel.sidebar-resizer', pointerup);
+               if (!elements.empty()) {
+                 elements.classed('hover', true);
                }
+             }
+           };
 
-               function pointermove() {
-
-                   if (downPointerId !== (event.pointerId || 'mouse')) return;
-
-                   event.preventDefault();
+           sidebar.hoverModeSelect = throttle(hoverModeSelect, 200);
 
-                   var dx = event.clientX - lastClientX;
+           function hover(targets) {
+             var datum = targets && targets.length && targets[0];
 
-                   lastClientX = event.clientX;
+             if (datum && datum.__featurehash__) {
+               // hovering on data
+               _wasData = true;
+               sidebar.show(dataEditor.datum(datum));
+               selection.selectAll('.sidebar-component').classed('inspector-hover', true);
+             } else if (datum instanceof osmNote) {
+               if (context.mode().id === 'drag-note') return;
+               _wasNote = true;
+               var osm = services.osm;
 
-                   var isRTL = (_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl');
-                   var scaleX = isRTL ? 0 : 1;
-                   var xMarginProperty = isRTL ? 'margin-right' : 'margin-left';
+               if (osm) {
+                 datum = osm.getNote(datum.id); // marker may contain stale data - get latest
+               }
 
-                   var x = containerLocGetter(event)[0] - dragOffset;
-                   sidebarWidth = isRTL ? containerWidth - x : x;
+               sidebar.show(noteEditor.note(datum));
+               selection.selectAll('.sidebar-component').classed('inspector-hover', true);
+             } else if (datum instanceof QAItem) {
+               _wasQaItem = true;
+               var errService = services[datum.service];
 
-                   var isCollapsed = selection.classed('collapsed');
-                   var shouldCollapse = sidebarWidth < minWidth;
+               if (errService) {
+                 // marker may contain stale data - get latest
+                 datum = errService.getError(datum.id);
+               } // Currently only three possible services
 
-                   selection.classed('collapsed', shouldCollapse);
 
-                   if (shouldCollapse) {
-                       if (!isCollapsed) {
-                           selection
-                               .style(xMarginProperty, '-400px')
-                               .style('width', '400px');
+               var errEditor;
 
-                           context.ui().onResize([(sidebarWidth - dx) * scaleX, 0]);
-                       }
+               if (datum.service === 'keepRight') {
+                 errEditor = keepRightEditor;
+               } else if (datum.service === 'osmose') {
+                 errEditor = osmoseEditor;
+               } else {
+                 errEditor = improveOsmEditor;
+               }
 
-                   } else {
-                       var widthPct = (sidebarWidth / containerWidth) * 100;
-                       selection
-                           .style(xMarginProperty, null)
-                           .style('width', widthPct + '%');
+               context.container().selectAll('.qaItem.' + datum.service).classed('hover', function (d) {
+                 return d.id === datum.id;
+               });
+               sidebar.show(errEditor.error(datum));
+               selection.selectAll('.sidebar-component').classed('inspector-hover', true);
+             } else if (!_current && datum instanceof osmEntity) {
+               featureListWrap.classed('inspector-hidden', true);
+               inspectorWrap.classed('inspector-hidden', false).classed('inspector-hover', true);
 
-                       if (isCollapsed) {
-                           context.ui().onResize([-sidebarWidth * scaleX, 0]);
-                       } else {
-                           context.ui().onResize([-dx * scaleX, 0]);
-                       }
-                   }
+               if (!inspector.entityIDs() || !utilArrayIdentical(inspector.entityIDs(), [datum.id]) || inspector.state() !== 'hover') {
+                 inspector.state('hover').entityIDs([datum.id]).newFeature(false);
+                 inspectorWrap.call(inspector);
                }
+             } else if (!_current) {
+               featureListWrap.classed('inspector-hidden', false);
+               inspectorWrap.classed('inspector-hidden', true);
+               inspector.state('hide');
+             } else if (_wasData || _wasNote || _wasQaItem) {
+               _wasNote = false;
+               _wasData = false;
+               _wasQaItem = false;
+               context.container().selectAll('.note').classed('hover', false);
+               context.container().selectAll('.qaItem').classed('hover', false);
+               sidebar.hide();
+             }
+           }
 
-               function pointerup() {
-                   if (downPointerId !== (event.pointerId || 'mouse')) return;
+           sidebar.hover = throttle(hover, 200);
 
-                   downPointerId = null;
+           sidebar.intersects = function (extent) {
+             var rect = selection.node().getBoundingClientRect();
+             return extent.intersects([context.projection.invert([0, rect.height]), context.projection.invert([rect.width, 0])]);
+           };
 
-                   resizer.classed('dragging', false);
+           sidebar.select = function (ids, newFeature) {
+             sidebar.hide();
 
-                   select(window)
-                       .on('touchmove.sidebar-resizer', null)
-                       .on(_pointerPrefix + 'move.sidebar-resizer', null)
-                       .on(_pointerPrefix + 'up.sidebar-resizer pointercancel.sidebar-resizer', null);
-               }
+             if (ids && ids.length) {
+               var entity = ids.length === 1 && context.entity(ids[0]);
 
-               var featureListWrap = selection
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'feature-list-pane')
-                   .call(uiFeatureList(context));
+               if (entity && newFeature && selection.classed('collapsed')) {
+                 // uncollapse the sidebar
+                 var extent = entity.extent(context.graph());
+                 sidebar.expand(sidebar.intersects(extent));
+               }
 
-               var inspectorWrap = selection
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'inspector-hidden inspector-wrap');
+               featureListWrap.classed('inspector-hidden', true);
+               inspectorWrap.classed('inspector-hidden', false).classed('inspector-hover', false); // reload the UI even if the ids are the same since the entities
+               // themselves may have changed
 
-               var hoverModeSelect = function(targets) {
-                   context.container().selectAll('.feature-list-item').classed('hover', false);
+               inspector.state('select').entityIDs(ids).newFeature(newFeature);
+               inspectorWrap.call(inspector);
+             } else {
+               inspector.state('hide');
+             }
+           };
 
-                   if (context.selectedIDs().length > 1 &&
-                       targets && targets.length) {
+           sidebar.showPresetList = function () {
+             inspector.showList();
+           };
 
-                       var elements = context.container().selectAll('.feature-list-item')
-                           .filter(function (node) {
-                               return targets.indexOf(node) !== -1;
-                           });
+           sidebar.show = function (component, element) {
+             featureListWrap.classed('inspector-hidden', true);
+             inspectorWrap.classed('inspector-hidden', true);
+             if (_current) _current.remove();
+             _current = selection.append('div').attr('class', 'sidebar-component').call(component, element);
+           };
 
-                       if (!elements.empty()) {
-                           elements.classed('hover', true);
-                       }
-                   }
-               };
+           sidebar.hide = function () {
+             featureListWrap.classed('inspector-hidden', false);
+             inspectorWrap.classed('inspector-hidden', true);
+             if (_current) _current.remove();
+             _current = null;
+           };
 
-               sidebar.hoverModeSelect = throttle(hoverModeSelect, 200);
+           sidebar.expand = function (moveMap) {
+             if (selection.classed('collapsed')) {
+               sidebar.toggle(moveMap);
+             }
+           };
 
-               function hover(targets) {
-                   var datum = targets && targets.length && targets[0];
-                   if (datum && datum.__featurehash__) {   // hovering on data
-                       _wasData = true;
-                       sidebar
-                           .show(dataEditor.datum(datum));
+           sidebar.collapse = function (moveMap) {
+             if (!selection.classed('collapsed')) {
+               sidebar.toggle(moveMap);
+             }
+           };
 
-                       selection.selectAll('.sidebar-component')
-                           .classed('inspector-hover', true);
+           sidebar.toggle = function (moveMap) {
+             // Don't allow sidebar to toggle when the user is in the walkthrough.
+             if (context.inIntro()) return;
+             var isCollapsed = selection.classed('collapsed');
+             var isCollapsing = !isCollapsed;
+             var isRTL = _mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl';
+             var scaleX = isRTL ? 0 : 1;
+             var xMarginProperty = isRTL ? 'margin-right' : 'margin-left';
+             sidebarWidth = selection.node().getBoundingClientRect().width; // switch from % to px
 
-                   } else if (datum instanceof osmNote) {
-                       if (context.mode().id === 'drag-note') return;
-                       _wasNote = true;
+             selection.style('width', sidebarWidth + 'px');
+             var startMargin, endMargin, lastMargin;
 
-                       var osm = services.osm;
-                       if (osm) {
-                           datum = osm.getNote(datum.id);   // marker may contain stale data - get latest
-                       }
+             if (isCollapsing) {
+               startMargin = lastMargin = 0;
+               endMargin = -sidebarWidth;
+             } else {
+               startMargin = lastMargin = -sidebarWidth;
+               endMargin = 0;
+             }
 
-                       sidebar
-                           .show(noteEditor.note(datum));
+             if (!isCollapsing) {
+               // unhide the sidebar's content before it transitions onscreen
+               selection.classed('collapsed', isCollapsing);
+             }
 
-                       selection.selectAll('.sidebar-component')
-                           .classed('inspector-hover', true);
+             selection.transition().style(xMarginProperty, endMargin + 'px').tween('panner', function () {
+               var i = d3_interpolateNumber(startMargin, endMargin);
+               return function (t) {
+                 var dx = lastMargin - Math.round(i(t));
+                 lastMargin = lastMargin - dx;
+                 context.ui().onResize(moveMap ? undefined : [dx * scaleX, 0]);
+               };
+             }).on('end', function () {
+               if (isCollapsing) {
+                 // hide the sidebar's content after it transitions offscreen
+                 selection.classed('collapsed', isCollapsing);
+               } // switch back from px to %
 
-                   } else if (datum instanceof QAItem) {
-                       _wasQaItem = true;
 
-                       var errService = services[datum.service];
-                       if (errService) {
-                           // marker may contain stale data - get latest
-                           datum = errService.getError(datum.id);
-                       }
+               if (!isCollapsing) {
+                 var containerWidth = container.node().getBoundingClientRect().width;
+                 var widthPct = sidebarWidth / containerWidth * 100;
+                 selection.style(xMarginProperty, null).style('width', widthPct + '%');
+               }
+             });
+           }; // toggle the sidebar collapse when double-clicking the resizer
 
-                       // Currently only three possible services
-                       var errEditor;
-                       if (datum.service === 'keepRight') {
-                           errEditor = keepRightEditor;
-                       } else if (datum.service === 'osmose') {
-                           errEditor = osmoseEditor;
-                       } else {
-                           errEditor = improveOsmEditor;
-                       }
 
-                       context.container().selectAll('.qaItem.' + datum.service)
-                           .classed('hover', function(d) { return d.id === datum.id; });
+           resizer.on('dblclick', function (d3_event) {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
 
-                       sidebar
-                           .show(errEditor.error(datum));
+             if (d3_event.sourceEvent) {
+               d3_event.sourceEvent.preventDefault();
+             }
 
-                       selection.selectAll('.sidebar-component')
-                           .classed('inspector-hover', true);
+             sidebar.toggle();
+           }); // ensure hover sidebar is closed when zooming out beyond editable zoom
 
-                   } else if (!_current && (datum instanceof osmEntity)) {
-                       featureListWrap
-                           .classed('inspector-hidden', true);
+           context.map().on('crossEditableZoom.sidebar', function (within) {
+             if (!within && !selection.select('.inspector-hover').empty()) {
+               hover([]);
+             }
+           });
+         }
 
-                       inspectorWrap
-                           .classed('inspector-hidden', false)
-                           .classed('inspector-hover', true);
+         sidebar.showPresetList = function () {};
 
-                       if (!inspector.entityIDs() || !utilArrayIdentical(inspector.entityIDs(), [datum.id]) || inspector.state() !== 'hover') {
-                           inspector
-                               .state('hover')
-                               .entityIDs([datum.id])
-                               .newFeature(false);
+         sidebar.hover = function () {};
 
-                           inspectorWrap
-                               .call(inspector);
-                       }
+         sidebar.hover.cancel = function () {};
 
-                   } else if (!_current) {
-                       featureListWrap
-                           .classed('inspector-hidden', false);
-                       inspectorWrap
-                           .classed('inspector-hidden', true);
-                       inspector
-                           .state('hide');
-
-                   } else if (_wasData || _wasNote || _wasQaItem) {
-                       _wasNote = false;
-                       _wasData = false;
-                       _wasQaItem = false;
-                       context.container().selectAll('.note').classed('hover', false);
-                       context.container().selectAll('.qaItem').classed('hover', false);
-                       sidebar.hide();
-                   }
-               }
+         sidebar.intersects = function () {};
 
-               sidebar.hover = throttle(hover, 200);
+         sidebar.select = function () {};
 
+         sidebar.show = function () {};
 
-               sidebar.intersects = function(extent) {
-                   var rect = selection.node().getBoundingClientRect();
-                   return extent.intersects([
-                       context.projection.invert([0, rect.height]),
-                       context.projection.invert([rect.width, 0])
-                   ]);
-               };
+         sidebar.hide = function () {};
 
+         sidebar.expand = function () {};
 
-               sidebar.select = function(ids, newFeature) {
-                   sidebar.hide();
+         sidebar.collapse = function () {};
 
-                   if (ids && ids.length) {
+         sidebar.toggle = function () {};
 
-                       var entity = ids.length === 1 && context.entity(ids[0]);
-                       if (entity && newFeature && selection.classed('collapsed')) {
-                           // uncollapse the sidebar
-                           var extent = entity.extent(context.graph());
-                           sidebar.expand(sidebar.intersects(extent));
-                       }
+         return sidebar;
+       }
 
-                       featureListWrap
-                           .classed('inspector-hidden', true);
+       function uiSourceSwitch(context) {
+         var keys;
 
-                       inspectorWrap
-                           .classed('inspector-hidden', false)
-                           .classed('inspector-hover', false);
+         function click(d3_event) {
+           d3_event.preventDefault();
+           var osm = context.connection();
+           if (!osm) return;
+           if (context.inIntro()) return;
+           if (context.history().hasChanges() && !window.confirm(_t('source_switch.lose_changes'))) return;
+           var isLive = select(this).classed('live');
+           isLive = !isLive;
+           context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+           context.history().clearSaved(); // remove saved history
 
-                       if (!inspector.entityIDs() || !utilArrayIdentical(inspector.entityIDs(), ids) || inspector.state() !== 'select') {
-                           inspector
-                               .state('select')
-                               .entityIDs(ids)
-                               .newFeature(newFeature);
+           context.flush(); // remove stored data
 
-                           inspectorWrap
-                               .call(inspector);
-                       }
+           select(this).html(isLive ? _t.html('source_switch.live') : _t.html('source_switch.dev')).classed('live', isLive).classed('chip', isLive);
+           osm["switch"](isLive ? keys[0] : keys[1]); // switch connection (warning: dispatches 'change' event)
+         }
 
-                   } else {
-                       inspector
-                           .state('hide');
-                   }
-               };
+         var sourceSwitch = function sourceSwitch(selection) {
+           selection.append('a').attr('href', '#').html(_t.html('source_switch.live')).attr('class', 'live chip').on('click', click);
+         };
 
+         sourceSwitch.keys = function (_) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return keys;
+           keys = _;
+           return sourceSwitch;
+         };
 
-               sidebar.showPresetList = function() {
-                   inspector.showList();
-               };
+         return sourceSwitch;
+       }
 
+       function uiSpinner(context) {
+         var osm = context.connection();
+         return function (selection) {
+           var img = selection.append('img').attr('src', context.imagePath('loader-black.gif')).style('opacity', 0);
+
+           if (osm) {
+             osm.on('loading.spinner', function () {
+               img.transition().style('opacity', 1);
+             }).on('loaded.spinner', function () {
+               img.transition().style('opacity', 0);
+             });
+           }
+         };
+       }
 
-               sidebar.show = function(component, element) {
-                   featureListWrap
-                       .classed('inspector-hidden', true);
-                   inspectorWrap
-                       .classed('inspector-hidden', true);
+       function uiSplash(context) {
+         return function (selection) {
+           // Exception - if there are restorable changes, skip this splash screen.
+           // This is because we currently only support one `uiModal` at a time
+           //  and we need to show them `uiRestore`` instead of this one.
+           if (context.history().hasRestorableChanges()) return; // If user has not seen this version of the privacy policy, show the splash again.
 
-                   if (_current) _current.remove();
-                   _current = selection
-                       .append('div')
-                       .attr('class', 'sidebar-component')
-                       .call(component, element);
-               };
+           var updateMessage = '';
+           var sawPrivacyVersion = corePreferences('sawPrivacyVersion');
+           var showSplash = !corePreferences('sawSplash');
 
+           if (sawPrivacyVersion !== context.privacyVersion) {
+             updateMessage = _t('splash.privacy_update');
+             showSplash = true;
+           }
 
-               sidebar.hide = function() {
-                   featureListWrap
-                       .classed('inspector-hidden', false);
-                   inspectorWrap
-                       .classed('inspector-hidden', true);
+           if (!showSplash) return;
+           corePreferences('sawSplash', true);
+           corePreferences('sawPrivacyVersion', context.privacyVersion); // fetch intro graph data now, while user is looking at the splash screen
 
-                   if (_current) _current.remove();
-                   _current = null;
-               };
+           _mainFileFetcher.get('intro_graph');
+           var modalSelection = uiModal(selection);
+           modalSelection.select('.modal').attr('class', 'modal-splash modal');
+           var introModal = modalSelection.select('.content').append('div').attr('class', 'fillL');
+           introModal.append('div').attr('class', 'modal-section').append('h3').html(_t.html('splash.welcome'));
+           var modalSection = introModal.append('div').attr('class', 'modal-section');
+           modalSection.append('p').html(_t.html('splash.text', {
+             version: context.version,
+             website: '<a target="_blank" href="http://ideditor.blog/">ideditor.blog</a>',
+             github: '<a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/openstreetmap/iD">github.com</a>'
+           }));
+           modalSection.append('p').html(_t.html('splash.privacy', {
+             updateMessage: updateMessage,
+             privacyLink: '<a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/openstreetmap/iD/blob/release/PRIVACY.md">' + _t('splash.privacy_policy') + '</a>'
+           }));
+           var buttonWrap = introModal.append('div').attr('class', 'modal-actions');
+           var walkthrough = buttonWrap.append('button').attr('class', 'walkthrough').on('click', function () {
+             context.container().call(uiIntro(context));
+             modalSelection.close();
+           });
+           walkthrough.append('svg').attr('class', 'logo logo-walkthrough').append('use').attr('xlink:href', '#iD-logo-walkthrough');
+           walkthrough.append('div').html(_t.html('splash.walkthrough'));
+           var startEditing = buttonWrap.append('button').attr('class', 'start-editing').on('click', modalSelection.close);
+           startEditing.append('svg').attr('class', 'logo logo-features').append('use').attr('xlink:href', '#iD-logo-features');
+           startEditing.append('div').html(_t.html('splash.start'));
+           modalSelection.select('button.close').attr('class', 'hide');
+         };
+       }
 
+       function uiStatus(context) {
+         var osm = context.connection();
+         return function (selection) {
+           if (!osm) return;
 
-               sidebar.expand = function(moveMap) {
-                   if (selection.classed('collapsed')) {
-                       sidebar.toggle(moveMap);
-                   }
-               };
+           function update(err, apiStatus) {
+             selection.html('');
 
+             if (err) {
+               if (apiStatus === 'connectionSwitched') {
+                 // if the connection was just switched, we can't rely on
+                 // the status (we're getting the status of the previous api)
+                 return;
+               } else if (apiStatus === 'rateLimited') {
+                 selection.html(_t.html('osm_api_status.message.rateLimit')).append('a').attr('href', '#').attr('class', 'api-status-login').attr('target', '_blank').call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-out-link', 'inline')).append('span').html(_t.html('login')).on('click.login', function (d3_event) {
+                   d3_event.preventDefault();
+                   osm.authenticate();
+                 });
+               } else {
+                 // don't allow retrying too rapidly
+                 var throttledRetry = throttle(function () {
+                   // try loading the visible tiles
+                   context.loadTiles(context.projection); // manually reload the status too in case all visible tiles were already loaded
 
-               sidebar.collapse = function(moveMap) {
-                   if (!selection.classed('collapsed')) {
-                       sidebar.toggle(moveMap);
-                   }
-               };
+                   osm.reloadApiStatus();
+                 }, 2000); // eslint-disable-next-line no-warning-comments
+                 // TODO: nice messages for different error types
 
 
-               sidebar.toggle = function(moveMap) {
-                   var e = event;
-                   if (e && e.sourceEvent) {
-                       e.sourceEvent.preventDefault();
-                   } else if (e) {
-                       e.preventDefault();
-                   }
+                 selection.html(_t.html('osm_api_status.message.error') + ' ').append('a').attr('href', '#') // let the user manually retry their connection directly
+                 .html(_t.html('osm_api_status.retry')).on('click.retry', function (d3_event) {
+                   d3_event.preventDefault();
+                   throttledRetry();
+                 });
+               }
+             } else if (apiStatus === 'readonly') {
+               selection.html(_t.html('osm_api_status.message.readonly'));
+             } else if (apiStatus === 'offline') {
+               selection.html(_t.html('osm_api_status.message.offline'));
+             }
 
-                   // Don't allow sidebar to toggle when the user is in the walkthrough.
-                   if (context.inIntro()) return;
+             selection.attr('class', 'api-status ' + (err ? 'error' : apiStatus));
+           }
 
-                   var isCollapsed = selection.classed('collapsed');
-                   var isCollapsing = !isCollapsed;
-                   var isRTL = (_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl');
-                   var scaleX = isRTL ? 0 : 1;
-                   var xMarginProperty = isRTL ? 'margin-right' : 'margin-left';
+           osm.on('apiStatusChange.uiStatus', update); // reload the status periodically regardless of other factors
 
-                   sidebarWidth = selection.node().getBoundingClientRect().width;
+           window.setInterval(function () {
+             osm.reloadApiStatus();
+           }, 90000); // load the initial status in case no OSM data was loaded yet
 
-                   // switch from % to px
-                   selection.style('width', sidebarWidth + 'px');
+           osm.reloadApiStatus();
+         };
+       }
 
-                   var startMargin, endMargin, lastMargin;
-                   if (isCollapsing) {
-                       startMargin = lastMargin = 0;
-                       endMargin = -sidebarWidth;
-                   } else {
-                       startMargin = lastMargin = -sidebarWidth;
-                       endMargin = 0;
-                   }
+       function modeDrawArea(context, wayID, startGraph, button) {
+         var mode = {
+           button: button,
+           id: 'draw-area'
+         };
+         var behavior = behaviorDrawWay(context, wayID, mode, startGraph).on('rejectedSelfIntersection.modeDrawArea', function () {
+           context.ui().flash.iconName('#iD-icon-no').label(_t('self_intersection.error.areas'))();
+         });
+         mode.wayID = wayID;
 
-                   selection.transition()
-                       .style(xMarginProperty, endMargin + 'px')
-                       .tween('panner', function() {
-                           var i = d3_interpolateNumber(startMargin, endMargin);
-                           return function(t) {
-                               var dx = lastMargin - Math.round(i(t));
-                               lastMargin = lastMargin - dx;
-                               context.ui().onResize(moveMap ? undefined : [dx * scaleX, 0]);
-                           };
-                       })
-                       .on('end', function() {
-                           selection.classed('collapsed', isCollapsing);
-
-                           // switch back from px to %
-                           if (!isCollapsing) {
-                               var containerWidth = container.node().getBoundingClientRect().width;
-                               var widthPct = (sidebarWidth / containerWidth) * 100;
-                               selection
-                                   .style(xMarginProperty, null)
-                                   .style('width', widthPct + '%');
-                           }
-                       });
-               };
+         mode.enter = function () {
+           context.install(behavior);
+         };
 
-               // toggle the sidebar collapse when double-clicking the resizer
-               resizer.on('dblclick', sidebar.toggle);
+         mode.exit = function () {
+           context.uninstall(behavior);
+         };
 
-               // ensure hover sidebar is closed when zooming out beyond editable zoom
-               context.map().on('crossEditableZoom.sidebar', function(within) {
-                   if (!within && !selection.select('.inspector-hover').empty()) {
-                       hover([]);
-                   }
-               });
-           }
+         mode.selectedIDs = function () {
+           return [wayID];
+         };
 
-           sidebar.showPresetList = function() {};
-           sidebar.hover = function() {};
-           sidebar.hover.cancel = function() {};
-           sidebar.intersects = function() {};
-           sidebar.select = function() {};
-           sidebar.show = function() {};
-           sidebar.hide = function() {};
-           sidebar.expand = function() {};
-           sidebar.collapse = function() {};
-           sidebar.toggle = function() {};
+         mode.activeID = function () {
+           return behavior && behavior.activeID() || [];
+         };
 
-           return sidebar;
+         return mode;
        }
 
-       function uiSourceSwitch(context) {
-           var keys;
-
+       function modeAddArea(context, mode) {
+         mode.id = 'add-area';
+         var behavior = behaviorAddWay(context).on('start', start).on('startFromWay', startFromWay).on('startFromNode', startFromNode);
+         var defaultTags = {
+           area: 'yes'
+         };
+         if (mode.preset) defaultTags = mode.preset.setTags(defaultTags, 'area');
 
-           function click() {
-               event.preventDefault();
+         function actionClose(wayId) {
+           return function (graph) {
+             return graph.replace(graph.entity(wayId).close());
+           };
+         }
 
-               var osm = context.connection();
-               if (!osm) return;
+         function start(loc) {
+           var startGraph = context.graph();
+           var node = osmNode({
+             loc: loc
+           });
+           var way = osmWay({
+             tags: defaultTags
+           });
+           context.perform(actionAddEntity(node), actionAddEntity(way), actionAddVertex(way.id, node.id), actionClose(way.id));
+           context.enter(modeDrawArea(context, way.id, startGraph, mode.button));
+         }
 
-               if (context.inIntro()) return;
+         function startFromWay(loc, edge) {
+           var startGraph = context.graph();
+           var node = osmNode({
+             loc: loc
+           });
+           var way = osmWay({
+             tags: defaultTags
+           });
+           context.perform(actionAddEntity(node), actionAddEntity(way), actionAddVertex(way.id, node.id), actionClose(way.id), actionAddMidpoint({
+             loc: loc,
+             edge: edge
+           }, node));
+           context.enter(modeDrawArea(context, way.id, startGraph, mode.button));
+         }
 
-               if (context.history().hasChanges() &&
-                   !window.confirm(_t('source_switch.lose_changes'))) return;
+         function startFromNode(node) {
+           var startGraph = context.graph();
+           var way = osmWay({
+             tags: defaultTags
+           });
+           context.perform(actionAddEntity(way), actionAddVertex(way.id, node.id), actionClose(way.id));
+           context.enter(modeDrawArea(context, way.id, startGraph, mode.button));
+         }
 
-               var isLive = select(this)
-                   .classed('live');
+         mode.enter = function () {
+           context.install(behavior);
+         };
 
-               isLive = !isLive;
-               context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
-               context.history().clearSaved();          // remove saved history
-               context.flush();                         // remove stored data
+         mode.exit = function () {
+           context.uninstall(behavior);
+         };
 
-               select(this)
-                   .text(isLive ? _t('source_switch.live') : _t('source_switch.dev'))
-                   .classed('live', isLive)
-                   .classed('chip', isLive);
+         return mode;
+       }
 
-               osm.switch(isLive ? keys[0] : keys[1]);  // switch connection (warning: dispatches 'change' event)
-           }
+       function modeAddLine(context, mode) {
+         mode.id = 'add-line';
+         var behavior = behaviorAddWay(context).on('start', start).on('startFromWay', startFromWay).on('startFromNode', startFromNode);
+         var defaultTags = {};
+         if (mode.preset) defaultTags = mode.preset.setTags(defaultTags, 'line');
+
+         function start(loc) {
+           var startGraph = context.graph();
+           var node = osmNode({
+             loc: loc
+           });
+           var way = osmWay({
+             tags: defaultTags
+           });
+           context.perform(actionAddEntity(node), actionAddEntity(way), actionAddVertex(way.id, node.id));
+           context.enter(modeDrawLine(context, way.id, startGraph, mode.button));
+         }
 
-           var sourceSwitch = function(selection) {
-               selection
-                   .append('a')
-                   .attr('href', '#')
-                   .text(_t('source_switch.live'))
-                   .attr('class', 'live chip')
-                   .on('click', click);
-           };
+         function startFromWay(loc, edge) {
+           var startGraph = context.graph();
+           var node = osmNode({
+             loc: loc
+           });
+           var way = osmWay({
+             tags: defaultTags
+           });
+           context.perform(actionAddEntity(node), actionAddEntity(way), actionAddVertex(way.id, node.id), actionAddMidpoint({
+             loc: loc,
+             edge: edge
+           }, node));
+           context.enter(modeDrawLine(context, way.id, startGraph, mode.button));
+         }
 
+         function startFromNode(node) {
+           var startGraph = context.graph();
+           var way = osmWay({
+             tags: defaultTags
+           });
+           context.perform(actionAddEntity(way), actionAddVertex(way.id, node.id));
+           context.enter(modeDrawLine(context, way.id, startGraph, mode.button));
+         }
 
-           sourceSwitch.keys = function(_) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return keys;
-               keys = _;
-               return sourceSwitch;
-           };
+         mode.enter = function () {
+           context.install(behavior);
+         };
 
+         mode.exit = function () {
+           context.uninstall(behavior);
+         };
 
-           return sourceSwitch;
+         return mode;
        }
 
-       function uiSpinner(context) {
-           var osm = context.connection();
+       function modeAddPoint(context, mode) {
+         mode.id = 'add-point';
+         var behavior = behaviorDraw(context).on('click', add).on('clickWay', addWay).on('clickNode', addNode).on('cancel', cancel).on('finish', cancel);
+         var defaultTags = {};
+         if (mode.preset) defaultTags = mode.preset.setTags(defaultTags, 'point');
+
+         function add(loc) {
+           var node = osmNode({
+             loc: loc,
+             tags: defaultTags
+           });
+           context.perform(actionAddEntity(node), _t('operations.add.annotation.point'));
+           enterSelectMode(node);
+         }
 
+         function addWay(loc, edge) {
+           var node = osmNode({
+             tags: defaultTags
+           });
+           context.perform(actionAddMidpoint({
+             loc: loc,
+             edge: edge
+           }, node), _t('operations.add.annotation.vertex'));
+           enterSelectMode(node);
+         }
 
-           return function(selection) {
-               var img = selection
-                   .append('img')
-                   .attr('src', context.imagePath('loader-black.gif'))
-                   .style('opacity', 0);
+         function enterSelectMode(node) {
+           context.enter(modeSelect(context, [node.id]).newFeature(true));
+         }
 
-               if (osm) {
-                   osm
-                       .on('loading.spinner', function() {
-                           img.transition()
-                               .style('opacity', 1);
-                       })
-                       .on('loaded.spinner', function() {
-                           img.transition()
-                               .style('opacity', 0);
-                       });
-               }
-           };
-       }
+         function addNode(node) {
+           if (Object.keys(defaultTags).length === 0) {
+             enterSelectMode(node);
+             return;
+           }
 
-       function uiSplash(context) {
-         return (selection) => {
-           // Exception - if there are restorable changes, skip this splash screen.
-           // This is because we currently only support one `uiModal` at a time
-           //  and we need to show them `uiRestore`` instead of this one.
-           if (context.history().hasRestorableChanges()) return;
+           var tags = Object.assign({}, node.tags); // shallow copy
 
-           // If user has not seen this version of the privacy policy, show the splash again.
-           let updateMessage = '';
-           const sawPrivacyVersion = corePreferences('sawPrivacyVersion');
-           let showSplash = !corePreferences('sawSplash');
-           if (sawPrivacyVersion !== context.privacyVersion) {
-             updateMessage = _t('splash.privacy_update');
-             showSplash = true;
+           for (var key in defaultTags) {
+             tags[key] = defaultTags[key];
            }
 
-           if (!showSplash) return;
+           context.perform(actionChangeTags(node.id, tags), _t('operations.add.annotation.point'));
+           enterSelectMode(node);
+         }
 
-           corePreferences('sawSplash', true);
-           corePreferences('sawPrivacyVersion', context.privacyVersion);
+         function cancel() {
+           context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+         }
 
-           // fetch intro graph data now, while user is looking at the splash screen
-           _mainFileFetcher.get('intro_graph');
+         mode.enter = function () {
+           context.install(behavior);
+         };
 
-           let modalSelection = uiModal(selection);
+         mode.exit = function () {
+           context.uninstall(behavior);
+         };
 
-           modalSelection.select('.modal')
-             .attr('class', 'modal-splash modal');
+         return mode;
+       }
 
-           let introModal = modalSelection.select('.content')
-             .append('div')
-             .attr('class', 'fillL');
+       function modeSelectNote(context, selectedNoteID) {
+         var mode = {
+           id: 'select-note',
+           button: 'browse'
+         };
 
-           introModal
-             .append('div')
-             .attr('class','modal-section')
-             .append('h3')
-             .text(_t('splash.welcome'));
+         var _keybinding = utilKeybinding('select-note');
 
-           let modalSection = introModal
-             .append('div')
-             .attr('class','modal-section');
+         var _noteEditor = uiNoteEditor(context).on('change', function () {
+           context.map().pan([0, 0]); // trigger a redraw
 
-           modalSection
-             .append('p')
-             .html(_t('splash.text', {
-               version: context.version,
-               website: '<a target="_blank" href="http://ideditor.blog/">ideditor.blog</a>',
-               github: '<a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/openstreetmap/iD">github.com</a>'
-             }));
+           var note = checkSelectedID();
+           if (!note) return;
+           context.ui().sidebar.show(_noteEditor.note(note));
+         });
 
-           modalSection
-             .append('p')
-             .html(_t('splash.privacy', {
-               updateMessage: updateMessage,
-               privacyLink: '<a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/openstreetmap/iD/blob/release/PRIVACY.md">' +
-                 _t('splash.privacy_policy') + '</a>'
-             }));
+         var _behaviors = [behaviorBreathe(), behaviorHover(context), behaviorSelect(context), behaviorLasso(context), modeDragNode(context).behavior, modeDragNote(context).behavior];
+         var _newFeature = false;
 
-           let buttonWrap = introModal
-             .append('div')
-             .attr('class', 'modal-actions');
+         function checkSelectedID() {
+           if (!services.osm) return;
+           var note = services.osm.getNote(selectedNoteID);
 
-           let walkthrough = buttonWrap
-             .append('button')
-             .attr('class', 'walkthrough')
-             .on('click', () => {
-               context.container().call(uiIntro(context));
-               modalSelection.close();
-             });
+           if (!note) {
+             context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+           }
 
-           walkthrough
-             .append('svg')
-             .attr('class', 'logo logo-walkthrough')
-             .append('use')
-             .attr('xlink:href', '#iD-logo-walkthrough');
+           return note;
+         } // class the note as selected, or return to browse mode if the note is gone
 
-           walkthrough
-             .append('div')
-             .text(_t('splash.walkthrough'));
 
-           let startEditing = buttonWrap
-             .append('button')
-             .attr('class', 'start-editing')
-             .on('click', modalSelection.close);
+         function selectNote(d3_event, drawn) {
+           if (!checkSelectedID()) return;
+           var selection = context.surface().selectAll('.layer-notes .note-' + selectedNoteID);
 
-           startEditing
-             .append('svg')
-             .attr('class', 'logo logo-features')
-             .append('use')
-             .attr('xlink:href', '#iD-logo-features');
+           if (selection.empty()) {
+             // Return to browse mode if selected DOM elements have
+             // disappeared because the user moved them out of view..
+             var source = d3_event && d3_event.type === 'zoom' && d3_event.sourceEvent;
 
-           startEditing
-             .append('div')
-             .text(_t('splash.start'));
+             if (drawn && source && (source.type === 'pointermove' || source.type === 'mousemove' || source.type === 'touchmove')) {
+               context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+             }
+           } else {
+             selection.classed('selected', true);
+             context.selectedNoteID(selectedNoteID);
+           }
+         }
 
-           modalSelection.select('button.close')
-             .attr('class','hide');
-         };
-       }
+         function esc() {
+           if (context.container().select('.combobox').size()) return;
+           context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+         }
 
-       function uiStatus(context) {
-           var osm = context.connection();
+         mode.zoomToSelected = function () {
+           if (!services.osm) return;
+           var note = services.osm.getNote(selectedNoteID);
 
+           if (note) {
+             context.map().centerZoomEase(note.loc, 20);
+           }
+         };
 
-           return function(selection) {
-               if (!osm) return;
+         mode.newFeature = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _newFeature;
+           _newFeature = val;
+           return mode;
+         };
 
-               function update(err, apiStatus) {
-                   selection.html('');
+         mode.enter = function () {
+           var note = checkSelectedID();
+           if (!note) return;
 
-                   if (err) {
-                       if (apiStatus === 'connectionSwitched') {
-                           // if the connection was just switched, we can't rely on
-                           // the status (we're getting the status of the previous api)
-                           return;
-
-                       } else if (apiStatus === 'rateLimited') {
-                           selection
-                               .text(_t('osm_api_status.message.rateLimit'))
-                               .append('a')
-                               .attr('class', 'api-status-login')
-                               .attr('target', '_blank')
-                               .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-out-link', 'inline'))
-                               .append('span')
-                               .text(_t('login'))
-                               .on('click.login', function() {
-                                   event.preventDefault();
-                                   osm.authenticate();
-                               });
-                       } else {
+           _behaviors.forEach(context.install);
 
-                           // don't allow retrying too rapidly
-                           var throttledRetry = throttle(function() {
-                               // try loading the visible tiles
-                               context.loadTiles(context.projection);
-                               // manually reload the status too in case all visible tiles were already loaded
-                               osm.reloadApiStatus();
-                           }, 2000);
-
-                           // eslint-disable-next-line no-warning-comments
-                           // TODO: nice messages for different error types
-                           selection
-                               .text(_t('osm_api_status.message.error') + ' ')
-                               .append('a')
-                               // let the user manually retry their connection directly
-                               .text(_t('osm_api_status.retry'))
-                               .on('click.retry', function() {
-                                   event.preventDefault();
-                                   throttledRetry();
-                               });
-                       }
+           _keybinding.on(_t('inspector.zoom_to.key'), mode.zoomToSelected).on('⎋', esc, true);
 
-                   } else if (apiStatus === 'readonly') {
-                       selection.text(_t('osm_api_status.message.readonly'));
-                   } else if (apiStatus === 'offline') {
-                       selection.text(_t('osm_api_status.message.offline'));
-                   }
+           select(document).call(_keybinding);
+           selectNote();
+           var sidebar = context.ui().sidebar;
+           sidebar.show(_noteEditor.note(note).newNote(_newFeature)); // expand the sidebar, avoid obscuring the note if needed
 
-                   selection.attr('class', 'api-status ' + (err ? 'error' : apiStatus));
-               }
+           sidebar.expand(sidebar.intersects(note.extent()));
+           context.map().on('drawn.select', selectNote);
+         };
 
-               osm.on('apiStatusChange.uiStatus', update);
+         mode.exit = function () {
+           _behaviors.forEach(context.uninstall);
 
-               // reload the status periodically regardless of other factors
-               window.setInterval(function() {
-                   osm.reloadApiStatus();
-               }, 90000);
+           select(document).call(_keybinding.unbind);
+           context.surface().selectAll('.layer-notes .selected').classed('selected hover', false);
+           context.map().on('drawn.select', null);
+           context.ui().sidebar.hide();
+           context.selectedNoteID(null);
+         };
 
-               // load the initial status in case no OSM data was loaded yet
-               osm.reloadApiStatus();
-           };
+         return mode;
        }
 
-       function modeDrawArea(context, wayID, startGraph, button) {
-           var mode = {
-               button: button,
-               id: 'draw-area'
-           };
-
-           var behavior = behaviorDrawWay(context, wayID, mode, startGraph)
-               .on('rejectedSelfIntersection.modeDrawArea', function() {
-                   context.ui().flash
-                       .text(_t('self_intersection.error.areas'))();
-               });
+       function modeAddNote(context) {
+         var mode = {
+           id: 'add-note',
+           button: 'note',
+           description: _t.html('modes.add_note.description'),
+           key: _t('modes.add_note.key')
+         };
+         var behavior = behaviorDraw(context).on('click', add).on('cancel', cancel).on('finish', cancel);
 
-           mode.wayID = wayID;
+         function add(loc) {
+           var osm = services.osm;
+           if (!osm) return;
+           var note = osmNote({
+             loc: loc,
+             status: 'open',
+             comments: []
+           });
+           osm.replaceNote(note); // force a reraw (there is no history change that would otherwise do this)
 
-           mode.enter = function() {
-               context.install(behavior);
-           };
+           context.map().pan([0, 0]);
+           context.selectedNoteID(note.id).enter(modeSelectNote(context, note.id).newFeature(true));
+         }
 
-           mode.exit = function() {
-               context.uninstall(behavior);
-           };
+         function cancel() {
+           context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+         }
 
-           mode.selectedIDs = function() {
-               return [wayID];
-           };
+         mode.enter = function () {
+           context.install(behavior);
+         };
 
-           mode.activeID = function() {
-               return (behavior && behavior.activeID()) || [];
-           };
+         mode.exit = function () {
+           context.uninstall(behavior);
+         };
 
-           return mode;
+         return mode;
        }
 
-       function modeAddArea(context, mode) {
-           mode.id = 'add-area';
+       var JXON = new function () {
+         var sValueProp = 'keyValue',
+             sAttributesProp = 'keyAttributes',
+             sAttrPref = '@',
+
+         /* you can customize these values */
+         aCache = [],
+             rIsNull = /^\s*$/,
+             rIsBool = /^(?:true|false)$/i;
 
-           var behavior = behaviorAddWay(context)
-               .on('start', start)
-               .on('startFromWay', startFromWay)
-               .on('startFromNode', startFromNode);
+         function parseText(sValue) {
+           if (rIsNull.test(sValue)) {
+             return null;
+           }
 
-           var defaultTags = { area: 'yes' };
-           if (mode.preset) defaultTags = mode.preset.setTags(defaultTags, 'area');
+           if (rIsBool.test(sValue)) {
+             return sValue.toLowerCase() === 'true';
+           }
 
+           if (isFinite(sValue)) {
+             return parseFloat(sValue);
+           }
 
-           function actionClose(wayId) {
-               return function (graph) {
-                   return graph.replace(graph.entity(wayId).close());
-               };
+           if (isFinite(Date.parse(sValue))) {
+             return new Date(sValue);
            }
 
+           return sValue;
+         }
 
-           function start(loc) {
-               var startGraph = context.graph();
-               var node = osmNode({ loc: loc });
-               var way = osmWay({ tags: defaultTags });
+         function EmptyTree() {}
 
-               context.perform(
-                   actionAddEntity(node),
-                   actionAddEntity(way),
-                   actionAddVertex(way.id, node.id),
-                   actionClose(way.id)
-               );
+         EmptyTree.prototype.toString = function () {
+           return 'null';
+         };
 
-               context.enter(modeDrawArea(context, way.id, startGraph, mode.button));
-           }
+         EmptyTree.prototype.valueOf = function () {
+           return null;
+         };
 
+         function objectify(vValue) {
+           return vValue === null ? new EmptyTree() : vValue instanceof Object ? vValue : new vValue.constructor(vValue);
+         }
 
-           function startFromWay(loc, edge) {
-               var startGraph = context.graph();
-               var node = osmNode({ loc: loc });
-               var way = osmWay({ tags: defaultTags });
+         function createObjTree(oParentNode, nVerb, bFreeze, bNesteAttr) {
+           var nLevelStart = aCache.length,
+               bChildren = oParentNode.hasChildNodes(),
+               bAttributes = oParentNode.hasAttributes(),
+               bHighVerb = Boolean(nVerb & 2);
+           var sProp,
+               vContent,
+               nLength = 0,
+               sCollectedTxt = '',
+               vResult = bHighVerb ? {} :
+           /* put here the default value for empty nodes: */
+           true;
 
-               context.perform(
-                   actionAddEntity(node),
-                   actionAddEntity(way),
-                   actionAddVertex(way.id, node.id),
-                   actionClose(way.id),
-                   actionAddMidpoint({ loc: loc, edge: edge }, node)
-               );
+           if (bChildren) {
+             for (var oNode, nItem = 0; nItem < oParentNode.childNodes.length; nItem++) {
+               oNode = oParentNode.childNodes.item(nItem);
 
-               context.enter(modeDrawArea(context, way.id, startGraph, mode.button));
+               if (oNode.nodeType === 4) {
+                 /* nodeType is 'CDATASection' (4) */
+                 sCollectedTxt += oNode.nodeValue;
+               } else if (oNode.nodeType === 3) {
+                 /* nodeType is 'Text' (3) */
+                 sCollectedTxt += oNode.nodeValue.trim();
+               } else if (oNode.nodeType === 1 && !oNode.prefix) {
+                 /* nodeType is 'Element' (1) */
+                 aCache.push(oNode);
+               }
+             }
            }
 
+           var nLevelEnd = aCache.length,
+               vBuiltVal = parseText(sCollectedTxt);
 
-           function startFromNode(node) {
-               var startGraph = context.graph();
-               var way = osmWay({ tags: defaultTags });
+           if (!bHighVerb && (bChildren || bAttributes)) {
+             vResult = nVerb === 0 ? objectify(vBuiltVal) : {};
+           }
 
-               context.perform(
-                   actionAddEntity(way),
-                   actionAddVertex(way.id, node.id),
-                   actionClose(way.id)
-               );
+           for (var nElId = nLevelStart; nElId < nLevelEnd; nElId++) {
+             sProp = aCache[nElId].nodeName.toLowerCase();
+             vContent = createObjTree(aCache[nElId], nVerb, bFreeze, bNesteAttr);
+
+             if (vResult.hasOwnProperty(sProp)) {
+               if (vResult[sProp].constructor !== Array) {
+                 vResult[sProp] = [vResult[sProp]];
+               }
 
-               context.enter(modeDrawArea(context, way.id, startGraph, mode.button));
+               vResult[sProp].push(vContent);
+             } else {
+               vResult[sProp] = vContent;
+               nLength++;
+             }
            }
 
+           if (bAttributes) {
+             var nAttrLen = oParentNode.attributes.length,
+                 sAPrefix = bNesteAttr ? '' : sAttrPref,
+                 oAttrParent = bNesteAttr ? {} : vResult;
 
-           mode.enter = function() {
-               context.install(behavior);
-           };
+             for (var oAttrib, nAttrib = 0; nAttrib < nAttrLen; nLength++, nAttrib++) {
+               oAttrib = oParentNode.attributes.item(nAttrib);
+               oAttrParent[sAPrefix + oAttrib.name.toLowerCase()] = parseText(oAttrib.value.trim());
+             }
 
+             if (bNesteAttr) {
+               if (bFreeze) {
+                 Object.freeze(oAttrParent);
+               }
 
-           mode.exit = function() {
-               context.uninstall(behavior);
-           };
+               vResult[sAttributesProp] = oAttrParent;
+               nLength -= nAttrLen - 1;
+             }
+           }
 
+           if (nVerb === 3 || (nVerb === 2 || nVerb === 1 && nLength > 0) && sCollectedTxt) {
+             vResult[sValueProp] = vBuiltVal;
+           } else if (!bHighVerb && nLength === 0 && sCollectedTxt) {
+             vResult = vBuiltVal;
+           }
 
-           return mode;
-       }
+           if (bFreeze && (bHighVerb || nLength > 0)) {
+             Object.freeze(vResult);
+           }
 
-       function modeAddLine(context, mode) {
-           mode.id = 'add-line';
+           aCache.length = nLevelStart;
+           return vResult;
+         }
 
-           var behavior = behaviorAddWay(context)
-               .on('start', start)
-               .on('startFromWay', startFromWay)
-               .on('startFromNode', startFromNode);
+         function loadObjTree(oXMLDoc, oParentEl, oParentObj) {
+           var vValue, oChild;
 
-           var defaultTags = {};
-           if (mode.preset) defaultTags = mode.preset.setTags(defaultTags, 'line');
+           if (oParentObj instanceof String || oParentObj instanceof Number || oParentObj instanceof Boolean) {
+             oParentEl.appendChild(oXMLDoc.createTextNode(oParentObj.toString()));
+             /* verbosity level is 0 */
+           } else if (oParentObj.constructor === Date) {
+             oParentEl.appendChild(oXMLDoc.createTextNode(oParentObj.toGMTString()));
+           }
 
+           for (var sName in oParentObj) {
+             vValue = oParentObj[sName];
 
-           function start(loc) {
-               var startGraph = context.graph();
-               var node = osmNode({ loc: loc });
-               var way = osmWay({ tags: defaultTags });
+             if (isFinite(sName) || vValue instanceof Function) {
+               continue;
+             }
+             /* verbosity level is 0 */
 
-               context.perform(
-                   actionAddEntity(node),
-                   actionAddEntity(way),
-                   actionAddVertex(way.id, node.id)
-               );
 
-               context.enter(modeDrawLine(context, way.id, startGraph, mode.button));
-           }
+             if (sName === sValueProp) {
+               if (vValue !== null && vValue !== true) {
+                 oParentEl.appendChild(oXMLDoc.createTextNode(vValue.constructor === Date ? vValue.toGMTString() : String(vValue)));
+               }
+             } else if (sName === sAttributesProp) {
+               /* verbosity level is 3 */
+               for (var sAttrib in vValue) {
+                 oParentEl.setAttribute(sAttrib, vValue[sAttrib]);
+               }
+             } else if (sName.charAt(0) === sAttrPref) {
+               oParentEl.setAttribute(sName.slice(1), vValue);
+             } else if (vValue.constructor === Array) {
+               for (var nItem = 0; nItem < vValue.length; nItem++) {
+                 oChild = oXMLDoc.createElement(sName);
+                 loadObjTree(oXMLDoc, oChild, vValue[nItem]);
+                 oParentEl.appendChild(oChild);
+               }
+             } else {
+               oChild = oXMLDoc.createElement(sName);
 
+               if (vValue instanceof Object) {
+                 loadObjTree(oXMLDoc, oChild, vValue);
+               } else if (vValue !== null && vValue !== true) {
+                 oChild.appendChild(oXMLDoc.createTextNode(vValue.toString()));
+               }
 
-           function startFromWay(loc, edge) {
-               var startGraph = context.graph();
-               var node = osmNode({ loc: loc });
-               var way = osmWay({ tags: defaultTags });
+               oParentEl.appendChild(oChild);
+             }
+           }
+         }
 
-               context.perform(
-                   actionAddEntity(node),
-                   actionAddEntity(way),
-                   actionAddVertex(way.id, node.id),
-                   actionAddMidpoint({ loc: loc, edge: edge }, node)
-               );
+         this.build = function (oXMLParent, nVerbosity
+         /* optional */
+         , bFreeze
+         /* optional */
+         , bNesteAttributes
+         /* optional */
+         ) {
+           var _nVerb = arguments.length > 1 && typeof nVerbosity === 'number' ? nVerbosity & 3 :
+           /* put here the default verbosity level: */
+           1;
 
-               context.enter(modeDrawLine(context, way.id, startGraph, mode.button));
-           }
+           return createObjTree(oXMLParent, _nVerb, bFreeze || false, arguments.length > 3 ? bNesteAttributes : _nVerb === 3);
+         };
 
+         this.unbuild = function (oObjTree) {
+           var oNewDoc = document.implementation.createDocument('', '', null);
+           loadObjTree(oNewDoc, oNewDoc, oObjTree);
+           return oNewDoc;
+         };
 
-           function startFromNode(node) {
-               var startGraph = context.graph();
-               var way = osmWay({ tags: defaultTags });
+         this.stringify = function (oObjTree) {
+           return new XMLSerializer().serializeToString(JXON.unbuild(oObjTree));
+         };
+       }(); // var myObject = JXON.build(doc);
+       // we got our javascript object! try: alert(JSON.stringify(myObject));
+       // var newDoc = JXON.unbuild(myObject);
+       // we got our Document instance! try: alert((new XMLSerializer()).serializeToString(newDoc));
 
-               context.perform(
-                   actionAddEntity(way),
-                   actionAddVertex(way.id, node.id)
-               );
+       function uiConflicts(context) {
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('cancel', 'save');
+         var keybinding = utilKeybinding('conflicts');
 
-               context.enter(modeDrawLine(context, way.id, startGraph, mode.button));
-           }
+         var _origChanges;
 
+         var _conflictList;
 
-           mode.enter = function() {
-               context.install(behavior);
-           };
+         var _shownConflictIndex;
 
+         function keybindingOn() {
+           select(document).call(keybinding.on('⎋', cancel, true));
+         }
 
-           mode.exit = function() {
-               context.uninstall(behavior);
-           };
+         function keybindingOff() {
+           select(document).call(keybinding.unbind);
+         }
 
-           return mode;
-       }
+         function tryAgain() {
+           keybindingOff();
+           dispatch.call('save');
+         }
 
-       function modeAddPoint(context, mode) {
+         function cancel() {
+           keybindingOff();
+           dispatch.call('cancel');
+         }
 
-           mode.id = 'add-point';
+         function conflicts(selection) {
+           keybindingOn();
+           var headerEnter = selection.selectAll('.header').data([0]).enter().append('div').attr('class', 'header fillL');
+           headerEnter.append('button').attr('class', 'fr').on('click', cancel).call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-close'));
+           headerEnter.append('h3').html(_t.html('save.conflict.header'));
+           var bodyEnter = selection.selectAll('.body').data([0]).enter().append('div').attr('class', 'body fillL');
+           var conflictsHelpEnter = bodyEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'conflicts-help').html(_t.html('save.conflict.help')); // Download changes link
 
-           var behavior = behaviorDraw(context)
-               .on('click', add)
-               .on('clickWay', addWay)
-               .on('clickNode', addNode)
-               .on('cancel', cancel)
-               .on('finish', cancel);
+           var detected = utilDetect();
+           var changeset = new osmChangeset();
+           delete changeset.id; // Export without changeset_id
 
-           var defaultTags = {};
-           if (mode.preset) defaultTags = mode.preset.setTags(defaultTags, 'point');
+           var data = JXON.stringify(changeset.osmChangeJXON(_origChanges));
+           var blob = new Blob([data], {
+             type: 'text/xml;charset=utf-8;'
+           });
+           var fileName = 'changes.osc';
+           var linkEnter = conflictsHelpEnter.selectAll('.download-changes').append('a').attr('class', 'download-changes');
 
+           if (detected.download) {
+             // All except IE11 and Edge
+             linkEnter // download the data as a file
+             .attr('href', window.URL.createObjectURL(blob)).attr('download', fileName);
+           } else {
+             // IE11 and Edge
+             linkEnter // open data uri in a new tab
+             .attr('target', '_blank').on('click.download', function () {
+               navigator.msSaveBlob(blob, fileName);
+             });
+           }
 
-           function add(loc) {
-               var node = osmNode({ loc: loc, tags: defaultTags });
+           linkEnter.call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-load', 'inline')).append('span').html(_t.html('save.conflict.download_changes'));
+           bodyEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'conflict-container fillL3').call(showConflict, 0);
+           bodyEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'conflicts-done').attr('opacity', 0).style('display', 'none').html(_t.html('save.conflict.done'));
+           var buttonsEnter = bodyEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'buttons col12 joined conflicts-buttons');
+           buttonsEnter.append('button').attr('disabled', _conflictList.length > 1).attr('class', 'action conflicts-button col6').html(_t.html('save.title')).on('click.try_again', tryAgain);
+           buttonsEnter.append('button').attr('class', 'secondary-action conflicts-button col6').html(_t.html('confirm.cancel')).on('click.cancel', cancel);
+         }
+
+         function showConflict(selection, index) {
+           index = utilWrap(index, _conflictList.length);
+           _shownConflictIndex = index;
+           var parent = select(selection.node().parentNode); // enable save button if this is the last conflict being reviewed..
+
+           if (index === _conflictList.length - 1) {
+             window.setTimeout(function () {
+               parent.select('.conflicts-button').attr('disabled', null);
+               parent.select('.conflicts-done').transition().attr('opacity', 1).style('display', 'block');
+             }, 250);
+           }
+
+           var conflict = selection.selectAll('.conflict').data([_conflictList[index]]);
+           conflict.exit().remove();
+           var conflictEnter = conflict.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'conflict');
+           conflictEnter.append('h4').attr('class', 'conflict-count').html(_t.html('save.conflict.count', {
+             num: index + 1,
+             total: _conflictList.length
+           }));
+           conflictEnter.append('a').attr('class', 'conflict-description').attr('href', '#').html(function (d) {
+             return d.name;
+           }).on('click', function (d3_event, d) {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             zoomToEntity(d.id);
+           });
+           var details = conflictEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'conflict-detail-container');
+           details.append('ul').attr('class', 'conflict-detail-list').selectAll('li').data(function (d) {
+             return d.details || [];
+           }).enter().append('li').attr('class', 'conflict-detail-item').html(function (d) {
+             return d;
+           });
+           details.append('div').attr('class', 'conflict-choices').call(addChoices);
+           details.append('div').attr('class', 'conflict-nav-buttons joined cf').selectAll('button').data(['previous', 'next']).enter().append('button').html(function (d) {
+             return _t.html('save.conflict.' + d);
+           }).attr('class', 'conflict-nav-button action col6').attr('disabled', function (d, i) {
+             return i === 0 && index === 0 || i === 1 && index === _conflictList.length - 1 || null;
+           }).on('click', function (d3_event, d) {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             var container = parent.selectAll('.conflict-container');
+             var sign = d === 'previous' ? -1 : 1;
+             container.selectAll('.conflict').remove();
+             container.call(showConflict, index + sign);
+           });
+         }
 
-               context.perform(
-                   actionAddEntity(node),
-                   _t('operations.add.annotation.point')
-               );
+         function addChoices(selection) {
+           var choices = selection.append('ul').attr('class', 'layer-list').selectAll('li').data(function (d) {
+             return d.choices || [];
+           }); // enter
 
-               enterSelectMode(node);
-           }
+           var choicesEnter = choices.enter().append('li').attr('class', 'layer');
+           var labelEnter = choicesEnter.append('label');
+           labelEnter.append('input').attr('type', 'radio').attr('name', function (d) {
+             return d.id;
+           }).on('change', function (d3_event, d) {
+             var ul = this.parentNode.parentNode.parentNode;
+             ul.__data__.chosen = d.id;
+             choose(d3_event, ul, d);
+           });
+           labelEnter.append('span').html(function (d) {
+             return d.text;
+           }); // update
 
+           choicesEnter.merge(choices).each(function (d) {
+             var ul = this.parentNode;
 
-           function addWay(loc, edge) {
-               var node = osmNode({ tags: defaultTags });
+             if (ul.__data__.chosen === d.id) {
+               choose(null, ul, d);
+             }
+           });
+         }
 
-               context.perform(
-                   actionAddMidpoint({loc: loc, edge: edge}, node),
-                   _t('operations.add.annotation.vertex')
-               );
+         function choose(d3_event, ul, datum) {
+           if (d3_event) d3_event.preventDefault();
+           select(ul).selectAll('li').classed('active', function (d) {
+             return d === datum;
+           }).selectAll('input').property('checked', function (d) {
+             return d === datum;
+           });
+           var extent = geoExtent();
+           var entity;
+           entity = context.graph().hasEntity(datum.id);
+           if (entity) extent._extend(entity.extent(context.graph()));
+           datum.action();
+           entity = context.graph().hasEntity(datum.id);
+           if (entity) extent._extend(entity.extent(context.graph()));
+           zoomToEntity(datum.id, extent);
+         }
+
+         function zoomToEntity(id, extent) {
+           context.surface().selectAll('.hover').classed('hover', false);
+           var entity = context.graph().hasEntity(id);
+
+           if (entity) {
+             if (extent) {
+               context.map().trimmedExtent(extent);
+             } else {
+               context.map().zoomToEase(entity);
+             }
 
-               enterSelectMode(node);
+             context.surface().selectAll(utilEntityOrMemberSelector([entity.id], context.graph())).classed('hover', true);
            }
+         } // The conflict list should be an array of objects like:
+         // {
+         //     id: id,
+         //     name: entityName(local),
+         //     details: merge.conflicts(),
+         //     chosen: 1,
+         //     choices: [
+         //         choice(id, keepMine, forceLocal),
+         //         choice(id, keepTheirs, forceRemote)
+         //     ]
+         // }
 
-           function enterSelectMode(node) {
-               context.enter(
-                   modeSelect(context, [node.id]).newFeature(true)
-               );
-           }
 
+         conflicts.conflictList = function (_) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _conflictList;
+           _conflictList = _;
+           return conflicts;
+         };
 
-           function addNode(node) {
-               if (Object.keys(defaultTags).length === 0) {
-                   enterSelectMode(node);
-                   return;
-               }
+         conflicts.origChanges = function (_) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _origChanges;
+           _origChanges = _;
+           return conflicts;
+         };
 
-               var tags = Object.assign({}, node.tags);  // shallow copy
-               for (var key in defaultTags) {
-                   tags[key] = defaultTags[key];
-               }
+         conflicts.shownEntityIds = function () {
+           if (_conflictList && typeof _shownConflictIndex === 'number') {
+             return [_conflictList[_shownConflictIndex].id];
+           }
 
-               context.perform(
-                   actionChangeTags(node.id, tags),
-                   _t('operations.add.annotation.point')
-               );
+           return [];
+         };
 
-               enterSelectMode(node);
-           }
+         return utilRebind(conflicts, dispatch, 'on');
+       }
 
+       function uiConfirm(selection) {
+         var modalSelection = uiModal(selection);
+         modalSelection.select('.modal').classed('modal-alert', true);
+         var section = modalSelection.select('.content');
+         section.append('div').attr('class', 'modal-section header');
+         section.append('div').attr('class', 'modal-section message-text');
+         var buttons = section.append('div').attr('class', 'modal-section buttons cf');
+
+         modalSelection.okButton = function () {
+           buttons.append('button').attr('class', 'button ok-button action').on('click.confirm', function () {
+             modalSelection.remove();
+           }).html(_t.html('confirm.okay')).node().focus();
+           return modalSelection;
+         };
 
-           function cancel() {
-               context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
-           }
+         return modalSelection;
+       }
 
+       function uiChangesetEditor(context) {
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('change');
+         var formFields = uiFormFields(context);
+         var commentCombo = uiCombobox(context, 'comment').caseSensitive(true);
 
-           mode.enter = function() {
-               context.install(behavior);
-           };
+         var _fieldsArr;
 
+         var _tags;
 
-           mode.exit = function() {
-               context.uninstall(behavior);
-           };
+         var _changesetID;
 
+         function changesetEditor(selection) {
+           render(selection);
+         }
 
-           return mode;
-       }
+         function render(selection) {
+           var initial = false;
 
-       function modeAddNote(context) {
-           var mode = {
-               id: 'add-note',
-               button: 'note',
-               title: _t('modes.add_note.title'),
-               description: _t('modes.add_note.description'),
-               key: _t('modes.add_note.key')
-           };
+           if (!_fieldsArr) {
+             initial = true;
+             var presets = _mainPresetIndex;
+             _fieldsArr = [uiField(context, presets.field('comment'), null, {
+               show: true,
+               revert: false
+             }), uiField(context, presets.field('source'), null, {
+               show: false,
+               revert: false
+             }), uiField(context, presets.field('hashtags'), null, {
+               show: false,
+               revert: false
+             })];
 
-           var behavior = behaviorDraw(context)
-               .on('click', add)
-               .on('cancel', cancel)
-               .on('finish', cancel);
+             _fieldsArr.forEach(function (field) {
+               field.on('change', function (t, onInput) {
+                 dispatch.call('change', field, undefined, t, onInput);
+               });
+             });
+           }
 
+           _fieldsArr.forEach(function (field) {
+             field.tags(_tags);
+           });
 
-           function add(loc) {
-               var osm = services.osm;
-               if (!osm) return;
+           selection.call(formFields.fieldsArr(_fieldsArr));
+
+           if (initial) {
+             var commentField = selection.select('.form-field-comment textarea');
+             var commentNode = commentField.node();
+
+             if (commentNode) {
+               commentNode.focus();
+               commentNode.select();
+             } // trigger a 'blur' event so that comment field can be cleaned
+             // and checked for hashtags, even if retrieved from localstorage
+
+
+             utilTriggerEvent(commentField, 'blur');
+             var osm = context.connection();
+
+             if (osm) {
+               osm.userChangesets(function (err, changesets) {
+                 if (err) return;
+                 var comments = changesets.map(function (changeset) {
+                   var comment = changeset.tags.comment;
+                   return comment ? {
+                     title: comment,
+                     value: comment
+                   } : null;
+                 }).filter(Boolean);
+                 commentField.call(commentCombo.data(utilArrayUniqBy(comments, 'title')));
+               });
+             }
+           } // Add warning if comment mentions Google
 
-               var note = osmNote({ loc: loc, status: 'open', comments: [] });
-               osm.replaceNote(note);
 
-               // force a reraw (there is no history change that would otherwise do this)
-               context.map().pan([0,0]);
+           var hasGoogle = _tags.comment.match(/google/i);
 
-               context
-                   .selectedNoteID(note.id)
-                   .enter(modeSelectNote(context, note.id).newFeature(true));
-           }
+           var commentWarning = selection.select('.form-field-comment').selectAll('.comment-warning').data(hasGoogle ? [0] : []);
+           commentWarning.exit().transition().duration(200).style('opacity', 0).remove();
+           var commentEnter = commentWarning.enter().insert('div', '.tag-reference-body').attr('class', 'field-warning comment-warning').style('opacity', 0);
+           commentEnter.append('a').attr('target', '_blank').call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-alert', 'inline')).attr('href', _t('commit.google_warning_link')).append('span').html(_t.html('commit.google_warning'));
+           commentEnter.transition().duration(200).style('opacity', 1);
+         }
 
+         changesetEditor.tags = function (_) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _tags;
+           _tags = _; // Don't reset _fieldsArr here.
 
-           function cancel() {
-               context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
-           }
+           return changesetEditor;
+         };
 
+         changesetEditor.changesetID = function (_) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _changesetID;
+           if (_changesetID === _) return changesetEditor;
+           _changesetID = _;
+           _fieldsArr = null;
+           return changesetEditor;
+         };
 
-           mode.enter = function() {
-               context.install(behavior);
-           };
+         return utilRebind(changesetEditor, dispatch, 'on');
+       }
 
+       function uiSectionChanges(context) {
+         var detected = utilDetect();
+         var _discardTags = {};
+         _mainFileFetcher.get('discarded').then(function (d) {
+           _discardTags = d;
+         })["catch"](function () {
+           /* ignore */
+         });
+         var section = uiSection('changes-list', context).label(function () {
+           var history = context.history();
+           var summary = history.difference().summary();
+           return _t('inspector.title_count', {
+             title: _t.html('commit.changes'),
+             count: summary.length
+           });
+         }).disclosureContent(renderDisclosureContent);
 
-           mode.exit = function() {
-               context.uninstall(behavior);
-           };
+         function renderDisclosureContent(selection) {
+           var history = context.history();
+           var summary = history.difference().summary();
+           var container = selection.selectAll('.commit-section').data([0]);
+           var containerEnter = container.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'commit-section');
+           containerEnter.append('ul').attr('class', 'changeset-list');
+           container = containerEnter.merge(container);
+           var items = container.select('ul').selectAll('li').data(summary);
+           var itemsEnter = items.enter().append('li').attr('class', 'change-item');
+           var buttons = itemsEnter.append('button').on('mouseover', mouseover).on('mouseout', mouseout).on('click', click);
+           buttons.each(function (d) {
+             select(this).call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-' + d.entity.geometry(d.graph), 'pre-text ' + d.changeType));
+           });
+           buttons.append('span').attr('class', 'change-type').html(function (d) {
+             return _t.html('commit.' + d.changeType) + ' ';
+           });
+           buttons.append('strong').attr('class', 'entity-type').html(function (d) {
+             var matched = _mainPresetIndex.match(d.entity, d.graph);
+             return matched && matched.name() || utilDisplayType(d.entity.id);
+           });
+           buttons.append('span').attr('class', 'entity-name').html(function (d) {
+             var name = utilDisplayName(d.entity) || '',
+                 string = '';
 
+             if (name !== '') {
+               string += ':';
+             }
 
-           return mode;
-       }
+             return string += ' ' + name;
+           });
+           items = itemsEnter.merge(items); // Download changeset link
 
-       function uiConflicts(context) {
-           var dispatch$1 = dispatch('cancel', 'save');
-           var keybinding = utilKeybinding('conflicts');
-           var _origChanges;
-           var _conflictList;
-           var _shownConflictIndex;
+           var changeset = new osmChangeset().update({
+             id: undefined
+           });
+           var changes = history.changes(actionDiscardTags(history.difference(), _discardTags));
+           delete changeset.id; // Export without chnageset_id
 
+           var data = JXON.stringify(changeset.osmChangeJXON(changes));
+           var blob = new Blob([data], {
+             type: 'text/xml;charset=utf-8;'
+           });
+           var fileName = 'changes.osc';
+           var linkEnter = container.selectAll('.download-changes').data([0]).enter().append('a').attr('class', 'download-changes');
 
-           function keybindingOn() {
-               select(document)
-                   .call(keybinding.on('⎋', cancel, true));
+           if (detected.download) {
+             // All except IE11 and Edge
+             linkEnter // download the data as a file
+             .attr('href', window.URL.createObjectURL(blob)).attr('download', fileName);
+           } else {
+             // IE11 and Edge
+             linkEnter // open data uri in a new tab
+             .attr('target', '_blank').on('click.download', function () {
+               navigator.msSaveBlob(blob, fileName);
+             });
            }
 
-           function keybindingOff() {
-               select(document)
-                   .call(keybinding.unbind);
+           linkEnter.call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-load', 'inline')).append('span').html(_t.html('commit.download_changes'));
+
+           function mouseover(d) {
+             if (d.entity) {
+               context.surface().selectAll(utilEntityOrMemberSelector([d.entity.id], context.graph())).classed('hover', true);
+             }
            }
 
-           function tryAgain() {
-               keybindingOff();
-               dispatch$1.call('save');
+           function mouseout() {
+             context.surface().selectAll('.hover').classed('hover', false);
            }
 
-           function cancel() {
-               keybindingOff();
-               dispatch$1.call('cancel');
+           function click(d3_event, change) {
+             if (change.changeType !== 'deleted') {
+               var entity = change.entity;
+               context.map().zoomToEase(entity);
+               context.surface().selectAll(utilEntityOrMemberSelector([entity.id], context.graph())).classed('hover', true);
+             }
            }
+         }
 
+         return section;
+       }
 
-           function conflicts(selection) {
-               keybindingOn();
+       function uiCommitWarnings(context) {
+         function commitWarnings(selection) {
+           var issuesBySeverity = context.validator().getIssuesBySeverity({
+             what: 'edited',
+             where: 'all',
+             includeDisabledRules: true
+           });
 
-               var headerEnter = selection.selectAll('.header')
-                   .data([0])
-                   .enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'header fillL');
+           for (var severity in issuesBySeverity) {
+             var issues = issuesBySeverity[severity];
+             var section = severity + '-section';
+             var issueItem = severity + '-item';
+             var container = selection.selectAll('.' + section).data(issues.length ? [0] : []);
+             container.exit().remove();
+             var containerEnter = container.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'modal-section ' + section + ' fillL2');
+             containerEnter.append('h3').html(severity === 'warning' ? _t.html('commit.warnings') : _t.html('commit.errors'));
+             containerEnter.append('ul').attr('class', 'changeset-list');
+             container = containerEnter.merge(container);
+             var items = container.select('ul').selectAll('li').data(issues, function (d) {
+               return d.id;
+             });
+             items.exit().remove();
+             var itemsEnter = items.enter().append('li').attr('class', issueItem);
+             var buttons = itemsEnter.append('button').on('mouseover', function (d3_event, d) {
+               if (d.entityIds) {
+                 context.surface().selectAll(utilEntityOrMemberSelector(d.entityIds, context.graph())).classed('hover', true);
+               }
+             }).on('mouseout', function () {
+               context.surface().selectAll('.hover').classed('hover', false);
+             }).on('click', function (d3_event, d) {
+               context.validator().focusIssue(d);
+             });
+             buttons.call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-alert', 'pre-text'));
+             buttons.append('strong').attr('class', 'issue-message');
+             buttons.filter(function (d) {
+               return d.tooltip;
+             }).call(uiTooltip().title(function (d) {
+               return d.tooltip;
+             }).placement('top'));
+             items = itemsEnter.merge(items);
+             items.selectAll('.issue-message').html(function (d) {
+               return d.message(context);
+             });
+           }
+         }
 
-               headerEnter
-                   .append('button')
-                   .attr('class', 'fr')
-                   .on('click', cancel)
-                   .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-close'));
+         return commitWarnings;
+       }
 
-               headerEnter
-                   .append('h3')
-                   .text(_t('save.conflict.header'));
+       var readOnlyTags = [/^changesets_count$/, /^created_by$/, /^ideditor:/, /^imagery_used$/, /^host$/, /^locale$/, /^warnings:/, /^resolved:/, /^closed:note$/, /^closed:keepright$/, /^closed:improveosm:/, /^closed:osmose:/]; // treat most punctuation (except -, _, +, &) as hashtag delimiters - #4398
+       // from https://stackoverflow.com/a/25575009
 
-               var bodyEnter = selection.selectAll('.body')
-                   .data([0])
-                   .enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'body fillL');
+       var hashtagRegex = /(#[^\u2000-\u206F\u2E00-\u2E7F\s\\'!"#$%()*,.\/:;<=>?@\[\]^`{|}~]+)/g;
+       function uiCommit(context) {
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('cancel');
 
-               var conflictsHelpEnter = bodyEnter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'conflicts-help')
-                   .text(_t('save.conflict.help'));
+         var _userDetails;
 
+         var _selection;
 
-               // Download changes link
-               var detected = utilDetect();
-               var changeset = new osmChangeset();
+         var changesetEditor = uiChangesetEditor(context).on('change', changeTags);
+         var rawTagEditor = uiSectionRawTagEditor('changeset-tag-editor', context).on('change', changeTags).readOnlyTags(readOnlyTags);
+         var commitChanges = uiSectionChanges(context);
+         var commitWarnings = uiCommitWarnings(context);
 
-               delete changeset.id;  // Export without changeset_id
+         function commit(selection) {
+           _selection = selection; // Initialize changeset if one does not exist yet.
 
-               var data = JXON.stringify(changeset.osmChangeJXON(_origChanges));
-               var blob = new Blob([data], { type: 'text/xml;charset=utf-8;' });
-               var fileName = 'changes.osc';
+           if (!context.changeset) initChangeset();
+           loadDerivedChangesetTags();
+           selection.call(render);
+         }
 
-               var linkEnter = conflictsHelpEnter.selectAll('.download-changes')
-                   .append('a')
-                   .attr('class', 'download-changes');
+         function initChangeset() {
+           // expire stored comment, hashtags, source after cutoff datetime - #3947 #4899
+           var commentDate = +corePreferences('commentDate') || 0;
+           var currDate = Date.now();
+           var cutoff = 2 * 86400 * 1000; // 2 days
 
-               if (detected.download) {      // All except IE11 and Edge
-                   linkEnter                 // download the data as a file
-                       .attr('href', window.URL.createObjectURL(blob))
-                       .attr('download', fileName);
+           if (commentDate > currDate || currDate - commentDate > cutoff) {
+             corePreferences('comment', null);
+             corePreferences('hashtags', null);
+             corePreferences('source', null);
+           } // load in explicitly-set values, if any
 
-               } else {                      // IE11 and Edge
-                   linkEnter                 // open data uri in a new tab
-                       .attr('target', '_blank')
-                       .on('click.download', function() {
-                           navigator.msSaveBlob(blob, fileName);
-                       });
-               }
 
-               linkEnter
-                   .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-load', 'inline'))
-                   .append('span')
-                   .text(_t('save.conflict.download_changes'));
+           if (context.defaultChangesetComment()) {
+             corePreferences('comment', context.defaultChangesetComment());
+             corePreferences('commentDate', Date.now());
+           }
 
+           if (context.defaultChangesetSource()) {
+             corePreferences('source', context.defaultChangesetSource());
+             corePreferences('commentDate', Date.now());
+           }
 
-               bodyEnter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'conflict-container fillL3')
-                   .call(showConflict, 0);
+           if (context.defaultChangesetHashtags()) {
+             corePreferences('hashtags', context.defaultChangesetHashtags());
+             corePreferences('commentDate', Date.now());
+           }
 
-               bodyEnter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'conflicts-done')
-                   .attr('opacity', 0)
-                   .style('display', 'none')
-                   .text(_t('save.conflict.done'));
+           var detected = utilDetect();
+           var tags = {
+             comment: corePreferences('comment') || '',
+             created_by: context.cleanTagValue('iD ' + context.version),
+             host: context.cleanTagValue(detected.host),
+             locale: context.cleanTagValue(_mainLocalizer.localeCode())
+           }; // call findHashtags initially - this will remove stored
+           // hashtags if any hashtags are found in the comment - #4304
 
-               var buttonsEnter = bodyEnter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class','buttons col12 joined conflicts-buttons');
+           findHashtags(tags, true);
+           var hashtags = corePreferences('hashtags');
 
-               buttonsEnter
-                   .append('button')
-                   .attr('disabled', _conflictList.length > 1)
-                   .attr('class', 'action conflicts-button col6')
-                   .text(_t('save.title'))
-                   .on('click.try_again', tryAgain);
+           if (hashtags) {
+             tags.hashtags = hashtags;
+           }
+
+           var source = corePreferences('source');
 
-               buttonsEnter
-                   .append('button')
-                   .attr('class', 'secondary-action conflicts-button col6')
-                   .text(_t('confirm.cancel'))
-                   .on('click.cancel', cancel);
+           if (source) {
+             tags.source = source;
            }
 
+           var photoOverlaysUsed = context.history().photoOverlaysUsed();
 
-           function showConflict(selection, index) {
-               index = utilWrap(index, _conflictList.length);
-               _shownConflictIndex = index;
+           if (photoOverlaysUsed.length) {
+             var sources = (tags.source || '').split(';'); // include this tag for any photo layer
 
-               var parent = select(selection.node().parentNode);
+             if (sources.indexOf('streetlevel imagery') === -1) {
+               sources.push('streetlevel imagery');
+             } // add the photo overlays used during editing as sources
 
-               // enable save button if this is the last conflict being reviewed..
-               if (index === _conflictList.length - 1) {
-                   window.setTimeout(function() {
-                       parent.select('.conflicts-button')
-                           .attr('disabled', null);
 
-                       parent.select('.conflicts-done')
-                           .transition()
-                           .attr('opacity', 1)
-                           .style('display', 'block');
-                   }, 250);
+             photoOverlaysUsed.forEach(function (photoOverlay) {
+               if (sources.indexOf(photoOverlay) === -1) {
+                 sources.push(photoOverlay);
                }
+             });
+             tags.source = context.cleanTagValue(sources.join(';'));
+           }
 
-               var conflict = selection
-                   .selectAll('.conflict')
-                   .data([_conflictList[index]]);
+           context.changeset = new osmChangeset({
+             tags: tags
+           });
+         } // Calculates read-only metadata tags based on the user's editing session and applies
+         // them to the changeset.
 
-               conflict.exit()
-                   .remove();
 
-               var conflictEnter = conflict.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'conflict');
-
-               conflictEnter
-                   .append('h4')
-                   .attr('class', 'conflict-count')
-                   .text(_t('save.conflict.count', { num: index + 1, total: _conflictList.length }));
-
-               conflictEnter
-                   .append('a')
-                   .attr('class', 'conflict-description')
-                   .attr('href', '#')
-                   .text(function(d) { return d.name; })
-                   .on('click', function(d) {
-                       event.preventDefault();
-                       zoomToEntity(d.id);
-                   });
+         function loadDerivedChangesetTags() {
+           var osm = context.connection();
+           if (!osm) return;
+           var tags = Object.assign({}, context.changeset.tags); // shallow copy
+           // assign tags for imagery used
 
-               var details = conflictEnter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'conflict-detail-container');
+           var imageryUsed = context.cleanTagValue(context.history().imageryUsed().join(';'));
+           tags.imagery_used = imageryUsed || 'None'; // assign tags for closed issues and notes
 
-               details
-                   .append('ul')
-                   .attr('class', 'conflict-detail-list')
-                   .selectAll('li')
-                   .data(function(d) { return d.details || []; })
-                   .enter()
-                   .append('li')
-                   .attr('class', 'conflict-detail-item')
-                   .html(function(d) { return d; });
+           var osmClosed = osm.getClosedIDs();
+           var itemType;
 
-               details
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'conflict-choices')
-                   .call(addChoices);
+           if (osmClosed.length) {
+             tags['closed:note'] = context.cleanTagValue(osmClosed.join(';'));
+           }
 
-               details
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'conflict-nav-buttons joined cf')
-                   .selectAll('button')
-                   .data(['previous', 'next'])
-                   .enter()
-                   .append('button')
-                   .text(function(d) { return _t('save.conflict.' + d); })
-                   .attr('class', 'conflict-nav-button action col6')
-                   .attr('disabled', function(d, i) {
-                       return (i === 0 && index === 0) ||
-                           (i === 1 && index === _conflictList.length - 1) || null;
-                   })
-                   .on('click', function(d, i) {
-                       event.preventDefault();
-
-                       var container = parent.selectAll('.conflict-container');
-                       var sign = (i === 0 ? -1 : 1);
-
-                       container
-                           .selectAll('.conflict')
-                           .remove();
-
-                       container
-                           .call(showConflict, index + sign);
-                   });
+           if (services.keepRight) {
+             var krClosed = services.keepRight.getClosedIDs();
 
+             if (krClosed.length) {
+               tags['closed:keepright'] = context.cleanTagValue(krClosed.join(';'));
+             }
            }
 
+           if (services.improveOSM) {
+             var iOsmClosed = services.improveOSM.getClosedCounts();
 
-           function addChoices(selection) {
-               var choices = selection
-                   .append('ul')
-                   .attr('class', 'layer-list')
-                   .selectAll('li')
-                   .data(function(d) { return d.choices || []; });
+             for (itemType in iOsmClosed) {
+               tags['closed:improveosm:' + itemType] = context.cleanTagValue(iOsmClosed[itemType].toString());
+             }
+           }
 
-               // enter
-               var choicesEnter = choices.enter()
-                   .append('li')
-                   .attr('class', 'layer');
+           if (services.osmose) {
+             var osmoseClosed = services.osmose.getClosedCounts();
 
-               var labelEnter = choicesEnter
-                   .append('label');
+             for (itemType in osmoseClosed) {
+               tags['closed:osmose:' + itemType] = context.cleanTagValue(osmoseClosed[itemType].toString());
+             }
+           } // remove existing issue counts
 
-               labelEnter
-                   .append('input')
-                   .attr('type', 'radio')
-                   .attr('name', function(d) { return d.id; })
-                   .on('change', function(d, i) {
-                       var ul = this.parentNode.parentNode.parentNode;
-                       ul.__data__.chosen = i;
-                       choose(ul, d);
-                   });
 
-               labelEnter
-                   .append('span')
-                   .text(function(d) { return d.text; });
-
-               // update
-               choicesEnter
-                   .merge(choices)
-                   .each(function(d, i) {
-                       var ul = this.parentNode;
-                       if (ul.__data__.chosen === i) {
-                           choose(ul, d);
-                       }
-                   });
+           for (var key in tags) {
+             if (key.match(/(^warnings:)|(^resolved:)/)) {
+               delete tags[key];
+             }
            }
 
+           function addIssueCounts(issues, prefix) {
+             var issuesByType = utilArrayGroupBy(issues, 'type');
 
-           function choose(ul, datum) {
-               if (event) event.preventDefault();
+             for (var issueType in issuesByType) {
+               var issuesOfType = issuesByType[issueType];
 
-               select(ul)
-                   .selectAll('li')
-                   .classed('active', function(d) { return d === datum; })
-                   .selectAll('input')
-                   .property('checked', function(d) { return d === datum; });
+               if (issuesOfType[0].subtype) {
+                 var issuesBySubtype = utilArrayGroupBy(issuesOfType, 'subtype');
 
-               var extent = geoExtent();
-               var entity;
+                 for (var issueSubtype in issuesBySubtype) {
+                   var issuesOfSubtype = issuesBySubtype[issueSubtype];
+                   tags[prefix + ':' + issueType + ':' + issueSubtype] = context.cleanTagValue(issuesOfSubtype.length.toString());
+                 }
+               } else {
+                 tags[prefix + ':' + issueType] = context.cleanTagValue(issuesOfType.length.toString());
+               }
+             }
+           } // add counts of warnings generated by the user's edits
 
-               entity = context.graph().hasEntity(datum.id);
-               if (entity) extent._extend(entity.extent(context.graph()));
 
-               datum.action();
+           var warnings = context.validator().getIssuesBySeverity({
+             what: 'edited',
+             where: 'all',
+             includeIgnored: true,
+             includeDisabledRules: true
+           }).warning;
+           addIssueCounts(warnings, 'warnings'); // add counts of issues resolved by the user's edits
 
-               entity = context.graph().hasEntity(datum.id);
-               if (entity) extent._extend(entity.extent(context.graph()));
+           var resolvedIssues = context.validator().getResolvedIssues();
+           addIssueCounts(resolvedIssues, 'resolved');
+           context.changeset = context.changeset.update({
+             tags: tags
+           });
+         }
 
-               zoomToEntity(datum.id, extent);
-           }
+         function render(selection) {
+           var osm = context.connection();
+           if (!osm) return;
+           var header = selection.selectAll('.header').data([0]);
+           var headerTitle = header.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'header fillL');
+           headerTitle.append('div').append('h3').html(_t.html('commit.title'));
+           headerTitle.append('button').attr('class', 'close').on('click', function () {
+             dispatch.call('cancel', this);
+           }).call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-close'));
+           var body = selection.selectAll('.body').data([0]);
+           body = body.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'body').merge(body); // Changeset Section
 
+           var changesetSection = body.selectAll('.changeset-editor').data([0]);
+           changesetSection = changesetSection.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'modal-section changeset-editor').merge(changesetSection);
+           changesetSection.call(changesetEditor.changesetID(context.changeset.id).tags(context.changeset.tags)); // Warnings
 
-           function zoomToEntity(id, extent) {
-               context.surface().selectAll('.hover')
-                   .classed('hover', false);
+           body.call(commitWarnings); // Upload Explanation
 
-               var entity = context.graph().hasEntity(id);
-               if (entity) {
-                   if (extent) {
-                       context.map().trimmedExtent(extent);
-                   } else {
-                       context.map().zoomToEase(entity);
-                   }
-                   context.surface().selectAll(utilEntityOrMemberSelector([entity.id], context.graph()))
-                       .classed('hover', true);
-               }
-           }
+           var saveSection = body.selectAll('.save-section').data([0]);
+           saveSection = saveSection.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'modal-section save-section fillL').merge(saveSection);
+           var prose = saveSection.selectAll('.commit-info').data([0]);
 
+           if (prose.enter().size()) {
+             // first time, make sure to update user details in prose
+             _userDetails = null;
+           }
 
-           // The conflict list should be an array of objects like:
-           // {
-           //     id: id,
-           //     name: entityName(local),
-           //     details: merge.conflicts(),
-           //     chosen: 1,
-           //     choices: [
-           //         choice(id, keepMine, forceLocal),
-           //         choice(id, keepTheirs, forceRemote)
-           //     ]
-           // }
-           conflicts.conflictList = function(_) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _conflictList;
-               _conflictList = _;
-               return conflicts;
-           };
+           prose = prose.enter().append('p').attr('class', 'commit-info').html(_t.html('commit.upload_explanation')).merge(prose); // always check if this has changed, but only update prose.html()
+           // if needed, because it can trigger a style recalculation
 
+           osm.userDetails(function (err, user) {
+             if (err) return;
+             if (_userDetails === user) return; // no change
 
-           conflicts.origChanges = function(_) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _origChanges;
-               _origChanges = _;
-               return conflicts;
-           };
+             _userDetails = user;
+             var userLink = select(document.createElement('div'));
 
+             if (user.image_url) {
+               userLink.append('img').attr('src', user.image_url).attr('class', 'icon pre-text user-icon');
+             }
 
-           conflicts.shownEntityIds = function() {
-               if (_conflictList && typeof _shownConflictIndex === 'number') {
-                   return [_conflictList[_shownConflictIndex].id];
-               }
-               return [];
-           };
+             userLink.append('a').attr('class', 'user-info').html(user.display_name).attr('href', osm.userURL(user.display_name)).attr('target', '_blank');
+             prose.html(_t.html('commit.upload_explanation_with_user', {
+               user: userLink.html()
+             }));
+           }); // Request Review
 
+           var requestReview = saveSection.selectAll('.request-review').data([0]); // Enter
 
-           return utilRebind(conflicts, dispatch$1, 'on');
-       }
+           var requestReviewEnter = requestReview.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'request-review');
+           var requestReviewDomId = utilUniqueDomId('commit-input-request-review');
+           var labelEnter = requestReviewEnter.append('label').attr('for', requestReviewDomId);
 
-       function uiConfirm(selection) {
-           var modalSelection = uiModal(selection);
+           if (!labelEnter.empty()) {
+             labelEnter.call(uiTooltip().title(_t.html('commit.request_review_info')).placement('top'));
+           }
 
-           modalSelection.select('.modal')
-               .classed('modal-alert', true);
+           labelEnter.append('input').attr('type', 'checkbox').attr('id', requestReviewDomId);
+           labelEnter.append('span').html(_t.html('commit.request_review')); // Update
 
-           var section = modalSelection.select('.content');
+           requestReview = requestReview.merge(requestReviewEnter);
+           var requestReviewInput = requestReview.selectAll('input').property('checked', isReviewRequested(context.changeset.tags)).on('change', toggleRequestReview); // Buttons
 
-           section.append('div')
-               .attr('class', 'modal-section header');
+           var buttonSection = saveSection.selectAll('.buttons').data([0]); // enter
 
-           section.append('div')
-               .attr('class', 'modal-section message-text');
+           var buttonEnter = buttonSection.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'buttons fillL');
+           buttonEnter.append('button').attr('class', 'secondary-action button cancel-button').append('span').attr('class', 'label').html(_t.html('commit.cancel'));
+           var uploadButton = buttonEnter.append('button').attr('class', 'action button save-button');
+           uploadButton.append('span').attr('class', 'label').html(_t.html('commit.save'));
+           var uploadBlockerTooltipText = getUploadBlockerMessage(); // update
 
-           var buttons = section.append('div')
-               .attr('class', 'modal-section buttons cf');
+           buttonSection = buttonSection.merge(buttonEnter);
+           buttonSection.selectAll('.cancel-button').on('click.cancel', function () {
+             dispatch.call('cancel', this);
+           });
+           buttonSection.selectAll('.save-button').classed('disabled', uploadBlockerTooltipText !== null).on('click.save', function () {
+             if (!select(this).classed('disabled')) {
+               this.blur(); // avoid keeping focus on the button - #4641
 
+               for (var key in context.changeset.tags) {
+                 // remove any empty keys before upload
+                 if (!key) delete context.changeset.tags[key];
+               }
 
-           modalSelection.okButton = function() {
-               buttons
-                   .append('button')
-                   .attr('class', 'button ok-button action')
-                   .on('click.confirm', function() {
-                       modalSelection.remove();
-                   })
-                   .text(_t('confirm.okay'))
-                   .node()
-                   .focus();
+               context.uploader().save(context.changeset);
+             }
+           }); // remove any existing tooltip
 
-               return modalSelection;
-           };
+           uiTooltip().destroyAny(buttonSection.selectAll('.save-button'));
 
+           if (uploadBlockerTooltipText) {
+             buttonSection.selectAll('.save-button').call(uiTooltip().title(uploadBlockerTooltipText).placement('top'));
+           } // Raw Tag Editor
 
-           return modalSelection;
-       }
 
-       function uiChangesetEditor(context) {
-           var dispatch$1 = dispatch('change');
-           var formFields = uiFormFields(context);
-           var commentCombo = uiCombobox(context, 'comment').caseSensitive(true);
-           var _fieldsArr;
-           var _tags;
-           var _changesetID;
+           var tagSection = body.selectAll('.tag-section.raw-tag-editor').data([0]);
+           tagSection = tagSection.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'modal-section tag-section raw-tag-editor').merge(tagSection);
+           tagSection.call(rawTagEditor.tags(Object.assign({}, context.changeset.tags)) // shallow copy
+           .render);
+           var changesSection = body.selectAll('.commit-changes-section').data([0]);
+           changesSection = changesSection.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'modal-section commit-changes-section').merge(changesSection); // Change summary
 
+           changesSection.call(commitChanges.render);
 
-           function changesetEditor(selection) {
-               render(selection);
+           function toggleRequestReview() {
+             var rr = requestReviewInput.property('checked');
+             updateChangeset({
+               review_requested: rr ? 'yes' : undefined
+             });
+             tagSection.call(rawTagEditor.tags(Object.assign({}, context.changeset.tags)) // shallow copy
+             .render);
            }
+         }
 
+         function getUploadBlockerMessage() {
+           var errors = context.validator().getIssuesBySeverity({
+             what: 'edited',
+             where: 'all'
+           }).error;
 
-           function render(selection) {
-               var initial = false;
-
-               if (!_fieldsArr) {
-                   initial = true;
-                   var presets = _mainPresetIndex;
-
-                   _fieldsArr = [
-                       uiField(context, presets.field('comment'), null, { show: true, revert: false }),
-                       uiField(context, presets.field('source'), null, { show: false, revert: false }),
-                       uiField(context, presets.field('hashtags'), null, { show: false, revert: false }),
-                   ];
+           if (errors.length) {
+             return _t('commit.outstanding_errors_message', {
+               count: errors.length
+             });
+           } else {
+             var hasChangesetComment = context.changeset && context.changeset.tags.comment && context.changeset.tags.comment.trim().length;
 
-                   _fieldsArr.forEach(function(field) {
-                       field
-                           .on('change', function(t, onInput) {
-                               dispatch$1.call('change', field, undefined, t, onInput);
-                           });
-                   });
-               }
+             if (!hasChangesetComment) {
+               return _t('commit.comment_needed_message');
+             }
+           }
 
-               _fieldsArr.forEach(function(field) {
-                   field
-                       .tags(_tags);
-               });
+           return null;
+         }
 
+         function changeTags(_, changed, onInput) {
+           if (changed.hasOwnProperty('comment')) {
+             if (changed.comment === undefined) {
+               changed.comment = '';
+             }
 
-               selection
-                   .call(formFields.fieldsArr(_fieldsArr));
+             if (!onInput) {
+               corePreferences('comment', changed.comment);
+               corePreferences('commentDate', Date.now());
+             }
+           }
 
+           if (changed.hasOwnProperty('source')) {
+             if (changed.source === undefined) {
+               corePreferences('source', null);
+             } else if (!onInput) {
+               corePreferences('source', changed.source);
+               corePreferences('commentDate', Date.now());
+             }
+           } // no need to update `prefs` for `hashtags` here since it's done in `updateChangeset`
 
-               if (initial) {
-                   var commentField = selection.select('.form-field-comment textarea');
-                   var commentNode = commentField.node();
 
-                   if (commentNode) {
-                       commentNode.focus();
-                       commentNode.select();
-                   }
+           updateChangeset(changed, onInput);
 
-                   // trigger a 'blur' event so that comment field can be cleaned
-                   // and checked for hashtags, even if retrieved from localstorage
-                   utilTriggerEvent(commentField, 'blur');
+           if (_selection) {
+             _selection.call(render);
+           }
+         }
 
-                   var osm = context.connection();
-                   if (osm) {
-                       osm.userChangesets(function (err, changesets) {
-                           if (err) return;
-
-                           var comments = changesets.map(function(changeset) {
-                               var comment = changeset.tags.comment;
-                               return comment ? { title: comment, value: comment } : null;
-                           }).filter(Boolean);
-
-                           commentField
-                               .call(commentCombo
-                                   .data(utilArrayUniqBy(comments, 'title'))
-                               );
-                       });
-                   }
-               }
+         function findHashtags(tags, commentOnly) {
+           var detectedHashtags = commentHashtags();
 
-               // Add warning if comment mentions Google
-               var hasGoogle = _tags.comment.match(/google/i);
-               var commentWarning = selection.select('.form-field-comment').selectAll('.comment-warning')
-                   .data(hasGoogle ? [0] : []);
+           if (detectedHashtags.length) {
+             // always remove stored hashtags if there are hashtags in the comment - #4304
+             corePreferences('hashtags', null);
+           }
 
-               commentWarning.exit()
-                   .transition()
-                   .duration(200)
-                   .style('opacity', 0)
-                   .remove();
+           if (!detectedHashtags.length || !commentOnly) {
+             detectedHashtags = detectedHashtags.concat(hashtagHashtags());
+           }
 
-               var commentEnter = commentWarning.enter()
-                   .insert('div', '.tag-reference-body')
-                   .attr('class', 'field-warning comment-warning')
-                   .style('opacity', 0);
+           var allLowerCase = new Set();
+           return detectedHashtags.filter(function (hashtag) {
+             // Compare tags as lowercase strings, but keep original case tags
+             var lowerCase = hashtag.toLowerCase();
 
-               commentEnter
-                   .append('a')
-                   .attr('target', '_blank')
-                   .attr('tabindex', -1)
-                   .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-alert', 'inline'))
-                   .attr('href', _t('commit.google_warning_link'))
-                   .append('span')
-                   .text(_t('commit.google_warning'));
+             if (!allLowerCase.has(lowerCase)) {
+               allLowerCase.add(lowerCase);
+               return true;
+             }
 
-               commentEnter
-                   .transition()
-                   .duration(200)
-                   .style('opacity', 1);
-           }
+             return false;
+           }); // Extract hashtags from `comment`
 
+           function commentHashtags() {
+             var matches = (tags.comment || '').replace(/http\S*/g, '') // drop anything that looks like a URL - #4289
+             .match(hashtagRegex);
+             return matches || [];
+           } // Extract and clean hashtags from `hashtags`
 
-           changesetEditor.tags = function(_) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _tags;
-               _tags = _;
-               // Don't reset _fieldsArr here.
-               return changesetEditor;
-           };
 
+           function hashtagHashtags() {
+             var matches = (tags.hashtags || '').split(/[,;\s]+/).map(function (s) {
+               if (s[0] !== '#') {
+                 s = '#' + s;
+               } // prepend '#'
 
-           changesetEditor.changesetID = function(_) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _changesetID;
-               if (_changesetID === _) return changesetEditor;
-               _changesetID = _;
-               _fieldsArr = null;
-               return changesetEditor;
-           };
 
+               var matched = s.match(hashtagRegex);
+               return matched && matched[0];
+             }).filter(Boolean); // exclude falsy
 
-           return utilRebind(changesetEditor, dispatch$1, 'on');
-       }
+             return matches || [];
+           }
+         }
 
-       function uiSectionChanges(context) {
-           var detected = utilDetect();
+         function isReviewRequested(tags) {
+           var rr = tags.review_requested;
+           if (rr === undefined) return false;
+           rr = rr.trim().toLowerCase();
+           return !(rr === '' || rr === 'no');
+         }
 
-           var _discardTags = {};
-           _mainFileFetcher.get('discarded')
-               .then(function(d) { _discardTags = d; })
-               .catch(function() { /* ignore */ });
+         function updateChangeset(changed, onInput) {
+           var tags = Object.assign({}, context.changeset.tags); // shallow copy
 
-           var section = uiSection('changes-list', context)
-               .title(function() {
-                   var history = context.history();
-                   var summary = history.difference().summary();
-                   return _t('commit.changes', { count: summary.length });
-               })
-               .disclosureContent(renderDisclosureContent);
+           Object.keys(changed).forEach(function (k) {
+             var v = changed[k];
+             k = context.cleanTagKey(k);
+             if (readOnlyTags.indexOf(k) !== -1) return;
 
-           function renderDisclosureContent(selection) {
-               var history = context.history();
-               var summary = history.difference().summary();
+             if (v === undefined) {
+               delete tags[k];
+             } else if (onInput) {
+               tags[k] = v;
+             } else {
+               tags[k] = context.cleanTagValue(v);
+             }
+           });
 
-               var container = selection.selectAll('.commit-section')
-                   .data([0]);
+           if (!onInput) {
+             // when changing the comment, override hashtags with any found in comment.
+             var commentOnly = changed.hasOwnProperty('comment') && changed.comment !== '';
+             var arr = findHashtags(tags, commentOnly);
 
-               var containerEnter = container.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'commit-section');
+             if (arr.length) {
+               tags.hashtags = context.cleanTagValue(arr.join(';'));
+               corePreferences('hashtags', tags.hashtags);
+             } else {
+               delete tags.hashtags;
+               corePreferences('hashtags', null);
+             }
+           } // always update userdetails, just in case user reauthenticates as someone else
 
-               containerEnter
-                   .append('ul')
-                   .attr('class', 'changeset-list');
 
-               container = containerEnter
-                   .merge(container);
+           if (_userDetails && _userDetails.changesets_count !== undefined) {
+             var changesetsCount = parseInt(_userDetails.changesets_count, 10) + 1; // #4283
 
+             tags.changesets_count = String(changesetsCount); // first 100 edits - new user
 
-               var items = container.select('ul').selectAll('li')
-                   .data(summary);
+             if (changesetsCount <= 100) {
+               var s;
+               s = corePreferences('walkthrough_completed');
 
-               var itemsEnter = items.enter()
-                   .append('li')
-                   .attr('class', 'change-item');
+               if (s) {
+                 tags['ideditor:walkthrough_completed'] = s;
+               }
 
-               itemsEnter
-                   .each(function(d) {
-                       select(this)
-                           .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-' + d.entity.geometry(d.graph), 'pre-text ' + d.changeType));
-                   });
+               s = corePreferences('walkthrough_progress');
 
-               itemsEnter
-                   .append('span')
-                   .attr('class', 'change-type')
-                   .text(function(d) { return _t('commit.' + d.changeType) + ' '; });
-
-               itemsEnter
-                   .append('strong')
-                   .attr('class', 'entity-type')
-                   .text(function(d) {
-                       var matched = _mainPresetIndex.match(d.entity, d.graph);
-                       return (matched && matched.name()) || utilDisplayType(d.entity.id);
-                   });
+               if (s) {
+                 tags['ideditor:walkthrough_progress'] = s;
+               }
 
-               itemsEnter
-                   .append('span')
-                   .attr('class', 'entity-name')
-                   .text(function(d) {
-                       var name = utilDisplayName(d.entity) || '',
-                           string = '';
-                       if (name !== '') {
-                           string += ':';
-                       }
-                       return string += ' ' + name;
-                   });
+               s = corePreferences('walkthrough_started');
 
-               itemsEnter
-                   .style('opacity', 0)
-                   .transition()
-                   .style('opacity', 1);
+               if (s) {
+                 tags['ideditor:walkthrough_started'] = s;
+               }
+             }
+           } else {
+             delete tags.changesets_count;
+           }
 
-               items = itemsEnter
-                   .merge(items);
+           if (!fastDeepEqual(context.changeset.tags, tags)) {
+             context.changeset = context.changeset.update({
+               tags: tags
+             });
+           }
+         }
 
-               items
-                   .on('mouseover', mouseover)
-                   .on('mouseout', mouseout)
-                   .on('click', click);
+         commit.reset = function () {
+           context.changeset = null;
+         };
 
+         return utilRebind(commit, dispatch, 'on');
+       }
 
-               // Download changeset link
-               var changeset = new osmChangeset().update({ id: undefined });
-               var changes = history.changes(actionDiscardTags(history.difference(), _discardTags));
+       // for punction see https://stackoverflow.com/a/21224179
 
-               delete changeset.id;  // Export without chnageset_id
+       function simplify(str) {
+         if (typeof str !== 'string') return '';
+         return diacritics.remove(str.replace(/&/g, 'and').replace(/İ/ig, 'i').replace(/[\s\-=_!"#%'*{},.\/:;?\(\)\[\]@\\$\^*+<>«»~`’\u00a1\u00a7\u00b6\u00b7\u00bf\u037e\u0387\u055a-\u055f\u0589\u05c0\u05c3\u05c6\u05f3\u05f4\u0609\u060a\u060c\u060d\u061b\u061e\u061f\u066a-\u066d\u06d4\u0700-\u070d\u07f7-\u07f9\u0830-\u083e\u085e\u0964\u0965\u0970\u0af0\u0df4\u0e4f\u0e5a\u0e5b\u0f04-\u0f12\u0f14\u0f85\u0fd0-\u0fd4\u0fd9\u0fda\u104a-\u104f\u10fb\u1360-\u1368\u166d\u166e\u16eb-\u16ed\u1735\u1736\u17d4-\u17d6\u17d8-\u17da\u1800-\u1805\u1807-\u180a\u1944\u1945\u1a1e\u1a1f\u1aa0-\u1aa6\u1aa8-\u1aad\u1b5a-\u1b60\u1bfc-\u1bff\u1c3b-\u1c3f\u1c7e\u1c7f\u1cc0-\u1cc7\u1cd3\u200b-\u200f\u2016\u2017\u2020-\u2027\u2030-\u2038\u203b-\u203e\u2041-\u2043\u2047-\u2051\u2053\u2055-\u205e\u2cf9-\u2cfc\u2cfe\u2cff\u2d70\u2e00\u2e01\u2e06-\u2e08\u2e0b\u2e0e-\u2e16\u2e18\u2e19\u2e1b\u2e1e\u2e1f\u2e2a-\u2e2e\u2e30-\u2e39\u3001-\u3003\u303d\u30fb\ua4fe\ua4ff\ua60d-\ua60f\ua673\ua67e\ua6f2-\ua6f7\ua874-\ua877\ua8ce\ua8cf\ua8f8-\ua8fa\ua92e\ua92f\ua95f\ua9c1-\ua9cd\ua9de\ua9df\uaa5c-\uaa5f\uaade\uaadf\uaaf0\uaaf1\uabeb\ufe10-\ufe16\ufe19\ufe30\ufe45\ufe46\ufe49-\ufe4c\ufe50-\ufe52\ufe54-\ufe57\ufe5f-\ufe61\ufe68\ufe6a\ufe6b\ufeff\uff01-\uff03\uff05-\uff07\uff0a\uff0c\uff0e\uff0f\uff1a\uff1b\uff1f\uff20\uff3c\uff61\uff64\uff65]+/g, '').toLowerCase());
+       }
 
-               var data = JXON.stringify(changeset.osmChangeJXON(changes));
-               var blob = new Blob([data], {type: 'text/xml;charset=utf-8;'});
-               var fileName = 'changes.osc';
+       // `resolveStrings`
+       // Resolves the text strings for a given community index item
+       //
+       // Arguments
+       //   `item`:  Object containing the community index item
+       //   `defaults`: Object containing the community index default strings
+       //   `localizerFn?`: optional function we will call to do the localization.
+       //      This function should be like the iD `t()` function that
+       //      accepts a `stringID` and returns a localized string
+       //
+       // Returns
+       //   An Object containing all the resolved strings:
+       //   {
+       //     name:                     'talk-ru Mailing List',
+       //     url:                      'https://lists.openstreetmap.org/listinfo/talk-ru',
+       //     signupUrl:                'https://example.url/signup',
+       //     description:              'A one line description',
+       //     extendedDescription:      'Extended description',
+       //     nameHTML:                 '<a href="the url">the name</a>',
+       //     urlHTML:                  '<a href="the url">the url</a>',
+       //     signupUrlHTML:            '<a href="the signupUrl">the signupUrl</a>',
+       //     descriptionHTML:          the description, with urls and signupUrls linkified,
+       //     extendedDescriptionHTML:  the extendedDescription with urls and signupUrls linkified
+       //   }
+       //
 
-               var linkEnter = container.selectAll('.download-changes')
-                   .data([0])
-                   .enter()
-                   .append('a')
-                   .attr('class', 'download-changes');
-
-               if (detected.download) {      // All except IE11 and Edge
-                   linkEnter                 // download the data as a file
-                       .attr('href', window.URL.createObjectURL(blob))
-                       .attr('download', fileName);
-
-               } else {                      // IE11 and Edge
-                   linkEnter                 // open data uri in a new tab
-                       .attr('target', '_blank')
-                       .on('click.download', function() {
-                           navigator.msSaveBlob(blob, fileName);
-                       });
-               }
+       function resolveStrings(item, defaults, localizerFn) {
+         var itemStrings = Object.assign({}, item.strings); // shallow clone
 
-               linkEnter
-                   .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-load', 'inline'))
-                   .append('span')
-                   .text(_t('commit.download_changes'));
+         var defaultStrings = Object.assign({}, defaults[item.type]); // shallow clone
 
+         var anyToken = new RegExp(/(\{\w+\})/, 'gi'); // Pre-localize the item and default strings
 
-               function mouseover(d) {
-                   if (d.entity) {
-                       context.surface().selectAll(
-                           utilEntityOrMemberSelector([d.entity.id], context.graph())
-                       ).classed('hover', true);
-                   }
-               }
+         if (localizerFn) {
+           if (itemStrings.community) {
+             var communityID = simplify(itemStrings.community);
+             itemStrings.community = localizerFn("_communities.".concat(communityID));
+           }
 
+           ['name', 'description', 'extendedDescription'].forEach(function (prop) {
+             if (defaultStrings[prop]) defaultStrings[prop] = localizerFn("_defaults.".concat(item.type, ".").concat(prop));
+             if (itemStrings[prop]) itemStrings[prop] = localizerFn("".concat(item.id, ".").concat(prop));
+           });
+         }
 
-               function mouseout() {
-                   context.surface().selectAll('.hover')
-                       .classed('hover', false);
-               }
+         var replacements = {
+           account: item.account,
+           community: itemStrings.community,
+           signupUrl: itemStrings.signupUrl,
+           url: itemStrings.url
+         }; // Resolve URLs first (which may refer to {account})
 
+         if (!replacements.signupUrl) {
+           replacements.signupUrl = resolve(itemStrings.signupUrl || defaultStrings.signupUrl);
+         }
 
-               function click(change) {
-                   if (change.changeType !== 'deleted') {
-                       var entity = change.entity;
-                       context.map().zoomToEase(entity);
-                       context.surface().selectAll(utilEntityOrMemberSelector([entity.id], context.graph()))
-                           .classed('hover', true);
-                   }
-               }
-           }
+         if (!replacements.url) {
+           replacements.url = resolve(itemStrings.url || defaultStrings.url);
+         }
 
-           return section;
-       }
+         var resolved = {
+           name: resolve(itemStrings.name || defaultStrings.name),
+           url: resolve(itemStrings.url || defaultStrings.url),
+           signupUrl: resolve(itemStrings.signupUrl || defaultStrings.signupUrl),
+           description: resolve(itemStrings.description || defaultStrings.description),
+           extendedDescription: resolve(itemStrings.extendedDescription || defaultStrings.extendedDescription)
+         }; // Generate linkified strings
 
-       function uiCommitWarnings(context) {
+         resolved.nameHTML = linkify(resolved.url, resolved.name);
+         resolved.urlHTML = linkify(resolved.url);
+         resolved.signupUrlHTML = linkify(resolved.signupUrl);
+         resolved.descriptionHTML = resolve(itemStrings.description || defaultStrings.description, true);
+         resolved.extendedDescriptionHTML = resolve(itemStrings.extendedDescription || defaultStrings.extendedDescription, true);
+         return resolved;
 
-           function commitWarnings(selection) {
-               var issuesBySeverity = context.validator()
-                   .getIssuesBySeverity({ what: 'edited', where: 'all', includeDisabledRules: true });
+         function resolve(s, addLinks) {
+           if (!s) return undefined;
+           var result = s;
 
-               for (var severity in issuesBySeverity) {
-                   var issues = issuesBySeverity[severity];
-                   var section = severity + '-section';
-                   var issueItem = severity + '-item';
+           for (var key in replacements) {
+             var token = "{".concat(key, "}");
+             var regex = new RegExp(token, 'g');
 
-                   var container = selection.selectAll('.' + section)
-                       .data(issues.length ? [0] : []);
+             if (regex.test(result)) {
+               var replacement = replacements[key];
 
-                   container.exit()
-                       .remove();
+               if (!replacement) {
+                 throw new Error("Cannot resolve token: ".concat(token));
+               } else {
+                 if (addLinks && (key === 'signupUrl' || key === 'url')) {
+                   replacement = linkify(replacement);
+                 }
 
-                   var containerEnter = container.enter()
-                       .append('div')
-                       .attr('class', 'modal-section ' + section + ' fillL2');
+                 result = result.replace(regex, replacement);
+               }
+             }
+           } // There shouldn't be any leftover tokens in a resolved string
 
-                   containerEnter
-                       .append('h3')
-                       .text(severity === 'warning' ? _t('commit.warnings') : _t('commit.errors'));
 
-                   containerEnter
-                       .append('ul')
-                       .attr('class', 'changeset-list');
+           var leftovers = result.match(anyToken);
 
-                   container = containerEnter
-                       .merge(container);
+           if (leftovers) {
+             throw new Error("Cannot resolve tokens: ".concat(leftovers));
+           } // Linkify subreddits like `/r/openstreetmap`
+           // https://github.com/osmlab/osm-community-index/issues/82
+           // https://github.com/openstreetmap/iD/issues/4997
 
 
-                   var items = container.select('ul').selectAll('li')
-                       .data(issues, function(d) { return d.id; });
+           if (addLinks && item.type === 'reddit') {
+             result = result.replace(/(\/r\/\w+\/*)/i, function (match) {
+               return linkify(resolved.url, match);
+             });
+           }
 
-                   items.exit()
-                       .remove();
+           return result;
+         }
 
-                   var itemsEnter = items.enter()
-                       .append('li')
-                       .attr('class', issueItem);
+         function linkify(url, text) {
+           if (!url) return undefined;
+           text = text || url;
+           return "<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"".concat(url, "\">").concat(text, "</a>");
+         }
+       }
 
-                   itemsEnter
-                       .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-alert', 'pre-text'));
+       var _oci = null;
+       function uiSuccess(context) {
+         var MAXEVENTS = 2;
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('cancel');
 
-                   itemsEnter
-                       .append('strong')
-                       .attr('class', 'issue-message');
+         var _changeset;
 
-                   itemsEnter.filter(function(d) { return d.tooltip; })
-                       .call(uiTooltip()
-                           .title(function(d) { return d.tooltip; })
-                           .placement('top')
-                       );
+         var _location;
 
-                   items = itemsEnter
-                       .merge(items);
+         ensureOSMCommunityIndex(); // start fetching the data
 
-                   items.selectAll('.issue-message')
-                       .text(function(d) {
-                           return d.message(context);
-                       });
+         function ensureOSMCommunityIndex() {
+           var data = _mainFileFetcher;
+           return Promise.all([data.get('oci_features'), data.get('oci_resources'), data.get('oci_defaults')]).then(function (vals) {
+             if (_oci) return _oci; // Merge Custom Features
 
-                   items
-                       .on('mouseover', function(d) {
-                           if (d.entityIds) {
-                               context.surface().selectAll(
-                                   utilEntityOrMemberSelector(
-                                       d.entityIds,
-                                       context.graph()
-                                   )
-                               ).classed('hover', true);
-                           }
-                       })
-                       .on('mouseout', function() {
-                           context.surface().selectAll('.hover')
-                               .classed('hover', false);
-                       })
-                       .on('click', function(d) {
-                           context.validator().focusIssue(d);
-                       });
-               }
-           }
+             if (vals[0] && Array.isArray(vals[0].features)) {
+               _mainLocations.mergeCustomGeoJSON(vals[0]);
+             }
 
+             var ociResources = Object.values(vals[1].resources);
 
-           return commitWarnings;
-       }
+             if (ociResources.length) {
+               // Resolve all locationSet features.
+               return _mainLocations.mergeLocationSets(ociResources).then(function () {
+                 _oci = {
+                   resources: ociResources,
+                   defaults: vals[2].defaults
+                 };
+                 return _oci;
+               });
+             } else {
+               _oci = {
+                 resources: [],
+                 // no resources?
+                 defaults: vals[2].defaults
+               };
+               return _oci;
+             }
+           });
+         } // string-to-date parsing in JavaScript is weird
 
-       var readOnlyTags = [
-           /^changesets_count$/,
-           /^created_by$/,
-           /^ideditor:/,
-           /^imagery_used$/,
-           /^host$/,
-           /^locale$/,
-           /^warnings:/,
-           /^resolved:/,
-           /^closed:note$/,
-           /^closed:keepright$/,
-           /^closed:improveosm:/,
-           /^closed:osmose:/
-       ];
 
-       // treat most punctuation (except -, _, +, &) as hashtag delimiters - #4398
-       // from https://stackoverflow.com/a/25575009
-       var hashtagRegex = /(#[^\u2000-\u206F\u2E00-\u2E7F\s\\'!"#$%()*,.\/:;<=>?@\[\]^`{|}~]+)/g;
+         function parseEventDate(when) {
+           if (!when) return;
+           var raw = when.trim();
+           if (!raw) return;
 
+           if (!/Z$/.test(raw)) {
+             // if no trailing 'Z', add one
+             raw += 'Z'; // this forces date to be parsed as a UTC date
+           }
 
-       function uiCommit(context) {
-           var dispatch$1 = dispatch('cancel');
-           var _userDetails;
-           var _selection;
+           var parsed = new Date(raw);
+           return new Date(parsed.toUTCString().substr(0, 25)); // convert to local timezone
+         }
 
-           var changesetEditor = uiChangesetEditor(context)
-               .on('change', changeTags);
-           var rawTagEditor = uiSectionRawTagEditor('changeset-tag-editor', context)
-               .on('change', changeTags)
-               .readOnlyTags(readOnlyTags);
-           var commitChanges = uiSectionChanges(context);
-           var commitWarnings = uiCommitWarnings(context);
+         function success(selection) {
+           var header = selection.append('div').attr('class', 'header fillL');
+           header.append('h3').html(_t.html('success.just_edited'));
+           header.append('button').attr('class', 'close').on('click', function () {
+             return dispatch.call('cancel');
+           }).call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-close'));
+           var body = selection.append('div').attr('class', 'body save-success fillL');
+           var summary = body.append('div').attr('class', 'save-summary');
+           summary.append('h3').html(_t.html('success.thank_you' + (_location ? '_location' : ''), {
+             where: _location
+           }));
+           summary.append('p').html(_t.html('success.help_html')).append('a').attr('class', 'link-out').attr('target', '_blank').attr('href', _t('success.help_link_url')).call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-out-link', 'inline')).append('span').html(_t.html('success.help_link_text'));
+           var osm = context.connection();
+           if (!osm) return;
+           var changesetURL = osm.changesetURL(_changeset.id);
+           var table = summary.append('table').attr('class', 'summary-table');
+           var row = table.append('tr').attr('class', 'summary-row');
+           row.append('td').attr('class', 'cell-icon summary-icon').append('a').attr('target', '_blank').attr('href', changesetURL).append('svg').attr('class', 'logo-small').append('use').attr('xlink:href', '#iD-logo-osm');
+           var summaryDetail = row.append('td').attr('class', 'cell-detail summary-detail');
+           summaryDetail.append('a').attr('class', 'cell-detail summary-view-on-osm').attr('target', '_blank').attr('href', changesetURL).html(_t.html('success.view_on_osm'));
+           summaryDetail.append('div').html(_t.html('success.changeset_id', {
+             changeset_id: "<a href=\"".concat(changesetURL, "\" target=\"_blank\">").concat(_changeset.id, "</a>")
+           })); // Get OSM community index features intersecting the map..
+
+           ensureOSMCommunityIndex().then(function (oci) {
+             var loc = context.map().center();
+             var validLocations = _mainLocations.locationsAt(loc); // Gather the communities
+
+             var communities = [];
+             oci.resources.forEach(function (resource) {
+               var area = validLocations[resource.locationSetID];
+               if (!area) return; // Resolve strings
+
+               var localizer = function localizer(stringID) {
+                 return _t.html("community.".concat(stringID));
+               };
 
+               resource.resolved = resolveStrings(resource, oci.defaults, localizer);
+               communities.push({
+                 area: area,
+                 order: resource.order || 0,
+                 resource: resource
+               });
+             }); // sort communities by feature area ascending, community order descending
 
-           function commit(selection) {
-               _selection = selection;
+             communities.sort(function (a, b) {
+               return a.area - b.area || b.order - a.order;
+             });
+             body.call(showCommunityLinks, communities.map(function (c) {
+               return c.resource;
+             }));
+           });
+         }
 
-               // Initialize changeset if one does not exist yet.
-               if (!context.changeset) initChangeset();
+         function showCommunityLinks(selection, resources) {
+           var communityLinks = selection.append('div').attr('class', 'save-communityLinks');
+           communityLinks.append('h3').html(_t.html('success.like_osm'));
+           var table = communityLinks.append('table').attr('class', 'community-table');
+           var row = table.selectAll('.community-row').data(resources);
+           var rowEnter = row.enter().append('tr').attr('class', 'community-row');
+           rowEnter.append('td').attr('class', 'cell-icon community-icon').append('a').attr('target', '_blank').attr('href', function (d) {
+             return d.resolved.url;
+           }).append('svg').attr('class', 'logo-small').append('use').attr('xlink:href', function (d) {
+             return "#community-".concat(d.type);
+           });
+           var communityDetail = rowEnter.append('td').attr('class', 'cell-detail community-detail');
+           communityDetail.each(showCommunityDetails);
+           communityLinks.append('div').attr('class', 'community-missing').html(_t.html('success.missing')).append('a').attr('class', 'link-out').attr('target', '_blank').call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-out-link', 'inline')).attr('href', 'https://github.com/osmlab/osm-community-index/issues').append('span').html(_t.html('success.tell_us'));
+         }
 
-               loadDerivedChangesetTags();
+         function showCommunityDetails(d) {
+           var selection = select(this);
+           var communityID = d.id;
+           selection.append('div').attr('class', 'community-name').html(d.resolved.nameHTML);
+           selection.append('div').attr('class', 'community-description').html(d.resolved.descriptionHTML); // Create an expanding section if any of these are present..
+
+           if (d.resolved.extendedDescriptionHTML || d.languageCodes && d.languageCodes.length) {
+             selection.append('div').call(uiDisclosure(context, "community-more-".concat(d.id), false).expanded(false).updatePreference(false).label(_t.html('success.more')).content(showMore));
+           }
+
+           var nextEvents = (d.events || []).map(function (event) {
+             event.date = parseEventDate(event.when);
+             return event;
+           }).filter(function (event) {
+             // date is valid and future (or today)
+             var t = event.date.getTime();
+             var now = new Date().setHours(0, 0, 0, 0);
+             return !isNaN(t) && t >= now;
+           }).sort(function (a, b) {
+             // sort by date ascending
+             return a.date < b.date ? -1 : a.date > b.date ? 1 : 0;
+           }).slice(0, MAXEVENTS); // limit number of events shown
 
-               selection.call(render);
+           if (nextEvents.length) {
+             selection.append('div').call(uiDisclosure(context, "community-events-".concat(d.id), false).expanded(false).updatePreference(false).label(_t.html('success.events')).content(showNextEvents)).select('.hide-toggle').append('span').attr('class', 'badge-text').html(nextEvents.length);
            }
 
-           function initChangeset() {
+           function showMore(selection) {
+             var more = selection.selectAll('.community-more').data([0]);
+             var moreEnter = more.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'community-more');
+
+             if (d.resolved.extendedDescriptionHTML) {
+               moreEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'community-extended-description').html(d.resolved.extendedDescriptionHTML);
+             }
 
-               // expire stored comment, hashtags, source after cutoff datetime - #3947 #4899
-               var commentDate = +corePreferences('commentDate') || 0;
-               var currDate = Date.now();
-               var cutoff = 2 * 86400 * 1000;   // 2 days
-               if (commentDate > currDate || currDate - commentDate > cutoff) {
-                   corePreferences('comment', null);
-                   corePreferences('hashtags', null);
-                   corePreferences('source', null);
-               }
+             if (d.languageCodes && d.languageCodes.length) {
+               var languageList = d.languageCodes.map(function (code) {
+                 return _mainLocalizer.languageName(code);
+               }).join(', ');
+               moreEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'community-languages').html(_t.html('success.languages', {
+                 languages: languageList
+               }));
+             }
+           }
 
-               // load in explicitly-set values, if any
-               if (context.defaultChangesetComment()) {
-                   corePreferences('comment', context.defaultChangesetComment());
-                   corePreferences('commentDate', Date.now());
-               }
-               if (context.defaultChangesetSource()) {
-                   corePreferences('source', context.defaultChangesetSource());
-                   corePreferences('commentDate', Date.now());
-               }
-               if (context.defaultChangesetHashtags()) {
-                   corePreferences('hashtags', context.defaultChangesetHashtags());
-                   corePreferences('commentDate', Date.now());
+           function showNextEvents(selection) {
+             var events = selection.append('div').attr('class', 'community-events');
+             var item = events.selectAll('.community-event').data(nextEvents);
+             var itemEnter = item.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'community-event');
+             itemEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'community-event-name').append('a').attr('target', '_blank').attr('href', function (d) {
+               return d.url;
+             }).html(function (d) {
+               var name = d.name;
+
+               if (d.i18n && d.id) {
+                 name = _t("community.".concat(communityID, ".events.").concat(d.id, ".name"), {
+                   "default": name
+                 });
                }
 
-               var detected = utilDetect();
-               var tags = {
-                   comment: corePreferences('comment') || '',
-                   created_by: context.cleanTagValue('iD ' + context.version),
-                   host: context.cleanTagValue(detected.host),
-                   locale: context.cleanTagValue(_mainLocalizer.localeCode())
+               return name;
+             });
+             itemEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'community-event-when').html(function (d) {
+               var options = {
+                 weekday: 'short',
+                 day: 'numeric',
+                 month: 'short',
+                 year: 'numeric'
                };
 
-               // call findHashtags initially - this will remove stored
-               // hashtags if any hashtags are found in the comment - #4304
-               findHashtags(tags, true);
-
-               var hashtags = corePreferences('hashtags');
-               if (hashtags) {
-                   tags.hashtags = hashtags;
+               if (d.date.getHours() || d.date.getMinutes()) {
+                 // include time if it has one
+                 options.hour = 'numeric';
+                 options.minute = 'numeric';
                }
 
-               var source = corePreferences('source');
-               if (source) {
-                   tags.source = source;
-               }
-               var photoOverlaysUsed = context.history().photoOverlaysUsed();
-               if (photoOverlaysUsed.length) {
-                   var sources = (tags.source || '').split(';');
+               return d.date.toLocaleString(_mainLocalizer.localeCode(), options);
+             });
+             itemEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'community-event-where').html(function (d) {
+               var where = d.where;
 
-                   // include this tag for any photo layer
-                   if (sources.indexOf('streetlevel imagery') === -1) {
-                       sources.push('streetlevel imagery');
-                   }
+               if (d.i18n && d.id) {
+                 where = _t("community.".concat(communityID, ".events.").concat(d.id, ".where"), {
+                   "default": where
+                 });
+               }
 
-                   // add the photo overlays used during editing as sources
-                   photoOverlaysUsed.forEach(function(photoOverlay) {
-                       if (sources.indexOf(photoOverlay) === -1) {
-                           sources.push(photoOverlay);
-                       }
-                   });
+               return where;
+             });
+             itemEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'community-event-description').html(function (d) {
+               var description = d.description;
 
-                   tags.source = context.cleanTagValue(sources.join(';'));
+               if (d.i18n && d.id) {
+                 description = _t("community.".concat(communityID, ".events.").concat(d.id, ".description"), {
+                   "default": description
+                 });
                }
 
-               context.changeset = new osmChangeset({ tags: tags });
+               return description;
+             });
            }
+         }
 
-           // Calculates read-only metadata tags based on the user's editing session and applies
-           // them to the changeset.
-           function loadDerivedChangesetTags() {
+         success.changeset = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _changeset;
+           _changeset = val;
+           return success;
+         };
 
-               var osm = context.connection();
-               if (!osm) return;
+         success.location = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _location;
+           _location = val;
+           return success;
+         };
 
-               var tags = Object.assign({}, context.changeset.tags);   // shallow copy
+         return utilRebind(success, dispatch, 'on');
+       }
 
-               // assign tags for imagery used
-               var imageryUsed = context.cleanTagValue(context.history().imageryUsed().join(';'));
-               tags.imagery_used = imageryUsed || 'None';
+       function modeSave(context) {
+         var mode = {
+           id: 'save'
+         };
+         var keybinding = utilKeybinding('modeSave');
+         var commit = uiCommit(context).on('cancel', cancel);
 
-               // assign tags for closed issues and notes
-               var osmClosed = osm.getClosedIDs();
-               var itemType;
-               if (osmClosed.length) {
-                   tags['closed:note'] = context.cleanTagValue(osmClosed.join(';'));
-               }
-               if (services.keepRight) {
-                   var krClosed = services.keepRight.getClosedIDs();
-                   if (krClosed.length) {
-                       tags['closed:keepright'] = context.cleanTagValue(krClosed.join(';'));
-                   }
-               }
-               if (services.improveOSM) {
-                   var iOsmClosed = services.improveOSM.getClosedCounts();
-                   for (itemType in iOsmClosed) {
-                       tags['closed:improveosm:' + itemType] = context.cleanTagValue(iOsmClosed[itemType].toString());
-                   }
-               }
-               if (services.osmose) {
-                   var osmoseClosed = services.osmose.getClosedCounts();
-                   for (itemType in osmoseClosed) {
-                       tags['closed:osmose:' + itemType] = context.cleanTagValue(osmoseClosed[itemType].toString());
-                   }
-               }
+         var _conflictsUi; // uiConflicts
 
-               // remove existing issue counts
-               for (var key in tags) {
-                   if (key.match(/(^warnings:)|(^resolved:)/)) {
-                       delete tags[key];
-                   }
-               }
 
-               function addIssueCounts(issues, prefix) {
-                   var issuesByType = utilArrayGroupBy(issues, 'type');
-                   for (var issueType in issuesByType) {
-                       var issuesOfType = issuesByType[issueType];
-                       if (issuesOfType[0].subtype) {
-                           var issuesBySubtype = utilArrayGroupBy(issuesOfType, 'subtype');
-                           for (var issueSubtype in issuesBySubtype) {
-                               var issuesOfSubtype = issuesBySubtype[issueSubtype];
-                               tags[prefix + ':' + issueType + ':' + issueSubtype] = context.cleanTagValue(issuesOfSubtype.length.toString());
-                           }
-                       } else {
-                           tags[prefix + ':' + issueType] = context.cleanTagValue(issuesOfType.length.toString());
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
+         var _location;
 
-               // add counts of warnings generated by the user's edits
-               var warnings = context.validator()
-                   .getIssuesBySeverity({ what: 'edited', where: 'all', includeIgnored: true, includeDisabledRules: true }).warning;
-               addIssueCounts(warnings, 'warnings');
+         var _success;
 
-               // add counts of issues resolved by the user's edits
-               var resolvedIssues = context.validator().getResolvedIssues();
-               addIssueCounts(resolvedIssues, 'resolved');
+         var uploader = context.uploader().on('saveStarted.modeSave', function () {
+           keybindingOff();
+         }) // fire off some async work that we want to be ready later
+         .on('willAttemptUpload.modeSave', prepareForSuccess).on('progressChanged.modeSave', showProgress).on('resultNoChanges.modeSave', function () {
+           cancel();
+         }).on('resultErrors.modeSave', showErrors).on('resultConflicts.modeSave', showConflicts).on('resultSuccess.modeSave', showSuccess);
 
-               context.changeset = context.changeset.update({ tags: tags });
-           }
+         function cancel() {
+           context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+         }
 
-           function render(selection) {
+         function showProgress(num, total) {
+           var modal = context.container().select('.loading-modal .modal-section');
+           var progress = modal.selectAll('.progress').data([0]); // enter/update
+
+           progress.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'progress').merge(progress).text(_t('save.conflict_progress', {
+             num: num,
+             total: total
+           }));
+         }
+
+         function showConflicts(changeset, conflicts, origChanges) {
+           var selection = context.container().select('.sidebar').append('div').attr('class', 'sidebar-component');
+           context.container().selectAll('.main-content').classed('active', true).classed('inactive', false);
+           _conflictsUi = uiConflicts(context).conflictList(conflicts).origChanges(origChanges).on('cancel', function () {
+             context.container().selectAll('.main-content').classed('active', false).classed('inactive', true);
+             selection.remove();
+             keybindingOn();
+             uploader.cancelConflictResolution();
+           }).on('save', function () {
+             context.container().selectAll('.main-content').classed('active', false).classed('inactive', true);
+             selection.remove();
+             uploader.processResolvedConflicts(changeset);
+           });
+           selection.call(_conflictsUi);
+         }
+
+         function showErrors(errors) {
+           keybindingOn();
+           var selection = uiConfirm(context.container());
+           selection.select('.modal-section.header').append('h3').text(_t('save.error'));
+           addErrors(selection, errors);
+           selection.okButton();
+         }
+
+         function addErrors(selection, data) {
+           var message = selection.select('.modal-section.message-text');
+           var items = message.selectAll('.error-container').data(data);
+           var enter = items.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'error-container');
+           enter.append('a').attr('class', 'error-description').attr('href', '#').classed('hide-toggle', true).text(function (d) {
+             return d.msg || _t('save.unknown_error_details');
+           }).on('click', function (d3_event) {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             var error = select(this);
+             var detail = select(this.nextElementSibling);
+             var exp = error.classed('expanded');
+             detail.style('display', exp ? 'none' : 'block');
+             error.classed('expanded', !exp);
+           });
+           var details = enter.append('div').attr('class', 'error-detail-container').style('display', 'none');
+           details.append('ul').attr('class', 'error-detail-list').selectAll('li').data(function (d) {
+             return d.details || [];
+           }).enter().append('li').attr('class', 'error-detail-item').text(function (d) {
+             return d;
+           });
+           items.exit().remove();
+         }
 
-               var osm = context.connection();
-               if (!osm) return;
+         function showSuccess(changeset) {
+           commit.reset();
 
-               var header = selection.selectAll('.header')
-                   .data([0]);
+           var ui = _success.changeset(changeset).location(_location).on('cancel', function () {
+             context.ui().sidebar.hide();
+           });
 
-               var headerTitle = header.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'header fillL header-container');
+           context.enter(modeBrowse(context).sidebar(ui));
+         }
 
-               headerTitle
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'header-block header-block-outer');
+         function keybindingOn() {
+           select(document).call(keybinding.on('⎋', cancel, true));
+         }
 
-               headerTitle
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'header-block')
-                   .append('h3')
-                   .text(_t('commit.title'));
+         function keybindingOff() {
+           select(document).call(keybinding.unbind);
+         } // Reverse geocode current map location so we can display a message on
+         // the success screen like "Thank you for editing around place, region."
 
-               headerTitle
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'header-block header-block-outer header-block-close')
-                   .append('button')
-                   .attr('class', 'close')
-                   .on('click', function() {
-                       dispatch$1.call('cancel', this);
-                   })
-                   .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-close'));
-
-               var body = selection.selectAll('.body')
-                   .data([0]);
-
-               body = body.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'body')
-                   .merge(body);
 
+         function prepareForSuccess() {
+           _success = uiSuccess(context);
+           _location = null;
+           if (!services.geocoder) return;
+           services.geocoder.reverse(context.map().center(), function (err, result) {
+             if (err || !result || !result.address) return;
+             var addr = result.address;
+             var place = addr && (addr.town || addr.city || addr.county) || '';
+             var region = addr && (addr.state || addr.country) || '';
+             var separator = place && region ? _t('success.thank_you_where.separator') : '';
+             _location = _t('success.thank_you_where.format', {
+               place: place,
+               separator: separator,
+               region: region
+             });
+           });
+         }
 
-               // Changeset Section
-               var changesetSection = body.selectAll('.changeset-editor')
-                   .data([0]);
+         mode.selectedIDs = function () {
+           return _conflictsUi ? _conflictsUi.shownEntityIds() : [];
+         };
 
-               changesetSection = changesetSection.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'modal-section changeset-editor')
-                   .merge(changesetSection);
+         mode.enter = function () {
+           // Show sidebar
+           context.ui().sidebar.expand();
 
-               changesetSection
-                   .call(changesetEditor
-                       .changesetID(context.changeset.id)
-                       .tags(context.changeset.tags)
-                   );
+           function done() {
+             context.ui().sidebar.show(commit);
+           }
 
+           keybindingOn();
+           context.container().selectAll('.main-content').classed('active', false).classed('inactive', true);
+           var osm = context.connection();
 
-               // Warnings
-               body.call(commitWarnings);
+           if (!osm) {
+             cancel();
+             return;
+           }
 
+           if (osm.authenticated()) {
+             done();
+           } else {
+             osm.authenticate(function (err) {
+               if (err) {
+                 cancel();
+               } else {
+                 done();
+               }
+             });
+           }
+         };
 
-               // Upload Explanation
-               var saveSection = body.selectAll('.save-section')
-                   .data([0]);
+         mode.exit = function () {
+           keybindingOff();
+           context.container().selectAll('.main-content').classed('active', true).classed('inactive', false);
+           context.ui().sidebar.hide();
+         };
 
-               saveSection = saveSection.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class','modal-section save-section fillL')
-                   .merge(saveSection);
+         return mode;
+       }
 
-               var prose = saveSection.selectAll('.commit-info')
-                   .data([0]);
+       function modeSelectError(context, selectedErrorID, selectedErrorService) {
+         var mode = {
+           id: 'select-error',
+           button: 'browse'
+         };
+         var keybinding = utilKeybinding('select-error');
+         var errorService = services[selectedErrorService];
+         var errorEditor;
 
-               if (prose.enter().size()) {   // first time, make sure to update user details in prose
-                   _userDetails = null;
-               }
+         switch (selectedErrorService) {
+           case 'improveOSM':
+             errorEditor = uiImproveOsmEditor(context).on('change', function () {
+               context.map().pan([0, 0]); // trigger a redraw
 
-               prose = prose.enter()
-                   .append('p')
-                   .attr('class', 'commit-info')
-                   .text(_t('commit.upload_explanation'))
-                   .merge(prose);
+               var error = checkSelectedID();
+               if (!error) return;
+               context.ui().sidebar.show(errorEditor.error(error));
+             });
+             break;
 
-               // always check if this has changed, but only update prose.html()
-               // if needed, because it can trigger a style recalculation
-               osm.userDetails(function(err, user) {
-                   if (err) return;
+           case 'keepRight':
+             errorEditor = uiKeepRightEditor(context).on('change', function () {
+               context.map().pan([0, 0]); // trigger a redraw
 
-                   if (_userDetails === user) return;  // no change
-                   _userDetails = user;
+               var error = checkSelectedID();
+               if (!error) return;
+               context.ui().sidebar.show(errorEditor.error(error));
+             });
+             break;
 
-                   var userLink = select(document.createElement('div'));
+           case 'osmose':
+             errorEditor = uiOsmoseEditor(context).on('change', function () {
+               context.map().pan([0, 0]); // trigger a redraw
 
-                   if (user.image_url) {
-                       userLink
-                           .append('img')
-                           .attr('src', user.image_url)
-                           .attr('class', 'icon pre-text user-icon');
-                   }
+               var error = checkSelectedID();
+               if (!error) return;
+               context.ui().sidebar.show(errorEditor.error(error));
+             });
+             break;
+         }
 
-                   userLink
-                       .append('a')
-                       .attr('class', 'user-info')
-                       .text(user.display_name)
-                       .attr('href', osm.userURL(user.display_name))
-                       .attr('target', '_blank');
+         var behaviors = [behaviorBreathe(), behaviorHover(context), behaviorSelect(context), behaviorLasso(context), modeDragNode(context).behavior, modeDragNote(context).behavior];
 
-                   prose
-                       .html(_t('commit.upload_explanation_with_user', { user: userLink.html() }));
-               });
+         function checkSelectedID() {
+           if (!errorService) return;
+           var error = errorService.getError(selectedErrorID);
 
+           if (!error) {
+             context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+           }
 
-               // Request Review
-               var requestReview = saveSection.selectAll('.request-review')
-                   .data([0]);
+           return error;
+         }
 
-               // Enter
-               var requestReviewEnter = requestReview.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'request-review');
+         mode.zoomToSelected = function () {
+           if (!errorService) return;
+           var error = errorService.getError(selectedErrorID);
 
-               var requestReviewDomId = utilUniqueDomId('commit-input-request-review');
+           if (error) {
+             context.map().centerZoomEase(error.loc, 20);
+           }
+         };
 
-               var labelEnter = requestReviewEnter
-                   .append('label')
-                   .attr('for', requestReviewDomId);
+         mode.enter = function () {
+           var error = checkSelectedID();
+           if (!error) return;
+           behaviors.forEach(context.install);
+           keybinding.on(_t('inspector.zoom_to.key'), mode.zoomToSelected).on('⎋', esc, true);
+           select(document).call(keybinding);
+           selectError();
+           var sidebar = context.ui().sidebar;
+           sidebar.show(errorEditor.error(error));
+           context.map().on('drawn.select-error', selectError); // class the error as selected, or return to browse mode if the error is gone
 
-               labelEnter
-                   .append('input')
-                   .attr('type', 'checkbox')
-                   .attr('id', requestReviewDomId);
+           function selectError(d3_event, drawn) {
+             if (!checkSelectedID()) return;
+             var selection = context.surface().selectAll('.itemId-' + selectedErrorID + '.' + selectedErrorService);
 
-               labelEnter
-                   .append('span')
-                   .text(_t('commit.request_review'));
+             if (selection.empty()) {
+               // Return to browse mode if selected DOM elements have
+               // disappeared because the user moved them out of view..
+               var source = d3_event && d3_event.type === 'zoom' && d3_event.sourceEvent;
 
-               // Update
-               requestReview = requestReview
-                   .merge(requestReviewEnter);
+               if (drawn && source && (source.type === 'pointermove' || source.type === 'mousemove' || source.type === 'touchmove')) {
+                 context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+               }
+             } else {
+               selection.classed('selected', true);
+               context.selectedErrorID(selectedErrorID);
+             }
+           }
 
-               var requestReviewInput = requestReview.selectAll('input')
-                   .property('checked', isReviewRequested(context.changeset.tags))
-                   .on('change', toggleRequestReview);
+           function esc() {
+             if (context.container().select('.combobox').size()) return;
+             context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+           }
+         };
 
+         mode.exit = function () {
+           behaviors.forEach(context.uninstall);
+           select(document).call(keybinding.unbind);
+           context.surface().selectAll('.qaItem.selected').classed('selected hover', false);
+           context.map().on('drawn.select-error', null);
+           context.ui().sidebar.hide();
+           context.selectedErrorID(null);
+           context.features().forceVisible([]);
+         };
 
-               // Buttons
-               var buttonSection = saveSection.selectAll('.buttons')
-                   .data([0]);
+         return mode;
+       }
 
-               // enter
-               var buttonEnter = buttonSection.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'buttons fillL');
+       function uiToolOldDrawModes(context) {
+         var tool = {
+           id: 'old_modes',
+           label: _t.html('toolbar.add_feature')
+         };
+         var modes = [modeAddPoint(context, {
+           title: _t.html('modes.add_point.title'),
+           button: 'point',
+           description: _t.html('modes.add_point.description'),
+           preset: _mainPresetIndex.item('point'),
+           key: '1'
+         }), modeAddLine(context, {
+           title: _t.html('modes.add_line.title'),
+           button: 'line',
+           description: _t.html('modes.add_line.description'),
+           preset: _mainPresetIndex.item('line'),
+           key: '2'
+         }), modeAddArea(context, {
+           title: _t.html('modes.add_area.title'),
+           button: 'area',
+           description: _t.html('modes.add_area.description'),
+           preset: _mainPresetIndex.item('area'),
+           key: '3'
+         })];
+
+         function enabled() {
+           return osmEditable();
+         }
+
+         function osmEditable() {
+           return context.editable();
+         }
+
+         modes.forEach(function (mode) {
+           context.keybinding().on(mode.key, function () {
+             if (!enabled()) return;
+
+             if (mode.id === context.mode().id) {
+               context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+             } else {
+               context.enter(mode);
+             }
+           });
+         });
 
-               buttonEnter
-                   .append('button')
-                   .attr('class', 'secondary-action button cancel-button')
-                   .append('span')
-                   .attr('class', 'label')
-                   .text(_t('commit.cancel'));
+         tool.render = function (selection) {
+           var wrap = selection.append('div').attr('class', 'joined').style('display', 'flex');
 
-               var uploadButton = buttonEnter
-                   .append('button')
-                   .attr('class', 'action button save-button');
+           var debouncedUpdate = debounce(update, 500, {
+             leading: true,
+             trailing: true
+           });
 
-               uploadButton.append('span')
-                   .attr('class', 'label')
-                   .text(_t('commit.save'));
+           context.map().on('move.modes', debouncedUpdate).on('drawn.modes', debouncedUpdate);
+           context.on('enter.modes', update);
+           update();
 
-               var uploadBlockerTooltipText = getUploadBlockerMessage();
+           function update() {
+             var buttons = wrap.selectAll('button.add-button').data(modes, function (d) {
+               return d.id;
+             }); // exit
 
-               // update
-               buttonSection = buttonSection
-                   .merge(buttonEnter);
+             buttons.exit().remove(); // enter
 
-               buttonSection.selectAll('.cancel-button')
-                   .on('click.cancel', function() {
-                       dispatch$1.call('cancel', this);
-                   });
+             var buttonsEnter = buttons.enter().append('button').attr('class', function (d) {
+               return d.id + ' add-button bar-button';
+             }).on('click.mode-buttons', function (d3_event, d) {
+               if (!enabled()) return; // When drawing, ignore accidental clicks on mode buttons - #4042
 
-               buttonSection.selectAll('.save-button')
-                   .classed('disabled', uploadBlockerTooltipText !== null)
-                   .on('click.save', function() {
-                       if (!select(this).classed('disabled')) {
-                           this.blur();    // avoid keeping focus on the button - #4641
-                           context.uploader().save(context.changeset);
-                       }
-                   });
+               var currMode = context.mode().id;
+               if (/^draw/.test(currMode)) return;
 
-               // remove any existing tooltip
-               uiTooltip().destroyAny(buttonSection.selectAll('.save-button'));
+               if (d.id === currMode) {
+                 context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+               } else {
+                 context.enter(d);
+               }
+             }).call(uiTooltip().placement('bottom').title(function (d) {
+               return d.description;
+             }).keys(function (d) {
+               return [d.key];
+             }).scrollContainer(context.container().select('.top-toolbar')));
+             buttonsEnter.each(function (d) {
+               select(this).call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-' + d.button));
+             });
+             buttonsEnter.append('span').attr('class', 'label').html(function (mode) {
+               return mode.title;
+             }); // if we are adding/removing the buttons, check if toolbar has overflowed
 
-               if (uploadBlockerTooltipText) {
-                   buttonSection.selectAll('.save-button')
-                       .call(uiTooltip().title(uploadBlockerTooltipText).placement('top'));
-               }
+             if (buttons.enter().size() || buttons.exit().size()) {
+               context.ui().checkOverflow('.top-toolbar', true);
+             } // update
 
-               // Raw Tag Editor
-               var tagSection = body.selectAll('.tag-section.raw-tag-editor')
-                   .data([0]);
 
-               tagSection = tagSection.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'modal-section tag-section raw-tag-editor')
-                   .merge(tagSection);
+             buttons = buttons.merge(buttonsEnter).classed('disabled', function (d) {
+               return !enabled();
+             }).classed('active', function (d) {
+               return context.mode() && context.mode().button === d.button;
+             });
+           }
+         };
 
-               tagSection
-                   .call(rawTagEditor
-                       .tags(Object.assign({}, context.changeset.tags))   // shallow copy
-                       .render
-                   );
+         return tool;
+       }
 
-               var changesSection = body.selectAll('.commit-changes-section')
-                   .data([0]);
+       function uiToolNotes(context) {
+         var tool = {
+           id: 'notes',
+           label: _t.html('modes.add_note.label')
+         };
+         var mode = modeAddNote(context);
 
-               changesSection = changesSection.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'modal-section commit-changes-section')
-                   .merge(changesSection);
+         function enabled() {
+           return notesEnabled() && notesEditable();
+         }
 
-               // Change summary
-               changesSection.call(commitChanges.render);
+         function notesEnabled() {
+           var noteLayer = context.layers().layer('notes');
+           return noteLayer && noteLayer.enabled();
+         }
 
+         function notesEditable() {
+           var mode = context.mode();
+           return context.map().notesEditable() && mode && mode.id !== 'save';
+         }
 
-               function toggleRequestReview() {
-                   var rr = requestReviewInput.property('checked');
-                   updateChangeset({ review_requested: (rr ? 'yes' : undefined) });
+         context.keybinding().on(mode.key, function () {
+           if (!enabled()) return;
 
-                   tagSection
-                       .call(rawTagEditor
-                           .tags(Object.assign({}, context.changeset.tags))   // shallow copy
-                           .render
-                       );
-               }
+           if (mode.id === context.mode().id) {
+             context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+           } else {
+             context.enter(mode);
            }
+         });
+
+         tool.render = function (selection) {
+           var debouncedUpdate = debounce(update, 500, {
+             leading: true,
+             trailing: true
+           });
+
+           context.map().on('move.notes', debouncedUpdate).on('drawn.notes', debouncedUpdate);
+           context.on('enter.notes', update);
+           update();
+
+           function update() {
+             var showNotes = notesEnabled();
+             var data = showNotes ? [mode] : [];
+             var buttons = selection.selectAll('button.add-button').data(data, function (d) {
+               return d.id;
+             }); // exit
 
+             buttons.exit().remove(); // enter
 
-           function getUploadBlockerMessage() {
-               var errors = context.validator()
-                   .getIssuesBySeverity({ what: 'edited', where: 'all' }).error;
+             var buttonsEnter = buttons.enter().append('button').attr('class', function (d) {
+               return d.id + ' add-button bar-button';
+             }).on('click.notes', function (d3_event, d) {
+               if (!enabled()) return; // When drawing, ignore accidental clicks on mode buttons - #4042
 
-               if (errors.length) {
-                   return _t('commit.outstanding_errors_message', { count: errors.length });
+               var currMode = context.mode().id;
+               if (/^draw/.test(currMode)) return;
 
+               if (d.id === currMode) {
+                 context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
                } else {
-                   var hasChangesetComment = context.changeset && context.changeset.tags.comment && context.changeset.tags.comment.trim().length;
-                   if (!hasChangesetComment) {
-                       return _t('commit.comment_needed_message');
-                   }
-               }
-               return null;
+                 context.enter(d);
+               }
+             }).call(uiTooltip().placement('bottom').title(function (d) {
+               return d.description;
+             }).keys(function (d) {
+               return [d.key];
+             }).scrollContainer(context.container().select('.top-toolbar')));
+             buttonsEnter.each(function (d) {
+               select(this).call(svgIcon(d.icon || '#iD-icon-' + d.button));
+             }); // if we are adding/removing the buttons, check if toolbar has overflowed
+
+             if (buttons.enter().size() || buttons.exit().size()) {
+               context.ui().checkOverflow('.top-toolbar', true);
+             } // update
+
+
+             buttons = buttons.merge(buttonsEnter).classed('disabled', function (d) {
+               return !enabled();
+             }).classed('active', function (d) {
+               return context.mode() && context.mode().button === d.button;
+             });
            }
+         };
 
+         tool.uninstall = function () {
+           context.on('enter.editor.notes', null).on('exit.editor.notes', null).on('enter.notes', null);
+           context.map().on('move.notes', null).on('drawn.notes', null);
+         };
 
-           function changeTags(_, changed, onInput) {
-               if (changed.hasOwnProperty('comment')) {
-                   if (changed.comment === undefined) {
-                       changed.comment = '';
-                   }
-                   if (!onInput) {
-                       corePreferences('comment', changed.comment);
-                       corePreferences('commentDate', Date.now());
-                   }
-               }
-               if (changed.hasOwnProperty('source')) {
-                   if (changed.source === undefined) {
-                       corePreferences('source', null);
-                   } else if (!onInput) {
-                       corePreferences('source', changed.source);
-                       corePreferences('commentDate', Date.now());
-                   }
-               }
-               // no need to update `prefs` for `hashtags` here since it's done in `updateChangeset`
+         return tool;
+       }
+
+       function uiToolSave(context) {
+         var tool = {
+           id: 'save',
+           label: _t.html('save.title')
+         };
+         var button = null;
+         var tooltipBehavior = null;
+         var history = context.history();
+         var key = uiCmd('⌘S');
+         var _numChanges = 0;
 
-               updateChangeset(changed, onInput);
+         function isSaving() {
+           var mode = context.mode();
+           return mode && mode.id === 'save';
+         }
 
-               if (_selection) {
-                   _selection.call(render);
-               }
+         function isDisabled() {
+           return _numChanges === 0 || isSaving();
+         }
+
+         function save(d3_event) {
+           d3_event.preventDefault();
+
+           if (!context.inIntro() && !isSaving() && history.hasChanges()) {
+             context.enter(modeSave(context));
            }
+         }
 
+         function bgColor() {
+           var step;
 
-           function findHashtags(tags, commentOnly) {
-               var detectedHashtags = commentHashtags();
+           if (_numChanges === 0) {
+             return null;
+           } else if (_numChanges <= 50) {
+             step = _numChanges / 50;
+             return d3_interpolateRgb('#fff', '#ff8')(step); // white -> yellow
+           } else {
+             step = Math.min((_numChanges - 50) / 50, 1.0);
+             return d3_interpolateRgb('#ff8', '#f88')(step); // yellow -> red
+           }
+         }
 
-               if (detectedHashtags.length) {
-                   // always remove stored hashtags if there are hashtags in the comment - #4304
-                   corePreferences('hashtags', null);
-               }
-               if (!detectedHashtags.length || !commentOnly) {
-                   detectedHashtags = detectedHashtags.concat(hashtagHashtags());
-               }
+         function updateCount() {
+           var val = history.difference().summary().length;
+           if (val === _numChanges) return;
+           _numChanges = val;
 
-               var allLowerCase = new Set();
-               return detectedHashtags.filter(function(hashtag) {
-                   // Compare tags as lowercase strings, but keep original case tags
-                   var lowerCase = hashtag.toLowerCase();
-                   if (!allLowerCase.has(lowerCase)) {
-                       allLowerCase.add(lowerCase);
-                       return true;
-                   }
-                   return false;
-               });
+           if (tooltipBehavior) {
+             tooltipBehavior.title(_t.html(_numChanges > 0 ? 'save.help' : 'save.no_changes')).keys([key]);
+           }
+
+           if (button) {
+             button.classed('disabled', isDisabled()).style('background', bgColor());
+             button.select('span.count').html(_numChanges);
+           }
+         }
 
-               // Extract hashtags from `comment`
-               function commentHashtags() {
-                   var matches = (tags.comment || '')
-                       .replace(/http\S*/g, '')  // drop anything that looks like a URL - #4289
-                       .match(hashtagRegex);
+         tool.render = function (selection) {
+           tooltipBehavior = uiTooltip().placement('bottom').title(_t.html('save.no_changes')).keys([key]).scrollContainer(context.container().select('.top-toolbar'));
+           var lastPointerUpType;
+           button = selection.append('button').attr('class', 'save disabled bar-button').on('pointerup', function (d3_event) {
+             lastPointerUpType = d3_event.pointerType;
+           }).on('click', function (d3_event) {
+             save(d3_event);
 
-                   return matches || [];
-               }
+             if (_numChanges === 0 && (lastPointerUpType === 'touch' || lastPointerUpType === 'pen')) {
+               // there are no tooltips for touch interactions so flash feedback instead
+               context.ui().flash.duration(2000).iconName('#iD-icon-save').iconClass('disabled').label(_t.html('save.no_changes'))();
+             }
 
-               // Extract and clean hashtags from `hashtags`
-               function hashtagHashtags() {
-                   var matches = (tags.hashtags || '')
-                       .split(/[,;\s]+/)
-                       .map(function (s) {
-                           if (s[0] !== '#') { s = '#' + s; }    // prepend '#'
-                           var matched = s.match(hashtagRegex);
-                           return matched && matched[0];
-                       }).filter(Boolean);                       // exclude falsy
+             lastPointerUpType = null;
+           }).call(tooltipBehavior);
+           button.call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-save'));
+           button.append('span').attr('class', 'count').attr('aria-hidden', 'true').html('0');
+           updateCount();
+           context.keybinding().on(key, save, true);
+           context.history().on('change.save', updateCount);
+           context.on('enter.save', function () {
+             if (button) {
+               button.classed('disabled', isDisabled());
 
-                   return matches || [];
+               if (isSaving()) {
+                 button.call(tooltipBehavior.hide);
                }
-           }
+             }
+           });
+         };
 
+         tool.uninstall = function () {
+           context.keybinding().off(key, true);
+           context.history().on('change.save', null);
+           context.on('enter.save', null);
+           button = null;
+           tooltipBehavior = null;
+         };
 
-           function isReviewRequested(tags) {
-               var rr = tags.review_requested;
-               if (rr === undefined) return false;
-               rr = rr.trim().toLowerCase();
-               return !(rr === '' || rr === 'no');
-           }
+         return tool;
+       }
 
+       function uiToolSidebarToggle(context) {
+         var tool = {
+           id: 'sidebar_toggle',
+           label: _t.html('toolbar.inspect')
+         };
 
-           function updateChangeset(changed, onInput) {
-               var tags = Object.assign({}, context.changeset.tags);   // shallow copy
+         tool.render = function (selection) {
+           selection.append('button').attr('class', 'bar-button').on('click', function () {
+             context.ui().sidebar.toggle();
+           }).call(uiTooltip().placement('bottom').title(_t.html('sidebar.tooltip')).keys([_t('sidebar.key')]).scrollContainer(context.container().select('.top-toolbar'))).call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-sidebar-' + (_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl' ? 'right' : 'left')));
+         };
 
-               Object.keys(changed).forEach(function(k) {
-                   var v = changed[k];
-                   k = context.cleanTagKey(k);
-                   if (readOnlyTags.indexOf(k) !== -1) return;
+         return tool;
+       }
 
-                   if (k !== '' && v !== undefined) {
-                       if (onInput) {
-                           tags[k] = v;
-                       } else {
-                           tags[k] = context.cleanTagValue(v);
-                       }
-                   } else {
-                       delete tags[k];
-                   }
-               });
+       function uiToolUndoRedo(context) {
+         var tool = {
+           id: 'undo_redo',
+           label: _t.html('toolbar.undo_redo')
+         };
+         var commands = [{
+           id: 'undo',
+           cmd: uiCmd('⌘Z'),
+           action: function action() {
+             context.undo();
+           },
+           annotation: function annotation() {
+             return context.history().undoAnnotation();
+           },
+           icon: 'iD-icon-' + (_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl' ? 'redo' : 'undo')
+         }, {
+           id: 'redo',
+           cmd: uiCmd('⌘⇧Z'),
+           action: function action() {
+             context.redo();
+           },
+           annotation: function annotation() {
+             return context.history().redoAnnotation();
+           },
+           icon: 'iD-icon-' + (_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl' ? 'undo' : 'redo')
+         }];
 
-               if (!onInput) {
-                   // when changing the comment, override hashtags with any found in comment.
-                   var commentOnly = changed.hasOwnProperty('comment') && (changed.comment !== '');
-                   var arr = findHashtags(tags, commentOnly);
-                   if (arr.length) {
-                       tags.hashtags = context.cleanTagValue(arr.join(';'));
-                       corePreferences('hashtags', tags.hashtags);
-                   } else {
-                       delete tags.hashtags;
-                       corePreferences('hashtags', null);
-                   }
-               }
+         function editable() {
+           return context.mode() && context.mode().id !== 'save' && context.map().editableDataEnabled(true
+           /* ignore min zoom */
+           );
+         }
 
-               // always update userdetails, just in case user reauthenticates as someone else
-               if (_userDetails && _userDetails.changesets_count !== undefined) {
-                   var changesetsCount = parseInt(_userDetails.changesets_count, 10) + 1;  // #4283
-                   tags.changesets_count = String(changesetsCount);
+         tool.render = function (selection) {
+           var tooltipBehavior = uiTooltip().placement('bottom').title(function (d) {
+             return d.annotation() ? _t.html(d.id + '.tooltip', {
+               action: d.annotation()
+             }) : _t.html(d.id + '.nothing');
+           }).keys(function (d) {
+             return [d.cmd];
+           }).scrollContainer(context.container().select('.top-toolbar'));
+           var lastPointerUpType;
+           var buttons = selection.selectAll('button').data(commands).enter().append('button').attr('class', function (d) {
+             return 'disabled ' + d.id + '-button bar-button';
+           }).on('pointerup', function (d3_event) {
+             // `pointerup` is always called before `click`
+             lastPointerUpType = d3_event.pointerType;
+           }).on('click', function (d3_event, d) {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             var annotation = d.annotation();
+
+             if (editable() && annotation) {
+               d.action();
+             }
+
+             if (editable() && (lastPointerUpType === 'touch' || lastPointerUpType === 'pen')) {
+               // there are no tooltips for touch interactions so flash feedback instead
+               var text = annotation ? _t(d.id + '.tooltip', {
+                 action: annotation
+               }) : _t(d.id + '.nothing');
+               context.ui().flash.duration(2000).iconName('#' + d.icon).iconClass(annotation ? '' : 'disabled').label(text)();
+             }
+
+             lastPointerUpType = null;
+           }).call(tooltipBehavior);
+           buttons.each(function (d) {
+             select(this).call(svgIcon('#' + d.icon));
+           });
+           context.keybinding().on(commands[0].cmd, function (d3_event) {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             if (editable()) commands[0].action();
+           }).on(commands[1].cmd, function (d3_event) {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             if (editable()) commands[1].action();
+           });
 
-                   // first 100 edits - new user
-                   if (changesetsCount <= 100) {
-                       var s;
-                       s = corePreferences('walkthrough_completed');
-                       if (s) {
-                           tags['ideditor:walkthrough_completed'] = s;
-                       }
+           var debouncedUpdate = debounce(update, 500, {
+             leading: true,
+             trailing: true
+           });
 
-                       s = corePreferences('walkthrough_progress');
-                       if (s) {
-                           tags['ideditor:walkthrough_progress'] = s;
-                       }
+           context.map().on('move.undo_redo', debouncedUpdate).on('drawn.undo_redo', debouncedUpdate);
+           context.history().on('change.undo_redo', function (difference) {
+             if (difference) update();
+           });
+           context.on('enter.undo_redo', update);
 
-                       s = corePreferences('walkthrough_started');
-                       if (s) {
-                           tags['ideditor:walkthrough_started'] = s;
-                       }
-                   }
-               } else {
-                   delete tags.changesets_count;
-               }
+           function update() {
+             buttons.classed('disabled', function (d) {
+               return !editable() || !d.annotation();
+             }).each(function () {
+               var selection = select(this);
 
-               if (!fastDeepEqual(context.changeset.tags, tags)) {
-                   context.changeset = context.changeset.update({ tags: tags });
+               if (!selection.select('.tooltip.in').empty()) {
+                 selection.call(tooltipBehavior.updateContent);
                }
+             });
            }
+         };
 
+         tool.uninstall = function () {
+           context.keybinding().off(commands[0].cmd).off(commands[1].cmd);
+           context.map().on('move.undo_redo', null).on('drawn.undo_redo', null);
+           context.history().on('change.undo_redo', null);
+           context.on('enter.undo_redo', null);
+         };
 
-           commit.reset = function() {
-               context.changeset = null;
-           };
-
-
-           return utilRebind(commit, dispatch$1, 'on');
+         return tool;
        }
 
-       var RADIUS = 6378137;
-       var FLATTENING = 1/298.257223563;
-       var POLAR_RADIUS$1 = 6356752.3142;
+       function uiTopToolbar(context) {
+         var sidebarToggle = uiToolSidebarToggle(context),
+             modes = uiToolOldDrawModes(context),
+             notes = uiToolNotes(context),
+             undoRedo = uiToolUndoRedo(context),
+             save = uiToolSave(context);
 
-       var wgs84 = {
-               RADIUS: RADIUS,
-               FLATTENING: FLATTENING,
-               POLAR_RADIUS: POLAR_RADIUS$1
-       };
+         function notesEnabled() {
+           var noteLayer = context.layers().layer('notes');
+           return noteLayer && noteLayer.enabled();
+         }
 
-       var geometry_1 = geometry;
-       var ring = ringArea;
+         function topToolbar(bar) {
+           bar.on('wheel.topToolbar', function (d3_event) {
+             if (!d3_event.deltaX) {
+               // translate vertical scrolling into horizontal scrolling in case
+               // the user doesn't have an input device that can scroll horizontally
+               bar.node().scrollLeft += d3_event.deltaY;
+             }
+           });
 
-       function geometry(_) {
-           var area = 0, i;
-           switch (_.type) {
-               case 'Polygon':
-                   return polygonArea(_.coordinates);
-               case 'MultiPolygon':
-                   for (i = 0; i < _.coordinates.length; i++) {
-                       area += polygonArea(_.coordinates[i]);
-                   }
-                   return area;
-               case 'Point':
-               case 'MultiPoint':
-               case 'LineString':
-               case 'MultiLineString':
-                   return 0;
-               case 'GeometryCollection':
-                   for (i = 0; i < _.geometries.length; i++) {
-                       area += geometry(_.geometries[i]);
-                   }
-                   return area;
-           }
-       }
+           var debouncedUpdate = debounce(update, 500, {
+             leading: true,
+             trailing: true
+           });
 
-       function polygonArea(coords) {
-           var area = 0;
-           if (coords && coords.length > 0) {
-               area += Math.abs(ringArea(coords[0]));
-               for (var i = 1; i < coords.length; i++) {
-                   area -= Math.abs(ringArea(coords[i]));
-               }
-           }
-           return area;
-       }
+           context.layers().on('change.topToolbar', debouncedUpdate);
+           update();
 
-       /**
-        * Calculate the approximate area of the polygon were it projected onto
-        *     the earth.  Note that this area will be positive if ring is oriented
-        *     clockwise, otherwise it will be negative.
-        *
-        * Reference:
-        * Robert. G. Chamberlain and William H. Duquette, "Some Algorithms for
-        *     Polygons on a Sphere", JPL Publication 07-03, Jet Propulsion
-        *     Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, June 2007 http://trs-new.jpl.nasa.gov/dspace/handle/2014/40409
-        *
-        * Returns:
-        * {float} The approximate signed geodesic area of the polygon in square
-        *     meters.
-        */
+           function update() {
+             var tools = [sidebarToggle, 'spacer', modes];
+             tools.push('spacer');
 
-       function ringArea(coords) {
-           var p1, p2, p3, lowerIndex, middleIndex, upperIndex, i,
-           area = 0,
-           coordsLength = coords.length;
-
-           if (coordsLength > 2) {
-               for (i = 0; i < coordsLength; i++) {
-                   if (i === coordsLength - 2) {// i = N-2
-                       lowerIndex = coordsLength - 2;
-                       middleIndex = coordsLength -1;
-                       upperIndex = 0;
-                   } else if (i === coordsLength - 1) {// i = N-1
-                       lowerIndex = coordsLength - 1;
-                       middleIndex = 0;
-                       upperIndex = 1;
-                   } else { // i = 0 to N-3
-                       lowerIndex = i;
-                       middleIndex = i+1;
-                       upperIndex = i+2;
-                   }
-                   p1 = coords[lowerIndex];
-                   p2 = coords[middleIndex];
-                   p3 = coords[upperIndex];
-                   area += ( rad(p3[0]) - rad(p1[0]) ) * Math.sin( rad(p2[1]));
-               }
+             if (notesEnabled()) {
+               tools = tools.concat([notes, 'spacer']);
+             }
 
-               area = area * wgs84.RADIUS * wgs84.RADIUS / 2;
+             tools = tools.concat([undoRedo, save]);
+             var toolbarItems = bar.selectAll('.toolbar-item').data(tools, function (d) {
+               return d.id || d;
+             });
+             toolbarItems.exit().each(function (d) {
+               if (d.uninstall) {
+                 d.uninstall();
+               }
+             }).remove();
+             var itemsEnter = toolbarItems.enter().append('div').attr('class', function (d) {
+               var classes = 'toolbar-item ' + (d.id || d).replace('_', '-');
+               if (d.klass) classes += ' ' + d.klass;
+               return classes;
+             });
+             var actionableItems = itemsEnter.filter(function (d) {
+               return d !== 'spacer';
+             });
+             actionableItems.append('div').attr('class', 'item-content').each(function (d) {
+               select(this).call(d.render, bar);
+             });
+             actionableItems.append('div').attr('class', 'item-label').html(function (d) {
+               return d.label;
+             });
            }
+         }
 
-           return area;
+         return topToolbar;
        }
 
-       function rad(_) {
-           return _ * Math.PI / 180;
-       }
+       var sawVersion = null;
+       var isNewVersion = false;
+       var isNewUser = false;
+       function uiVersion(context) {
+         var currVersion = context.version;
+         var matchedVersion = currVersion.match(/\d+\.\d+\.\d+.*/);
 
-       var geojsonArea = {
-               geometry: geometry_1,
-               ring: ring
-       };
+         if (sawVersion === null && matchedVersion !== null) {
+           if (corePreferences('sawVersion')) {
+             isNewUser = false;
+             isNewVersion = corePreferences('sawVersion') !== currVersion && currVersion.indexOf('-') === -1;
+           } else {
+             isNewUser = true;
+             isNewVersion = true;
+           }
 
-       function toRadians(angleInDegrees) {
-         return (angleInDegrees * Math.PI) / 180;
-       }
+           corePreferences('sawVersion', currVersion);
+           sawVersion = currVersion;
+         }
 
-       function toDegrees(angleInRadians) {
-         return (angleInRadians * 180) / Math.PI;
-       }
+         return function (selection) {
+           selection.append('a').attr('target', '_blank').attr('href', 'https://github.com/openstreetmap/iD').html(currVersion); // only show new version indicator to users that have used iD before
 
-       function offset(c1, distance, bearing) {
-         var lat1 = toRadians(c1[1]);
-         var lon1 = toRadians(c1[0]);
-         var dByR = distance / 6378137; // distance divided by 6378137 (radius of the earth) wgs84
-         var lat = Math.asin(
-           Math.sin(lat1) * Math.cos(dByR) +
-             Math.cos(lat1) * Math.sin(dByR) * Math.cos(bearing)
-         );
-         var lon =
-           lon1 +
-           Math.atan2(
-             Math.sin(bearing) * Math.sin(dByR) * Math.cos(lat1),
-             Math.cos(dByR) - Math.sin(lat1) * Math.sin(lat)
-           );
-         return [toDegrees(lon), toDegrees(lat)];
+           if (isNewVersion && !isNewUser) {
+             selection.append('a').attr('class', 'badge').attr('target', '_blank').attr('href', 'https://github.com/openstreetmap/iD/blob/release/CHANGELOG.md#whats-new').call(svgIcon('#maki-gift-11')).call(uiTooltip().title(_t.html('version.whats_new', {
+               version: currVersion
+             })).placement('top').scrollContainer(context.container().select('.main-footer-wrap')));
+           }
+         };
        }
 
-       function validateCenter(center) {
-         const validCenterLengths = [2, 3];
-         if (!Array.isArray(center) || !validCenterLengths.includes(center.length)) {
-           throw new Error("ERROR! Center has to be an array of length two or three");
-         }
-         const [lng, lat] = center;
-         if (typeof lng !== "number" || typeof lat !== "number") {
-           throw new Error(
-             `ERROR! Longitude and Latitude has to be numbers but where ${typeof lng} and ${typeof lat}`
-           );
-         }
-         if (lng > 180 || lng < -180) {
-           throw new Error(
-             `ERROR! Longitude has to be between -180 and 180 but was ${lng}`
-           );
-         }
-
-         if (lat > 90 || lat < -90) {
-           throw new Error(
-             `ERROR! Latitude has to be between -90 and 90 but was ${lat}`
-           );
-         }
-       }
+       function uiZoom(context) {
+         var zooms = [{
+           id: 'zoom-in',
+           icon: 'iD-icon-plus',
+           title: _t.html('zoom.in'),
+           action: zoomIn,
+           disabled: function disabled() {
+             return !context.map().canZoomIn();
+           },
+           disabledTitle: _t.html('zoom.disabled.in'),
+           key: '+'
+         }, {
+           id: 'zoom-out',
+           icon: 'iD-icon-minus',
+           title: _t.html('zoom.out'),
+           action: zoomOut,
+           disabled: function disabled() {
+             return !context.map().canZoomOut();
+           },
+           disabledTitle: _t.html('zoom.disabled.out'),
+           key: '-'
+         }];
 
-       function validateRadius(radius) {
-         if (typeof radius !== "number") {
-           throw new Error(
-             `ERROR! Radius has to be a positive number but was: ${typeof radius}`
-           );
+         function zoomIn(d3_event) {
+           if (d3_event.shiftKey) return;
+           d3_event.preventDefault();
+           context.map().zoomIn();
          }
 
-         if (radius <= 0) {
-           throw new Error(
-             `ERROR! Radius has to be a positive number but was: ${radius}`
-           );
+         function zoomOut(d3_event) {
+           if (d3_event.shiftKey) return;
+           d3_event.preventDefault();
+           context.map().zoomOut();
          }
-       }
 
-       function validateNumberOfSegments(numberOfSegments) {
-         if (typeof numberOfSegments !== "number" && numberOfSegments !== undefined) {
-           throw new Error(
-             `ERROR! Number of segments has to be a number but was: ${typeof numberOfSegments}`
-           );
+         function zoomInFurther(d3_event) {
+           if (d3_event.shiftKey) return;
+           d3_event.preventDefault();
+           context.map().zoomInFurther();
          }
 
-         if (numberOfSegments < 3) {
-           throw new Error(
-             `ERROR! Number of segments has to be at least 3 but was: ${numberOfSegments}`
-           );
+         function zoomOutFurther(d3_event) {
+           if (d3_event.shiftKey) return;
+           d3_event.preventDefault();
+           context.map().zoomOutFurther();
          }
-       }
 
-       function validateInput({ center, radius, numberOfSegments }) {
-         validateCenter(center);
-         validateRadius(radius);
-         validateNumberOfSegments(numberOfSegments);
-       }
+         return function (selection) {
+           var tooltipBehavior = uiTooltip().placement(_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl' ? 'right' : 'left').title(function (d) {
+             if (d.disabled()) {
+               return d.disabledTitle;
+             }
 
-       var circleToPolygon = function circleToPolygon(center, radius, numberOfSegments) {
-         var n = numberOfSegments ? numberOfSegments : 32;
+             return d.title;
+           }).keys(function (d) {
+             return [d.key];
+           });
+           var lastPointerUpType;
+           var buttons = selection.selectAll('button').data(zooms).enter().append('button').attr('class', function (d) {
+             return d.id;
+           }).on('pointerup.editor', function (d3_event) {
+             lastPointerUpType = d3_event.pointerType;
+           }).on('click.editor', function (d3_event, d) {
+             if (!d.disabled()) {
+               d.action(d3_event);
+             } else if (lastPointerUpType === 'touch' || lastPointerUpType === 'pen') {
+               context.ui().flash.duration(2000).iconName('#' + d.icon).iconClass('disabled').label(d.disabledTitle)();
+             }
+
+             lastPointerUpType = null;
+           }).call(tooltipBehavior);
+           buttons.each(function (d) {
+             select(this).call(svgIcon('#' + d.icon, 'light'));
+           });
+           utilKeybinding.plusKeys.forEach(function (key) {
+             context.keybinding().on([key], zoomIn);
+             context.keybinding().on([uiCmd('⌥' + key)], zoomInFurther);
+           });
+           utilKeybinding.minusKeys.forEach(function (key) {
+             context.keybinding().on([key], zoomOut);
+             context.keybinding().on([uiCmd('⌥' + key)], zoomOutFurther);
+           });
 
-         // validateInput() throws error on invalid input and do nothing on valid input
-         validateInput({ center, radius, numberOfSegments });
+           function updateButtonStates() {
+             buttons.classed('disabled', function (d) {
+               return d.disabled();
+             }).each(function () {
+               var selection = select(this);
 
-         var coordinates = [];
-         for (var i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-           coordinates.push(offset(center, radius, (2 * Math.PI * -i) / n));
-         }
-         coordinates.push(coordinates[0]);
+               if (!selection.select('.tooltip.in').empty()) {
+                 selection.call(tooltipBehavior.updateContent);
+               }
+             });
+           }
 
-         return {
-           type: "Polygon",
-           coordinates: [coordinates]
+           updateButtonStates();
+           context.map().on('move.uiZoom', updateButtonStates);
          };
-       };
+       }
 
-       var geojsonPrecision = createCommonjsModule(function (module) {
-       (function() {
+       function uiZoomToSelection(context) {
+         function isDisabled() {
+           var mode = context.mode();
+           return !mode || !mode.zoomToSelected;
+         }
 
-         function parse(t, coordinatePrecision, extrasPrecision) {
+         var _lastPointerUpType;
 
-           function point(p) {
-             return p.map(function(e, index) {
-               if (index < 2) {
-                   return 1 * e.toFixed(coordinatePrecision);
-               } else {
-                   return 1 * e.toFixed(extrasPrecision);
-               }
-             });
-           }
+         function pointerup(d3_event) {
+           _lastPointerUpType = d3_event.pointerType;
+         }
 
-           function multi(l) {
-             return l.map(point);
-           }
+         function click(d3_event) {
+           d3_event.preventDefault();
 
-           function poly(p) {
-             return p.map(multi);
-           }
+           if (isDisabled()) {
+             if (_lastPointerUpType === 'touch' || _lastPointerUpType === 'pen') {
+               context.ui().flash.duration(2000).iconName('#iD-icon-framed-dot').iconClass('disabled').label(_t.html('inspector.zoom_to.no_selection'))();
+             }
+           } else {
+             var mode = context.mode();
 
-           function multiPoly(m) {
-             return m.map(poly);
+             if (mode && mode.zoomToSelected) {
+               mode.zoomToSelected();
+             }
            }
 
-           function geometry(obj) {
-             if (!obj) {
-               return {};
-             }
-             
-             switch (obj.type) {
-               case "Point":
-                 obj.coordinates = point(obj.coordinates);
-                 return obj;
-               case "LineString":
-               case "MultiPoint":
-                 obj.coordinates = multi(obj.coordinates);
-                 return obj;
-               case "Polygon":
-               case "MultiLineString":
-                 obj.coordinates = poly(obj.coordinates);
-                 return obj;
-               case "MultiPolygon":
-                 obj.coordinates = multiPoly(obj.coordinates);
-                 return obj;
-               case "GeometryCollection":
-                 obj.geometries = obj.geometries.map(geometry);
-                 return obj;
-               default :
-                 return {};
+           _lastPointerUpType = null;
+         }
+
+         return function (selection) {
+           var tooltipBehavior = uiTooltip().placement(_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl' ? 'right' : 'left').title(function () {
+             if (isDisabled()) {
+               return _t.html('inspector.zoom_to.no_selection');
              }
-           }
 
-           function feature(obj) {
-             obj.geometry = geometry(obj.geometry);
-             return obj
-           }
+             return _t.html('inspector.zoom_to.title');
+           }).keys([_t('inspector.zoom_to.key')]);
+           var button = selection.append('button').on('pointerup', pointerup).on('click', click).call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-framed-dot', 'light')).call(tooltipBehavior);
 
-           function featureCollection(f) {
-             f.features = f.features.map(feature);
-             return f;
-           }
+           function setEnabledState() {
+             button.classed('disabled', isDisabled());
 
-           function geometryCollection(g) {
-             g.geometries = g.geometries.map(geometry);
-             return g;
+             if (!button.select('.tooltip.in').empty()) {
+               button.call(tooltipBehavior.updateContent);
+             }
            }
 
-           if (!t) {
-             return t;
-           }
+           context.on('enter.uiZoomToSelection', setEnabledState);
+           setEnabledState();
+         };
+       }
 
-           switch (t.type) {
-             case "Feature":
-               return feature(t);
-             case "GeometryCollection" :
-               return geometryCollection(t);
-             case "FeatureCollection" :
-               return featureCollection(t);
-             case "Point":
-             case "LineString":
-             case "Polygon":
-             case "MultiPoint":
-             case "MultiPolygon":
-             case "MultiLineString":
-               return geometry(t);
-             default :
-               return t;
-           }
-             
-         }
+       function uiPane(id, context) {
+         var _key;
 
-         module.exports = parse;
-         module.exports.parse = parse;
+         var _label = '';
+         var _description = '';
+         var _iconName = '';
 
-       }());
-       });
+         var _sections; // array of uiSection objects
 
-       /* Polyfill service v3.13.0
-        * For detailed credits and licence information see http://github.com/financial-times/polyfill-service
-        *
-        * - Array.prototype.fill, License: CC0 */
 
-       if (!('fill' in Array.prototype)) {
-         Object.defineProperty(Array.prototype, 'fill', {
-           configurable: true,
-           value: function fill (value) {
-             if (this === undefined || this === null) {
-               throw new TypeError(this + ' is not an object')
-             }
+         var _paneSelection = select(null);
 
-             var arrayLike = Object(this);
+         var _paneTooltip;
 
-             var length = Math.max(Math.min(arrayLike.length, 9007199254740991), 0) || 0;
+         var pane = {
+           id: id
+         };
 
-             var relativeStart = 1 in arguments ? parseInt(Number(arguments[1]), 10) || 0 : 0;
+         pane.label = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _label;
+           _label = val;
+           return pane;
+         };
 
-             relativeStart = relativeStart < 0 ? Math.max(length + relativeStart, 0) : Math.min(relativeStart, length);
+         pane.key = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _key;
+           _key = val;
+           return pane;
+         };
 
-             var relativeEnd = 2 in arguments && arguments[2] !== undefined ? parseInt(Number(arguments[2]), 10) || 0 : length;
+         pane.description = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _description;
+           _description = val;
+           return pane;
+         };
 
-             relativeEnd = relativeEnd < 0 ? Math.max(length + arguments[2], 0) : Math.min(relativeEnd, length);
+         pane.iconName = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _iconName;
+           _iconName = val;
+           return pane;
+         };
 
-             while (relativeStart < relativeEnd) {
-               arrayLike[relativeStart] = value;
+         pane.sections = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _sections;
+           _sections = val;
+           return pane;
+         };
 
-               ++relativeStart;
-             }
+         pane.selection = function () {
+           return _paneSelection;
+         };
 
-             return arrayLike
-           },
-           writable: true
-         });
-       }
+         function hidePane() {
+           context.ui().togglePanes();
+         }
 
-       /**
-        * Polyfill for IE support
-        */
-       Number.isFinite = Number.isFinite || function (value) {
-         return typeof value === 'number' && isFinite(value)
-       };
+         pane.togglePane = function (d3_event) {
+           if (d3_event) d3_event.preventDefault();
 
-       Number.isInteger = Number.isInteger || function (val) {
-         return typeof val === 'number' &&
-         isFinite(val) &&
-         Math.floor(val) === val
-       };
+           _paneTooltip.hide();
 
-       Number.parseFloat = Number.parseFloat || parseFloat;
+           context.ui().togglePanes(!_paneSelection.classed('shown') ? _paneSelection : undefined);
+         };
 
-       Number.isNaN = Number.isNaN || function (value) {
-         return value !== value // eslint-disable-line
-       };
+         pane.renderToggleButton = function (selection) {
+           if (!_paneTooltip) {
+             _paneTooltip = uiTooltip().placement(_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl' ? 'right' : 'left').title(_description).keys([_key]);
+           }
 
-       /**
-        * Polyfill for IE support
-        */
-       Math.trunc = Math.trunc || function (x) {
-         return x < 0 ? Math.ceil(x) : Math.floor(x)
-       };
+           selection.append('button').on('click', pane.togglePane).call(svgIcon('#' + _iconName, 'light')).call(_paneTooltip);
+         };
 
-       var NumberUtil = function NumberUtil () {};
+         pane.renderContent = function (selection) {
+           // override to fully customize content
+           if (_sections) {
+             _sections.forEach(function (section) {
+               selection.call(section.render);
+             });
+           }
+         };
 
-       NumberUtil.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       NumberUtil.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return NumberUtil
-       };
-       NumberUtil.prototype.equalsWithTolerance = function equalsWithTolerance (x1, x2, tolerance) {
-         return Math.abs(x1 - x2) <= tolerance
-       };
+         pane.renderPane = function (selection) {
+           _paneSelection = selection.append('div').attr('class', 'fillL map-pane hide ' + id + '-pane').attr('pane', id);
 
-       var IllegalArgumentException = (function (Error) {
-               function IllegalArgumentException (message) {
-                       Error.call(this, message);
-                       this.name = 'IllegalArgumentException';
-                       this.message = message;
-                       this.stack = (new Error()).stack;
-               }
-
-               if ( Error ) IllegalArgumentException.__proto__ = Error;
-               IllegalArgumentException.prototype = Object.create( Error && Error.prototype );
-               IllegalArgumentException.prototype.constructor = IllegalArgumentException;
-
-               return IllegalArgumentException;
-       }(Error));
-
-       var Double = function Double () {};
-
-       var staticAccessors$1 = { MAX_VALUE: { configurable: true } };
-
-       Double.isNaN = function isNaN (n) { return Number.isNaN(n) };
-       Double.doubleToLongBits = function doubleToLongBits (n) { return n };
-       Double.longBitsToDouble = function longBitsToDouble (n) { return n };
-       Double.isInfinite = function isInfinite (n) { return !Number.isFinite(n) };
-       staticAccessors$1.MAX_VALUE.get = function () { return Number.MAX_VALUE };
-
-       Object.defineProperties( Double, staticAccessors$1 );
-
-       var Comparable = function Comparable () {};
-
-       var Clonable = function Clonable () {};
-
-       var Comparator = function Comparator () {};
-
-       function Serializable () {}
-
-       // import Assert from '../util/Assert'
-
-       var Coordinate = function Coordinate () {
-         this.x = null;
-         this.y = null;
-         this.z = null;
-         if (arguments.length === 0) {
-           this.x = 0.0;
-           this.y = 0.0;
-           this.z = Coordinate.NULL_ORDINATE;
-         } else if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var c = arguments[0];
-           this.x = c.x;
-           this.y = c.y;
-           this.z = c.z;
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           this.x = arguments[0];
-           this.y = arguments[1];
-           this.z = Coordinate.NULL_ORDINATE;
-         } else if (arguments.length === 3) {
-           this.x = arguments[0];
-           this.y = arguments[1];
-           this.z = arguments[2];
-         }
-       };
+           var heading = _paneSelection.append('div').attr('class', 'pane-heading');
 
-       var staticAccessors = { DimensionalComparator: { configurable: true },serialVersionUID: { configurable: true },NULL_ORDINATE: { configurable: true },X: { configurable: true },Y: { configurable: true },Z: { configurable: true } };
-       Coordinate.prototype.setOrdinate = function setOrdinate (ordinateIndex, value) {
-         switch (ordinateIndex) {
-           case Coordinate.X:
-             this.x = value;
-             break
-           case Coordinate.Y:
-             this.y = value;
-             break
-           case Coordinate.Z:
-             this.z = value;
-             break
-           default:
-             throw new IllegalArgumentException('Invalid ordinate index: ' + ordinateIndex)
-         }
-       };
-       Coordinate.prototype.equals2D = function equals2D () {
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var other = arguments[0];
-           if (this.x !== other.x) {
-             return false
-           }
-           if (this.y !== other.y) {
-             return false
-           }
-           return true
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var c = arguments[0];
-           var tolerance = arguments[1];
-           if (!NumberUtil.equalsWithTolerance(this.x, c.x, tolerance)) {
-             return false
-           }
-           if (!NumberUtil.equalsWithTolerance(this.y, c.y, tolerance)) {
-             return false
-           }
-           return true
-         }
-       };
-       Coordinate.prototype.getOrdinate = function getOrdinate (ordinateIndex) {
-         switch (ordinateIndex) {
-           case Coordinate.X:
-             return this.x
-           case Coordinate.Y:
-             return this.y
-           case Coordinate.Z:
-             return this.z
-         }
-         throw new IllegalArgumentException('Invalid ordinate index: ' + ordinateIndex)
-       };
-       Coordinate.prototype.equals3D = function equals3D (other) {
-         return this.x === other.x &&
-                this.y === other.y &&
-                ((this.z === other.z || Double.isNaN(this.z)) &&
-                Double.isNaN(other.z))
-       };
-       Coordinate.prototype.equals = function equals (other) {
-         if (!(other instanceof Coordinate)) {
-           return false
-         }
-         return this.equals2D(other)
-       };
-       Coordinate.prototype.equalInZ = function equalInZ (c, tolerance) {
-         return NumberUtil.equalsWithTolerance(this.z, c.z, tolerance)
-       };
-       Coordinate.prototype.compareTo = function compareTo (o) {
-         var other = o;
-         if (this.x < other.x) { return -1 }
-         if (this.x > other.x) { return 1 }
-         if (this.y < other.y) { return -1 }
-         if (this.y > other.y) { return 1 }
-         return 0
-       };
-       Coordinate.prototype.clone = function clone () {
-         // try {
-         // var coord = null
-         // return coord
-         // } catch (e) {
-         // if (e instanceof CloneNotSupportedException) {
-         //   Assert.shouldNeverReachHere("this shouldn't happen because this class is Cloneable")
-         //   return null
-         // } else throw e
-         // } finally {}
-       };
-       Coordinate.prototype.copy = function copy () {
-         return new Coordinate(this)
-       };
-       Coordinate.prototype.toString = function toString () {
-         return '(' + this.x + ', ' + this.y + ', ' + this.z + ')'
-       };
-       Coordinate.prototype.distance3D = function distance3D (c) {
-         var dx = this.x - c.x;
-         var dy = this.y - c.y;
-         var dz = this.z - c.z;
-         return Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy + dz * dz)
-       };
-       Coordinate.prototype.distance = function distance (c) {
-         var dx = this.x - c.x;
-         var dy = this.y - c.y;
-         return Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy)
-       };
-       Coordinate.prototype.hashCode = function hashCode () {
-         var result = 17;
-         result = 37 * result + Coordinate.hashCode(this.x);
-         result = 37 * result + Coordinate.hashCode(this.y);
-         return result
-       };
-       Coordinate.prototype.setCoordinate = function setCoordinate (other) {
-         this.x = other.x;
-         this.y = other.y;
-         this.z = other.z;
-       };
-       Coordinate.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [Comparable, Clonable, Serializable]
-       };
-       Coordinate.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return Coordinate
-       };
-       Coordinate.hashCode = function hashCode () {
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var x = arguments[0];
-           var f = Double.doubleToLongBits(x);
-           return Math.trunc((f ^ f) >>> 32)
-         }
-       };
-       staticAccessors.DimensionalComparator.get = function () { return DimensionalComparator };
-       staticAccessors.serialVersionUID.get = function () { return 6683108902428366910 };
-       staticAccessors.NULL_ORDINATE.get = function () { return Double.NaN };
-       staticAccessors.X.get = function () { return 0 };
-       staticAccessors.Y.get = function () { return 1 };
-       staticAccessors.Z.get = function () { return 2 };
-
-       Object.defineProperties( Coordinate, staticAccessors );
-
-       var DimensionalComparator = function DimensionalComparator (dimensionsToTest) {
-         this._dimensionsToTest = 2;
-         if (arguments.length === 0) ; else if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var dimensionsToTest$1 = arguments[0];
-           if (dimensionsToTest$1 !== 2 && dimensionsToTest$1 !== 3) { throw new IllegalArgumentException('only 2 or 3 dimensions may be specified') }
-           this._dimensionsToTest = dimensionsToTest$1;
-         }
-       };
-       DimensionalComparator.prototype.compare = function compare (o1, o2) {
-         var c1 = o1;
-         var c2 = o2;
-         var compX = DimensionalComparator.compare(c1.x, c2.x);
-         if (compX !== 0) { return compX }
-         var compY = DimensionalComparator.compare(c1.y, c2.y);
-         if (compY !== 0) { return compY }
-         if (this._dimensionsToTest <= 2) { return 0 }
-         var compZ = DimensionalComparator.compare(c1.z, c2.z);
-         return compZ
-       };
-       DimensionalComparator.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [Comparator]
-       };
-       DimensionalComparator.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return DimensionalComparator
-       };
-       DimensionalComparator.compare = function compare (a, b) {
-         if (a < b) { return -1 }
-         if (a > b) { return 1 }
-         if (Double.isNaN(a)) {
-           if (Double.isNaN(b)) { return 0 }
-           return -1
-         }
-         if (Double.isNaN(b)) { return 1 }
-         return 0
-       };
+           heading.append('h2').html(_label);
+           heading.append('button').on('click', hidePane).call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-close'));
 
-       // import hasInterface from '../../../../hasInterface'
-       // import CoordinateSequence from './CoordinateSequence'
+           _paneSelection.append('div').attr('class', 'pane-content').call(pane.renderContent);
 
-       var CoordinateSequenceFactory = function CoordinateSequenceFactory () {};
+           if (_key) {
+             context.keybinding().on(_key, pane.togglePane);
+           }
+         };
 
-       CoordinateSequenceFactory.prototype.create = function create () {
-         // if (arguments.length === 1) {
-         // if (arguments[0] instanceof Array) {
-         //   let coordinates = arguments[0]
-         // } else if (hasInterface(arguments[0], CoordinateSequence)) {
-         //   let coordSeq = arguments[0]
-         // }
-         // } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-         // let size = arguments[0]
-         // let dimension = arguments[1]
-         // }
-       };
-       CoordinateSequenceFactory.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       CoordinateSequenceFactory.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return CoordinateSequenceFactory
-       };
+         return pane;
+       }
 
-       var Location = function Location () {};
+       function uiSectionBackgroundDisplayOptions(context) {
+         var section = uiSection('background-display-options', context).label(_t.html('background.display_options')).disclosureContent(renderDisclosureContent);
 
-       var staticAccessors$4 = { INTERIOR: { configurable: true },BOUNDARY: { configurable: true },EXTERIOR: { configurable: true },NONE: { configurable: true } };
+         var _detected = utilDetect();
 
-       Location.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       Location.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return Location
-       };
-       Location.toLocationSymbol = function toLocationSymbol (locationValue) {
-         switch (locationValue) {
-           case Location.EXTERIOR:
-             return 'e'
-           case Location.BOUNDARY:
-             return 'b'
-           case Location.INTERIOR:
-             return 'i'
-           case Location.NONE:
-             return '-'
-         }
-         throw new IllegalArgumentException('Unknown location value: ' + locationValue)
-       };
-       staticAccessors$4.INTERIOR.get = function () { return 0 };
-       staticAccessors$4.BOUNDARY.get = function () { return 1 };
-       staticAccessors$4.EXTERIOR.get = function () { return 2 };
-       staticAccessors$4.NONE.get = function () { return -1 };
+         var _storedOpacity = corePreferences('background-opacity');
 
-       Object.defineProperties( Location, staticAccessors$4 );
+         var _minVal = 0;
 
-       var hasInterface = function (o, i) {
-         return o.interfaces_ && o.interfaces_().indexOf(i) > -1
-       };
+         var _maxVal = _detected.cssfilters ? 3 : 1;
 
-       var MathUtil = function MathUtil () {};
+         var _sliders = _detected.cssfilters ? ['brightness', 'contrast', 'saturation', 'sharpness'] : ['brightness'];
 
-       var staticAccessors$5 = { LOG_10: { configurable: true } };
+         var _options = {
+           brightness: _storedOpacity !== null ? +_storedOpacity : 1,
+           contrast: 1,
+           saturation: 1,
+           sharpness: 1
+         };
 
-       MathUtil.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       MathUtil.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return MathUtil
-       };
-       MathUtil.log10 = function log10 (x) {
-         var ln = Math.log(x);
-         if (Double.isInfinite(ln)) { return ln }
-         if (Double.isNaN(ln)) { return ln }
-         return ln / MathUtil.LOG_10
-       };
-       MathUtil.min = function min (v1, v2, v3, v4) {
-         var min = v1;
-         if (v2 < min) { min = v2; }
-         if (v3 < min) { min = v3; }
-         if (v4 < min) { min = v4; }
-         return min
-       };
-       MathUtil.clamp = function clamp () {
-         if (typeof arguments[2] === 'number' && (typeof arguments[0] === 'number' && typeof arguments[1] === 'number')) {
-           var x = arguments[0];
-           var min = arguments[1];
-           var max = arguments[2];
-           if (x < min) { return min }
-           if (x > max) { return max }
-           return x
-         } else if (Number.isInteger(arguments[2]) && (Number.isInteger(arguments[0]) && Number.isInteger(arguments[1]))) {
-           var x$1 = arguments[0];
-           var min$1 = arguments[1];
-           var max$1 = arguments[2];
-           if (x$1 < min$1) { return min$1 }
-           if (x$1 > max$1) { return max$1 }
-           return x$1
-         }
-       };
-       MathUtil.wrap = function wrap (index, max) {
-         if (index < 0) {
-           return max - -index % max
+         function clamp(x, min, max) {
+           return Math.max(min, Math.min(x, max));
          }
-         return index % max
-       };
-       MathUtil.max = function max () {
-         if (arguments.length === 3) {
-           var v1 = arguments[0];
-           var v2 = arguments[1];
-           var v3 = arguments[2];
-           var max = v1;
-           if (v2 > max) { max = v2; }
-           if (v3 > max) { max = v3; }
-           return max
-         } else if (arguments.length === 4) {
-           var v1$1 = arguments[0];
-           var v2$1 = arguments[1];
-           var v3$1 = arguments[2];
-           var v4 = arguments[3];
-           var max$1 = v1$1;
-           if (v2$1 > max$1) { max$1 = v2$1; }
-           if (v3$1 > max$1) { max$1 = v3$1; }
-           if (v4 > max$1) { max$1 = v4; }
-           return max$1
+
+         function updateValue(d, val) {
+           val = clamp(val, _minVal, _maxVal);
+           _options[d] = val;
+           context.background()[d](val);
+
+           if (d === 'brightness') {
+             corePreferences('background-opacity', val);
+           }
+
+           section.reRender();
          }
-       };
-       MathUtil.average = function average (x1, x2) {
-         return (x1 + x2) / 2.0
-       };
-       staticAccessors$5.LOG_10.get = function () { return Math.log(10) };
 
-       Object.defineProperties( MathUtil, staticAccessors$5 );
+         function renderDisclosureContent(selection) {
+           var container = selection.selectAll('.display-options-container').data([0]);
+           var containerEnter = container.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'display-options-container controls-list'); // add slider controls
 
-       var StringBuffer = function StringBuffer (str) {
-         this.str = str;
-       };
-       StringBuffer.prototype.append = function append (e) {
-         this.str += e;
-       };
+           var slidersEnter = containerEnter.selectAll('.display-control').data(_sliders).enter().append('div').attr('class', function (d) {
+             return 'display-control display-control-' + d;
+           });
+           slidersEnter.append('h5').html(function (d) {
+             return _t.html('background.' + d);
+           }).append('span').attr('class', function (d) {
+             return 'display-option-value display-option-value-' + d;
+           });
+           var sildersControlEnter = slidersEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'control-wrap');
+           sildersControlEnter.append('input').attr('class', function (d) {
+             return 'display-option-input display-option-input-' + d;
+           }).attr('type', 'range').attr('min', _minVal).attr('max', _maxVal).attr('step', '0.05').on('input', function (d3_event, d) {
+             var val = select(this).property('value');
 
-       StringBuffer.prototype.setCharAt = function setCharAt (i, c) {
-         this.str = this.str.substr(0, i) + c + this.str.substr(i + 1);
-       };
+             if (!val && d3_event && d3_event.target) {
+               val = d3_event.target.value;
+             }
 
-       StringBuffer.prototype.toString = function toString (e) {
-         return this.str
-       };
+             updateValue(d, val);
+           });
+           sildersControlEnter.append('button').attr('title', _t('background.reset')).attr('class', function (d) {
+             return 'display-option-reset display-option-reset-' + d;
+           }).on('click', function (d3_event, d) {
+             if (d3_event.button !== 0) return;
+             updateValue(d, 1);
+           }).call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-' + (_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl' ? 'redo' : 'undo'))); // reset all button
 
-       var Integer = function Integer (value) {
-         this.value = value;
-       };
-       Integer.prototype.intValue = function intValue () {
-         return this.value
-       };
-       Integer.prototype.compareTo = function compareTo (o) {
-         if (this.value < o) { return -1 }
-         if (this.value > o) { return 1 }
-         return 0
-       };
-       Integer.isNaN = function isNaN (n) { return Number.isNaN(n) };
-
-       var Character = function Character () {};
-
-       Character.isWhitespace = function isWhitespace (c) { return ((c <= 32 && c >= 0) || c === 127) };
-       Character.toUpperCase = function toUpperCase (c) { return c.toUpperCase() };
-
-       var DD = function DD () {
-         this._hi = 0.0;
-         this._lo = 0.0;
-         if (arguments.length === 0) {
-           this.init(0.0);
-         } else if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           if (typeof arguments[0] === 'number') {
-             var x = arguments[0];
-             this.init(x);
-           } else if (arguments[0] instanceof DD) {
-             var dd = arguments[0];
-             this.init(dd);
-           } else if (typeof arguments[0] === 'string') {
-             var str = arguments[0];
-             DD.call(this, DD.parse(str));
-           }
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var hi = arguments[0];
-           var lo = arguments[1];
-           this.init(hi, lo);
-         }
-       };
+           containerEnter.append('a').attr('class', 'display-option-resetlink').attr('href', '#').html(_t.html('background.reset_all')).on('click', function (d3_event) {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
 
-       var staticAccessors$7 = { PI: { configurable: true },TWO_PI: { configurable: true },PI_2: { configurable: true },E: { configurable: true },NaN: { configurable: true },EPS: { configurable: true },SPLIT: { configurable: true },MAX_PRINT_DIGITS: { configurable: true },TEN: { configurable: true },ONE: { configurable: true },SCI_NOT_EXPONENT_CHAR: { configurable: true },SCI_NOT_ZERO: { configurable: true } };
-       DD.prototype.le = function le (y) {
-         return (this._hi < y._hi || this._hi === y._hi) && this._lo <= y._lo
-       };
-       DD.prototype.extractSignificantDigits = function extractSignificantDigits (insertDecimalPoint, magnitude) {
-         var y = this.abs();
-         var mag = DD.magnitude(y._hi);
-         var scale = DD.TEN.pow(mag);
-         y = y.divide(scale);
-         if (y.gt(DD.TEN)) {
-           y = y.divide(DD.TEN);
-           mag += 1;
-         } else if (y.lt(DD.ONE)) {
-           y = y.multiply(DD.TEN);
-           mag -= 1;
-         }
-         var decimalPointPos = mag + 1;
-         var buf = new StringBuffer();
-         var numDigits = DD.MAX_PRINT_DIGITS - 1;
-         for (var i = 0; i <= numDigits; i++) {
-           if (insertDecimalPoint && i === decimalPointPos) {
-             buf.append('.');
-           }
-           var digit = Math.trunc(y._hi);
-           if (digit < 0) {
-             break
-           }
-           var rebiasBy10 = false;
-           var digitChar = 0;
-           if (digit > 9) {
-             rebiasBy10 = true;
-             digitChar = '9';
-           } else {
-             digitChar = '0' + digit;
-           }
-           buf.append(digitChar);
-           y = y.subtract(DD.valueOf(digit)).multiply(DD.TEN);
-           if (rebiasBy10) { y.selfAdd(DD.TEN); }
-           var continueExtractingDigits = true;
-           var remMag = DD.magnitude(y._hi);
-           if (remMag < 0 && Math.abs(remMag) >= numDigits - i) { continueExtractingDigits = false; }
-           if (!continueExtractingDigits) { break }
-         }
-         magnitude[0] = mag;
-         return buf.toString()
-       };
-       DD.prototype.sqr = function sqr () {
-         return this.multiply(this)
-       };
-       DD.prototype.doubleValue = function doubleValue () {
-         return this._hi + this._lo
-       };
-       DD.prototype.subtract = function subtract () {
-         if (arguments[0] instanceof DD) {
-           var y = arguments[0];
-           return this.add(y.negate())
-         } else if (typeof arguments[0] === 'number') {
-           var y$1 = arguments[0];
-           return this.add(-y$1)
-         }
-       };
-       DD.prototype.equals = function equals () {
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var y = arguments[0];
-           return this._hi === y._hi && this._lo === y._lo
-         }
-       };
-       DD.prototype.isZero = function isZero () {
-         return this._hi === 0.0 && this._lo === 0.0
-       };
-       DD.prototype.selfSubtract = function selfSubtract () {
-         if (arguments[0] instanceof DD) {
-           var y = arguments[0];
-           if (this.isNaN()) { return this }
-           return this.selfAdd(-y._hi, -y._lo)
-         } else if (typeof arguments[0] === 'number') {
-           var y$1 = arguments[0];
-           if (this.isNaN()) { return this }
-           return this.selfAdd(-y$1, 0.0)
-         }
-       };
-       DD.prototype.getSpecialNumberString = function getSpecialNumberString () {
-         if (this.isZero()) { return '0.0' }
-         if (this.isNaN()) { return 'NaN ' }
-         return null
-       };
-       DD.prototype.min = function min (x) {
-         if (this.le(x)) {
-           return this
-         } else {
-           return x
-         }
-       };
-       DD.prototype.selfDivide = function selfDivide () {
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           if (arguments[0] instanceof DD) {
-             var y = arguments[0];
-             return this.selfDivide(y._hi, y._lo)
-           } else if (typeof arguments[0] === 'number') {
-             var y$1 = arguments[0];
-             return this.selfDivide(y$1, 0.0)
-           }
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var yhi = arguments[0];
-           var ylo = arguments[1];
-           var hc = null;
-           var tc = null;
-           var hy = null;
-           var ty = null;
-           var C = null;
-           var c = null;
-           var U = null;
-           var u = null;
-           C = this._hi / yhi;
-           c = DD.SPLIT * C;
-           hc = c - C;
-           u = DD.SPLIT * yhi;
-           hc = c - hc;
-           tc = C - hc;
-           hy = u - yhi;
-           U = C * yhi;
-           hy = u - hy;
-           ty = yhi - hy;
-           u = hc * hy - U + hc * ty + tc * hy + tc * ty;
-           c = (this._hi - U - u + this._lo - C * ylo) / yhi;
-           u = C + c;
-           this._hi = u;
-           this._lo = C - u + c;
-           return this
-         }
-       };
-       DD.prototype.dump = function dump () {
-         return 'DD<' + this._hi + ', ' + this._lo + '>'
-       };
-       DD.prototype.divide = function divide () {
-         if (arguments[0] instanceof DD) {
-           var y = arguments[0];
-           var hc = null;
-           var tc = null;
-           var hy = null;
-           var ty = null;
-           var C = null;
-           var c = null;
-           var U = null;
-           var u = null;
-           C = this._hi / y._hi;
-           c = DD.SPLIT * C;
-           hc = c - C;
-           u = DD.SPLIT * y._hi;
-           hc = c - hc;
-           tc = C - hc;
-           hy = u - y._hi;
-           U = C * y._hi;
-           hy = u - hy;
-           ty = y._hi - hy;
-           u = hc * hy - U + hc * ty + tc * hy + tc * ty;
-           c = (this._hi - U - u + this._lo - C * y._lo) / y._hi;
-           u = C + c;
-           var zhi = u;
-           var zlo = C - u + c;
-           return new DD(zhi, zlo)
-         } else if (typeof arguments[0] === 'number') {
-           var y$1 = arguments[0];
-           if (Double.isNaN(y$1)) { return DD.createNaN() }
-           return DD.copy(this).selfDivide(y$1, 0.0)
-         }
-       };
-       DD.prototype.ge = function ge (y) {
-         return (this._hi > y._hi || this._hi === y._hi) && this._lo >= y._lo
-       };
-       DD.prototype.pow = function pow (exp) {
-         if (exp === 0.0) { return DD.valueOf(1.0) }
-         var r = new DD(this);
-         var s = DD.valueOf(1.0);
-         var n = Math.abs(exp);
-         if (n > 1) {
-           while (n > 0) {
-             if (n % 2 === 1) {
-               s.selfMultiply(r);
-             }
-             n /= 2;
-             if (n > 0) { r = r.sqr(); }
-           }
-         } else {
-           s = r;
-         }
-         if (exp < 0) { return s.reciprocal() }
-         return s
-       };
-       DD.prototype.ceil = function ceil () {
-         if (this.isNaN()) { return DD.NaN }
-         var fhi = Math.ceil(this._hi);
-         var flo = 0.0;
-         if (fhi === this._hi) {
-           flo = Math.ceil(this._lo);
-         }
-         return new DD(fhi, flo)
-       };
-       DD.prototype.compareTo = function compareTo (o) {
-         var other = o;
-         if (this._hi < other._hi) { return -1 }
-         if (this._hi > other._hi) { return 1 }
-         if (this._lo < other._lo) { return -1 }
-         if (this._lo > other._lo) { return 1 }
-         return 0
-       };
-       DD.prototype.rint = function rint () {
-         if (this.isNaN()) { return this }
-         var plus5 = this.add(0.5);
-         return plus5.floor()
-       };
-       DD.prototype.setValue = function setValue () {
-         if (arguments[0] instanceof DD) {
-           var value = arguments[0];
-           this.init(value);
-           return this
-         } else if (typeof arguments[0] === 'number') {
-           var value$1 = arguments[0];
-           this.init(value$1);
-           return this
-         }
-       };
-       DD.prototype.max = function max (x) {
-         if (this.ge(x)) {
-           return this
-         } else {
-           return x
-         }
-       };
-       DD.prototype.sqrt = function sqrt () {
-         if (this.isZero()) { return DD.valueOf(0.0) }
-         if (this.isNegative()) {
-           return DD.NaN
-         }
-         var x = 1.0 / Math.sqrt(this._hi);
-         var ax = this._hi * x;
-         var axdd = DD.valueOf(ax);
-         var diffSq = this.subtract(axdd.sqr());
-         var d2 = diffSq._hi * (x * 0.5);
-         return axdd.add(d2)
-       };
-       DD.prototype.selfAdd = function selfAdd () {
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           if (arguments[0] instanceof DD) {
-             var y = arguments[0];
-             return this.selfAdd(y._hi, y._lo)
-           } else if (typeof arguments[0] === 'number') {
-             var y$1 = arguments[0];
-             var H = null;
-             var h = null;
-             var S = null;
-             var s = null;
-             var e = null;
-             var f = null;
-             S = this._hi + y$1;
-             e = S - this._hi;
-             s = S - e;
-             s = y$1 - e + (this._hi - s);
-             f = s + this._lo;
-             H = S + f;
-             h = f + (S - H);
-             this._hi = H + h;
-             this._lo = h + (H - this._hi);
-             return this
-           }
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var yhi = arguments[0];
-           var ylo = arguments[1];
-           var H$1 = null;
-           var h$1 = null;
-           var T = null;
-           var t = null;
-           var S$1 = null;
-           var s$1 = null;
-           var e$1 = null;
-           var f$1 = null;
-           S$1 = this._hi + yhi;
-           T = this._lo + ylo;
-           e$1 = S$1 - this._hi;
-           f$1 = T - this._lo;
-           s$1 = S$1 - e$1;
-           t = T - f$1;
-           s$1 = yhi - e$1 + (this._hi - s$1);
-           t = ylo - f$1 + (this._lo - t);
-           e$1 = s$1 + T;
-           H$1 = S$1 + e$1;
-           h$1 = e$1 + (S$1 - H$1);
-           e$1 = t + h$1;
-           var zhi = H$1 + e$1;
-           var zlo = e$1 + (H$1 - zhi);
-           this._hi = zhi;
-           this._lo = zlo;
-           return this
-         }
-       };
-       DD.prototype.selfMultiply = function selfMultiply () {
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           if (arguments[0] instanceof DD) {
-             var y = arguments[0];
-             return this.selfMultiply(y._hi, y._lo)
-           } else if (typeof arguments[0] === 'number') {
-             var y$1 = arguments[0];
-             return this.selfMultiply(y$1, 0.0)
-           }
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var yhi = arguments[0];
-           var ylo = arguments[1];
-           var hx = null;
-           var tx = null;
-           var hy = null;
-           var ty = null;
-           var C = null;
-           var c = null;
-           C = DD.SPLIT * this._hi;
-           hx = C - this._hi;
-           c = DD.SPLIT * yhi;
-           hx = C - hx;
-           tx = this._hi - hx;
-           hy = c - yhi;
-           C = this._hi * yhi;
-           hy = c - hy;
-           ty = yhi - hy;
-           c = hx * hy - C + hx * ty + tx * hy + tx * ty + (this._hi * ylo + this._lo * yhi);
-           var zhi = C + c;
-           hx = C - zhi;
-           var zlo = c + hx;
-           this._hi = zhi;
-           this._lo = zlo;
-           return this
-         }
-       };
-       DD.prototype.selfSqr = function selfSqr () {
-         return this.selfMultiply(this)
-       };
-       DD.prototype.floor = function floor () {
-         if (this.isNaN()) { return DD.NaN }
-         var fhi = Math.floor(this._hi);
-         var flo = 0.0;
-         if (fhi === this._hi) {
-           flo = Math.floor(this._lo);
-         }
-         return new DD(fhi, flo)
-       };
-       DD.prototype.negate = function negate () {
-         if (this.isNaN()) { return this }
-         return new DD(-this._hi, -this._lo)
-       };
-       DD.prototype.clone = function clone () {
-         // try {
-         // return null
-         // } catch (ex) {
-         // if (ex instanceof CloneNotSupportedException) {
-         //   return null
-         // } else throw ex
-         // } finally {}
-       };
-       DD.prototype.multiply = function multiply () {
-         if (arguments[0] instanceof DD) {
-           var y = arguments[0];
-           if (y.isNaN()) { return DD.createNaN() }
-           return DD.copy(this).selfMultiply(y)
-         } else if (typeof arguments[0] === 'number') {
-           var y$1 = arguments[0];
-           if (Double.isNaN(y$1)) { return DD.createNaN() }
-           return DD.copy(this).selfMultiply(y$1, 0.0)
-         }
-       };
-       DD.prototype.isNaN = function isNaN () {
-         return Double.isNaN(this._hi)
-       };
-       DD.prototype.intValue = function intValue () {
-         return Math.trunc(this._hi)
-       };
-       DD.prototype.toString = function toString () {
-         var mag = DD.magnitude(this._hi);
-         if (mag >= -3 && mag <= 20) { return this.toStandardNotation() }
-         return this.toSciNotation()
-       };
-       DD.prototype.toStandardNotation = function toStandardNotation () {
-         var specialStr = this.getSpecialNumberString();
-         if (specialStr !== null) { return specialStr }
-         var magnitude = new Array(1).fill(null);
-         var sigDigits = this.extractSignificantDigits(true, magnitude);
-         var decimalPointPos = magnitude[0] + 1;
-         var num = sigDigits;
-         if (sigDigits.charAt(0) === '.') {
-           num = '0' + sigDigits;
-         } else if (decimalPointPos < 0) {
-           num = '0.' + DD.stringOfChar('0', -decimalPointPos) + sigDigits;
-         } else if (sigDigits.indexOf('.') === -1) {
-           var numZeroes = decimalPointPos - sigDigits.length;
-           var zeroes = DD.stringOfChar('0', numZeroes);
-           num = sigDigits + zeroes + '.0';
-         }
-         if (this.isNegative()) { return '-' + num }
-         return num
-       };
-       DD.prototype.reciprocal = function reciprocal () {
-         var hc = null;
-         var tc = null;
-         var hy = null;
-         var ty = null;
-         var C = null;
-         var c = null;
-         var U = null;
-         var u = null;
-         C = 1.0 / this._hi;
-         c = DD.SPLIT * C;
-         hc = c - C;
-         u = DD.SPLIT * this._hi;
-         hc = c - hc;
-         tc = C - hc;
-         hy = u - this._hi;
-         U = C * this._hi;
-         hy = u - hy;
-         ty = this._hi - hy;
-         u = hc * hy - U + hc * ty + tc * hy + tc * ty;
-         c = (1.0 - U - u - C * this._lo) / this._hi;
-         var zhi = C + c;
-         var zlo = C - zhi + c;
-         return new DD(zhi, zlo)
-       };
-       DD.prototype.toSciNotation = function toSciNotation () {
-         if (this.isZero()) { return DD.SCI_NOT_ZERO }
-         var specialStr = this.getSpecialNumberString();
-         if (specialStr !== null) { return specialStr }
-         var magnitude = new Array(1).fill(null);
-         var digits = this.extractSignificantDigits(false, magnitude);
-         var expStr = DD.SCI_NOT_EXPONENT_CHAR + magnitude[0];
-         if (digits.charAt(0) === '0') {
-           throw new Error('Found leading zero: ' + digits)
-         }
-         var trailingDigits = '';
-         if (digits.length > 1) { trailingDigits = digits.substring(1); }
-         var digitsWithDecimal = digits.charAt(0) + '.' + trailingDigits;
-         if (this.isNegative()) { return '-' + digitsWithDecimal + expStr }
-         return digitsWithDecimal + expStr
-       };
-       DD.prototype.abs = function abs () {
-         if (this.isNaN()) { return DD.NaN }
-         if (this.isNegative()) { return this.negate() }
-         return new DD(this)
-       };
-       DD.prototype.isPositive = function isPositive () {
-         return (this._hi > 0.0 || this._hi === 0.0) && this._lo > 0.0
-       };
-       DD.prototype.lt = function lt (y) {
-         return (this._hi < y._hi || this._hi === y._hi) && this._lo < y._lo
-       };
-       DD.prototype.add = function add () {
-         if (arguments[0] instanceof DD) {
-           var y = arguments[0];
-           return DD.copy(this).selfAdd(y)
-         } else if (typeof arguments[0] === 'number') {
-           var y$1 = arguments[0];
-           return DD.copy(this).selfAdd(y$1)
-         }
-       };
-       DD.prototype.init = function init () {
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           if (typeof arguments[0] === 'number') {
-             var x = arguments[0];
-             this._hi = x;
-             this._lo = 0.0;
-           } else if (arguments[0] instanceof DD) {
-             var dd = arguments[0];
-             this._hi = dd._hi;
-             this._lo = dd._lo;
-           }
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var hi = arguments[0];
-           var lo = arguments[1];
-           this._hi = hi;
-           this._lo = lo;
-         }
-       };
-       DD.prototype.gt = function gt (y) {
-         return (this._hi > y._hi || this._hi === y._hi) && this._lo > y._lo
-       };
-       DD.prototype.isNegative = function isNegative () {
-         return (this._hi < 0.0 || this._hi === 0.0) && this._lo < 0.0
-       };
-       DD.prototype.trunc = function trunc () {
-         if (this.isNaN()) { return DD.NaN }
-         if (this.isPositive()) { return this.floor(); } else { return this.ceil() }
-       };
-       DD.prototype.signum = function signum () {
-         if (this._hi > 0) { return 1 }
-         if (this._hi < 0) { return -1 }
-         if (this._lo > 0) { return 1 }
-         if (this._lo < 0) { return -1 }
-         return 0
-       };
-       DD.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [Serializable, Comparable, Clonable]
-       };
-       DD.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return DD
-       };
-       DD.sqr = function sqr (x) {
-         return DD.valueOf(x).selfMultiply(x)
-       };
-       DD.valueOf = function valueOf () {
-         if (typeof arguments[0] === 'string') {
-           var str = arguments[0];
-           return DD.parse(str)
-         } else if (typeof arguments[0] === 'number') {
-           var x = arguments[0];
-           return new DD(x)
-         }
-       };
-       DD.sqrt = function sqrt (x) {
-         return DD.valueOf(x).sqrt()
-       };
-       DD.parse = function parse (str) {
-         var i = 0;
-         var strlen = str.length;
-         while (Character.isWhitespace(str.charAt(i))) { i++; }
-         var isNegative = false;
-         if (i < strlen) {
-           var signCh = str.charAt(i);
-           if (signCh === '-' || signCh === '+') {
-             i++;
-             if (signCh === '-') { isNegative = true; }
+             for (var i = 0; i < _sliders.length; i++) {
+               updateValue(_sliders[i], 1);
+             }
+           }); // update
+
+           container = containerEnter.merge(container);
+           container.selectAll('.display-option-input').property('value', function (d) {
+             return _options[d];
+           });
+           container.selectAll('.display-option-value').html(function (d) {
+             return Math.floor(_options[d] * 100) + '%';
+           });
+           container.selectAll('.display-option-reset').classed('disabled', function (d) {
+             return _options[d] === 1;
+           }); // first time only, set brightness if needed
+
+           if (containerEnter.size() && _options.brightness !== 1) {
+             context.background().brightness(_options.brightness);
            }
          }
-         var val = new DD();
-         var numDigits = 0;
-         var numBeforeDec = 0;
-         var exp = 0;
-         while (true) {
-           if (i >= strlen) { break }
-           var ch = str.charAt(i);
-           i++;
-           if (Character.isDigit(ch)) {
-             var d = ch - '0';
-             val.selfMultiply(DD.TEN);
-             val.selfAdd(d);
-             numDigits++;
-             continue
-           }
-           if (ch === '.') {
-             numBeforeDec = numDigits;
-             continue
-           }
-           if (ch === 'e' || ch === 'E') {
-             var expStr = str.substring(i);
-             try {
-               exp = Integer.parseInt(expStr);
-             } catch (ex) {
-               if (ex instanceof Error) {
-                 throw new Error('Invalid exponent ' + expStr + ' in string ' + str)
-               } else { throw ex }
-             } finally {}
-             break
-           }
-           throw new Error("Unexpected character '" + ch + "' at position " + i + ' in string ' + str)
-         }
-         var val2 = val;
-         var numDecPlaces = numDigits - numBeforeDec - exp;
-         if (numDecPlaces === 0) {
-           val2 = val;
-         } else if (numDecPlaces > 0) {
-           var scale = DD.TEN.pow(numDecPlaces);
-           val2 = val.divide(scale);
-         } else if (numDecPlaces < 0) {
-           var scale$1 = DD.TEN.pow(-numDecPlaces);
-           val2 = val.multiply(scale$1);
-         }
-         if (isNegative) {
-           return val2.negate()
-         }
-         return val2
-       };
-       DD.createNaN = function createNaN () {
-         return new DD(Double.NaN, Double.NaN)
-       };
-       DD.copy = function copy (dd) {
-         return new DD(dd)
-       };
-       DD.magnitude = function magnitude (x) {
-         var xAbs = Math.abs(x);
-         var xLog10 = Math.log(xAbs) / Math.log(10);
-         var xMag = Math.trunc(Math.floor(xLog10));
-         var xApprox = Math.pow(10, xMag);
-         if (xApprox * 10 <= xAbs) { xMag += 1; }
-         return xMag
-       };
-       DD.stringOfChar = function stringOfChar (ch, len) {
-         var buf = new StringBuffer();
-         for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-           buf.append(ch);
-         }
-         return buf.toString()
-       };
-       staticAccessors$7.PI.get = function () { return new DD(3.141592653589793116e+00, 1.224646799147353207e-16) };
-       staticAccessors$7.TWO_PI.get = function () { return new DD(6.283185307179586232e+00, 2.449293598294706414e-16) };
-       staticAccessors$7.PI_2.get = function () { return new DD(1.570796326794896558e+00, 6.123233995736766036e-17) };
-       staticAccessors$7.E.get = function () { return new DD(2.718281828459045091e+00, 1.445646891729250158e-16) };
-       staticAccessors$7.NaN.get = function () { return new DD(Double.NaN, Double.NaN) };
-       staticAccessors$7.EPS.get = function () { return 1.23259516440783e-32 };
-       staticAccessors$7.SPLIT.get = function () { return 134217729.0 };
-       staticAccessors$7.MAX_PRINT_DIGITS.get = function () { return 32 };
-       staticAccessors$7.TEN.get = function () { return DD.valueOf(10.0) };
-       staticAccessors$7.ONE.get = function () { return DD.valueOf(1.0) };
-       staticAccessors$7.SCI_NOT_EXPONENT_CHAR.get = function () { return 'E' };
-       staticAccessors$7.SCI_NOT_ZERO.get = function () { return '0.0E0' };
-
-       Object.defineProperties( DD, staticAccessors$7 );
-
-       var CGAlgorithmsDD = function CGAlgorithmsDD () {};
-
-       var staticAccessors$6 = { DP_SAFE_EPSILON: { configurable: true } };
-
-       CGAlgorithmsDD.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       CGAlgorithmsDD.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return CGAlgorithmsDD
-       };
-       CGAlgorithmsDD.orientationIndex = function orientationIndex (p1, p2, q) {
-         var index = CGAlgorithmsDD.orientationIndexFilter(p1, p2, q);
-         if (index <= 1) { return index }
-         var dx1 = DD.valueOf(p2.x).selfAdd(-p1.x);
-         var dy1 = DD.valueOf(p2.y).selfAdd(-p1.y);
-         var dx2 = DD.valueOf(q.x).selfAdd(-p2.x);
-         var dy2 = DD.valueOf(q.y).selfAdd(-p2.y);
-         return dx1.selfMultiply(dy2).selfSubtract(dy1.selfMultiply(dx2)).signum()
-       };
-       CGAlgorithmsDD.signOfDet2x2 = function signOfDet2x2 (x1, y1, x2, y2) {
-         var det = x1.multiply(y2).selfSubtract(y1.multiply(x2));
-         return det.signum()
-       };
-       CGAlgorithmsDD.intersection = function intersection (p1, p2, q1, q2) {
-         var denom1 = DD.valueOf(q2.y).selfSubtract(q1.y).selfMultiply(DD.valueOf(p2.x).selfSubtract(p1.x));
-         var denom2 = DD.valueOf(q2.x).selfSubtract(q1.x).selfMultiply(DD.valueOf(p2.y).selfSubtract(p1.y));
-         var denom = denom1.subtract(denom2);
-         var numx1 = DD.valueOf(q2.x).selfSubtract(q1.x).selfMultiply(DD.valueOf(p1.y).selfSubtract(q1.y));
-         var numx2 = DD.valueOf(q2.y).selfSubtract(q1.y).selfMultiply(DD.valueOf(p1.x).selfSubtract(q1.x));
-         var numx = numx1.subtract(numx2);
-         var fracP = numx.selfDivide(denom).doubleValue();
-         var x = DD.valueOf(p1.x).selfAdd(DD.valueOf(p2.x).selfSubtract(p1.x).selfMultiply(fracP)).doubleValue();
-         var numy1 = DD.valueOf(p2.x).selfSubtract(p1.x).selfMultiply(DD.valueOf(p1.y).selfSubtract(q1.y));
-         var numy2 = DD.valueOf(p2.y).selfSubtract(p1.y).selfMultiply(DD.valueOf(p1.x).selfSubtract(q1.x));
-         var numy = numy1.subtract(numy2);
-         var fracQ = numy.selfDivide(denom).doubleValue();
-         var y = DD.valueOf(q1.y).selfAdd(DD.valueOf(q2.y).selfSubtract(q1.y).selfMultiply(fracQ)).doubleValue();
-         return new Coordinate(x, y)
-       };
-       CGAlgorithmsDD.orientationIndexFilter = function orientationIndexFilter (pa, pb, pc) {
-         var detsum = null;
-         var detleft = (pa.x - pc.x) * (pb.y - pc.y);
-         var detright = (pa.y - pc.y) * (pb.x - pc.x);
-         var det = detleft - detright;
-         if (detleft > 0.0) {
-           if (detright <= 0.0) {
-             return CGAlgorithmsDD.signum(det)
-           } else {
-             detsum = detleft + detright;
-           }
-         } else if (detleft < 0.0) {
-           if (detright >= 0.0) {
-             return CGAlgorithmsDD.signum(det)
-           } else {
-             detsum = -detleft - detright;
+
+         return section;
+       }
+
+       function uiSettingsCustomBackground() {
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('change');
+
+         function render(selection) {
+           // keep separate copies of original and current settings
+           var _origSettings = {
+             template: corePreferences('background-custom-template')
+           };
+           var _currSettings = {
+             template: corePreferences('background-custom-template')
+           };
+           var example = 'https://{switch:a,b,c}.tile.openstreetmap.org/{zoom}/{x}/{y}.png';
+           var modal = uiConfirm(selection).okButton();
+           modal.classed('settings-modal settings-custom-background', true);
+           modal.select('.modal-section.header').append('h3').html(_t.html('settings.custom_background.header'));
+           var textSection = modal.select('.modal-section.message-text');
+           var instructions = "".concat(_t.html('settings.custom_background.instructions.info'), "\n") + '\n' + "#### ".concat(_t.html('settings.custom_background.instructions.wms.tokens_label'), "\n") + "* ".concat(_t.html('settings.custom_background.instructions.wms.tokens.proj'), "\n") + "* ".concat(_t.html('settings.custom_background.instructions.wms.tokens.wkid'), "\n") + "* ".concat(_t.html('settings.custom_background.instructions.wms.tokens.dimensions'), "\n") + "* ".concat(_t.html('settings.custom_background.instructions.wms.tokens.bbox'), "\n") + '\n' + "#### ".concat(_t.html('settings.custom_background.instructions.tms.tokens_label'), "\n") + "* ".concat(_t.html('settings.custom_background.instructions.tms.tokens.xyz'), "\n") + "* ".concat(_t.html('settings.custom_background.instructions.tms.tokens.flipped_y'), "\n") + "* ".concat(_t.html('settings.custom_background.instructions.tms.tokens.switch'), "\n") + "* ".concat(_t.html('settings.custom_background.instructions.tms.tokens.quadtile'), "\n") + "* ".concat(_t.html('settings.custom_background.instructions.tms.tokens.scale_factor'), "\n") + '\n' + "#### ".concat(_t.html('settings.custom_background.instructions.example'), "\n") + "`".concat(example, "`");
+           textSection.append('div').attr('class', 'instructions-template').html(marked_1(instructions));
+           textSection.append('textarea').attr('class', 'field-template').attr('placeholder', _t('settings.custom_background.template.placeholder')).call(utilNoAuto).property('value', _currSettings.template); // insert a cancel button
+
+           var buttonSection = modal.select('.modal-section.buttons');
+           buttonSection.insert('button', '.ok-button').attr('class', 'button cancel-button secondary-action').html(_t.html('confirm.cancel'));
+           buttonSection.select('.cancel-button').on('click.cancel', clickCancel);
+           buttonSection.select('.ok-button').attr('disabled', isSaveDisabled).on('click.save', clickSave);
+
+           function isSaveDisabled() {
+             return null;
+           } // restore the original template
+
+
+           function clickCancel() {
+             textSection.select('.field-template').property('value', _origSettings.template);
+             corePreferences('background-custom-template', _origSettings.template);
+             this.blur();
+             modal.close();
+           } // accept the current template
+
+
+           function clickSave() {
+             _currSettings.template = textSection.select('.field-template').property('value');
+             corePreferences('background-custom-template', _currSettings.template);
+             this.blur();
+             modal.close();
+             dispatch.call('change', this, _currSettings);
            }
-         } else {
-           return CGAlgorithmsDD.signum(det)
-         }
-         var errbound = CGAlgorithmsDD.DP_SAFE_EPSILON * detsum;
-         if (det >= errbound || -det >= errbound) {
-           return CGAlgorithmsDD.signum(det)
          }
-         return 2
-       };
-       CGAlgorithmsDD.signum = function signum (x) {
-         if (x > 0) { return 1 }
-         if (x < 0) { return -1 }
-         return 0
-       };
-       staticAccessors$6.DP_SAFE_EPSILON.get = function () { return 1e-15 };
-
-       Object.defineProperties( CGAlgorithmsDD, staticAccessors$6 );
-
-       var CoordinateSequence = function CoordinateSequence () {};
-
-       var staticAccessors$8 = { X: { configurable: true },Y: { configurable: true },Z: { configurable: true },M: { configurable: true } };
-
-       staticAccessors$8.X.get = function () { return 0 };
-       staticAccessors$8.Y.get = function () { return 1 };
-       staticAccessors$8.Z.get = function () { return 2 };
-       staticAccessors$8.M.get = function () { return 3 };
-       CoordinateSequence.prototype.setOrdinate = function setOrdinate (index, ordinateIndex, value) {};
-       CoordinateSequence.prototype.size = function size () {};
-       CoordinateSequence.prototype.getOrdinate = function getOrdinate (index, ordinateIndex) {};
-       CoordinateSequence.prototype.getCoordinate = function getCoordinate () {};
-       CoordinateSequence.prototype.getCoordinateCopy = function getCoordinateCopy (i) {};
-       CoordinateSequence.prototype.getDimension = function getDimension () {};
-       CoordinateSequence.prototype.getX = function getX (index) {};
-       CoordinateSequence.prototype.clone = function clone () {};
-       CoordinateSequence.prototype.expandEnvelope = function expandEnvelope (env) {};
-       CoordinateSequence.prototype.copy = function copy () {};
-       CoordinateSequence.prototype.getY = function getY (index) {};
-       CoordinateSequence.prototype.toCoordinateArray = function toCoordinateArray () {};
-       CoordinateSequence.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [Clonable]
-       };
-       CoordinateSequence.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return CoordinateSequence
-       };
 
-       Object.defineProperties( CoordinateSequence, staticAccessors$8 );
+         return utilRebind(render, dispatch, 'on');
+       }
+
+       function uiSectionBackgroundList(context) {
+         var _backgroundList = select(null);
+
+         var _customSource = context.background().findSource('custom');
 
-       var Exception = function Exception () {};
+         var _settingsCustomBackground = uiSettingsCustomBackground().on('change', customChanged);
 
-       var NotRepresentableException = (function (Exception$$1) {
-         function NotRepresentableException () {
-           Exception$$1.call(this, 'Projective point not representable on the Cartesian plane.');
+         var section = uiSection('background-list', context).label(_t.html('background.backgrounds')).disclosureContent(renderDisclosureContent);
+
+         function previousBackgroundID() {
+           return corePreferences('background-last-used-toggle');
          }
 
-         if ( Exception$$1 ) NotRepresentableException.__proto__ = Exception$$1;
-         NotRepresentableException.prototype = Object.create( Exception$$1 && Exception$$1.prototype );
-         NotRepresentableException.prototype.constructor = NotRepresentableException;
-         NotRepresentableException.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-           return []
-         };
-         NotRepresentableException.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-           return NotRepresentableException
-         };
+         function renderDisclosureContent(selection) {
+           // the background list
+           var container = selection.selectAll('.layer-background-list').data([0]);
+           _backgroundList = container.enter().append('ul').attr('class', 'layer-list layer-background-list').attr('dir', 'auto').merge(container); // add minimap toggle below list
 
-         return NotRepresentableException;
-       }(Exception));
+           var bgExtrasListEnter = selection.selectAll('.bg-extras-list').data([0]).enter().append('ul').attr('class', 'layer-list bg-extras-list');
+           var minimapLabelEnter = bgExtrasListEnter.append('li').attr('class', 'minimap-toggle-item').append('label').call(uiTooltip().title(_t.html('background.minimap.tooltip')).keys([_t('background.minimap.key')]).placement('top'));
+           minimapLabelEnter.append('input').attr('type', 'checkbox').on('change', function (d3_event) {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             uiMapInMap.toggle();
+           });
+           minimapLabelEnter.append('span').html(_t.html('background.minimap.description'));
+           var panelLabelEnter = bgExtrasListEnter.append('li').attr('class', 'background-panel-toggle-item').append('label').call(uiTooltip().title(_t.html('background.panel.tooltip')).keys([uiCmd('⌘⇧' + _t('info_panels.background.key'))]).placement('top'));
+           panelLabelEnter.append('input').attr('type', 'checkbox').on('change', function (d3_event) {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             context.ui().info.toggle('background');
+           });
+           panelLabelEnter.append('span').html(_t.html('background.panel.description'));
+           var locPanelLabelEnter = bgExtrasListEnter.append('li').attr('class', 'location-panel-toggle-item').append('label').call(uiTooltip().title(_t.html('background.location_panel.tooltip')).keys([uiCmd('⌘⇧' + _t('info_panels.location.key'))]).placement('top'));
+           locPanelLabelEnter.append('input').attr('type', 'checkbox').on('change', function (d3_event) {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             context.ui().info.toggle('location');
+           });
+           locPanelLabelEnter.append('span').html(_t.html('background.location_panel.description')); // "Info / Report a Problem" link
 
-       var System = function System () {};
+           selection.selectAll('.imagery-faq').data([0]).enter().append('div').attr('class', 'imagery-faq').append('a').attr('target', '_blank').call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-out-link', 'inline')).attr('href', 'https://github.com/openstreetmap/iD/blob/develop/FAQ.md#how-can-i-report-an-issue-with-background-imagery').append('span').html(_t.html('background.imagery_problem_faq'));
 
-       System.arraycopy = function arraycopy (src, srcPos, dest, destPos, len) {
-         var c = 0;
-         for (var i = srcPos; i < srcPos + len; i++) {
-           dest[destPos + c] = src[i];
-           c++;
+           _backgroundList.call(drawListItems, 'radio', function (d3_event, d) {
+             chooseBackground(d);
+           }, function (d) {
+             return !d.isHidden() && !d.overlay;
+           });
          }
-       };
 
-       System.getProperty = function getProperty (name) {
-         return {
-           'line.separator': '\n'
-         }[name]
-       };
+         function setTooltips(selection) {
+           selection.each(function (d, i, nodes) {
+             var item = select(this).select('label');
+             var span = item.select('span');
+             var placement = i < nodes.length / 2 ? 'bottom' : 'top';
+             var description = d.description();
+             var isOverflowing = span.property('clientWidth') !== span.property('scrollWidth');
+             item.call(uiTooltip().destroyAny);
 
-       var HCoordinate = function HCoordinate () {
-         this.x = null;
-         this.y = null;
-         this.w = null;
-         if (arguments.length === 0) {
-           this.x = 0.0;
-           this.y = 0.0;
-           this.w = 1.0;
-         } else if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var p = arguments[0];
-           this.x = p.x;
-           this.y = p.y;
-           this.w = 1.0;
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           if (typeof arguments[0] === 'number' && typeof arguments[1] === 'number') {
-             var _x = arguments[0];
-             var _y = arguments[1];
-             this.x = _x;
-             this.y = _y;
-             this.w = 1.0;
-           } else if (arguments[0] instanceof HCoordinate && arguments[1] instanceof HCoordinate) {
-             var p1 = arguments[0];
-             var p2 = arguments[1];
-             this.x = p1.y * p2.w - p2.y * p1.w;
-             this.y = p2.x * p1.w - p1.x * p2.w;
-             this.w = p1.x * p2.y - p2.x * p1.y;
-           } else if (arguments[0] instanceof Coordinate && arguments[1] instanceof Coordinate) {
-             var p1$1 = arguments[0];
-             var p2$1 = arguments[1];
-             this.x = p1$1.y - p2$1.y;
-             this.y = p2$1.x - p1$1.x;
-             this.w = p1$1.x * p2$1.y - p2$1.x * p1$1.y;
-           }
-         } else if (arguments.length === 3) {
-           var _x$1 = arguments[0];
-           var _y$1 = arguments[1];
-           var _w = arguments[2];
-           this.x = _x$1;
-           this.y = _y$1;
-           this.w = _w;
-         } else if (arguments.length === 4) {
-           var p1$2 = arguments[0];
-           var p2$2 = arguments[1];
-           var q1 = arguments[2];
-           var q2 = arguments[3];
-           var px = p1$2.y - p2$2.y;
-           var py = p2$2.x - p1$2.x;
-           var pw = p1$2.x * p2$2.y - p2$2.x * p1$2.y;
-           var qx = q1.y - q2.y;
-           var qy = q2.x - q1.x;
-           var qw = q1.x * q2.y - q2.x * q1.y;
-           this.x = py * qw - qy * pw;
-           this.y = qx * pw - px * qw;
-           this.w = px * qy - qx * py;
-         }
-       };
-       HCoordinate.prototype.getY = function getY () {
-         var a = this.y / this.w;
-         if (Double.isNaN(a) || Double.isInfinite(a)) {
-           throw new NotRepresentableException()
-         }
-         return a
-       };
-       HCoordinate.prototype.getX = function getX () {
-         var a = this.x / this.w;
-         if (Double.isNaN(a) || Double.isInfinite(a)) {
-           throw new NotRepresentableException()
+             if (d.id === previousBackgroundID()) {
+               item.call(uiTooltip().placement(placement).title('<div>' + _t.html('background.switch') + '</div>').keys([uiCmd('⌘' + _t('background.key'))]));
+             } else if (description || isOverflowing) {
+               item.call(uiTooltip().placement(placement).title(description || d.label()));
+             }
+           });
          }
-         return a
-       };
-       HCoordinate.prototype.getCoordinate = function getCoordinate () {
-         var p = new Coordinate();
-         p.x = this.getX();
-         p.y = this.getY();
-         return p
-       };
-       HCoordinate.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       HCoordinate.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return HCoordinate
-       };
-       HCoordinate.intersection = function intersection (p1, p2, q1, q2) {
-         var px = p1.y - p2.y;
-         var py = p2.x - p1.x;
-         var pw = p1.x * p2.y - p2.x * p1.y;
-         var qx = q1.y - q2.y;
-         var qy = q2.x - q1.x;
-         var qw = q1.x * q2.y - q2.x * q1.y;
-         var x = py * qw - qy * pw;
-         var y = qx * pw - px * qw;
-         var w = px * qy - qx * py;
-         var xInt = x / w;
-         var yInt = y / w;
-         if (Double.isNaN(xInt) || (Double.isInfinite(xInt) || Double.isNaN(yInt)) || Double.isInfinite(yInt)) {
-           throw new NotRepresentableException()
-         }
-         return new Coordinate(xInt, yInt)
-       };
 
-       var Envelope = function Envelope () {
-         this._minx = null;
-         this._maxx = null;
-         this._miny = null;
-         this._maxy = null;
-         if (arguments.length === 0) {
-           this.init();
-         } else if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           if (arguments[0] instanceof Coordinate) {
-             var p = arguments[0];
-             this.init(p.x, p.x, p.y, p.y);
-           } else if (arguments[0] instanceof Envelope) {
-             var env = arguments[0];
-             this.init(env);
-           }
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var p1 = arguments[0];
-           var p2 = arguments[1];
-           this.init(p1.x, p2.x, p1.y, p2.y);
-         } else if (arguments.length === 4) {
-           var x1 = arguments[0];
-           var x2 = arguments[1];
-           var y1 = arguments[2];
-           var y2 = arguments[3];
-           this.init(x1, x2, y1, y2);
+         function drawListItems(layerList, type, change, filter) {
+           var sources = context.background().sources(context.map().extent(), context.map().zoom(), true).filter(filter).sort(function (a, b) {
+             return a.best() && !b.best() ? -1 : b.best() && !a.best() ? 1 : d3_descending(a.area(), b.area()) || d3_ascending(a.name(), b.name()) || 0;
+           });
+           var layerLinks = layerList.selectAll('li') // We have to be a bit inefficient about reordering the list since
+           // arrow key navigation of radio values likes to work in the order
+           // they were added, not the display document order.
+           .data(sources, function (d, i) {
+             return d.id + '---' + i;
+           });
+           layerLinks.exit().remove();
+           var enter = layerLinks.enter().append('li').classed('layer-custom', function (d) {
+             return d.id === 'custom';
+           }).classed('best', function (d) {
+             return d.best();
+           });
+           var label = enter.append('label');
+           label.append('input').attr('type', type).attr('name', 'background-layer').attr('value', function (d) {
+             return d.id;
+           }).on('change', change);
+           label.append('span').html(function (d) {
+             return d.label();
+           });
+           enter.filter(function (d) {
+             return d.id === 'custom';
+           }).append('button').attr('class', 'layer-browse').call(uiTooltip().title(_t.html('settings.custom_background.tooltip')).placement(_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl' ? 'right' : 'left')).on('click', function (d3_event) {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             editCustom();
+           }).call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-more'));
+           enter.filter(function (d) {
+             return d.best();
+           }).append('div').attr('class', 'best').call(uiTooltip().title(_t.html('background.best_imagery')).placement(_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl' ? 'right' : 'left')).append('span').html('&#9733;');
+           layerList.call(updateLayerSelections);
          }
-       };
 
-       var staticAccessors$9 = { serialVersionUID: { configurable: true } };
-       Envelope.prototype.getArea = function getArea () {
-         return this.getWidth() * this.getHeight()
-       };
-       Envelope.prototype.equals = function equals (other) {
-         if (!(other instanceof Envelope)) {
-           return false
-         }
-         var otherEnvelope = other;
-         if (this.isNull()) {
-           return otherEnvelope.isNull()
-         }
-         return this._maxx === otherEnvelope.getMaxX() && this._maxy === otherEnvelope.getMaxY() && this._minx === otherEnvelope.getMinX() && this._miny === otherEnvelope.getMinY()
-       };
-       Envelope.prototype.intersection = function intersection (env) {
-         if (this.isNull() || env.isNull() || !this.intersects(env)) { return new Envelope() }
-         var intMinX = this._minx > env._minx ? this._minx : env._minx;
-         var intMinY = this._miny > env._miny ? this._miny : env._miny;
-         var intMaxX = this._maxx < env._maxx ? this._maxx : env._maxx;
-         var intMaxY = this._maxy < env._maxy ? this._maxy : env._maxy;
-         return new Envelope(intMinX, intMaxX, intMinY, intMaxY)
-       };
-       Envelope.prototype.isNull = function isNull () {
-         return this._maxx < this._minx
-       };
-       Envelope.prototype.getMaxX = function getMaxX () {
-         return this._maxx
-       };
-       Envelope.prototype.covers = function covers () {
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           if (arguments[0] instanceof Coordinate) {
-             var p = arguments[0];
-             return this.covers(p.x, p.y)
-           } else if (arguments[0] instanceof Envelope) {
-             var other = arguments[0];
-             if (this.isNull() || other.isNull()) {
-               return false
-             }
-             return other.getMinX() >= this._minx && other.getMaxX() <= this._maxx && other.getMinY() >= this._miny && other.getMaxY() <= this._maxy
-           }
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var x = arguments[0];
-           var y = arguments[1];
-           if (this.isNull()) { return false }
-           return x >= this._minx && x <= this._maxx && y >= this._miny && y <= this._maxy
-         }
-       };
-       Envelope.prototype.intersects = function intersects () {
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           if (arguments[0] instanceof Envelope) {
-             var other = arguments[0];
-             if (this.isNull() || other.isNull()) {
-               return false
-             }
-             return !(other._minx > this._maxx || other._maxx < this._minx || other._miny > this._maxy || other._maxy < this._miny)
-           } else if (arguments[0] instanceof Coordinate) {
-             var p = arguments[0];
-             return this.intersects(p.x, p.y)
-           }
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var x = arguments[0];
-           var y = arguments[1];
-           if (this.isNull()) { return false }
-           return !(x > this._maxx || x < this._minx || y > this._maxy || y < this._miny)
-         }
-       };
-       Envelope.prototype.getMinY = function getMinY () {
-         return this._miny
-       };
-       Envelope.prototype.getMinX = function getMinX () {
-         return this._minx
-       };
-       Envelope.prototype.expandToInclude = function expandToInclude () {
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           if (arguments[0] instanceof Coordinate) {
-             var p = arguments[0];
-             this.expandToInclude(p.x, p.y);
-           } else if (arguments[0] instanceof Envelope) {
-             var other = arguments[0];
-             if (other.isNull()) {
-               return null
-             }
-             if (this.isNull()) {
-               this._minx = other.getMinX();
-               this._maxx = other.getMaxX();
-               this._miny = other.getMinY();
-               this._maxy = other.getMaxY();
-             } else {
-               if (other._minx < this._minx) {
-                 this._minx = other._minx;
-               }
-               if (other._maxx > this._maxx) {
-                 this._maxx = other._maxx;
-               }
-               if (other._miny < this._miny) {
-                 this._miny = other._miny;
-               }
-               if (other._maxy > this._maxy) {
-                 this._maxy = other._maxy;
-               }
-             }
-           }
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var x = arguments[0];
-           var y = arguments[1];
-           if (this.isNull()) {
-             this._minx = x;
-             this._maxx = x;
-             this._miny = y;
-             this._maxy = y;
-           } else {
-             if (x < this._minx) {
-               this._minx = x;
-             }
-             if (x > this._maxx) {
-               this._maxx = x;
-             }
-             if (y < this._miny) {
-               this._miny = y;
-             }
-             if (y > this._maxy) {
-               this._maxy = y;
-             }
+         function updateLayerSelections(selection) {
+           function active(d) {
+             return context.background().showsLayer(d);
            }
+
+           selection.selectAll('li').classed('active', active).classed('switch', function (d) {
+             return d.id === previousBackgroundID();
+           }).call(setTooltips).selectAll('input').property('checked', active);
          }
-       };
-       Envelope.prototype.minExtent = function minExtent () {
-         if (this.isNull()) { return 0.0 }
-         var w = this.getWidth();
-         var h = this.getHeight();
-         if (w < h) { return w }
-         return h
-       };
-       Envelope.prototype.getWidth = function getWidth () {
-         if (this.isNull()) {
-           return 0
-         }
-         return this._maxx - this._minx
-       };
-       Envelope.prototype.compareTo = function compareTo (o) {
-         var env = o;
-         if (this.isNull()) {
-           if (env.isNull()) { return 0 }
-           return -1
-         } else {
-           if (env.isNull()) { return 1 }
-         }
-         if (this._minx < env._minx) { return -1 }
-         if (this._minx > env._minx) { return 1 }
-         if (this._miny < env._miny) { return -1 }
-         if (this._miny > env._miny) { return 1 }
-         if (this._maxx < env._maxx) { return -1 }
-         if (this._maxx > env._maxx) { return 1 }
-         if (this._maxy < env._maxy) { return -1 }
-         if (this._maxy > env._maxy) { return 1 }
-         return 0
-       };
-       Envelope.prototype.translate = function translate (transX, transY) {
-         if (this.isNull()) {
-           return null
-         }
-         this.init(this.getMinX() + transX, this.getMaxX() + transX, this.getMinY() + transY, this.getMaxY() + transY);
-       };
-       Envelope.prototype.toString = function toString () {
-         return 'Env[' + this._minx + ' : ' + this._maxx + ', ' + this._miny + ' : ' + this._maxy + ']'
-       };
-       Envelope.prototype.setToNull = function setToNull () {
-         this._minx = 0;
-         this._maxx = -1;
-         this._miny = 0;
-         this._maxy = -1;
-       };
-       Envelope.prototype.getHeight = function getHeight () {
-         if (this.isNull()) {
-           return 0
-         }
-         return this._maxy - this._miny
-       };
-       Envelope.prototype.maxExtent = function maxExtent () {
-         if (this.isNull()) { return 0.0 }
-         var w = this.getWidth();
-         var h = this.getHeight();
-         if (w > h) { return w }
-         return h
-       };
-       Envelope.prototype.expandBy = function expandBy () {
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var distance = arguments[0];
-           this.expandBy(distance, distance);
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var deltaX = arguments[0];
-           var deltaY = arguments[1];
-           if (this.isNull()) { return null }
-           this._minx -= deltaX;
-           this._maxx += deltaX;
-           this._miny -= deltaY;
-           this._maxy += deltaY;
-           if (this._minx > this._maxx || this._miny > this._maxy) { this.setToNull(); }
-         }
-       };
-       Envelope.prototype.contains = function contains () {
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           if (arguments[0] instanceof Envelope) {
-             var other = arguments[0];
-             return this.covers(other)
-           } else if (arguments[0] instanceof Coordinate) {
-             var p = arguments[0];
-             return this.covers(p)
-           }
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var x = arguments[0];
-           var y = arguments[1];
-           return this.covers(x, y)
-         }
-       };
-       Envelope.prototype.centre = function centre () {
-         if (this.isNull()) { return null }
-         return new Coordinate((this.getMinX() + this.getMaxX()) / 2.0, (this.getMinY() + this.getMaxY()) / 2.0)
-       };
-       Envelope.prototype.init = function init () {
-         if (arguments.length === 0) {
-           this.setToNull();
-         } else if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           if (arguments[0] instanceof Coordinate) {
-             var p = arguments[0];
-             this.init(p.x, p.x, p.y, p.y);
-           } else if (arguments[0] instanceof Envelope) {
-             var env = arguments[0];
-             this._minx = env._minx;
-             this._maxx = env._maxx;
-             this._miny = env._miny;
-             this._maxy = env._maxy;
-           }
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var p1 = arguments[0];
-           var p2 = arguments[1];
-           this.init(p1.x, p2.x, p1.y, p2.y);
-         } else if (arguments.length === 4) {
-           var x1 = arguments[0];
-           var x2 = arguments[1];
-           var y1 = arguments[2];
-           var y2 = arguments[3];
-           if (x1 < x2) {
-             this._minx = x1;
-             this._maxx = x2;
-           } else {
-             this._minx = x2;
-             this._maxx = x1;
+
+         function chooseBackground(d) {
+           if (d.id === 'custom' && !d.template()) {
+             return editCustom();
            }
-           if (y1 < y2) {
-             this._miny = y1;
-             this._maxy = y2;
+
+           var previousBackground = context.background().baseLayerSource();
+           corePreferences('background-last-used-toggle', previousBackground.id);
+           corePreferences('background-last-used', d.id);
+           context.background().baseLayerSource(d);
+         }
+
+         function customChanged(d) {
+           if (d && d.template) {
+             _customSource.template(d.template);
+
+             chooseBackground(_customSource);
            } else {
-             this._miny = y2;
-             this._maxy = y1;
+             _customSource.template('');
+
+             chooseBackground(context.background().findSource('none'));
            }
          }
-       };
-       Envelope.prototype.getMaxY = function getMaxY () {
-         return this._maxy
-       };
-       Envelope.prototype.distance = function distance (env) {
-         if (this.intersects(env)) { return 0 }
-         var dx = 0.0;
-         if (this._maxx < env._minx) { dx = env._minx - this._maxx; } else if (this._minx > env._maxx) { dx = this._minx - env._maxx; }
-         var dy = 0.0;
-         if (this._maxy < env._miny) { dy = env._miny - this._maxy; } else if (this._miny > env._maxy) { dy = this._miny - env._maxy; }
-         if (dx === 0.0) { return dy }
-         if (dy === 0.0) { return dx }
-         return Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy)
-       };
-       Envelope.prototype.hashCode = function hashCode () {
-         var result = 17;
-         result = 37 * result + Coordinate.hashCode(this._minx);
-         result = 37 * result + Coordinate.hashCode(this._maxx);
-         result = 37 * result + Coordinate.hashCode(this._miny);
-         result = 37 * result + Coordinate.hashCode(this._maxy);
-         return result
-       };
-       Envelope.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [Comparable, Serializable]
-       };
-       Envelope.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return Envelope
-       };
-       Envelope.intersects = function intersects () {
-         if (arguments.length === 3) {
-           var p1 = arguments[0];
-           var p2 = arguments[1];
-           var q = arguments[2];
-           if (q.x >= (p1.x < p2.x ? p1.x : p2.x) && q.x <= (p1.x > p2.x ? p1.x : p2.x) && (q.y >= (p1.y < p2.y ? p1.y : p2.y) && q.y <= (p1.y > p2.y ? p1.y : p2.y))) {
-             return true
-           }
-           return false
-         } else if (arguments.length === 4) {
-           var p1$1 = arguments[0];
-           var p2$1 = arguments[1];
-           var q1 = arguments[2];
-           var q2 = arguments[3];
-           var minq = Math.min(q1.x, q2.x);
-           var maxq = Math.max(q1.x, q2.x);
-           var minp = Math.min(p1$1.x, p2$1.x);
-           var maxp = Math.max(p1$1.x, p2$1.x);
-           if (minp > maxq) { return false }
-           if (maxp < minq) { return false }
-           minq = Math.min(q1.y, q2.y);
-           maxq = Math.max(q1.y, q2.y);
-           minp = Math.min(p1$1.y, p2$1.y);
-           maxp = Math.max(p1$1.y, p2$1.y);
-           if (minp > maxq) { return false }
-           if (maxp < minq) { return false }
-           return true
+
+         function editCustom() {
+           context.container().call(_settingsCustomBackground);
          }
-       };
-       staticAccessors$9.serialVersionUID.get = function () { return 5873921885273102420 };
 
-       Object.defineProperties( Envelope, staticAccessors$9 );
+         context.background().on('change.background_list', function () {
+           _backgroundList.call(updateLayerSelections);
+         });
+         context.map().on('move.background_list', debounce(function () {
+           // layers in-view may have changed due to map move
+           window.requestIdleCallback(section.reRender);
+         }, 1000));
+         return section;
+       }
 
-       var regExes = {
-         'typeStr': /^\s*(\w+)\s*\(\s*(.*)\s*\)\s*$/,
-         'emptyTypeStr': /^\s*(\w+)\s*EMPTY\s*$/,
-         'spaces': /\s+/,
-         'parenComma': /\)\s*,\s*\(/,
-         'doubleParenComma': /\)\s*\)\s*,\s*\(\s*\(/, // can't use {2} here
-         'trimParens': /^\s*\(?(.*?)\)?\s*$/
-       };
+       function uiSectionBackgroundOffset(context) {
+         var section = uiSection('background-offset', context).label(_t.html('background.fix_misalignment')).disclosureContent(renderDisclosureContent).expandedByDefault(false);
 
-       /**
-        * Class for reading and writing Well-Known Text.
-        *
-        * NOTE: Adapted from OpenLayers 2.11 implementation.
-        */
+         var _pointerPrefix = 'PointerEvent' in window ? 'pointer' : 'mouse';
 
-       /** Create a new parser for WKT
-        *
-        * @param {GeometryFactory} geometryFactory
-        * @return An instance of WKTParser.
-        * @constructor
-        * @private
-        */
-       var WKTParser = function WKTParser (geometryFactory) {
-         this.geometryFactory = geometryFactory || new GeometryFactory();
-       };
-       /**
-        * Deserialize a WKT string and return a geometry. Supports WKT for POINT,
-        * MULTIPOINT, LINESTRING, LINEARRING, MULTILINESTRING, POLYGON, MULTIPOLYGON,
-        * and GEOMETRYCOLLECTION.
-        *
-        * @param {String} wkt A WKT string.
-        * @return {Geometry} A geometry instance.
-        * @private
-        */
-       WKTParser.prototype.read = function read (wkt) {
-         var geometry, type, str;
-         wkt = wkt.replace(/[\n\r]/g, ' ');
-         var matches = regExes.typeStr.exec(wkt);
-         if (wkt.search('EMPTY') !== -1) {
-           matches = regExes.emptyTypeStr.exec(wkt);
-           matches[2] = undefined;
+         var _directions = [['top', [0, -0.5]], ['left', [-0.5, 0]], ['right', [0.5, 0]], ['bottom', [0, 0.5]]];
+
+         function updateValue() {
+           var meters = geoOffsetToMeters(context.background().offset());
+           var x = +meters[0].toFixed(2);
+           var y = +meters[1].toFixed(2);
+           context.container().selectAll('.nudge-inner-rect').select('input').classed('error', false).property('value', x + ', ' + y);
+           context.container().selectAll('.nudge-reset').classed('disabled', function () {
+             return x === 0 && y === 0;
+           });
+         }
+
+         function resetOffset() {
+           context.background().offset([0, 0]);
+           updateValue();
          }
-         if (matches) {
-           type = matches[1].toLowerCase();
-           str = matches[2];
-           if (parse$1[type]) {
-             geometry = parse$1[type].apply(this, [str]);
+
+         function nudge(d) {
+           context.background().nudge(d, context.map().zoom());
+           updateValue();
+         }
+
+         function inputOffset() {
+           var input = select(this);
+           var d = input.node().value;
+           if (d === '') return resetOffset();
+           d = d.replace(/;/g, ',').split(',').map(function (n) {
+             // if n is NaN, it will always get mapped to false.
+             return !isNaN(n) && n;
+           });
+
+           if (d.length !== 2 || !d[0] || !d[1]) {
+             input.classed('error', true);
+             return;
            }
+
+           context.background().offset(geoMetersToOffset(d));
+           updateValue();
          }
 
-         if (geometry === undefined) { throw new Error('Could not parse WKT ' + wkt) }
+         function dragOffset(d3_event) {
+           if (d3_event.button !== 0) return;
+           var origin = [d3_event.clientX, d3_event.clientY];
+           var pointerId = d3_event.pointerId || 'mouse';
+           context.container().append('div').attr('class', 'nudge-surface');
+           select(window).on(_pointerPrefix + 'move.drag-bg-offset', pointermove).on(_pointerPrefix + 'up.drag-bg-offset', pointerup);
 
-         return geometry
-       };
+           if (_pointerPrefix === 'pointer') {
+             select(window).on('pointercancel.drag-bg-offset', pointerup);
+           }
 
-       /**
-        * Serialize a geometry into a WKT string.
-        *
-        * @param {Geometry} geometry A feature or array of features.
-        * @return {String} The WKT string representation of the input geometries.
-        * @private
-        */
-       WKTParser.prototype.write = function write (geometry) {
-         return this.extractGeometry(geometry)
-       };
+           function pointermove(d3_event) {
+             if (pointerId !== (d3_event.pointerId || 'mouse')) return;
+             var latest = [d3_event.clientX, d3_event.clientY];
+             var d = [-(origin[0] - latest[0]) / 4, -(origin[1] - latest[1]) / 4];
+             origin = latest;
+             nudge(d);
+           }
 
-       /**
-        * Entry point to construct the WKT for a single Geometry object.
-        *
-        * @param {Geometry} geometry
-        * @return {String} A WKT string of representing the geometry.
-        * @private
-        */
-       WKTParser.prototype.extractGeometry = function extractGeometry (geometry) {
-         var type = geometry.getGeometryType().toLowerCase();
-         if (!extract$1[type]) {
-           return null
-         }
-         var wktType = type.toUpperCase();
-         var data;
-         if (geometry.isEmpty()) {
-           data = wktType + ' EMPTY';
-         } else {
-           data = wktType + '(' + extract$1[type].apply(this, [geometry]) + ')';
+           function pointerup(d3_event) {
+             if (pointerId !== (d3_event.pointerId || 'mouse')) return;
+             if (d3_event.button !== 0) return;
+             context.container().selectAll('.nudge-surface').remove();
+             select(window).on('.drag-bg-offset', null);
+           }
          }
-         return data
-       };
-
-       /**
-        * Object with properties corresponding to the geometry types. Property values
-        * are functions that do the actual data extraction.
-        * @private
-        */
-       var extract$1 = {
-         coordinate: function coordinate (coordinate$1) {
-           return coordinate$1.x + ' ' + coordinate$1.y
-         },
 
-         /**
-          * Return a space delimited string of point coordinates.
-          *
-          * @param {Point}
-          *          point
-          * @return {String} A string of coordinates representing the point.
-          */
-         point: function point (point$1) {
-           return extract$1.coordinate.call(this, point$1._coordinates._coordinates[0])
-         },
+         function renderDisclosureContent(selection) {
+           var container = selection.selectAll('.nudge-container').data([0]);
+           var containerEnter = container.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'nudge-container');
+           containerEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'nudge-instructions').html(_t.html('background.offset'));
+           var nudgeWrapEnter = containerEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'nudge-controls-wrap');
+           var nudgeEnter = nudgeWrapEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'nudge-outer-rect').on(_pointerPrefix + 'down', dragOffset);
+           nudgeEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'nudge-inner-rect').append('input').attr('type', 'text').on('change', inputOffset);
+           nudgeWrapEnter.append('div').selectAll('button').data(_directions).enter().append('button').attr('class', function (d) {
+             return d[0] + ' nudge';
+           }).on('click', function (d3_event, d) {
+             nudge(d[1]);
+           });
+           nudgeWrapEnter.append('button').attr('title', _t('background.reset')).attr('class', 'nudge-reset disabled').on('click', function (d3_event) {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             resetOffset();
+           }).call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-' + (_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl' ? 'redo' : 'undo')));
+           updateValue();
+         }
 
-         /**
-          * Return a comma delimited string of point coordinates from a multipoint.
-          *
-          * @param {MultiPoint}
-          *          multipoint
-          * @return {String} A string of point coordinate strings representing the
-          *         multipoint.
-          */
-         multipoint: function multipoint (multipoint$1) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+         context.background().on('change.backgroundOffset-update', updateValue);
+         return section;
+       }
 
-           var array = [];
-           for (var i = 0, len = multipoint$1._geometries.length; i < len; ++i) {
-             array.push('(' + extract$1.point.apply(this$1, [multipoint$1._geometries[i]]) + ')');
-           }
-           return array.join(',')
-         },
+       function uiSectionOverlayList(context) {
+         var section = uiSection('overlay-list', context).label(_t.html('background.overlays')).disclosureContent(renderDisclosureContent);
 
-         /**
-          * Return a comma delimited string of point coordinates from a line.
-          *
-          * @param {LineString} linestring
-          * @return {String} A string of point coordinate strings representing the linestring.
-          */
-         linestring: function linestring (linestring$1) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+         var _overlayList = select(null);
 
-           var array = [];
-           for (var i = 0, len = linestring$1._points._coordinates.length; i < len; ++i) {
-             array.push(extract$1.coordinate.apply(this$1, [linestring$1._points._coordinates[i]]));
-           }
-           return array.join(',')
-         },
+         function setTooltips(selection) {
+           selection.each(function (d, i, nodes) {
+             var item = select(this).select('label');
+             var span = item.select('span');
+             var placement = i < nodes.length / 2 ? 'bottom' : 'top';
+             var description = d.description();
+             var isOverflowing = span.property('clientWidth') !== span.property('scrollWidth');
+             item.call(uiTooltip().destroyAny);
 
-         linearring: function linearring (linearring$1) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+             if (description || isOverflowing) {
+               item.call(uiTooltip().placement(placement).title(description || d.name()));
+             }
+           });
+         }
 
-           var array = [];
-           for (var i = 0, len = linearring$1._points._coordinates.length; i < len; ++i) {
-             array.push(extract$1.coordinate.apply(this$1, [linearring$1._points._coordinates[i]]));
+         function updateLayerSelections(selection) {
+           function active(d) {
+             return context.background().showsLayer(d);
            }
-           return array.join(',')
-         },
 
-         /**
-          * Return a comma delimited string of linestring strings from a
-          * multilinestring.
-          *
-          * @param {MultiLineString} multilinestring
-          * @return {String} A string of of linestring strings representing the multilinestring.
-          */
-         multilinestring: function multilinestring (multilinestring$1) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+           selection.selectAll('li').classed('active', active).call(setTooltips).selectAll('input').property('checked', active);
+         }
 
-           var array = [];
-           for (var i = 0, len = multilinestring$1._geometries.length; i < len; ++i) {
-             array.push('(' +
-               extract$1.linestring.apply(this$1, [multilinestring$1._geometries[i]]) +
-               ')');
-           }
-           return array.join(',')
-         },
+         function chooseOverlay(d3_event, d) {
+           d3_event.preventDefault();
+           context.background().toggleOverlayLayer(d);
 
-         /**
-          * Return a comma delimited string of linear ring arrays from a polygon.
-          *
-          * @param {Polygon} polygon
-          * @return {String} An array of linear ring arrays representing the polygon.
-          */
-         polygon: function polygon (polygon$1) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+           _overlayList.call(updateLayerSelections);
 
-           var array = [];
-           array.push('(' + extract$1.linestring.apply(this, [polygon$1._shell]) + ')');
-           for (var i = 0, len = polygon$1._holes.length; i < len; ++i) {
-             array.push('(' + extract$1.linestring.apply(this$1, [polygon$1._holes[i]]) + ')');
-           }
-           return array.join(',')
-         },
+           document.activeElement.blur();
+         }
 
-         /**
-          * Return an array of polygon arrays from a multipolygon.
-          *
-          * @param {MultiPolygon} multipolygon
-          * @return {String} An array of polygon arrays representing the multipolygon.
-          */
-         multipolygon: function multipolygon (multipolygon$1) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+         function drawListItems(layerList, type, change, filter) {
+           var sources = context.background().sources(context.map().extent(), context.map().zoom(), true).filter(filter);
+           var layerLinks = layerList.selectAll('li').data(sources, function (d) {
+             return d.name();
+           });
+           layerLinks.exit().remove();
+           var enter = layerLinks.enter().append('li');
+           var label = enter.append('label');
+           label.append('input').attr('type', type).attr('name', 'layers').on('change', change);
+           label.append('span').html(function (d) {
+             return d.label();
+           });
+           layerList.selectAll('li').sort(sortSources);
+           layerList.call(updateLayerSelections);
 
-           var array = [];
-           for (var i = 0, len = multipolygon$1._geometries.length; i < len; ++i) {
-             array.push('(' + extract$1.polygon.apply(this$1, [multipolygon$1._geometries[i]]) + ')');
+           function sortSources(a, b) {
+             return a.best() && !b.best() ? -1 : b.best() && !a.best() ? 1 : d3_descending(a.area(), b.area()) || d3_ascending(a.name(), b.name()) || 0;
            }
-           return array.join(',')
-         },
+         }
 
-         /**
-          * Return the WKT portion between 'GEOMETRYCOLLECTION(' and ')' for an
-          * geometrycollection.
-          *
-          * @param {GeometryCollection} collection
-          * @return {String} internal WKT representation of the collection.
-          */
-         geometrycollection: function geometrycollection (collection) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+         function renderDisclosureContent(selection) {
+           var container = selection.selectAll('.layer-overlay-list').data([0]);
+           _overlayList = container.enter().append('ul').attr('class', 'layer-list layer-overlay-list').attr('dir', 'auto').merge(container);
 
-           var array = [];
-           for (var i = 0, len = collection._geometries.length; i < len; ++i) {
-             array.push(this$1.extractGeometry(collection._geometries[i]));
-           }
-           return array.join(',')
+           _overlayList.call(drawListItems, 'checkbox', chooseOverlay, function (d) {
+             return !d.isHidden() && d.overlay;
+           });
          }
-       };
 
-       /**
-        * Object with properties corresponding to the geometry types. Property values
-        * are functions that do the actual parsing.
-        * @private
-        */
-       var parse$1 = {
-         /**
-          * Return point geometry given a point WKT fragment.
-          *
-          * @param {String} str A WKT fragment representing the point.
-          * @return {Point} A point geometry.
-          * @private
-          */
-         point: function point (str) {
-           if (str === undefined) {
-             return this.geometryFactory.createPoint()
-           }
+         context.map().on('move.overlay_list', debounce(function () {
+           // layers in-view may have changed due to map move
+           window.requestIdleCallback(section.reRender);
+         }, 1000));
+         return section;
+       }
 
-           var coords = str.trim().split(regExes.spaces);
-           return this.geometryFactory.createPoint(new Coordinate(Number.parseFloat(coords[0]),
-             Number.parseFloat(coords[1])))
-         },
+       function uiPaneBackground(context) {
+         var backgroundPane = uiPane('background', context).key(_t('background.key')).label(_t.html('background.title')).description(_t.html('background.description')).iconName('iD-icon-layers').sections([uiSectionBackgroundList(context), uiSectionOverlayList(context), uiSectionBackgroundDisplayOptions(context), uiSectionBackgroundOffset(context)]);
+         return backgroundPane;
+       }
 
-         /**
-          * Return a multipoint geometry given a multipoint WKT fragment.
-          *
-          * @param {String} str A WKT fragment representing the multipoint.
-          * @return {Point} A multipoint feature.
-          * @private
-          */
-         multipoint: function multipoint (str) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+       function uiPaneHelp(context) {
+         var docKeys = [['help', ['welcome', 'open_data_h', 'open_data', 'before_start_h', 'before_start', 'open_source_h', 'open_source', 'open_source_help']], ['overview', ['navigation_h', 'navigation_drag', 'navigation_zoom', 'features_h', 'features', 'nodes_ways']], ['editing', ['select_h', 'select_left_click', 'select_right_click', 'select_space', 'multiselect_h', 'multiselect', 'multiselect_shift_click', 'multiselect_lasso', 'undo_redo_h', 'undo_redo', 'save_h', 'save', 'save_validation', 'upload_h', 'upload', 'backups_h', 'backups', 'keyboard_h', 'keyboard']], ['feature_editor', ['intro', 'definitions', 'type_h', 'type', 'type_picker', 'fields_h', 'fields_all_fields', 'fields_example', 'fields_add_field', 'tags_h', 'tags_all_tags', 'tags_resources']], ['points', ['intro', 'add_point_h', 'add_point', 'add_point_finish', 'move_point_h', 'move_point', 'delete_point_h', 'delete_point', 'delete_point_command']], ['lines', ['intro', 'add_line_h', 'add_line', 'add_line_draw', 'add_line_continue', 'add_line_finish', 'modify_line_h', 'modify_line_dragnode', 'modify_line_addnode', 'connect_line_h', 'connect_line', 'connect_line_display', 'connect_line_drag', 'connect_line_tag', 'disconnect_line_h', 'disconnect_line_command', 'move_line_h', 'move_line_command', 'move_line_connected', 'delete_line_h', 'delete_line', 'delete_line_command']], ['areas', ['intro', 'point_or_area_h', 'point_or_area', 'add_area_h', 'add_area_command', 'add_area_draw', 'add_area_continue', 'add_area_finish', 'square_area_h', 'square_area_command', 'modify_area_h', 'modify_area_dragnode', 'modify_area_addnode', 'delete_area_h', 'delete_area', 'delete_area_command']], ['relations', ['intro', 'edit_relation_h', 'edit_relation', 'edit_relation_add', 'edit_relation_delete', 'maintain_relation_h', 'maintain_relation', 'relation_types_h', 'multipolygon_h', 'multipolygon', 'multipolygon_create', 'multipolygon_merge', 'turn_restriction_h', 'turn_restriction', 'turn_restriction_field', 'turn_restriction_editing', 'route_h', 'route', 'route_add', 'boundary_h', 'boundary', 'boundary_add']], ['operations', ['intro', 'intro_2', 'straighten', 'orthogonalize', 'circularize', 'move', 'rotate', 'reflect', 'continue', 'reverse', 'disconnect', 'split', 'extract', 'merge', 'delete', 'downgrade', 'copy_paste']], ['notes', ['intro', 'add_note_h', 'add_note', 'place_note', 'move_note', 'update_note_h', 'update_note', 'save_note_h', 'save_note']], ['imagery', ['intro', 'sources_h', 'choosing', 'sources', 'offsets_h', 'offset', 'offset_change']], ['streetlevel', ['intro', 'using_h', 'using', 'photos', 'viewer']], ['gps', ['intro', 'survey', 'using_h', 'using', 'tracing', 'upload']], ['qa', ['intro', 'tools_h', 'tools', 'issues_h', 'issues']]];
+         var headings = {
+           'help.help.open_data_h': 3,
+           'help.help.before_start_h': 3,
+           'help.help.open_source_h': 3,
+           'help.overview.navigation_h': 3,
+           'help.overview.features_h': 3,
+           'help.editing.select_h': 3,
+           'help.editing.multiselect_h': 3,
+           'help.editing.undo_redo_h': 3,
+           'help.editing.save_h': 3,
+           'help.editing.upload_h': 3,
+           'help.editing.backups_h': 3,
+           'help.editing.keyboard_h': 3,
+           'help.feature_editor.type_h': 3,
+           'help.feature_editor.fields_h': 3,
+           'help.feature_editor.tags_h': 3,
+           'help.points.add_point_h': 3,
+           'help.points.move_point_h': 3,
+           'help.points.delete_point_h': 3,
+           'help.lines.add_line_h': 3,
+           'help.lines.modify_line_h': 3,
+           'help.lines.connect_line_h': 3,
+           'help.lines.disconnect_line_h': 3,
+           'help.lines.move_line_h': 3,
+           'help.lines.delete_line_h': 3,
+           'help.areas.point_or_area_h': 3,
+           'help.areas.add_area_h': 3,
+           'help.areas.square_area_h': 3,
+           'help.areas.modify_area_h': 3,
+           'help.areas.delete_area_h': 3,
+           'help.relations.edit_relation_h': 3,
+           'help.relations.maintain_relation_h': 3,
+           'help.relations.relation_types_h': 2,
+           'help.relations.multipolygon_h': 3,
+           'help.relations.turn_restriction_h': 3,
+           'help.relations.route_h': 3,
+           'help.relations.boundary_h': 3,
+           'help.notes.add_note_h': 3,
+           'help.notes.update_note_h': 3,
+           'help.notes.save_note_h': 3,
+           'help.imagery.sources_h': 3,
+           'help.imagery.offsets_h': 3,
+           'help.streetlevel.using_h': 3,
+           'help.gps.using_h': 3,
+           'help.qa.tools_h': 3,
+           'help.qa.issues_h': 3
+         }; // For each section, squash all the texts into a single markdown document
+
+         var docs = docKeys.map(function (key) {
+           var helpkey = 'help.' + key[0];
+           var helpPaneReplacements = {
+             version: context.version
+           };
+           var text = key[1].reduce(function (all, part) {
+             var subkey = helpkey + '.' + part;
+             var depth = headings[subkey]; // is this subkey a heading?
+
+             var hhh = depth ? Array(depth + 1).join('#') + ' ' : ''; // if so, prepend with some ##'s
+
+             return all + hhh + helpHtml(subkey, helpPaneReplacements) + '\n\n';
+           }, '');
+           return {
+             title: _t.html(helpkey + '.title'),
+             content: marked_1(text.trim()) // use keyboard key styling for shortcuts
+             .replace(/<code>/g, '<kbd>').replace(/<\/code>/g, '<\/kbd>')
+           };
+         });
+         var helpPane = uiPane('help', context).key(_t('help.key')).label(_t.html('help.title')).description(_t.html('help.title')).iconName('iD-icon-help');
+
+         helpPane.renderContent = function (content) {
+           function clickHelp(d, i) {
+             var rtl = _mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl';
+             content.property('scrollTop', 0);
+             helpPane.selection().select('.pane-heading h2').html(d.title);
+             body.html(d.content);
+             body.selectAll('a').attr('target', '_blank');
+             menuItems.classed('selected', function (m) {
+               return m.title === d.title;
+             });
+             nav.html('');
 
-           if (str === undefined) {
-             return this.geometryFactory.createMultiPoint()
-           }
+             if (rtl) {
+               nav.call(drawNext).call(drawPrevious);
+             } else {
+               nav.call(drawPrevious).call(drawNext);
+             }
 
-           var point;
-           var points = str.trim().split(',');
-           var components = [];
-           for (var i = 0, len = points.length; i < len; ++i) {
-             point = points[i].replace(regExes.trimParens, '$1');
-             components.push(parse$1.point.apply(this$1, [point]));
-           }
-           return this.geometryFactory.createMultiPoint(components)
-         },
+             function drawNext(selection) {
+               if (i < docs.length - 1) {
+                 var nextLink = selection.append('a').attr('href', '#').attr('class', 'next').on('click', function (d3_event) {
+                   d3_event.preventDefault();
+                   clickHelp(docs[i + 1], i + 1);
+                 });
+                 nextLink.append('span').html(docs[i + 1].title).call(svgIcon(rtl ? '#iD-icon-backward' : '#iD-icon-forward', 'inline'));
+               }
+             }
 
-         /**
-          * Return a linestring geometry given a linestring WKT fragment.
-          *
-          * @param {String} str A WKT fragment representing the linestring.
-          * @return {LineString} A linestring geometry.
-          * @private
-          */
-         linestring: function linestring (str) {
-           if (str === undefined) {
-             return this.geometryFactory.createLineString()
+             function drawPrevious(selection) {
+               if (i > 0) {
+                 var prevLink = selection.append('a').attr('href', '#').attr('class', 'previous').on('click', function (d3_event) {
+                   d3_event.preventDefault();
+                   clickHelp(docs[i - 1], i - 1);
+                 });
+                 prevLink.call(svgIcon(rtl ? '#iD-icon-forward' : '#iD-icon-backward', 'inline')).append('span').html(docs[i - 1].title);
+               }
+             }
            }
 
-           var points = str.trim().split(',');
-           var components = [];
-           var coords;
-           for (var i = 0, len = points.length; i < len; ++i) {
-             coords = points[i].trim().split(regExes.spaces);
-             components.push(new Coordinate(Number.parseFloat(coords[0]), Number.parseFloat(coords[1])));
+           function clickWalkthrough(d3_event) {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             if (context.inIntro()) return;
+             context.container().call(uiIntro(context));
+             context.ui().togglePanes();
            }
-           return this.geometryFactory.createLineString(components)
-         },
 
-         /**
-          * Return a linearring geometry given a linearring WKT fragment.
-          *
-          * @param {String} str A WKT fragment representing the linearring.
-          * @return {LinearRing} A linearring geometry.
-          * @private
-          */
-         linearring: function linearring (str) {
-           if (str === undefined) {
-             return this.geometryFactory.createLinearRing()
+           function clickShortcuts(d3_event) {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             context.container().call(context.ui().shortcuts, true);
            }
 
-           var points = str.trim().split(',');
-           var components = [];
-           var coords;
-           for (var i = 0, len = points.length; i < len; ++i) {
-             coords = points[i].trim().split(regExes.spaces);
-             components.push(new Coordinate(Number.parseFloat(coords[0]), Number.parseFloat(coords[1])));
-           }
-           return this.geometryFactory.createLinearRing(components)
-         },
+           var toc = content.append('ul').attr('class', 'toc');
+           var menuItems = toc.selectAll('li').data(docs).enter().append('li').append('a').attr('href', '#').html(function (d) {
+             return d.title;
+           }).on('click', function (d3_event, d) {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             clickHelp(d, docs.indexOf(d));
+           });
+           var shortcuts = toc.append('li').attr('class', 'shortcuts').call(uiTooltip().title(_t.html('shortcuts.tooltip')).keys(['?']).placement('top')).append('a').attr('href', '#').on('click', clickShortcuts);
+           shortcuts.append('div').html(_t.html('shortcuts.title'));
+           var walkthrough = toc.append('li').attr('class', 'walkthrough').append('a').attr('href', '#').on('click', clickWalkthrough);
+           walkthrough.append('svg').attr('class', 'logo logo-walkthrough').append('use').attr('xlink:href', '#iD-logo-walkthrough');
+           walkthrough.append('div').html(_t.html('splash.walkthrough'));
+           var helpContent = content.append('div').attr('class', 'left-content');
+           var body = helpContent.append('div').attr('class', 'body');
+           var nav = helpContent.append('div').attr('class', 'nav');
+           clickHelp(docs[0], 0);
+         };
 
-         /**
-          * Return a multilinestring geometry given a multilinestring WKT fragment.
-          *
-          * @param {String} str A WKT fragment representing the multilinestring.
-          * @return {MultiLineString} A multilinestring geometry.
-          * @private
-          */
-         multilinestring: function multilinestring (str) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+         return helpPane;
+       }
 
-           if (str === undefined) {
-             return this.geometryFactory.createMultiLineString()
-           }
+       function uiSectionValidationIssues(id, severity, context) {
+         var _issues = [];
+         var section = uiSection(id, context).label(function () {
+           if (!_issues) return '';
+           var issueCountText = _issues.length > 1000 ? '1000+' : String(_issues.length);
+           return _t('inspector.title_count', {
+             title: _t.html('issues.' + severity + 's.list_title'),
+             count: issueCountText
+           });
+         }).disclosureContent(renderDisclosureContent).shouldDisplay(function () {
+           return _issues && _issues.length;
+         });
 
-           var line;
-           var lines = str.trim().split(regExes.parenComma);
-           var components = [];
-           for (var i = 0, len = lines.length; i < len; ++i) {
-             line = lines[i].replace(regExes.trimParens, '$1');
-             components.push(parse$1.linestring.apply(this$1, [line]));
-           }
-           return this.geometryFactory.createMultiLineString(components)
-         },
+         function getOptions() {
+           return {
+             what: corePreferences('validate-what') || 'edited',
+             where: corePreferences('validate-where') || 'all'
+           };
+         } // get and cache the issues to display, unordered
 
-         /**
-          * Return a polygon geometry given a polygon WKT fragment.
-          *
-          * @param {String} str A WKT fragment representing the polygon.
-          * @return {Polygon} A polygon geometry.
-          * @private
-          */
-         polygon: function polygon (str) {
-           var this$1 = this;
 
-           if (str === undefined) {
-             return this.geometryFactory.createPolygon()
-           }
+         function reloadIssues() {
+           _issues = context.validator().getIssuesBySeverity(getOptions())[severity];
+         }
 
-           var ring, linestring, linearring;
-           var rings = str.trim().split(regExes.parenComma);
-           var shell;
-           var holes = [];
-           for (var i = 0, len = rings.length; i < len; ++i) {
-             ring = rings[i].replace(regExes.trimParens, '$1');
-             linestring = parse$1.linestring.apply(this$1, [ring]);
-             linearring = this$1.geometryFactory.createLinearRing(linestring._points);
-             if (i === 0) {
-               shell = linearring;
-             } else {
-               holes.push(linearring);
-             }
-           }
-           return this.geometryFactory.createPolygon(shell, holes)
-         },
+         function renderDisclosureContent(selection) {
+           var center = context.map().center();
+           var graph = context.graph(); // sort issues by distance away from the center of the map
 
-         /**
-          * Return a multipolygon geometry given a multipolygon WKT fragment.
-          *
-          * @param {String} str A WKT fragment representing the multipolygon.
-          * @return {MultiPolygon} A multipolygon geometry.
-          * @private
-          */
-         multipolygon: function multipolygon (str) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+           var issues = _issues.map(function withDistance(issue) {
+             var extent = issue.extent(graph);
+             var dist = extent ? geoSphericalDistance(center, extent.center()) : 0;
+             return Object.assign(issue, {
+               dist: dist
+             });
+           }).sort(function byDistance(a, b) {
+             return a.dist - b.dist;
+           }); // cut off at 1000
 
-           if (str === undefined) {
-             return this.geometryFactory.createMultiPolygon()
-           }
 
-           var polygon;
-           var polygons = str.trim().split(regExes.doubleParenComma);
-           var components = [];
-           for (var i = 0, len = polygons.length; i < len; ++i) {
-             polygon = polygons[i].replace(regExes.trimParens, '$1');
-             components.push(parse$1.polygon.apply(this$1, [polygon]));
-           }
-           return this.geometryFactory.createMultiPolygon(components)
-         },
+           issues = issues.slice(0, 1000); //renderIgnoredIssuesReset(_warningsSelection);
 
-         /**
-          * Return a geometrycollection given a geometrycollection WKT fragment.
-          *
-          * @param {String} str A WKT fragment representing the geometrycollection.
-          * @return {GeometryCollection}
-          * @private
-          */
-         geometrycollection: function geometrycollection (str) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+           selection.call(drawIssuesList, issues);
+         }
 
-           if (str === undefined) {
-             return this.geometryFactory.createGeometryCollection()
-           }
+         function drawIssuesList(selection, issues) {
+           var list = selection.selectAll('.issues-list').data([0]);
+           list = list.enter().append('ul').attr('class', 'layer-list issues-list ' + severity + 's-list').merge(list);
+           var items = list.selectAll('li').data(issues, function (d) {
+             return d.id;
+           }); // Exit
+
+           items.exit().remove(); // Enter
+
+           var itemsEnter = items.enter().append('li').attr('class', function (d) {
+             return 'issue severity-' + d.severity;
+           });
+           var labelsEnter = itemsEnter.append('button').attr('class', 'issue-label').on('click', function (d3_event, d) {
+             context.validator().focusIssue(d);
+           }).on('mouseover', function (d3_event, d) {
+             utilHighlightEntities(d.entityIds, true, context);
+           }).on('mouseout', function (d3_event, d) {
+             utilHighlightEntities(d.entityIds, false, context);
+           });
+           var textEnter = labelsEnter.append('span').attr('class', 'issue-text');
+           textEnter.append('span').attr('class', 'issue-icon').each(function (d) {
+             var iconName = '#iD-icon-' + (d.severity === 'warning' ? 'alert' : 'error');
+             select(this).call(svgIcon(iconName));
+           });
+           textEnter.append('span').attr('class', 'issue-message');
+           /*
+           labelsEnter
+               .append('span')
+               .attr('class', 'issue-autofix')
+               .each(function(d) {
+                   if (!d.autoFix) return;
+                    d3_select(this)
+                       .append('button')
+                       .attr('title', t('issues.fix_one.title'))
+                       .datum(d.autoFix)  // set button datum to the autofix
+                       .attr('class', 'autofix action')
+                       .on('click', function(d3_event, d) {
+                           d3_event.preventDefault();
+                           d3_event.stopPropagation();
+                            var issuesEntityIDs = d.issue.entityIds;
+                           utilHighlightEntities(issuesEntityIDs.concat(d.entityIds), false, context);
+                            context.perform.apply(context, d.autoArgs);
+                           context.validator().validate();
+                       })
+                       .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-wrench'));
+               });
+           */
+           // Update
 
-           // separate components of the collection with |
-           str = str.replace(/,\s*([A-Za-z])/g, '|$1');
-           var wktArray = str.trim().split('|');
-           var components = [];
-           for (var i = 0, len = wktArray.length; i < len; ++i) {
-             components.push(this$1.read(wktArray[i]));
+           items = items.merge(itemsEnter).order();
+           items.selectAll('.issue-message').html(function (d) {
+             return d.message(context);
+           });
+           /*
+           // autofix
+           var canAutoFix = issues.filter(function(issue) { return issue.autoFix; });
+            var autoFixAll = selection.selectAll('.autofix-all')
+               .data(canAutoFix.length ? [0] : []);
+            // exit
+           autoFixAll.exit()
+               .remove();
+            // enter
+           var autoFixAllEnter = autoFixAll.enter()
+               .insert('div', '.issues-list')
+               .attr('class', 'autofix-all');
+            var linkEnter = autoFixAllEnter
+               .append('a')
+               .attr('class', 'autofix-all-link')
+               .attr('href', '#');
+            linkEnter
+               .append('span')
+               .attr('class', 'autofix-all-link-text')
+               .html(t.html('issues.fix_all.title'));
+            linkEnter
+               .append('span')
+               .attr('class', 'autofix-all-link-icon')
+               .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-wrench'));
+            if (severity === 'warning') {
+               renderIgnoredIssuesReset(selection);
            }
-           return this.geometryFactory.createGeometryCollection(components)
+            // update
+           autoFixAll = autoFixAll
+               .merge(autoFixAllEnter);
+            autoFixAll.selectAll('.autofix-all-link')
+               .on('click', function() {
+                   context.pauseChangeDispatch();
+                   context.perform(actionNoop());
+                   canAutoFix.forEach(function(issue) {
+                       var args = issue.autoFix.autoArgs.slice();  // copy
+                       if (typeof args[args.length - 1] !== 'function') {
+                           args.pop();
+                       }
+                       args.push(t('issues.fix_all.annotation'));
+                       context.replace.apply(context, args);
+                   });
+                   context.resumeChangeDispatch();
+                   context.validator().validate();
+               });
+           */
          }
-       };
 
-       /**
-        * Writes the Well-Known Text representation of a {@link Geometry}. The
-        * Well-Known Text format is defined in the <A
-        * HREF="http://www.opengis.org/techno/specs.htm"> OGC Simple Features
-        * Specification for SQL</A>.
-        * <p>
-        * The <code>WKTWriter</code> outputs coordinates rounded to the precision
-        * model. Only the maximum number of decimal places necessary to represent the
-        * ordinates to the required precision will be output.
-        * <p>
-        * The SFS WKT spec does not define a special tag for {@link LinearRing}s.
-        * Under the spec, rings are output as <code>LINESTRING</code>s.
-        */
+         context.validator().on('validated.uiSectionValidationIssues' + id, function () {
+           window.requestIdleCallback(function () {
+             reloadIssues();
+             section.reRender();
+           });
+         });
+         context.map().on('move.uiSectionValidationIssues' + id, debounce(function () {
+           window.requestIdleCallback(function () {
+             if (getOptions().where === 'visible') {
+               // must refetch issues if they are viewport-dependent
+               reloadIssues();
+             } // always reload list to re-sort-by-distance
 
-       /**
-        * @param {GeometryFactory} geometryFactory
-        * @constructor
-        */
-       var WKTWriter = function WKTWriter (geometryFactory) {
-         this.parser = new WKTParser(geometryFactory);
-       };
 
-       /**
-        * Converts a <code>Geometry</code> to its Well-known Text representation.
-        *
-        * @param {Geometry} geometry a <code>Geometry</code> to process.
-        * @return {string} a <Geometry Tagged Text> string (see the OpenGIS Simple
-        *       Features Specification).
-        * @memberof WKTWriter
-        */
-       WKTWriter.prototype.write = function write (geometry) {
-         return this.parser.write(geometry)
-       };
-       /**
-        * Generates the WKT for a <tt>LINESTRING</tt> specified by two
-        * {@link Coordinate}s.
-        *
-        * @param p0 the first coordinate.
-        * @param p1 the second coordinate.
-        *
-        * @return the WKT.
-        * @private
-        */
-       WKTWriter.toLineString = function toLineString (p0, p1) {
-         if (arguments.length !== 2) {
-           throw new Error('Not implemented')
-         }
-         return 'LINESTRING ( ' + p0.x + ' ' + p0.y + ', ' + p1.x + ' ' + p1.y + ' )'
-       };
+             section.reRender();
+           });
+         }, 1000));
+         return section;
+       }
 
-       var RuntimeException = (function (Error) {
-         function RuntimeException (message) {
-           Error.call(this, message);
-           this.name = 'RuntimeException';
-           this.message = message;
-           this.stack = (new Error()).stack;
+       function uiSectionValidationOptions(context) {
+         var section = uiSection('issues-options', context).content(renderContent);
+
+         function renderContent(selection) {
+           var container = selection.selectAll('.issues-options-container').data([0]);
+           container = container.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'issues-options-container').merge(container);
+           var data = [{
+             key: 'what',
+             values: ['edited', 'all']
+           }, {
+             key: 'where',
+             values: ['visible', 'all']
+           }];
+           var options = container.selectAll('.issues-option').data(data, function (d) {
+             return d.key;
+           });
+           var optionsEnter = options.enter().append('div').attr('class', function (d) {
+             return 'issues-option issues-option-' + d.key;
+           });
+           optionsEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'issues-option-title').html(function (d) {
+             return _t.html('issues.options.' + d.key + '.title');
+           });
+           var valuesEnter = optionsEnter.selectAll('label').data(function (d) {
+             return d.values.map(function (val) {
+               return {
+                 value: val,
+                 key: d.key
+               };
+             });
+           }).enter().append('label');
+           valuesEnter.append('input').attr('type', 'radio').attr('name', function (d) {
+             return 'issues-option-' + d.key;
+           }).attr('value', function (d) {
+             return d.value;
+           }).property('checked', function (d) {
+             return getOptions()[d.key] === d.value;
+           }).on('change', function (d3_event, d) {
+             updateOptionValue(d3_event, d.key, d.value);
+           });
+           valuesEnter.append('span').html(function (d) {
+             return _t.html('issues.options.' + d.key + '.' + d.value);
+           });
          }
 
-         if ( Error ) RuntimeException.__proto__ = Error;
-         RuntimeException.prototype = Object.create( Error && Error.prototype );
-         RuntimeException.prototype.constructor = RuntimeException;
+         function getOptions() {
+           return {
+             what: corePreferences('validate-what') || 'edited',
+             // 'all', 'edited'
+             where: corePreferences('validate-where') || 'all' // 'all', 'visible'
 
-         return RuntimeException;
-       }(Error));
+           };
+         }
 
-       var AssertionFailedException = (function (RuntimeException$$1) {
-         function AssertionFailedException () {
-           RuntimeException$$1.call(this);
-           if (arguments.length === 0) {
-             RuntimeException$$1.call(this);
-           } else if (arguments.length === 1) {
-             var message = arguments[0];
-             RuntimeException$$1.call(this, message);
+         function updateOptionValue(d3_event, d, val) {
+           if (!val && d3_event && d3_event.target) {
+             val = d3_event.target.value;
            }
+
+           corePreferences('validate-' + d, val);
+           context.validator().validate();
          }
 
-         if ( RuntimeException$$1 ) AssertionFailedException.__proto__ = RuntimeException$$1;
-         AssertionFailedException.prototype = Object.create( RuntimeException$$1 && RuntimeException$$1.prototype );
-         AssertionFailedException.prototype.constructor = AssertionFailedException;
-         AssertionFailedException.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-           return []
-         };
-         AssertionFailedException.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-           return AssertionFailedException
-         };
+         return section;
+       }
+
+       function uiSectionValidationRules(context) {
+         var MINSQUARE = 0;
+         var MAXSQUARE = 20;
+         var DEFAULTSQUARE = 5; // see also unsquare_way.js
 
-         return AssertionFailedException;
-       }(RuntimeException));
+         var section = uiSection('issues-rules', context).disclosureContent(renderDisclosureContent).label(_t.html('issues.rules.title'));
 
-       var Assert = function Assert () {};
+         var _ruleKeys = context.validator().getRuleKeys().filter(function (key) {
+           return key !== 'maprules';
+         }).sort(function (key1, key2) {
+           // alphabetize by localized title
+           return _t('issues.' + key1 + '.title') < _t('issues.' + key2 + '.title') ? -1 : 1;
+         });
 
-       Assert.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       Assert.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return Assert
-       };
-       Assert.shouldNeverReachHere = function shouldNeverReachHere () {
-         if (arguments.length === 0) {
-           Assert.shouldNeverReachHere(null);
-         } else if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var message = arguments[0];
-           throw new AssertionFailedException('Should never reach here' + (message !== null ? ': ' + message : ''))
+         function renderDisclosureContent(selection) {
+           var container = selection.selectAll('.issues-rulelist-container').data([0]);
+           var containerEnter = container.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'issues-rulelist-container');
+           containerEnter.append('ul').attr('class', 'layer-list issue-rules-list');
+           var ruleLinks = containerEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'issue-rules-links section-footer');
+           ruleLinks.append('a').attr('class', 'issue-rules-link').attr('href', '#').html(_t.html('issues.disable_all')).on('click', function (d3_event) {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             context.validator().disableRules(_ruleKeys);
+           });
+           ruleLinks.append('a').attr('class', 'issue-rules-link').attr('href', '#').html(_t.html('issues.enable_all')).on('click', function (d3_event) {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             context.validator().disableRules([]);
+           }); // Update
+
+           container = container.merge(containerEnter);
+           container.selectAll('.issue-rules-list').call(drawListItems, _ruleKeys, 'checkbox', 'rule', toggleRule, isRuleEnabled);
          }
-       };
-       Assert.isTrue = function isTrue () {
-         var assertion;
-         var message;
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           assertion = arguments[0];
-           Assert.isTrue(assertion, null);
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           assertion = arguments[0];
-           message = arguments[1];
-           if (!assertion) {
-             if (message === null) {
-               throw new AssertionFailedException()
-             } else {
-               throw new AssertionFailedException(message)
+
+         function drawListItems(selection, data, type, name, change, active) {
+           var items = selection.selectAll('li').data(data); // Exit
+
+           items.exit().remove(); // Enter
+
+           var enter = items.enter().append('li');
+
+           if (name === 'rule') {
+             enter.call(uiTooltip().title(function (d) {
+               return _t.html('issues.' + d + '.tip');
+             }).placement('top'));
+           }
+
+           var label = enter.append('label');
+           label.append('input').attr('type', type).attr('name', name).on('change', change);
+           label.append('span').html(function (d) {
+             var params = {};
+
+             if (d === 'unsquare_way') {
+               params.val = '<span class="square-degrees"></span>';
              }
+
+             return _t.html('issues.' + d + '.title', params);
+           }); // Update
+
+           items = items.merge(enter);
+           items.classed('active', active).selectAll('input').property('checked', active).property('indeterminate', false); // user-configurable square threshold
+
+           var degStr = corePreferences('validate-square-degrees');
+
+           if (degStr === null) {
+             degStr = DEFAULTSQUARE.toString();
            }
+
+           var span = items.selectAll('.square-degrees');
+           var input = span.selectAll('.square-degrees-input').data([0]); // enter / update
+
+           input.enter().append('input').attr('type', 'number').attr('min', MINSQUARE.toString()).attr('max', MAXSQUARE.toString()).attr('step', '0.5').attr('class', 'square-degrees-input').call(utilNoAuto).on('click', function (d3_event) {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             d3_event.stopPropagation();
+             this.select();
+           }).on('keyup', function (d3_event) {
+             if (d3_event.keyCode === 13) {
+               // ↩ Return
+               this.blur();
+               this.select();
+             }
+           }).on('blur', changeSquare).merge(input).property('value', degStr);
          }
-       };
-       Assert.equals = function equals () {
-         var expectedValue;
-         var actualValue;
-         var message;
-         if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           expectedValue = arguments[0];
-           actualValue = arguments[1];
-           Assert.equals(expectedValue, actualValue, null);
-         } else if (arguments.length === 3) {
-           expectedValue = arguments[0];
-           actualValue = arguments[1];
-           message = arguments[2];
-           if (!actualValue.equals(expectedValue)) {
-             throw new AssertionFailedException('Expected ' + expectedValue + ' but encountered ' + actualValue + (message !== null ? ': ' + message : ''))
+
+         function changeSquare() {
+           var input = select(this);
+           var degStr = utilGetSetValue(input).trim();
+           var degNum = parseFloat(degStr, 10);
+
+           if (!isFinite(degNum)) {
+             degNum = DEFAULTSQUARE;
+           } else if (degNum > MAXSQUARE) {
+             degNum = MAXSQUARE;
+           } else if (degNum < MINSQUARE) {
+             degNum = MINSQUARE;
            }
+
+           degNum = Math.round(degNum * 10) / 10; // round to 1 decimal
+
+           degStr = degNum.toString();
+           input.property('value', degStr);
+           corePreferences('validate-square-degrees', degStr);
+           context.validator().revalidateUnsquare();
          }
-       };
 
-       var LineIntersector = function LineIntersector () {
-         this._result = null;
-         this._inputLines = Array(2).fill().map(function () { return Array(2); });
-         this._intPt = new Array(2).fill(null);
-         this._intLineIndex = null;
-         this._isProper = null;
-         this._pa = null;
-         this._pb = null;
-         this._precisionModel = null;
-         this._intPt[0] = new Coordinate();
-         this._intPt[1] = new Coordinate();
-         this._pa = this._intPt[0];
-         this._pb = this._intPt[1];
-         this._result = 0;
-       };
+         function isRuleEnabled(d) {
+           return context.validator().isRuleEnabled(d);
+         }
 
-       var staticAccessors$10 = { DONT_INTERSECT: { configurable: true },DO_INTERSECT: { configurable: true },COLLINEAR: { configurable: true },NO_INTERSECTION: { configurable: true },POINT_INTERSECTION: { configurable: true },COLLINEAR_INTERSECTION: { configurable: true } };
-       LineIntersector.prototype.getIndexAlongSegment = function getIndexAlongSegment (segmentIndex, intIndex) {
-         this.computeIntLineIndex();
-         return this._intLineIndex[segmentIndex][intIndex]
-       };
-       LineIntersector.prototype.getTopologySummary = function getTopologySummary () {
-         var catBuf = new StringBuffer();
-         if (this.isEndPoint()) { catBuf.append(' endpoint'); }
-         if (this._isProper) { catBuf.append(' proper'); }
-         if (this.isCollinear()) { catBuf.append(' collinear'); }
-         return catBuf.toString()
-       };
-       LineIntersector.prototype.computeIntersection = function computeIntersection (p1, p2, p3, p4) {
-         this._inputLines[0][0] = p1;
-         this._inputLines[0][1] = p2;
-         this._inputLines[1][0] = p3;
-         this._inputLines[1][1] = p4;
-         this._result = this.computeIntersect(p1, p2, p3, p4);
-       };
-       LineIntersector.prototype.getIntersectionNum = function getIntersectionNum () {
-         return this._result
-       };
-       LineIntersector.prototype.computeIntLineIndex = function computeIntLineIndex () {
-         if (arguments.length === 0) {
-           if (this._intLineIndex === null) {
-             this._intLineIndex = Array(2).fill().map(function () { return Array(2); });
-             this.computeIntLineIndex(0);
-             this.computeIntLineIndex(1);
-           }
-         } else if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var segmentIndex = arguments[0];
-           var dist0 = this.getEdgeDistance(segmentIndex, 0);
-           var dist1 = this.getEdgeDistance(segmentIndex, 1);
-           if (dist0 > dist1) {
-             this._intLineIndex[segmentIndex][0] = 0;
-             this._intLineIndex[segmentIndex][1] = 1;
-           } else {
-             this._intLineIndex[segmentIndex][0] = 1;
-             this._intLineIndex[segmentIndex][1] = 0;
-           }
+         function toggleRule(d3_event, d) {
+           context.validator().toggleRule(d);
          }
-       };
-       LineIntersector.prototype.isProper = function isProper () {
-         return this.hasIntersection() && this._isProper
-       };
-       LineIntersector.prototype.setPrecisionModel = function setPrecisionModel (precisionModel) {
-         this._precisionModel = precisionModel;
-       };
-       LineIntersector.prototype.isInteriorIntersection = function isInteriorIntersection () {
-           var this$1 = this;
 
-         if (arguments.length === 0) {
-           if (this.isInteriorIntersection(0)) { return true }
-           if (this.isInteriorIntersection(1)) { return true }
-           return false
-         } else if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var inputLineIndex = arguments[0];
-           for (var i = 0; i < this._result; i++) {
-             if (!(this$1._intPt[i].equals2D(this$1._inputLines[inputLineIndex][0]) || this$1._intPt[i].equals2D(this$1._inputLines[inputLineIndex][1]))) {
-               return true
-             }
-           }
-           return false
+         context.validator().on('validated.uiSectionValidationRules', function () {
+           window.requestIdleCallback(section.reRender);
+         });
+         return section;
+       }
+
+       function uiSectionValidationStatus(context) {
+         var section = uiSection('issues-status', context).content(renderContent).shouldDisplay(function () {
+           var issues = context.validator().getIssues(getOptions());
+           return issues.length === 0;
+         });
+
+         function getOptions() {
+           return {
+             what: corePreferences('validate-what') || 'edited',
+             where: corePreferences('validate-where') || 'all'
+           };
          }
-       };
-       LineIntersector.prototype.getIntersection = function getIntersection (intIndex) {
-         return this._intPt[intIndex]
-       };
-       LineIntersector.prototype.isEndPoint = function isEndPoint () {
-         return this.hasIntersection() && !this._isProper
-       };
-       LineIntersector.prototype.hasIntersection = function hasIntersection () {
-         return this._result !== LineIntersector.NO_INTERSECTION
-       };
-       LineIntersector.prototype.getEdgeDistance = function getEdgeDistance (segmentIndex, intIndex) {
-         var dist = LineIntersector.computeEdgeDistance(this._intPt[intIndex], this._inputLines[segmentIndex][0], this._inputLines[segmentIndex][1]);
-         return dist
-       };
-       LineIntersector.prototype.isCollinear = function isCollinear () {
-         return this._result === LineIntersector.COLLINEAR_INTERSECTION
-       };
-       LineIntersector.prototype.toString = function toString () {
-         return WKTWriter.toLineString(this._inputLines[0][0], this._inputLines[0][1]) + ' - ' + WKTWriter.toLineString(this._inputLines[1][0], this._inputLines[1][1]) + this.getTopologySummary()
-       };
-       LineIntersector.prototype.getEndpoint = function getEndpoint (segmentIndex, ptIndex) {
-         return this._inputLines[segmentIndex][ptIndex]
-       };
-       LineIntersector.prototype.isIntersection = function isIntersection (pt) {
-           var this$1 = this;
 
-         for (var i = 0; i < this._result; i++) {
-           if (this$1._intPt[i].equals2D(pt)) {
-             return true
-           }
+         function renderContent(selection) {
+           var box = selection.selectAll('.box').data([0]);
+           var boxEnter = box.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'box');
+           boxEnter.append('div').call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-apply', 'pre-text'));
+           var noIssuesMessage = boxEnter.append('span');
+           noIssuesMessage.append('strong').attr('class', 'message');
+           noIssuesMessage.append('br');
+           noIssuesMessage.append('span').attr('class', 'details');
+           renderIgnoredIssuesReset(selection);
+           setNoIssuesText(selection);
          }
-         return false
-       };
-       LineIntersector.prototype.getIntersectionAlongSegment = function getIntersectionAlongSegment (segmentIndex, intIndex) {
-         this.computeIntLineIndex();
-         return this._intPt[this._intLineIndex[segmentIndex][intIndex]]
-       };
-       LineIntersector.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       LineIntersector.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return LineIntersector
-       };
-       LineIntersector.computeEdgeDistance = function computeEdgeDistance (p, p0, p1) {
-         var dx = Math.abs(p1.x - p0.x);
-         var dy = Math.abs(p1.y - p0.y);
-         var dist = -1.0;
-         if (p.equals(p0)) {
-           dist = 0.0;
-         } else if (p.equals(p1)) {
-           if (dx > dy) { dist = dx; } else { dist = dy; }
-         } else {
-           var pdx = Math.abs(p.x - p0.x);
-           var pdy = Math.abs(p.y - p0.y);
-           if (dx > dy) { dist = pdx; } else { dist = pdy; }
-           if (dist === 0.0 && !p.equals(p0)) {
-             dist = Math.max(pdx, pdy);
-           }
+
+         function renderIgnoredIssuesReset(selection) {
+           var ignoredIssues = context.validator().getIssues({
+             what: 'all',
+             where: 'all',
+             includeDisabledRules: true,
+             includeIgnored: 'only'
+           });
+           var resetIgnored = selection.selectAll('.reset-ignored').data(ignoredIssues.length ? [0] : []); // exit
+
+           resetIgnored.exit().remove(); // enter
+
+           var resetIgnoredEnter = resetIgnored.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'reset-ignored section-footer');
+           resetIgnoredEnter.append('a').attr('href', '#'); // update
+
+           resetIgnored = resetIgnored.merge(resetIgnoredEnter);
+           resetIgnored.select('a').html(_t('inspector.title_count', {
+             title: _t.html('issues.reset_ignored'),
+             count: ignoredIssues.length
+           }));
+           resetIgnored.on('click', function (d3_event) {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             context.validator().resetIgnoredIssues();
+           });
          }
-         Assert.isTrue(!(dist === 0.0 && !p.equals(p0)), 'Bad distance calculation');
-         return dist
-       };
-       LineIntersector.nonRobustComputeEdgeDistance = function nonRobustComputeEdgeDistance (p, p1, p2) {
-         var dx = p.x - p1.x;
-         var dy = p.y - p1.y;
-         var dist = Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
-         Assert.isTrue(!(dist === 0.0 && !p.equals(p1)), 'Invalid distance calculation');
-         return dist
-       };
-       staticAccessors$10.DONT_INTERSECT.get = function () { return 0 };
-       staticAccessors$10.DO_INTERSECT.get = function () { return 1 };
-       staticAccessors$10.COLLINEAR.get = function () { return 2 };
-       staticAccessors$10.NO_INTERSECTION.get = function () { return 0 };
-       staticAccessors$10.POINT_INTERSECTION.get = function () { return 1 };
-       staticAccessors$10.COLLINEAR_INTERSECTION.get = function () { return 2 };
-
-       Object.defineProperties( LineIntersector, staticAccessors$10 );
-
-       var RobustLineIntersector = (function (LineIntersector$$1) {
-         function RobustLineIntersector () {
-           LineIntersector$$1.apply(this, arguments);
-         }
-
-         if ( LineIntersector$$1 ) RobustLineIntersector.__proto__ = LineIntersector$$1;
-         RobustLineIntersector.prototype = Object.create( LineIntersector$$1 && LineIntersector$$1.prototype );
-         RobustLineIntersector.prototype.constructor = RobustLineIntersector;
-
-         RobustLineIntersector.prototype.isInSegmentEnvelopes = function isInSegmentEnvelopes (intPt) {
-           var env0 = new Envelope(this._inputLines[0][0], this._inputLines[0][1]);
-           var env1 = new Envelope(this._inputLines[1][0], this._inputLines[1][1]);
-           return env0.contains(intPt) && env1.contains(intPt)
-         };
-         RobustLineIntersector.prototype.computeIntersection = function computeIntersection () {
-           if (arguments.length === 3) {
-             var p = arguments[0];
-             var p1 = arguments[1];
-             var p2 = arguments[2];
-             this._isProper = false;
-             if (Envelope.intersects(p1, p2, p)) {
-               if (CGAlgorithms.orientationIndex(p1, p2, p) === 0 && CGAlgorithms.orientationIndex(p2, p1, p) === 0) {
-                 this._isProper = true;
-                 if (p.equals(p1) || p.equals(p2)) {
-                   this._isProper = false;
-                 }
-                 this._result = LineIntersector$$1.POINT_INTERSECTION;
-                 return null
-               }
-             }
-             this._result = LineIntersector$$1.NO_INTERSECTION;
-           } else { return LineIntersector$$1.prototype.computeIntersection.apply(this, arguments) }
-         };
-         RobustLineIntersector.prototype.normalizeToMinimum = function normalizeToMinimum (n1, n2, n3, n4, normPt) {
-           normPt.x = this.smallestInAbsValue(n1.x, n2.x, n3.x, n4.x);
-           normPt.y = this.smallestInAbsValue(n1.y, n2.y, n3.y, n4.y);
-           n1.x -= normPt.x;
-           n1.y -= normPt.y;
-           n2.x -= normPt.x;
-           n2.y -= normPt.y;
-           n3.x -= normPt.x;
-           n3.y -= normPt.y;
-           n4.x -= normPt.x;
-           n4.y -= normPt.y;
-         };
-         RobustLineIntersector.prototype.safeHCoordinateIntersection = function safeHCoordinateIntersection (p1, p2, q1, q2) {
-           var intPt = null;
-           try {
-             intPt = HCoordinate.intersection(p1, p2, q1, q2);
-           } catch (e) {
-             if (e instanceof NotRepresentableException) {
-               intPt = RobustLineIntersector.nearestEndpoint(p1, p2, q1, q2);
-             } else { throw e }
-           } finally {}
-           return intPt
-         };
-         RobustLineIntersector.prototype.intersection = function intersection (p1, p2, q1, q2) {
-           var intPt = this.intersectionWithNormalization(p1, p2, q1, q2);
-           if (!this.isInSegmentEnvelopes(intPt)) {
-             intPt = new Coordinate(RobustLineIntersector.nearestEndpoint(p1, p2, q1, q2));
-           }
-           if (this._precisionModel !== null) {
-             this._precisionModel.makePrecise(intPt);
-           }
-           return intPt
-         };
-         RobustLineIntersector.prototype.smallestInAbsValue = function smallestInAbsValue (x1, x2, x3, x4) {
-           var x = x1;
-           var xabs = Math.abs(x);
-           if (Math.abs(x2) < xabs) {
-             x = x2;
-             xabs = Math.abs(x2);
-           }
-           if (Math.abs(x3) < xabs) {
-             x = x3;
-             xabs = Math.abs(x3);
-           }
-           if (Math.abs(x4) < xabs) {
-             x = x4;
-           }
-           return x
-         };
-         RobustLineIntersector.prototype.checkDD = function checkDD (p1, p2, q1, q2, intPt) {
-           var intPtDD = CGAlgorithmsDD.intersection(p1, p2, q1, q2);
-           var isIn = this.isInSegmentEnvelopes(intPtDD);
-           System.out.println('DD in env = ' + isIn + '  --------------------- ' + intPtDD);
-           if (intPt.distance(intPtDD) > 0.0001) {
-             System.out.println('Distance = ' + intPt.distance(intPtDD));
-           }
-         };
-         RobustLineIntersector.prototype.intersectionWithNormalization = function intersectionWithNormalization (p1, p2, q1, q2) {
-           var n1 = new Coordinate(p1);
-           var n2 = new Coordinate(p2);
-           var n3 = new Coordinate(q1);
-           var n4 = new Coordinate(q2);
-           var normPt = new Coordinate();
-           this.normalizeToEnvCentre(n1, n2, n3, n4, normPt);
-           var intPt = this.safeHCoordinateIntersection(n1, n2, n3, n4);
-           intPt.x += normPt.x;
-           intPt.y += normPt.y;
-           return intPt
-         };
-         RobustLineIntersector.prototype.computeCollinearIntersection = function computeCollinearIntersection (p1, p2, q1, q2) {
-           var p1q1p2 = Envelope.intersects(p1, p2, q1);
-           var p1q2p2 = Envelope.intersects(p1, p2, q2);
-           var q1p1q2 = Envelope.intersects(q1, q2, p1);
-           var q1p2q2 = Envelope.intersects(q1, q2, p2);
-           if (p1q1p2 && p1q2p2) {
-             this._intPt[0] = q1;
-             this._intPt[1] = q2;
-             return LineIntersector$$1.COLLINEAR_INTERSECTION
-           }
-           if (q1p1q2 && q1p2q2) {
-             this._intPt[0] = p1;
-             this._intPt[1] = p2;
-             return LineIntersector$$1.COLLINEAR_INTERSECTION
-           }
-           if (p1q1p2 && q1p1q2) {
-             this._intPt[0] = q1;
-             this._intPt[1] = p1;
-             return q1.equals(p1) && !p1q2p2 && !q1p2q2 ? LineIntersector$$1.POINT_INTERSECTION : LineIntersector$$1.COLLINEAR_INTERSECTION
-           }
-           if (p1q1p2 && q1p2q2) {
-             this._intPt[0] = q1;
-             this._intPt[1] = p2;
-             return q1.equals(p2) && !p1q2p2 && !q1p1q2 ? LineIntersector$$1.POINT_INTERSECTION : LineIntersector$$1.COLLINEAR_INTERSECTION
-           }
-           if (p1q2p2 && q1p1q2) {
-             this._intPt[0] = q2;
-             this._intPt[1] = p1;
-             return q2.equals(p1) && !p1q1p2 && !q1p2q2 ? LineIntersector$$1.POINT_INTERSECTION : LineIntersector$$1.COLLINEAR_INTERSECTION
-           }
-           if (p1q2p2 && q1p2q2) {
-             this._intPt[0] = q2;
-             this._intPt[1] = p2;
-             return q2.equals(p2) && !p1q1p2 && !q1p1q2 ? LineIntersector$$1.POINT_INTERSECTION : LineIntersector$$1.COLLINEAR_INTERSECTION
-           }
-           return LineIntersector$$1.NO_INTERSECTION
-         };
-         RobustLineIntersector.prototype.normalizeToEnvCentre = function normalizeToEnvCentre (n00, n01, n10, n11, normPt) {
-           var minX0 = n00.x < n01.x ? n00.x : n01.x;
-           var minY0 = n00.y < n01.y ? n00.y : n01.y;
-           var maxX0 = n00.x > n01.x ? n00.x : n01.x;
-           var maxY0 = n00.y > n01.y ? n00.y : n01.y;
-           var minX1 = n10.x < n11.x ? n10.x : n11.x;
-           var minY1 = n10.y < n11.y ? n10.y : n11.y;
-           var maxX1 = n10.x > n11.x ? n10.x : n11.x;
-           var maxY1 = n10.y > n11.y ? n10.y : n11.y;
-           var intMinX = minX0 > minX1 ? minX0 : minX1;
-           var intMaxX = maxX0 < maxX1 ? maxX0 : maxX1;
-           var intMinY = minY0 > minY1 ? minY0 : minY1;
-           var intMaxY = maxY0 < maxY1 ? maxY0 : maxY1;
-           var intMidX = (intMinX + intMaxX) / 2.0;
-           var intMidY = (intMinY + intMaxY) / 2.0;
-           normPt.x = intMidX;
-           normPt.y = intMidY;
-           n00.x -= normPt.x;
-           n00.y -= normPt.y;
-           n01.x -= normPt.x;
-           n01.y -= normPt.y;
-           n10.x -= normPt.x;
-           n10.y -= normPt.y;
-           n11.x -= normPt.x;
-           n11.y -= normPt.y;
-         };
-         RobustLineIntersector.prototype.computeIntersect = function computeIntersect (p1, p2, q1, q2) {
-           this._isProper = false;
-           if (!Envelope.intersects(p1, p2, q1, q2)) { return LineIntersector$$1.NO_INTERSECTION }
-           var Pq1 = CGAlgorithms.orientationIndex(p1, p2, q1);
-           var Pq2 = CGAlgorithms.orientationIndex(p1, p2, q2);
-           if ((Pq1 > 0 && Pq2 > 0) || (Pq1 < 0 && Pq2 < 0)) {
-             return LineIntersector$$1.NO_INTERSECTION
-           }
-           var Qp1 = CGAlgorithms.orientationIndex(q1, q2, p1);
-           var Qp2 = CGAlgorithms.orientationIndex(q1, q2, p2);
-           if ((Qp1 > 0 && Qp2 > 0) || (Qp1 < 0 && Qp2 < 0)) {
-             return LineIntersector$$1.NO_INTERSECTION
-           }
-           var collinear = Pq1 === 0 && Pq2 === 0 && Qp1 === 0 && Qp2 === 0;
-           if (collinear) {
-             return this.computeCollinearIntersection(p1, p2, q1, q2)
-           }
-           if (Pq1 === 0 || Pq2 === 0 || Qp1 === 0 || Qp2 === 0) {
-             this._isProper = false;
-             if (p1.equals2D(q1) || p1.equals2D(q2)) {
-               this._intPt[0] = p1;
-             } else if (p2.equals2D(q1) || p2.equals2D(q2)) {
-               this._intPt[0] = p2;
-             } else if (Pq1 === 0) {
-               this._intPt[0] = new Coordinate(q1);
-             } else if (Pq2 === 0) {
-               this._intPt[0] = new Coordinate(q2);
-             } else if (Qp1 === 0) {
-               this._intPt[0] = new Coordinate(p1);
-             } else if (Qp2 === 0) {
-               this._intPt[0] = new Coordinate(p2);
+
+         function setNoIssuesText(selection) {
+           var opts = getOptions();
+
+           function checkForHiddenIssues(cases) {
+             for (var type in cases) {
+               var hiddenOpts = cases[type];
+               var hiddenIssues = context.validator().getIssues(hiddenOpts);
+
+               if (hiddenIssues.length) {
+                 selection.select('.box .details').html(_t.html('issues.no_issues.hidden_issues.' + type, {
+                   count: hiddenIssues.length.toString()
+                 }));
+                 return;
+               }
              }
-           } else {
-             this._isProper = true;
-             this._intPt[0] = this.intersection(p1, p2, q1, q2);
-           }
-           return LineIntersector$$1.POINT_INTERSECTION
-         };
-         RobustLineIntersector.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-           return []
-         };
-         RobustLineIntersector.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-           return RobustLineIntersector
-         };
-         RobustLineIntersector.nearestEndpoint = function nearestEndpoint (p1, p2, q1, q2) {
-           var nearestPt = p1;
-           var minDist = CGAlgorithms.distancePointLine(p1, q1, q2);
-           var dist = CGAlgorithms.distancePointLine(p2, q1, q2);
-           if (dist < minDist) {
-             minDist = dist;
-             nearestPt = p2;
+
+             selection.select('.box .details').html(_t.html('issues.no_issues.hidden_issues.none'));
            }
-           dist = CGAlgorithms.distancePointLine(q1, p1, p2);
-           if (dist < minDist) {
-             minDist = dist;
-             nearestPt = q1;
+
+           var messageType;
+
+           if (opts.what === 'edited' && opts.where === 'visible') {
+             messageType = 'edits_in_view';
+             checkForHiddenIssues({
+               elsewhere: {
+                 what: 'edited',
+                 where: 'all'
+               },
+               everything_else: {
+                 what: 'all',
+                 where: 'visible'
+               },
+               disabled_rules: {
+                 what: 'edited',
+                 where: 'visible',
+                 includeDisabledRules: 'only'
+               },
+               everything_else_elsewhere: {
+                 what: 'all',
+                 where: 'all'
+               },
+               disabled_rules_elsewhere: {
+                 what: 'edited',
+                 where: 'all',
+                 includeDisabledRules: 'only'
+               },
+               ignored_issues: {
+                 what: 'edited',
+                 where: 'visible',
+                 includeIgnored: 'only'
+               },
+               ignored_issues_elsewhere: {
+                 what: 'edited',
+                 where: 'all',
+                 includeIgnored: 'only'
+               }
+             });
+           } else if (opts.what === 'edited' && opts.where === 'all') {
+             messageType = 'edits';
+             checkForHiddenIssues({
+               everything_else: {
+                 what: 'all',
+                 where: 'all'
+               },
+               disabled_rules: {
+                 what: 'edited',
+                 where: 'all',
+                 includeDisabledRules: 'only'
+               },
+               ignored_issues: {
+                 what: 'edited',
+                 where: 'all',
+                 includeIgnored: 'only'
+               }
+             });
+           } else if (opts.what === 'all' && opts.where === 'visible') {
+             messageType = 'everything_in_view';
+             checkForHiddenIssues({
+               elsewhere: {
+                 what: 'all',
+                 where: 'all'
+               },
+               disabled_rules: {
+                 what: 'all',
+                 where: 'visible',
+                 includeDisabledRules: 'only'
+               },
+               disabled_rules_elsewhere: {
+                 what: 'all',
+                 where: 'all',
+                 includeDisabledRules: 'only'
+               },
+               ignored_issues: {
+                 what: 'all',
+                 where: 'visible',
+                 includeIgnored: 'only'
+               },
+               ignored_issues_elsewhere: {
+                 what: 'all',
+                 where: 'all',
+                 includeIgnored: 'only'
+               }
+             });
+           } else if (opts.what === 'all' && opts.where === 'all') {
+             messageType = 'everything';
+             checkForHiddenIssues({
+               disabled_rules: {
+                 what: 'all',
+                 where: 'all',
+                 includeDisabledRules: 'only'
+               },
+               ignored_issues: {
+                 what: 'all',
+                 where: 'all',
+                 includeIgnored: 'only'
+               }
+             });
            }
-           dist = CGAlgorithms.distancePointLine(q2, p1, p2);
-           if (dist < minDist) {
-             minDist = dist;
-             nearestPt = q2;
+
+           if (opts.what === 'edited' && context.history().difference().summary().length === 0) {
+             messageType = 'no_edits';
            }
-           return nearestPt
-         };
 
-         return RobustLineIntersector;
-       }(LineIntersector));
+           selection.select('.box .message').html(_t.html('issues.no_issues.message.' + messageType));
+         }
+
+         context.validator().on('validated.uiSectionValidationStatus', function () {
+           window.requestIdleCallback(section.reRender);
+         });
+         context.map().on('move.uiSectionValidationStatus', debounce(function () {
+           window.requestIdleCallback(section.reRender);
+         }, 1000));
+         return section;
+       }
 
-       var RobustDeterminant = function RobustDeterminant () {};
+       function uiPaneIssues(context) {
+         var issuesPane = uiPane('issues', context).key(_t('issues.key')).label(_t.html('issues.title')).description(_t.html('issues.title')).iconName('iD-icon-alert').sections([uiSectionValidationOptions(context), uiSectionValidationStatus(context), uiSectionValidationIssues('issues-errors', 'error', context), uiSectionValidationIssues('issues-warnings', 'warning', context), uiSectionValidationRules(context)]);
+         return issuesPane;
+       }
 
-       RobustDeterminant.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       RobustDeterminant.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return RobustDeterminant
-       };
-       RobustDeterminant.orientationIndex = function orientationIndex (p1, p2, q) {
-         var dx1 = p2.x - p1.x;
-         var dy1 = p2.y - p1.y;
-         var dx2 = q.x - p2.x;
-         var dy2 = q.y - p2.y;
-         return RobustDeterminant.signOfDet2x2(dx1, dy1, dx2, dy2)
-       };
-       RobustDeterminant.signOfDet2x2 = function signOfDet2x2 (x1, y1, x2, y2) {
-         var sign = null;
-         var swap = null;
-         var k = null;
-         sign = 1;
-         if (x1 === 0.0 || y2 === 0.0) {
-           if (y1 === 0.0 || x2 === 0.0) {
-             return 0
-           } else if (y1 > 0) {
-             if (x2 > 0) {
-               return -sign
-             } else {
-               return sign
-             }
-           } else {
-             if (x2 > 0) {
-               return sign
+       function uiSettingsCustomData(context) {
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('change');
+
+         function render(selection) {
+           var dataLayer = context.layers().layer('data'); // keep separate copies of original and current settings
+
+           var _origSettings = {
+             fileList: dataLayer && dataLayer.fileList() || null,
+             url: corePreferences('settings-custom-data-url')
+           };
+           var _currSettings = {
+             fileList: dataLayer && dataLayer.fileList() || null,
+             url: corePreferences('settings-custom-data-url')
+           }; // var example = 'https://{switch:a,b,c}.tile.openstreetmap.org/{zoom}/{x}/{y}.png';
+
+           var modal = uiConfirm(selection).okButton();
+           modal.classed('settings-modal settings-custom-data', true);
+           modal.select('.modal-section.header').append('h3').html(_t.html('settings.custom_data.header'));
+           var textSection = modal.select('.modal-section.message-text');
+           textSection.append('pre').attr('class', 'instructions-file').html(_t.html('settings.custom_data.file.instructions'));
+           textSection.append('input').attr('class', 'field-file').attr('type', 'file').property('files', _currSettings.fileList) // works for all except IE11
+           .on('change', function (d3_event) {
+             var files = d3_event.target.files;
+
+             if (files && files.length) {
+               _currSettings.url = '';
+               textSection.select('.field-url').property('value', '');
+               _currSettings.fileList = files;
              } else {
-               return -sign
+               _currSettings.fileList = null;
              }
-           }
-         }
-         if (y1 === 0.0 || x2 === 0.0) {
-           if (y2 > 0) {
-             if (x1 > 0) {
-               return sign
-             } else {
-               return -sign
+           });
+           textSection.append('h4').html(_t.html('settings.custom_data.or'));
+           textSection.append('pre').attr('class', 'instructions-url').html(_t.html('settings.custom_data.url.instructions'));
+           textSection.append('textarea').attr('class', 'field-url').attr('placeholder', _t('settings.custom_data.url.placeholder')).call(utilNoAuto).property('value', _currSettings.url); // insert a cancel button
+
+           var buttonSection = modal.select('.modal-section.buttons');
+           buttonSection.insert('button', '.ok-button').attr('class', 'button cancel-button secondary-action').html(_t.html('confirm.cancel'));
+           buttonSection.select('.cancel-button').on('click.cancel', clickCancel);
+           buttonSection.select('.ok-button').attr('disabled', isSaveDisabled).on('click.save', clickSave);
+
+           function isSaveDisabled() {
+             return null;
+           } // restore the original url
+
+
+           function clickCancel() {
+             textSection.select('.field-url').property('value', _origSettings.url);
+             corePreferences('settings-custom-data-url', _origSettings.url);
+             this.blur();
+             modal.close();
+           } // accept the current url
+
+
+           function clickSave() {
+             _currSettings.url = textSection.select('.field-url').property('value').trim(); // one or the other but not both
+
+             if (_currSettings.url) {
+               _currSettings.fileList = null;
              }
-           } else {
-             if (x1 > 0) {
-               return -sign
-             } else {
-               return sign
+
+             if (_currSettings.fileList) {
+               _currSettings.url = '';
              }
+
+             corePreferences('settings-custom-data-url', _currSettings.url);
+             this.blur();
+             modal.close();
+             dispatch.call('change', this, _currSettings);
            }
          }
-         if (y1 > 0.0) {
-           if (y2 > 0.0) {
-             if (y1 <= y2) ; else {
-               sign = -sign;
-               swap = x1;
-               x1 = x2;
-               x2 = swap;
-               swap = y1;
-               y1 = y2;
-               y2 = swap;
-             }
-           } else {
-             if (y1 <= -y2) {
-               sign = -sign;
-               x2 = -x2;
-               y2 = -y2;
-             } else {
-               swap = x1;
-               x1 = -x2;
-               x2 = swap;
-               swap = y1;
-               y1 = -y2;
-               y2 = swap;
-             }
-           }
-         } else {
-           if (y2 > 0.0) {
-             if (-y1 <= y2) {
-               sign = -sign;
-               x1 = -x1;
-               y1 = -y1;
-             } else {
-               swap = -x1;
-               x1 = x2;
-               x2 = swap;
-               swap = -y1;
-               y1 = y2;
-               y2 = swap;
-             }
-           } else {
-             if (y1 >= y2) {
-               x1 = -x1;
-               y1 = -y1;
-               x2 = -x2;
-               y2 = -y2;
-             } else {
-               sign = -sign;
-               swap = -x1;
-               x1 = -x2;
-               x2 = swap;
-               swap = -y1;
-               y1 = -y2;
-               y2 = swap;
-             }
-           }
+
+         return utilRebind(render, dispatch, 'on');
+       }
+
+       function uiSectionDataLayers(context) {
+         var settingsCustomData = uiSettingsCustomData(context).on('change', customChanged);
+         var layers = context.layers();
+         var section = uiSection('data-layers', context).label(_t.html('map_data.data_layers')).disclosureContent(renderDisclosureContent);
+
+         function renderDisclosureContent(selection) {
+           var container = selection.selectAll('.data-layer-container').data([0]);
+           container.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'data-layer-container').merge(container).call(drawOsmItems).call(drawQAItems).call(drawCustomDataItems).call(drawVectorItems) // Beta - Detroit mapping challenge
+           .call(drawPanelItems);
          }
-         if (x1 > 0.0) {
-           if (x2 > 0.0) {
-             if (x1 <= x2) ; else {
-               return sign
-             }
-           } else {
-             return sign
+
+         function showsLayer(which) {
+           var layer = layers.layer(which);
+
+           if (layer) {
+             return layer.enabled();
            }
-         } else {
-           if (x2 > 0.0) {
-             return -sign
-           } else {
-             if (x1 >= x2) {
-               sign = -sign;
-               x1 = -x1;
-               x2 = -x2;
-             } else {
-               return -sign
+
+           return false;
+         }
+
+         function setLayer(which, enabled) {
+           // Don't allow layer changes while drawing - #6584
+           var mode = context.mode();
+           if (mode && /^draw/.test(mode.id)) return;
+           var layer = layers.layer(which);
+
+           if (layer) {
+             layer.enabled(enabled);
+
+             if (!enabled && (which === 'osm' || which === 'notes')) {
+               context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
              }
            }
          }
-         while (true) {
-           k = Math.floor(x2 / x1);
-           x2 = x2 - k * x1;
-           y2 = y2 - k * y1;
-           if (y2 < 0.0) {
-             return -sign
-           }
-           if (y2 > y1) {
-             return sign
-           }
-           if (x1 > x2 + x2) {
-             if (y1 < y2 + y2) {
-               return sign
-             }
-           } else {
-             if (y1 > y2 + y2) {
-               return -sign
+
+         function toggleLayer(which) {
+           setLayer(which, !showsLayer(which));
+         }
+
+         function drawOsmItems(selection) {
+           var osmKeys = ['osm', 'notes'];
+           var osmLayers = layers.all().filter(function (obj) {
+             return osmKeys.indexOf(obj.id) !== -1;
+           });
+           var ul = selection.selectAll('.layer-list-osm').data([0]);
+           ul = ul.enter().append('ul').attr('class', 'layer-list layer-list-osm').merge(ul);
+           var li = ul.selectAll('.list-item').data(osmLayers);
+           li.exit().remove();
+           var liEnter = li.enter().append('li').attr('class', function (d) {
+             return 'list-item list-item-' + d.id;
+           });
+           var labelEnter = liEnter.append('label').each(function (d) {
+             if (d.id === 'osm') {
+               select(this).call(uiTooltip().title(_t.html('map_data.layers.' + d.id + '.tooltip')).keys([uiCmd('⌥' + _t('area_fill.wireframe.key'))]).placement('bottom'));
              } else {
-               x2 = x1 - x2;
-               y2 = y1 - y2;
-               sign = -sign;
+               select(this).call(uiTooltip().title(_t.html('map_data.layers.' + d.id + '.tooltip')).placement('bottom'));
              }
+           });
+           labelEnter.append('input').attr('type', 'checkbox').on('change', function (d3_event, d) {
+             toggleLayer(d.id);
+           });
+           labelEnter.append('span').html(function (d) {
+             return _t.html('map_data.layers.' + d.id + '.title');
+           }); // Update
+
+           li.merge(liEnter).classed('active', function (d) {
+             return d.layer.enabled();
+           }).selectAll('input').property('checked', function (d) {
+             return d.layer.enabled();
+           });
+         }
+
+         function drawQAItems(selection) {
+           var qaKeys = ['keepRight', 'improveOSM', 'osmose'];
+           var qaLayers = layers.all().filter(function (obj) {
+             return qaKeys.indexOf(obj.id) !== -1;
+           });
+           var ul = selection.selectAll('.layer-list-qa').data([0]);
+           ul = ul.enter().append('ul').attr('class', 'layer-list layer-list-qa').merge(ul);
+           var li = ul.selectAll('.list-item').data(qaLayers);
+           li.exit().remove();
+           var liEnter = li.enter().append('li').attr('class', function (d) {
+             return 'list-item list-item-' + d.id;
+           });
+           var labelEnter = liEnter.append('label').each(function (d) {
+             select(this).call(uiTooltip().title(_t.html('map_data.layers.' + d.id + '.tooltip')).placement('bottom'));
+           });
+           labelEnter.append('input').attr('type', 'checkbox').on('change', function (d3_event, d) {
+             toggleLayer(d.id);
+           });
+           labelEnter.append('span').html(function (d) {
+             return _t.html('map_data.layers.' + d.id + '.title');
+           }); // Update
+
+           li.merge(liEnter).classed('active', function (d) {
+             return d.layer.enabled();
+           }).selectAll('input').property('checked', function (d) {
+             return d.layer.enabled();
+           });
+         } // Beta feature - sample vector layers to support Detroit Mapping Challenge
+         // https://github.com/osmus/detroit-mapping-challenge
+
+
+         function drawVectorItems(selection) {
+           var dataLayer = layers.layer('data');
+           var vtData = [{
+             name: 'Detroit Neighborhoods/Parks',
+             src: 'neighborhoods-parks',
+             tooltip: 'Neighborhood boundaries and parks as compiled by City of Detroit in concert with community groups.',
+             template: 'https://{switch:a,b,c,d}.tiles.mapbox.com/v4/jonahadkins.cjksmur6x34562qp9iv1u3ksf-54hev,jonahadkins.cjksmqxdx33jj2wp90xd9x2md-4e5y2/{z}/{x}/{y}.vector.pbf?access_token=pk.eyJ1Ijoiam9uYWhhZGtpbnMiLCJhIjoiRlVVVkx3VSJ9.9sdVEK_B_VkEXPjssU5MqA'
+           }, {
+             name: 'Detroit Composite POIs',
+             src: 'composite-poi',
+             tooltip: 'Fire Inspections, Business Licenses, and other public location data collated from the City of Detroit.',
+             template: 'https://{switch:a,b,c,d}.tiles.mapbox.com/v4/jonahadkins.cjksmm6a02sli31myxhsr7zf3-2sw8h/{z}/{x}/{y}.vector.pbf?access_token=pk.eyJ1Ijoiam9uYWhhZGtpbnMiLCJhIjoiRlVVVkx3VSJ9.9sdVEK_B_VkEXPjssU5MqA'
+           }, {
+             name: 'Detroit All-The-Places POIs',
+             src: 'alltheplaces-poi',
+             tooltip: 'Public domain business location data created by web scrapers.',
+             template: 'https://{switch:a,b,c,d}.tiles.mapbox.com/v4/jonahadkins.cjksmswgk340g2vo06p1w9w0j-8fjjc/{z}/{x}/{y}.vector.pbf?access_token=pk.eyJ1Ijoiam9uYWhhZGtpbnMiLCJhIjoiRlVVVkx3VSJ9.9sdVEK_B_VkEXPjssU5MqA'
+           }]; // Only show this if the map is around Detroit..
+
+           var detroit = geoExtent([-83.5, 42.1], [-82.8, 42.5]);
+           var showVectorItems = context.map().zoom() > 9 && detroit.contains(context.map().center());
+           var container = selection.selectAll('.vectortile-container').data(showVectorItems ? [0] : []);
+           container.exit().remove();
+           var containerEnter = container.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'vectortile-container');
+           containerEnter.append('h4').attr('class', 'vectortile-header').html('Detroit Vector Tiles (Beta)');
+           containerEnter.append('ul').attr('class', 'layer-list layer-list-vectortile');
+           containerEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'vectortile-footer').append('a').attr('target', '_blank').call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-out-link', 'inline')).attr('href', 'https://github.com/osmus/detroit-mapping-challenge').append('span').html('About these layers');
+           container = container.merge(containerEnter);
+           var ul = container.selectAll('.layer-list-vectortile');
+           var li = ul.selectAll('.list-item').data(vtData);
+           li.exit().remove();
+           var liEnter = li.enter().append('li').attr('class', function (d) {
+             return 'list-item list-item-' + d.src;
+           });
+           var labelEnter = liEnter.append('label').each(function (d) {
+             select(this).call(uiTooltip().title(d.tooltip).placement('top'));
+           });
+           labelEnter.append('input').attr('type', 'radio').attr('name', 'vectortile').on('change', selectVTLayer);
+           labelEnter.append('span').html(function (d) {
+             return d.name;
+           }); // Update
+
+           li.merge(liEnter).classed('active', isVTLayerSelected).selectAll('input').property('checked', isVTLayerSelected);
+
+           function isVTLayerSelected(d) {
+             return dataLayer && dataLayer.template() === d.template;
            }
-           if (y2 === 0.0) {
-             if (x2 === 0.0) {
-               return 0
-             } else {
-               return -sign
+
+           function selectVTLayer(d3_event, d) {
+             corePreferences('settings-custom-data-url', d.template);
+
+             if (dataLayer) {
+               dataLayer.template(d.template, d.src);
+               dataLayer.enabled(true);
              }
            }
-           if (x2 === 0.0) {
-             return sign
-           }
-           k = Math.floor(x1 / x2);
-           x1 = x1 - k * x2;
-           y1 = y1 - k * y2;
-           if (y1 < 0.0) {
-             return sign
-           }
-           if (y1 > y2) {
-             return -sign
-           }
-           if (x2 > x1 + x1) {
-             if (y2 < y1 + y1) {
-               return -sign
-             }
-           } else {
-             if (y2 > y1 + y1) {
-               return sign
-             } else {
-               x1 = x2 - x1;
-               y1 = y2 - y1;
-               sign = -sign;
-             }
+         }
+
+         function drawCustomDataItems(selection) {
+           var dataLayer = layers.layer('data');
+           var hasData = dataLayer && dataLayer.hasData();
+           var showsData = hasData && dataLayer.enabled();
+           var ul = selection.selectAll('.layer-list-data').data(dataLayer ? [0] : []); // Exit
+
+           ul.exit().remove(); // Enter
+
+           var ulEnter = ul.enter().append('ul').attr('class', 'layer-list layer-list-data');
+           var liEnter = ulEnter.append('li').attr('class', 'list-item-data');
+           var labelEnter = liEnter.append('label').call(uiTooltip().title(_t.html('map_data.layers.custom.tooltip')).placement('top'));
+           labelEnter.append('input').attr('type', 'checkbox').on('change', function () {
+             toggleLayer('data');
+           });
+           labelEnter.append('span').html(_t.html('map_data.layers.custom.title'));
+           liEnter.append('button').attr('class', 'open-data-options').call(uiTooltip().title(_t.html('settings.custom_data.tooltip')).placement(_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl' ? 'right' : 'left')).on('click', function (d3_event) {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             editCustom();
+           }).call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-more'));
+           liEnter.append('button').attr('class', 'zoom-to-data').call(uiTooltip().title(_t.html('map_data.layers.custom.zoom')).placement(_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl' ? 'right' : 'left')).on('click', function (d3_event) {
+             if (select(this).classed('disabled')) return;
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             d3_event.stopPropagation();
+             dataLayer.fitZoom();
+           }).call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-framed-dot', 'monochrome')); // Update
+
+           ul = ul.merge(ulEnter);
+           ul.selectAll('.list-item-data').classed('active', showsData).selectAll('label').classed('deemphasize', !hasData).selectAll('input').property('disabled', !hasData).property('checked', showsData);
+           ul.selectAll('button.zoom-to-data').classed('disabled', !hasData);
+         }
+
+         function editCustom() {
+           context.container().call(settingsCustomData);
+         }
+
+         function customChanged(d) {
+           var dataLayer = layers.layer('data');
+
+           if (d && d.url) {
+             dataLayer.url(d.url);
+           } else if (d && d.fileList) {
+             dataLayer.fileList(d.fileList);
            }
-           if (y1 === 0.0) {
-             if (x1 === 0.0) {
-               return 0
-             } else {
-               return sign
+         }
+
+         function drawPanelItems(selection) {
+           var panelsListEnter = selection.selectAll('.md-extras-list').data([0]).enter().append('ul').attr('class', 'layer-list md-extras-list');
+           var historyPanelLabelEnter = panelsListEnter.append('li').attr('class', 'history-panel-toggle-item').append('label').call(uiTooltip().title(_t.html('map_data.history_panel.tooltip')).keys([uiCmd('⌘⇧' + _t('info_panels.history.key'))]).placement('top'));
+           historyPanelLabelEnter.append('input').attr('type', 'checkbox').on('change', function (d3_event) {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             context.ui().info.toggle('history');
+           });
+           historyPanelLabelEnter.append('span').html(_t.html('map_data.history_panel.title'));
+           var measurementPanelLabelEnter = panelsListEnter.append('li').attr('class', 'measurement-panel-toggle-item').append('label').call(uiTooltip().title(_t.html('map_data.measurement_panel.tooltip')).keys([uiCmd('⌘⇧' + _t('info_panels.measurement.key'))]).placement('top'));
+           measurementPanelLabelEnter.append('input').attr('type', 'checkbox').on('change', function (d3_event) {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             context.ui().info.toggle('measurement');
+           });
+           measurementPanelLabelEnter.append('span').html(_t.html('map_data.measurement_panel.title'));
+         }
+
+         context.layers().on('change.uiSectionDataLayers', section.reRender);
+         context.map().on('move.uiSectionDataLayers', debounce(function () {
+           // Detroit layers may have moved in or out of view
+           window.requestIdleCallback(section.reRender);
+         }, 1000));
+         return section;
+       }
+
+       function uiSectionMapFeatures(context) {
+         var _features = context.features().keys();
+
+         var section = uiSection('map-features', context).label(_t.html('map_data.map_features')).disclosureContent(renderDisclosureContent).expandedByDefault(false);
+
+         function renderDisclosureContent(selection) {
+           var container = selection.selectAll('.layer-feature-list-container').data([0]);
+           var containerEnter = container.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'layer-feature-list-container');
+           containerEnter.append('ul').attr('class', 'layer-list layer-feature-list');
+           var footer = containerEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'feature-list-links section-footer');
+           footer.append('a').attr('class', 'feature-list-link').attr('href', '#').html(_t.html('issues.disable_all')).on('click', function (d3_event) {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             context.features().disableAll();
+           });
+           footer.append('a').attr('class', 'feature-list-link').attr('href', '#').html(_t.html('issues.enable_all')).on('click', function (d3_event) {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             context.features().enableAll();
+           }); // Update
+
+           container = container.merge(containerEnter);
+           container.selectAll('.layer-feature-list').call(drawListItems, _features, 'checkbox', 'feature', clickFeature, showsFeature);
+         }
+
+         function drawListItems(selection, data, type, name, change, active) {
+           var items = selection.selectAll('li').data(data); // Exit
+
+           items.exit().remove(); // Enter
+
+           var enter = items.enter().append('li').call(uiTooltip().title(function (d) {
+             var tip = _t.html(name + '.' + d + '.tooltip');
+
+             if (autoHiddenFeature(d)) {
+               var msg = showsLayer('osm') ? _t.html('map_data.autohidden') : _t.html('map_data.osmhidden');
+               tip += '<div>' + msg + '</div>';
              }
-           }
-           if (x1 === 0.0) {
-             return -sign
-           }
+
+             return tip;
+           }).placement('top'));
+           var label = enter.append('label');
+           label.append('input').attr('type', type).attr('name', name).on('change', change);
+           label.append('span').html(function (d) {
+             return _t.html(name + '.' + d + '.description');
+           }); // Update
+
+           items = items.merge(enter);
+           items.classed('active', active).selectAll('input').property('checked', active).property('indeterminate', autoHiddenFeature);
          }
-       };
 
-       var RayCrossingCounter = function RayCrossingCounter () {
-         this._p = null;
-         this._crossingCount = 0;
-         this._isPointOnSegment = false;
-         var p = arguments[0];
-         this._p = p;
-       };
-       RayCrossingCounter.prototype.countSegment = function countSegment (p1, p2) {
-         if (p1.x < this._p.x && p2.x < this._p.x) { return null }
-         if (this._p.x === p2.x && this._p.y === p2.y) {
-           this._isPointOnSegment = true;
-           return null
-         }
-         if (p1.y === this._p.y && p2.y === this._p.y) {
-           var minx = p1.x;
-           var maxx = p2.x;
-           if (minx > maxx) {
-             minx = p2.x;
-             maxx = p1.x;
-           }
-           if (this._p.x >= minx && this._p.x <= maxx) {
-             this._isPointOnSegment = true;
-           }
-           return null
-         }
-         if ((p1.y > this._p.y && p2.y <= this._p.y) || (p2.y > this._p.y && p1.y <= this._p.y)) {
-           var x1 = p1.x - this._p.x;
-           var y1 = p1.y - this._p.y;
-           var x2 = p2.x - this._p.x;
-           var y2 = p2.y - this._p.y;
-           var xIntSign = RobustDeterminant.signOfDet2x2(x1, y1, x2, y2);
-           if (xIntSign === 0.0) {
-             this._isPointOnSegment = true;
-             return null
-           }
-           if (y2 < y1) { xIntSign = -xIntSign; }
-           if (xIntSign > 0.0) {
-             this._crossingCount++;
-           }
+         function autoHiddenFeature(d) {
+           return context.features().autoHidden(d);
          }
-       };
-       RayCrossingCounter.prototype.isPointInPolygon = function isPointInPolygon () {
-         return this.getLocation() !== Location.EXTERIOR
-       };
-       RayCrossingCounter.prototype.getLocation = function getLocation () {
-         if (this._isPointOnSegment) { return Location.BOUNDARY }
-         if (this._crossingCount % 2 === 1) {
-           return Location.INTERIOR
+
+         function showsFeature(d) {
+           return context.features().enabled(d);
          }
-         return Location.EXTERIOR
-       };
-       RayCrossingCounter.prototype.isOnSegment = function isOnSegment () {
-         return this._isPointOnSegment
-       };
-       RayCrossingCounter.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       RayCrossingCounter.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return RayCrossingCounter
-       };
-       RayCrossingCounter.locatePointInRing = function locatePointInRing () {
-         if (arguments[0] instanceof Coordinate && hasInterface(arguments[1], CoordinateSequence)) {
-           var p = arguments[0];
-           var ring = arguments[1];
-           var counter = new RayCrossingCounter(p);
-           var p1 = new Coordinate();
-           var p2 = new Coordinate();
-           for (var i = 1; i < ring.size(); i++) {
-             ring.getCoordinate(i, p1);
-             ring.getCoordinate(i - 1, p2);
-             counter.countSegment(p1, p2);
-             if (counter.isOnSegment()) { return counter.getLocation() }
-           }
-           return counter.getLocation()
-         } else if (arguments[0] instanceof Coordinate && arguments[1] instanceof Array) {
-           var p$1 = arguments[0];
-           var ring$1 = arguments[1];
-           var counter$1 = new RayCrossingCounter(p$1);
-           for (var i$1 = 1; i$1 < ring$1.length; i$1++) {
-             var p1$1 = ring$1[i$1];
-             var p2$1 = ring$1[i$1 - 1];
-             counter$1.countSegment(p1$1, p2$1);
-             if (counter$1.isOnSegment()) { return counter$1.getLocation() }
-           }
-           return counter$1.getLocation()
+
+         function clickFeature(d3_event, d) {
+           context.features().toggle(d);
          }
-       };
 
-       var CGAlgorithms = function CGAlgorithms () {};
+         function showsLayer(id) {
+           var layer = context.layers().layer(id);
+           return layer && layer.enabled();
+         } // add listeners
 
-       var staticAccessors$3 = { CLOCKWISE: { configurable: true },RIGHT: { configurable: true },COUNTERCLOCKWISE: { configurable: true },LEFT: { configurable: true },COLLINEAR: { configurable: true },STRAIGHT: { configurable: true } };
 
-       CGAlgorithms.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       CGAlgorithms.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return CGAlgorithms
-       };
-       CGAlgorithms.orientationIndex = function orientationIndex (p1, p2, q) {
-         return CGAlgorithmsDD.orientationIndex(p1, p2, q)
-       };
-       CGAlgorithms.signedArea = function signedArea () {
-         if (arguments[0] instanceof Array) {
-           var ring = arguments[0];
-           if (ring.length < 3) { return 0.0 }
-           var sum = 0.0;
-           var x0 = ring[0].x;
-           for (var i = 1; i < ring.length - 1; i++) {
-             var x = ring[i].x - x0;
-             var y1 = ring[i + 1].y;
-             var y2 = ring[i - 1].y;
-             sum += x * (y2 - y1);
-           }
-           return sum / 2.0
-         } else if (hasInterface(arguments[0], CoordinateSequence)) {
-           var ring$1 = arguments[0];
-           var n = ring$1.size();
-           if (n < 3) { return 0.0 }
-           var p0 = new Coordinate();
-           var p1 = new Coordinate();
-           var p2 = new Coordinate();
-           ring$1.getCoordinate(0, p1);
-           ring$1.getCoordinate(1, p2);
-           var x0$1 = p1.x;
-           p2.x -= x0$1;
-           var sum$1 = 0.0;
-           for (var i$1 = 1; i$1 < n - 1; i$1++) {
-             p0.y = p1.y;
-             p1.x = p2.x;
-             p1.y = p2.y;
-             ring$1.getCoordinate(i$1 + 1, p2);
-             p2.x -= x0$1;
-             sum$1 += p1.x * (p0.y - p2.y);
-           }
-           return sum$1 / 2.0
+         context.features().on('change.map_features', section.reRender);
+         return section;
+       }
+
+       function uiSectionMapStyleOptions(context) {
+         var section = uiSection('fill-area', context).label(_t.html('map_data.style_options')).disclosureContent(renderDisclosureContent).expandedByDefault(false);
+
+         function renderDisclosureContent(selection) {
+           var container = selection.selectAll('.layer-fill-list').data([0]);
+           container.enter().append('ul').attr('class', 'layer-list layer-fill-list').merge(container).call(drawListItems, context.map().areaFillOptions, 'radio', 'area_fill', setFill, isActiveFill);
+           var container2 = selection.selectAll('.layer-visual-diff-list').data([0]);
+           container2.enter().append('ul').attr('class', 'layer-list layer-visual-diff-list').merge(container2).call(drawListItems, ['highlight_edits'], 'checkbox', 'visual_diff', toggleHighlightEdited, function () {
+             return context.surface().classed('highlight-edited');
+           });
          }
-       };
-       CGAlgorithms.distanceLineLine = function distanceLineLine (A, B, C, D) {
-         if (A.equals(B)) { return CGAlgorithms.distancePointLine(A, C, D) }
-         if (C.equals(D)) { return CGAlgorithms.distancePointLine(D, A, B) }
-         var noIntersection = false;
-         if (!Envelope.intersects(A, B, C, D)) {
-           noIntersection = true;
-         } else {
-           var denom = (B.x - A.x) * (D.y - C.y) - (B.y - A.y) * (D.x - C.x);
-           if (denom === 0) {
-             noIntersection = true;
-           } else {
-             var rNumb = (A.y - C.y) * (D.x - C.x) - (A.x - C.x) * (D.y - C.y);
-             var sNum = (A.y - C.y) * (B.x - A.x) - (A.x - C.x) * (B.y - A.y);
-             var s = sNum / denom;
-             var r = rNumb / denom;
-             if (r < 0 || r > 1 || s < 0 || s > 1) {
-               noIntersection = true;
-             }
-           }
+
+         function drawListItems(selection, data, type, name, change, active) {
+           var items = selection.selectAll('li').data(data); // Exit
+
+           items.exit().remove(); // Enter
+
+           var enter = items.enter().append('li').call(uiTooltip().title(function (d) {
+             return _t.html(name + '.' + d + '.tooltip');
+           }).keys(function (d) {
+             var key = d === 'wireframe' ? _t('area_fill.wireframe.key') : null;
+             if (d === 'highlight_edits') key = _t('map_data.highlight_edits.key');
+             return key ? [key] : null;
+           }).placement('top'));
+           var label = enter.append('label');
+           label.append('input').attr('type', type).attr('name', name).on('change', change);
+           label.append('span').html(function (d) {
+             return _t.html(name + '.' + d + '.description');
+           }); // Update
+
+           items = items.merge(enter);
+           items.classed('active', active).selectAll('input').property('checked', active).property('indeterminate', false);
          }
-         if (noIntersection) {
-           return MathUtil.min(CGAlgorithms.distancePointLine(A, C, D), CGAlgorithms.distancePointLine(B, C, D), CGAlgorithms.distancePointLine(C, A, B), CGAlgorithms.distancePointLine(D, A, B))
+
+         function isActiveFill(d) {
+           return context.map().activeAreaFill() === d;
          }
-         return 0.0
-       };
-       CGAlgorithms.isPointInRing = function isPointInRing (p, ring) {
-         return CGAlgorithms.locatePointInRing(p, ring) !== Location.EXTERIOR
-       };
-       CGAlgorithms.computeLength = function computeLength (pts) {
-         var n = pts.size();
-         if (n <= 1) { return 0.0 }
-         var len = 0.0;
-         var p = new Coordinate();
-         pts.getCoordinate(0, p);
-         var x0 = p.x;
-         var y0 = p.y;
-         for (var i = 1; i < n; i++) {
-           pts.getCoordinate(i, p);
-           var x1 = p.x;
-           var y1 = p.y;
-           var dx = x1 - x0;
-           var dy = y1 - y0;
-           len += Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
-           x0 = x1;
-           y0 = y1;
-         }
-         return len
-       };
-       CGAlgorithms.isCCW = function isCCW (ring) {
-         var nPts = ring.length - 1;
-         if (nPts < 3) { throw new IllegalArgumentException('Ring has fewer than 4 points, so orientation cannot be determined') }
-         var hiPt = ring[0];
-         var hiIndex = 0;
-         for (var i = 1; i <= nPts; i++) {
-           var p = ring[i];
-           if (p.y > hiPt.y) {
-             hiPt = p;
-             hiIndex = i;
-           }
-         }
-         var iPrev = hiIndex;
-         do {
-           iPrev = iPrev - 1;
-           if (iPrev < 0) { iPrev = nPts; }
-         } while (ring[iPrev].equals2D(hiPt) && iPrev !== hiIndex)
-         var iNext = hiIndex;
-         do {
-           iNext = (iNext + 1) % nPts;
-         } while (ring[iNext].equals2D(hiPt) && iNext !== hiIndex)
-         var prev = ring[iPrev];
-         var next = ring[iNext];
-         if (prev.equals2D(hiPt) || next.equals2D(hiPt) || prev.equals2D(next)) { return false }
-         var disc = CGAlgorithms.computeOrientation(prev, hiPt, next);
-         var isCCW = false;
-         if (disc === 0) {
-           isCCW = prev.x > next.x;
-         } else {
-           isCCW = disc > 0;
+
+         function toggleHighlightEdited(d3_event) {
+           d3_event.preventDefault();
+           context.map().toggleHighlightEdited();
          }
-         return isCCW
-       };
-       CGAlgorithms.locatePointInRing = function locatePointInRing (p, ring) {
-         return RayCrossingCounter.locatePointInRing(p, ring)
-       };
-       CGAlgorithms.distancePointLinePerpendicular = function distancePointLinePerpendicular (p, A, B) {
-         var len2 = (B.x - A.x) * (B.x - A.x) + (B.y - A.y) * (B.y - A.y);
-         var s = ((A.y - p.y) * (B.x - A.x) - (A.x - p.x) * (B.y - A.y)) / len2;
-         return Math.abs(s) * Math.sqrt(len2)
-       };
-       CGAlgorithms.computeOrientation = function computeOrientation (p1, p2, q) {
-         return CGAlgorithms.orientationIndex(p1, p2, q)
-       };
-       CGAlgorithms.distancePointLine = function distancePointLine () {
-         if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var p = arguments[0];
-           var line = arguments[1];
-           if (line.length === 0) { throw new IllegalArgumentException('Line array must contain at least one vertex') }
-           var minDistance = p.distance(line[0]);
-           for (var i = 0; i < line.length - 1; i++) {
-             var dist = CGAlgorithms.distancePointLine(p, line[i], line[i + 1]);
-             if (dist < minDistance) {
-               minDistance = dist;
-             }
-           }
-           return minDistance
-         } else if (arguments.length === 3) {
-           var p$1 = arguments[0];
-           var A = arguments[1];
-           var B = arguments[2];
-           if (A.x === B.x && A.y === B.y) { return p$1.distance(A) }
-           var len2 = (B.x - A.x) * (B.x - A.x) + (B.y - A.y) * (B.y - A.y);
-           var r = ((p$1.x - A.x) * (B.x - A.x) + (p$1.y - A.y) * (B.y - A.y)) / len2;
-           if (r <= 0.0) { return p$1.distance(A) }
-           if (r >= 1.0) { return p$1.distance(B) }
-           var s = ((A.y - p$1.y) * (B.x - A.x) - (A.x - p$1.x) * (B.y - A.y)) / len2;
-           return Math.abs(s) * Math.sqrt(len2)
+
+         function setFill(d3_event, d) {
+           context.map().activeAreaFill(d);
          }
-       };
-       CGAlgorithms.isOnLine = function isOnLine (p, pt) {
-         var lineIntersector = new RobustLineIntersector();
-         for (var i = 1; i < pt.length; i++) {
-           var p0 = pt[i - 1];
-           var p1 = pt[i];
-           lineIntersector.computeIntersection(p, p0, p1);
-           if (lineIntersector.hasIntersection()) {
-             return true
-           }
+
+         context.map().on('changeHighlighting.ui_style, changeAreaFill.ui_style', section.reRender);
+         return section;
+       }
+
+       function uiSectionPhotoOverlays(context) {
+         var layers = context.layers();
+         var section = uiSection('photo-overlays', context).label(_t.html('photo_overlays.title')).disclosureContent(renderDisclosureContent).expandedByDefault(false);
+
+         function renderDisclosureContent(selection) {
+           var container = selection.selectAll('.photo-overlay-container').data([0]);
+           container.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'photo-overlay-container').merge(container).call(drawPhotoItems).call(drawPhotoTypeItems).call(drawDateFilter).call(drawUsernameFilter);
          }
-         return false
-       };
-       staticAccessors$3.CLOCKWISE.get = function () { return -1 };
-       staticAccessors$3.RIGHT.get = function () { return CGAlgorithms.CLOCKWISE };
-       staticAccessors$3.COUNTERCLOCKWISE.get = function () { return 1 };
-       staticAccessors$3.LEFT.get = function () { return CGAlgorithms.COUNTERCLOCKWISE };
-       staticAccessors$3.COLLINEAR.get = function () { return 0 };
-       staticAccessors$3.STRAIGHT.get = function () { return CGAlgorithms.COLLINEAR };
 
-       Object.defineProperties( CGAlgorithms, staticAccessors$3 );
+         function drawPhotoItems(selection) {
+           var photoKeys = context.photos().overlayLayerIDs();
+           var photoLayers = layers.all().filter(function (obj) {
+             return photoKeys.indexOf(obj.id) !== -1;
+           });
+           var data = photoLayers.filter(function (obj) {
+             return obj.layer.supported();
+           });
 
-       var GeometryComponentFilter = function GeometryComponentFilter () {};
+           function layerSupported(d) {
+             return d.layer && d.layer.supported();
+           }
 
-       GeometryComponentFilter.prototype.filter = function filter (geom) {};
-       GeometryComponentFilter.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       GeometryComponentFilter.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return GeometryComponentFilter
-       };
+           function layerEnabled(d) {
+             return layerSupported(d) && d.layer.enabled();
+           }
 
-       var Geometry = function Geometry () {
-         var factory = arguments[0];
+           var ul = selection.selectAll('.layer-list-photos').data([0]);
+           ul = ul.enter().append('ul').attr('class', 'layer-list layer-list-photos').merge(ul);
+           var li = ul.selectAll('.list-item-photos').data(data);
+           li.exit().remove();
+           var liEnter = li.enter().append('li').attr('class', function (d) {
+             var classes = 'list-item-photos list-item-' + d.id;
 
-         this._envelope = null;
-         this._factory = null;
-         this._SRID = null;
-         this._userData = null;
-         this._factory = factory;
-         this._SRID = factory.getSRID();
-       };
+             if (d.id === 'mapillary-signs' || d.id === 'mapillary-map-features') {
+               classes += ' indented';
+             }
 
-       var staticAccessors$11 = { serialVersionUID: { configurable: true },SORTINDEX_POINT: { configurable: true },SORTINDEX_MULTIPOINT: { configurable: true },SORTINDEX_LINESTRING: { configurable: true },SORTINDEX_LINEARRING: { configurable: true },SORTINDEX_MULTILINESTRING: { configurable: true },SORTINDEX_POLYGON: { configurable: true },SORTINDEX_MULTIPOLYGON: { configurable: true },SORTINDEX_GEOMETRYCOLLECTION: { configurable: true },geometryChangedFilter: { configurable: true } };
-       Geometry.prototype.isGeometryCollection = function isGeometryCollection () {
-         return this.getSortIndex() === Geometry.SORTINDEX_GEOMETRYCOLLECTION
-       };
-       Geometry.prototype.getFactory = function getFactory () {
-         return this._factory
-       };
-       Geometry.prototype.getGeometryN = function getGeometryN (n) {
-         return this
-       };
-       Geometry.prototype.getArea = function getArea () {
-         return 0.0
-       };
-       Geometry.prototype.isRectangle = function isRectangle () {
-         return false
-       };
-       Geometry.prototype.equals = function equals () {
-         if (arguments[0] instanceof Geometry) {
-           var g$1 = arguments[0];
-           if (g$1 === null) { return false }
-           return this.equalsTopo(g$1)
-         } else if (arguments[0] instanceof Object) {
-           var o = arguments[0];
-           if (!(o instanceof Geometry)) { return false }
-           var g = o;
-           return this.equalsExact(g)
+             return classes;
+           });
+           var labelEnter = liEnter.append('label').each(function (d) {
+             var titleID;
+             if (d.id === 'mapillary-signs') titleID = 'mapillary.signs.tooltip';else if (d.id === 'mapillary') titleID = 'mapillary_images.tooltip';else if (d.id === 'openstreetcam') titleID = 'openstreetcam_images.tooltip';else titleID = d.id.replace(/-/g, '_') + '.tooltip';
+             select(this).call(uiTooltip().title(_t.html(titleID)).placement('top'));
+           });
+           labelEnter.append('input').attr('type', 'checkbox').on('change', function (d3_event, d) {
+             toggleLayer(d.id);
+           });
+           labelEnter.append('span').html(function (d) {
+             var id = d.id;
+             if (id === 'mapillary-signs') id = 'photo_overlays.traffic_signs';
+             return _t.html(id.replace(/-/g, '_') + '.title');
+           }); // Update
+
+           li.merge(liEnter).classed('active', layerEnabled).selectAll('input').property('checked', layerEnabled);
          }
-       };
-       Geometry.prototype.equalsExact = function equalsExact (other) {
-         return this === other || this.equalsExact(other, 0)
-       };
-       Geometry.prototype.geometryChanged = function geometryChanged () {
-         this.apply(Geometry.geometryChangedFilter);
-       };
-       Geometry.prototype.geometryChangedAction = function geometryChangedAction () {
-         this._envelope = null;
-       };
-       Geometry.prototype.equalsNorm = function equalsNorm (g) {
-         if (g === null) { return false }
-         return this.norm().equalsExact(g.norm())
-       };
-       Geometry.prototype.getLength = function getLength () {
-         return 0.0
-       };
-       Geometry.prototype.getNumGeometries = function getNumGeometries () {
-         return 1
-       };
-       Geometry.prototype.compareTo = function compareTo () {
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var o = arguments[0];
-           var other = o;
-           if (this.getSortIndex() !== other.getSortIndex()) {
-             return this.getSortIndex() - other.getSortIndex()
-           }
-           if (this.isEmpty() && other.isEmpty()) {
-             return 0
-           }
-           if (this.isEmpty()) {
-             return -1
-           }
-           if (other.isEmpty()) {
-             return 1
-           }
-           return this.compareToSameClass(o)
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var other$1 = arguments[0];
-           var comp = arguments[1];
-           if (this.getSortIndex() !== other$1.getSortIndex()) {
-             return this.getSortIndex() - other$1.getSortIndex()
+
+         function drawPhotoTypeItems(selection) {
+           var data = context.photos().allPhotoTypes();
+
+           function typeEnabled(d) {
+             return context.photos().showsPhotoType(d);
            }
-           if (this.isEmpty() && other$1.isEmpty()) {
-             return 0
+
+           var ul = selection.selectAll('.layer-list-photo-types').data([0]);
+           ul.exit().remove();
+           ul = ul.enter().append('ul').attr('class', 'layer-list layer-list-photo-types').merge(ul);
+           var li = ul.selectAll('.list-item-photo-types').data(context.photos().shouldFilterByPhotoType() ? data : []);
+           li.exit().remove();
+           var liEnter = li.enter().append('li').attr('class', function (d) {
+             return 'list-item-photo-types list-item-' + d;
+           });
+           var labelEnter = liEnter.append('label').each(function (d) {
+             select(this).call(uiTooltip().title(_t.html('photo_overlays.photo_type.' + d + '.tooltip')).placement('top'));
+           });
+           labelEnter.append('input').attr('type', 'checkbox').on('change', function (d3_event, d) {
+             context.photos().togglePhotoType(d);
+           });
+           labelEnter.append('span').html(function (d) {
+             return _t.html('photo_overlays.photo_type.' + d + '.title');
+           }); // Update
+
+           li.merge(liEnter).classed('active', typeEnabled).selectAll('input').property('checked', typeEnabled);
+         }
+
+         function drawDateFilter(selection) {
+           var data = context.photos().dateFilters();
+
+           function filterEnabled(d) {
+             return context.photos().dateFilterValue(d);
            }
-           if (this.isEmpty()) {
-             return -1
+
+           var ul = selection.selectAll('.layer-list-date-filter').data([0]);
+           ul.exit().remove();
+           ul = ul.enter().append('ul').attr('class', 'layer-list layer-list-date-filter').merge(ul);
+           var li = ul.selectAll('.list-item-date-filter').data(context.photos().shouldFilterByDate() ? data : []);
+           li.exit().remove();
+           var liEnter = li.enter().append('li').attr('class', 'list-item-date-filter');
+           var labelEnter = liEnter.append('label').each(function (d) {
+             select(this).call(uiTooltip().title(_t.html('photo_overlays.date_filter.' + d + '.tooltip')).placement('top'));
+           });
+           labelEnter.append('span').html(function (d) {
+             return _t.html('photo_overlays.date_filter.' + d + '.title');
+           });
+           labelEnter.append('input').attr('type', 'date').attr('class', 'list-item-input').attr('placeholder', _t('units.year_month_day')).call(utilNoAuto).each(function (d) {
+             utilGetSetValue(select(this), context.photos().dateFilterValue(d) || '');
+           }).on('change', function (d3_event, d) {
+             var value = utilGetSetValue(select(this)).trim();
+             context.photos().setDateFilter(d, value, true); // reload the displayed dates
+
+             li.selectAll('input').each(function (d) {
+               utilGetSetValue(select(this), context.photos().dateFilterValue(d) || '');
+             });
+           });
+           li = li.merge(liEnter).classed('active', filterEnabled);
+         }
+
+         function drawUsernameFilter(selection) {
+           function filterEnabled() {
+             return context.photos().usernames();
            }
-           if (other$1.isEmpty()) {
-             return 1
+
+           var ul = selection.selectAll('.layer-list-username-filter').data([0]);
+           ul.exit().remove();
+           ul = ul.enter().append('ul').attr('class', 'layer-list layer-list-username-filter').merge(ul);
+           var li = ul.selectAll('.list-item-username-filter').data(context.photos().shouldFilterByUsername() ? ['username-filter'] : []);
+           li.exit().remove();
+           var liEnter = li.enter().append('li').attr('class', 'list-item-username-filter');
+           var labelEnter = liEnter.append('label').each(function () {
+             select(this).call(uiTooltip().title(_t.html('photo_overlays.username_filter.tooltip')).placement('top'));
+           });
+           labelEnter.append('span').html(_t.html('photo_overlays.username_filter.title'));
+           labelEnter.append('input').attr('type', 'text').attr('class', 'list-item-input').call(utilNoAuto).property('value', usernameValue).on('change', function () {
+             var value = select(this).property('value');
+             context.photos().setUsernameFilter(value, true);
+             select(this).property('value', usernameValue);
+           });
+           li.merge(liEnter).classed('active', filterEnabled);
+
+           function usernameValue() {
+             var usernames = context.photos().usernames();
+             if (usernames) return usernames.join('; ');
+             return usernames;
            }
-           return this.compareToSameClass(other$1, comp)
-         }
-       };
-       Geometry.prototype.getUserData = function getUserData () {
-         return this._userData
-       };
-       Geometry.prototype.getSRID = function getSRID () {
-         return this._SRID
-       };
-       Geometry.prototype.getEnvelope = function getEnvelope () {
-         return this.getFactory().toGeometry(this.getEnvelopeInternal())
-       };
-       Geometry.prototype.checkNotGeometryCollection = function checkNotGeometryCollection (g) {
-         if (g.getSortIndex() === Geometry.SORTINDEX_GEOMETRYCOLLECTION) {
-           throw new IllegalArgumentException('This method does not support GeometryCollection arguments')
-         }
-       };
-       Geometry.prototype.equal = function equal (a, b, tolerance) {
-         if (tolerance === 0) {
-           return a.equals(b)
          }
-         return a.distance(b) <= tolerance
-       };
-       Geometry.prototype.norm = function norm () {
-         var copy = this.copy();
-         copy.normalize();
-         return copy
-       };
-       Geometry.prototype.getPrecisionModel = function getPrecisionModel () {
-         return this._factory.getPrecisionModel()
-       };
-       Geometry.prototype.getEnvelopeInternal = function getEnvelopeInternal () {
-         if (this._envelope === null) {
-           this._envelope = this.computeEnvelopeInternal();
+
+         function toggleLayer(which) {
+           setLayer(which, !showsLayer(which));
          }
-         return new Envelope(this._envelope)
-       };
-       Geometry.prototype.setSRID = function setSRID (SRID) {
-         this._SRID = SRID;
-       };
-       Geometry.prototype.setUserData = function setUserData (userData) {
-         this._userData = userData;
-       };
-       Geometry.prototype.compare = function compare (a, b) {
-         var i = a.iterator();
-         var j = b.iterator();
-         while (i.hasNext() && j.hasNext()) {
-           var aElement = i.next();
-           var bElement = j.next();
-           var comparison = aElement.compareTo(bElement);
-           if (comparison !== 0) {
-             return comparison
+
+         function showsLayer(which) {
+           var layer = layers.layer(which);
+
+           if (layer) {
+             return layer.enabled();
            }
+
+           return false;
          }
-         if (i.hasNext()) {
-           return 1
-         }
-         if (j.hasNext()) {
-           return -1
-         }
-         return 0
-       };
-       Geometry.prototype.hashCode = function hashCode () {
-         return this.getEnvelopeInternal().hashCode()
-       };
-       Geometry.prototype.isGeometryCollectionOrDerived = function isGeometryCollectionOrDerived () {
-         if (this.getSortIndex() === Geometry.SORTINDEX_GEOMETRYCOLLECTION || this.getSortIndex() === Geometry.SORTINDEX_MULTIPOINT || this.getSortIndex() === Geometry.SORTINDEX_MULTILINESTRING || this.getSortIndex() === Geometry.SORTINDEX_MULTIPOLYGON) {
-           return true
-         }
-         return false
-       };
-       Geometry.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [Clonable, Comparable, Serializable]
-       };
-       Geometry.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return Geometry
-       };
-       Geometry.hasNonEmptyElements = function hasNonEmptyElements (geometries) {
-         for (var i = 0; i < geometries.length; i++) {
-           if (!geometries[i].isEmpty()) {
-             return true
+
+         function setLayer(which, enabled) {
+           var layer = layers.layer(which);
+
+           if (layer) {
+             layer.enabled(enabled);
            }
          }
-         return false
-       };
-       Geometry.hasNullElements = function hasNullElements (array) {
-         for (var i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
-           if (array[i] === null) {
-             return true
+
+         context.layers().on('change.uiSectionPhotoOverlays', section.reRender);
+         context.photos().on('change.uiSectionPhotoOverlays', section.reRender);
+         return section;
+       }
+
+       function uiPaneMapData(context) {
+         var mapDataPane = uiPane('map-data', context).key(_t('map_data.key')).label(_t.html('map_data.title')).description(_t.html('map_data.description')).iconName('iD-icon-data').sections([uiSectionDataLayers(context), uiSectionPhotoOverlays(context), uiSectionMapStyleOptions(context), uiSectionMapFeatures(context)]);
+         return mapDataPane;
+       }
+
+       function uiSectionPrivacy(context) {
+         var section = uiSection('preferences-third-party', context).label(_t.html('preferences.privacy.title')).disclosureContent(renderDisclosureContent);
+
+         var _showThirdPartyIcons = corePreferences('preferences.privacy.thirdpartyicons') || 'true';
+
+         function renderDisclosureContent(selection) {
+           // enter
+           var privacyOptionsListEnter = selection.selectAll('.privacy-options-list').data([0]).enter().append('ul').attr('class', 'layer-list privacy-options-list');
+           var thirdPartyIconsEnter = privacyOptionsListEnter.append('li').attr('class', 'privacy-third-party-icons-item').append('label').call(uiTooltip().title(_t.html('preferences.privacy.third_party_icons.tooltip')).placement('bottom'));
+           thirdPartyIconsEnter.append('input').attr('type', 'checkbox').on('change', function (d3_event) {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             _showThirdPartyIcons = _showThirdPartyIcons === 'true' ? 'false' : 'true';
+             corePreferences('preferences.privacy.thirdpartyicons', _showThirdPartyIcons);
+             update();
+           });
+           thirdPartyIconsEnter.append('span').html(_t.html('preferences.privacy.third_party_icons.description')); // Privacy Policy link
+
+           selection.selectAll('.privacy-link').data([0]).enter().append('div').attr('class', 'privacy-link').append('a').attr('target', '_blank').call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-out-link', 'inline')).attr('href', 'https://github.com/openstreetmap/iD/blob/release/PRIVACY.md').append('span').html(_t.html('preferences.privacy.privacy_link'));
+           update();
+
+           function update() {
+             selection.selectAll('.privacy-third-party-icons-item').classed('active', _showThirdPartyIcons === 'true').select('input').property('checked', _showThirdPartyIcons === 'true');
            }
          }
-         return false
-       };
-       staticAccessors$11.serialVersionUID.get = function () { return 8763622679187376702 };
-       staticAccessors$11.SORTINDEX_POINT.get = function () { return 0 };
-       staticAccessors$11.SORTINDEX_MULTIPOINT.get = function () { return 1 };
-       staticAccessors$11.SORTINDEX_LINESTRING.get = function () { return 2 };
-       staticAccessors$11.SORTINDEX_LINEARRING.get = function () { return 3 };
-       staticAccessors$11.SORTINDEX_MULTILINESTRING.get = function () { return 4 };
-       staticAccessors$11.SORTINDEX_POLYGON.get = function () { return 5 };
-       staticAccessors$11.SORTINDEX_MULTIPOLYGON.get = function () { return 6 };
-       staticAccessors$11.SORTINDEX_GEOMETRYCOLLECTION.get = function () { return 7 };
-       staticAccessors$11.geometryChangedFilter.get = function () { return geometryChangedFilter };
-
-       Object.defineProperties( Geometry, staticAccessors$11 );
-
-       var geometryChangedFilter = function geometryChangedFilter () {};
-
-       geometryChangedFilter.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [GeometryComponentFilter]
-       };
-       geometryChangedFilter.filter = function filter (geom) {
-         geom.geometryChangedAction();
-       };
 
-       var CoordinateFilter = function CoordinateFilter () {};
+         return section;
+       }
 
-       CoordinateFilter.prototype.filter = function filter (coord) {};
-       CoordinateFilter.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       CoordinateFilter.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return CoordinateFilter
-       };
+       function uiPanePreferences(context) {
+         var preferencesPane = uiPane('preferences', context).key(_t('preferences.key')).label(_t.html('preferences.title')).description(_t.html('preferences.description')).iconName('fas-user-cog').sections([uiSectionPrivacy(context)]);
+         return preferencesPane;
+       }
 
-       var BoundaryNodeRule = function BoundaryNodeRule () {};
+       function uiInit(context) {
+         var _initCounter = 0;
+         var _needWidth = {};
+
+         var _lastPointerType;
+
+         function render(container) {
+           container.on('click.ui', function (d3_event) {
+             // we're only concerned with the primary mouse button
+             if (d3_event.button !== 0) return;
+             if (!d3_event.composedPath) return; // some targets have default click events we don't want to override
+
+             var isOkayTarget = d3_event.composedPath().some(function (node) {
+               // we only care about element nodes
+               return node.nodeType === 1 && ( // clicking <input> focuses it and/or changes a value
+               node.nodeName === 'INPUT' || // clicking <label> affects its <input> by default
+               node.nodeName === 'LABEL' || // clicking <a> opens a hyperlink by default
+               node.nodeName === 'A');
+             });
+             if (isOkayTarget) return; // disable double-tap-to-zoom on touchscreens
 
-       var staticAccessors$12 = { Mod2BoundaryNodeRule: { configurable: true },EndPointBoundaryNodeRule: { configurable: true },MultiValentEndPointBoundaryNodeRule: { configurable: true },MonoValentEndPointBoundaryNodeRule: { configurable: true },MOD2_BOUNDARY_RULE: { configurable: true },ENDPOINT_BOUNDARY_RULE: { configurable: true },MULTIVALENT_ENDPOINT_BOUNDARY_RULE: { configurable: true },MONOVALENT_ENDPOINT_BOUNDARY_RULE: { configurable: true },OGC_SFS_BOUNDARY_RULE: { configurable: true } };
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+           });
+           var detected = utilDetect(); // only WebKit supports gesture events
+
+           if ('GestureEvent' in window && // Listening for gesture events on iOS 13.4+ breaks double-tapping,
+           // but we only need to do this on desktop Safari anyway. – #7694
+           !detected.isMobileWebKit) {
+             // On iOS we disable pinch-to-zoom of the UI via the `touch-action`
+             // CSS property, but on desktop Safari we need to manually cancel the
+             // default gesture events.
+             container.on('gesturestart.ui gesturechange.ui gestureend.ui', function (d3_event) {
+               // disable pinch-to-zoom of the UI via multitouch trackpads on macOS Safari
+               d3_event.preventDefault();
+             });
+           }
 
-       BoundaryNodeRule.prototype.isInBoundary = function isInBoundary (boundaryCount) {};
-       BoundaryNodeRule.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       BoundaryNodeRule.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return BoundaryNodeRule
-       };
-       staticAccessors$12.Mod2BoundaryNodeRule.get = function () { return Mod2BoundaryNodeRule };
-       staticAccessors$12.EndPointBoundaryNodeRule.get = function () { return EndPointBoundaryNodeRule };
-       staticAccessors$12.MultiValentEndPointBoundaryNodeRule.get = function () { return MultiValentEndPointBoundaryNodeRule };
-       staticAccessors$12.MonoValentEndPointBoundaryNodeRule.get = function () { return MonoValentEndPointBoundaryNodeRule };
-       staticAccessors$12.MOD2_BOUNDARY_RULE.get = function () { return new Mod2BoundaryNodeRule() };
-       staticAccessors$12.ENDPOINT_BOUNDARY_RULE.get = function () { return new EndPointBoundaryNodeRule() };
-       staticAccessors$12.MULTIVALENT_ENDPOINT_BOUNDARY_RULE.get = function () { return new MultiValentEndPointBoundaryNodeRule() };
-       staticAccessors$12.MONOVALENT_ENDPOINT_BOUNDARY_RULE.get = function () { return new MonoValentEndPointBoundaryNodeRule() };
-       staticAccessors$12.OGC_SFS_BOUNDARY_RULE.get = function () { return BoundaryNodeRule.MOD2_BOUNDARY_RULE };
-
-       Object.defineProperties( BoundaryNodeRule, staticAccessors$12 );
-
-       var Mod2BoundaryNodeRule = function Mod2BoundaryNodeRule () {};
-
-       Mod2BoundaryNodeRule.prototype.isInBoundary = function isInBoundary (boundaryCount) {
-         return boundaryCount % 2 === 1
-       };
-       Mod2BoundaryNodeRule.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [BoundaryNodeRule]
-       };
-       Mod2BoundaryNodeRule.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return Mod2BoundaryNodeRule
-       };
+           if ('PointerEvent' in window) {
+             select(window).on('pointerdown.ui pointerup.ui', function (d3_event) {
+               var pointerType = d3_event.pointerType || 'mouse';
 
-       var EndPointBoundaryNodeRule = function EndPointBoundaryNodeRule () {};
+               if (_lastPointerType !== pointerType) {
+                 _lastPointerType = pointerType;
+                 container.attr('pointer', pointerType);
+               }
+             }, true);
+           } else {
+             _lastPointerType = 'mouse';
+             container.attr('pointer', 'mouse');
+           }
 
-       EndPointBoundaryNodeRule.prototype.isInBoundary = function isInBoundary (boundaryCount) {
-         return boundaryCount > 0
-       };
-       EndPointBoundaryNodeRule.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [BoundaryNodeRule]
-       };
-       EndPointBoundaryNodeRule.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return EndPointBoundaryNodeRule
-       };
+           container.attr('lang', _mainLocalizer.localeCode()).attr('dir', _mainLocalizer.textDirection()); // setup fullscreen keybindings (no button shown at this time)
 
-       var MultiValentEndPointBoundaryNodeRule = function MultiValentEndPointBoundaryNodeRule () {};
+           container.call(uiFullScreen(context));
+           var map = context.map();
+           map.redrawEnable(false); // don't draw until we've set zoom/lat/long
 
-       MultiValentEndPointBoundaryNodeRule.prototype.isInBoundary = function isInBoundary (boundaryCount) {
-         return boundaryCount > 1
-       };
-       MultiValentEndPointBoundaryNodeRule.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [BoundaryNodeRule]
-       };
-       MultiValentEndPointBoundaryNodeRule.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return MultiValentEndPointBoundaryNodeRule
-       };
+           map.on('hitMinZoom.ui', function () {
+             ui.flash.iconName('#iD-icon-no').label(_t.html('cannot_zoom'))();
+           });
+           container.append('svg').attr('id', 'ideditor-defs').call(ui.svgDefs);
+           container.append('div').attr('class', 'sidebar').call(ui.sidebar);
+           var content = container.append('div').attr('class', 'main-content active'); // Top toolbar
+
+           content.append('div').attr('class', 'top-toolbar-wrap').append('div').attr('class', 'top-toolbar fillD').call(uiTopToolbar(context));
+           content.append('div').attr('class', 'main-map').attr('dir', 'ltr').call(map);
+           var overMap = content.append('div').attr('class', 'over-map'); // HACK: Mobile Safari 14 likes to select anything selectable when long-
+           // pressing, even if it's not targeted. This conflicts with long-pressing
+           // to show the edit menu. We add a selectable offscreen element as the first
+           // child to trick Safari into not showing the selection UI.
+
+           overMap.append('div').attr('class', 'select-trap').text('t');
+           overMap.call(uiMapInMap(context)).call(uiNotice(context));
+           overMap.append('div').attr('class', 'spinner').call(uiSpinner(context)); // Map controls
+
+           var controls = overMap.append('div').attr('class', 'map-controls');
+           controls.append('div').attr('class', 'map-control zoombuttons').call(uiZoom(context));
+           controls.append('div').attr('class', 'map-control zoom-to-selection-control').call(uiZoomToSelection(context));
+           controls.append('div').attr('class', 'map-control geolocate-control').call(uiGeolocate(context)); // Add panes
+           // This should happen after map is initialized, as some require surface()
+
+           var panes = overMap.append('div').attr('class', 'map-panes');
+           var uiPanes = [uiPaneBackground(context), uiPaneMapData(context), uiPaneIssues(context), uiPanePreferences(context), uiPaneHelp(context)];
+           uiPanes.forEach(function (pane) {
+             controls.append('div').attr('class', 'map-control map-pane-control ' + pane.id + '-control').call(pane.renderToggleButton);
+             panes.call(pane.renderPane);
+           });
+           ui.info = uiInfo(context);
+           overMap.call(ui.info);
+           overMap.append('div').attr('class', 'photoviewer').classed('al', true) // 'al'=left,  'ar'=right
+           .classed('hide', true).call(ui.photoviewer);
+           overMap.append('div').attr('class', 'attribution-wrap').attr('dir', 'ltr').call(uiAttribution(context)); // Add footer
 
-       var MonoValentEndPointBoundaryNodeRule = function MonoValentEndPointBoundaryNodeRule () {};
+           var about = content.append('div').attr('class', 'map-footer');
+           about.append('div').attr('class', 'api-status').call(uiStatus(context));
+           var footer = about.append('div').attr('class', 'map-footer-bar fillD');
+           footer.append('div').attr('class', 'flash-wrap footer-hide');
+           var footerWrap = footer.append('div').attr('class', 'main-footer-wrap footer-show');
+           footerWrap.append('div').attr('class', 'scale-block').call(uiScale(context));
+           var aboutList = footerWrap.append('div').attr('class', 'info-block').append('ul').attr('class', 'map-footer-list');
+           aboutList.append('li').attr('class', 'user-list').call(uiContributors(context));
+           var apiConnections = context.apiConnections();
 
-       MonoValentEndPointBoundaryNodeRule.prototype.isInBoundary = function isInBoundary (boundaryCount) {
-         return boundaryCount === 1
-       };
-       MonoValentEndPointBoundaryNodeRule.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [BoundaryNodeRule]
-       };
-       MonoValentEndPointBoundaryNodeRule.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return MonoValentEndPointBoundaryNodeRule
-       };
+           if (apiConnections && apiConnections.length > 1) {
+             aboutList.append('li').attr('class', 'source-switch').call(uiSourceSwitch(context).keys(apiConnections));
+           }
 
-       // import Iterator from './Iterator'
+           aboutList.append('li').attr('class', 'issues-info').call(uiIssuesInfo(context));
+           aboutList.append('li').attr('class', 'feature-warning').call(uiFeatureInfo(context));
+           var issueLinks = aboutList.append('li');
+           issueLinks.append('a').attr('target', '_blank').attr('href', 'https://github.com/openstreetmap/iD/issues').call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-bug', 'light')).call(uiTooltip().title(_t.html('report_a_bug')).placement('top'));
+           issueLinks.append('a').attr('target', '_blank').attr('href', 'https://github.com/openstreetmap/iD/blob/develop/CONTRIBUTING.md#translating').call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-translate', 'light')).call(uiTooltip().title(_t.html('help_translate')).placement('top'));
+           aboutList.append('li').attr('class', 'version').call(uiVersion(context));
 
-       /**
-        * @see http://download.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/util/Collection.html
-        *
-        * @constructor
-        * @private
-        */
-       var Collection = function Collection () {};
+           if (!context.embed()) {
+             aboutList.call(uiAccount(context));
+           } // Setup map dimensions and move map to initial center/zoom.
+           // This should happen after .main-content and toolbars exist.
 
-       Collection.prototype.add = function add () {};
 
-       /**
-        * Appends all of the elements in the specified collection to the end of this
-        * list, in the order that they are returned by the specified collection's
-        * iterator (optional operation).
-        * @param {javascript.util.Collection} c
-        * @return {boolean}
-        */
-       Collection.prototype.addAll = function addAll () {};
+           ui.onResize();
+           map.redrawEnable(true);
+           ui.hash = behaviorHash(context);
+           ui.hash();
 
-       /**
-        * Returns true if this collection contains no elements.
-        * @return {boolean}
-        */
-       Collection.prototype.isEmpty = function isEmpty () {};
+           if (!ui.hash.hadHash) {
+             map.centerZoom([0, 0], 2);
+           } // Bind events
 
-       /**
-        * Returns an iterator over the elements in this collection.
-        * @return {javascript.util.Iterator}
-        */
-       Collection.prototype.iterator = function iterator () {};
 
-       /**
-        * Returns an iterator over the elements in this collection.
-        * @return {number}
-        */
-       Collection.prototype.size = function size () {};
+           window.onbeforeunload = function () {
+             return context.save();
+           };
 
-       /**
-        * Returns an array containing all of the elements in this collection.
-        * @return {Array}
-        */
-       Collection.prototype.toArray = function toArray () {};
+           window.onunload = function () {
+             context.history().unlock();
+           };
 
-       /**
-        * Removes a single instance of the specified element from this collection if it
-        * is present. (optional)
-        * @param {Object} e
-        * @return {boolean}
-        */
-       Collection.prototype.remove = function remove () {};
+           select(window).on('resize.editor', function () {
+             ui.onResize();
+           });
+           var panPixels = 80;
+           context.keybinding().on('⌫', function (d3_event) {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+           }).on([_t('sidebar.key'), '`', '²', '@'], ui.sidebar.toggle) // #5663, #6864 - common QWERTY, AZERTY
+           .on('←', pan([panPixels, 0])).on('↑', pan([0, panPixels])).on('→', pan([-panPixels, 0])).on('↓', pan([0, -panPixels])).on(uiCmd('⌥←'), pan([map.dimensions()[0], 0])).on(uiCmd('⌥↑'), pan([0, map.dimensions()[1]])).on(uiCmd('⌥→'), pan([-map.dimensions()[0], 0])).on(uiCmd('⌥↓'), pan([0, -map.dimensions()[1]])).on(uiCmd('⌘' + _t('background.key')), function quickSwitch(d3_event) {
+             if (d3_event) {
+               d3_event.stopImmediatePropagation();
+               d3_event.preventDefault();
+             }
+
+             var previousBackground = context.background().findSource(corePreferences('background-last-used-toggle'));
+
+             if (previousBackground) {
+               var currentBackground = context.background().baseLayerSource();
+               corePreferences('background-last-used-toggle', currentBackground.id);
+               corePreferences('background-last-used', previousBackground.id);
+               context.background().baseLayerSource(previousBackground);
+             }
+           }).on(_t('area_fill.wireframe.key'), function toggleWireframe(d3_event) {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             d3_event.stopPropagation();
+             context.map().toggleWireframe();
+           }).on(uiCmd('⌥' + _t('area_fill.wireframe.key')), function toggleOsmData(d3_event) {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             d3_event.stopPropagation(); // Don't allow layer changes while drawing - #6584
+
+             var mode = context.mode();
+             if (mode && /^draw/.test(mode.id)) return;
+             var layer = context.layers().layer('osm');
+
+             if (layer) {
+               layer.enabled(!layer.enabled());
+
+               if (!layer.enabled()) {
+                 context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+               }
+             }
+           }).on(_t('map_data.highlight_edits.key'), function toggleHighlightEdited(d3_event) {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             context.map().toggleHighlightEdited();
+           });
+           context.on('enter.editor', function (entered) {
+             container.classed('mode-' + entered.id, true);
+           }).on('exit.editor', function (exited) {
+             container.classed('mode-' + exited.id, false);
+           });
+           context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
 
-       /**
-        * @param {string=} message Optional message
-        * @extends {Error}
-        * @constructor
-        * @private
-        */
-       function IndexOutOfBoundsException (message) {
-         this.message = message || '';
-       }
-       IndexOutOfBoundsException.prototype = new Error();
+           if (!_initCounter++) {
+             if (!ui.hash.startWalkthrough) {
+               context.container().call(uiSplash(context)).call(uiRestore(context));
+             }
 
-       /**
-        * @type {string}
-        */
-       IndexOutOfBoundsException.prototype.name = 'IndexOutOfBoundsException';
+             context.container().call(ui.shortcuts);
+           }
 
-       /**
-        * @see http://download.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/util/Iterator.html
-        * @constructor
-        * @private
-        */
-       var Iterator$1 = function Iterator () {};
+           var osm = context.connection();
+           var auth = uiLoading(context).message(_t.html('loading_auth')).blocking(true);
 
-       Iterator$1.prototype.hasNext = function hasNext () {};
+           if (osm && auth) {
+             osm.on('authLoading.ui', function () {
+               context.container().call(auth);
+             }).on('authDone.ui', function () {
+               auth.close();
+             });
+           }
 
-       /**
-        * Returns the next element in the iteration.
-        * @return {Object}
-        */
-       Iterator$1.prototype.next = function next () {};
+           _initCounter++;
 
-       /**
-        * Removes from the underlying collection the last element returned by the
-        * iterator (optional operation).
-        */
-       Iterator$1.prototype.remove = function remove () {};
+           if (ui.hash.startWalkthrough) {
+             ui.hash.startWalkthrough = false;
+             context.container().call(uiIntro(context));
+           }
 
-       /**
-        * @see http://download.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/util/List.html
-        *
-        * @extends {javascript.util.Collection}
-        * @constructor
-        * @private
-        */
-       var List = (function (Collection$$1) {
-         function List () {
-           Collection$$1.apply(this, arguments);
+           function pan(d) {
+             return function (d3_event) {
+               if (d3_event.shiftKey) return;
+               if (context.container().select('.combobox').size()) return;
+               d3_event.preventDefault();
+               context.map().pan(d, 100);
+             };
+           }
          }
 
-         if ( Collection$$1 ) List.__proto__ = Collection$$1;
-         List.prototype = Object.create( Collection$$1 && Collection$$1.prototype );
-         List.prototype.constructor = List;
+         var ui = {};
 
-         List.prototype.get = function get () { };
+         var _loadPromise; // renders the iD interface into the container node
 
-         /**
-          * Replaces the element at the specified position in this list with the
-          * specified element (optional operation).
-          * @param {number} index
-          * @param {Object} e
-          * @return {Object}
-          */
-         List.prototype.set = function set () { };
 
-         /**
-          * Returns true if this collection contains no elements.
-          * @return {boolean}
-          */
-         List.prototype.isEmpty = function isEmpty () { };
+         ui.ensureLoaded = function () {
+           if (_loadPromise) return _loadPromise;
+           return _loadPromise = Promise.all([// must have strings and presets before loading the UI
+           _mainLocalizer.ensureLoaded(), _mainPresetIndex.ensureLoaded()]).then(function () {
+             if (!context.container().empty()) render(context.container());
+           })["catch"](function (err) {
+             return console.error(err);
+           }); // eslint-disable-line
+         }; // `ui.restart()` will destroy and rebuild the entire iD interface,
+         // for example to switch the locale while iD is running.
 
-         return List;
-       }(Collection));
 
-       /**
-        * @param {string=} message Optional message
-        * @extends {Error}
-        * @constructor
-        * @private
-        */
-       function NoSuchElementException (message) {
-         this.message = message || '';
-       }
-       NoSuchElementException.prototype = new Error();
+         ui.restart = function () {
+           context.keybinding().clear();
+           _loadPromise = null;
+           context.container().selectAll('*').remove();
+           ui.ensureLoaded();
+         };
 
-       /**
-        * @type {string}
-        */
-       NoSuchElementException.prototype.name = 'NoSuchElementException';
+         ui.lastPointerType = function () {
+           return _lastPointerType;
+         };
 
-       // import OperationNotSupported from './OperationNotSupported'
+         ui.svgDefs = svgDefs(context);
+         ui.flash = uiFlash(context);
+         ui.sidebar = uiSidebar(context);
+         ui.photoviewer = uiPhotoviewer(context);
+         ui.shortcuts = uiShortcuts(context);
 
-       /**
-        * @see http://download.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/util/ArrayList.html
-        *
-        * @extends List
-        * @private
-        */
-       var ArrayList = (function (List$$1) {
-         function ArrayList () {
-           List$$1.call(this);
-           this.array_ = [];
+         ui.onResize = function (withPan) {
+           var map = context.map(); // Recalc dimensions of map and sidebar.. (`true` = force recalc)
+           // This will call `getBoundingClientRect` and trigger reflow,
+           //  but the values will be cached for later use.
+
+           var mapDimensions = utilGetDimensions(context.container().select('.main-content'), true);
+           utilGetDimensions(context.container().select('.sidebar'), true);
 
-           if (arguments[0] instanceof Collection) {
-             this.addAll(arguments[0]);
+           if (withPan !== undefined) {
+             map.redrawEnable(false);
+             map.pan(withPan);
+             map.redrawEnable(true);
            }
-         }
 
-         if ( List$$1 ) ArrayList.__proto__ = List$$1;
-         ArrayList.prototype = Object.create( List$$1 && List$$1.prototype );
-         ArrayList.prototype.constructor = ArrayList;
+           map.dimensions(mapDimensions);
+           ui.photoviewer.onMapResize(); // check if header or footer have overflowed
 
-         ArrayList.prototype.ensureCapacity = function ensureCapacity () {};
-         ArrayList.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () { return [List$$1, Collection] };
+           ui.checkOverflow('.top-toolbar');
+           ui.checkOverflow('.map-footer-bar'); // Use outdated code so it works on Explorer
 
-         /**
-          * @override
-          */
-         ArrayList.prototype.add = function add (e) {
-           if (arguments.length === 1) {
-             this.array_.push(e);
+           var resizeWindowEvent = document.createEvent('Event');
+           resizeWindowEvent.initEvent('resizeWindow', true, true);
+           document.dispatchEvent(resizeWindowEvent);
+         }; // Call checkOverflow when resizing or whenever the contents change.
+
+
+         ui.checkOverflow = function (selector, reset) {
+           if (reset) {
+             delete _needWidth[selector];
+           }
+
+           var selection = context.container().select(selector);
+           if (selection.empty()) return;
+           var scrollWidth = selection.property('scrollWidth');
+           var clientWidth = selection.property('clientWidth');
+           var needed = _needWidth[selector] || scrollWidth;
+
+           if (scrollWidth > clientWidth) {
+             // overflow happening
+             selection.classed('narrow', true);
+
+             if (!_needWidth[selector]) {
+               _needWidth[selector] = scrollWidth;
+             }
+           } else if (scrollWidth >= needed) {
+             selection.classed('narrow', false);
+           }
+         };
+
+         ui.togglePanes = function (showPane) {
+           var hidePanes = context.container().selectAll('.map-pane.shown');
+           var side = _mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'ltr' ? 'right' : 'left';
+           hidePanes.classed('shown', false).classed('hide', true);
+           context.container().selectAll('.map-pane-control button').classed('active', false);
+
+           if (showPane) {
+             hidePanes.classed('shown', false).classed('hide', true).style(side, '-500px');
+             context.container().selectAll('.' + showPane.attr('pane') + '-control button').classed('active', true);
+             showPane.classed('shown', true).classed('hide', false);
+
+             if (hidePanes.empty()) {
+               showPane.style(side, '-500px').transition().duration(200).style(side, '0px');
+             } else {
+               showPane.style(side, '0px');
+             }
            } else {
-             this.array_.splice(arguments[0], arguments[1]);
+             hidePanes.classed('shown', true).classed('hide', false).style(side, '0px').transition().duration(200).style(side, '-500px').on('end', function () {
+               select(this).classed('shown', false).classed('hide', true);
+             });
            }
-           return true
          };
 
-         ArrayList.prototype.clear = function clear () {
-           this.array_ = [];
+         var _editMenu = uiEditMenu(context);
+
+         ui.editMenu = function () {
+           return _editMenu;
          };
 
-         /**
-          * @override
-          */
-         ArrayList.prototype.addAll = function addAll (c) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+         ui.showEditMenu = function (anchorPoint, triggerType, operations) {
+           // remove any displayed menu
+           ui.closeEditMenu();
+           if (!operations && context.mode().operations) operations = context.mode().operations();
+           if (!operations || !operations.length) return; // disable menu if in wide selection, for example
+
+           if (!context.map().editableDataEnabled()) return;
+           var surfaceNode = context.surface().node();
 
-           for (var i = c.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
-             this$1.add(i.next());
+           if (surfaceNode.focus) {
+             // FF doesn't support it
+             // focus the surface or else clicking off the menu may not trigger modeBrowse
+             surfaceNode.focus();
            }
-           return true
-         };
 
-         /**
-          * @override
-          */
-         ArrayList.prototype.set = function set (index, element) {
-           var oldElement = this.array_[index];
-           this.array_[index] = element;
-           return oldElement
+           operations.forEach(function (operation) {
+             if (operation.point) operation.point(anchorPoint);
+           });
+
+           _editMenu.anchorLoc(anchorPoint).triggerType(triggerType).operations(operations); // render the menu
+
+
+           context.map().supersurface.call(_editMenu);
          };
 
-         /**
-          * @override
-          */
-         ArrayList.prototype.iterator = function iterator () {
-           return new Iterator_(this)
+         ui.closeEditMenu = function () {
+           // remove any existing menu no matter how it was added
+           context.map().supersurface.select('.edit-menu').remove();
          };
 
-         /**
-          * @override
-          */
-         ArrayList.prototype.get = function get (index) {
-           if (index < 0 || index >= this.size()) {
-             throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException()
-           }
+         var _saveLoading = select(null);
+
+         context.uploader().on('saveStarted.ui', function () {
+           _saveLoading = uiLoading(context).message(_t.html('save.uploading')).blocking(true);
+           context.container().call(_saveLoading); // block input during upload
+         }).on('saveEnded.ui', function () {
+           _saveLoading.close();
+
+           _saveLoading = select(null);
+         });
+         return ui;
+       }
+
+       function coreContext() {
+         var _this = this;
+
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('enter', 'exit', 'change');
+         var context = utilRebind({}, dispatch, 'on');
+
+         var _deferred = new Set();
+
+         context.version = '2.20.0';
+         context.privacyVersion = '20201202'; // iD will alter the hash so cache the parameters intended to setup the session
+
+         context.initialHashParams = window.location.hash ? utilStringQs(window.location.hash) : {};
+         context.isFirstSession = !corePreferences('sawSplash') && !corePreferences('sawPrivacyVersion');
+         /* Changeset */
+         // An osmChangeset object. Not loaded until needed.
 
-           return this.array_[index]
+         context.changeset = null;
+         var _defaultChangesetComment = context.initialHashParams.comment;
+         var _defaultChangesetSource = context.initialHashParams.source;
+         var _defaultChangesetHashtags = context.initialHashParams.hashtags;
+
+         context.defaultChangesetComment = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _defaultChangesetComment;
+           _defaultChangesetComment = val;
+           return context;
          };
 
-         /**
-          * @override
-          */
-         ArrayList.prototype.isEmpty = function isEmpty () {
-           return this.array_.length === 0
+         context.defaultChangesetSource = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _defaultChangesetSource;
+           _defaultChangesetSource = val;
+           return context;
          };
 
-         /**
-          * @override
-          */
-         ArrayList.prototype.size = function size () {
-           return this.array_.length
+         context.defaultChangesetHashtags = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _defaultChangesetHashtags;
+           _defaultChangesetHashtags = val;
+           return context;
          };
+         /* Document title */
 
-         /**
-          * @override
-          */
-         ArrayList.prototype.toArray = function toArray () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+         /* (typically shown as the label for the browser window/tab) */
+         // If true, iD will update the title based on what the user is doing
 
-           var array = [];
 
-           for (var i = 0, len = this.array_.length; i < len; i++) {
-             array.push(this$1.array_[i]);
-           }
+         var _setsDocumentTitle = true;
+
+         context.setsDocumentTitle = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _setsDocumentTitle;
+           _setsDocumentTitle = val;
+           return context;
+         }; // The part of the title that is always the same
+
+
+         var _documentTitleBase = document.title;
 
-           return array
+         context.documentTitleBase = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _documentTitleBase;
+           _documentTitleBase = val;
+           return context;
          };
+         /* User interface and keybinding */
 
-         /**
-          * @override
-          */
-         ArrayList.prototype.remove = function remove (o) {
-           var this$1 = this;
 
-           var found = false;
+         var _ui;
 
-           for (var i = 0, len = this.array_.length; i < len; i++) {
-             if (this$1.array_[i] === o) {
-               this$1.array_.splice(i, 1);
-               found = true;
-               break
-             }
-           }
+         context.ui = function () {
+           return _ui;
+         };
 
-           return found
+         context.lastPointerType = function () {
+           return _ui.lastPointerType();
          };
 
-         return ArrayList;
-       }(List));
+         var _keybinding = utilKeybinding('context');
 
-       /**
-        * @extends {Iterator}
-        * @param {ArrayList} arrayList
-        * @constructor
-        * @private
-        */
-       var Iterator_ = (function (Iterator$$1) {
-         function Iterator_ (arrayList) {
-           Iterator$$1.call(this);
-           /**
-            * @type {ArrayList}
-            * @private
-           */
-           this.arrayList_ = arrayList;
-           /**
-            * @type {number}
-            * @private
-           */
-           this.position_ = 0;
-         }
+         context.keybinding = function () {
+           return _keybinding;
+         };
 
-         if ( Iterator$$1 ) Iterator_.__proto__ = Iterator$$1;
-         Iterator_.prototype = Object.create( Iterator$$1 && Iterator$$1.prototype );
-         Iterator_.prototype.constructor = Iterator_;
+         select(document).call(_keybinding);
+         /* Straight accessors. Avoid using these if you can. */
+         // Instantiate the connection here because it doesn't require passing in
+         // `context` and it's needed for pre-init calls like `preauth`
 
-         /**
-          * @override
-          */
-         Iterator_.prototype.next = function next () {
-           if (this.position_ === this.arrayList_.size()) {
-             throw new NoSuchElementException()
-           }
-           return this.arrayList_.get(this.position_++)
+         var _connection = services.osm;
+
+         var _history;
+
+         var _validator;
+
+         var _uploader;
+
+         context.connection = function () {
+           return _connection;
          };
 
-         /**
-          * @override
-          */
-         Iterator_.prototype.hasNext = function hasNext () {
-           if (this.position_ < this.arrayList_.size()) {
-             return true
-           } else {
-             return false
+         context.history = function () {
+           return _history;
+         };
+
+         context.validator = function () {
+           return _validator;
+         };
+
+         context.uploader = function () {
+           return _uploader;
+         };
+         /* Connection */
+
+
+         context.preauth = function (options) {
+           if (_connection) {
+             _connection["switch"](options);
            }
+
+           return context;
          };
+         /* connection options for source switcher (optional) */
 
-         /**
-          * TODO: should be in ListIterator
-          * @override
-          */
-         Iterator_.prototype.set = function set (element) {
-           return this.arrayList_.set(this.position_ - 1, element)
+
+         var _apiConnections;
+
+         context.apiConnections = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _apiConnections;
+           _apiConnections = val;
+           return context;
+         }; // A string or array or locale codes to prefer over the browser's settings
+
+
+         context.locale = function (locale) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _mainLocalizer.localeCode();
+           _mainLocalizer.preferredLocaleCodes(locale);
+           return context;
          };
 
-         /**
-          * @override
-          */
-         Iterator_.prototype.remove = function remove () {
-           this.arrayList_.remove(this.arrayList_.get(this.position_));
-         };
-
-         return Iterator_;
-       }(Iterator$1));
-
-       var CoordinateList = (function (ArrayList$$1) {
-         function CoordinateList () {
-           ArrayList$$1.call(this);
-           if (arguments.length === 0) ; else if (arguments.length === 1) {
-             var coord = arguments[0];
-             this.ensureCapacity(coord.length);
-             this.add(coord, true);
-           } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-             var coord$1 = arguments[0];
-             var allowRepeated = arguments[1];
-             this.ensureCapacity(coord$1.length);
-             this.add(coord$1, allowRepeated);
-           }
-         }
-
-         if ( ArrayList$$1 ) CoordinateList.__proto__ = ArrayList$$1;
-         CoordinateList.prototype = Object.create( ArrayList$$1 && ArrayList$$1.prototype );
-         CoordinateList.prototype.constructor = CoordinateList;
-
-         var staticAccessors = { coordArrayType: { configurable: true } };
-         staticAccessors.coordArrayType.get = function () { return new Array(0).fill(null) };
-         CoordinateList.prototype.getCoordinate = function getCoordinate (i) {
-           return this.get(i)
-         };
-         CoordinateList.prototype.addAll = function addAll () {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-           if (arguments.length === 2) {
-             var coll = arguments[0];
-             var allowRepeated = arguments[1];
-             var isChanged = false;
-             for (var i = coll.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
-               this$1.add(i.next(), allowRepeated);
-               isChanged = true;
-             }
-             return isChanged
-           } else { return ArrayList$$1.prototype.addAll.apply(this, arguments) }
-         };
-         CoordinateList.prototype.clone = function clone () {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-           var clone = ArrayList$$1.prototype.clone.call(this);
-           for (var i = 0; i < this.size(); i++) {
-             clone.add(i, this$1.get(i).copy());
-           }
-           return clone
-         };
-         CoordinateList.prototype.toCoordinateArray = function toCoordinateArray () {
-           return this.toArray(CoordinateList.coordArrayType)
-         };
-         CoordinateList.prototype.add = function add () {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-           if (arguments.length === 1) {
-             var coord = arguments[0];
-             ArrayList$$1.prototype.add.call(this, coord);
-           } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-             if (arguments[0] instanceof Array && typeof arguments[1] === 'boolean') {
-               var coord$1 = arguments[0];
-               var allowRepeated = arguments[1];
-               this.add(coord$1, allowRepeated, true);
-               return true
-             } else if (arguments[0] instanceof Coordinate && typeof arguments[1] === 'boolean') {
-               var coord$2 = arguments[0];
-               var allowRepeated$1 = arguments[1];
-               if (!allowRepeated$1) {
-                 if (this.size() >= 1) {
-                   var last = this.get(this.size() - 1);
-                   if (last.equals2D(coord$2)) { return null }
+         function afterLoad(cid, callback) {
+           return function (err, result) {
+             if (err) {
+               // 400 Bad Request, 401 Unauthorized, 403 Forbidden..
+               if (err.status === 400 || err.status === 401 || err.status === 403) {
+                 if (_connection) {
+                   _connection.logout();
                  }
                }
-               ArrayList$$1.prototype.add.call(this, coord$2);
-             } else if (arguments[0] instanceof Object && typeof arguments[1] === 'boolean') {
-               var obj = arguments[0];
-               var allowRepeated$2 = arguments[1];
-               this.add(obj, allowRepeated$2);
-               return true
-             }
-           } else if (arguments.length === 3) {
-             if (typeof arguments[2] === 'boolean' && (arguments[0] instanceof Array && typeof arguments[1] === 'boolean')) {
-               var coord$3 = arguments[0];
-               var allowRepeated$3 = arguments[1];
-               var direction = arguments[2];
-               if (direction) {
-                 for (var i$1 = 0; i$1 < coord$3.length; i$1++) {
-                   this$1.add(coord$3[i$1], allowRepeated$3);
-                 }
-               } else {
-                 for (var i$2 = coord$3.length - 1; i$2 >= 0; i$2--) {
-                   this$1.add(coord$3[i$2], allowRepeated$3);
-                 }
+
+               if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+                 callback(err);
                }
-               return true
-             } else if (typeof arguments[2] === 'boolean' && (Number.isInteger(arguments[0]) && arguments[1] instanceof Coordinate)) {
-               var i$3 = arguments[0];
-               var coord$4 = arguments[1];
-               var allowRepeated$4 = arguments[2];
-               if (!allowRepeated$4) {
-                 var size = this.size();
-                 if (size > 0) {
-                   if (i$3 > 0) {
-                     var prev = this.get(i$3 - 1);
-                     if (prev.equals2D(coord$4)) { return null }
-                   }
-                   if (i$3 < size) {
-                     var next = this.get(i$3);
-                     if (next.equals2D(coord$4)) { return null }
-                   }
-                 }
+
+               return;
+             } else if (_connection && _connection.getConnectionId() !== cid) {
+               if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+                 callback({
+                   message: 'Connection Switched',
+                   status: -1
+                 });
+               }
+
+               return;
+             } else {
+               _history.merge(result.data, result.extent);
+
+               if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+                 callback(err, result);
                }
-               ArrayList$$1.prototype.add.call(this, i$3, coord$4);
+
+               return;
+             }
+           };
+         }
+
+         context.loadTiles = function (projection, callback) {
+           var handle = window.requestIdleCallback(function () {
+             _deferred["delete"](handle);
+
+             if (_connection && context.editableDataEnabled()) {
+               var cid = _connection.getConnectionId();
+
+               _connection.loadTiles(projection, afterLoad(cid, callback));
              }
-           } else if (arguments.length === 4) {
-             var coord$5 = arguments[0];
-             var allowRepeated$5 = arguments[1];
-             var start = arguments[2];
-             var end = arguments[3];
-             var inc = 1;
-             if (start > end) { inc = -1; }
-             for (var i = start; i !== end; i += inc) {
-               this$1.add(coord$5[i], allowRepeated$5);
+           });
+
+           _deferred.add(handle);
+         };
+
+         context.loadTileAtLoc = function (loc, callback) {
+           var handle = window.requestIdleCallback(function () {
+             _deferred["delete"](handle);
+
+             if (_connection && context.editableDataEnabled()) {
+               var cid = _connection.getConnectionId();
+
+               _connection.loadTileAtLoc(loc, afterLoad(cid, callback));
              }
-             return true
+           });
+
+           _deferred.add(handle);
+         }; // Download the full entity and its parent relations. The callback may be called multiple times.
+
+
+         context.loadEntity = function (entityID, callback) {
+           if (_connection) {
+             var cid = _connection.getConnectionId();
+
+             _connection.loadEntity(entityID, afterLoad(cid, callback)); // We need to fetch the parent relations separately.
+
+
+             _connection.loadEntityRelations(entityID, afterLoad(cid, callback));
            }
          };
-         CoordinateList.prototype.closeRing = function closeRing () {
-           if (this.size() > 0) { this.add(new Coordinate(this.get(0)), false); }
+
+         context.zoomToEntity = function (entityID, zoomTo) {
+           // be sure to load the entity even if we're not going to zoom to it
+           context.loadEntity(entityID, function (err, result) {
+             if (err) return;
+
+             if (zoomTo !== false) {
+               var entity = result.data.find(function (e) {
+                 return e.id === entityID;
+               });
+
+               if (entity) {
+                 _map.zoomTo(entity);
+               }
+             }
+           });
+
+           _map.on('drawn.zoomToEntity', function () {
+             if (!context.hasEntity(entityID)) return;
+
+             _map.on('drawn.zoomToEntity', null);
+
+             context.on('enter.zoomToEntity', null);
+             context.enter(modeSelect(context, [entityID]));
+           });
+
+           context.on('enter.zoomToEntity', function () {
+             if (_mode.id !== 'browse') {
+               _map.on('drawn.zoomToEntity', null);
+
+               context.on('enter.zoomToEntity', null);
+             }
+           });
          };
-         CoordinateList.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-           return []
+
+         var _minEditableZoom = 16;
+
+         context.minEditableZoom = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _minEditableZoom;
+           _minEditableZoom = val;
+
+           if (_connection) {
+             _connection.tileZoom(val);
+           }
+
+           return context;
+         }; // String length limits in Unicode characters, not JavaScript UTF-16 code units
+
+
+         context.maxCharsForTagKey = function () {
+           return 255;
          };
-         CoordinateList.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-           return CoordinateList
+
+         context.maxCharsForTagValue = function () {
+           return 255;
          };
 
-         Object.defineProperties( CoordinateList, staticAccessors );
+         context.maxCharsForRelationRole = function () {
+           return 255;
+         };
 
-         return CoordinateList;
-       }(ArrayList));
+         function cleanOsmString(val, maxChars) {
+           // be lenient with input
+           if (val === undefined || val === null) {
+             val = '';
+           } else {
+             val = val.toString();
+           } // remove whitespace
 
-       var CoordinateArrays = function CoordinateArrays () {};
 
-       var staticAccessors$13 = { ForwardComparator: { configurable: true },BidirectionalComparator: { configurable: true },coordArrayType: { configurable: true } };
+           val = val.trim(); // use the canonical form of the string
 
-       staticAccessors$13.ForwardComparator.get = function () { return ForwardComparator };
-       staticAccessors$13.BidirectionalComparator.get = function () { return BidirectionalComparator };
-       staticAccessors$13.coordArrayType.get = function () { return new Array(0).fill(null) };
+           if (val.normalize) val = val.normalize('NFC'); // trim to the number of allowed characters
 
-       CoordinateArrays.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       CoordinateArrays.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return CoordinateArrays
-       };
-       CoordinateArrays.isRing = function isRing (pts) {
-         if (pts.length < 4) { return false }
-         if (!pts[0].equals2D(pts[pts.length - 1])) { return false }
-         return true
-       };
-       CoordinateArrays.ptNotInList = function ptNotInList (testPts, pts) {
-         for (var i = 0; i < testPts.length; i++) {
-           var testPt = testPts[i];
-           if (CoordinateArrays.indexOf(testPt, pts) < 0) { return testPt }
-         }
-         return null
-       };
-       CoordinateArrays.scroll = function scroll (coordinates, firstCoordinate) {
-         var i = CoordinateArrays.indexOf(firstCoordinate, coordinates);
-         if (i < 0) { return null }
-         var newCoordinates = new Array(coordinates.length).fill(null);
-         System.arraycopy(coordinates, i, newCoordinates, 0, coordinates.length - i);
-         System.arraycopy(coordinates, 0, newCoordinates, coordinates.length - i, i);
-         System.arraycopy(newCoordinates, 0, coordinates, 0, coordinates.length);
-       };
-       CoordinateArrays.equals = function equals () {
-         if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var coord1 = arguments[0];
-           var coord2 = arguments[1];
-           if (coord1 === coord2) { return true }
-           if (coord1 === null || coord2 === null) { return false }
-           if (coord1.length !== coord2.length) { return false }
-           for (var i = 0; i < coord1.length; i++) {
-             if (!coord1[i].equals(coord2[i])) { return false }
-           }
-           return true
-         } else if (arguments.length === 3) {
-           var coord1$1 = arguments[0];
-           var coord2$1 = arguments[1];
-           var coordinateComparator = arguments[2];
-           if (coord1$1 === coord2$1) { return true }
-           if (coord1$1 === null || coord2$1 === null) { return false }
-           if (coord1$1.length !== coord2$1.length) { return false }
-           for (var i$1 = 0; i$1 < coord1$1.length; i$1++) {
-             if (coordinateComparator.compare(coord1$1[i$1], coord2$1[i$1]) !== 0) { return false }
-           }
-           return true
-         }
-       };
-       CoordinateArrays.intersection = function intersection (coordinates, env) {
-         var coordList = new CoordinateList();
-         for (var i = 0; i < coordinates.length; i++) {
-           if (env.intersects(coordinates[i])) { coordList.add(coordinates[i], true); }
-         }
-         return coordList.toCoordinateArray()
-       };
-       CoordinateArrays.hasRepeatedPoints = function hasRepeatedPoints (coord) {
-         for (var i = 1; i < coord.length; i++) {
-           if (coord[i - 1].equals(coord[i])) {
-             return true
-           }
-         }
-         return false
-       };
-       CoordinateArrays.removeRepeatedPoints = function removeRepeatedPoints (coord) {
-         if (!CoordinateArrays.hasRepeatedPoints(coord)) { return coord }
-         var coordList = new CoordinateList(coord, false);
-         return coordList.toCoordinateArray()
-       };
-       CoordinateArrays.reverse = function reverse (coord) {
-         var last = coord.length - 1;
-         var mid = Math.trunc(last / 2);
-         for (var i = 0; i <= mid; i++) {
-           var tmp = coord[i];
-           coord[i] = coord[last - i];
-           coord[last - i] = tmp;
+           return utilUnicodeCharsTruncated(val, maxChars);
          }
-       };
-       CoordinateArrays.removeNull = function removeNull (coord) {
-         var nonNull = 0;
-         for (var i = 0; i < coord.length; i++) {
-           if (coord[i] !== null) { nonNull++; }
-         }
-         var newCoord = new Array(nonNull).fill(null);
-         if (nonNull === 0) { return newCoord }
-         var j = 0;
-         for (var i$1 = 0; i$1 < coord.length; i$1++) {
-           if (coord[i$1] !== null) { newCoord[j++] = coord[i$1]; }
-         }
-         return newCoord
-       };
-       CoordinateArrays.copyDeep = function copyDeep () {
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var coordinates = arguments[0];
-           var copy = new Array(coordinates.length).fill(null);
-           for (var i = 0; i < coordinates.length; i++) {
-             copy[i] = new Coordinate(coordinates[i]);
-           }
-           return copy
-         } else if (arguments.length === 5) {
-           var src = arguments[0];
-           var srcStart = arguments[1];
-           var dest = arguments[2];
-           var destStart = arguments[3];
-           var length = arguments[4];
-           for (var i$1 = 0; i$1 < length; i$1++) {
-             dest[destStart + i$1] = new Coordinate(src[srcStart + i$1]);
+
+         context.cleanTagKey = function (val) {
+           return cleanOsmString(val, context.maxCharsForTagKey());
+         };
+
+         context.cleanTagValue = function (val) {
+           return cleanOsmString(val, context.maxCharsForTagValue());
+         };
+
+         context.cleanRelationRole = function (val) {
+           return cleanOsmString(val, context.maxCharsForRelationRole());
+         };
+         /* History */
+
+
+         var _inIntro = false;
+
+         context.inIntro = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _inIntro;
+           _inIntro = val;
+           return context;
+         }; // Immediately save the user's history to localstorage, if possible
+         // This is called someteimes, but also on the `window.onbeforeunload` handler
+
+
+         context.save = function () {
+           // no history save, no message onbeforeunload
+           if (_inIntro || context.container().select('.modal').size()) return;
+           var canSave;
+
+           if (_mode && _mode.id === 'save') {
+             canSave = false; // Attempt to prevent user from creating duplicate changes - see #5200
+
+             if (services.osm && services.osm.isChangesetInflight()) {
+               _history.clearSaved();
+
+               return;
+             }
+           } else {
+             canSave = context.selectedIDs().every(function (id) {
+               var entity = context.hasEntity(id);
+               return entity && !entity.isDegenerate();
+             });
            }
-         }
-       };
-       CoordinateArrays.isEqualReversed = function isEqualReversed (pts1, pts2) {
-         for (var i = 0; i < pts1.length; i++) {
-           var p1 = pts1[i];
-           var p2 = pts2[pts1.length - i - 1];
-           if (p1.compareTo(p2) !== 0) { return false }
-         }
-         return true
-       };
-       CoordinateArrays.envelope = function envelope (coordinates) {
-         var env = new Envelope();
-         for (var i = 0; i < coordinates.length; i++) {
-           env.expandToInclude(coordinates[i]);
-         }
-         return env
-       };
-       CoordinateArrays.toCoordinateArray = function toCoordinateArray (coordList) {
-         return coordList.toArray(CoordinateArrays.coordArrayType)
-       };
-       CoordinateArrays.atLeastNCoordinatesOrNothing = function atLeastNCoordinatesOrNothing (n, c) {
-         return c.length >= n ? c : []
-       };
-       CoordinateArrays.indexOf = function indexOf (coordinate, coordinates) {
-         for (var i = 0; i < coordinates.length; i++) {
-           if (coordinate.equals(coordinates[i])) {
-             return i
+
+           if (canSave) {
+             _history.save();
            }
-         }
-         return -1
-       };
-       CoordinateArrays.increasingDirection = function increasingDirection (pts) {
-         for (var i = 0; i < Math.trunc(pts.length / 2); i++) {
-           var j = pts.length - 1 - i;
-           var comp = pts[i].compareTo(pts[j]);
-           if (comp !== 0) { return comp }
-         }
-         return 1
-       };
-       CoordinateArrays.compare = function compare (pts1, pts2) {
-         var i = 0;
-         while (i < pts1.length && i < pts2.length) {
-           var compare = pts1[i].compareTo(pts2[i]);
-           if (compare !== 0) { return compare }
-           i++;
-         }
-         if (i < pts2.length) { return -1 }
-         if (i < pts1.length) { return 1 }
-         return 0
-       };
-       CoordinateArrays.minCoordinate = function minCoordinate (coordinates) {
-         var minCoord = null;
-         for (var i = 0; i < coordinates.length; i++) {
-           if (minCoord === null || minCoord.compareTo(coordinates[i]) > 0) {
-             minCoord = coordinates[i];
+
+           if (_history.hasChanges()) {
+             return _t('save.unsaved_changes');
            }
+         }; // Debounce save, since it's a synchronous localStorage write,
+         // and history changes can happen frequently (e.g. when dragging).
+
+
+         context.debouncedSave = debounce(context.save, 350);
+
+         function withDebouncedSave(fn) {
+           return function () {
+             var result = fn.apply(_history, arguments);
+             context.debouncedSave();
+             return result;
+           };
          }
-         return minCoord
-       };
-       CoordinateArrays.extract = function extract (pts, start, end) {
-         start = MathUtil.clamp(start, 0, pts.length);
-         end = MathUtil.clamp(end, -1, pts.length);
-         var npts = end - start + 1;
-         if (end < 0) { npts = 0; }
-         if (start >= pts.length) { npts = 0; }
-         if (end < start) { npts = 0; }
-         var extractPts = new Array(npts).fill(null);
-         if (npts === 0) { return extractPts }
-         var iPts = 0;
-         for (var i = start; i <= end; i++) {
-           extractPts[iPts++] = pts[i];
-         }
-         return extractPts
-       };
+         /* Graph */
+
+
+         context.hasEntity = function (id) {
+           return _history.graph().hasEntity(id);
+         };
 
-       Object.defineProperties( CoordinateArrays, staticAccessors$13 );
+         context.entity = function (id) {
+           return _history.graph().entity(id);
+         };
+         /* Modes */
 
-       var ForwardComparator = function ForwardComparator () {};
 
-       ForwardComparator.prototype.compare = function compare (o1, o2) {
-         var pts1 = o1;
-         var pts2 = o2;
-         return CoordinateArrays.compare(pts1, pts2)
-       };
-       ForwardComparator.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [Comparator]
-       };
-       ForwardComparator.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return ForwardComparator
-       };
+         var _mode;
 
-       var BidirectionalComparator = function BidirectionalComparator () {};
-
-       BidirectionalComparator.prototype.compare = function compare (o1, o2) {
-         var pts1 = o1;
-         var pts2 = o2;
-         if (pts1.length < pts2.length) { return -1 }
-         if (pts1.length > pts2.length) { return 1 }
-         if (pts1.length === 0) { return 0 }
-         var forwardComp = CoordinateArrays.compare(pts1, pts2);
-         var isEqualRev = CoordinateArrays.isEqualReversed(pts1, pts2);
-         if (isEqualRev) { return 0 }
-         return forwardComp
-       };
-       BidirectionalComparator.prototype.OLDcompare = function OLDcompare (o1, o2) {
-         var pts1 = o1;
-         var pts2 = o2;
-         if (pts1.length < pts2.length) { return -1 }
-         if (pts1.length > pts2.length) { return 1 }
-         if (pts1.length === 0) { return 0 }
-         var dir1 = CoordinateArrays.increasingDirection(pts1);
-         var dir2 = CoordinateArrays.increasingDirection(pts2);
-         var i1 = dir1 > 0 ? 0 : pts1.length - 1;
-         var i2 = dir2 > 0 ? 0 : pts1.length - 1;
-         for (var i = 0; i < pts1.length; i++) {
-           var comparePt = pts1[i1].compareTo(pts2[i2]);
-           if (comparePt !== 0) { return comparePt }
-           i1 += dir1;
-           i2 += dir2;
-         }
-         return 0
-       };
-       BidirectionalComparator.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [Comparator]
-       };
-       BidirectionalComparator.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return BidirectionalComparator
-       };
+         context.mode = function () {
+           return _mode;
+         };
 
-       /**
-        * @see http://download.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/util/Map.html
-        *
-        * @constructor
-        * @private
-        */
-       var Map$1$1 = function Map () {};
+         context.enter = function (newMode) {
+           if (_mode) {
+             _mode.exit();
 
-       Map$1$1.prototype.get = function get () {};
-       /**
-        * Associates the specified value with the specified key in this map (optional
-        * operation).
-        * @param {Object} key
-        * @param {Object} value
-        * @return {Object}
-        */
-       Map$1$1.prototype.put = function put () {};
+             dispatch.call('exit', _this, _mode);
+           }
 
-       /**
-        * Returns the number of key-value mappings in this map.
-        * @return {number}
-        */
-       Map$1$1.prototype.size = function size () {};
+           _mode = newMode;
 
-       /**
-        * Returns a Collection view of the values contained in this map.
-        * @return {javascript.util.Collection}
-        */
-       Map$1$1.prototype.values = function values () {};
+           _mode.enter();
 
-       /**
-        * Returns a {@link Set} view of the mappings contained in this map.
-        * The set is backed by the map, so changes to the map are
-        * reflected in the set, and vice-versa.If the map is modified
-        * while an iteration over the set is in progress (except through
-        * the iterator's own <tt>remove</tt> operation, or through the
-        * <tt>setValue</tt> operation on a map entry returned by the
-        * iterator) the results of the iteration are undefined.The set
-        * supports element removal, which removes the corresponding
-        * mapping from the map, via the <tt>Iterator.remove</tt>,
-        * <tt>Set.remove</tt>, <tt>removeAll</tt>, <tt>retainAll</tt> and
-        * <tt>clear</tt> operations.It does not support the
-        * <tt>add</tt> or <tt>addAll</tt> operations.
-        *
-        * @return {Set} a set view of the mappings contained in this map
-        */
-       Map$1$1.prototype.entrySet = function entrySet () {};
+           dispatch.call('enter', _this, _mode);
+         };
 
-       /**
-        * @see http://download.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/util/SortedMap.html
-        *
-        * @extends {Map}
-        * @constructor
-        * @private
-        */
-       var SortedMap = (function (Map) {
-               function SortedMap () {
-                       Map.apply(this, arguments);
-               }if ( Map ) SortedMap.__proto__ = Map;
-               SortedMap.prototype = Object.create( Map && Map.prototype );
-               SortedMap.prototype.constructor = SortedMap;
+         context.selectedIDs = function () {
+           return _mode && _mode.selectedIDs && _mode.selectedIDs() || [];
+         };
 
-               
+         context.activeID = function () {
+           return _mode && _mode.activeID && _mode.activeID();
+         };
 
-               return SortedMap;
-       }(Map$1$1));
+         var _selectedNoteID;
 
-       /**
-        * @param {string=} message Optional message
-        * @extends {Error}
-        * @constructor
-        * @private
-        */
-       function OperationNotSupported (message) {
-         this.message = message || '';
-       }
-       OperationNotSupported.prototype = new Error();
+         context.selectedNoteID = function (noteID) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _selectedNoteID;
+           _selectedNoteID = noteID;
+           return context;
+         }; // NOTE: Don't change the name of this until UI v3 is merged
 
-       /**
-        * @type {string}
-        */
-       OperationNotSupported.prototype.name = 'OperationNotSupported';
 
-       /**
-        * @see http://download.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/util/Set.html
-        *
-        * @extends {Collection}
-        * @constructor
-        * @private
-        */
-       function Set$2() {}
-       Set$2.prototype = new Collection();
+         var _selectedErrorID;
 
+         context.selectedErrorID = function (errorID) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _selectedErrorID;
+           _selectedErrorID = errorID;
+           return context;
+         };
+         /* Behaviors */
 
-       /**
-        * Returns true if this set contains the specified element. More formally,
-        * returns true if and only if this set contains an element e such that (o==null ?
-        * e==null : o.equals(e)).
-        * @param {Object} e
-        * @return {boolean}
-        */
-       Set$2.prototype.contains = function() {};
 
-       /**
-        * @see http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/util/HashSet.html
-        *
-        * @extends {javascript.util.Set}
-        * @constructor
-        * @private
-        */
-       var HashSet = (function (Set$$1) {
-         function HashSet () {
-           Set$$1.call(this);
-           this.array_ = [];
+         context.install = function (behavior) {
+           return context.surface().call(behavior);
+         };
 
-           if (arguments[0] instanceof Collection) {
-             this.addAll(arguments[0]);
-           }
-         }
+         context.uninstall = function (behavior) {
+           return context.surface().call(behavior.off);
+         };
+         /* Copy/Paste */
 
-         if ( Set$$1 ) HashSet.__proto__ = Set$$1;
-         HashSet.prototype = Object.create( Set$$1 && Set$$1.prototype );
-         HashSet.prototype.constructor = HashSet;
 
-         /**
-          * @override
-          */
-         HashSet.prototype.contains = function contains (o) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+         var _copyGraph;
 
-           for (var i = 0, len = this.array_.length; i < len; i++) {
-             var e = this$1.array_[i];
-             if (e === o) {
-               return true
-             }
-           }
-           return false
+         context.copyGraph = function () {
+           return _copyGraph;
          };
 
-         /**
-          * @override
-          */
-         HashSet.prototype.add = function add (o) {
-           if (this.contains(o)) {
-             return false
-           }
+         var _copyIDs = [];
 
-           this.array_.push(o);
+         context.copyIDs = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _copyIDs;
+           _copyIDs = val;
+           _copyGraph = _history.graph();
+           return context;
+         };
+
+         var _copyLonLat;
 
-           return true
+         context.copyLonLat = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _copyLonLat;
+           _copyLonLat = val;
+           return context;
          };
+         /* Background */
 
-         /**
-          * @override
-          */
-         HashSet.prototype.addAll = function addAll (c) {
-           var this$1 = this;
 
-           for (var i = c.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
-             this$1.add(i.next());
-           }
-           return true
+         var _background;
+
+         context.background = function () {
+           return _background;
          };
+         /* Features */
 
-         /**
-          * @override
-          */
-         HashSet.prototype.remove = function remove (o) {
-           // throw new javascript.util.OperationNotSupported()
-           throw new Error()
+
+         var _features;
+
+         context.features = function () {
+           return _features;
          };
 
-         /**
-          * @override
-          */
-         HashSet.prototype.size = function size () {
-           return this.array_.length
+         context.hasHiddenConnections = function (id) {
+           var graph = _history.graph();
+
+           var entity = graph.entity(id);
+           return _features.hasHiddenConnections(entity, graph);
          };
+         /* Photos */
 
-         /**
-          * @override
-          */
-         HashSet.prototype.isEmpty = function isEmpty () {
-           return this.array_.length === 0
+
+         var _photos;
+
+         context.photos = function () {
+           return _photos;
          };
+         /* Map */
 
-         /**
-          * @override
-          */
-         HashSet.prototype.toArray = function toArray () {
-           var this$1 = this;
 
-           var array = [];
+         var _map;
 
-           for (var i = 0, len = this.array_.length; i < len; i++) {
-             array.push(this$1.array_[i]);
-           }
+         context.map = function () {
+           return _map;
+         };
 
-           return array
+         context.layers = function () {
+           return _map.layers();
          };
 
-         /**
-          * @override
-          */
-         HashSet.prototype.iterator = function iterator () {
-           return new Iterator_$1(this)
+         context.surface = function () {
+           return _map.surface;
          };
 
-         return HashSet;
-       }(Set$2));
+         context.editableDataEnabled = function () {
+           return _map.editableDataEnabled();
+         };
 
-       /**
-          * @extends {Iterator}
-          * @param {HashSet} hashSet
-          * @constructor
-          * @private
-          */
-       var Iterator_$1 = (function (Iterator$$1) {
-         function Iterator_ (hashSet) {
-           Iterator$$1.call(this);
-           /**
-            * @type {HashSet}
-            * @private
-            */
-           this.hashSet_ = hashSet;
-           /**
-            * @type {number}
-            * @private
-            */
-           this.position_ = 0;
-         }
+         context.surfaceRect = function () {
+           return _map.surface.node().getBoundingClientRect();
+         };
+
+         context.editable = function () {
+           // don't allow editing during save
+           var mode = context.mode();
+           if (!mode || mode.id === 'save') return false;
+           return _map.editableDataEnabled();
+         };
+         /* Debug */
 
-         if ( Iterator$$1 ) Iterator_.__proto__ = Iterator$$1;
-         Iterator_.prototype = Object.create( Iterator$$1 && Iterator$$1.prototype );
-         Iterator_.prototype.constructor = Iterator_;
 
-         /**
-          * @override
-          */
-         Iterator_.prototype.next = function next () {
-           if (this.position_ === this.hashSet_.size()) {
-             throw new NoSuchElementException()
-           }
-           return this.hashSet_.array_[this.position_++]
+         var _debugFlags = {
+           tile: false,
+           // tile boundaries
+           collision: false,
+           // label collision bounding boxes
+           imagery: false,
+           // imagery bounding polygons
+           target: false,
+           // touch targets
+           downloaded: false // downloaded data from osm
+
          };
 
-         /**
-          * @override
-          */
-         Iterator_.prototype.hasNext = function hasNext () {
-           if (this.position_ < this.hashSet_.size()) {
-             return true
-           } else {
-             return false
-           }
+         context.debugFlags = function () {
+           return _debugFlags;
          };
 
-         /**
-          * @override
-          */
-         Iterator_.prototype.remove = function remove () {
-           throw new OperationNotSupported()
+         context.getDebug = function (flag) {
+           return flag && _debugFlags[flag];
          };
 
-         return Iterator_;
-       }(Iterator$1));
+         context.setDebug = function (flag, val) {
+           if (arguments.length === 1) val = true;
+           _debugFlags[flag] = val;
+           dispatch.call('change');
+           return context;
+         };
+         /* Container */
 
-       var BLACK = 0;
-       var RED = 1;
-       function colorOf (p) { return (p === null ? BLACK : p.color) }
-       function parentOf (p) { return (p === null ? null : p.parent) }
-       function setColor (p, c) { if (p !== null) { p.color = c; } }
-       function leftOf (p) { return (p === null ? null : p.left) }
-       function rightOf (p) { return (p === null ? null : p.right) }
 
-       /**
-        * @see http://download.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/util/TreeMap.html
-        *
-        * @extends {SortedMap}
-        * @constructor
-        * @private
-        */
-       function TreeMap () {
-         /**
-          * @type {Object}
-          * @private
-          */
-         this.root_ = null;
-         /**
-          * @type {number}
-          * @private
-         */
-         this.size_ = 0;
-       }
-       TreeMap.prototype = new SortedMap();
+         var _container = select(null);
 
-       /**
-        * @override
-        */
-       TreeMap.prototype.get = function (key) {
-         var p = this.root_;
-         while (p !== null) {
-           var cmp = key['compareTo'](p.key);
-           if (cmp < 0) { p = p.left; }
-           else if (cmp > 0) { p = p.right; }
-           else { return p.value }
-         }
-         return null
-       };
+         context.container = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _container;
+           _container = val;
 
-       /**
-        * @override
-        */
-       TreeMap.prototype.put = function (key, value) {
-         if (this.root_ === null) {
-           this.root_ = {
-             key: key,
-             value: value,
-             left: null,
-             right: null,
-             parent: null,
-             color: BLACK,
-             getValue: function getValue () { return this.value },
-             getKey: function getKey () { return this.key }
-           };
-           this.size_ = 1;
-           return null
-         }
-         var t = this.root_;
-         var parent;
-         var cmp;
-         do {
-           parent = t;
-           cmp = key['compareTo'](t.key);
-           if (cmp < 0) {
-             t = t.left;
-           } else if (cmp > 0) {
-             t = t.right;
-           } else {
-             var oldValue = t.value;
-             t.value = value;
-             return oldValue
-           }
-         } while (t !== null)
-         var e = {
-           key: key,
-           left: null,
-           right: null,
-           value: value,
-           parent: parent,
-           color: BLACK,
-           getValue: function getValue () { return this.value },
-           getKey: function getKey () { return this.key }
+           _container.classed('ideditor', true);
+
+           return context;
          };
-         if (cmp < 0) {
-           parent.left = e;
-         } else {
-           parent.right = e;
-         }
-         this.fixAfterInsertion(e);
-         this.size_++;
-         return null
-       };
 
-       /**
-        * @param {Object} x
-        */
-       TreeMap.prototype.fixAfterInsertion = function (x) {
-         var this$1 = this;
-
-         x.color = RED;
-         while (x != null && x !== this.root_ && x.parent.color === RED) {
-           if (parentOf(x) === leftOf(parentOf(parentOf(x)))) {
-             var y = rightOf(parentOf(parentOf(x)));
-             if (colorOf(y) === RED) {
-               setColor(parentOf(x), BLACK);
-               setColor(y, BLACK);
-               setColor(parentOf(parentOf(x)), RED);
-               x = parentOf(parentOf(x));
-             } else {
-               if (x === rightOf(parentOf(x))) {
-                 x = parentOf(x);
-                 this$1.rotateLeft(x);
-               }
-               setColor(parentOf(x), BLACK);
-               setColor(parentOf(parentOf(x)), RED);
-               this$1.rotateRight(parentOf(parentOf(x)));
-             }
-           } else {
-             var y$1 = leftOf(parentOf(parentOf(x)));
-             if (colorOf(y$1) === RED) {
-               setColor(parentOf(x), BLACK);
-               setColor(y$1, BLACK);
-               setColor(parentOf(parentOf(x)), RED);
-               x = parentOf(parentOf(x));
-             } else {
-               if (x === leftOf(parentOf(x))) {
-                 x = parentOf(x);
-                 this$1.rotateRight(x);
-               }
-               setColor(parentOf(x), BLACK);
-               setColor(parentOf(parentOf(x)), RED);
-               this$1.rotateLeft(parentOf(parentOf(x)));
-             }
-           }
-         }
-         this.root_.color = BLACK;
-       };
+         context.containerNode = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return context.container().node();
+           context.container(select(val));
+           return context;
+         };
 
-       /**
-        * @override
-        */
-       TreeMap.prototype.values = function () {
-         var arrayList = new ArrayList();
-         var p = this.getFirstEntry();
-         if (p !== null) {
-           arrayList.add(p.value);
-           while ((p = TreeMap.successor(p)) !== null) {
-             arrayList.add(p.value);
-           }
-         }
-         return arrayList
-       };
+         var _embed;
 
-       /**
-        * @override
-        */
-       TreeMap.prototype.entrySet = function () {
-         var hashSet = new HashSet();
-         var p = this.getFirstEntry();
-         if (p !== null) {
-           hashSet.add(p);
-           while ((p = TreeMap.successor(p)) !== null) {
-             hashSet.add(p);
-           }
-         }
-         return hashSet
-       };
+         context.embed = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _embed;
+           _embed = val;
+           return context;
+         };
+         /* Assets */
 
-       /**
-        * @param {Object} p
-        */
-       TreeMap.prototype.rotateLeft = function (p) {
-         if (p != null) {
-           var r = p.right;
-           p.right = r.left;
-           if (r.left != null) { r.left.parent = p; }
-           r.parent = p.parent;
-           if (p.parent === null) { this.root_ = r; } else if (p.parent.left === p) { p.parent.left = r; } else { p.parent.right = r; }
-           r.left = p;
-           p.parent = r;
-         }
-       };
 
-       /**
-        * @param {Object} p
-        */
-       TreeMap.prototype.rotateRight = function (p) {
-         if (p != null) {
-           var l = p.left;
-           p.left = l.right;
-           if (l.right != null) { l.right.parent = p; }
-           l.parent = p.parent;
-           if (p.parent === null) { this.root_ = l; } else if (p.parent.right === p) { p.parent.right = l; } else { p.parent.left = l; }
-           l.right = p;
-           p.parent = l;
-         }
-       };
+         var _assetPath = '';
 
-       /**
-        * @return {Object}
-        */
-       TreeMap.prototype.getFirstEntry = function () {
-         var p = this.root_;
-         if (p != null) {
-           while (p.left != null) {
-             p = p.left;
-           }
-         }
-         return p
-       };
+         context.assetPath = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _assetPath;
+           _assetPath = val;
+           _mainFileFetcher.assetPath(val);
+           return context;
+         };
 
-       /**
-        * @param {Object} t
-        * @return {Object}
-        * @private
-        */
-       TreeMap.successor = function (t) {
-         if (t === null) { return null } else if (t.right !== null) {
-           var p = t.right;
-           while (p.left !== null) {
-             p = p.left;
-           }
-           return p
-         } else {
-           var p$1 = t.parent;
-           var ch = t;
-           while (p$1 !== null && ch === p$1.right) {
-             ch = p$1;
-             p$1 = p$1.parent;
-           }
-           return p$1
-         }
-       };
+         var _assetMap = {};
 
-       /**
-        * @override
-        */
-       TreeMap.prototype.size = function () {
-         return this.size_
-       };
+         context.assetMap = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _assetMap;
+           _assetMap = val;
+           _mainFileFetcher.assetMap(val);
+           return context;
+         };
 
-       var Lineal = function Lineal () {};
+         context.asset = function (val) {
+           if (/^http(s)?:\/\//i.test(val)) return val;
+           var filename = _assetPath + val;
+           return _assetMap[filename] || filename;
+         };
 
-       Lineal.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       Lineal.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return Lineal
-       };
+         context.imagePath = function (val) {
+           return context.asset("img/".concat(val));
+         };
+         /* reset (aka flush) */
 
-       /**
-        * @see http://download.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/util/SortedSet.html
-        *
-        * @extends {Set}
-        * @constructor
-        * @private
-        */
-       function SortedSet () {}
-       SortedSet.prototype = new Set$2();
 
-       // import Iterator from './Iterator'
-       /**
-        * @see http://download.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/util/TreeSet.html
-        *
-        * @extends {SortedSet}
-        * @constructor
-        * @private
-        */
-       function TreeSet () {
-         /**
-          * @type {Array}
-          * @private
-         */
-         this.array_ = [];
+         context.reset = context.flush = function () {
+           context.debouncedSave.cancel();
+           Array.from(_deferred).forEach(function (handle) {
+             window.cancelIdleCallback(handle);
 
-         if (arguments[0] instanceof Collection) {
-           this.addAll(arguments[0]);
-         }
-       }
-       TreeSet.prototype = new SortedSet();
+             _deferred["delete"](handle);
+           });
+           Object.values(services).forEach(function (service) {
+             if (service && typeof service.reset === 'function') {
+               service.reset(context);
+             }
+           });
+           context.changeset = null;
 
-       /**
-        * @override
-        */
-       TreeSet.prototype.contains = function (o) {
-         var this$1 = this;
+           _validator.reset();
 
-         for (var i = 0, len = this.array_.length; i < len; i++) {
-           var e = this$1.array_[i];
-           if (e['compareTo'](o) === 0) {
-             return true
-           }
-         }
-         return false
-       };
+           _features.reset();
 
-       /**
-        * @override
-        */
-       TreeSet.prototype.add = function (o) {
-         var this$1 = this;
+           _history.reset();
 
-         if (this.contains(o)) {
-           return false
-         }
+           _uploader.reset(); // don't leave stale state in the inspector
 
-         for (var i = 0, len = this.array_.length; i < len; i++) {
-           var e = this$1.array_[i];
-           if (e['compareTo'](o) === 1) {
-             this$1.array_.splice(i, 0, o);
-             return true
-           }
-         }
 
-         this.array_.push(o);
+           context.container().select('.inspector-wrap *').remove();
+           return context;
+         };
+         /* Projections */
 
-         return true
-       };
 
-       /**
-        * @override
-        */
-       TreeSet.prototype.addAll = function (c) {
-         var this$1 = this;
+         context.projection = geoRawMercator();
+         context.curtainProjection = geoRawMercator();
+         /* Init */
 
-         for (var i = c.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
-           this$1.add(i.next());
-         }
-         return true
-       };
+         context.init = function () {
+           instantiateInternal();
+           initializeDependents();
+           return context; // Load variables and properties. No property of `context` should be accessed
+           // until this is complete since load statuses are indeterminate. The order
+           // of instantiation shouldn't matter.
 
-       /**
-        * @override
-        */
-       TreeSet.prototype.remove = function (e) {
-         throw new OperationNotSupported()
-       };
+           function instantiateInternal() {
+             _history = coreHistory(context);
+             context.graph = _history.graph;
+             context.pauseChangeDispatch = _history.pauseChangeDispatch;
+             context.resumeChangeDispatch = _history.resumeChangeDispatch;
+             context.perform = withDebouncedSave(_history.perform);
+             context.replace = withDebouncedSave(_history.replace);
+             context.pop = withDebouncedSave(_history.pop);
+             context.overwrite = withDebouncedSave(_history.overwrite);
+             context.undo = withDebouncedSave(_history.undo);
+             context.redo = withDebouncedSave(_history.redo);
+             _validator = coreValidator(context);
+             _uploader = coreUploader(context);
+             _background = rendererBackground(context);
+             _features = rendererFeatures(context);
+             _map = rendererMap(context);
+             _photos = rendererPhotos(context);
+             _ui = uiInit(context);
+           } // Set up objects that might need to access properties of `context`. The order
+           // might matter if dependents make calls to each other. Be wary of async calls.
 
-       /**
-        * @override
-        */
-       TreeSet.prototype.size = function () {
-         return this.array_.length
-       };
 
-       /**
-        * @override
-        */
-       TreeSet.prototype.isEmpty = function () {
-         return this.array_.length === 0
-       };
+           function initializeDependents() {
+             if (context.initialHashParams.presets) {
+               _mainPresetIndex.addablePresetIDs(new Set(context.initialHashParams.presets.split(',')));
+             }
 
-       /**
-        * @override
-        */
-       TreeSet.prototype.toArray = function () {
-         var this$1 = this;
+             if (context.initialHashParams.locale) {
+               _mainLocalizer.preferredLocaleCodes(context.initialHashParams.locale);
+             } // kick off some async work
 
-         var array = [];
 
-         for (var i = 0, len = this.array_.length; i < len; i++) {
-           array.push(this$1.array_[i]);
-         }
+             _mainLocalizer.ensureLoaded();
 
-         return array
-       };
+             _background.ensureLoaded();
 
-       /**
-        * @override
-        */
-       TreeSet.prototype.iterator = function () {
-         return new Iterator_$2(this)
-       };
+             _mainPresetIndex.ensureLoaded();
+             Object.values(services).forEach(function (service) {
+               if (service && typeof service.init === 'function') {
+                 service.init();
+               }
+             });
 
-       /**
-        * @extends {javascript.util.Iterator}
-        * @param {javascript.util.TreeSet} treeSet
-        * @constructor
-        * @private
-        */
-       var Iterator_$2 = function (treeSet) {
-         /**
-          * @type {javascript.util.TreeSet}
-          * @private
-          */
-         this.treeSet_ = treeSet;
-         /**
-          * @type {number}
-          * @private
-          */
-         this.position_ = 0;
-       };
+             _map.init();
 
-       /**
-        * @override
-        */
-       Iterator_$2.prototype.next = function () {
-         if (this.position_ === this.treeSet_.size()) {
-           throw new NoSuchElementException()
-         }
-         return this.treeSet_.array_[this.position_++]
-       };
+             _validator.init();
 
-       /**
-        * @override
-        */
-       Iterator_$2.prototype.hasNext = function () {
-         if (this.position_ < this.treeSet_.size()) {
-           return true
-         } else {
-           return false
-         }
-       };
+             _features.init();
 
-       /**
-        * @override
-        */
-       Iterator_$2.prototype.remove = function () {
-         throw new OperationNotSupported()
-       };
+             if (services.maprules && context.initialHashParams.maprules) {
+               d3_json(context.initialHashParams.maprules).then(function (mapcss) {
+                 services.maprules.init();
+                 mapcss.forEach(function (mapcssSelector) {
+                   return services.maprules.addRule(mapcssSelector);
+                 });
+               })["catch"](function () {
+                 /* ignore */
+               });
+             } // if the container isn't available, e.g. when testing, don't load the UI
 
-       /**
-        * @see http://download.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/util/Arrays.html
-        *
-        * @constructor
-        * @private
-        */
-       var Arrays = function Arrays () {};
 
-       Arrays.sort = function sort () {
-         var a = arguments[0];
-         var i;
-         var t;
-         var comparator;
-         var compare;
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           compare = function (a, b) {
-             return a.compareTo(b)
-           };
-           a.sort(compare);
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           comparator = arguments[1];
-           compare = function (a, b) {
-             return comparator['compare'](a, b)
-           };
-           a.sort(compare);
-         } else if (arguments.length === 3) {
-           t = a.slice(arguments[1], arguments[2]);
-           t.sort();
-           var r = a.slice(0, arguments[1]).concat(t, a.slice(arguments[2], a.length));
-           a.splice(0, a.length);
-           for (i = 0; i < r.length; i++) {
-             a.push(r[i]);
-           }
-         } else if (arguments.length === 4) {
-           t = a.slice(arguments[1], arguments[2]);
-           comparator = arguments[3];
-           compare = function (a, b) {
-             return comparator['compare'](a, b)
-           };
-           t.sort(compare);
-           r = a.slice(0, arguments[1]).concat(t, a.slice(arguments[2], a.length));
-           a.splice(0, a.length);
-           for (i = 0; i < r.length; i++) {
-             a.push(r[i]);
+             if (!context.container().empty()) {
+               _ui.ensureLoaded().then(function () {
+                 _photos.init();
+               });
+             }
            }
-         }
-       };
-       /**
-        * @param {Array} array
-        * @return {ArrayList}
-        */
-       Arrays.asList = function asList (array) {
-         var arrayList = new ArrayList();
-         for (var i = 0, len = array.length; i < len; i++) {
-           arrayList.add(array[i]);
-         }
-         return arrayList
-       };
-
-       var Dimension = function Dimension () {};
-
-       var staticAccessors$14 = { P: { configurable: true },L: { configurable: true },A: { configurable: true },FALSE: { configurable: true },TRUE: { configurable: true },DONTCARE: { configurable: true },SYM_FALSE: { configurable: true },SYM_TRUE: { configurable: true },SYM_DONTCARE: { configurable: true },SYM_P: { configurable: true },SYM_L: { configurable: true },SYM_A: { configurable: true } };
-
-       staticAccessors$14.P.get = function () { return 0 };
-       staticAccessors$14.L.get = function () { return 1 };
-       staticAccessors$14.A.get = function () { return 2 };
-       staticAccessors$14.FALSE.get = function () { return -1 };
-       staticAccessors$14.TRUE.get = function () { return -2 };
-       staticAccessors$14.DONTCARE.get = function () { return -3 };
-       staticAccessors$14.SYM_FALSE.get = function () { return 'F' };
-       staticAccessors$14.SYM_TRUE.get = function () { return 'T' };
-       staticAccessors$14.SYM_DONTCARE.get = function () { return '*' };
-       staticAccessors$14.SYM_P.get = function () { return '0' };
-       staticAccessors$14.SYM_L.get = function () { return '1' };
-       staticAccessors$14.SYM_A.get = function () { return '2' };
-
-       Dimension.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       Dimension.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return Dimension
-       };
-       Dimension.toDimensionSymbol = function toDimensionSymbol (dimensionValue) {
-         switch (dimensionValue) {
-           case Dimension.FALSE:
-             return Dimension.SYM_FALSE
-           case Dimension.TRUE:
-             return Dimension.SYM_TRUE
-           case Dimension.DONTCARE:
-             return Dimension.SYM_DONTCARE
-           case Dimension.P:
-             return Dimension.SYM_P
-           case Dimension.L:
-             return Dimension.SYM_L
-           case Dimension.A:
-             return Dimension.SYM_A
-         }
-         throw new IllegalArgumentException('Unknown dimension value: ' + dimensionValue)
-       };
-       Dimension.toDimensionValue = function toDimensionValue (dimensionSymbol) {
-         switch (Character.toUpperCase(dimensionSymbol)) {
-           case Dimension.SYM_FALSE:
-             return Dimension.FALSE
-           case Dimension.SYM_TRUE:
-             return Dimension.TRUE
-           case Dimension.SYM_DONTCARE:
-             return Dimension.DONTCARE
-           case Dimension.SYM_P:
-             return Dimension.P
-           case Dimension.SYM_L:
-             return Dimension.L
-           case Dimension.SYM_A:
-             return Dimension.A
-         }
-         throw new IllegalArgumentException('Unknown dimension symbol: ' + dimensionSymbol)
-       };
+         };
 
-       Object.defineProperties( Dimension, staticAccessors$14 );
+         return context;
+       }
 
-       var GeometryFilter = function GeometryFilter () {};
+       // NSI contains the most correct tagging for many commonly mapped features.
+       // See https://github.com/osmlab/name-suggestion-index  and  https://nsi.guide
+       // DATA
 
-       GeometryFilter.prototype.filter = function filter (geom) {};
-       GeometryFilter.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       GeometryFilter.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return GeometryFilter
-       };
+       var _nsiStatus = 'loading'; // 'loading', 'ok', 'failed'
 
-       var CoordinateSequenceFilter = function CoordinateSequenceFilter () {};
+       var _nsi = {}; // Sometimes we can upgrade a feature tagged like `building=yes` to a better tag.
 
-       CoordinateSequenceFilter.prototype.filter = function filter (seq, i) {};
-       CoordinateSequenceFilter.prototype.isDone = function isDone () {};
-       CoordinateSequenceFilter.prototype.isGeometryChanged = function isGeometryChanged () {};
-       CoordinateSequenceFilter.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       CoordinateSequenceFilter.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return CoordinateSequenceFilter
-       };
+       var buildingPreset = {
+         'building/commercial': true,
+         'building/government': true,
+         'building/hotel': true,
+         'building/retail': true,
+         'building/office': true,
+         'building/supermarket': true,
+         'building/yes': true
+       }; // Exceptions to the namelike regexes.
+       // Usually a tag suffix contains a language code like `name:en`, `name:ru`
+       // but we want to exclude things like `operator:type`, `name:etymology`, etc..
 
-       var GeometryCollection = (function (Geometry$$1) {
-         function GeometryCollection (geometries, factory) {
-           Geometry$$1.call(this, factory);
-           this._geometries = geometries || [];
+       var notNames = /:(colou?r|type|forward|backward|left|right|etymology|pronunciation|wikipedia)$/i; // Exceptions to the branchlike regexes
 
-           if (Geometry$$1.hasNullElements(this._geometries)) {
-             throw new IllegalArgumentException('geometries must not contain null elements')
-           }
-         }
+       var notBranches = /(coop|express|wireless|factory|outlet)/i; // PRIVATE FUNCTIONS
+       // `setNsiSources()`
+       // Adds the sources to iD's filemap so we can start downloading data.
+       //
 
-         if ( Geometry$$1 ) GeometryCollection.__proto__ = Geometry$$1;
-         GeometryCollection.prototype = Object.create( Geometry$$1 && Geometry$$1.prototype );
-         GeometryCollection.prototype.constructor = GeometryCollection;
+       function setNsiSources() {
+         var nsiVersion = packageJSON.devDependencies['name-suggestion-index'];
+         var v = vparse(nsiVersion);
+         var vMinor = "".concat(v.major, ".").concat(v.minor);
+         var sources = {
+           'nsi_data': "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/name-suggestion-index@".concat(vMinor, "/dist/nsi.min.json"),
+           'nsi_dissolved': "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/name-suggestion-index@".concat(vMinor, "/dist/dissolved.min.json"),
+           'nsi_features': "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/name-suggestion-index@".concat(vMinor, "/dist/featureCollection.min.json"),
+           'nsi_generics': "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/name-suggestion-index@".concat(vMinor, "/dist/genericWords.min.json"),
+           'nsi_presets': "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/name-suggestion-index@".concat(vMinor, "/dist/presets/nsi-id-presets.min.json"),
+           'nsi_replacements': "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/name-suggestion-index@".concat(vMinor, "/dist/replacements.min.json"),
+           'nsi_trees': "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/name-suggestion-index@".concat(vMinor, "/dist/trees.min.json")
+         };
+         var fileMap = _mainFileFetcher.fileMap();
+
+         for (var k in sources) {
+           fileMap[k] = sources[k];
+         }
+       } // `loadNsiPresets()`
+       //  Returns a Promise fulfilled when the presets have been downloaded and merged into iD.
+       //
 
-         var staticAccessors = { serialVersionUID: { configurable: true } };
-         GeometryCollection.prototype.computeEnvelopeInternal = function computeEnvelopeInternal () {
-           var this$1 = this;
 
-           var envelope = new Envelope();
-           for (var i = 0; i < this._geometries.length; i++) {
-             envelope.expandToInclude(this$1._geometries[i].getEnvelopeInternal());
-           }
-           return envelope
-         };
-         GeometryCollection.prototype.getGeometryN = function getGeometryN (n) {
-           return this._geometries[n]
-         };
-         GeometryCollection.prototype.getSortIndex = function getSortIndex () {
-           return Geometry$$1.SORTINDEX_GEOMETRYCOLLECTION
-         };
-         GeometryCollection.prototype.getCoordinates = function getCoordinates () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+       function loadNsiPresets() {
+         return Promise.all([_mainFileFetcher.get('nsi_presets'), _mainFileFetcher.get('nsi_features')]).then(function (vals) {
+           // Add `suggestion=true` to all the nsi presets
+           // The preset json schema doesn't include it, but the iD code still uses it
+           Object.values(vals[0].presets).forEach(function (preset) {
+             return preset.suggestion = true;
+           });
+           _mainPresetIndex.merge({
+             presets: vals[0].presets,
+             featureCollection: vals[1]
+           });
+         });
+       } // `loadNsiData()`
+       //  Returns a Promise fulfilled when the other data have been downloaded and processed
+       //
 
-           var coordinates = new Array(this.getNumPoints()).fill(null);
-           var k = -1;
-           for (var i = 0; i < this._geometries.length; i++) {
-             var childCoordinates = this$1._geometries[i].getCoordinates();
-             for (var j = 0; j < childCoordinates.length; j++) {
-               k++;
-               coordinates[k] = childCoordinates[j];
-             }
-           }
-           return coordinates
-         };
-         GeometryCollection.prototype.getArea = function getArea () {
-           var this$1 = this;
 
-           var area = 0.0;
-           for (var i = 0; i < this._geometries.length; i++) {
-             area += this$1._geometries[i].getArea();
-           }
-           return area
-         };
-         GeometryCollection.prototype.equalsExact = function equalsExact () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+       function loadNsiData() {
+         return Promise.all([_mainFileFetcher.get('nsi_data'), _mainFileFetcher.get('nsi_dissolved'), _mainFileFetcher.get('nsi_replacements'), _mainFileFetcher.get('nsi_trees')]).then(function (vals) {
+           _nsi = {
+             data: vals[0].nsi,
+             // the raw name-suggestion-index data
+             dissolved: vals[1].dissolved,
+             // list of dissolved items
+             replacements: vals[2].replacements,
+             // trivial old->new qid replacements
+             trees: vals[3].trees,
+             // metadata about trees, main tags
+             kvt: new Map(),
+             // Map (k -> Map (v -> t) )
+             qids: new Map(),
+             // Map (wd/wp tag values -> qids)
+             ids: new Map() // Map (id -> NSI item)
 
-           if (arguments.length === 2) {
-             var other = arguments[0];
-             var tolerance = arguments[1];
-             if (!this.isEquivalentClass(other)) {
-               return false
-             }
-             var otherCollection = other;
-             if (this._geometries.length !== otherCollection._geometries.length) {
-               return false
-             }
-             for (var i = 0; i < this._geometries.length; i++) {
-               if (!this$1._geometries[i].equalsExact(otherCollection._geometries[i], tolerance)) {
-                 return false
-               }
-             }
-             return true
-           } else { return Geometry$$1.prototype.equalsExact.apply(this, arguments) }
-         };
-         GeometryCollection.prototype.normalize = function normalize () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+           };
+           _nsi.matcher = new Matcher();
 
-           for (var i = 0; i < this._geometries.length; i++) {
-             this$1._geometries[i].normalize();
-           }
-           Arrays.sort(this._geometries);
-         };
-         GeometryCollection.prototype.getCoordinate = function getCoordinate () {
-           if (this.isEmpty()) { return null }
-           return this._geometries[0].getCoordinate()
-         };
-         GeometryCollection.prototype.getBoundaryDimension = function getBoundaryDimension () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+           _nsi.matcher.buildMatchIndex(_nsi.data);
 
-           var dimension = Dimension.FALSE;
-           for (var i = 0; i < this._geometries.length; i++) {
-             dimension = Math.max(dimension, this$1._geometries[i].getBoundaryDimension());
-           }
-           return dimension
-         };
-         GeometryCollection.prototype.getDimension = function getDimension () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+           _nsi.matcher.buildLocationIndex(_nsi.data, _mainLocations.loco());
 
-           var dimension = Dimension.FALSE;
-           for (var i = 0; i < this._geometries.length; i++) {
-             dimension = Math.max(dimension, this$1._geometries[i].getDimension());
-           }
-           return dimension
-         };
-         GeometryCollection.prototype.getLength = function getLength () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+           Object.keys(_nsi.data).forEach(function (tkv) {
+             var category = _nsi.data[tkv];
+             var parts = tkv.split('/', 3); // tkv = "tree/key/value"
 
-           var sum = 0.0;
-           for (var i = 0; i < this._geometries.length; i++) {
-             sum += this$1._geometries[i].getLength();
-           }
-           return sum
-         };
-         GeometryCollection.prototype.getNumPoints = function getNumPoints () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+             var t = parts[0];
+             var k = parts[1];
+             var v = parts[2]; // Build a reverse index of keys -> values -> trees present in the name-suggestion-index
+             // Collect primary keys  (e.g. "amenity", "craft", "shop", "man_made", "route", etc)
+             // "amenity": {
+             //   "restaurant": "brands"
+             // }
 
-           var numPoints = 0;
-           for (var i = 0; i < this._geometries.length; i++) {
-             numPoints += this$1._geometries[i].getNumPoints();
-           }
-           return numPoints
-         };
-         GeometryCollection.prototype.getNumGeometries = function getNumGeometries () {
-           return this._geometries.length
-         };
-         GeometryCollection.prototype.reverse = function reverse () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+             var vmap = _nsi.kvt.get(k);
 
-           var n = this._geometries.length;
-           var revGeoms = new Array(n).fill(null);
-           for (var i = 0; i < this._geometries.length; i++) {
-             revGeoms[i] = this$1._geometries[i].reverse();
-           }
-           return this.getFactory().createGeometryCollection(revGeoms)
-         };
-         GeometryCollection.prototype.compareToSameClass = function compareToSameClass () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+             if (!vmap) {
+               vmap = new Map();
 
-           if (arguments.length === 1) {
-             var o = arguments[0];
-             var theseElements = new TreeSet(Arrays.asList(this._geometries));
-             var otherElements = new TreeSet(Arrays.asList(o._geometries));
-             return this.compare(theseElements, otherElements)
-           } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-             var o$1 = arguments[0];
-             var comp = arguments[1];
-             var gc = o$1;
-             var n1 = this.getNumGeometries();
-             var n2 = gc.getNumGeometries();
-             var i = 0;
-             while (i < n1 && i < n2) {
-               var thisGeom = this$1.getGeometryN(i);
-               var otherGeom = gc.getGeometryN(i);
-               var holeComp = thisGeom.compareToSameClass(otherGeom, comp);
-               if (holeComp !== 0) { return holeComp }
-               i++;
+               _nsi.kvt.set(k, vmap);
              }
-             if (i < n1) { return 1 }
-             if (i < n2) { return -1 }
-             return 0
-           }
-         };
-         GeometryCollection.prototype.apply = function apply () {
-           var this$1 = this;
 
-           if (hasInterface(arguments[0], CoordinateFilter)) {
-             var filter = arguments[0];
-             for (var i = 0; i < this._geometries.length; i++) {
-               this$1._geometries[i].apply(filter);
-             }
-           } else if (hasInterface(arguments[0], CoordinateSequenceFilter)) {
-             var filter$1 = arguments[0];
-             if (this._geometries.length === 0) { return null }
-             for (var i$1 = 0; i$1 < this._geometries.length; i$1++) {
-               this$1._geometries[i$1].apply(filter$1);
-               if (filter$1.isDone()) {
-                 break
-               }
-             }
-             if (filter$1.isGeometryChanged()) { this.geometryChanged(); }
-           } else if (hasInterface(arguments[0], GeometryFilter)) {
-             var filter$2 = arguments[0];
-             filter$2.filter(this);
-             for (var i$2 = 0; i$2 < this._geometries.length; i$2++) {
-               this$1._geometries[i$2].apply(filter$2);
-             }
-           } else if (hasInterface(arguments[0], GeometryComponentFilter)) {
-             var filter$3 = arguments[0];
-             filter$3.filter(this);
-             for (var i$3 = 0; i$3 < this._geometries.length; i$3++) {
-               this$1._geometries[i$3].apply(filter$3);
-             }
-           }
-         };
-         GeometryCollection.prototype.getBoundary = function getBoundary () {
-           this.checkNotGeometryCollection(this);
-           Assert.shouldNeverReachHere();
-           return null
-         };
-         GeometryCollection.prototype.clone = function clone () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+             vmap.set(v, t);
+             var tree = _nsi.trees[t]; // e.g. "brands", "operators"
 
-           var gc = Geometry$$1.prototype.clone.call(this);
-           gc._geometries = new Array(this._geometries.length).fill(null);
-           for (var i = 0; i < this._geometries.length; i++) {
-             gc._geometries[i] = this$1._geometries[i].clone();
-           }
-           return gc
-         };
-         GeometryCollection.prototype.getGeometryType = function getGeometryType () {
-           return 'GeometryCollection'
-         };
-         GeometryCollection.prototype.copy = function copy () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+             var mainTag = tree.mainTag; // e.g. "brand:wikidata", "operator:wikidata", etc
 
-           var geometries = new Array(this._geometries.length).fill(null);
-           for (var i = 0; i < geometries.length; i++) {
-             geometries[i] = this$1._geometries[i].copy();
-           }
-           return new GeometryCollection(geometries, this._factory)
-         };
-         GeometryCollection.prototype.isEmpty = function isEmpty () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+             var items = category.items || [];
+             items.forEach(function (item) {
+               // Remember some useful things for later, cache NSI id -> item
+               item.tkv = tkv;
+               item.mainTag = mainTag;
 
-           for (var i = 0; i < this._geometries.length; i++) {
-             if (!this$1._geometries[i].isEmpty()) {
-               return false
-             }
-           }
-           return true
-         };
-         GeometryCollection.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-           return []
-         };
-         GeometryCollection.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-           return GeometryCollection
-         };
-         staticAccessors.serialVersionUID.get = function () { return -5694727726395021467 };
+               _nsi.ids.set(item.id, item); // Cache Wikidata/Wikipedia values -> qid, for #6416
 
-         Object.defineProperties( GeometryCollection, staticAccessors );
 
-         return GeometryCollection;
-       }(Geometry));
+               var wd = item.tags[mainTag];
+               var wp = item.tags[mainTag.replace('wikidata', 'wikipedia')];
+               if (wd) _nsi.qids.set(wd, wd);
+               if (wp && wd) _nsi.qids.set(wp, wd);
+             });
+           });
+         });
+       } // `gatherKVs()`
+       // Gather all the k/v pairs that we will run through the NSI matcher.
+       // An OSM tags object can contain anything, but only a few tags will be interesting to NSI.
+       //
+       // This function will return the interesting tag pairs like:
+       //   "amenity/restaurant", "man_made/flagpole"
+       // and fallbacks like
+       //   "amenity/yes"
+       // excluding things like
+       //   "highway", "surface", "ref", etc.
+       //
+       // Arguments
+       //   `tags`: `Object` containing the feature's OSM tags
+       // Returns
+       //   `Object` containing kv pairs to test:
+       //   {
+       //     'primary': Set(),
+       //     'alternate': Set()
+       //   }
+       //
 
-       var MultiLineString = (function (GeometryCollection$$1) {
-         function MultiLineString () {
-           GeometryCollection$$1.apply(this, arguments);
-         }
 
-         if ( GeometryCollection$$1 ) MultiLineString.__proto__ = GeometryCollection$$1;
-         MultiLineString.prototype = Object.create( GeometryCollection$$1 && GeometryCollection$$1.prototype );
-         MultiLineString.prototype.constructor = MultiLineString;
+       function gatherKVs(tags) {
+         var primary = new Set();
+         var alternate = new Set();
+         Object.keys(tags).forEach(function (osmkey) {
+           var osmvalue = tags[osmkey];
+           if (!osmvalue) return;
 
-         var staticAccessors = { serialVersionUID: { configurable: true } };
+           var vmap = _nsi.kvt.get(osmkey);
 
-         MultiLineString.prototype.getSortIndex = function getSortIndex () {
-           return Geometry.SORTINDEX_MULTILINESTRING
-         };
-         MultiLineString.prototype.equalsExact = function equalsExact () {
-           if (arguments.length === 2) {
-             var other = arguments[0];
-             var tolerance = arguments[1];
-             if (!this.isEquivalentClass(other)) {
-               return false
-             }
-             return GeometryCollection$$1.prototype.equalsExact.call(this, other, tolerance)
-           } else { return GeometryCollection$$1.prototype.equalsExact.apply(this, arguments) }
-         };
-         MultiLineString.prototype.getBoundaryDimension = function getBoundaryDimension () {
-           if (this.isClosed()) {
-             return Dimension.FALSE
-           }
-           return 0
-         };
-         MultiLineString.prototype.isClosed = function isClosed () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+           if (!vmap) return;
 
-           if (this.isEmpty()) {
-             return false
-           }
-           for (var i = 0; i < this._geometries.length; i++) {
-             if (!this$1._geometries[i].isClosed()) {
-               return false
-             }
+           if (osmvalue !== 'yes') {
+             primary.add("".concat(osmkey, "/").concat(osmvalue));
+           } else {
+             alternate.add("".concat(osmkey, "/").concat(osmvalue));
            }
-           return true
-         };
-         MultiLineString.prototype.getDimension = function getDimension () {
-           return 1
-         };
-         MultiLineString.prototype.reverse = function reverse () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+         }); // Can we try a generic building fallback match? - See #6122, #7197
+         // Only try this if we do a preset match and find nothing else remarkable about that building.
+         // For example, a way with `building=yes` + `name=Westfield` may be a Westfield department store.
+         // But a way with `building=yes` + `name=Westfield` + `public_transport=station` is a train station for a town named "Westfield"
 
-           var nLines = this._geometries.length;
-           var revLines = new Array(nLines).fill(null);
-           for (var i = 0; i < this._geometries.length; i++) {
-             revLines[nLines - 1 - i] = this$1._geometries[i].reverse();
-           }
-           return this.getFactory().createMultiLineString(revLines)
-         };
-         MultiLineString.prototype.getBoundary = function getBoundary () {
-           return new BoundaryOp(this).getBoundary()
-         };
-         MultiLineString.prototype.getGeometryType = function getGeometryType () {
-           return 'MultiLineString'
-         };
-         MultiLineString.prototype.copy = function copy () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+         var preset = _mainPresetIndex.matchTags(tags, 'area');
 
-           var lineStrings = new Array(this._geometries.length).fill(null);
-           for (var i = 0; i < lineStrings.length; i++) {
-             lineStrings[i] = this$1._geometries[i].copy();
-           }
-           return new MultiLineString(lineStrings, this._factory)
-         };
-         MultiLineString.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-           return [Lineal]
-         };
-         MultiLineString.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-           return MultiLineString
+         if (buildingPreset[preset.id]) {
+           alternate.add('building/yes');
+         }
+
+         return {
+           primary: primary,
+           alternate: alternate
          };
-         staticAccessors.serialVersionUID.get = function () { return 8166665132445433741 };
+       } // `identifyTree()`
+       // NSI has a concept of trees: "brands", "operators", "flags", "transit".
+       // The tree determines things like which tags are namelike, and which tags hold important wikidata.
+       // This takes an Object of tags and tries to identify what tree to use.
+       //
+       // Arguments
+       //   `tags`: `Object` containing the feature's OSM tags
+       // Returns
+       //   `string` the name of the tree if known
+       //   or 'unknown' if it could match several trees (e.g. amenity/yes)
+       //   or null if no match
+       //
 
-         Object.defineProperties( MultiLineString, staticAccessors );
 
-         return MultiLineString;
-       }(GeometryCollection));
+       function identifyTree(tags) {
+         var unknown;
+         var t; // Check all tags
 
-       var BoundaryOp = function BoundaryOp () {
-         this._geom = null;
-         this._geomFact = null;
-         this._bnRule = null;
-         this._endpointMap = null;
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var geom = arguments[0];
-           var bnRule = BoundaryNodeRule.MOD2_BOUNDARY_RULE;
-           this._geom = geom;
-           this._geomFact = geom.getFactory();
-           this._bnRule = bnRule;
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var geom$1 = arguments[0];
-           var bnRule$1 = arguments[1];
-           this._geom = geom$1;
-           this._geomFact = geom$1.getFactory();
-           this._bnRule = bnRule$1;
-         }
-       };
-       BoundaryOp.prototype.boundaryMultiLineString = function boundaryMultiLineString (mLine) {
-         if (this._geom.isEmpty()) {
-           return this.getEmptyMultiPoint()
-         }
-         var bdyPts = this.computeBoundaryCoordinates(mLine);
-         if (bdyPts.length === 1) {
-           return this._geomFact.createPoint(bdyPts[0])
-         }
-         return this._geomFact.createMultiPointFromCoords(bdyPts)
-       };
-       BoundaryOp.prototype.getBoundary = function getBoundary () {
-         if (this._geom instanceof LineString) { return this.boundaryLineString(this._geom) }
-         if (this._geom instanceof MultiLineString) { return this.boundaryMultiLineString(this._geom) }
-         return this._geom.getBoundary()
-       };
-       BoundaryOp.prototype.boundaryLineString = function boundaryLineString (line) {
-         if (this._geom.isEmpty()) {
-           return this.getEmptyMultiPoint()
-         }
-         if (line.isClosed()) {
-           var closedEndpointOnBoundary = this._bnRule.isInBoundary(2);
-           if (closedEndpointOnBoundary) {
-             return line.getStartPoint()
-           } else {
-             return this._geomFact.createMultiPoint()
-           }
-         }
-         return this._geomFact.createMultiPoint([line.getStartPoint(), line.getEndPoint()])
-       };
-       BoundaryOp.prototype.getEmptyMultiPoint = function getEmptyMultiPoint () {
-         return this._geomFact.createMultiPoint()
-       };
-       BoundaryOp.prototype.computeBoundaryCoordinates = function computeBoundaryCoordinates (mLine) {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-         var bdyPts = new ArrayList();
-         this._endpointMap = new TreeMap();
-         for (var i = 0; i < mLine.getNumGeometries(); i++) {
-           var line = mLine.getGeometryN(i);
-           if (line.getNumPoints() === 0) { continue }
-           this$1.addEndpoint(line.getCoordinateN(0));
-           this$1.addEndpoint(line.getCoordinateN(line.getNumPoints() - 1));
-         }
-         for (var it = this._endpointMap.entrySet().iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
-           var entry = it.next();
-           var counter = entry.getValue();
-           var valence = counter.count;
-           if (this$1._bnRule.isInBoundary(valence)) {
-             bdyPts.add(entry.getKey());
-           }
-         }
-         return CoordinateArrays.toCoordinateArray(bdyPts)
-       };
-       BoundaryOp.prototype.addEndpoint = function addEndpoint (pt) {
-         var counter = this._endpointMap.get(pt);
-         if (counter === null) {
-           counter = new Counter();
-           this._endpointMap.put(pt, counter);
-         }
-         counter.count++;
-       };
-       BoundaryOp.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       BoundaryOp.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return BoundaryOp
-       };
-       BoundaryOp.getBoundary = function getBoundary () {
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var g = arguments[0];
-           var bop = new BoundaryOp(g);
-           return bop.getBoundary()
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var g$1 = arguments[0];
-           var bnRule = arguments[1];
-           var bop$1 = new BoundaryOp(g$1, bnRule);
-           return bop$1.getBoundary()
-         }
-       };
+         Object.keys(tags).forEach(function (osmkey) {
+           if (t) return; // found already
+
+           var osmvalue = tags[osmkey];
+           if (!osmvalue) return;
+
+           var vmap = _nsi.kvt.get(osmkey);
+
+           if (!vmap) return; // this key is not in nsi
+
+           if (osmvalue === 'yes') {
+             unknown = 'unknown';
+           } else {
+             t = vmap.get(osmvalue);
+           }
+         });
+         return t || unknown || null;
+       } // `gatherNames()`
+       // Gather all the namelike values that we will run through the NSI matcher.
+       // It will gather values primarily from tags `name`, `name:ru`, `flag:name`
+       //  and fallback to alternate tags like `brand`, `brand:ru`, `alt_name`
+       //
+       // Arguments
+       //   `tags`: `Object` containing the feature's OSM tags
+       // Returns
+       //   `Object` containing namelike values to test:
+       //   {
+       //     'primary': Set(),
+       //     'fallbacks': Set()
+       //   }
+       //
 
-       var Counter = function Counter () {
-         this.count = null;
-       };
-       Counter.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       Counter.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return Counter
-       };
 
-       // boundary
+       function gatherNames(tags) {
+         var empty = {
+           primary: new Set(),
+           alternate: new Set()
+         };
+         var primary = new Set();
+         var alternate = new Set();
+         var foundSemi = false;
+         var testNameFragments = false;
+         var patterns; // Patterns for matching OSM keys that might contain namelike values.
+         // These roughly correspond to the "trees" concept in name-suggestion-index,
+
+         var t = identifyTree(tags);
+         if (!t) return empty;
 
-       function PrintStream () {}
+         if (t === 'transit') {
+           patterns = {
+             primary: /^network$/i,
+             alternate: /^(operator|operator:\w+|network:\w+|\w+_name|\w+_name:\w+)$/i
+           };
+         } else if (t === 'flags') {
+           patterns = {
+             primary: /^(flag:name|flag:name:\w+)$/i,
+             alternate: /^(flag|flag:\w+|subject|subject:\w+)$/i // note: no `country`, we special-case it below
 
-       function StringReader () {}
+           };
+         } else if (t === 'brands') {
+           testNameFragments = true;
+           patterns = {
+             primary: /^(name|name:\w+)$/i,
+             alternate: /^(brand|brand:\w+|operator|operator:\w+|\w+_name|\w+_name:\w+)/i
+           };
+         } else if (t === 'operators') {
+           testNameFragments = true;
+           patterns = {
+             primary: /^(name|name:\w+|operator|operator:\w+)$/i,
+             alternate: /^(brand|brand:\w+|\w+_name|\w+_name:\w+)/i
+           };
+         } else {
+           // unknown/multiple
+           testNameFragments = true;
+           patterns = {
+             primary: /^(name|name:\w+)$/i,
+             alternate: /^(brand|brand:\w+|network|network:\w+|operator|operator:\w+|\w+_name|\w+_name:\w+)/i
+           };
+         } // Test `name` fragments, longest to shortest, to fit them into a "Name Branch" pattern.
+         // e.g. "TUI ReiseCenter - Neuss Innenstadt" -> ["TUI", "ReiseCenter", "Neuss", "Innenstadt"]
 
-       var DecimalFormat = function DecimalFormat () {};
 
-       function ByteArrayOutputStream () {}
+         if (tags.name && testNameFragments) {
+           var nameParts = tags.name.split(/[\s\-\/,.]/);
 
-       function IOException () {}
+           for (var split = nameParts.length; split > 0; split--) {
+             var name = nameParts.slice(0, split).join(' '); // e.g. "TUI ReiseCenter"
 
-       function LineNumberReader () {}
+             primary.add(name);
+           }
+         } // Check all tags
 
-       var StringUtil = function StringUtil () {};
 
-       var staticAccessors$15 = { NEWLINE: { configurable: true },SIMPLE_ORDINATE_FORMAT: { configurable: true } };
+         Object.keys(tags).forEach(function (osmkey) {
+           var osmvalue = tags[osmkey];
+           if (!osmvalue) return;
 
-       StringUtil.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       StringUtil.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return StringUtil
-       };
-       StringUtil.chars = function chars (c, n) {
-         var ch = new Array(n).fill(null);
-         for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-           ch[i] = c;
-         }
-         return String(ch)
-       };
-       StringUtil.getStackTrace = function getStackTrace () {
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var t = arguments[0];
-           var os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
-           var ps = new PrintStream(os);
-           t.printStackTrace(ps);
-           return os.toString()
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var t$1 = arguments[0];
-           var depth = arguments[1];
-           var stackTrace = '';
-           var stringReader = new StringReader(StringUtil.getStackTrace(t$1));
-           var lineNumberReader = new LineNumberReader(stringReader);
-           for (var i = 0; i < depth; i++) {
-             try {
-               stackTrace += lineNumberReader.readLine() + StringUtil.NEWLINE;
-             } catch (e) {
-               if (e instanceof IOException) {
-                 Assert.shouldNeverReachHere();
-               } else { throw e }
-             } finally {}
+           if (isNamelike(osmkey, 'primary')) {
+             if (/;/.test(osmvalue)) {
+               foundSemi = true;
+             } else {
+               primary.add(osmvalue);
+               alternate["delete"](osmvalue);
+             }
+           } else if (!primary.has(osmvalue) && isNamelike(osmkey, 'alternate')) {
+             if (/;/.test(osmvalue)) {
+               foundSemi = true;
+             } else {
+               alternate.add(osmvalue);
+             }
            }
-           return stackTrace
-         }
-       };
-       StringUtil.split = function split (s, separator) {
-         var separatorlen = separator.length;
-         var tokenList = new ArrayList();
-         var tmpString = '' + s;
-         var pos = tmpString.indexOf(separator);
-         while (pos >= 0) {
-           var token = tmpString.substring(0, pos);
-           tokenList.add(token);
-           tmpString = tmpString.substring(pos + separatorlen);
-           pos = tmpString.indexOf(separator);
-         }
-         if (tmpString.length > 0) { tokenList.add(tmpString); }
-         var res = new Array(tokenList.size()).fill(null);
-         for (var i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
-           res[i] = tokenList.get(i);
-         }
-         return res
-       };
-       StringUtil.toString = function toString () {
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var d = arguments[0];
-           return StringUtil.SIMPLE_ORDINATE_FORMAT.format(d)
-         }
-       };
-       StringUtil.spaces = function spaces (n) {
-         return StringUtil.chars(' ', n)
-       };
-       staticAccessors$15.NEWLINE.get = function () { return System.getProperty('line.separator') };
-       staticAccessors$15.SIMPLE_ORDINATE_FORMAT.get = function () { return new DecimalFormat('0.#') };
+         }); // For flags only, fallback to `country` tag only if no other namelike values were found.
+         // See https://github.com/openstreetmap/iD/pull/8305#issuecomment-769174070
 
-       Object.defineProperties( StringUtil, staticAccessors$15 );
+         if (tags.man_made === 'flagpole' && !primary.size && !alternate.size && !!tags.country) {
+           var osmvalue = tags.country;
 
-       var CoordinateSequences = function CoordinateSequences () {};
+           if (/;/.test(osmvalue)) {
+             foundSemi = true;
+           } else {
+             alternate.add(osmvalue);
+           }
+         } // If any namelike value contained a semicolon, return empty set and don't try matching anything.
 
-       CoordinateSequences.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       CoordinateSequences.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return CoordinateSequences
-       };
-       CoordinateSequences.copyCoord = function copyCoord (src, srcPos, dest, destPos) {
-         var minDim = Math.min(src.getDimension(), dest.getDimension());
-         for (var dim = 0; dim < minDim; dim++) {
-           dest.setOrdinate(destPos, dim, src.getOrdinate(srcPos, dim));
-         }
-       };
-       CoordinateSequences.isRing = function isRing (seq) {
-         var n = seq.size();
-         if (n === 0) { return true }
-         if (n <= 3) { return false }
-         return seq.getOrdinate(0, CoordinateSequence.X) === seq.getOrdinate(n - 1, CoordinateSequence.X) && seq.getOrdinate(0, CoordinateSequence.Y) === seq.getOrdinate(n - 1, CoordinateSequence.Y)
-       };
-       CoordinateSequences.isEqual = function isEqual (cs1, cs2) {
-         var cs1Size = cs1.size();
-         var cs2Size = cs2.size();
-         if (cs1Size !== cs2Size) { return false }
-         var dim = Math.min(cs1.getDimension(), cs2.getDimension());
-         for (var i = 0; i < cs1Size; i++) {
-           for (var d = 0; d < dim; d++) {
-             var v1 = cs1.getOrdinate(i, d);
-             var v2 = cs2.getOrdinate(i, d);
-             if (cs1.getOrdinate(i, d) === cs2.getOrdinate(i, d)) { continue }
-             if (Double.isNaN(v1) && Double.isNaN(v2)) { continue }
-             return false
-           }
-         }
-         return true
-       };
-       CoordinateSequences.extend = function extend (fact, seq, size) {
-         var newseq = fact.create(size, seq.getDimension());
-         var n = seq.size();
-         CoordinateSequences.copy(seq, 0, newseq, 0, n);
-         if (n > 0) {
-           for (var i = n; i < size; i++) { CoordinateSequences.copy(seq, n - 1, newseq, i, 1); }
-         }
-         return newseq
-       };
-       CoordinateSequences.reverse = function reverse (seq) {
-         var last = seq.size() - 1;
-         var mid = Math.trunc(last / 2);
-         for (var i = 0; i <= mid; i++) {
-           CoordinateSequences.swap(seq, i, last - i);
-         }
-       };
-       CoordinateSequences.swap = function swap (seq, i, j) {
-         if (i === j) { return null }
-         for (var dim = 0; dim < seq.getDimension(); dim++) {
-           var tmp = seq.getOrdinate(i, dim);
-           seq.setOrdinate(i, dim, seq.getOrdinate(j, dim));
-           seq.setOrdinate(j, dim, tmp);
-         }
-       };
-       CoordinateSequences.copy = function copy (src, srcPos, dest, destPos, length) {
-         for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
-           CoordinateSequences.copyCoord(src, srcPos + i, dest, destPos + i);
-         }
-       };
-       CoordinateSequences.toString = function toString () {
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var cs = arguments[0];
-           var size = cs.size();
-           if (size === 0) { return '()' }
-           var dim = cs.getDimension();
-           var buf = new StringBuffer();
-           buf.append('(');
-           for (var i = 0; i < size; i++) {
-             if (i > 0) { buf.append(' '); }
-             for (var d = 0; d < dim; d++) {
-               if (d > 0) { buf.append(','); }
-               buf.append(StringUtil.toString(cs.getOrdinate(i, d)));
-             }
-           }
-           buf.append(')');
-           return buf.toString()
+
+         if (foundSemi) {
+           return empty;
+         } else {
+           return {
+             primary: primary,
+             alternate: alternate
+           };
          }
-       };
-       CoordinateSequences.ensureValidRing = function ensureValidRing (fact, seq) {
-         var n = seq.size();
-         if (n === 0) { return seq }
-         if (n <= 3) { return CoordinateSequences.createClosedRing(fact, seq, 4) }
-         var isClosed = seq.getOrdinate(0, CoordinateSequence.X) === seq.getOrdinate(n - 1, CoordinateSequence.X) && seq.getOrdinate(0, CoordinateSequence.Y) === seq.getOrdinate(n - 1, CoordinateSequence.Y);
-         if (isClosed) { return seq }
-         return CoordinateSequences.createClosedRing(fact, seq, n + 1)
-       };
-       CoordinateSequences.createClosedRing = function createClosedRing (fact, seq, size) {
-         var newseq = fact.create(size, seq.getDimension());
-         var n = seq.size();
-         CoordinateSequences.copy(seq, 0, newseq, 0, n);
-         for (var i = n; i < size; i++) { CoordinateSequences.copy(seq, 0, newseq, i, 1); }
-         return newseq
-       };
 
-       var LineString = (function (Geometry$$1) {
-         function LineString (points, factory) {
-           Geometry$$1.call(this, factory);
-           this._points = null;
-           this.init(points);
+         function isNamelike(osmkey, which) {
+           return patterns[which].test(osmkey) && !notNames.test(osmkey);
          }
+       } // `gatherTuples()`
+       // Generate all combinations of [key,value,name] that we want to test.
+       // This prioritizes them so that the primary name and k/v pairs go first
+       //
+       // Arguments
+       //   `tryKVs`: `Object` containing primary and alternate k/v pairs to test
+       //   `tryNames`: `Object` containing primary and alternate names to test
+       // Returns
+       //   `Array`: tuple objects ordered by priority
+       //
 
-         if ( Geometry$$1 ) LineString.__proto__ = Geometry$$1;
-         LineString.prototype = Object.create( Geometry$$1 && Geometry$$1.prototype );
-         LineString.prototype.constructor = LineString;
 
-         var staticAccessors = { serialVersionUID: { configurable: true } };
-         LineString.prototype.computeEnvelopeInternal = function computeEnvelopeInternal () {
-           if (this.isEmpty()) {
-             return new Envelope()
-           }
-           return this._points.expandEnvelope(new Envelope())
-         };
-         LineString.prototype.isRing = function isRing () {
-           return this.isClosed() && this.isSimple()
-         };
-         LineString.prototype.getSortIndex = function getSortIndex () {
-           return Geometry$$1.SORTINDEX_LINESTRING
-         };
-         LineString.prototype.getCoordinates = function getCoordinates () {
-           return this._points.toCoordinateArray()
-         };
-         LineString.prototype.equalsExact = function equalsExact () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+       function gatherTuples(tryKVs, tryNames) {
+         var tuples = [];
+         ['primary', 'alternate'].forEach(function (whichName) {
+           // test names longest to shortest
+           var arr = Array.from(tryNames[whichName]).sort(function (a, b) {
+             return b.length - a.length;
+           });
+           arr.forEach(function (n) {
+             ['primary', 'alternate'].forEach(function (whichKV) {
+               tryKVs[whichKV].forEach(function (kv) {
+                 var parts = kv.split('/', 2);
+                 var k = parts[0];
+                 var v = parts[1];
+                 tuples.push({
+                   k: k,
+                   v: v,
+                   n: n
+                 });
+               });
+             });
+           });
+         });
+         return tuples;
+       } // `_upgradeTags()`
+       // Try to match a feature to a canonical record in name-suggestion-index
+       // and upgrade the tags to match.
+       //
+       // Arguments
+       //   `tags`: `Object` containing the feature's OSM tags
+       //   `loc`: Location where this feature exists, as a [lon, lat]
+       // Returns
+       //   `Object`: The tags the the feature should have, or `null` if no changes needed
+       //
 
-           if (arguments.length === 2) {
-             var other = arguments[0];
-             var tolerance = arguments[1];
-             if (!this.isEquivalentClass(other)) {
-               return false
-             }
-             var otherLineString = other;
-             if (this._points.size() !== otherLineString._points.size()) {
-               return false
-             }
-             for (var i = 0; i < this._points.size(); i++) {
-               if (!this$1.equal(this$1._points.getCoordinate(i), otherLineString._points.getCoordinate(i), tolerance)) {
-                 return false
-               }
-             }
-             return true
-           } else { return Geometry$$1.prototype.equalsExact.apply(this, arguments) }
-         };
-         LineString.prototype.normalize = function normalize () {
-           var this$1 = this;
 
-           for (var i = 0; i < Math.trunc(this._points.size() / 2); i++) {
-             var j = this$1._points.size() - 1 - i;
-             if (!this$1._points.getCoordinate(i).equals(this$1._points.getCoordinate(j))) {
-               if (this$1._points.getCoordinate(i).compareTo(this$1._points.getCoordinate(j)) > 0) {
-                 CoordinateSequences.reverse(this$1._points);
-               }
-               return null
-             }
-           }
-         };
-         LineString.prototype.getCoordinate = function getCoordinate () {
-           if (this.isEmpty()) { return null }
-           return this._points.getCoordinate(0)
-         };
-         LineString.prototype.getBoundaryDimension = function getBoundaryDimension () {
-           if (this.isClosed()) {
-             return Dimension.FALSE
-           }
-           return 0
-         };
-         LineString.prototype.isClosed = function isClosed () {
-           if (this.isEmpty()) {
-             return false
-           }
-           return this.getCoordinateN(0).equals2D(this.getCoordinateN(this.getNumPoints() - 1))
-         };
-         LineString.prototype.getEndPoint = function getEndPoint () {
-           if (this.isEmpty()) {
-             return null
-           }
-           return this.getPointN(this.getNumPoints() - 1)
-         };
-         LineString.prototype.getDimension = function getDimension () {
-           return 1
-         };
-         LineString.prototype.getLength = function getLength () {
-           return CGAlgorithms.computeLength(this._points)
-         };
-         LineString.prototype.getNumPoints = function getNumPoints () {
-           return this._points.size()
-         };
-         LineString.prototype.reverse = function reverse () {
-           var seq = this._points.copy();
-           CoordinateSequences.reverse(seq);
-           var revLine = this.getFactory().createLineString(seq);
-           return revLine
-         };
-         LineString.prototype.compareToSameClass = function compareToSameClass () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+       function _upgradeTags(tags, loc) {
+         var newTags = Object.assign({}, tags); // shallow copy
 
-           if (arguments.length === 1) {
-             var o = arguments[0];
-             var line = o;
-             var i = 0;
-             var j = 0;
-             while (i < this._points.size() && j < line._points.size()) {
-               var comparison = this$1._points.getCoordinate(i).compareTo(line._points.getCoordinate(j));
-               if (comparison !== 0) {
-                 return comparison
+         var changed = false; // Before anything, perform trivial Wikipedia/Wikidata replacements
+
+         Object.keys(newTags).forEach(function (osmkey) {
+           var matchTag = osmkey.match(/^(\w+:)?wikidata$/);
+
+           if (matchTag) {
+             // Look at '*:wikidata' tags
+             var prefix = matchTag[1] || '';
+             var wd = newTags[osmkey];
+             var replace = _nsi.replacements[wd]; // If it matches a QID in the replacement list...
+
+             if (replace && replace.wikidata !== undefined) {
+               // replace or delete `*:wikidata` tag
+               changed = true;
+
+               if (replace.wikidata) {
+                 newTags[osmkey] = replace.wikidata;
+               } else {
+                 delete newTags[osmkey];
                }
-               i++;
-               j++;
-             }
-             if (i < this._points.size()) {
-               return 1
-             }
-             if (j < line._points.size()) {
-               return -1
              }
-             return 0
-           } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-             var o$1 = arguments[0];
-             var comp = arguments[1];
-             var line$1 = o$1;
-             return comp.compare(this._points, line$1._points)
-           }
-         };
-         LineString.prototype.apply = function apply () {
-           var this$1 = this;
 
-           if (hasInterface(arguments[0], CoordinateFilter)) {
-             var filter = arguments[0];
-             for (var i = 0; i < this._points.size(); i++) {
-               filter.filter(this$1._points.getCoordinate(i));
-             }
-           } else if (hasInterface(arguments[0], CoordinateSequenceFilter)) {
-             var filter$1 = arguments[0];
-             if (this._points.size() === 0) { return null }
-             for (var i$1 = 0; i$1 < this._points.size(); i$1++) {
-               filter$1.filter(this$1._points, i$1);
-               if (filter$1.isDone()) { break }
-             }
-             if (filter$1.isGeometryChanged()) { this.geometryChanged(); }
-           } else if (hasInterface(arguments[0], GeometryFilter)) {
-             var filter$2 = arguments[0];
-             filter$2.filter(this);
-           } else if (hasInterface(arguments[0], GeometryComponentFilter)) {
-             var filter$3 = arguments[0];
-             filter$3.filter(this);
-           }
-         };
-         LineString.prototype.getBoundary = function getBoundary () {
-           return new BoundaryOp(this).getBoundary()
-         };
-         LineString.prototype.isEquivalentClass = function isEquivalentClass (other) {
-           return other instanceof LineString
-         };
-         LineString.prototype.clone = function clone () {
-           var ls = Geometry$$1.prototype.clone.call(this);
-           ls._points = this._points.clone();
-           return ls
-         };
-         LineString.prototype.getCoordinateN = function getCoordinateN (n) {
-           return this._points.getCoordinate(n)
-         };
-         LineString.prototype.getGeometryType = function getGeometryType () {
-           return 'LineString'
-         };
-         LineString.prototype.copy = function copy () {
-           return new LineString(this._points.copy(), this._factory)
-         };
-         LineString.prototype.getCoordinateSequence = function getCoordinateSequence () {
-           return this._points
-         };
-         LineString.prototype.isEmpty = function isEmpty () {
-           return this._points.size() === 0
-         };
-         LineString.prototype.init = function init (points) {
-           if (points === null) {
-             points = this.getFactory().getCoordinateSequenceFactory().create([]);
-           }
-           if (points.size() === 1) {
-             throw new IllegalArgumentException('Invalid number of points in LineString (found ' + points.size() + ' - must be 0 or >= 2)')
-           }
-           this._points = points;
-         };
-         LineString.prototype.isCoordinate = function isCoordinate (pt) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+             if (replace && replace.wikipedia !== undefined) {
+               // replace or delete `*:wikipedia` tag
+               changed = true;
+               var wpkey = "".concat(prefix, "wikipedia");
 
-           for (var i = 0; i < this._points.size(); i++) {
-             if (this$1._points.getCoordinate(i).equals(pt)) {
-               return true
+               if (replace.wikipedia) {
+                 newTags[wpkey] = replace.wikipedia;
+               } else {
+                 delete newTags[wpkey];
+               }
              }
            }
-           return false
-         };
-         LineString.prototype.getStartPoint = function getStartPoint () {
-           if (this.isEmpty()) {
-             return null
-           }
-           return this.getPointN(0)
-         };
-         LineString.prototype.getPointN = function getPointN (n) {
-           return this.getFactory().createPoint(this._points.getCoordinate(n))
-         };
-         LineString.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-           return [Lineal]
-         };
-         LineString.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-           return LineString
-         };
-         staticAccessors.serialVersionUID.get = function () { return 3110669828065365560 };
+         }); // Gather key/value tag pairs to try to match
 
-         Object.defineProperties( LineString, staticAccessors );
+         var tryKVs = gatherKVs(tags);
+         if (!tryKVs.primary.size && !tryKVs.alternate.size) return changed ? newTags : null; // Gather namelike tag values to try to match
 
-         return LineString;
-       }(Geometry));
+         var tryNames = gatherNames(tags); // Do `wikidata=*` or `wikipedia=*` tags identify this entity as a chain? - See #6416
+         // If so, these tags can be swapped to e.g. `brand:wikidata`/`brand:wikipedia`.
 
-       var Puntal = function Puntal () {};
+         var foundQID = _nsi.qids.get(tags.wikidata) || _nsi.qids.get(tags.wikipedia);
 
-       Puntal.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       Puntal.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return Puntal
-       };
+         if (foundQID) tryNames.primary.add(foundQID); // matcher will recognize the Wikidata QID as name too
 
-       var Point$1 = (function (Geometry$$1) {
-         function Point (coordinates, factory) {
-           Geometry$$1.call(this, factory);
-           this._coordinates = coordinates || null;
-           this.init(this._coordinates);
-         }
+         if (!tryNames.primary.size && !tryNames.alternate.size) return changed ? newTags : null; // Order the [key,value,name] tuples - test primary before alternate
 
-         if ( Geometry$$1 ) Point.__proto__ = Geometry$$1;
-         Point.prototype = Object.create( Geometry$$1 && Geometry$$1.prototype );
-         Point.prototype.constructor = Point;
+         var tuples = gatherTuples(tryKVs, tryNames);
 
-         var staticAccessors = { serialVersionUID: { configurable: true } };
-         Point.prototype.computeEnvelopeInternal = function computeEnvelopeInternal () {
-           if (this.isEmpty()) {
-             return new Envelope()
-           }
-           var env = new Envelope();
-           env.expandToInclude(this._coordinates.getX(0), this._coordinates.getY(0));
-           return env
-         };
-         Point.prototype.getSortIndex = function getSortIndex () {
-           return Geometry$$1.SORTINDEX_POINT
-         };
-         Point.prototype.getCoordinates = function getCoordinates () {
-           return this.isEmpty() ? [] : [this.getCoordinate()]
-         };
-         Point.prototype.equalsExact = function equalsExact () {
-           if (arguments.length === 2) {
-             var other = arguments[0];
-             var tolerance = arguments[1];
-             if (!this.isEquivalentClass(other)) {
-               return false
-             }
-             if (this.isEmpty() && other.isEmpty()) {
-               return true
-             }
-             if (this.isEmpty() !== other.isEmpty()) {
-               return false
-             }
-             return this.equal(other.getCoordinate(), this.getCoordinate(), tolerance)
-           } else { return Geometry$$1.prototype.equalsExact.apply(this, arguments) }
-         };
-         Point.prototype.normalize = function normalize () {};
-         Point.prototype.getCoordinate = function getCoordinate () {
-           return this._coordinates.size() !== 0 ? this._coordinates.getCoordinate(0) : null
-         };
-         Point.prototype.getBoundaryDimension = function getBoundaryDimension () {
-           return Dimension.FALSE
-         };
-         Point.prototype.getDimension = function getDimension () {
-           return 0
-         };
-         Point.prototype.getNumPoints = function getNumPoints () {
-           return this.isEmpty() ? 0 : 1
-         };
-         Point.prototype.reverse = function reverse () {
-           return this.copy()
-         };
-         Point.prototype.getX = function getX () {
-           if (this.getCoordinate() === null) {
-             throw new Error('getX called on empty Point')
-           }
-           return this.getCoordinate().x
-         };
-         Point.prototype.compareToSameClass = function compareToSameClass () {
-           if (arguments.length === 1) {
-             var other = arguments[0];
-             var point$1 = other;
-             return this.getCoordinate().compareTo(point$1.getCoordinate())
-           } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-             var other$1 = arguments[0];
-             var comp = arguments[1];
-             var point = other$1;
-             return comp.compare(this._coordinates, point._coordinates)
-           }
-         };
-         Point.prototype.apply = function apply () {
-           if (hasInterface(arguments[0], CoordinateFilter)) {
-             var filter = arguments[0];
-             if (this.isEmpty()) {
-               return null
-             }
-             filter.filter(this.getCoordinate());
-           } else if (hasInterface(arguments[0], CoordinateSequenceFilter)) {
-             var filter$1 = arguments[0];
-             if (this.isEmpty()) { return null }
-             filter$1.filter(this._coordinates, 0);
-             if (filter$1.isGeometryChanged()) { this.geometryChanged(); }
-           } else if (hasInterface(arguments[0], GeometryFilter)) {
-             var filter$2 = arguments[0];
-             filter$2.filter(this);
-           } else if (hasInterface(arguments[0], GeometryComponentFilter)) {
-             var filter$3 = arguments[0];
-             filter$3.filter(this);
-           }
-         };
-         Point.prototype.getBoundary = function getBoundary () {
-           return this.getFactory().createGeometryCollection(null)
-         };
-         Point.prototype.clone = function clone () {
-           var p = Geometry$$1.prototype.clone.call(this);
-           p._coordinates = this._coordinates.clone();
-           return p
-         };
-         Point.prototype.getGeometryType = function getGeometryType () {
-           return 'Point'
-         };
-         Point.prototype.copy = function copy () {
-           return new Point(this._coordinates.copy(), this._factory)
-         };
-         Point.prototype.getCoordinateSequence = function getCoordinateSequence () {
-           return this._coordinates
-         };
-         Point.prototype.getY = function getY () {
-           if (this.getCoordinate() === null) {
-             throw new Error('getY called on empty Point')
-           }
-           return this.getCoordinate().y
-         };
-         Point.prototype.isEmpty = function isEmpty () {
-           return this._coordinates.size() === 0
-         };
-         Point.prototype.init = function init (coordinates) {
-           if (coordinates === null) {
-             coordinates = this.getFactory().getCoordinateSequenceFactory().create([]);
-           }
-           Assert.isTrue(coordinates.size() <= 1);
-           this._coordinates = coordinates;
-         };
-         Point.prototype.isSimple = function isSimple () {
-           return true
-         };
-         Point.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-           return [Puntal]
-         };
-         Point.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-           return Point
-         };
-         staticAccessors.serialVersionUID.get = function () { return 4902022702746614570 };
+         var _loop = function _loop(i) {
+           var tuple = tuples[i];
 
-         Object.defineProperties( Point, staticAccessors );
+           var hits = _nsi.matcher.match(tuple.k, tuple.v, tuple.n, loc); // Attempt to match an item in NSI
 
-         return Point;
-       }(Geometry));
 
-       var Polygonal = function Polygonal () {};
+           if (!hits || !hits.length) return "continue"; // no match, try next tuple
 
-       Polygonal.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       Polygonal.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return Polygonal
-       };
+           if (hits[0].match !== 'primary' && hits[0].match !== 'alternate') return "break"; // a generic match, stop looking
+           // A match may contain multiple results, the first one is likely the best one for this location
+           // e.g. `['pfk-a54c14', 'kfc-1ff19c', 'kfc-658eea']`
 
-       var Polygon = (function (Geometry$$1) {
-         function Polygon (shell, holes, factory) {
-           Geometry$$1.call(this, factory);
-           this._shell = null;
-           this._holes = null;
-           if (shell === null) {
-             shell = this.getFactory().createLinearRing();
-           }
-           if (holes === null) {
-             holes = [];
-           }
-           if (Geometry$$1.hasNullElements(holes)) {
-             throw new IllegalArgumentException('holes must not contain null elements')
-           }
-           if (shell.isEmpty() && Geometry$$1.hasNonEmptyElements(holes)) {
-             throw new IllegalArgumentException('shell is empty but holes are not')
-           }
-           this._shell = shell;
-           this._holes = holes;
-         }
+           var itemID = void 0,
+               item = void 0;
 
-         if ( Geometry$$1 ) Polygon.__proto__ = Geometry$$1;
-         Polygon.prototype = Object.create( Geometry$$1 && Geometry$$1.prototype );
-         Polygon.prototype.constructor = Polygon;
+           for (var j = 0; j < hits.length; j++) {
+             var hit = hits[j];
+             itemID = hit.itemID;
+             if (_nsi.dissolved[itemID]) continue; // Don't upgrade to a dissolved item
 
-         var staticAccessors = { serialVersionUID: { configurable: true } };
-         Polygon.prototype.computeEnvelopeInternal = function computeEnvelopeInternal () {
-           return this._shell.getEnvelopeInternal()
-         };
-         Polygon.prototype.getSortIndex = function getSortIndex () {
-           return Geometry$$1.SORTINDEX_POLYGON
-         };
-         Polygon.prototype.getCoordinates = function getCoordinates () {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-           if (this.isEmpty()) {
-             return []
-           }
-           var coordinates = new Array(this.getNumPoints()).fill(null);
-           var k = -1;
-           var shellCoordinates = this._shell.getCoordinates();
-           for (var x = 0; x < shellCoordinates.length; x++) {
-             k++;
-             coordinates[k] = shellCoordinates[x];
-           }
-           for (var i = 0; i < this._holes.length; i++) {
-             var childCoordinates = this$1._holes[i].getCoordinates();
-             for (var j = 0; j < childCoordinates.length; j++) {
-               k++;
-               coordinates[k] = childCoordinates[j];
-             }
-           }
-           return coordinates
-         };
-         Polygon.prototype.getArea = function getArea () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+             item = _nsi.ids.get(itemID);
+             if (!item) continue;
+             var mainTag = item.mainTag; // e.g. `brand:wikidata`
 
-           var area = 0.0;
-           area += Math.abs(CGAlgorithms.signedArea(this._shell.getCoordinateSequence()));
-           for (var i = 0; i < this._holes.length; i++) {
-             area -= Math.abs(CGAlgorithms.signedArea(this$1._holes[i].getCoordinateSequence()));
-           }
-           return area
-         };
-         Polygon.prototype.isRectangle = function isRectangle () {
-           if (this.getNumInteriorRing() !== 0) { return false }
-           if (this._shell === null) { return false }
-           if (this._shell.getNumPoints() !== 5) { return false }
-           var seq = this._shell.getCoordinateSequence();
-           var env = this.getEnvelopeInternal();
-           for (var i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
-             var x = seq.getX(i);
-             if (!(x === env.getMinX() || x === env.getMaxX())) { return false }
-             var y = seq.getY(i);
-             if (!(y === env.getMinY() || y === env.getMaxY())) { return false }
-           }
-           var prevX = seq.getX(0);
-           var prevY = seq.getY(0);
-           for (var i$1 = 1; i$1 <= 4; i$1++) {
-             var x$1 = seq.getX(i$1);
-             var y$1 = seq.getY(i$1);
-             var xChanged = x$1 !== prevX;
-             var yChanged = y$1 !== prevY;
-             if (xChanged === yChanged) { return false }
-             prevX = x$1;
-             prevY = y$1;
-           }
-           return true
-         };
-         Polygon.prototype.equalsExact = function equalsExact () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+             var itemQID = item.tags[mainTag]; // e.g. `brand:wikidata` qid
 
-           if (arguments.length === 2) {
-             var other = arguments[0];
-             var tolerance = arguments[1];
-             if (!this.isEquivalentClass(other)) {
-               return false
-             }
-             var otherPolygon = other;
-             var thisShell = this._shell;
-             var otherPolygonShell = otherPolygon._shell;
-             if (!thisShell.equalsExact(otherPolygonShell, tolerance)) {
-               return false
-             }
-             if (this._holes.length !== otherPolygon._holes.length) {
-               return false
-             }
-             for (var i = 0; i < this._holes.length; i++) {
-               if (!this$1._holes[i].equalsExact(otherPolygon._holes[i], tolerance)) {
-                 return false
+             var notQID = newTags["not:".concat(mainTag)]; // e.g. `not:brand:wikidata` qid
+
+             if ( // Exceptions, skip this hit
+             !itemQID || itemQID === notQID || // No `*:wikidata` or matched a `not:*:wikidata`
+             newTags.office && !item.tags.office // feature may be a corporate office for a brand? - #6416
+             ) {
+                 item = null;
+                 continue; // continue looking
+               } else {
+                 break; // use `item`
                }
-             }
-             return true
-           } else { return Geometry$$1.prototype.equalsExact.apply(this, arguments) }
-         };
-         Polygon.prototype.normalize = function normalize () {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-           if (arguments.length === 0) {
-             this.normalize(this._shell, true);
-             for (var i = 0; i < this._holes.length; i++) {
-               this$1.normalize(this$1._holes[i], false);
-             }
-             Arrays.sort(this._holes);
-           } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-             var ring = arguments[0];
-             var clockwise = arguments[1];
-             if (ring.isEmpty()) {
-               return null
-             }
-             var uniqueCoordinates = new Array(ring.getCoordinates().length - 1).fill(null);
-             System.arraycopy(ring.getCoordinates(), 0, uniqueCoordinates, 0, uniqueCoordinates.length);
-             var minCoordinate = CoordinateArrays.minCoordinate(ring.getCoordinates());
-             CoordinateArrays.scroll(uniqueCoordinates, minCoordinate);
-             System.arraycopy(uniqueCoordinates, 0, ring.getCoordinates(), 0, uniqueCoordinates.length);
-             ring.getCoordinates()[uniqueCoordinates.length] = uniqueCoordinates[0];
-             if (CGAlgorithms.isCCW(ring.getCoordinates()) === clockwise) {
-               CoordinateArrays.reverse(ring.getCoordinates());
-             }
-           }
-         };
-         Polygon.prototype.getCoordinate = function getCoordinate () {
-           return this._shell.getCoordinate()
-         };
-         Polygon.prototype.getNumInteriorRing = function getNumInteriorRing () {
-           return this._holes.length
-         };
-         Polygon.prototype.getBoundaryDimension = function getBoundaryDimension () {
-           return 1
-         };
-         Polygon.prototype.getDimension = function getDimension () {
-           return 2
-         };
-         Polygon.prototype.getLength = function getLength () {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-           var len = 0.0;
-           len += this._shell.getLength();
-           for (var i = 0; i < this._holes.length; i++) {
-             len += this$1._holes[i].getLength();
-           }
-           return len
-         };
-         Polygon.prototype.getNumPoints = function getNumPoints () {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-           var numPoints = this._shell.getNumPoints();
-           for (var i = 0; i < this._holes.length; i++) {
-             numPoints += this$1._holes[i].getNumPoints();
-           }
-           return numPoints
-         };
-         Polygon.prototype.reverse = function reverse () {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-           var poly = this.copy();
-           poly._shell = this._shell.copy().reverse();
-           poly._holes = new Array(this._holes.length).fill(null);
-           for (var i = 0; i < this._holes.length; i++) {
-             poly._holes[i] = this$1._holes[i].copy().reverse();
-           }
-           return poly
-         };
-         Polygon.prototype.convexHull = function convexHull () {
-           return this.getExteriorRing().convexHull()
-         };
-         Polygon.prototype.compareToSameClass = function compareToSameClass () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+           } // Can't use any of these hits, try next tuple..
 
-           if (arguments.length === 1) {
-             var o = arguments[0];
-             var thisShell = this._shell;
-             var otherShell = o._shell;
-             return thisShell.compareToSameClass(otherShell)
-           } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-             var o$1 = arguments[0];
-             var comp = arguments[1];
-             var poly = o$1;
-             var thisShell$1 = this._shell;
-             var otherShell$1 = poly._shell;
-             var shellComp = thisShell$1.compareToSameClass(otherShell$1, comp);
-             if (shellComp !== 0) { return shellComp }
-             var nHole1 = this.getNumInteriorRing();
-             var nHole2 = poly.getNumInteriorRing();
-             var i = 0;
-             while (i < nHole1 && i < nHole2) {
-               var thisHole = this$1.getInteriorRingN(i);
-               var otherHole = poly.getInteriorRingN(i);
-               var holeComp = thisHole.compareToSameClass(otherHole, comp);
-               if (holeComp !== 0) { return holeComp }
-               i++;
-             }
-             if (i < nHole1) { return 1 }
-             if (i < nHole2) { return -1 }
-             return 0
-           }
-         };
-         Polygon.prototype.apply = function apply (filter) {
-           var this$1 = this;
 
-           if (hasInterface(filter, CoordinateFilter)) {
-             this._shell.apply(filter);
-             for (var i$1 = 0; i$1 < this._holes.length; i$1++) {
-               this$1._holes[i$1].apply(filter);
-             }
-           } else if (hasInterface(filter, CoordinateSequenceFilter)) {
-             this._shell.apply(filter);
-             if (!filter.isDone()) {
-               for (var i$2 = 0; i$2 < this._holes.length; i$2++) {
-                 this$1._holes[i$2].apply(filter);
-                 if (filter.isDone()) { break }
-               }
-             }
-             if (filter.isGeometryChanged()) { this.geometryChanged(); }
-           } else if (hasInterface(filter, GeometryFilter)) {
-             filter.filter(this);
-           } else if (hasInterface(filter, GeometryComponentFilter)) {
-             filter.filter(this);
-             this._shell.apply(filter);
-             for (var i = 0; i < this._holes.length; i++) {
-               this$1._holes[i].apply(filter);
+           if (!item) return "continue"; // At this point we have matched a canonical item and can suggest tag upgrades..
+
+           var tkv = item.tkv;
+           var parts = tkv.split('/', 3); // tkv = "tree/key/value"
+
+           var k = parts[1];
+           var v = parts[2];
+           var category = _nsi.data[tkv];
+           var properties = category.properties || {}; // Preserve some tags that we specifically don't want NSI to overwrite. ('^name', sometimes)
+
+           var preserveTags = item.preserveTags || properties.preserveTags || [];
+           var regexes = preserveTags.map(function (s) {
+             return new RegExp(s, 'i');
+           });
+           regexes.push(/^building$/i, /^takeaway$/i);
+           var keepTags = {};
+           Object.keys(newTags).forEach(function (osmkey) {
+             if (regexes.some(function (regex) {
+               return regex.test(osmkey);
+             })) {
+               keepTags[osmkey] = newTags[osmkey];
              }
-           }
-         };
-         Polygon.prototype.getBoundary = function getBoundary () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+           }); // Remove any primary tags ("amenity", "craft", "shop", "man_made", "route", etc)
+           // with a value like `amenity=yes` or `shop=yes`
 
-           if (this.isEmpty()) {
-             return this.getFactory().createMultiLineString()
-           }
-           var rings = new Array(this._holes.length + 1).fill(null);
-           rings[0] = this._shell;
-           for (var i = 0; i < this._holes.length; i++) {
-             rings[i + 1] = this$1._holes[i];
-           }
-           if (rings.length <= 1) { return this.getFactory().createLinearRing(rings[0].getCoordinateSequence()) }
-           return this.getFactory().createMultiLineString(rings)
-         };
-         Polygon.prototype.clone = function clone () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+           _nsi.kvt.forEach(function (vmap, k) {
+             if (newTags[k] === 'yes') delete newTags[k];
+           }); // Replace mistagged `wikidata`/`wikipedia` with e.g. `brand:wikidata`/`brand:wikipedia`
 
-           var poly = Geometry$$1.prototype.clone.call(this);
-           poly._shell = this._shell.clone();
-           poly._holes = new Array(this._holes.length).fill(null);
-           for (var i = 0; i < this._holes.length; i++) {
-             poly._holes[i] = this$1._holes[i].clone();
-           }
-           return poly
-         };
-         Polygon.prototype.getGeometryType = function getGeometryType () {
-           return 'Polygon'
-         };
-         Polygon.prototype.copy = function copy () {
-           var this$1 = this;
 
-           var shell = this._shell.copy();
-           var holes = new Array(this._holes.length).fill(null);
-           for (var i = 0; i < holes.length; i++) {
-             holes[i] = this$1._holes[i].copy();
-           }
-           return new Polygon(shell, holes, this._factory)
-         };
-         Polygon.prototype.getExteriorRing = function getExteriorRing () {
-           return this._shell
-         };
-         Polygon.prototype.isEmpty = function isEmpty () {
-           return this._shell.isEmpty()
-         };
-         Polygon.prototype.getInteriorRingN = function getInteriorRingN (n) {
-           return this._holes[n]
-         };
-         Polygon.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-           return [Polygonal]
-         };
-         Polygon.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-           return Polygon
-         };
-         staticAccessors.serialVersionUID.get = function () { return -3494792200821764533 };
+           if (foundQID) {
+             delete newTags.wikipedia;
+             delete newTags.wikidata;
+           } // Do the tag upgrade
 
-         Object.defineProperties( Polygon, staticAccessors );
 
-         return Polygon;
-       }(Geometry));
+           Object.assign(newTags, item.tags, keepTags); // Special `branch` splitting rules - IF..
+           // - NSI is suggesting to replace `name`, AND
+           // - `branch` doesn't already contain something, AND
+           // - original name has not moved to an alternate name (e.g. "Dunkin' Donuts" -> "Dunkin'"), AND
+           // - original name is "some name" + "some stuff", THEN
+           // consider splitting `name` into `name`/`branch`..
 
-       var MultiPoint = (function (GeometryCollection$$1) {
-         function MultiPoint () {
-           GeometryCollection$$1.apply(this, arguments);
-         }
+           var origName = tags.name;
+           var newName = newTags.name;
 
-         if ( GeometryCollection$$1 ) MultiPoint.__proto__ = GeometryCollection$$1;
-         MultiPoint.prototype = Object.create( GeometryCollection$$1 && GeometryCollection$$1.prototype );
-         MultiPoint.prototype.constructor = MultiPoint;
+           if (newName && origName && newName !== origName && !newTags.branch) {
+             var newNames = gatherNames(newTags);
+             var newSet = new Set([].concat(_toConsumableArray(newNames.primary), _toConsumableArray(newNames.alternate)));
+             var isMoved = newSet.has(origName); // another tag holds the original name now
 
-         var staticAccessors = { serialVersionUID: { configurable: true } };
+             if (!isMoved) {
+               // Test name fragments, longest to shortest, to fit them into a "Name Branch" pattern.
+               // e.g. "TUI ReiseCenter - Neuss Innenstadt" -> ["TUI", "ReiseCenter", "Neuss", "Innenstadt"]
+               var nameParts = origName.split(/[\s\-\/,.]/);
 
-         MultiPoint.prototype.getSortIndex = function getSortIndex () {
-           return Geometry.SORTINDEX_MULTIPOINT
-         };
-         MultiPoint.prototype.isValid = function isValid () {
-           return true
-         };
-         MultiPoint.prototype.equalsExact = function equalsExact () {
-           if (arguments.length === 2) {
-             var other = arguments[0];
-             var tolerance = arguments[1];
-             if (!this.isEquivalentClass(other)) {
-               return false
-             }
-             return GeometryCollection$$1.prototype.equalsExact.call(this, other, tolerance)
-           } else { return GeometryCollection$$1.prototype.equalsExact.apply(this, arguments) }
-         };
-         MultiPoint.prototype.getCoordinate = function getCoordinate () {
-           if (arguments.length === 1) {
-             var n = arguments[0];
-             return this._geometries[n].getCoordinate()
-           } else { return GeometryCollection$$1.prototype.getCoordinate.apply(this, arguments) }
-         };
-         MultiPoint.prototype.getBoundaryDimension = function getBoundaryDimension () {
-           return Dimension.FALSE
-         };
-         MultiPoint.prototype.getDimension = function getDimension () {
-           return 0
-         };
-         MultiPoint.prototype.getBoundary = function getBoundary () {
-           return this.getFactory().createGeometryCollection(null)
-         };
-         MultiPoint.prototype.getGeometryType = function getGeometryType () {
-           return 'MultiPoint'
-         };
-         MultiPoint.prototype.copy = function copy () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+               for (var split = nameParts.length; split > 0; split--) {
+                 var name = nameParts.slice(0, split).join(' '); // e.g. "TUI ReiseCenter"
 
-           var points = new Array(this._geometries.length).fill(null);
-           for (var i = 0; i < points.length; i++) {
-             points[i] = this$1._geometries[i].copy();
-           }
-           return new MultiPoint(points, this._factory)
-         };
-         MultiPoint.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-           return [Puntal]
-         };
-         MultiPoint.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-           return MultiPoint
-         };
-         staticAccessors.serialVersionUID.get = function () { return -8048474874175355449 };
+                 var branch = nameParts.slice(split).join(' '); // e.g. "Neuss Innenstadt"
 
-         Object.defineProperties( MultiPoint, staticAccessors );
+                 var nameHits = _nsi.matcher.match(k, v, name, loc);
 
-         return MultiPoint;
-       }(GeometryCollection));
+                 if (!nameHits || !nameHits.length) continue; // no match, try next name fragment
 
-       var LinearRing = (function (LineString$$1) {
-         function LinearRing (points, factory) {
-           if (points instanceof Coordinate && factory instanceof GeometryFactory) {
-             points = factory.getCoordinateSequenceFactory().create(points);
-           }
-           LineString$$1.call(this, points, factory);
-           this.validateConstruction();
-         }
+                 if (nameHits.some(function (hit) {
+                   return hit.itemID === itemID;
+                 })) {
+                   // matched the name fragment to the same itemID above
+                   if (branch) {
+                     if (notBranches.test(branch)) {
+                       // "branch" was detected but is noise ("factory outlet", etc)
+                       newTags.name = origName; // Leave `name` alone, this part of the name may be significant..
+                     } else {
+                       var branchHits = _nsi.matcher.match(k, v, branch, loc);
 
-         if ( LineString$$1 ) LinearRing.__proto__ = LineString$$1;
-         LinearRing.prototype = Object.create( LineString$$1 && LineString$$1.prototype );
-         LinearRing.prototype.constructor = LinearRing;
+                       if (branchHits && branchHits.length) {
+                         // if "branch" matched something else in NSI..
+                         if (branchHits[0].match === 'primary' || branchHits[0].match === 'alternate') {
+                           // if another brand! (e.g. "KFC - Taco Bell"?)
+                           return {
+                             v: null
+                           }; //   bail out - can't suggest tags in this case
+                         } // else a generic (e.g. "gas", "cafe") - ignore
 
-         var staticAccessors = { MINIMUM_VALID_SIZE: { configurable: true },serialVersionUID: { configurable: true } };
-         LinearRing.prototype.getSortIndex = function getSortIndex () {
-           return Geometry.SORTINDEX_LINEARRING
-         };
-         LinearRing.prototype.getBoundaryDimension = function getBoundaryDimension () {
-           return Dimension.FALSE
-         };
-         LinearRing.prototype.isClosed = function isClosed () {
-           if (this.isEmpty()) {
-             return true
-           }
-           return LineString$$1.prototype.isClosed.call(this)
-         };
-         LinearRing.prototype.reverse = function reverse () {
-           var seq = this._points.copy();
-           CoordinateSequences.reverse(seq);
-           var rev = this.getFactory().createLinearRing(seq);
-           return rev
-         };
-         LinearRing.prototype.validateConstruction = function validateConstruction () {
-           if (!this.isEmpty() && !LineString$$1.prototype.isClosed.call(this)) {
-             throw new IllegalArgumentException('Points of LinearRing do not form a closed linestring')
-           }
-           if (this.getCoordinateSequence().size() >= 1 && this.getCoordinateSequence().size() < LinearRing.MINIMUM_VALID_SIZE) {
-             throw new IllegalArgumentException('Invalid number of points in LinearRing (found ' + this.getCoordinateSequence().size() + ' - must be 0 or >= 4)')
+                       } else {
+                         // "branch" is not noise and not something in NSI
+                         newTags.branch = branch; // Stick it in the `branch` tag..
+                       }
+                     }
+                   }
+
+                   break;
+                 }
+               }
+             }
            }
-         };
-         LinearRing.prototype.getGeometryType = function getGeometryType () {
-           return 'LinearRing'
-         };
-         LinearRing.prototype.copy = function copy () {
-           return new LinearRing(this._points.copy(), this._factory)
-         };
-         LinearRing.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-           return []
-         };
-         LinearRing.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-           return LinearRing
-         };
-         staticAccessors.MINIMUM_VALID_SIZE.get = function () { return 4 };
-         staticAccessors.serialVersionUID.get = function () { return -4261142084085851829 };
 
-         Object.defineProperties( LinearRing, staticAccessors );
+           return {
+             v: newTags
+           };
+         };
 
-         return LinearRing;
-       }(LineString));
+         for (var i = 0; i < tuples.length; i++) {
+           var _ret = _loop(i);
 
-       var MultiPolygon = (function (GeometryCollection$$1) {
-         function MultiPolygon () {
-           GeometryCollection$$1.apply(this, arguments);
+           if (_ret === "continue") continue;
+           if (_ret === "break") break;
+           if (_typeof(_ret) === "object") return _ret.v;
          }
 
-         if ( GeometryCollection$$1 ) MultiPolygon.__proto__ = GeometryCollection$$1;
-         MultiPolygon.prototype = Object.create( GeometryCollection$$1 && GeometryCollection$$1.prototype );
-         MultiPolygon.prototype.constructor = MultiPolygon;
+         return changed ? newTags : null;
+       } // `_isGenericName()`
+       // Is the `name` tag generic?
+       //
+       // Arguments
+       //   `tags`: `Object` containing the feature's OSM tags
+       // Returns
+       //   `true` if it is generic, `false` if not
+       //
 
-         var staticAccessors = { serialVersionUID: { configurable: true } };
 
-         MultiPolygon.prototype.getSortIndex = function getSortIndex () {
-           return Geometry.SORTINDEX_MULTIPOLYGON
-         };
-         MultiPolygon.prototype.equalsExact = function equalsExact () {
-           if (arguments.length === 2) {
-             var other = arguments[0];
-             var tolerance = arguments[1];
-             if (!this.isEquivalentClass(other)) {
-               return false
-             }
-             return GeometryCollection$$1.prototype.equalsExact.call(this, other, tolerance)
-           } else { return GeometryCollection$$1.prototype.equalsExact.apply(this, arguments) }
-         };
-         MultiPolygon.prototype.getBoundaryDimension = function getBoundaryDimension () {
-           return 1
-         };
-         MultiPolygon.prototype.getDimension = function getDimension () {
-           return 2
-         };
-         MultiPolygon.prototype.reverse = function reverse () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+       function _isGenericName(tags) {
+         var n = tags.name;
+         if (!n) return false; // tryNames just contains the `name` tag value and nothing else
 
-           var n = this._geometries.length;
-           var revGeoms = new Array(n).fill(null);
-           for (var i = 0; i < this._geometries.length; i++) {
-             revGeoms[i] = this$1._geometries[i].reverse();
-           }
-           return this.getFactory().createMultiPolygon(revGeoms)
-         };
-         MultiPolygon.prototype.getBoundary = function getBoundary () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+         var tryNames = {
+           primary: new Set([n]),
+           alternate: new Set()
+         }; // Gather key/value tag pairs to try to match
 
-           if (this.isEmpty()) {
-             return this.getFactory().createMultiLineString()
-           }
-           var allRings = new ArrayList();
-           for (var i = 0; i < this._geometries.length; i++) {
-             var polygon = this$1._geometries[i];
-             var rings = polygon.getBoundary();
-             for (var j = 0; j < rings.getNumGeometries(); j++) {
-               allRings.add(rings.getGeometryN(j));
-             }
-           }
-           var allRingsArray = new Array(allRings.size()).fill(null);
-           return this.getFactory().createMultiLineString(allRings.toArray(allRingsArray))
-         };
-         MultiPolygon.prototype.getGeometryType = function getGeometryType () {
-           return 'MultiPolygon'
-         };
-         MultiPolygon.prototype.copy = function copy () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+         var tryKVs = gatherKVs(tags);
+         if (!tryKVs.primary.size && !tryKVs.alternate.size) return false; // Order the [key,value,name] tuples - test primary before alternate
 
-           var polygons = new Array(this._geometries.length).fill(null);
-           for (var i = 0; i < polygons.length; i++) {
-             polygons[i] = this$1._geometries[i].copy();
-           }
-           return new MultiPolygon(polygons, this._factory)
-         };
-         MultiPolygon.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-           return [Polygonal]
-         };
-         MultiPolygon.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-           return MultiPolygon
-         };
-         staticAccessors.serialVersionUID.get = function () { return -551033529766975875 };
+         var tuples = gatherTuples(tryKVs, tryNames);
 
-         Object.defineProperties( MultiPolygon, staticAccessors );
+         for (var i = 0; i < tuples.length; i++) {
+           var tuple = tuples[i];
 
-         return MultiPolygon;
-       }(GeometryCollection));
+           var hits = _nsi.matcher.match(tuple.k, tuple.v, tuple.n); // Attempt to match an item in NSI
+           // If we get a `excludeGeneric` hit, this is a generic name.
 
-       var GeometryEditor = function GeometryEditor (factory) {
-         this._factory = factory || null;
-         this._isUserDataCopied = false;
-       };
 
-       var staticAccessors$16 = { NoOpGeometryOperation: { configurable: true },CoordinateOperation: { configurable: true },CoordinateSequenceOperation: { configurable: true } };
-       GeometryEditor.prototype.setCopyUserData = function setCopyUserData (isUserDataCopied) {
-         this._isUserDataCopied = isUserDataCopied;
-       };
-       GeometryEditor.prototype.edit = function edit (geometry, operation) {
-         if (geometry === null) { return null }
-         var result = this.editInternal(geometry, operation);
-         if (this._isUserDataCopied) {
-           result.setUserData(geometry.getUserData());
-         }
-         return result
-       };
-       GeometryEditor.prototype.editInternal = function editInternal (geometry, operation) {
-         if (this._factory === null) { this._factory = geometry.getFactory(); }
-         if (geometry instanceof GeometryCollection) {
-           return this.editGeometryCollection(geometry, operation)
-         }
-         if (geometry instanceof Polygon) {
-           return this.editPolygon(geometry, operation)
-         }
-         if (geometry instanceof Point$1) {
-           return operation.edit(geometry, this._factory)
-         }
-         if (geometry instanceof LineString) {
-           return operation.edit(geometry, this._factory)
+           if (hits && hits.length && hits[0].match === 'excludeGeneric') return true;
          }
-         Assert.shouldNeverReachHere('Unsupported Geometry class: ' + geometry.getClass().getName());
-         return null
-       };
-       GeometryEditor.prototype.editGeometryCollection = function editGeometryCollection (collection, operation) {
-           var this$1 = this;
 
-         var collectionForType = operation.edit(collection, this._factory);
-         var geometries = new ArrayList();
-         for (var i = 0; i < collectionForType.getNumGeometries(); i++) {
-           var geometry = this$1.edit(collectionForType.getGeometryN(i), operation);
-           if (geometry === null || geometry.isEmpty()) {
-             continue
-           }
-           geometries.add(geometry);
-         }
-         if (collectionForType.getClass() === MultiPoint) {
-           return this._factory.createMultiPoint(geometries.toArray([]))
-         }
-         if (collectionForType.getClass() === MultiLineString) {
-           return this._factory.createMultiLineString(geometries.toArray([]))
-         }
-         if (collectionForType.getClass() === MultiPolygon) {
-           return this._factory.createMultiPolygon(geometries.toArray([]))
-         }
-         return this._factory.createGeometryCollection(geometries.toArray([]))
-       };
-       GeometryEditor.prototype.editPolygon = function editPolygon (polygon, operation) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+         return false;
+       } // PUBLIC INTERFACE
 
-         var newPolygon = operation.edit(polygon, this._factory);
-         if (newPolygon === null) { newPolygon = this._factory.createPolygon(null); }
-         if (newPolygon.isEmpty()) {
-           return newPolygon
-         }
-         var shell = this.edit(newPolygon.getExteriorRing(), operation);
-         if (shell === null || shell.isEmpty()) {
-           return this._factory.createPolygon()
-         }
-         var holes = new ArrayList();
-         for (var i = 0; i < newPolygon.getNumInteriorRing(); i++) {
-           var hole = this$1.edit(newPolygon.getInteriorRingN(i), operation);
-           if (hole === null || hole.isEmpty()) {
-             continue
+
+       var serviceNsi = {
+         // `init()`
+         // On init, start preparing the name-suggestion-index
+         //
+         init: function init() {
+           // Note: service.init is called immediately after the presetManager has started loading its data.
+           // We expect to chain onto an unfulfilled promise here.
+           setNsiSources();
+           _mainPresetIndex.ensureLoaded().then(function () {
+             return loadNsiPresets();
+           }).then(function () {
+             return delay(100);
+           }) // wait briefly for locationSets to enter the locationManager queue
+           .then(function () {
+             return _mainLocations.mergeLocationSets([]);
+           }) // wait for locationSets to resolve
+           .then(function () {
+             return loadNsiData();
+           }).then(function () {
+             return _nsiStatus = 'ok';
+           })["catch"](function () {
+             return _nsiStatus = 'failed';
+           });
+
+           function delay(msec) {
+             return new Promise(function (resolve) {
+               window.setTimeout(resolve, msec);
+             });
            }
-           holes.add(hole);
+         },
+         // `reset()`
+         // Reset is called when user saves data to OSM (does nothing here)
+         //
+         reset: function reset() {},
+         // `status()`
+         // To let other code know how it's going...
+         //
+         // Returns
+         //   `String`: 'loading', 'ok', 'failed'
+         //
+         status: function status() {
+           return _nsiStatus;
+         },
+         // `isGenericName()`
+         // Is the `name` tag generic?
+         //
+         // Arguments
+         //   `tags`: `Object` containing the feature's OSM tags
+         // Returns
+         //   `true` if it is generic, `false` if not
+         //
+         isGenericName: function isGenericName(tags) {
+           return _isGenericName(tags);
+         },
+         // `upgradeTags()`
+         // Suggest tag upgrades.
+         // This function will not modify the input tags, it makes a copy.
+         //
+         // Arguments
+         //   `tags`: `Object` containing the feature's OSM tags
+         //   `loc`: Location where this feature exists, as a [lon, lat]
+         // Returns
+         //   `Object`: The tags the the feature should have, or `null` if no change
+         //
+         upgradeTags: function upgradeTags(tags, loc) {
+           return _upgradeTags(tags, loc);
+         },
+         // `cache()`
+         // Direct access to the NSI cache, useful for testing or breaking things
+         //
+         // Returns
+         //   `Object`: the internal NSI cache
+         //
+         cache: function cache() {
+           return _nsi;
          }
-         return this._factory.createPolygon(shell, holes.toArray([]))
        };
-       GeometryEditor.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       GeometryEditor.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return GeometryEditor
-       };
-       GeometryEditor.GeometryEditorOperation = function GeometryEditorOperation () {};
-       staticAccessors$16.NoOpGeometryOperation.get = function () { return NoOpGeometryOperation };
-       staticAccessors$16.CoordinateOperation.get = function () { return CoordinateOperation };
-       staticAccessors$16.CoordinateSequenceOperation.get = function () { return CoordinateSequenceOperation };
 
-       Object.defineProperties( GeometryEditor, staticAccessors$16 );
+       var apibase$1 = 'https://openstreetcam.org';
+       var maxResults$1 = 1000;
+       var tileZoom$1 = 14;
+       var tiler$3 = utilTiler().zoomExtent([tileZoom$1, tileZoom$1]).skipNullIsland(true);
+       var dispatch$3 = dispatch$8('loadedImages');
+       var imgZoom = d3_zoom().extent([[0, 0], [320, 240]]).translateExtent([[0, 0], [320, 240]]).scaleExtent([1, 15]);
 
-       var NoOpGeometryOperation = function NoOpGeometryOperation () {};
+       var _oscCache;
 
-       NoOpGeometryOperation.prototype.edit = function edit (geometry, factory) {
-         return geometry
-       };
-       NoOpGeometryOperation.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [GeometryEditor.GeometryEditorOperation]
-       };
-       NoOpGeometryOperation.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return NoOpGeometryOperation
-       };
+       var _oscSelectedImage;
 
-       var CoordinateOperation = function CoordinateOperation () {};
+       var _loadViewerPromise$1;
 
-       CoordinateOperation.prototype.edit = function edit (geometry, factory) {
-         var coords = this.editCoordinates(geometry.getCoordinates(), geometry);
-         if (coords === null) { return geometry }
-         if (geometry instanceof LinearRing) {
-           return factory.createLinearRing(coords)
-         }
-         if (geometry instanceof LineString) {
-           return factory.createLineString(coords)
-         }
-         if (geometry instanceof Point$1) {
-           if (coords.length > 0) {
-             return factory.createPoint(coords[0])
-           } else {
-             return factory.createPoint()
-           }
-         }
-         return geometry
-       };
-       CoordinateOperation.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [GeometryEditor.GeometryEditorOperation]
-       };
-       CoordinateOperation.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return CoordinateOperation
-       };
+       function abortRequest$3(controller) {
+         controller.abort();
+       }
 
-       var CoordinateSequenceOperation = function CoordinateSequenceOperation () {};
+       function maxPageAtZoom(z) {
+         if (z < 15) return 2;
+         if (z === 15) return 5;
+         if (z === 16) return 10;
+         if (z === 17) return 20;
+         if (z === 18) return 40;
+         if (z > 18) return 80;
+       }
 
-       CoordinateSequenceOperation.prototype.edit = function edit (geometry, factory) {
-         if (geometry instanceof LinearRing) {
-           return factory.createLinearRing(this.edit(geometry.getCoordinateSequence(), geometry))
-         }
-         if (geometry instanceof LineString) {
-           return factory.createLineString(this.edit(geometry.getCoordinateSequence(), geometry))
-         }
-         if (geometry instanceof Point$1) {
-           return factory.createPoint(this.edit(geometry.getCoordinateSequence(), geometry))
-         }
-         return geometry
-       };
-       CoordinateSequenceOperation.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [GeometryEditor.GeometryEditorOperation]
-       };
-       CoordinateSequenceOperation.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return CoordinateSequenceOperation
-       };
+       function loadTiles$1(which, url, projection) {
+         var currZoom = Math.floor(geoScaleToZoom(projection.scale()));
+         var tiles = tiler$3.getTiles(projection); // abort inflight requests that are no longer needed
 
-       var CoordinateArraySequence = function CoordinateArraySequence () {
-         var this$1 = this;
+         var cache = _oscCache[which];
+         Object.keys(cache.inflight).forEach(function (k) {
+           var wanted = tiles.find(function (tile) {
+             return k.indexOf(tile.id + ',') === 0;
+           });
 
-         this._dimension = 3;
-         this._coordinates = null;
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           if (arguments[0] instanceof Array) {
-             this._coordinates = arguments[0];
-             this._dimension = 3;
-           } else if (Number.isInteger(arguments[0])) {
-             var size = arguments[0];
-             this._coordinates = new Array(size).fill(null);
-             for (var i = 0; i < size; i++) {
-               this$1._coordinates[i] = new Coordinate();
-             }
-           } else if (hasInterface(arguments[0], CoordinateSequence)) {
-             var coordSeq = arguments[0];
-             if (coordSeq === null) {
-               this._coordinates = new Array(0).fill(null);
-               return null
-             }
-             this._dimension = coordSeq.getDimension();
-             this._coordinates = new Array(coordSeq.size()).fill(null);
-             for (var i$1 = 0; i$1 < this._coordinates.length; i$1++) {
-               this$1._coordinates[i$1] = coordSeq.getCoordinateCopy(i$1);
-             }
-           }
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           if (arguments[0] instanceof Array && Number.isInteger(arguments[1])) {
-             var coordinates = arguments[0];
-             var dimension = arguments[1];
-             this._coordinates = coordinates;
-             this._dimension = dimension;
-             if (coordinates === null) { this._coordinates = new Array(0).fill(null); }
-           } else if (Number.isInteger(arguments[0]) && Number.isInteger(arguments[1])) {
-             var size$1 = arguments[0];
-             var dimension$1 = arguments[1];
-             this._coordinates = new Array(size$1).fill(null);
-             this._dimension = dimension$1;
-             for (var i$2 = 0; i$2 < size$1; i$2++) {
-               this$1._coordinates[i$2] = new Coordinate();
-             }
+           if (!wanted) {
+             abortRequest$3(cache.inflight[k]);
+             delete cache.inflight[k];
            }
-         }
-       };
+         });
+         tiles.forEach(function (tile) {
+           loadNextTilePage$1(which, currZoom, url, tile);
+         });
+       }
 
-       var staticAccessors$18 = { serialVersionUID: { configurable: true } };
-       CoordinateArraySequence.prototype.setOrdinate = function setOrdinate (index, ordinateIndex, value) {
-         switch (ordinateIndex) {
-           case CoordinateSequence.X:
-             this._coordinates[index].x = value;
-             break
-           case CoordinateSequence.Y:
-             this._coordinates[index].y = value;
-             break
-           case CoordinateSequence.Z:
-             this._coordinates[index].z = value;
-             break
-           default:
-             throw new IllegalArgumentException('invalid ordinateIndex')
-         }
-       };
-       CoordinateArraySequence.prototype.size = function size () {
-         return this._coordinates.length
-       };
-       CoordinateArraySequence.prototype.getOrdinate = function getOrdinate (index, ordinateIndex) {
-         switch (ordinateIndex) {
-           case CoordinateSequence.X:
-             return this._coordinates[index].x
-           case CoordinateSequence.Y:
-             return this._coordinates[index].y
-           case CoordinateSequence.Z:
-             return this._coordinates[index].z
-         }
-         return Double.NaN
-       };
-       CoordinateArraySequence.prototype.getCoordinate = function getCoordinate () {
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var i = arguments[0];
-           return this._coordinates[i]
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var index = arguments[0];
-           var coord = arguments[1];
-           coord.x = this._coordinates[index].x;
-           coord.y = this._coordinates[index].y;
-           coord.z = this._coordinates[index].z;
-         }
-       };
-       CoordinateArraySequence.prototype.getCoordinateCopy = function getCoordinateCopy (i) {
-         return new Coordinate(this._coordinates[i])
-       };
-       CoordinateArraySequence.prototype.getDimension = function getDimension () {
-         return this._dimension
-       };
-       CoordinateArraySequence.prototype.getX = function getX (index) {
-         return this._coordinates[index].x
-       };
-       CoordinateArraySequence.prototype.clone = function clone () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+       function loadNextTilePage$1(which, currZoom, url, tile) {
+         var cache = _oscCache[which];
+         var bbox = tile.extent.bbox();
+         var maxPages = maxPageAtZoom(currZoom);
+         var nextPage = cache.nextPage[tile.id] || 1;
+         var params = utilQsString({
+           ipp: maxResults$1,
+           page: nextPage,
+           // client_id: clientId,
+           bbTopLeft: [bbox.maxY, bbox.minX].join(','),
+           bbBottomRight: [bbox.minY, bbox.maxX].join(',')
+         }, true);
+         if (nextPage > maxPages) return;
+         var id = tile.id + ',' + String(nextPage);
+         if (cache.loaded[id] || cache.inflight[id]) return;
+         var controller = new AbortController();
+         cache.inflight[id] = controller;
+         var options = {
+           method: 'POST',
+           signal: controller.signal,
+           body: params,
+           headers: {
+             'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
+           }
+         };
+         d3_json(url, options).then(function (data) {
+           cache.loaded[id] = true;
+           delete cache.inflight[id];
 
-         var cloneCoordinates = new Array(this.size()).fill(null);
-         for (var i = 0; i < this._coordinates.length; i++) {
-           cloneCoordinates[i] = this$1._coordinates[i].clone();
-         }
-         return new CoordinateArraySequence(cloneCoordinates, this._dimension)
-       };
-       CoordinateArraySequence.prototype.expandEnvelope = function expandEnvelope (env) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+           if (!data || !data.currentPageItems || !data.currentPageItems.length) {
+             throw new Error('No Data');
+           }
 
-         for (var i = 0; i < this._coordinates.length; i++) {
-           env.expandToInclude(this$1._coordinates[i]);
-         }
-         return env
-       };
-       CoordinateArraySequence.prototype.copy = function copy () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+           var features = data.currentPageItems.map(function (item) {
+             var loc = [+item.lng, +item.lat];
+             var d;
 
-         var cloneCoordinates = new Array(this.size()).fill(null);
-         for (var i = 0; i < this._coordinates.length; i++) {
-           cloneCoordinates[i] = this$1._coordinates[i].copy();
-         }
-         return new CoordinateArraySequence(cloneCoordinates, this._dimension)
-       };
-       CoordinateArraySequence.prototype.toString = function toString () {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-         if (this._coordinates.length > 0) {
-           var strBuf = new StringBuffer(17 * this._coordinates.length);
-           strBuf.append('(');
-           strBuf.append(this._coordinates[0]);
-           for (var i = 1; i < this._coordinates.length; i++) {
-             strBuf.append(', ');
-             strBuf.append(this$1._coordinates[i]);
-           }
-           strBuf.append(')');
-           return strBuf.toString()
-         } else {
-           return '()'
-         }
-       };
-       CoordinateArraySequence.prototype.getY = function getY (index) {
-         return this._coordinates[index].y
-       };
-       CoordinateArraySequence.prototype.toCoordinateArray = function toCoordinateArray () {
-         return this._coordinates
-       };
-       CoordinateArraySequence.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [CoordinateSequence, Serializable]
-       };
-       CoordinateArraySequence.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return CoordinateArraySequence
-       };
-       staticAccessors$18.serialVersionUID.get = function () { return -915438501601840650 };
+             if (which === 'images') {
+               d = {
+                 loc: loc,
+                 key: item.id,
+                 ca: +item.heading,
+                 captured_at: item.shot_date || item.date_added,
+                 captured_by: item.username,
+                 imagePath: item.lth_name,
+                 sequence_id: item.sequence_id,
+                 sequence_index: +item.sequence_index
+               }; // cache sequence info
 
-       Object.defineProperties( CoordinateArraySequence, staticAccessors$18 );
+               var seq = _oscCache.sequences[d.sequence_id];
 
-       var CoordinateArraySequenceFactory = function CoordinateArraySequenceFactory () {};
+               if (!seq) {
+                 seq = {
+                   rotation: 0,
+                   images: []
+                 };
+                 _oscCache.sequences[d.sequence_id] = seq;
+               }
 
-       var staticAccessors$17 = { serialVersionUID: { configurable: true },instanceObject: { configurable: true } };
+               seq.images[d.sequence_index] = d;
+               _oscCache.images.forImageKey[d.key] = d; // cache imageKey -> image
+             }
 
-       CoordinateArraySequenceFactory.prototype.readResolve = function readResolve () {
-         return CoordinateArraySequenceFactory.instance()
-       };
-       CoordinateArraySequenceFactory.prototype.create = function create () {
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           if (arguments[0] instanceof Array) {
-             var coordinates = arguments[0];
-             return new CoordinateArraySequence(coordinates)
-           } else if (hasInterface(arguments[0], CoordinateSequence)) {
-             var coordSeq = arguments[0];
-             return new CoordinateArraySequence(coordSeq)
-           }
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var size = arguments[0];
-           var dimension = arguments[1];
-           if (dimension > 3) { dimension = 3; }
-           if (dimension < 2) { return new CoordinateArraySequence(size) }
-           return new CoordinateArraySequence(size, dimension)
-         }
-       };
-       CoordinateArraySequenceFactory.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [CoordinateSequenceFactory, Serializable]
-       };
-       CoordinateArraySequenceFactory.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return CoordinateArraySequenceFactory
-       };
-       CoordinateArraySequenceFactory.instance = function instance () {
-         return CoordinateArraySequenceFactory.instanceObject
-       };
+             return {
+               minX: loc[0],
+               minY: loc[1],
+               maxX: loc[0],
+               maxY: loc[1],
+               data: d
+             };
+           });
+           cache.rtree.load(features);
 
-       staticAccessors$17.serialVersionUID.get = function () { return -4099577099607551657 };
-       staticAccessors$17.instanceObject.get = function () { return new CoordinateArraySequenceFactory() };
+           if (data.currentPageItems.length === maxResults$1) {
+             // more pages to load
+             cache.nextPage[tile.id] = nextPage + 1;
+             loadNextTilePage$1(which, currZoom, url, tile);
+           } else {
+             cache.nextPage[tile.id] = Infinity; // no more pages to load
+           }
 
-       Object.defineProperties( CoordinateArraySequenceFactory, staticAccessors$17 );
+           if (which === 'images') {
+             dispatch$3.call('loadedImages');
+           }
+         })["catch"](function () {
+           cache.loaded[id] = true;
+           delete cache.inflight[id];
+         });
+       } // partition viewport into higher zoom tiles
 
-       /**
-        * @see http://download.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/util/HashMap.html
-        *
-        * @extends {javascript.util.Map}
-        * @constructor
-        * @private
-        */
-       var HashMap = (function (MapInterface) {
-         function HashMap () {
-           MapInterface.call(this);
-           this.map_ = new Map();
-         }
 
-         if ( MapInterface ) HashMap.__proto__ = MapInterface;
-         HashMap.prototype = Object.create( MapInterface && MapInterface.prototype );
-         HashMap.prototype.constructor = HashMap;
-         /**
-          * @override
-          */
-         HashMap.prototype.get = function get (key) {
-           return this.map_.get(key) || null
-         };
+       function partitionViewport$1(projection) {
+         var z = geoScaleToZoom(projection.scale());
+         var z2 = Math.ceil(z * 2) / 2 + 2.5; // round to next 0.5 and add 2.5
 
-         /**
-          * @override
-          */
-         HashMap.prototype.put = function put (key, value) {
-           this.map_.set(key, value);
-           return value
-         };
+         var tiler = utilTiler().zoomExtent([z2, z2]);
+         return tiler.getTiles(projection).map(function (tile) {
+           return tile.extent;
+         });
+       } // no more than `limit` results per partition.
 
-         /**
-          * @override
-          */
-         HashMap.prototype.values = function values () {
-           var arrayList = new ArrayList();
-           var it = this.map_.values();
-           var o = it.next();
-           while (!o.done) {
-             arrayList.add(o.value);
-             o = it.next();
-           }
-           return arrayList
-         };
 
-         /**
-          * @override
-          */
-         HashMap.prototype.entrySet = function entrySet () {
-           var hashSet = new HashSet();
-           this.map_.entries().forEach(function (entry) { return hashSet.add(entry); });
-           return hashSet
-         };
+       function searchLimited$1(limit, projection, rtree) {
+         limit = limit || 5;
+         return partitionViewport$1(projection).reduce(function (result, extent) {
+           var found = rtree.search(extent.bbox()).slice(0, limit).map(function (d) {
+             return d.data;
+           });
+           return found.length ? result.concat(found) : result;
+         }, []);
+       }
 
-         /**
-          * @override
-          */
-         HashMap.prototype.size = function size () {
-           return this.map_.size()
-         };
-
-         return HashMap;
-       }(Map$1$1));
-
-       var PrecisionModel = function PrecisionModel () {
-         this._modelType = null;
-         this._scale = null;
-         if (arguments.length === 0) {
-           this._modelType = PrecisionModel.FLOATING;
-         } else if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           if (arguments[0] instanceof Type$2) {
-             var modelType = arguments[0];
-             this._modelType = modelType;
-             if (modelType === PrecisionModel.FIXED) {
-               this.setScale(1.0);
-             }
-           } else if (typeof arguments[0] === 'number') {
-             var scale = arguments[0];
-             this._modelType = PrecisionModel.FIXED;
-             this.setScale(scale);
-           } else if (arguments[0] instanceof PrecisionModel) {
-             var pm = arguments[0];
-             this._modelType = pm._modelType;
-             this._scale = pm._scale;
+       var serviceOpenstreetcam = {
+         init: function init() {
+           if (!_oscCache) {
+             this.reset();
            }
-         }
-       };
-
-       var staticAccessors$19 = { serialVersionUID: { configurable: true },maximumPreciseValue: { configurable: true } };
-       PrecisionModel.prototype.equals = function equals (other) {
-         if (!(other instanceof PrecisionModel)) {
-           return false
-         }
-         var otherPrecisionModel = other;
-         return this._modelType === otherPrecisionModel._modelType && this._scale === otherPrecisionModel._scale
-       };
-       PrecisionModel.prototype.compareTo = function compareTo (o) {
-         var other = o;
-         var sigDigits = this.getMaximumSignificantDigits();
-         var otherSigDigits = other.getMaximumSignificantDigits();
-         return new Integer(sigDigits).compareTo(new Integer(otherSigDigits))
-       };
-       PrecisionModel.prototype.getScale = function getScale () {
-         return this._scale
-       };
-       PrecisionModel.prototype.isFloating = function isFloating () {
-         return this._modelType === PrecisionModel.FLOATING || this._modelType === PrecisionModel.FLOATING_SINGLE
-       };
-       PrecisionModel.prototype.getType = function getType () {
-         return this._modelType
-       };
-       PrecisionModel.prototype.toString = function toString () {
-         var description = 'UNKNOWN';
-         if (this._modelType === PrecisionModel.FLOATING) {
-           description = 'Floating';
-         } else if (this._modelType === PrecisionModel.FLOATING_SINGLE) {
-           description = 'Floating-Single';
-         } else if (this._modelType === PrecisionModel.FIXED) {
-           description = 'Fixed (Scale=' + this.getScale() + ')';
-         }
-         return description
-       };
-       PrecisionModel.prototype.makePrecise = function makePrecise () {
-         if (typeof arguments[0] === 'number') {
-           var val = arguments[0];
-           if (Double.isNaN(val)) { return val }
-           if (this._modelType === PrecisionModel.FLOATING_SINGLE) {
-             var floatSingleVal = val;
-             return floatSingleVal
-           }
-           if (this._modelType === PrecisionModel.FIXED) {
-             return Math.round(val * this._scale) / this._scale
-           }
-           return val
-         } else if (arguments[0] instanceof Coordinate) {
-           var coord = arguments[0];
-           if (this._modelType === PrecisionModel.FLOATING) { return null }
-           coord.x = this.makePrecise(coord.x);
-           coord.y = this.makePrecise(coord.y);
-         }
-       };
-       PrecisionModel.prototype.getMaximumSignificantDigits = function getMaximumSignificantDigits () {
-         var maxSigDigits = 16;
-         if (this._modelType === PrecisionModel.FLOATING) {
-           maxSigDigits = 16;
-         } else if (this._modelType === PrecisionModel.FLOATING_SINGLE) {
-           maxSigDigits = 6;
-         } else if (this._modelType === PrecisionModel.FIXED) {
-           maxSigDigits = 1 + Math.trunc(Math.ceil(Math.log(this.getScale()) / Math.log(10)));
-         }
-         return maxSigDigits
-       };
-       PrecisionModel.prototype.setScale = function setScale (scale) {
-         this._scale = Math.abs(scale);
-       };
-       PrecisionModel.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [Serializable, Comparable]
-       };
-       PrecisionModel.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return PrecisionModel
-       };
-       PrecisionModel.mostPrecise = function mostPrecise (pm1, pm2) {
-         if (pm1.compareTo(pm2) >= 0) { return pm1 }
-         return pm2
-       };
-       staticAccessors$19.serialVersionUID.get = function () { return 7777263578777803835 };
-       staticAccessors$19.maximumPreciseValue.get = function () { return 9007199254740992.0 };
 
-       Object.defineProperties( PrecisionModel, staticAccessors$19 );
+           this.event = utilRebind(this, dispatch$3, 'on');
+         },
+         reset: function reset() {
+           if (_oscCache) {
+             Object.values(_oscCache.images.inflight).forEach(abortRequest$3);
+           }
+
+           _oscCache = {
+             images: {
+               inflight: {},
+               loaded: {},
+               nextPage: {},
+               rtree: new RBush(),
+               forImageKey: {}
+             },
+             sequences: {}
+           };
+           _oscSelectedImage = null;
+         },
+         images: function images(projection) {
+           var limit = 5;
+           return searchLimited$1(limit, projection, _oscCache.images.rtree);
+         },
+         sequences: function sequences(projection) {
+           var viewport = projection.clipExtent();
+           var min = [viewport[0][0], viewport[1][1]];
+           var max = [viewport[1][0], viewport[0][1]];
+           var bbox = geoExtent(projection.invert(min), projection.invert(max)).bbox();
+           var sequenceKeys = {}; // all sequences for images in viewport
 
-       var Type$2 = function Type (name) {
-         this._name = name || null;
-         Type.nameToTypeMap.put(name, this);
-       };
+           _oscCache.images.rtree.search(bbox).forEach(function (d) {
+             sequenceKeys[d.data.sequence_id] = true;
+           }); // make linestrings from those sequences
 
-       var staticAccessors$1$1 = { serialVersionUID: { configurable: true },nameToTypeMap: { configurable: true } };
-       Type$2.prototype.readResolve = function readResolve () {
-         return Type$2.nameToTypeMap.get(this._name)
-       };
-       Type$2.prototype.toString = function toString () {
-         return this._name
-       };
-       Type$2.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [Serializable]
-       };
-       Type$2.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return Type$2
-       };
-       staticAccessors$1$1.serialVersionUID.get = function () { return -5528602631731589822 };
-       staticAccessors$1$1.nameToTypeMap.get = function () { return new HashMap() };
-
-       Object.defineProperties( Type$2, staticAccessors$1$1 );
-
-       PrecisionModel.Type = Type$2;
-       PrecisionModel.FIXED = new Type$2('FIXED');
-       PrecisionModel.FLOATING = new Type$2('FLOATING');
-       PrecisionModel.FLOATING_SINGLE = new Type$2('FLOATING SINGLE');
-
-       var GeometryFactory = function GeometryFactory () {
-         this._precisionModel = new PrecisionModel();
-         this._SRID = 0;
-         this._coordinateSequenceFactory = GeometryFactory.getDefaultCoordinateSequenceFactory();
-
-         if (arguments.length === 0) ; else if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           if (hasInterface(arguments[0], CoordinateSequenceFactory)) {
-             this._coordinateSequenceFactory = arguments[0];
-           } else if (arguments[0] instanceof PrecisionModel) {
-             this._precisionModel = arguments[0];
-           }
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           this._precisionModel = arguments[0];
-           this._SRID = arguments[1];
-         } else if (arguments.length === 3) {
-           this._precisionModel = arguments[0];
-           this._SRID = arguments[1];
-           this._coordinateSequenceFactory = arguments[2];
-         }
-       };
 
-       var staticAccessors$2 = { serialVersionUID: { configurable: true } };
-       GeometryFactory.prototype.toGeometry = function toGeometry (envelope) {
-         if (envelope.isNull()) {
-           return this.createPoint(null)
-         }
-         if (envelope.getMinX() === envelope.getMaxX() && envelope.getMinY() === envelope.getMaxY()) {
-           return this.createPoint(new Coordinate(envelope.getMinX(), envelope.getMinY()))
-         }
-         if (envelope.getMinX() === envelope.getMaxX() || envelope.getMinY() === envelope.getMaxY()) {
-           return this.createLineString([new Coordinate(envelope.getMinX(), envelope.getMinY()), new Coordinate(envelope.getMaxX(), envelope.getMaxY())])
-         }
-         return this.createPolygon(this.createLinearRing([new Coordinate(envelope.getMinX(), envelope.getMinY()), new Coordinate(envelope.getMinX(), envelope.getMaxY()), new Coordinate(envelope.getMaxX(), envelope.getMaxY()), new Coordinate(envelope.getMaxX(), envelope.getMinY()), new Coordinate(envelope.getMinX(), envelope.getMinY())]), null)
-       };
-       GeometryFactory.prototype.createLineString = function createLineString (coordinates) {
-         if (!coordinates) { return new LineString(this.getCoordinateSequenceFactory().create([]), this) }
-         else if (coordinates instanceof Array) { return new LineString(this.getCoordinateSequenceFactory().create(coordinates), this) }
-         else if (hasInterface(coordinates, CoordinateSequence)) { return new LineString(coordinates, this) }
-       };
-       GeometryFactory.prototype.createMultiLineString = function createMultiLineString () {
-         if (arguments.length === 0) {
-           return new MultiLineString(null, this)
-         } else if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var lineStrings = arguments[0];
-           return new MultiLineString(lineStrings, this)
-         }
-       };
-       GeometryFactory.prototype.buildGeometry = function buildGeometry (geomList) {
-         var geomClass = null;
-         var isHeterogeneous = false;
-         var hasGeometryCollection = false;
-         for (var i = geomList.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
-           var geom = i.next();
-           var partClass = geom.getClass();
-           if (geomClass === null) {
-             geomClass = partClass;
-           }
-           if (partClass !== geomClass) {
-             isHeterogeneous = true;
-           }
-           if (geom.isGeometryCollectionOrDerived()) { hasGeometryCollection = true; }
-         }
-         if (geomClass === null) {
-           return this.createGeometryCollection()
-         }
-         if (isHeterogeneous || hasGeometryCollection) {
-           return this.createGeometryCollection(GeometryFactory.toGeometryArray(geomList))
-         }
-         var geom0 = geomList.iterator().next();
-         var isCollection = geomList.size() > 1;
-         if (isCollection) {
-           if (geom0 instanceof Polygon) {
-             return this.createMultiPolygon(GeometryFactory.toPolygonArray(geomList))
-           } else if (geom0 instanceof LineString) {
-             return this.createMultiLineString(GeometryFactory.toLineStringArray(geomList))
-           } else if (geom0 instanceof Point$1) {
-             return this.createMultiPoint(GeometryFactory.toPointArray(geomList))
-           }
-           Assert.shouldNeverReachHere('Unhandled class: ' + geom0.getClass().getName());
-         }
-         return geom0
-       };
-       GeometryFactory.prototype.createMultiPointFromCoords = function createMultiPointFromCoords (coordinates) {
-         return this.createMultiPoint(coordinates !== null ? this.getCoordinateSequenceFactory().create(coordinates) : null)
-       };
-       GeometryFactory.prototype.createPoint = function createPoint () {
-         if (arguments.length === 0) {
-           return this.createPoint(this.getCoordinateSequenceFactory().create([]))
-         } else if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           if (arguments[0] instanceof Coordinate) {
-             var coordinate = arguments[0];
-             return this.createPoint(coordinate !== null ? this.getCoordinateSequenceFactory().create([coordinate]) : null)
-           } else if (hasInterface(arguments[0], CoordinateSequence)) {
-             var coordinates = arguments[0];
-             return new Point$1(coordinates, this)
-           }
-         }
-       };
-       GeometryFactory.prototype.getCoordinateSequenceFactory = function getCoordinateSequenceFactory () {
-         return this._coordinateSequenceFactory
-       };
-       GeometryFactory.prototype.createPolygon = function createPolygon () {
-         if (arguments.length === 0) {
-           return new Polygon(null, null, this)
-         } else if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           if (hasInterface(arguments[0], CoordinateSequence)) {
-             var coordinates = arguments[0];
-             return this.createPolygon(this.createLinearRing(coordinates))
-           } else if (arguments[0] instanceof Array) {
-             var coordinates$1 = arguments[0];
-             return this.createPolygon(this.createLinearRing(coordinates$1))
-           } else if (arguments[0] instanceof LinearRing) {
-             var shell = arguments[0];
-             return this.createPolygon(shell, null)
-           }
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var shell$1 = arguments[0];
-           var holes = arguments[1];
-           return new Polygon(shell$1, holes, this)
-         }
-       };
-       GeometryFactory.prototype.getSRID = function getSRID () {
-         return this._SRID
-       };
-       GeometryFactory.prototype.createGeometryCollection = function createGeometryCollection () {
-         if (arguments.length === 0) {
-           return new GeometryCollection(null, this)
-         } else if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var geometries = arguments[0];
-           return new GeometryCollection(geometries, this)
-         }
-       };
-       GeometryFactory.prototype.createGeometry = function createGeometry (g) {
-         var editor = new GeometryEditor(this);
-         return editor.edit(g, {
-           edit: function () {
-             if (arguments.length === 2) {
-               var coordSeq = arguments[0];
-               // const geometry = arguments[1]
-               return this._coordinateSequenceFactory.create(coordSeq)
+           var lineStrings = [];
+           Object.keys(sequenceKeys).forEach(function (sequenceKey) {
+             var seq = _oscCache.sequences[sequenceKey];
+             var images = seq && seq.images;
+
+             if (images) {
+               lineStrings.push({
+                 type: 'LineString',
+                 coordinates: images.map(function (d) {
+                   return d.loc;
+                 }).filter(Boolean),
+                 properties: {
+                   captured_at: images[0] ? images[0].captured_at : null,
+                   captured_by: images[0] ? images[0].captured_by : null,
+                   key: sequenceKey
+                 }
+               });
              }
+           });
+           return lineStrings;
+         },
+         cachedImage: function cachedImage(imageKey) {
+           return _oscCache.images.forImageKey[imageKey];
+         },
+         loadImages: function loadImages(projection) {
+           var url = apibase$1 + '/1.0/list/nearby-photos/';
+           loadTiles$1('images', url, projection);
+         },
+         ensureViewerLoaded: function ensureViewerLoaded(context) {
+           if (_loadViewerPromise$1) return _loadViewerPromise$1; // add osc-wrapper
+
+           var wrap = context.container().select('.photoviewer').selectAll('.osc-wrapper').data([0]);
+           var that = this;
+           var wrapEnter = wrap.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'photo-wrapper osc-wrapper').classed('hide', true).call(imgZoom.on('zoom', zoomPan)).on('dblclick.zoom', null);
+           wrapEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'photo-attribution fillD');
+           var controlsEnter = wrapEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'photo-controls-wrap').append('div').attr('class', 'photo-controls');
+           controlsEnter.append('button').on('click.back', step(-1)).html('◄');
+           controlsEnter.append('button').on('click.rotate-ccw', rotate(-90)).html('⤿');
+           controlsEnter.append('button').on('click.rotate-cw', rotate(90)).html('⤾');
+           controlsEnter.append('button').on('click.forward', step(1)).html('►');
+           wrapEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'osc-image-wrap'); // Register viewer resize handler
+
+           context.ui().photoviewer.on('resize.openstreetcam', function (dimensions) {
+             imgZoom = d3_zoom().extent([[0, 0], dimensions]).translateExtent([[0, 0], dimensions]).scaleExtent([1, 15]).on('zoom', zoomPan);
+           });
+
+           function zoomPan(d3_event) {
+             var t = d3_event.transform;
+             context.container().select('.photoviewer .osc-image-wrap').call(utilSetTransform, t.x, t.y, t.k);
+           }
+
+           function rotate(deg) {
+             return function () {
+               if (!_oscSelectedImage) return;
+               var sequenceKey = _oscSelectedImage.sequence_id;
+               var sequence = _oscCache.sequences[sequenceKey];
+               if (!sequence) return;
+               var r = sequence.rotation || 0;
+               r += deg;
+               if (r > 180) r -= 360;
+               if (r < -180) r += 360;
+               sequence.rotation = r;
+               var wrap = context.container().select('.photoviewer .osc-wrapper');
+               wrap.transition().duration(100).call(imgZoom.transform, identity$2);
+               wrap.selectAll('.osc-image').transition().duration(100).style('transform', 'rotate(' + r + 'deg)');
+             };
            }
-         })
-       };
-       GeometryFactory.prototype.getPrecisionModel = function getPrecisionModel () {
-         return this._precisionModel
-       };
-       GeometryFactory.prototype.createLinearRing = function createLinearRing () {
-         if (arguments.length === 0) {
-           return this.createLinearRing(this.getCoordinateSequenceFactory().create([]))
-         } else if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           if (arguments[0] instanceof Array) {
-             var coordinates = arguments[0];
-             return this.createLinearRing(coordinates !== null ? this.getCoordinateSequenceFactory().create(coordinates) : null)
-           } else if (hasInterface(arguments[0], CoordinateSequence)) {
-             var coordinates$1 = arguments[0];
-             return new LinearRing(coordinates$1, this)
+
+           function step(stepBy) {
+             return function () {
+               if (!_oscSelectedImage) return;
+               var sequenceKey = _oscSelectedImage.sequence_id;
+               var sequence = _oscCache.sequences[sequenceKey];
+               if (!sequence) return;
+               var nextIndex = _oscSelectedImage.sequence_index + stepBy;
+               var nextImage = sequence.images[nextIndex];
+               if (!nextImage) return;
+               context.map().centerEase(nextImage.loc);
+               that.selectImage(context, nextImage.key);
+             };
+           } // don't need any async loading so resolve immediately
+
+
+           _loadViewerPromise$1 = Promise.resolve();
+           return _loadViewerPromise$1;
+         },
+         showViewer: function showViewer(context) {
+           var viewer = context.container().select('.photoviewer').classed('hide', false);
+           var isHidden = viewer.selectAll('.photo-wrapper.osc-wrapper.hide').size();
+
+           if (isHidden) {
+             viewer.selectAll('.photo-wrapper:not(.osc-wrapper)').classed('hide', true);
+             viewer.selectAll('.photo-wrapper.osc-wrapper').classed('hide', false);
            }
-         }
-       };
-       GeometryFactory.prototype.createMultiPolygon = function createMultiPolygon () {
-         if (arguments.length === 0) {
-           return new MultiPolygon(null, this)
-         } else if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var polygons = arguments[0];
-           return new MultiPolygon(polygons, this)
-         }
-       };
-       GeometryFactory.prototype.createMultiPoint = function createMultiPoint () {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-         if (arguments.length === 0) {
-           return new MultiPoint(null, this)
-         } else if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           if (arguments[0] instanceof Array) {
-             var point = arguments[0];
-             return new MultiPoint(point, this)
-           } else if (arguments[0] instanceof Array) {
-             var coordinates = arguments[0];
-             return this.createMultiPoint(coordinates !== null ? this.getCoordinateSequenceFactory().create(coordinates) : null)
-           } else if (hasInterface(arguments[0], CoordinateSequence)) {
-             var coordinates$1 = arguments[0];
-             if (coordinates$1 === null) {
-               return this.createMultiPoint(new Array(0).fill(null))
-             }
-             var points = new Array(coordinates$1.size()).fill(null);
-             for (var i = 0; i < coordinates$1.size(); i++) {
-               var ptSeq = this$1.getCoordinateSequenceFactory().create(1, coordinates$1.getDimension());
-               CoordinateSequences.copy(coordinates$1, i, ptSeq, 0, 1);
-               points[i] = this$1.createPoint(ptSeq);
-             }
-             return this.createMultiPoint(points)
+
+           return this;
+         },
+         hideViewer: function hideViewer(context) {
+           _oscSelectedImage = null;
+           this.updateUrlImage(null);
+           var viewer = context.container().select('.photoviewer');
+           if (!viewer.empty()) viewer.datum(null);
+           viewer.classed('hide', true).selectAll('.photo-wrapper').classed('hide', true);
+           context.container().selectAll('.viewfield-group, .sequence, .icon-sign').classed('currentView', false);
+           return this.setStyles(context, null, true);
+         },
+         selectImage: function selectImage(context, imageKey) {
+           var d = this.cachedImage(imageKey);
+           _oscSelectedImage = d;
+           this.updateUrlImage(imageKey);
+           var viewer = context.container().select('.photoviewer');
+           if (!viewer.empty()) viewer.datum(d);
+           this.setStyles(context, null, true);
+           context.container().selectAll('.icon-sign').classed('currentView', false);
+           if (!d) return this;
+           var wrap = context.container().select('.photoviewer .osc-wrapper');
+           var imageWrap = wrap.selectAll('.osc-image-wrap');
+           var attribution = wrap.selectAll('.photo-attribution').html('');
+           wrap.transition().duration(100).call(imgZoom.transform, identity$2);
+           imageWrap.selectAll('.osc-image').remove();
+
+           if (d) {
+             var sequence = _oscCache.sequences[d.sequence_id];
+             var r = sequence && sequence.rotation || 0;
+             imageWrap.append('img').attr('class', 'osc-image').attr('src', apibase$1 + '/' + d.imagePath).style('transform', 'rotate(' + r + 'deg)');
+
+             if (d.captured_by) {
+               attribution.append('a').attr('class', 'captured_by').attr('target', '_blank').attr('href', 'https://openstreetcam.org/user/' + encodeURIComponent(d.captured_by)).html('@' + d.captured_by);
+               attribution.append('span').html('|');
+             }
+
+             if (d.captured_at) {
+               attribution.append('span').attr('class', 'captured_at').html(localeDateString(d.captured_at));
+               attribution.append('span').html('|');
+             }
+
+             attribution.append('a').attr('class', 'image-link').attr('target', '_blank').attr('href', 'https://openstreetcam.org/details/' + d.sequence_id + '/' + d.sequence_index).html('openstreetcam.org');
            }
-         }
-       };
-       GeometryFactory.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [Serializable]
-       };
-       GeometryFactory.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return GeometryFactory
-       };
-       GeometryFactory.toMultiPolygonArray = function toMultiPolygonArray (multiPolygons) {
-         var multiPolygonArray = new Array(multiPolygons.size()).fill(null);
-         return multiPolygons.toArray(multiPolygonArray)
-       };
-       GeometryFactory.toGeometryArray = function toGeometryArray (geometries) {
-         if (geometries === null) { return null }
-         var geometryArray = new Array(geometries.size()).fill(null);
-         return geometries.toArray(geometryArray)
-       };
-       GeometryFactory.getDefaultCoordinateSequenceFactory = function getDefaultCoordinateSequenceFactory () {
-         return CoordinateArraySequenceFactory.instance()
-       };
-       GeometryFactory.toMultiLineStringArray = function toMultiLineStringArray (multiLineStrings) {
-         var multiLineStringArray = new Array(multiLineStrings.size()).fill(null);
-         return multiLineStrings.toArray(multiLineStringArray)
-       };
-       GeometryFactory.toLineStringArray = function toLineStringArray (lineStrings) {
-         var lineStringArray = new Array(lineStrings.size()).fill(null);
-         return lineStrings.toArray(lineStringArray)
-       };
-       GeometryFactory.toMultiPointArray = function toMultiPointArray (multiPoints) {
-         var multiPointArray = new Array(multiPoints.size()).fill(null);
-         return multiPoints.toArray(multiPointArray)
-       };
-       GeometryFactory.toLinearRingArray = function toLinearRingArray (linearRings) {
-         var linearRingArray = new Array(linearRings.size()).fill(null);
-         return linearRings.toArray(linearRingArray)
-       };
-       GeometryFactory.toPointArray = function toPointArray (points) {
-         var pointArray = new Array(points.size()).fill(null);
-         return points.toArray(pointArray)
-       };
-       GeometryFactory.toPolygonArray = function toPolygonArray (polygons) {
-         var polygonArray = new Array(polygons.size()).fill(null);
-         return polygons.toArray(polygonArray)
-       };
-       GeometryFactory.createPointFromInternalCoord = function createPointFromInternalCoord (coord, exemplar) {
-         exemplar.getPrecisionModel().makePrecise(coord);
-         return exemplar.getFactory().createPoint(coord)
-       };
-       staticAccessors$2.serialVersionUID.get = function () { return -6820524753094095635 };
 
-       Object.defineProperties( GeometryFactory, staticAccessors$2 );
+           return this;
 
-       var geometryTypes = ['Point', 'MultiPoint', 'LineString', 'MultiLineString', 'Polygon', 'MultiPolygon'];
+           function localeDateString(s) {
+             if (!s) return null;
+             var options = {
+               day: 'numeric',
+               month: 'short',
+               year: 'numeric'
+             };
+             var d = new Date(s);
+             if (isNaN(d.getTime())) return null;
+             return d.toLocaleDateString(_mainLocalizer.localeCode(), options);
+           }
+         },
+         getSelectedImage: function getSelectedImage() {
+           return _oscSelectedImage;
+         },
+         getSequenceKeyForImage: function getSequenceKeyForImage(d) {
+           return d && d.sequence_id;
+         },
+         // Updates the currently highlighted sequence and selected bubble.
+         // Reset is only necessary when interacting with the viewport because
+         // this implicitly changes the currently selected bubble/sequence
+         setStyles: function setStyles(context, hovered, reset) {
+           if (reset) {
+             // reset all layers
+             context.container().selectAll('.viewfield-group').classed('highlighted', false).classed('hovered', false).classed('currentView', false);
+             context.container().selectAll('.sequence').classed('highlighted', false).classed('currentView', false);
+           }
+
+           var hoveredImageKey = hovered && hovered.key;
+           var hoveredSequenceKey = this.getSequenceKeyForImage(hovered);
+           var hoveredSequence = hoveredSequenceKey && _oscCache.sequences[hoveredSequenceKey];
+           var hoveredImageKeys = hoveredSequence && hoveredSequence.images.map(function (d) {
+             return d.key;
+           }) || [];
+           var viewer = context.container().select('.photoviewer');
+           var selected = viewer.empty() ? undefined : viewer.datum();
+           var selectedImageKey = selected && selected.key;
+           var selectedSequenceKey = this.getSequenceKeyForImage(selected);
+           var selectedSequence = selectedSequenceKey && _oscCache.sequences[selectedSequenceKey];
+           var selectedImageKeys = selectedSequence && selectedSequence.images.map(function (d) {
+             return d.key;
+           }) || []; // highlight sibling viewfields on either the selected or the hovered sequences
+
+           var highlightedImageKeys = utilArrayUnion(hoveredImageKeys, selectedImageKeys);
+           context.container().selectAll('.layer-openstreetcam .viewfield-group').classed('highlighted', function (d) {
+             return highlightedImageKeys.indexOf(d.key) !== -1;
+           }).classed('hovered', function (d) {
+             return d.key === hoveredImageKey;
+           }).classed('currentView', function (d) {
+             return d.key === selectedImageKey;
+           });
+           context.container().selectAll('.layer-openstreetcam .sequence').classed('highlighted', function (d) {
+             return d.properties.key === hoveredSequenceKey;
+           }).classed('currentView', function (d) {
+             return d.properties.key === selectedSequenceKey;
+           }); // update viewfields if needed
 
-       /**
-        * Class for reading and writing Well-Known Text.Create a new parser for GeoJSON
-        * NOTE: Adapted from OpenLayers 2.11 implementation.
-        */
+           context.container().selectAll('.layer-openstreetcam .viewfield-group .viewfield').attr('d', viewfieldPath);
 
-       /**
-        * Create a new parser for GeoJSON
-        *
-        * @param {GeometryFactory} geometryFactory
-        * @return An instance of GeoJsonParser.
-        * @constructor
-        * @private
-        */
-       var GeoJSONParser = function GeoJSONParser (geometryFactory) {
-         this.geometryFactory = geometryFactory || new GeometryFactory();
-       };
-       /**
-        * Deserialize a GeoJSON object and return the Geometry or Feature(Collection) with JSTS Geometries
-        *
-        * @param {}
-        *        A GeoJSON object.
-        * @return {} A Geometry instance or object representing a Feature(Collection) with Geometry instances.
-        * @private
-        */
-       GeoJSONParser.prototype.read = function read (json) {
-         var obj;
-         if (typeof json === 'string') {
-           obj = JSON.parse(json);
-         } else {
-           obj = json;
-         }
+           function viewfieldPath() {
+             var d = this.parentNode.__data__;
 
-         var type = obj.type;
+             if (d.pano && d.key !== selectedImageKey) {
+               return 'M 8,13 m -10,0 a 10,10 0 1,0 20,0 a 10,10 0 1,0 -20,0';
+             } else {
+               return 'M 6,9 C 8,8.4 8,8.4 10,9 L 16,-2 C 12,-5 4,-5 0,-2 z';
+             }
+           }
 
-         if (!parse$2[type]) {
-           throw new Error('Unknown GeoJSON type: ' + obj.type)
-         }
+           return this;
+         },
+         updateUrlImage: function updateUrlImage(imageKey) {
+           if (!window.mocha) {
+             var hash = utilStringQs(window.location.hash);
 
-         if (geometryTypes.indexOf(type) !== -1) {
-           return parse$2[type].apply(this, [obj.coordinates])
-         } else if (type === 'GeometryCollection') {
-           return parse$2[type].apply(this, [obj.geometries])
-         }
+             if (imageKey) {
+               hash.photo = 'openstreetcam/' + imageKey;
+             } else {
+               delete hash.photo;
+             }
 
-         // feature or feature collection
-         return parse$2[type].apply(this, [obj])
+             window.location.replace('#' + utilQsString(hash, true));
+           }
+         },
+         cache: function cache() {
+           return _oscCache;
+         }
        };
 
-       /**
-        * Serialize a Geometry object into GeoJSON
-        *
-        * @param {Geometry}
-        *        geometry A Geometry or array of Geometries.
-        * @return {Object} A GeoJSON object represting the input Geometry/Geometries.
-        * @private
-        */
-       GeoJSONParser.prototype.write = function write (geometry) {
-         var type = geometry.getGeometryType();
+       var hashes = createCommonjsModule(function (module, exports) {
+         (function () {
+           var Hashes;
 
-         if (!extract[type]) {
-           throw new Error('Geometry is not supported')
-         }
+           function utf8Encode(str) {
+             var x,
+                 y,
+                 output = '',
+                 i = -1,
+                 l;
 
-         return extract[type].apply(this, [geometry])
-       };
+             if (str && str.length) {
+               l = str.length;
 
-       var parse$2 = {
-         /**
-          * Parse a GeoJSON Feature object
-          *
-          * @param {Object}
-          *          obj Object to parse.
-          *
-          * @return {Object} Feature with geometry/bbox converted to JSTS Geometries.
-          */
-         Feature: function (obj) {
-           var feature = {};
+               while ((i += 1) < l) {
+                 /* Decode utf-16 surrogate pairs */
+                 x = str.charCodeAt(i);
+                 y = i + 1 < l ? str.charCodeAt(i + 1) : 0;
+
+                 if (0xD800 <= x && x <= 0xDBFF && 0xDC00 <= y && y <= 0xDFFF) {
+                   x = 0x10000 + ((x & 0x03FF) << 10) + (y & 0x03FF);
+                   i += 1;
+                 }
+                 /* Encode output as utf-8 */
 
-           // copy features
-           for (var key in obj) {
-             feature[key] = obj[key];
-           }
 
-           // parse geometry
-           if (obj.geometry) {
-             var type = obj.geometry.type;
-             if (!parse$2[type]) {
-               throw new Error('Unknown GeoJSON type: ' + obj.type)
+                 if (x <= 0x7F) {
+                   output += String.fromCharCode(x);
+                 } else if (x <= 0x7FF) {
+                   output += String.fromCharCode(0xC0 | x >>> 6 & 0x1F, 0x80 | x & 0x3F);
+                 } else if (x <= 0xFFFF) {
+                   output += String.fromCharCode(0xE0 | x >>> 12 & 0x0F, 0x80 | x >>> 6 & 0x3F, 0x80 | x & 0x3F);
+                 } else if (x <= 0x1FFFFF) {
+                   output += String.fromCharCode(0xF0 | x >>> 18 & 0x07, 0x80 | x >>> 12 & 0x3F, 0x80 | x >>> 6 & 0x3F, 0x80 | x & 0x3F);
+                 }
+               }
              }
-             feature.geometry = this.read(obj.geometry);
-           }
 
-           // bbox
-           if (obj.bbox) {
-             feature.bbox = parse$2.bbox.apply(this, [obj.bbox]);
+             return output;
            }
 
-           return feature
-         },
-
-         /**
-          * Parse a GeoJSON FeatureCollection object
-          *
-          * @param {Object}
-          *          obj Object to parse.
-          *
-          * @return {Object} FeatureCollection with geometry/bbox converted to JSTS Geometries.
-          */
-         FeatureCollection: function (obj) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+           function utf8Decode(str) {
+             var i,
+                 ac,
+                 c1,
+                 c2,
+                 c3,
+                 arr = [],
+                 l;
+             i = ac = c1 = c2 = c3 = 0;
 
-           var featureCollection = {};
+             if (str && str.length) {
+               l = str.length;
+               str += '';
 
-           if (obj.features) {
-             featureCollection.features = [];
+               while (i < l) {
+                 c1 = str.charCodeAt(i);
+                 ac += 1;
 
-             for (var i = 0; i < obj.features.length; ++i) {
-               featureCollection.features.push(this$1.read(obj.features[i]));
+                 if (c1 < 128) {
+                   arr[ac] = String.fromCharCode(c1);
+                   i += 1;
+                 } else if (c1 > 191 && c1 < 224) {
+                   c2 = str.charCodeAt(i + 1);
+                   arr[ac] = String.fromCharCode((c1 & 31) << 6 | c2 & 63);
+                   i += 2;
+                 } else {
+                   c2 = str.charCodeAt(i + 1);
+                   c3 = str.charCodeAt(i + 2);
+                   arr[ac] = String.fromCharCode((c1 & 15) << 12 | (c2 & 63) << 6 | c3 & 63);
+                   i += 3;
+                 }
+               }
              }
+
+             return arr.join('');
            }
+           /**
+            * Add integers, wrapping at 2^32. This uses 16-bit operations internally
+            * to work around bugs in some JS interpreters.
+            */
 
-           if (obj.bbox) {
-             featureCollection.bbox = this.parse.bbox.apply(this, [obj.bbox]);
+
+           function safe_add(x, y) {
+             var lsw = (x & 0xFFFF) + (y & 0xFFFF),
+                 msw = (x >> 16) + (y >> 16) + (lsw >> 16);
+             return msw << 16 | lsw & 0xFFFF;
            }
+           /**
+            * Bitwise rotate a 32-bit number to the left.
+            */
 
-           return featureCollection
-         },
 
-         /**
-          * Convert the ordinates in an array to an array of Coordinates
-          *
-          * @param {Array}
-          *          array Array with {Number}s.
-          *
-          * @return {Array} Array with Coordinates.
-          */
-         coordinates: function (array) {
-           var coordinates = [];
-           for (var i = 0; i < array.length; ++i) {
-             var sub = array[i];
-             coordinates.push(new Coordinate(sub[0], sub[1]));
+           function bit_rol(num, cnt) {
+             return num << cnt | num >>> 32 - cnt;
            }
-           return coordinates
-         },
+           /**
+            * Convert a raw string to a hex string
+            */
 
-         /**
-          * Convert the bbox to a LinearRing
-          *
-          * @param {Array}
-          *          array Array with [xMin, yMin, xMax, yMax].
-          *
-          * @return {Array} Array with Coordinates.
-          */
-         bbox: function (array) {
-           return this.geometryFactory.createLinearRing([
-             new Coordinate(array[0], array[1]),
-             new Coordinate(array[2], array[1]),
-             new Coordinate(array[2], array[3]),
-             new Coordinate(array[0], array[3]),
-             new Coordinate(array[0], array[1])
-           ])
-         },
 
-         /**
-          * Convert an Array with ordinates to a Point
-          *
-          * @param {Array}
-          *          array Array with ordinates.
-          *
-          * @return {Point} Point.
-          */
-         Point: function (array) {
-           var coordinate = new Coordinate(array[0], array[1]);
-           return this.geometryFactory.createPoint(coordinate)
-         },
+           function rstr2hex(input, hexcase) {
+             var hex_tab = hexcase ? '0123456789ABCDEF' : '0123456789abcdef',
+                 output = '',
+                 x,
+                 i = 0,
+                 l = input.length;
 
-         /**
-          * Convert an Array with coordinates to a MultiPoint
-          *
-          * @param {Array}
-          *          array Array with coordinates.
-          *
-          * @return {MultiPoint} MultiPoint.
-          */
-         MultiPoint: function (array) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+             for (; i < l; i += 1) {
+               x = input.charCodeAt(i);
+               output += hex_tab.charAt(x >>> 4 & 0x0F) + hex_tab.charAt(x & 0x0F);
+             }
 
-           var points = [];
-           for (var i = 0; i < array.length; ++i) {
-             points.push(parse$2.Point.apply(this$1, [array[i]]));
+             return output;
            }
-           return this.geometryFactory.createMultiPoint(points)
-         },
+           /**
+            * Convert an array of big-endian words to a string
+            */
 
-         /**
-          * Convert an Array with coordinates to a LineString
-          *
-          * @param {Array}
-          *          array Array with coordinates.
-          *
-          * @return {LineString} LineString.
-          */
-         LineString: function (array) {
-           var coordinates = parse$2.coordinates.apply(this, [array]);
-           return this.geometryFactory.createLineString(coordinates)
-         },
 
-         /**
-          * Convert an Array with coordinates to a MultiLineString
-          *
-          * @param {Array}
-          *          array Array with coordinates.
-          *
-          * @return {MultiLineString} MultiLineString.
-          */
-         MultiLineString: function (array) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+           function binb2rstr(input) {
+             var i,
+                 l = input.length * 32,
+                 output = '';
 
-           var lineStrings = [];
-           for (var i = 0; i < array.length; ++i) {
-             lineStrings.push(parse$2.LineString.apply(this$1, [array[i]]));
+             for (i = 0; i < l; i += 8) {
+               output += String.fromCharCode(input[i >> 5] >>> 24 - i % 32 & 0xFF);
+             }
+
+             return output;
            }
-           return this.geometryFactory.createMultiLineString(lineStrings)
-         },
+           /**
+            * Convert an array of little-endian words to a string
+            */
 
-         /**
-          * Convert an Array to a Polygon
-          *
-          * @param {Array}
-          *          array Array with shell and holes.
-          *
-          * @return {Polygon} Polygon.
-          */
-         Polygon: function (array) {
-           var this$1 = this;
 
-           var shellCoordinates = parse$2.coordinates.apply(this, [array[0]]);
-           var shell = this.geometryFactory.createLinearRing(shellCoordinates);
-           var holes = [];
-           for (var i = 1; i < array.length; ++i) {
-             var hole = array[i];
-             var coordinates = parse$2.coordinates.apply(this$1, [hole]);
-             var linearRing = this$1.geometryFactory.createLinearRing(coordinates);
-             holes.push(linearRing);
-           }
-           return this.geometryFactory.createPolygon(shell, holes)
-         },
+           function binl2rstr(input) {
+             var i,
+                 l = input.length * 32,
+                 output = '';
 
-         /**
-          * Convert an Array to a MultiPolygon
-          *
-          * @param {Array}
-          *          array Array of arrays with shell and rings.
-          *
-          * @return {MultiPolygon} MultiPolygon.
-          */
-         MultiPolygon: function (array) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+             for (i = 0; i < l; i += 8) {
+               output += String.fromCharCode(input[i >> 5] >>> i % 32 & 0xFF);
+             }
 
-           var polygons = [];
-           for (var i = 0; i < array.length; ++i) {
-             var polygon = array[i];
-             polygons.push(parse$2.Polygon.apply(this$1, [polygon]));
+             return output;
            }
-           return this.geometryFactory.createMultiPolygon(polygons)
-         },
+           /**
+            * Convert a raw string to an array of little-endian words
+            * Characters >255 have their high-byte silently ignored.
+            */
 
-         /**
-          * Convert an Array to a GeometryCollection
-          *
-          * @param {Array}
-          *          array Array of GeoJSON geometries.
-          *
-          * @return {GeometryCollection} GeometryCollection.
-          */
-         GeometryCollection: function (array) {
-           var this$1 = this;
 
-           var geometries = [];
-           for (var i = 0; i < array.length; ++i) {
-             var geometry = array[i];
-             geometries.push(this$1.read(geometry));
-           }
-           return this.geometryFactory.createGeometryCollection(geometries)
-         }
-       };
+           function rstr2binl(input) {
+             var i,
+                 l = input.length * 8,
+                 output = Array(input.length >> 2),
+                 lo = output.length;
 
-       var extract = {
-         /**
-          * Convert a Coordinate to an Array
-          *
-          * @param {Coordinate}
-          *          coordinate Coordinate to convert.
-          *
-          * @return {Array} Array of ordinates.
-          */
-         coordinate: function (coordinate) {
-           return [coordinate.x, coordinate.y]
-         },
+             for (i = 0; i < lo; i += 1) {
+               output[i] = 0;
+             }
 
-         /**
-          * Convert a Point to a GeoJSON object
-          *
-          * @param {Point}
-          *          point Point to convert.
-          *
-          * @return {Array} Array of 2 ordinates (paired to a coordinate).
-          */
-         Point: function (point) {
-           var array = extract.coordinate.apply(this, [point.getCoordinate()]);
-           return {
-             type: 'Point',
-             coordinates: array
+             for (i = 0; i < l; i += 8) {
+               output[i >> 5] |= (input.charCodeAt(i / 8) & 0xFF) << i % 32;
+             }
+
+             return output;
            }
-         },
+           /**
+            * Convert a raw string to an array of big-endian words
+            * Characters >255 have their high-byte silently ignored.
+            */
 
-         /**
-          * Convert a MultiPoint to a GeoJSON object
-          *
-          * @param {MultiPoint}
-          *          multipoint MultiPoint to convert.
-          *
-          * @return {Array} Array of coordinates.
-          */
-         MultiPoint: function (multipoint) {
-           var this$1 = this;
 
-           var array = [];
-           for (var i = 0; i < multipoint._geometries.length; ++i) {
-             var point = multipoint._geometries[i];
-             var geoJson = extract.Point.apply(this$1, [point]);
-             array.push(geoJson.coordinates);
-           }
-           return {
-             type: 'MultiPoint',
-             coordinates: array
-           }
-         },
+           function rstr2binb(input) {
+             var i,
+                 l = input.length * 8,
+                 output = Array(input.length >> 2),
+                 lo = output.length;
 
-         /**
-          * Convert a LineString to a GeoJSON object
-          *
-          * @param {LineString}
-          *          linestring LineString to convert.
-          *
-          * @return {Array} Array of coordinates.
-          */
-         LineString: function (linestring) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+             for (i = 0; i < lo; i += 1) {
+               output[i] = 0;
+             }
 
-           var array = [];
-           var coordinates = linestring.getCoordinates();
-           for (var i = 0; i < coordinates.length; ++i) {
-             var coordinate = coordinates[i];
-             array.push(extract.coordinate.apply(this$1, [coordinate]));
-           }
-           return {
-             type: 'LineString',
-             coordinates: array
+             for (i = 0; i < l; i += 8) {
+               output[i >> 5] |= (input.charCodeAt(i / 8) & 0xFF) << 24 - i % 32;
+             }
+
+             return output;
            }
-         },
+           /**
+            * Convert a raw string to an arbitrary string encoding
+            */
 
-         /**
-          * Convert a MultiLineString to a GeoJSON object
-          *
-          * @param {MultiLineString}
-          *          multilinestring MultiLineString to convert.
-          *
-          * @return {Array} Array of Array of coordinates.
-          */
-         MultiLineString: function (multilinestring) {
-           var this$1 = this;
 
-           var array = [];
-           for (var i = 0; i < multilinestring._geometries.length; ++i) {
-             var linestring = multilinestring._geometries[i];
-             var geoJson = extract.LineString.apply(this$1, [linestring]);
-             array.push(geoJson.coordinates);
-           }
-           return {
-             type: 'MultiLineString',
-             coordinates: array
-           }
-         },
+           function rstr2any(input, encoding) {
+             var divisor = encoding.length,
+                 remainders = Array(),
+                 i,
+                 q,
+                 x,
+                 ld,
+                 quotient,
+                 dividend,
+                 output,
+                 full_length;
+             /* Convert to an array of 16-bit big-endian values, forming the dividend */
 
-         /**
-          * Convert a Polygon to a GeoJSON object
-          *
-          * @param {Polygon}
-          *          polygon Polygon to convert.
-          *
-          * @return {Array} Array with shell, holes.
-          */
-         Polygon: function (polygon) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+             dividend = Array(Math.ceil(input.length / 2));
+             ld = dividend.length;
 
-           var array = [];
-           var shellGeoJson = extract.LineString.apply(this, [polygon._shell]);
-           array.push(shellGeoJson.coordinates);
-           for (var i = 0; i < polygon._holes.length; ++i) {
-             var hole = polygon._holes[i];
-             var holeGeoJson = extract.LineString.apply(this$1, [hole]);
-             array.push(holeGeoJson.coordinates);
-           }
-           return {
-             type: 'Polygon',
-             coordinates: array
-           }
-         },
+             for (i = 0; i < ld; i += 1) {
+               dividend[i] = input.charCodeAt(i * 2) << 8 | input.charCodeAt(i * 2 + 1);
+             }
+             /**
+              * Repeatedly perform a long division. The binary array forms the dividend,
+              * the length of the encoding is the divisor. Once computed, the quotient
+              * forms the dividend for the next step. We stop when the dividend is zerHashes.
+              * All remainders are stored for later use.
+              */
 
-         /**
-          * Convert a MultiPolygon to a GeoJSON object
-          *
-          * @param {MultiPolygon}
-          *          multipolygon MultiPolygon to convert.
-          *
-          * @return {Array} Array of polygons.
-          */
-         MultiPolygon: function (multipolygon) {
-           var this$1 = this;
 
-           var array = [];
-           for (var i = 0; i < multipolygon._geometries.length; ++i) {
-             var polygon = multipolygon._geometries[i];
-             var geoJson = extract.Polygon.apply(this$1, [polygon]);
-             array.push(geoJson.coordinates);
-           }
-           return {
-             type: 'MultiPolygon',
-             coordinates: array
-           }
-         },
+             while (dividend.length > 0) {
+               quotient = Array();
+               x = 0;
 
-         /**
-          * Convert a GeometryCollection to a GeoJSON object
-          *
-          * @param {GeometryCollection}
-          *          collection GeometryCollection to convert.
-          *
-          * @return {Array} Array of geometries.
-          */
-         GeometryCollection: function (collection) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+               for (i = 0; i < dividend.length; i += 1) {
+                 x = (x << 16) + dividend[i];
+                 q = Math.floor(x / divisor);
+                 x -= q * divisor;
 
-           var array = [];
-           for (var i = 0; i < collection._geometries.length; ++i) {
-             var geometry = collection._geometries[i];
-             var type = geometry.getGeometryType();
-             array.push(extract[type].apply(this$1, [geometry]));
-           }
-           return {
-             type: 'GeometryCollection',
-             geometries: array
-           }
-         }
-       };
+                 if (quotient.length > 0 || q > 0) {
+                   quotient[quotient.length] = q;
+                 }
+               }
 
-       /**
-        * Converts a geometry in GeoJSON to a {@link Geometry}.
-        */
+               remainders[remainders.length] = x;
+               dividend = quotient;
+             }
+             /* Convert the remainders to the output string */
 
-       /**
-        * A <code>GeoJSONReader</code> is parameterized by a <code>GeometryFactory</code>,
-        * to allow it to create <code>Geometry</code> objects of the appropriate
-        * implementation. In particular, the <code>GeometryFactory</code> determines
-        * the <code>PrecisionModel</code> and <code>SRID</code> that is used.
-        *
-        * @param {GeometryFactory} geometryFactory
-        * @constructor
-        */
-       var GeoJSONReader = function GeoJSONReader (geometryFactory) {
-         this.geometryFactory = geometryFactory || new GeometryFactory();
-         this.precisionModel = this.geometryFactory.getPrecisionModel();
-         this.parser = new GeoJSONParser(this.geometryFactory);
-       };
-       /**
-        * Reads a GeoJSON representation of a {@link Geometry}
-        *
-        * Will also parse GeoJSON Features/FeatureCollections as custom objects.
-        *
-        * @param {Object|String} geoJson a GeoJSON Object or String.
-        * @return {Geometry|Object} a <code>Geometry or Feature/FeatureCollection representation.</code>
-        * @memberof GeoJSONReader
-        */
-       GeoJSONReader.prototype.read = function read (geoJson) {
-         var geometry = this.parser.read(geoJson);
 
-         if (this.precisionModel.getType() === PrecisionModel.FIXED) {
-           this.reducePrecision(geometry);
-         }
+             output = '';
 
-         return geometry
-       };
+             for (i = remainders.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+               output += encoding.charAt(remainders[i]);
+             }
+             /* Append leading zero equivalents */
 
-       // NOTE: this is a hack
-       GeoJSONReader.prototype.reducePrecision = function reducePrecision (geometry) {
-           var this$1 = this;
 
-         var i, len;
+             full_length = Math.ceil(input.length * 8 / (Math.log(encoding.length) / Math.log(2)));
 
-         if (geometry.coordinate) {
-           this.precisionModel.makePrecise(geometry.coordinate);
-         } else if (geometry.points) {
-           for (i = 0, len = geometry.points.length; i < len; i++) {
-             this$1.precisionModel.makePrecise(geometry.points[i]);
+             for (i = output.length; i < full_length; i += 1) {
+               output = encoding[0] + output;
+             }
+
+             return output;
            }
-         } else if (geometry.geometries) {
-           for (i = 0, len = geometry.geometries.length; i < len; i++) {
-             this$1.reducePrecision(geometry.geometries[i]);
+           /**
+            * Convert a raw string to a base-64 string
+            */
+
+
+           function rstr2b64(input, b64pad) {
+             var tab = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/',
+                 output = '',
+                 len = input.length,
+                 i,
+                 j,
+                 triplet;
+             b64pad = b64pad || '=';
+
+             for (i = 0; i < len; i += 3) {
+               triplet = input.charCodeAt(i) << 16 | (i + 1 < len ? input.charCodeAt(i + 1) << 8 : 0) | (i + 2 < len ? input.charCodeAt(i + 2) : 0);
+
+               for (j = 0; j < 4; j += 1) {
+                 if (i * 8 + j * 6 > input.length * 8) {
+                   output += b64pad;
+                 } else {
+                   output += tab.charAt(triplet >>> 6 * (3 - j) & 0x3F);
+                 }
+               }
+             }
+
+             return output;
            }
-         }
-       };
 
-       /**
-        * @module GeoJSONWriter
-        */
+           Hashes = {
+             /**
+              * @property {String} version
+              * @readonly
+              */
+             VERSION: '1.0.6',
 
-       /**
-        * Writes the GeoJSON representation of a {@link Geometry}. The
-        * The GeoJSON format is defined <A
-        * HREF="http://geojson.org/geojson-spec.html">here</A>.
-        */
+             /**
+              * @member Hashes
+              * @class Base64
+              * @constructor
+              */
+             Base64: function Base64() {
+               // private properties
+               var tab = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/',
+                   pad = '=',
+                   // URL encoding support @todo
+               utf8 = true; // by default enable UTF-8 support encoding
+               // public method for encoding
+
+               this.encode = function (input) {
+                 var i,
+                     j,
+                     triplet,
+                     output = '',
+                     len = input.length;
+                 pad = pad || '=';
+                 input = utf8 ? utf8Encode(input) : input;
+
+                 for (i = 0; i < len; i += 3) {
+                   triplet = input.charCodeAt(i) << 16 | (i + 1 < len ? input.charCodeAt(i + 1) << 8 : 0) | (i + 2 < len ? input.charCodeAt(i + 2) : 0);
+
+                   for (j = 0; j < 4; j += 1) {
+                     if (i * 8 + j * 6 > len * 8) {
+                       output += pad;
+                     } else {
+                       output += tab.charAt(triplet >>> 6 * (3 - j) & 0x3F);
+                     }
+                   }
+                 }
 
-       /**
-        * The <code>GeoJSONWriter</code> outputs coordinates rounded to the precision
-        * model. Only the maximum number of decimal places necessary to represent the
-        * ordinates to the required precision will be output.
-        *
-        * @param {GeometryFactory} geometryFactory
-        * @constructor
-        */
-       var GeoJSONWriter = function GeoJSONWriter () {
-         this.parser = new GeoJSONParser(this.geometryFactory);
-       };
-       /**
-        * Converts a <code>Geometry</code> to its GeoJSON representation.
-        *
-        * @param {Geometry}
-        *        geometry a <code>Geometry</code> to process.
-        * @return {Object} The GeoJSON representation of the Geometry.
-        * @memberof GeoJSONWriter
-        */
-       GeoJSONWriter.prototype.write = function write (geometry) {
-         return this.parser.write(geometry)
-       };
+                 return output;
+               }; // public method for decoding
+
+
+               this.decode = function (input) {
+                 // var b64 = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/=';
+                 var i,
+                     o1,
+                     o2,
+                     o3,
+                     h1,
+                     h2,
+                     h3,
+                     h4,
+                     bits,
+                     ac,
+                     dec = '',
+                     arr = [];
+
+                 if (!input) {
+                   return input;
+                 }
 
-       /* eslint-disable no-undef */
+                 i = ac = 0;
+                 input = input.replace(new RegExp('\\' + pad, 'gi'), ''); // use '='
+                 //input += '';
+
+                 do {
+                   // unpack four hexets into three octets using index points in b64
+                   h1 = tab.indexOf(input.charAt(i += 1));
+                   h2 = tab.indexOf(input.charAt(i += 1));
+                   h3 = tab.indexOf(input.charAt(i += 1));
+                   h4 = tab.indexOf(input.charAt(i += 1));
+                   bits = h1 << 18 | h2 << 12 | h3 << 6 | h4;
+                   o1 = bits >> 16 & 0xff;
+                   o2 = bits >> 8 & 0xff;
+                   o3 = bits & 0xff;
+                   ac += 1;
+
+                   if (h3 === 64) {
+                     arr[ac] = String.fromCharCode(o1);
+                   } else if (h4 === 64) {
+                     arr[ac] = String.fromCharCode(o1, o2);
+                   } else {
+                     arr[ac] = String.fromCharCode(o1, o2, o3);
+                   }
+                 } while (i < input.length);
 
-       // io
+                 dec = arr.join('');
+                 dec = utf8 ? utf8Decode(dec) : dec;
+                 return dec;
+               }; // set custom pad string
 
-       var Position = function Position () {};
 
-       var staticAccessors$20 = { ON: { configurable: true },LEFT: { configurable: true },RIGHT: { configurable: true } };
+               this.setPad = function (str) {
+                 pad = str || pad;
+                 return this;
+               }; // set custom tab string characters
 
-       Position.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       Position.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return Position
-       };
-       Position.opposite = function opposite (position) {
-         if (position === Position.LEFT) { return Position.RIGHT }
-         if (position === Position.RIGHT) { return Position.LEFT }
-         return position
-       };
-       staticAccessors$20.ON.get = function () { return 0 };
-       staticAccessors$20.LEFT.get = function () { return 1 };
-       staticAccessors$20.RIGHT.get = function () { return 2 };
 
-       Object.defineProperties( Position, staticAccessors$20 );
+               this.setTab = function (str) {
+                 tab = str || tab;
+                 return this;
+               };
 
-       /**
-        * @param {string=} message Optional message
-        * @extends {Error}
-        * @constructor
-        * @private
-        */
-       function EmptyStackException (message) {
-         this.message = message || '';
-       }
-       EmptyStackException.prototype = new Error();
+               this.setUTF8 = function (bool) {
+                 if (typeof bool === 'boolean') {
+                   utf8 = bool;
+                 }
 
-       /**
-        * @type {string}
-        */
-       EmptyStackException.prototype.name = 'EmptyStackException';
+                 return this;
+               };
+             },
 
-       /**
-        * @see http://download.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/util/Stack.html
-        *
-        * @extends {List}
-        * @constructor
-        * @private
-        */
-       function Stack () {
-         /**
-          * @type {Array}
-          * @private
-          */
-         this.array_ = [];
-       }
-       Stack.prototype = new List();
+             /**
+              * CRC-32 calculation
+              * @member Hashes
+              * @method CRC32
+              * @static
+              * @param {String} str Input String
+              * @return {String}
+              */
+             CRC32: function CRC32(str) {
+               var crc = 0,
+                   x = 0,
+                   y = 0,
+                   table,
+                   i,
+                   iTop;
+               str = utf8Encode(str);
+               table = ['00000000 77073096 EE0E612C 990951BA 076DC419 706AF48F E963A535 9E6495A3 0EDB8832 ', '79DCB8A4 E0D5E91E 97D2D988 09B64C2B 7EB17CBD E7B82D07 90BF1D91 1DB71064 6AB020F2 F3B97148 ', '84BE41DE 1ADAD47D 6DDDE4EB F4D4B551 83D385C7 136C9856 646BA8C0 FD62F97A 8A65C9EC 14015C4F ', '63066CD9 FA0F3D63 8D080DF5 3B6E20C8 4C69105E D56041E4 A2677172 3C03E4D1 4B04D447 D20D85FD ', 'A50AB56B 35B5A8FA 42B2986C DBBBC9D6 ACBCF940 32D86CE3 45DF5C75 DCD60DCF ABD13D59 26D930AC ', '51DE003A C8D75180 BFD06116 21B4F4B5 56B3C423 CFBA9599 B8BDA50F 2802B89E 5F058808 C60CD9B2 ', 'B10BE924 2F6F7C87 58684C11 C1611DAB B6662D3D 76DC4190 01DB7106 98D220BC EFD5102A 71B18589 ', '06B6B51F 9FBFE4A5 E8B8D433 7807C9A2 0F00F934 9609A88E E10E9818 7F6A0DBB 086D3D2D 91646C97 ', 'E6635C01 6B6B51F4 1C6C6162 856530D8 F262004E 6C0695ED 1B01A57B 8208F4C1 F50FC457 65B0D9C6 ', '12B7E950 8BBEB8EA FCB9887C 62DD1DDF 15DA2D49 8CD37CF3 FBD44C65 4DB26158 3AB551CE A3BC0074 ', 'D4BB30E2 4ADFA541 3DD895D7 A4D1C46D D3D6F4FB 4369E96A 346ED9FC AD678846 DA60B8D0 44042D73 ', '33031DE5 AA0A4C5F DD0D7CC9 5005713C 270241AA BE0B1010 C90C2086 5768B525 206F85B3 B966D409 ', 'CE61E49F 5EDEF90E 29D9C998 B0D09822 C7D7A8B4 59B33D17 2EB40D81 B7BD5C3B C0BA6CAD EDB88320 ', '9ABFB3B6 03B6E20C 74B1D29A EAD54739 9DD277AF 04DB2615 73DC1683 E3630B12 94643B84 0D6D6A3E ', '7A6A5AA8 E40ECF0B 9309FF9D 0A00AE27 7D079EB1 F00F9344 8708A3D2 1E01F268 6906C2FE F762575D ', '806567CB 196C3671 6E6B06E7 FED41B76 89D32BE0 10DA7A5A 67DD4ACC F9B9DF6F 8EBEEFF9 17B7BE43 ', '60B08ED5 D6D6A3E8 A1D1937E 38D8C2C4 4FDFF252 D1BB67F1 A6BC5767 3FB506DD 48B2364B D80D2BDA ', 'AF0A1B4C 36034AF6 41047A60 DF60EFC3 A867DF55 316E8EEF 4669BE79 CB61B38C BC66831A 256FD2A0 ', '5268E236 CC0C7795 BB0B4703 220216B9 5505262F C5BA3BBE B2BD0B28 2BB45A92 5CB36A04 C2D7FFA7 ', 'B5D0CF31 2CD99E8B 5BDEAE1D 9B64C2B0 EC63F226 756AA39C 026D930A 9C0906A9 EB0E363F 72076785 ', '05005713 95BF4A82 E2B87A14 7BB12BAE 0CB61B38 92D28E9B E5D5BE0D 7CDCEFB7 0BDBDF21 86D3D2D4 ', 'F1D4E242 68DDB3F8 1FDA836E 81BE16CD F6B9265B 6FB077E1 18B74777 88085AE6 FF0F6A70 66063BCA ', '11010B5C 8F659EFF F862AE69 616BFFD3 166CCF45 A00AE278 D70DD2EE 4E048354 3903B3C2 A7672661 ', 'D06016F7 4969474D 3E6E77DB AED16A4A D9D65ADC 40DF0B66 37D83BF0 A9BCAE53 DEBB9EC5 47B2CF7F ', '30B5FFE9 BDBDF21C CABAC28A 53B39330 24B4A3A6 BAD03605 CDD70693 54DE5729 23D967BF B3667A2E ', 'C4614AB8 5D681B02 2A6F2B94 B40BBE37 C30C8EA1 5A05DF1B 2D02EF8D'].join('');
+               crc = crc ^ -1;
+
+               for (i = 0, iTop = str.length; i < iTop; i += 1) {
+                 y = (crc ^ str.charCodeAt(i)) & 0xFF;
+                 x = '0x' + table.substr(y * 9, 8);
+                 crc = crc >>> 8 ^ x;
+               } // always return a positive number (that's what >>> 0 does)
+
+
+               return (crc ^ -1) >>> 0;
+             },
 
-       /**
-        * @override
-        */
-       Stack.prototype.add = function (e) {
-         this.array_.push(e);
-         return true
-       };
+             /**
+              * @member Hashes
+              * @class MD5
+              * @constructor
+              * @param {Object} [config]
+              *
+              * A JavaScript implementation of the RSA Data Security, Inc. MD5 Message
+              * Digest Algorithm, as defined in RFC 1321.
+              * Version 2.2 Copyright (C) Paul Johnston 1999 - 2009
+              * Other contributors: Greg Holt, Andrew Kepert, Ydnar, Lostinet
+              * See <http://pajhome.org.uk/crypt/md5> for more infHashes.
+              */
+             MD5: function MD5(options) {
+               /**
+                * Private config properties. You may need to tweak these to be compatible with
+                * the server-side, but the defaults work in most cases.
+                * See {@link Hashes.MD5#method-setUpperCase} and {@link Hashes.SHA1#method-setUpperCase}
+                */
+               var hexcase = options && typeof options.uppercase === 'boolean' ? options.uppercase : false,
+                   // hexadecimal output case format. false - lowercase; true - uppercase
+               b64pad = options && typeof options.pad === 'string' ? options.pad : '=',
+                   // base-64 pad character. Defaults to '=' for strict RFC compliance
+               utf8 = options && typeof options.utf8 === 'boolean' ? options.utf8 : true; // enable/disable utf8 encoding
+               // privileged (public) methods
+
+               this.hex = function (s) {
+                 return rstr2hex(rstr(s), hexcase);
+               };
 
-       /**
-        * @override
-        */
-       Stack.prototype.get = function (index) {
-         if (index < 0 || index >= this.size()) {
-           throw new Error()
-         }
+               this.b64 = function (s) {
+                 return rstr2b64(rstr(s), b64pad);
+               };
 
-         return this.array_[index]
-       };
+               this.any = function (s, e) {
+                 return rstr2any(rstr(s), e);
+               };
 
-       /**
-        * Pushes an item onto the top of this stack.
-        * @param {Object} e
-        * @return {Object}
-        */
-       Stack.prototype.push = function (e) {
-         this.array_.push(e);
-         return e
-       };
+               this.raw = function (s) {
+                 return rstr(s);
+               };
 
-       /**
-        * Pushes an item onto the top of this stack.
-        * @param {Object} e
-        * @return {Object}
-        */
-       Stack.prototype.pop = function (e) {
-         if (this.array_.length === 0) {
-           throw new EmptyStackException()
-         }
+               this.hex_hmac = function (k, d) {
+                 return rstr2hex(rstr_hmac(k, d), hexcase);
+               };
 
-         return this.array_.pop()
-       };
+               this.b64_hmac = function (k, d) {
+                 return rstr2b64(rstr_hmac(k, d), b64pad);
+               };
 
-       /**
-        * Looks at the object at the top of this stack without removing it from the
-        * stack.
-        * @return {Object}
-        */
-       Stack.prototype.peek = function () {
-         if (this.array_.length === 0) {
-           throw new EmptyStackException()
-         }
+               this.any_hmac = function (k, d, e) {
+                 return rstr2any(rstr_hmac(k, d), e);
+               };
+               /**
+                * Perform a simple self-test to see if the VM is working
+                * @return {String} Hexadecimal hash sample
+                */
 
-         return this.array_[this.array_.length - 1]
-       };
 
-       /**
-        * Tests if this stack is empty.
-        * @return {boolean} true if and only if this stack contains no items; false
-        *         otherwise.
-        */
-       Stack.prototype.empty = function () {
-         if (this.array_.length === 0) {
-           return true
-         } else {
-           return false
-         }
-       };
+               this.vm_test = function () {
+                 return hex('abc').toLowerCase() === '900150983cd24fb0d6963f7d28e17f72';
+               };
+               /**
+                * Enable/disable uppercase hexadecimal returned string
+                * @param {Boolean}
+                * @return {Object} this
+                */
 
-       /**
-        * @return {boolean}
-        */
-       Stack.prototype.isEmpty = function () {
-         return this.empty()
-       };
 
-       /**
-        * Returns the 1-based position where an object is on this stack. If the object
-        * o occurs as an item in this stack, this method returns the distance from the
-        * top of the stack of the occurrence nearest the top of the stack; the topmost
-        * item on the stack is considered to be at distance 1. The equals method is
-        * used to compare o to the items in this stack.
-        *
-        * NOTE: does not currently actually use equals. (=== is used)
-        *
-        * @param {Object} o
-        * @return {number} the 1-based position from the top of the stack where the
-        *         object is located; the return value -1 indicates that the object is
-        *         not on the stack.
-        */
-       Stack.prototype.search = function (o) {
-         return this.array_.indexOf(o)
-       };
+               this.setUpperCase = function (a) {
+                 if (typeof a === 'boolean') {
+                   hexcase = a;
+                 }
 
-       /**
-        * @return {number}
-        * @export
-        */
-       Stack.prototype.size = function () {
-         return this.array_.length
-       };
+                 return this;
+               };
+               /**
+                * Defines a base64 pad string
+                * @param {String} Pad
+                * @return {Object} this
+                */
 
-       /**
-        * @return {Array}
-        */
-       Stack.prototype.toArray = function () {
-         var this$1 = this;
 
-         var array = [];
+               this.setPad = function (a) {
+                 b64pad = a || b64pad;
+                 return this;
+               };
+               /**
+                * Defines a base64 pad string
+                * @param {Boolean}
+                * @return {Object} [this]
+                */
 
-         for (var i = 0, len = this.array_.length; i < len; i++) {
-           array.push(this$1.array_[i]);
-         }
 
-         return array
-       };
+               this.setUTF8 = function (a) {
+                 if (typeof a === 'boolean') {
+                   utf8 = a;
+                 }
 
-       var RightmostEdgeFinder = function RightmostEdgeFinder () {
-         this._minIndex = -1;
-         this._minCoord = null;
-         this._minDe = null;
-         this._orientedDe = null;
-       };
-       RightmostEdgeFinder.prototype.getCoordinate = function getCoordinate () {
-         return this._minCoord
-       };
-       RightmostEdgeFinder.prototype.getRightmostSide = function getRightmostSide (de, index) {
-         var side = this.getRightmostSideOfSegment(de, index);
-         if (side < 0) { side = this.getRightmostSideOfSegment(de, index - 1); }
-         if (side < 0) {
-           this._minCoord = null;
-           this.checkForRightmostCoordinate(de);
-         }
-         return side
-       };
-       RightmostEdgeFinder.prototype.findRightmostEdgeAtVertex = function findRightmostEdgeAtVertex () {
-         var pts = this._minDe.getEdge().getCoordinates();
-         Assert.isTrue(this._minIndex > 0 && this._minIndex < pts.length, 'rightmost point expected to be interior vertex of edge');
-         var pPrev = pts[this._minIndex - 1];
-         var pNext = pts[this._minIndex + 1];
-         var orientation = CGAlgorithms.computeOrientation(this._minCoord, pNext, pPrev);
-         var usePrev = false;
-         if (pPrev.y < this._minCoord.y && pNext.y < this._minCoord.y && orientation === CGAlgorithms.COUNTERCLOCKWISE) {
-           usePrev = true;
-         } else if (pPrev.y > this._minCoord.y && pNext.y > this._minCoord.y && orientation === CGAlgorithms.CLOCKWISE) {
-           usePrev = true;
-         }
-         if (usePrev) {
-           this._minIndex = this._minIndex - 1;
-         }
-       };
-       RightmostEdgeFinder.prototype.getRightmostSideOfSegment = function getRightmostSideOfSegment (de, i) {
-         var e = de.getEdge();
-         var coord = e.getCoordinates();
-         if (i < 0 || i + 1 >= coord.length) { return -1 }
-         if (coord[i].y === coord[i + 1].y) { return -1 }
-         var pos = Position.LEFT;
-         if (coord[i].y < coord[i + 1].y) { pos = Position.RIGHT; }
-         return pos
-       };
-       RightmostEdgeFinder.prototype.getEdge = function getEdge () {
-         return this._orientedDe
-       };
-       RightmostEdgeFinder.prototype.checkForRightmostCoordinate = function checkForRightmostCoordinate (de) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+                 return this;
+               }; // private methods
 
-         var coord = de.getEdge().getCoordinates();
-         for (var i = 0; i < coord.length - 1; i++) {
-           if (this$1._minCoord === null || coord[i].x > this$1._minCoord.x) {
-             this$1._minDe = de;
-             this$1._minIndex = i;
-             this$1._minCoord = coord[i];
-           }
-         }
-       };
-       RightmostEdgeFinder.prototype.findRightmostEdgeAtNode = function findRightmostEdgeAtNode () {
-         var node = this._minDe.getNode();
-         var star = node.getEdges();
-         this._minDe = star.getRightmostEdge();
-         if (!this._minDe.isForward()) {
-           this._minDe = this._minDe.getSym();
-           this._minIndex = this._minDe.getEdge().getCoordinates().length - 1;
-         }
-       };
-       RightmostEdgeFinder.prototype.findEdge = function findEdge (dirEdgeList) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+               /**
+                * Calculate the MD5 of a raw string
+                */
 
-         for (var i = dirEdgeList.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
-           var de = i.next();
-           if (!de.isForward()) { continue }
-           this$1.checkForRightmostCoordinate(de);
-         }
-         Assert.isTrue(this._minIndex !== 0 || this._minCoord.equals(this._minDe.getCoordinate()), 'inconsistency in rightmost processing');
-         if (this._minIndex === 0) {
-           this.findRightmostEdgeAtNode();
-         } else {
-           this.findRightmostEdgeAtVertex();
-         }
-         this._orientedDe = this._minDe;
-         var rightmostSide = this.getRightmostSide(this._minDe, this._minIndex);
-         if (rightmostSide === Position.LEFT) {
-           this._orientedDe = this._minDe.getSym();
-         }
-       };
-       RightmostEdgeFinder.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       RightmostEdgeFinder.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return RightmostEdgeFinder
-       };
 
-       var TopologyException = (function (RuntimeException$$1) {
-         function TopologyException (msg, pt) {
-           RuntimeException$$1.call(this, TopologyException.msgWithCoord(msg, pt));
-           this.pt = pt ? new Coordinate(pt) : null;
-           this.name = 'TopologyException';
-         }
+               function rstr(s) {
+                 s = utf8 ? utf8Encode(s) : s;
+                 return binl2rstr(binl(rstr2binl(s), s.length * 8));
+               }
+               /**
+                * Calculate the HMAC-MD5, of a key and some data (raw strings)
+                */
 
-         if ( RuntimeException$$1 ) TopologyException.__proto__ = RuntimeException$$1;
-         TopologyException.prototype = Object.create( RuntimeException$$1 && RuntimeException$$1.prototype );
-         TopologyException.prototype.constructor = TopologyException;
-         TopologyException.prototype.getCoordinate = function getCoordinate () {
-           return this.pt
-         };
-         TopologyException.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-           return []
-         };
-         TopologyException.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-           return TopologyException
-         };
-         TopologyException.msgWithCoord = function msgWithCoord (msg, pt) {
-           if (!pt) { return msg + ' [ ' + pt + ' ]' }
-           return msg
-         };
 
-         return TopologyException;
-       }(RuntimeException));
+               function rstr_hmac(key, data) {
+                 var bkey, ipad, opad, hash, i;
+                 key = utf8 ? utf8Encode(key) : key;
+                 data = utf8 ? utf8Encode(data) : data;
+                 bkey = rstr2binl(key);
 
-       var LinkedList = function LinkedList () {
-         this.array_ = [];
-       };
-       LinkedList.prototype.addLast = function addLast (e) {
-         this.array_.push(e);
-       };
-       LinkedList.prototype.removeFirst = function removeFirst () {
-         return this.array_.shift()
-       };
-       LinkedList.prototype.isEmpty = function isEmpty () {
-         return this.array_.length === 0
-       };
+                 if (bkey.length > 16) {
+                   bkey = binl(bkey, key.length * 8);
+                 }
 
-       var BufferSubgraph = function BufferSubgraph () {
-         this._finder = null;
-         this._dirEdgeList = new ArrayList();
-         this._nodes = new ArrayList();
-         this._rightMostCoord = null;
-         this._env = null;
-         this._finder = new RightmostEdgeFinder();
-       };
-       BufferSubgraph.prototype.clearVisitedEdges = function clearVisitedEdges () {
-         for (var it = this._dirEdgeList.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
-           var de = it.next();
-           de.setVisited(false);
-         }
-       };
-       BufferSubgraph.prototype.getRightmostCoordinate = function getRightmostCoordinate () {
-         return this._rightMostCoord
-       };
-       BufferSubgraph.prototype.computeNodeDepth = function computeNodeDepth (n) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+                 ipad = Array(16), opad = Array(16);
 
-         var startEdge = null;
-         for (var i = n.getEdges().iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
-           var de = i.next();
-           if (de.isVisited() || de.getSym().isVisited()) {
-             startEdge = de;
-             break
-           }
-         }
-         if (startEdge === null) { throw new TopologyException('unable to find edge to compute depths at ' + n.getCoordinate()) }
-         n.getEdges().computeDepths(startEdge);
-         for (var i$1 = n.getEdges().iterator(); i$1.hasNext();) {
-           var de$1 = i$1.next();
-           de$1.setVisited(true);
-           this$1.copySymDepths(de$1);
-         }
-       };
-       BufferSubgraph.prototype.computeDepth = function computeDepth (outsideDepth) {
-         this.clearVisitedEdges();
-         var de = this._finder.getEdge();
-         // const n = de.getNode()
-         // const label = de.getLabel()
-         de.setEdgeDepths(Position.RIGHT, outsideDepth);
-         this.copySymDepths(de);
-         this.computeDepths(de);
-       };
-       BufferSubgraph.prototype.create = function create (node) {
-         this.addReachable(node);
-         this._finder.findEdge(this._dirEdgeList);
-         this._rightMostCoord = this._finder.getCoordinate();
-       };
-       BufferSubgraph.prototype.findResultEdges = function findResultEdges () {
-         for (var it = this._dirEdgeList.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
-           var de = it.next();
-           if (de.getDepth(Position.RIGHT) >= 1 && de.getDepth(Position.LEFT) <= 0 && !de.isInteriorAreaEdge()) {
-             de.setInResult(true);
-           }
-         }
-       };
-       BufferSubgraph.prototype.computeDepths = function computeDepths (startEdge) {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-         var nodesVisited = new HashSet();
-         var nodeQueue = new LinkedList();
-         var startNode = startEdge.getNode();
-         nodeQueue.addLast(startNode);
-         nodesVisited.add(startNode);
-         startEdge.setVisited(true);
-         while (!nodeQueue.isEmpty()) {
-           var n = nodeQueue.removeFirst();
-           nodesVisited.add(n);
-           this$1.computeNodeDepth(n);
-           for (var i = n.getEdges().iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
-             var de = i.next();
-             var sym = de.getSym();
-             if (sym.isVisited()) { continue }
-             var adjNode = sym.getNode();
-             if (!nodesVisited.contains(adjNode)) {
-               nodeQueue.addLast(adjNode);
-               nodesVisited.add(adjNode);
-             }
-           }
-         }
-       };
-       BufferSubgraph.prototype.compareTo = function compareTo (o) {
-         var graph = o;
-         if (this._rightMostCoord.x < graph._rightMostCoord.x) {
-           return -1
-         }
-         if (this._rightMostCoord.x > graph._rightMostCoord.x) {
-           return 1
-         }
-         return 0
-       };
-       BufferSubgraph.prototype.getEnvelope = function getEnvelope () {
-         if (this._env === null) {
-           var edgeEnv = new Envelope();
-           for (var it = this._dirEdgeList.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
-             var dirEdge = it.next();
-             var pts = dirEdge.getEdge().getCoordinates();
-             for (var i = 0; i < pts.length - 1; i++) {
-               edgeEnv.expandToInclude(pts[i]);
-             }
-           }
-           this._env = edgeEnv;
-         }
-         return this._env
-       };
-       BufferSubgraph.prototype.addReachable = function addReachable (startNode) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+                 for (i = 0; i < 16; i += 1) {
+                   ipad[i] = bkey[i] ^ 0x36363636;
+                   opad[i] = bkey[i] ^ 0x5C5C5C5C;
+                 }
 
-         var nodeStack = new Stack();
-         nodeStack.add(startNode);
-         while (!nodeStack.empty()) {
-           var node = nodeStack.pop();
-           this$1.add(node, nodeStack);
-         }
-       };
-       BufferSubgraph.prototype.copySymDepths = function copySymDepths (de) {
-         var sym = de.getSym();
-         sym.setDepth(Position.LEFT, de.getDepth(Position.RIGHT));
-         sym.setDepth(Position.RIGHT, de.getDepth(Position.LEFT));
-       };
-       BufferSubgraph.prototype.add = function add (node, nodeStack) {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-         node.setVisited(true);
-         this._nodes.add(node);
-         for (var i = node.getEdges().iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
-           var de = i.next();
-           this$1._dirEdgeList.add(de);
-           var sym = de.getSym();
-           var symNode = sym.getNode();
-           if (!symNode.isVisited()) { nodeStack.push(symNode); }
-         }
-       };
-       BufferSubgraph.prototype.getNodes = function getNodes () {
-         return this._nodes
-       };
-       BufferSubgraph.prototype.getDirectedEdges = function getDirectedEdges () {
-         return this._dirEdgeList
-       };
-       BufferSubgraph.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [Comparable]
-       };
-       BufferSubgraph.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return BufferSubgraph
-       };
+                 hash = binl(ipad.concat(rstr2binl(data)), 512 + data.length * 8);
+                 return binl2rstr(binl(opad.concat(hash), 512 + 128));
+               }
+               /**
+                * Calculate the MD5 of an array of little-endian words, and a bit length.
+                */
+
+
+               function binl(x, len) {
+                 var i,
+                     olda,
+                     oldb,
+                     oldc,
+                     oldd,
+                     a = 1732584193,
+                     b = -271733879,
+                     c = -1732584194,
+                     d = 271733878;
+                 /* append padding */
+
+                 x[len >> 5] |= 0x80 << len % 32;
+                 x[(len + 64 >>> 9 << 4) + 14] = len;
+
+                 for (i = 0; i < x.length; i += 16) {
+                   olda = a;
+                   oldb = b;
+                   oldc = c;
+                   oldd = d;
+                   a = md5_ff(a, b, c, d, x[i + 0], 7, -680876936);
+                   d = md5_ff(d, a, b, c, x[i + 1], 12, -389564586);
+                   c = md5_ff(c, d, a, b, x[i + 2], 17, 606105819);
+                   b = md5_ff(b, c, d, a, x[i + 3], 22, -1044525330);
+                   a = md5_ff(a, b, c, d, x[i + 4], 7, -176418897);
+                   d = md5_ff(d, a, b, c, x[i + 5], 12, 1200080426);
+                   c = md5_ff(c, d, a, b, x[i + 6], 17, -1473231341);
+                   b = md5_ff(b, c, d, a, x[i + 7], 22, -45705983);
+                   a = md5_ff(a, b, c, d, x[i + 8], 7, 1770035416);
+                   d = md5_ff(d, a, b, c, x[i + 9], 12, -1958414417);
+                   c = md5_ff(c, d, a, b, x[i + 10], 17, -42063);
+                   b = md5_ff(b, c, d, a, x[i + 11], 22, -1990404162);
+                   a = md5_ff(a, b, c, d, x[i + 12], 7, 1804603682);
+                   d = md5_ff(d, a, b, c, x[i + 13], 12, -40341101);
+                   c = md5_ff(c, d, a, b, x[i + 14], 17, -1502002290);
+                   b = md5_ff(b, c, d, a, x[i + 15], 22, 1236535329);
+                   a = md5_gg(a, b, c, d, x[i + 1], 5, -165796510);
+                   d = md5_gg(d, a, b, c, x[i + 6], 9, -1069501632);
+                   c = md5_gg(c, d, a, b, x[i + 11], 14, 643717713);
+                   b = md5_gg(b, c, d, a, x[i + 0], 20, -373897302);
+                   a = md5_gg(a, b, c, d, x[i + 5], 5, -701558691);
+                   d = md5_gg(d, a, b, c, x[i + 10], 9, 38016083);
+                   c = md5_gg(c, d, a, b, x[i + 15], 14, -660478335);
+                   b = md5_gg(b, c, d, a, x[i + 4], 20, -405537848);
+                   a = md5_gg(a, b, c, d, x[i + 9], 5, 568446438);
+                   d = md5_gg(d, a, b, c, x[i + 14], 9, -1019803690);
+                   c = md5_gg(c, d, a, b, x[i + 3], 14, -187363961);
+                   b = md5_gg(b, c, d, a, x[i + 8], 20, 1163531501);
+                   a = md5_gg(a, b, c, d, x[i + 13], 5, -1444681467);
+                   d = md5_gg(d, a, b, c, x[i + 2], 9, -51403784);
+                   c = md5_gg(c, d, a, b, x[i + 7], 14, 1735328473);
+                   b = md5_gg(b, c, d, a, x[i + 12], 20, -1926607734);
+                   a = md5_hh(a, b, c, d, x[i + 5], 4, -378558);
+                   d = md5_hh(d, a, b, c, x[i + 8], 11, -2022574463);
+                   c = md5_hh(c, d, a, b, x[i + 11], 16, 1839030562);
+                   b = md5_hh(b, c, d, a, x[i + 14], 23, -35309556);
+                   a = md5_hh(a, b, c, d, x[i + 1], 4, -1530992060);
+                   d = md5_hh(d, a, b, c, x[i + 4], 11, 1272893353);
+                   c = md5_hh(c, d, a, b, x[i + 7], 16, -155497632);
+                   b = md5_hh(b, c, d, a, x[i + 10], 23, -1094730640);
+                   a = md5_hh(a, b, c, d, x[i + 13], 4, 681279174);
+                   d = md5_hh(d, a, b, c, x[i + 0], 11, -358537222);
+                   c = md5_hh(c, d, a, b, x[i + 3], 16, -722521979);
+                   b = md5_hh(b, c, d, a, x[i + 6], 23, 76029189);
+                   a = md5_hh(a, b, c, d, x[i + 9], 4, -640364487);
+                   d = md5_hh(d, a, b, c, x[i + 12], 11, -421815835);
+                   c = md5_hh(c, d, a, b, x[i + 15], 16, 530742520);
+                   b = md5_hh(b, c, d, a, x[i + 2], 23, -995338651);
+                   a = md5_ii(a, b, c, d, x[i + 0], 6, -198630844);
+                   d = md5_ii(d, a, b, c, x[i + 7], 10, 1126891415);
+                   c = md5_ii(c, d, a, b, x[i + 14], 15, -1416354905);
+                   b = md5_ii(b, c, d, a, x[i + 5], 21, -57434055);
+                   a = md5_ii(a, b, c, d, x[i + 12], 6, 1700485571);
+                   d = md5_ii(d, a, b, c, x[i + 3], 10, -1894986606);
+                   c = md5_ii(c, d, a, b, x[i + 10], 15, -1051523);
+                   b = md5_ii(b, c, d, a, x[i + 1], 21, -2054922799);
+                   a = md5_ii(a, b, c, d, x[i + 8], 6, 1873313359);
+                   d = md5_ii(d, a, b, c, x[i + 15], 10, -30611744);
+                   c = md5_ii(c, d, a, b, x[i + 6], 15, -1560198380);
+                   b = md5_ii(b, c, d, a, x[i + 13], 21, 1309151649);
+                   a = md5_ii(a, b, c, d, x[i + 4], 6, -145523070);
+                   d = md5_ii(d, a, b, c, x[i + 11], 10, -1120210379);
+                   c = md5_ii(c, d, a, b, x[i + 2], 15, 718787259);
+                   b = md5_ii(b, c, d, a, x[i + 9], 21, -343485551);
+                   a = safe_add(a, olda);
+                   b = safe_add(b, oldb);
+                   c = safe_add(c, oldc);
+                   d = safe_add(d, oldd);
+                 }
 
-       var TopologyLocation = function TopologyLocation () {
-         var this$1 = this;
+                 return Array(a, b, c, d);
+               }
+               /**
+                * These functions implement the four basic operations the algorithm uses.
+                */
 
-         this.location = null;
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           if (arguments[0] instanceof Array) {
-             var location = arguments[0];
-             this.init(location.length);
-           } else if (Number.isInteger(arguments[0])) {
-             var on = arguments[0];
-             this.init(1);
-             this.location[Position.ON] = on;
-           } else if (arguments[0] instanceof TopologyLocation) {
-             var gl = arguments[0];
-             this.init(gl.location.length);
-             if (gl !== null) {
-               for (var i = 0; i < this.location.length; i++) {
-                 this$1.location[i] = gl.location[i];
-               }
-             }
-           }
-         } else if (arguments.length === 3) {
-           var on$1 = arguments[0];
-           var left = arguments[1];
-           var right = arguments[2];
-           this.init(3);
-           this.location[Position.ON] = on$1;
-           this.location[Position.LEFT] = left;
-           this.location[Position.RIGHT] = right;
-         }
-       };
-       TopologyLocation.prototype.setAllLocations = function setAllLocations (locValue) {
-           var this$1 = this;
 
-         for (var i = 0; i < this.location.length; i++) {
-           this$1.location[i] = locValue;
-         }
-       };
-       TopologyLocation.prototype.isNull = function isNull () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+               function md5_cmn(q, a, b, x, s, t) {
+                 return safe_add(bit_rol(safe_add(safe_add(a, q), safe_add(x, t)), s), b);
+               }
 
-         for (var i = 0; i < this.location.length; i++) {
-           if (this$1.location[i] !== Location.NONE) { return false }
-         }
-         return true
-       };
-       TopologyLocation.prototype.setAllLocationsIfNull = function setAllLocationsIfNull (locValue) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+               function md5_ff(a, b, c, d, x, s, t) {
+                 return md5_cmn(b & c | ~b & d, a, b, x, s, t);
+               }
 
-         for (var i = 0; i < this.location.length; i++) {
-           if (this$1.location[i] === Location.NONE) { this$1.location[i] = locValue; }
-         }
-       };
-       TopologyLocation.prototype.isLine = function isLine () {
-         return this.location.length === 1
-       };
-       TopologyLocation.prototype.merge = function merge (gl) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+               function md5_gg(a, b, c, d, x, s, t) {
+                 return md5_cmn(b & d | c & ~d, a, b, x, s, t);
+               }
 
-         if (gl.location.length > this.location.length) {
-           var newLoc = new Array(3).fill(null);
-           newLoc[Position.ON] = this.location[Position.ON];
-           newLoc[Position.LEFT] = Location.NONE;
-           newLoc[Position.RIGHT] = Location.NONE;
-           this.location = newLoc;
-         }
-         for (var i = 0; i < this.location.length; i++) {
-           if (this$1.location[i] === Location.NONE && i < gl.location.length) { this$1.location[i] = gl.location[i]; }
-         }
-       };
-       TopologyLocation.prototype.getLocations = function getLocations () {
-         return this.location
-       };
-       TopologyLocation.prototype.flip = function flip () {
-         if (this.location.length <= 1) { return null }
-         var temp = this.location[Position.LEFT];
-         this.location[Position.LEFT] = this.location[Position.RIGHT];
-         this.location[Position.RIGHT] = temp;
-       };
-       TopologyLocation.prototype.toString = function toString () {
-         var buf = new StringBuffer();
-         if (this.location.length > 1) { buf.append(Location.toLocationSymbol(this.location[Position.LEFT])); }
-         buf.append(Location.toLocationSymbol(this.location[Position.ON]));
-         if (this.location.length > 1) { buf.append(Location.toLocationSymbol(this.location[Position.RIGHT])); }
-         return buf.toString()
-       };
-       TopologyLocation.prototype.setLocations = function setLocations (on, left, right) {
-         this.location[Position.ON] = on;
-         this.location[Position.LEFT] = left;
-         this.location[Position.RIGHT] = right;
-       };
-       TopologyLocation.prototype.get = function get (posIndex) {
-         if (posIndex < this.location.length) { return this.location[posIndex] }
-         return Location.NONE
-       };
-       TopologyLocation.prototype.isArea = function isArea () {
-         return this.location.length > 1
-       };
-       TopologyLocation.prototype.isAnyNull = function isAnyNull () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+               function md5_hh(a, b, c, d, x, s, t) {
+                 return md5_cmn(b ^ c ^ d, a, b, x, s, t);
+               }
 
-         for (var i = 0; i < this.location.length; i++) {
-           if (this$1.location[i] === Location.NONE) { return true }
-         }
-         return false
-       };
-       TopologyLocation.prototype.setLocation = function setLocation () {
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var locValue = arguments[0];
-           this.setLocation(Position.ON, locValue);
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var locIndex = arguments[0];
-           var locValue$1 = arguments[1];
-           this.location[locIndex] = locValue$1;
-         }
-       };
-       TopologyLocation.prototype.init = function init (size) {
-         this.location = new Array(size).fill(null);
-         this.setAllLocations(Location.NONE);
-       };
-       TopologyLocation.prototype.isEqualOnSide = function isEqualOnSide (le, locIndex) {
-         return this.location[locIndex] === le.location[locIndex]
-       };
-       TopologyLocation.prototype.allPositionsEqual = function allPositionsEqual (loc) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+               function md5_ii(a, b, c, d, x, s, t) {
+                 return md5_cmn(c ^ (b | ~d), a, b, x, s, t);
+               }
+             },
 
-         for (var i = 0; i < this.location.length; i++) {
-           if (this$1.location[i] !== loc) { return false }
-         }
-         return true
-       };
-       TopologyLocation.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       TopologyLocation.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return TopologyLocation
-       };
+             /**
+              * @member Hashes
+              * @class Hashes.SHA1
+              * @param {Object} [config]
+              * @constructor
+              *
+              * A JavaScript implementation of the Secure Hash Algorithm, SHA-1, as defined in FIPS 180-1
+              * Version 2.2 Copyright Paul Johnston 2000 - 2009.
+              * Other contributors: Greg Holt, Andrew Kepert, Ydnar, Lostinet
+              * See http://pajhome.org.uk/crypt/md5 for details.
+              */
+             SHA1: function SHA1(options) {
+               /**
+                * Private config properties. You may need to tweak these to be compatible with
+                * the server-side, but the defaults work in most cases.
+                * See {@link Hashes.MD5#method-setUpperCase} and {@link Hashes.SHA1#method-setUpperCase}
+                */
+               var hexcase = options && typeof options.uppercase === 'boolean' ? options.uppercase : false,
+                   // hexadecimal output case format. false - lowercase; true - uppercase
+               b64pad = options && typeof options.pad === 'string' ? options.pad : '=',
+                   // base-64 pad character. Defaults to '=' for strict RFC compliance
+               utf8 = options && typeof options.utf8 === 'boolean' ? options.utf8 : true; // enable/disable utf8 encoding
+               // public methods
+
+               this.hex = function (s) {
+                 return rstr2hex(rstr(s), hexcase);
+               };
 
-       var Label = function Label () {
-         this.elt = new Array(2).fill(null);
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           if (Number.isInteger(arguments[0])) {
-             var onLoc = arguments[0];
-             this.elt[0] = new TopologyLocation(onLoc);
-             this.elt[1] = new TopologyLocation(onLoc);
-           } else if (arguments[0] instanceof Label) {
-             var lbl = arguments[0];
-             this.elt[0] = new TopologyLocation(lbl.elt[0]);
-             this.elt[1] = new TopologyLocation(lbl.elt[1]);
-           }
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var geomIndex = arguments[0];
-           var onLoc$1 = arguments[1];
-           this.elt[0] = new TopologyLocation(Location.NONE);
-           this.elt[1] = new TopologyLocation(Location.NONE);
-           this.elt[geomIndex].setLocation(onLoc$1);
-         } else if (arguments.length === 3) {
-           var onLoc$2 = arguments[0];
-           var leftLoc = arguments[1];
-           var rightLoc = arguments[2];
-           this.elt[0] = new TopologyLocation(onLoc$2, leftLoc, rightLoc);
-           this.elt[1] = new TopologyLocation(onLoc$2, leftLoc, rightLoc);
-         } else if (arguments.length === 4) {
-           var geomIndex$1 = arguments[0];
-           var onLoc$3 = arguments[1];
-           var leftLoc$1 = arguments[2];
-           var rightLoc$1 = arguments[3];
-           this.elt[0] = new TopologyLocation(Location.NONE, Location.NONE, Location.NONE);
-           this.elt[1] = new TopologyLocation(Location.NONE, Location.NONE, Location.NONE);
-           this.elt[geomIndex$1].setLocations(onLoc$3, leftLoc$1, rightLoc$1);
-         }
-       };
-       Label.prototype.getGeometryCount = function getGeometryCount () {
-         var count = 0;
-         if (!this.elt[0].isNull()) { count++; }
-         if (!this.elt[1].isNull()) { count++; }
-         return count
-       };
-       Label.prototype.setAllLocations = function setAllLocations (geomIndex, location) {
-         this.elt[geomIndex].setAllLocations(location);
-       };
-       Label.prototype.isNull = function isNull (geomIndex) {
-         return this.elt[geomIndex].isNull()
-       };
-       Label.prototype.setAllLocationsIfNull = function setAllLocationsIfNull () {
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var location = arguments[0];
-           this.setAllLocationsIfNull(0, location);
-           this.setAllLocationsIfNull(1, location);
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var geomIndex = arguments[0];
-           var location$1 = arguments[1];
-           this.elt[geomIndex].setAllLocationsIfNull(location$1);
-         }
-       };
-       Label.prototype.isLine = function isLine (geomIndex) {
-         return this.elt[geomIndex].isLine()
-       };
-       Label.prototype.merge = function merge (lbl) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+               this.b64 = function (s) {
+                 return rstr2b64(rstr(s), b64pad);
+               };
 
-         for (var i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
-           if (this$1.elt[i] === null && lbl.elt[i] !== null) {
-             this$1.elt[i] = new TopologyLocation(lbl.elt[i]);
-           } else {
-             this$1.elt[i].merge(lbl.elt[i]);
-           }
-         }
-       };
-       Label.prototype.flip = function flip () {
-         this.elt[0].flip();
-         this.elt[1].flip();
-       };
-       Label.prototype.getLocation = function getLocation () {
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var geomIndex = arguments[0];
-           return this.elt[geomIndex].get(Position.ON)
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var geomIndex$1 = arguments[0];
-           var posIndex = arguments[1];
-           return this.elt[geomIndex$1].get(posIndex)
-         }
-       };
-       Label.prototype.toString = function toString () {
-         var buf = new StringBuffer();
-         if (this.elt[0] !== null) {
-           buf.append('A:');
-           buf.append(this.elt[0].toString());
-         }
-         if (this.elt[1] !== null) {
-           buf.append(' B:');
-           buf.append(this.elt[1].toString());
-         }
-         return buf.toString()
-       };
-       Label.prototype.isArea = function isArea () {
-         if (arguments.length === 0) {
-           return this.elt[0].isArea() || this.elt[1].isArea()
-         } else if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var geomIndex = arguments[0];
-           return this.elt[geomIndex].isArea()
-         }
-       };
-       Label.prototype.isAnyNull = function isAnyNull (geomIndex) {
-         return this.elt[geomIndex].isAnyNull()
-       };
-       Label.prototype.setLocation = function setLocation () {
-         if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var geomIndex = arguments[0];
-           var location = arguments[1];
-           this.elt[geomIndex].setLocation(Position.ON, location);
-         } else if (arguments.length === 3) {
-           var geomIndex$1 = arguments[0];
-           var posIndex = arguments[1];
-           var location$1 = arguments[2];
-           this.elt[geomIndex$1].setLocation(posIndex, location$1);
-         }
-       };
-       Label.prototype.isEqualOnSide = function isEqualOnSide (lbl, side) {
-         return this.elt[0].isEqualOnSide(lbl.elt[0], side) && this.elt[1].isEqualOnSide(lbl.elt[1], side)
-       };
-       Label.prototype.allPositionsEqual = function allPositionsEqual (geomIndex, loc) {
-         return this.elt[geomIndex].allPositionsEqual(loc)
-       };
-       Label.prototype.toLine = function toLine (geomIndex) {
-         if (this.elt[geomIndex].isArea()) { this.elt[geomIndex] = new TopologyLocation(this.elt[geomIndex].location[0]); }
-       };
-       Label.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       Label.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return Label
-       };
-       Label.toLineLabel = function toLineLabel (label) {
-         var lineLabel = new Label(Location.NONE);
-         for (var i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
-           lineLabel.setLocation(i, label.getLocation(i));
-         }
-         return lineLabel
-       };
+               this.any = function (s, e) {
+                 return rstr2any(rstr(s), e);
+               };
 
-       var EdgeRing = function EdgeRing () {
-         this._startDe = null;
-         this._maxNodeDegree = -1;
-         this._edges = new ArrayList();
-         this._pts = new ArrayList();
-         this._label = new Label(Location.NONE);
-         this._ring = null;
-         this._isHole = null;
-         this._shell = null;
-         this._holes = new ArrayList();
-         this._geometryFactory = null;
-         var start = arguments[0];
-         var geometryFactory = arguments[1];
-         this._geometryFactory = geometryFactory;
-         this.computePoints(start);
-         this.computeRing();
-       };
-       EdgeRing.prototype.computeRing = function computeRing () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+               this.raw = function (s) {
+                 return rstr(s);
+               };
 
-         if (this._ring !== null) { return null }
-         var coord = new Array(this._pts.size()).fill(null);
-         for (var i = 0; i < this._pts.size(); i++) {
-           coord[i] = this$1._pts.get(i);
-         }
-         this._ring = this._geometryFactory.createLinearRing(coord);
-         this._isHole = CGAlgorithms.isCCW(this._ring.getCoordinates());
-       };
-       EdgeRing.prototype.isIsolated = function isIsolated () {
-         return this._label.getGeometryCount() === 1
-       };
-       EdgeRing.prototype.computePoints = function computePoints (start) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+               this.hex_hmac = function (k, d) {
+                 return rstr2hex(rstr_hmac(k, d));
+               };
 
-         this._startDe = start;
-         var de = start;
-         var isFirstEdge = true;
-         do {
-           if (de === null) { throw new TopologyException('Found null DirectedEdge') }
-           if (de.getEdgeRing() === this$1) { throw new TopologyException('Directed Edge visited twice during ring-building at ' + de.getCoordinate()) }
-           this$1._edges.add(de);
-           var label = de.getLabel();
-           Assert.isTrue(label.isArea());
-           this$1.mergeLabel(label);
-           this$1.addPoints(de.getEdge(), de.isForward(), isFirstEdge);
-           isFirstEdge = false;
-           this$1.setEdgeRing(de, this$1);
-           de = this$1.getNext(de);
-         } while (de !== this._startDe)
-       };
-       EdgeRing.prototype.getLinearRing = function getLinearRing () {
-         return this._ring
-       };
-       EdgeRing.prototype.getCoordinate = function getCoordinate (i) {
-         return this._pts.get(i)
-       };
-       EdgeRing.prototype.computeMaxNodeDegree = function computeMaxNodeDegree () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+               this.b64_hmac = function (k, d) {
+                 return rstr2b64(rstr_hmac(k, d), b64pad);
+               };
 
-         this._maxNodeDegree = 0;
-         var de = this._startDe;
-         do {
-           var node = de.getNode();
-           var degree = node.getEdges().getOutgoingDegree(this$1);
-           if (degree > this$1._maxNodeDegree) { this$1._maxNodeDegree = degree; }
-           de = this$1.getNext(de);
-         } while (de !== this._startDe)
-         this._maxNodeDegree *= 2;
-       };
-       EdgeRing.prototype.addPoints = function addPoints (edge, isForward, isFirstEdge) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+               this.any_hmac = function (k, d, e) {
+                 return rstr2any(rstr_hmac(k, d), e);
+               };
+               /**
+                * Perform a simple self-test to see if the VM is working
+                * @return {String} Hexadecimal hash sample
+                * @public
+                */
 
-         var edgePts = edge.getCoordinates();
-         if (isForward) {
-           var startIndex = 1;
-           if (isFirstEdge) { startIndex = 0; }
-           for (var i = startIndex; i < edgePts.length; i++) {
-             this$1._pts.add(edgePts[i]);
-           }
-         } else {
-           var startIndex$1 = edgePts.length - 2;
-           if (isFirstEdge) { startIndex$1 = edgePts.length - 1; }
-           for (var i$1 = startIndex$1; i$1 >= 0; i$1--) {
-             this$1._pts.add(edgePts[i$1]);
-           }
-         }
-       };
-       EdgeRing.prototype.isHole = function isHole () {
-         return this._isHole
-       };
-       EdgeRing.prototype.setInResult = function setInResult () {
-         var de = this._startDe;
-         do {
-           de.getEdge().setInResult(true);
-           de = de.getNext();
-         } while (de !== this._startDe)
-       };
-       EdgeRing.prototype.containsPoint = function containsPoint (p) {
-         var shell = this.getLinearRing();
-         var env = shell.getEnvelopeInternal();
-         if (!env.contains(p)) { return false }
-         if (!CGAlgorithms.isPointInRing(p, shell.getCoordinates())) { return false }
-         for (var i = this._holes.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
-           var hole = i.next();
-           if (hole.containsPoint(p)) { return false }
-         }
-         return true
-       };
-       EdgeRing.prototype.addHole = function addHole (ring) {
-         this._holes.add(ring);
-       };
-       EdgeRing.prototype.isShell = function isShell () {
-         return this._shell === null
-       };
-       EdgeRing.prototype.getLabel = function getLabel () {
-         return this._label
-       };
-       EdgeRing.prototype.getEdges = function getEdges () {
-         return this._edges
-       };
-       EdgeRing.prototype.getMaxNodeDegree = function getMaxNodeDegree () {
-         if (this._maxNodeDegree < 0) { this.computeMaxNodeDegree(); }
-         return this._maxNodeDegree
-       };
-       EdgeRing.prototype.getShell = function getShell () {
-         return this._shell
-       };
-       EdgeRing.prototype.mergeLabel = function mergeLabel () {
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var deLabel = arguments[0];
-           this.mergeLabel(deLabel, 0);
-           this.mergeLabel(deLabel, 1);
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var deLabel$1 = arguments[0];
-           var geomIndex = arguments[1];
-           var loc = deLabel$1.getLocation(geomIndex, Position.RIGHT);
-           if (loc === Location.NONE) { return null }
-           if (this._label.getLocation(geomIndex) === Location.NONE) {
-             this._label.setLocation(geomIndex, loc);
-             return null
-           }
-         }
-       };
-       EdgeRing.prototype.setShell = function setShell (shell) {
-         this._shell = shell;
-         if (shell !== null) { shell.addHole(this); }
-       };
-       EdgeRing.prototype.toPolygon = function toPolygon (geometryFactory) {
-           var this$1 = this;
 
-         var holeLR = new Array(this._holes.size()).fill(null);
-         for (var i = 0; i < this._holes.size(); i++) {
-           holeLR[i] = this$1._holes.get(i).getLinearRing();
-         }
-         var poly = geometryFactory.createPolygon(this.getLinearRing(), holeLR);
-         return poly
-       };
-       EdgeRing.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       EdgeRing.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return EdgeRing
-       };
+               this.vm_test = function () {
+                 return hex('abc').toLowerCase() === '900150983cd24fb0d6963f7d28e17f72';
+               };
+               /**
+                * @description Enable/disable uppercase hexadecimal returned string
+                * @param {boolean}
+                * @return {Object} this
+                * @public
+                */
 
-       var MinimalEdgeRing = (function (EdgeRing$$1) {
-         function MinimalEdgeRing () {
-           var start = arguments[0];
-           var geometryFactory = arguments[1];
-           EdgeRing$$1.call(this, start, geometryFactory);
-         }
 
-         if ( EdgeRing$$1 ) MinimalEdgeRing.__proto__ = EdgeRing$$1;
-         MinimalEdgeRing.prototype = Object.create( EdgeRing$$1 && EdgeRing$$1.prototype );
-         MinimalEdgeRing.prototype.constructor = MinimalEdgeRing;
-         MinimalEdgeRing.prototype.setEdgeRing = function setEdgeRing (de, er) {
-           de.setMinEdgeRing(er);
-         };
-         MinimalEdgeRing.prototype.getNext = function getNext (de) {
-           return de.getNextMin()
-         };
-         MinimalEdgeRing.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-           return []
-         };
-         MinimalEdgeRing.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-           return MinimalEdgeRing
-         };
+               this.setUpperCase = function (a) {
+                 if (typeof a === 'boolean') {
+                   hexcase = a;
+                 }
 
-         return MinimalEdgeRing;
-       }(EdgeRing));
+                 return this;
+               };
+               /**
+                * @description Defines a base64 pad string
+                * @param {string} Pad
+                * @return {Object} this
+                * @public
+                */
 
-       var MaximalEdgeRing = (function (EdgeRing$$1) {
-         function MaximalEdgeRing () {
-           var start = arguments[0];
-           var geometryFactory = arguments[1];
-           EdgeRing$$1.call(this, start, geometryFactory);
-         }
 
-         if ( EdgeRing$$1 ) MaximalEdgeRing.__proto__ = EdgeRing$$1;
-         MaximalEdgeRing.prototype = Object.create( EdgeRing$$1 && EdgeRing$$1.prototype );
-         MaximalEdgeRing.prototype.constructor = MaximalEdgeRing;
-         MaximalEdgeRing.prototype.buildMinimalRings = function buildMinimalRings () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+               this.setPad = function (a) {
+                 b64pad = a || b64pad;
+                 return this;
+               };
+               /**
+                * @description Defines a base64 pad string
+                * @param {boolean}
+                * @return {Object} this
+                * @public
+                */
 
-           var minEdgeRings = new ArrayList();
-           var de = this._startDe;
-           do {
-             if (de.getMinEdgeRing() === null) {
-               var minEr = new MinimalEdgeRing(de, this$1._geometryFactory);
-               minEdgeRings.add(minEr);
-             }
-             de = de.getNext();
-           } while (de !== this._startDe)
-           return minEdgeRings
-         };
-         MaximalEdgeRing.prototype.setEdgeRing = function setEdgeRing (de, er) {
-           de.setEdgeRing(er);
-         };
-         MaximalEdgeRing.prototype.linkDirectedEdgesForMinimalEdgeRings = function linkDirectedEdgesForMinimalEdgeRings () {
-           var this$1 = this;
 
-           var de = this._startDe;
-           do {
-             var node = de.getNode();
-             node.getEdges().linkMinimalDirectedEdges(this$1);
-             de = de.getNext();
-           } while (de !== this._startDe)
-         };
-         MaximalEdgeRing.prototype.getNext = function getNext (de) {
-           return de.getNext()
-         };
-         MaximalEdgeRing.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-           return []
-         };
-         MaximalEdgeRing.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-           return MaximalEdgeRing
-         };
+               this.setUTF8 = function (a) {
+                 if (typeof a === 'boolean') {
+                   utf8 = a;
+                 }
 
-         return MaximalEdgeRing;
-       }(EdgeRing));
+                 return this;
+               }; // private methods
 
-       var GraphComponent = function GraphComponent () {
-         this._label = null;
-         this._isInResult = false;
-         this._isCovered = false;
-         this._isCoveredSet = false;
-         this._isVisited = false;
-         if (arguments.length === 0) ; else if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var label = arguments[0];
-           this._label = label;
-         }
-       };
-       GraphComponent.prototype.setVisited = function setVisited (isVisited) {
-         this._isVisited = isVisited;
-       };
-       GraphComponent.prototype.setInResult = function setInResult (isInResult) {
-         this._isInResult = isInResult;
-       };
-       GraphComponent.prototype.isCovered = function isCovered () {
-         return this._isCovered
-       };
-       GraphComponent.prototype.isCoveredSet = function isCoveredSet () {
-         return this._isCoveredSet
-       };
-       GraphComponent.prototype.setLabel = function setLabel (label) {
-         this._label = label;
-       };
-       GraphComponent.prototype.getLabel = function getLabel () {
-         return this._label
-       };
-       GraphComponent.prototype.setCovered = function setCovered (isCovered) {
-         this._isCovered = isCovered;
-         this._isCoveredSet = true;
-       };
-       GraphComponent.prototype.updateIM = function updateIM (im) {
-         Assert.isTrue(this._label.getGeometryCount() >= 2, 'found partial label');
-         this.computeIM(im);
-       };
-       GraphComponent.prototype.isInResult = function isInResult () {
-         return this._isInResult
-       };
-       GraphComponent.prototype.isVisited = function isVisited () {
-         return this._isVisited
-       };
-       GraphComponent.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       GraphComponent.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return GraphComponent
-       };
+               /**
+                * Calculate the SHA-512 of a raw string
+                */
 
-       var Node$1 = (function (GraphComponent$$1) {
-         function Node () {
-           GraphComponent$$1.call(this);
-           this._coord = null;
-           this._edges = null;
-           var coord = arguments[0];
-           var edges = arguments[1];
-           this._coord = coord;
-           this._edges = edges;
-           this._label = new Label(0, Location.NONE);
-         }
-
-         if ( GraphComponent$$1 ) Node.__proto__ = GraphComponent$$1;
-         Node.prototype = Object.create( GraphComponent$$1 && GraphComponent$$1.prototype );
-         Node.prototype.constructor = Node;
-         Node.prototype.isIncidentEdgeInResult = function isIncidentEdgeInResult () {
-           for (var it = this.getEdges().getEdges().iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
-             var de = it.next();
-             if (de.getEdge().isInResult()) { return true }
-           }
-           return false
-         };
-         Node.prototype.isIsolated = function isIsolated () {
-           return this._label.getGeometryCount() === 1
-         };
-         Node.prototype.getCoordinate = function getCoordinate () {
-           return this._coord
-         };
-         Node.prototype.print = function print (out) {
-           out.println('node ' + this._coord + ' lbl: ' + this._label);
-         };
-         Node.prototype.computeIM = function computeIM (im) {};
-         Node.prototype.computeMergedLocation = function computeMergedLocation (label2, eltIndex) {
-           var loc = Location.NONE;
-           loc = this._label.getLocation(eltIndex);
-           if (!label2.isNull(eltIndex)) {
-             var nLoc = label2.getLocation(eltIndex);
-             if (loc !== Location.BOUNDARY) { loc = nLoc; }
-           }
-           return loc
-         };
-         Node.prototype.setLabel = function setLabel () {
-           if (arguments.length === 2) {
-             var argIndex = arguments[0];
-             var onLocation = arguments[1];
-             if (this._label === null) {
-               this._label = new Label(argIndex, onLocation);
-             } else { this._label.setLocation(argIndex, onLocation); }
-           } else { return GraphComponent$$1.prototype.setLabel.apply(this, arguments) }
-         };
-         Node.prototype.getEdges = function getEdges () {
-           return this._edges
-         };
-         Node.prototype.mergeLabel = function mergeLabel () {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-           if (arguments[0] instanceof Node) {
-             var n = arguments[0];
-             this.mergeLabel(n._label);
-           } else if (arguments[0] instanceof Label) {
-             var label2 = arguments[0];
-             for (var i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
-               var loc = this$1.computeMergedLocation(label2, i);
-               var thisLoc = this$1._label.getLocation(i);
-               if (thisLoc === Location.NONE) { this$1._label.setLocation(i, loc); }
-             }
-           }
-         };
-         Node.prototype.add = function add (e) {
-           this._edges.insert(e);
-           e.setNode(this);
-         };
-         Node.prototype.setLabelBoundary = function setLabelBoundary (argIndex) {
-           if (this._label === null) { return null }
-           var loc = Location.NONE;
-           if (this._label !== null) { loc = this._label.getLocation(argIndex); }
-           var newLoc = null;
-           switch (loc) {
-             case Location.BOUNDARY:
-               newLoc = Location.INTERIOR;
-               break
-             case Location.INTERIOR:
-               newLoc = Location.BOUNDARY;
-               break
-             default:
-               newLoc = Location.BOUNDARY;
-               break
-           }
-           this._label.setLocation(argIndex, newLoc);
-         };
-         Node.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-           return []
-         };
-         Node.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-           return Node
-         };
 
-         return Node;
-       }(GraphComponent));
+               function rstr(s) {
+                 s = utf8 ? utf8Encode(s) : s;
+                 return binb2rstr(binb(rstr2binb(s), s.length * 8));
+               }
+               /**
+                * Calculate the HMAC-SHA1 of a key and some data (raw strings)
+                */
 
-       var NodeMap = function NodeMap () {
-         this.nodeMap = new TreeMap();
-         this.nodeFact = null;
-         var nodeFact = arguments[0];
-         this.nodeFact = nodeFact;
-       };
-       NodeMap.prototype.find = function find (coord) {
-         return this.nodeMap.get(coord)
-       };
-       NodeMap.prototype.addNode = function addNode () {
-         if (arguments[0] instanceof Coordinate) {
-           var coord = arguments[0];
-           var node = this.nodeMap.get(coord);
-           if (node === null) {
-             node = this.nodeFact.createNode(coord);
-             this.nodeMap.put(coord, node);
-           }
-           return node
-         } else if (arguments[0] instanceof Node$1) {
-           var n = arguments[0];
-           var node$1 = this.nodeMap.get(n.getCoordinate());
-           if (node$1 === null) {
-             this.nodeMap.put(n.getCoordinate(), n);
-             return n
-           }
-           node$1.mergeLabel(n);
-           return node$1
-         }
-       };
-       NodeMap.prototype.print = function print (out) {
-         for (var it = this.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
-           var n = it.next();
-           n.print(out);
-         }
-       };
-       NodeMap.prototype.iterator = function iterator () {
-         return this.nodeMap.values().iterator()
-       };
-       NodeMap.prototype.values = function values () {
-         return this.nodeMap.values()
-       };
-       NodeMap.prototype.getBoundaryNodes = function getBoundaryNodes (geomIndex) {
-         var bdyNodes = new ArrayList();
-         for (var i = this.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
-           var node = i.next();
-           if (node.getLabel().getLocation(geomIndex) === Location.BOUNDARY) { bdyNodes.add(node); }
-         }
-         return bdyNodes
-       };
-       NodeMap.prototype.add = function add (e) {
-         var p = e.getCoordinate();
-         var n = this.addNode(p);
-         n.add(e);
-       };
-       NodeMap.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       NodeMap.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return NodeMap
-       };
 
-       var Quadrant = function Quadrant () {};
+               function rstr_hmac(key, data) {
+                 var bkey, ipad, opad, i, hash;
+                 key = utf8 ? utf8Encode(key) : key;
+                 data = utf8 ? utf8Encode(data) : data;
+                 bkey = rstr2binb(key);
 
-       var staticAccessors$21 = { NE: { configurable: true },NW: { configurable: true },SW: { configurable: true },SE: { configurable: true } };
+                 if (bkey.length > 16) {
+                   bkey = binb(bkey, key.length * 8);
+                 }
 
-       Quadrant.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       Quadrant.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return Quadrant
-       };
-       Quadrant.isNorthern = function isNorthern (quad) {
-         return quad === Quadrant.NE || quad === Quadrant.NW
-       };
-       Quadrant.isOpposite = function isOpposite (quad1, quad2) {
-         if (quad1 === quad2) { return false }
-         var diff = (quad1 - quad2 + 4) % 4;
-         if (diff === 2) { return true }
-         return false
-       };
-       Quadrant.commonHalfPlane = function commonHalfPlane (quad1, quad2) {
-         if (quad1 === quad2) { return quad1 }
-         var diff = (quad1 - quad2 + 4) % 4;
-         if (diff === 2) { return -1 }
-         var min = quad1 < quad2 ? quad1 : quad2;
-         var max = quad1 > quad2 ? quad1 : quad2;
-         if (min === 0 && max === 3) { return 3 }
-         return min
-       };
-       Quadrant.isInHalfPlane = function isInHalfPlane (quad, halfPlane) {
-         if (halfPlane === Quadrant.SE) {
-           return quad === Quadrant.SE || quad === Quadrant.SW
-         }
-         return quad === halfPlane || quad === halfPlane + 1
-       };
-       Quadrant.quadrant = function quadrant () {
-         if (typeof arguments[0] === 'number' && typeof arguments[1] === 'number') {
-           var dx = arguments[0];
-           var dy = arguments[1];
-           if (dx === 0.0 && dy === 0.0) { throw new IllegalArgumentException('Cannot compute the quadrant for point ( ' + dx + ', ' + dy + ' )') }
-           if (dx >= 0.0) {
-             if (dy >= 0.0) { return Quadrant.NE; } else { return Quadrant.SE }
-           } else {
-             if (dy >= 0.0) { return Quadrant.NW; } else { return Quadrant.SW }
-           }
-         } else if (arguments[0] instanceof Coordinate && arguments[1] instanceof Coordinate) {
-           var p0 = arguments[0];
-           var p1 = arguments[1];
-           if (p1.x === p0.x && p1.y === p0.y) { throw new IllegalArgumentException('Cannot compute the quadrant for two identical points ' + p0) }
-           if (p1.x >= p0.x) {
-             if (p1.y >= p0.y) { return Quadrant.NE; } else { return Quadrant.SE }
-           } else {
-             if (p1.y >= p0.y) { return Quadrant.NW; } else { return Quadrant.SW }
-           }
-         }
-       };
-       staticAccessors$21.NE.get = function () { return 0 };
-       staticAccessors$21.NW.get = function () { return 1 };
-       staticAccessors$21.SW.get = function () { return 2 };
-       staticAccessors$21.SE.get = function () { return 3 };
-
-       Object.defineProperties( Quadrant, staticAccessors$21 );
-
-       var EdgeEnd = function EdgeEnd () {
-         this._edge = null;
-         this._label = null;
-         this._node = null;
-         this._p0 = null;
-         this._p1 = null;
-         this._dx = null;
-         this._dy = null;
-         this._quadrant = null;
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var edge = arguments[0];
-           this._edge = edge;
-         } else if (arguments.length === 3) {
-           var edge$1 = arguments[0];
-           var p0 = arguments[1];
-           var p1 = arguments[2];
-           var label = null;
-           this._edge = edge$1;
-           this.init(p0, p1);
-           this._label = label;
-         } else if (arguments.length === 4) {
-           var edge$2 = arguments[0];
-           var p0$1 = arguments[1];
-           var p1$1 = arguments[2];
-           var label$1 = arguments[3];
-           this._edge = edge$2;
-           this.init(p0$1, p1$1);
-           this._label = label$1;
-         }
-       };
-       EdgeEnd.prototype.compareDirection = function compareDirection (e) {
-         if (this._dx === e._dx && this._dy === e._dy) { return 0 }
-         if (this._quadrant > e._quadrant) { return 1 }
-         if (this._quadrant < e._quadrant) { return -1 }
-         return CGAlgorithms.computeOrientation(e._p0, e._p1, this._p1)
-       };
-       EdgeEnd.prototype.getDy = function getDy () {
-         return this._dy
-       };
-       EdgeEnd.prototype.getCoordinate = function getCoordinate () {
-         return this._p0
-       };
-       EdgeEnd.prototype.setNode = function setNode (node) {
-         this._node = node;
-       };
-       EdgeEnd.prototype.print = function print (out) {
-         var angle = Math.atan2(this._dy, this._dx);
-         var className = this.getClass().getName();
-         var lastDotPos = className.lastIndexOf('.');
-         var name = className.substring(lastDotPos + 1);
-         out.print('  ' + name + ': ' + this._p0 + ' - ' + this._p1 + ' ' + this._quadrant + ':' + angle + '   ' + this._label);
-       };
-       EdgeEnd.prototype.compareTo = function compareTo (obj) {
-         var e = obj;
-         return this.compareDirection(e)
-       };
-       EdgeEnd.prototype.getDirectedCoordinate = function getDirectedCoordinate () {
-         return this._p1
-       };
-       EdgeEnd.prototype.getDx = function getDx () {
-         return this._dx
-       };
-       EdgeEnd.prototype.getLabel = function getLabel () {
-         return this._label
-       };
-       EdgeEnd.prototype.getEdge = function getEdge () {
-         return this._edge
-       };
-       EdgeEnd.prototype.getQuadrant = function getQuadrant () {
-         return this._quadrant
-       };
-       EdgeEnd.prototype.getNode = function getNode () {
-         return this._node
-       };
-       EdgeEnd.prototype.toString = function toString () {
-         var angle = Math.atan2(this._dy, this._dx);
-         var className = this.getClass().getName();
-         var lastDotPos = className.lastIndexOf('.');
-         var name = className.substring(lastDotPos + 1);
-         return '  ' + name + ': ' + this._p0 + ' - ' + this._p1 + ' ' + this._quadrant + ':' + angle + '   ' + this._label
-       };
-       EdgeEnd.prototype.computeLabel = function computeLabel (boundaryNodeRule) {};
-       EdgeEnd.prototype.init = function init (p0, p1) {
-         this._p0 = p0;
-         this._p1 = p1;
-         this._dx = p1.x - p0.x;
-         this._dy = p1.y - p0.y;
-         this._quadrant = Quadrant.quadrant(this._dx, this._dy);
-         Assert.isTrue(!(this._dx === 0 && this._dy === 0), 'EdgeEnd with identical endpoints found');
-       };
-       EdgeEnd.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [Comparable]
-       };
-       EdgeEnd.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return EdgeEnd
-       };
+                 ipad = Array(16), opad = Array(16);
 
-       var DirectedEdge = (function (EdgeEnd$$1) {
-         function DirectedEdge () {
-           var edge = arguments[0];
-           var isForward = arguments[1];
-           EdgeEnd$$1.call(this, edge);
-           this._isForward = null;
-           this._isInResult = false;
-           this._isVisited = false;
-           this._sym = null;
-           this._next = null;
-           this._nextMin = null;
-           this._edgeRing = null;
-           this._minEdgeRing = null;
-           this._depth = [0, -999, -999];
-           this._isForward = isForward;
-           if (isForward) {
-             this.init(edge.getCoordinate(0), edge.getCoordinate(1));
-           } else {
-             var n = edge.getNumPoints() - 1;
-             this.init(edge.getCoordinate(n), edge.getCoordinate(n - 1));
-           }
-           this.computeDirectedLabel();
-         }
+                 for (i = 0; i < 16; i += 1) {
+                   ipad[i] = bkey[i] ^ 0x36363636;
+                   opad[i] = bkey[i] ^ 0x5C5C5C5C;
+                 }
 
-         if ( EdgeEnd$$1 ) DirectedEdge.__proto__ = EdgeEnd$$1;
-         DirectedEdge.prototype = Object.create( EdgeEnd$$1 && EdgeEnd$$1.prototype );
-         DirectedEdge.prototype.constructor = DirectedEdge;
-         DirectedEdge.prototype.getNextMin = function getNextMin () {
-           return this._nextMin
-         };
-         DirectedEdge.prototype.getDepth = function getDepth (position) {
-           return this._depth[position]
-         };
-         DirectedEdge.prototype.setVisited = function setVisited (isVisited) {
-           this._isVisited = isVisited;
-         };
-         DirectedEdge.prototype.computeDirectedLabel = function computeDirectedLabel () {
-           this._label = new Label(this._edge.getLabel());
-           if (!this._isForward) { this._label.flip(); }
-         };
-         DirectedEdge.prototype.getNext = function getNext () {
-           return this._next
-         };
-         DirectedEdge.prototype.setDepth = function setDepth (position, depthVal) {
-           if (this._depth[position] !== -999) {
-             if (this._depth[position] !== depthVal) { throw new TopologyException('assigned depths do not match', this.getCoordinate()) }
-           }
-           this._depth[position] = depthVal;
-         };
-         DirectedEdge.prototype.isInteriorAreaEdge = function isInteriorAreaEdge () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+                 hash = binb(ipad.concat(rstr2binb(data)), 512 + data.length * 8);
+                 return binb2rstr(binb(opad.concat(hash), 512 + 160));
+               }
+               /**
+                * Calculate the SHA-1 of an array of big-endian words, and a bit length
+                */
+
+
+               function binb(x, len) {
+                 var i,
+                     j,
+                     t,
+                     olda,
+                     oldb,
+                     oldc,
+                     oldd,
+                     olde,
+                     w = Array(80),
+                     a = 1732584193,
+                     b = -271733879,
+                     c = -1732584194,
+                     d = 271733878,
+                     e = -1009589776;
+                 /* append padding */
+
+                 x[len >> 5] |= 0x80 << 24 - len % 32;
+                 x[(len + 64 >> 9 << 4) + 15] = len;
+
+                 for (i = 0; i < x.length; i += 16) {
+                   olda = a;
+                   oldb = b;
+                   oldc = c;
+                   oldd = d;
+                   olde = e;
+
+                   for (j = 0; j < 80; j += 1) {
+                     if (j < 16) {
+                       w[j] = x[i + j];
+                     } else {
+                       w[j] = bit_rol(w[j - 3] ^ w[j - 8] ^ w[j - 14] ^ w[j - 16], 1);
+                     }
 
-           var isInteriorAreaEdge = true;
-           for (var i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
-             if (!(this$1._label.isArea(i) && this$1._label.getLocation(i, Position.LEFT) === Location.INTERIOR && this$1._label.getLocation(i, Position.RIGHT) === Location.INTERIOR)) {
-               isInteriorAreaEdge = false;
-             }
-           }
-           return isInteriorAreaEdge
-         };
-         DirectedEdge.prototype.setNextMin = function setNextMin (nextMin) {
-           this._nextMin = nextMin;
-         };
-         DirectedEdge.prototype.print = function print (out) {
-           EdgeEnd$$1.prototype.print.call(this, out);
-           out.print(' ' + this._depth[Position.LEFT] + '/' + this._depth[Position.RIGHT]);
-           out.print(' (' + this.getDepthDelta() + ')');
-           if (this._isInResult) { out.print(' inResult'); }
-         };
-         DirectedEdge.prototype.setMinEdgeRing = function setMinEdgeRing (minEdgeRing) {
-           this._minEdgeRing = minEdgeRing;
-         };
-         DirectedEdge.prototype.isLineEdge = function isLineEdge () {
-           var isLine = this._label.isLine(0) || this._label.isLine(1);
-           var isExteriorIfArea0 = !this._label.isArea(0) || this._label.allPositionsEqual(0, Location.EXTERIOR);
-           var isExteriorIfArea1 = !this._label.isArea(1) || this._label.allPositionsEqual(1, Location.EXTERIOR);
-           return isLine && isExteriorIfArea0 && isExteriorIfArea1
-         };
-         DirectedEdge.prototype.setEdgeRing = function setEdgeRing (edgeRing) {
-           this._edgeRing = edgeRing;
-         };
-         DirectedEdge.prototype.getMinEdgeRing = function getMinEdgeRing () {
-           return this._minEdgeRing
-         };
-         DirectedEdge.prototype.getDepthDelta = function getDepthDelta () {
-           var depthDelta = this._edge.getDepthDelta();
-           if (!this._isForward) { depthDelta = -depthDelta; }
-           return depthDelta
-         };
-         DirectedEdge.prototype.setInResult = function setInResult (isInResult) {
-           this._isInResult = isInResult;
-         };
-         DirectedEdge.prototype.getSym = function getSym () {
-           return this._sym
-         };
-         DirectedEdge.prototype.isForward = function isForward () {
-           return this._isForward
-         };
-         DirectedEdge.prototype.getEdge = function getEdge () {
-           return this._edge
-         };
-         DirectedEdge.prototype.printEdge = function printEdge (out) {
-           this.print(out);
-           out.print(' ');
-           if (this._isForward) { this._edge.print(out); } else { this._edge.printReverse(out); }
-         };
-         DirectedEdge.prototype.setSym = function setSym (de) {
-           this._sym = de;
-         };
-         DirectedEdge.prototype.setVisitedEdge = function setVisitedEdge (isVisited) {
-           this.setVisited(isVisited);
-           this._sym.setVisited(isVisited);
-         };
-         DirectedEdge.prototype.setEdgeDepths = function setEdgeDepths (position, depth) {
-           var depthDelta = this.getEdge().getDepthDelta();
-           if (!this._isForward) { depthDelta = -depthDelta; }
-           var directionFactor = 1;
-           if (position === Position.LEFT) { directionFactor = -1; }
-           var oppositePos = Position.opposite(position);
-           var delta = depthDelta * directionFactor;
-           var oppositeDepth = depth + delta;
-           this.setDepth(position, depth);
-           this.setDepth(oppositePos, oppositeDepth);
-         };
-         DirectedEdge.prototype.getEdgeRing = function getEdgeRing () {
-           return this._edgeRing
-         };
-         DirectedEdge.prototype.isInResult = function isInResult () {
-           return this._isInResult
-         };
-         DirectedEdge.prototype.setNext = function setNext (next) {
-           this._next = next;
-         };
-         DirectedEdge.prototype.isVisited = function isVisited () {
-           return this._isVisited
-         };
-         DirectedEdge.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-           return []
-         };
-         DirectedEdge.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-           return DirectedEdge
-         };
-         DirectedEdge.depthFactor = function depthFactor (currLocation, nextLocation) {
-           if (currLocation === Location.EXTERIOR && nextLocation === Location.INTERIOR) { return 1; } else if (currLocation === Location.INTERIOR && nextLocation === Location.EXTERIOR) { return -1 }
-           return 0
-         };
+                     t = safe_add(safe_add(bit_rol(a, 5), sha1_ft(j, b, c, d)), safe_add(safe_add(e, w[j]), sha1_kt(j)));
+                     e = d;
+                     d = c;
+                     c = bit_rol(b, 30);
+                     b = a;
+                     a = t;
+                   }
 
-         return DirectedEdge;
-       }(EdgeEnd));
+                   a = safe_add(a, olda);
+                   b = safe_add(b, oldb);
+                   c = safe_add(c, oldc);
+                   d = safe_add(d, oldd);
+                   e = safe_add(e, olde);
+                 }
 
-       var NodeFactory = function NodeFactory () {};
+                 return Array(a, b, c, d, e);
+               }
+               /**
+                * Perform the appropriate triplet combination function for the current
+                * iteration
+                */
 
-       NodeFactory.prototype.createNode = function createNode (coord) {
-         return new Node$1(coord, null)
-       };
-       NodeFactory.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       NodeFactory.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return NodeFactory
-       };
 
-       var PlanarGraph = function PlanarGraph () {
-         this._edges = new ArrayList();
-         this._nodes = null;
-         this._edgeEndList = new ArrayList();
-         if (arguments.length === 0) {
-           this._nodes = new NodeMap(new NodeFactory());
-         } else if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var nodeFact = arguments[0];
-           this._nodes = new NodeMap(nodeFact);
-         }
-       };
-       PlanarGraph.prototype.printEdges = function printEdges (out) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+               function sha1_ft(t, b, c, d) {
+                 if (t < 20) {
+                   return b & c | ~b & d;
+                 }
 
-         out.println('Edges:');
-         for (var i = 0; i < this._edges.size(); i++) {
-           out.println('edge ' + i + ':');
-           var e = this$1._edges.get(i);
-           e.print(out);
-           e.eiList.print(out);
-         }
-       };
-       PlanarGraph.prototype.find = function find (coord) {
-         return this._nodes.find(coord)
-       };
-       PlanarGraph.prototype.addNode = function addNode () {
-         if (arguments[0] instanceof Node$1) {
-           var node = arguments[0];
-           return this._nodes.addNode(node)
-         } else if (arguments[0] instanceof Coordinate) {
-           var coord = arguments[0];
-           return this._nodes.addNode(coord)
-         }
-       };
-       PlanarGraph.prototype.getNodeIterator = function getNodeIterator () {
-         return this._nodes.iterator()
-       };
-       PlanarGraph.prototype.linkResultDirectedEdges = function linkResultDirectedEdges () {
-         for (var nodeit = this._nodes.iterator(); nodeit.hasNext();) {
-           var node = nodeit.next();
-           node.getEdges().linkResultDirectedEdges();
-         }
-       };
-       PlanarGraph.prototype.debugPrintln = function debugPrintln (o) {
-         System.out.println(o);
-       };
-       PlanarGraph.prototype.isBoundaryNode = function isBoundaryNode (geomIndex, coord) {
-         var node = this._nodes.find(coord);
-         if (node === null) { return false }
-         var label = node.getLabel();
-         if (label !== null && label.getLocation(geomIndex) === Location.BOUNDARY) { return true }
-         return false
-       };
-       PlanarGraph.prototype.linkAllDirectedEdges = function linkAllDirectedEdges () {
-         for (var nodeit = this._nodes.iterator(); nodeit.hasNext();) {
-           var node = nodeit.next();
-           node.getEdges().linkAllDirectedEdges();
-         }
-       };
-       PlanarGraph.prototype.matchInSameDirection = function matchInSameDirection (p0, p1, ep0, ep1) {
-         if (!p0.equals(ep0)) { return false }
-         if (CGAlgorithms.computeOrientation(p0, p1, ep1) === CGAlgorithms.COLLINEAR && Quadrant.quadrant(p0, p1) === Quadrant.quadrant(ep0, ep1)) { return true }
-         return false
-       };
-       PlanarGraph.prototype.getEdgeEnds = function getEdgeEnds () {
-         return this._edgeEndList
-       };
-       PlanarGraph.prototype.debugPrint = function debugPrint (o) {
-         System.out.print(o);
-       };
-       PlanarGraph.prototype.getEdgeIterator = function getEdgeIterator () {
-         return this._edges.iterator()
-       };
-       PlanarGraph.prototype.findEdgeInSameDirection = function findEdgeInSameDirection (p0, p1) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+                 if (t < 40) {
+                   return b ^ c ^ d;
+                 }
 
-         for (var i = 0; i < this._edges.size(); i++) {
-           var e = this$1._edges.get(i);
-           var eCoord = e.getCoordinates();
-           if (this$1.matchInSameDirection(p0, p1, eCoord[0], eCoord[1])) { return e }
-           if (this$1.matchInSameDirection(p0, p1, eCoord[eCoord.length - 1], eCoord[eCoord.length - 2])) { return e }
-         }
-         return null
-       };
-       PlanarGraph.prototype.insertEdge = function insertEdge (e) {
-         this._edges.add(e);
-       };
-       PlanarGraph.prototype.findEdgeEnd = function findEdgeEnd (e) {
-         for (var i = this.getEdgeEnds().iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
-           var ee = i.next();
-           if (ee.getEdge() === e) { return ee }
-         }
-         return null
-       };
-       PlanarGraph.prototype.addEdges = function addEdges (edgesToAdd) {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-         for (var it = edgesToAdd.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
-           var e = it.next();
-           this$1._edges.add(e);
-           var de1 = new DirectedEdge(e, true);
-           var de2 = new DirectedEdge(e, false);
-           de1.setSym(de2);
-           de2.setSym(de1);
-           this$1.add(de1);
-           this$1.add(de2);
-         }
-       };
-       PlanarGraph.prototype.add = function add (e) {
-         this._nodes.add(e);
-         this._edgeEndList.add(e);
-       };
-       PlanarGraph.prototype.getNodes = function getNodes () {
-         return this._nodes.values()
-       };
-       PlanarGraph.prototype.findEdge = function findEdge (p0, p1) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+                 if (t < 60) {
+                   return b & c | b & d | c & d;
+                 }
 
-         for (var i = 0; i < this._edges.size(); i++) {
-           var e = this$1._edges.get(i);
-           var eCoord = e.getCoordinates();
-           if (p0.equals(eCoord[0]) && p1.equals(eCoord[1])) { return e }
-         }
-         return null
-       };
-       PlanarGraph.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       PlanarGraph.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return PlanarGraph
-       };
-       PlanarGraph.linkResultDirectedEdges = function linkResultDirectedEdges (nodes) {
-         for (var nodeit = nodes.iterator(); nodeit.hasNext();) {
-           var node = nodeit.next();
-           node.getEdges().linkResultDirectedEdges();
-         }
-       };
+                 return b ^ c ^ d;
+               }
+               /**
+                * Determine the appropriate additive constant for the current iteration
+                */
 
-       var PolygonBuilder = function PolygonBuilder () {
-         this._geometryFactory = null;
-         this._shellList = new ArrayList();
-         var geometryFactory = arguments[0];
-         this._geometryFactory = geometryFactory;
-       };
-       PolygonBuilder.prototype.sortShellsAndHoles = function sortShellsAndHoles (edgeRings, shellList, freeHoleList) {
-         for (var it = edgeRings.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
-           var er = it.next();
-           if (er.isHole()) {
-             freeHoleList.add(er);
-           } else {
-             shellList.add(er);
-           }
-         }
-       };
-       PolygonBuilder.prototype.computePolygons = function computePolygons (shellList) {
-           var this$1 = this;
 
-         var resultPolyList = new ArrayList();
-         for (var it = shellList.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
-           var er = it.next();
-           var poly = er.toPolygon(this$1._geometryFactory);
-           resultPolyList.add(poly);
-         }
-         return resultPolyList
-       };
-       PolygonBuilder.prototype.placeFreeHoles = function placeFreeHoles (shellList, freeHoleList) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+               function sha1_kt(t) {
+                 return t < 20 ? 1518500249 : t < 40 ? 1859775393 : t < 60 ? -1894007588 : -899497514;
+               }
+             },
 
-         for (var it = freeHoleList.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
-           var hole = it.next();
-           if (hole.getShell() === null) {
-             var shell = this$1.findEdgeRingContaining(hole, shellList);
-             if (shell === null) { throw new TopologyException('unable to assign hole to a shell', hole.getCoordinate(0)) }
-             hole.setShell(shell);
-           }
-         }
-       };
-       PolygonBuilder.prototype.buildMinimalEdgeRings = function buildMinimalEdgeRings (maxEdgeRings, shellList, freeHoleList) {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-         var edgeRings = new ArrayList();
-         for (var it = maxEdgeRings.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
-           var er = it.next();
-           if (er.getMaxNodeDegree() > 2) {
-             er.linkDirectedEdgesForMinimalEdgeRings();
-             var minEdgeRings = er.buildMinimalRings();
-             var shell = this$1.findShell(minEdgeRings);
-             if (shell !== null) {
-               this$1.placePolygonHoles(shell, minEdgeRings);
-               shellList.add(shell);
-             } else {
-               freeHoleList.addAll(minEdgeRings);
-             }
-           } else {
-             edgeRings.add(er);
-           }
-         }
-         return edgeRings
-       };
-       PolygonBuilder.prototype.containsPoint = function containsPoint (p) {
-         for (var it = this._shellList.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
-           var er = it.next();
-           if (er.containsPoint(p)) { return true }
-         }
-         return false
-       };
-       PolygonBuilder.prototype.buildMaximalEdgeRings = function buildMaximalEdgeRings (dirEdges) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+             /**
+              * @class Hashes.SHA256
+              * @param {config}
+              *
+              * A JavaScript implementation of the Secure Hash Algorithm, SHA-256, as defined in FIPS 180-2
+              * Version 2.2 Copyright Angel Marin, Paul Johnston 2000 - 2009.
+              * Other contributors: Greg Holt, Andrew Kepert, Ydnar, Lostinet
+              * See http://pajhome.org.uk/crypt/md5 for details.
+              * Also http://anmar.eu.org/projects/jssha2/
+              */
+             SHA256: function SHA256(options) {
+               /**
+                * Private properties configuration variables. You may need to tweak these to be compatible with
+                * the server-side, but the defaults work in most cases.
+                * @see this.setUpperCase() method
+                * @see this.setPad() method
+                */
+               options && typeof options.uppercase === 'boolean' ? options.uppercase : false;
+                   var // hexadecimal output case format. false - lowercase; true - uppercase  */
+               b64pad = options && typeof options.pad === 'string' ? options.pad : '=',
 
-         var maxEdgeRings = new ArrayList();
-         for (var it = dirEdges.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
-           var de = it.next();
-           if (de.isInResult() && de.getLabel().isArea()) {
-             if (de.getEdgeRing() === null) {
-               var er = new MaximalEdgeRing(de, this$1._geometryFactory);
-               maxEdgeRings.add(er);
-               er.setInResult();
-             }
-           }
-         }
-         return maxEdgeRings
-       };
-       PolygonBuilder.prototype.placePolygonHoles = function placePolygonHoles (shell, minEdgeRings) {
-         for (var it = minEdgeRings.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
-           var er = it.next();
-           if (er.isHole()) {
-             er.setShell(shell);
-           }
-         }
-       };
-       PolygonBuilder.prototype.getPolygons = function getPolygons () {
-         var resultPolyList = this.computePolygons(this._shellList);
-         return resultPolyList
-       };
-       PolygonBuilder.prototype.findEdgeRingContaining = function findEdgeRingContaining (testEr, shellList) {
-         var testRing = testEr.getLinearRing();
-         var testEnv = testRing.getEnvelopeInternal();
-         var testPt = testRing.getCoordinateN(0);
-         var minShell = null;
-         var minEnv = null;
-         for (var it = shellList.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
-           var tryShell = it.next();
-           var tryRing = tryShell.getLinearRing();
-           var tryEnv = tryRing.getEnvelopeInternal();
-           if (minShell !== null) { minEnv = minShell.getLinearRing().getEnvelopeInternal(); }
-           var isContained = false;
-           if (tryEnv.contains(testEnv) && CGAlgorithms.isPointInRing(testPt, tryRing.getCoordinates())) { isContained = true; }
-           if (isContained) {
-             if (minShell === null || minEnv.contains(tryEnv)) {
-               minShell = tryShell;
-             }
-           }
-         }
-         return minShell
-       };
-       PolygonBuilder.prototype.findShell = function findShell (minEdgeRings) {
-         var shellCount = 0;
-         var shell = null;
-         for (var it = minEdgeRings.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
-           var er = it.next();
-           if (!er.isHole()) {
-             shell = er;
-             shellCount++;
-           }
-         }
-         Assert.isTrue(shellCount <= 1, 'found two shells in MinimalEdgeRing list');
-         return shell
-       };
-       PolygonBuilder.prototype.add = function add () {
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var graph = arguments[0];
-           this.add(graph.getEdgeEnds(), graph.getNodes());
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var dirEdges = arguments[0];
-           var nodes = arguments[1];
-           PlanarGraph.linkResultDirectedEdges(nodes);
-           var maxEdgeRings = this.buildMaximalEdgeRings(dirEdges);
-           var freeHoleList = new ArrayList();
-           var edgeRings = this.buildMinimalEdgeRings(maxEdgeRings, this._shellList, freeHoleList);
-           this.sortShellsAndHoles(edgeRings, this._shellList, freeHoleList);
-           this.placeFreeHoles(this._shellList, freeHoleList);
-         }
-       };
-       PolygonBuilder.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       PolygonBuilder.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return PolygonBuilder
-       };
+               /* base-64 pad character. Default '=' for strict RFC compliance   */
+               utf8 = options && typeof options.utf8 === 'boolean' ? options.utf8 : true,
 
-       var Boundable = function Boundable () {};
+               /* enable/disable utf8 encoding */
+               sha256_K;
+               /* privileged (public) methods */
 
-       Boundable.prototype.getBounds = function getBounds () {};
-       Boundable.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       Boundable.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return Boundable
-       };
+               this.hex = function (s) {
+                 return rstr2hex(rstr(s, utf8));
+               };
 
-       var ItemBoundable = function ItemBoundable () {
-         this._bounds = null;
-         this._item = null;
-         var bounds = arguments[0];
-         var item = arguments[1];
-         this._bounds = bounds;
-         this._item = item;
-       };
-       ItemBoundable.prototype.getItem = function getItem () {
-         return this._item
-       };
-       ItemBoundable.prototype.getBounds = function getBounds () {
-         return this._bounds
-       };
-       ItemBoundable.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [Boundable, Serializable]
-       };
-       ItemBoundable.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return ItemBoundable
-       };
+               this.b64 = function (s) {
+                 return rstr2b64(rstr(s, utf8), b64pad);
+               };
 
-       var PriorityQueue = function PriorityQueue () {
-         this._size = null;
-         this._items = null;
-         this._size = 0;
-         this._items = new ArrayList();
-         this._items.add(null);
-       };
-       PriorityQueue.prototype.poll = function poll () {
-         if (this.isEmpty()) { return null }
-         var minItem = this._items.get(1);
-         this._items.set(1, this._items.get(this._size));
-         this._size -= 1;
-         this.reorder(1);
-         return minItem
-       };
-       PriorityQueue.prototype.size = function size () {
-         return this._size
-       };
-       PriorityQueue.prototype.reorder = function reorder (hole) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+               this.any = function (s, e) {
+                 return rstr2any(rstr(s, utf8), e);
+               };
 
-         var child = null;
-         var tmp = this._items.get(hole);
-         for (; hole * 2 <= this._size; hole = child) {
-           child = hole * 2;
-           if (child !== this$1._size && this$1._items.get(child + 1).compareTo(this$1._items.get(child)) < 0) { child++; }
-           if (this$1._items.get(child).compareTo(tmp) < 0) { this$1._items.set(hole, this$1._items.get(child)); } else { break }
-         }
-         this._items.set(hole, tmp);
-       };
-       PriorityQueue.prototype.clear = function clear () {
-         this._size = 0;
-         this._items.clear();
-       };
-       PriorityQueue.prototype.isEmpty = function isEmpty () {
-         return this._size === 0
-       };
-       PriorityQueue.prototype.add = function add (x) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+               this.raw = function (s) {
+                 return rstr(s, utf8);
+               };
 
-         this._items.add(null);
-         this._size += 1;
-         var hole = this._size;
-         this._items.set(0, x);
-         for (; x.compareTo(this._items.get(Math.trunc(hole / 2))) < 0; hole /= 2) {
-           this$1._items.set(hole, this$1._items.get(Math.trunc(hole / 2)));
-         }
-         this._items.set(hole, x);
-       };
-       PriorityQueue.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       PriorityQueue.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return PriorityQueue
-       };
+               this.hex_hmac = function (k, d) {
+                 return rstr2hex(rstr_hmac(k, d));
+               };
 
-       var ItemVisitor = function ItemVisitor () {};
+               this.b64_hmac = function (k, d) {
+                 return rstr2b64(rstr_hmac(k, d), b64pad);
+               };
 
-       ItemVisitor.prototype.visitItem = function visitItem (item) {};
-       ItemVisitor.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       ItemVisitor.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return ItemVisitor
-       };
+               this.any_hmac = function (k, d, e) {
+                 return rstr2any(rstr_hmac(k, d), e);
+               };
+               /**
+                * Perform a simple self-test to see if the VM is working
+                * @return {String} Hexadecimal hash sample
+                * @public
+                */
 
-       var SpatialIndex = function SpatialIndex () {};
 
-       SpatialIndex.prototype.insert = function insert (itemEnv, item) {};
-       SpatialIndex.prototype.remove = function remove (itemEnv, item) {};
-       SpatialIndex.prototype.query = function query () {
-         // if (arguments.length === 1) {
-         // const searchEnv = arguments[0]
-         // } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-         // const searchEnv = arguments[0]
-         // const visitor = arguments[1]
-         // }
-       };
-       SpatialIndex.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       SpatialIndex.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return SpatialIndex
-       };
+               this.vm_test = function () {
+                 return hex('abc').toLowerCase() === '900150983cd24fb0d6963f7d28e17f72';
+               };
+               /**
+                * Enable/disable uppercase hexadecimal returned string
+                * @param {boolean}
+                * @return {Object} this
+                * @public
+                */
 
-       var AbstractNode = function AbstractNode () {
-         this._childBoundables = new ArrayList();
-         this._bounds = null;
-         this._level = null;
-         if (arguments.length === 0) ; else if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var level = arguments[0];
-           this._level = level;
-         }
-       };
 
-       var staticAccessors$22 = { serialVersionUID: { configurable: true } };
-       AbstractNode.prototype.getLevel = function getLevel () {
-         return this._level
-       };
-       AbstractNode.prototype.size = function size () {
-         return this._childBoundables.size()
-       };
-       AbstractNode.prototype.getChildBoundables = function getChildBoundables () {
-         return this._childBoundables
-       };
-       AbstractNode.prototype.addChildBoundable = function addChildBoundable (childBoundable) {
-         Assert.isTrue(this._bounds === null);
-         this._childBoundables.add(childBoundable);
-       };
-       AbstractNode.prototype.isEmpty = function isEmpty () {
-         return this._childBoundables.isEmpty()
-       };
-       AbstractNode.prototype.getBounds = function getBounds () {
-         if (this._bounds === null) {
-           this._bounds = this.computeBounds();
-         }
-         return this._bounds
-       };
-       AbstractNode.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [Boundable, Serializable]
-       };
-       AbstractNode.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return AbstractNode
-       };
-       staticAccessors$22.serialVersionUID.get = function () { return 6493722185909573708 };
+               this.setUpperCase = function (a) {
 
-       Object.defineProperties( AbstractNode, staticAccessors$22 );
+                 return this;
+               };
+               /**
+                * @description Defines a base64 pad string
+                * @param {string} Pad
+                * @return {Object} this
+                * @public
+                */
 
-       var Collections = function Collections () {};
 
-       Collections.reverseOrder = function reverseOrder () {
-         return {
-           compare: function compare (a, b) {
-             return b.compareTo(a)
-           }
-         }
-       };
-       Collections.min = function min (l) {
-         Collections.sort(l);
-         return l.get(0)
-       };
-       Collections.sort = function sort (l, c) {
-         var a = l.toArray();
-         if (c) {
-           Arrays.sort(a, c);
-         } else {
-           Arrays.sort(a);
-         }
-         var i = l.iterator();
-         for (var pos = 0, alen = a.length; pos < alen; pos++) {
-           i.next();
-           i.set(a[pos]);
-         }
-       };
-       Collections.singletonList = function singletonList (o) {
-         var arrayList = new ArrayList();
-         arrayList.add(o);
-         return arrayList
-       };
+               this.setPad = function (a) {
+                 b64pad = a || b64pad;
+                 return this;
+               };
+               /**
+                * Defines a base64 pad string
+                * @param {boolean}
+                * @return {Object} this
+                * @public
+                */
 
-       var BoundablePair = function BoundablePair () {
-         this._boundable1 = null;
-         this._boundable2 = null;
-         this._distance = null;
-         this._itemDistance = null;
-         var boundable1 = arguments[0];
-         var boundable2 = arguments[1];
-         var itemDistance = arguments[2];
-         this._boundable1 = boundable1;
-         this._boundable2 = boundable2;
-         this._itemDistance = itemDistance;
-         this._distance = this.distance();
-       };
-       BoundablePair.prototype.expandToQueue = function expandToQueue (priQ, minDistance) {
-         var isComp1 = BoundablePair.isComposite(this._boundable1);
-         var isComp2 = BoundablePair.isComposite(this._boundable2);
-         if (isComp1 && isComp2) {
-           if (BoundablePair.area(this._boundable1) > BoundablePair.area(this._boundable2)) {
-             this.expand(this._boundable1, this._boundable2, priQ, minDistance);
-             return null
-           } else {
-             this.expand(this._boundable2, this._boundable1, priQ, minDistance);
-             return null
-           }
-         } else if (isComp1) {
-           this.expand(this._boundable1, this._boundable2, priQ, minDistance);
-           return null
-         } else if (isComp2) {
-           this.expand(this._boundable2, this._boundable1, priQ, minDistance);
-           return null
-         }
-         throw new IllegalArgumentException('neither boundable is composite')
-       };
-       BoundablePair.prototype.isLeaves = function isLeaves () {
-         return !(BoundablePair.isComposite(this._boundable1) || BoundablePair.isComposite(this._boundable2))
-       };
-       BoundablePair.prototype.compareTo = function compareTo (o) {
-         var nd = o;
-         if (this._distance < nd._distance) { return -1 }
-         if (this._distance > nd._distance) { return 1 }
-         return 0
-       };
-       BoundablePair.prototype.expand = function expand (bndComposite, bndOther, priQ, minDistance) {
-           var this$1 = this;
 
-         var children = bndComposite.getChildBoundables();
-         for (var i = children.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
-           var child = i.next();
-           var bp = new BoundablePair(child, bndOther, this$1._itemDistance);
-           if (bp.getDistance() < minDistance) {
-             priQ.add(bp);
-           }
-         }
-       };
-       BoundablePair.prototype.getBoundable = function getBoundable (i) {
-         if (i === 0) { return this._boundable1 }
-         return this._boundable2
-       };
-       BoundablePair.prototype.getDistance = function getDistance () {
-         return this._distance
-       };
-       BoundablePair.prototype.distance = function distance () {
-         if (this.isLeaves()) {
-           return this._itemDistance.distance(this._boundable1, this._boundable2)
-         }
-         return this._boundable1.getBounds().distance(this._boundable2.getBounds())
-       };
-       BoundablePair.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [Comparable]
-       };
-       BoundablePair.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return BoundablePair
-       };
-       BoundablePair.area = function area (b) {
-         return b.getBounds().getArea()
-       };
-       BoundablePair.isComposite = function isComposite (item) {
-         return item instanceof AbstractNode
-       };
+               this.setUTF8 = function (a) {
+                 if (typeof a === 'boolean') {
+                   utf8 = a;
+                 }
 
-       var AbstractSTRtree = function AbstractSTRtree () {
-         this._root = null;
-         this._built = false;
-         this._itemBoundables = new ArrayList();
-         this._nodeCapacity = null;
-         if (arguments.length === 0) {
-           var nodeCapacity = AbstractSTRtree.DEFAULT_NODE_CAPACITY;
-           this._nodeCapacity = nodeCapacity;
-         } else if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var nodeCapacity$1 = arguments[0];
-           Assert.isTrue(nodeCapacity$1 > 1, 'Node capacity must be greater than 1');
-           this._nodeCapacity = nodeCapacity$1;
-         }
-       };
+                 return this;
+               }; // private methods
 
-       var staticAccessors$23 = { IntersectsOp: { configurable: true },serialVersionUID: { configurable: true },DEFAULT_NODE_CAPACITY: { configurable: true } };
-       AbstractSTRtree.prototype.getNodeCapacity = function getNodeCapacity () {
-         return this._nodeCapacity
-       };
-       AbstractSTRtree.prototype.lastNode = function lastNode (nodes) {
-         return nodes.get(nodes.size() - 1)
-       };
-       AbstractSTRtree.prototype.size = function size () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+               /**
+                * Calculate the SHA-512 of a raw string
+                */
 
-         if (arguments.length === 0) {
-           if (this.isEmpty()) {
-             return 0
-           }
-           this.build();
-           return this.size(this._root)
-         } else if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var node = arguments[0];
-           var size = 0;
-           for (var i = node.getChildBoundables().iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
-             var childBoundable = i.next();
-             if (childBoundable instanceof AbstractNode) {
-               size += this$1.size(childBoundable);
-             } else if (childBoundable instanceof ItemBoundable) {
-               size += 1;
-             }
-           }
-           return size
-         }
-       };
-       AbstractSTRtree.prototype.removeItem = function removeItem (node, item) {
-         var childToRemove = null;
-         for (var i = node.getChildBoundables().iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
-           var childBoundable = i.next();
-           if (childBoundable instanceof ItemBoundable) {
-             if (childBoundable.getItem() === item) { childToRemove = childBoundable; }
-           }
-         }
-         if (childToRemove !== null) {
-           node.getChildBoundables().remove(childToRemove);
-           return true
-         }
-         return false
-       };
-       AbstractSTRtree.prototype.itemsTree = function itemsTree () {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-         if (arguments.length === 0) {
-           this.build();
-           var valuesTree = this.itemsTree(this._root);
-           if (valuesTree === null) { return new ArrayList() }
-           return valuesTree
-         } else if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var node = arguments[0];
-           var valuesTreeForNode = new ArrayList();
-           for (var i = node.getChildBoundables().iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
-             var childBoundable = i.next();
-             if (childBoundable instanceof AbstractNode) {
-               var valuesTreeForChild = this$1.itemsTree(childBoundable);
-               if (valuesTreeForChild !== null) { valuesTreeForNode.add(valuesTreeForChild); }
-             } else if (childBoundable instanceof ItemBoundable) {
-               valuesTreeForNode.add(childBoundable.getItem());
-             } else {
-               Assert.shouldNeverReachHere();
-             }
-           }
-           if (valuesTreeForNode.size() <= 0) { return null }
-           return valuesTreeForNode
-         }
-       };
-       AbstractSTRtree.prototype.insert = function insert (bounds, item) {
-         Assert.isTrue(!this._built, 'Cannot insert items into an STR packed R-tree after it has been built.');
-         this._itemBoundables.add(new ItemBoundable(bounds, item));
-       };
-       AbstractSTRtree.prototype.boundablesAtLevel = function boundablesAtLevel () {
-           var this$1 = this;
 
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var level = arguments[0];
-           var boundables = new ArrayList();
-           this.boundablesAtLevel(level, this._root, boundables);
-           return boundables
-         } else if (arguments.length === 3) {
-           var level$1 = arguments[0];
-           var top = arguments[1];
-           var boundables$1 = arguments[2];
-           Assert.isTrue(level$1 > -2);
-           if (top.getLevel() === level$1) {
-             boundables$1.add(top);
-             return null
-           }
-           for (var i = top.getChildBoundables().iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
-             var boundable = i.next();
-             if (boundable instanceof AbstractNode) {
-               this$1.boundablesAtLevel(level$1, boundable, boundables$1);
-             } else {
-               Assert.isTrue(boundable instanceof ItemBoundable);
-               if (level$1 === -1) {
-                 boundables$1.add(boundable);
+               function rstr(s, utf8) {
+                 s = utf8 ? utf8Encode(s) : s;
+                 return binb2rstr(binb(rstr2binb(s), s.length * 8));
                }
-             }
-           }
-           return null
-         }
-       };
-       AbstractSTRtree.prototype.query = function query () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+               /**
+                * Calculate the HMAC-sha256 of a key and some data (raw strings)
+                */
 
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var searchBounds = arguments[0];
-           this.build();
-           var matches = new ArrayList();
-           if (this.isEmpty()) {
-             return matches
-           }
-           if (this.getIntersectsOp().intersects(this._root.getBounds(), searchBounds)) {
-             this.query(searchBounds, this._root, matches);
-           }
-           return matches
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var searchBounds$1 = arguments[0];
-           var visitor = arguments[1];
-           this.build();
-           if (this.isEmpty()) {
-             return null
-           }
-           if (this.getIntersectsOp().intersects(this._root.getBounds(), searchBounds$1)) {
-             this.query(searchBounds$1, this._root, visitor);
-           }
-         } else if (arguments.length === 3) {
-           if (hasInterface(arguments[2], ItemVisitor) && (arguments[0] instanceof Object && arguments[1] instanceof AbstractNode)) {
-             var searchBounds$2 = arguments[0];
-             var node = arguments[1];
-             var visitor$1 = arguments[2];
-             var childBoundables = node.getChildBoundables();
-             for (var i = 0; i < childBoundables.size(); i++) {
-               var childBoundable = childBoundables.get(i);
-               if (!this$1.getIntersectsOp().intersects(childBoundable.getBounds(), searchBounds$2)) {
-                 continue
-               }
-               if (childBoundable instanceof AbstractNode) {
-                 this$1.query(searchBounds$2, childBoundable, visitor$1);
-               } else if (childBoundable instanceof ItemBoundable) {
-                 visitor$1.visitItem(childBoundable.getItem());
-               } else {
-                 Assert.shouldNeverReachHere();
-               }
-             }
-           } else if (hasInterface(arguments[2], List) && (arguments[0] instanceof Object && arguments[1] instanceof AbstractNode)) {
-             var searchBounds$3 = arguments[0];
-             var node$1 = arguments[1];
-             var matches$1 = arguments[2];
-             var childBoundables$1 = node$1.getChildBoundables();
-             for (var i$1 = 0; i$1 < childBoundables$1.size(); i$1++) {
-               var childBoundable$1 = childBoundables$1.get(i$1);
-               if (!this$1.getIntersectsOp().intersects(childBoundable$1.getBounds(), searchBounds$3)) {
-                 continue
-               }
-               if (childBoundable$1 instanceof AbstractNode) {
-                 this$1.query(searchBounds$3, childBoundable$1, matches$1);
-               } else if (childBoundable$1 instanceof ItemBoundable) {
-                 matches$1.add(childBoundable$1.getItem());
-               } else {
-                 Assert.shouldNeverReachHere();
+
+               function rstr_hmac(key, data) {
+                 key = utf8 ? utf8Encode(key) : key;
+                 data = utf8 ? utf8Encode(data) : data;
+                 var hash,
+                     i = 0,
+                     bkey = rstr2binb(key),
+                     ipad = Array(16),
+                     opad = Array(16);
+
+                 if (bkey.length > 16) {
+                   bkey = binb(bkey, key.length * 8);
+                 }
+
+                 for (; i < 16; i += 1) {
+                   ipad[i] = bkey[i] ^ 0x36363636;
+                   opad[i] = bkey[i] ^ 0x5C5C5C5C;
+                 }
+
+                 hash = binb(ipad.concat(rstr2binb(data)), 512 + data.length * 8);
+                 return binb2rstr(binb(opad.concat(hash), 512 + 256));
                }
-             }
-           }
-         }
-       };
-       AbstractSTRtree.prototype.build = function build () {
-         if (this._built) { return null }
-         this._root = this._itemBoundables.isEmpty() ? this.createNode(0) : this.createHigherLevels(this._itemBoundables, -1);
-         this._itemBoundables = null;
-         this._built = true;
-       };
-       AbstractSTRtree.prototype.getRoot = function getRoot () {
-         this.build();
-         return this._root
-       };
-       AbstractSTRtree.prototype.remove = function remove () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+               /*
+                * Main sha256 function, with its support functions
+                */
 
-         if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var searchBounds = arguments[0];
-           var item = arguments[1];
-           this.build();
-           if (this.getIntersectsOp().intersects(this._root.getBounds(), searchBounds)) {
-             return this.remove(searchBounds, this._root, item)
-           }
-           return false
-         } else if (arguments.length === 3) {
-           var searchBounds$1 = arguments[0];
-           var node = arguments[1];
-           var item$1 = arguments[2];
-           var found = this.removeItem(node, item$1);
-           if (found) { return true }
-           var childToPrune = null;
-           for (var i = node.getChildBoundables().iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
-             var childBoundable = i.next();
-             if (!this$1.getIntersectsOp().intersects(childBoundable.getBounds(), searchBounds$1)) {
-               continue
-             }
-             if (childBoundable instanceof AbstractNode) {
-               found = this$1.remove(searchBounds$1, childBoundable, item$1);
-               if (found) {
-                 childToPrune = childBoundable;
-                 break
+
+               function sha256_S(X, n) {
+                 return X >>> n | X << 32 - n;
                }
-             }
-           }
-           if (childToPrune !== null) {
-             if (childToPrune.getChildBoundables().isEmpty()) {
-               node.getChildBoundables().remove(childToPrune);
-             }
-           }
-           return found
-         }
-       };
-       AbstractSTRtree.prototype.createHigherLevels = function createHigherLevels (boundablesOfALevel, level) {
-         Assert.isTrue(!boundablesOfALevel.isEmpty());
-         var parentBoundables = this.createParentBoundables(boundablesOfALevel, level + 1);
-         if (parentBoundables.size() === 1) {
-           return parentBoundables.get(0)
-         }
-         return this.createHigherLevels(parentBoundables, level + 1)
-       };
-       AbstractSTRtree.prototype.depth = function depth () {
-           var this$1 = this;
 
-         if (arguments.length === 0) {
-           if (this.isEmpty()) {
-             return 0
-           }
-           this.build();
-           return this.depth(this._root)
-         } else if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var node = arguments[0];
-           var maxChildDepth = 0;
-           for (var i = node.getChildBoundables().iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
-             var childBoundable = i.next();
-             if (childBoundable instanceof AbstractNode) {
-               var childDepth = this$1.depth(childBoundable);
-               if (childDepth > maxChildDepth) { maxChildDepth = childDepth; }
-             }
-           }
-           return maxChildDepth + 1
-         }
-       };
-       AbstractSTRtree.prototype.createParentBoundables = function createParentBoundables (childBoundables, newLevel) {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-         Assert.isTrue(!childBoundables.isEmpty());
-         var parentBoundables = new ArrayList();
-         parentBoundables.add(this.createNode(newLevel));
-         var sortedChildBoundables = new ArrayList(childBoundables);
-         Collections.sort(sortedChildBoundables, this.getComparator());
-         for (var i = sortedChildBoundables.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
-           var childBoundable = i.next();
-           if (this$1.lastNode(parentBoundables).getChildBoundables().size() === this$1.getNodeCapacity()) {
-             parentBoundables.add(this$1.createNode(newLevel));
-           }
-           this$1.lastNode(parentBoundables).addChildBoundable(childBoundable);
-         }
-         return parentBoundables
-       };
-       AbstractSTRtree.prototype.isEmpty = function isEmpty () {
-         if (!this._built) { return this._itemBoundables.isEmpty() }
-         return this._root.isEmpty()
-       };
-       AbstractSTRtree.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [Serializable]
-       };
-       AbstractSTRtree.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return AbstractSTRtree
-       };
-       AbstractSTRtree.compareDoubles = function compareDoubles (a, b) {
-         return a > b ? 1 : a < b ? -1 : 0
-       };
-       staticAccessors$23.IntersectsOp.get = function () { return IntersectsOp };
-       staticAccessors$23.serialVersionUID.get = function () { return -3886435814360241337 };
-       staticAccessors$23.DEFAULT_NODE_CAPACITY.get = function () { return 10 };
+               function sha256_R(X, n) {
+                 return X >>> n;
+               }
 
-       Object.defineProperties( AbstractSTRtree, staticAccessors$23 );
+               function sha256_Ch(x, y, z) {
+                 return x & y ^ ~x & z;
+               }
 
-       var IntersectsOp = function IntersectsOp () {};
+               function sha256_Maj(x, y, z) {
+                 return x & y ^ x & z ^ y & z;
+               }
 
-       var ItemDistance = function ItemDistance () {};
+               function sha256_Sigma0256(x) {
+                 return sha256_S(x, 2) ^ sha256_S(x, 13) ^ sha256_S(x, 22);
+               }
 
-       ItemDistance.prototype.distance = function distance (item1, item2) {};
-       ItemDistance.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       ItemDistance.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return ItemDistance
-       };
+               function sha256_Sigma1256(x) {
+                 return sha256_S(x, 6) ^ sha256_S(x, 11) ^ sha256_S(x, 25);
+               }
 
-       var STRtree = (function (AbstractSTRtree$$1) {
-         function STRtree (nodeCapacity) {
-           nodeCapacity = nodeCapacity || STRtree.DEFAULT_NODE_CAPACITY;
-           AbstractSTRtree$$1.call(this, nodeCapacity);
-         }
-
-         if ( AbstractSTRtree$$1 ) STRtree.__proto__ = AbstractSTRtree$$1;
-         STRtree.prototype = Object.create( AbstractSTRtree$$1 && AbstractSTRtree$$1.prototype );
-         STRtree.prototype.constructor = STRtree;
-
-         var staticAccessors = { STRtreeNode: { configurable: true },serialVersionUID: { configurable: true },xComparator: { configurable: true },yComparator: { configurable: true },intersectsOp: { configurable: true },DEFAULT_NODE_CAPACITY: { configurable: true } };
-         STRtree.prototype.createParentBoundablesFromVerticalSlices = function createParentBoundablesFromVerticalSlices (verticalSlices, newLevel) {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-           Assert.isTrue(verticalSlices.length > 0);
-           var parentBoundables = new ArrayList();
-           for (var i = 0; i < verticalSlices.length; i++) {
-             parentBoundables.addAll(this$1.createParentBoundablesFromVerticalSlice(verticalSlices[i], newLevel));
-           }
-           return parentBoundables
-         };
-         STRtree.prototype.createNode = function createNode (level) {
-           return new STRtreeNode(level)
-         };
-         STRtree.prototype.size = function size () {
-           if (arguments.length === 0) {
-             return AbstractSTRtree$$1.prototype.size.call(this)
-           } else { return AbstractSTRtree$$1.prototype.size.apply(this, arguments) }
-         };
-         STRtree.prototype.insert = function insert () {
-           if (arguments.length === 2) {
-             var itemEnv = arguments[0];
-             var item = arguments[1];
-             if (itemEnv.isNull()) {
-               return null
-             }
-             AbstractSTRtree$$1.prototype.insert.call(this, itemEnv, item);
-           } else { return AbstractSTRtree$$1.prototype.insert.apply(this, arguments) }
-         };
-         STRtree.prototype.getIntersectsOp = function getIntersectsOp () {
-           return STRtree.intersectsOp
-         };
-         STRtree.prototype.verticalSlices = function verticalSlices (childBoundables, sliceCount) {
-           var sliceCapacity = Math.trunc(Math.ceil(childBoundables.size() / sliceCount));
-           var slices = new Array(sliceCount).fill(null);
-           var i = childBoundables.iterator();
-           for (var j = 0; j < sliceCount; j++) {
-             slices[j] = new ArrayList();
-             var boundablesAddedToSlice = 0;
-             while (i.hasNext() && boundablesAddedToSlice < sliceCapacity) {
-               var childBoundable = i.next();
-               slices[j].add(childBoundable);
-               boundablesAddedToSlice++;
-             }
-           }
-           return slices
-         };
-         STRtree.prototype.query = function query () {
-           if (arguments.length === 1) {
-             var searchEnv = arguments[0];
-             return AbstractSTRtree$$1.prototype.query.call(this, searchEnv)
-           } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-             var searchEnv$1 = arguments[0];
-             var visitor = arguments[1];
-             AbstractSTRtree$$1.prototype.query.call(this, searchEnv$1, visitor);
-           } else if (arguments.length === 3) {
-             if (hasInterface(arguments[2], ItemVisitor) && (arguments[0] instanceof Object && arguments[1] instanceof AbstractNode)) {
-               var searchBounds = arguments[0];
-               var node = arguments[1];
-               var visitor$1 = arguments[2];
-               AbstractSTRtree$$1.prototype.query.call(this, searchBounds, node, visitor$1);
-             } else if (hasInterface(arguments[2], List) && (arguments[0] instanceof Object && arguments[1] instanceof AbstractNode)) {
-               var searchBounds$1 = arguments[0];
-               var node$1 = arguments[1];
-               var matches = arguments[2];
-               AbstractSTRtree$$1.prototype.query.call(this, searchBounds$1, node$1, matches);
-             }
-           }
-         };
-         STRtree.prototype.getComparator = function getComparator () {
-           return STRtree.yComparator
-         };
-         STRtree.prototype.createParentBoundablesFromVerticalSlice = function createParentBoundablesFromVerticalSlice (childBoundables, newLevel) {
-           return AbstractSTRtree$$1.prototype.createParentBoundables.call(this, childBoundables, newLevel)
-         };
-         STRtree.prototype.remove = function remove () {
-           if (arguments.length === 2) {
-             var itemEnv = arguments[0];
-             var item = arguments[1];
-             return AbstractSTRtree$$1.prototype.remove.call(this, itemEnv, item)
-           } else { return AbstractSTRtree$$1.prototype.remove.apply(this, arguments) }
-         };
-         STRtree.prototype.depth = function depth () {
-           if (arguments.length === 0) {
-             return AbstractSTRtree$$1.prototype.depth.call(this)
-           } else { return AbstractSTRtree$$1.prototype.depth.apply(this, arguments) }
-         };
-         STRtree.prototype.createParentBoundables = function createParentBoundables (childBoundables, newLevel) {
-           Assert.isTrue(!childBoundables.isEmpty());
-           var minLeafCount = Math.trunc(Math.ceil(childBoundables.size() / this.getNodeCapacity()));
-           var sortedChildBoundables = new ArrayList(childBoundables);
-           Collections.sort(sortedChildBoundables, STRtree.xComparator);
-           var verticalSlices = this.verticalSlices(sortedChildBoundables, Math.trunc(Math.ceil(Math.sqrt(minLeafCount))));
-           return this.createParentBoundablesFromVerticalSlices(verticalSlices, newLevel)
-         };
-         STRtree.prototype.nearestNeighbour = function nearestNeighbour () {
-           if (arguments.length === 1) {
-             if (hasInterface(arguments[0], ItemDistance)) {
-               var itemDist = arguments[0];
-               var bp = new BoundablePair(this.getRoot(), this.getRoot(), itemDist);
-               return this.nearestNeighbour(bp)
-             } else if (arguments[0] instanceof BoundablePair) {
-               var initBndPair = arguments[0];
-               return this.nearestNeighbour(initBndPair, Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY)
-             }
-           } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-             if (arguments[0] instanceof STRtree && hasInterface(arguments[1], ItemDistance)) {
-               var tree = arguments[0];
-               var itemDist$1 = arguments[1];
-               var bp$1 = new BoundablePair(this.getRoot(), tree.getRoot(), itemDist$1);
-               return this.nearestNeighbour(bp$1)
-             } else if (arguments[0] instanceof BoundablePair && typeof arguments[1] === 'number') {
-               var initBndPair$1 = arguments[0];
-               var maxDistance = arguments[1];
-               var distanceLowerBound = maxDistance;
-               var minPair = null;
-               var priQ = new PriorityQueue();
-               priQ.add(initBndPair$1);
-               while (!priQ.isEmpty() && distanceLowerBound > 0.0) {
-                 var bndPair = priQ.poll();
-                 var currentDistance = bndPair.getDistance();
-                 if (currentDistance >= distanceLowerBound) { break }
-                 if (bndPair.isLeaves()) {
-                   distanceLowerBound = currentDistance;
-                   minPair = bndPair;
-                 } else {
-                   bndPair.expandToQueue(priQ, distanceLowerBound);
+               function sha256_Gamma0256(x) {
+                 return sha256_S(x, 7) ^ sha256_S(x, 18) ^ sha256_R(x, 3);
+               }
+
+               function sha256_Gamma1256(x) {
+                 return sha256_S(x, 17) ^ sha256_S(x, 19) ^ sha256_R(x, 10);
+               }
+
+               sha256_K = [1116352408, 1899447441, -1245643825, -373957723, 961987163, 1508970993, -1841331548, -1424204075, -670586216, 310598401, 607225278, 1426881987, 1925078388, -2132889090, -1680079193, -1046744716, -459576895, -272742522, 264347078, 604807628, 770255983, 1249150122, 1555081692, 1996064986, -1740746414, -1473132947, -1341970488, -1084653625, -958395405, -710438585, 113926993, 338241895, 666307205, 773529912, 1294757372, 1396182291, 1695183700, 1986661051, -2117940946, -1838011259, -1564481375, -1474664885, -1035236496, -949202525, -778901479, -694614492, -200395387, 275423344, 430227734, 506948616, 659060556, 883997877, 958139571, 1322822218, 1537002063, 1747873779, 1955562222, 2024104815, -2067236844, -1933114872, -1866530822, -1538233109, -1090935817, -965641998];
+
+               function binb(m, l) {
+                 var HASH = [1779033703, -1150833019, 1013904242, -1521486534, 1359893119, -1694144372, 528734635, 1541459225];
+                 var W = new Array(64);
+                 var a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h;
+                 var i, j, T1, T2;
+                 /* append padding */
+
+                 m[l >> 5] |= 0x80 << 24 - l % 32;
+                 m[(l + 64 >> 9 << 4) + 15] = l;
+
+                 for (i = 0; i < m.length; i += 16) {
+                   a = HASH[0];
+                   b = HASH[1];
+                   c = HASH[2];
+                   d = HASH[3];
+                   e = HASH[4];
+                   f = HASH[5];
+                   g = HASH[6];
+                   h = HASH[7];
+
+                   for (j = 0; j < 64; j += 1) {
+                     if (j < 16) {
+                       W[j] = m[j + i];
+                     } else {
+                       W[j] = safe_add(safe_add(safe_add(sha256_Gamma1256(W[j - 2]), W[j - 7]), sha256_Gamma0256(W[j - 15])), W[j - 16]);
+                     }
+
+                     T1 = safe_add(safe_add(safe_add(safe_add(h, sha256_Sigma1256(e)), sha256_Ch(e, f, g)), sha256_K[j]), W[j]);
+                     T2 = safe_add(sha256_Sigma0256(a), sha256_Maj(a, b, c));
+                     h = g;
+                     g = f;
+                     f = e;
+                     e = safe_add(d, T1);
+                     d = c;
+                     c = b;
+                     b = a;
+                     a = safe_add(T1, T2);
+                   }
+
+                   HASH[0] = safe_add(a, HASH[0]);
+                   HASH[1] = safe_add(b, HASH[1]);
+                   HASH[2] = safe_add(c, HASH[2]);
+                   HASH[3] = safe_add(d, HASH[3]);
+                   HASH[4] = safe_add(e, HASH[4]);
+                   HASH[5] = safe_add(f, HASH[5]);
+                   HASH[6] = safe_add(g, HASH[6]);
+                   HASH[7] = safe_add(h, HASH[7]);
                  }
+
+                 return HASH;
                }
-               return [minPair.getBoundable(0).getItem(), minPair.getBoundable(1).getItem()]
-             }
-           } else if (arguments.length === 3) {
-             var env = arguments[0];
-             var item = arguments[1];
-             var itemDist$2 = arguments[2];
-             var bnd = new ItemBoundable(env, item);
-             var bp$2 = new BoundablePair(this.getRoot(), bnd, itemDist$2);
-             return this.nearestNeighbour(bp$2)[0]
-           }
-         };
-         STRtree.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-           return [SpatialIndex, Serializable]
-         };
-         STRtree.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-           return STRtree
-         };
-         STRtree.centreX = function centreX (e) {
-           return STRtree.avg(e.getMinX(), e.getMaxX())
-         };
-         STRtree.avg = function avg (a, b) {
-           return (a + b) / 2
-         };
-         STRtree.centreY = function centreY (e) {
-           return STRtree.avg(e.getMinY(), e.getMaxY())
-         };
-         staticAccessors.STRtreeNode.get = function () { return STRtreeNode };
-         staticAccessors.serialVersionUID.get = function () { return 259274702368956900 };
-         staticAccessors.xComparator.get = function () {
-           return {
-             interfaces_: function () {
-               return [Comparator]
-             },
-             compare: function (o1, o2) {
-               return AbstractSTRtree$$1.compareDoubles(STRtree.centreX(o1.getBounds()), STRtree.centreX(o2.getBounds()))
-             }
-           }
-         };
-         staticAccessors.yComparator.get = function () {
-           return {
-             interfaces_: function () {
-               return [Comparator]
-             },
-             compare: function (o1, o2) {
-               return AbstractSTRtree$$1.compareDoubles(STRtree.centreY(o1.getBounds()), STRtree.centreY(o2.getBounds()))
-             }
-           }
-         };
-         staticAccessors.intersectsOp.get = function () {
-           return {
-             interfaces_: function () {
-               return [AbstractSTRtree$$1.IntersectsOp]
              },
-             intersects: function (aBounds, bBounds) {
-               return aBounds.intersects(bBounds)
-             }
-           }
-         };
-         staticAccessors.DEFAULT_NODE_CAPACITY.get = function () { return 10 };
 
-         Object.defineProperties( STRtree, staticAccessors );
+             /**
+              * @class Hashes.SHA512
+              * @param {config}
+              *
+              * A JavaScript implementation of the Secure Hash Algorithm, SHA-512, as defined in FIPS 180-2
+              * Version 2.2 Copyright Anonymous Contributor, Paul Johnston 2000 - 2009.
+              * Other contributors: Greg Holt, Andrew Kepert, Ydnar, Lostinet
+              * See http://pajhome.org.uk/crypt/md5 for details.
+              */
+             SHA512: function SHA512(options) {
+               /**
+                * Private properties configuration variables. You may need to tweak these to be compatible with
+                * the server-side, but the defaults work in most cases.
+                * @see this.setUpperCase() method
+                * @see this.setPad() method
+                */
+               options && typeof options.uppercase === 'boolean' ? options.uppercase : false;
+
+               var /* hexadecimal output case format. false - lowercase; true - uppercase  */
+               b64pad = options && typeof options.pad === 'string' ? options.pad : '=',
 
-         return STRtree;
-       }(AbstractSTRtree));
+               /* base-64 pad character. Default '=' for strict RFC compliance   */
+               utf8 = options && typeof options.utf8 === 'boolean' ? options.utf8 : true,
 
-       var STRtreeNode = (function (AbstractNode$$1) {
-         function STRtreeNode () {
-           var level = arguments[0];
-           AbstractNode$$1.call(this, level);
-         }
+               /* enable/disable utf8 encoding */
+               sha512_k;
+               /* privileged (public) methods */
 
-         if ( AbstractNode$$1 ) STRtreeNode.__proto__ = AbstractNode$$1;
-         STRtreeNode.prototype = Object.create( AbstractNode$$1 && AbstractNode$$1.prototype );
-         STRtreeNode.prototype.constructor = STRtreeNode;
-         STRtreeNode.prototype.computeBounds = function computeBounds () {
-           var bounds = null;
-           for (var i = this.getChildBoundables().iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
-             var childBoundable = i.next();
-             if (bounds === null) {
-               bounds = new Envelope(childBoundable.getBounds());
-             } else {
-               bounds.expandToInclude(childBoundable.getBounds());
-             }
-           }
-           return bounds
-         };
-         STRtreeNode.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-           return []
-         };
-         STRtreeNode.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-           return STRtreeNode
-         };
+               this.hex = function (s) {
+                 return rstr2hex(rstr(s));
+               };
 
-         return STRtreeNode;
-       }(AbstractNode));
+               this.b64 = function (s) {
+                 return rstr2b64(rstr(s), b64pad);
+               };
 
-       var SegmentPointComparator = function SegmentPointComparator () {};
+               this.any = function (s, e) {
+                 return rstr2any(rstr(s), e);
+               };
 
-       SegmentPointComparator.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       SegmentPointComparator.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return SegmentPointComparator
-       };
-       SegmentPointComparator.relativeSign = function relativeSign (x0, x1) {
-         if (x0 < x1) { return -1 }
-         if (x0 > x1) { return 1 }
-         return 0
-       };
-       SegmentPointComparator.compare = function compare (octant, p0, p1) {
-         if (p0.equals2D(p1)) { return 0 }
-         var xSign = SegmentPointComparator.relativeSign(p0.x, p1.x);
-         var ySign = SegmentPointComparator.relativeSign(p0.y, p1.y);
-         switch (octant) {
-           case 0:
-             return SegmentPointComparator.compareValue(xSign, ySign)
-           case 1:
-             return SegmentPointComparator.compareValue(ySign, xSign)
-           case 2:
-             return SegmentPointComparator.compareValue(ySign, -xSign)
-           case 3:
-             return SegmentPointComparator.compareValue(-xSign, ySign)
-           case 4:
-             return SegmentPointComparator.compareValue(-xSign, -ySign)
-           case 5:
-             return SegmentPointComparator.compareValue(-ySign, -xSign)
-           case 6:
-             return SegmentPointComparator.compareValue(-ySign, xSign)
-           case 7:
-             return SegmentPointComparator.compareValue(xSign, -ySign)
-         }
-         Assert.shouldNeverReachHere('invalid octant value');
-         return 0
-       };
-       SegmentPointComparator.compareValue = function compareValue (compareSign0, compareSign1) {
-         if (compareSign0 < 0) { return -1 }
-         if (compareSign0 > 0) { return 1 }
-         if (compareSign1 < 0) { return -1 }
-         if (compareSign1 > 0) { return 1 }
-         return 0
-       };
+               this.raw = function (s) {
+                 return rstr(s);
+               };
 
-       var SegmentNode = function SegmentNode () {
-         this._segString = null;
-         this.coord = null;
-         this.segmentIndex = null;
-         this._segmentOctant = null;
-         this._isInterior = null;
-         var segString = arguments[0];
-         var coord = arguments[1];
-         var segmentIndex = arguments[2];
-         var segmentOctant = arguments[3];
-         this._segString = segString;
-         this.coord = new Coordinate(coord);
-         this.segmentIndex = segmentIndex;
-         this._segmentOctant = segmentOctant;
-         this._isInterior = !coord.equals2D(segString.getCoordinate(segmentIndex));
-       };
-       SegmentNode.prototype.getCoordinate = function getCoordinate () {
-         return this.coord
-       };
-       SegmentNode.prototype.print = function print (out) {
-         out.print(this.coord);
-         out.print(' seg # = ' + this.segmentIndex);
-       };
-       SegmentNode.prototype.compareTo = function compareTo (obj) {
-         var other = obj;
-         if (this.segmentIndex < other.segmentIndex) { return -1 }
-         if (this.segmentIndex > other.segmentIndex) { return 1 }
-         if (this.coord.equals2D(other.coord)) { return 0 }
-         return SegmentPointComparator.compare(this._segmentOctant, this.coord, other.coord)
-       };
-       SegmentNode.prototype.isEndPoint = function isEndPoint (maxSegmentIndex) {
-         if (this.segmentIndex === 0 && !this._isInterior) { return true }
-         if (this.segmentIndex === maxSegmentIndex) { return true }
-         return false
-       };
-       SegmentNode.prototype.isInterior = function isInterior () {
-         return this._isInterior
-       };
-       SegmentNode.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [Comparable]
-       };
-       SegmentNode.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return SegmentNode
-       };
+               this.hex_hmac = function (k, d) {
+                 return rstr2hex(rstr_hmac(k, d));
+               };
 
-       // import Iterator from '../../../../java/util/Iterator'
-       var SegmentNodeList = function SegmentNodeList () {
-         this._nodeMap = new TreeMap();
-         this._edge = null;
-         var edge = arguments[0];
-         this._edge = edge;
-       };
-       SegmentNodeList.prototype.getSplitCoordinates = function getSplitCoordinates () {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-         var coordList = new CoordinateList();
-         this.addEndpoints();
-         var it = this.iterator();
-         var eiPrev = it.next();
-         while (it.hasNext()) {
-           var ei = it.next();
-           this$1.addEdgeCoordinates(eiPrev, ei, coordList);
-           eiPrev = ei;
-         }
-         return coordList.toCoordinateArray()
-       };
-       SegmentNodeList.prototype.addCollapsedNodes = function addCollapsedNodes () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+               this.b64_hmac = function (k, d) {
+                 return rstr2b64(rstr_hmac(k, d), b64pad);
+               };
 
-         var collapsedVertexIndexes = new ArrayList();
-         this.findCollapsesFromInsertedNodes(collapsedVertexIndexes);
-         this.findCollapsesFromExistingVertices(collapsedVertexIndexes);
-         for (var it = collapsedVertexIndexes.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
-           var vertexIndex = it.next().intValue();
-           this$1.add(this$1._edge.getCoordinate(vertexIndex), vertexIndex);
-         }
-       };
-       SegmentNodeList.prototype.print = function print (out) {
-         out.println('Intersections:');
-         for (var it = this.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
-           var ei = it.next();
-           ei.print(out);
-         }
-       };
-       SegmentNodeList.prototype.findCollapsesFromExistingVertices = function findCollapsesFromExistingVertices (collapsedVertexIndexes) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+               this.any_hmac = function (k, d, e) {
+                 return rstr2any(rstr_hmac(k, d), e);
+               };
+               /**
+                * Perform a simple self-test to see if the VM is working
+                * @return {String} Hexadecimal hash sample
+                * @public
+                */
 
-         for (var i = 0; i < this._edge.size() - 2; i++) {
-           var p0 = this$1._edge.getCoordinate(i);
-           // const p1 = this._edge.getCoordinate(i + 1)
-           var p2 = this$1._edge.getCoordinate(i + 2);
-           if (p0.equals2D(p2)) {
-             collapsedVertexIndexes.add(new Integer(i + 1));
-           }
-         }
-       };
-       SegmentNodeList.prototype.addEdgeCoordinates = function addEdgeCoordinates (ei0, ei1, coordList) {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-         // let npts = ei1.segmentIndex - ei0.segmentIndex + 2
-         var lastSegStartPt = this._edge.getCoordinate(ei1.segmentIndex);
-         var useIntPt1 = ei1.isInterior() || !ei1.coord.equals2D(lastSegStartPt);
-         // if (!useIntPt1) {
-         // npts--
-         // }
-         // const ipt = 0
-         coordList.add(new Coordinate(ei0.coord), false);
-         for (var i = ei0.segmentIndex + 1; i <= ei1.segmentIndex; i++) {
-           coordList.add(this$1._edge.getCoordinate(i));
-         }
-         if (useIntPt1) {
-           coordList.add(new Coordinate(ei1.coord));
-         }
-       };
-       SegmentNodeList.prototype.iterator = function iterator () {
-         return this._nodeMap.values().iterator()
-       };
-       SegmentNodeList.prototype.addSplitEdges = function addSplitEdges (edgeList) {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-         this.addEndpoints();
-         this.addCollapsedNodes();
-         var it = this.iterator();
-         var eiPrev = it.next();
-         while (it.hasNext()) {
-           var ei = it.next();
-           var newEdge = this$1.createSplitEdge(eiPrev, ei);
-           edgeList.add(newEdge);
-           eiPrev = ei;
-         }
-       };
-       SegmentNodeList.prototype.findCollapseIndex = function findCollapseIndex (ei0, ei1, collapsedVertexIndex) {
-         if (!ei0.coord.equals2D(ei1.coord)) { return false }
-         var numVerticesBetween = ei1.segmentIndex - ei0.segmentIndex;
-         if (!ei1.isInterior()) {
-           numVerticesBetween--;
-         }
-         if (numVerticesBetween === 1) {
-           collapsedVertexIndex[0] = ei0.segmentIndex + 1;
-           return true
-         }
-         return false
-       };
-       SegmentNodeList.prototype.findCollapsesFromInsertedNodes = function findCollapsesFromInsertedNodes (collapsedVertexIndexes) {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-         var collapsedVertexIndex = new Array(1).fill(null);
-         var it = this.iterator();
-         var eiPrev = it.next();
-         while (it.hasNext()) {
-           var ei = it.next();
-           var isCollapsed = this$1.findCollapseIndex(eiPrev, ei, collapsedVertexIndex);
-           if (isCollapsed) { collapsedVertexIndexes.add(new Integer(collapsedVertexIndex[0])); }
-           eiPrev = ei;
-         }
-       };
-       SegmentNodeList.prototype.getEdge = function getEdge () {
-         return this._edge
-       };
-       SegmentNodeList.prototype.addEndpoints = function addEndpoints () {
-         var maxSegIndex = this._edge.size() - 1;
-         this.add(this._edge.getCoordinate(0), 0);
-         this.add(this._edge.getCoordinate(maxSegIndex), maxSegIndex);
-       };
-       SegmentNodeList.prototype.createSplitEdge = function createSplitEdge (ei0, ei1) {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-         var npts = ei1.segmentIndex - ei0.segmentIndex + 2;
-         var lastSegStartPt = this._edge.getCoordinate(ei1.segmentIndex);
-         var useIntPt1 = ei1.isInterior() || !ei1.coord.equals2D(lastSegStartPt);
-         if (!useIntPt1) {
-           npts--;
-         }
-         var pts = new Array(npts).fill(null);
-         var ipt = 0;
-         pts[ipt++] = new Coordinate(ei0.coord);
-         for (var i = ei0.segmentIndex + 1; i <= ei1.segmentIndex; i++) {
-           pts[ipt++] = this$1._edge.getCoordinate(i);
-         }
-         if (useIntPt1) { pts[ipt] = new Coordinate(ei1.coord); }
-         return new NodedSegmentString(pts, this._edge.getData())
-       };
-       SegmentNodeList.prototype.add = function add (intPt, segmentIndex) {
-         var eiNew = new SegmentNode(this._edge, intPt, segmentIndex, this._edge.getSegmentOctant(segmentIndex));
-         var ei = this._nodeMap.get(eiNew);
-         if (ei !== null) {
-           Assert.isTrue(ei.coord.equals2D(intPt), 'Found equal nodes with different coordinates');
-           return ei
-         }
-         this._nodeMap.put(eiNew, eiNew);
-         return eiNew
-       };
-       SegmentNodeList.prototype.checkSplitEdgesCorrectness = function checkSplitEdgesCorrectness (splitEdges) {
-         var edgePts = this._edge.getCoordinates();
-         var split0 = splitEdges.get(0);
-         var pt0 = split0.getCoordinate(0);
-         if (!pt0.equals2D(edgePts[0])) { throw new RuntimeException('bad split edge start point at ' + pt0) }
-         var splitn = splitEdges.get(splitEdges.size() - 1);
-         var splitnPts = splitn.getCoordinates();
-         var ptn = splitnPts[splitnPts.length - 1];
-         if (!ptn.equals2D(edgePts[edgePts.length - 1])) { throw new RuntimeException('bad split edge end point at ' + ptn) }
-       };
-       SegmentNodeList.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       SegmentNodeList.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return SegmentNodeList
-       };
 
+               this.vm_test = function () {
+                 return hex('abc').toLowerCase() === '900150983cd24fb0d6963f7d28e17f72';
+               };
+               /**
+                * @description Enable/disable uppercase hexadecimal returned string
+                * @param {boolean}
+                * @return {Object} this
+                * @public
+                */
 
 
-       // class NodeVertexIterator {
-       //   constructor () {
-       //     this._nodeList = null
-       //     this._edge = null
-       //     this._nodeIt = null
-       //     this._currNode = null
-       //     this._nextNode = null
-       //     this._currSegIndex = 0
-       //     let nodeList = arguments[0]
-       //     this._nodeList = nodeList
-       //     this._edge = nodeList.getEdge()
-       //     this._nodeIt = nodeList.iterator()
-       //     this.readNextNode()
-       //   }
-       //   next () {
-       //     if (this._currNode === null) {
-       //       this._currNode = this._nextNode
-       //       this._currSegIndex = this._currNode.segmentIndex
-       //       this.readNextNode()
-       //       return this._currNode
-       //     }
-       //     if (this._nextNode === null) return null
-       //     if (this._nextNode.segmentIndex === this._currNode.segmentIndex) {
-       //       this._currNode = this._nextNode
-       //       this._currSegIndex = this._currNode.segmentIndex
-       //       this.readNextNode()
-       //       return this._currNode
-       //     }
-       //     if (this._nextNode.segmentIndex > this._currNode.segmentIndex) {}
-       //     return null
-       //   }
-       //   remove () {
-       //     // throw new UnsupportedOperationException(this.getClass().getName())
-       //   }
-       //   hasNext () {
-       //     if (this._nextNode === null) return false
-       //     return true
-       //   }
-       //   readNextNode () {
-       //     if (this._nodeIt.hasNext()) this._nextNode = this._nodeIt.next(); else this._nextNode = null
-       //   }
-       //   interfaces_ () {
-       //     return [Iterator]
-       //   }
-       //   getClass () {
-       //     return NodeVertexIterator
-       //   }
-       // }
+               this.setUpperCase = function (a) {
 
-       var Octant = function Octant () {};
+                 return this;
+               };
+               /**
+                * @description Defines a base64 pad string
+                * @param {string} Pad
+                * @return {Object} this
+                * @public
+                */
+
+
+               this.setPad = function (a) {
+                 b64pad = a || b64pad;
+                 return this;
+               };
+               /**
+                * @description Defines a base64 pad string
+                * @param {boolean}
+                * @return {Object} this
+                * @public
+                */
 
-       Octant.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       Octant.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return Octant
-       };
-       Octant.octant = function octant () {
-         if (typeof arguments[0] === 'number' && typeof arguments[1] === 'number') {
-           var dx = arguments[0];
-           var dy = arguments[1];
-           if (dx === 0.0 && dy === 0.0) { throw new IllegalArgumentException('Cannot compute the octant for point ( ' + dx + ', ' + dy + ' )') }
-           var adx = Math.abs(dx);
-           var ady = Math.abs(dy);
-           if (dx >= 0) {
-             if (dy >= 0) {
-               if (adx >= ady) { return 0; } else { return 1 }
-             } else {
-               if (adx >= ady) { return 7; } else { return 6 }
-             }
-           } else {
-             if (dy >= 0) {
-               if (adx >= ady) { return 3; } else { return 2 }
-             } else {
-               if (adx >= ady) { return 4; } else { return 5 }
-             }
-           }
-         } else if (arguments[0] instanceof Coordinate && arguments[1] instanceof Coordinate) {
-           var p0 = arguments[0];
-           var p1 = arguments[1];
-           var dx$1 = p1.x - p0.x;
-           var dy$1 = p1.y - p0.y;
-           if (dx$1 === 0.0 && dy$1 === 0.0) { throw new IllegalArgumentException('Cannot compute the octant for two identical points ' + p0) }
-           return Octant.octant(dx$1, dy$1)
-         }
-       };
 
-       var SegmentString = function SegmentString () {};
+               this.setUTF8 = function (a) {
+                 if (typeof a === 'boolean') {
+                   utf8 = a;
+                 }
 
-       SegmentString.prototype.getCoordinates = function getCoordinates () {};
-       SegmentString.prototype.size = function size () {};
-       SegmentString.prototype.getCoordinate = function getCoordinate (i) {};
-       SegmentString.prototype.isClosed = function isClosed () {};
-       SegmentString.prototype.setData = function setData (data) {};
-       SegmentString.prototype.getData = function getData () {};
-       SegmentString.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       SegmentString.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return SegmentString
-       };
+                 return this;
+               };
+               /* private methods */
 
-       var NodableSegmentString = function NodableSegmentString () {};
+               /**
+                * Calculate the SHA-512 of a raw string
+                */
 
-       NodableSegmentString.prototype.addIntersection = function addIntersection (intPt, segmentIndex) {};
-       NodableSegmentString.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [SegmentString]
-       };
-       NodableSegmentString.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return NodableSegmentString
-       };
 
-       var NodedSegmentString = function NodedSegmentString () {
-         this._nodeList = new SegmentNodeList(this);
-         this._pts = null;
-         this._data = null;
-         var pts = arguments[0];
-         var data = arguments[1];
-         this._pts = pts;
-         this._data = data;
-       };
-       NodedSegmentString.prototype.getCoordinates = function getCoordinates () {
-         return this._pts
-       };
-       NodedSegmentString.prototype.size = function size () {
-         return this._pts.length
-       };
-       NodedSegmentString.prototype.getCoordinate = function getCoordinate (i) {
-         return this._pts[i]
-       };
-       NodedSegmentString.prototype.isClosed = function isClosed () {
-         return this._pts[0].equals(this._pts[this._pts.length - 1])
-       };
-       NodedSegmentString.prototype.getSegmentOctant = function getSegmentOctant (index) {
-         if (index === this._pts.length - 1) { return -1 }
-         return this.safeOctant(this.getCoordinate(index), this.getCoordinate(index + 1))
-       };
-       NodedSegmentString.prototype.setData = function setData (data) {
-         this._data = data;
-       };
-       NodedSegmentString.prototype.safeOctant = function safeOctant (p0, p1) {
-         if (p0.equals2D(p1)) { return 0 }
-         return Octant.octant(p0, p1)
-       };
-       NodedSegmentString.prototype.getData = function getData () {
-         return this._data
-       };
-       NodedSegmentString.prototype.addIntersection = function addIntersection () {
-         if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var intPt$1 = arguments[0];
-           var segmentIndex = arguments[1];
-           this.addIntersectionNode(intPt$1, segmentIndex);
-         } else if (arguments.length === 4) {
-           var li = arguments[0];
-           var segmentIndex$1 = arguments[1];
-           // const geomIndex = arguments[2]
-           var intIndex = arguments[3];
-           var intPt = new Coordinate(li.getIntersection(intIndex));
-           this.addIntersection(intPt, segmentIndex$1);
-         }
-       };
-       NodedSegmentString.prototype.toString = function toString () {
-         return WKTWriter.toLineString(new CoordinateArraySequence(this._pts))
-       };
-       NodedSegmentString.prototype.getNodeList = function getNodeList () {
-         return this._nodeList
-       };
-       NodedSegmentString.prototype.addIntersectionNode = function addIntersectionNode (intPt, segmentIndex) {
-         var normalizedSegmentIndex = segmentIndex;
-         var nextSegIndex = normalizedSegmentIndex + 1;
-         if (nextSegIndex < this._pts.length) {
-           var nextPt = this._pts[nextSegIndex];
-           if (intPt.equals2D(nextPt)) {
-             normalizedSegmentIndex = nextSegIndex;
-           }
-         }
-         var ei = this._nodeList.add(intPt, normalizedSegmentIndex);
-         return ei
-       };
-       NodedSegmentString.prototype.addIntersections = function addIntersections (li, segmentIndex, geomIndex) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+               function rstr(s) {
+                 s = utf8 ? utf8Encode(s) : s;
+                 return binb2rstr(binb(rstr2binb(s), s.length * 8));
+               }
+               /*
+                * Calculate the HMAC-SHA-512 of a key and some data (raw strings)
+                */
 
-         for (var i = 0; i < li.getIntersectionNum(); i++) {
-           this$1.addIntersection(li, segmentIndex, geomIndex, i);
-         }
-       };
-       NodedSegmentString.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [NodableSegmentString]
-       };
-       NodedSegmentString.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return NodedSegmentString
-       };
-       NodedSegmentString.getNodedSubstrings = function getNodedSubstrings () {
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var segStrings = arguments[0];
-           var resultEdgelist = new ArrayList();
-           NodedSegmentString.getNodedSubstrings(segStrings, resultEdgelist);
-           return resultEdgelist
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var segStrings$1 = arguments[0];
-           var resultEdgelist$1 = arguments[1];
-           for (var i = segStrings$1.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
-             var ss = i.next();
-             ss.getNodeList().addSplitEdges(resultEdgelist$1);
-           }
-         }
-       };
 
-       var LineSegment = function LineSegment () {
-         this.p0 = null;
-         this.p1 = null;
-         if (arguments.length === 0) {
-           this.p0 = new Coordinate();
-           this.p1 = new Coordinate();
-         } else if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var ls = arguments[0];
-           this.p0 = new Coordinate(ls.p0);
-           this.p1 = new Coordinate(ls.p1);
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           this.p0 = arguments[0];
-           this.p1 = arguments[1];
-         } else if (arguments.length === 4) {
-           var x0 = arguments[0];
-           var y0 = arguments[1];
-           var x1 = arguments[2];
-           var y1 = arguments[3];
-           this.p0 = new Coordinate(x0, y0);
-           this.p1 = new Coordinate(x1, y1);
-         }
-       };
+               function rstr_hmac(key, data) {
+                 key = utf8 ? utf8Encode(key) : key;
+                 data = utf8 ? utf8Encode(data) : data;
+                 var hash,
+                     i = 0,
+                     bkey = rstr2binb(key),
+                     ipad = Array(32),
+                     opad = Array(32);
 
-       var staticAccessors$24 = { serialVersionUID: { configurable: true } };
-       LineSegment.prototype.minX = function minX () {
-         return Math.min(this.p0.x, this.p1.x)
-       };
-       LineSegment.prototype.orientationIndex = function orientationIndex () {
-         if (arguments[0] instanceof LineSegment) {
-           var seg = arguments[0];
-           var orient0 = CGAlgorithms.orientationIndex(this.p0, this.p1, seg.p0);
-           var orient1 = CGAlgorithms.orientationIndex(this.p0, this.p1, seg.p1);
-           if (orient0 >= 0 && orient1 >= 0) { return Math.max(orient0, orient1) }
-           if (orient0 <= 0 && orient1 <= 0) { return Math.max(orient0, orient1) }
-           return 0
-         } else if (arguments[0] instanceof Coordinate) {
-           var p = arguments[0];
-           return CGAlgorithms.orientationIndex(this.p0, this.p1, p)
-         }
-       };
-       LineSegment.prototype.toGeometry = function toGeometry (geomFactory) {
-         return geomFactory.createLineString([this.p0, this.p1])
-       };
-       LineSegment.prototype.isVertical = function isVertical () {
-         return this.p0.x === this.p1.x
-       };
-       LineSegment.prototype.equals = function equals (o) {
-         if (!(o instanceof LineSegment)) {
-           return false
-         }
-         var other = o;
-         return this.p0.equals(other.p0) && this.p1.equals(other.p1)
-       };
-       LineSegment.prototype.intersection = function intersection (line) {
-         var li = new RobustLineIntersector();
-         li.computeIntersection(this.p0, this.p1, line.p0, line.p1);
-         if (li.hasIntersection()) { return li.getIntersection(0) }
-         return null
-       };
-       LineSegment.prototype.project = function project () {
-         if (arguments[0] instanceof Coordinate) {
-           var p = arguments[0];
-           if (p.equals(this.p0) || p.equals(this.p1)) { return new Coordinate(p) }
-           var r = this.projectionFactor(p);
-           var coord = new Coordinate();
-           coord.x = this.p0.x + r * (this.p1.x - this.p0.x);
-           coord.y = this.p0.y + r * (this.p1.y - this.p0.y);
-           return coord
-         } else if (arguments[0] instanceof LineSegment) {
-           var seg = arguments[0];
-           var pf0 = this.projectionFactor(seg.p0);
-           var pf1 = this.projectionFactor(seg.p1);
-           if (pf0 >= 1.0 && pf1 >= 1.0) { return null }
-           if (pf0 <= 0.0 && pf1 <= 0.0) { return null }
-           var newp0 = this.project(seg.p0);
-           if (pf0 < 0.0) { newp0 = this.p0; }
-           if (pf0 > 1.0) { newp0 = this.p1; }
-           var newp1 = this.project(seg.p1);
-           if (pf1 < 0.0) { newp1 = this.p0; }
-           if (pf1 > 1.0) { newp1 = this.p1; }
-           return new LineSegment(newp0, newp1)
-         }
-       };
-       LineSegment.prototype.normalize = function normalize () {
-         if (this.p1.compareTo(this.p0) < 0) { this.reverse(); }
-       };
-       LineSegment.prototype.angle = function angle () {
-         return Math.atan2(this.p1.y - this.p0.y, this.p1.x - this.p0.x)
-       };
-       LineSegment.prototype.getCoordinate = function getCoordinate (i) {
-         if (i === 0) { return this.p0 }
-         return this.p1
-       };
-       LineSegment.prototype.distancePerpendicular = function distancePerpendicular (p) {
-         return CGAlgorithms.distancePointLinePerpendicular(p, this.p0, this.p1)
-       };
-       LineSegment.prototype.minY = function minY () {
-         return Math.min(this.p0.y, this.p1.y)
-       };
-       LineSegment.prototype.midPoint = function midPoint () {
-         return LineSegment.midPoint(this.p0, this.p1)
-       };
-       LineSegment.prototype.projectionFactor = function projectionFactor (p) {
-         if (p.equals(this.p0)) { return 0.0 }
-         if (p.equals(this.p1)) { return 1.0 }
-         var dx = this.p1.x - this.p0.x;
-         var dy = this.p1.y - this.p0.y;
-         var len = dx * dx + dy * dy;
-         if (len <= 0.0) { return Double.NaN }
-         var r = ((p.x - this.p0.x) * dx + (p.y - this.p0.y) * dy) / len;
-         return r
-       };
-       LineSegment.prototype.closestPoints = function closestPoints (line) {
-         var intPt = this.intersection(line);
-         if (intPt !== null) {
-           return [intPt, intPt]
-         }
-         var closestPt = new Array(2).fill(null);
-         var minDistance = Double.MAX_VALUE;
-         var dist = null;
-         var close00 = this.closestPoint(line.p0);
-         minDistance = close00.distance(line.p0);
-         closestPt[0] = close00;
-         closestPt[1] = line.p0;
-         var close01 = this.closestPoint(line.p1);
-         dist = close01.distance(line.p1);
-         if (dist < minDistance) {
-           minDistance = dist;
-           closestPt[0] = close01;
-           closestPt[1] = line.p1;
-         }
-         var close10 = line.closestPoint(this.p0);
-         dist = close10.distance(this.p0);
-         if (dist < minDistance) {
-           minDistance = dist;
-           closestPt[0] = this.p0;
-           closestPt[1] = close10;
-         }
-         var close11 = line.closestPoint(this.p1);
-         dist = close11.distance(this.p1);
-         if (dist < minDistance) {
-           minDistance = dist;
-           closestPt[0] = this.p1;
-           closestPt[1] = close11;
-         }
-         return closestPt
-       };
-       LineSegment.prototype.closestPoint = function closestPoint (p) {
-         var factor = this.projectionFactor(p);
-         if (factor > 0 && factor < 1) {
-           return this.project(p)
-         }
-         var dist0 = this.p0.distance(p);
-         var dist1 = this.p1.distance(p);
-         if (dist0 < dist1) { return this.p0 }
-         return this.p1
-       };
-       LineSegment.prototype.maxX = function maxX () {
-         return Math.max(this.p0.x, this.p1.x)
-       };
-       LineSegment.prototype.getLength = function getLength () {
-         return this.p0.distance(this.p1)
-       };
-       LineSegment.prototype.compareTo = function compareTo (o) {
-         var other = o;
-         var comp0 = this.p0.compareTo(other.p0);
-         if (comp0 !== 0) { return comp0 }
-         return this.p1.compareTo(other.p1)
-       };
-       LineSegment.prototype.reverse = function reverse () {
-         var temp = this.p0;
-         this.p0 = this.p1;
-         this.p1 = temp;
-       };
-       LineSegment.prototype.equalsTopo = function equalsTopo (other) {
-         return this.p0.equals(other.p0) &&
-               (this.p1.equals(other.p1) || this.p0.equals(other.p1)) &&
-                this.p1.equals(other.p0)
-       };
-       LineSegment.prototype.lineIntersection = function lineIntersection (line) {
-         try {
-           var intPt = HCoordinate.intersection(this.p0, this.p1, line.p0, line.p1);
-           return intPt
-         } catch (ex) {
-           if (ex instanceof NotRepresentableException) ; else { throw ex }
-         } finally {}
-         return null
-       };
-       LineSegment.prototype.maxY = function maxY () {
-         return Math.max(this.p0.y, this.p1.y)
-       };
-       LineSegment.prototype.pointAlongOffset = function pointAlongOffset (segmentLengthFraction, offsetDistance) {
-         var segx = this.p0.x + segmentLengthFraction * (this.p1.x - this.p0.x);
-         var segy = this.p0.y + segmentLengthFraction * (this.p1.y - this.p0.y);
-         var dx = this.p1.x - this.p0.x;
-         var dy = this.p1.y - this.p0.y;
-         var len = Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
-         var ux = 0.0;
-         var uy = 0.0;
-         if (offsetDistance !== 0.0) {
-           if (len <= 0.0) { throw new Error('Cannot compute offset from zero-length line segment') }
-           ux = offsetDistance * dx / len;
-           uy = offsetDistance * dy / len;
-         }
-         var offsetx = segx - uy;
-         var offsety = segy + ux;
-         var coord = new Coordinate(offsetx, offsety);
-         return coord
-       };
-       LineSegment.prototype.setCoordinates = function setCoordinates () {
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var ls = arguments[0];
-           this.setCoordinates(ls.p0, ls.p1);
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var p0 = arguments[0];
-           var p1 = arguments[1];
-           this.p0.x = p0.x;
-           this.p0.y = p0.y;
-           this.p1.x = p1.x;
-           this.p1.y = p1.y;
-         }
-       };
-       LineSegment.prototype.segmentFraction = function segmentFraction (inputPt) {
-         var segFrac = this.projectionFactor(inputPt);
-         if (segFrac < 0.0) { segFrac = 0.0; } else if (segFrac > 1.0 || Double.isNaN(segFrac)) { segFrac = 1.0; }
-         return segFrac
-       };
-       LineSegment.prototype.toString = function toString () {
-         return 'LINESTRING( ' + this.p0.x + ' ' + this.p0.y + ', ' + this.p1.x + ' ' + this.p1.y + ')'
-       };
-       LineSegment.prototype.isHorizontal = function isHorizontal () {
-         return this.p0.y === this.p1.y
-       };
-       LineSegment.prototype.distance = function distance () {
-         if (arguments[0] instanceof LineSegment) {
-           var ls = arguments[0];
-           return CGAlgorithms.distanceLineLine(this.p0, this.p1, ls.p0, ls.p1)
-         } else if (arguments[0] instanceof Coordinate) {
-           var p = arguments[0];
-           return CGAlgorithms.distancePointLine(p, this.p0, this.p1)
-         }
-       };
-       LineSegment.prototype.pointAlong = function pointAlong (segmentLengthFraction) {
-         var coord = new Coordinate();
-         coord.x = this.p0.x + segmentLengthFraction * (this.p1.x - this.p0.x);
-         coord.y = this.p0.y + segmentLengthFraction * (this.p1.y - this.p0.y);
-         return coord
-       };
-       LineSegment.prototype.hashCode = function hashCode () {
-         var bits0 = Double.doubleToLongBits(this.p0.x);
-         bits0 ^= Double.doubleToLongBits(this.p0.y) * 31;
-         var hash0 = Math.trunc(bits0) ^ Math.trunc(bits0 >> 32);
-         var bits1 = Double.doubleToLongBits(this.p1.x);
-         bits1 ^= Double.doubleToLongBits(this.p1.y) * 31;
-         var hash1 = Math.trunc(bits1) ^ Math.trunc(bits1 >> 32);
-         return hash0 ^ hash1
-       };
-       LineSegment.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [Comparable, Serializable]
-       };
-       LineSegment.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return LineSegment
-       };
-       LineSegment.midPoint = function midPoint (p0, p1) {
-         return new Coordinate((p0.x + p1.x) / 2, (p0.y + p1.y) / 2)
-       };
-       staticAccessors$24.serialVersionUID.get = function () { return 3252005833466256227 };
+                 if (bkey.length > 32) {
+                   bkey = binb(bkey, key.length * 8);
+                 }
 
-       Object.defineProperties( LineSegment, staticAccessors$24 );
+                 for (; i < 32; i += 1) {
+                   ipad[i] = bkey[i] ^ 0x36363636;
+                   opad[i] = bkey[i] ^ 0x5C5C5C5C;
+                 }
 
-       var MonotoneChainOverlapAction = function MonotoneChainOverlapAction () {
-         this.tempEnv1 = new Envelope();
-         this.tempEnv2 = new Envelope();
-         this._overlapSeg1 = new LineSegment();
-         this._overlapSeg2 = new LineSegment();
-       };
-       MonotoneChainOverlapAction.prototype.overlap = function overlap () {
-         if (arguments.length === 2) ; else if (arguments.length === 4) {
-           var mc1 = arguments[0];
-           var start1 = arguments[1];
-           var mc2 = arguments[2];
-           var start2 = arguments[3];
-           mc1.getLineSegment(start1, this._overlapSeg1);
-           mc2.getLineSegment(start2, this._overlapSeg2);
-           this.overlap(this._overlapSeg1, this._overlapSeg2);
-         }
-       };
-       MonotoneChainOverlapAction.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       MonotoneChainOverlapAction.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return MonotoneChainOverlapAction
-       };
+                 hash = binb(ipad.concat(rstr2binb(data)), 1024 + data.length * 8);
+                 return binb2rstr(binb(opad.concat(hash), 1024 + 512));
+               }
+               /**
+                * Calculate the SHA-512 of an array of big-endian dwords, and a bit length
+                */
+
+
+               function binb(x, len) {
+                 var j,
+                     i,
+                     l,
+                     W = new Array(80),
+                     hash = new Array(16),
+                     //Initial hash values
+                 H = [new int64(0x6a09e667, -205731576), new int64(-1150833019, -2067093701), new int64(0x3c6ef372, -23791573), new int64(-1521486534, 0x5f1d36f1), new int64(0x510e527f, -1377402159), new int64(-1694144372, 0x2b3e6c1f), new int64(0x1f83d9ab, -79577749), new int64(0x5be0cd19, 0x137e2179)],
+                     T1 = new int64(0, 0),
+                     T2 = new int64(0, 0),
+                     a = new int64(0, 0),
+                     b = new int64(0, 0),
+                     c = new int64(0, 0),
+                     d = new int64(0, 0),
+                     e = new int64(0, 0),
+                     f = new int64(0, 0),
+                     g = new int64(0, 0),
+                     h = new int64(0, 0),
+                     //Temporary variables not specified by the document
+                 s0 = new int64(0, 0),
+                     s1 = new int64(0, 0),
+                     Ch = new int64(0, 0),
+                     Maj = new int64(0, 0),
+                     r1 = new int64(0, 0),
+                     r2 = new int64(0, 0),
+                     r3 = new int64(0, 0);
+
+                 if (sha512_k === undefined) {
+                   //SHA512 constants
+                   sha512_k = [new int64(0x428a2f98, -685199838), new int64(0x71374491, 0x23ef65cd), new int64(-1245643825, -330482897), new int64(-373957723, -2121671748), new int64(0x3956c25b, -213338824), new int64(0x59f111f1, -1241133031), new int64(-1841331548, -1357295717), new int64(-1424204075, -630357736), new int64(-670586216, -1560083902), new int64(0x12835b01, 0x45706fbe), new int64(0x243185be, 0x4ee4b28c), new int64(0x550c7dc3, -704662302), new int64(0x72be5d74, -226784913), new int64(-2132889090, 0x3b1696b1), new int64(-1680079193, 0x25c71235), new int64(-1046744716, -815192428), new int64(-459576895, -1628353838), new int64(-272742522, 0x384f25e3), new int64(0xfc19dc6, -1953704523), new int64(0x240ca1cc, 0x77ac9c65), new int64(0x2de92c6f, 0x592b0275), new int64(0x4a7484aa, 0x6ea6e483), new int64(0x5cb0a9dc, -1119749164), new int64(0x76f988da, -2096016459), new int64(-1740746414, -295247957), new int64(-1473132947, 0x2db43210), new int64(-1341970488, -1728372417), new int64(-1084653625, -1091629340), new int64(-958395405, 0x3da88fc2), new int64(-710438585, -1828018395), new int64(0x6ca6351, -536640913), new int64(0x14292967, 0xa0e6e70), new int64(0x27b70a85, 0x46d22ffc), new int64(0x2e1b2138, 0x5c26c926), new int64(0x4d2c6dfc, 0x5ac42aed), new int64(0x53380d13, -1651133473), new int64(0x650a7354, -1951439906), new int64(0x766a0abb, 0x3c77b2a8), new int64(-2117940946, 0x47edaee6), new int64(-1838011259, 0x1482353b), new int64(-1564481375, 0x4cf10364), new int64(-1474664885, -1136513023), new int64(-1035236496, -789014639), new int64(-949202525, 0x654be30), new int64(-778901479, -688958952), new int64(-694614492, 0x5565a910), new int64(-200395387, 0x5771202a), new int64(0x106aa070, 0x32bbd1b8), new int64(0x19a4c116, -1194143544), new int64(0x1e376c08, 0x5141ab53), new int64(0x2748774c, -544281703), new int64(0x34b0bcb5, -509917016), new int64(0x391c0cb3, -976659869), new int64(0x4ed8aa4a, -482243893), new int64(0x5b9cca4f, 0x7763e373), new int64(0x682e6ff3, -692930397), new int64(0x748f82ee, 0x5defb2fc), new int64(0x78a5636f, 0x43172f60), new int64(-2067236844, -1578062990), new int64(-1933114872, 0x1a6439ec), new int64(-1866530822, 0x23631e28), new int64(-1538233109, -561857047), new int64(-1090935817, -1295615723), new int64(-965641998, -479046869), new int64(-903397682, -366583396), new int64(-779700025, 0x21c0c207), new int64(-354779690, -840897762), new int64(-176337025, -294727304), new int64(0x6f067aa, 0x72176fba), new int64(0xa637dc5, -1563912026), new int64(0x113f9804, -1090974290), new int64(0x1b710b35, 0x131c471b), new int64(0x28db77f5, 0x23047d84), new int64(0x32caab7b, 0x40c72493), new int64(0x3c9ebe0a, 0x15c9bebc), new int64(0x431d67c4, -1676669620), new int64(0x4cc5d4be, -885112138), new int64(0x597f299c, -60457430), new int64(0x5fcb6fab, 0x3ad6faec), new int64(0x6c44198c, 0x4a475817)];
+                 }
 
-       var MonotoneChain = function MonotoneChain () {
-         this._pts = null;
-         this._start = null;
-         this._end = null;
-         this._env = null;
-         this._context = null;
-         this._id = null;
-         var pts = arguments[0];
-         var start = arguments[1];
-         var end = arguments[2];
-         var context = arguments[3];
-         this._pts = pts;
-         this._start = start;
-         this._end = end;
-         this._context = context;
-       };
-       MonotoneChain.prototype.getLineSegment = function getLineSegment (index, ls) {
-         ls.p0 = this._pts[index];
-         ls.p1 = this._pts[index + 1];
-       };
-       MonotoneChain.prototype.computeSelect = function computeSelect (searchEnv, start0, end0, mcs) {
-         var p0 = this._pts[start0];
-         var p1 = this._pts[end0];
-         mcs.tempEnv1.init(p0, p1);
-         if (end0 - start0 === 1) {
-           mcs.select(this, start0);
-           return null
-         }
-         if (!searchEnv.intersects(mcs.tempEnv1)) { return null }
-         var mid = Math.trunc((start0 + end0) / 2);
-         if (start0 < mid) {
-           this.computeSelect(searchEnv, start0, mid, mcs);
-         }
-         if (mid < end0) {
-           this.computeSelect(searchEnv, mid, end0, mcs);
-         }
-       };
-       MonotoneChain.prototype.getCoordinates = function getCoordinates () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+                 for (i = 0; i < 80; i += 1) {
+                   W[i] = new int64(0, 0);
+                 } // append padding to the source string. The format is described in the FIPS.
+
+
+                 x[len >> 5] |= 0x80 << 24 - (len & 0x1f);
+                 x[(len + 128 >> 10 << 5) + 31] = len;
+                 l = x.length;
+
+                 for (i = 0; i < l; i += 32) {
+                   //32 dwords is the block size
+                   int64copy(a, H[0]);
+                   int64copy(b, H[1]);
+                   int64copy(c, H[2]);
+                   int64copy(d, H[3]);
+                   int64copy(e, H[4]);
+                   int64copy(f, H[5]);
+                   int64copy(g, H[6]);
+                   int64copy(h, H[7]);
+
+                   for (j = 0; j < 16; j += 1) {
+                     W[j].h = x[i + 2 * j];
+                     W[j].l = x[i + 2 * j + 1];
+                   }
+
+                   for (j = 16; j < 80; j += 1) {
+                     //sigma1
+                     int64rrot(r1, W[j - 2], 19);
+                     int64revrrot(r2, W[j - 2], 29);
+                     int64shr(r3, W[j - 2], 6);
+                     s1.l = r1.l ^ r2.l ^ r3.l;
+                     s1.h = r1.h ^ r2.h ^ r3.h; //sigma0
+
+                     int64rrot(r1, W[j - 15], 1);
+                     int64rrot(r2, W[j - 15], 8);
+                     int64shr(r3, W[j - 15], 7);
+                     s0.l = r1.l ^ r2.l ^ r3.l;
+                     s0.h = r1.h ^ r2.h ^ r3.h;
+                     int64add4(W[j], s1, W[j - 7], s0, W[j - 16]);
+                   }
+
+                   for (j = 0; j < 80; j += 1) {
+                     //Ch
+                     Ch.l = e.l & f.l ^ ~e.l & g.l;
+                     Ch.h = e.h & f.h ^ ~e.h & g.h; //Sigma1
+
+                     int64rrot(r1, e, 14);
+                     int64rrot(r2, e, 18);
+                     int64revrrot(r3, e, 9);
+                     s1.l = r1.l ^ r2.l ^ r3.l;
+                     s1.h = r1.h ^ r2.h ^ r3.h; //Sigma0
+
+                     int64rrot(r1, a, 28);
+                     int64revrrot(r2, a, 2);
+                     int64revrrot(r3, a, 7);
+                     s0.l = r1.l ^ r2.l ^ r3.l;
+                     s0.h = r1.h ^ r2.h ^ r3.h; //Maj
+
+                     Maj.l = a.l & b.l ^ a.l & c.l ^ b.l & c.l;
+                     Maj.h = a.h & b.h ^ a.h & c.h ^ b.h & c.h;
+                     int64add5(T1, h, s1, Ch, sha512_k[j], W[j]);
+                     int64add(T2, s0, Maj);
+                     int64copy(h, g);
+                     int64copy(g, f);
+                     int64copy(f, e);
+                     int64add(e, d, T1);
+                     int64copy(d, c);
+                     int64copy(c, b);
+                     int64copy(b, a);
+                     int64add(a, T1, T2);
+                   }
+
+                   int64add(H[0], H[0], a);
+                   int64add(H[1], H[1], b);
+                   int64add(H[2], H[2], c);
+                   int64add(H[3], H[3], d);
+                   int64add(H[4], H[4], e);
+                   int64add(H[5], H[5], f);
+                   int64add(H[6], H[6], g);
+                   int64add(H[7], H[7], h);
+                 } //represent the hash as an array of 32-bit dwords
+
+
+                 for (i = 0; i < 8; i += 1) {
+                   hash[2 * i] = H[i].h;
+                   hash[2 * i + 1] = H[i].l;
+                 }
 
-         var coord = new Array(this._end - this._start + 1).fill(null);
-         var index = 0;
-         for (var i = this._start; i <= this._end; i++) {
-           coord[index++] = this$1._pts[i];
-         }
-         return coord
-       };
-       MonotoneChain.prototype.computeOverlaps = function computeOverlaps (mc, mco) {
-         this.computeOverlapsInternal(this._start, this._end, mc, mc._start, mc._end, mco);
-       };
-       MonotoneChain.prototype.setId = function setId (id) {
-         this._id = id;
-       };
-       MonotoneChain.prototype.select = function select (searchEnv, mcs) {
-         this.computeSelect(searchEnv, this._start, this._end, mcs);
-       };
-       MonotoneChain.prototype.getEnvelope = function getEnvelope () {
-         if (this._env === null) {
-           var p0 = this._pts[this._start];
-           var p1 = this._pts[this._end];
-           this._env = new Envelope(p0, p1);
-         }
-         return this._env
-       };
-       MonotoneChain.prototype.getEndIndex = function getEndIndex () {
-         return this._end
-       };
-       MonotoneChain.prototype.getStartIndex = function getStartIndex () {
-         return this._start
-       };
-       MonotoneChain.prototype.getContext = function getContext () {
-         return this._context
-       };
-       MonotoneChain.prototype.getId = function getId () {
-         return this._id
-       };
-       MonotoneChain.prototype.computeOverlapsInternal = function computeOverlapsInternal (start0, end0, mc, start1, end1, mco) {
-         var p00 = this._pts[start0];
-         var p01 = this._pts[end0];
-         var p10 = mc._pts[start1];
-         var p11 = mc._pts[end1];
-         if (end0 - start0 === 1 && end1 - start1 === 1) {
-           mco.overlap(this, start0, mc, start1);
-           return null
-         }
-         mco.tempEnv1.init(p00, p01);
-         mco.tempEnv2.init(p10, p11);
-         if (!mco.tempEnv1.intersects(mco.tempEnv2)) { return null }
-         var mid0 = Math.trunc((start0 + end0) / 2);
-         var mid1 = Math.trunc((start1 + end1) / 2);
-         if (start0 < mid0) {
-           if (start1 < mid1) { this.computeOverlapsInternal(start0, mid0, mc, start1, mid1, mco); }
-           if (mid1 < end1) { this.computeOverlapsInternal(start0, mid0, mc, mid1, end1, mco); }
-         }
-         if (mid0 < end0) {
-           if (start1 < mid1) { this.computeOverlapsInternal(mid0, end0, mc, start1, mid1, mco); }
-           if (mid1 < end1) { this.computeOverlapsInternal(mid0, end0, mc, mid1, end1, mco); }
-         }
-       };
-       MonotoneChain.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       MonotoneChain.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return MonotoneChain
-       };
+                 return hash;
+               } //A constructor for 64-bit numbers
 
-       var MonotoneChainBuilder = function MonotoneChainBuilder () {};
 
-       MonotoneChainBuilder.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       MonotoneChainBuilder.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return MonotoneChainBuilder
-       };
-       MonotoneChainBuilder.getChainStartIndices = function getChainStartIndices (pts) {
-         var start = 0;
-         var startIndexList = new ArrayList();
-         startIndexList.add(new Integer(start));
-         do {
-           var last = MonotoneChainBuilder.findChainEnd(pts, start);
-           startIndexList.add(new Integer(last));
-           start = last;
-         } while (start < pts.length - 1)
-         var startIndex = MonotoneChainBuilder.toIntArray(startIndexList);
-         return startIndex
-       };
-       MonotoneChainBuilder.findChainEnd = function findChainEnd (pts, start) {
-         var safeStart = start;
-         while (safeStart < pts.length - 1 && pts[safeStart].equals2D(pts[safeStart + 1])) {
-           safeStart++;
-         }
-         if (safeStart >= pts.length - 1) {
-           return pts.length - 1
-         }
-         var chainQuad = Quadrant.quadrant(pts[safeStart], pts[safeStart + 1]);
-         var last = start + 1;
-         while (last < pts.length) {
-           if (!pts[last - 1].equals2D(pts[last])) {
-             var quad = Quadrant.quadrant(pts[last - 1], pts[last]);
-             if (quad !== chainQuad) { break }
-           }
-           last++;
-         }
-         return last - 1
-       };
-       MonotoneChainBuilder.getChains = function getChains () {
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var pts = arguments[0];
-           return MonotoneChainBuilder.getChains(pts, null)
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var pts$1 = arguments[0];
-           var context = arguments[1];
-           var mcList = new ArrayList();
-           var startIndex = MonotoneChainBuilder.getChainStartIndices(pts$1);
-           for (var i = 0; i < startIndex.length - 1; i++) {
-             var mc = new MonotoneChain(pts$1, startIndex[i], startIndex[i + 1], context);
-             mcList.add(mc);
-           }
-           return mcList
-         }
-       };
-       MonotoneChainBuilder.toIntArray = function toIntArray (list) {
-         var array = new Array(list.size()).fill(null);
-         for (var i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
-           array[i] = list.get(i).intValue();
-         }
-         return array
-       };
+               function int64(h, l) {
+                 this.h = h;
+                 this.l = l; //this.toString = int64toString;
+               } //Copies src into dst, assuming both are 64-bit numbers
 
-       var Noder = function Noder () {};
 
-       Noder.prototype.computeNodes = function computeNodes (segStrings) {};
-       Noder.prototype.getNodedSubstrings = function getNodedSubstrings () {};
-       Noder.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       Noder.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return Noder
-       };
+               function int64copy(dst, src) {
+                 dst.h = src.h;
+                 dst.l = src.l;
+               } //Right-rotates a 64-bit number by shift
+               //Won't handle cases of shift>=32
+               //The function revrrot() is for that
 
-       var SinglePassNoder = function SinglePassNoder () {
-         this._segInt = null;
-         if (arguments.length === 0) ; else if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var segInt = arguments[0];
-           this.setSegmentIntersector(segInt);
-         }
-       };
-       SinglePassNoder.prototype.setSegmentIntersector = function setSegmentIntersector (segInt) {
-         this._segInt = segInt;
-       };
-       SinglePassNoder.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [Noder]
-       };
-       SinglePassNoder.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return SinglePassNoder
-       };
 
-       var MCIndexNoder = (function (SinglePassNoder$$1) {
-         function MCIndexNoder (si) {
-           if (si) { SinglePassNoder$$1.call(this, si); }
-           else { SinglePassNoder$$1.call(this); }
-           this._monoChains = new ArrayList();
-           this._index = new STRtree();
-           this._idCounter = 0;
-           this._nodedSegStrings = null;
-           this._nOverlaps = 0;
-         }
+               function int64rrot(dst, x, shift) {
+                 dst.l = x.l >>> shift | x.h << 32 - shift;
+                 dst.h = x.h >>> shift | x.l << 32 - shift;
+               } //Reverses the dwords of the source and then rotates right by shift.
+               //This is equivalent to rotation by 32+shift
 
-         if ( SinglePassNoder$$1 ) MCIndexNoder.__proto__ = SinglePassNoder$$1;
-         MCIndexNoder.prototype = Object.create( SinglePassNoder$$1 && SinglePassNoder$$1.prototype );
-         MCIndexNoder.prototype.constructor = MCIndexNoder;
 
-         var staticAccessors = { SegmentOverlapAction: { configurable: true } };
-         MCIndexNoder.prototype.getMonotoneChains = function getMonotoneChains () {
-           return this._monoChains
-         };
-         MCIndexNoder.prototype.getNodedSubstrings = function getNodedSubstrings () {
-           return NodedSegmentString.getNodedSubstrings(this._nodedSegStrings)
-         };
-         MCIndexNoder.prototype.getIndex = function getIndex () {
-           return this._index
-         };
-         MCIndexNoder.prototype.add = function add (segStr) {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-           var segChains = MonotoneChainBuilder.getChains(segStr.getCoordinates(), segStr);
-           for (var i = segChains.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
-             var mc = i.next();
-             mc.setId(this$1._idCounter++);
-             this$1._index.insert(mc.getEnvelope(), mc);
-             this$1._monoChains.add(mc);
-           }
-         };
-         MCIndexNoder.prototype.computeNodes = function computeNodes (inputSegStrings) {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-           this._nodedSegStrings = inputSegStrings;
-           for (var i = inputSegStrings.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
-             this$1.add(i.next());
-           }
-           this.intersectChains();
-         };
-         MCIndexNoder.prototype.intersectChains = function intersectChains () {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-           var overlapAction = new SegmentOverlapAction(this._segInt);
-           for (var i = this._monoChains.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
-             var queryChain = i.next();
-             var overlapChains = this$1._index.query(queryChain.getEnvelope());
-             for (var j = overlapChains.iterator(); j.hasNext();) {
-               var testChain = j.next();
-               if (testChain.getId() > queryChain.getId()) {
-                 queryChain.computeOverlaps(testChain, overlapAction);
-                 this$1._nOverlaps++;
-               }
-               if (this$1._segInt.isDone()) { return null }
-             }
-           }
-         };
-         MCIndexNoder.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-           return []
-         };
-         MCIndexNoder.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-           return MCIndexNoder
-         };
-         staticAccessors.SegmentOverlapAction.get = function () { return SegmentOverlapAction };
-
-         Object.defineProperties( MCIndexNoder, staticAccessors );
-
-         return MCIndexNoder;
-       }(SinglePassNoder));
-
-       var SegmentOverlapAction = (function (MonotoneChainOverlapAction$$1) {
-         function SegmentOverlapAction () {
-           MonotoneChainOverlapAction$$1.call(this);
-           this._si = null;
-           var si = arguments[0];
-           this._si = si;
-         }
-
-         if ( MonotoneChainOverlapAction$$1 ) SegmentOverlapAction.__proto__ = MonotoneChainOverlapAction$$1;
-         SegmentOverlapAction.prototype = Object.create( MonotoneChainOverlapAction$$1 && MonotoneChainOverlapAction$$1.prototype );
-         SegmentOverlapAction.prototype.constructor = SegmentOverlapAction;
-         SegmentOverlapAction.prototype.overlap = function overlap () {
-           if (arguments.length === 4) {
-             var mc1 = arguments[0];
-             var start1 = arguments[1];
-             var mc2 = arguments[2];
-             var start2 = arguments[3];
-             var ss1 = mc1.getContext();
-             var ss2 = mc2.getContext();
-             this._si.processIntersections(ss1, start1, ss2, start2);
-           } else { return MonotoneChainOverlapAction$$1.prototype.overlap.apply(this, arguments) }
-         };
-         SegmentOverlapAction.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-           return []
-         };
-         SegmentOverlapAction.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-           return SegmentOverlapAction
-         };
-
-         return SegmentOverlapAction;
-       }(MonotoneChainOverlapAction));
+               function int64revrrot(dst, x, shift) {
+                 dst.l = x.h >>> shift | x.l << 32 - shift;
+                 dst.h = x.l >>> shift | x.h << 32 - shift;
+               } //Bitwise-shifts right a 64-bit number by shift
+               //Won't handle shift>=32, but it's never needed in SHA512
 
-       var BufferParameters = function BufferParameters () {
-         this._quadrantSegments = BufferParameters.DEFAULT_QUADRANT_SEGMENTS;
-         this._endCapStyle = BufferParameters.CAP_ROUND;
-         this._joinStyle = BufferParameters.JOIN_ROUND;
-         this._mitreLimit = BufferParameters.DEFAULT_MITRE_LIMIT;
-         this._isSingleSided = false;
-         this._simplifyFactor = BufferParameters.DEFAULT_SIMPLIFY_FACTOR;
 
-         if (arguments.length === 0) ; else if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var quadrantSegments = arguments[0];
-           this.setQuadrantSegments(quadrantSegments);
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var quadrantSegments$1 = arguments[0];
-           var endCapStyle = arguments[1];
-           this.setQuadrantSegments(quadrantSegments$1);
-           this.setEndCapStyle(endCapStyle);
-         } else if (arguments.length === 4) {
-           var quadrantSegments$2 = arguments[0];
-           var endCapStyle$1 = arguments[1];
-           var joinStyle = arguments[2];
-           var mitreLimit = arguments[3];
-           this.setQuadrantSegments(quadrantSegments$2);
-           this.setEndCapStyle(endCapStyle$1);
-           this.setJoinStyle(joinStyle);
-           this.setMitreLimit(mitreLimit);
-         }
-       };
+               function int64shr(dst, x, shift) {
+                 dst.l = x.l >>> shift | x.h << 32 - shift;
+                 dst.h = x.h >>> shift;
+               } //Adds two 64-bit numbers
+               //Like the original implementation, does not rely on 32-bit operations
 
-       var staticAccessors$25 = { CAP_ROUND: { configurable: true },CAP_FLAT: { configurable: true },CAP_SQUARE: { configurable: true },JOIN_ROUND: { configurable: true },JOIN_MITRE: { configurable: true },JOIN_BEVEL: { configurable: true },DEFAULT_QUADRANT_SEGMENTS: { configurable: true },DEFAULT_MITRE_LIMIT: { configurable: true },DEFAULT_SIMPLIFY_FACTOR: { configurable: true } };
-       BufferParameters.prototype.getEndCapStyle = function getEndCapStyle () {
-         return this._endCapStyle
-       };
-       BufferParameters.prototype.isSingleSided = function isSingleSided () {
-         return this._isSingleSided
-       };
-       BufferParameters.prototype.setQuadrantSegments = function setQuadrantSegments (quadSegs) {
-         this._quadrantSegments = quadSegs;
-         if (this._quadrantSegments === 0) { this._joinStyle = BufferParameters.JOIN_BEVEL; }
-         if (this._quadrantSegments < 0) {
-           this._joinStyle = BufferParameters.JOIN_MITRE;
-           this._mitreLimit = Math.abs(this._quadrantSegments);
-         }
-         if (quadSegs <= 0) {
-           this._quadrantSegments = 1;
-         }
-         if (this._joinStyle !== BufferParameters.JOIN_ROUND) {
-           this._quadrantSegments = BufferParameters.DEFAULT_QUADRANT_SEGMENTS;
-         }
-       };
-       BufferParameters.prototype.getJoinStyle = function getJoinStyle () {
-         return this._joinStyle
-       };
-       BufferParameters.prototype.setJoinStyle = function setJoinStyle (joinStyle) {
-         this._joinStyle = joinStyle;
-       };
-       BufferParameters.prototype.setSimplifyFactor = function setSimplifyFactor (simplifyFactor) {
-         this._simplifyFactor = simplifyFactor < 0 ? 0 : simplifyFactor;
-       };
-       BufferParameters.prototype.getSimplifyFactor = function getSimplifyFactor () {
-         return this._simplifyFactor
-       };
-       BufferParameters.prototype.getQuadrantSegments = function getQuadrantSegments () {
-         return this._quadrantSegments
-       };
-       BufferParameters.prototype.setEndCapStyle = function setEndCapStyle (endCapStyle) {
-         this._endCapStyle = endCapStyle;
-       };
-       BufferParameters.prototype.getMitreLimit = function getMitreLimit () {
-         return this._mitreLimit
-       };
-       BufferParameters.prototype.setMitreLimit = function setMitreLimit (mitreLimit) {
-         this._mitreLimit = mitreLimit;
-       };
-       BufferParameters.prototype.setSingleSided = function setSingleSided (isSingleSided) {
-         this._isSingleSided = isSingleSided;
-       };
-       BufferParameters.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       BufferParameters.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return BufferParameters
-       };
-       BufferParameters.bufferDistanceError = function bufferDistanceError (quadSegs) {
-         var alpha = Math.PI / 2.0 / quadSegs;
-         return 1 - Math.cos(alpha / 2.0)
-       };
-       staticAccessors$25.CAP_ROUND.get = function () { return 1 };
-       staticAccessors$25.CAP_FLAT.get = function () { return 2 };
-       staticAccessors$25.CAP_SQUARE.get = function () { return 3 };
-       staticAccessors$25.JOIN_ROUND.get = function () { return 1 };
-       staticAccessors$25.JOIN_MITRE.get = function () { return 2 };
-       staticAccessors$25.JOIN_BEVEL.get = function () { return 3 };
-       staticAccessors$25.DEFAULT_QUADRANT_SEGMENTS.get = function () { return 8 };
-       staticAccessors$25.DEFAULT_MITRE_LIMIT.get = function () { return 5.0 };
-       staticAccessors$25.DEFAULT_SIMPLIFY_FACTOR.get = function () { return 0.01 };
-
-       Object.defineProperties( BufferParameters, staticAccessors$25 );
-
-       var BufferInputLineSimplifier = function BufferInputLineSimplifier (inputLine) {
-         this._distanceTol = null;
-         this._isDeleted = null;
-         this._angleOrientation = CGAlgorithms.COUNTERCLOCKWISE;
-         this._inputLine = inputLine || null;
-       };
 
-       var staticAccessors$26 = { INIT: { configurable: true },DELETE: { configurable: true },KEEP: { configurable: true },NUM_PTS_TO_CHECK: { configurable: true } };
-       BufferInputLineSimplifier.prototype.isDeletable = function isDeletable (i0, i1, i2, distanceTol) {
-         var p0 = this._inputLine[i0];
-         var p1 = this._inputLine[i1];
-         var p2 = this._inputLine[i2];
-         if (!this.isConcave(p0, p1, p2)) { return false }
-         if (!this.isShallow(p0, p1, p2, distanceTol)) { return false }
-         return this.isShallowSampled(p0, p1, i0, i2, distanceTol)
-       };
-       BufferInputLineSimplifier.prototype.deleteShallowConcavities = function deleteShallowConcavities () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+               function int64add(dst, x, y) {
+                 var w0 = (x.l & 0xffff) + (y.l & 0xffff);
+                 var w1 = (x.l >>> 16) + (y.l >>> 16) + (w0 >>> 16);
+                 var w2 = (x.h & 0xffff) + (y.h & 0xffff) + (w1 >>> 16);
+                 var w3 = (x.h >>> 16) + (y.h >>> 16) + (w2 >>> 16);
+                 dst.l = w0 & 0xffff | w1 << 16;
+                 dst.h = w2 & 0xffff | w3 << 16;
+               } //Same, except with 4 addends. Works faster than adding them one by one.
 
-         var index = 1;
-         // const maxIndex = this._inputLine.length - 1
-         var midIndex = this.findNextNonDeletedIndex(index);
-         var lastIndex = this.findNextNonDeletedIndex(midIndex);
-         var isChanged = false;
-         while (lastIndex < this._inputLine.length) {
-           var isMiddleVertexDeleted = false;
-           if (this$1.isDeletable(index, midIndex, lastIndex, this$1._distanceTol)) {
-             this$1._isDeleted[midIndex] = BufferInputLineSimplifier.DELETE;
-             isMiddleVertexDeleted = true;
-             isChanged = true;
-           }
-           if (isMiddleVertexDeleted) { index = lastIndex; } else { index = midIndex; }
-           midIndex = this$1.findNextNonDeletedIndex(index);
-           lastIndex = this$1.findNextNonDeletedIndex(midIndex);
-         }
-         return isChanged
-       };
-       BufferInputLineSimplifier.prototype.isShallowConcavity = function isShallowConcavity (p0, p1, p2, distanceTol) {
-         var orientation = CGAlgorithms.computeOrientation(p0, p1, p2);
-         var isAngleToSimplify = orientation === this._angleOrientation;
-         if (!isAngleToSimplify) { return false }
-         var dist = CGAlgorithms.distancePointLine(p1, p0, p2);
-         return dist < distanceTol
-       };
-       BufferInputLineSimplifier.prototype.isShallowSampled = function isShallowSampled (p0, p2, i0, i2, distanceTol) {
-           var this$1 = this;
 
-         var inc = Math.trunc((i2 - i0) / BufferInputLineSimplifier.NUM_PTS_TO_CHECK);
-         if (inc <= 0) { inc = 1; }
-         for (var i = i0; i < i2; i += inc) {
-           if (!this$1.isShallow(p0, p2, this$1._inputLine[i], distanceTol)) { return false }
-         }
-         return true
-       };
-       BufferInputLineSimplifier.prototype.isConcave = function isConcave (p0, p1, p2) {
-         var orientation = CGAlgorithms.computeOrientation(p0, p1, p2);
-         var isConcave = orientation === this._angleOrientation;
-         return isConcave
-       };
-       BufferInputLineSimplifier.prototype.simplify = function simplify (distanceTol) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+               function int64add4(dst, a, b, c, d) {
+                 var w0 = (a.l & 0xffff) + (b.l & 0xffff) + (c.l & 0xffff) + (d.l & 0xffff);
+                 var w1 = (a.l >>> 16) + (b.l >>> 16) + (c.l >>> 16) + (d.l >>> 16) + (w0 >>> 16);
+                 var w2 = (a.h & 0xffff) + (b.h & 0xffff) + (c.h & 0xffff) + (d.h & 0xffff) + (w1 >>> 16);
+                 var w3 = (a.h >>> 16) + (b.h >>> 16) + (c.h >>> 16) + (d.h >>> 16) + (w2 >>> 16);
+                 dst.l = w0 & 0xffff | w1 << 16;
+                 dst.h = w2 & 0xffff | w3 << 16;
+               } //Same, except with 5 addends
 
-         this._distanceTol = Math.abs(distanceTol);
-         if (distanceTol < 0) { this._angleOrientation = CGAlgorithms.CLOCKWISE; }
-         this._isDeleted = new Array(this._inputLine.length).fill(null);
-         var isChanged = false;
-         do {
-           isChanged = this$1.deleteShallowConcavities();
-         } while (isChanged)
-         return this.collapseLine()
-       };
-       BufferInputLineSimplifier.prototype.findNextNonDeletedIndex = function findNextNonDeletedIndex (index) {
-         var next = index + 1;
-         while (next < this._inputLine.length && this._isDeleted[next] === BufferInputLineSimplifier.DELETE) { next++; }
-         return next
-       };
-       BufferInputLineSimplifier.prototype.isShallow = function isShallow (p0, p1, p2, distanceTol) {
-         var dist = CGAlgorithms.distancePointLine(p1, p0, p2);
-         return dist < distanceTol
-       };
-       BufferInputLineSimplifier.prototype.collapseLine = function collapseLine () {
-           var this$1 = this;
 
-         var coordList = new CoordinateList();
-         for (var i = 0; i < this._inputLine.length; i++) {
-           if (this$1._isDeleted[i] !== BufferInputLineSimplifier.DELETE) { coordList.add(this$1._inputLine[i]); }
-         }
-         return coordList.toCoordinateArray()
-       };
-       BufferInputLineSimplifier.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       BufferInputLineSimplifier.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return BufferInputLineSimplifier
-       };
-       BufferInputLineSimplifier.simplify = function simplify (inputLine, distanceTol) {
-         var simp = new BufferInputLineSimplifier(inputLine);
-         return simp.simplify(distanceTol)
-       };
-       staticAccessors$26.INIT.get = function () { return 0 };
-       staticAccessors$26.DELETE.get = function () { return 1 };
-       staticAccessors$26.KEEP.get = function () { return 1 };
-       staticAccessors$26.NUM_PTS_TO_CHECK.get = function () { return 10 };
-
-       Object.defineProperties( BufferInputLineSimplifier, staticAccessors$26 );
-
-       var OffsetSegmentString = function OffsetSegmentString () {
-         this._ptList = null;
-         this._precisionModel = null;
-         this._minimimVertexDistance = 0.0;
-         this._ptList = new ArrayList();
-       };
+               function int64add5(dst, a, b, c, d, e) {
+                 var w0 = (a.l & 0xffff) + (b.l & 0xffff) + (c.l & 0xffff) + (d.l & 0xffff) + (e.l & 0xffff),
+                     w1 = (a.l >>> 16) + (b.l >>> 16) + (c.l >>> 16) + (d.l >>> 16) + (e.l >>> 16) + (w0 >>> 16),
+                     w2 = (a.h & 0xffff) + (b.h & 0xffff) + (c.h & 0xffff) + (d.h & 0xffff) + (e.h & 0xffff) + (w1 >>> 16),
+                     w3 = (a.h >>> 16) + (b.h >>> 16) + (c.h >>> 16) + (d.h >>> 16) + (e.h >>> 16) + (w2 >>> 16);
+                 dst.l = w0 & 0xffff | w1 << 16;
+                 dst.h = w2 & 0xffff | w3 << 16;
+               }
+             },
 
-       var staticAccessors$28 = { COORDINATE_ARRAY_TYPE: { configurable: true } };
-       OffsetSegmentString.prototype.getCoordinates = function getCoordinates () {
-         var coord = this._ptList.toArray(OffsetSegmentString.COORDINATE_ARRAY_TYPE);
-         return coord
-       };
-       OffsetSegmentString.prototype.setPrecisionModel = function setPrecisionModel (precisionModel) {
-         this._precisionModel = precisionModel;
-       };
-       OffsetSegmentString.prototype.addPt = function addPt (pt) {
-         var bufPt = new Coordinate(pt);
-         this._precisionModel.makePrecise(bufPt);
-         if (this.isRedundant(bufPt)) { return null }
-         this._ptList.add(bufPt);
-       };
-       OffsetSegmentString.prototype.revere = function revere () {};
-       OffsetSegmentString.prototype.addPts = function addPts (pt, isForward) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+             /**
+              * @class Hashes.RMD160
+              * @constructor
+              * @param {Object} [config]
+              *
+              * A JavaScript implementation of the RIPEMD-160 Algorithm
+              * Version 2.2 Copyright Jeremy Lin, Paul Johnston 2000 - 2009.
+              * Other contributors: Greg Holt, Andrew Kepert, Ydnar, Lostinet
+              * See http://pajhome.org.uk/crypt/md5 for details.
+              * Also http://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~jjlin/jsotp/
+              */
+             RMD160: function RMD160(options) {
+               /**
+                * Private properties configuration variables. You may need to tweak these to be compatible with
+                * the server-side, but the defaults work in most cases.
+                * @see this.setUpperCase() method
+                * @see this.setPad() method
+                */
+               options && typeof options.uppercase === 'boolean' ? options.uppercase : false;
+
+               var /* hexadecimal output case format. false - lowercase; true - uppercase  */
+               b64pad = options && typeof options.pad === 'string' ? options.pa : '=',
 
-         if (isForward) {
-           for (var i = 0; i < pt.length; i++) {
-             this$1.addPt(pt[i]);
-           }
-         } else {
-           for (var i$1 = pt.length - 1; i$1 >= 0; i$1--) {
-             this$1.addPt(pt[i$1]);
-           }
-         }
-       };
-       OffsetSegmentString.prototype.isRedundant = function isRedundant (pt) {
-         if (this._ptList.size() < 1) { return false }
-         var lastPt = this._ptList.get(this._ptList.size() - 1);
-         var ptDist = pt.distance(lastPt);
-         if (ptDist < this._minimimVertexDistance) { return true }
-         return false
-       };
-       OffsetSegmentString.prototype.toString = function toString () {
-         var fact = new GeometryFactory();
-         var line = fact.createLineString(this.getCoordinates());
-         return line.toString()
-       };
-       OffsetSegmentString.prototype.closeRing = function closeRing () {
-         if (this._ptList.size() < 1) { return null }
-         var startPt = new Coordinate(this._ptList.get(0));
-         var lastPt = this._ptList.get(this._ptList.size() - 1);
-         // const last2Pt = null
-         // if (this._ptList.size() >= 2) last2Pt = this._ptList.get(this._ptList.size() - 2)
-         if (startPt.equals(lastPt)) { return null }
-         this._ptList.add(startPt);
-       };
-       OffsetSegmentString.prototype.setMinimumVertexDistance = function setMinimumVertexDistance (minimimVertexDistance) {
-         this._minimimVertexDistance = minimimVertexDistance;
-       };
-       OffsetSegmentString.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       OffsetSegmentString.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return OffsetSegmentString
-       };
-       staticAccessors$28.COORDINATE_ARRAY_TYPE.get = function () { return new Array(0).fill(null) };
+               /* base-64 pad character. Default '=' for strict RFC compliance   */
+               utf8 = options && typeof options.utf8 === 'boolean' ? options.utf8 : true,
 
-       Object.defineProperties( OffsetSegmentString, staticAccessors$28 );
+               /* enable/disable utf8 encoding */
+               rmd160_r1 = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 7, 4, 13, 1, 10, 6, 15, 3, 12, 0, 9, 5, 2, 14, 11, 8, 3, 10, 14, 4, 9, 15, 8, 1, 2, 7, 0, 6, 13, 11, 5, 12, 1, 9, 11, 10, 0, 8, 12, 4, 13, 3, 7, 15, 14, 5, 6, 2, 4, 0, 5, 9, 7, 12, 2, 10, 14, 1, 3, 8, 11, 6, 15, 13],
+                   rmd160_r2 = [5, 14, 7, 0, 9, 2, 11, 4, 13, 6, 15, 8, 1, 10, 3, 12, 6, 11, 3, 7, 0, 13, 5, 10, 14, 15, 8, 12, 4, 9, 1, 2, 15, 5, 1, 3, 7, 14, 6, 9, 11, 8, 12, 2, 10, 0, 4, 13, 8, 6, 4, 1, 3, 11, 15, 0, 5, 12, 2, 13, 9, 7, 10, 14, 12, 15, 10, 4, 1, 5, 8, 7, 6, 2, 13, 14, 0, 3, 9, 11],
+                   rmd160_s1 = [11, 14, 15, 12, 5, 8, 7, 9, 11, 13, 14, 15, 6, 7, 9, 8, 7, 6, 8, 13, 11, 9, 7, 15, 7, 12, 15, 9, 11, 7, 13, 12, 11, 13, 6, 7, 14, 9, 13, 15, 14, 8, 13, 6, 5, 12, 7, 5, 11, 12, 14, 15, 14, 15, 9, 8, 9, 14, 5, 6, 8, 6, 5, 12, 9, 15, 5, 11, 6, 8, 13, 12, 5, 12, 13, 14, 11, 8, 5, 6],
+                   rmd160_s2 = [8, 9, 9, 11, 13, 15, 15, 5, 7, 7, 8, 11, 14, 14, 12, 6, 9, 13, 15, 7, 12, 8, 9, 11, 7, 7, 12, 7, 6, 15, 13, 11, 9, 7, 15, 11, 8, 6, 6, 14, 12, 13, 5, 14, 13, 13, 7, 5, 15, 5, 8, 11, 14, 14, 6, 14, 6, 9, 12, 9, 12, 5, 15, 8, 8, 5, 12, 9, 12, 5, 14, 6, 8, 13, 6, 5, 15, 13, 11, 11];
+               /* privileged (public) methods */
+
+               this.hex = function (s) {
+                 return rstr2hex(rstr(s));
+               };
 
-       var Angle = function Angle () {};
+               this.b64 = function (s) {
+                 return rstr2b64(rstr(s), b64pad);
+               };
 
-       var staticAccessors$29 = { PI_TIMES_2: { configurable: true },PI_OVER_2: { configurable: true },PI_OVER_4: { configurable: true },COUNTERCLOCKWISE: { configurable: true },CLOCKWISE: { configurable: true },NONE: { configurable: true } };
+               this.any = function (s, e) {
+                 return rstr2any(rstr(s), e);
+               };
 
-       Angle.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       Angle.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return Angle
-       };
-       Angle.toDegrees = function toDegrees (radians) {
-         return radians * 180 / Math.PI
-       };
-       Angle.normalize = function normalize (angle) {
-         while (angle > Math.PI) { angle -= Angle.PI_TIMES_2; }
-         while (angle <= -Math.PI) { angle += Angle.PI_TIMES_2; }
-         return angle
-       };
-       Angle.angle = function angle () {
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var p = arguments[0];
-           return Math.atan2(p.y, p.x)
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var p0 = arguments[0];
-           var p1 = arguments[1];
-           var dx = p1.x - p0.x;
-           var dy = p1.y - p0.y;
-           return Math.atan2(dy, dx)
-         }
-       };
-       Angle.isAcute = function isAcute (p0, p1, p2) {
-         var dx0 = p0.x - p1.x;
-         var dy0 = p0.y - p1.y;
-         var dx1 = p2.x - p1.x;
-         var dy1 = p2.y - p1.y;
-         var dotprod = dx0 * dx1 + dy0 * dy1;
-         return dotprod > 0
-       };
-       Angle.isObtuse = function isObtuse (p0, p1, p2) {
-         var dx0 = p0.x - p1.x;
-         var dy0 = p0.y - p1.y;
-         var dx1 = p2.x - p1.x;
-         var dy1 = p2.y - p1.y;
-         var dotprod = dx0 * dx1 + dy0 * dy1;
-         return dotprod < 0
-       };
-       Angle.interiorAngle = function interiorAngle (p0, p1, p2) {
-         var anglePrev = Angle.angle(p1, p0);
-         var angleNext = Angle.angle(p1, p2);
-         return Math.abs(angleNext - anglePrev)
-       };
-       Angle.normalizePositive = function normalizePositive (angle) {
-         if (angle < 0.0) {
-           while (angle < 0.0) { angle += Angle.PI_TIMES_2; }
-           if (angle >= Angle.PI_TIMES_2) { angle = 0.0; }
-         } else {
-           while (angle >= Angle.PI_TIMES_2) { angle -= Angle.PI_TIMES_2; }
-           if (angle < 0.0) { angle = 0.0; }
-         }
-         return angle
-       };
-       Angle.angleBetween = function angleBetween (tip1, tail, tip2) {
-         var a1 = Angle.angle(tail, tip1);
-         var a2 = Angle.angle(tail, tip2);
-         return Angle.diff(a1, a2)
-       };
-       Angle.diff = function diff (ang1, ang2) {
-         var delAngle = null;
-         if (ang1 < ang2) {
-           delAngle = ang2 - ang1;
-         } else {
-           delAngle = ang1 - ang2;
-         }
-         if (delAngle > Math.PI) {
-           delAngle = 2 * Math.PI - delAngle;
-         }
-         return delAngle
-       };
-       Angle.toRadians = function toRadians (angleDegrees) {
-         return angleDegrees * Math.PI / 180.0
-       };
-       Angle.getTurn = function getTurn (ang1, ang2) {
-         var crossproduct = Math.sin(ang2 - ang1);
-         if (crossproduct > 0) {
-           return Angle.COUNTERCLOCKWISE
-         }
-         if (crossproduct < 0) {
-           return Angle.CLOCKWISE
-         }
-         return Angle.NONE
-       };
-       Angle.angleBetweenOriented = function angleBetweenOriented (tip1, tail, tip2) {
-         var a1 = Angle.angle(tail, tip1);
-         var a2 = Angle.angle(tail, tip2);
-         var angDel = a2 - a1;
-         if (angDel <= -Math.PI) { return angDel + Angle.PI_TIMES_2 }
-         if (angDel > Math.PI) { return angDel - Angle.PI_TIMES_2 }
-         return angDel
-       };
-       staticAccessors$29.PI_TIMES_2.get = function () { return 2.0 * Math.PI };
-       staticAccessors$29.PI_OVER_2.get = function () { return Math.PI / 2.0 };
-       staticAccessors$29.PI_OVER_4.get = function () { return Math.PI / 4.0 };
-       staticAccessors$29.COUNTERCLOCKWISE.get = function () { return CGAlgorithms.COUNTERCLOCKWISE };
-       staticAccessors$29.CLOCKWISE.get = function () { return CGAlgorithms.CLOCKWISE };
-       staticAccessors$29.NONE.get = function () { return CGAlgorithms.COLLINEAR };
-
-       Object.defineProperties( Angle, staticAccessors$29 );
-
-       var OffsetSegmentGenerator = function OffsetSegmentGenerator () {
-         this._maxCurveSegmentError = 0.0;
-         this._filletAngleQuantum = null;
-         this._closingSegLengthFactor = 1;
-         this._segList = null;
-         this._distance = 0.0;
-         this._precisionModel = null;
-         this._bufParams = null;
-         this._li = null;
-         this._s0 = null;
-         this._s1 = null;
-         this._s2 = null;
-         this._seg0 = new LineSegment();
-         this._seg1 = new LineSegment();
-         this._offset0 = new LineSegment();
-         this._offset1 = new LineSegment();
-         this._side = 0;
-         this._hasNarrowConcaveAngle = false;
-         var precisionModel = arguments[0];
-         var bufParams = arguments[1];
-         var distance = arguments[2];
-         this._precisionModel = precisionModel;
-         this._bufParams = bufParams;
-         this._li = new RobustLineIntersector();
-         this._filletAngleQuantum = Math.PI / 2.0 / bufParams.getQuadrantSegments();
-         if (bufParams.getQuadrantSegments() >= 8 && bufParams.getJoinStyle() === BufferParameters.JOIN_ROUND) { this._closingSegLengthFactor = OffsetSegmentGenerator.MAX_CLOSING_SEG_LEN_FACTOR; }
-         this.init(distance);
-       };
+               this.raw = function (s) {
+                 return rstr(s);
+               };
 
-       var staticAccessors$27 = { OFFSET_SEGMENT_SEPARATION_FACTOR: { configurable: true },INSIDE_TURN_VERTEX_SNAP_DISTANCE_FACTOR: { configurable: true },CURVE_VERTEX_SNAP_DISTANCE_FACTOR: { configurable: true },MAX_CLOSING_SEG_LEN_FACTOR: { configurable: true } };
-       OffsetSegmentGenerator.prototype.addNextSegment = function addNextSegment (p, addStartPoint) {
-         this._s0 = this._s1;
-         this._s1 = this._s2;
-         this._s2 = p;
-         this._seg0.setCoordinates(this._s0, this._s1);
-         this.computeOffsetSegment(this._seg0, this._side, this._distance, this._offset0);
-         this._seg1.setCoordinates(this._s1, this._s2);
-         this.computeOffsetSegment(this._seg1, this._side, this._distance, this._offset1);
-         if (this._s1.equals(this._s2)) { return null }
-         var orientation = CGAlgorithms.computeOrientation(this._s0, this._s1, this._s2);
-         var outsideTurn = (orientation === CGAlgorithms.CLOCKWISE && this._side === Position.LEFT) || (orientation === CGAlgorithms.COUNTERCLOCKWISE && this._side === Position.RIGHT);
-         if (orientation === 0) {
-           this.addCollinear(addStartPoint);
-         } else if (outsideTurn) {
-           this.addOutsideTurn(orientation, addStartPoint);
-         } else {
-           this.addInsideTurn(orientation, addStartPoint);
-         }
-       };
-       OffsetSegmentGenerator.prototype.addLineEndCap = function addLineEndCap (p0, p1) {
-         var seg = new LineSegment(p0, p1);
-         var offsetL = new LineSegment();
-         this.computeOffsetSegment(seg, Position.LEFT, this._distance, offsetL);
-         var offsetR = new LineSegment();
-         this.computeOffsetSegment(seg, Position.RIGHT, this._distance, offsetR);
-         var dx = p1.x - p0.x;
-         var dy = p1.y - p0.y;
-         var angle = Math.atan2(dy, dx);
-         switch (this._bufParams.getEndCapStyle()) {
-           case BufferParameters.CAP_ROUND:
-             this._segList.addPt(offsetL.p1);
-             this.addFilletArc(p1, angle + Math.PI / 2, angle - Math.PI / 2, CGAlgorithms.CLOCKWISE, this._distance);
-             this._segList.addPt(offsetR.p1);
-             break
-           case BufferParameters.CAP_FLAT:
-             this._segList.addPt(offsetL.p1);
-             this._segList.addPt(offsetR.p1);
-             break
-           case BufferParameters.CAP_SQUARE:
-             var squareCapSideOffset = new Coordinate();
-             squareCapSideOffset.x = Math.abs(this._distance) * Math.cos(angle);
-             squareCapSideOffset.y = Math.abs(this._distance) * Math.sin(angle);
-             var squareCapLOffset = new Coordinate(offsetL.p1.x + squareCapSideOffset.x, offsetL.p1.y + squareCapSideOffset.y);
-             var squareCapROffset = new Coordinate(offsetR.p1.x + squareCapSideOffset.x, offsetR.p1.y + squareCapSideOffset.y);
-             this._segList.addPt(squareCapLOffset);
-             this._segList.addPt(squareCapROffset);
-             break
-         }
-       };
-       OffsetSegmentGenerator.prototype.getCoordinates = function getCoordinates () {
-         var pts = this._segList.getCoordinates();
-         return pts
-       };
-       OffsetSegmentGenerator.prototype.addMitreJoin = function addMitreJoin (p, offset0, offset1, distance) {
-         var isMitreWithinLimit = true;
-         var intPt = null;
-         try {
-           intPt = HCoordinate.intersection(offset0.p0, offset0.p1, offset1.p0, offset1.p1);
-           var mitreRatio = distance <= 0.0 ? 1.0 : intPt.distance(p) / Math.abs(distance);
-           if (mitreRatio > this._bufParams.getMitreLimit()) { isMitreWithinLimit = false; }
-         } catch (ex) {
-           if (ex instanceof NotRepresentableException) {
-             intPt = new Coordinate(0, 0);
-             isMitreWithinLimit = false;
-           } else { throw ex }
-         } finally {}
-         if (isMitreWithinLimit) {
-           this._segList.addPt(intPt);
-         } else {
-           this.addLimitedMitreJoin(offset0, offset1, distance, this._bufParams.getMitreLimit());
-         }
-       };
-       OffsetSegmentGenerator.prototype.addFilletCorner = function addFilletCorner (p, p0, p1, direction, radius) {
-         var dx0 = p0.x - p.x;
-         var dy0 = p0.y - p.y;
-         var startAngle = Math.atan2(dy0, dx0);
-         var dx1 = p1.x - p.x;
-         var dy1 = p1.y - p.y;
-         var endAngle = Math.atan2(dy1, dx1);
-         if (direction === CGAlgorithms.CLOCKWISE) {
-           if (startAngle <= endAngle) { startAngle += 2.0 * Math.PI; }
-         } else {
-           if (startAngle >= endAngle) { startAngle -= 2.0 * Math.PI; }
-         }
-         this._segList.addPt(p0);
-         this.addFilletArc(p, startAngle, endAngle, direction, radius);
-         this._segList.addPt(p1);
-       };
-       OffsetSegmentGenerator.prototype.addOutsideTurn = function addOutsideTurn (orientation, addStartPoint) {
-         if (this._offset0.p1.distance(this._offset1.p0) < this._distance * OffsetSegmentGenerator.OFFSET_SEGMENT_SEPARATION_FACTOR) {
-           this._segList.addPt(this._offset0.p1);
-           return null
-         }
-         if (this._bufParams.getJoinStyle() === BufferParameters.JOIN_MITRE) {
-           this.addMitreJoin(this._s1, this._offset0, this._offset1, this._distance);
-         } else if (this._bufParams.getJoinStyle() === BufferParameters.JOIN_BEVEL) {
-           this.addBevelJoin(this._offset0, this._offset1);
-         } else {
-           if (addStartPoint) { this._segList.addPt(this._offset0.p1); }
-           this.addFilletCorner(this._s1, this._offset0.p1, this._offset1.p0, orientation, this._distance);
-           this._segList.addPt(this._offset1.p0);
-         }
-       };
-       OffsetSegmentGenerator.prototype.createSquare = function createSquare (p) {
-         this._segList.addPt(new Coordinate(p.x + this._distance, p.y + this._distance));
-         this._segList.addPt(new Coordinate(p.x + this._distance, p.y - this._distance));
-         this._segList.addPt(new Coordinate(p.x - this._distance, p.y - this._distance));
-         this._segList.addPt(new Coordinate(p.x - this._distance, p.y + this._distance));
-         this._segList.closeRing();
-       };
-       OffsetSegmentGenerator.prototype.addSegments = function addSegments (pt, isForward) {
-         this._segList.addPts(pt, isForward);
-       };
-       OffsetSegmentGenerator.prototype.addFirstSegment = function addFirstSegment () {
-         this._segList.addPt(this._offset1.p0);
-       };
-       OffsetSegmentGenerator.prototype.addLastSegment = function addLastSegment () {
-         this._segList.addPt(this._offset1.p1);
-       };
-       OffsetSegmentGenerator.prototype.initSideSegments = function initSideSegments (s1, s2, side) {
-         this._s1 = s1;
-         this._s2 = s2;
-         this._side = side;
-         this._seg1.setCoordinates(s1, s2);
-         this.computeOffsetSegment(this._seg1, side, this._distance, this._offset1);
-       };
-       OffsetSegmentGenerator.prototype.addLimitedMitreJoin = function addLimitedMitreJoin (offset0, offset1, distance, mitreLimit) {
-         var basePt = this._seg0.p1;
-         var ang0 = Angle.angle(basePt, this._seg0.p0);
-         // const ang1 = Angle.angle(basePt, this._seg1.p1)
-         var angDiff = Angle.angleBetweenOriented(this._seg0.p0, basePt, this._seg1.p1);
-         var angDiffHalf = angDiff / 2;
-         var midAng = Angle.normalize(ang0 + angDiffHalf);
-         var mitreMidAng = Angle.normalize(midAng + Math.PI);
-         var mitreDist = mitreLimit * distance;
-         var bevelDelta = mitreDist * Math.abs(Math.sin(angDiffHalf));
-         var bevelHalfLen = distance - bevelDelta;
-         var bevelMidX = basePt.x + mitreDist * Math.cos(mitreMidAng);
-         var bevelMidY = basePt.y + mitreDist * Math.sin(mitreMidAng);
-         var bevelMidPt = new Coordinate(bevelMidX, bevelMidY);
-         var mitreMidLine = new LineSegment(basePt, bevelMidPt);
-         var bevelEndLeft = mitreMidLine.pointAlongOffset(1.0, bevelHalfLen);
-         var bevelEndRight = mitreMidLine.pointAlongOffset(1.0, -bevelHalfLen);
-         if (this._side === Position.LEFT) {
-           this._segList.addPt(bevelEndLeft);
-           this._segList.addPt(bevelEndRight);
-         } else {
-           this._segList.addPt(bevelEndRight);
-           this._segList.addPt(bevelEndLeft);
-         }
-       };
-       OffsetSegmentGenerator.prototype.computeOffsetSegment = function computeOffsetSegment (seg, side, distance, offset) {
-         var sideSign = side === Position.LEFT ? 1 : -1;
-         var dx = seg.p1.x - seg.p0.x;
-         var dy = seg.p1.y - seg.p0.y;
-         var len = Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
-         var ux = sideSign * distance * dx / len;
-         var uy = sideSign * distance * dy / len;
-         offset.p0.x = seg.p0.x - uy;
-         offset.p0.y = seg.p0.y + ux;
-         offset.p1.x = seg.p1.x - uy;
-         offset.p1.y = seg.p1.y + ux;
-       };
-       OffsetSegmentGenerator.prototype.addFilletArc = function addFilletArc (p, startAngle, endAngle, direction, radius) {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-         var directionFactor = direction === CGAlgorithms.CLOCKWISE ? -1 : 1;
-         var totalAngle = Math.abs(startAngle - endAngle);
-         var nSegs = Math.trunc(totalAngle / this._filletAngleQuantum + 0.5);
-         if (nSegs < 1) { return null }
-         var initAngle = 0.0;
-         var currAngleInc = totalAngle / nSegs;
-         var currAngle = initAngle;
-         var pt = new Coordinate();
-         while (currAngle < totalAngle) {
-           var angle = startAngle + directionFactor * currAngle;
-           pt.x = p.x + radius * Math.cos(angle);
-           pt.y = p.y + radius * Math.sin(angle);
-           this$1._segList.addPt(pt);
-           currAngle += currAngleInc;
-         }
-       };
-       OffsetSegmentGenerator.prototype.addInsideTurn = function addInsideTurn (orientation, addStartPoint) {
-         this._li.computeIntersection(this._offset0.p0, this._offset0.p1, this._offset1.p0, this._offset1.p1);
-         if (this._li.hasIntersection()) {
-           this._segList.addPt(this._li.getIntersection(0));
-         } else {
-           this._hasNarrowConcaveAngle = true;
-           if (this._offset0.p1.distance(this._offset1.p0) < this._distance * OffsetSegmentGenerator.INSIDE_TURN_VERTEX_SNAP_DISTANCE_FACTOR) {
-             this._segList.addPt(this._offset0.p1);
-           } else {
-             this._segList.addPt(this._offset0.p1);
-             if (this._closingSegLengthFactor > 0) {
-               var mid0 = new Coordinate((this._closingSegLengthFactor * this._offset0.p1.x + this._s1.x) / (this._closingSegLengthFactor + 1), (this._closingSegLengthFactor * this._offset0.p1.y + this._s1.y) / (this._closingSegLengthFactor + 1));
-               this._segList.addPt(mid0);
-               var mid1 = new Coordinate((this._closingSegLengthFactor * this._offset1.p0.x + this._s1.x) / (this._closingSegLengthFactor + 1), (this._closingSegLengthFactor * this._offset1.p0.y + this._s1.y) / (this._closingSegLengthFactor + 1));
-               this._segList.addPt(mid1);
-             } else {
-               this._segList.addPt(this._s1);
-             }
-             this._segList.addPt(this._offset1.p0);
-           }
-         }
-       };
-       OffsetSegmentGenerator.prototype.createCircle = function createCircle (p) {
-         var pt = new Coordinate(p.x + this._distance, p.y);
-         this._segList.addPt(pt);
-         this.addFilletArc(p, 0.0, 2.0 * Math.PI, -1, this._distance);
-         this._segList.closeRing();
-       };
-       OffsetSegmentGenerator.prototype.addBevelJoin = function addBevelJoin (offset0, offset1) {
-         this._segList.addPt(offset0.p1);
-         this._segList.addPt(offset1.p0);
-       };
-       OffsetSegmentGenerator.prototype.init = function init (distance) {
-         this._distance = distance;
-         this._maxCurveSegmentError = distance * (1 - Math.cos(this._filletAngleQuantum / 2.0));
-         this._segList = new OffsetSegmentString();
-         this._segList.setPrecisionModel(this._precisionModel);
-         this._segList.setMinimumVertexDistance(distance * OffsetSegmentGenerator.CURVE_VERTEX_SNAP_DISTANCE_FACTOR);
-       };
-       OffsetSegmentGenerator.prototype.addCollinear = function addCollinear (addStartPoint) {
-         this._li.computeIntersection(this._s0, this._s1, this._s1, this._s2);
-         var numInt = this._li.getIntersectionNum();
-         if (numInt >= 2) {
-           if (this._bufParams.getJoinStyle() === BufferParameters.JOIN_BEVEL || this._bufParams.getJoinStyle() === BufferParameters.JOIN_MITRE) {
-             if (addStartPoint) { this._segList.addPt(this._offset0.p1); }
-             this._segList.addPt(this._offset1.p0);
-           } else {
-             this.addFilletCorner(this._s1, this._offset0.p1, this._offset1.p0, CGAlgorithms.CLOCKWISE, this._distance);
-           }
-         }
-       };
-       OffsetSegmentGenerator.prototype.closeRing = function closeRing () {
-         this._segList.closeRing();
-       };
-       OffsetSegmentGenerator.prototype.hasNarrowConcaveAngle = function hasNarrowConcaveAngle () {
-         return this._hasNarrowConcaveAngle
-       };
-       OffsetSegmentGenerator.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       OffsetSegmentGenerator.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return OffsetSegmentGenerator
-       };
-       staticAccessors$27.OFFSET_SEGMENT_SEPARATION_FACTOR.get = function () { return 1.0E-3 };
-       staticAccessors$27.INSIDE_TURN_VERTEX_SNAP_DISTANCE_FACTOR.get = function () { return 1.0E-3 };
-       staticAccessors$27.CURVE_VERTEX_SNAP_DISTANCE_FACTOR.get = function () { return 1.0E-6 };
-       staticAccessors$27.MAX_CLOSING_SEG_LEN_FACTOR.get = function () { return 80 };
-
-       Object.defineProperties( OffsetSegmentGenerator, staticAccessors$27 );
-
-       var OffsetCurveBuilder = function OffsetCurveBuilder () {
-         this._distance = 0.0;
-         this._precisionModel = null;
-         this._bufParams = null;
-         var precisionModel = arguments[0];
-         var bufParams = arguments[1];
-         this._precisionModel = precisionModel;
-         this._bufParams = bufParams;
-       };
-       OffsetCurveBuilder.prototype.getOffsetCurve = function getOffsetCurve (inputPts, distance) {
-         this._distance = distance;
-         if (distance === 0.0) { return null }
-         var isRightSide = distance < 0.0;
-         var posDistance = Math.abs(distance);
-         var segGen = this.getSegGen(posDistance);
-         if (inputPts.length <= 1) {
-           this.computePointCurve(inputPts[0], segGen);
-         } else {
-           this.computeOffsetCurve(inputPts, isRightSide, segGen);
-         }
-         var curvePts = segGen.getCoordinates();
-         if (isRightSide) { CoordinateArrays.reverse(curvePts); }
-         return curvePts
-       };
-       OffsetCurveBuilder.prototype.computeSingleSidedBufferCurve = function computeSingleSidedBufferCurve (inputPts, isRightSide, segGen) {
-         var distTol = this.simplifyTolerance(this._distance);
-         if (isRightSide) {
-           segGen.addSegments(inputPts, true);
-           var simp2 = BufferInputLineSimplifier.simplify(inputPts, -distTol);
-           var n2 = simp2.length - 1;
-           segGen.initSideSegments(simp2[n2], simp2[n2 - 1], Position.LEFT);
-           segGen.addFirstSegment();
-           for (var i = n2 - 2; i >= 0; i--) {
-             segGen.addNextSegment(simp2[i], true);
-           }
-         } else {
-           segGen.addSegments(inputPts, false);
-           var simp1 = BufferInputLineSimplifier.simplify(inputPts, distTol);
-           var n1 = simp1.length - 1;
-           segGen.initSideSegments(simp1[0], simp1[1], Position.LEFT);
-           segGen.addFirstSegment();
-           for (var i$1 = 2; i$1 <= n1; i$1++) {
-             segGen.addNextSegment(simp1[i$1], true);
-           }
-         }
-         segGen.addLastSegment();
-         segGen.closeRing();
-       };
-       OffsetCurveBuilder.prototype.computeRingBufferCurve = function computeRingBufferCurve (inputPts, side, segGen) {
-         var distTol = this.simplifyTolerance(this._distance);
-         if (side === Position.RIGHT) { distTol = -distTol; }
-         var simp = BufferInputLineSimplifier.simplify(inputPts, distTol);
-         var n = simp.length - 1;
-         segGen.initSideSegments(simp[n - 1], simp[0], side);
-         for (var i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
-           var addStartPoint = i !== 1;
-           segGen.addNextSegment(simp[i], addStartPoint);
-         }
-         segGen.closeRing();
-       };
-       OffsetCurveBuilder.prototype.computeLineBufferCurve = function computeLineBufferCurve (inputPts, segGen) {
-         var distTol = this.simplifyTolerance(this._distance);
-         var simp1 = BufferInputLineSimplifier.simplify(inputPts, distTol);
-         var n1 = simp1.length - 1;
-         segGen.initSideSegments(simp1[0], simp1[1], Position.LEFT);
-         for (var i = 2; i <= n1; i++) {
-           segGen.addNextSegment(simp1[i], true);
-         }
-         segGen.addLastSegment();
-         segGen.addLineEndCap(simp1[n1 - 1], simp1[n1]);
-         var simp2 = BufferInputLineSimplifier.simplify(inputPts, -distTol);
-         var n2 = simp2.length - 1;
-         segGen.initSideSegments(simp2[n2], simp2[n2 - 1], Position.LEFT);
-         for (var i$1 = n2 - 2; i$1 >= 0; i$1--) {
-           segGen.addNextSegment(simp2[i$1], true);
-         }
-         segGen.addLastSegment();
-         segGen.addLineEndCap(simp2[1], simp2[0]);
-         segGen.closeRing();
-       };
-       OffsetCurveBuilder.prototype.computePointCurve = function computePointCurve (pt, segGen) {
-         switch (this._bufParams.getEndCapStyle()) {
-           case BufferParameters.CAP_ROUND:
-             segGen.createCircle(pt);
-             break
-           case BufferParameters.CAP_SQUARE:
-             segGen.createSquare(pt);
-             break
-         }
-       };
-       OffsetCurveBuilder.prototype.getLineCurve = function getLineCurve (inputPts, distance) {
-         this._distance = distance;
-         if (distance < 0.0 && !this._bufParams.isSingleSided()) { return null }
-         if (distance === 0.0) { return null }
-         var posDistance = Math.abs(distance);
-         var segGen = this.getSegGen(posDistance);
-         if (inputPts.length <= 1) {
-           this.computePointCurve(inputPts[0], segGen);
-         } else {
-           if (this._bufParams.isSingleSided()) {
-             var isRightSide = distance < 0.0;
-             this.computeSingleSidedBufferCurve(inputPts, isRightSide, segGen);
-           } else { this.computeLineBufferCurve(inputPts, segGen); }
-         }
-         var lineCoord = segGen.getCoordinates();
-         return lineCoord
-       };
-       OffsetCurveBuilder.prototype.getBufferParameters = function getBufferParameters () {
-         return this._bufParams
-       };
-       OffsetCurveBuilder.prototype.simplifyTolerance = function simplifyTolerance (bufDistance) {
-         return bufDistance * this._bufParams.getSimplifyFactor()
-       };
-       OffsetCurveBuilder.prototype.getRingCurve = function getRingCurve (inputPts, side, distance) {
-         this._distance = distance;
-         if (inputPts.length <= 2) { return this.getLineCurve(inputPts, distance) }
-         if (distance === 0.0) {
-           return OffsetCurveBuilder.copyCoordinates(inputPts)
-         }
-         var segGen = this.getSegGen(distance);
-         this.computeRingBufferCurve(inputPts, side, segGen);
-         return segGen.getCoordinates()
-       };
-       OffsetCurveBuilder.prototype.computeOffsetCurve = function computeOffsetCurve (inputPts, isRightSide, segGen) {
-         var distTol = this.simplifyTolerance(this._distance);
-         if (isRightSide) {
-           var simp2 = BufferInputLineSimplifier.simplify(inputPts, -distTol);
-           var n2 = simp2.length - 1;
-           segGen.initSideSegments(simp2[n2], simp2[n2 - 1], Position.LEFT);
-           segGen.addFirstSegment();
-           for (var i = n2 - 2; i >= 0; i--) {
-             segGen.addNextSegment(simp2[i], true);
-           }
-         } else {
-           var simp1 = BufferInputLineSimplifier.simplify(inputPts, distTol);
-           var n1 = simp1.length - 1;
-           segGen.initSideSegments(simp1[0], simp1[1], Position.LEFT);
-           segGen.addFirstSegment();
-           for (var i$1 = 2; i$1 <= n1; i$1++) {
-             segGen.addNextSegment(simp1[i$1], true);
-           }
-         }
-         segGen.addLastSegment();
-       };
-       OffsetCurveBuilder.prototype.getSegGen = function getSegGen (distance) {
-         return new OffsetSegmentGenerator(this._precisionModel, this._bufParams, distance)
-       };
-       OffsetCurveBuilder.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       OffsetCurveBuilder.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return OffsetCurveBuilder
-       };
-       OffsetCurveBuilder.copyCoordinates = function copyCoordinates (pts) {
-         var copy = new Array(pts.length).fill(null);
-         for (var i = 0; i < copy.length; i++) {
-           copy[i] = new Coordinate(pts[i]);
-         }
-         return copy
-       };
+               this.hex_hmac = function (k, d) {
+                 return rstr2hex(rstr_hmac(k, d));
+               };
 
-       var SubgraphDepthLocater = function SubgraphDepthLocater () {
-         this._subgraphs = null;
-         this._seg = new LineSegment();
-         this._cga = new CGAlgorithms();
-         var subgraphs = arguments[0];
-         this._subgraphs = subgraphs;
-       };
+               this.b64_hmac = function (k, d) {
+                 return rstr2b64(rstr_hmac(k, d), b64pad);
+               };
 
-       var staticAccessors$30 = { DepthSegment: { configurable: true } };
-       SubgraphDepthLocater.prototype.findStabbedSegments = function findStabbedSegments () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+               this.any_hmac = function (k, d, e) {
+                 return rstr2any(rstr_hmac(k, d), e);
+               };
+               /**
+                * Perform a simple self-test to see if the VM is working
+                * @return {String} Hexadecimal hash sample
+                * @public
+                */
 
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var stabbingRayLeftPt = arguments[0];
-           var stabbedSegments = new ArrayList();
-           for (var i = this._subgraphs.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
-             var bsg = i.next();
-             var env = bsg.getEnvelope();
-             if (stabbingRayLeftPt.y < env.getMinY() || stabbingRayLeftPt.y > env.getMaxY()) { continue }
-             this$1.findStabbedSegments(stabbingRayLeftPt, bsg.getDirectedEdges(), stabbedSegments);
-           }
-           return stabbedSegments
-         } else if (arguments.length === 3) {
-           if (hasInterface(arguments[2], List) && (arguments[0] instanceof Coordinate && arguments[1] instanceof DirectedEdge)) {
-             var stabbingRayLeftPt$1 = arguments[0];
-             var dirEdge = arguments[1];
-             var stabbedSegments$1 = arguments[2];
-             var pts = dirEdge.getEdge().getCoordinates();
-             for (var i$1 = 0; i$1 < pts.length - 1; i$1++) {
-               this$1._seg.p0 = pts[i$1];
-               this$1._seg.p1 = pts[i$1 + 1];
-               if (this$1._seg.p0.y > this$1._seg.p1.y) { this$1._seg.reverse(); }
-               var maxx = Math.max(this$1._seg.p0.x, this$1._seg.p1.x);
-               if (maxx < stabbingRayLeftPt$1.x) { continue }
-               if (this$1._seg.isHorizontal()) { continue }
-               if (stabbingRayLeftPt$1.y < this$1._seg.p0.y || stabbingRayLeftPt$1.y > this$1._seg.p1.y) { continue }
-               if (CGAlgorithms.computeOrientation(this$1._seg.p0, this$1._seg.p1, stabbingRayLeftPt$1) === CGAlgorithms.RIGHT) { continue }
-               var depth = dirEdge.getDepth(Position.LEFT);
-               if (!this$1._seg.p0.equals(pts[i$1])) { depth = dirEdge.getDepth(Position.RIGHT); }
-               var ds = new DepthSegment(this$1._seg, depth);
-               stabbedSegments$1.add(ds);
-             }
-           } else if (hasInterface(arguments[2], List) && (arguments[0] instanceof Coordinate && hasInterface(arguments[1], List))) {
-             var stabbingRayLeftPt$2 = arguments[0];
-             var dirEdges = arguments[1];
-             var stabbedSegments$2 = arguments[2];
-             for (var i$2 = dirEdges.iterator(); i$2.hasNext();) {
-               var de = i$2.next();
-               if (!de.isForward()) { continue }
-               this$1.findStabbedSegments(stabbingRayLeftPt$2, de, stabbedSegments$2);
-             }
-           }
-         }
-       };
-       SubgraphDepthLocater.prototype.getDepth = function getDepth (p) {
-         var stabbedSegments = this.findStabbedSegments(p);
-         if (stabbedSegments.size() === 0) { return 0 }
-         var ds = Collections.min(stabbedSegments);
-         return ds._leftDepth
-       };
-       SubgraphDepthLocater.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       SubgraphDepthLocater.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return SubgraphDepthLocater
-       };
-       staticAccessors$30.DepthSegment.get = function () { return DepthSegment };
 
-       Object.defineProperties( SubgraphDepthLocater, staticAccessors$30 );
+               this.vm_test = function () {
+                 return hex('abc').toLowerCase() === '900150983cd24fb0d6963f7d28e17f72';
+               };
+               /**
+                * @description Enable/disable uppercase hexadecimal returned string
+                * @param {boolean}
+                * @return {Object} this
+                * @public
+                */
 
-       var DepthSegment = function DepthSegment () {
-         this._upwardSeg = null;
-         this._leftDepth = null;
-         var seg = arguments[0];
-         var depth = arguments[1];
-         this._upwardSeg = new LineSegment(seg);
-         this._leftDepth = depth;
-       };
-       DepthSegment.prototype.compareTo = function compareTo (obj) {
-         var other = obj;
-         if (this._upwardSeg.minX() >= other._upwardSeg.maxX()) { return 1 }
-         if (this._upwardSeg.maxX() <= other._upwardSeg.minX()) { return -1 }
-         var orientIndex = this._upwardSeg.orientationIndex(other._upwardSeg);
-         if (orientIndex !== 0) { return orientIndex }
-         orientIndex = -1 * other._upwardSeg.orientationIndex(this._upwardSeg);
-         if (orientIndex !== 0) { return orientIndex }
-         return this._upwardSeg.compareTo(other._upwardSeg)
-       };
-       DepthSegment.prototype.compareX = function compareX (seg0, seg1) {
-         var compare0 = seg0.p0.compareTo(seg1.p0);
-         if (compare0 !== 0) { return compare0 }
-         return seg0.p1.compareTo(seg1.p1)
-       };
-       DepthSegment.prototype.toString = function toString () {
-         return this._upwardSeg.toString()
-       };
-       DepthSegment.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [Comparable]
-       };
-       DepthSegment.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return DepthSegment
-       };
 
-       var Triangle = function Triangle (p0, p1, p2) {
-         this.p0 = p0 || null;
-         this.p1 = p1 || null;
-         this.p2 = p2 || null;
-       };
-       Triangle.prototype.area = function area () {
-         return Triangle.area(this.p0, this.p1, this.p2)
-       };
-       Triangle.prototype.signedArea = function signedArea () {
-         return Triangle.signedArea(this.p0, this.p1, this.p2)
-       };
-       Triangle.prototype.interpolateZ = function interpolateZ (p) {
-         if (p === null) { throw new IllegalArgumentException('Supplied point is null.') }
-         return Triangle.interpolateZ(p, this.p0, this.p1, this.p2)
-       };
-       Triangle.prototype.longestSideLength = function longestSideLength () {
-         return Triangle.longestSideLength(this.p0, this.p1, this.p2)
-       };
-       Triangle.prototype.isAcute = function isAcute () {
-         return Triangle.isAcute(this.p0, this.p1, this.p2)
-       };
-       Triangle.prototype.circumcentre = function circumcentre () {
-         return Triangle.circumcentre(this.p0, this.p1, this.p2)
-       };
-       Triangle.prototype.area3D = function area3D () {
-         return Triangle.area3D(this.p0, this.p1, this.p2)
-       };
-       Triangle.prototype.centroid = function centroid () {
-         return Triangle.centroid(this.p0, this.p1, this.p2)
-       };
-       Triangle.prototype.inCentre = function inCentre () {
-         return Triangle.inCentre(this.p0, this.p1, this.p2)
-       };
-       Triangle.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       Triangle.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return Triangle
-       };
-       Triangle.area = function area (a, b, c) {
-         return Math.abs(((c.x - a.x) * (b.y - a.y) - (b.x - a.x) * (c.y - a.y)) / 2)
-       };
-       Triangle.signedArea = function signedArea (a, b, c) {
-         return ((c.x - a.x) * (b.y - a.y) - (b.x - a.x) * (c.y - a.y)) / 2
-       };
-       Triangle.det = function det (m00, m01, m10, m11) {
-         return m00 * m11 - m01 * m10
-       };
-       Triangle.interpolateZ = function interpolateZ (p, v0, v1, v2) {
-         var x0 = v0.x;
-         var y0 = v0.y;
-         var a = v1.x - x0;
-         var b = v2.x - x0;
-         var c = v1.y - y0;
-         var d = v2.y - y0;
-         var det = a * d - b * c;
-         var dx = p.x - x0;
-         var dy = p.y - y0;
-         var t = (d * dx - b * dy) / det;
-         var u = (-c * dx + a * dy) / det;
-         var z = v0.z + t * (v1.z - v0.z) + u * (v2.z - v0.z);
-         return z
-       };
-       Triangle.longestSideLength = function longestSideLength (a, b, c) {
-         var lenAB = a.distance(b);
-         var lenBC = b.distance(c);
-         var lenCA = c.distance(a);
-         var maxLen = lenAB;
-         if (lenBC > maxLen) { maxLen = lenBC; }
-         if (lenCA > maxLen) { maxLen = lenCA; }
-         return maxLen
-       };
-       Triangle.isAcute = function isAcute (a, b, c) {
-         if (!Angle.isAcute(a, b, c)) { return false }
-         if (!Angle.isAcute(b, c, a)) { return false }
-         if (!Angle.isAcute(c, a, b)) { return false }
-         return true
-       };
-       Triangle.circumcentre = function circumcentre (a, b, c) {
-         var cx = c.x;
-         var cy = c.y;
-         var ax = a.x - cx;
-         var ay = a.y - cy;
-         var bx = b.x - cx;
-         var by = b.y - cy;
-         var denom = 2 * Triangle.det(ax, ay, bx, by);
-         var numx = Triangle.det(ay, ax * ax + ay * ay, by, bx * bx + by * by);
-         var numy = Triangle.det(ax, ax * ax + ay * ay, bx, bx * bx + by * by);
-         var ccx = cx - numx / denom;
-         var ccy = cy + numy / denom;
-         return new Coordinate(ccx, ccy)
-       };
-       Triangle.perpendicularBisector = function perpendicularBisector (a, b) {
-         var dx = b.x - a.x;
-         var dy = b.y - a.y;
-         var l1 = new HCoordinate(a.x + dx / 2.0, a.y + dy / 2.0, 1.0);
-         var l2 = new HCoordinate(a.x - dy + dx / 2.0, a.y + dx + dy / 2.0, 1.0);
-         return new HCoordinate(l1, l2)
-       };
-       Triangle.angleBisector = function angleBisector (a, b, c) {
-         var len0 = b.distance(a);
-         var len2 = b.distance(c);
-         var frac = len0 / (len0 + len2);
-         var dx = c.x - a.x;
-         var dy = c.y - a.y;
-         var splitPt = new Coordinate(a.x + frac * dx, a.y + frac * dy);
-         return splitPt
-       };
-       Triangle.area3D = function area3D (a, b, c) {
-         var ux = b.x - a.x;
-         var uy = b.y - a.y;
-         var uz = b.z - a.z;
-         var vx = c.x - a.x;
-         var vy = c.y - a.y;
-         var vz = c.z - a.z;
-         var crossx = uy * vz - uz * vy;
-         var crossy = uz * vx - ux * vz;
-         var crossz = ux * vy - uy * vx;
-         var absSq = crossx * crossx + crossy * crossy + crossz * crossz;
-         var area3D = Math.sqrt(absSq) / 2;
-         return area3D
-       };
-       Triangle.centroid = function centroid (a, b, c) {
-         var x = (a.x + b.x + c.x) / 3;
-         var y = (a.y + b.y + c.y) / 3;
-         return new Coordinate(x, y)
-       };
-       Triangle.inCentre = function inCentre (a, b, c) {
-         var len0 = b.distance(c);
-         var len1 = a.distance(c);
-         var len2 = a.distance(b);
-         var circum = len0 + len1 + len2;
-         var inCentreX = (len0 * a.x + len1 * b.x + len2 * c.x) / circum;
-         var inCentreY = (len0 * a.y + len1 * b.y + len2 * c.y) / circum;
-         return new Coordinate(inCentreX, inCentreY)
-       };
+               this.setUpperCase = function (a) {
 
-       var OffsetCurveSetBuilder = function OffsetCurveSetBuilder () {
-         this._inputGeom = null;
-         this._distance = null;
-         this._curveBuilder = null;
-         this._curveList = new ArrayList();
-         var inputGeom = arguments[0];
-         var distance = arguments[1];
-         var curveBuilder = arguments[2];
-         this._inputGeom = inputGeom;
-         this._distance = distance;
-         this._curveBuilder = curveBuilder;
-       };
-       OffsetCurveSetBuilder.prototype.addPoint = function addPoint (p) {
-         if (this._distance <= 0.0) { return null }
-         var coord = p.getCoordinates();
-         var curve = this._curveBuilder.getLineCurve(coord, this._distance);
-         this.addCurve(curve, Location.EXTERIOR, Location.INTERIOR);
-       };
-       OffsetCurveSetBuilder.prototype.addPolygon = function addPolygon (p) {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-         var offsetDistance = this._distance;
-         var offsetSide = Position.LEFT;
-         if (this._distance < 0.0) {
-           offsetDistance = -this._distance;
-           offsetSide = Position.RIGHT;
-         }
-         var shell = p.getExteriorRing();
-         var shellCoord = CoordinateArrays.removeRepeatedPoints(shell.getCoordinates());
-         if (this._distance < 0.0 && this.isErodedCompletely(shell, this._distance)) { return null }
-         if (this._distance <= 0.0 && shellCoord.length < 3) { return null }
-         this.addPolygonRing(shellCoord, offsetDistance, offsetSide, Location.EXTERIOR, Location.INTERIOR);
-         for (var i = 0; i < p.getNumInteriorRing(); i++) {
-           var hole = p.getInteriorRingN(i);
-           var holeCoord = CoordinateArrays.removeRepeatedPoints(hole.getCoordinates());
-           if (this$1._distance > 0.0 && this$1.isErodedCompletely(hole, -this$1._distance)) { continue }
-           this$1.addPolygonRing(holeCoord, offsetDistance, Position.opposite(offsetSide), Location.INTERIOR, Location.EXTERIOR);
-         }
-       };
-       OffsetCurveSetBuilder.prototype.isTriangleErodedCompletely = function isTriangleErodedCompletely (triangleCoord, bufferDistance) {
-         var tri = new Triangle(triangleCoord[0], triangleCoord[1], triangleCoord[2]);
-         var inCentre = tri.inCentre();
-         var distToCentre = CGAlgorithms.distancePointLine(inCentre, tri.p0, tri.p1);
-         return distToCentre < Math.abs(bufferDistance)
-       };
-       OffsetCurveSetBuilder.prototype.addLineString = function addLineString (line) {
-         if (this._distance <= 0.0 && !this._curveBuilder.getBufferParameters().isSingleSided()) { return null }
-         var coord = CoordinateArrays.removeRepeatedPoints(line.getCoordinates());
-         var curve = this._curveBuilder.getLineCurve(coord, this._distance);
-         this.addCurve(curve, Location.EXTERIOR, Location.INTERIOR);
-       };
-       OffsetCurveSetBuilder.prototype.addCurve = function addCurve (coord, leftLoc, rightLoc) {
-         if (coord === null || coord.length < 2) { return null }
-         var e = new NodedSegmentString(coord, new Label(0, Location.BOUNDARY, leftLoc, rightLoc));
-         this._curveList.add(e);
-       };
-       OffsetCurveSetBuilder.prototype.getCurves = function getCurves () {
-         this.add(this._inputGeom);
-         return this._curveList
-       };
-       OffsetCurveSetBuilder.prototype.addPolygonRing = function addPolygonRing (coord, offsetDistance, side, cwLeftLoc, cwRightLoc) {
-         if (offsetDistance === 0.0 && coord.length < LinearRing.MINIMUM_VALID_SIZE) { return null }
-         var leftLoc = cwLeftLoc;
-         var rightLoc = cwRightLoc;
-         if (coord.length >= LinearRing.MINIMUM_VALID_SIZE && CGAlgorithms.isCCW(coord)) {
-           leftLoc = cwRightLoc;
-           rightLoc = cwLeftLoc;
-           side = Position.opposite(side);
-         }
-         var curve = this._curveBuilder.getRingCurve(coord, side, offsetDistance);
-         this.addCurve(curve, leftLoc, rightLoc);
-       };
-       OffsetCurveSetBuilder.prototype.add = function add (g) {
-         if (g.isEmpty()) { return null }
-         if (g instanceof Polygon) { this.addPolygon(g); }
-         else if (g instanceof LineString) { this.addLineString(g); }
-         else if (g instanceof Point$1) { this.addPoint(g); }
-         else if (g instanceof MultiPoint) { this.addCollection(g); }
-         else if (g instanceof MultiLineString) { this.addCollection(g); }
-         else if (g instanceof MultiPolygon) { this.addCollection(g); }
-         else if (g instanceof GeometryCollection) { this.addCollection(g); }
-         // else throw new UnsupportedOperationException(g.getClass().getName())
-       };
-       OffsetCurveSetBuilder.prototype.isErodedCompletely = function isErodedCompletely (ring, bufferDistance) {
-         var ringCoord = ring.getCoordinates();
-         // const minDiam = 0.0
-         if (ringCoord.length < 4) { return bufferDistance < 0 }
-         if (ringCoord.length === 4) { return this.isTriangleErodedCompletely(ringCoord, bufferDistance) }
-         var env = ring.getEnvelopeInternal();
-         var envMinDimension = Math.min(env.getHeight(), env.getWidth());
-         if (bufferDistance < 0.0 && 2 * Math.abs(bufferDistance) > envMinDimension) { return true }
-         return false
-       };
-       OffsetCurveSetBuilder.prototype.addCollection = function addCollection (gc) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+                 return this;
+               };
+               /**
+                * @description Defines a base64 pad string
+                * @param {string} Pad
+                * @return {Object} this
+                * @public
+                */
 
-         for (var i = 0; i < gc.getNumGeometries(); i++) {
-           var g = gc.getGeometryN(i);
-           this$1.add(g);
-         }
-       };
-       OffsetCurveSetBuilder.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       OffsetCurveSetBuilder.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return OffsetCurveSetBuilder
-       };
 
-       var PointOnGeometryLocator = function PointOnGeometryLocator () {};
+               this.setPad = function (a) {
+                 if (typeof a !== 'undefined') {
+                   b64pad = a;
+                 }
 
-       PointOnGeometryLocator.prototype.locate = function locate (p) {};
-       PointOnGeometryLocator.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       PointOnGeometryLocator.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return PointOnGeometryLocator
-       };
+                 return this;
+               };
+               /**
+                * @description Defines a base64 pad string
+                * @param {boolean}
+                * @return {Object} this
+                * @public
+                */
 
-       var GeometryCollectionIterator = function GeometryCollectionIterator () {
-         this._parent = null;
-         this._atStart = null;
-         this._max = null;
-         this._index = null;
-         this._subcollectionIterator = null;
-         var parent = arguments[0];
-         this._parent = parent;
-         this._atStart = true;
-         this._index = 0;
-         this._max = parent.getNumGeometries();
-       };
-       GeometryCollectionIterator.prototype.next = function next () {
-         if (this._atStart) {
-           this._atStart = false;
-           if (GeometryCollectionIterator.isAtomic(this._parent)) { this._index++; }
-           return this._parent
-         }
-         if (this._subcollectionIterator !== null) {
-           if (this._subcollectionIterator.hasNext()) {
-             return this._subcollectionIterator.next()
-           } else {
-             this._subcollectionIterator = null;
-           }
-         }
-         if (this._index >= this._max) {
-           throw new NoSuchElementException()
-         }
-         var obj = this._parent.getGeometryN(this._index++);
-         if (obj instanceof GeometryCollection) {
-           this._subcollectionIterator = new GeometryCollectionIterator(obj);
-           return this._subcollectionIterator.next()
-         }
-         return obj
-       };
-       GeometryCollectionIterator.prototype.remove = function remove () {
-         throw new Error(this.getClass().getName())
-       };
-       GeometryCollectionIterator.prototype.hasNext = function hasNext () {
-         if (this._atStart) {
-           return true
-         }
-         if (this._subcollectionIterator !== null) {
-           if (this._subcollectionIterator.hasNext()) {
-             return true
-           }
-           this._subcollectionIterator = null;
-         }
-         if (this._index >= this._max) {
-           return false
-         }
-         return true
-       };
-       GeometryCollectionIterator.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [Iterator$1]
-       };
-       GeometryCollectionIterator.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return GeometryCollectionIterator
-       };
-       GeometryCollectionIterator.isAtomic = function isAtomic (geom) {
-         return !(geom instanceof GeometryCollection)
-       };
 
-       var SimplePointInAreaLocator = function SimplePointInAreaLocator () {
-         this._geom = null;
-         var geom = arguments[0];
-         this._geom = geom;
-       };
-       SimplePointInAreaLocator.prototype.locate = function locate (p) {
-         return SimplePointInAreaLocator.locate(p, this._geom)
-       };
-       SimplePointInAreaLocator.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [PointOnGeometryLocator]
-       };
-       SimplePointInAreaLocator.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return SimplePointInAreaLocator
-       };
-       SimplePointInAreaLocator.isPointInRing = function isPointInRing (p, ring) {
-         if (!ring.getEnvelopeInternal().intersects(p)) { return false }
-         return CGAlgorithms.isPointInRing(p, ring.getCoordinates())
-       };
-       SimplePointInAreaLocator.containsPointInPolygon = function containsPointInPolygon (p, poly) {
-         if (poly.isEmpty()) { return false }
-         var shell = poly.getExteriorRing();
-         if (!SimplePointInAreaLocator.isPointInRing(p, shell)) { return false }
-         for (var i = 0; i < poly.getNumInteriorRing(); i++) {
-           var hole = poly.getInteriorRingN(i);
-           if (SimplePointInAreaLocator.isPointInRing(p, hole)) { return false }
-         }
-         return true
-       };
-       SimplePointInAreaLocator.containsPoint = function containsPoint (p, geom) {
-         if (geom instanceof Polygon) {
-           return SimplePointInAreaLocator.containsPointInPolygon(p, geom)
-         } else if (geom instanceof GeometryCollection) {
-           var geomi = new GeometryCollectionIterator(geom);
-           while (geomi.hasNext()) {
-             var g2 = geomi.next();
-             if (g2 !== geom) { if (SimplePointInAreaLocator.containsPoint(p, g2)) { return true } }
-           }
-         }
-         return false
-       };
-       SimplePointInAreaLocator.locate = function locate (p, geom) {
-         if (geom.isEmpty()) { return Location.EXTERIOR }
-         if (SimplePointInAreaLocator.containsPoint(p, geom)) { return Location.INTERIOR }
-         return Location.EXTERIOR
-       };
+               this.setUTF8 = function (a) {
+                 if (typeof a === 'boolean') {
+                   utf8 = a;
+                 }
 
-       var EdgeEndStar = function EdgeEndStar () {
-         this._edgeMap = new TreeMap();
-         this._edgeList = null;
-         this._ptInAreaLocation = [Location.NONE, Location.NONE];
-       };
-       EdgeEndStar.prototype.getNextCW = function getNextCW (ee) {
-         this.getEdges();
-         var i = this._edgeList.indexOf(ee);
-         var iNextCW = i - 1;
-         if (i === 0) { iNextCW = this._edgeList.size() - 1; }
-         return this._edgeList.get(iNextCW)
-       };
-       EdgeEndStar.prototype.propagateSideLabels = function propagateSideLabels (geomIndex) {
-         var startLoc = Location.NONE;
-         for (var it = this.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
-           var e = it.next();
-           var label = e.getLabel();
-           if (label.isArea(geomIndex) && label.getLocation(geomIndex, Position.LEFT) !== Location.NONE) { startLoc = label.getLocation(geomIndex, Position.LEFT); }
-         }
-         if (startLoc === Location.NONE) { return null }
-         var currLoc = startLoc;
-         for (var it$1 = this.iterator(); it$1.hasNext();) {
-           var e$1 = it$1.next();
-           var label$1 = e$1.getLabel();
-           if (label$1.getLocation(geomIndex, Position.ON) === Location.NONE) { label$1.setLocation(geomIndex, Position.ON, currLoc); }
-           if (label$1.isArea(geomIndex)) {
-             var leftLoc = label$1.getLocation(geomIndex, Position.LEFT);
-             var rightLoc = label$1.getLocation(geomIndex, Position.RIGHT);
-             if (rightLoc !== Location.NONE) {
-               if (rightLoc !== currLoc) { throw new TopologyException('side location conflict', e$1.getCoordinate()) }
-               if (leftLoc === Location.NONE) {
-                 Assert.shouldNeverReachHere('found single null side (at ' + e$1.getCoordinate() + ')');
-               }
-               currLoc = leftLoc;
-             } else {
-               Assert.isTrue(label$1.getLocation(geomIndex, Position.LEFT) === Location.NONE, 'found single null side');
-               label$1.setLocation(geomIndex, Position.RIGHT, currLoc);
-               label$1.setLocation(geomIndex, Position.LEFT, currLoc);
-             }
-           }
-         }
-       };
-       EdgeEndStar.prototype.getCoordinate = function getCoordinate () {
-         var it = this.iterator();
-         if (!it.hasNext()) { return null }
-         var e = it.next();
-         return e.getCoordinate()
-       };
-       EdgeEndStar.prototype.print = function print (out) {
-         System.out.println('EdgeEndStar:   ' + this.getCoordinate());
-         for (var it = this.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
-           var e = it.next();
-           e.print(out);
-         }
-       };
-       EdgeEndStar.prototype.isAreaLabelsConsistent = function isAreaLabelsConsistent (geomGraph) {
-         this.computeEdgeEndLabels(geomGraph.getBoundaryNodeRule());
-         return this.checkAreaLabelsConsistent(0)
-       };
-       EdgeEndStar.prototype.checkAreaLabelsConsistent = function checkAreaLabelsConsistent (geomIndex) {
-         var edges = this.getEdges();
-         if (edges.size() <= 0) { return true }
-         var lastEdgeIndex = edges.size() - 1;
-         var startLabel = edges.get(lastEdgeIndex).getLabel();
-         var startLoc = startLabel.getLocation(geomIndex, Position.LEFT);
-         Assert.isTrue(startLoc !== Location.NONE, 'Found unlabelled area edge');
-         var currLoc = startLoc;
-         for (var it = this.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
-           var e = it.next();
-           var label = e.getLabel();
-           Assert.isTrue(label.isArea(geomIndex), 'Found non-area edge');
-           var leftLoc = label.getLocation(geomIndex, Position.LEFT);
-           var rightLoc = label.getLocation(geomIndex, Position.RIGHT);
-           if (leftLoc === rightLoc) {
-             return false
-           }
-           if (rightLoc !== currLoc) {
-             return false
-           }
-           currLoc = leftLoc;
-         }
-         return true
-       };
-       EdgeEndStar.prototype.findIndex = function findIndex (eSearch) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+                 return this;
+               };
+               /* private methods */
 
-         this.iterator();
-         for (var i = 0; i < this._edgeList.size(); i++) {
-           var e = this$1._edgeList.get(i);
-           if (e === eSearch) { return i }
-         }
-         return -1
-       };
-       EdgeEndStar.prototype.iterator = function iterator () {
-         return this.getEdges().iterator()
-       };
-       EdgeEndStar.prototype.getEdges = function getEdges () {
-         if (this._edgeList === null) {
-           this._edgeList = new ArrayList(this._edgeMap.values());
-         }
-         return this._edgeList
-       };
-       EdgeEndStar.prototype.getLocation = function getLocation (geomIndex, p, geom) {
-         if (this._ptInAreaLocation[geomIndex] === Location.NONE) {
-           this._ptInAreaLocation[geomIndex] = SimplePointInAreaLocator.locate(p, geom[geomIndex].getGeometry());
-         }
-         return this._ptInAreaLocation[geomIndex]
-       };
-       EdgeEndStar.prototype.toString = function toString () {
-         var buf = new StringBuffer();
-         buf.append('EdgeEndStar:   ' + this.getCoordinate());
-         buf.append('\n');
-         for (var it = this.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
-           var e = it.next();
-           buf.append(e);
-           buf.append('\n');
-         }
-         return buf.toString()
-       };
-       EdgeEndStar.prototype.computeEdgeEndLabels = function computeEdgeEndLabels (boundaryNodeRule) {
-         for (var it = this.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
-           var ee = it.next();
-           ee.computeLabel(boundaryNodeRule);
-         }
-       };
-       EdgeEndStar.prototype.computeLabelling = function computeLabelling (geomGraph) {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-         this.computeEdgeEndLabels(geomGraph[0].getBoundaryNodeRule());
-         this.propagateSideLabels(0);
-         this.propagateSideLabels(1);
-         var hasDimensionalCollapseEdge = [false, false];
-         for (var it = this.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
-           var e = it.next();
-           var label = e.getLabel();
-           for (var geomi = 0; geomi < 2; geomi++) {
-             if (label.isLine(geomi) && label.getLocation(geomi) === Location.BOUNDARY) { hasDimensionalCollapseEdge[geomi] = true; }
-           }
-         }
-         for (var it$1 = this.iterator(); it$1.hasNext();) {
-           var e$1 = it$1.next();
-           var label$1 = e$1.getLabel();
-           for (var geomi$1 = 0; geomi$1 < 2; geomi$1++) {
-             if (label$1.isAnyNull(geomi$1)) {
-               var loc = Location.NONE;
-               if (hasDimensionalCollapseEdge[geomi$1]) {
-                 loc = Location.EXTERIOR;
-               } else {
-                 var p = e$1.getCoordinate();
-                 loc = this$1.getLocation(geomi$1, p, geomGraph);
+               /**
+                * Calculate the rmd160 of a raw string
+                */
+
+
+               function rstr(s) {
+                 s = utf8 ? utf8Encode(s) : s;
+                 return binl2rstr(binl(rstr2binl(s), s.length * 8));
                }
-               label$1.setAllLocationsIfNull(geomi$1, loc);
-             }
-           }
-         }
-       };
-       EdgeEndStar.prototype.getDegree = function getDegree () {
-         return this._edgeMap.size()
-       };
-       EdgeEndStar.prototype.insertEdgeEnd = function insertEdgeEnd (e, obj) {
-         this._edgeMap.put(e, obj);
-         this._edgeList = null;
-       };
-       EdgeEndStar.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       EdgeEndStar.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return EdgeEndStar
-       };
+               /**
+                * Calculate the HMAC-rmd160 of a key and some data (raw strings)
+                */
 
-       var DirectedEdgeStar = (function (EdgeEndStar$$1) {
-         function DirectedEdgeStar () {
-           EdgeEndStar$$1.call(this);
-           this._resultAreaEdgeList = null;
-           this._label = null;
-           this._SCANNING_FOR_INCOMING = 1;
-           this._LINKING_TO_OUTGOING = 2;
-         }
-
-         if ( EdgeEndStar$$1 ) DirectedEdgeStar.__proto__ = EdgeEndStar$$1;
-         DirectedEdgeStar.prototype = Object.create( EdgeEndStar$$1 && EdgeEndStar$$1.prototype );
-         DirectedEdgeStar.prototype.constructor = DirectedEdgeStar;
-         DirectedEdgeStar.prototype.linkResultDirectedEdges = function linkResultDirectedEdges () {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-           this.getResultAreaEdges();
-           var firstOut = null;
-           var incoming = null;
-           var state = this._SCANNING_FOR_INCOMING;
-           for (var i = 0; i < this._resultAreaEdgeList.size(); i++) {
-             var nextOut = this$1._resultAreaEdgeList.get(i);
-             var nextIn = nextOut.getSym();
-             if (!nextOut.getLabel().isArea()) { continue }
-             if (firstOut === null && nextOut.isInResult()) { firstOut = nextOut; }
-             switch (state) {
-               case this$1._SCANNING_FOR_INCOMING:
-                 if (!nextIn.isInResult()) { continue }
-                 incoming = nextIn;
-                 state = this$1._LINKING_TO_OUTGOING;
-                 break
-               case this$1._LINKING_TO_OUTGOING:
-                 if (!nextOut.isInResult()) { continue }
-                 incoming.setNext(nextOut);
-                 state = this$1._SCANNING_FOR_INCOMING;
-                 break
-             }
-           }
-           if (state === this._LINKING_TO_OUTGOING) {
-             if (firstOut === null) { throw new TopologyException('no outgoing dirEdge found', this.getCoordinate()) }
-             Assert.isTrue(firstOut.isInResult(), 'unable to link last incoming dirEdge');
-             incoming.setNext(firstOut);
-           }
-         };
-         DirectedEdgeStar.prototype.insert = function insert (ee) {
-           var de = ee;
-           this.insertEdgeEnd(de, de);
-         };
-         DirectedEdgeStar.prototype.getRightmostEdge = function getRightmostEdge () {
-           var edges = this.getEdges();
-           var size = edges.size();
-           if (size < 1) { return null }
-           var de0 = edges.get(0);
-           if (size === 1) { return de0 }
-           var deLast = edges.get(size - 1);
-           var quad0 = de0.getQuadrant();
-           var quad1 = deLast.getQuadrant();
-           if (Quadrant.isNorthern(quad0) && Quadrant.isNorthern(quad1)) { return de0; } else if (!Quadrant.isNorthern(quad0) && !Quadrant.isNorthern(quad1)) { return deLast; } else {
-             // const nonHorizontalEdge = null
-             if (de0.getDy() !== 0) { return de0; } else if (deLast.getDy() !== 0) { return deLast }
-           }
-           Assert.shouldNeverReachHere('found two horizontal edges incident on node');
-           return null
-         };
-         DirectedEdgeStar.prototype.print = function print (out) {
-           System.out.println('DirectedEdgeStar: ' + this.getCoordinate());
-           for (var it = this.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
-             var de = it.next();
-             out.print('out ');
-             de.print(out);
-             out.println();
-             out.print('in ');
-             de.getSym().print(out);
-             out.println();
-           }
-         };
-         DirectedEdgeStar.prototype.getResultAreaEdges = function getResultAreaEdges () {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-           if (this._resultAreaEdgeList !== null) { return this._resultAreaEdgeList }
-           this._resultAreaEdgeList = new ArrayList();
-           for (var it = this.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
-             var de = it.next();
-             if (de.isInResult() || de.getSym().isInResult()) { this$1._resultAreaEdgeList.add(de); }
-           }
-           return this._resultAreaEdgeList
-         };
-         DirectedEdgeStar.prototype.updateLabelling = function updateLabelling (nodeLabel) {
-           for (var it = this.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
-             var de = it.next();
-             var label = de.getLabel();
-             label.setAllLocationsIfNull(0, nodeLabel.getLocation(0));
-             label.setAllLocationsIfNull(1, nodeLabel.getLocation(1));
-           }
-         };
-         DirectedEdgeStar.prototype.linkAllDirectedEdges = function linkAllDirectedEdges () {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-           this.getEdges();
-           var prevOut = null;
-           var firstIn = null;
-           for (var i = this._edgeList.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-             var nextOut = this$1._edgeList.get(i);
-             var nextIn = nextOut.getSym();
-             if (firstIn === null) { firstIn = nextIn; }
-             if (prevOut !== null) { nextIn.setNext(prevOut); }
-             prevOut = nextOut;
-           }
-           firstIn.setNext(prevOut);
-         };
-         DirectedEdgeStar.prototype.computeDepths = function computeDepths () {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-           if (arguments.length === 1) {
-             var de = arguments[0];
-             var edgeIndex = this.findIndex(de);
-             // const label = de.getLabel()
-             var startDepth = de.getDepth(Position.LEFT);
-             var targetLastDepth = de.getDepth(Position.RIGHT);
-             var nextDepth = this.computeDepths(edgeIndex + 1, this._edgeList.size(), startDepth);
-             var lastDepth = this.computeDepths(0, edgeIndex, nextDepth);
-             if (lastDepth !== targetLastDepth) { throw new TopologyException('depth mismatch at ' + de.getCoordinate()) }
-           } else if (arguments.length === 3) {
-             var startIndex = arguments[0];
-             var endIndex = arguments[1];
-             var startDepth$1 = arguments[2];
-             var currDepth = startDepth$1;
-             for (var i = startIndex; i < endIndex; i++) {
-               var nextDe = this$1._edgeList.get(i);
-               // const label = nextDe.getLabel()
-               nextDe.setEdgeDepths(Position.RIGHT, currDepth);
-               currDepth = nextDe.getDepth(Position.LEFT);
-             }
-             return currDepth
-           }
-         };
-         DirectedEdgeStar.prototype.mergeSymLabels = function mergeSymLabels () {
-           for (var it = this.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
-             var de = it.next();
-             var label = de.getLabel();
-             label.merge(de.getSym().getLabel());
-           }
-         };
-         DirectedEdgeStar.prototype.linkMinimalDirectedEdges = function linkMinimalDirectedEdges (er) {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-           var firstOut = null;
-           var incoming = null;
-           var state = this._SCANNING_FOR_INCOMING;
-           for (var i = this._resultAreaEdgeList.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-             var nextOut = this$1._resultAreaEdgeList.get(i);
-             var nextIn = nextOut.getSym();
-             if (firstOut === null && nextOut.getEdgeRing() === er) { firstOut = nextOut; }
-             switch (state) {
-               case this$1._SCANNING_FOR_INCOMING:
-                 if (nextIn.getEdgeRing() !== er) { continue }
-                 incoming = nextIn;
-                 state = this$1._LINKING_TO_OUTGOING;
-                 break
-               case this$1._LINKING_TO_OUTGOING:
-                 if (nextOut.getEdgeRing() !== er) { continue }
-                 incoming.setNextMin(nextOut);
-                 state = this$1._SCANNING_FOR_INCOMING;
-                 break
-             }
-           }
-           if (state === this._LINKING_TO_OUTGOING) {
-             Assert.isTrue(firstOut !== null, 'found null for first outgoing dirEdge');
-             Assert.isTrue(firstOut.getEdgeRing() === er, 'unable to link last incoming dirEdge');
-             incoming.setNextMin(firstOut);
-           }
-         };
-         DirectedEdgeStar.prototype.getOutgoingDegree = function getOutgoingDegree () {
-           if (arguments.length === 0) {
-             var degree = 0;
-             for (var it = this.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
-               var de = it.next();
-               if (de.isInResult()) { degree++; }
-             }
-             return degree
-           } else if (arguments.length === 1) {
-             var er = arguments[0];
-             var degree$1 = 0;
-             for (var it$1 = this.iterator(); it$1.hasNext();) {
-               var de$1 = it$1.next();
-               if (de$1.getEdgeRing() === er) { degree$1++; }
-             }
-             return degree$1
-           }
-         };
-         DirectedEdgeStar.prototype.getLabel = function getLabel () {
-           return this._label
-         };
-         DirectedEdgeStar.prototype.findCoveredLineEdges = function findCoveredLineEdges () {
-           var startLoc = Location.NONE;
-           for (var it = this.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
-             var nextOut = it.next();
-             var nextIn = nextOut.getSym();
-             if (!nextOut.isLineEdge()) {
-               if (nextOut.isInResult()) {
-                 startLoc = Location.INTERIOR;
-                 break
-               }
-               if (nextIn.isInResult()) {
-                 startLoc = Location.EXTERIOR;
-                 break
-               }
-             }
-           }
-           if (startLoc === Location.NONE) { return null }
-           var currLoc = startLoc;
-           for (var it$1 = this.iterator(); it$1.hasNext();) {
-             var nextOut$1 = it$1.next();
-             var nextIn$1 = nextOut$1.getSym();
-             if (nextOut$1.isLineEdge()) {
-               nextOut$1.getEdge().setCovered(currLoc === Location.INTERIOR);
-             } else {
-               if (nextOut$1.isInResult()) { currLoc = Location.EXTERIOR; }
-               if (nextIn$1.isInResult()) { currLoc = Location.INTERIOR; }
-             }
-           }
-         };
-         DirectedEdgeStar.prototype.computeLabelling = function computeLabelling (geom) {
-           var this$1 = this;
 
-           EdgeEndStar$$1.prototype.computeLabelling.call(this, geom);
-           this._label = new Label(Location.NONE);
-           for (var it = this.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
-             var ee = it.next();
-             var e = ee.getEdge();
-             var eLabel = e.getLabel();
-             for (var i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
-               var eLoc = eLabel.getLocation(i);
-               if (eLoc === Location.INTERIOR || eLoc === Location.BOUNDARY) { this$1._label.setLocation(i, Location.INTERIOR); }
-             }
-           }
-         };
-         DirectedEdgeStar.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-           return []
-         };
-         DirectedEdgeStar.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-           return DirectedEdgeStar
-         };
+               function rstr_hmac(key, data) {
+                 key = utf8 ? utf8Encode(key) : key;
+                 data = utf8 ? utf8Encode(data) : data;
+                 var i,
+                     hash,
+                     bkey = rstr2binl(key),
+                     ipad = Array(16),
+                     opad = Array(16);
 
-         return DirectedEdgeStar;
-       }(EdgeEndStar));
+                 if (bkey.length > 16) {
+                   bkey = binl(bkey, key.length * 8);
+                 }
 
-       var OverlayNodeFactory = (function (NodeFactory$$1) {
-         function OverlayNodeFactory () {
-           NodeFactory$$1.apply(this, arguments);
-         }
+                 for (i = 0; i < 16; i += 1) {
+                   ipad[i] = bkey[i] ^ 0x36363636;
+                   opad[i] = bkey[i] ^ 0x5C5C5C5C;
+                 }
 
-         if ( NodeFactory$$1 ) OverlayNodeFactory.__proto__ = NodeFactory$$1;
-         OverlayNodeFactory.prototype = Object.create( NodeFactory$$1 && NodeFactory$$1.prototype );
-         OverlayNodeFactory.prototype.constructor = OverlayNodeFactory;
+                 hash = binl(ipad.concat(rstr2binl(data)), 512 + data.length * 8);
+                 return binl2rstr(binl(opad.concat(hash), 512 + 160));
+               }
+               /**
+                * Convert an array of little-endian words to a string
+                */
 
-         OverlayNodeFactory.prototype.createNode = function createNode (coord) {
-           return new Node$1(coord, new DirectedEdgeStar())
-         };
-         OverlayNodeFactory.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-           return []
-         };
-         OverlayNodeFactory.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-           return OverlayNodeFactory
-         };
 
-         return OverlayNodeFactory;
-       }(NodeFactory));
+               function binl2rstr(input) {
+                 var i,
+                     output = '',
+                     l = input.length * 32;
 
-       var OrientedCoordinateArray = function OrientedCoordinateArray () {
-         this._pts = null;
-         this._orientation = null;
-         var pts = arguments[0];
-         this._pts = pts;
-         this._orientation = OrientedCoordinateArray.orientation(pts);
-       };
-       OrientedCoordinateArray.prototype.compareTo = function compareTo (o1) {
-         var oca = o1;
-         var comp = OrientedCoordinateArray.compareOriented(this._pts, this._orientation, oca._pts, oca._orientation);
-         return comp
-       };
-       OrientedCoordinateArray.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [Comparable]
-       };
-       OrientedCoordinateArray.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return OrientedCoordinateArray
-       };
-       OrientedCoordinateArray.orientation = function orientation (pts) {
-         return CoordinateArrays.increasingDirection(pts) === 1
-       };
-       OrientedCoordinateArray.compareOriented = function compareOriented (pts1, orientation1, pts2, orientation2) {
-         var dir1 = orientation1 ? 1 : -1;
-         var dir2 = orientation2 ? 1 : -1;
-         var limit1 = orientation1 ? pts1.length : -1;
-         var limit2 = orientation2 ? pts2.length : -1;
-         var i1 = orientation1 ? 0 : pts1.length - 1;
-         var i2 = orientation2 ? 0 : pts2.length - 1;
-         // const comp = 0
-         while (true) {
-           var compPt = pts1[i1].compareTo(pts2[i2]);
-           if (compPt !== 0) { return compPt }
-           i1 += dir1;
-           i2 += dir2;
-           var done1 = i1 === limit1;
-           var done2 = i2 === limit2;
-           if (done1 && !done2) { return -1 }
-           if (!done1 && done2) { return 1 }
-           if (done1 && done2) { return 0 }
-         }
-       };
+                 for (i = 0; i < l; i += 8) {
+                   output += String.fromCharCode(input[i >> 5] >>> i % 32 & 0xFF);
+                 }
 
-       var EdgeList = function EdgeList () {
-         this._edges = new ArrayList();
-         this._ocaMap = new TreeMap();
-       };
-       EdgeList.prototype.print = function print (out) {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-         out.print('MULTILINESTRING ( ');
-         for (var j = 0; j < this._edges.size(); j++) {
-           var e = this$1._edges.get(j);
-           if (j > 0) { out.print(','); }
-           out.print('(');
-           var pts = e.getCoordinates();
-           for (var i = 0; i < pts.length; i++) {
-             if (i > 0) { out.print(','); }
-             out.print(pts[i].x + ' ' + pts[i].y);
-           }
-           out.println(')');
-         }
-         out.print(')  ');
-       };
-       EdgeList.prototype.addAll = function addAll (edgeColl) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+                 return output;
+               }
+               /**
+                * Calculate the RIPE-MD160 of an array of little-endian words, and a bit length.
+                */
+
+
+               function binl(x, len) {
+                 var T,
+                     j,
+                     i,
+                     l,
+                     h0 = 0x67452301,
+                     h1 = 0xefcdab89,
+                     h2 = 0x98badcfe,
+                     h3 = 0x10325476,
+                     h4 = 0xc3d2e1f0,
+                     A1,
+                     B1,
+                     C1,
+                     D1,
+                     E1,
+                     A2,
+                     B2,
+                     C2,
+                     D2,
+                     E2;
+                 /* append padding */
+
+                 x[len >> 5] |= 0x80 << len % 32;
+                 x[(len + 64 >>> 9 << 4) + 14] = len;
+                 l = x.length;
+
+                 for (i = 0; i < l; i += 16) {
+                   A1 = A2 = h0;
+                   B1 = B2 = h1;
+                   C1 = C2 = h2;
+                   D1 = D2 = h3;
+                   E1 = E2 = h4;
+
+                   for (j = 0; j <= 79; j += 1) {
+                     T = safe_add(A1, rmd160_f(j, B1, C1, D1));
+                     T = safe_add(T, x[i + rmd160_r1[j]]);
+                     T = safe_add(T, rmd160_K1(j));
+                     T = safe_add(bit_rol(T, rmd160_s1[j]), E1);
+                     A1 = E1;
+                     E1 = D1;
+                     D1 = bit_rol(C1, 10);
+                     C1 = B1;
+                     B1 = T;
+                     T = safe_add(A2, rmd160_f(79 - j, B2, C2, D2));
+                     T = safe_add(T, x[i + rmd160_r2[j]]);
+                     T = safe_add(T, rmd160_K2(j));
+                     T = safe_add(bit_rol(T, rmd160_s2[j]), E2);
+                     A2 = E2;
+                     E2 = D2;
+                     D2 = bit_rol(C2, 10);
+                     C2 = B2;
+                     B2 = T;
+                   }
+
+                   T = safe_add(h1, safe_add(C1, D2));
+                   h1 = safe_add(h2, safe_add(D1, E2));
+                   h2 = safe_add(h3, safe_add(E1, A2));
+                   h3 = safe_add(h4, safe_add(A1, B2));
+                   h4 = safe_add(h0, safe_add(B1, C2));
+                   h0 = T;
+                 }
 
-         for (var i = edgeColl.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
-           this$1.add(i.next());
-         }
-       };
-       EdgeList.prototype.findEdgeIndex = function findEdgeIndex (e) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+                 return [h0, h1, h2, h3, h4];
+               } // specific algorithm methods
 
-         for (var i = 0; i < this._edges.size(); i++) {
-           if (this$1._edges.get(i).equals(e)) { return i }
-         }
-         return -1
-       };
-       EdgeList.prototype.iterator = function iterator () {
-         return this._edges.iterator()
-       };
-       EdgeList.prototype.getEdges = function getEdges () {
-         return this._edges
-       };
-       EdgeList.prototype.get = function get (i) {
-         return this._edges.get(i)
-       };
-       EdgeList.prototype.findEqualEdge = function findEqualEdge (e) {
-         var oca = new OrientedCoordinateArray(e.getCoordinates());
-         var matchEdge = this._ocaMap.get(oca);
-         return matchEdge
-       };
-       EdgeList.prototype.add = function add (e) {
-         this._edges.add(e);
-         var oca = new OrientedCoordinateArray(e.getCoordinates());
-         this._ocaMap.put(oca, e);
-       };
-       EdgeList.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       EdgeList.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return EdgeList
-       };
 
-       var SegmentIntersector = function SegmentIntersector () {};
+               function rmd160_f(j, x, y, z) {
+                 return 0 <= j && j <= 15 ? x ^ y ^ z : 16 <= j && j <= 31 ? x & y | ~x & z : 32 <= j && j <= 47 ? (x | ~y) ^ z : 48 <= j && j <= 63 ? x & z | y & ~z : 64 <= j && j <= 79 ? x ^ (y | ~z) : 'rmd160_f: j out of range';
+               }
 
-       SegmentIntersector.prototype.processIntersections = function processIntersections (e0, segIndex0, e1, segIndex1) {};
-       SegmentIntersector.prototype.isDone = function isDone () {};
-       SegmentIntersector.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       SegmentIntersector.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return SegmentIntersector
-       };
+               function rmd160_K1(j) {
+                 return 0 <= j && j <= 15 ? 0x00000000 : 16 <= j && j <= 31 ? 0x5a827999 : 32 <= j && j <= 47 ? 0x6ed9eba1 : 48 <= j && j <= 63 ? 0x8f1bbcdc : 64 <= j && j <= 79 ? 0xa953fd4e : 'rmd160_K1: j out of range';
+               }
 
-       var IntersectionAdder = function IntersectionAdder () {
-         this._hasIntersection = false;
-         this._hasProper = false;
-         this._hasProperInterior = false;
-         this._hasInterior = false;
-         this._properIntersectionPoint = null;
-         this._li = null;
-         this._isSelfIntersection = null;
-         this.numIntersections = 0;
-         this.numInteriorIntersections = 0;
-         this.numProperIntersections = 0;
-         this.numTests = 0;
-         var li = arguments[0];
-         this._li = li;
-       };
-       IntersectionAdder.prototype.isTrivialIntersection = function isTrivialIntersection (e0, segIndex0, e1, segIndex1) {
-         if (e0 === e1) {
-           if (this._li.getIntersectionNum() === 1) {
-             if (IntersectionAdder.isAdjacentSegments(segIndex0, segIndex1)) { return true }
-             if (e0.isClosed()) {
-               var maxSegIndex = e0.size() - 1;
-               if ((segIndex0 === 0 && segIndex1 === maxSegIndex) ||
-                   (segIndex1 === 0 && segIndex0 === maxSegIndex)) {
-                 return true
+               function rmd160_K2(j) {
+                 return 0 <= j && j <= 15 ? 0x50a28be6 : 16 <= j && j <= 31 ? 0x5c4dd124 : 32 <= j && j <= 47 ? 0x6d703ef3 : 48 <= j && j <= 63 ? 0x7a6d76e9 : 64 <= j && j <= 79 ? 0x00000000 : 'rmd160_K2: j out of range';
                }
              }
-           }
-         }
-         return false
-       };
-       IntersectionAdder.prototype.getProperIntersectionPoint = function getProperIntersectionPoint () {
-         return this._properIntersectionPoint
-       };
-       IntersectionAdder.prototype.hasProperInteriorIntersection = function hasProperInteriorIntersection () {
-         return this._hasProperInterior
-       };
-       IntersectionAdder.prototype.getLineIntersector = function getLineIntersector () {
-         return this._li
-       };
-       IntersectionAdder.prototype.hasProperIntersection = function hasProperIntersection () {
-         return this._hasProper
-       };
-       IntersectionAdder.prototype.processIntersections = function processIntersections (e0, segIndex0, e1, segIndex1) {
-         if (e0 === e1 && segIndex0 === segIndex1) { return null }
-         this.numTests++;
-         var p00 = e0.getCoordinates()[segIndex0];
-         var p01 = e0.getCoordinates()[segIndex0 + 1];
-         var p10 = e1.getCoordinates()[segIndex1];
-         var p11 = e1.getCoordinates()[segIndex1 + 1];
-         this._li.computeIntersection(p00, p01, p10, p11);
-         if (this._li.hasIntersection()) {
-           this.numIntersections++;
-           if (this._li.isInteriorIntersection()) {
-             this.numInteriorIntersections++;
-             this._hasInterior = true;
-           }
-           if (!this.isTrivialIntersection(e0, segIndex0, e1, segIndex1)) {
-             this._hasIntersection = true;
-             e0.addIntersections(this._li, segIndex0, 0);
-             e1.addIntersections(this._li, segIndex1, 1);
-             if (this._li.isProper()) {
-               this.numProperIntersections++;
-               this._hasProper = true;
-               this._hasProperInterior = true;
-             }
-           }
-         }
-       };
-       IntersectionAdder.prototype.hasIntersection = function hasIntersection () {
-         return this._hasIntersection
-       };
-       IntersectionAdder.prototype.isDone = function isDone () {
-         return false
-       };
-       IntersectionAdder.prototype.hasInteriorIntersection = function hasInteriorIntersection () {
-         return this._hasInterior
-       };
-       IntersectionAdder.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [SegmentIntersector]
-       };
-       IntersectionAdder.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return IntersectionAdder
-       };
-       IntersectionAdder.isAdjacentSegments = function isAdjacentSegments (i1, i2) {
-         return Math.abs(i1 - i2) === 1
-       };
+           }; // exposes Hashes
 
-       var EdgeIntersection = function EdgeIntersection () {
-         this.coord = null;
-         this.segmentIndex = null;
-         this.dist = null;
-         var coord = arguments[0];
-         var segmentIndex = arguments[1];
-         var dist = arguments[2];
-         this.coord = new Coordinate(coord);
-         this.segmentIndex = segmentIndex;
-         this.dist = dist;
-       };
-       EdgeIntersection.prototype.getSegmentIndex = function getSegmentIndex () {
-         return this.segmentIndex
-       };
-       EdgeIntersection.prototype.getCoordinate = function getCoordinate () {
-         return this.coord
-       };
-       EdgeIntersection.prototype.print = function print (out) {
-         out.print(this.coord);
-         out.print(' seg # = ' + this.segmentIndex);
-         out.println(' dist = ' + this.dist);
-       };
-       EdgeIntersection.prototype.compareTo = function compareTo (obj) {
-         var other = obj;
-         return this.compare(other.segmentIndex, other.dist)
-       };
-       EdgeIntersection.prototype.isEndPoint = function isEndPoint (maxSegmentIndex) {
-         if (this.segmentIndex === 0 && this.dist === 0.0) { return true }
-         if (this.segmentIndex === maxSegmentIndex) { return true }
-         return false
-       };
-       EdgeIntersection.prototype.toString = function toString () {
-         return this.coord + ' seg # = ' + this.segmentIndex + ' dist = ' + this.dist
-       };
-       EdgeIntersection.prototype.getDistance = function getDistance () {
-         return this.dist
-       };
-       EdgeIntersection.prototype.compare = function compare (segmentIndex, dist) {
-         if (this.segmentIndex < segmentIndex) { return -1 }
-         if (this.segmentIndex > segmentIndex) { return 1 }
-         if (this.dist < dist) { return -1 }
-         if (this.dist > dist) { return 1 }
-         return 0
-       };
-       EdgeIntersection.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [Comparable]
-       };
-       EdgeIntersection.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return EdgeIntersection
-       };
+           (function (window, undefined$1) {
+             var freeExports = false;
 
-       var EdgeIntersectionList = function EdgeIntersectionList () {
-         this._nodeMap = new TreeMap();
-         this.edge = null;
-         var edge = arguments[0];
-         this.edge = edge;
-       };
-       EdgeIntersectionList.prototype.print = function print (out) {
-         out.println('Intersections:');
-         for (var it = this.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
-           var ei = it.next();
-           ei.print(out);
-         }
-       };
-       EdgeIntersectionList.prototype.iterator = function iterator () {
-         return this._nodeMap.values().iterator()
-       };
-       EdgeIntersectionList.prototype.addSplitEdges = function addSplitEdges (edgeList) {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-         this.addEndpoints();
-         var it = this.iterator();
-         var eiPrev = it.next();
-         while (it.hasNext()) {
-           var ei = it.next();
-           var newEdge = this$1.createSplitEdge(eiPrev, ei);
-           edgeList.add(newEdge);
-           eiPrev = ei;
-         }
-       };
-       EdgeIntersectionList.prototype.addEndpoints = function addEndpoints () {
-         var maxSegIndex = this.edge.pts.length - 1;
-         this.add(this.edge.pts[0], 0, 0.0);
-         this.add(this.edge.pts[maxSegIndex], maxSegIndex, 0.0);
-       };
-       EdgeIntersectionList.prototype.createSplitEdge = function createSplitEdge (ei0, ei1) {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-         var npts = ei1.segmentIndex - ei0.segmentIndex + 2;
-         var lastSegStartPt = this.edge.pts[ei1.segmentIndex];
-         var useIntPt1 = ei1.dist > 0.0 || !ei1.coord.equals2D(lastSegStartPt);
-         if (!useIntPt1) {
-           npts--;
-         }
-         var pts = new Array(npts).fill(null);
-         var ipt = 0;
-         pts[ipt++] = new Coordinate(ei0.coord);
-         for (var i = ei0.segmentIndex + 1; i <= ei1.segmentIndex; i++) {
-           pts[ipt++] = this$1.edge.pts[i];
-         }
-         if (useIntPt1) { pts[ipt] = ei1.coord; }
-         return new Edge(pts, new Label(this.edge._label))
-       };
-       EdgeIntersectionList.prototype.add = function add (intPt, segmentIndex, dist) {
-         var eiNew = new EdgeIntersection(intPt, segmentIndex, dist);
-         var ei = this._nodeMap.get(eiNew);
-         if (ei !== null) {
-           return ei
-         }
-         this._nodeMap.put(eiNew, eiNew);
-         return eiNew
-       };
-       EdgeIntersectionList.prototype.isIntersection = function isIntersection (pt) {
-         for (var it = this.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
-           var ei = it.next();
-           if (ei.coord.equals(pt)) { return true }
-         }
-         return false
-       };
-       EdgeIntersectionList.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       EdgeIntersectionList.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return EdgeIntersectionList
-       };
+             {
+               freeExports = exports;
+
+               if (exports && _typeof(commonjsGlobal) === 'object' && commonjsGlobal && commonjsGlobal === commonjsGlobal.global) {
+                 window = commonjsGlobal;
+               }
+             }
+
+             if (typeof undefined$1 === 'function' && _typeof(undefined$1.amd) === 'object' && undefined$1.amd) {
+               // define as an anonymous module, so, through path mapping, it can be aliased
+               undefined$1(function () {
+                 return Hashes;
+               });
+             } else if (freeExports) {
+               // in Node.js or RingoJS v0.8.0+
+               if (module && module.exports === freeExports) {
+                 module.exports = Hashes;
+               } // in Narwhal or RingoJS v0.7.0-
+               else {
+                   freeExports.Hashes = Hashes;
+                 }
+             } else {
+               // in a browser or Rhino
+               window.Hashes = Hashes;
+             }
+           })(this);
+         })(); // IIFE
 
-       var MonotoneChainIndexer = function MonotoneChainIndexer () {};
+       });
 
-       MonotoneChainIndexer.prototype.getChainStartIndices = function getChainStartIndices (pts) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+       var sha1 = new hashes.SHA1(); // # xtend
 
-         var start = 0;
-         var startIndexList = new ArrayList();
-         startIndexList.add(new Integer(start));
-         do {
-           var last = this$1.findChainEnd(pts, start);
-           startIndexList.add(new Integer(last));
-           start = last;
-         } while (start < pts.length - 1)
-         var startIndex = MonotoneChainIndexer.toIntArray(startIndexList);
-         return startIndex
-       };
-       MonotoneChainIndexer.prototype.findChainEnd = function findChainEnd (pts, start) {
-         var chainQuad = Quadrant.quadrant(pts[start], pts[start + 1]);
-         var last = start + 1;
-         while (last < pts.length) {
-           var quad = Quadrant.quadrant(pts[last - 1], pts[last]);
-           if (quad !== chainQuad) { break }
-           last++;
-         }
-         return last - 1
-       };
-       MonotoneChainIndexer.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       MonotoneChainIndexer.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return MonotoneChainIndexer
-       };
-       MonotoneChainIndexer.toIntArray = function toIntArray (list) {
-         var array = new Array(list.size()).fill(null);
-         for (var i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
-           array[i] = list.get(i).intValue();
-         }
-         return array
-       };
+       var hasOwnProperty$1 = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;
 
-       var MonotoneChainEdge = function MonotoneChainEdge () {
-         this.e = null;
-         this.pts = null;
-         this.startIndex = null;
-         this.env1 = new Envelope();
-         this.env2 = new Envelope();
-         var e = arguments[0];
-         this.e = e;
-         this.pts = e.getCoordinates();
-         var mcb = new MonotoneChainIndexer();
-         this.startIndex = mcb.getChainStartIndices(this.pts);
-       };
-       MonotoneChainEdge.prototype.getCoordinates = function getCoordinates () {
-         return this.pts
-       };
-       MonotoneChainEdge.prototype.getMaxX = function getMaxX (chainIndex) {
-         var x1 = this.pts[this.startIndex[chainIndex]].x;
-         var x2 = this.pts[this.startIndex[chainIndex + 1]].x;
-         return x1 > x2 ? x1 : x2
-       };
-       MonotoneChainEdge.prototype.getMinX = function getMinX (chainIndex) {
-         var x1 = this.pts[this.startIndex[chainIndex]].x;
-         var x2 = this.pts[this.startIndex[chainIndex + 1]].x;
-         return x1 < x2 ? x1 : x2
-       };
-       MonotoneChainEdge.prototype.computeIntersectsForChain = function computeIntersectsForChain () {
-         if (arguments.length === 4) {
-           var chainIndex0 = arguments[0];
-           var mce = arguments[1];
-           var chainIndex1 = arguments[2];
-           var si = arguments[3];
-           this.computeIntersectsForChain(this.startIndex[chainIndex0], this.startIndex[chainIndex0 + 1], mce, mce.startIndex[chainIndex1], mce.startIndex[chainIndex1 + 1], si);
-         } else if (arguments.length === 6) {
-           var start0 = arguments[0];
-           var end0 = arguments[1];
-           var mce$1 = arguments[2];
-           var start1 = arguments[3];
-           var end1 = arguments[4];
-           var ei = arguments[5];
-           var p00 = this.pts[start0];
-           var p01 = this.pts[end0];
-           var p10 = mce$1.pts[start1];
-           var p11 = mce$1.pts[end1];
-           if (end0 - start0 === 1 && end1 - start1 === 1) {
-             ei.addIntersections(this.e, start0, mce$1.e, start1);
-             return null
-           }
-           this.env1.init(p00, p01);
-           this.env2.init(p10, p11);
-           if (!this.env1.intersects(this.env2)) { return null }
-           var mid0 = Math.trunc((start0 + end0) / 2);
-           var mid1 = Math.trunc((start1 + end1) / 2);
-           if (start0 < mid0) {
-             if (start1 < mid1) { this.computeIntersectsForChain(start0, mid0, mce$1, start1, mid1, ei); }
-             if (mid1 < end1) { this.computeIntersectsForChain(start0, mid0, mce$1, mid1, end1, ei); }
-           }
-           if (mid0 < end0) {
-             if (start1 < mid1) { this.computeIntersectsForChain(mid0, end0, mce$1, start1, mid1, ei); }
-             if (mid1 < end1) { this.computeIntersectsForChain(mid0, end0, mce$1, mid1, end1, ei); }
-           }
-         }
-       };
-       MonotoneChainEdge.prototype.getStartIndexes = function getStartIndexes () {
-         return this.startIndex
-       };
-       MonotoneChainEdge.prototype.computeIntersects = function computeIntersects (mce, si) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+       function xtend() {
+         var target = {};
+
+         for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
+           var source = arguments[i];
 
-         for (var i = 0; i < this.startIndex.length - 1; i++) {
-           for (var j = 0; j < mce.startIndex.length - 1; j++) {
-             this$1.computeIntersectsForChain(i, mce, j, si);
+           for (var key in source) {
+             if (hasOwnProperty$1.call(source, key)) {
+               target[key] = source[key];
+             }
            }
          }
+
+         return target;
+       }
+
+       var ohauth = {};
+
+       ohauth.qsString = function (obj) {
+         return Object.keys(obj).sort().map(function (key) {
+           return ohauth.percentEncode(key) + '=' + ohauth.percentEncode(obj[key]);
+         }).join('&');
        };
-       MonotoneChainEdge.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       MonotoneChainEdge.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return MonotoneChainEdge
+
+       ohauth.stringQs = function (str) {
+         return str.split('&').filter(function (pair) {
+           return pair !== '';
+         }).reduce(function (obj, pair) {
+           var parts = pair.split('=');
+           obj[decodeURIComponent(parts[0])] = null === parts[1] ? '' : decodeURIComponent(parts[1]);
+           return obj;
+         }, {});
        };
 
-       var Depth = function Depth () {
-         var this$1 = this;
+       ohauth.rawxhr = function (method, url, data, headers, callback) {
+         var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest(),
+             twoHundred = /^20\d$/;
 
-         this._depth = Array(2).fill().map(function () { return Array(3); });
-         for (var i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
-           for (var j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
-             this$1._depth[i][j] = Depth.NULL_VALUE;
+         xhr.onreadystatechange = function () {
+           if (4 === xhr.readyState && 0 !== xhr.status) {
+             if (twoHundred.test(xhr.status)) callback(null, xhr);else return callback(xhr, null);
            }
+         };
+
+         xhr.onerror = function (e) {
+           return callback(e, null);
+         };
+
+         xhr.open(method, url, true);
+
+         for (var h in headers) {
+           xhr.setRequestHeader(h, headers[h]);
          }
-       };
 
-       var staticAccessors$31 = { NULL_VALUE: { configurable: true } };
-       Depth.prototype.getDepth = function getDepth (geomIndex, posIndex) {
-         return this._depth[geomIndex][posIndex]
-       };
-       Depth.prototype.setDepth = function setDepth (geomIndex, posIndex, depthValue) {
-         this._depth[geomIndex][posIndex] = depthValue;
+         xhr.send(data);
+         return xhr;
        };
-       Depth.prototype.isNull = function isNull () {
-           var this$1 = this;
 
-         if (arguments.length === 0) {
-           for (var i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
-             for (var j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
-               if (this$1._depth[i][j] !== Depth.NULL_VALUE) { return false }
-             }
-           }
-           return true
-         } else if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var geomIndex = arguments[0];
-           return this._depth[geomIndex][1] === Depth.NULL_VALUE
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var geomIndex$1 = arguments[0];
-           var posIndex = arguments[1];
-           return this._depth[geomIndex$1][posIndex] === Depth.NULL_VALUE
-         }
+       ohauth.xhr = function (method, url, auth, data, options, callback) {
+         var headers = options && options.header || {
+           'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
+         };
+         headers.Authorization = 'OAuth ' + ohauth.authHeader(auth);
+         return ohauth.rawxhr(method, url, data, headers, callback);
        };
-       Depth.prototype.normalize = function normalize () {
-           var this$1 = this;
 
-         for (var i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
-           if (!this$1.isNull(i)) {
-             var minDepth = this$1._depth[i][1];
-             if (this$1._depth[i][2] < minDepth) { minDepth = this$1._depth[i][2]; }
-             if (minDepth < 0) { minDepth = 0; }
-             for (var j = 1; j < 3; j++) {
-               var newValue = 0;
-               if (this$1._depth[i][j] > minDepth) { newValue = 1; }
-               this$1._depth[i][j] = newValue;
-             }
-           }
+       ohauth.nonce = function () {
+         for (var o = ''; o.length < 6;) {
+           o += '0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXTZabcdefghiklmnopqrstuvwxyz'[Math.floor(Math.random() * 61)];
          }
+
+         return o;
        };
-       Depth.prototype.getDelta = function getDelta (geomIndex) {
-         return this._depth[geomIndex][Position.RIGHT] - this._depth[geomIndex][Position.LEFT]
-       };
-       Depth.prototype.getLocation = function getLocation (geomIndex, posIndex) {
-         if (this._depth[geomIndex][posIndex] <= 0) { return Location.EXTERIOR }
-         return Location.INTERIOR
-       };
-       Depth.prototype.toString = function toString () {
-         return 'A: ' + this._depth[0][1] + ',' + this._depth[0][2] + ' B: ' + this._depth[1][1] + ',' + this._depth[1][2]
+
+       ohauth.authHeader = function (obj) {
+         return Object.keys(obj).sort().map(function (key) {
+           return encodeURIComponent(key) + '="' + encodeURIComponent(obj[key]) + '"';
+         }).join(', ');
        };
-       Depth.prototype.add = function add () {
-           var this$1 = this;
 
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var lbl = arguments[0];
-           for (var i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
-             for (var j = 1; j < 3; j++) {
-               var loc = lbl.getLocation(i, j);
-               if (loc === Location.EXTERIOR || loc === Location.INTERIOR) {
-                 if (this$1.isNull(i, j)) {
-                   this$1._depth[i][j] = Depth.depthAtLocation(loc);
-                 } else { this$1._depth[i][j] += Depth.depthAtLocation(loc); }
-               }
-             }
-           }
-         } else if (arguments.length === 3) {
-           var geomIndex = arguments[0];
-           var posIndex = arguments[1];
-           var location = arguments[2];
-           if (location === Location.INTERIOR) { this._depth[geomIndex][posIndex]++; }
-         }
+       ohauth.timestamp = function () {
+         return ~~(+new Date() / 1000);
        };
-       Depth.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
+
+       ohauth.percentEncode = function (s) {
+         return encodeURIComponent(s).replace(/\!/g, '%21').replace(/\'/g, '%27').replace(/\*/g, '%2A').replace(/\(/g, '%28').replace(/\)/g, '%29');
        };
-       Depth.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return Depth
+
+       ohauth.baseString = function (method, url, params) {
+         if (params.oauth_signature) delete params.oauth_signature;
+         return [method, ohauth.percentEncode(url), ohauth.percentEncode(ohauth.qsString(params))].join('&');
        };
-       Depth.depthAtLocation = function depthAtLocation (location) {
-         if (location === Location.EXTERIOR) { return 0 }
-         if (location === Location.INTERIOR) { return 1 }
-         return Depth.NULL_VALUE
+
+       ohauth.signature = function (oauth_secret, token_secret, baseString) {
+         return sha1.b64_hmac(ohauth.percentEncode(oauth_secret) + '&' + ohauth.percentEncode(token_secret), baseString);
        };
-       staticAccessors$31.NULL_VALUE.get = function () { return -1 };
-
-       Object.defineProperties( Depth, staticAccessors$31 );
-
-       var Edge = (function (GraphComponent$$1) {
-         function Edge () {
-           GraphComponent$$1.call(this);
-           this.pts = null;
-           this._env = null;
-           this.eiList = new EdgeIntersectionList(this);
-           this._name = null;
-           this._mce = null;
-           this._isIsolated = true;
-           this._depth = new Depth();
-           this._depthDelta = 0;
-           if (arguments.length === 1) {
-             var pts = arguments[0];
-             Edge.call(this, pts, null);
-           } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-             var pts$1 = arguments[0];
-             var label = arguments[1];
-             this.pts = pts$1;
-             this._label = label;
-           }
-         }
+       /**
+        * Takes an options object for configuration (consumer_key,
+        * consumer_secret, version, signature_method, token, token_secret)
+        * and returns a function that generates the Authorization header
+        * for given data.
+        *
+        * The returned function takes these parameters:
+        * - method: GET/POST/...
+        * - uri: full URI with protocol, port, path and query string
+        * - extra_params: any extra parameters (that are passed in the POST data),
+        *   can be an object or a from-urlencoded string.
+        *
+        * Returned function returns full OAuth header with "OAuth" string in it.
+        */
 
-         if ( GraphComponent$$1 ) Edge.__proto__ = GraphComponent$$1;
-         Edge.prototype = Object.create( GraphComponent$$1 && GraphComponent$$1.prototype );
-         Edge.prototype.constructor = Edge;
-         Edge.prototype.getDepth = function getDepth () {
-           return this._depth
-         };
-         Edge.prototype.getCollapsedEdge = function getCollapsedEdge () {
-           var newPts = new Array(2).fill(null);
-           newPts[0] = this.pts[0];
-           newPts[1] = this.pts[1];
-           var newe = new Edge(newPts, Label.toLineLabel(this._label));
-           return newe
-         };
-         Edge.prototype.isIsolated = function isIsolated () {
-           return this._isIsolated
-         };
-         Edge.prototype.getCoordinates = function getCoordinates () {
-           return this.pts
-         };
-         Edge.prototype.setIsolated = function setIsolated (isIsolated) {
-           this._isIsolated = isIsolated;
-         };
-         Edge.prototype.setName = function setName (name) {
-           this._name = name;
-         };
-         Edge.prototype.equals = function equals (o) {
-           var this$1 = this;
 
-           if (!(o instanceof Edge)) { return false }
-           var e = o;
-           if (this.pts.length !== e.pts.length) { return false }
-           var isEqualForward = true;
-           var isEqualReverse = true;
-           var iRev = this.pts.length;
-           for (var i = 0; i < this.pts.length; i++) {
-             if (!this$1.pts[i].equals2D(e.pts[i])) {
-               isEqualForward = false;
-             }
-             if (!this$1.pts[i].equals2D(e.pts[--iRev])) {
-               isEqualReverse = false;
-             }
-             if (!isEqualForward && !isEqualReverse) { return false }
-           }
-           return true
-         };
-         Edge.prototype.getCoordinate = function getCoordinate () {
-           if (arguments.length === 0) {
-             if (this.pts.length > 0) { return this.pts[0] }
-             return null
-           } else if (arguments.length === 1) {
-             var i = arguments[0];
-             return this.pts[i]
-           }
-         };
-         Edge.prototype.print = function print (out) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+       ohauth.headerGenerator = function (options) {
+         options = options || {};
+         var consumer_key = options.consumer_key || '',
+             consumer_secret = options.consumer_secret || '',
+             signature_method = options.signature_method || 'HMAC-SHA1',
+             version = options.version || '1.0',
+             token = options.token || '',
+             token_secret = options.token_secret || '';
+         return function (method, uri, extra_params) {
+           method = method.toUpperCase();
 
-           out.print('edge ' + this._name + ': ');
-           out.print('LINESTRING (');
-           for (var i = 0; i < this.pts.length; i++) {
-             if (i > 0) { out.print(','); }
-             out.print(this$1.pts[i].x + ' ' + this$1.pts[i].y);
+           if (typeof extra_params === 'string' && extra_params.length > 0) {
+             extra_params = ohauth.stringQs(extra_params);
            }
-           out.print(')  ' + this._label + ' ' + this._depthDelta);
-         };
-         Edge.prototype.computeIM = function computeIM (im) {
-           Edge.updateIM(this._label, im);
-         };
-         Edge.prototype.isCollapsed = function isCollapsed () {
-           if (!this._label.isArea()) { return false }
-           if (this.pts.length !== 3) { return false }
-           if (this.pts[0].equals(this.pts[2])) { return true }
-           return false
-         };
-         Edge.prototype.isClosed = function isClosed () {
-           return this.pts[0].equals(this.pts[this.pts.length - 1])
-         };
-         Edge.prototype.getMaximumSegmentIndex = function getMaximumSegmentIndex () {
-           return this.pts.length - 1
-         };
-         Edge.prototype.getDepthDelta = function getDepthDelta () {
-           return this._depthDelta
-         };
-         Edge.prototype.getNumPoints = function getNumPoints () {
-           return this.pts.length
+
+           var uri_parts = uri.split('?', 2),
+               base_uri = uri_parts[0];
+           var query_params = uri_parts.length === 2 ? ohauth.stringQs(uri_parts[1]) : {};
+           var oauth_params = {
+             oauth_consumer_key: consumer_key,
+             oauth_signature_method: signature_method,
+             oauth_version: version,
+             oauth_timestamp: ohauth.timestamp(),
+             oauth_nonce: ohauth.nonce()
+           };
+           if (token) oauth_params.oauth_token = token;
+           var all_params = xtend({}, oauth_params, query_params, extra_params),
+               base_str = ohauth.baseString(method, base_uri, all_params);
+           oauth_params.oauth_signature = ohauth.signature(consumer_secret, token_secret, base_str);
+           return 'OAuth ' + ohauth.authHeader(oauth_params);
          };
-         Edge.prototype.printReverse = function printReverse (out) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+       };
+
+       var ohauth_1 = ohauth;
 
-           out.print('edge ' + this._name + ': ');
-           for (var i = this.pts.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-             out.print(this$1.pts[i] + ' ');
+       var resolveUrl = createCommonjsModule(function (module, exports) {
+         // Copyright 2014 Simon Lydell
+         // X11 (“MIT”) Licensed. (See LICENSE.)
+         void function (root, factory) {
+           {
+             module.exports = factory();
            }
-           out.println('');
-         };
-         Edge.prototype.getMonotoneChainEdge = function getMonotoneChainEdge () {
-           if (this._mce === null) { this._mce = new MonotoneChainEdge(this); }
-           return this._mce
-         };
-         Edge.prototype.getEnvelope = function getEnvelope () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+         }(commonjsGlobal, function () {
+           function resolveUrl()
+           /* ...urls */
+           {
+             var numUrls = arguments.length;
 
-           if (this._env === null) {
-             this._env = new Envelope();
-             for (var i = 0; i < this.pts.length; i++) {
-               this$1._env.expandToInclude(this$1.pts[i]);
+             if (numUrls === 0) {
+               throw new Error("resolveUrl requires at least one argument; got none.");
              }
-           }
-           return this._env
-         };
-         Edge.prototype.addIntersection = function addIntersection (li, segmentIndex, geomIndex, intIndex) {
-           var intPt = new Coordinate(li.getIntersection(intIndex));
-           var normalizedSegmentIndex = segmentIndex;
-           var dist = li.getEdgeDistance(geomIndex, intIndex);
-           var nextSegIndex = normalizedSegmentIndex + 1;
-           if (nextSegIndex < this.pts.length) {
-             var nextPt = this.pts[nextSegIndex];
-             if (intPt.equals2D(nextPt)) {
-               normalizedSegmentIndex = nextSegIndex;
-               dist = 0.0;
+
+             var base = document.createElement("base");
+             base.href = arguments[0];
+
+             if (numUrls === 1) {
+               return base.href;
              }
-           }
-           this.eiList.add(intPt, normalizedSegmentIndex, dist);
-         };
-         Edge.prototype.toString = function toString () {
-           var this$1 = this;
 
-           var buf = new StringBuffer();
-           buf.append('edge ' + this._name + ': ');
-           buf.append('LINESTRING (');
-           for (var i = 0; i < this.pts.length; i++) {
-             if (i > 0) { buf.append(','); }
-             buf.append(this$1.pts[i].x + ' ' + this$1.pts[i].y);
-           }
-           buf.append(')  ' + this._label + ' ' + this._depthDelta);
-           return buf.toString()
-         };
-         Edge.prototype.isPointwiseEqual = function isPointwiseEqual (e) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+             var head = document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0];
+             head.insertBefore(base, head.firstChild);
+             var a = document.createElement("a");
+             var resolved;
 
-           if (this.pts.length !== e.pts.length) { return false }
-           for (var i = 0; i < this.pts.length; i++) {
-             if (!this$1.pts[i].equals2D(e.pts[i])) {
-               return false
+             for (var index = 1; index < numUrls; index++) {
+               a.href = arguments[index];
+               resolved = a.href;
+               base.href = resolved;
              }
-           }
-           return true
-         };
-         Edge.prototype.setDepthDelta = function setDepthDelta (depthDelta) {
-           this._depthDelta = depthDelta;
-         };
-         Edge.prototype.getEdgeIntersectionList = function getEdgeIntersectionList () {
-           return this.eiList
-         };
-         Edge.prototype.addIntersections = function addIntersections (li, segmentIndex, geomIndex) {
-           var this$1 = this;
 
-           for (var i = 0; i < li.getIntersectionNum(); i++) {
-             this$1.addIntersection(li, segmentIndex, geomIndex, i);
+             head.removeChild(base);
+             return resolved;
            }
-         };
-         Edge.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-           return []
-         };
-         Edge.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-           return Edge
-         };
-         Edge.updateIM = function updateIM () {
-           if (arguments.length === 2) {
-             var label = arguments[0];
-             var im = arguments[1];
-             im.setAtLeastIfValid(label.getLocation(0, Position.ON), label.getLocation(1, Position.ON), 1);
-             if (label.isArea()) {
-               im.setAtLeastIfValid(label.getLocation(0, Position.LEFT), label.getLocation(1, Position.LEFT), 2);
-               im.setAtLeastIfValid(label.getLocation(0, Position.RIGHT), label.getLocation(1, Position.RIGHT), 2);
-             }
-           } else { return GraphComponent$$1.prototype.updateIM.apply(this, arguments) }
-         };
 
-         return Edge;
-       }(GraphComponent));
+           return resolveUrl;
+         });
+       });
 
-       var BufferBuilder = function BufferBuilder (bufParams) {
-         this._workingPrecisionModel = null;
-         this._workingNoder = null;
-         this._geomFact = null;
-         this._graph = null;
-         this._edgeList = new EdgeList();
-         this._bufParams = bufParams || null;
-       };
-       BufferBuilder.prototype.setWorkingPrecisionModel = function setWorkingPrecisionModel (pm) {
-         this._workingPrecisionModel = pm;
+       var assign = make_assign();
+       var create$1 = make_create();
+       var trim$1 = make_trim();
+       var Global$5 = typeof window !== 'undefined' ? window : commonjsGlobal;
+       var util = {
+         assign: assign,
+         create: create$1,
+         trim: trim$1,
+         bind: bind$1,
+         slice: slice$1,
+         each: each$7,
+         map: map,
+         pluck: pluck$1,
+         isList: isList$1,
+         isFunction: isFunction$1,
+         isObject: isObject$1,
+         Global: Global$5
        };
-       BufferBuilder.prototype.insertUniqueEdge = function insertUniqueEdge (e) {
-         var existingEdge = this._edgeList.findEqualEdge(e);
-         if (existingEdge !== null) {
-           var existingLabel = existingEdge.getLabel();
-           var labelToMerge = e.getLabel();
-           if (!existingEdge.isPointwiseEqual(e)) {
-             labelToMerge = new Label(e.getLabel());
-             labelToMerge.flip();
-           }
-           existingLabel.merge(labelToMerge);
-           var mergeDelta = BufferBuilder.depthDelta(labelToMerge);
-           var existingDelta = existingEdge.getDepthDelta();
-           var newDelta = existingDelta + mergeDelta;
-           existingEdge.setDepthDelta(newDelta);
+
+       function make_assign() {
+         if (Object.assign) {
+           return Object.assign;
          } else {
-           this._edgeList.add(e);
-           e.setDepthDelta(BufferBuilder.depthDelta(e.getLabel()));
-         }
-       };
-       BufferBuilder.prototype.buildSubgraphs = function buildSubgraphs (subgraphList, polyBuilder) {
-         var processedGraphs = new ArrayList();
-         for (var i = subgraphList.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
-           var subgraph = i.next();
-           var p = subgraph.getRightmostCoordinate();
-           var locater = new SubgraphDepthLocater(processedGraphs);
-           var outsideDepth = locater.getDepth(p);
-           subgraph.computeDepth(outsideDepth);
-           subgraph.findResultEdges();
-           processedGraphs.add(subgraph);
-           polyBuilder.add(subgraph.getDirectedEdges(), subgraph.getNodes());
-         }
-       };
-       BufferBuilder.prototype.createSubgraphs = function createSubgraphs (graph) {
-         var subgraphList = new ArrayList();
-         for (var i = graph.getNodes().iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
-           var node = i.next();
-           if (!node.isVisited()) {
-             var subgraph = new BufferSubgraph();
-             subgraph.create(node);
-             subgraphList.add(subgraph);
-           }
-         }
-         Collections.sort(subgraphList, Collections.reverseOrder());
-         return subgraphList
-       };
-       BufferBuilder.prototype.createEmptyResultGeometry = function createEmptyResultGeometry () {
-         var emptyGeom = this._geomFact.createPolygon();
-         return emptyGeom
-       };
-       BufferBuilder.prototype.getNoder = function getNoder (precisionModel) {
-         if (this._workingNoder !== null) { return this._workingNoder }
-         var noder = new MCIndexNoder();
-         var li = new RobustLineIntersector();
-         li.setPrecisionModel(precisionModel);
-         noder.setSegmentIntersector(new IntersectionAdder(li));
-         return noder
-       };
-       BufferBuilder.prototype.buffer = function buffer (g, distance) {
-         var precisionModel = this._workingPrecisionModel;
-         if (precisionModel === null) { precisionModel = g.getPrecisionModel(); }
-         this._geomFact = g.getFactory();
-         var curveBuilder = new OffsetCurveBuilder(precisionModel, this._bufParams);
-         var curveSetBuilder = new OffsetCurveSetBuilder(g, distance, curveBuilder);
-         var bufferSegStrList = curveSetBuilder.getCurves();
-         if (bufferSegStrList.size() <= 0) {
-           return this.createEmptyResultGeometry()
-         }
-         this.computeNodedEdges(bufferSegStrList, precisionModel);
-         this._graph = new PlanarGraph(new OverlayNodeFactory());
-         this._graph.addEdges(this._edgeList.getEdges());
-         var subgraphList = this.createSubgraphs(this._graph);
-         var polyBuilder = new PolygonBuilder(this._geomFact);
-         this.buildSubgraphs(subgraphList, polyBuilder);
-         var resultPolyList = polyBuilder.getPolygons();
-         if (resultPolyList.size() <= 0) {
-           return this.createEmptyResultGeometry()
-         }
-         var resultGeom = this._geomFact.buildGeometry(resultPolyList);
-         return resultGeom
-       };
-       BufferBuilder.prototype.computeNodedEdges = function computeNodedEdges (bufferSegStrList, precisionModel) {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-         var noder = this.getNoder(precisionModel);
-         noder.computeNodes(bufferSegStrList);
-         var nodedSegStrings = noder.getNodedSubstrings();
-         for (var i = nodedSegStrings.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
-           var segStr = i.next();
-           var pts = segStr.getCoordinates();
-           if (pts.length === 2 && pts[0].equals2D(pts[1])) { continue }
-           var oldLabel = segStr.getData();
-           var edge = new Edge(segStr.getCoordinates(), new Label(oldLabel));
-           this$1.insertUniqueEdge(edge);
-         }
-       };
-       BufferBuilder.prototype.setNoder = function setNoder (noder) {
-         this._workingNoder = noder;
-       };
-       BufferBuilder.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       BufferBuilder.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return BufferBuilder
-       };
-       BufferBuilder.depthDelta = function depthDelta (label) {
-         var lLoc = label.getLocation(0, Position.LEFT);
-         var rLoc = label.getLocation(0, Position.RIGHT);
-         if (lLoc === Location.INTERIOR && rLoc === Location.EXTERIOR) { return 1; } else if (lLoc === Location.EXTERIOR && rLoc === Location.INTERIOR) { return -1 }
-         return 0
-       };
-       BufferBuilder.convertSegStrings = function convertSegStrings (it) {
-         var fact = new GeometryFactory();
-         var lines = new ArrayList();
-         while (it.hasNext()) {
-           var ss = it.next();
-           var line = fact.createLineString(ss.getCoordinates());
-           lines.add(line);
-         }
-         return fact.buildGeometry(lines)
-       };
+           return function shimAssign(obj, props1, props2, etc) {
+             for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {
+               each$7(Object(arguments[i]), function (val, key) {
+                 obj[key] = val;
+               });
+             }
 
-       var ScaledNoder = function ScaledNoder () {
-         this._noder = null;
-         this._scaleFactor = null;
-         this._offsetX = null;
-         this._offsetY = null;
-         this._isScaled = false;
-         if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var noder = arguments[0];
-           var scaleFactor = arguments[1];
-           this._noder = noder;
-           this._scaleFactor = scaleFactor;
-           this._offsetX = 0.0;
-           this._offsetY = 0.0;
-           this._isScaled = !this.isIntegerPrecision();
-         } else if (arguments.length === 4) {
-           var noder$1 = arguments[0];
-           var scaleFactor$1 = arguments[1];
-           var offsetX = arguments[2];
-           var offsetY = arguments[3];
-           this._noder = noder$1;
-           this._scaleFactor = scaleFactor$1;
-           this._offsetX = offsetX;
-           this._offsetY = offsetY;
-           this._isScaled = !this.isIntegerPrecision();
-         }
-       };
-       ScaledNoder.prototype.rescale = function rescale () {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-         if (hasInterface(arguments[0], Collection)) {
-           var segStrings = arguments[0];
-           for (var i = segStrings.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
-             var ss = i.next();
-             this$1.rescale(ss.getCoordinates());
-           }
-         } else if (arguments[0] instanceof Array) {
-           var pts = arguments[0];
-           // let p0 = null
-           // let p1 = null
-           // if (pts.length === 2) {
-           // p0 = new Coordinate(pts[0])
-           // p1 = new Coordinate(pts[1])
-           // }
-           for (var i$1 = 0; i$1 < pts.length; i$1++) {
-             pts[i$1].x = pts[i$1].x / this$1._scaleFactor + this$1._offsetX;
-             pts[i$1].y = pts[i$1].y / this$1._scaleFactor + this$1._offsetY;
-           }
-           if (pts.length === 2 && pts[0].equals2D(pts[1])) {
-             System.out.println(pts);
-           }
-         }
-       };
-       ScaledNoder.prototype.scale = function scale () {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-         if (hasInterface(arguments[0], Collection)) {
-           var segStrings = arguments[0];
-           var nodedSegmentStrings = new ArrayList();
-           for (var i = segStrings.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
-             var ss = i.next();
-             nodedSegmentStrings.add(new NodedSegmentString(this$1.scale(ss.getCoordinates()), ss.getData()));
-           }
-           return nodedSegmentStrings
-         } else if (arguments[0] instanceof Array) {
-           var pts = arguments[0];
-           var roundPts = new Array(pts.length).fill(null);
-           for (var i$1 = 0; i$1 < pts.length; i$1++) {
-             roundPts[i$1] = new Coordinate(Math.round((pts[i$1].x - this$1._offsetX) * this$1._scaleFactor), Math.round((pts[i$1].y - this$1._offsetY) * this$1._scaleFactor), pts[i$1].z);
-           }
-           var roundPtsNoDup = CoordinateArrays.removeRepeatedPoints(roundPts);
-           return roundPtsNoDup
+             return obj;
+           };
          }
-       };
-       ScaledNoder.prototype.isIntegerPrecision = function isIntegerPrecision () {
-         return this._scaleFactor === 1.0
-       };
-       ScaledNoder.prototype.getNodedSubstrings = function getNodedSubstrings () {
-         var splitSS = this._noder.getNodedSubstrings();
-         if (this._isScaled) { this.rescale(splitSS); }
-         return splitSS
-       };
-       ScaledNoder.prototype.computeNodes = function computeNodes (inputSegStrings) {
-         var intSegStrings = inputSegStrings;
-         if (this._isScaled) { intSegStrings = this.scale(inputSegStrings); }
-         this._noder.computeNodes(intSegStrings);
-       };
-       ScaledNoder.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [Noder]
-       };
-       ScaledNoder.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return ScaledNoder
-       };
-
-       var NodingValidator = function NodingValidator () {
-         this._li = new RobustLineIntersector();
-         this._segStrings = null;
-         var segStrings = arguments[0];
-         this._segStrings = segStrings;
-       };
+       }
 
-       var staticAccessors$33 = { fact: { configurable: true } };
-       NodingValidator.prototype.checkEndPtVertexIntersections = function checkEndPtVertexIntersections () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+       function make_create() {
+         if (Object.create) {
+           return function create(obj, assignProps1, assignProps2, etc) {
+             var assignArgsList = slice$1(arguments, 1);
+             return assign.apply(this, [Object.create(obj)].concat(assignArgsList));
+           };
+         } else {
+           var F = function F() {}; // eslint-disable-line no-inner-declarations
 
-         if (arguments.length === 0) {
-           for (var i = this._segStrings.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
-             var ss = i.next();
-             var pts = ss.getCoordinates();
-             this$1.checkEndPtVertexIntersections(pts[0], this$1._segStrings);
-             this$1.checkEndPtVertexIntersections(pts[pts.length - 1], this$1._segStrings);
-           }
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var testPt = arguments[0];
-           var segStrings = arguments[1];
-           for (var i$1 = segStrings.iterator(); i$1.hasNext();) {
-             var ss$1 = i$1.next();
-             var pts$1 = ss$1.getCoordinates();
-             for (var j = 1; j < pts$1.length - 1; j++) {
-               if (pts$1[j].equals(testPt)) { throw new RuntimeException('found endpt/interior pt intersection at index ' + j + ' :pt ' + testPt) }
-             }
-           }
-         }
-       };
-       NodingValidator.prototype.checkInteriorIntersections = function checkInteriorIntersections () {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-         if (arguments.length === 0) {
-           for (var i = this._segStrings.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
-             var ss0 = i.next();
-             for (var j = this._segStrings.iterator(); j.hasNext();) {
-               var ss1 = j.next();
-               this$1.checkInteriorIntersections(ss0, ss1);
-             }
-           }
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var ss0$1 = arguments[0];
-           var ss1$1 = arguments[1];
-           var pts0 = ss0$1.getCoordinates();
-           var pts1 = ss1$1.getCoordinates();
-           for (var i0 = 0; i0 < pts0.length - 1; i0++) {
-             for (var i1 = 0; i1 < pts1.length - 1; i1++) {
-               this$1.checkInteriorIntersections(ss0$1, i0, ss1$1, i1);
-             }
-           }
-         } else if (arguments.length === 4) {
-           var e0 = arguments[0];
-           var segIndex0 = arguments[1];
-           var e1 = arguments[2];
-           var segIndex1 = arguments[3];
-           if (e0 === e1 && segIndex0 === segIndex1) { return null }
-           var p00 = e0.getCoordinates()[segIndex0];
-           var p01 = e0.getCoordinates()[segIndex0 + 1];
-           var p10 = e1.getCoordinates()[segIndex1];
-           var p11 = e1.getCoordinates()[segIndex1 + 1];
-           this._li.computeIntersection(p00, p01, p10, p11);
-           if (this._li.hasIntersection()) {
-             if (this._li.isProper() || this.hasInteriorIntersection(this._li, p00, p01) || this.hasInteriorIntersection(this._li, p10, p11)) {
-               throw new RuntimeException('found non-noded intersection at ' + p00 + '-' + p01 + ' and ' + p10 + '-' + p11)
-             }
-           }
-         }
-       };
-       NodingValidator.prototype.checkValid = function checkValid () {
-         this.checkEndPtVertexIntersections();
-         this.checkInteriorIntersections();
-         this.checkCollapses();
-       };
-       NodingValidator.prototype.checkCollapses = function checkCollapses () {
-           var this$1 = this;
 
-         if (arguments.length === 0) {
-           for (var i = this._segStrings.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
-             var ss = i.next();
-             this$1.checkCollapses(ss);
-           }
-         } else if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var ss$1 = arguments[0];
-           var pts = ss$1.getCoordinates();
-           for (var i$1 = 0; i$1 < pts.length - 2; i$1++) {
-             this$1.checkCollapse(pts[i$1], pts[i$1 + 1], pts[i$1 + 2]);
-           }
-         }
-       };
-       NodingValidator.prototype.hasInteriorIntersection = function hasInteriorIntersection (li, p0, p1) {
-         for (var i = 0; i < li.getIntersectionNum(); i++) {
-           var intPt = li.getIntersection(i);
-           if (!(intPt.equals(p0) || intPt.equals(p1))) { return true }
+           return function create(obj, assignProps1, assignProps2, etc) {
+             var assignArgsList = slice$1(arguments, 1);
+             F.prototype = obj;
+             return assign.apply(this, [new F()].concat(assignArgsList));
+           };
          }
-         return false
-       };
-       NodingValidator.prototype.checkCollapse = function checkCollapse (p0, p1, p2) {
-         if (p0.equals(p2)) { throw new RuntimeException('found non-noded collapse at ' + NodingValidator.fact.createLineString([p0, p1, p2])) }
-       };
-       NodingValidator.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       NodingValidator.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return NodingValidator
-       };
-       staticAccessors$33.fact.get = function () { return new GeometryFactory() };
-
-       Object.defineProperties( NodingValidator, staticAccessors$33 );
-
-       var HotPixel = function HotPixel () {
-         this._li = null;
-         this._pt = null;
-         this._originalPt = null;
-         this._ptScaled = null;
-         this._p0Scaled = null;
-         this._p1Scaled = null;
-         this._scaleFactor = null;
-         this._minx = null;
-         this._maxx = null;
-         this._miny = null;
-         this._maxy = null;
-         this._corner = new Array(4).fill(null);
-         this._safeEnv = null;
-         var pt = arguments[0];
-         var scaleFactor = arguments[1];
-         var li = arguments[2];
-         this._originalPt = pt;
-         this._pt = pt;
-         this._scaleFactor = scaleFactor;
-         this._li = li;
-         if (scaleFactor <= 0) { throw new IllegalArgumentException('Scale factor must be non-zero') }
-         if (scaleFactor !== 1.0) {
-           this._pt = new Coordinate(this.scale(pt.x), this.scale(pt.y));
-           this._p0Scaled = new Coordinate();
-           this._p1Scaled = new Coordinate();
-         }
-         this.initCorners(this._pt);
-       };
+       }
 
-       var staticAccessors$34 = { SAFE_ENV_EXPANSION_FACTOR: { configurable: true } };
-       HotPixel.prototype.intersectsScaled = function intersectsScaled (p0, p1) {
-         var segMinx = Math.min(p0.x, p1.x);
-         var segMaxx = Math.max(p0.x, p1.x);
-         var segMiny = Math.min(p0.y, p1.y);
-         var segMaxy = Math.max(p0.y, p1.y);
-         var isOutsidePixelEnv = this._maxx < segMinx || this._minx > segMaxx || this._maxy < segMiny || this._miny > segMaxy;
-         if (isOutsidePixelEnv) { return false }
-         var intersects = this.intersectsToleranceSquare(p0, p1);
-         Assert.isTrue(!(isOutsidePixelEnv && intersects), 'Found bad envelope test');
-         return intersects
-       };
-       HotPixel.prototype.initCorners = function initCorners (pt) {
-         var tolerance = 0.5;
-         this._minx = pt.x - tolerance;
-         this._maxx = pt.x + tolerance;
-         this._miny = pt.y - tolerance;
-         this._maxy = pt.y + tolerance;
-         this._corner[0] = new Coordinate(this._maxx, this._maxy);
-         this._corner[1] = new Coordinate(this._minx, this._maxy);
-         this._corner[2] = new Coordinate(this._minx, this._miny);
-         this._corner[3] = new Coordinate(this._maxx, this._miny);
-       };
-       HotPixel.prototype.intersects = function intersects (p0, p1) {
-         if (this._scaleFactor === 1.0) { return this.intersectsScaled(p0, p1) }
-         this.copyScaled(p0, this._p0Scaled);
-         this.copyScaled(p1, this._p1Scaled);
-         return this.intersectsScaled(this._p0Scaled, this._p1Scaled)
-       };
-       HotPixel.prototype.scale = function scale (val) {
-         return Math.round(val * this._scaleFactor)
-       };
-       HotPixel.prototype.getCoordinate = function getCoordinate () {
-         return this._originalPt
-       };
-       HotPixel.prototype.copyScaled = function copyScaled (p, pScaled) {
-         pScaled.x = this.scale(p.x);
-         pScaled.y = this.scale(p.y);
-       };
-       HotPixel.prototype.getSafeEnvelope = function getSafeEnvelope () {
-         if (this._safeEnv === null) {
-           var safeTolerance = HotPixel.SAFE_ENV_EXPANSION_FACTOR / this._scaleFactor;
-           this._safeEnv = new Envelope(this._originalPt.x - safeTolerance, this._originalPt.x + safeTolerance, this._originalPt.y - safeTolerance, this._originalPt.y + safeTolerance);
+       function make_trim() {
+         if (String.prototype.trim) {
+           return function trim(str) {
+             return String.prototype.trim.call(str);
+           };
+         } else {
+           return function trim(str) {
+             return str.replace(/^[\s\uFEFF\xA0]+|[\s\uFEFF\xA0]+$/g, '');
+           };
          }
-         return this._safeEnv
-       };
-       HotPixel.prototype.intersectsPixelClosure = function intersectsPixelClosure (p0, p1) {
-         this._li.computeIntersection(p0, p1, this._corner[0], this._corner[1]);
-         if (this._li.hasIntersection()) { return true }
-         this._li.computeIntersection(p0, p1, this._corner[1], this._corner[2]);
-         if (this._li.hasIntersection()) { return true }
-         this._li.computeIntersection(p0, p1, this._corner[2], this._corner[3]);
-         if (this._li.hasIntersection()) { return true }
-         this._li.computeIntersection(p0, p1, this._corner[3], this._corner[0]);
-         if (this._li.hasIntersection()) { return true }
-         return false
-       };
-       HotPixel.prototype.intersectsToleranceSquare = function intersectsToleranceSquare (p0, p1) {
-         var intersectsLeft = false;
-         var intersectsBottom = false;
-         this._li.computeIntersection(p0, p1, this._corner[0], this._corner[1]);
-         if (this._li.isProper()) { return true }
-         this._li.computeIntersection(p0, p1, this._corner[1], this._corner[2]);
-         if (this._li.isProper()) { return true }
-         if (this._li.hasIntersection()) { intersectsLeft = true; }
-         this._li.computeIntersection(p0, p1, this._corner[2], this._corner[3]);
-         if (this._li.isProper()) { return true }
-         if (this._li.hasIntersection()) { intersectsBottom = true; }
-         this._li.computeIntersection(p0, p1, this._corner[3], this._corner[0]);
-         if (this._li.isProper()) { return true }
-         if (intersectsLeft && intersectsBottom) { return true }
-         if (p0.equals(this._pt)) { return true }
-         if (p1.equals(this._pt)) { return true }
-         return false
-       };
-       HotPixel.prototype.addSnappedNode = function addSnappedNode (segStr, segIndex) {
-         var p0 = segStr.getCoordinate(segIndex);
-         var p1 = segStr.getCoordinate(segIndex + 1);
-         if (this.intersects(p0, p1)) {
-           segStr.addIntersection(this.getCoordinate(), segIndex);
-           return true
-         }
-         return false
-       };
-       HotPixel.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       HotPixel.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return HotPixel
-       };
-       staticAccessors$34.SAFE_ENV_EXPANSION_FACTOR.get = function () { return 0.75 };
+       }
 
-       Object.defineProperties( HotPixel, staticAccessors$34 );
+       function bind$1(obj, fn) {
+         return function () {
+           return fn.apply(obj, Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 0));
+         };
+       }
 
-       var MonotoneChainSelectAction = function MonotoneChainSelectAction () {
-         this.tempEnv1 = new Envelope();
-         this.selectedSegment = new LineSegment();
-       };
-       MonotoneChainSelectAction.prototype.select = function select () {
-         if (arguments.length === 1) ; else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var mc = arguments[0];
-           var startIndex = arguments[1];
-           mc.getLineSegment(startIndex, this.selectedSegment);
-           this.select(this.selectedSegment);
-         }
-       };
-       MonotoneChainSelectAction.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       MonotoneChainSelectAction.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return MonotoneChainSelectAction
-       };
+       function slice$1(arr, index) {
+         return Array.prototype.slice.call(arr, index || 0);
+       }
 
-       var MCIndexPointSnapper = function MCIndexPointSnapper () {
-         this._index = null;
-         var index = arguments[0];
-         this._index = index;
-       };
+       function each$7(obj, fn) {
+         pluck$1(obj, function (val, key) {
+           fn(val, key);
+           return false;
+         });
+       }
 
-       var staticAccessors$35 = { HotPixelSnapAction: { configurable: true } };
-       MCIndexPointSnapper.prototype.snap = function snap () {
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var hotPixel = arguments[0];
-           return this.snap(hotPixel, null, -1)
-         } else if (arguments.length === 3) {
-           var hotPixel$1 = arguments[0];
-           var parentEdge = arguments[1];
-           var hotPixelVertexIndex = arguments[2];
-           var pixelEnv = hotPixel$1.getSafeEnvelope();
-           var hotPixelSnapAction = new HotPixelSnapAction(hotPixel$1, parentEdge, hotPixelVertexIndex);
-           this._index.query(pixelEnv, {
-             interfaces_: function () {
-               return [ItemVisitor]
-             },
-             visitItem: function (item) {
-               var testChain = item;
-               testChain.select(pixelEnv, hotPixelSnapAction);
-             }
-           });
-           return hotPixelSnapAction.isNodeAdded()
-         }
-       };
-       MCIndexPointSnapper.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       MCIndexPointSnapper.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return MCIndexPointSnapper
-       };
-       staticAccessors$35.HotPixelSnapAction.get = function () { return HotPixelSnapAction };
-
-       Object.defineProperties( MCIndexPointSnapper, staticAccessors$35 );
-
-       var HotPixelSnapAction = (function (MonotoneChainSelectAction$$1) {
-         function HotPixelSnapAction () {
-           MonotoneChainSelectAction$$1.call(this);
-           this._hotPixel = null;
-           this._parentEdge = null;
-           this._hotPixelVertexIndex = null;
-           this._isNodeAdded = false;
-           var hotPixel = arguments[0];
-           var parentEdge = arguments[1];
-           var hotPixelVertexIndex = arguments[2];
-           this._hotPixel = hotPixel;
-           this._parentEdge = parentEdge;
-           this._hotPixelVertexIndex = hotPixelVertexIndex;
-         }
-
-         if ( MonotoneChainSelectAction$$1 ) HotPixelSnapAction.__proto__ = MonotoneChainSelectAction$$1;
-         HotPixelSnapAction.prototype = Object.create( MonotoneChainSelectAction$$1 && MonotoneChainSelectAction$$1.prototype );
-         HotPixelSnapAction.prototype.constructor = HotPixelSnapAction;
-         HotPixelSnapAction.prototype.isNodeAdded = function isNodeAdded () {
-           return this._isNodeAdded
-         };
-         HotPixelSnapAction.prototype.select = function select () {
-           if (arguments.length === 2) {
-             var mc = arguments[0];
-             var startIndex = arguments[1];
-             var ss = mc.getContext();
-             if (this._parentEdge !== null) {
-               if (ss === this._parentEdge && startIndex === this._hotPixelVertexIndex) { return null }
-             }
-             this._isNodeAdded = this._hotPixel.addSnappedNode(ss, startIndex);
-           } else { return MonotoneChainSelectAction$$1.prototype.select.apply(this, arguments) }
-         };
-         HotPixelSnapAction.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-           return []
-         };
-         HotPixelSnapAction.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-           return HotPixelSnapAction
-         };
-
-         return HotPixelSnapAction;
-       }(MonotoneChainSelectAction));
-
-       var InteriorIntersectionFinderAdder = function InteriorIntersectionFinderAdder () {
-         this._li = null;
-         this._interiorIntersections = null;
-         var li = arguments[0];
-         this._li = li;
-         this._interiorIntersections = new ArrayList();
-       };
-       InteriorIntersectionFinderAdder.prototype.processIntersections = function processIntersections (e0, segIndex0, e1, segIndex1) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+       function map(obj, fn) {
+         var res = isList$1(obj) ? [] : {};
+         pluck$1(obj, function (v, k) {
+           res[k] = fn(v, k);
+           return false;
+         });
+         return res;
+       }
 
-         if (e0 === e1 && segIndex0 === segIndex1) { return null }
-         var p00 = e0.getCoordinates()[segIndex0];
-         var p01 = e0.getCoordinates()[segIndex0 + 1];
-         var p10 = e1.getCoordinates()[segIndex1];
-         var p11 = e1.getCoordinates()[segIndex1 + 1];
-         this._li.computeIntersection(p00, p01, p10, p11);
-         if (this._li.hasIntersection()) {
-           if (this._li.isInteriorIntersection()) {
-             for (var intIndex = 0; intIndex < this._li.getIntersectionNum(); intIndex++) {
-               this$1._interiorIntersections.add(this$1._li.getIntersection(intIndex));
+       function pluck$1(obj, fn) {
+         if (isList$1(obj)) {
+           for (var i = 0; i < obj.length; i++) {
+             if (fn(obj[i], i)) {
+               return obj[i];
              }
-             e0.addIntersections(this._li, segIndex0, 0);
-             e1.addIntersections(this._li, segIndex1, 1);
-           }
-         }
-       };
-       InteriorIntersectionFinderAdder.prototype.isDone = function isDone () {
-         return false
-       };
-       InteriorIntersectionFinderAdder.prototype.getInteriorIntersections = function getInteriorIntersections () {
-         return this._interiorIntersections
-       };
-       InteriorIntersectionFinderAdder.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [SegmentIntersector]
-       };
-       InteriorIntersectionFinderAdder.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return InteriorIntersectionFinderAdder
-       };
-
-       var MCIndexSnapRounder = function MCIndexSnapRounder () {
-         this._pm = null;
-         this._li = null;
-         this._scaleFactor = null;
-         this._noder = null;
-         this._pointSnapper = null;
-         this._nodedSegStrings = null;
-         var pm = arguments[0];
-         this._pm = pm;
-         this._li = new RobustLineIntersector();
-         this._li.setPrecisionModel(pm);
-         this._scaleFactor = pm.getScale();
-       };
-       MCIndexSnapRounder.prototype.checkCorrectness = function checkCorrectness (inputSegmentStrings) {
-         var resultSegStrings = NodedSegmentString.getNodedSubstrings(inputSegmentStrings);
-         var nv = new NodingValidator(resultSegStrings);
-         try {
-           nv.checkValid();
-         } catch (ex) {
-           if (ex instanceof Exception) {
-             ex.printStackTrace();
-           } else { throw ex }
-         } finally {}
-       };
-       MCIndexSnapRounder.prototype.getNodedSubstrings = function getNodedSubstrings () {
-         return NodedSegmentString.getNodedSubstrings(this._nodedSegStrings)
-       };
-       MCIndexSnapRounder.prototype.snapRound = function snapRound (segStrings, li) {
-         var intersections = this.findInteriorIntersections(segStrings, li);
-         this.computeIntersectionSnaps(intersections);
-         this.computeVertexSnaps(segStrings);
-       };
-       MCIndexSnapRounder.prototype.findInteriorIntersections = function findInteriorIntersections (segStrings, li) {
-         var intFinderAdder = new InteriorIntersectionFinderAdder(li);
-         this._noder.setSegmentIntersector(intFinderAdder);
-         this._noder.computeNodes(segStrings);
-         return intFinderAdder.getInteriorIntersections()
-       };
-       MCIndexSnapRounder.prototype.computeVertexSnaps = function computeVertexSnaps () {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-         if (hasInterface(arguments[0], Collection)) {
-           var edges = arguments[0];
-           for (var i0 = edges.iterator(); i0.hasNext();) {
-             var edge0 = i0.next();
-             this$1.computeVertexSnaps(edge0);
            }
-         } else if (arguments[0] instanceof NodedSegmentString) {
-           var e = arguments[0];
-           var pts0 = e.getCoordinates();
-           for (var i = 0; i < pts0.length; i++) {
-             var hotPixel = new HotPixel(pts0[i], this$1._scaleFactor, this$1._li);
-             var isNodeAdded = this$1._pointSnapper.snap(hotPixel, e, i);
-             if (isNodeAdded) {
-               e.addIntersection(pts0[i], i);
+         } else {
+           for (var key in obj) {
+             if (obj.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
+               if (fn(obj[key], key)) {
+                 return obj[key];
+               }
              }
            }
          }
-       };
-       MCIndexSnapRounder.prototype.computeNodes = function computeNodes (inputSegmentStrings) {
-         this._nodedSegStrings = inputSegmentStrings;
-         this._noder = new MCIndexNoder();
-         this._pointSnapper = new MCIndexPointSnapper(this._noder.getIndex());
-         this.snapRound(inputSegmentStrings, this._li);
-       };
-       MCIndexSnapRounder.prototype.computeIntersectionSnaps = function computeIntersectionSnaps (snapPts) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+       }
 
-         for (var it = snapPts.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
-           var snapPt = it.next();
-           var hotPixel = new HotPixel(snapPt, this$1._scaleFactor, this$1._li);
-           this$1._pointSnapper.snap(hotPixel);
-         }
-       };
-       MCIndexSnapRounder.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [Noder]
-       };
-       MCIndexSnapRounder.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return MCIndexSnapRounder
-       };
+       function isList$1(val) {
+         return val != null && typeof val != 'function' && typeof val.length == 'number';
+       }
 
-       var BufferOp = function BufferOp () {
-         this._argGeom = null;
-         this._distance = null;
-         this._bufParams = new BufferParameters();
-         this._resultGeometry = null;
-         this._saveException = null;
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var g = arguments[0];
-           this._argGeom = g;
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var g$1 = arguments[0];
-           var bufParams = arguments[1];
-           this._argGeom = g$1;
-           this._bufParams = bufParams;
-         }
-       };
+       function isFunction$1(val) {
+         return val && {}.toString.call(val) === '[object Function]';
+       }
 
-       var staticAccessors$32 = { CAP_ROUND: { configurable: true },CAP_BUTT: { configurable: true },CAP_FLAT: { configurable: true },CAP_SQUARE: { configurable: true },MAX_PRECISION_DIGITS: { configurable: true } };
-       BufferOp.prototype.bufferFixedPrecision = function bufferFixedPrecision (fixedPM) {
-         var noder = new ScaledNoder(new MCIndexSnapRounder(new PrecisionModel(1.0)), fixedPM.getScale());
-         var bufBuilder = new BufferBuilder(this._bufParams);
-         bufBuilder.setWorkingPrecisionModel(fixedPM);
-         bufBuilder.setNoder(noder);
-         this._resultGeometry = bufBuilder.buffer(this._argGeom, this._distance);
-       };
-       BufferOp.prototype.bufferReducedPrecision = function bufferReducedPrecision () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+       function isObject$1(val) {
+         return val && {}.toString.call(val) === '[object Object]';
+       }
 
-         if (arguments.length === 0) {
-           for (var precDigits = BufferOp.MAX_PRECISION_DIGITS; precDigits >= 0; precDigits--) {
-             try {
-               this$1.bufferReducedPrecision(precDigits);
-             } catch (ex) {
-               if (ex instanceof TopologyException) {
-                 this$1._saveException = ex;
-               } else { throw ex }
-             } finally {}
-             if (this$1._resultGeometry !== null) { return null }
-           }
-           throw this._saveException
-         } else if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var precisionDigits = arguments[0];
-           var sizeBasedScaleFactor = BufferOp.precisionScaleFactor(this._argGeom, this._distance, precisionDigits);
-           var fixedPM = new PrecisionModel(sizeBasedScaleFactor);
-           this.bufferFixedPrecision(fixedPM);
-         }
-       };
-       BufferOp.prototype.computeGeometry = function computeGeometry () {
-         this.bufferOriginalPrecision();
-         if (this._resultGeometry !== null) { return null }
-         var argPM = this._argGeom.getFactory().getPrecisionModel();
-         if (argPM.getType() === PrecisionModel.FIXED) { this.bufferFixedPrecision(argPM); } else { this.bufferReducedPrecision(); }
-       };
-       BufferOp.prototype.setQuadrantSegments = function setQuadrantSegments (quadrantSegments) {
-         this._bufParams.setQuadrantSegments(quadrantSegments);
-       };
-       BufferOp.prototype.bufferOriginalPrecision = function bufferOriginalPrecision () {
-         try {
-           var bufBuilder = new BufferBuilder(this._bufParams);
-           this._resultGeometry = bufBuilder.buffer(this._argGeom, this._distance);
-         } catch (ex) {
-           if (ex instanceof RuntimeException) {
-             this._saveException = ex;
-           } else { throw ex }
-         } finally {}
-       };
-       BufferOp.prototype.getResultGeometry = function getResultGeometry (distance) {
-         this._distance = distance;
-         this.computeGeometry();
-         return this._resultGeometry
-       };
-       BufferOp.prototype.setEndCapStyle = function setEndCapStyle (endCapStyle) {
-         this._bufParams.setEndCapStyle(endCapStyle);
-       };
-       BufferOp.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       BufferOp.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return BufferOp
-       };
-       BufferOp.bufferOp = function bufferOp () {
-         if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var g = arguments[0];
-           var distance = arguments[1];
-           var gBuf = new BufferOp(g);
-           var geomBuf = gBuf.getResultGeometry(distance);
-           return geomBuf
-         } else if (arguments.length === 3) {
-           if (Number.isInteger(arguments[2]) && (arguments[0] instanceof Geometry && typeof arguments[1] === 'number')) {
-             var g$1 = arguments[0];
-             var distance$1 = arguments[1];
-             var quadrantSegments = arguments[2];
-             var bufOp = new BufferOp(g$1);
-             bufOp.setQuadrantSegments(quadrantSegments);
-             var geomBuf$1 = bufOp.getResultGeometry(distance$1);
-             return geomBuf$1
-           } else if (arguments[2] instanceof BufferParameters && (arguments[0] instanceof Geometry && typeof arguments[1] === 'number')) {
-             var g$2 = arguments[0];
-             var distance$2 = arguments[1];
-             var params = arguments[2];
-             var bufOp$1 = new BufferOp(g$2, params);
-             var geomBuf$2 = bufOp$1.getResultGeometry(distance$2);
-             return geomBuf$2
-           }
-         } else if (arguments.length === 4) {
-           var g$3 = arguments[0];
-           var distance$3 = arguments[1];
-           var quadrantSegments$1 = arguments[2];
-           var endCapStyle = arguments[3];
-           var bufOp$2 = new BufferOp(g$3);
-           bufOp$2.setQuadrantSegments(quadrantSegments$1);
-           bufOp$2.setEndCapStyle(endCapStyle);
-           var geomBuf$3 = bufOp$2.getResultGeometry(distance$3);
-           return geomBuf$3
-         }
-       };
-       BufferOp.precisionScaleFactor = function precisionScaleFactor (g, distance, maxPrecisionDigits) {
-         var env = g.getEnvelopeInternal();
-         var envMax = MathUtil.max(Math.abs(env.getMaxX()), Math.abs(env.getMaxY()), Math.abs(env.getMinX()), Math.abs(env.getMinY()));
-         var expandByDistance = distance > 0.0 ? distance : 0.0;
-         var bufEnvMax = envMax + 2 * expandByDistance;
-         var bufEnvPrecisionDigits = Math.trunc(Math.log(bufEnvMax) / Math.log(10) + 1.0);
-         var minUnitLog10 = maxPrecisionDigits - bufEnvPrecisionDigits;
-         var scaleFactor = Math.pow(10.0, minUnitLog10);
-         return scaleFactor
-       };
-       staticAccessors$32.CAP_ROUND.get = function () { return BufferParameters.CAP_ROUND };
-       staticAccessors$32.CAP_BUTT.get = function () { return BufferParameters.CAP_FLAT };
-       staticAccessors$32.CAP_FLAT.get = function () { return BufferParameters.CAP_FLAT };
-       staticAccessors$32.CAP_SQUARE.get = function () { return BufferParameters.CAP_SQUARE };
-       staticAccessors$32.MAX_PRECISION_DIGITS.get = function () { return 12 };
-
-       Object.defineProperties( BufferOp, staticAccessors$32 );
-
-       var PointPairDistance = function PointPairDistance () {
-         this._pt = [new Coordinate(), new Coordinate()];
-         this._distance = Double.NaN;
-         this._isNull = true;
-       };
-       PointPairDistance.prototype.getCoordinates = function getCoordinates () {
-         return this._pt
-       };
-       PointPairDistance.prototype.getCoordinate = function getCoordinate (i) {
-         return this._pt[i]
-       };
-       PointPairDistance.prototype.setMinimum = function setMinimum () {
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var ptDist = arguments[0];
-           this.setMinimum(ptDist._pt[0], ptDist._pt[1]);
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var p0 = arguments[0];
-           var p1 = arguments[1];
-           if (this._isNull) {
-             this.initialize(p0, p1);
-             return null
-           }
-           var dist = p0.distance(p1);
-           if (dist < this._distance) { this.initialize(p0, p1, dist); }
-         }
-       };
-       PointPairDistance.prototype.initialize = function initialize () {
-         if (arguments.length === 0) {
-           this._isNull = true;
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var p0 = arguments[0];
-           var p1 = arguments[1];
-           this._pt[0].setCoordinate(p0);
-           this._pt[1].setCoordinate(p1);
-           this._distance = p0.distance(p1);
-           this._isNull = false;
-         } else if (arguments.length === 3) {
-           var p0$1 = arguments[0];
-           var p1$1 = arguments[1];
-           var distance = arguments[2];
-           this._pt[0].setCoordinate(p0$1);
-           this._pt[1].setCoordinate(p1$1);
-           this._distance = distance;
-           this._isNull = false;
-         }
-       };
-       PointPairDistance.prototype.getDistance = function getDistance () {
-         return this._distance
+       var slice = util.slice;
+       var pluck = util.pluck;
+       var each$6 = util.each;
+       var bind = util.bind;
+       var create = util.create;
+       var isList = util.isList;
+       var isFunction = util.isFunction;
+       var isObject = util.isObject;
+       var storeEngine = {
+         createStore: _createStore
        };
-       PointPairDistance.prototype.setMaximum = function setMaximum () {
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var ptDist = arguments[0];
-           this.setMaximum(ptDist._pt[0], ptDist._pt[1]);
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var p0 = arguments[0];
-           var p1 = arguments[1];
-           if (this._isNull) {
-             this.initialize(p0, p1);
-             return null
-           }
-           var dist = p0.distance(p1);
-           if (dist > this._distance) { this.initialize(p0, p1, dist); }
+       var storeAPI = {
+         version: '2.0.12',
+         enabled: false,
+         // get returns the value of the given key. If that value
+         // is undefined, it returns optionalDefaultValue instead.
+         get: function get(key, optionalDefaultValue) {
+           var data = this.storage.read(this._namespacePrefix + key);
+           return this._deserialize(data, optionalDefaultValue);
+         },
+         // set will store the given value at key and returns value.
+         // Calling set with value === undefined is equivalent to calling remove.
+         set: function set(key, value) {
+           if (value === undefined) {
+             return this.remove(key);
+           }
+
+           this.storage.write(this._namespacePrefix + key, this._serialize(value));
+           return value;
+         },
+         // remove deletes the key and value stored at the given key.
+         remove: function remove(key) {
+           this.storage.remove(this._namespacePrefix + key);
+         },
+         // each will call the given callback once for each key-value pair
+         // in this store.
+         each: function each(callback) {
+           var self = this;
+           this.storage.each(function (val, namespacedKey) {
+             callback.call(self, self._deserialize(val), (namespacedKey || '').replace(self._namespaceRegexp, ''));
+           });
+         },
+         // clearAll will remove all the stored key-value pairs in this store.
+         clearAll: function clearAll() {
+           this.storage.clearAll();
+         },
+         // additional functionality that can't live in plugins
+         // ---------------------------------------------------
+         // hasNamespace returns true if this store instance has the given namespace.
+         hasNamespace: function hasNamespace(namespace) {
+           return this._namespacePrefix == '__storejs_' + namespace + '_';
+         },
+         // createStore creates a store.js instance with the first
+         // functioning storage in the list of storage candidates,
+         // and applies the the given mixins to the instance.
+         createStore: function createStore() {
+           return _createStore.apply(this, arguments);
+         },
+         addPlugin: function addPlugin(plugin) {
+           this._addPlugin(plugin);
+         },
+         namespace: function namespace(_namespace) {
+           return _createStore(this.storage, this.plugins, _namespace);
          }
        };
-       PointPairDistance.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       PointPairDistance.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return PointPairDistance
-       };
 
-       var DistanceToPointFinder = function DistanceToPointFinder () {};
+       function _warn() {
+         var _console = typeof console == 'undefined' ? null : console;
 
-       DistanceToPointFinder.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       DistanceToPointFinder.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return DistanceToPointFinder
-       };
-       DistanceToPointFinder.computeDistance = function computeDistance () {
-         if (arguments[2] instanceof PointPairDistance && (arguments[0] instanceof LineString && arguments[1] instanceof Coordinate)) {
-           var line = arguments[0];
-           var pt = arguments[1];
-           var ptDist = arguments[2];
-           var coords = line.getCoordinates();
-           var tempSegment = new LineSegment();
-           for (var i = 0; i < coords.length - 1; i++) {
-             tempSegment.setCoordinates(coords[i], coords[i + 1]);
-             var closestPt = tempSegment.closestPoint(pt);
-             ptDist.setMinimum(closestPt, pt);
-           }
-         } else if (arguments[2] instanceof PointPairDistance && (arguments[0] instanceof Polygon && arguments[1] instanceof Coordinate)) {
-           var poly = arguments[0];
-           var pt$1 = arguments[1];
-           var ptDist$1 = arguments[2];
-           DistanceToPointFinder.computeDistance(poly.getExteriorRing(), pt$1, ptDist$1);
-           for (var i$1 = 0; i$1 < poly.getNumInteriorRing(); i$1++) {
-             DistanceToPointFinder.computeDistance(poly.getInteriorRingN(i$1), pt$1, ptDist$1);
-           }
-         } else if (arguments[2] instanceof PointPairDistance && (arguments[0] instanceof Geometry && arguments[1] instanceof Coordinate)) {
-           var geom = arguments[0];
-           var pt$2 = arguments[1];
-           var ptDist$2 = arguments[2];
-           if (geom instanceof LineString) {
-             DistanceToPointFinder.computeDistance(geom, pt$2, ptDist$2);
-           } else if (geom instanceof Polygon) {
-             DistanceToPointFinder.computeDistance(geom, pt$2, ptDist$2);
-           } else if (geom instanceof GeometryCollection) {
-             var gc = geom;
-             for (var i$2 = 0; i$2 < gc.getNumGeometries(); i$2++) {
-               var g = gc.getGeometryN(i$2);
-               DistanceToPointFinder.computeDistance(g, pt$2, ptDist$2);
-             }
-           } else {
-             ptDist$2.setMinimum(geom.getCoordinate(), pt$2);
-           }
-         } else if (arguments[2] instanceof PointPairDistance && (arguments[0] instanceof LineSegment && arguments[1] instanceof Coordinate)) {
-           var segment = arguments[0];
-           var pt$3 = arguments[1];
-           var ptDist$3 = arguments[2];
-           var closestPt$1 = segment.closestPoint(pt$3);
-           ptDist$3.setMinimum(closestPt$1, pt$3);
+         if (!_console) {
+           return;
          }
-       };
 
-       var BufferCurveMaximumDistanceFinder = function BufferCurveMaximumDistanceFinder (inputGeom) {
-         this._maxPtDist = new PointPairDistance();
-         this._inputGeom = inputGeom || null;
-       };
+         var fn = _console.warn ? _console.warn : _console.log;
+         fn.apply(_console, arguments);
+       }
 
-       var staticAccessors$36 = { MaxPointDistanceFilter: { configurable: true },MaxMidpointDistanceFilter: { configurable: true } };
-       BufferCurveMaximumDistanceFinder.prototype.computeMaxMidpointDistance = function computeMaxMidpointDistance (curve) {
-         var distFilter = new MaxMidpointDistanceFilter(this._inputGeom);
-         curve.apply(distFilter);
-         this._maxPtDist.setMaximum(distFilter.getMaxPointDistance());
-       };
-       BufferCurveMaximumDistanceFinder.prototype.computeMaxVertexDistance = function computeMaxVertexDistance (curve) {
-         var distFilter = new MaxPointDistanceFilter(this._inputGeom);
-         curve.apply(distFilter);
-         this._maxPtDist.setMaximum(distFilter.getMaxPointDistance());
-       };
-       BufferCurveMaximumDistanceFinder.prototype.findDistance = function findDistance (bufferCurve) {
-         this.computeMaxVertexDistance(bufferCurve);
-         this.computeMaxMidpointDistance(bufferCurve);
-         return this._maxPtDist.getDistance()
-       };
-       BufferCurveMaximumDistanceFinder.prototype.getDistancePoints = function getDistancePoints () {
-         return this._maxPtDist
-       };
-       BufferCurveMaximumDistanceFinder.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       BufferCurveMaximumDistanceFinder.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return BufferCurveMaximumDistanceFinder
-       };
-       staticAccessors$36.MaxPointDistanceFilter.get = function () { return MaxPointDistanceFilter };
-       staticAccessors$36.MaxMidpointDistanceFilter.get = function () { return MaxMidpointDistanceFilter };
+       function _createStore(storages, plugins, namespace) {
+         if (!namespace) {
+           namespace = '';
+         }
 
-       Object.defineProperties( BufferCurveMaximumDistanceFinder, staticAccessors$36 );
+         if (storages && !isList(storages)) {
+           storages = [storages];
+         }
 
-       var MaxPointDistanceFilter = function MaxPointDistanceFilter (geom) {
-         this._maxPtDist = new PointPairDistance();
-         this._minPtDist = new PointPairDistance();
-         this._geom = geom || null;
-       };
-       MaxPointDistanceFilter.prototype.filter = function filter (pt) {
-         this._minPtDist.initialize();
-         DistanceToPointFinder.computeDistance(this._geom, pt, this._minPtDist);
-         this._maxPtDist.setMaximum(this._minPtDist);
-       };
-       MaxPointDistanceFilter.prototype.getMaxPointDistance = function getMaxPointDistance () {
-         return this._maxPtDist
-       };
-       MaxPointDistanceFilter.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [CoordinateFilter]
-       };
-       MaxPointDistanceFilter.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return MaxPointDistanceFilter
-       };
+         if (plugins && !isList(plugins)) {
+           plugins = [plugins];
+         }
 
-       var MaxMidpointDistanceFilter = function MaxMidpointDistanceFilter (geom) {
-         this._maxPtDist = new PointPairDistance();
-         this._minPtDist = new PointPairDistance();
-         this._geom = geom || null;
-       };
-       MaxMidpointDistanceFilter.prototype.filter = function filter (seq, index) {
-         if (index === 0) { return null }
-         var p0 = seq.getCoordinate(index - 1);
-         var p1 = seq.getCoordinate(index);
-         var midPt = new Coordinate((p0.x + p1.x) / 2, (p0.y + p1.y) / 2);
-         this._minPtDist.initialize();
-         DistanceToPointFinder.computeDistance(this._geom, midPt, this._minPtDist);
-         this._maxPtDist.setMaximum(this._minPtDist);
-       };
-       MaxMidpointDistanceFilter.prototype.isDone = function isDone () {
-         return false
-       };
-       MaxMidpointDistanceFilter.prototype.isGeometryChanged = function isGeometryChanged () {
-         return false
-       };
-       MaxMidpointDistanceFilter.prototype.getMaxPointDistance = function getMaxPointDistance () {
-         return this._maxPtDist
-       };
-       MaxMidpointDistanceFilter.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [CoordinateSequenceFilter]
-       };
-       MaxMidpointDistanceFilter.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return MaxMidpointDistanceFilter
-       };
+         var namespacePrefix = namespace ? '__storejs_' + namespace + '_' : '';
+         var namespaceRegexp = namespace ? new RegExp('^' + namespacePrefix) : null;
+         var legalNamespaces = /^[a-zA-Z0-9_\-]*$/; // alpha-numeric + underscore and dash
 
-       var PolygonExtracter = function PolygonExtracter (comps) {
-         this._comps = comps || null;
-       };
-       PolygonExtracter.prototype.filter = function filter (geom) {
-         if (geom instanceof Polygon) { this._comps.add(geom); }
-       };
-       PolygonExtracter.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [GeometryFilter]
-       };
-       PolygonExtracter.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return PolygonExtracter
-       };
-       PolygonExtracter.getPolygons = function getPolygons () {
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var geom = arguments[0];
-           return PolygonExtracter.getPolygons(geom, new ArrayList())
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var geom$1 = arguments[0];
-           var list = arguments[1];
-           if (geom$1 instanceof Polygon) {
-             list.add(geom$1);
-           } else if (geom$1 instanceof GeometryCollection) {
-             geom$1.apply(new PolygonExtracter(list));
-           }
-           return list
+         if (!legalNamespaces.test(namespace)) {
+           throw new Error('store.js namespaces can only have alphanumerics + underscores and dashes');
          }
-       };
 
-       var LinearComponentExtracter = function LinearComponentExtracter () {
-         this._lines = null;
-         this._isForcedToLineString = false;
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var lines = arguments[0];
-           this._lines = lines;
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var lines$1 = arguments[0];
-           var isForcedToLineString = arguments[1];
-           this._lines = lines$1;
-           this._isForcedToLineString = isForcedToLineString;
-         }
-       };
-       LinearComponentExtracter.prototype.filter = function filter (geom) {
-         if (this._isForcedToLineString && geom instanceof LinearRing) {
-           var line = geom.getFactory().createLineString(geom.getCoordinateSequence());
-           this._lines.add(line);
-           return null
-         }
-         if (geom instanceof LineString) { this._lines.add(geom); }
-       };
-       LinearComponentExtracter.prototype.setForceToLineString = function setForceToLineString (isForcedToLineString) {
-         this._isForcedToLineString = isForcedToLineString;
-       };
-       LinearComponentExtracter.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [GeometryComponentFilter]
-       };
-       LinearComponentExtracter.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return LinearComponentExtracter
-       };
-       LinearComponentExtracter.getGeometry = function getGeometry () {
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var geom = arguments[0];
-           return geom.getFactory().buildGeometry(LinearComponentExtracter.getLines(geom))
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var geom$1 = arguments[0];
-           var forceToLineString = arguments[1];
-           return geom$1.getFactory().buildGeometry(LinearComponentExtracter.getLines(geom$1, forceToLineString))
-         }
-       };
-       LinearComponentExtracter.getLines = function getLines () {
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var geom = arguments[0];
-           return LinearComponentExtracter.getLines(geom, false)
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           if (hasInterface(arguments[0], Collection) && hasInterface(arguments[1], Collection)) {
-             var geoms = arguments[0];
-             var lines$1 = arguments[1];
-             for (var i = geoms.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
-               var g = i.next();
-               LinearComponentExtracter.getLines(g, lines$1);
-             }
-             return lines$1
-           } else if (arguments[0] instanceof Geometry && typeof arguments[1] === 'boolean') {
-             var geom$1 = arguments[0];
-             var forceToLineString = arguments[1];
-             var lines = new ArrayList();
-             geom$1.apply(new LinearComponentExtracter(lines, forceToLineString));
-             return lines
-           } else if (arguments[0] instanceof Geometry && hasInterface(arguments[1], Collection)) {
-             var geom$2 = arguments[0];
-             var lines$2 = arguments[1];
-             if (geom$2 instanceof LineString) {
-               lines$2.add(geom$2);
-             } else {
-               geom$2.apply(new LinearComponentExtracter(lines$2));
-             }
-             return lines$2
-           }
-         } else if (arguments.length === 3) {
-           if (typeof arguments[2] === 'boolean' && (hasInterface(arguments[0], Collection) && hasInterface(arguments[1], Collection))) {
-             var geoms$1 = arguments[0];
-             var lines$3 = arguments[1];
-             var forceToLineString$1 = arguments[2];
-             for (var i$1 = geoms$1.iterator(); i$1.hasNext();) {
-               var g$1 = i$1.next();
-               LinearComponentExtracter.getLines(g$1, lines$3, forceToLineString$1);
+         var _privateStoreProps = {
+           _namespacePrefix: namespacePrefix,
+           _namespaceRegexp: namespaceRegexp,
+           _testStorage: function _testStorage(storage) {
+             try {
+               var testStr = '__storejs__test__';
+               storage.write(testStr, testStr);
+               var ok = storage.read(testStr) === testStr;
+               storage.remove(testStr);
+               return ok;
+             } catch (e) {
+               return false;
              }
-             return lines$3
-           } else if (typeof arguments[2] === 'boolean' && (arguments[0] instanceof Geometry && hasInterface(arguments[1], Collection))) {
-             var geom$3 = arguments[0];
-             var lines$4 = arguments[1];
-             var forceToLineString$2 = arguments[2];
-             geom$3.apply(new LinearComponentExtracter(lines$4, forceToLineString$2));
-             return lines$4
-           }
-         }
-       };
+           },
+           _assignPluginFnProp: function _assignPluginFnProp(pluginFnProp, propName) {
+             var oldFn = this[propName];
 
-       var PointLocator = function PointLocator () {
-         this._boundaryRule = BoundaryNodeRule.OGC_SFS_BOUNDARY_RULE;
-         this._isIn = null;
-         this._numBoundaries = null;
-         if (arguments.length === 0) ; else if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var boundaryRule = arguments[0];
-           if (boundaryRule === null) { throw new IllegalArgumentException('Rule must be non-null') }
-           this._boundaryRule = boundaryRule;
-         }
-       };
-       PointLocator.prototype.locateInternal = function locateInternal () {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-         if (arguments[0] instanceof Coordinate && arguments[1] instanceof Polygon) {
-           var p = arguments[0];
-           var poly = arguments[1];
-           if (poly.isEmpty()) { return Location.EXTERIOR }
-           var shell = poly.getExteriorRing();
-           var shellLoc = this.locateInPolygonRing(p, shell);
-           if (shellLoc === Location.EXTERIOR) { return Location.EXTERIOR }
-           if (shellLoc === Location.BOUNDARY) { return Location.BOUNDARY }
-           for (var i = 0; i < poly.getNumInteriorRing(); i++) {
-             var hole = poly.getInteriorRingN(i);
-             var holeLoc = this$1.locateInPolygonRing(p, hole);
-             if (holeLoc === Location.INTERIOR) { return Location.EXTERIOR }
-             if (holeLoc === Location.BOUNDARY) { return Location.BOUNDARY }
-           }
-           return Location.INTERIOR
-         } else if (arguments[0] instanceof Coordinate && arguments[1] instanceof LineString) {
-           var p$1 = arguments[0];
-           var l = arguments[1];
-           if (!l.getEnvelopeInternal().intersects(p$1)) { return Location.EXTERIOR }
-           var pt = l.getCoordinates();
-           if (!l.isClosed()) {
-             if (p$1.equals(pt[0]) || p$1.equals(pt[pt.length - 1])) {
-               return Location.BOUNDARY
-             }
-           }
-           if (CGAlgorithms.isOnLine(p$1, pt)) { return Location.INTERIOR }
-           return Location.EXTERIOR
-         } else if (arguments[0] instanceof Coordinate && arguments[1] instanceof Point$1) {
-           var p$2 = arguments[0];
-           var pt$1 = arguments[1];
-           var ptCoord = pt$1.getCoordinate();
-           if (ptCoord.equals2D(p$2)) { return Location.INTERIOR }
-           return Location.EXTERIOR
-         }
-       };
-       PointLocator.prototype.locateInPolygonRing = function locateInPolygonRing (p, ring) {
-         if (!ring.getEnvelopeInternal().intersects(p)) { return Location.EXTERIOR }
-         return CGAlgorithms.locatePointInRing(p, ring.getCoordinates())
-       };
-       PointLocator.prototype.intersects = function intersects (p, geom) {
-         return this.locate(p, geom) !== Location.EXTERIOR
-       };
-       PointLocator.prototype.updateLocationInfo = function updateLocationInfo (loc) {
-         if (loc === Location.INTERIOR) { this._isIn = true; }
-         if (loc === Location.BOUNDARY) { this._numBoundaries++; }
-       };
-       PointLocator.prototype.computeLocation = function computeLocation (p, geom) {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-         if (geom instanceof Point$1) {
-           this.updateLocationInfo(this.locateInternal(p, geom));
-         }
-         if (geom instanceof LineString) {
-           this.updateLocationInfo(this.locateInternal(p, geom));
-         } else if (geom instanceof Polygon) {
-           this.updateLocationInfo(this.locateInternal(p, geom));
-         } else if (geom instanceof MultiLineString) {
-           var ml = geom;
-           for (var i = 0; i < ml.getNumGeometries(); i++) {
-             var l = ml.getGeometryN(i);
-             this$1.updateLocationInfo(this$1.locateInternal(p, l));
-           }
-         } else if (geom instanceof MultiPolygon) {
-           var mpoly = geom;
-           for (var i$1 = 0; i$1 < mpoly.getNumGeometries(); i$1++) {
-             var poly = mpoly.getGeometryN(i$1);
-             this$1.updateLocationInfo(this$1.locateInternal(p, poly));
-           }
-         } else if (geom instanceof GeometryCollection) {
-           var geomi = new GeometryCollectionIterator(geom);
-           while (geomi.hasNext()) {
-             var g2 = geomi.next();
-             if (g2 !== geom) { this$1.computeLocation(p, g2); }
-           }
-         }
-       };
-       PointLocator.prototype.locate = function locate (p, geom) {
-         if (geom.isEmpty()) { return Location.EXTERIOR }
-         if (geom instanceof LineString) {
-           return this.locateInternal(p, geom)
-         } else if (geom instanceof Polygon) {
-           return this.locateInternal(p, geom)
-         }
-         this._isIn = false;
-         this._numBoundaries = 0;
-         this.computeLocation(p, geom);
-         if (this._boundaryRule.isInBoundary(this._numBoundaries)) { return Location.BOUNDARY }
-         if (this._numBoundaries > 0 || this._isIn) { return Location.INTERIOR }
-         return Location.EXTERIOR
-       };
-       PointLocator.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       PointLocator.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return PointLocator
-       };
+             this[propName] = function pluginFn() {
+               var args = slice(arguments, 0);
+               var self = this; // super_fn calls the old function which was overwritten by
+               // this mixin.
 
-       var GeometryLocation = function GeometryLocation () {
-         this._component = null;
-         this._segIndex = null;
-         this._pt = null;
-         if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var component = arguments[0];
-           var pt = arguments[1];
-           GeometryLocation.call(this, component, GeometryLocation.INSIDE_AREA, pt);
-         } else if (arguments.length === 3) {
-           var component$1 = arguments[0];
-           var segIndex = arguments[1];
-           var pt$1 = arguments[2];
-           this._component = component$1;
-           this._segIndex = segIndex;
-           this._pt = pt$1;
-         }
-       };
+               function super_fn() {
+                 if (!oldFn) {
+                   return;
+                 }
 
-       var staticAccessors$38 = { INSIDE_AREA: { configurable: true } };
-       GeometryLocation.prototype.isInsideArea = function isInsideArea () {
-         return this._segIndex === GeometryLocation.INSIDE_AREA
-       };
-       GeometryLocation.prototype.getCoordinate = function getCoordinate () {
-         return this._pt
-       };
-       GeometryLocation.prototype.getGeometryComponent = function getGeometryComponent () {
-         return this._component
-       };
-       GeometryLocation.prototype.getSegmentIndex = function getSegmentIndex () {
-         return this._segIndex
-       };
-       GeometryLocation.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       GeometryLocation.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return GeometryLocation
-       };
-       staticAccessors$38.INSIDE_AREA.get = function () { return -1 };
+                 each$6(arguments, function (arg, i) {
+                   args[i] = arg;
+                 });
+                 return oldFn.apply(self, args);
+               } // Give mixing function access to super_fn by prefixing all mixin function
+               // arguments with super_fn.
 
-       Object.defineProperties( GeometryLocation, staticAccessors$38 );
 
-       var PointExtracter = function PointExtracter (pts) {
-         this._pts = pts || null;
-       };
-       PointExtracter.prototype.filter = function filter (geom) {
-         if (geom instanceof Point$1) { this._pts.add(geom); }
-       };
-       PointExtracter.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [GeometryFilter]
-       };
-       PointExtracter.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return PointExtracter
-       };
-       PointExtracter.getPoints = function getPoints () {
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var geom = arguments[0];
-           if (geom instanceof Point$1) {
-             return Collections.singletonList(geom)
-           }
-           return PointExtracter.getPoints(geom, new ArrayList())
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var geom$1 = arguments[0];
-           var list = arguments[1];
-           if (geom$1 instanceof Point$1) {
-             list.add(geom$1);
-           } else if (geom$1 instanceof GeometryCollection) {
-             geom$1.apply(new PointExtracter(list));
-           }
-           return list
-         }
-       };
+               var newFnArgs = [super_fn].concat(args);
+               return pluginFnProp.apply(self, newFnArgs);
+             };
+           },
+           _serialize: function _serialize(obj) {
+             return JSON.stringify(obj);
+           },
+           _deserialize: function _deserialize(strVal, defaultVal) {
+             if (!strVal) {
+               return defaultVal;
+             } // It is possible that a raw string value has been previously stored
+             // in a storage without using store.js, meaning it will be a raw
+             // string value instead of a JSON serialized string. By defaulting
+             // to the raw string value in case of a JSON parse error, we allow
+             // for past stored values to be forwards-compatible with store.js
 
-       var ConnectedElementLocationFilter = function ConnectedElementLocationFilter () {
-         this._locations = null;
-         var locations = arguments[0];
-         this._locations = locations;
-       };
-       ConnectedElementLocationFilter.prototype.filter = function filter (geom) {
-         if (geom instanceof Point$1 || geom instanceof LineString || geom instanceof Polygon) { this._locations.add(new GeometryLocation(geom, 0, geom.getCoordinate())); }
-       };
-       ConnectedElementLocationFilter.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [GeometryFilter]
-       };
-       ConnectedElementLocationFilter.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return ConnectedElementLocationFilter
-       };
-       ConnectedElementLocationFilter.getLocations = function getLocations (geom) {
-         var locations = new ArrayList();
-         geom.apply(new ConnectedElementLocationFilter(locations));
-         return locations
-       };
 
-       var DistanceOp = function DistanceOp () {
-         this._geom = null;
-         this._terminateDistance = 0.0;
-         this._ptLocator = new PointLocator();
-         this._minDistanceLocation = null;
-         this._minDistance = Double.MAX_VALUE;
-         if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var g0 = arguments[0];
-           var g1 = arguments[1];
-           this._geom = [g0, g1];
-           this._terminateDistance = 0.0;
-         } else if (arguments.length === 3) {
-           var g0$1 = arguments[0];
-           var g1$1 = arguments[1];
-           var terminateDistance = arguments[2];
-           this._geom = new Array(2).fill(null);
-           this._geom[0] = g0$1;
-           this._geom[1] = g1$1;
-           this._terminateDistance = terminateDistance;
-         }
-       };
-       DistanceOp.prototype.computeContainmentDistance = function computeContainmentDistance () {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-         if (arguments.length === 0) {
-           var locPtPoly = new Array(2).fill(null);
-           this.computeContainmentDistance(0, locPtPoly);
-           if (this._minDistance <= this._terminateDistance) { return null }
-           this.computeContainmentDistance(1, locPtPoly);
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var polyGeomIndex = arguments[0];
-           var locPtPoly$1 = arguments[1];
-           var locationsIndex = 1 - polyGeomIndex;
-           var polys = PolygonExtracter.getPolygons(this._geom[polyGeomIndex]);
-           if (polys.size() > 0) {
-             var insideLocs = ConnectedElementLocationFilter.getLocations(this._geom[locationsIndex]);
-             this.computeContainmentDistance(insideLocs, polys, locPtPoly$1);
-             if (this._minDistance <= this._terminateDistance) {
-               this._minDistanceLocation[locationsIndex] = locPtPoly$1[0];
-               this._minDistanceLocation[polyGeomIndex] = locPtPoly$1[1];
-               return null
-             }
-           }
-         } else if (arguments.length === 3) {
-           if (arguments[2] instanceof Array && (hasInterface(arguments[0], List) && hasInterface(arguments[1], List))) {
-             var locs = arguments[0];
-             var polys$1 = arguments[1];
-             var locPtPoly$2 = arguments[2];
-             for (var i = 0; i < locs.size(); i++) {
-               var loc = locs.get(i);
-               for (var j = 0; j < polys$1.size(); j++) {
-                 this$1.computeContainmentDistance(loc, polys$1.get(j), locPtPoly$2);
-                 if (this$1._minDistance <= this$1._terminateDistance) { return null }
-               }
-             }
-           } else if (arguments[2] instanceof Array && (arguments[0] instanceof GeometryLocation && arguments[1] instanceof Polygon)) {
-             var ptLoc = arguments[0];
-             var poly = arguments[1];
-             var locPtPoly$3 = arguments[2];
-             var pt = ptLoc.getCoordinate();
-             if (Location.EXTERIOR !== this._ptLocator.locate(pt, poly)) {
-               this._minDistance = 0.0;
-               locPtPoly$3[0] = ptLoc;
-               locPtPoly$3[1] = new GeometryLocation(poly, pt);
-
-               return null
+             var val = '';
+
+             try {
+               val = JSON.parse(strVal);
+             } catch (e) {
+               val = strVal;
              }
-           }
-         }
-       };
-       DistanceOp.prototype.computeMinDistanceLinesPoints = function computeMinDistanceLinesPoints (lines, points, locGeom) {
-           var this$1 = this;
 
-         for (var i = 0; i < lines.size(); i++) {
-           var line = lines.get(i);
-           for (var j = 0; j < points.size(); j++) {
-             var pt = points.get(j);
-             this$1.computeMinDistance(line, pt, locGeom);
-             if (this$1._minDistance <= this$1._terminateDistance) { return null }
-           }
-         }
-       };
-       DistanceOp.prototype.computeFacetDistance = function computeFacetDistance () {
-         var locGeom = new Array(2).fill(null);
-         var lines0 = LinearComponentExtracter.getLines(this._geom[0]);
-         var lines1 = LinearComponentExtracter.getLines(this._geom[1]);
-         var pts0 = PointExtracter.getPoints(this._geom[0]);
-         var pts1 = PointExtracter.getPoints(this._geom[1]);
-         this.computeMinDistanceLines(lines0, lines1, locGeom);
-         this.updateMinDistance(locGeom, false);
-         if (this._minDistance <= this._terminateDistance) { return null }
-         locGeom[0] = null;
-         locGeom[1] = null;
-         this.computeMinDistanceLinesPoints(lines0, pts1, locGeom);
-         this.updateMinDistance(locGeom, false);
-         if (this._minDistance <= this._terminateDistance) { return null }
-         locGeom[0] = null;
-         locGeom[1] = null;
-         this.computeMinDistanceLinesPoints(lines1, pts0, locGeom);
-         this.updateMinDistance(locGeom, true);
-         if (this._minDistance <= this._terminateDistance) { return null }
-         locGeom[0] = null;
-         locGeom[1] = null;
-         this.computeMinDistancePoints(pts0, pts1, locGeom);
-         this.updateMinDistance(locGeom, false);
-       };
-       DistanceOp.prototype.nearestLocations = function nearestLocations () {
-         this.computeMinDistance();
-         return this._minDistanceLocation
-       };
-       DistanceOp.prototype.updateMinDistance = function updateMinDistance (locGeom, flip) {
-         if (locGeom[0] === null) { return null }
-         if (flip) {
-           this._minDistanceLocation[0] = locGeom[1];
-           this._minDistanceLocation[1] = locGeom[0];
-         } else {
-           this._minDistanceLocation[0] = locGeom[0];
-           this._minDistanceLocation[1] = locGeom[1];
-         }
-       };
-       DistanceOp.prototype.nearestPoints = function nearestPoints () {
-         this.computeMinDistance();
-         var nearestPts = [this._minDistanceLocation[0].getCoordinate(), this._minDistanceLocation[1].getCoordinate()];
-         return nearestPts
-       };
-       DistanceOp.prototype.computeMinDistance = function computeMinDistance () {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-         if (arguments.length === 0) {
-           if (this._minDistanceLocation !== null) { return null }
-           this._minDistanceLocation = new Array(2).fill(null);
-           this.computeContainmentDistance();
-           if (this._minDistance <= this._terminateDistance) { return null }
-           this.computeFacetDistance();
-         } else if (arguments.length === 3) {
-           if (arguments[2] instanceof Array && (arguments[0] instanceof LineString && arguments[1] instanceof Point$1)) {
-             var line = arguments[0];
-             var pt = arguments[1];
-             var locGeom = arguments[2];
-             if (line.getEnvelopeInternal().distance(pt.getEnvelopeInternal()) > this._minDistance) { return null }
-             var coord0 = line.getCoordinates();
-             var coord = pt.getCoordinate();
-             for (var i = 0; i < coord0.length - 1; i++) {
-               var dist = CGAlgorithms.distancePointLine(coord, coord0[i], coord0[i + 1]);
-               if (dist < this$1._minDistance) {
-                 this$1._minDistance = dist;
-                 var seg = new LineSegment(coord0[i], coord0[i + 1]);
-                 var segClosestPoint = seg.closestPoint(coord);
-                 locGeom[0] = new GeometryLocation(line, i, segClosestPoint);
-                 locGeom[1] = new GeometryLocation(pt, 0, coord);
-               }
-               if (this$1._minDistance <= this$1._terminateDistance) { return null }
-             }
-           } else if (arguments[2] instanceof Array && (arguments[0] instanceof LineString && arguments[1] instanceof LineString)) {
-             var line0 = arguments[0];
-             var line1 = arguments[1];
-             var locGeom$1 = arguments[2];
-             if (line0.getEnvelopeInternal().distance(line1.getEnvelopeInternal()) > this._minDistance) { return null }
-             var coord0$1 = line0.getCoordinates();
-             var coord1 = line1.getCoordinates();
-             for (var i$1 = 0; i$1 < coord0$1.length - 1; i$1++) {
-               for (var j = 0; j < coord1.length - 1; j++) {
-                 var dist$1 = CGAlgorithms.distanceLineLine(coord0$1[i$1], coord0$1[i$1 + 1], coord1[j], coord1[j + 1]);
-                 if (dist$1 < this$1._minDistance) {
-                   this$1._minDistance = dist$1;
-                   var seg0 = new LineSegment(coord0$1[i$1], coord0$1[i$1 + 1]);
-                   var seg1 = new LineSegment(coord1[j], coord1[j + 1]);
-                   var closestPt = seg0.closestPoints(seg1);
-                   locGeom$1[0] = new GeometryLocation(line0, i$1, closestPt[0]);
-                   locGeom$1[1] = new GeometryLocation(line1, j, closestPt[1]);
-                 }
-                 if (this$1._minDistance <= this$1._terminateDistance) { return null }
-               }
+             return val !== undefined ? val : defaultVal;
+           },
+           _addStorage: function _addStorage(storage) {
+             if (this.enabled) {
+               return;
              }
-           }
-         }
-       };
-       DistanceOp.prototype.computeMinDistancePoints = function computeMinDistancePoints (points0, points1, locGeom) {
-           var this$1 = this;
 
-         for (var i = 0; i < points0.size(); i++) {
-           var pt0 = points0.get(i);
-           for (var j = 0; j < points1.size(); j++) {
-             var pt1 = points1.get(j);
-             var dist = pt0.getCoordinate().distance(pt1.getCoordinate());
-             if (dist < this$1._minDistance) {
-               this$1._minDistance = dist;
-               locGeom[0] = new GeometryLocation(pt0, 0, pt0.getCoordinate());
-               locGeom[1] = new GeometryLocation(pt1, 0, pt1.getCoordinate());
+             if (this._testStorage(storage)) {
+               this.storage = storage;
+               this.enabled = true;
              }
-             if (this$1._minDistance <= this$1._terminateDistance) { return null }
-           }
-         }
-       };
-       DistanceOp.prototype.distance = function distance () {
-         if (this._geom[0] === null || this._geom[1] === null) { throw new IllegalArgumentException('null geometries are not supported') }
-         if (this._geom[0].isEmpty() || this._geom[1].isEmpty()) { return 0.0 }
-         this.computeMinDistance();
-         return this._minDistance
-       };
-       DistanceOp.prototype.computeMinDistanceLines = function computeMinDistanceLines (lines0, lines1, locGeom) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+           },
+           _addPlugin: function _addPlugin(plugin) {
+             var self = this; // If the plugin is an array, then add all plugins in the array.
+             // This allows for a plugin to depend on other plugins.
 
-         for (var i = 0; i < lines0.size(); i++) {
-           var line0 = lines0.get(i);
-           for (var j = 0; j < lines1.size(); j++) {
-             var line1 = lines1.get(j);
-             this$1.computeMinDistance(line0, line1, locGeom);
-             if (this$1._minDistance <= this$1._terminateDistance) { return null }
-           }
-         }
-       };
-       DistanceOp.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       DistanceOp.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return DistanceOp
-       };
-       DistanceOp.distance = function distance (g0, g1) {
-         var distOp = new DistanceOp(g0, g1);
-         return distOp.distance()
-       };
-       DistanceOp.isWithinDistance = function isWithinDistance (g0, g1, distance) {
-         var distOp = new DistanceOp(g0, g1, distance);
-         return distOp.distance() <= distance
-       };
-       DistanceOp.nearestPoints = function nearestPoints (g0, g1) {
-         var distOp = new DistanceOp(g0, g1);
-         return distOp.nearestPoints()
-       };
+             if (isList(plugin)) {
+               each$6(plugin, function (plugin) {
+                 self._addPlugin(plugin);
+               });
+               return;
+             } // Keep track of all plugins we've seen so far, so that we
+             // don't add any of them twice.
 
-       var PointPairDistance$2 = function PointPairDistance () {
-         this._pt = [new Coordinate(), new Coordinate()];
-         this._distance = Double.NaN;
-         this._isNull = true;
-       };
-       PointPairDistance$2.prototype.getCoordinates = function getCoordinates () {
-         return this._pt
-       };
-       PointPairDistance$2.prototype.getCoordinate = function getCoordinate (i) {
-         return this._pt[i]
-       };
-       PointPairDistance$2.prototype.setMinimum = function setMinimum () {
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var ptDist = arguments[0];
-           this.setMinimum(ptDist._pt[0], ptDist._pt[1]);
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var p0 = arguments[0];
-           var p1 = arguments[1];
-           if (this._isNull) {
-             this.initialize(p0, p1);
-             return null
-           }
-           var dist = p0.distance(p1);
-           if (dist < this._distance) { this.initialize(p0, p1, dist); }
-         }
-       };
-       PointPairDistance$2.prototype.initialize = function initialize () {
-         if (arguments.length === 0) {
-           this._isNull = true;
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var p0 = arguments[0];
-           var p1 = arguments[1];
-           this._pt[0].setCoordinate(p0);
-           this._pt[1].setCoordinate(p1);
-           this._distance = p0.distance(p1);
-           this._isNull = false;
-         } else if (arguments.length === 3) {
-           var p0$1 = arguments[0];
-           var p1$1 = arguments[1];
-           var distance = arguments[2];
-           this._pt[0].setCoordinate(p0$1);
-           this._pt[1].setCoordinate(p1$1);
-           this._distance = distance;
-           this._isNull = false;
-         }
-       };
-       PointPairDistance$2.prototype.toString = function toString () {
-         return WKTWriter.toLineString(this._pt[0], this._pt[1])
-       };
-       PointPairDistance$2.prototype.getDistance = function getDistance () {
-         return this._distance
-       };
-       PointPairDistance$2.prototype.setMaximum = function setMaximum () {
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var ptDist = arguments[0];
-           this.setMaximum(ptDist._pt[0], ptDist._pt[1]);
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var p0 = arguments[0];
-           var p1 = arguments[1];
-           if (this._isNull) {
-             this.initialize(p0, p1);
-             return null
-           }
-           var dist = p0.distance(p1);
-           if (dist > this._distance) { this.initialize(p0, p1, dist); }
-         }
-       };
-       PointPairDistance$2.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       PointPairDistance$2.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return PointPairDistance$2
-       };
 
-       var DistanceToPoint = function DistanceToPoint () {};
+             var seenPlugin = pluck(this.plugins, function (seenPlugin) {
+               return plugin === seenPlugin;
+             });
 
-       DistanceToPoint.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       DistanceToPoint.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return DistanceToPoint
-       };
-       DistanceToPoint.computeDistance = function computeDistance () {
-         if (arguments[2] instanceof PointPairDistance$2 && (arguments[0] instanceof LineString && arguments[1] instanceof Coordinate)) {
-           var line = arguments[0];
-           var pt = arguments[1];
-           var ptDist = arguments[2];
-           var tempSegment = new LineSegment();
-           var coords = line.getCoordinates();
-           for (var i = 0; i < coords.length - 1; i++) {
-             tempSegment.setCoordinates(coords[i], coords[i + 1]);
-             var closestPt = tempSegment.closestPoint(pt);
-             ptDist.setMinimum(closestPt, pt);
-           }
-         } else if (arguments[2] instanceof PointPairDistance$2 && (arguments[0] instanceof Polygon && arguments[1] instanceof Coordinate)) {
-           var poly = arguments[0];
-           var pt$1 = arguments[1];
-           var ptDist$1 = arguments[2];
-           DistanceToPoint.computeDistance(poly.getExteriorRing(), pt$1, ptDist$1);
-           for (var i$1 = 0; i$1 < poly.getNumInteriorRing(); i$1++) {
-             DistanceToPoint.computeDistance(poly.getInteriorRingN(i$1), pt$1, ptDist$1);
-           }
-         } else if (arguments[2] instanceof PointPairDistance$2 && (arguments[0] instanceof Geometry && arguments[1] instanceof Coordinate)) {
-           var geom = arguments[0];
-           var pt$2 = arguments[1];
-           var ptDist$2 = arguments[2];
-           if (geom instanceof LineString) {
-             DistanceToPoint.computeDistance(geom, pt$2, ptDist$2);
-           } else if (geom instanceof Polygon) {
-             DistanceToPoint.computeDistance(geom, pt$2, ptDist$2);
-           } else if (geom instanceof GeometryCollection) {
-             var gc = geom;
-             for (var i$2 = 0; i$2 < gc.getNumGeometries(); i$2++) {
-               var g = gc.getGeometryN(i$2);
-               DistanceToPoint.computeDistance(g, pt$2, ptDist$2);
+             if (seenPlugin) {
+               return;
              }
-           } else {
-             ptDist$2.setMinimum(geom.getCoordinate(), pt$2);
-           }
-         } else if (arguments[2] instanceof PointPairDistance$2 && (arguments[0] instanceof LineSegment && arguments[1] instanceof Coordinate)) {
-           var segment = arguments[0];
-           var pt$3 = arguments[1];
-           var ptDist$3 = arguments[2];
-           var closestPt$1 = segment.closestPoint(pt$3);
-           ptDist$3.setMinimum(closestPt$1, pt$3);
-         }
-       };
-
-       var DiscreteHausdorffDistance = function DiscreteHausdorffDistance () {
-         this._g0 = null;
-         this._g1 = null;
-         this._ptDist = new PointPairDistance$2();
-         this._densifyFrac = 0.0;
-         var g0 = arguments[0];
-         var g1 = arguments[1];
-         this._g0 = g0;
-         this._g1 = g1;
-       };
-
-       var staticAccessors$39 = { MaxPointDistanceFilter: { configurable: true },MaxDensifiedByFractionDistanceFilter: { configurable: true } };
-       DiscreteHausdorffDistance.prototype.getCoordinates = function getCoordinates () {
-         return this._ptDist.getCoordinates()
-       };
-       DiscreteHausdorffDistance.prototype.setDensifyFraction = function setDensifyFraction (densifyFrac) {
-         if (densifyFrac > 1.0 || densifyFrac <= 0.0) { throw new IllegalArgumentException('Fraction is not in range (0.0 - 1.0]') }
-         this._densifyFrac = densifyFrac;
-       };
-       DiscreteHausdorffDistance.prototype.compute = function compute (g0, g1) {
-         this.computeOrientedDistance(g0, g1, this._ptDist);
-         this.computeOrientedDistance(g1, g0, this._ptDist);
-       };
-       DiscreteHausdorffDistance.prototype.distance = function distance () {
-         this.compute(this._g0, this._g1);
-         return this._ptDist.getDistance()
-       };
-       DiscreteHausdorffDistance.prototype.computeOrientedDistance = function computeOrientedDistance (discreteGeom, geom, ptDist) {
-         var distFilter = new MaxPointDistanceFilter$1(geom);
-         discreteGeom.apply(distFilter);
-         ptDist.setMaximum(distFilter.getMaxPointDistance());
-         if (this._densifyFrac > 0) {
-           var fracFilter = new MaxDensifiedByFractionDistanceFilter(geom, this._densifyFrac);
-           discreteGeom.apply(fracFilter);
-           ptDist.setMaximum(fracFilter.getMaxPointDistance());
-         }
-       };
-       DiscreteHausdorffDistance.prototype.orientedDistance = function orientedDistance () {
-         this.computeOrientedDistance(this._g0, this._g1, this._ptDist);
-         return this._ptDist.getDistance()
-       };
-       DiscreteHausdorffDistance.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       DiscreteHausdorffDistance.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return DiscreteHausdorffDistance
-       };
-       DiscreteHausdorffDistance.distance = function distance () {
-         if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var g0 = arguments[0];
-           var g1 = arguments[1];
-           var dist = new DiscreteHausdorffDistance(g0, g1);
-           return dist.distance()
-         } else if (arguments.length === 3) {
-           var g0$1 = arguments[0];
-           var g1$1 = arguments[1];
-           var densifyFrac = arguments[2];
-           var dist$1 = new DiscreteHausdorffDistance(g0$1, g1$1);
-           dist$1.setDensifyFraction(densifyFrac);
-           return dist$1.distance()
-         }
-       };
-       staticAccessors$39.MaxPointDistanceFilter.get = function () { return MaxPointDistanceFilter$1 };
-       staticAccessors$39.MaxDensifiedByFractionDistanceFilter.get = function () { return MaxDensifiedByFractionDistanceFilter };
-
-       Object.defineProperties( DiscreteHausdorffDistance, staticAccessors$39 );
-
-       var MaxPointDistanceFilter$1 = function MaxPointDistanceFilter () {
-         this._maxPtDist = new PointPairDistance$2();
-         this._minPtDist = new PointPairDistance$2();
-         this._euclideanDist = new DistanceToPoint();
-         this._geom = null;
-         var geom = arguments[0];
-         this._geom = geom;
-       };
-       MaxPointDistanceFilter$1.prototype.filter = function filter (pt) {
-         this._minPtDist.initialize();
-         DistanceToPoint.computeDistance(this._geom, pt, this._minPtDist);
-         this._maxPtDist.setMaximum(this._minPtDist);
-       };
-       MaxPointDistanceFilter$1.prototype.getMaxPointDistance = function getMaxPointDistance () {
-         return this._maxPtDist
-       };
-       MaxPointDistanceFilter$1.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [CoordinateFilter]
-       };
-       MaxPointDistanceFilter$1.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return MaxPointDistanceFilter$1
-       };
 
-       var MaxDensifiedByFractionDistanceFilter = function MaxDensifiedByFractionDistanceFilter () {
-         this._maxPtDist = new PointPairDistance$2();
-         this._minPtDist = new PointPairDistance$2();
-         this._geom = null;
-         this._numSubSegs = 0;
-         var geom = arguments[0];
-         var fraction = arguments[1];
-         this._geom = geom;
-         this._numSubSegs = Math.trunc(Math.round(1.0 / fraction));
-       };
-       MaxDensifiedByFractionDistanceFilter.prototype.filter = function filter (seq, index) {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-         if (index === 0) { return null }
-         var p0 = seq.getCoordinate(index - 1);
-         var p1 = seq.getCoordinate(index);
-         var delx = (p1.x - p0.x) / this._numSubSegs;
-         var dely = (p1.y - p0.y) / this._numSubSegs;
-         for (var i = 0; i < this._numSubSegs; i++) {
-           var x = p0.x + i * delx;
-           var y = p0.y + i * dely;
-           var pt = new Coordinate(x, y);
-           this$1._minPtDist.initialize();
-           DistanceToPoint.computeDistance(this$1._geom, pt, this$1._minPtDist);
-           this$1._maxPtDist.setMaximum(this$1._minPtDist);
-         }
-       };
-       MaxDensifiedByFractionDistanceFilter.prototype.isDone = function isDone () {
-         return false
-       };
-       MaxDensifiedByFractionDistanceFilter.prototype.isGeometryChanged = function isGeometryChanged () {
-         return false
-       };
-       MaxDensifiedByFractionDistanceFilter.prototype.getMaxPointDistance = function getMaxPointDistance () {
-         return this._maxPtDist
-       };
-       MaxDensifiedByFractionDistanceFilter.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [CoordinateSequenceFilter]
-       };
-       MaxDensifiedByFractionDistanceFilter.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return MaxDensifiedByFractionDistanceFilter
-       };
+             this.plugins.push(plugin); // Check that the plugin is properly formed
 
-       var BufferDistanceValidator = function BufferDistanceValidator (input, bufDistance, result) {
-         this._minValidDistance = null;
-         this._maxValidDistance = null;
-         this._minDistanceFound = null;
-         this._maxDistanceFound = null;
-         this._isValid = true;
-         this._errMsg = null;
-         this._errorLocation = null;
-         this._errorIndicator = null;
-         this._input = input || null;
-         this._bufDistance = bufDistance || null;
-         this._result = result || null;
-       };
+             if (!isFunction(plugin)) {
+               throw new Error('Plugins must be function values that return objects');
+             }
 
-       var staticAccessors$37 = { VERBOSE: { configurable: true },MAX_DISTANCE_DIFF_FRAC: { configurable: true } };
-       BufferDistanceValidator.prototype.checkMaximumDistance = function checkMaximumDistance (input, bufCurve, maxDist) {
-         var haus = new DiscreteHausdorffDistance(bufCurve, input);
-         haus.setDensifyFraction(0.25);
-         this._maxDistanceFound = haus.orientedDistance();
-         if (this._maxDistanceFound > maxDist) {
-           this._isValid = false;
-           var pts = haus.getCoordinates();
-           this._errorLocation = pts[1];
-           this._errorIndicator = input.getFactory().createLineString(pts);
-           this._errMsg = 'Distance between buffer curve and input is too large (' + this._maxDistanceFound + ' at ' + WKTWriter.toLineString(pts[0], pts[1]) + ')';
-         }
-       };
-       BufferDistanceValidator.prototype.isValid = function isValid () {
-         var posDistance = Math.abs(this._bufDistance);
-         var distDelta = BufferDistanceValidator.MAX_DISTANCE_DIFF_FRAC * posDistance;
-         this._minValidDistance = posDistance - distDelta;
-         this._maxValidDistance = posDistance + distDelta;
-         if (this._input.isEmpty() || this._result.isEmpty()) { return true }
-         if (this._bufDistance > 0.0) {
-           this.checkPositiveValid();
-         } else {
-           this.checkNegativeValid();
-         }
-         if (BufferDistanceValidator.VERBOSE) {
-           System.out.println('Min Dist= ' + this._minDistanceFound + '  err= ' + (1.0 - this._minDistanceFound / this._bufDistance) + '  Max Dist= ' + this._maxDistanceFound + '  err= ' + (this._maxDistanceFound / this._bufDistance - 1.0));
-         }
-         return this._isValid
-       };
-       BufferDistanceValidator.prototype.checkNegativeValid = function checkNegativeValid () {
-         if (!(this._input instanceof Polygon || this._input instanceof MultiPolygon || this._input instanceof GeometryCollection)) {
-           return null
-         }
-         var inputCurve = this.getPolygonLines(this._input);
-         this.checkMinimumDistance(inputCurve, this._result, this._minValidDistance);
-         if (!this._isValid) { return null }
-         this.checkMaximumDistance(inputCurve, this._result, this._maxValidDistance);
-       };
-       BufferDistanceValidator.prototype.getErrorIndicator = function getErrorIndicator () {
-         return this._errorIndicator
-       };
-       BufferDistanceValidator.prototype.checkMinimumDistance = function checkMinimumDistance (g1, g2, minDist) {
-         var distOp = new DistanceOp(g1, g2, minDist);
-         this._minDistanceFound = distOp.distance();
-         if (this._minDistanceFound < minDist) {
-           this._isValid = false;
-           var pts = distOp.nearestPoints();
-           this._errorLocation = distOp.nearestPoints()[1];
-           this._errorIndicator = g1.getFactory().createLineString(pts);
-           this._errMsg = 'Distance between buffer curve and input is too small (' + this._minDistanceFound + ' at ' + WKTWriter.toLineString(pts[0], pts[1]) + ' )';
-         }
-       };
-       BufferDistanceValidator.prototype.checkPositiveValid = function checkPositiveValid () {
-         var bufCurve = this._result.getBoundary();
-         this.checkMinimumDistance(this._input, bufCurve, this._minValidDistance);
-         if (!this._isValid) { return null }
-         this.checkMaximumDistance(this._input, bufCurve, this._maxValidDistance);
-       };
-       BufferDistanceValidator.prototype.getErrorLocation = function getErrorLocation () {
-         return this._errorLocation
-       };
-       BufferDistanceValidator.prototype.getPolygonLines = function getPolygonLines (g) {
-         var lines = new ArrayList();
-         var lineExtracter = new LinearComponentExtracter(lines);
-         var polys = PolygonExtracter.getPolygons(g);
-         for (var i = polys.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
-           var poly = i.next();
-           poly.apply(lineExtracter);
-         }
-         return g.getFactory().buildGeometry(lines)
-       };
-       BufferDistanceValidator.prototype.getErrorMessage = function getErrorMessage () {
-         return this._errMsg
-       };
-       BufferDistanceValidator.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       BufferDistanceValidator.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return BufferDistanceValidator
-       };
-       staticAccessors$37.VERBOSE.get = function () { return false };
-       staticAccessors$37.MAX_DISTANCE_DIFF_FRAC.get = function () { return 0.012 };
-
-       Object.defineProperties( BufferDistanceValidator, staticAccessors$37 );
-
-       var BufferResultValidator = function BufferResultValidator (input, distance, result) {
-         this._isValid = true;
-         this._errorMsg = null;
-         this._errorLocation = null;
-         this._errorIndicator = null;
-         this._input = input || null;
-         this._distance = distance || null;
-         this._result = result || null;
-       };
+             var pluginProperties = plugin.call(this);
 
-       var staticAccessors$40 = { VERBOSE: { configurable: true },MAX_ENV_DIFF_FRAC: { configurable: true } };
-       BufferResultValidator.prototype.isValid = function isValid () {
-         this.checkPolygonal();
-         if (!this._isValid) { return this._isValid }
-         this.checkExpectedEmpty();
-         if (!this._isValid) { return this._isValid }
-         this.checkEnvelope();
-         if (!this._isValid) { return this._isValid }
-         this.checkArea();
-         if (!this._isValid) { return this._isValid }
-         this.checkDistance();
-         return this._isValid
-       };
-       BufferResultValidator.prototype.checkEnvelope = function checkEnvelope () {
-         if (this._distance < 0.0) { return null }
-         var padding = this._distance * BufferResultValidator.MAX_ENV_DIFF_FRAC;
-         if (padding === 0.0) { padding = 0.001; }
-         var expectedEnv = new Envelope(this._input.getEnvelopeInternal());
-         expectedEnv.expandBy(this._distance);
-         var bufEnv = new Envelope(this._result.getEnvelopeInternal());
-         bufEnv.expandBy(padding);
-         if (!bufEnv.contains(expectedEnv)) {
-           this._isValid = false;
-           this._errorMsg = 'Buffer envelope is incorrect';
-           this._errorIndicator = this._input.getFactory().toGeometry(bufEnv);
-         }
-         this.report('Envelope');
-       };
-       BufferResultValidator.prototype.checkDistance = function checkDistance () {
-         var distValid = new BufferDistanceValidator(this._input, this._distance, this._result);
-         if (!distValid.isValid()) {
-           this._isValid = false;
-           this._errorMsg = distValid.getErrorMessage();
-           this._errorLocation = distValid.getErrorLocation();
-           this._errorIndicator = distValid.getErrorIndicator();
-         }
-         this.report('Distance');
-       };
-       BufferResultValidator.prototype.checkArea = function checkArea () {
-         var inputArea = this._input.getArea();
-         var resultArea = this._result.getArea();
-         if (this._distance > 0.0 && inputArea > resultArea) {
-           this._isValid = false;
-           this._errorMsg = 'Area of positive buffer is smaller than input';
-           this._errorIndicator = this._result;
-         }
-         if (this._distance < 0.0 && inputArea < resultArea) {
-           this._isValid = false;
-           this._errorMsg = 'Area of negative buffer is larger than input';
-           this._errorIndicator = this._result;
-         }
-         this.report('Area');
-       };
-       BufferResultValidator.prototype.checkPolygonal = function checkPolygonal () {
-         if (!(this._result instanceof Polygon || this._result instanceof MultiPolygon)) { this._isValid = false; }
-         this._errorMsg = 'Result is not polygonal';
-         this._errorIndicator = this._result;
-         this.report('Polygonal');
-       };
-       BufferResultValidator.prototype.getErrorIndicator = function getErrorIndicator () {
-         return this._errorIndicator
-       };
-       BufferResultValidator.prototype.getErrorLocation = function getErrorLocation () {
-         return this._errorLocation
-       };
-       BufferResultValidator.prototype.checkExpectedEmpty = function checkExpectedEmpty () {
-         if (this._input.getDimension() >= 2) { return null }
-         if (this._distance > 0.0) { return null }
-         if (!this._result.isEmpty()) {
-           this._isValid = false;
-           this._errorMsg = 'Result is non-empty';
-           this._errorIndicator = this._result;
-         }
-         this.report('ExpectedEmpty');
-       };
-       BufferResultValidator.prototype.report = function report (checkName) {
-         if (!BufferResultValidator.VERBOSE) { return null }
-         System.out.println('Check ' + checkName + ': ' + (this._isValid ? 'passed' : 'FAILED'));
-       };
-       BufferResultValidator.prototype.getErrorMessage = function getErrorMessage () {
-         return this._errorMsg
-       };
-       BufferResultValidator.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       BufferResultValidator.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return BufferResultValidator
-       };
-       BufferResultValidator.isValidMsg = function isValidMsg (g, distance, result) {
-         var validator = new BufferResultValidator(g, distance, result);
-         if (!validator.isValid()) { return validator.getErrorMessage() }
-         return null
-       };
-       BufferResultValidator.isValid = function isValid (g, distance, result) {
-         var validator = new BufferResultValidator(g, distance, result);
-         if (validator.isValid()) { return true }
-         return false
-       };
-       staticAccessors$40.VERBOSE.get = function () { return false };
-       staticAccessors$40.MAX_ENV_DIFF_FRAC.get = function () { return 0.012 };
+             if (!isObject(pluginProperties)) {
+               throw new Error('Plugins must return an object of function properties');
+             } // Add the plugin function properties to this store instance.
 
-       Object.defineProperties( BufferResultValidator, staticAccessors$40 );
 
-       // operation.buffer
+             each$6(pluginProperties, function (pluginFnProp, propName) {
+               if (!isFunction(pluginFnProp)) {
+                 throw new Error('Bad plugin property: ' + propName + ' from plugin ' + plugin.name + '. Plugins should only return functions.');
+               }
 
-       var BasicSegmentString = function BasicSegmentString () {
-         this._pts = null;
-         this._data = null;
-         var pts = arguments[0];
-         var data = arguments[1];
-         this._pts = pts;
-         this._data = data;
-       };
-       BasicSegmentString.prototype.getCoordinates = function getCoordinates () {
-         return this._pts
-       };
-       BasicSegmentString.prototype.size = function size () {
-         return this._pts.length
-       };
-       BasicSegmentString.prototype.getCoordinate = function getCoordinate (i) {
-         return this._pts[i]
-       };
-       BasicSegmentString.prototype.isClosed = function isClosed () {
-         return this._pts[0].equals(this._pts[this._pts.length - 1])
-       };
-       BasicSegmentString.prototype.getSegmentOctant = function getSegmentOctant (index) {
-         if (index === this._pts.length - 1) { return -1 }
-         return Octant.octant(this.getCoordinate(index), this.getCoordinate(index + 1))
-       };
-       BasicSegmentString.prototype.setData = function setData (data) {
-         this._data = data;
-       };
-       BasicSegmentString.prototype.getData = function getData () {
-         return this._data
-       };
-       BasicSegmentString.prototype.toString = function toString () {
-         return WKTWriter.toLineString(new CoordinateArraySequence(this._pts))
-       };
-       BasicSegmentString.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [SegmentString]
-       };
-       BasicSegmentString.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return BasicSegmentString
-       };
+               self._assignPluginFnProp(pluginFnProp, propName);
+             });
+           },
+           // Put deprecated properties in the private API, so as to not expose it to accidential
+           // discovery through inspection of the store object.
+           // Deprecated: addStorage
+           addStorage: function addStorage(storage) {
+             _warn('store.addStorage(storage) is deprecated. Use createStore([storages])');
 
-       var InteriorIntersectionFinder = function InteriorIntersectionFinder () {
-         this._findAllIntersections = false;
-         this._isCheckEndSegmentsOnly = false;
-         this._li = null;
-         this._interiorIntersection = null;
-         this._intSegments = null;
-         this._intersections = new ArrayList();
-         this._intersectionCount = 0;
-         this._keepIntersections = true;
-         var li = arguments[0];
-         this._li = li;
-         this._interiorIntersection = null;
-       };
-       InteriorIntersectionFinder.prototype.getInteriorIntersection = function getInteriorIntersection () {
-         return this._interiorIntersection
-       };
-       InteriorIntersectionFinder.prototype.setCheckEndSegmentsOnly = function setCheckEndSegmentsOnly (isCheckEndSegmentsOnly) {
-         this._isCheckEndSegmentsOnly = isCheckEndSegmentsOnly;
-       };
-       InteriorIntersectionFinder.prototype.getIntersectionSegments = function getIntersectionSegments () {
-         return this._intSegments
-       };
-       InteriorIntersectionFinder.prototype.count = function count () {
-         return this._intersectionCount
-       };
-       InteriorIntersectionFinder.prototype.getIntersections = function getIntersections () {
-         return this._intersections
-       };
-       InteriorIntersectionFinder.prototype.setFindAllIntersections = function setFindAllIntersections (findAllIntersections) {
-         this._findAllIntersections = findAllIntersections;
-       };
-       InteriorIntersectionFinder.prototype.setKeepIntersections = function setKeepIntersections (keepIntersections) {
-         this._keepIntersections = keepIntersections;
-       };
-       InteriorIntersectionFinder.prototype.processIntersections = function processIntersections (e0, segIndex0, e1, segIndex1) {
-         if (!this._findAllIntersections && this.hasIntersection()) { return null }
-         if (e0 === e1 && segIndex0 === segIndex1) { return null }
-         if (this._isCheckEndSegmentsOnly) {
-           var isEndSegPresent = this.isEndSegment(e0, segIndex0) || this.isEndSegment(e1, segIndex1);
-           if (!isEndSegPresent) { return null }
-         }
-         var p00 = e0.getCoordinates()[segIndex0];
-         var p01 = e0.getCoordinates()[segIndex0 + 1];
-         var p10 = e1.getCoordinates()[segIndex1];
-         var p11 = e1.getCoordinates()[segIndex1 + 1];
-         this._li.computeIntersection(p00, p01, p10, p11);
-         if (this._li.hasIntersection()) {
-           if (this._li.isInteriorIntersection()) {
-             this._intSegments = new Array(4).fill(null);
-             this._intSegments[0] = p00;
-             this._intSegments[1] = p01;
-             this._intSegments[2] = p10;
-             this._intSegments[3] = p11;
-             this._interiorIntersection = this._li.getIntersection(0);
-             if (this._keepIntersections) { this._intersections.add(this._interiorIntersection); }
-             this._intersectionCount++;
+             this._addStorage(storage);
            }
-         }
-       };
-       InteriorIntersectionFinder.prototype.isEndSegment = function isEndSegment (segStr, index) {
-         if (index === 0) { return true }
-         if (index >= segStr.size() - 2) { return true }
-         return false
-       };
-       InteriorIntersectionFinder.prototype.hasIntersection = function hasIntersection () {
-         return this._interiorIntersection !== null
-       };
-       InteriorIntersectionFinder.prototype.isDone = function isDone () {
-         if (this._findAllIntersections) { return false }
-         return this._interiorIntersection !== null
-       };
-       InteriorIntersectionFinder.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [SegmentIntersector]
-       };
-       InteriorIntersectionFinder.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return InteriorIntersectionFinder
-       };
-       InteriorIntersectionFinder.createAllIntersectionsFinder = function createAllIntersectionsFinder (li) {
-         var finder = new InteriorIntersectionFinder(li);
-         finder.setFindAllIntersections(true);
-         return finder
-       };
-       InteriorIntersectionFinder.createAnyIntersectionFinder = function createAnyIntersectionFinder (li) {
-         return new InteriorIntersectionFinder(li)
-       };
-       InteriorIntersectionFinder.createIntersectionCounter = function createIntersectionCounter (li) {
-         var finder = new InteriorIntersectionFinder(li);
-         finder.setFindAllIntersections(true);
-         finder.setKeepIntersections(false);
-         return finder
-       };
+         };
+         var store = create(_privateStoreProps, storeAPI, {
+           plugins: []
+         });
+         store.raw = {};
+         each$6(store, function (prop, propName) {
+           if (isFunction(prop)) {
+             store.raw[propName] = bind(store, prop);
+           }
+         });
+         each$6(storages, function (storage) {
+           store._addStorage(storage);
+         });
+         each$6(plugins, function (plugin) {
+           store._addPlugin(plugin);
+         });
+         return store;
+       }
 
-       var FastNodingValidator = function FastNodingValidator () {
-         this._li = new RobustLineIntersector();
-         this._segStrings = null;
-         this._findAllIntersections = false;
-         this._segInt = null;
-         this._isValid = true;
-         var segStrings = arguments[0];
-         this._segStrings = segStrings;
-       };
-       FastNodingValidator.prototype.execute = function execute () {
-         if (this._segInt !== null) { return null }
-         this.checkInteriorIntersections();
-       };
-       FastNodingValidator.prototype.getIntersections = function getIntersections () {
-         return this._segInt.getIntersections()
-       };
-       FastNodingValidator.prototype.isValid = function isValid () {
-         this.execute();
-         return this._isValid
-       };
-       FastNodingValidator.prototype.setFindAllIntersections = function setFindAllIntersections (findAllIntersections) {
-         this._findAllIntersections = findAllIntersections;
-       };
-       FastNodingValidator.prototype.checkInteriorIntersections = function checkInteriorIntersections () {
-         this._isValid = true;
-         this._segInt = new InteriorIntersectionFinder(this._li);
-         this._segInt.setFindAllIntersections(this._findAllIntersections);
-         var noder = new MCIndexNoder();
-         noder.setSegmentIntersector(this._segInt);
-         noder.computeNodes(this._segStrings);
-         if (this._segInt.hasIntersection()) {
-           this._isValid = false;
-           return null
-         }
-       };
-       FastNodingValidator.prototype.checkValid = function checkValid () {
-         this.execute();
-         if (!this._isValid) { throw new TopologyException(this.getErrorMessage(), this._segInt.getInteriorIntersection()) }
-       };
-       FastNodingValidator.prototype.getErrorMessage = function getErrorMessage () {
-         if (this._isValid) { return 'no intersections found' }
-         var intSegs = this._segInt.getIntersectionSegments();
-         return 'found non-noded intersection between ' + WKTWriter.toLineString(intSegs[0], intSegs[1]) + ' and ' + WKTWriter.toLineString(intSegs[2], intSegs[3])
-       };
-       FastNodingValidator.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       FastNodingValidator.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return FastNodingValidator
-       };
-       FastNodingValidator.computeIntersections = function computeIntersections (segStrings) {
-         var nv = new FastNodingValidator(segStrings);
-         nv.setFindAllIntersections(true);
-         nv.isValid();
-         return nv.getIntersections()
+       var Global$4 = util.Global;
+       var localStorage_1 = {
+         name: 'localStorage',
+         read: read$5,
+         write: write$5,
+         each: each$5,
+         remove: remove$5,
+         clearAll: clearAll$5
        };
 
-       var EdgeNodingValidator = function EdgeNodingValidator () {
-         this._nv = null;
-         var edges = arguments[0];
-         this._nv = new FastNodingValidator(EdgeNodingValidator.toSegmentStrings(edges));
-       };
-       EdgeNodingValidator.prototype.checkValid = function checkValid () {
-         this._nv.checkValid();
-       };
-       EdgeNodingValidator.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       EdgeNodingValidator.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return EdgeNodingValidator
-       };
-       EdgeNodingValidator.toSegmentStrings = function toSegmentStrings (edges) {
-         var segStrings = new ArrayList();
-         for (var i = edges.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
-           var e = i.next();
-           segStrings.add(new BasicSegmentString(e.getCoordinates(), e));
-         }
-         return segStrings
-       };
-       EdgeNodingValidator.checkValid = function checkValid (edges) {
-         var validator = new EdgeNodingValidator(edges);
-         validator.checkValid();
-       };
+       function localStorage$1() {
+         return Global$4.localStorage;
+       }
 
-       var GeometryCollectionMapper = function GeometryCollectionMapper (mapOp) {
-         this._mapOp = mapOp;
-       };
-       GeometryCollectionMapper.prototype.map = function map (gc) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+       function read$5(key) {
+         return localStorage$1().getItem(key);
+       }
 
-         var mapped = new ArrayList();
-         for (var i = 0; i < gc.getNumGeometries(); i++) {
-           var g = this$1._mapOp.map(gc.getGeometryN(i));
-           if (!g.isEmpty()) { mapped.add(g); }
+       function write$5(key, data) {
+         return localStorage$1().setItem(key, data);
+       }
+
+       function each$5(fn) {
+         for (var i = localStorage$1().length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+           var key = localStorage$1().key(i);
+           fn(read$5(key), key);
          }
-         return gc.getFactory().createGeometryCollection(GeometryFactory.toGeometryArray(mapped))
-       };
-       GeometryCollectionMapper.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       GeometryCollectionMapper.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return GeometryCollectionMapper
-       };
-       GeometryCollectionMapper.map = function map (gc, op) {
-         var mapper = new GeometryCollectionMapper(op);
-         return mapper.map(gc)
-       };
+       }
 
-       var LineBuilder = function LineBuilder () {
-         this._op = null;
-         this._geometryFactory = null;
-         this._ptLocator = null;
-         this._lineEdgesList = new ArrayList();
-         this._resultLineList = new ArrayList();
-         var op = arguments[0];
-         var geometryFactory = arguments[1];
-         var ptLocator = arguments[2];
-         this._op = op;
-         this._geometryFactory = geometryFactory;
-         this._ptLocator = ptLocator;
-       };
-       LineBuilder.prototype.collectLines = function collectLines (opCode) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+       function remove$5(key) {
+         return localStorage$1().removeItem(key);
+       }
 
-         for (var it = this._op.getGraph().getEdgeEnds().iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
-           var de = it.next();
-           this$1.collectLineEdge(de, opCode, this$1._lineEdgesList);
-           this$1.collectBoundaryTouchEdge(de, opCode, this$1._lineEdgesList);
-         }
-       };
-       LineBuilder.prototype.labelIsolatedLine = function labelIsolatedLine (e, targetIndex) {
-         var loc = this._ptLocator.locate(e.getCoordinate(), this._op.getArgGeometry(targetIndex));
-         e.getLabel().setLocation(targetIndex, loc);
-       };
-       LineBuilder.prototype.build = function build (opCode) {
-         this.findCoveredLineEdges();
-         this.collectLines(opCode);
-         this.buildLines(opCode);
-         return this._resultLineList
-       };
-       LineBuilder.prototype.collectLineEdge = function collectLineEdge (de, opCode, edges) {
-         var label = de.getLabel();
-         var e = de.getEdge();
-         if (de.isLineEdge()) {
-           if (!de.isVisited() && OverlayOp.isResultOfOp(label, opCode) && !e.isCovered()) {
-             edges.add(e);
-             de.setVisitedEdge(true);
-           }
-         }
-       };
-       LineBuilder.prototype.findCoveredLineEdges = function findCoveredLineEdges () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+       function clearAll$5() {
+         return localStorage$1().clear();
+       }
 
-         for (var nodeit = this._op.getGraph().getNodes().iterator(); nodeit.hasNext();) {
-           var node = nodeit.next();
-           node.getEdges().findCoveredLineEdges();
-         }
-         for (var it = this._op.getGraph().getEdgeEnds().iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
-           var de = it.next();
-           var e = de.getEdge();
-           if (de.isLineEdge() && !e.isCoveredSet()) {
-             var isCovered = this$1._op.isCoveredByA(de.getCoordinate());
-             e.setCovered(isCovered);
-           }
-         }
-       };
-       LineBuilder.prototype.labelIsolatedLines = function labelIsolatedLines (edgesList) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+       // versions 6 and 7, where no localStorage, etc
+       // is available.
 
-         for (var it = edgesList.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
-           var e = it.next();
-           var label = e.getLabel();
-           if (e.isIsolated()) {
-             if (label.isNull(0)) { this$1.labelIsolatedLine(e, 0); } else { this$1.labelIsolatedLine(e, 1); }
-           }
-         }
+       var Global$3 = util.Global;
+       var oldFFGlobalStorage = {
+         name: 'oldFF-globalStorage',
+         read: read$4,
+         write: write$4,
+         each: each$4,
+         remove: remove$4,
+         clearAll: clearAll$4
        };
-       LineBuilder.prototype.buildLines = function buildLines (opCode) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+       var globalStorage = Global$3.globalStorage;
 
-         for (var it = this._lineEdgesList.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
-           var e = it.next();
-           // const label = e.getLabel()
-           var line = this$1._geometryFactory.createLineString(e.getCoordinates());
-           this$1._resultLineList.add(line);
-           e.setInResult(true);
-         }
-       };
-       LineBuilder.prototype.collectBoundaryTouchEdge = function collectBoundaryTouchEdge (de, opCode, edges) {
-         var label = de.getLabel();
-         if (de.isLineEdge()) { return null }
-         if (de.isVisited()) { return null }
-         if (de.isInteriorAreaEdge()) { return null }
-         if (de.getEdge().isInResult()) { return null }
-         Assert.isTrue(!(de.isInResult() || de.getSym().isInResult()) || !de.getEdge().isInResult());
-         if (OverlayOp.isResultOfOp(label, opCode) && opCode === OverlayOp.INTERSECTION) {
-           edges.add(de.getEdge());
-           de.setVisitedEdge(true);
-         }
-       };
-       LineBuilder.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       LineBuilder.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return LineBuilder
-       };
+       function read$4(key) {
+         return globalStorage[key];
+       }
 
-       var PointBuilder = function PointBuilder () {
-         this._op = null;
-         this._geometryFactory = null;
-         this._resultPointList = new ArrayList();
-         var op = arguments[0];
-         var geometryFactory = arguments[1];
-         // const ptLocator = arguments[2]
-         this._op = op;
-         this._geometryFactory = geometryFactory;
-       };
-       PointBuilder.prototype.filterCoveredNodeToPoint = function filterCoveredNodeToPoint (n) {
-         var coord = n.getCoordinate();
-         if (!this._op.isCoveredByLA(coord)) {
-           var pt = this._geometryFactory.createPoint(coord);
-           this._resultPointList.add(pt);
-         }
-       };
-       PointBuilder.prototype.extractNonCoveredResultNodes = function extractNonCoveredResultNodes (opCode) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+       function write$4(key, data) {
+         globalStorage[key] = data;
+       }
 
-         for (var nodeit = this._op.getGraph().getNodes().iterator(); nodeit.hasNext();) {
-           var n = nodeit.next();
-           if (n.isInResult()) { continue }
-           if (n.isIncidentEdgeInResult()) { continue }
-           if (n.getEdges().getDegree() === 0 || opCode === OverlayOp.INTERSECTION) {
-             var label = n.getLabel();
-             if (OverlayOp.isResultOfOp(label, opCode)) {
-               this$1.filterCoveredNodeToPoint(n);
-             }
-           }
+       function each$4(fn) {
+         for (var i = globalStorage.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+           var key = globalStorage.key(i);
+           fn(globalStorage[key], key);
          }
-       };
-       PointBuilder.prototype.build = function build (opCode) {
-         this.extractNonCoveredResultNodes(opCode);
-         return this._resultPointList
-       };
-       PointBuilder.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       PointBuilder.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return PointBuilder
-       };
+       }
 
-       var GeometryTransformer = function GeometryTransformer () {
-         this._inputGeom = null;
-         this._factory = null;
-         this._pruneEmptyGeometry = true;
-         this._preserveGeometryCollectionType = true;
-         this._preserveCollections = false;
-         this._preserveType = false;
-       };
-       GeometryTransformer.prototype.transformPoint = function transformPoint (geom, parent) {
-         return this._factory.createPoint(this.transformCoordinates(geom.getCoordinateSequence(), geom))
-       };
-       GeometryTransformer.prototype.transformPolygon = function transformPolygon (geom, parent) {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-         var isAllValidLinearRings = true;
-         var shell = this.transformLinearRing(geom.getExteriorRing(), geom);
-         if (shell === null || !(shell instanceof LinearRing) || shell.isEmpty()) { isAllValidLinearRings = false; }
-         var holes = new ArrayList();
-         for (var i = 0; i < geom.getNumInteriorRing(); i++) {
-           var hole = this$1.transformLinearRing(geom.getInteriorRingN(i), geom);
-           if (hole === null || hole.isEmpty()) {
-             continue
-           }
-           if (!(hole instanceof LinearRing)) { isAllValidLinearRings = false; }
-           holes.add(hole);
-         }
-         if (isAllValidLinearRings) { return this._factory.createPolygon(shell, holes.toArray([])); } else {
-           var components = new ArrayList();
-           if (shell !== null) { components.add(shell); }
-           components.addAll(holes);
-           return this._factory.buildGeometry(components)
-         }
-       };
-       GeometryTransformer.prototype.createCoordinateSequence = function createCoordinateSequence (coords) {
-         return this._factory.getCoordinateSequenceFactory().create(coords)
-       };
-       GeometryTransformer.prototype.getInputGeometry = function getInputGeometry () {
-         return this._inputGeom
-       };
-       GeometryTransformer.prototype.transformMultiLineString = function transformMultiLineString (geom, parent) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+       function remove$4(key) {
+         return globalStorage.removeItem(key);
+       }
 
-         var transGeomList = new ArrayList();
-         for (var i = 0; i < geom.getNumGeometries(); i++) {
-           var transformGeom = this$1.transformLineString(geom.getGeometryN(i), geom);
-           if (transformGeom === null) { continue }
-           if (transformGeom.isEmpty()) { continue }
-           transGeomList.add(transformGeom);
-         }
-         return this._factory.buildGeometry(transGeomList)
-       };
-       GeometryTransformer.prototype.transformCoordinates = function transformCoordinates (coords, parent) {
-         return this.copy(coords)
-       };
-       GeometryTransformer.prototype.transformLineString = function transformLineString (geom, parent) {
-         return this._factory.createLineString(this.transformCoordinates(geom.getCoordinateSequence(), geom))
-       };
-       GeometryTransformer.prototype.transformMultiPoint = function transformMultiPoint (geom, parent) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+       function clearAll$4() {
+         each$4(function (key, _) {
+           delete globalStorage[key];
+         });
+       }
 
-         var transGeomList = new ArrayList();
-         for (var i = 0; i < geom.getNumGeometries(); i++) {
-           var transformGeom = this$1.transformPoint(geom.getGeometryN(i), geom);
-           if (transformGeom === null) { continue }
-           if (transformGeom.isEmpty()) { continue }
-           transGeomList.add(transformGeom);
-         }
-         return this._factory.buildGeometry(transGeomList)
-       };
-       GeometryTransformer.prototype.transformMultiPolygon = function transformMultiPolygon (geom, parent) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+       // versions 6 and 7, where no localStorage, sessionStorage, etc
+       // is available.
 
-         var transGeomList = new ArrayList();
-         for (var i = 0; i < geom.getNumGeometries(); i++) {
-           var transformGeom = this$1.transformPolygon(geom.getGeometryN(i), geom);
-           if (transformGeom === null) { continue }
-           if (transformGeom.isEmpty()) { continue }
-           transGeomList.add(transformGeom);
-         }
-         return this._factory.buildGeometry(transGeomList)
-       };
-       GeometryTransformer.prototype.copy = function copy (seq) {
-         return seq.copy()
-       };
-       GeometryTransformer.prototype.transformGeometryCollection = function transformGeometryCollection (geom, parent) {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-         var transGeomList = new ArrayList();
-         for (var i = 0; i < geom.getNumGeometries(); i++) {
-           var transformGeom = this$1.transform(geom.getGeometryN(i));
-           if (transformGeom === null) { continue }
-           if (this$1._pruneEmptyGeometry && transformGeom.isEmpty()) { continue }
-           transGeomList.add(transformGeom);
-         }
-         if (this._preserveGeometryCollectionType) { return this._factory.createGeometryCollection(GeometryFactory.toGeometryArray(transGeomList)) }
-         return this._factory.buildGeometry(transGeomList)
-       };
-       GeometryTransformer.prototype.transform = function transform (inputGeom) {
-         this._inputGeom = inputGeom;
-         this._factory = inputGeom.getFactory();
-         if (inputGeom instanceof Point$1) { return this.transformPoint(inputGeom, null) }
-         if (inputGeom instanceof MultiPoint) { return this.transformMultiPoint(inputGeom, null) }
-         if (inputGeom instanceof LinearRing) { return this.transformLinearRing(inputGeom, null) }
-         if (inputGeom instanceof LineString) { return this.transformLineString(inputGeom, null) }
-         if (inputGeom instanceof MultiLineString) { return this.transformMultiLineString(inputGeom, null) }
-         if (inputGeom instanceof Polygon) { return this.transformPolygon(inputGeom, null) }
-         if (inputGeom instanceof MultiPolygon) { return this.transformMultiPolygon(inputGeom, null) }
-         if (inputGeom instanceof GeometryCollection) { return this.transformGeometryCollection(inputGeom, null) }
-         throw new IllegalArgumentException('Unknown Geometry subtype: ' + inputGeom.getClass().getName())
-       };
-       GeometryTransformer.prototype.transformLinearRing = function transformLinearRing (geom, parent) {
-         var seq = this.transformCoordinates(geom.getCoordinateSequence(), geom);
-         if (seq === null) { return this._factory.createLinearRing(null) }
-         var seqSize = seq.size();
-         if (seqSize > 0 && seqSize < 4 && !this._preserveType) { return this._factory.createLineString(seq) }
-         return this._factory.createLinearRing(seq)
-       };
-       GeometryTransformer.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       GeometryTransformer.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return GeometryTransformer
+       var Global$2 = util.Global;
+       var oldIEUserDataStorage = {
+         name: 'oldIE-userDataStorage',
+         write: write$3,
+         read: read$3,
+         each: each$3,
+         remove: remove$3,
+         clearAll: clearAll$3
        };
+       var storageName = 'storejs';
+       var doc$1 = Global$2.document;
 
-       var LineStringSnapper = function LineStringSnapper () {
-         this._snapTolerance = 0.0;
-         this._srcPts = null;
-         this._seg = new LineSegment();
-         this._allowSnappingToSourceVertices = false;
-         this._isClosed = false;
-         if (arguments[0] instanceof LineString && typeof arguments[1] === 'number') {
-           var srcLine = arguments[0];
-           var snapTolerance = arguments[1];
-           LineStringSnapper.call(this, srcLine.getCoordinates(), snapTolerance);
-         } else if (arguments[0] instanceof Array && typeof arguments[1] === 'number') {
-           var srcPts = arguments[0];
-           var snapTolerance$1 = arguments[1];
-           this._srcPts = srcPts;
-           this._isClosed = LineStringSnapper.isClosed(srcPts);
-           this._snapTolerance = snapTolerance$1;
-         }
-       };
-       LineStringSnapper.prototype.snapVertices = function snapVertices (srcCoords, snapPts) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+       var _withStorageEl = _makeIEStorageElFunction();
 
-         var end = this._isClosed ? srcCoords.size() - 1 : srcCoords.size();
-         for (var i = 0; i < end; i++) {
-           var srcPt = srcCoords.get(i);
-           var snapVert = this$1.findSnapForVertex(srcPt, snapPts);
-           if (snapVert !== null) {
-             srcCoords.set(i, new Coordinate(snapVert));
-             if (i === 0 && this$1._isClosed) { srcCoords.set(srcCoords.size() - 1, new Coordinate(snapVert)); }
-           }
-         }
-       };
-       LineStringSnapper.prototype.findSnapForVertex = function findSnapForVertex (pt, snapPts) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+       var disable = (Global$2.navigator ? Global$2.navigator.userAgent : '').match(/ (MSIE 8|MSIE 9|MSIE 10)\./); // MSIE 9.x, MSIE 10.x
 
-         for (var i = 0; i < snapPts.length; i++) {
-           if (pt.equals2D(snapPts[i])) { return null }
-           if (pt.distance(snapPts[i]) < this$1._snapTolerance) { return snapPts[i] }
+       function write$3(unfixedKey, data) {
+         if (disable) {
+           return;
          }
-         return null
-       };
-       LineStringSnapper.prototype.snapTo = function snapTo (snapPts) {
-         var coordList = new CoordinateList(this._srcPts);
-         this.snapVertices(coordList, snapPts);
-         this.snapSegments(coordList, snapPts);
-         var newPts = coordList.toCoordinateArray();
-         return newPts
-       };
-       LineStringSnapper.prototype.snapSegments = function snapSegments (srcCoords, snapPts) {
-           var this$1 = this;
 
-         if (snapPts.length === 0) { return null }
-         var distinctPtCount = snapPts.length;
-         if (snapPts[0].equals2D(snapPts[snapPts.length - 1])) { distinctPtCount = snapPts.length - 1; }
-         for (var i = 0; i < distinctPtCount; i++) {
-           var snapPt = snapPts[i];
-           var index = this$1.findSegmentIndexToSnap(snapPt, srcCoords);
-           if (index >= 0) {
-             srcCoords.add(index + 1, new Coordinate(snapPt), false);
-           }
+         var fixedKey = fixKey(unfixedKey);
+
+         _withStorageEl(function (storageEl) {
+           storageEl.setAttribute(fixedKey, data);
+           storageEl.save(storageName);
+         });
+       }
+
+       function read$3(unfixedKey) {
+         if (disable) {
+           return;
          }
-       };
-       LineStringSnapper.prototype.findSegmentIndexToSnap = function findSegmentIndexToSnap (snapPt, srcCoords) {
-           var this$1 = this;
 
-         var minDist = Double.MAX_VALUE;
-         var snapIndex = -1;
-         for (var i = 0; i < srcCoords.size() - 1; i++) {
-           this$1._seg.p0 = srcCoords.get(i);
-           this$1._seg.p1 = srcCoords.get(i + 1);
-           if (this$1._seg.p0.equals2D(snapPt) || this$1._seg.p1.equals2D(snapPt)) {
-             if (this$1._allowSnappingToSourceVertices) { continue; } else { return -1 }
+         var fixedKey = fixKey(unfixedKey);
+         var res = null;
+
+         _withStorageEl(function (storageEl) {
+           res = storageEl.getAttribute(fixedKey);
+         });
+
+         return res;
+       }
+
+       function each$3(callback) {
+         _withStorageEl(function (storageEl) {
+           var attributes = storageEl.XMLDocument.documentElement.attributes;
+
+           for (var i = attributes.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+             var attr = attributes[i];
+             callback(storageEl.getAttribute(attr.name), attr.name);
            }
-           var dist = this$1._seg.distance(snapPt);
-           if (dist < this$1._snapTolerance && dist < minDist) {
-             minDist = dist;
-             snapIndex = i;
+         });
+       }
+
+       function remove$3(unfixedKey) {
+         var fixedKey = fixKey(unfixedKey);
+
+         _withStorageEl(function (storageEl) {
+           storageEl.removeAttribute(fixedKey);
+           storageEl.save(storageName);
+         });
+       }
+
+       function clearAll$3() {
+         _withStorageEl(function (storageEl) {
+           var attributes = storageEl.XMLDocument.documentElement.attributes;
+           storageEl.load(storageName);
+
+           for (var i = attributes.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+             storageEl.removeAttribute(attributes[i].name);
            }
-         }
-         return snapIndex
-       };
-       LineStringSnapper.prototype.setAllowSnappingToSourceVertices = function setAllowSnappingToSourceVertices (allowSnappingToSourceVertices) {
-         this._allowSnappingToSourceVertices = allowSnappingToSourceVertices;
-       };
-       LineStringSnapper.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       LineStringSnapper.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return LineStringSnapper
-       };
-       LineStringSnapper.isClosed = function isClosed (pts) {
-         if (pts.length <= 1) { return false }
-         return pts[0].equals2D(pts[pts.length - 1])
-       };
 
-       var GeometrySnapper = function GeometrySnapper (srcGeom) {
-         this._srcGeom = srcGeom || null;
-       };
+           storageEl.save(storageName);
+         });
+       } // Helpers
+       //////////
+       // In IE7, keys cannot start with a digit or contain certain chars.
+       // See https://github.com/marcuswestin/store.js/issues/40
+       // See https://github.com/marcuswestin/store.js/issues/83
 
-       var staticAccessors$41 = { SNAP_PRECISION_FACTOR: { configurable: true } };
-       GeometrySnapper.prototype.snapTo = function snapTo (snapGeom, snapTolerance) {
-         var snapPts = this.extractTargetCoordinates(snapGeom);
-         var snapTrans = new SnapTransformer(snapTolerance, snapPts);
-         return snapTrans.transform(this._srcGeom)
-       };
-       GeometrySnapper.prototype.snapToSelf = function snapToSelf (snapTolerance, cleanResult) {
-         var snapPts = this.extractTargetCoordinates(this._srcGeom);
-         var snapTrans = new SnapTransformer(snapTolerance, snapPts, true);
-         var snappedGeom = snapTrans.transform(this._srcGeom);
-         var result = snappedGeom;
-         if (cleanResult && hasInterface(result, Polygonal)) {
-           result = snappedGeom.buffer(0);
-         }
-         return result
-       };
-       GeometrySnapper.prototype.computeSnapTolerance = function computeSnapTolerance (ringPts) {
-         var minSegLen = this.computeMinimumSegmentLength(ringPts);
-         var snapTol = minSegLen / 10;
-         return snapTol
-       };
-       GeometrySnapper.prototype.extractTargetCoordinates = function extractTargetCoordinates (g) {
-         var ptSet = new TreeSet();
-         var pts = g.getCoordinates();
-         for (var i = 0; i < pts.length; i++) {
-           ptSet.add(pts[i]);
-         }
-         return ptSet.toArray(new Array(0).fill(null))
-       };
-       GeometrySnapper.prototype.computeMinimumSegmentLength = function computeMinimumSegmentLength (pts) {
-         var minSegLen = Double.MAX_VALUE;
-         for (var i = 0; i < pts.length - 1; i++) {
-           var segLen = pts[i].distance(pts[i + 1]);
-           if (segLen < minSegLen) { minSegLen = segLen; }
-         }
-         return minSegLen
-       };
-       GeometrySnapper.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       GeometrySnapper.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return GeometrySnapper
-       };
-       GeometrySnapper.snap = function snap (g0, g1, snapTolerance) {
-         var snapGeom = new Array(2).fill(null);
-         var snapper0 = new GeometrySnapper(g0);
-         snapGeom[0] = snapper0.snapTo(g1, snapTolerance);
-         var snapper1 = new GeometrySnapper(g1);
-         snapGeom[1] = snapper1.snapTo(snapGeom[0], snapTolerance);
-         return snapGeom
-       };
-       GeometrySnapper.computeOverlaySnapTolerance = function computeOverlaySnapTolerance () {
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var g = arguments[0];
-           var snapTolerance = GeometrySnapper.computeSizeBasedSnapTolerance(g);
-           var pm = g.getPrecisionModel();
-           if (pm.getType() === PrecisionModel.FIXED) {
-             var fixedSnapTol = 1 / pm.getScale() * 2 / 1.415;
-             if (fixedSnapTol > snapTolerance) { snapTolerance = fixedSnapTol; }
-           }
-           return snapTolerance
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var g0 = arguments[0];
-           var g1 = arguments[1];
-           return Math.min(GeometrySnapper.computeOverlaySnapTolerance(g0), GeometrySnapper.computeOverlaySnapTolerance(g1))
-         }
-       };
-       GeometrySnapper.computeSizeBasedSnapTolerance = function computeSizeBasedSnapTolerance (g) {
-         var env = g.getEnvelopeInternal();
-         var minDimension = Math.min(env.getHeight(), env.getWidth());
-         var snapTol = minDimension * GeometrySnapper.SNAP_PRECISION_FACTOR;
-         return snapTol
-       };
-       GeometrySnapper.snapToSelf = function snapToSelf (geom, snapTolerance, cleanResult) {
-         var snapper0 = new GeometrySnapper(geom);
-         return snapper0.snapToSelf(snapTolerance, cleanResult)
-       };
-       staticAccessors$41.SNAP_PRECISION_FACTOR.get = function () { return 1e-9 };
 
-       Object.defineProperties( GeometrySnapper, staticAccessors$41 );
+       var forbiddenCharsRegex = new RegExp("[!\"#$%&'()*+,/\\\\:;<=>?@[\\]^`{|}~]", "g");
+
+       function fixKey(key) {
+         return key.replace(/^\d/, '___$&').replace(forbiddenCharsRegex, '___');
+       }
 
-       var SnapTransformer = (function (GeometryTransformer$$1) {
-         function SnapTransformer (snapTolerance, snapPts, isSelfSnap) {
-           GeometryTransformer$$1.call(this);
-           this._snapTolerance = snapTolerance || null;
-           this._snapPts = snapPts || null;
-           this._isSelfSnap = (isSelfSnap !== undefined) ? isSelfSnap : false;
+       function _makeIEStorageElFunction() {
+         if (!doc$1 || !doc$1.documentElement || !doc$1.documentElement.addBehavior) {
+           return null;
          }
 
-         if ( GeometryTransformer$$1 ) SnapTransformer.__proto__ = GeometryTransformer$$1;
-         SnapTransformer.prototype = Object.create( GeometryTransformer$$1 && GeometryTransformer$$1.prototype );
-         SnapTransformer.prototype.constructor = SnapTransformer;
-         SnapTransformer.prototype.snapLine = function snapLine (srcPts, snapPts) {
-           var snapper = new LineStringSnapper(srcPts, this._snapTolerance);
-           snapper.setAllowSnappingToSourceVertices(this._isSelfSnap);
-           return snapper.snapTo(snapPts)
-         };
-         SnapTransformer.prototype.transformCoordinates = function transformCoordinates (coords, parent) {
-           var srcPts = coords.toCoordinateArray();
-           var newPts = this.snapLine(srcPts, this._snapPts);
-           return this._factory.getCoordinateSequenceFactory().create(newPts)
-         };
-         SnapTransformer.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-           return []
-         };
-         SnapTransformer.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-           return SnapTransformer
+         var scriptTag = 'script',
+             storageOwner,
+             storageContainer,
+             storageEl; // Since #userData storage applies only to specific paths, we need to
+         // somehow link our data to a specific path.  We choose /favicon.ico
+         // as a pretty safe option, since all browsers already make a request to
+         // this URL anyway and being a 404 will not hurt us here.  We wrap an
+         // iframe pointing to the favicon in an ActiveXObject(htmlfile) object
+         // (see: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa752574(v=VS.85).aspx)
+         // since the iframe access rules appear to allow direct access and
+         // manipulation of the document element, even for a 404 page.  This
+         // document can be used instead of the current document (which would
+         // have been limited to the current path) to perform #userData storage.
+
+         try {
+           /* global ActiveXObject */
+           storageContainer = new ActiveXObject('htmlfile');
+           storageContainer.open();
+           storageContainer.write('<' + scriptTag + '>document.w=window</' + scriptTag + '><iframe src="/favicon.ico"></iframe>');
+           storageContainer.close();
+           storageOwner = storageContainer.w.frames[0].document;
+           storageEl = storageOwner.createElement('div');
+         } catch (e) {
+           // somehow ActiveXObject instantiation failed (perhaps some special
+           // security settings or otherwse), fall back to per-path storage
+           storageEl = doc$1.createElement('div');
+           storageOwner = doc$1.body;
+         }
+
+         return function (storeFunction) {
+           var args = [].slice.call(arguments, 0);
+           args.unshift(storageEl); // See http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms531081(v=VS.85).aspx
+           // and http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms531424(v=VS.85).aspx
+
+           storageOwner.appendChild(storageEl);
+           storageEl.addBehavior('#default#userData');
+           storageEl.load(storageName);
+           storeFunction.apply(this, args);
+           storageOwner.removeChild(storageEl);
+           return;
          };
+       }
 
-         return SnapTransformer;
-       }(GeometryTransformer));
+       // doesn't work but cookies do. This implementation is adopted from
+       // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Storage/LocalStorage
 
-       var CommonBits = function CommonBits () {
-         this._isFirst = true;
-         this._commonMantissaBitsCount = 53;
-         this._commonBits = 0;
-         this._commonSignExp = null;
-       };
-       CommonBits.prototype.getCommon = function getCommon () {
-         return Double.longBitsToDouble(this._commonBits)
-       };
-       CommonBits.prototype.add = function add (num) {
-         var numBits = Double.doubleToLongBits(num);
-         if (this._isFirst) {
-           this._commonBits = numBits;
-           this._commonSignExp = CommonBits.signExpBits(this._commonBits);
-           this._isFirst = false;
-           return null
-         }
-         var numSignExp = CommonBits.signExpBits(numBits);
-         if (numSignExp !== this._commonSignExp) {
-           this._commonBits = 0;
-           return null
-         }
-         this._commonMantissaBitsCount = CommonBits.numCommonMostSigMantissaBits(this._commonBits, numBits);
-         this._commonBits = CommonBits.zeroLowerBits(this._commonBits, 64 - (12 + this._commonMantissaBitsCount));
-       };
-       CommonBits.prototype.toString = function toString () {
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var bits = arguments[0];
-           var x = Double.longBitsToDouble(bits);
-           var numStr = Double.toBinaryString(bits);
-           var padStr = '0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000' + numStr;
-           var bitStr = padStr.substring(padStr.length - 64);
-           var str = bitStr.substring(0, 1) + '  ' + bitStr.substring(1, 12) + '(exp) ' + bitStr.substring(12) + ' [ ' + x + ' ]';
-           return str
-         }
-       };
-       CommonBits.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       CommonBits.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return CommonBits
-       };
-       CommonBits.getBit = function getBit (bits, i) {
-         var mask = 1 << i;
-         return (bits & mask) !== 0 ? 1 : 0
-       };
-       CommonBits.signExpBits = function signExpBits (num) {
-         return num >> 52
-       };
-       CommonBits.zeroLowerBits = function zeroLowerBits (bits, nBits) {
-         var invMask = (1 << nBits) - 1;
-         var mask = ~invMask;
-         var zeroed = bits & mask;
-         return zeroed
+       var Global$1 = util.Global;
+       var trim = util.trim;
+       var cookieStorage = {
+         name: 'cookieStorage',
+         read: read$2,
+         write: write$2,
+         each: each$2,
+         remove: remove$2,
+         clearAll: clearAll$2
        };
-       CommonBits.numCommonMostSigMantissaBits = function numCommonMostSigMantissaBits (num1, num2) {
-         var count = 0;
-         for (var i = 52; i >= 0; i--) {
-           if (CommonBits.getBit(num1, i) !== CommonBits.getBit(num2, i)) { return count }
-           count++;
+       var doc = Global$1.document;
+
+       function read$2(key) {
+         if (!key || !_has(key)) {
+           return null;
          }
-         return 52
-       };
 
-       var CommonBitsRemover = function CommonBitsRemover () {
-         this._commonCoord = null;
-         this._ccFilter = new CommonCoordinateFilter();
-       };
+         var regexpStr = "(?:^|.*;\\s*)" + escape(key).replace(/[\-\.\+\*]/g, "\\$&") + "\\s*\\=\\s*((?:[^;](?!;))*[^;]?).*";
+         return unescape(doc.cookie.replace(new RegExp(regexpStr), "$1"));
+       }
 
-       var staticAccessors$42 = { CommonCoordinateFilter: { configurable: true },Translater: { configurable: true } };
-       CommonBitsRemover.prototype.addCommonBits = function addCommonBits (geom) {
-         var trans = new Translater(this._commonCoord);
-         geom.apply(trans);
-         geom.geometryChanged();
-       };
-       CommonBitsRemover.prototype.removeCommonBits = function removeCommonBits (geom) {
-         if (this._commonCoord.x === 0.0 && this._commonCoord.y === 0.0) { return geom }
-         var invCoord = new Coordinate(this._commonCoord);
-         invCoord.x = -invCoord.x;
-         invCoord.y = -invCoord.y;
-         var trans = new Translater(invCoord);
-         geom.apply(trans);
-         geom.geometryChanged();
-         return geom
-       };
-       CommonBitsRemover.prototype.getCommonCoordinate = function getCommonCoordinate () {
-         return this._commonCoord
-       };
-       CommonBitsRemover.prototype.add = function add (geom) {
-         geom.apply(this._ccFilter);
-         this._commonCoord = this._ccFilter.getCommonCoordinate();
-       };
-       CommonBitsRemover.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       CommonBitsRemover.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return CommonBitsRemover
-       };
-       staticAccessors$42.CommonCoordinateFilter.get = function () { return CommonCoordinateFilter };
-       staticAccessors$42.Translater.get = function () { return Translater };
+       function each$2(callback) {
+         var cookies = doc.cookie.split(/; ?/g);
 
-       Object.defineProperties( CommonBitsRemover, staticAccessors$42 );
+         for (var i = cookies.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+           if (!trim(cookies[i])) {
+             continue;
+           }
 
-       var CommonCoordinateFilter = function CommonCoordinateFilter () {
-         this._commonBitsX = new CommonBits();
-         this._commonBitsY = new CommonBits();
-       };
-       CommonCoordinateFilter.prototype.filter = function filter (coord) {
-         this._commonBitsX.add(coord.x);
-         this._commonBitsY.add(coord.y);
-       };
-       CommonCoordinateFilter.prototype.getCommonCoordinate = function getCommonCoordinate () {
-         return new Coordinate(this._commonBitsX.getCommon(), this._commonBitsY.getCommon())
-       };
-       CommonCoordinateFilter.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [CoordinateFilter]
-       };
-       CommonCoordinateFilter.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return CommonCoordinateFilter
-       };
+           var kvp = cookies[i].split('=');
+           var key = unescape(kvp[0]);
+           var val = unescape(kvp[1]);
+           callback(val, key);
+         }
+       }
 
-       var Translater = function Translater () {
-         this.trans = null;
-         var trans = arguments[0];
-         this.trans = trans;
-       };
-       Translater.prototype.filter = function filter (seq, i) {
-         var xp = seq.getOrdinate(i, 0) + this.trans.x;
-         var yp = seq.getOrdinate(i, 1) + this.trans.y;
-         seq.setOrdinate(i, 0, xp);
-         seq.setOrdinate(i, 1, yp);
-       };
-       Translater.prototype.isDone = function isDone () {
-         return false
-       };
-       Translater.prototype.isGeometryChanged = function isGeometryChanged () {
-         return true
-       };
-       Translater.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [CoordinateSequenceFilter]
-       };
-       Translater.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return Translater
-       };
+       function write$2(key, data) {
+         if (!key) {
+           return;
+         }
 
-       var SnapOverlayOp = function SnapOverlayOp (g1, g2) {
-         this._geom = new Array(2).fill(null);
-         this._snapTolerance = null;
-         this._cbr = null;
-         this._geom[0] = g1;
-         this._geom[1] = g2;
-         this.computeSnapTolerance();
-       };
-       SnapOverlayOp.prototype.selfSnap = function selfSnap (geom) {
-         var snapper0 = new GeometrySnapper(geom);
-         var snapGeom = snapper0.snapTo(geom, this._snapTolerance);
-         return snapGeom
-       };
-       SnapOverlayOp.prototype.removeCommonBits = function removeCommonBits (geom) {
-         this._cbr = new CommonBitsRemover();
-         this._cbr.add(geom[0]);
-         this._cbr.add(geom[1]);
-         var remGeom = new Array(2).fill(null);
-         remGeom[0] = this._cbr.removeCommonBits(geom[0].copy());
-         remGeom[1] = this._cbr.removeCommonBits(geom[1].copy());
-         return remGeom
-       };
-       SnapOverlayOp.prototype.prepareResult = function prepareResult (geom) {
-         this._cbr.addCommonBits(geom);
-         return geom
-       };
-       SnapOverlayOp.prototype.getResultGeometry = function getResultGeometry (opCode) {
-         var prepGeom = this.snap(this._geom);
-         var result = OverlayOp.overlayOp(prepGeom[0], prepGeom[1], opCode);
-         return this.prepareResult(result)
-       };
-       SnapOverlayOp.prototype.checkValid = function checkValid (g) {
-         if (!g.isValid()) {
-           System.out.println('Snapped geometry is invalid');
+         doc.cookie = escape(key) + "=" + escape(data) + "; expires=Tue, 19 Jan 2038 03:14:07 GMT; path=/";
+       }
+
+       function remove$2(key) {
+         if (!key || !_has(key)) {
+           return;
          }
-       };
-       SnapOverlayOp.prototype.computeSnapTolerance = function computeSnapTolerance () {
-         this._snapTolerance = GeometrySnapper.computeOverlaySnapTolerance(this._geom[0], this._geom[1]);
-       };
-       SnapOverlayOp.prototype.snap = function snap (geom) {
-         var remGeom = this.removeCommonBits(geom);
-         var snapGeom = GeometrySnapper.snap(remGeom[0], remGeom[1], this._snapTolerance);
-         return snapGeom
-       };
-       SnapOverlayOp.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       SnapOverlayOp.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return SnapOverlayOp
-       };
-       SnapOverlayOp.overlayOp = function overlayOp (g0, g1, opCode) {
-         var op = new SnapOverlayOp(g0, g1);
-         return op.getResultGeometry(opCode)
-       };
-       SnapOverlayOp.union = function union (g0, g1) {
-         return SnapOverlayOp.overlayOp(g0, g1, OverlayOp.UNION)
-       };
-       SnapOverlayOp.intersection = function intersection (g0, g1) {
-         return SnapOverlayOp.overlayOp(g0, g1, OverlayOp.INTERSECTION)
-       };
-       SnapOverlayOp.symDifference = function symDifference (g0, g1) {
-         return SnapOverlayOp.overlayOp(g0, g1, OverlayOp.SYMDIFFERENCE)
-       };
-       SnapOverlayOp.difference = function difference (g0, g1) {
-         return SnapOverlayOp.overlayOp(g0, g1, OverlayOp.DIFFERENCE)
-       };
 
-       var SnapIfNeededOverlayOp = function SnapIfNeededOverlayOp (g1, g2) {
-         this._geom = new Array(2).fill(null);
-         this._geom[0] = g1;
-         this._geom[1] = g2;
-       };
-       SnapIfNeededOverlayOp.prototype.getResultGeometry = function getResultGeometry (opCode) {
-         var result = null;
-         var isSuccess = false;
-         var savedException = null;
-         try {
-           result = OverlayOp.overlayOp(this._geom[0], this._geom[1], opCode);
-           var isValid = true;
-           if (isValid) { isSuccess = true; }
-         } catch (ex) {
-           if (ex instanceof RuntimeException) {
-             savedException = ex;
-           } else { throw ex }
-         } finally {}
-         if (!isSuccess) {
-           try {
-             result = SnapOverlayOp.overlayOp(this._geom[0], this._geom[1], opCode);
-           } catch (ex) {
-             if (ex instanceof RuntimeException) {
-               throw savedException
-             } else { throw ex }
-           } finally {}
-         }
-         return result
-       };
-       SnapIfNeededOverlayOp.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       SnapIfNeededOverlayOp.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return SnapIfNeededOverlayOp
-       };
-       SnapIfNeededOverlayOp.overlayOp = function overlayOp (g0, g1, opCode) {
-         var op = new SnapIfNeededOverlayOp(g0, g1);
-         return op.getResultGeometry(opCode)
-       };
-       SnapIfNeededOverlayOp.union = function union (g0, g1) {
-         return SnapIfNeededOverlayOp.overlayOp(g0, g1, OverlayOp.UNION)
-       };
-       SnapIfNeededOverlayOp.intersection = function intersection (g0, g1) {
-         return SnapIfNeededOverlayOp.overlayOp(g0, g1, OverlayOp.INTERSECTION)
-       };
-       SnapIfNeededOverlayOp.symDifference = function symDifference (g0, g1) {
-         return SnapIfNeededOverlayOp.overlayOp(g0, g1, OverlayOp.SYMDIFFERENCE)
-       };
-       SnapIfNeededOverlayOp.difference = function difference (g0, g1) {
-         return SnapIfNeededOverlayOp.overlayOp(g0, g1, OverlayOp.DIFFERENCE)
-       };
+         doc.cookie = escape(key) + "=; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT; path=/";
+       }
 
-       var MonotoneChain$2 = function MonotoneChain () {
-         this.mce = null;
-         this.chainIndex = null;
-         var mce = arguments[0];
-         var chainIndex = arguments[1];
-         this.mce = mce;
-         this.chainIndex = chainIndex;
-       };
-       MonotoneChain$2.prototype.computeIntersections = function computeIntersections (mc, si) {
-         this.mce.computeIntersectsForChain(this.chainIndex, mc.mce, mc.chainIndex, si);
-       };
-       MonotoneChain$2.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       MonotoneChain$2.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return MonotoneChain$2
-       };
+       function clearAll$2() {
+         each$2(function (_, key) {
+           remove$2(key);
+         });
+       }
 
-       var SweepLineEvent = function SweepLineEvent () {
-         this._label = null;
-         this._xValue = null;
-         this._eventType = null;
-         this._insertEvent = null;
-         this._deleteEventIndex = null;
-         this._obj = null;
-         if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var x = arguments[0];
-           var insertEvent = arguments[1];
-           this._eventType = SweepLineEvent.DELETE;
-           this._xValue = x;
-           this._insertEvent = insertEvent;
-         } else if (arguments.length === 3) {
-           var label = arguments[0];
-           var x$1 = arguments[1];
-           var obj = arguments[2];
-           this._eventType = SweepLineEvent.INSERT;
-           this._label = label;
-           this._xValue = x$1;
-           this._obj = obj;
-         }
-       };
+       function _has(key) {
+         return new RegExp("(?:^|;\\s*)" + escape(key).replace(/[\-\.\+\*]/g, "\\$&") + "\\s*\\=").test(doc.cookie);
+       }
 
-       var staticAccessors$43 = { INSERT: { configurable: true },DELETE: { configurable: true } };
-       SweepLineEvent.prototype.isDelete = function isDelete () {
-         return this._eventType === SweepLineEvent.DELETE
-       };
-       SweepLineEvent.prototype.setDeleteEventIndex = function setDeleteEventIndex (deleteEventIndex) {
-         this._deleteEventIndex = deleteEventIndex;
-       };
-       SweepLineEvent.prototype.getObject = function getObject () {
-         return this._obj
-       };
-       SweepLineEvent.prototype.compareTo = function compareTo (o) {
-         var pe = o;
-         if (this._xValue < pe._xValue) { return -1 }
-         if (this._xValue > pe._xValue) { return 1 }
-         if (this._eventType < pe._eventType) { return -1 }
-         if (this._eventType > pe._eventType) { return 1 }
-         return 0
-       };
-       SweepLineEvent.prototype.getInsertEvent = function getInsertEvent () {
-         return this._insertEvent
-       };
-       SweepLineEvent.prototype.isInsert = function isInsert () {
-         return this._eventType === SweepLineEvent.INSERT
-       };
-       SweepLineEvent.prototype.isSameLabel = function isSameLabel (ev) {
-         if (this._label === null) { return false }
-         return this._label === ev._label
-       };
-       SweepLineEvent.prototype.getDeleteEventIndex = function getDeleteEventIndex () {
-         return this._deleteEventIndex
-       };
-       SweepLineEvent.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [Comparable]
-       };
-       SweepLineEvent.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return SweepLineEvent
+       var Global = util.Global;
+       var sessionStorage_1 = {
+         name: 'sessionStorage',
+         read: read$1,
+         write: write$1,
+         each: each$1,
+         remove: remove$1,
+         clearAll: clearAll$1
        };
-       staticAccessors$43.INSERT.get = function () { return 1 };
-       staticAccessors$43.DELETE.get = function () { return 2 };
 
-       Object.defineProperties( SweepLineEvent, staticAccessors$43 );
+       function sessionStorage() {
+         return Global.sessionStorage;
+       }
 
-       var EdgeSetIntersector = function EdgeSetIntersector () {};
+       function read$1(key) {
+         return sessionStorage().getItem(key);
+       }
 
-       EdgeSetIntersector.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       EdgeSetIntersector.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return EdgeSetIntersector
-       };
+       function write$1(key, data) {
+         return sessionStorage().setItem(key, data);
+       }
 
-       var SegmentIntersector$2 = function SegmentIntersector () {
-         this._hasIntersection = false;
-         this._hasProper = false;
-         this._hasProperInterior = false;
-         this._properIntersectionPoint = null;
-         this._li = null;
-         this._includeProper = null;
-         this._recordIsolated = null;
-         this._isSelfIntersection = null;
-         this._numIntersections = 0;
-         this.numTests = 0;
-         this._bdyNodes = null;
-         this._isDone = false;
-         this._isDoneWhenProperInt = false;
-         var li = arguments[0];
-         var includeProper = arguments[1];
-         var recordIsolated = arguments[2];
-         this._li = li;
-         this._includeProper = includeProper;
-         this._recordIsolated = recordIsolated;
-       };
-       SegmentIntersector$2.prototype.isTrivialIntersection = function isTrivialIntersection (e0, segIndex0, e1, segIndex1) {
-         if (e0 === e1) {
-           if (this._li.getIntersectionNum() === 1) {
-             if (SegmentIntersector$2.isAdjacentSegments(segIndex0, segIndex1)) { return true }
-             if (e0.isClosed()) {
-               var maxSegIndex = e0.getNumPoints() - 1;
-               if ((segIndex0 === 0 && segIndex1 === maxSegIndex) ||
-                   (segIndex1 === 0 && segIndex0 === maxSegIndex)) {
-                 return true
-               }
-             }
-           }
-         }
-         return false
-       };
-       SegmentIntersector$2.prototype.getProperIntersectionPoint = function getProperIntersectionPoint () {
-         return this._properIntersectionPoint
-       };
-       SegmentIntersector$2.prototype.setIsDoneIfProperInt = function setIsDoneIfProperInt (isDoneWhenProperInt) {
-         this._isDoneWhenProperInt = isDoneWhenProperInt;
-       };
-       SegmentIntersector$2.prototype.hasProperInteriorIntersection = function hasProperInteriorIntersection () {
-         return this._hasProperInterior
-       };
-       SegmentIntersector$2.prototype.isBoundaryPointInternal = function isBoundaryPointInternal (li, bdyNodes) {
-         for (var i = bdyNodes.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
-           var node = i.next();
-           var pt = node.getCoordinate();
-           if (li.isIntersection(pt)) { return true }
+       function each$1(fn) {
+         for (var i = sessionStorage().length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+           var key = sessionStorage().key(i);
+           fn(read$1(key), key);
          }
-         return false
-       };
-       SegmentIntersector$2.prototype.hasProperIntersection = function hasProperIntersection () {
-         return this._hasProper
-       };
-       SegmentIntersector$2.prototype.hasIntersection = function hasIntersection () {
-         return this._hasIntersection
-       };
-       SegmentIntersector$2.prototype.isDone = function isDone () {
-         return this._isDone
-       };
-       SegmentIntersector$2.prototype.isBoundaryPoint = function isBoundaryPoint (li, bdyNodes) {
-         if (bdyNodes === null) { return false }
-         if (this.isBoundaryPointInternal(li, bdyNodes[0])) { return true }
-         if (this.isBoundaryPointInternal(li, bdyNodes[1])) { return true }
-         return false
-       };
-       SegmentIntersector$2.prototype.setBoundaryNodes = function setBoundaryNodes (bdyNodes0, bdyNodes1) {
-         this._bdyNodes = new Array(2).fill(null);
-         this._bdyNodes[0] = bdyNodes0;
-         this._bdyNodes[1] = bdyNodes1;
+       }
+
+       function remove$1(key) {
+         return sessionStorage().removeItem(key);
+       }
+
+       function clearAll$1() {
+         return sessionStorage().clear();
+       }
+
+       // memoryStorage is a useful last fallback to ensure that the store
+       // is functions (meaning store.get(), store.set(), etc will all function).
+       // However, stored values will not persist when the browser navigates to
+       // a new page or reloads the current page.
+       var memoryStorage_1 = {
+         name: 'memoryStorage',
+         read: read,
+         write: write,
+         each: each,
+         remove: remove,
+         clearAll: clearAll
        };
-       SegmentIntersector$2.prototype.addIntersections = function addIntersections (e0, segIndex0, e1, segIndex1) {
-         if (e0 === e1 && segIndex0 === segIndex1) { return null }
-         this.numTests++;
-         var p00 = e0.getCoordinates()[segIndex0];
-         var p01 = e0.getCoordinates()[segIndex0 + 1];
-         var p10 = e1.getCoordinates()[segIndex1];
-         var p11 = e1.getCoordinates()[segIndex1 + 1];
-         this._li.computeIntersection(p00, p01, p10, p11);
-         if (this._li.hasIntersection()) {
-           if (this._recordIsolated) {
-             e0.setIsolated(false);
-             e1.setIsolated(false);
-           }
-           this._numIntersections++;
-           if (!this.isTrivialIntersection(e0, segIndex0, e1, segIndex1)) {
-             this._hasIntersection = true;
-             if (this._includeProper || !this._li.isProper()) {
-               e0.addIntersections(this._li, segIndex0, 0);
-               e1.addIntersections(this._li, segIndex1, 1);
-             }
-             if (this._li.isProper()) {
-               this._properIntersectionPoint = this._li.getIntersection(0).copy();
-               this._hasProper = true;
-               if (this._isDoneWhenProperInt) {
-                 this._isDone = true;
-               }
-               if (!this.isBoundaryPoint(this._li, this._bdyNodes)) { this._hasProperInterior = true; }
-             }
+       var memoryStorage = {};
+
+       function read(key) {
+         return memoryStorage[key];
+       }
+
+       function write(key, data) {
+         memoryStorage[key] = data;
+       }
+
+       function each(callback) {
+         for (var key in memoryStorage) {
+           if (memoryStorage.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
+             callback(memoryStorage[key], key);
            }
          }
-       };
-       SegmentIntersector$2.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       SegmentIntersector$2.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return SegmentIntersector$2
-       };
-       SegmentIntersector$2.isAdjacentSegments = function isAdjacentSegments (i1, i2) {
-         return Math.abs(i1 - i2) === 1
-       };
+       }
 
-       var SimpleMCSweepLineIntersector = (function (EdgeSetIntersector$$1) {
-         function SimpleMCSweepLineIntersector () {
-           EdgeSetIntersector$$1.call(this);
-           this.events = new ArrayList();
-           this.nOverlaps = null;
-         }
+       function remove(key) {
+         delete memoryStorage[key];
+       }
 
-         if ( EdgeSetIntersector$$1 ) SimpleMCSweepLineIntersector.__proto__ = EdgeSetIntersector$$1;
-         SimpleMCSweepLineIntersector.prototype = Object.create( EdgeSetIntersector$$1 && EdgeSetIntersector$$1.prototype );
-         SimpleMCSweepLineIntersector.prototype.constructor = SimpleMCSweepLineIntersector;
-         SimpleMCSweepLineIntersector.prototype.prepareEvents = function prepareEvents () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+       function clearAll(key) {
+         memoryStorage = {};
+       }
 
-           Collections.sort(this.events);
-           for (var i = 0; i < this.events.size(); i++) {
-             var ev = this$1.events.get(i);
-             if (ev.isDelete()) {
-               ev.getInsertEvent().setDeleteEventIndex(i);
-             }
-           }
-         };
-         SimpleMCSweepLineIntersector.prototype.computeIntersections = function computeIntersections () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+       var all = [// Listed in order of usage preference
+       localStorage_1, oldFFGlobalStorage, oldIEUserDataStorage, cookieStorage, sessionStorage_1, memoryStorage_1];
 
-           if (arguments.length === 1) {
-             var si = arguments[0];
-             this.nOverlaps = 0;
-             this.prepareEvents();
-             for (var i = 0; i < this.events.size(); i++) {
-               var ev = this$1.events.get(i);
-               if (ev.isInsert()) {
-                 this$1.processOverlaps(i, ev.getDeleteEventIndex(), ev, si);
-               }
-               if (si.isDone()) {
-                 break
-               }
-             }
-           } else if (arguments.length === 3) {
-             if (arguments[2] instanceof SegmentIntersector$2 && (hasInterface(arguments[0], List) && hasInterface(arguments[1], List))) {
-               var edges0 = arguments[0];
-               var edges1 = arguments[1];
-               var si$1 = arguments[2];
-               this.addEdges(edges0, edges0);
-               this.addEdges(edges1, edges1);
-               this.computeIntersections(si$1);
-             } else if (typeof arguments[2] === 'boolean' && (hasInterface(arguments[0], List) && arguments[1] instanceof SegmentIntersector$2)) {
-               var edges = arguments[0];
-               var si$2 = arguments[1];
-               var testAllSegments = arguments[2];
-               if (testAllSegments) { this.addEdges(edges, null); } else { this.addEdges(edges); }
-               this.computeIntersections(si$2);
-             }
-           }
-         };
-         SimpleMCSweepLineIntersector.prototype.addEdge = function addEdge (edge, edgeSet) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+       /* eslint-disable */
+       //  json2.js
+       //  2016-10-28
+       //  Public Domain.
+       //  NO WARRANTY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. USE AT YOUR OWN RISK.
+       //  See http://www.JSON.org/js.html
+       //  This code should be minified before deployment.
+       //  See http://javascript.crockford.com/jsmin.html
+       //  USE YOUR OWN COPY. IT IS EXTREMELY UNWISE TO LOAD CODE FROM SERVERS YOU DO
+       //  NOT CONTROL.
+       //  This file creates a global JSON object containing two methods: stringify
+       //  and parse. This file provides the ES5 JSON capability to ES3 systems.
+       //  If a project might run on IE8 or earlier, then this file should be included.
+       //  This file does nothing on ES5 systems.
+       //      JSON.stringify(value, replacer, space)
+       //          value       any JavaScript value, usually an object or array.
+       //          replacer    an optional parameter that determines how object
+       //                      values are stringified for objects. It can be a
+       //                      function or an array of strings.
+       //          space       an optional parameter that specifies the indentation
+       //                      of nested structures. If it is omitted, the text will
+       //                      be packed without extra whitespace. If it is a number,
+       //                      it will specify the number of spaces to indent at each
+       //                      level. If it is a string (such as "\t" or "&nbsp;"),
+       //                      it contains the characters used to indent at each level.
+       //          This method produces a JSON text from a JavaScript value.
+       //          When an object value is found, if the object contains a toJSON
+       //          method, its toJSON method will be called and the result will be
+       //          stringified. A toJSON method does not serialize: it returns the
+       //          value represented by the name/value pair that should be serialized,
+       //          or undefined if nothing should be serialized. The toJSON method
+       //          will be passed the key associated with the value, and this will be
+       //          bound to the value.
+       //          For example, this would serialize Dates as ISO strings.
+       //              Date.prototype.toJSON = function (key) {
+       //                  function f(n) {
+       //                      // Format integers to have at least two digits.
+       //                      return (n < 10)
+       //                          ? "0" + n
+       //                          : n;
+       //                  }
+       //                  return this.getUTCFullYear()   + "-" +
+       //                       f(this.getUTCMonth() + 1) + "-" +
+       //                       f(this.getUTCDate())      + "T" +
+       //                       f(this.getUTCHours())     + ":" +
+       //                       f(this.getUTCMinutes())   + ":" +
+       //                       f(this.getUTCSeconds())   + "Z";
+       //              };
+       //          You can provide an optional replacer method. It will be passed the
+       //          key and value of each member, with this bound to the containing
+       //          object. The value that is returned from your method will be
+       //          serialized. If your method returns undefined, then the member will
+       //          be excluded from the serialization.
+       //          If the replacer parameter is an array of strings, then it will be
+       //          used to select the members to be serialized. It filters the results
+       //          such that only members with keys listed in the replacer array are
+       //          stringified.
+       //          Values that do not have JSON representations, such as undefined or
+       //          functions, will not be serialized. Such values in objects will be
+       //          dropped; in arrays they will be replaced with null. You can use
+       //          a replacer function to replace those with JSON values.
+       //          JSON.stringify(undefined) returns undefined.
+       //          The optional space parameter produces a stringification of the
+       //          value that is filled with line breaks and indentation to make it
+       //          easier to read.
+       //          If the space parameter is a non-empty string, then that string will
+       //          be used for indentation. If the space parameter is a number, then
+       //          the indentation will be that many spaces.
+       //          Example:
+       //          text = JSON.stringify(["e", {pluribus: "unum"}]);
+       //          // text is '["e",{"pluribus":"unum"}]'
+       //          text = JSON.stringify(["e", {pluribus: "unum"}], null, "\t");
+       //          // text is '[\n\t"e",\n\t{\n\t\t"pluribus": "unum"\n\t}\n]'
+       //          text = JSON.stringify([new Date()], function (key, value) {
+       //              return this[key] instanceof Date
+       //                  ? "Date(" + this[key] + ")"
+       //                  : value;
+       //          });
+       //          // text is '["Date(---current time---)"]'
+       //      JSON.parse(text, reviver)
+       //          This method parses a JSON text to produce an object or array.
+       //          It can throw a SyntaxError exception.
+       //          The optional reviver parameter is a function that can filter and
+       //          transform the results. It receives each of the keys and values,
+       //          and its return value is used instead of the original value.
+       //          If it returns what it received, then the structure is not modified.
+       //          If it returns undefined then the member is deleted.
+       //          Example:
+       //          // Parse the text. Values that look like ISO date strings will
+       //          // be converted to Date objects.
+       //          myData = JSON.parse(text, function (key, value) {
+       //              var a;
+       //              if (typeof value === "string") {
+       //                  a =
+       //   /^(\d{4})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})T(\d{2}):(\d{2}):(\d{2}(?:\.\d*)?)Z$/.exec(value);
+       //                  if (a) {
+       //                      return new Date(Date.UTC(+a[1], +a[2] - 1, +a[3], +a[4],
+       //                          +a[5], +a[6]));
+       //                  }
+       //              }
+       //              return value;
+       //          });
+       //          myData = JSON.parse('["Date(09/09/2001)"]', function (key, value) {
+       //              var d;
+       //              if (typeof value === "string" &&
+       //                      value.slice(0, 5) === "Date(" &&
+       //                      value.slice(-1) === ")") {
+       //                  d = new Date(value.slice(5, -1));
+       //                  if (d) {
+       //                      return d;
+       //                  }
+       //              }
+       //              return value;
+       //          });
+       //  This is a reference implementation. You are free to copy, modify, or
+       //  redistribute.
 
-           var mce = edge.getMonotoneChainEdge();
-           var startIndex = mce.getStartIndexes();
-           for (var i = 0; i < startIndex.length - 1; i++) {
-             var mc = new MonotoneChain$2(mce, i);
-             var insertEvent = new SweepLineEvent(edgeSet, mce.getMinX(i), mc);
-             this$1.events.add(insertEvent);
-             this$1.events.add(new SweepLineEvent(mce.getMaxX(i), insertEvent));
-           }
-         };
-         SimpleMCSweepLineIntersector.prototype.processOverlaps = function processOverlaps (start, end, ev0, si) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+       /*jslint
+           eval, for, this
+       */
 
-           var mc0 = ev0.getObject();
-           for (var i = start; i < end; i++) {
-             var ev1 = this$1.events.get(i);
-             if (ev1.isInsert()) {
-               var mc1 = ev1.getObject();
-               if (!ev0.isSameLabel(ev1)) {
-                 mc0.computeIntersections(mc1, si);
-                 this$1.nOverlaps++;
-               }
-             }
-           }
-         };
-         SimpleMCSweepLineIntersector.prototype.addEdges = function addEdges () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+       /*property
+           JSON, apply, call, charCodeAt, getUTCDate, getUTCFullYear, getUTCHours,
+           getUTCMinutes, getUTCMonth, getUTCSeconds, hasOwnProperty, join,
+           lastIndex, length, parse, prototype, push, replace, slice, stringify,
+           test, toJSON, toString, valueOf
+       */
+       // Create a JSON object only if one does not already exist. We create the
+       // methods in a closure to avoid creating global variables.
+       if ((typeof JSON === "undefined" ? "undefined" : _typeof(JSON)) !== "object") {
+         JSON = {};
+       }
 
-           if (arguments.length === 1) {
-             var edges = arguments[0];
-             for (var i = edges.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
-               var edge = i.next();
-               this$1.addEdge(edge, edge);
-             }
-           } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-             var edges$1 = arguments[0];
-             var edgeSet = arguments[1];
-             for (var i$1 = edges$1.iterator(); i$1.hasNext();) {
-               var edge$1 = i$1.next();
-               this$1.addEdge(edge$1, edgeSet);
-             }
-           }
-         };
-         SimpleMCSweepLineIntersector.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-           return []
-         };
-         SimpleMCSweepLineIntersector.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-           return SimpleMCSweepLineIntersector
-         };
+       (function () {
+
+         var rx_one = /^[\],:{}\s]*$/;
+         var rx_two = /\\(?:["\\\/bfnrt]|u[0-9a-fA-F]{4})/g;
+         var rx_three = /"[^"\\\n\r]*"|true|false|null|-?\d+(?:\.\d*)?(?:[eE][+\-]?\d+)?/g;
+         var rx_four = /(?:^|:|,)(?:\s*\[)+/g;
+         var rx_escapable = /[\\"\u0000-\u001f\u007f-\u009f\u00ad\u0600-\u0604\u070f\u17b4\u17b5\u200c-\u200f\u2028-\u202f\u2060-\u206f\ufeff\ufff0-\uffff]/g;
+         var rx_dangerous = /[\u0000\u00ad\u0600-\u0604\u070f\u17b4\u17b5\u200c-\u200f\u2028-\u202f\u2060-\u206f\ufeff\ufff0-\uffff]/g;
+
+         function f(n) {
+           // Format integers to have at least two digits.
+           return n < 10 ? "0" + n : n;
+         }
+
+         function this_value() {
+           return this.valueOf();
+         }
 
-         return SimpleMCSweepLineIntersector;
-       }(EdgeSetIntersector));
+         if (typeof Date.prototype.toJSON !== "function") {
+           Date.prototype.toJSON = function () {
+             return isFinite(this.valueOf()) ? this.getUTCFullYear() + "-" + f(this.getUTCMonth() + 1) + "-" + f(this.getUTCDate()) + "T" + f(this.getUTCHours()) + ":" + f(this.getUTCMinutes()) + ":" + f(this.getUTCSeconds()) + "Z" : null;
+           };
 
-       var IntervalRTreeNode = function IntervalRTreeNode () {
-         this._min = Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
-         this._max = Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
-       };
+           Boolean.prototype.toJSON = this_value;
+           Number.prototype.toJSON = this_value;
+           String.prototype.toJSON = this_value;
+         }
 
-       var staticAccessors$45 = { NodeComparator: { configurable: true } };
-       IntervalRTreeNode.prototype.getMin = function getMin () {
-         return this._min
-       };
-       IntervalRTreeNode.prototype.intersects = function intersects (queryMin, queryMax) {
-         if (this._min > queryMax || this._max < queryMin) { return false }
-         return true
-       };
-       IntervalRTreeNode.prototype.getMax = function getMax () {
-         return this._max
-       };
-       IntervalRTreeNode.prototype.toString = function toString () {
-         return WKTWriter.toLineString(new Coordinate(this._min, 0), new Coordinate(this._max, 0))
-       };
-       IntervalRTreeNode.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       IntervalRTreeNode.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return IntervalRTreeNode
-       };
-       staticAccessors$45.NodeComparator.get = function () { return NodeComparator };
+         var gap;
+         var indent;
+         var meta;
+         var rep;
 
-       Object.defineProperties( IntervalRTreeNode, staticAccessors$45 );
+         function quote(string) {
+           // If the string contains no control characters, no quote characters, and no
+           // backslash characters, then we can safely slap some quotes around it.
+           // Otherwise we must also replace the offending characters with safe escape
+           // sequences.
+           rx_escapable.lastIndex = 0;
+           return rx_escapable.test(string) ? "\"" + string.replace(rx_escapable, function (a) {
+             var c = meta[a];
+             return typeof c === "string" ? c : "\\u" + ("0000" + a.charCodeAt(0).toString(16)).slice(-4);
+           }) + "\"" : "\"" + string + "\"";
+         }
 
-       var NodeComparator = function NodeComparator () {};
+         function str(key, holder) {
+           // Produce a string from holder[key].
+           var i; // The loop counter.
 
-       NodeComparator.prototype.compare = function compare (o1, o2) {
-         var n1 = o1;
-         var n2 = o2;
-         var mid1 = (n1._min + n1._max) / 2;
-         var mid2 = (n2._min + n2._max) / 2;
-         if (mid1 < mid2) { return -1 }
-         if (mid1 > mid2) { return 1 }
-         return 0
-       };
-       NodeComparator.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [Comparator]
-       };
-       NodeComparator.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return NodeComparator
-       };
+           var k; // The member key.
 
-       var IntervalRTreeLeafNode = (function (IntervalRTreeNode$$1) {
-         function IntervalRTreeLeafNode () {
-           IntervalRTreeNode$$1.call(this);
-           this._item = null;
-           var min = arguments[0];
-           var max = arguments[1];
-           var item = arguments[2];
-           this._min = min;
-           this._max = max;
-           this._item = item;
-         }
+           var v; // The member value.
 
-         if ( IntervalRTreeNode$$1 ) IntervalRTreeLeafNode.__proto__ = IntervalRTreeNode$$1;
-         IntervalRTreeLeafNode.prototype = Object.create( IntervalRTreeNode$$1 && IntervalRTreeNode$$1.prototype );
-         IntervalRTreeLeafNode.prototype.constructor = IntervalRTreeLeafNode;
-         IntervalRTreeLeafNode.prototype.query = function query (queryMin, queryMax, visitor) {
-           if (!this.intersects(queryMin, queryMax)) { return null }
-           visitor.visitItem(this._item);
-         };
-         IntervalRTreeLeafNode.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-           return []
-         };
-         IntervalRTreeLeafNode.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-           return IntervalRTreeLeafNode
-         };
+           var length;
+           var mind = gap;
+           var partial;
+           var value = holder[key]; // If the value has a toJSON method, call it to obtain a replacement value.
 
-         return IntervalRTreeLeafNode;
-       }(IntervalRTreeNode));
+           if (value && _typeof(value) === "object" && typeof value.toJSON === "function") {
+             value = value.toJSON(key);
+           } // If we were called with a replacer function, then call the replacer to
+           // obtain a replacement value.
 
-       var IntervalRTreeBranchNode = (function (IntervalRTreeNode$$1) {
-         function IntervalRTreeBranchNode () {
-           IntervalRTreeNode$$1.call(this);
-           this._node1 = null;
-           this._node2 = null;
-           var n1 = arguments[0];
-           var n2 = arguments[1];
-           this._node1 = n1;
-           this._node2 = n2;
-           this.buildExtent(this._node1, this._node2);
-         }
 
-         if ( IntervalRTreeNode$$1 ) IntervalRTreeBranchNode.__proto__ = IntervalRTreeNode$$1;
-         IntervalRTreeBranchNode.prototype = Object.create( IntervalRTreeNode$$1 && IntervalRTreeNode$$1.prototype );
-         IntervalRTreeBranchNode.prototype.constructor = IntervalRTreeBranchNode;
-         IntervalRTreeBranchNode.prototype.buildExtent = function buildExtent (n1, n2) {
-           this._min = Math.min(n1._min, n2._min);
-           this._max = Math.max(n1._max, n2._max);
-         };
-         IntervalRTreeBranchNode.prototype.query = function query (queryMin, queryMax, visitor) {
-           if (!this.intersects(queryMin, queryMax)) {
-             return null
-           }
-           if (this._node1 !== null) { this._node1.query(queryMin, queryMax, visitor); }
-           if (this._node2 !== null) { this._node2.query(queryMin, queryMax, visitor); }
-         };
-         IntervalRTreeBranchNode.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-           return []
-         };
-         IntervalRTreeBranchNode.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-           return IntervalRTreeBranchNode
-         };
+           if (typeof rep === "function") {
+             value = rep.call(holder, key, value);
+           } // What happens next depends on the value's type.
 
-         return IntervalRTreeBranchNode;
-       }(IntervalRTreeNode));
 
-       var SortedPackedIntervalRTree = function SortedPackedIntervalRTree () {
-         this._leaves = new ArrayList();
-         this._root = null;
-         this._level = 0;
-       };
-       SortedPackedIntervalRTree.prototype.buildTree = function buildTree () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+           switch (_typeof(value)) {
+             case "string":
+               return quote(value);
 
-         Collections.sort(this._leaves, new IntervalRTreeNode.NodeComparator());
-         var src = this._leaves;
-         var temp = null;
-         var dest = new ArrayList();
-         while (true) {
-           this$1.buildLevel(src, dest);
-           if (dest.size() === 1) { return dest.get(0) }
-           temp = src;
-           src = dest;
-           dest = temp;
-         }
-       };
-       SortedPackedIntervalRTree.prototype.insert = function insert (min, max, item) {
-         if (this._root !== null) { throw new Error('Index cannot be added to once it has been queried') }
-         this._leaves.add(new IntervalRTreeLeafNode(min, max, item));
-       };
-       SortedPackedIntervalRTree.prototype.query = function query (min, max, visitor) {
-         this.init();
-         this._root.query(min, max, visitor);
-       };
-       SortedPackedIntervalRTree.prototype.buildRoot = function buildRoot () {
-         if (this._root !== null) { return null }
-         this._root = this.buildTree();
-       };
-       SortedPackedIntervalRTree.prototype.printNode = function printNode (node) {
-         System.out.println(WKTWriter.toLineString(new Coordinate(node._min, this._level), new Coordinate(node._max, this._level)));
-       };
-       SortedPackedIntervalRTree.prototype.init = function init () {
-         if (this._root !== null) { return null }
-         this.buildRoot();
-       };
-       SortedPackedIntervalRTree.prototype.buildLevel = function buildLevel (src, dest) {
-         this._level++;
-         dest.clear();
-         for (var i = 0; i < src.size(); i += 2) {
-           var n1 = src.get(i);
-           var n2 = i + 1 < src.size() ? src.get(i) : null;
-           if (n2 === null) {
-             dest.add(n1);
-           } else {
-             var node = new IntervalRTreeBranchNode(src.get(i), src.get(i + 1));
-             dest.add(node);
-           }
-         }
-       };
-       SortedPackedIntervalRTree.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       SortedPackedIntervalRTree.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return SortedPackedIntervalRTree
-       };
+             case "number":
+               // JSON numbers must be finite. Encode non-finite numbers as null.
+               return isFinite(value) ? String(value) : "null";
 
-       var ArrayListVisitor = function ArrayListVisitor () {
-         this._items = new ArrayList();
-       };
-       ArrayListVisitor.prototype.visitItem = function visitItem (item) {
-         this._items.add(item);
-       };
-       ArrayListVisitor.prototype.getItems = function getItems () {
-         return this._items
-       };
-       ArrayListVisitor.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [ItemVisitor]
-       };
-       ArrayListVisitor.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return ArrayListVisitor
-       };
+             case "boolean":
+             case "null":
+               // If the value is a boolean or null, convert it to a string. Note:
+               // typeof null does not produce "null". The case is included here in
+               // the remote chance that this gets fixed someday.
+               return String(value);
+             // If the type is "object", we might be dealing with an object or an array or
+             // null.
 
-       var IndexedPointInAreaLocator = function IndexedPointInAreaLocator () {
-         this._index = null;
-         var g = arguments[0];
-         if (!hasInterface(g, Polygonal)) { throw new IllegalArgumentException('Argument must be Polygonal') }
-         this._index = new IntervalIndexedGeometry(g);
-       };
+             case "object":
+               // Due to a specification blunder in ECMAScript, typeof null is "object",
+               // so watch out for that case.
+               if (!value) {
+                 return "null";
+               } // Make an array to hold the partial results of stringifying this object value.
 
-       var staticAccessors$44 = { SegmentVisitor: { configurable: true },IntervalIndexedGeometry: { configurable: true } };
-       IndexedPointInAreaLocator.prototype.locate = function locate (p) {
-         var rcc = new RayCrossingCounter(p);
-         var visitor = new SegmentVisitor(rcc);
-         this._index.query(p.y, p.y, visitor);
-         return rcc.getLocation()
-       };
-       IndexedPointInAreaLocator.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [PointOnGeometryLocator]
-       };
-       IndexedPointInAreaLocator.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return IndexedPointInAreaLocator
-       };
-       staticAccessors$44.SegmentVisitor.get = function () { return SegmentVisitor };
-       staticAccessors$44.IntervalIndexedGeometry.get = function () { return IntervalIndexedGeometry };
 
-       Object.defineProperties( IndexedPointInAreaLocator, staticAccessors$44 );
+               gap += indent;
+               partial = []; // Is the value an array?
 
-       var SegmentVisitor = function SegmentVisitor () {
-         this._counter = null;
-         var counter = arguments[0];
-         this._counter = counter;
-       };
-       SegmentVisitor.prototype.visitItem = function visitItem (item) {
-         var seg = item;
-         this._counter.countSegment(seg.getCoordinate(0), seg.getCoordinate(1));
-       };
-       SegmentVisitor.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [ItemVisitor]
-       };
-       SegmentVisitor.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return SegmentVisitor
-       };
+               if (Object.prototype.toString.apply(value) === "[object Array]") {
+                 // The value is an array. Stringify every element. Use null as a placeholder
+                 // for non-JSON values.
+                 length = value.length;
 
-       var IntervalIndexedGeometry = function IntervalIndexedGeometry () {
-         this._index = new SortedPackedIntervalRTree();
-         var geom = arguments[0];
-         this.init(geom);
-       };
-       IntervalIndexedGeometry.prototype.init = function init (geom) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+                 for (i = 0; i < length; i += 1) {
+                   partial[i] = str(i, value) || "null";
+                 } // Join all of the elements together, separated with commas, and wrap them in
+                 // brackets.
 
-         var lines = LinearComponentExtracter.getLines(geom);
-         for (var i = lines.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
-           var line = i.next();
-           var pts = line.getCoordinates();
-           this$1.addLine(pts);
-         }
-       };
-       IntervalIndexedGeometry.prototype.addLine = function addLine (pts) {
-           var this$1 = this;
 
-         for (var i = 1; i < pts.length; i++) {
-           var seg = new LineSegment(pts[i - 1], pts[i]);
-           var min = Math.min(seg.p0.y, seg.p1.y);
-           var max = Math.max(seg.p0.y, seg.p1.y);
-           this$1._index.insert(min, max, seg);
-         }
-       };
-       IntervalIndexedGeometry.prototype.query = function query () {
-         if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var min = arguments[0];
-           var max = arguments[1];
-           var visitor = new ArrayListVisitor();
-           this._index.query(min, max, visitor);
-           return visitor.getItems()
-         } else if (arguments.length === 3) {
-           var min$1 = arguments[0];
-           var max$1 = arguments[1];
-           var visitor$1 = arguments[2];
-           this._index.query(min$1, max$1, visitor$1);
-         }
-       };
-       IntervalIndexedGeometry.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       IntervalIndexedGeometry.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return IntervalIndexedGeometry
-       };
+                 v = partial.length === 0 ? "[]" : gap ? "[\n" + gap + partial.join(",\n" + gap) + "\n" + mind + "]" : "[" + partial.join(",") + "]";
+                 gap = mind;
+                 return v;
+               } // If the replacer is an array, use it to select the members to be stringified.
 
-       var GeometryGraph = (function (PlanarGraph$$1) {
-         function GeometryGraph () {
-           PlanarGraph$$1.call(this);
-           this._parentGeom = null;
-           this._lineEdgeMap = new HashMap();
-           this._boundaryNodeRule = null;
-           this._useBoundaryDeterminationRule = true;
-           this._argIndex = null;
-           this._boundaryNodes = null;
-           this._hasTooFewPoints = false;
-           this._invalidPoint = null;
-           this._areaPtLocator = null;
-           this._ptLocator = new PointLocator();
-           if (arguments.length === 2) {
-             var argIndex = arguments[0];
-             var parentGeom = arguments[1];
-             var boundaryNodeRule = BoundaryNodeRule.OGC_SFS_BOUNDARY_RULE;
-             this._argIndex = argIndex;
-             this._parentGeom = parentGeom;
-             this._boundaryNodeRule = boundaryNodeRule;
-             if (parentGeom !== null) {
-               this.add(parentGeom);
-             }
-           } else if (arguments.length === 3) {
-             var argIndex$1 = arguments[0];
-             var parentGeom$1 = arguments[1];
-             var boundaryNodeRule$1 = arguments[2];
-             this._argIndex = argIndex$1;
-             this._parentGeom = parentGeom$1;
-             this._boundaryNodeRule = boundaryNodeRule$1;
-             if (parentGeom$1 !== null) {
-               this.add(parentGeom$1);
-             }
-           }
-         }
-
-         if ( PlanarGraph$$1 ) GeometryGraph.__proto__ = PlanarGraph$$1;
-         GeometryGraph.prototype = Object.create( PlanarGraph$$1 && PlanarGraph$$1.prototype );
-         GeometryGraph.prototype.constructor = GeometryGraph;
-         GeometryGraph.prototype.insertBoundaryPoint = function insertBoundaryPoint (argIndex, coord) {
-           var n = this._nodes.addNode(coord);
-           var lbl = n.getLabel();
-           var boundaryCount = 1;
-           var loc = Location.NONE;
-           loc = lbl.getLocation(argIndex, Position.ON);
-           if (loc === Location.BOUNDARY) { boundaryCount++; }
-           var newLoc = GeometryGraph.determineBoundary(this._boundaryNodeRule, boundaryCount);
-           lbl.setLocation(argIndex, newLoc);
-         };
-         GeometryGraph.prototype.computeSelfNodes = function computeSelfNodes () {
-           if (arguments.length === 2) {
-             var li = arguments[0];
-             var computeRingSelfNodes = arguments[1];
-             return this.computeSelfNodes(li, computeRingSelfNodes, false)
-           } else if (arguments.length === 3) {
-             var li$1 = arguments[0];
-             var computeRingSelfNodes$1 = arguments[1];
-             var isDoneIfProperInt = arguments[2];
-             var si = new SegmentIntersector$2(li$1, true, false);
-             si.setIsDoneIfProperInt(isDoneIfProperInt);
-             var esi = this.createEdgeSetIntersector();
-             var isRings = this._parentGeom instanceof LinearRing || this._parentGeom instanceof Polygon || this._parentGeom instanceof MultiPolygon;
-             var computeAllSegments = computeRingSelfNodes$1 || !isRings;
-             esi.computeIntersections(this._edges, si, computeAllSegments);
-             this.addSelfIntersectionNodes(this._argIndex);
-             return si
-           }
-         };
-         GeometryGraph.prototype.computeSplitEdges = function computeSplitEdges (edgelist) {
-           for (var i = this._edges.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
-             var e = i.next();
-             e.eiList.addSplitEdges(edgelist);
-           }
-         };
-         GeometryGraph.prototype.computeEdgeIntersections = function computeEdgeIntersections (g, li, includeProper) {
-           var si = new SegmentIntersector$2(li, includeProper, true);
-           si.setBoundaryNodes(this.getBoundaryNodes(), g.getBoundaryNodes());
-           var esi = this.createEdgeSetIntersector();
-           esi.computeIntersections(this._edges, g._edges, si);
-           return si
-         };
-         GeometryGraph.prototype.getGeometry = function getGeometry () {
-           return this._parentGeom
-         };
-         GeometryGraph.prototype.getBoundaryNodeRule = function getBoundaryNodeRule () {
-           return this._boundaryNodeRule
-         };
-         GeometryGraph.prototype.hasTooFewPoints = function hasTooFewPoints () {
-           return this._hasTooFewPoints
-         };
-         GeometryGraph.prototype.addPoint = function addPoint () {
-           if (arguments[0] instanceof Point$1) {
-             var p = arguments[0];
-             var coord = p.getCoordinate();
-             this.insertPoint(this._argIndex, coord, Location.INTERIOR);
-           } else if (arguments[0] instanceof Coordinate) {
-             var pt = arguments[0];
-             this.insertPoint(this._argIndex, pt, Location.INTERIOR);
-           }
-         };
-         GeometryGraph.prototype.addPolygon = function addPolygon (p) {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-           this.addPolygonRing(p.getExteriorRing(), Location.EXTERIOR, Location.INTERIOR);
-           for (var i = 0; i < p.getNumInteriorRing(); i++) {
-             var hole = p.getInteriorRingN(i);
-             this$1.addPolygonRing(hole, Location.INTERIOR, Location.EXTERIOR);
-           }
-         };
-         GeometryGraph.prototype.addEdge = function addEdge (e) {
-           this.insertEdge(e);
-           var coord = e.getCoordinates();
-           this.insertPoint(this._argIndex, coord[0], Location.BOUNDARY);
-           this.insertPoint(this._argIndex, coord[coord.length - 1], Location.BOUNDARY);
-         };
-         GeometryGraph.prototype.addLineString = function addLineString (line) {
-           var coord = CoordinateArrays.removeRepeatedPoints(line.getCoordinates());
-           if (coord.length < 2) {
-             this._hasTooFewPoints = true;
-             this._invalidPoint = coord[0];
-             return null
-           }
-           var e = new Edge(coord, new Label(this._argIndex, Location.INTERIOR));
-           this._lineEdgeMap.put(line, e);
-           this.insertEdge(e);
-           Assert.isTrue(coord.length >= 2, 'found LineString with single point');
-           this.insertBoundaryPoint(this._argIndex, coord[0]);
-           this.insertBoundaryPoint(this._argIndex, coord[coord.length - 1]);
-         };
-         GeometryGraph.prototype.getInvalidPoint = function getInvalidPoint () {
-           return this._invalidPoint
-         };
-         GeometryGraph.prototype.getBoundaryPoints = function getBoundaryPoints () {
-           var coll = this.getBoundaryNodes();
-           var pts = new Array(coll.size()).fill(null);
-           var i = 0;
-           for (var it = coll.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
-             var node = it.next();
-             pts[i++] = node.getCoordinate().copy();
-           }
-           return pts
-         };
-         GeometryGraph.prototype.getBoundaryNodes = function getBoundaryNodes () {
-           if (this._boundaryNodes === null) { this._boundaryNodes = this._nodes.getBoundaryNodes(this._argIndex); }
-           return this._boundaryNodes
-         };
-         GeometryGraph.prototype.addSelfIntersectionNode = function addSelfIntersectionNode (argIndex, coord, loc) {
-           if (this.isBoundaryNode(argIndex, coord)) { return null }
-           if (loc === Location.BOUNDARY && this._useBoundaryDeterminationRule) { this.insertBoundaryPoint(argIndex, coord); } else { this.insertPoint(argIndex, coord, loc); }
-         };
-         GeometryGraph.prototype.addPolygonRing = function addPolygonRing (lr, cwLeft, cwRight) {
-           if (lr.isEmpty()) { return null }
-           var coord = CoordinateArrays.removeRepeatedPoints(lr.getCoordinates());
-           if (coord.length < 4) {
-             this._hasTooFewPoints = true;
-             this._invalidPoint = coord[0];
-             return null
-           }
-           var left = cwLeft;
-           var right = cwRight;
-           if (CGAlgorithms.isCCW(coord)) {
-             left = cwRight;
-             right = cwLeft;
-           }
-           var e = new Edge(coord, new Label(this._argIndex, Location.BOUNDARY, left, right));
-           this._lineEdgeMap.put(lr, e);
-           this.insertEdge(e);
-           this.insertPoint(this._argIndex, coord[0], Location.BOUNDARY);
-         };
-         GeometryGraph.prototype.insertPoint = function insertPoint (argIndex, coord, onLocation) {
-           var n = this._nodes.addNode(coord);
-           var lbl = n.getLabel();
-           if (lbl === null) {
-             n._label = new Label(argIndex, onLocation);
-           } else { lbl.setLocation(argIndex, onLocation); }
-         };
-         GeometryGraph.prototype.createEdgeSetIntersector = function createEdgeSetIntersector () {
-           return new SimpleMCSweepLineIntersector()
-         };
-         GeometryGraph.prototype.addSelfIntersectionNodes = function addSelfIntersectionNodes (argIndex) {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-           for (var i = this._edges.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
-             var e = i.next();
-             var eLoc = e.getLabel().getLocation(argIndex);
-             for (var eiIt = e.eiList.iterator(); eiIt.hasNext();) {
-               var ei = eiIt.next();
-               this$1.addSelfIntersectionNode(argIndex, ei.coord, eLoc);
-             }
-           }
-         };
-         GeometryGraph.prototype.add = function add () {
-           if (arguments.length === 1) {
-             var g = arguments[0];
-             if (g.isEmpty()) { return null }
-             if (g instanceof MultiPolygon) { this._useBoundaryDeterminationRule = false; }
-             if (g instanceof Polygon) { this.addPolygon(g); }
-             else if (g instanceof LineString) { this.addLineString(g); }
-             else if (g instanceof Point$1) { this.addPoint(g); }
-             else if (g instanceof MultiPoint) { this.addCollection(g); }
-             else if (g instanceof MultiLineString) { this.addCollection(g); }
-             else if (g instanceof MultiPolygon) { this.addCollection(g); }
-             else if (g instanceof GeometryCollection) { this.addCollection(g); }
-             else { throw new Error(g.getClass().getName()) }
-           } else { return PlanarGraph$$1.prototype.add.apply(this, arguments) }
-         };
-         GeometryGraph.prototype.addCollection = function addCollection (gc) {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-           for (var i = 0; i < gc.getNumGeometries(); i++) {
-             var g = gc.getGeometryN(i);
-             this$1.add(g);
-           }
-         };
-         GeometryGraph.prototype.locate = function locate (pt) {
-           if (hasInterface(this._parentGeom, Polygonal) && this._parentGeom.getNumGeometries() > 50) {
-             if (this._areaPtLocator === null) {
-               this._areaPtLocator = new IndexedPointInAreaLocator(this._parentGeom);
-             }
-             return this._areaPtLocator.locate(pt)
-           }
-           return this._ptLocator.locate(pt, this._parentGeom)
-         };
-         GeometryGraph.prototype.findEdge = function findEdge () {
-           if (arguments.length === 1) {
-             var line = arguments[0];
-             return this._lineEdgeMap.get(line)
-           } else { return PlanarGraph$$1.prototype.findEdge.apply(this, arguments) }
-         };
-         GeometryGraph.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-           return []
-         };
-         GeometryGraph.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-           return GeometryGraph
-         };
-         GeometryGraph.determineBoundary = function determineBoundary (boundaryNodeRule, boundaryCount) {
-           return boundaryNodeRule.isInBoundary(boundaryCount) ? Location.BOUNDARY : Location.INTERIOR
-         };
-
-         return GeometryGraph;
-       }(PlanarGraph));
-
-       var GeometryGraphOp = function GeometryGraphOp () {
-         this._li = new RobustLineIntersector();
-         this._resultPrecisionModel = null;
-         this._arg = null;
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var g0 = arguments[0];
-           this.setComputationPrecision(g0.getPrecisionModel());
-           this._arg = new Array(1).fill(null);
-           this._arg[0] = new GeometryGraph(0, g0);
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var g0$1 = arguments[0];
-           var g1 = arguments[1];
-           var boundaryNodeRule = BoundaryNodeRule.OGC_SFS_BOUNDARY_RULE;
-           if (g0$1.getPrecisionModel().compareTo(g1.getPrecisionModel()) >= 0) { this.setComputationPrecision(g0$1.getPrecisionModel()); } else { this.setComputationPrecision(g1.getPrecisionModel()); }
-           this._arg = new Array(2).fill(null);
-           this._arg[0] = new GeometryGraph(0, g0$1, boundaryNodeRule);
-           this._arg[1] = new GeometryGraph(1, g1, boundaryNodeRule);
-         } else if (arguments.length === 3) {
-           var g0$2 = arguments[0];
-           var g1$1 = arguments[1];
-           var boundaryNodeRule$1 = arguments[2];
-           if (g0$2.getPrecisionModel().compareTo(g1$1.getPrecisionModel()) >= 0) { this.setComputationPrecision(g0$2.getPrecisionModel()); } else { this.setComputationPrecision(g1$1.getPrecisionModel()); }
-           this._arg = new Array(2).fill(null);
-           this._arg[0] = new GeometryGraph(0, g0$2, boundaryNodeRule$1);
-           this._arg[1] = new GeometryGraph(1, g1$1, boundaryNodeRule$1);
-         }
-       };
-       GeometryGraphOp.prototype.getArgGeometry = function getArgGeometry (i) {
-         return this._arg[i].getGeometry()
-       };
-       GeometryGraphOp.prototype.setComputationPrecision = function setComputationPrecision (pm) {
-         this._resultPrecisionModel = pm;
-         this._li.setPrecisionModel(this._resultPrecisionModel);
-       };
-       GeometryGraphOp.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       GeometryGraphOp.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return GeometryGraphOp
-       };
 
-       // operation.geometrygraph
+               if (rep && _typeof(rep) === "object") {
+                 length = rep.length;
 
-       var GeometryMapper = function GeometryMapper () {};
+                 for (i = 0; i < length; i += 1) {
+                   if (typeof rep[i] === "string") {
+                     k = rep[i];
+                     v = str(k, value);
 
-       GeometryMapper.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       GeometryMapper.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return GeometryMapper
-       };
-       GeometryMapper.map = function map () {
-         if (arguments[0] instanceof Geometry && hasInterface(arguments[1], GeometryMapper.MapOp)) {
-           var geom = arguments[0];
-           var op = arguments[1];
-           var mapped = new ArrayList();
-           for (var i = 0; i < geom.getNumGeometries(); i++) {
-             var g = op.map(geom.getGeometryN(i));
-             if (g !== null) { mapped.add(g); }
-           }
-           return geom.getFactory().buildGeometry(mapped)
-         } else if (hasInterface(arguments[0], Collection) && hasInterface(arguments[1], GeometryMapper.MapOp)) {
-           var geoms = arguments[0];
-           var op$1 = arguments[1];
-           var mapped$1 = new ArrayList();
-           for (var i$1 = geoms.iterator(); i$1.hasNext();) {
-             var g$1 = i$1.next();
-             var gr = op$1.map(g$1);
-             if (gr !== null) { mapped$1.add(gr); }
-           }
-           return mapped$1
-         }
-       };
-       GeometryMapper.MapOp = function MapOp () {};
-
-       var OverlayOp = (function (GeometryGraphOp) {
-         function OverlayOp () {
-           var g0 = arguments[0];
-           var g1 = arguments[1];
-           GeometryGraphOp.call(this, g0, g1);
-           this._ptLocator = new PointLocator();
-           this._geomFact = null;
-           this._resultGeom = null;
-           this._graph = null;
-           this._edgeList = new EdgeList();
-           this._resultPolyList = new ArrayList();
-           this._resultLineList = new ArrayList();
-           this._resultPointList = new ArrayList();
-           this._graph = new PlanarGraph(new OverlayNodeFactory());
-           this._geomFact = g0.getFactory();
-         }
-
-         if ( GeometryGraphOp ) OverlayOp.__proto__ = GeometryGraphOp;
-         OverlayOp.prototype = Object.create( GeometryGraphOp && GeometryGraphOp.prototype );
-         OverlayOp.prototype.constructor = OverlayOp;
-         OverlayOp.prototype.insertUniqueEdge = function insertUniqueEdge (e) {
-           var existingEdge = this._edgeList.findEqualEdge(e);
-           if (existingEdge !== null) {
-             var existingLabel = existingEdge.getLabel();
-             var labelToMerge = e.getLabel();
-             if (!existingEdge.isPointwiseEqual(e)) {
-               labelToMerge = new Label(e.getLabel());
-               labelToMerge.flip();
-             }
-             var depth = existingEdge.getDepth();
-             if (depth.isNull()) {
-               depth.add(existingLabel);
-             }
-             depth.add(labelToMerge);
-             existingLabel.merge(labelToMerge);
-           } else {
-             this._edgeList.add(e);
-           }
-         };
-         OverlayOp.prototype.getGraph = function getGraph () {
-           return this._graph
-         };
-         OverlayOp.prototype.cancelDuplicateResultEdges = function cancelDuplicateResultEdges () {
-           for (var it = this._graph.getEdgeEnds().iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
-             var de = it.next();
-             var sym = de.getSym();
-             if (de.isInResult() && sym.isInResult()) {
-               de.setInResult(false);
-               sym.setInResult(false);
-             }
-           }
-         };
-         OverlayOp.prototype.isCoveredByLA = function isCoveredByLA (coord) {
-           if (this.isCovered(coord, this._resultLineList)) { return true }
-           if (this.isCovered(coord, this._resultPolyList)) { return true }
-           return false
-         };
-         OverlayOp.prototype.computeGeometry = function computeGeometry (resultPointList, resultLineList, resultPolyList, opcode) {
-           var geomList = new ArrayList();
-           geomList.addAll(resultPointList);
-           geomList.addAll(resultLineList);
-           geomList.addAll(resultPolyList);
-           if (geomList.isEmpty()) { return OverlayOp.createEmptyResult(opcode, this._arg[0].getGeometry(), this._arg[1].getGeometry(), this._geomFact) }
-           return this._geomFact.buildGeometry(geomList)
-         };
-         OverlayOp.prototype.mergeSymLabels = function mergeSymLabels () {
-           for (var nodeit = this._graph.getNodes().iterator(); nodeit.hasNext();) {
-             var node = nodeit.next();
-             node.getEdges().mergeSymLabels();
-           }
-         };
-         OverlayOp.prototype.isCovered = function isCovered (coord, geomList) {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-           for (var it = geomList.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
-             var geom = it.next();
-             var loc = this$1._ptLocator.locate(coord, geom);
-             if (loc !== Location.EXTERIOR) { return true }
-           }
-           return false
-         };
-         OverlayOp.prototype.replaceCollapsedEdges = function replaceCollapsedEdges () {
-           var newEdges = new ArrayList();
-           for (var it = this._edgeList.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
-             var e = it.next();
-             if (e.isCollapsed()) {
-               it.remove();
-               newEdges.add(e.getCollapsedEdge());
-             }
-           }
-           this._edgeList.addAll(newEdges);
-         };
-         OverlayOp.prototype.updateNodeLabelling = function updateNodeLabelling () {
-           for (var nodeit = this._graph.getNodes().iterator(); nodeit.hasNext();) {
-             var node = nodeit.next();
-             var lbl = node.getEdges().getLabel();
-             node.getLabel().merge(lbl);
-           }
-         };
-         OverlayOp.prototype.getResultGeometry = function getResultGeometry (overlayOpCode) {
-           this.computeOverlay(overlayOpCode);
-           return this._resultGeom
-         };
-         OverlayOp.prototype.insertUniqueEdges = function insertUniqueEdges (edges) {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-           for (var i = edges.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
-             var e = i.next();
-             this$1.insertUniqueEdge(e);
-           }
-         };
-         OverlayOp.prototype.computeOverlay = function computeOverlay (opCode) {
-           this.copyPoints(0);
-           this.copyPoints(1);
-           this._arg[0].computeSelfNodes(this._li, false);
-           this._arg[1].computeSelfNodes(this._li, false);
-           this._arg[0].computeEdgeIntersections(this._arg[1], this._li, true);
-           var baseSplitEdges = new ArrayList();
-           this._arg[0].computeSplitEdges(baseSplitEdges);
-           this._arg[1].computeSplitEdges(baseSplitEdges);
-           // const splitEdges = baseSplitEdges
-           this.insertUniqueEdges(baseSplitEdges);
-           this.computeLabelsFromDepths();
-           this.replaceCollapsedEdges();
-           EdgeNodingValidator.checkValid(this._edgeList.getEdges());
-           this._graph.addEdges(this._edgeList.getEdges());
-           this.computeLabelling();
-           this.labelIncompleteNodes();
-           this.findResultAreaEdges(opCode);
-           this.cancelDuplicateResultEdges();
-           var polyBuilder = new PolygonBuilder(this._geomFact);
-           polyBuilder.add(this._graph);
-           this._resultPolyList = polyBuilder.getPolygons();
-           var lineBuilder = new LineBuilder(this, this._geomFact, this._ptLocator);
-           this._resultLineList = lineBuilder.build(opCode);
-           var pointBuilder = new PointBuilder(this, this._geomFact, this._ptLocator);
-           this._resultPointList = pointBuilder.build(opCode);
-           this._resultGeom = this.computeGeometry(this._resultPointList, this._resultLineList, this._resultPolyList, opCode);
-         };
-         OverlayOp.prototype.labelIncompleteNode = function labelIncompleteNode (n, targetIndex) {
-           var loc = this._ptLocator.locate(n.getCoordinate(), this._arg[targetIndex].getGeometry());
-           n.getLabel().setLocation(targetIndex, loc);
-         };
-         OverlayOp.prototype.copyPoints = function copyPoints (argIndex) {
-           var this$1 = this;
-
-           for (var i = this._arg[argIndex].getNodeIterator(); i.hasNext();) {
-             var graphNode = i.next();
-             var newNode = this$1._graph.addNode(graphNode.getCoordinate());
-             newNode.setLabel(argIndex, graphNode.getLabel().getLocation(argIndex));
-           }
-         };
-         OverlayOp.prototype.findResultAreaEdges = function findResultAreaEdges (opCode) {
-           for (var it = this._graph.getEdgeEnds().iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
-             var de = it.next();
-             var label = de.getLabel();
-             if (label.isArea() && !de.isInteriorAreaEdge() && OverlayOp.isResultOfOp(label.getLocation(0, Position.RIGHT), label.getLocation(1, Position.RIGHT), opCode)) {
-               de.setInResult(true);
-             }
-           }
-         };
-         OverlayOp.prototype.computeLabelsFromDepths = function computeLabelsFromDepths () {
-           for (var it = this._edgeList.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
-             var e = it.next();
-             var lbl = e.getLabel();
-             var depth = e.getDepth();
-             if (!depth.isNull()) {
-               depth.normalize();
-               for (var i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
-                 if (!lbl.isNull(i) && lbl.isArea() && !depth.isNull(i)) {
-                   if (depth.getDelta(i) === 0) {
-                     lbl.toLine(i);
-                   } else {
-                     Assert.isTrue(!depth.isNull(i, Position.LEFT), 'depth of LEFT side has not been initialized');
-                     lbl.setLocation(i, Position.LEFT, depth.getLocation(i, Position.LEFT));
-                     Assert.isTrue(!depth.isNull(i, Position.RIGHT), 'depth of RIGHT side has not been initialized');
-                     lbl.setLocation(i, Position.RIGHT, depth.getLocation(i, Position.RIGHT));
+                     if (v) {
+                       partial.push(quote(k) + (gap ? ": " : ":") + v);
+                     }
                    }
                  }
-               }
-             }
-           }
-         };
-         OverlayOp.prototype.computeLabelling = function computeLabelling () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+               } else {
+                 // Otherwise, iterate through all of the keys in the object.
+                 for (k in value) {
+                   if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(value, k)) {
+                     v = str(k, value);
 
-           for (var nodeit = this._graph.getNodes().iterator(); nodeit.hasNext();) {
-             var node = nodeit.next();
-             node.getEdges().computeLabelling(this$1._arg);
-           }
-           this.mergeSymLabels();
-           this.updateNodeLabelling();
-         };
-         OverlayOp.prototype.labelIncompleteNodes = function labelIncompleteNodes () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+                     if (v) {
+                       partial.push(quote(k) + (gap ? ": " : ":") + v);
+                     }
+                   }
+                 }
+               } // Join all of the member texts together, separated with commas,
+               // and wrap them in braces.
 
-           // let nodeCount = 0
-           for (var ni = this._graph.getNodes().iterator(); ni.hasNext();) {
-             var n = ni.next();
-             var label = n.getLabel();
-             if (n.isIsolated()) {
-               // nodeCount++
-               if (label.isNull(0)) { this$1.labelIncompleteNode(n, 0); } else { this$1.labelIncompleteNode(n, 1); }
-             }
-             n.getEdges().updateLabelling(label);
-           }
-         };
-         OverlayOp.prototype.isCoveredByA = function isCoveredByA (coord) {
-           if (this.isCovered(coord, this._resultPolyList)) { return true }
-           return false
-         };
-         OverlayOp.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-           return []
-         };
-         OverlayOp.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-           return OverlayOp
-         };
 
-         return OverlayOp;
-       }(GeometryGraphOp));
+               v = partial.length === 0 ? "{}" : gap ? "{\n" + gap + partial.join(",\n" + gap) + "\n" + mind + "}" : "{" + partial.join(",") + "}";
+               gap = mind;
+               return v;
+           }
+         } // If the JSON object does not yet have a stringify method, give it one.
 
-       OverlayOp.overlayOp = function (geom0, geom1, opCode) {
-         var gov = new OverlayOp(geom0, geom1);
-         var geomOv = gov.getResultGeometry(opCode);
-         return geomOv
-       };
-       OverlayOp.intersection = function (g, other) {
-         if (g.isEmpty() || other.isEmpty()) { return OverlayOp.createEmptyResult(OverlayOp.INTERSECTION, g, other, g.getFactory()) }
-         if (g.isGeometryCollection()) {
-           var g2 = other;
-           return GeometryCollectionMapper.map(g, {
-             interfaces_: function () {
-               return [GeometryMapper.MapOp]
-             },
-             map: function (g) {
-               return g.intersection(g2)
-             }
-           })
-         }
-         g.checkNotGeometryCollection(g);
-         g.checkNotGeometryCollection(other);
-         return SnapIfNeededOverlayOp.overlayOp(g, other, OverlayOp.INTERSECTION)
-       };
-       OverlayOp.symDifference = function (g, other) {
-         if (g.isEmpty() || other.isEmpty()) {
-           if (g.isEmpty() && other.isEmpty()) { return OverlayOp.createEmptyResult(OverlayOp.SYMDIFFERENCE, g, other, g.getFactory()) }
-           if (g.isEmpty()) { return other.copy() }
-           if (other.isEmpty()) { return g.copy() }
-         }
-         g.checkNotGeometryCollection(g);
-         g.checkNotGeometryCollection(other);
-         return SnapIfNeededOverlayOp.overlayOp(g, other, OverlayOp.SYMDIFFERENCE)
-       };
-       OverlayOp.resultDimension = function (opCode, g0, g1) {
-         var dim0 = g0.getDimension();
-         var dim1 = g1.getDimension();
-         var resultDimension = -1;
-         switch (opCode) {
-           case OverlayOp.INTERSECTION:
-             resultDimension = Math.min(dim0, dim1);
-             break
-           case OverlayOp.UNION:
-             resultDimension = Math.max(dim0, dim1);
-             break
-           case OverlayOp.DIFFERENCE:
-             resultDimension = dim0;
-             break
-           case OverlayOp.SYMDIFFERENCE:
-             resultDimension = Math.max(dim0, dim1);
-             break
-         }
-         return resultDimension
-       };
-       OverlayOp.createEmptyResult = function (overlayOpCode, a, b, geomFact) {
-         var result = null;
-         switch (OverlayOp.resultDimension(overlayOpCode, a, b)) {
-           case -1:
-             result = geomFact.createGeometryCollection(new Array(0).fill(null));
-             break
-           case 0:
-             result = geomFact.createPoint();
-             break
-           case 1:
-             result = geomFact.createLineString();
-             break
-           case 2:
-             result = geomFact.createPolygon();
-             break
-         }
-         return result
-       };
-       OverlayOp.difference = function (g, other) {
-         if (g.isEmpty()) { return OverlayOp.createEmptyResult(OverlayOp.DIFFERENCE, g, other, g.getFactory()) }
-         if (other.isEmpty()) { return g.copy() }
-         g.checkNotGeometryCollection(g);
-         g.checkNotGeometryCollection(other);
-         return SnapIfNeededOverlayOp.overlayOp(g, other, OverlayOp.DIFFERENCE)
-       };
-       OverlayOp.isResultOfOp = function () {
-         if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var label = arguments[0];
-           var opCode = arguments[1];
-           var loc0 = label.getLocation(0);
-           var loc1 = label.getLocation(1);
-           return OverlayOp.isResultOfOp(loc0, loc1, opCode)
-         } else if (arguments.length === 3) {
-           var loc0$1 = arguments[0];
-           var loc1$1 = arguments[1];
-           var overlayOpCode = arguments[2];
-           if (loc0$1 === Location.BOUNDARY) { loc0$1 = Location.INTERIOR; }
-           if (loc1$1 === Location.BOUNDARY) { loc1$1 = Location.INTERIOR; }
-           switch (overlayOpCode) {
-             case OverlayOp.INTERSECTION:
-               return loc0$1 === Location.INTERIOR && loc1$1 === Location.INTERIOR
-             case OverlayOp.UNION:
-               return loc0$1 === Location.INTERIOR || loc1$1 === Location.INTERIOR
-             case OverlayOp.DIFFERENCE:
-               return loc0$1 === Location.INTERIOR && loc1$1 !== Location.INTERIOR
-             case OverlayOp.SYMDIFFERENCE:
-               return (loc0$1 === Location.INTERIOR && loc1$1 !== Location.INTERIOR) || (loc0$1 !== Location.INTERIOR && loc1$1 === Location.INTERIOR)
-           }
-           return false
-         }
-       };
-       OverlayOp.INTERSECTION = 1;
-       OverlayOp.UNION = 2;
-       OverlayOp.DIFFERENCE = 3;
-       OverlayOp.SYMDIFFERENCE = 4;
-
-       var FuzzyPointLocator = function FuzzyPointLocator () {
-         this._g = null;
-         this._boundaryDistanceTolerance = null;
-         this._linework = null;
-         this._ptLocator = new PointLocator();
-         this._seg = new LineSegment();
-         var g = arguments[0];
-         var boundaryDistanceTolerance = arguments[1];
-         this._g = g;
-         this._boundaryDistanceTolerance = boundaryDistanceTolerance;
-         this._linework = this.extractLinework(g);
-       };
-       FuzzyPointLocator.prototype.isWithinToleranceOfBoundary = function isWithinToleranceOfBoundary (pt) {
-           var this$1 = this;
 
-         for (var i = 0; i < this._linework.getNumGeometries(); i++) {
-           var line = this$1._linework.getGeometryN(i);
-           var seq = line.getCoordinateSequence();
-           for (var j = 0; j < seq.size() - 1; j++) {
-             seq.getCoordinate(j, this$1._seg.p0);
-             seq.getCoordinate(j + 1, this$1._seg.p1);
-             var dist = this$1._seg.distance(pt);
-             if (dist <= this$1._boundaryDistanceTolerance) { return true }
-           }
-         }
-         return false
-       };
-       FuzzyPointLocator.prototype.getLocation = function getLocation (pt) {
-         if (this.isWithinToleranceOfBoundary(pt)) { return Location.BOUNDARY }
-         return this._ptLocator.locate(pt, this._g)
-       };
-       FuzzyPointLocator.prototype.extractLinework = function extractLinework (g) {
-         var extracter = new PolygonalLineworkExtracter();
-         g.apply(extracter);
-         var linework = extracter.getLinework();
-         var lines = GeometryFactory.toLineStringArray(linework);
-         return g.getFactory().createMultiLineString(lines)
-       };
-       FuzzyPointLocator.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       FuzzyPointLocator.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return FuzzyPointLocator
-       };
+         if (typeof JSON.stringify !== "function") {
+           meta = {
+             // table of character substitutions
+             "\b": "\\b",
+             "\t": "\\t",
+             "\n": "\\n",
+             "\f": "\\f",
+             "\r": "\\r",
+             "\"": "\\\"",
+             "\\": "\\\\"
+           };
 
-       var PolygonalLineworkExtracter = function PolygonalLineworkExtracter () {
-         this._linework = null;
-         this._linework = new ArrayList();
-       };
-       PolygonalLineworkExtracter.prototype.getLinework = function getLinework () {
-         return this._linework
-       };
-       PolygonalLineworkExtracter.prototype.filter = function filter (g) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+           JSON.stringify = function (value, replacer, space) {
+             // The stringify method takes a value and an optional replacer, and an optional
+             // space parameter, and returns a JSON text. The replacer can be a function
+             // that can replace values, or an array of strings that will select the keys.
+             // A default replacer method can be provided. Use of the space parameter can
+             // produce text that is more easily readable.
+             var i;
+             gap = "";
+             indent = ""; // If the space parameter is a number, make an indent string containing that
+             // many spaces.
 
-         if (g instanceof Polygon) {
-           var poly = g;
-           this._linework.add(poly.getExteriorRing());
-           for (var i = 0; i < poly.getNumInteriorRing(); i++) {
-             this$1._linework.add(poly.getInteriorRingN(i));
-           }
-         }
-       };
-       PolygonalLineworkExtracter.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return [GeometryFilter]
-       };
-       PolygonalLineworkExtracter.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return PolygonalLineworkExtracter
-       };
+             if (typeof space === "number") {
+               for (i = 0; i < space; i += 1) {
+                 indent += " ";
+               } // If the space parameter is a string, it will be used as the indent string.
 
-       var OffsetPointGenerator = function OffsetPointGenerator () {
-         this._g = null;
-         this._doLeft = true;
-         this._doRight = true;
-         var g = arguments[0];
-         this._g = g;
-       };
-       OffsetPointGenerator.prototype.extractPoints = function extractPoints (line, offsetDistance, offsetPts) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+             } else if (typeof space === "string") {
+               indent = space;
+             } // If there is a replacer, it must be a function or an array.
+             // Otherwise, throw an error.
 
-         var pts = line.getCoordinates();
-         for (var i = 0; i < pts.length - 1; i++) {
-           this$1.computeOffsetPoints(pts[i], pts[i + 1], offsetDistance, offsetPts);
-         }
-       };
-       OffsetPointGenerator.prototype.setSidesToGenerate = function setSidesToGenerate (doLeft, doRight) {
-         this._doLeft = doLeft;
-         this._doRight = doRight;
-       };
-       OffsetPointGenerator.prototype.getPoints = function getPoints (offsetDistance) {
-           var this$1 = this;
 
-         var offsetPts = new ArrayList();
-         var lines = LinearComponentExtracter.getLines(this._g);
-         for (var i = lines.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
-           var line = i.next();
-           this$1.extractPoints(line, offsetDistance, offsetPts);
-         }
-         return offsetPts
-       };
-       OffsetPointGenerator.prototype.computeOffsetPoints = function computeOffsetPoints (p0, p1, offsetDistance, offsetPts) {
-         var dx = p1.x - p0.x;
-         var dy = p1.y - p0.y;
-         var len = Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
-         var ux = offsetDistance * dx / len;
-         var uy = offsetDistance * dy / len;
-         var midX = (p1.x + p0.x) / 2;
-         var midY = (p1.y + p0.y) / 2;
-         if (this._doLeft) {
-           var offsetLeft = new Coordinate(midX - uy, midY + ux);
-           offsetPts.add(offsetLeft);
-         }
-         if (this._doRight) {
-           var offsetRight = new Coordinate(midX + uy, midY - ux);
-           offsetPts.add(offsetRight);
-         }
-       };
-       OffsetPointGenerator.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       OffsetPointGenerator.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return OffsetPointGenerator
-       };
+             rep = replacer;
 
-       var OverlayResultValidator = function OverlayResultValidator () {
-         this._geom = null;
-         this._locFinder = null;
-         this._location = new Array(3).fill(null);
-         this._invalidLocation = null;
-         this._boundaryDistanceTolerance = OverlayResultValidator.TOLERANCE;
-         this._testCoords = new ArrayList();
-         var a = arguments[0];
-         var b = arguments[1];
-         var result = arguments[2];
-         this._boundaryDistanceTolerance = OverlayResultValidator.computeBoundaryDistanceTolerance(a, b);
-         this._geom = [a, b, result];
-         this._locFinder = [new FuzzyPointLocator(this._geom[0], this._boundaryDistanceTolerance), new FuzzyPointLocator(this._geom[1], this._boundaryDistanceTolerance), new FuzzyPointLocator(this._geom[2], this._boundaryDistanceTolerance)];
-       };
+             if (replacer && typeof replacer !== "function" && (_typeof(replacer) !== "object" || typeof replacer.length !== "number")) {
+               throw new Error("JSON.stringify");
+             } // Make a fake root object containing our value under the key of "".
+             // Return the result of stringifying the value.
 
-       var staticAccessors$46 = { TOLERANCE: { configurable: true } };
-       OverlayResultValidator.prototype.reportResult = function reportResult (overlayOp, location, expectedInterior) {
-         System.out.println('Overlay result invalid - A:' + Location.toLocationSymbol(location[0]) + ' B:' + Location.toLocationSymbol(location[1]) + ' expected:' + (expectedInterior ? 'i' : 'e') + ' actual:' + Location.toLocationSymbol(location[2]));
-       };
-       OverlayResultValidator.prototype.isValid = function isValid (overlayOp) {
-         this.addTestPts(this._geom[0]);
-         this.addTestPts(this._geom[1]);
-         var isValid = this.checkValid(overlayOp);
-         return isValid
-       };
-       OverlayResultValidator.prototype.checkValid = function checkValid () {
-           var this$1 = this;
 
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var overlayOp = arguments[0];
-           for (var i = 0; i < this._testCoords.size(); i++) {
-             var pt = this$1._testCoords.get(i);
-             if (!this$1.checkValid(overlayOp, pt)) {
-               this$1._invalidLocation = pt;
-               return false
-             }
-           }
-           return true
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var overlayOp$1 = arguments[0];
-           var pt$1 = arguments[1];
-           this._location[0] = this._locFinder[0].getLocation(pt$1);
-           this._location[1] = this._locFinder[1].getLocation(pt$1);
-           this._location[2] = this._locFinder[2].getLocation(pt$1);
-           if (OverlayResultValidator.hasLocation(this._location, Location.BOUNDARY)) { return true }
-           return this.isValidResult(overlayOp$1, this._location)
-         }
-       };
-       OverlayResultValidator.prototype.addTestPts = function addTestPts (g) {
-         var ptGen = new OffsetPointGenerator(g);
-         this._testCoords.addAll(ptGen.getPoints(5 * this._boundaryDistanceTolerance));
-       };
-       OverlayResultValidator.prototype.isValidResult = function isValidResult (overlayOp, location) {
-         var expectedInterior = OverlayOp.isResultOfOp(location[0], location[1], overlayOp);
-         var resultInInterior = location[2] === Location.INTERIOR;
-         var isValid = !(expectedInterior ^ resultInInterior);
-         if (!isValid) { this.reportResult(overlayOp, location, expectedInterior); }
-         return isValid
-       };
-       OverlayResultValidator.prototype.getInvalidLocation = function getInvalidLocation () {
-         return this._invalidLocation
-       };
-       OverlayResultValidator.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       OverlayResultValidator.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return OverlayResultValidator
-       };
-       OverlayResultValidator.hasLocation = function hasLocation (location, loc) {
-         for (var i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
-           if (location[i] === loc) { return true }
-         }
-         return false
-       };
-       OverlayResultValidator.computeBoundaryDistanceTolerance = function computeBoundaryDistanceTolerance (g0, g1) {
-         return Math.min(GeometrySnapper.computeSizeBasedSnapTolerance(g0), GeometrySnapper.computeSizeBasedSnapTolerance(g1))
-       };
-       OverlayResultValidator.isValid = function isValid (a, b, overlayOp, result) {
-         var validator = new OverlayResultValidator(a, b, result);
-         return validator.isValid(overlayOp)
-       };
-       staticAccessors$46.TOLERANCE.get = function () { return 0.000001 };
+             return str("", {
+               "": value
+             });
+           };
+         } // If the JSON object does not yet have a parse method, give it one.
 
-       Object.defineProperties( OverlayResultValidator, staticAccessors$46 );
 
-       // operation.overlay
+         if (typeof JSON.parse !== "function") {
+           JSON.parse = function (text, reviver) {
+             // The parse method takes a text and an optional reviver function, and returns
+             // a JavaScript value if the text is a valid JSON text.
+             var j;
 
-       var GeometryCombiner = function GeometryCombiner (geoms) {
-         this._geomFactory = null;
-         this._skipEmpty = false;
-         this._inputGeoms = null;
-         this._geomFactory = GeometryCombiner.extractFactory(geoms);
-         this._inputGeoms = geoms;
-       };
-       GeometryCombiner.prototype.extractElements = function extractElements (geom, elems) {
-           var this$1 = this;
+             function walk(holder, key) {
+               // The walk method is used to recursively walk the resulting structure so
+               // that modifications can be made.
+               var k;
+               var v;
+               var value = holder[key];
 
-         if (geom === null) { return null }
-         for (var i = 0; i < geom.getNumGeometries(); i++) {
-           var elemGeom = geom.getGeometryN(i);
-           if (this$1._skipEmpty && elemGeom.isEmpty()) { continue }
-           elems.add(elemGeom);
-         }
-       };
-       GeometryCombiner.prototype.combine = function combine () {
-           var this$1 = this;
+               if (value && _typeof(value) === "object") {
+                 for (k in value) {
+                   if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(value, k)) {
+                     v = walk(value, k);
 
-         var elems = new ArrayList();
-         for (var i = this._inputGeoms.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
-           var g = i.next();
-           this$1.extractElements(g, elems);
-         }
-         if (elems.size() === 0) {
-           if (this._geomFactory !== null) {
-             return this._geomFactory.createGeometryCollection(null)
-           }
-           return null
-         }
-         return this._geomFactory.buildGeometry(elems)
-       };
-       GeometryCombiner.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       GeometryCombiner.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return GeometryCombiner
-       };
-       GeometryCombiner.combine = function combine () {
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var geoms = arguments[0];
-           var combiner = new GeometryCombiner(geoms);
-           return combiner.combine()
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var g0 = arguments[0];
-           var g1 = arguments[1];
-           var combiner$1 = new GeometryCombiner(GeometryCombiner.createList(g0, g1));
-           return combiner$1.combine()
-         } else if (arguments.length === 3) {
-           var g0$1 = arguments[0];
-           var g1$1 = arguments[1];
-           var g2 = arguments[2];
-           var combiner$2 = new GeometryCombiner(GeometryCombiner.createList(g0$1, g1$1, g2));
-           return combiner$2.combine()
-         }
-       };
-       GeometryCombiner.extractFactory = function extractFactory (geoms) {
-         if (geoms.isEmpty()) { return null }
-         return geoms.iterator().next().getFactory()
-       };
-       GeometryCombiner.createList = function createList () {
-         if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var obj0 = arguments[0];
-           var obj1 = arguments[1];
-           var list = new ArrayList();
-           list.add(obj0);
-           list.add(obj1);
-           return list
-         } else if (arguments.length === 3) {
-           var obj0$1 = arguments[0];
-           var obj1$1 = arguments[1];
-           var obj2 = arguments[2];
-           var list$1 = new ArrayList();
-           list$1.add(obj0$1);
-           list$1.add(obj1$1);
-           list$1.add(obj2);
-           return list$1
-         }
-       };
+                     if (v !== undefined) {
+                       value[k] = v;
+                     } else {
+                       delete value[k];
+                     }
+                   }
+                 }
+               }
 
-       var CascadedPolygonUnion = function CascadedPolygonUnion () {
-         this._inputPolys = null;
-         this._geomFactory = null;
-         var polys = arguments[0];
-         this._inputPolys = polys;
-         if (this._inputPolys === null) { this._inputPolys = new ArrayList(); }
-       };
+               return reviver.call(holder, key, value);
+             } // Parsing happens in four stages. In the first stage, we replace certain
+             // Unicode characters with escape sequences. JavaScript handles many characters
+             // incorrectly, either silently deleting them, or treating them as line endings.
 
-       var staticAccessors$47 = { STRTREE_NODE_CAPACITY: { configurable: true } };
-       CascadedPolygonUnion.prototype.reduceToGeometries = function reduceToGeometries (geomTree) {
-           var this$1 = this;
 
-         var geoms = new ArrayList();
-         for (var i = geomTree.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
-           var o = i.next();
-           var geom = null;
-           if (hasInterface(o, List)) {
-             geom = this$1.unionTree(o);
-           } else if (o instanceof Geometry) {
-             geom = o;
-           }
-           geoms.add(geom);
-         }
-         return geoms
-       };
-       CascadedPolygonUnion.prototype.extractByEnvelope = function extractByEnvelope (env, geom, disjointGeoms) {
-         var intersectingGeoms = new ArrayList();
-         for (var i = 0; i < geom.getNumGeometries(); i++) {
-           var elem = geom.getGeometryN(i);
-           if (elem.getEnvelopeInternal().intersects(env)) { intersectingGeoms.add(elem); } else { disjointGeoms.add(elem); }
-         }
-         return this._geomFactory.buildGeometry(intersectingGeoms)
-       };
-       CascadedPolygonUnion.prototype.unionOptimized = function unionOptimized (g0, g1) {
-         var g0Env = g0.getEnvelopeInternal();
-         var g1Env = g1.getEnvelopeInternal();
-         if (!g0Env.intersects(g1Env)) {
-           var combo = GeometryCombiner.combine(g0, g1);
-           return combo
-         }
-         if (g0.getNumGeometries() <= 1 && g1.getNumGeometries() <= 1) { return this.unionActual(g0, g1) }
-         var commonEnv = g0Env.intersection(g1Env);
-         return this.unionUsingEnvelopeIntersection(g0, g1, commonEnv)
-       };
-       CascadedPolygonUnion.prototype.union = function union () {
-         if (this._inputPolys === null) { throw new Error('union() method cannot be called twice') }
-         if (this._inputPolys.isEmpty()) { return null }
-         this._geomFactory = this._inputPolys.iterator().next().getFactory();
-         var index = new STRtree(CascadedPolygonUnion.STRTREE_NODE_CAPACITY);
-         for (var i = this._inputPolys.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
-           var item = i.next();
-           index.insert(item.getEnvelopeInternal(), item);
-         }
-         this._inputPolys = null;
-         var itemTree = index.itemsTree();
-         var unionAll = this.unionTree(itemTree);
-         return unionAll
-       };
-       CascadedPolygonUnion.prototype.binaryUnion = function binaryUnion () {
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var geoms = arguments[0];
-           return this.binaryUnion(geoms, 0, geoms.size())
-         } else if (arguments.length === 3) {
-           var geoms$1 = arguments[0];
-           var start = arguments[1];
-           var end = arguments[2];
-           if (end - start <= 1) {
-             var g0 = CascadedPolygonUnion.getGeometry(geoms$1, start);
-             return this.unionSafe(g0, null)
-           } else if (end - start === 2) {
-             return this.unionSafe(CascadedPolygonUnion.getGeometry(geoms$1, start), CascadedPolygonUnion.getGeometry(geoms$1, start + 1))
-           } else {
-             var mid = Math.trunc((end + start) / 2);
-             var g0$1 = this.binaryUnion(geoms$1, start, mid);
-             var g1 = this.binaryUnion(geoms$1, mid, end);
-             return this.unionSafe(g0$1, g1)
-           }
-         }
-       };
-       CascadedPolygonUnion.prototype.repeatedUnion = function repeatedUnion (geoms) {
-         var union = null;
-         for (var i = geoms.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
-           var g = i.next();
-           if (union === null) { union = g.copy(); } else { union = union.union(g); }
-         }
-         return union
-       };
-       CascadedPolygonUnion.prototype.unionSafe = function unionSafe (g0, g1) {
-         if (g0 === null && g1 === null) { return null }
-         if (g0 === null) { return g1.copy() }
-         if (g1 === null) { return g0.copy() }
-         return this.unionOptimized(g0, g1)
-       };
-       CascadedPolygonUnion.prototype.unionActual = function unionActual (g0, g1) {
-         return CascadedPolygonUnion.restrictToPolygons(g0.union(g1))
-       };
-       CascadedPolygonUnion.prototype.unionTree = function unionTree (geomTree) {
-         var geoms = this.reduceToGeometries(geomTree);
-         var union = this.binaryUnion(geoms);
-         return union
-       };
-       CascadedPolygonUnion.prototype.unionUsingEnvelopeIntersection = function unionUsingEnvelopeIntersection (g0, g1, common) {
-         var disjointPolys = new ArrayList();
-         var g0Int = this.extractByEnvelope(common, g0, disjointPolys);
-         var g1Int = this.extractByEnvelope(common, g1, disjointPolys);
-         var union = this.unionActual(g0Int, g1Int);
-         disjointPolys.add(union);
-         var overallUnion = GeometryCombiner.combine(disjointPolys);
-         return overallUnion
-       };
-       CascadedPolygonUnion.prototype.bufferUnion = function bufferUnion () {
-         if (arguments.length === 1) {
-           var geoms = arguments[0];
-           var factory = geoms.get(0).getFactory();
-           var gColl = factory.buildGeometry(geoms);
-           var unionAll = gColl.buffer(0.0);
-           return unionAll
-         } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
-           var g0 = arguments[0];
-           var g1 = arguments[1];
-           var factory$1 = g0.getFactory();
-           var gColl$1 = factory$1.createGeometryCollection([g0, g1]);
-           var unionAll$1 = gColl$1.buffer(0.0);
-           return unionAll$1
-         }
-       };
-       CascadedPolygonUnion.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       CascadedPolygonUnion.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return CascadedPolygonUnion
-       };
-       CascadedPolygonUnion.restrictToPolygons = function restrictToPolygons (g) {
-         if (hasInterface(g, Polygonal)) {
-           return g
-         }
-         var polygons = PolygonExtracter.getPolygons(g);
-         if (polygons.size() === 1) { return polygons.get(0) }
-         return g.getFactory().createMultiPolygon(GeometryFactory.toPolygonArray(polygons))
-       };
-       CascadedPolygonUnion.getGeometry = function getGeometry (list, index) {
-         if (index >= list.size()) { return null }
-         return list.get(index)
-       };
-       CascadedPolygonUnion.union = function union (polys) {
-         var op = new CascadedPolygonUnion(polys);
-         return op.union()
-       };
-       staticAccessors$47.STRTREE_NODE_CAPACITY.get = function () { return 4 };
+             text = String(text);
+             rx_dangerous.lastIndex = 0;
 
-       Object.defineProperties( CascadedPolygonUnion, staticAccessors$47 );
+             if (rx_dangerous.test(text)) {
+               text = text.replace(rx_dangerous, function (a) {
+                 return "\\u" + ("0000" + a.charCodeAt(0).toString(16)).slice(-4);
+               });
+             } // In the second stage, we run the text against regular expressions that look
+             // for non-JSON patterns. We are especially concerned with "()" and "new"
+             // because they can cause invocation, and "=" because it can cause mutation.
+             // But just to be safe, we want to reject all unexpected forms.
+             // We split the second stage into 4 regexp operations in order to work around
+             // crippling inefficiencies in IE's and Safari's regexp engines. First we
+             // replace the JSON backslash pairs with "@" (a non-JSON character). Second, we
+             // replace all simple value tokens with "]" characters. Third, we delete all
+             // open brackets that follow a colon or comma or that begin the text. Finally,
+             // we look to see that the remaining characters are only whitespace or "]" or
+             // "," or ":" or "{" or "}". If that is so, then the text is safe for eval.
 
-       var UnionOp = function UnionOp () {};
 
-       UnionOp.prototype.interfaces_ = function interfaces_ () {
-         return []
-       };
-       UnionOp.prototype.getClass = function getClass () {
-         return UnionOp
-       };
-       UnionOp.union = function union (g, other) {
-         if (g.isEmpty() || other.isEmpty()) {
-           if (g.isEmpty() && other.isEmpty()) { return OverlayOp.createEmptyResult(OverlayOp.UNION, g, other, g.getFactory()) }
-           if (g.isEmpty()) { return other.copy() }
-           if (other.isEmpty()) { return g.copy() }
-         }
-         g.checkNotGeometryCollection(g);
-         g.checkNotGeometryCollection(other);
-         return SnapIfNeededOverlayOp.overlayOp(g, other, OverlayOp.UNION)
-       };
+             if (rx_one.test(text.replace(rx_two, "@").replace(rx_three, "]").replace(rx_four, ""))) {
+               // In the third stage we use the eval function to compile the text into a
+               // JavaScript structure. The "{" operator is subject to a syntactic ambiguity
+               // in JavaScript: it can begin a block or an object literal. We wrap the text
+               // in parens to eliminate the ambiguity.
+               j = eval("(" + text + ")"); // In the optional fourth stage, we recursively walk the new structure, passing
+               // each name/value pair to a reviver function for possible transformation.
 
-       /**
-        * Earth Radius used with the Harvesine formula and approximates using a spherical (non-ellipsoid) Earth.
-        */
+               return typeof reviver === "function" ? walk({
+                 "": j
+               }, "") : j;
+             } // If the text is not JSON parseable, then a SyntaxError is thrown.
 
-       /**
-        * Wraps a GeoJSON {@link Geometry} in a GeoJSON {@link Feature}.
-        *
-        * @name feature
-        * @param {Geometry} geometry input geometry
-        * @param {Object} [properties={}] an Object of key-value pairs to add as properties
-        * @param {Object} [options={}] Optional Parameters
-        * @param {Array<number>} [options.bbox] Bounding Box Array [west, south, east, north] associated with the Feature
-        * @param {string|number} [options.id] Identifier associated with the Feature
-        * @returns {Feature} a GeoJSON Feature
-        * @example
-        * var geometry = {
-        *   "type": "Point",
-        *   "coordinates": [110, 50]
-        * };
-        *
-        * var feature = turf.feature(geometry);
-        *
-        * //=feature
-        */
-       function feature$1(geometry, properties, options) {
-           // Optional Parameters
-           options = options || {};
-           if (!isObject$4(options)) throw new Error('options is invalid');
-           var bbox = options.bbox;
-           var id = options.id;
 
-           // Validation
-           if (geometry === undefined) throw new Error('geometry is required');
-           if (properties && properties.constructor !== Object) throw new Error('properties must be an Object');
-           if (bbox) validateBBox(bbox);
-           if (id) validateId(id);
+             throw new SyntaxError("JSON.parse");
+           };
+         }
+       })();
 
-           // Main
-           var feat = {type: 'Feature'};
-           if (id) feat.id = id;
-           if (bbox) feat.bbox = bbox;
-           feat.properties = properties || {};
-           feat.geometry = geometry;
-           return feat;
-       }
+       var json2 = json2Plugin;
 
-       /**
-        * isNumber
-        *
-        * @param {*} num Number to validate
-        * @returns {boolean} true/false
-        * @example
-        * turf.isNumber(123)
-        * //=true
-        * turf.isNumber('foo')
-        * //=false
-        */
-       function isNumber$1(num) {
-           return !isNaN(num) && num !== null && !Array.isArray(num);
+       function json2Plugin() {
+         return {};
        }
 
-       /**
-        * isObject
-        *
-        * @param {*} input variable to validate
-        * @returns {boolean} true/false
-        * @example
-        * turf.isObject({elevation: 10})
-        * //=true
-        * turf.isObject('foo')
-        * //=false
-        */
-       function isObject$4(input) {
-           return (!!input) && (input.constructor === Object);
-       }
+       var plugins = [json2];
+       var store_legacy = storeEngine.createStore(all, plugins);
 
-       /**
-        * Validate BBox
-        *
-        * @private
-        * @param {Array<number>} bbox BBox to validate
-        * @returns {void}
-        * @throws Error if BBox is not valid
-        * @example
-        * validateBBox([-180, -40, 110, 50])
-        * //=OK
-        * validateBBox([-180, -40])
-        * //=Error
-        * validateBBox('Foo')
-        * //=Error
-        * validateBBox(5)
-        * //=Error
-        * validateBBox(null)
-        * //=Error
-        * validateBBox(undefined)
-        * //=Error
-        */
-       function validateBBox(bbox) {
-           if (!bbox) throw new Error('bbox is required');
-           if (!Array.isArray(bbox)) throw new Error('bbox must be an Array');
-           if (bbox.length !== 4 && bbox.length !== 6) throw new Error('bbox must be an Array of 4 or 6 numbers');
-           bbox.forEach(function (num) {
-               if (!isNumber$1(num)) throw new Error('bbox must only contain numbers');
-           });
-       }
+       var immutable = extend;
+       var hasOwnProperty = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;
 
-       /**
-        * Validate Id
-        *
-        * @private
-        * @param {string|number} id Id to validate
-        * @returns {void}
-        * @throws Error if Id is not valid
-        * @example
-        * validateId([-180, -40, 110, 50])
-        * //=Error
-        * validateId([-180, -40])
-        * //=Error
-        * validateId('Foo')
-        * //=OK
-        * validateId(5)
-        * //=OK
-        * validateId(null)
-        * //=Error
-        * validateId(undefined)
-        * //=Error
-        */
-       function validateId(id) {
-           if (!id) throw new Error('id is required');
-           if (['string', 'number'].indexOf(typeof id) === -1) throw new Error('id must be a number or a string');
-       }
+       function extend() {
+         var target = {};
 
-       /**
-        * Callback for geomEach
-        *
-        * @callback geomEachCallback
-        * @param {Geometry} currentGeometry The current Geometry being processed.
-        * @param {number} featureIndex The current index of the Feature being processed.
-        * @param {Object} featureProperties The current Feature Properties being processed.
-        * @param {Array<number>} featureBBox The current Feature BBox being processed.
-        * @param {number|string} featureId The current Feature Id being processed.
-        */
+         for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
+           var source = arguments[i];
 
-       /**
-        * Iterate over each geometry in any GeoJSON object, similar to Array.forEach()
-        *
-        * @name geomEach
-        * @param {FeatureCollection|Feature|Geometry} geojson any GeoJSON object
-        * @param {Function} callback a method that takes (currentGeometry, featureIndex, featureProperties, featureBBox, featureId)
-        * @returns {void}
-        * @example
-        * var features = turf.featureCollection([
-        *     turf.point([26, 37], {foo: 'bar'}),
-        *     turf.point([36, 53], {hello: 'world'})
-        * ]);
-        *
-        * turf.geomEach(features, function (currentGeometry, featureIndex, featureProperties, featureBBox, featureId) {
-        *   //=currentGeometry
-        *   //=featureIndex
-        *   //=featureProperties
-        *   //=featureBBox
-        *   //=featureId
-        * });
-        */
-       function geomEach(geojson, callback) {
-           var i, j, g, geometry, stopG,
-               geometryMaybeCollection,
-               isGeometryCollection,
-               featureProperties,
-               featureBBox,
-               featureId,
-               featureIndex = 0,
-               isFeatureCollection = geojson.type === 'FeatureCollection',
-               isFeature = geojson.type === 'Feature',
-               stop = isFeatureCollection ? geojson.features.length : 1;
-
-           // This logic may look a little weird. The reason why it is that way
-           // is because it's trying to be fast. GeoJSON supports multiple kinds
-           // of objects at its root: FeatureCollection, Features, Geometries.
-           // This function has the responsibility of handling all of them, and that
-           // means that some of the `for` loops you see below actually just don't apply
-           // to certain inputs. For instance, if you give this just a
-           // Point geometry, then both loops are short-circuited and all we do
-           // is gradually rename the input until it's called 'geometry'.
-           //
-           // This also aims to allocate as few resources as possible: just a
-           // few numbers and booleans, rather than any temporary arrays as would
-           // be required with the normalization approach.
-           for (i = 0; i < stop; i++) {
-
-               geometryMaybeCollection = (isFeatureCollection ? geojson.features[i].geometry :
-                   (isFeature ? geojson.geometry : geojson));
-               featureProperties = (isFeatureCollection ? geojson.features[i].properties :
-                   (isFeature ? geojson.properties : {}));
-               featureBBox = (isFeatureCollection ? geojson.features[i].bbox :
-                   (isFeature ? geojson.bbox : undefined));
-               featureId = (isFeatureCollection ? geojson.features[i].id :
-                   (isFeature ? geojson.id : undefined));
-               isGeometryCollection = (geometryMaybeCollection) ? geometryMaybeCollection.type === 'GeometryCollection' : false;
-               stopG = isGeometryCollection ? geometryMaybeCollection.geometries.length : 1;
-
-               for (g = 0; g < stopG; g++) {
-                   geometry = isGeometryCollection ?
-                       geometryMaybeCollection.geometries[g] : geometryMaybeCollection;
-
-                   // Handle null Geometry
-                   if (geometry === null) {
-                       if (callback(null, featureIndex, featureProperties, featureBBox, featureId) === false) return false;
-                       continue;
-                   }
-                   switch (geometry.type) {
-                   case 'Point':
-                   case 'LineString':
-                   case 'MultiPoint':
-                   case 'Polygon':
-                   case 'MultiLineString':
-                   case 'MultiPolygon': {
-                       if (callback(geometry, featureIndex, featureProperties, featureBBox, featureId) === false) return false;
-                       break;
-                   }
-                   case 'GeometryCollection': {
-                       for (j = 0; j < geometry.geometries.length; j++) {
-                           if (callback(geometry.geometries[j], featureIndex, featureProperties, featureBBox, featureId) === false) return false;
-                       }
-                       break;
-                   }
-                   default:
-                       throw new Error('Unknown Geometry Type');
-                   }
-               }
-               // Only increase `featureIndex` per each feature
-               featureIndex++;
+           for (var key in source) {
+             if (hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {
+               target[key] = source[key];
+             }
            }
-       }
-
-       /**
-        * Callback for geomReduce
-        *
-        * The first time the callback function is called, the values provided as arguments depend
-        * on whether the reduce method has an initialValue argument.
-        *
-        * If an initialValue is provided to the reduce method:
-        *  - The previousValue argument is initialValue.
-        *  - The currentValue argument is the value of the first element present in the array.
-        *
-        * If an initialValue is not provided:
-        *  - The previousValue argument is the value of the first element present in the array.
-        *  - The currentValue argument is the value of the second element present in the array.
-        *
-        * @callback geomReduceCallback
-        * @param {*} previousValue The accumulated value previously returned in the last invocation
-        * of the callback, or initialValue, if supplied.
-        * @param {Geometry} currentGeometry The current Geometry being processed.
-        * @param {number} featureIndex The current index of the Feature being processed.
-        * @param {Object} featureProperties The current Feature Properties being processed.
-        * @param {Array<number>} featureBBox The current Feature BBox being processed.
-        * @param {number|string} featureId The current Feature Id being processed.
-        */
+         }
 
-       /**
-        * Reduce geometry in any GeoJSON object, similar to Array.reduce().
-        *
-        * @name geomReduce
-        * @param {FeatureCollection|Feature|Geometry} geojson any GeoJSON object
-        * @param {Function} callback a method that takes (previousValue, currentGeometry, featureIndex, featureProperties, featureBBox, featureId)
-        * @param {*} [initialValue] Value to use as the first argument to the first call of the callback.
-        * @returns {*} The value that results from the reduction.
-        * @example
-        * var features = turf.featureCollection([
-        *     turf.point([26, 37], {foo: 'bar'}),
-        *     turf.point([36, 53], {hello: 'world'})
-        * ]);
-        *
-        * turf.geomReduce(features, function (previousValue, currentGeometry, featureIndex, featureProperties, featureBBox, featureId) {
-        *   //=previousValue
-        *   //=currentGeometry
-        *   //=featureIndex
-        *   //=featureProperties
-        *   //=featureBBox
-        *   //=featureId
-        *   return currentGeometry
-        * });
-        */
-       function geomReduce(geojson, callback, initialValue) {
-           var previousValue = initialValue;
-           geomEach(geojson, function (currentGeometry, featureIndex, featureProperties, featureBBox, featureId) {
-               if (featureIndex === 0 && initialValue === undefined) previousValue = currentGeometry;
-               else previousValue = callback(previousValue, currentGeometry, featureIndex, featureProperties, featureBBox, featureId);
-           });
-           return previousValue;
+         return target;
        }
 
-       /**
-        * Callback for flattenEach
-        *
-        * @callback flattenEachCallback
-        * @param {Feature} currentFeature The current flattened feature being processed.
-        * @param {number} featureIndex The current index of the Feature being processed.
-        * @param {number} multiFeatureIndex The current index of the Multi-Feature being processed.
-        */
+       //
+       // This code is only compatible with IE10+ because the [XDomainRequest](http://bit.ly/LfO7xo)
+       // object, IE<10's idea of [CORS](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-origin_resource_sharing),
+       // does not support custom headers, which this uses everywhere.
 
-       /**
-        * Iterate over flattened features in any GeoJSON object, similar to
-        * Array.forEach.
-        *
-        * @name flattenEach
-        * @param {FeatureCollection|Feature|Geometry} geojson any GeoJSON object
-        * @param {Function} callback a method that takes (currentFeature, featureIndex, multiFeatureIndex)
-        * @example
-        * var features = turf.featureCollection([
-        *     turf.point([26, 37], {foo: 'bar'}),
-        *     turf.multiPoint([[40, 30], [36, 53]], {hello: 'world'})
-        * ]);
-        *
-        * turf.flattenEach(features, function (currentFeature, featureIndex, multiFeatureIndex) {
-        *   //=currentFeature
-        *   //=featureIndex
-        *   //=multiFeatureIndex
-        * });
-        */
-       function flattenEach(geojson, callback) {
-           geomEach(geojson, function (geometry, featureIndex, properties, bbox, id) {
-               // Callback for single geometry
-               var type = (geometry === null) ? null : geometry.type;
-               switch (type) {
-               case null:
-               case 'Point':
-               case 'LineString':
-               case 'Polygon':
-                   if (callback(feature$1(geometry, properties, {bbox: bbox, id: id}), featureIndex, 0) === false) return false;
-                   return;
-               }
 
-               var geomType;
+       var osmAuth = function osmAuth(o) {
+         var oauth = {}; // authenticated users will also have a request token secret, but it's
+         // not used in transactions with the server
 
-               // Callback for multi-geometry
-               switch (type) {
-               case 'MultiPoint':
-                   geomType = 'Point';
-                   break;
-               case 'MultiLineString':
-                   geomType = 'LineString';
-                   break;
-               case 'MultiPolygon':
-                   geomType = 'Polygon';
-                   break;
-               }
+         oauth.authenticated = function () {
+           return !!(token('oauth_token') && token('oauth_token_secret'));
+         };
 
-               for (var multiFeatureIndex = 0; multiFeatureIndex < geometry.coordinates.length; multiFeatureIndex++) {
-                   var coordinate = geometry.coordinates[multiFeatureIndex];
-                   var geom = {
-                       type: geomType,
-                       coordinates: coordinate
-                   };
-                   if (callback(feature$1(geom, properties), featureIndex, multiFeatureIndex) === false) return false;
-               }
-           });
-       }
+         oauth.logout = function () {
+           token('oauth_token', '');
+           token('oauth_token_secret', '');
+           token('oauth_request_token_secret', '');
+           return oauth;
+         }; // TODO: detect lack of click event
+
+
+         oauth.authenticate = function (callback) {
+           if (oauth.authenticated()) return callback();
+           oauth.logout(); // ## Getting a request token
+
+           var params = timenonce(getAuth(o)),
+               url = o.url + '/oauth/request_token';
+           params.oauth_signature = ohauth_1.signature(o.oauth_secret, '', ohauth_1.baseString('POST', url, params));
+
+           if (!o.singlepage) {
+             // Create a 600x550 popup window in the center of the screen
+             var w = 600,
+                 h = 550,
+                 settings = [['width', w], ['height', h], ['left', screen.width / 2 - w / 2], ['top', screen.height / 2 - h / 2]].map(function (x) {
+               return x.join('=');
+             }).join(','),
+                 popup = window.open('about:blank', 'oauth_window', settings);
+             oauth.popupWindow = popup;
+
+             if (!popup) {
+               var error = new Error('Popup was blocked');
+               error.status = 'popup-blocked';
+               throw error;
+             }
+           } // Request a request token. When this is complete, the popup
+           // window is redirected to OSM's authorization page.
+
+
+           ohauth_1.xhr('POST', url, params, null, {}, reqTokenDone);
+           o.loading();
+
+           function reqTokenDone(err, xhr) {
+             o.done();
+             if (err) return callback(err);
+             var resp = ohauth_1.stringQs(xhr.response);
+             token('oauth_request_token_secret', resp.oauth_token_secret);
+             var authorize_url = o.url + '/oauth/authorize?' + ohauth_1.qsString({
+               oauth_token: resp.oauth_token,
+               oauth_callback: resolveUrl(o.landing)
+             });
 
-       /**
-        * Takes one or more features and returns their area in square meters.
-        *
-        * @name area
-        * @param {GeoJSON} geojson input GeoJSON feature(s)
-        * @returns {number} area in square meters
-        * @example
-        * var polygon = turf.polygon([[[125, -15], [113, -22], [154, -27], [144, -15], [125, -15]]]);
-        *
-        * var area = turf.area(polygon);
-        *
-        * //addToMap
-        * var addToMap = [polygon]
-        * polygon.properties.area = area
-        */
-       function area(geojson) {
-           return geomReduce(geojson, function (value, geom) {
-               return value + calculateArea(geom);
-           }, 0);
-       }
+             if (o.singlepage) {
+               location.href = authorize_url;
+             } else {
+               popup.location = authorize_url;
+             }
+           } // Called by a function in a landing page, in the popup window. The
+           // window closes itself.
 
-       var RADIUS$1 = 6378137;
-       // var FLATTENING_DENOM = 298.257223563;
-       // var FLATTENING = 1 / FLATTENING_DENOM;
-       // var POLAR_RADIUS = RADIUS * (1 - FLATTENING);
 
-       /**
-        * Calculate Area
-        *
-        * @private
-        * @param {GeoJSON} geojson GeoJSON
-        * @returns {number} area
-        */
-       function calculateArea(geojson) {
-           var area = 0, i;
-           switch (geojson.type) {
-           case 'Polygon':
-               return polygonArea$1(geojson.coordinates);
-           case 'MultiPolygon':
-               for (i = 0; i < geojson.coordinates.length; i++) {
-                   area += polygonArea$1(geojson.coordinates[i]);
-               }
-               return area;
-           case 'Point':
-           case 'MultiPoint':
-           case 'LineString':
-           case 'MultiLineString':
-               return 0;
-           case 'GeometryCollection':
-               for (i = 0; i < geojson.geometries.length; i++) {
-                   area += calculateArea(geojson.geometries[i]);
-               }
-               return area;
-           }
-       }
+           window.authComplete = function (token) {
+             var oauth_token = ohauth_1.stringQs(token.split('?')[1]);
+             get_access_token(oauth_token.oauth_token);
+             delete window.authComplete;
+           }; // ## Getting an request token
+           //
+           // At this point we have an `oauth_token`, brought in from a function
+           // call on a landing page popup.
 
-       function polygonArea$1(coords) {
-           var area = 0;
-           if (coords && coords.length > 0) {
-               area += Math.abs(ringArea$1(coords[0]));
-               for (var i = 1; i < coords.length; i++) {
-                   area -= Math.abs(ringArea$1(coords[i]));
-               }
-           }
-           return area;
-       }
 
-       /**
-        * @private
-        * Calculate the approximate area of the polygon were it projected onto the earth.
-        * Note that this area will be positive if ring is oriented clockwise, otherwise it will be negative.
-        *
-        * Reference:
-        * Robert. G. Chamberlain and William H. Duquette, "Some Algorithms for Polygons on a Sphere", JPL Publication 07-03, Jet Propulsion
-        * Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, June 2007 http://trs-new.jpl.nasa.gov/dspace/handle/2014/40409
-        *
-        * @param {Array<Array<number>>} coords Ring Coordinates
-        * @returns {number} The approximate signed geodesic area of the polygon in square meters.
-        */
-       function ringArea$1(coords) {
-           var p1;
-           var p2;
-           var p3;
-           var lowerIndex;
-           var middleIndex;
-           var upperIndex;
-           var i;
-           var area = 0;
-           var coordsLength = coords.length;
-
-           if (coordsLength > 2) {
-               for (i = 0; i < coordsLength; i++) {
-                   if (i === coordsLength - 2) { // i = N-2
-                       lowerIndex = coordsLength - 2;
-                       middleIndex = coordsLength - 1;
-                       upperIndex = 0;
-                   } else if (i === coordsLength - 1) { // i = N-1
-                       lowerIndex = coordsLength - 1;
-                       middleIndex = 0;
-                       upperIndex = 1;
-                   } else { // i = 0 to N-3
-                       lowerIndex = i;
-                       middleIndex = i + 1;
-                       upperIndex = i + 2;
-                   }
-                   p1 = coords[lowerIndex];
-                   p2 = coords[middleIndex];
-                   p3 = coords[upperIndex];
-                   area += (rad$1(p3[0]) - rad$1(p1[0])) * Math.sin(rad$1(p2[1]));
-               }
+           function get_access_token(oauth_token) {
+             var url = o.url + '/oauth/access_token',
+                 params = timenonce(getAuth(o)),
+                 request_token_secret = token('oauth_request_token_secret');
+             params.oauth_token = oauth_token;
+             params.oauth_signature = ohauth_1.signature(o.oauth_secret, request_token_secret, ohauth_1.baseString('POST', url, params)); // ## Getting an access token
+             //
+             // The final token required for authentication. At this point
+             // we have a `request token secret`
 
-               area = area * RADIUS$1 * RADIUS$1 / 2;
+             ohauth_1.xhr('POST', url, params, null, {}, accessTokenDone);
+             o.loading();
            }
 
-           return area;
-       }
-
-       function rad$1(_) {
-           return _ * Math.PI / 180;
-       }
-
-       /**
-        * Get Geometry from Feature or Geometry Object
-        *
-        * @param {Feature|Geometry} geojson GeoJSON Feature or Geometry Object
-        * @returns {Geometry|null} GeoJSON Geometry Object
-        * @throws {Error} if geojson is not a Feature or Geometry Object
-        * @example
-        * var point = {
-        *   "type": "Feature",
-        *   "properties": {},
-        *   "geometry": {
-        *     "type": "Point",
-        *     "coordinates": [110, 40]
-        *   }
-        * }
-        * var geom = turf.getGeom(point)
-        * //={"type": "Point", "coordinates": [110, 40]}
-        */
-       function getGeom(geojson) {
-           if (!geojson) throw new Error('geojson is required');
-           if (geojson.geometry !== undefined) return geojson.geometry;
-           if (geojson.coordinates || geojson.geometries) return geojson;
-           throw new Error('geojson must be a valid Feature or Geometry Object');
-       }
+           function accessTokenDone(err, xhr) {
+             o.done();
+             if (err) return callback(err);
+             var access_token = ohauth_1.stringQs(xhr.response);
+             token('oauth_token', access_token.oauth_token);
+             token('oauth_token_secret', access_token.oauth_token_secret);
+             callback(null, oauth);
+           }
+         };
 
-       /**
-        * Finds the difference between two {@link Polygon|polygons} by clipping the second polygon from the first.
-        *
-        * @name difference
-        * @param {Feature<Polygon|MultiPolygon>} polygon1 input Polygon feature
-        * @param {Feature<Polygon|MultiPolygon>} polygon2 Polygon feature to difference from polygon1
-        * @returns {Feature<Polygon|MultiPolygon>|null} a Polygon or MultiPolygon feature showing the area of `polygon1` excluding the area of `polygon2` (if empty returns `null`)
-        * @example
-        * var polygon1 = turf.polygon([[
-        *   [128, -26],
-        *   [141, -26],
-        *   [141, -21],
-        *   [128, -21],
-        *   [128, -26]
-        * ]], {
-        *   "fill": "#F00",
-        *   "fill-opacity": 0.1
-        * });
-        * var polygon2 = turf.polygon([[
-        *   [126, -28],
-        *   [140, -28],
-        *   [140, -20],
-        *   [126, -20],
-        *   [126, -28]
-        * ]], {
-        *   "fill": "#00F",
-        *   "fill-opacity": 0.1
-        * });
-        *
-        * var difference = turf.difference(polygon1, polygon2);
-        *
-        * //addToMap
-        * var addToMap = [polygon1, polygon2, difference];
-        */
-       function difference(polygon1, polygon2) {
-           var geom1 = getGeom(polygon1);
-           var geom2 = getGeom(polygon2);
-           var properties = polygon1.properties || {};
+         oauth.bringPopupWindowToFront = function () {
+           var brougtPopupToFront = false;
 
-           // Issue #721 - JSTS can't handle empty polygons
-           geom1 = removeEmptyPolygon(geom1);
-           geom2 = removeEmptyPolygon(geom2);
-           if (!geom1) return null;
-           if (!geom2) return feature$1(geom1, properties);
+           try {
+             // This may cause a cross-origin error:
+             // `DOMException: Blocked a frame with origin "..." from accessing a cross-origin frame.`
+             if (oauth.popupWindow && !oauth.popupWindow.closed) {
+               oauth.popupWindow.focus();
+               brougtPopupToFront = true;
+             }
+           } catch (err) {// Bringing popup window to front failed (probably because of the cross-origin error mentioned above)
+           }
 
-           // JSTS difference operation
-           var reader = new GeoJSONReader();
-           var a = reader.read(geom1);
-           var b = reader.read(geom2);
-           var differenced = OverlayOp.difference(a, b);
-           if (differenced.isEmpty()) return null;
-           var writer = new GeoJSONWriter();
-           var geom = writer.write(differenced);
+           return brougtPopupToFront;
+         };
 
-           return feature$1(geom, properties);
-       }
+         oauth.bootstrapToken = function (oauth_token, callback) {
+           // ## Getting an request token
+           // At this point we have an `oauth_token`, brought in from a function
+           // call on a landing page popup.
+           function get_access_token(oauth_token) {
+             var url = o.url + '/oauth/access_token',
+                 params = timenonce(getAuth(o)),
+                 request_token_secret = token('oauth_request_token_secret');
+             params.oauth_token = oauth_token;
+             params.oauth_signature = ohauth_1.signature(o.oauth_secret, request_token_secret, ohauth_1.baseString('POST', url, params)); // ## Getting an access token
+             // The final token required for authentication. At this point
+             // we have a `request token secret`
 
-       /**
-        * Detect Empty Polygon
-        *
-        * @private
-        * @param {Geometry<Polygon|MultiPolygon>} geom Geometry Object
-        * @returns {Geometry<Polygon|MultiPolygon>|null} removed any polygons with no areas
-        */
-       function removeEmptyPolygon(geom) {
-           switch (geom.type) {
-           case 'Polygon':
-               if (area(geom) > 1) return geom;
-               return null;
-           case 'MultiPolygon':
-               var coordinates = [];
-               flattenEach(geom, function (feature$$1) {
-                   if (area(feature$$1) > 1) coordinates.push(feature$$1.geometry.coordinates);
-               });
-               if (coordinates.length) return {type: 'MultiPolygon', coordinates: coordinates};
+             ohauth_1.xhr('POST', url, params, null, {}, accessTokenDone);
+             o.loading();
            }
-       }
-
-       /**
-        * Takes two or more {@link Polygon|polygons} and returns a combined polygon. If the input polygons are not contiguous, this function returns a {@link MultiPolygon} feature.
-        *
-        * @name union
-        * @param {...Feature<Polygon>} A polygon to combine
-        * @returns {Feature<(Polygon|MultiPolygon)>} a combined {@link Polygon} or {@link MultiPolygon} feature
-        * @example
-        * var poly1 = turf.polygon([[
-        *     [-82.574787, 35.594087],
-        *     [-82.574787, 35.615581],
-        *     [-82.545261, 35.615581],
-        *     [-82.545261, 35.594087],
-        *     [-82.574787, 35.594087]
-        * ]], {"fill": "#0f0"});
-        * var poly2 = turf.polygon([[
-        *     [-82.560024, 35.585153],
-        *     [-82.560024, 35.602602],
-        *     [-82.52964, 35.602602],
-        *     [-82.52964, 35.585153],
-        *     [-82.560024, 35.585153]
-        * ]], {"fill": "#00f"});
-        *
-        * var union = turf.union(poly1, poly2);
-        *
-        * //addToMap
-        * var addToMap = [poly1, poly2, union];
-        */
-       function union$1() {
-           var reader = new GeoJSONReader();
-           var result = reader.read(JSON.stringify(arguments[0].geometry));
 
-           for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {
-               result = UnionOp.union(result, reader.read(JSON.stringify(arguments[i].geometry)));
+           function accessTokenDone(err, xhr) {
+             o.done();
+             if (err) return callback(err);
+             var access_token = ohauth_1.stringQs(xhr.response);
+             token('oauth_token', access_token.oauth_token);
+             token('oauth_token_secret', access_token.oauth_token_secret);
+             callback(null, oauth);
            }
 
-           var writer = new GeoJSONWriter();
-           result = writer.write(result);
+           get_access_token(oauth_token);
+         }; // # xhr
+         //
+         // A single XMLHttpRequest wrapper that does authenticated calls if the
+         // user has logged in.
 
-           return {
-               type: 'Feature',
-               geometry: result,
-               properties: arguments[0].properties
-           };
-       }
 
-       // Reduce an array of locations into a single GeoJSON feature
-       function _locationReducer(accumulator, location) {
-         /* eslint-disable no-console, no-invalid-this */
-         let result;
-         try {
-           let resolved = this.resolveLocation(location);
-           if (!resolved || !resolved.feature) {
-             console.warn(`Warning:  Couldn't resolve location "${location}"`);
-             return accumulator;
+         oauth.xhr = function (options, callback) {
+           if (!oauth.authenticated()) {
+             if (o.auto) {
+               return oauth.authenticate(run);
+             } else {
+               callback('not authenticated', null);
+               return;
+             }
+           } else {
+             return run();
            }
-           result = !accumulator ? resolved.feature : union$1(accumulator, resolved.feature);
-         } catch (e) {
-           console.warn(`Warning:  Error resolving location "${location}"`);
-           console.warn(e);
-           result = accumulator;
-         }
-
-         return result;
-         /* eslint-enable no-console, no-invalid-this */
-       }
 
+           function run() {
+             var params = timenonce(getAuth(o)),
+                 oauth_token_secret = token('oauth_token_secret'),
+                 url = options.prefix !== false ? o.url + options.path : options.path,
+                 url_parts = url.replace(/#.*$/, '').split('?', 2),
+                 base_url = url_parts[0],
+                 query = url_parts.length === 2 ? url_parts[1] : ''; // https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5849#section-3.4.1.3.1
 
+             if ((!options.options || !options.options.header || options.options.header['Content-Type'] === 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded') && options.content) {
+               params = immutable(params, ohauth_1.stringQs(options.content));
+             }
 
-       function _cloneDeep(obj) {
-         return JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(obj));
-       }
+             params.oauth_token = token('oauth_token');
+             params.oauth_signature = ohauth_1.signature(o.oauth_secret, oauth_token_secret, ohauth_1.baseString(options.method, base_url, immutable(params, ohauth_1.stringQs(query))));
+             return ohauth_1.xhr(options.method, url, params, options.content, options.options, done);
+           }
 
+           function done(err, xhr) {
+             if (err) return callback(err);else if (xhr.responseXML) return callback(err, xhr.responseXML);else return callback(err, xhr.response);
+           }
+         }; // pre-authorize this object, if we can just get a token and token_secret
+         // from the start
 
-       class LocationConflation {
 
-         // constructor
-         //
-         // Optionally pass a GeoJSON FeatureCollection of known features which we can refer to later.
-         // Each feature must have a filename-like `id`, for example: `something.geojson`
-         //
-         // {
-         //   "type": "FeatureCollection"
-         //   "features": [
-         //     {
-         //       "type": "Feature",
-         //       "id": "philly_metro.geojson",
-         //       "properties": { … },
-         //       "geometry": { … }
-         //     }
-         //   ]
-         // }
-         constructor(fc) {
-           this._cache = {};
+         oauth.preauth = function (c) {
+           if (!c) return;
+           if (c.oauth_token) token('oauth_token', c.oauth_token);
+           if (c.oauth_token_secret) token('oauth_token_secret', c.oauth_token_secret);
+           return oauth;
+         };
 
-           // process input FeatureCollection
-           if (fc && fc.type === 'FeatureCollection' && Array.isArray(fc.features)) {
-             fc.features.forEach(feature => {
-               feature.properties = feature.properties || {};
-               let props = feature.properties;
+         oauth.options = function (_) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return o;
+           o = _;
+           o.url = o.url || 'https://www.openstreetmap.org';
+           o.landing = o.landing || 'land.html';
+           o.singlepage = o.singlepage || false; // Optional loading and loading-done functions for nice UI feedback.
+           // by default, no-ops
 
-               // get `id` from either `id` or `properties`
-               let id = feature.id || props.id;
-               if (!id || !/^\S+\.geojson$/i.test(id)) return;
+           o.loading = o.loading || function () {};
 
-               // ensure id exists and is lowercase
-               id = id.toLowerCase();
-               feature.id = id;
-               props.id = id;
+           o.done = o.done || function () {};
 
-               // ensure area property exists
-               if (!props.area) {
-                 const area = geojsonArea.geometry(feature.geometry) / 1e6;  // m² to km²
-                 props.area = Number(area.toFixed(2));
-               }
+           return oauth.preauth(o);
+         }; // 'stamp' an authentication object from `getAuth()`
+         // with a [nonce](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographic_nonce)
+         // and timestamp
 
-               this._cache[id] = feature;
-             });
-           }
 
-           // Replace CountryCoder world geometry to have a polygon covering the world.
-           let world = _cloneDeep(feature('Q2'));
-           world.geometry = {
-             type: 'Polygon',
-             coordinates: [[[-180, -90], [180, -90], [180, 90], [-180, 90], [-180, -90]]]
-           };
-           world.id = 'Q2';
-           world.properties.id = 'Q2';
-           world.properties.area = geojsonArea.geometry(world.geometry) / 1e6;  // m² to km²
-           this._cache.Q2 = world;
-         }
+         function timenonce(o) {
+           o.oauth_timestamp = ohauth_1.timestamp();
+           o.oauth_nonce = ohauth_1.nonce();
+           return o;
+         } // get/set tokens. These are prefixed with the base URL so that `osm-auth`
+         // can be used with multiple APIs and the keys in `localStorage`
+         // will not clash
 
 
-         // validateLocation
-         //
-         // Pass a `location` identifier
-         // Returns a result like
-         //   {
-         //     type:     'point', 'geojson', or 'countrycoder'
-         //     location:  the queried location
-         //     id:        a unique identifier
-         //   }
-         //  or `null` if the location is invalid
-         //
-         validateLocation(location) {
-           if (Array.isArray(location)) {   // a [lon,lat] coordinate pair?
-             if (location.length === 2 && Number.isFinite(location[0]) && Number.isFinite(location[1]) &&
-               location[0] >= -180 && location[0] <= 180 && location[1] >= -90 && location[1] <= 90
-             ) {
-               const id = '[' + location.toString() + ']';
-               return { type: 'point', location: location, id: id };
-             }
+         var token;
 
-           } else if (typeof location === 'string' && /^\S+\.geojson$/i.test(location)) {   // a .geojson filename?
-             const id = location.toLowerCase();
-             if (this._cache[id]) {
-               return { type: 'geojson', location: location, id: id };
-             }
+         if (store_legacy.enabled) {
+           token = function token(x, y) {
+             if (arguments.length === 1) return store_legacy.get(o.url + x);else if (arguments.length === 2) return store_legacy.set(o.url + x, y);
+           };
+         } else {
+           var storage = {};
 
-           } else if (typeof location === 'string' || typeof location === 'number') {   // a country-coder value?
-             const feature$1 = feature(location);
-             if (feature$1) {
-               // Use wikidata QID as the identifier, since that seems to be the only
-               // property that everything in CountryCoder is guaranteed to have.
-               const id = feature$1.properties.wikidata;
-               return { type: 'countrycoder', location: location, id: id };
-             }
-           }
+           token = function token(x, y) {
+             if (arguments.length === 1) return storage[o.url + x];else if (arguments.length === 2) return storage[o.url + x] = y;
+           };
+         } // Get an authentication object. If you just add and remove properties
+         // from a single object, you'll need to use `delete` to make sure that
+         // it doesn't contain undesired properties for authentication
 
-           return null;
-         }
 
+         function getAuth(o) {
+           return {
+             oauth_consumer_key: o.oauth_consumer_key,
+             oauth_signature_method: 'HMAC-SHA1'
+           };
+         } // potentially pre-authorize
 
-         // resolveLocation
-         //
-         // Pass a `location` identifier
-         // Returns a result like
-         //   {
-         //     type:      'point', 'geojson', or 'countrycoder'
-         //     location:  the queried location
-         //     id:        a unique identifier
-         //     feature:   the geojson feature
-         //   }
-         //  or `null` if the location is invalid
-         //
-         resolveLocation(location) {
-           const valid = this.validateLocation(location);
-           if (!valid) return null;
-
-           // return a result from cache if we can
-           if (this._cache[valid.id]) {
-             return Object.assign(valid, { feature: this._cache[valid.id] });
-           }
-
-           // a [lon,lat] coordinate pair?
-           if (valid.type === 'point') {
-             const RADIUS = 25000;  // meters
-             const EDGES = 10;
-             const PRECISION = 3;
-             const area = Math.PI * RADIUS * RADIUS / 1e6;     // m² to km²
-             const feature = this._cache[valid.id] = geojsonPrecision({
-               type: 'Feature',
-               id: valid.id,
-               properties: { id: valid.id, area: Number(area.toFixed(2)) },
-               geometry: circleToPolygon(location, RADIUS, EDGES)
-             }, PRECISION);
-             return Object.assign(valid, { feature: feature });
-
-           // a .geojson filename?
-           } else if (valid.type === 'geojson') ; else if (valid.type === 'countrycoder') {
-             let feature$1 = _cloneDeep(feature(valid.id));
-             let props = feature$1.properties;
-
-             // -> This block of code is weird and requires some explanation. <-
-             // CountryCoder includes higher level features which are made up of members.
-             // These features don't have their own geometry, but CountryCoder provides an
-             //   `aggregateFeature` method to combine these members into a MultiPolygon.
-             // BUT, when we try to actually work with these aggregated MultiPolygons,
-             //   Turf/JSTS gets crashy because of topography bugs.
-             // SO, we'll aggregate the features ourselves by unioning them together.
-             // This approach also has the benefit of removing all the internal boaders and
-             //   simplifying the regional polygons a lot.
-             if (Array.isArray(props.members)) {
-               let seed = feature$1.geometry ? feature$1 : null;
-               let aggregate = props.members.reduce(_locationReducer.bind(this), seed);
-               feature$1.geometry = aggregate.geometry;
-             }
-
-             // ensure area property exists
-             if (!props.area) {
-               const area = geojsonArea.geometry(feature$1.geometry) / 1e6;  // m² to km²
-               props.area = Number(area.toFixed(2));
-             }
-
-             // ensure id property exists
-             feature$1.id = valid.id;
-             props.id = valid.id;
-
-             this._cache[valid.id] = feature$1;
-             return Object.assign(valid, { feature: feature$1 });
-           }
 
-           return null;
-         }
+         oauth.options(o);
+         return oauth;
+       };
 
+       var tiler$2 = utilTiler();
+       var dispatch$2 = dispatch$8('apiStatusChange', 'authLoading', 'authDone', 'change', 'loading', 'loaded', 'loadedNotes');
+       var urlroot = 'https://www.openstreetmap.org';
+       var oauth = osmAuth({
+         url: urlroot,
+         oauth_consumer_key: '5A043yRSEugj4DJ5TljuapfnrflWDte8jTOcWLlT',
+         oauth_secret: 'aB3jKq1TRsCOUrfOIZ6oQMEDmv2ptV76PA54NGLL',
+         loading: authLoading,
+         done: authDone
+       }); // hardcode default block of Google Maps
+
+       var _imageryBlocklists = [/.*\.google(apis)?\..*\/(vt|kh)[\?\/].*([xyz]=.*){3}.*/];
+       var _tileCache = {
+         toLoad: {},
+         loaded: {},
+         inflight: {},
+         seen: {},
+         rtree: new RBush()
+       };
+       var _noteCache = {
+         toLoad: {},
+         loaded: {},
+         inflight: {},
+         inflightPost: {},
+         note: {},
+         closed: {},
+         rtree: new RBush()
+       };
+       var _userCache = {
+         toLoad: {},
+         user: {}
+       };
 
-         // resolveLocationSet
-         //
-         // Pass a `locationSet` Object like:
-         //   `{ include: [ Array ], exclude: [ Array ] }`
-         // Returns a stable identifier string of the form:
-         //   "+[included]-[excluded]"
-         //
-         resolveLocationSet(locationSet) {
-           locationSet = locationSet || {};
-           const resolve = this.resolveLocation.bind(this);
-           let include = (locationSet.include || []).map(resolve).filter(Boolean);
-           let exclude = (locationSet.exclude || []).map(resolve).filter(Boolean);
+       var _cachedApiStatus;
 
-           if (!include.length) {
-             include = [resolve('Q2')];   // default to 'the world'
-           }
+       var _changeset = {};
 
-           // return quickly if it's a single included location..
-           if (include.length === 1 && exclude.length === 0) {
-             return include[0].feature;
-           }
+       var _deferred = new Set();
 
-           // generate stable identifier
-           include.sort(sortFeatures);
-           let id = '+[' + include.map(d => d.id).join(',') + ']';
-           if (exclude.length) {
-             exclude.sort(sortFeatures);
-             id += '-[' + exclude.map(d => d.id).join(',') + ']';
-           }
+       var _connectionID = 1;
+       var _tileZoom = 16;
+       var _noteZoom = 12;
 
-           // return cached?
-           if (this._cache[id]) {
-             return this._cache[id];
-           }
+       var _rateLimitError;
 
-           // calculate unions
-           let includeGeoJSON = include.map(d => d.location).reduce(_locationReducer.bind(this), null);
-           let excludeGeoJSON = exclude.map(d => d.location).reduce(_locationReducer.bind(this), null);
+       var _userChangesets;
 
-           // calculate difference, update area and return result
-           let resultGeoJSON = excludeGeoJSON ? difference(includeGeoJSON, excludeGeoJSON) : includeGeoJSON;
-           const area = geojsonArea.geometry(resultGeoJSON.geometry) / 1e6;  // m² to km²
-           resultGeoJSON.id = id;
-           resultGeoJSON.properties = { id: id, area: Number(area.toFixed(2)) };
+       var _userDetails;
 
-           return this._cache[id] = resultGeoJSON;
+       var _off; // set a default but also load this from the API status
 
 
-           // Sorting the location lists is ok because they end up unioned together.
-           // This sorting makes it possible to generate a deterministic id.
-           function sortFeatures(a, b) {
-             const rank = { countrycoder: 1, geojson: 2, point: 3 };
-             const aRank = rank[a.type];
-             const bRank = rank[b.type];
+       var _maxWayNodes = 2000;
 
-             return (aRank > bRank) ? 1
-               : (aRank < bRank) ? -1
-               : a.id.localeCompare(b.id);
-           }
-         }
+       function authLoading() {
+         dispatch$2.call('authLoading');
+       }
 
+       function authDone() {
+         dispatch$2.call('authDone');
+       }
 
-         cache() {
-           return this._cache;
+       function abortRequest$2(controllerOrXHR) {
+         if (controllerOrXHR) {
+           controllerOrXHR.abort();
          }
        }
 
-       let _oci = null;
+       function hasInflightRequests(cache) {
+         return Object.keys(cache.inflight).length;
+       }
 
-       function uiSuccess(context) {
-         const MAXEVENTS = 2;
-         const dispatch$1 = dispatch('cancel');
-         let _changeset;
-         let _location;
-         ensureOSMCommunityIndex();   // start fetching the data
+       function abortUnwantedRequests(cache, visibleTiles) {
+         Object.keys(cache.inflight).forEach(function (k) {
+           if (cache.toLoad[k]) return;
+           if (visibleTiles.find(function (tile) {
+             return k === tile.id;
+           })) return;
+           abortRequest$2(cache.inflight[k]);
+           delete cache.inflight[k];
+         });
+       }
 
+       function getLoc(attrs) {
+         var lon = attrs.lon && attrs.lon.value;
+         var lat = attrs.lat && attrs.lat.value;
+         return [parseFloat(lon), parseFloat(lat)];
+       }
 
-         function ensureOSMCommunityIndex() {
-           const data = _mainFileFetcher;
-           return Promise.all([ data.get('oci_resources'), data.get('oci_features') ])
-             .then(vals => {
-               if (_oci) return _oci;
-
-               const ociResources = vals[0].resources;
-               const loco = new LocationConflation(vals[1]);
-               let ociFeatures = {};
-
-               Object.values(ociResources).forEach(resource => {
-                 const feature = loco.resolveLocationSet(resource.locationSet);
-                 let ociFeature = ociFeatures[feature.id];
-                 if (!ociFeature) {
-                   ociFeature = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(feature));  // deep clone
-                   ociFeature.properties.resourceIDs = new Set();
-                   ociFeatures[feature.id] = ociFeature;
-                 }
-                 ociFeature.properties.resourceIDs.add(resource.id);
-               });
+       function getNodes(obj) {
+         var elems = obj.getElementsByTagName('nd');
+         var nodes = new Array(elems.length);
 
-               return _oci = {
-                 features: ociFeatures,
-                 resources: ociResources,
-                 query: whichPolygon_1({ type: 'FeatureCollection', features: Object.values(ociFeatures) })
-               };
-             });
+         for (var i = 0, l = elems.length; i < l; i++) {
+           nodes[i] = 'n' + elems[i].attributes.ref.value;
          }
 
+         return nodes;
+       }
 
-         // string-to-date parsing in JavaScript is weird
-         function parseEventDate(when) {
-           if (!when) return;
-
-           let raw = when.trim();
-           if (!raw) return;
-
-           if (!/Z$/.test(raw)) {   // if no trailing 'Z', add one
-             raw += 'Z';            // this forces date to be parsed as a UTC date
-           }
+       function getNodesJSON(obj) {
+         var elems = obj.nodes;
+         var nodes = new Array(elems.length);
 
-           const parsed = new Date(raw);
-           return new Date(parsed.toUTCString().substr(0, 25));  // convert to local timezone
+         for (var i = 0, l = elems.length; i < l; i++) {
+           nodes[i] = 'n' + elems[i];
          }
 
+         return nodes;
+       }
 
-         function success(selection) {
-           let header = selection
-             .append('div')
-             .attr('class', 'header fillL');
-
-           header
-             .append('h3')
-             .text(_t('success.just_edited'));
-
-           header
-             .append('button')
-             .attr('class', 'close')
-             .on('click', () => dispatch$1.call('cancel'))
-             .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-close'));
-
-           let body = selection
-             .append('div')
-             .attr('class', 'body save-success fillL');
-
-           let summary = body
-             .append('div')
-             .attr('class', 'save-summary');
-
-           summary
-             .append('h3')
-             .text(_t('success.thank_you' + (_location ? '_location' : ''), { where: _location }));
-
-           summary
-             .append('p')
-             .text(_t('success.help_html'))
-             .append('a')
-             .attr('class', 'link-out')
-             .attr('target', '_blank')
-             .attr('tabindex', -1)
-             .attr('href', _t('success.help_link_url'))
-             .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-out-link', 'inline'))
-             .append('span')
-             .text(_t('success.help_link_text'));
-
-           let osm = context.connection();
-           if (!osm) return;
-
-           let changesetURL = osm.changesetURL(_changeset.id);
-
-           let table = summary
-             .append('table')
-             .attr('class', 'summary-table');
-
-           let row = table
-             .append('tr')
-             .attr('class', 'summary-row');
-
-           row
-             .append('td')
-             .attr('class', 'cell-icon summary-icon')
-             .append('a')
-             .attr('target', '_blank')
-             .attr('href', changesetURL)
-             .append('svg')
-             .attr('class', 'logo-small')
-             .append('use')
-             .attr('xlink:href', '#iD-logo-osm');
-
-           let summaryDetail = row
-             .append('td')
-             .attr('class', 'cell-detail summary-detail');
-
-           summaryDetail
-             .append('a')
-             .attr('class', 'cell-detail summary-view-on-osm')
-             .attr('target', '_blank')
-             .attr('href', changesetURL)
-             .text(_t('success.view_on_osm'));
-
-           summaryDetail
-             .append('div')
-             .html(_t('success.changeset_id', {
-               changeset_id: `<a href="${changesetURL}" target="_blank">${_changeset.id}</a>`
-             }));
+       function getTags(obj) {
+         var elems = obj.getElementsByTagName('tag');
+         var tags = {};
 
+         for (var i = 0, l = elems.length; i < l; i++) {
+           var attrs = elems[i].attributes;
+           tags[attrs.k.value] = attrs.v.value;
+         }
 
-           // Get OSM community index features intersecting the map..
-           ensureOSMCommunityIndex()
-             .then(oci => {
-               let communities = [];
-               const properties = oci.query(context.map().center(), true) || [];
-
-               // Gather the communities from the result
-               properties.forEach(props => {
-                 const resourceIDs = Array.from(props.resourceIDs);
-                 resourceIDs.forEach(resourceID => {
-                   const resource = oci.resources[resourceID];
-                   communities.push({
-                     area: props.area || Infinity,
-                     order: resource.order || 0,
-                     resource: resource
-                   });
-                 });
-               });
+         return tags;
+       }
 
-               // sort communities by feature area ascending, community order descending
-               communities.sort((a, b) => a.area - b.area || b.order - a.order);
+       function getMembers(obj) {
+         var elems = obj.getElementsByTagName('member');
+         var members = new Array(elems.length);
 
-               body
-                 .call(showCommunityLinks, communities.map(c => c.resource));
-             });
+         for (var i = 0, l = elems.length; i < l; i++) {
+           var attrs = elems[i].attributes;
+           members[i] = {
+             id: attrs.type.value[0] + attrs.ref.value,
+             type: attrs.type.value,
+             role: attrs.role.value
+           };
          }
 
+         return members;
+       }
 
-         function showCommunityLinks(selection, resources) {
-           let communityLinks = selection
-             .append('div')
-             .attr('class', 'save-communityLinks');
-
-           communityLinks
-             .append('h3')
-             .text(_t('success.like_osm'));
-
-           let table = communityLinks
-             .append('table')
-             .attr('class', 'community-table');
-
-           let row = table.selectAll('.community-row')
-             .data(resources);
-
-           let rowEnter = row.enter()
-             .append('tr')
-             .attr('class', 'community-row');
-
-           rowEnter
-             .append('td')
-             .attr('class', 'cell-icon community-icon')
-             .append('a')
-             .attr('target', '_blank')
-             .attr('href', d => d.url)
-             .append('svg')
-             .attr('class', 'logo-small')
-             .append('use')
-             .attr('xlink:href', d => `#community-${d.type}`);
-
-           let communityDetail = rowEnter
-             .append('td')
-             .attr('class', 'cell-detail community-detail');
-
-           communityDetail
-             .each(showCommunityDetails);
-
-           communityLinks
-             .append('div')
-             .attr('class', 'community-missing')
-             .text(_t('success.missing'))
-             .append('a')
-             .attr('class', 'link-out')
-             .attr('target', '_blank')
-             .attr('tabindex', -1)
-             .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-out-link', 'inline'))
-             .attr('href', 'https://github.com/osmlab/osm-community-index/issues')
-             .append('span')
-             .text(_t('success.tell_us'));
-         }
-
+       function getMembersJSON(obj) {
+         var elems = obj.members;
+         var members = new Array(elems.length);
 
-         function showCommunityDetails(d) {
-           let selection = select(this);
-           let communityID = d.id;
-           let replacements = {
-             url: linkify(d.url),
-             signupUrl: linkify(d.signupUrl || d.url)
+         for (var i = 0, l = elems.length; i < l; i++) {
+           var attrs = elems[i];
+           members[i] = {
+             id: attrs.type[0] + attrs.ref,
+             type: attrs.type,
+             role: attrs.role
            };
+         }
 
-           selection
-             .append('div')
-             .attr('class', 'community-name')
-             .append('a')
-             .attr('target', '_blank')
-             .attr('href', d.url)
-             .text(_t(`community.${d.id}.name`));
-
-           let descriptionHTML = _t(`community.${d.id}.description`, replacements);
-
-           if (d.type === 'reddit') {   // linkify subreddits  #4997
-             descriptionHTML = descriptionHTML
-               .replace(/(\/r\/\w*\/*)/i, match => linkify(d.url, match));
-           }
-
-           selection
-             .append('div')
-             .attr('class', 'community-description')
-             .html(descriptionHTML);
-
-           if (d.extendedDescription || (d.languageCodes && d.languageCodes.length)) {
-             selection
-               .append('div')
-               .call(uiDisclosure(context, `community-more-${d.id}`, false)
-                 .expanded(false)
-                 .updatePreference(false)
-                 .title(_t('success.more'))
-                 .content(showMore)
-               );
-           }
+         return members;
+       }
 
-           let nextEvents = (d.events || [])
-             .map(event => {
-               event.date = parseEventDate(event.when);
-               return event;
-             })
-             .filter(event => {      // date is valid and future (or today)
-               const t = event.date.getTime();
-               const now = (new Date()).setHours(0,0,0,0);
-               return !isNaN(t) && t >= now;
-             })
-             .sort((a, b) => {       // sort by date ascending
-               return a.date < b.date ? -1 : a.date > b.date ? 1 : 0;
-             })
-             .slice(0, MAXEVENTS);   // limit number of events shown
+       function getVisible(attrs) {
+         return !attrs.visible || attrs.visible.value !== 'false';
+       }
 
-           if (nextEvents.length) {
-             selection
-               .append('div')
-               .call(uiDisclosure(context, `community-events-${d.id}`, false)
-                 .expanded(false)
-                 .updatePreference(false)
-                 .title(_t('success.events'))
-                 .content(showNextEvents)
-               )
-               .select('.hide-toggle')
-               .append('span')
-               .attr('class', 'badge-text')
-               .text(nextEvents.length);
-           }
+       function parseComments(comments) {
+         var parsedComments = []; // for each comment
 
+         for (var i = 0; i < comments.length; i++) {
+           var comment = comments[i];
 
-           function showMore(selection) {
-             let more = selection.selectAll('.community-more')
-               .data([0]);
+           if (comment.nodeName === 'comment') {
+             var childNodes = comment.childNodes;
+             var parsedComment = {};
 
-             let moreEnter = more.enter()
-               .append('div')
-               .attr('class', 'community-more');
+             for (var j = 0; j < childNodes.length; j++) {
+               var node = childNodes[j];
+               var nodeName = node.nodeName;
+               if (nodeName === '#text') continue;
+               parsedComment[nodeName] = node.textContent;
 
-             if (d.extendedDescription) {
-               moreEnter
-                 .append('div')
-                 .attr('class', 'community-extended-description')
-                 .html(_t(`community.${d.id}.extendedDescription`, replacements));
-             }
+               if (nodeName === 'uid') {
+                 var uid = node.textContent;
 
-             if (d.languageCodes && d.languageCodes.length) {
-               const languageList = d.languageCodes
-                 .map(code => _mainLocalizer.languageName(code))
-                 .join(', ');
+                 if (uid && !_userCache.user[uid]) {
+                   _userCache.toLoad[uid] = true;
+                 }
+               }
+             }
 
-               moreEnter
-                 .append('div')
-                 .attr('class', 'community-languages')
-                 .text(_t('success.languages', { languages: languageList }));
+             if (parsedComment) {
+               parsedComments.push(parsedComment);
              }
            }
+         }
 
+         return parsedComments;
+       }
 
-           function showNextEvents(selection) {
-             let events = selection
-               .append('div')
-               .attr('class', 'community-events');
-
-             let item = events.selectAll('.community-event')
-               .data(nextEvents);
+       function encodeNoteRtree(note) {
+         return {
+           minX: note.loc[0],
+           minY: note.loc[1],
+           maxX: note.loc[0],
+           maxY: note.loc[1],
+           data: note
+         };
+       }
 
-             let itemEnter = item.enter()
-               .append('div')
-               .attr('class', 'community-event');
+       var jsonparsers = {
+         node: function nodeData(obj, uid) {
+           return new osmNode({
+             id: uid,
+             visible: typeof obj.visible === 'boolean' ? obj.visible : true,
+             version: obj.version && obj.version.toString(),
+             changeset: obj.changeset && obj.changeset.toString(),
+             timestamp: obj.timestamp,
+             user: obj.user,
+             uid: obj.uid && obj.uid.toString(),
+             loc: [parseFloat(obj.lon), parseFloat(obj.lat)],
+             tags: obj.tags
+           });
+         },
+         way: function wayData(obj, uid) {
+           return new osmWay({
+             id: uid,
+             visible: typeof obj.visible === 'boolean' ? obj.visible : true,
+             version: obj.version && obj.version.toString(),
+             changeset: obj.changeset && obj.changeset.toString(),
+             timestamp: obj.timestamp,
+             user: obj.user,
+             uid: obj.uid && obj.uid.toString(),
+             tags: obj.tags,
+             nodes: getNodesJSON(obj)
+           });
+         },
+         relation: function relationData(obj, uid) {
+           return new osmRelation({
+             id: uid,
+             visible: typeof obj.visible === 'boolean' ? obj.visible : true,
+             version: obj.version && obj.version.toString(),
+             changeset: obj.changeset && obj.changeset.toString(),
+             timestamp: obj.timestamp,
+             user: obj.user,
+             uid: obj.uid && obj.uid.toString(),
+             tags: obj.tags,
+             members: getMembersJSON(obj)
+           });
+         },
+         user: function parseUser(obj, uid) {
+           return {
+             id: uid,
+             display_name: obj.display_name,
+             account_created: obj.account_created,
+             image_url: obj.img && obj.img.href,
+             changesets_count: obj.changesets && obj.changesets.count && obj.changesets.count.toString() || '0',
+             active_blocks: obj.blocks && obj.blocks.received && obj.blocks.received.active && obj.blocks.received.active.toString() || '0'
+           };
+         }
+       };
 
-             itemEnter
-               .append('div')
-               .attr('class', 'community-event-name')
-               .append('a')
-               .attr('target', '_blank')
-               .attr('href', d => d.url)
-               .text(d => {
-                 let name = d.name;
-                 if (d.i18n && d.id) {
-                   name = _t(`community.${communityID}.events.${d.id}.name`, { default: name });
-                 }
-                 return name;
-               });
+       function parseJSON(payload, callback, options) {
+         options = Object.assign({
+           skipSeen: true
+         }, options);
+
+         if (!payload) {
+           return callback({
+             message: 'No JSON',
+             status: -1
+           });
+         }
 
-             itemEnter
-               .append('div')
-               .attr('class', 'community-event-when')
-               .text(d => {
-                 let options = { weekday: 'short', day: 'numeric', month: 'short', year: 'numeric' };
-                 if (d.date.getHours() || d.date.getMinutes()) {   // include time if it has one
-                   options.hour = 'numeric';
-                   options.minute = 'numeric';
-                 }
-                 return d.date.toLocaleString(_mainLocalizer.localeCode(), options);
-               });
+         var json = payload;
+         if (_typeof(json) !== 'object') json = JSON.parse(payload);
+         if (!json.elements) return callback({
+           message: 'No JSON',
+           status: -1
+         });
+         var children = json.elements;
+         var handle = window.requestIdleCallback(function () {
+           _deferred["delete"](handle);
 
-             itemEnter
-               .append('div')
-               .attr('class', 'community-event-where')
-               .text(d => {
-                 let where = d.where;
-                 if (d.i18n && d.id) {
-                   where = _t(`community.${communityID}.events.${d.id}.where`, { default: where });
-                 }
-                 return where;
-               });
+           var results = [];
+           var result;
 
-             itemEnter
-               .append('div')
-               .attr('class', 'community-event-description')
-               .text(d => {
-                 let description = d.description;
-                 if (d.i18n && d.id) {
-                   description = _t(`community.${communityID}.events.${d.id}.description`, { default: description });
-                 }
-                 return description;
-               });
+           for (var i = 0; i < children.length; i++) {
+             result = parseChild(children[i]);
+             if (result) results.push(result);
            }
 
+           callback(null, results);
+         });
 
-           function linkify(url, text) {
-             text = text || url;
-             return `<a target="_blank" href="${url}">${text}</a>`;
-           }
-         }
+         _deferred.add(handle);
 
+         function parseChild(child) {
+           var parser = jsonparsers[child.type];
+           if (!parser) return null;
+           var uid;
+           uid = osmEntity.id.fromOSM(child.type, child.id);
 
-         success.changeset = function(val) {
-           if (!arguments.length) return _changeset;
-           _changeset = val;
-           return success;
-         };
+           if (options.skipSeen) {
+             if (_tileCache.seen[uid]) return null; // avoid reparsing a "seen" entity
 
+             _tileCache.seen[uid] = true;
+           }
 
-         success.location = function(val) {
-           if (!arguments.length) return _location;
-           _location = val;
-           return success;
-         };
+           return parser(child, uid);
+         }
+       }
 
+       function parseUserJSON(payload, callback, options) {
+         options = Object.assign({
+           skipSeen: true
+         }, options);
 
-         return utilRebind(success, dispatch$1, 'on');
-       }
+         if (!payload) {
+           return callback({
+             message: 'No JSON',
+             status: -1
+           });
+         }
 
-       function modeSave(context) {
-           var mode = { id: 'save' };
-           var keybinding = utilKeybinding('modeSave');
+         var json = payload;
+         if (_typeof(json) !== 'object') json = JSON.parse(payload);
+         if (!json.users && !json.user) return callback({
+           message: 'No JSON',
+           status: -1
+         });
+         var objs = json.users || [json];
+         var handle = window.requestIdleCallback(function () {
+           _deferred["delete"](handle);
 
-           var commit = uiCommit(context)
-               .on('cancel', cancel);
-           var _conflictsUi; // uiConflicts
+           var results = [];
+           var result;
 
-           var _location;
-           var _success;
+           for (var i = 0; i < objs.length; i++) {
+             result = parseObj(objs[i]);
+             if (result) results.push(result);
+           }
 
-           var uploader = context.uploader()
-               .on('saveStarted.modeSave', function() {
-                   keybindingOff();
-               })
-               // fire off some async work that we want to be ready later
-               .on('willAttemptUpload.modeSave', prepareForSuccess)
-               .on('progressChanged.modeSave', showProgress)
-               .on('resultNoChanges.modeSave', function() {
-                   cancel();
-               })
-               .on('resultErrors.modeSave', showErrors)
-               .on('resultConflicts.modeSave', showConflicts)
-               .on('resultSuccess.modeSave', showSuccess);
+           callback(null, results);
+         });
 
+         _deferred.add(handle);
 
-           function cancel() {
-               context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+         function parseObj(obj) {
+           var uid = obj.user.id && obj.user.id.toString();
+
+           if (options.skipSeen && _userCache.user[uid]) {
+             delete _userCache.toLoad[uid];
+             return null;
            }
 
+           var user = jsonparsers.user(obj.user, uid);
+           _userCache.user[uid] = user;
+           delete _userCache.toLoad[uid];
+           return user;
+         }
+       }
 
-           function showProgress(num, total) {
-               var modal = context.container().select('.loading-modal .modal-section');
-               var progress = modal.selectAll('.progress')
-                   .data([0]);
+       var parsers = {
+         node: function nodeData(obj, uid) {
+           var attrs = obj.attributes;
+           return new osmNode({
+             id: uid,
+             visible: getVisible(attrs),
+             version: attrs.version.value,
+             changeset: attrs.changeset && attrs.changeset.value,
+             timestamp: attrs.timestamp && attrs.timestamp.value,
+             user: attrs.user && attrs.user.value,
+             uid: attrs.uid && attrs.uid.value,
+             loc: getLoc(attrs),
+             tags: getTags(obj)
+           });
+         },
+         way: function wayData(obj, uid) {
+           var attrs = obj.attributes;
+           return new osmWay({
+             id: uid,
+             visible: getVisible(attrs),
+             version: attrs.version.value,
+             changeset: attrs.changeset && attrs.changeset.value,
+             timestamp: attrs.timestamp && attrs.timestamp.value,
+             user: attrs.user && attrs.user.value,
+             uid: attrs.uid && attrs.uid.value,
+             tags: getTags(obj),
+             nodes: getNodes(obj)
+           });
+         },
+         relation: function relationData(obj, uid) {
+           var attrs = obj.attributes;
+           return new osmRelation({
+             id: uid,
+             visible: getVisible(attrs),
+             version: attrs.version.value,
+             changeset: attrs.changeset && attrs.changeset.value,
+             timestamp: attrs.timestamp && attrs.timestamp.value,
+             user: attrs.user && attrs.user.value,
+             uid: attrs.uid && attrs.uid.value,
+             tags: getTags(obj),
+             members: getMembers(obj)
+           });
+         },
+         note: function parseNote(obj, uid) {
+           var attrs = obj.attributes;
+           var childNodes = obj.childNodes;
+           var props = {};
+           props.id = uid;
+           props.loc = getLoc(attrs); // if notes are coincident, move them apart slightly
 
-               // enter/update
-               progress.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'progress')
-                   .merge(progress)
-                   .text(_t('save.conflict_progress', { num: num, total: total }));
-           }
+           var coincident = false;
+           var epsilon = 0.00001;
 
+           do {
+             if (coincident) {
+               props.loc = geoVecAdd(props.loc, [epsilon, epsilon]);
+             }
 
-           function showConflicts(changeset, conflicts, origChanges) {
+             var bbox = geoExtent(props.loc).bbox();
+             coincident = _noteCache.rtree.search(bbox).length;
+           } while (coincident); // parse note contents
 
-               var selection = context.container()
-                   .select('.sidebar')
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class','sidebar-component');
-
-               context.container().selectAll('.main-content')
-                   .classed('active', true)
-                   .classed('inactive', false);
-
-               _conflictsUi = uiConflicts(context)
-                   .conflictList(conflicts)
-                   .origChanges(origChanges)
-                   .on('cancel', function() {
-                       context.container().selectAll('.main-content')
-                           .classed('active', false)
-                           .classed('inactive', true);
-                       selection.remove();
-                       keybindingOn();
-
-                       uploader.cancelConflictResolution();
-                   })
-                   .on('save', function() {
-                       context.container().selectAll('.main-content')
-                           .classed('active', false)
-                           .classed('inactive', true);
-                       selection.remove();
-
-                       uploader.processResolvedConflicts(changeset);
-                   });
 
-               selection.call(_conflictsUi);
+           for (var i = 0; i < childNodes.length; i++) {
+             var node = childNodes[i];
+             var nodeName = node.nodeName;
+             if (nodeName === '#text') continue; // if the element is comments, parse the comments
+
+             if (nodeName === 'comments') {
+               props[nodeName] = parseComments(node.childNodes);
+             } else {
+               props[nodeName] = node.textContent;
+             }
            }
 
+           var note = new osmNote(props);
+           var item = encodeNoteRtree(note);
+           _noteCache.note[note.id] = note;
 
-           function showErrors(errors) {
-               keybindingOn();
+           _noteCache.rtree.insert(item);
 
-               var selection = uiConfirm(context.container());
-               selection
-                   .select('.modal-section.header')
-                   .append('h3')
-                   .text(_t('save.error'));
+           return note;
+         },
+         user: function parseUser(obj, uid) {
+           var attrs = obj.attributes;
+           var user = {
+             id: uid,
+             display_name: attrs.display_name && attrs.display_name.value,
+             account_created: attrs.account_created && attrs.account_created.value,
+             changesets_count: '0',
+             active_blocks: '0'
+           };
+           var img = obj.getElementsByTagName('img');
 
-               addErrors(selection, errors);
-               selection.okButton();
+           if (img && img[0] && img[0].getAttribute('href')) {
+             user.image_url = img[0].getAttribute('href');
            }
 
+           var changesets = obj.getElementsByTagName('changesets');
 
-           function addErrors(selection, data) {
-               var message = selection
-                   .select('.modal-section.message-text');
-
-               var items = message
-                   .selectAll('.error-container')
-                   .data(data);
+           if (changesets && changesets[0] && changesets[0].getAttribute('count')) {
+             user.changesets_count = changesets[0].getAttribute('count');
+           }
 
-               var enter = items.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'error-container');
-
-               enter
-                   .append('a')
-                   .attr('class', 'error-description')
-                   .attr('href', '#')
-                   .classed('hide-toggle', true)
-                   .text(function(d) { return d.msg || _t('save.unknown_error_details'); })
-                   .on('click', function() {
-                       event.preventDefault();
-
-                       var error = select(this);
-                       var detail = select(this.nextElementSibling);
-                       var exp = error.classed('expanded');
-
-                       detail.style('display', exp ? 'none' : 'block');
-                       error.classed('expanded', !exp);
-                   });
+           var blocks = obj.getElementsByTagName('blocks');
 
-               var details = enter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'error-detail-container')
-                   .style('display', 'none');
-
-               details
-                   .append('ul')
-                   .attr('class', 'error-detail-list')
-                   .selectAll('li')
-                   .data(function(d) { return d.details || []; })
-                   .enter()
-                   .append('li')
-                   .attr('class', 'error-detail-item')
-                   .text(function(d) { return d; });
+           if (blocks && blocks[0]) {
+             var received = blocks[0].getElementsByTagName('received');
 
-               items.exit()
-                   .remove();
+             if (received && received[0] && received[0].getAttribute('active')) {
+               user.active_blocks = received[0].getAttribute('active');
+             }
            }
 
+           _userCache.user[uid] = user;
+           delete _userCache.toLoad[uid];
+           return user;
+         }
+       };
+
+       function parseXML(xml, callback, options) {
+         options = Object.assign({
+           skipSeen: true
+         }, options);
+
+         if (!xml || !xml.childNodes) {
+           return callback({
+             message: 'No XML',
+             status: -1
+           });
+         }
 
-           function showSuccess(changeset) {
-               commit.reset();
+         var root = xml.childNodes[0];
+         var children = root.childNodes;
+         var handle = window.requestIdleCallback(function () {
+           _deferred["delete"](handle);
 
-               var ui = _success
-                   .changeset(changeset)
-                   .location(_location)
-                   .on('cancel', function() { context.ui().sidebar.hide(); });
+           var results = [];
+           var result;
 
-               context.enter(modeBrowse(context).sidebar(ui));
+           for (var i = 0; i < children.length; i++) {
+             result = parseChild(children[i]);
+             if (result) results.push(result);
            }
 
+           callback(null, results);
+         });
 
-           function keybindingOn() {
-               select(document)
-                   .call(keybinding.on('⎋', cancel, true));
-           }
+         _deferred.add(handle);
+
+         function parseChild(child) {
+           var parser = parsers[child.nodeName];
+           if (!parser) return null;
+           var uid;
+
+           if (child.nodeName === 'user') {
+             uid = child.attributes.id.value;
 
+             if (options.skipSeen && _userCache.user[uid]) {
+               delete _userCache.toLoad[uid];
+               return null;
+             }
+           } else if (child.nodeName === 'note') {
+             uid = child.getElementsByTagName('id')[0].textContent;
+           } else {
+             uid = osmEntity.id.fromOSM(child.nodeName, child.attributes.id.value);
 
-           function keybindingOff() {
-               select(document)
-                   .call(keybinding.unbind);
+             if (options.skipSeen) {
+               if (_tileCache.seen[uid]) return null; // avoid reparsing a "seen" entity
+
+               _tileCache.seen[uid] = true;
+             }
            }
 
+           return parser(child, uid);
+         }
+       } // replace or remove note from rtree
 
-           // Reverse geocode current map location so we can display a message on
-           // the success screen like "Thank you for editing around place, region."
-           function prepareForSuccess() {
-               _success = uiSuccess(context);
-               _location = null;
-               if (!services.geocoder) return;
 
-               services.geocoder.reverse(context.map().center(), function(err, result) {
-                   if (err || !result || !result.address) return;
+       function updateRtree(item, replace) {
+         _noteCache.rtree.remove(item, function isEql(a, b) {
+           return a.data.id === b.data.id;
+         });
 
-                   var addr = result.address;
-                   var place = (addr && (addr.town || addr.city || addr.county)) || '';
-                   var region = (addr && (addr.state || addr.country)) || '';
-                   var separator = (place && region) ? _t('success.thank_you_where.separator') : '';
+         if (replace) {
+           _noteCache.rtree.insert(item);
+         }
+       }
 
-                   _location = _t('success.thank_you_where.format',
-                       { place: place, separator: separator, region: region }
-                   );
-               });
+       function wrapcb(thisArg, callback, cid) {
+         return function (err, result) {
+           if (err) {
+             // 400 Bad Request, 401 Unauthorized, 403 Forbidden..
+             if (err.status === 400 || err.status === 401 || err.status === 403) {
+               thisArg.logout();
+             }
+
+             return callback.call(thisArg, err);
+           } else if (thisArg.getConnectionId() !== cid) {
+             return callback.call(thisArg, {
+               message: 'Connection Switched',
+               status: -1
+             });
+           } else {
+             return callback.call(thisArg, err, result);
            }
+         };
+       }
 
+       var serviceOsm = {
+         init: function init() {
+           utilRebind(this, dispatch$2, 'on');
+         },
+         reset: function reset() {
+           Array.from(_deferred).forEach(function (handle) {
+             window.cancelIdleCallback(handle);
 
-           mode.selectedIDs = function() {
-               return _conflictsUi ? _conflictsUi.shownEntityIds() : [];
+             _deferred["delete"](handle);
+           });
+           _connectionID++;
+           _userChangesets = undefined;
+           _userDetails = undefined;
+           _rateLimitError = undefined;
+           Object.values(_tileCache.inflight).forEach(abortRequest$2);
+           Object.values(_noteCache.inflight).forEach(abortRequest$2);
+           Object.values(_noteCache.inflightPost).forEach(abortRequest$2);
+           if (_changeset.inflight) abortRequest$2(_changeset.inflight);
+           _tileCache = {
+             toLoad: {},
+             loaded: {},
+             inflight: {},
+             seen: {},
+             rtree: new RBush()
            };
+           _noteCache = {
+             toLoad: {},
+             loaded: {},
+             inflight: {},
+             inflightPost: {},
+             note: {},
+             closed: {},
+             rtree: new RBush()
+           };
+           _userCache = {
+             toLoad: {},
+             user: {}
+           };
+           _cachedApiStatus = undefined;
+           _changeset = {};
+           return this;
+         },
+         getConnectionId: function getConnectionId() {
+           return _connectionID;
+         },
+         changesetURL: function changesetURL(changesetID) {
+           return urlroot + '/changeset/' + changesetID;
+         },
+         changesetsURL: function changesetsURL(center, zoom) {
+           var precision = Math.max(0, Math.ceil(Math.log(zoom) / Math.LN2));
+           return urlroot + '/history#map=' + Math.floor(zoom) + '/' + center[1].toFixed(precision) + '/' + center[0].toFixed(precision);
+         },
+         entityURL: function entityURL(entity) {
+           return urlroot + '/' + entity.type + '/' + entity.osmId();
+         },
+         historyURL: function historyURL(entity) {
+           return urlroot + '/' + entity.type + '/' + entity.osmId() + '/history';
+         },
+         userURL: function userURL(username) {
+           return urlroot + '/user/' + username;
+         },
+         noteURL: function noteURL(note) {
+           return urlroot + '/note/' + note.id;
+         },
+         noteReportURL: function noteReportURL(note) {
+           return urlroot + '/reports/new?reportable_type=Note&reportable_id=' + note.id;
+         },
+         // Generic method to load data from the OSM API
+         // Can handle either auth or unauth calls.
+         loadFromAPI: function loadFromAPI(path, callback, options) {
+           options = Object.assign({
+             skipSeen: true
+           }, options);
+           var that = this;
+           var cid = _connectionID;
+
+           function done(err, payload) {
+             if (that.getConnectionId() !== cid) {
+               if (callback) callback({
+                 message: 'Connection Switched',
+                 status: -1
+               });
+               return;
+             }
 
+             var isAuthenticated = that.authenticated(); // 400 Bad Request, 401 Unauthorized, 403 Forbidden
+             // Logout and retry the request..
 
-           mode.enter = function() {
-               // Show sidebar
-               context.ui().sidebar.expand();
-
-               function done() {
-                   context.ui().sidebar.show(commit);
+             if (isAuthenticated && err && err.status && (err.status === 400 || err.status === 401 || err.status === 403)) {
+               that.logout();
+               that.loadFromAPI(path, callback, options); // else, no retry..
+             } else {
+               // 509 Bandwidth Limit Exceeded, 429 Too Many Requests
+               // Set the rateLimitError flag and trigger a warning..
+               if (!isAuthenticated && !_rateLimitError && err && err.status && (err.status === 509 || err.status === 429)) {
+                 _rateLimitError = err;
+                 dispatch$2.call('change');
+                 that.reloadApiStatus();
+               } else if (err && _cachedApiStatus === 'online' || !err && _cachedApiStatus !== 'online') {
+                 // If the response's error state doesn't match the status,
+                 // it's likely we lost or gained the connection so reload the status
+                 that.reloadApiStatus();
+               }
+
+               if (callback) {
+                 if (err) {
+                   return callback(err);
+                 } else {
+                   if (path.indexOf('.json') !== -1) {
+                     return parseJSON(payload, callback, options);
+                   } else {
+                     return parseXML(payload, callback, options);
+                   }
+                 }
                }
+             }
+           }
 
-               keybindingOn();
+           if (this.authenticated()) {
+             return oauth.xhr({
+               method: 'GET',
+               path: path
+             }, done);
+           } else {
+             var url = urlroot + path;
+             var controller = new AbortController();
+             var fn;
 
-               context.container().selectAll('.main-content')
-                   .classed('active', false)
-                   .classed('inactive', true);
+             if (path.indexOf('.json') !== -1) {
+               fn = d3_json;
+             } else {
+               fn = d3_xml;
+             }
 
-               var osm = context.connection();
-               if (!osm) {
-                   cancel();
-                   return;
-               }
+             fn(url, {
+               signal: controller.signal
+             }).then(function (data) {
+               done(null, data);
+             })["catch"](function (err) {
+               if (err.name === 'AbortError') return; // d3-fetch includes status in the error message,
+               // but we can't access the response itself
+               // https://github.com/d3/d3-fetch/issues/27
+
+               var match = err.message.match(/^\d{3}/);
 
-               if (osm.authenticated()) {
-                   done();
+               if (match) {
+                 done({
+                   status: +match[0],
+                   statusText: err.message
+                 });
                } else {
-                   osm.authenticate(function(err) {
-                       if (err) {
-                           cancel();
-                       } else {
-                           done();
-                       }
-                   });
+                 done(err.message);
                }
+             });
+             return controller;
+           }
+         },
+         // Load a single entity by id (ways and relations use the `/full` call to include
+         // nodes and members). Parent relations are not included, see `loadEntityRelations`.
+         // GET /api/0.6/node/#id
+         // GET /api/0.6/[way|relation]/#id/full
+         loadEntity: function loadEntity(id, callback) {
+           var type = osmEntity.id.type(id);
+           var osmID = osmEntity.id.toOSM(id);
+           var options = {
+             skipSeen: false
+           };
+           this.loadFromAPI('/api/0.6/' + type + '/' + osmID + (type !== 'node' ? '/full' : '') + '.json', function (err, entities) {
+             if (callback) callback(err, {
+               data: entities
+             });
+           }, options);
+         },
+         // Load a single entity with a specific version
+         // GET /api/0.6/[node|way|relation]/#id/#version
+         loadEntityVersion: function loadEntityVersion(id, version, callback) {
+           var type = osmEntity.id.type(id);
+           var osmID = osmEntity.id.toOSM(id);
+           var options = {
+             skipSeen: false
+           };
+           this.loadFromAPI('/api/0.6/' + type + '/' + osmID + '/' + version + '.json', function (err, entities) {
+             if (callback) callback(err, {
+               data: entities
+             });
+           }, options);
+         },
+         // Load the relations of a single entity with the given.
+         // GET /api/0.6/[node|way|relation]/#id/relations
+         loadEntityRelations: function loadEntityRelations(id, callback) {
+           var type = osmEntity.id.type(id);
+           var osmID = osmEntity.id.toOSM(id);
+           var options = {
+             skipSeen: false
            };
+           this.loadFromAPI('/api/0.6/' + type + '/' + osmID + '/relations.json', function (err, entities) {
+             if (callback) callback(err, {
+               data: entities
+             });
+           }, options);
+         },
+         // Load multiple entities in chunks
+         // (note: callback may be called multiple times)
+         // Unlike `loadEntity`, child nodes and members are not fetched
+         // GET /api/0.6/[nodes|ways|relations]?#parameters
+         loadMultiple: function loadMultiple(ids, callback) {
+           var that = this;
+           var groups = utilArrayGroupBy(utilArrayUniq(ids), osmEntity.id.type);
+           Object.keys(groups).forEach(function (k) {
+             var type = k + 's'; // nodes, ways, relations
+
+             var osmIDs = groups[k].map(function (id) {
+               return osmEntity.id.toOSM(id);
+             });
+             var options = {
+               skipSeen: false
+             };
+             utilArrayChunk(osmIDs, 150).forEach(function (arr) {
+               that.loadFromAPI('/api/0.6/' + type + '.json?' + type + '=' + arr.join(), function (err, entities) {
+                 if (callback) callback(err, {
+                   data: entities
+                 });
+               }, options);
+             });
+           });
+         },
+         // Create, upload, and close a changeset
+         // PUT /api/0.6/changeset/create
+         // POST /api/0.6/changeset/#id/upload
+         // PUT /api/0.6/changeset/#id/close
+         putChangeset: function putChangeset(changeset, changes, callback) {
+           var cid = _connectionID;
+
+           if (_changeset.inflight) {
+             return callback({
+               message: 'Changeset already inflight',
+               status: -2
+             }, changeset);
+           } else if (_changeset.open) {
+             // reuse existing open changeset..
+             return createdChangeset.call(this, null, _changeset.open);
+           } else {
+             // Open a new changeset..
+             var options = {
+               method: 'PUT',
+               path: '/api/0.6/changeset/create',
+               options: {
+                 header: {
+                   'Content-Type': 'text/xml'
+                 }
+               },
+               content: JXON.stringify(changeset.asJXON())
+             };
+             _changeset.inflight = oauth.xhr(options, wrapcb(this, createdChangeset, cid));
+           }
 
+           function createdChangeset(err, changesetID) {
+             _changeset.inflight = null;
 
-           mode.exit = function() {
+             if (err) {
+               return callback(err, changeset);
+             }
 
-               keybindingOff();
+             _changeset.open = changesetID;
+             changeset = changeset.update({
+               id: changesetID
+             }); // Upload the changeset..
 
-               context.container().selectAll('.main-content')
-                   .classed('active', true)
-                   .classed('inactive', false);
+             var options = {
+               method: 'POST',
+               path: '/api/0.6/changeset/' + changesetID + '/upload',
+               options: {
+                 header: {
+                   'Content-Type': 'text/xml'
+                 }
+               },
+               content: JXON.stringify(changeset.osmChangeJXON(changes))
+             };
+             _changeset.inflight = oauth.xhr(options, wrapcb(this, uploadedChangeset, cid));
+           }
 
-               context.ui().sidebar.hide();
-           };
+           function uploadedChangeset(err) {
+             _changeset.inflight = null;
+             if (err) return callback(err, changeset); // Upload was successful, safe to call the callback.
+             // Add delay to allow for postgres replication #1646 #2678
 
-           return mode;
-       }
+             window.setTimeout(function () {
+               callback(null, changeset);
+             }, 2500);
+             _changeset.open = null; // At this point, we don't really care if the connection was switched..
+             // Only try to close the changeset if we're still talking to the same server.
 
-       function uiToolOldDrawModes(context) {
+             if (this.getConnectionId() === cid) {
+               // Still attempt to close changeset, but ignore response because #2667
+               oauth.xhr({
+                 method: 'PUT',
+                 path: '/api/0.6/changeset/' + changeset.id + '/close',
+                 options: {
+                   header: {
+                     'Content-Type': 'text/xml'
+                   }
+                 }
+               }, function () {
+                 return true;
+               });
+             }
+           }
+         },
+         // Load multiple users in chunks
+         // (note: callback may be called multiple times)
+         // GET /api/0.6/users?users=#id1,#id2,...,#idn
+         loadUsers: function loadUsers(uids, callback) {
+           var toLoad = [];
+           var cached = [];
+           utilArrayUniq(uids).forEach(function (uid) {
+             if (_userCache.user[uid]) {
+               delete _userCache.toLoad[uid];
+               cached.push(_userCache.user[uid]);
+             } else {
+               toLoad.push(uid);
+             }
+           });
 
-           var tool = {
-               id: 'old_modes',
-               label: _t('toolbar.add_feature')
-           };
+           if (cached.length || !this.authenticated()) {
+             callback(undefined, cached);
+             if (!this.authenticated()) return; // require auth
+           }
 
-           var modes = [
-               modeAddPoint(context, {
-                   title: _t('modes.add_point.title'),
-                   button: 'point',
-                   description: _t('modes.add_point.description'),
-                   preset: _mainPresetIndex.item('point'),
-                   key: '1'
-               }),
-               modeAddLine(context, {
-                   title: _t('modes.add_line.title'),
-                   button: 'line',
-                   description: _t('modes.add_line.description'),
-                   preset: _mainPresetIndex.item('line'),
-                   key: '2'
-               }),
-               modeAddArea(context, {
-                   title: _t('modes.add_area.title'),
-                   button: 'area',
-                   description: _t('modes.add_area.description'),
-                   preset: _mainPresetIndex.item('area'),
-                   key: '3'
-               })
-           ];
+           utilArrayChunk(toLoad, 150).forEach(function (arr) {
+             oauth.xhr({
+               method: 'GET',
+               path: '/api/0.6/users.json?users=' + arr.join()
+             }, wrapcb(this, done, _connectionID));
+           }.bind(this));
+
+           function done(err, payload) {
+             if (err) return callback(err);
+             var options = {
+               skipSeen: true
+             };
+             return parseUserJSON(payload, function (err, results) {
+               if (err) return callback(err);
+               return callback(undefined, results);
+             }, options);
+           }
+         },
+         // Load a given user by id
+         // GET /api/0.6/user/#id
+         loadUser: function loadUser(uid, callback) {
+           if (_userCache.user[uid] || !this.authenticated()) {
+             // require auth
+             delete _userCache.toLoad[uid];
+             return callback(undefined, _userCache.user[uid]);
+           }
+
+           oauth.xhr({
+             method: 'GET',
+             path: '/api/0.6/user/' + uid + '.json'
+           }, wrapcb(this, done, _connectionID));
+
+           function done(err, payload) {
+             if (err) return callback(err);
+             var options = {
+               skipSeen: true
+             };
+             return parseUserJSON(payload, function (err, results) {
+               if (err) return callback(err);
+               return callback(undefined, results[0]);
+             }, options);
+           }
+         },
+         // Load the details of the logged-in user
+         // GET /api/0.6/user/details
+         userDetails: function userDetails(callback) {
+           if (_userDetails) {
+             // retrieve cached
+             return callback(undefined, _userDetails);
+           }
 
+           oauth.xhr({
+             method: 'GET',
+             path: '/api/0.6/user/details.json'
+           }, wrapcb(this, done, _connectionID));
 
-           function enabled() {
-               return osmEditable();
+           function done(err, payload) {
+             if (err) return callback(err);
+             var options = {
+               skipSeen: false
+             };
+             return parseUserJSON(payload, function (err, results) {
+               if (err) return callback(err);
+               _userDetails = results[0];
+               return callback(undefined, _userDetails);
+             }, options);
+           }
+         },
+         // Load previous changesets for the logged in user
+         // GET /api/0.6/changesets?user=#id
+         userChangesets: function userChangesets(callback) {
+           if (_userChangesets) {
+             // retrieve cached
+             return callback(undefined, _userChangesets);
            }
 
-           function osmEditable() {
-               return context.editable();
+           this.userDetails(wrapcb(this, gotDetails, _connectionID));
+
+           function gotDetails(err, user) {
+             if (err) {
+               return callback(err);
+             }
+
+             oauth.xhr({
+               method: 'GET',
+               path: '/api/0.6/changesets?user=' + user.id
+             }, wrapcb(this, done, _connectionID));
            }
 
-           modes.forEach(function(mode) {
-               context.keybinding().on(mode.key, function() {
-                   if (!enabled()) return;
+           function done(err, xml) {
+             if (err) {
+               return callback(err);
+             }
 
-                   if (mode.id === context.mode().id) {
-                       context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
-                   } else {
-                       context.enter(mode);
-                   }
-               });
+             _userChangesets = Array.prototype.map.call(xml.getElementsByTagName('changeset'), function (changeset) {
+               return {
+                 tags: getTags(changeset)
+               };
+             }).filter(function (changeset) {
+               var comment = changeset.tags.comment;
+               return comment && comment !== '';
+             });
+             return callback(undefined, _userChangesets);
+           }
+         },
+         // Fetch the status of the OSM API
+         // GET /api/capabilities
+         status: function status(callback) {
+           var url = urlroot + '/api/capabilities';
+           var errback = wrapcb(this, done, _connectionID);
+           d3_xml(url).then(function (data) {
+             errback(null, data);
+           })["catch"](function (err) {
+             errback(err.message);
            });
 
-           tool.render = function(selection) {
+           function done(err, xml) {
+             if (err) {
+               // the status is null if no response could be retrieved
+               return callback(err, null);
+             } // update blocklists
 
-               var wrap = selection
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'joined')
-                   .style('display', 'flex');
 
-               var debouncedUpdate = debounce(update, 500, { leading: true, trailing: true });
+             var elements = xml.getElementsByTagName('blacklist');
+             var regexes = [];
 
-               context.map()
-                   .on('move.modes', debouncedUpdate)
-                   .on('drawn.modes', debouncedUpdate);
+             for (var i = 0; i < elements.length; i++) {
+               var regexString = elements[i].getAttribute('regex'); // needs unencode?
 
-               context
-                   .on('enter.modes', update);
+               if (regexString) {
+                 try {
+                   var regex = new RegExp(regexString);
+                   regexes.push(regex);
+                 } catch (e) {
+                   /* noop */
+                 }
+               }
+             }
 
-               update();
+             if (regexes.length) {
+               _imageryBlocklists = regexes;
+             }
 
+             if (_rateLimitError) {
+               return callback(_rateLimitError, 'rateLimited');
+             } else {
+               var waynodes = xml.getElementsByTagName('waynodes');
+               var maxWayNodes = waynodes.length && parseInt(waynodes[0].getAttribute('maximum'), 10);
+               if (maxWayNodes && isFinite(maxWayNodes)) _maxWayNodes = maxWayNodes;
+               var apiStatus = xml.getElementsByTagName('status');
+               var val = apiStatus[0].getAttribute('api');
+               return callback(undefined, val);
+             }
+           }
+         },
+         // Calls `status` and dispatches an `apiStatusChange` event if the returned
+         // status differs from the cached status.
+         reloadApiStatus: function reloadApiStatus() {
+           // throttle to avoid unnecessary API calls
+           if (!this.throttledReloadApiStatus) {
+             var that = this;
+             this.throttledReloadApiStatus = throttle(function () {
+               that.status(function (err, status) {
+                 if (status !== _cachedApiStatus) {
+                   _cachedApiStatus = status;
+                   dispatch$2.call('apiStatusChange', that, err, status);
+                 }
+               });
+             }, 500);
+           }
 
-               function update() {
+           this.throttledReloadApiStatus();
+         },
+         // Returns the maximum number of nodes a single way can have
+         maxWayNodes: function maxWayNodes() {
+           return _maxWayNodes;
+         },
+         // Load data (entities) from the API in tiles
+         // GET /api/0.6/map?bbox=
+         loadTiles: function loadTiles(projection, callback) {
+           if (_off) return; // determine the needed tiles to cover the view
 
-                   var buttons = wrap.selectAll('button.add-button')
-                       .data(modes, function(d) { return d.id; });
+           var tiles = tiler$2.zoomExtent([_tileZoom, _tileZoom]).getTiles(projection); // abort inflight requests that are no longer needed
 
-                   // exit
-                   buttons.exit()
-                       .remove();
+           var hadRequests = hasInflightRequests(_tileCache);
+           abortUnwantedRequests(_tileCache, tiles);
 
-                   // enter
-                   var buttonsEnter = buttons.enter()
-                       .append('button')
-                       .attr('class', function(d) { return d.id + ' add-button bar-button'; })
-                       .on('click.mode-buttons', function(d) {
-                           if (!enabled()) return;
+           if (hadRequests && !hasInflightRequests(_tileCache)) {
+             dispatch$2.call('loaded'); // stop the spinner
+           } // issue new requests..
 
-                           // When drawing, ignore accidental clicks on mode buttons - #4042
-                           var currMode = context.mode().id;
-                           if (/^draw/.test(currMode)) return;
 
-                           if (d.id === currMode) {
-                               context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
-                           } else {
-                               context.enter(d);
-                           }
-                       })
-                       .call(uiTooltip()
-                           .placement('bottom')
-                           .title(function(d) { return d.description; })
-                           .keys(function(d) { return [d.key]; })
-                           .scrollContainer(context.container().select('.top-toolbar'))
-                       );
+           tiles.forEach(function (tile) {
+             this.loadTile(tile, callback);
+           }, this);
+         },
+         // Load a single data tile
+         // GET /api/0.6/map?bbox=
+         loadTile: function loadTile(tile, callback) {
+           if (_off) return;
+           if (_tileCache.loaded[tile.id] || _tileCache.inflight[tile.id]) return;
 
-                   buttonsEnter
-                       .each(function(d) {
-                           select(this)
-                               .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-' + d.button));
-                       });
+           if (!hasInflightRequests(_tileCache)) {
+             dispatch$2.call('loading'); // start the spinner
+           }
 
-                   buttonsEnter
-                       .append('span')
-                       .attr('class', 'label')
-                       .text(function(mode) { return mode.title; });
+           var path = '/api/0.6/map.json?bbox=';
+           var options = {
+             skipSeen: true
+           };
+           _tileCache.inflight[tile.id] = this.loadFromAPI(path + tile.extent.toParam(), tileCallback, options);
 
-                   // if we are adding/removing the buttons, check if toolbar has overflowed
-                   if (buttons.enter().size() || buttons.exit().size()) {
-                       context.ui().checkOverflow('.top-toolbar', true);
-                   }
+           function tileCallback(err, parsed) {
+             delete _tileCache.inflight[tile.id];
 
-                   // update
-                   buttons = buttons
-                       .merge(buttonsEnter)
-                       .classed('disabled', function(d) { return !enabled(); })
-                       .classed('active', function(d) { return context.mode() && context.mode().button === d.button; });
-               }
-           };
+             if (!err) {
+               delete _tileCache.toLoad[tile.id];
+               _tileCache.loaded[tile.id] = true;
+               var bbox = tile.extent.bbox();
+               bbox.id = tile.id;
 
-           return tool;
-       }
+               _tileCache.rtree.insert(bbox);
+             }
 
-       function uiToolNotes(context) {
+             if (callback) {
+               callback(err, Object.assign({
+                 data: parsed
+               }, tile));
+             }
 
-           var tool = {
-               id: 'notes',
-               label: _t('modes.add_note.label')
-           };
+             if (!hasInflightRequests(_tileCache)) {
+               dispatch$2.call('loaded'); // stop the spinner
+             }
+           }
+         },
+         isDataLoaded: function isDataLoaded(loc) {
+           var bbox = {
+             minX: loc[0],
+             minY: loc[1],
+             maxX: loc[0],
+             maxY: loc[1]
+           };
+           return _tileCache.rtree.collides(bbox);
+         },
+         // load the tile that covers the given `loc`
+         loadTileAtLoc: function loadTileAtLoc(loc, callback) {
+           // Back off if the toLoad queue is filling up.. re #6417
+           // (Currently `loadTileAtLoc` requests are considered low priority - used by operations to
+           // let users safely edit geometries which extend to unloaded tiles.  We can drop some.)
+           if (Object.keys(_tileCache.toLoad).length > 50) return;
+           var k = geoZoomToScale(_tileZoom + 1);
+           var offset = geoRawMercator().scale(k)(loc);
+           var projection = geoRawMercator().transform({
+             k: k,
+             x: -offset[0],
+             y: -offset[1]
+           });
+           var tiles = tiler$2.zoomExtent([_tileZoom, _tileZoom]).getTiles(projection);
+           tiles.forEach(function (tile) {
+             if (_tileCache.toLoad[tile.id] || _tileCache.loaded[tile.id] || _tileCache.inflight[tile.id]) return;
+             _tileCache.toLoad[tile.id] = true;
+             this.loadTile(tile, callback);
+           }, this);
+         },
+         // Load notes from the API in tiles
+         // GET /api/0.6/notes?bbox=
+         loadNotes: function loadNotes(projection, noteOptions) {
+           noteOptions = Object.assign({
+             limit: 10000,
+             closed: 7
+           }, noteOptions);
+           if (_off) return;
+           var that = this;
+           var path = '/api/0.6/notes?limit=' + noteOptions.limit + '&closed=' + noteOptions.closed + '&bbox=';
+
+           var throttleLoadUsers = throttle(function () {
+             var uids = Object.keys(_userCache.toLoad);
+             if (!uids.length) return;
+             that.loadUsers(uids, function () {}); // eagerly load user details
+           }, 750); // determine the needed tiles to cover the view
+
+
+           var tiles = tiler$2.zoomExtent([_noteZoom, _noteZoom]).getTiles(projection); // abort inflight requests that are no longer needed
+
+           abortUnwantedRequests(_noteCache, tiles); // issue new requests..
+
+           tiles.forEach(function (tile) {
+             if (_noteCache.loaded[tile.id] || _noteCache.inflight[tile.id]) return;
+             var options = {
+               skipSeen: false
+             };
+             _noteCache.inflight[tile.id] = that.loadFromAPI(path + tile.extent.toParam(), function (err) {
+               delete _noteCache.inflight[tile.id];
 
-           var mode = modeAddNote(context);
+               if (!err) {
+                 _noteCache.loaded[tile.id] = true;
+               }
 
-           function enabled() {
-               return notesEnabled() && notesEditable();
+               throttleLoadUsers();
+               dispatch$2.call('loadedNotes');
+             }, options);
+           });
+         },
+         // Create a note
+         // POST /api/0.6/notes?params
+         postNoteCreate: function postNoteCreate(note, callback) {
+           if (!this.authenticated()) {
+             return callback({
+               message: 'Not Authenticated',
+               status: -3
+             }, note);
            }
 
-           function notesEnabled() {
-               var noteLayer = context.layers().layer('notes');
-               return noteLayer && noteLayer.enabled();
+           if (_noteCache.inflightPost[note.id]) {
+             return callback({
+               message: 'Note update already inflight',
+               status: -2
+             }, note);
            }
 
-           function notesEditable() {
-               var mode = context.mode();
-               return context.map().notesEditable() && mode && mode.id !== 'save';
+           if (!note.loc[0] || !note.loc[1] || !note.newComment) return; // location & description required
+
+           var comment = note.newComment;
+
+           if (note.newCategory && note.newCategory !== 'None') {
+             comment += ' #' + note.newCategory;
            }
 
-           context.keybinding().on(mode.key, function() {
-               if (!enabled()) return;
+           var path = '/api/0.6/notes?' + utilQsString({
+             lon: note.loc[0],
+             lat: note.loc[1],
+             text: comment
+           });
+           _noteCache.inflightPost[note.id] = oauth.xhr({
+             method: 'POST',
+             path: path
+           }, wrapcb(this, done, _connectionID));
+
+           function done(err, xml) {
+             delete _noteCache.inflightPost[note.id];
+
+             if (err) {
+               return callback(err);
+             } // we get the updated note back, remove from caches and reparse..
+
 
-               if (mode.id === context.mode().id) {
-                   context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+             this.removeNote(note);
+             var options = {
+               skipSeen: false
+             };
+             return parseXML(xml, function (err, results) {
+               if (err) {
+                 return callback(err);
                } else {
-                   context.enter(mode);
+                 return callback(undefined, results[0]);
                }
-           });
+             }, options);
+           }
+         },
+         // Update a note
+         // POST /api/0.6/notes/#id/comment?text=comment
+         // POST /api/0.6/notes/#id/close?text=comment
+         // POST /api/0.6/notes/#id/reopen?text=comment
+         postNoteUpdate: function postNoteUpdate(note, newStatus, callback) {
+           if (!this.authenticated()) {
+             return callback({
+               message: 'Not Authenticated',
+               status: -3
+             }, note);
+           }
+
+           if (_noteCache.inflightPost[note.id]) {
+             return callback({
+               message: 'Note update already inflight',
+               status: -2
+             }, note);
+           }
+
+           var action;
+
+           if (note.status !== 'closed' && newStatus === 'closed') {
+             action = 'close';
+           } else if (note.status !== 'open' && newStatus === 'open') {
+             action = 'reopen';
+           } else {
+             action = 'comment';
+             if (!note.newComment) return; // when commenting, comment required
+           }
 
-           tool.render = function(selection) {
+           var path = '/api/0.6/notes/' + note.id + '/' + action;
 
+           if (note.newComment) {
+             path += '?' + utilQsString({
+               text: note.newComment
+             });
+           }
 
-               var debouncedUpdate = debounce(update, 500, { leading: true, trailing: true });
+           _noteCache.inflightPost[note.id] = oauth.xhr({
+             method: 'POST',
+             path: path
+           }, wrapcb(this, done, _connectionID));
 
-               context.map()
-                   .on('move.notes', debouncedUpdate)
-                   .on('drawn.notes', debouncedUpdate);
+           function done(err, xml) {
+             delete _noteCache.inflightPost[note.id];
+
+             if (err) {
+               return callback(err);
+             } // we get the updated note back, remove from caches and reparse..
 
-               context
-                   .on('enter.notes', update);
 
-               update();
+             this.removeNote(note); // update closed note cache - used to populate `closed:note` changeset tag
 
+             if (action === 'close') {
+               _noteCache.closed[note.id] = true;
+             } else if (action === 'reopen') {
+               delete _noteCache.closed[note.id];
+             }
 
-               function update() {
-                   var showNotes = notesEnabled();
-                   var data = showNotes ? [mode] : [];
+             var options = {
+               skipSeen: false
+             };
+             return parseXML(xml, function (err, results) {
+               if (err) {
+                 return callback(err);
+               } else {
+                 return callback(undefined, results[0]);
+               }
+             }, options);
+           }
+         },
+         "switch": function _switch(options) {
+           urlroot = options.urlroot;
+           oauth.options(Object.assign({
+             url: urlroot,
+             loading: authLoading,
+             done: authDone
+           }, options));
+           this.reset();
+           this.userChangesets(function () {}); // eagerly load user details/changesets
+
+           dispatch$2.call('change');
+           return this;
+         },
+         toggle: function toggle(val) {
+           _off = !val;
+           return this;
+         },
+         isChangesetInflight: function isChangesetInflight() {
+           return !!_changeset.inflight;
+         },
+         // get/set cached data
+         // This is used to save/restore the state when entering/exiting the walkthrough
+         // Also used for testing purposes.
+         caches: function caches(obj) {
+           function cloneCache(source) {
+             var target = {};
+             Object.keys(source).forEach(function (k) {
+               if (k === 'rtree') {
+                 target.rtree = new RBush().fromJSON(source.rtree.toJSON()); // clone rbush
+               } else if (k === 'note') {
+                 target.note = {};
+                 Object.keys(source.note).forEach(function (id) {
+                   target.note[id] = osmNote(source.note[id]); // copy notes
+                 });
+               } else {
+                 target[k] = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(source[k])); // clone deep
+               }
+             });
+             return target;
+           }
 
-                   var buttons = selection.selectAll('button.add-button')
-                       .data(data, function(d) { return d.id; });
+           if (!arguments.length) {
+             return {
+               tile: cloneCache(_tileCache),
+               note: cloneCache(_noteCache),
+               user: cloneCache(_userCache)
+             };
+           } // access caches directly for testing (e.g., loading notes rtree)
 
-                   // exit
-                   buttons.exit()
-                       .remove();
 
-                   // enter
-                   var buttonsEnter = buttons.enter()
-                       .append('button')
-                       .attr('tabindex', -1)
-                       .attr('class', function(d) { return d.id + ' add-button bar-button'; })
-                       .on('click.notes', function(d) {
-                           if (!enabled()) return;
+           if (obj === 'get') {
+             return {
+               tile: _tileCache,
+               note: _noteCache,
+               user: _userCache
+             };
+           }
 
-                           // When drawing, ignore accidental clicks on mode buttons - #4042
-                           var currMode = context.mode().id;
-                           if (/^draw/.test(currMode)) return;
+           if (obj.tile) {
+             _tileCache = obj.tile;
+             _tileCache.inflight = {};
+           }
 
-                           if (d.id === currMode) {
-                               context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
-                           } else {
-                               context.enter(d);
-                           }
-                       })
-                       .call(uiTooltip()
-                           .placement('bottom')
-                           .title(function(d) { return d.description; })
-                           .keys(function(d) { return [d.key]; })
-                           .scrollContainer(context.container().select('.top-toolbar'))
-                       );
+           if (obj.note) {
+             _noteCache = obj.note;
+             _noteCache.inflight = {};
+             _noteCache.inflightPost = {};
+           }
 
-                   buttonsEnter
-                       .each(function(d) {
-                           select(this)
-                               .call(svgIcon(d.icon || '#iD-icon-' + d.button));
-                       });
+           if (obj.user) {
+             _userCache = obj.user;
+           }
 
-                   // if we are adding/removing the buttons, check if toolbar has overflowed
-                   if (buttons.enter().size() || buttons.exit().size()) {
-                       context.ui().checkOverflow('.top-toolbar', true);
-                   }
+           return this;
+         },
+         logout: function logout() {
+           _userChangesets = undefined;
+           _userDetails = undefined;
+           oauth.logout();
+           dispatch$2.call('change');
+           return this;
+         },
+         authenticated: function authenticated() {
+           return oauth.authenticated();
+         },
+         authenticate: function authenticate(callback) {
+           var that = this;
+           var cid = _connectionID;
+           _userChangesets = undefined;
+           _userDetails = undefined;
 
-                   // update
-                   buttons = buttons
-                       .merge(buttonsEnter)
-                       .classed('disabled', function(d) { return !enabled(); })
-                       .classed('active', function(d) { return context.mode() && context.mode().button === d.button; });
-               }
-           };
+           function done(err, res) {
+             if (err) {
+               if (callback) callback(err);
+               return;
+             }
 
-           tool.uninstall = function() {
-               context
-                   .on('enter.editor.notes', null)
-                   .on('exit.editor.notes', null)
-                   .on('enter.notes', null);
+             if (that.getConnectionId() !== cid) {
+               if (callback) callback({
+                 message: 'Connection Switched',
+                 status: -1
+               });
+               return;
+             }
 
-               context.map()
-                   .on('move.notes', null)
-                   .on('drawn.notes', null);
-           };
+             _rateLimitError = undefined;
+             dispatch$2.call('change');
+             if (callback) callback(err, res);
+             that.userChangesets(function () {}); // eagerly load user details/changesets
+           }
 
-           return tool;
-       }
+           return oauth.authenticate(done);
+         },
+         imageryBlocklists: function imageryBlocklists() {
+           return _imageryBlocklists;
+         },
+         tileZoom: function tileZoom(val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _tileZoom;
+           _tileZoom = val;
+           return this;
+         },
+         // get all cached notes covering the viewport
+         notes: function notes(projection) {
+           var viewport = projection.clipExtent();
+           var min = [viewport[0][0], viewport[1][1]];
+           var max = [viewport[1][0], viewport[0][1]];
+           var bbox = geoExtent(projection.invert(min), projection.invert(max)).bbox();
+           return _noteCache.rtree.search(bbox).map(function (d) {
+             return d.data;
+           });
+         },
+         // get a single note from the cache
+         getNote: function getNote(id) {
+           return _noteCache.note[id];
+         },
+         // remove a single note from the cache
+         removeNote: function removeNote(note) {
+           if (!(note instanceof osmNote) || !note.id) return;
+           delete _noteCache.note[note.id];
+           updateRtree(encodeNoteRtree(note), false); // false = remove
+         },
+         // replace a single note in the cache
+         replaceNote: function replaceNote(note) {
+           if (!(note instanceof osmNote) || !note.id) return;
+           _noteCache.note[note.id] = note;
+           updateRtree(encodeNoteRtree(note), true); // true = replace
 
-       function uiToolSave(context) {
+           return note;
+         },
+         // Get an array of note IDs closed during this session.
+         // Used to populate `closed:note` changeset tag
+         getClosedIDs: function getClosedIDs() {
+           return Object.keys(_noteCache.closed).sort();
+         }
+       };
 
-           var tool = {
-               id: 'save',
-               label: _t('save.title')
-           };
+       var _apibase$1 = 'https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/w/api.php';
+       var _inflight$1 = {};
+       var _wikibaseCache = {};
+       var _localeIDs = {
+         en: false
+       };
 
-           var button = null;
-           var tooltipBehavior = null;
-           var history = context.history();
-           var key = uiCmd('⌘S');
-           var _numChanges = 0;
+       var debouncedRequest$1 = debounce(request$1, 500, {
+         leading: false
+       });
 
-           function isSaving() {
-               var mode = context.mode();
-               return mode && mode.id === 'save';
-           }
+       function request$1(url, callback) {
+         if (_inflight$1[url]) return;
+         var controller = new AbortController();
+         _inflight$1[url] = controller;
+         d3_json(url, {
+           signal: controller.signal
+         }).then(function (result) {
+           delete _inflight$1[url];
+           if (callback) callback(null, result);
+         })["catch"](function (err) {
+           delete _inflight$1[url];
+           if (err.name === 'AbortError') return;
+           if (callback) callback(err.message);
+         });
+       }
 
-           function isDisabled() {
-               return _numChanges === 0 || isSaving();
-           }
+       var serviceOsmWikibase = {
+         init: function init() {
+           _inflight$1 = {};
+           _wikibaseCache = {};
+           _localeIDs = {};
+         },
+         reset: function reset() {
+           Object.values(_inflight$1).forEach(function (controller) {
+             controller.abort();
+           });
+           _inflight$1 = {};
+         },
 
-           function save() {
-               event.preventDefault();
-               if (!context.inIntro() && !isSaving() && history.hasChanges()) {
-                   context.enter(modeSave(context));
-               }
+         /**
+          * Get the best value for the property, or undefined if not found
+          * @param entity object from wikibase
+          * @param property string e.g. 'P4' for image
+          * @param langCode string e.g. 'fr' for French
+          */
+         claimToValue: function claimToValue(entity, property, langCode) {
+           if (!entity.claims[property]) return undefined;
+           var locale = _localeIDs[langCode];
+           var preferredPick, localePick;
+           entity.claims[property].forEach(function (stmt) {
+             // If exists, use value limited to the needed language (has a qualifier P26 = locale)
+             // Or if not found, use the first value with the "preferred" rank
+             if (!preferredPick && stmt.rank === 'preferred') {
+               preferredPick = stmt;
+             }
+
+             if (locale && stmt.qualifiers && stmt.qualifiers.P26 && stmt.qualifiers.P26[0].datavalue.value.id === locale) {
+               localePick = stmt;
+             }
+           });
+           var result = localePick || preferredPick;
+
+           if (result) {
+             var datavalue = result.mainsnak.datavalue;
+             return datavalue.type === 'wikibase-entityid' ? datavalue.value.id : datavalue.value;
+           } else {
+             return undefined;
            }
+         },
 
-           function bgColor() {
-               var step;
-               if (_numChanges === 0) {
-                   return null;
-               } else if (_numChanges <= 50) {
-                   step = _numChanges / 50;
-                   return d3_interpolateRgb('#fff', '#ff8')(step);  // white -> yellow
-               } else {
-                   step = Math.min((_numChanges - 50) / 50, 1.0);
-                   return d3_interpolateRgb('#ff8', '#f88')(step);  // yellow -> red
+         /**
+          * Convert monolingual property into a key-value object (language -> value)
+          * @param entity object from wikibase
+          * @param property string e.g. 'P31' for monolingual wiki page title
+          */
+         monolingualClaimToValueObj: function monolingualClaimToValueObj(entity, property) {
+           if (!entity || !entity.claims[property]) return undefined;
+           return entity.claims[property].reduce(function (acc, obj) {
+             var value = obj.mainsnak.datavalue.value;
+             acc[value.language] = value.text;
+             return acc;
+           }, {});
+         },
+         toSitelink: function toSitelink(key, value) {
+           var result = value ? 'Tag:' + key + '=' + value : 'Key:' + key;
+           return result.replace(/_/g, ' ').trim();
+         },
+         //
+         // Pass params object of the form:
+         // {
+         //   key: 'string',
+         //   value: 'string',
+         //   langCode: 'string'
+         // }
+         //
+         getEntity: function getEntity(params, callback) {
+           var doRequest = params.debounce ? debouncedRequest$1 : request$1;
+           var that = this;
+           var titles = [];
+           var result = {};
+           var rtypeSitelink = params.key === 'type' && params.value ? ('Relation:' + params.value).replace(/_/g, ' ').trim() : false;
+           var keySitelink = params.key ? this.toSitelink(params.key) : false;
+           var tagSitelink = params.key && params.value ? this.toSitelink(params.key, params.value) : false;
+           var localeSitelink;
+
+           if (params.langCodes) {
+             params.langCodes.forEach(function (langCode) {
+               if (_localeIDs[langCode] === undefined) {
+                 // If this is the first time we are asking about this locale,
+                 // fetch corresponding entity (if it exists), and cache it.
+                 // If there is no such entry, cache `false` value to avoid re-requesting it.
+                 localeSitelink = ('Locale:' + langCode).replace(/_/g, ' ').trim();
+                 titles.push(localeSitelink);
                }
+             });
            }
 
-           function updateCount() {
-               var val = history.difference().summary().length;
-               if (val === _numChanges) return;
-
-               _numChanges = val;
-
-               if (tooltipBehavior) {
-                   tooltipBehavior
-                       .title(_t(_numChanges > 0 ? 'save.help' : 'save.no_changes'))
-                       .keys([key]);
-               }
+           if (rtypeSitelink) {
+             if (_wikibaseCache[rtypeSitelink]) {
+               result.rtype = _wikibaseCache[rtypeSitelink];
+             } else {
+               titles.push(rtypeSitelink);
+             }
+           }
 
-               if (button) {
-                   button
-                       .classed('disabled', isDisabled())
-                       .style('background', bgColor());
+           if (keySitelink) {
+             if (_wikibaseCache[keySitelink]) {
+               result.key = _wikibaseCache[keySitelink];
+             } else {
+               titles.push(keySitelink);
+             }
+           }
 
-                   button.select('span.count')
-                       .text(_numChanges);
-               }
+           if (tagSitelink) {
+             if (_wikibaseCache[tagSitelink]) {
+               result.tag = _wikibaseCache[tagSitelink];
+             } else {
+               titles.push(tagSitelink);
+             }
            }
 
+           if (!titles.length) {
+             // Nothing to do, we already had everything in the cache
+             return callback(null, result);
+           } // Requesting just the user language code
+           // If backend recognizes the code, it will perform proper fallbacks,
+           // and the result will contain the requested code. If not, all values are returned:
+           // {"zh-tw":{"value":"...","language":"zh-tw","source-language":"zh-hant"}
+           // {"pt-br":{"value":"...","language":"pt","for-language":"pt-br"}}
 
-           tool.render = function(selection) {
-               tooltipBehavior = uiTooltip()
-                   .placement('bottom')
-                   .title(_t('save.no_changes'))
-                   .keys([key])
-                   .scrollContainer(context.container().select('.top-toolbar'));
 
-               var lastPointerUpType;
+           var obj = {
+             action: 'wbgetentities',
+             sites: 'wiki',
+             titles: titles.join('|'),
+             languages: params.langCodes.join('|'),
+             languagefallback: 1,
+             origin: '*',
+             format: 'json' // There is an MW Wikibase API bug https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T212069
+             // We shouldn't use v1 until it gets fixed, but should switch to it afterwards
+             // formatversion: 2,
+
+           };
+           var url = _apibase$1 + '?' + utilQsString(obj);
+           doRequest(url, function (err, d) {
+             if (err) {
+               callback(err);
+             } else if (!d.success || d.error) {
+               callback(d.error.messages.map(function (v) {
+                 return v.html['*'];
+               }).join('<br>'));
+             } else {
+               var localeID = false;
+               Object.values(d.entities).forEach(function (res) {
+                 if (res.missing !== '') {
+                   var title = res.sitelinks.wiki.title;
+
+                   if (title === rtypeSitelink) {
+                     _wikibaseCache[rtypeSitelink] = res;
+                     result.rtype = res;
+                   } else if (title === keySitelink) {
+                     _wikibaseCache[keySitelink] = res;
+                     result.key = res;
+                   } else if (title === tagSitelink) {
+                     _wikibaseCache[tagSitelink] = res;
+                     result.tag = res;
+                   } else if (title === localeSitelink) {
+                     localeID = res.id;
+                   } else {
+                     console.log('Unexpected title ' + title); // eslint-disable-line no-console
+                   }
+                 }
+               });
 
-               button = selection
-                   .append('button')
-                   .attr('class', 'save disabled bar-button')
-                   .on('pointerup', function() {
-                       lastPointerUpType = event.pointerType;
-                   })
-                   .on('click', function() {
-                       event.preventDefault();
+               if (localeSitelink) {
+                 // If locale ID is not found, store false to prevent repeated queries
+                 that.addLocale(params.langCodes[0], localeID);
+               }
 
-                       save();
+               callback(null, result);
+             }
+           });
+         },
+         //
+         // Pass params object of the form:
+         // {
+         //   key: 'string',     // required
+         //   value: 'string'    // optional
+         // }
+         //
+         // Get an result object used to display tag documentation
+         // {
+         //   title:        'string',
+         //   description:  'string',
+         //   editURL:      'string',
+         //   imageURL:     'string',
+         //   wiki:         { title: 'string', text: 'string', url: 'string' }
+         // }
+         //
+         getDocs: function getDocs(params, callback) {
+           var that = this;
+           var langCodes = _mainLocalizer.localeCodes().map(function (code) {
+             return code.toLowerCase();
+           });
+           params.langCodes = langCodes;
+           this.getEntity(params, function (err, data) {
+             if (err) {
+               callback(err);
+               return;
+             }
 
-                       if (_numChanges === 0 && (
-                           lastPointerUpType === 'touch' ||
-                           lastPointerUpType === 'pen')
-                       ) {
-                           // there are no tooltips for touch interactions so flash feedback instead
-                           context.ui().flash
-                               .duration(2000)
-                               .iconName('#iD-icon-save')
-                               .iconClass('disabled')
-                               .text(_t('save.no_changes'))();
-                       }
-                       lastPointerUpType = null;
-                   })
-                   .call(tooltipBehavior);
+             var entity = data.rtype || data.tag || data.key;
 
-               button
-                   .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-save'));
+             if (!entity) {
+               callback('No entity');
+               return;
+             }
 
-               button
-                   .append('span')
-                   .attr('class', 'count')
-                   .attr('aria-hidden', 'true')
-                   .text('0');
+             var i;
+             var description;
 
-               updateCount();
+             for (i in langCodes) {
+               var _code = langCodes[i];
 
+               if (entity.descriptions[_code] && entity.descriptions[_code].language === _code) {
+                 description = entity.descriptions[_code];
+                 break;
+               }
+             }
 
-               context.keybinding()
-                   .on(key, save, true);
+             if (!description && Object.values(entity.descriptions).length) description = Object.values(entity.descriptions)[0]; // prepare result
 
+             var result = {
+               title: entity.title,
+               description: description ? description.value : '',
+               descriptionLocaleCode: description ? description.language : '',
+               editURL: 'https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/' + entity.title
+             }; // add image
 
-               context.history()
-                   .on('change.save', updateCount);
+             if (entity.claims) {
+               var imageroot;
+               var image = that.claimToValue(entity, 'P4', langCodes[0]);
 
-               context
-                   .on('enter.save', function() {
-                       if (button) {
-                           button
-                               .classed('disabled', isDisabled());
+               if (image) {
+                 imageroot = 'https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php';
+               } else {
+                 image = that.claimToValue(entity, 'P28', langCodes[0]);
 
-                           if (isSaving()) {
-                               button.call(tooltipBehavior.hide);
-                           }
-                       }
-                   });
-           };
+                 if (image) {
+                   imageroot = 'https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/w/index.php';
+                 }
+               }
 
+               if (imageroot && image) {
+                 result.imageURL = imageroot + '?' + utilQsString({
+                   title: 'Special:Redirect/file/' + image,
+                   width: 400
+                 });
+               }
+             } // Try to get a wiki page from tag data item first, followed by the corresponding key data item.
+             // If neither tag nor key data item contain a wiki page in the needed language nor English,
+             // get the first found wiki page from either the tag or the key item.
 
-           tool.uninstall = function() {
-               context.keybinding()
-                   .off(key, true);
 
-               context.history()
-                   .on('change.save', null);
+             var rtypeWiki = that.monolingualClaimToValueObj(data.rtype, 'P31');
+             var tagWiki = that.monolingualClaimToValueObj(data.tag, 'P31');
+             var keyWiki = that.monolingualClaimToValueObj(data.key, 'P31');
+             var wikis = [rtypeWiki, tagWiki, keyWiki];
 
-               context
-                   .on('enter.save', null);
+             for (i in wikis) {
+               var wiki = wikis[i];
 
-               button = null;
-               tooltipBehavior = null;
-           };
+               for (var j in langCodes) {
+                 var code = langCodes[j];
+                 var referenceId = langCodes[0].split('-')[0] !== 'en' && code.split('-')[0] === 'en' ? 'inspector.wiki_en_reference' : 'inspector.wiki_reference';
+                 var info = getWikiInfo(wiki, code, referenceId);
 
-           return tool;
-       }
+                 if (info) {
+                   result.wiki = info;
+                   break;
+                 }
+               }
 
-       function uiToolSidebarToggle(context) {
+               if (result.wiki) break;
+             }
 
-           var tool = {
-               id: 'sidebar_toggle',
-               label: _t('toolbar.inspect')
-           };
+             callback(null, result); // Helper method to get wiki info if a given language exists
 
-           tool.render = function(selection) {
-               selection
-                   .append('button')
-                   .attr('class', 'bar-button')
-                   .on('click', function() {
-                       context.ui().sidebar.toggle();
-                   })
-                   .call(uiTooltip()
-                       .placement('bottom')
-                       .title(_t('sidebar.tooltip'))
-                       .keys([_t('sidebar.key')])
-                       .scrollContainer(context.container().select('.top-toolbar'))
-                   )
-                   .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-sidebar-' + (_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl' ? 'right' : 'left')));
-           };
+             function getWikiInfo(wiki, langCode, tKey) {
+               if (wiki && wiki[langCode]) {
+                 return {
+                   title: wiki[langCode],
+                   text: tKey,
+                   url: 'https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/' + wiki[langCode]
+                 };
+               }
+             }
+           });
+         },
+         addLocale: function addLocale(langCode, qid) {
+           // Makes it easier to unit test
+           _localeIDs[langCode] = qid;
+         },
+         apibase: function apibase(val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _apibase$1;
+           _apibase$1 = val;
+           return this;
+         }
+       };
 
-           return tool;
-       }
+       var jsonpCache = {};
+       window.jsonpCache = jsonpCache;
+       function jsonpRequest(url, callback) {
+         var request = {
+           abort: function abort() {}
+         };
 
-       function uiToolUndoRedo(context) {
+         if (window.JSONP_FIX) {
+           if (window.JSONP_DELAY === 0) {
+             callback(window.JSONP_FIX);
+           } else {
+             var t = window.setTimeout(function () {
+               callback(window.JSONP_FIX);
+             }, window.JSONP_DELAY || 0);
 
-           var tool = {
-               id: 'undo_redo',
-               label: _t('toolbar.undo_redo')
-           };
+             request.abort = function () {
+               window.clearTimeout(t);
+             };
+           }
 
-           var commands = [{
-               id: 'undo',
-               cmd: uiCmd('⌘Z'),
-               action: function() {
-                   context.undo();
-               },
-               annotation: function() {
-                   return context.history().undoAnnotation();
-               },
-               icon: 'iD-icon-' + (_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl' ? 'redo' : 'undo')
-           }, {
-               id: 'redo',
-               cmd: uiCmd('⌘⇧Z'),
-               action: function() {
-                   context.redo();
-               },
-               annotation: function() {
-                   return context.history().redoAnnotation();
-               },
-               icon: 'iD-icon-' + (_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl' ? 'undo' : 'redo')
-           }];
+           return request;
+         }
 
+         function rand() {
+           var chars = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz';
+           var c = '';
+           var i = -1;
 
-           function editable() {
-               return context.mode() && context.mode().id !== 'save' && context.map().editableDataEnabled(true /* ignore min zoom */);
+           while (++i < 15) {
+             c += chars.charAt(Math.floor(Math.random() * 52));
            }
 
+           return c;
+         }
 
-           tool.render = function(selection) {
-               var tooltipBehavior = uiTooltip()
-                   .placement('bottom')
-                   .title(function (d) {
-                       return d.annotation() ?
-                           _t(d.id + '.tooltip', { action: d.annotation() }) :
-                           _t(d.id + '.nothing');
-                   })
-                   .keys(function(d) {
-                       return [d.cmd];
-                   })
-                   .scrollContainer(context.container().select('.top-toolbar'));
+         function create(url) {
+           var e = url.match(/callback=(\w+)/);
+           var c = e ? e[1] : rand();
 
-               var lastPointerUpType;
+           jsonpCache[c] = function (data) {
+             if (jsonpCache[c]) {
+               callback(data);
+             }
 
-               var buttons = selection.selectAll('button')
-                   .data(commands)
-                   .enter()
-                   .append('button')
-                   .attr('class', function(d) { return 'disabled ' + d.id + '-button bar-button'; })
-                   .on('pointerup', function() {
-                       // `pointerup` is always called before `click`
-                       lastPointerUpType = event.pointerType;
-                   })
-                   .on('click', function(d) {
-                       event.preventDefault();
-
-                       var annotation = d.annotation();
-
-                       if (editable() && annotation) {
-                           d.action();
-                       }
+             finalize();
+           };
 
-                       if (editable() && (
-                           lastPointerUpType === 'touch' ||
-                           lastPointerUpType === 'pen')
-                       ) {
-                           // there are no tooltips for touch interactions so flash feedback instead
-
-                           var text = annotation ?
-                               _t(d.id + '.tooltip', { action: annotation }) :
-                               _t(d.id + '.nothing');
-                           context.ui().flash
-                               .duration(2000)
-                               .iconName('#' + d.icon)
-                               .iconClass(annotation ? '' : 'disabled')
-                               .text(text)();
-                       }
-                       lastPointerUpType = null;
-                   })
-                   .call(tooltipBehavior);
+           function finalize() {
+             delete jsonpCache[c];
+             script.remove();
+           }
 
-               buttons.each(function(d) {
-                   select(this)
-                       .call(svgIcon('#' + d.icon));
-               });
+           request.abort = finalize;
+           return 'jsonpCache.' + c;
+         }
 
-               context.keybinding()
-                   .on(commands[0].cmd, function() {
-                       event.preventDefault();
-                       if (editable()) commands[0].action();
-                   })
-                   .on(commands[1].cmd, function() {
-                       event.preventDefault();
-                       if (editable()) commands[1].action();
-                   });
+         var cb = create(url);
+         var script = select('head').append('script').attr('type', 'text/javascript').attr('src', url.replace(/(\{|%7B)callback(\}|%7D)/, cb));
+         return request;
+       }
 
+       var bubbleApi = 'https://dev.virtualearth.net/mapcontrol/HumanScaleServices/GetBubbles.ashx?';
+       var streetsideImagesApi = 'https://t.ssl.ak.tiles.virtualearth.net/tiles/';
+       var bubbleAppKey = 'AuftgJsO0Xs8Ts4M1xZUQJQXJNsvmh3IV8DkNieCiy3tCwCUMq76-WpkrBtNAuEm';
+       var pannellumViewerCSS = 'pannellum-streetside/pannellum.css';
+       var pannellumViewerJS = 'pannellum-streetside/pannellum.js';
+       var maxResults = 2000;
+       var tileZoom = 16.5;
+       var tiler$1 = utilTiler().zoomExtent([tileZoom, tileZoom]).skipNullIsland(true);
+       var dispatch$1 = dispatch$8('loadedImages', 'viewerChanged');
+       var minHfov = 10; // zoom in degrees:  20, 10, 5
 
-               var debouncedUpdate = debounce(update, 500, { leading: true, trailing: true });
+       var maxHfov = 90; // zoom out degrees
 
-               context.map()
-                   .on('move.undo_redo', debouncedUpdate)
-                   .on('drawn.undo_redo', debouncedUpdate);
+       var defaultHfov = 45;
+       var _hires = false;
+       var _resolution = 512; // higher numbers are slower - 512, 1024, 2048, 4096
 
-               context.history()
-                   .on('change.undo_redo', function(difference) {
-                       if (difference) update();
-                   });
+       var _currScene = 0;
 
-               context
-                   .on('enter.undo_redo', update);
+       var _ssCache;
 
+       var _pannellumViewer;
 
-               function update() {
-                   buttons
-                       .classed('disabled', function(d) {
-                           return !editable() || !d.annotation();
-                       })
-                       .each(function() {
-                           var selection = select(this);
-                           if (!selection.select('.tooltip.in').empty()) {
-                               selection.call(tooltipBehavior.updateContent);
-                           }
-                       });
-               }
-           };
+       var _sceneOptions = {
+         showFullscreenCtrl: false,
+         autoLoad: true,
+         compass: true,
+         yaw: 0,
+         minHfov: minHfov,
+         maxHfov: maxHfov,
+         hfov: defaultHfov,
+         type: 'cubemap',
+         cubeMap: []
+       };
 
-           tool.uninstall = function() {
-               context.keybinding()
-                   .off(commands[0].cmd)
-                   .off(commands[1].cmd);
+       var _loadViewerPromise;
+       /**
+        * abortRequest().
+        */
 
-               context.map()
-                   .on('move.undo_redo', null)
-                   .on('drawn.undo_redo', null);
 
-               context.history()
-                   .on('change.undo_redo', null);
+       function abortRequest$1(i) {
+         i.abort();
+       }
+       /**
+        * localeTimeStamp().
+        */
 
-               context
-                   .on('enter.undo_redo', null);
-           };
 
-           return tool;
+       function localeTimestamp(s) {
+         if (!s) return null;
+         var options = {
+           day: 'numeric',
+           month: 'short',
+           year: 'numeric'
+         };
+         var d = new Date(s);
+         if (isNaN(d.getTime())) return null;
+         return d.toLocaleString(_mainLocalizer.localeCode(), options);
        }
+       /**
+        * loadTiles() wraps the process of generating tiles and then fetching image points for each tile.
+        */
 
-       function uiTopToolbar(context) {
-
-           var sidebarToggle = uiToolSidebarToggle(context),
-               modes = uiToolOldDrawModes(context),
-               notes = uiToolNotes(context),
-               undoRedo = uiToolUndoRedo(context),
-               save = uiToolSave(context);
 
-           function notesEnabled() {
-               var noteLayer = context.layers().layer('notes');
-               return noteLayer && noteLayer.enabled();
-           }
+       function loadTiles(which, url, projection, margin) {
+         var tiles = tiler$1.margin(margin).getTiles(projection); // abort inflight requests that are no longer needed
 
-           function topToolbar(bar) {
+         var cache = _ssCache[which];
+         Object.keys(cache.inflight).forEach(function (k) {
+           var wanted = tiles.find(function (tile) {
+             return k.indexOf(tile.id + ',') === 0;
+           });
 
-               bar.on('wheel.topToolbar', function() {
-                   if (!event.deltaX) {
-                       // translate vertical scrolling into horizontal scrolling in case
-                       // the user doesn't have an input device that can scroll horizontally
-                       bar.node().scrollLeft += event.deltaY;
-                   }
-               });
+           if (!wanted) {
+             abortRequest$1(cache.inflight[k]);
+             delete cache.inflight[k];
+           }
+         });
+         tiles.forEach(function (tile) {
+           return loadNextTilePage(which, url, tile);
+         });
+       }
+       /**
+        * loadNextTilePage() load data for the next tile page in line.
+        */
 
-               var debouncedUpdate = debounce(update, 500, { leading: true, trailing: true });
-               context.layers()
-                   .on('change.topToolbar', debouncedUpdate);
 
-               update();
+       function loadNextTilePage(which, url, tile) {
+         var cache = _ssCache[which];
+         var nextPage = cache.nextPage[tile.id] || 0;
+         var id = tile.id + ',' + String(nextPage);
+         if (cache.loaded[id] || cache.inflight[id]) return;
+         cache.inflight[id] = getBubbles(url, tile, function (bubbles) {
+           cache.loaded[id] = true;
+           delete cache.inflight[id];
+           if (!bubbles) return; // [].shift() removes the first element, some statistics info, not a bubble point
 
-               function update() {
+           bubbles.shift();
+           var features = bubbles.map(function (bubble) {
+             if (cache.points[bubble.id]) return null; // skip duplicates
 
-                   var tools = [
-                       sidebarToggle,
-                       'spacer',
-                       modes
-                   ];
+             var loc = [bubble.lo, bubble.la];
+             var d = {
+               loc: loc,
+               key: bubble.id,
+               ca: bubble.he,
+               captured_at: bubble.cd,
+               captured_by: 'microsoft',
+               // nbn: bubble.nbn,
+               // pbn: bubble.pbn,
+               // ad: bubble.ad,
+               // rn: bubble.rn,
+               pr: bubble.pr,
+               // previous
+               ne: bubble.ne,
+               // next
+               pano: true,
+               sequenceKey: null
+             };
+             cache.points[bubble.id] = d; // a sequence starts here
 
-                   tools.push('spacer');
+             if (bubble.pr === undefined) {
+               cache.leaders.push(bubble.id);
+             }
 
-                   if (notesEnabled()) {
-                       tools = tools.concat([notes, 'spacer']);
-                   }
+             return {
+               minX: loc[0],
+               minY: loc[1],
+               maxX: loc[0],
+               maxY: loc[1],
+               data: d
+             };
+           }).filter(Boolean);
+           cache.rtree.load(features);
+           connectSequences();
 
-                   tools = tools.concat([undoRedo, save]);
+           if (which === 'bubbles') {
+             dispatch$1.call('loadedImages');
+           }
+         });
+       } // call this sometimes to connect the bubbles into sequences
 
-                   var toolbarItems = bar.selectAll('.toolbar-item')
-                       .data(tools, function(d) {
-                           return d.id || d;
-                       });
 
-                   toolbarItems.exit()
-                       .each(function(d) {
-                           if (d.uninstall) {
-                               d.uninstall();
-                           }
-                       })
-                       .remove();
-
-                   var itemsEnter = toolbarItems
-                       .enter()
-                       .append('div')
-                       .attr('class', function(d) {
-                           var classes = 'toolbar-item ' + (d.id || d).replace('_', '-');
-                           if (d.klass) classes += ' ' + d.klass;
-                           return classes;
-                       });
+       function connectSequences() {
+         var cache = _ssCache.bubbles;
+         var keepLeaders = [];
 
-                   var actionableItems = itemsEnter.filter(function(d) { return d !== 'spacer'; });
+         for (var i = 0; i < cache.leaders.length; i++) {
+           var bubble = cache.points[cache.leaders[i]];
+           var seen = {}; // try to make a sequence.. use the key of the leader bubble.
 
-                   actionableItems
-                       .append('div')
-                       .attr('class', 'item-content')
-                       .each(function(d) {
-                           select(this).call(d.render, bar);
-                       });
+           var sequence = {
+             key: bubble.key,
+             bubbles: []
+           };
+           var complete = false;
 
-                   actionableItems
-                       .append('div')
-                       .attr('class', 'item-label')
-                       .text(function(d) {
-                           return d.label;
-                       });
-               }
+           do {
+             sequence.bubbles.push(bubble);
+             seen[bubble.key] = true;
 
-           }
+             if (bubble.ne === undefined) {
+               complete = true;
+             } else {
+               bubble = cache.points[bubble.ne]; // advance to next
+             }
+           } while (bubble && !seen[bubble.key] && !complete);
 
-           return topToolbar;
-       }
+           if (complete) {
+             _ssCache.sequences[sequence.key] = sequence; // assign bubbles to the sequence
 
-       // these are module variables so they are preserved through a ui.restart()
-       var sawVersion = null;
-       var isNewVersion = false;
-       var isNewUser = false;
+             for (var j = 0; j < sequence.bubbles.length; j++) {
+               sequence.bubbles[j].sequenceKey = sequence.key;
+             } // create a GeoJSON LineString
 
 
-       function uiVersion(context) {
+             sequence.geojson = {
+               type: 'LineString',
+               properties: {
+                 captured_at: sequence.bubbles[0] ? sequence.bubbles[0].captured_at : null,
+                 captured_by: sequence.bubbles[0] ? sequence.bubbles[0].captured_by : null,
+                 key: sequence.key
+               },
+               coordinates: sequence.bubbles.map(function (d) {
+                 return d.loc;
+               })
+             };
+           } else {
+             keepLeaders.push(cache.leaders[i]);
+           }
+         } // couldn't complete these, save for later
 
-           var currVersion = context.version;
-           var matchedVersion = currVersion.match(/\d+\.\d+\.\d+.*/);
 
-           if (sawVersion === null && matchedVersion !== null) {
-               if (corePreferences('sawVersion')) {
-                   isNewUser = false;
-                   isNewVersion = corePreferences('sawVersion') !== currVersion && currVersion.indexOf('-') === -1;
-               } else {
-                   isNewUser = true;
-                   isNewVersion = true;
-               }
-               corePreferences('sawVersion', currVersion);
-               sawVersion = currVersion;
-           }
-
-           return function(selection) {
-               selection
-                   .append('a')
-                   .attr('target', '_blank')
-                   .attr('href', 'https://github.com/openstreetmap/iD')
-                   .text(currVersion);
-
-               // only show new version indicator to users that have used iD before
-               if (isNewVersion && !isNewUser) {
-                   selection
-                       .append('div')
-                       .attr('class', 'badge')
-                       .append('a')
-                       .attr('target', '_blank')
-                       .attr('href', 'https://github.com/openstreetmap/iD/blob/release/CHANGELOG.md#whats-new')
-                       .call(svgIcon('#maki-gift-11'))
-                       .call(uiTooltip()
-                           .title(_t('version.whats_new', { version: currVersion }))
-                           .placement('top')
-                       );
-               }
-           };
+         cache.leaders = keepLeaders;
        }
+       /**
+        * getBubbles() handles the request to the server for a tile extent of 'bubbles' (streetside image locations).
+        */
 
-       function uiZoom(context) {
-
-           var zooms = [{
-               id: 'zoom-in',
-               icon: 'iD-icon-plus',
-               title: _t('zoom.in'),
-               action: zoomIn,
-               disabled: function() {
-                   return !context.map().canZoomIn();
-               },
-               disabledTitle: _t('zoom.disabled.in'),
-               key: '+'
-           }, {
-               id: 'zoom-out',
-               icon: 'iD-icon-minus',
-               title: _t('zoom.out'),
-               action: zoomOut,
-               disabled: function() {
-                   return !context.map().canZoomOut();
-               },
-               disabledTitle: _t('zoom.disabled.out'),
-               key: '-'
-           }];
 
-           function zoomIn() {
-               event.preventDefault();
-               context.map().zoomIn();
+       function getBubbles(url, tile, callback) {
+         var rect = tile.extent.rectangle();
+         var urlForRequest = url + utilQsString({
+           n: rect[3],
+           s: rect[1],
+           e: rect[2],
+           w: rect[0],
+           c: maxResults,
+           appkey: bubbleAppKey,
+           jsCallback: '{callback}'
+         });
+         return jsonpRequest(urlForRequest, function (data) {
+           if (!data || data.error) {
+             callback(null);
+           } else {
+             callback(data);
            }
+         });
+       } // partition viewport into higher zoom tiles
 
-           function zoomOut() {
-               event.preventDefault();
-               context.map().zoomOut();
-           }
 
-           function zoomInFurther() {
-               event.preventDefault();
-               context.map().zoomInFurther();
-           }
+       function partitionViewport(projection) {
+         var z = geoScaleToZoom(projection.scale());
+         var z2 = Math.ceil(z * 2) / 2 + 2.5; // round to next 0.5 and add 2.5
 
-           function zoomOutFurther() {
-               event.preventDefault();
-               context.map().zoomOutFurther();
-           }
+         var tiler = utilTiler().zoomExtent([z2, z2]);
+         return tiler.getTiles(projection).map(function (tile) {
+           return tile.extent;
+         });
+       } // no more than `limit` results per partition.
 
-           return function(selection) {
-               var tooltipBehavior = uiTooltip()
-                   .placement((_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl') ? 'right' : 'left')
-                   .title(function(d) {
-                       if (d.disabled()) {
-                           return d.disabledTitle;
-                       }
-                       return d.title;
-                   })
-                   .keys(function(d) {
-                       return [d.key];
-                   });
 
-               var lastPointerUpType;
+       function searchLimited(limit, projection, rtree) {
+         limit = limit || 5;
+         return partitionViewport(projection).reduce(function (result, extent) {
+           var found = rtree.search(extent.bbox()).slice(0, limit).map(function (d) {
+             return d.data;
+           });
+           return found.length ? result.concat(found) : result;
+         }, []);
+       }
+       /**
+        * loadImage()
+        */
 
-               var buttons = selection.selectAll('button')
-                   .data(zooms)
-                   .enter()
-                   .append('button')
-                   .attr('class', function(d) { return d.id; })
-                   .on('pointerup.editor', function() {
-                       lastPointerUpType = event.pointerType;
-                   })
-                   .on('click.editor', function(d) {
-                       if (!d.disabled()) {
-                           d.action();
-                       } else if (lastPointerUpType === 'touch' || lastPointerUpType === 'pen') {
-                           context.ui().flash
-                               .duration(2000)
-                               .iconName('#' + d.icon)
-                               .iconClass('disabled')
-                               .text(d.disabledTitle)();
-                       }
-                       lastPointerUpType = null;
-                   })
-                   .call(tooltipBehavior);
 
-               buttons.each(function(d) {
-                   select(this)
-                       .call(svgIcon('#' + d.icon, 'light'));
-               });
+       function loadImage(imgInfo) {
+         return new Promise(function (resolve) {
+           var img = new Image();
 
-               ['plus', 'ffplus', '=', 'ffequals'].forEach(function(key) {
-                   context.keybinding().on([key], zoomIn);
-                   context.keybinding().on([uiCmd('⌘' + key)], zoomInFurther);
-               });
+           img.onload = function () {
+             var canvas = document.getElementById('ideditor-canvas' + imgInfo.face);
+             var ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
+             ctx.drawImage(img, imgInfo.x, imgInfo.y);
+             resolve({
+               imgInfo: imgInfo,
+               status: 'ok'
+             });
+           };
 
-               ['_', '-', 'ffminus', 'dash'].forEach(function(key) {
-                   context.keybinding().on([key], zoomOut);
-                   context.keybinding().on([uiCmd('⌘' + key)], zoomOutFurther);
-               });
+           img.onerror = function () {
+             resolve({
+               data: imgInfo,
+               status: 'error'
+             });
+           };
 
-               function updateButtonStates() {
-                   buttons
-                       .classed('disabled', function(d) {
-                           return d.disabled();
-                       })
-                       .each(function() {
-                           var selection = select(this);
-                           if (!selection.select('.tooltip.in').empty()) {
-                               selection.call(tooltipBehavior.updateContent);
-                           }
-                       });
-               }
+           img.setAttribute('crossorigin', '');
+           img.src = imgInfo.url;
+         });
+       }
+       /**
+        * loadCanvas()
+        */
 
-               updateButtonStates();
 
-               context.map().on('move.uiZoom', updateButtonStates);
+       function loadCanvas(imageGroup) {
+         return Promise.all(imageGroup.map(loadImage)).then(function (data) {
+           var canvas = document.getElementById('ideditor-canvas' + data[0].imgInfo.face);
+           var which = {
+             '01': 0,
+             '02': 1,
+             '03': 2,
+             '10': 3,
+             '11': 4,
+             '12': 5
+           };
+           var face = data[0].imgInfo.face;
+           _sceneOptions.cubeMap[which[face]] = canvas.toDataURL('image/jpeg', 1.0);
+           return {
+             status: 'loadCanvas for face ' + data[0].imgInfo.face + 'ok'
            };
+         });
        }
+       /**
+        * loadFaces()
+        */
 
-       function uiZoomToSelection(context) {
-
-           function isDisabled() {
-               var mode = context.mode();
-               return !mode || !mode.zoomToSelected;
-           }
 
-           var _lastPointerUpType;
+       function loadFaces(faceGroup) {
+         return Promise.all(faceGroup.map(loadCanvas)).then(function () {
+           return {
+             status: 'loadFaces done'
+           };
+         });
+       }
 
-           function pointerup() {
-               _lastPointerUpType = event.pointerType;
-           }
+       function setupCanvas(selection, reset) {
+         if (reset) {
+           selection.selectAll('#ideditor-stitcher-canvases').remove();
+         } // Add the Streetside working canvases. These are used for 'stitching', or combining,
+         // multiple images for each of the six faces, before passing to the Pannellum control as DataUrls
 
-           function click() {
-               event.preventDefault();
 
-               if (isDisabled()) {
-                   if (_lastPointerUpType === 'touch' || _lastPointerUpType === 'pen') {
-                       context.ui().flash
-                           .duration(2000)
-                           .iconName('#iD-icon-framed-dot')
-                           .iconClass('disabled')
-                           .text(_t('inspector.zoom_to.no_selection'))();
-                   }
-               } else {
-                   var mode = context.mode();
-                   if (mode && mode.zoomToSelected) {
-                       mode.zoomToSelected();
-                   }
-               }
+         selection.selectAll('#ideditor-stitcher-canvases').data([0]).enter().append('div').attr('id', 'ideditor-stitcher-canvases').attr('display', 'none').selectAll('canvas').data(['canvas01', 'canvas02', 'canvas03', 'canvas10', 'canvas11', 'canvas12']).enter().append('canvas').attr('id', function (d) {
+           return 'ideditor-' + d;
+         }).attr('width', _resolution).attr('height', _resolution);
+       }
 
-               _lastPointerUpType = null;
-           }
+       function qkToXY(qk) {
+         var x = 0;
+         var y = 0;
+         var scale = 256;
+
+         for (var i = qk.length; i > 0; i--) {
+           var key = qk[i - 1];
+           x += +(key === '1' || key === '3') * scale;
+           y += +(key === '2' || key === '3') * scale;
+           scale *= 2;
+         }
 
-           return function(selection) {
+         return [x, y];
+       }
 
-               var tooltipBehavior = uiTooltip()
-                   .placement((_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl') ? 'right' : 'left')
-                   .title(function() {
-                       if (isDisabled()) {
-                           return _t('inspector.zoom_to.no_selection');
-                       }
-                       return _t('inspector.zoom_to.title');
-                   })
-                   .keys([_t('inspector.zoom_to.key')]);
-
-               var button = selection
-                   .append('button')
-                   .on('pointerup', pointerup)
-                   .on('click', click)
-                   .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-framed-dot', 'light'))
-                   .call(tooltipBehavior);
-
-               function setEnabledState() {
-                   button.classed('disabled', isDisabled());
-                   if (!button.select('.tooltip.in').empty()) {
-                       button.call(tooltipBehavior.updateContent);
-                   }
-               }
+       function getQuadKeys() {
+         var dim = _resolution / 256;
+         var quadKeys;
 
-               context.on('enter.uiZoomToSelection', setEnabledState);
+         if (dim === 16) {
+           quadKeys = ['0000', '0001', '0010', '0011', '0100', '0101', '0110', '0111', '1000', '1001', '1010', '1011', '1100', '1101', '1110', '1111', '0002', '0003', '0012', '0013', '0102', '0103', '0112', '0113', '1002', '1003', '1012', '1013', '1102', '1103', '1112', '1113', '0020', '0021', '0030', '0031', '0120', '0121', '0130', '0131', '1020', '1021', '1030', '1031', '1120', '1121', '1130', '1131', '0022', '0023', '0032', '0033', '0122', '0123', '0132', '0133', '1022', '1023', '1032', '1033', '1122', '1123', '1132', '1133', '0200', '0201', '0210', '0211', '0300', '0301', '0310', '0311', '1200', '1201', '1210', '1211', '1300', '1301', '1310', '1311', '0202', '0203', '0212', '0213', '0302', '0303', '0312', '0313', '1202', '1203', '1212', '1213', '1302', '1303', '1312', '1313', '0220', '0221', '0230', '0231', '0320', '0321', '0330', '0331', '1220', '1221', '1230', '1231', '1320', '1321', '1330', '1331', '0222', '0223', '0232', '0233', '0322', '0323', '0332', '0333', '1222', '1223', '1232', '1233', '1322', '1323', '1332', '1333', '2000', '2001', '2010', '2011', '2100', '2101', '2110', '2111', '3000', '3001', '3010', '3011', '3100', '3101', '3110', '3111', '2002', '2003', '2012', '2013', '2102', '2103', '2112', '2113', '3002', '3003', '3012', '3013', '3102', '3103', '3112', '3113', '2020', '2021', '2030', '2031', '2120', '2121', '2130', '2131', '3020', '3021', '3030', '3031', '3120', '3121', '3130', '3131', '2022', '2023', '2032', '2033', '2122', '2123', '2132', '2133', '3022', '3023', '3032', '3033', '3122', '3123', '3132', '3133', '2200', '2201', '2210', '2211', '2300', '2301', '2310', '2311', '3200', '3201', '3210', '3211', '3300', '3301', '3310', '3311', '2202', '2203', '2212', '2213', '2302', '2303', '2312', '2313', '3202', '3203', '3212', '3213', '3302', '3303', '3312', '3313', '2220', '2221', '2230', '2231', '2320', '2321', '2330', '2331', '3220', '3221', '3230', '3231', '3320', '3321', '3330', '3331', '2222', '2223', '2232', '2233', '2322', '2323', '2332', '2333', '3222', '3223', '3232', '3233', '3322', '3323', '3332', '3333'];
+         } else if (dim === 8) {
+           quadKeys = ['000', '001', '010', '011', '100', '101', '110', '111', '002', '003', '012', '013', '102', '103', '112', '113', '020', '021', '030', '031', '120', '121', '130', '131', '022', '023', '032', '033', '122', '123', '132', '133', '200', '201', '210', '211', '300', '301', '310', '311', '202', '203', '212', '213', '302', '303', '312', '313', '220', '221', '230', '231', '320', '321', '330', '331', '222', '223', '232', '233', '322', '323', '332', '333'];
+         } else if (dim === 4) {
+           quadKeys = ['00', '01', '10', '11', '02', '03', '12', '13', '20', '21', '30', '31', '22', '23', '32', '33'];
+         } else {
+           // dim === 2
+           quadKeys = ['0', '1', '2', '3'];
+         }
 
-               setEnabledState();
-           };
+         return quadKeys;
        }
 
-       function uiPane(id, context) {
-
-           var _key;
-           var _title = '';
-           var _description = '';
-           var _iconName = '';
-           var _sections; // array of uiSection objects
-
-           var _paneSelection = select(null);
+       var serviceStreetside = {
+         /**
+          * init() initialize streetside.
+          */
+         init: function init() {
+           if (!_ssCache) {
+             this.reset();
+           }
 
-           var _paneTooltip;
+           this.event = utilRebind(this, dispatch$1, 'on');
+         },
 
-           var pane = {
-               id: id
-           };
+         /**
+          * reset() reset the cache.
+          */
+         reset: function reset() {
+           if (_ssCache) {
+             Object.values(_ssCache.bubbles.inflight).forEach(abortRequest$1);
+           }
 
-           pane.title = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _title;
-               _title = val;
-               return pane;
+           _ssCache = {
+             bubbles: {
+               inflight: {},
+               loaded: {},
+               nextPage: {},
+               rtree: new RBush(),
+               points: {},
+               leaders: []
+             },
+             sequences: {}
            };
+         },
 
-           pane.key = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _key;
-               _key = val;
-               return pane;
-           };
+         /**
+          * bubbles()
+          */
+         bubbles: function bubbles(projection) {
+           var limit = 5;
+           return searchLimited(limit, projection, _ssCache.bubbles.rtree);
+         },
+         cachedImage: function cachedImage(imageKey) {
+           return _ssCache.bubbles.points[imageKey];
+         },
+         sequences: function sequences(projection) {
+           var viewport = projection.clipExtent();
+           var min = [viewport[0][0], viewport[1][1]];
+           var max = [viewport[1][0], viewport[0][1]];
+           var bbox = geoExtent(projection.invert(min), projection.invert(max)).bbox();
+           var seen = {};
+           var results = []; // all sequences for bubbles in viewport
 
-           pane.description = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _description;
-               _description = val;
-               return pane;
-           };
+           _ssCache.bubbles.rtree.search(bbox).forEach(function (d) {
+             var key = d.data.sequenceKey;
 
-           pane.iconName = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _iconName;
-               _iconName = val;
-               return pane;
-           };
+             if (key && !seen[key]) {
+               seen[key] = true;
+               results.push(_ssCache.sequences[key].geojson);
+             }
+           });
 
-           pane.sections = function(val) {
-               if (!arguments.length) return _sections;
-               _sections = val;
-               return pane;
-           };
+           return results;
+         },
 
-           pane.selection = function() {
-               return _paneSelection;
-           };
+         /**
+          * loadBubbles()
+          */
+         loadBubbles: function loadBubbles(projection, margin) {
+           // by default: request 2 nearby tiles so we can connect sequences.
+           if (margin === undefined) margin = 2;
+           loadTiles('bubbles', bubbleApi, projection, margin);
+         },
+         viewer: function viewer() {
+           return _pannellumViewer;
+         },
+         initViewer: function initViewer() {
+           if (!window.pannellum) return;
+           if (_pannellumViewer) return;
+           _currScene += 1;
 
-           function hidePane() {
-               context.ui().togglePanes();
-           }
+           var sceneID = _currScene.toString();
 
-           pane.togglePane = function() {
-               if (event) event.preventDefault();
-               _paneTooltip.hide();
-               context.ui().togglePanes(!_paneSelection.classed('shown') ? _paneSelection : undefined);
+           var options = {
+             'default': {
+               firstScene: sceneID
+             },
+             scenes: {}
            };
+           options.scenes[sceneID] = _sceneOptions;
+           _pannellumViewer = window.pannellum.viewer('ideditor-viewer-streetside', options);
+         },
+         ensureViewerLoaded: function ensureViewerLoaded(context) {
+           if (_loadViewerPromise) return _loadViewerPromise; // create ms-wrapper, a photo wrapper class
 
-           pane.renderToggleButton = function(selection) {
+           var wrap = context.container().select('.photoviewer').selectAll('.ms-wrapper').data([0]); // inject ms-wrapper into the photoviewer div
+           // (used by all to house each custom photo viewer)
 
-               if (!_paneTooltip) {
-                   _paneTooltip = uiTooltip()
-                       .placement((_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl') ? 'right' : 'left')
-                       .title(_description)
-                       .keys([_key]);
-               }
+           var wrapEnter = wrap.enter().append('div').attr('class', 'photo-wrapper ms-wrapper').classed('hide', true);
+           var that = this;
+           var pointerPrefix = 'PointerEvent' in window ? 'pointer' : 'mouse'; // inject div to support streetside viewer (pannellum) and attribution line
 
-               selection
-                   .append('button')
-                   .on('click', pane.togglePane)
-                   .call(svgIcon('#' + _iconName, 'light'))
-                   .call(_paneTooltip);
-           };
+           wrapEnter.append('div').attr('id', 'ideditor-viewer-streetside').on(pointerPrefix + 'down.streetside', function () {
+             select(window).on(pointerPrefix + 'move.streetside', function () {
+               dispatch$1.call('viewerChanged');
+             }, true);
+           }).on(pointerPrefix + 'up.streetside pointercancel.streetside', function () {
+             select(window).on(pointerPrefix + 'move.streetside', null); // continue dispatching events for a few seconds, in case viewer has inertia.
 
-           pane.renderContent = function(selection) {
-               // override to fully customize content
+             var t = timer(function (elapsed) {
+               dispatch$1.call('viewerChanged');
 
-               if (_sections) {
-                   _sections.forEach(function(section) {
-                       selection.call(section.render);
-                   });
+               if (elapsed > 2000) {
+                 t.stop();
                }
-           };
-
-           pane.renderPane = function(selection) {
+             });
+           }).append('div').attr('class', 'photo-attribution fillD');
+           var controlsEnter = wrapEnter.append('div').attr('class', 'photo-controls-wrap').append('div').attr('class', 'photo-controls');
+           controlsEnter.append('button').on('click.back', step(-1)).html('◄');
+           controlsEnter.append('button').on('click.forward', step(1)).html('►'); // create working canvas for stitching together images
 
-               _paneSelection = selection
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'fillL map-pane hide ' + id + '-pane')
-                   .attr('pane', id);
+           wrap = wrap.merge(wrapEnter).call(setupCanvas, true); // Register viewer resize handler
 
-               var heading = _paneSelection
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'pane-heading');
+           context.ui().photoviewer.on('resize.streetside', function () {
+             if (_pannellumViewer) {
+               _pannellumViewer.resize();
+             }
+           });
+           _loadViewerPromise = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
+             var loadedCount = 0;
 
-               heading
-                   .append('h2')
-                   .text(_title);
+             function loaded() {
+               loadedCount += 1; // wait until both files are loaded
 
-               heading
-                   .append('button')
-                   .on('click', hidePane)
-                   .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-close'));
+               if (loadedCount === 2) resolve();
+             }
 
+             var head = select('head'); // load streetside pannellum viewer css
 
-               _paneSelection
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'pane-content')
-                   .call(pane.renderContent);
+             head.selectAll('#ideditor-streetside-viewercss').data([0]).enter().append('link').attr('id', 'ideditor-streetside-viewercss').attr('rel', 'stylesheet').attr('crossorigin', 'anonymous').attr('href', context.asset(pannellumViewerCSS)).on('load.serviceStreetside', loaded).on('error.serviceStreetside', function () {
+               reject();
+             }); // load streetside pannellum viewer js
 
-               if (_key) {
-                   context.keybinding()
-                       .on(_key, pane.togglePane);
-               }
-           };
+             head.selectAll('#ideditor-streetside-viewerjs').data([0]).enter().append('script').attr('id', 'ideditor-streetside-viewerjs').attr('crossorigin', 'anonymous').attr('src', context.asset(pannellumViewerJS)).on('load.serviceStreetside', loaded).on('error.serviceStreetside', function () {
+               reject();
+             });
+           })["catch"](function () {
+             _loadViewerPromise = null;
+           });
+           return _loadViewerPromise;
 
-           return pane;
-       }
+           function step(stepBy) {
+             return function () {
+               var viewer = context.container().select('.photoviewer');
+               var selected = viewer.empty() ? undefined : viewer.datum();
+               if (!selected) return;
+               var nextID = stepBy === 1 ? selected.ne : selected.pr;
 
-       function uiSectionBackgroundDisplayOptions(context) {
+               var yaw = _pannellumViewer.getYaw();
 
-           var section = uiSection('background-display-options', context)
-               .title(_t('background.display_options'))
-               .disclosureContent(renderDisclosureContent);
+               var ca = selected.ca + yaw;
+               var origin = selected.loc; // construct a search trapezoid pointing out from current bubble
 
-           var _detected = utilDetect();
-           var _storedOpacity = corePreferences('background-opacity');
-           var _minVal = 0.25;
-           var _maxVal = _detected.cssfilters ? 2 : 1;
+               var meters = 35;
+               var p1 = [origin[0] + geoMetersToLon(meters / 5, origin[1]), origin[1]];
+               var p2 = [origin[0] + geoMetersToLon(meters / 2, origin[1]), origin[1] + geoMetersToLat(meters)];
+               var p3 = [origin[0] - geoMetersToLon(meters / 2, origin[1]), origin[1] + geoMetersToLat(meters)];
+               var p4 = [origin[0] - geoMetersToLon(meters / 5, origin[1]), origin[1]];
+               var poly = [p1, p2, p3, p4, p1]; // rotate it to face forward/backward
 
-           var _sliders = _detected.cssfilters
-               ? ['brightness', 'contrast', 'saturation', 'sharpness']
-               : ['brightness'];
+               var angle = (stepBy === 1 ? ca : ca + 180) * (Math.PI / 180);
+               poly = geoRotate(poly, -angle, origin);
+               var extent = poly.reduce(function (extent, point) {
+                 return extent.extend(geoExtent(point));
+               }, geoExtent()); // find nearest other bubble in the search polygon
 
-           var _options = {
-               brightness: (_storedOpacity !== null ? (+_storedOpacity) : 1),
-               contrast: 1,
-               saturation: 1,
-               sharpness: 1
-           };
+               var minDist = Infinity;
 
-           function clamp(x, min, max) {
-               return Math.max(min, Math.min(x, max));
-           }
+               _ssCache.bubbles.rtree.search(extent.bbox()).forEach(function (d) {
+                 if (d.data.key === selected.key) return;
+                 if (!geoPointInPolygon(d.data.loc, poly)) return;
+                 var dist = geoVecLength(d.data.loc, selected.loc);
+                 var theta = selected.ca - d.data.ca;
+                 var minTheta = Math.min(Math.abs(theta), 360 - Math.abs(theta));
 
-           function updateValue(d, val) {
-               if (!val && event && event.target) {
-                   val = event.target.value;
-               }
+                 if (minTheta > 20) {
+                   dist += 5; // penalize distance if camera angles don't match
+                 }
 
-               val = clamp(val, _minVal, _maxVal);
+                 if (dist < minDist) {
+                   nextID = d.data.key;
+                   minDist = dist;
+                 }
+               });
 
-               _options[d] = val;
-               context.background()[d](val);
+               var nextBubble = nextID && that.cachedImage(nextID);
+               if (!nextBubble) return;
+               context.map().centerEase(nextBubble.loc);
+               that.selectImage(context, nextBubble.key).yaw(yaw).showViewer(context);
+             };
+           }
+         },
+         yaw: function yaw(_yaw) {
+           if (typeof _yaw !== 'number') return _yaw;
+           _sceneOptions.yaw = _yaw;
+           return this;
+         },
 
-               if (d === 'brightness') {
-                   corePreferences('background-opacity', val);
-               }
+         /**
+          * showViewer()
+          */
+         showViewer: function showViewer(context) {
+           var wrap = context.container().select('.photoviewer').classed('hide', false);
+           var isHidden = wrap.selectAll('.photo-wrapper.ms-wrapper.hide').size();
 
-               section.reRender();
+           if (isHidden) {
+             wrap.selectAll('.photo-wrapper:not(.ms-wrapper)').classed('hide', true);
+             wrap.selectAll('.photo-wrapper.ms-wrapper').classed('hide', false);
            }
 
-           function renderDisclosureContent(selection) {
-               var container = selection.selectAll('.display-options-container')
-                   .data([0]);
-
-               var containerEnter = container.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'display-options-container controls-list');
+           return this;
+         },
 
-               // add slider controls
-               var slidersEnter = containerEnter.selectAll('.display-control')
-                   .data(_sliders)
-                   .enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', function(d) { return 'display-control display-control-' + d; });
-
-               slidersEnter
-                   .append('h5')
-                   .text(function(d) { return _t('background.' + d); })
-                   .append('span')
-                   .attr('class', function(d) { return 'display-option-value display-option-value-' + d; });
-
-               slidersEnter
-                   .append('input')
-                   .attr('class', function(d) { return 'display-option-input display-option-input-' + d; })
-                   .attr('type', 'range')
-                   .attr('min', _minVal)
-                   .attr('max', _maxVal)
-                   .attr('step', '0.05')
-                   .on('input', function(d) {
-                       var val = select(this).property('value');
-                       updateValue(d, val);
-                   });
+         /**
+          * hideViewer()
+          */
+         hideViewer: function hideViewer(context) {
+           var viewer = context.container().select('.photoviewer');
+           if (!viewer.empty()) viewer.datum(null);
+           viewer.classed('hide', true).selectAll('.photo-wrapper').classed('hide', true);
+           context.container().selectAll('.viewfield-group, .sequence, .icon-sign').classed('currentView', false);
+           this.updateUrlImage(null);
+           return this.setStyles(context, null, true);
+         },
 
-               slidersEnter
-                   .append('button')
-                   .attr('title', _t('background.reset'))
-                   .attr('class', function(d) { return 'display-option-reset display-option-reset-' + d; })
-                   .on('click', function(d) {
-                       if (event.button !== 0) return;
-                       updateValue(d, 1);
-                   })
-                   .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-' + (_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl' ? 'redo' : 'undo')));
-
-               // reset all button
-               containerEnter
-                   .append('a')
-                   .attr('class', 'display-option-resetlink')
-                   .attr('href', '#')
-                   .text(_t('background.reset_all'))
-                   .on('click', function() {
-                       for (var i = 0; i < _sliders.length; i++) {
-                           updateValue(_sliders[i],1);
-                       }
-                   });
+         /**
+          * selectImage().
+          */
+         selectImage: function selectImage(context, key) {
+           var that = this;
+           var d = this.cachedImage(key);
+           var viewer = context.container().select('.photoviewer');
+           if (!viewer.empty()) viewer.datum(d);
+           this.setStyles(context, null, true);
+           var wrap = context.container().select('.photoviewer .ms-wrapper');
+           var attribution = wrap.selectAll('.photo-attribution').html('');
+           wrap.selectAll('.pnlm-load-box') // display "loading.."
+           .style('display', 'block');
+           if (!d) return this;
+           this.updateUrlImage(key);
+           _sceneOptions.northOffset = d.ca;
+           var line1 = attribution.append('div').attr('class', 'attribution-row');
+           var hiresDomId = utilUniqueDomId('streetside-hires'); // Add hires checkbox
+
+           var label = line1.append('label').attr('for', hiresDomId).attr('class', 'streetside-hires');
+           label.append('input').attr('type', 'checkbox').attr('id', hiresDomId).property('checked', _hires).on('click', function (d3_event) {
+             d3_event.stopPropagation();
+             _hires = !_hires;
+             _resolution = _hires ? 1024 : 512;
+             wrap.call(setupCanvas, true);
+             var viewstate = {
+               yaw: _pannellumViewer.getYaw(),
+               pitch: _pannellumViewer.getPitch(),
+               hfov: _pannellumViewer.getHfov()
+             };
+             _sceneOptions = Object.assign(_sceneOptions, viewstate);
+             that.selectImage(context, d.key).showViewer(context);
+           });
+           label.append('span').html(_t.html('streetside.hires'));
+           var captureInfo = line1.append('div').attr('class', 'attribution-capture-info'); // Add capture date
 
-               // update
-               container = containerEnter
-                   .merge(container);
+           if (d.captured_by) {
+             var yyyy = new Date().getFullYear();
+             captureInfo.append('a').attr('class', 'captured_by').attr('target', '_blank').attr('href', 'https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/maps/streetside').html('©' + yyyy + ' Microsoft');
+             captureInfo.append('span').html('|');
+           }
 
-               container.selectAll('.display-option-input')
-                   .property('value', function(d) { return _options[d]; });
+           if (d.captured_at) {
+             captureInfo.append('span').attr('class', 'captured_at').html(localeTimestamp(d.captured_at));
+           } // Add image links
 
-               container.selectAll('.display-option-value')
-                   .text(function(d) { return Math.floor(_options[d] * 100) + '%'; });
 
-               container.selectAll('.display-option-reset')
-                   .classed('disabled', function(d) { return _options[d] === 1; });
+           var line2 = attribution.append('div').attr('class', 'attribution-row');
+           line2.append('a').attr('class', 'image-view-link').attr('target', '_blank').attr('href', 'https://www.bing.com/maps?cp=' + d.loc[1] + '~' + d.loc[0] + '&lvl=17&dir=' + d.ca + '&style=x&v=2&sV=1').html(_t.html('streetside.view_on_bing'));
+           line2.append('a').attr('class', 'image-report-link').attr('target', '_blank').attr('href', 'https://www.bing.com/maps/privacyreport/streetsideprivacyreport?bubbleid=' + encodeURIComponent(d.key) + '&focus=photo&lat=' + d.loc[1] + '&lng=' + d.loc[0] + '&z=17').html(_t.html('streetside.report'));
+           var bubbleIdQuadKey = d.key.toString(4);
+           var paddingNeeded = 16 - bubbleIdQuadKey.length;
 
-               // first time only, set brightness if needed
-               if (containerEnter.size() && _options.brightness !== 1) {
-                   context.background().brightness(_options.brightness);
-               }
+           for (var i = 0; i < paddingNeeded; i++) {
+             bubbleIdQuadKey = '0' + bubbleIdQuadKey;
            }
 
-           return section;
-       }
+           var imgUrlPrefix = streetsideImagesApi + 'hs' + bubbleIdQuadKey;
+           var imgUrlSuffix = '.jpg?g=6338&n=z'; // Cubemap face code order matters here: front=01, right=02, back=03, left=10, up=11, down=12
 
-       function uiSettingsCustomBackground() {
-           var dispatch$1 = dispatch('change');
+           var faceKeys = ['01', '02', '03', '10', '11', '12']; // Map images to cube faces
 
-           function render(selection) {
-               // keep separate copies of original and current settings
-               var _origSettings = {
-                   template: corePreferences('background-custom-template')
-               };
-               var _currSettings = {
-                   template: corePreferences('background-custom-template')
+           var quadKeys = getQuadKeys();
+           var faces = faceKeys.map(function (faceKey) {
+             return quadKeys.map(function (quadKey) {
+               var xy = qkToXY(quadKey);
+               return {
+                 face: faceKey,
+                 url: imgUrlPrefix + faceKey + quadKey + imgUrlSuffix,
+                 x: xy[0],
+                 y: xy[1]
                };
+             });
+           });
+           loadFaces(faces).then(function () {
+             if (!_pannellumViewer) {
+               that.initViewer();
+             } else {
+               // make a new scene
+               _currScene += 1;
 
-               var example = 'https://{switch:a,b,c}.tile.openstreetmap.org/{zoom}/{x}/{y}.png';
-               var modal = uiConfirm(selection).okButton();
-
-               modal
-                   .classed('settings-modal settings-custom-background', true);
-
-               modal.select('.modal-section.header')
-                   .append('h3')
-                   .text(_t('settings.custom_background.header'));
-
-
-               var textSection = modal.select('.modal-section.message-text');
-
-               var instructions =
-                   `${_t('settings.custom_background.instructions.info')}\n` +
-                   '\n' +
-                   `#### ${_t('settings.custom_background.instructions.wms.tokens_label')}\n` +
-                   `* ${_t('settings.custom_background.instructions.wms.tokens.proj')}\n` +
-                   `* ${_t('settings.custom_background.instructions.wms.tokens.wkid')}\n` +
-                   `* ${_t('settings.custom_background.instructions.wms.tokens.dimensions')}\n` +
-                   `* ${_t('settings.custom_background.instructions.wms.tokens.bbox')}\n` +
-                   '\n' +
-                   `#### ${_t('settings.custom_background.instructions.tms.tokens_label')}\n` +
-                   `* ${_t('settings.custom_background.instructions.tms.tokens.xyz')}\n` +
-                   `* ${_t('settings.custom_background.instructions.tms.tokens.flipped_y')}\n` +
-                   `* ${_t('settings.custom_background.instructions.tms.tokens.switch')}\n` +
-                   `* ${_t('settings.custom_background.instructions.tms.tokens.quadtile')}\n` +
-                   `* ${_t('settings.custom_background.instructions.tms.tokens.scale_factor')}\n` +
-                   '\n' +
-                   `#### ${_t('settings.custom_background.instructions.example')}\n` +
-                   `\`${example}\``;
-
-               textSection
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'instructions-template')
-                   .html(marked_1(instructions));
-
-               textSection
-                   .append('textarea')
-                   .attr('class', 'field-template')
-                   .attr('placeholder', _t('settings.custom_background.template.placeholder'))
-                   .call(utilNoAuto)
-                   .property('value', _currSettings.template);
-
-
-               // insert a cancel button
-               var buttonSection = modal.select('.modal-section.buttons');
-
-               buttonSection
-                   .insert('button', '.ok-button')
-                   .attr('class', 'button cancel-button secondary-action')
-                   .text(_t('confirm.cancel'));
-
+               var sceneID = _currScene.toString();
 
-               buttonSection.select('.cancel-button')
-                   .on('click.cancel', clickCancel);
+               _pannellumViewer.addScene(sceneID, _sceneOptions).loadScene(sceneID); // remove previous scene
 
-               buttonSection.select('.ok-button')
-                   .attr('disabled', isSaveDisabled)
-                   .on('click.save', clickSave);
 
+               if (_currScene > 2) {
+                 sceneID = (_currScene - 1).toString();
 
-               function isSaveDisabled() {
-                   return null;
+                 _pannellumViewer.removeScene(sceneID);
                }
+             }
+           });
+           return this;
+         },
+         getSequenceKeyForBubble: function getSequenceKeyForBubble(d) {
+           return d && d.sequenceKey;
+         },
+         // Updates the currently highlighted sequence and selected bubble.
+         // Reset is only necessary when interacting with the viewport because
+         // this implicitly changes the currently selected bubble/sequence
+         setStyles: function setStyles(context, hovered, reset) {
+           if (reset) {
+             // reset all layers
+             context.container().selectAll('.viewfield-group').classed('highlighted', false).classed('hovered', false).classed('currentView', false);
+             context.container().selectAll('.sequence').classed('highlighted', false).classed('currentView', false);
+           }
+
+           var hoveredBubbleKey = hovered && hovered.key;
+           var hoveredSequenceKey = this.getSequenceKeyForBubble(hovered);
+           var hoveredSequence = hoveredSequenceKey && _ssCache.sequences[hoveredSequenceKey];
+           var hoveredBubbleKeys = hoveredSequence && hoveredSequence.bubbles.map(function (d) {
+             return d.key;
+           }) || [];
+           var viewer = context.container().select('.photoviewer');
+           var selected = viewer.empty() ? undefined : viewer.datum();
+           var selectedBubbleKey = selected && selected.key;
+           var selectedSequenceKey = this.getSequenceKeyForBubble(selected);
+           var selectedSequence = selectedSequenceKey && _ssCache.sequences[selectedSequenceKey];
+           var selectedBubbleKeys = selectedSequence && selectedSequence.bubbles.map(function (d) {
+             return d.key;
+           }) || []; // highlight sibling viewfields on either the selected or the hovered sequences
+
+           var highlightedBubbleKeys = utilArrayUnion(hoveredBubbleKeys, selectedBubbleKeys);
+           context.container().selectAll('.layer-streetside-images .viewfield-group').classed('highlighted', function (d) {
+             return highlightedBubbleKeys.indexOf(d.key) !== -1;
+           }).classed('hovered', function (d) {
+             return d.key === hoveredBubbleKey;
+           }).classed('currentView', function (d) {
+             return d.key === selectedBubbleKey;
+           });
+           context.container().selectAll('.layer-streetside-images .sequence').classed('highlighted', function (d) {
+             return d.properties.key === hoveredSequenceKey;
+           }).classed('currentView', function (d) {
+             return d.properties.key === selectedSequenceKey;
+           }); // update viewfields if needed
 
+           context.container().selectAll('.layer-streetside-images .viewfield-group .viewfield').attr('d', viewfieldPath);
 
-               // restore the original template
-               function clickCancel() {
-                   textSection.select('.field-template').property('value', _origSettings.template);
-                   corePreferences('background-custom-template', _origSettings.template);
-                   this.blur();
-                   modal.close();
-               }
+           function viewfieldPath() {
+             var d = this.parentNode.__data__;
 
-               // accept the current template
-               function clickSave() {
-                   _currSettings.template = textSection.select('.field-template').property('value');
-                   corePreferences('background-custom-template', _currSettings.template);
-                   this.blur();
-                   modal.close();
-                   dispatch$1.call('change', this, _currSettings);
-               }
+             if (d.pano && d.key !== selectedBubbleKey) {
+               return 'M 8,13 m -10,0 a 10,10 0 1,0 20,0 a 10,10 0 1,0 -20,0';
+             } else {
+               return 'M 6,9 C 8,8.4 8,8.4 10,9 L 16,-2 C 12,-5 4,-5 0,-2 z';
+             }
            }
 
-           return utilRebind(render, dispatch$1, 'on');
-       }
-
-       function uiSectionBackgroundList(context) {
+           return this;
+         },
+         updateUrlImage: function updateUrlImage(imageKey) {
+           if (!window.mocha) {
+             var hash = utilStringQs(window.location.hash);
 
-           var _backgroundList = select(null);
+             if (imageKey) {
+               hash.photo = 'streetside/' + imageKey;
+             } else {
+               delete hash.photo;
+             }
 
-           var _customSource = context.background().findSource('custom');
+             window.location.replace('#' + utilQsString(hash, true));
+           }
+         },
 
-           var _settingsCustomBackground = uiSettingsCustomBackground()
-               .on('change', customChanged);
+         /**
+          * cache().
+          */
+         cache: function cache() {
+           return _ssCache;
+         }
+       };
 
-           var section = uiSection('background-list', context)
-               .title(_t('background.backgrounds'))
-               .disclosureContent(renderDisclosureContent);
+       var _apibase = 'https://taginfo.openstreetmap.org/api/4/';
+       var _inflight = {};
+       var _popularKeys = {};
+       var _taginfoCache = {};
+       var tag_sorts = {
+         point: 'count_nodes',
+         vertex: 'count_nodes',
+         area: 'count_ways',
+         line: 'count_ways'
+       };
+       var tag_sort_members = {
+         point: 'count_node_members',
+         vertex: 'count_node_members',
+         area: 'count_way_members',
+         line: 'count_way_members',
+         relation: 'count_relation_members'
+       };
+       var tag_filters = {
+         point: 'nodes',
+         vertex: 'nodes',
+         area: 'ways',
+         line: 'ways'
+       };
+       var tag_members_fractions = {
+         point: 'count_node_members_fraction',
+         vertex: 'count_node_members_fraction',
+         area: 'count_way_members_fraction',
+         line: 'count_way_members_fraction',
+         relation: 'count_relation_members_fraction'
+       };
 
-           function previousBackgroundID() {
-               return corePreferences('background-last-used-toggle');
-           }
+       function sets(params, n, o) {
+         if (params.geometry && o[params.geometry]) {
+           params[n] = o[params.geometry];
+         }
 
-           function renderDisclosureContent(selection) {
+         return params;
+       }
 
-               // the background list
-               var container = selection.selectAll('.layer-background-list')
-                   .data([0]);
+       function setFilter(params) {
+         return sets(params, 'filter', tag_filters);
+       }
 
-               _backgroundList = container.enter()
-                   .append('ul')
-                   .attr('class', 'layer-list layer-background-list')
-                   .attr('dir', 'auto')
-                   .merge(container);
+       function setSort(params) {
+         return sets(params, 'sortname', tag_sorts);
+       }
 
+       function setSortMembers(params) {
+         return sets(params, 'sortname', tag_sort_members);
+       }
 
-               // add minimap toggle below list
-               var bgExtrasListEnter = selection.selectAll('.bg-extras-list')
-                   .data([0])
-                   .enter()
-                   .append('ul')
-                   .attr('class', 'layer-list bg-extras-list');
-
-               var minimapLabelEnter = bgExtrasListEnter
-                   .append('li')
-                   .attr('class', 'minimap-toggle-item')
-                   .append('label')
-                   .call(uiTooltip()
-                       .title(_t('background.minimap.tooltip'))
-                       .keys([_t('background.minimap.key')])
-                       .placement('top')
-                   );
-
-               minimapLabelEnter
-                   .append('input')
-                   .attr('type', 'checkbox')
-                   .on('change', function() {
-                       event.preventDefault();
-                       uiMapInMap.toggle();
-                   });
+       function clean(params) {
+         return utilObjectOmit(params, ['geometry', 'debounce']);
+       }
 
-               minimapLabelEnter
-                   .append('span')
-                   .text(_t('background.minimap.description'));
-
-
-               var panelLabelEnter = bgExtrasListEnter
-                   .append('li')
-                   .attr('class', 'background-panel-toggle-item')
-                   .append('label')
-                   .call(uiTooltip()
-                       .title(_t('background.panel.tooltip'))
-                       .keys([uiCmd('⌘⇧' + _t('info_panels.background.key'))])
-                       .placement('top')
-                   );
-
-               panelLabelEnter
-                   .append('input')
-                   .attr('type', 'checkbox')
-                   .on('change', function() {
-                       event.preventDefault();
-                       context.ui().info.toggle('background');
-                   });
+       function filterKeys(type) {
+         var count_type = type ? 'count_' + type : 'count_all';
+         return function (d) {
+           return parseFloat(d[count_type]) > 2500 || d.in_wiki;
+         };
+       }
 
-               panelLabelEnter
-                   .append('span')
-                   .text(_t('background.panel.description'));
-
-               var locPanelLabelEnter = bgExtrasListEnter
-                   .append('li')
-                   .attr('class', 'location-panel-toggle-item')
-                   .append('label')
-                   .call(uiTooltip()
-                       .title(_t('background.location_panel.tooltip'))
-                       .keys([uiCmd('⌘⇧' + _t('info_panels.location.key'))])
-                       .placement('top')
-                   );
-
-               locPanelLabelEnter
-                   .append('input')
-                   .attr('type', 'checkbox')
-                   .on('change', function() {
-                       event.preventDefault();
-                       context.ui().info.toggle('location');
-                   });
+       function filterMultikeys(prefix) {
+         return function (d) {
+           // d.key begins with prefix, and d.key contains no additional ':'s
+           var re = new RegExp('^' + prefix + '(.*)$');
+           var matches = d.key.match(re) || [];
+           return matches.length === 2 && matches[1].indexOf(':') === -1;
+         };
+       }
 
-               locPanelLabelEnter
-                   .append('span')
-                   .text(_t('background.location_panel.description'));
+       function filterValues(allowUpperCase) {
+         return function (d) {
+           if (d.value.match(/[;,]/) !== null) return false; // exclude some punctuation
 
+           if (!allowUpperCase && d.value.match(/[A-Z*]/) !== null) return false; // exclude uppercase letters
 
-               // "Info / Report a Problem" link
-               selection.selectAll('.imagery-faq')
-                   .data([0])
-                   .enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'imagery-faq')
-                   .append('a')
-                   .attr('target', '_blank')
-                   .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-out-link', 'inline'))
-                   .attr('href', 'https://github.com/openstreetmap/iD/blob/develop/FAQ.md#how-can-i-report-an-issue-with-background-imagery')
-                   .append('span')
-                   .text(_t('background.imagery_problem_faq'));
-
-               _backgroundList
-                   .call(drawListItems, 'radio', chooseBackground, function(d) { return !d.isHidden() && !d.overlay; });
-           }
-
-           function setTooltips(selection) {
-               selection.each(function(d, i, nodes) {
-                   var item = select(this).select('label');
-                   var span = item.select('span');
-                   var placement = (i < nodes.length / 2) ? 'bottom' : 'top';
-                   var description = d.description();
-                   var isOverflowing = (span.property('clientWidth') !== span.property('scrollWidth'));
-
-                   item.call(uiTooltip().destroyAny);
-
-                   if (d.id === previousBackgroundID()) {
-                       item.call(uiTooltip()
-                           .placement(placement)
-                           .title('<div>' + _t('background.switch') + '</div>')
-                           .keys([uiCmd('⌘' + _t('background.key'))])
-                       );
-                   } else if (description || isOverflowing) {
-                       item.call(uiTooltip()
-                           .placement(placement)
-                           .title(description || d.name())
-                       );
-                   }
-               });
-           }
+           return parseFloat(d.fraction) > 0.0;
+         };
+       }
 
-           function drawListItems(layerList, type, change, filter) {
-               var sources = context.background()
-                   .sources(context.map().extent(), context.map().zoom(), true)
-                   .filter(filter);
+       function filterRoles(geometry) {
+         return function (d) {
+           if (d.role === '') return false; // exclude empty role
 
-               var layerLinks = layerList.selectAll('li')
-                   .data(sources, function(d) { return d.name(); });
+           if (d.role.match(/[A-Z*;,]/) !== null) return false; // exclude uppercase letters and some punctuation
 
-               layerLinks.exit()
-                   .remove();
+           return parseFloat(d[tag_members_fractions[geometry]]) > 0.0;
+         };
+       }
 
-               var enter = layerLinks.enter()
-                   .append('li')
-                   .classed('layer-custom', function(d) { return d.id === 'custom'; })
-                   .classed('best', function(d) { return d.best(); });
+       function valKey(d) {
+         return {
+           value: d.key,
+           title: d.key
+         };
+       }
 
-               var label = enter
-                   .append('label');
+       function valKeyDescription(d) {
+         var obj = {
+           value: d.value,
+           title: d.description || d.value
+         };
 
-               label
-                   .append('input')
-                   .attr('type', type)
-                   .attr('name', 'layers')
-                   .on('change', change);
+         if (d.count) {
+           obj.count = d.count;
+         }
 
-               label
-                   .append('span')
-                   .text(function(d) { return d.name(); });
+         return obj;
+       }
 
-               enter.filter(function(d) { return d.id === 'custom'; })
-                   .append('button')
-                   .attr('class', 'layer-browse')
-                   .call(uiTooltip()
-                       .title(_t('settings.custom_background.tooltip'))
-                       .placement((_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl') ? 'right' : 'left')
-                   )
-                   .on('click', editCustom)
-                   .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-more'));
+       function roleKey(d) {
+         return {
+           value: d.role,
+           title: d.role
+         };
+       } // sort keys with ':' lower than keys without ':'
 
-               enter.filter(function(d) { return d.best(); })
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'best')
-                   .call(uiTooltip()
-                       .title(_t('background.best_imagery'))
-                       .placement((_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl') ? 'right' : 'left')
-                   )
-                   .append('span')
-                   .html('&#9733;');
 
+       function sortKeys(a, b) {
+         return a.key.indexOf(':') === -1 && b.key.indexOf(':') !== -1 ? -1 : a.key.indexOf(':') !== -1 && b.key.indexOf(':') === -1 ? 1 : 0;
+       }
 
-               layerList.selectAll('li')
-                   .sort(sortSources);
+       var debouncedRequest = debounce(request, 300, {
+         leading: false
+       });
 
-               layerList
-                   .call(updateLayerSelections);
+       function request(url, params, exactMatch, callback, loaded) {
+         if (_inflight[url]) return;
+         if (checkCache(url, params, exactMatch, callback)) return;
+         var controller = new AbortController();
+         _inflight[url] = controller;
+         d3_json(url, {
+           signal: controller.signal
+         }).then(function (result) {
+           delete _inflight[url];
+           if (loaded) loaded(null, result);
+         })["catch"](function (err) {
+           delete _inflight[url];
+           if (err.name === 'AbortError') return;
+           if (loaded) loaded(err.message);
+         });
+       }
 
+       function checkCache(url, params, exactMatch, callback) {
+         var rp = params.rp || 25;
+         var testQuery = params.query || '';
+         var testUrl = url;
 
-               function sortSources(a, b) {
-                   return a.best() && !b.best() ? -1
-                       : b.best() && !a.best() ? 1
-                       : d3_descending(a.area(), b.area()) || d3_ascending(a.name(), b.name()) || 0;
-               }
-           }
+         do {
+           var hit = _taginfoCache[testUrl]; // exact match, or shorter match yielding fewer than max results (rp)
 
-           function updateLayerSelections(selection) {
-               function active(d) {
-                   return context.background().showsLayer(d);
-               }
+           if (hit && (url === testUrl || hit.length < rp)) {
+             callback(null, hit);
+             return true;
+           } // don't try to shorten the query
 
-               selection.selectAll('li')
-                   .classed('active', active)
-                   .classed('switch', function(d) { return d.id === previousBackgroundID(); })
-                   .call(setTooltips)
-                   .selectAll('input')
-                   .property('checked', active);
-           }
 
+           if (exactMatch || !testQuery.length) return false; // do shorten the query to see if we already have a cached result
+           // that has returned fewer than max results (rp)
 
-           function chooseBackground(d) {
-               if (d.id === 'custom' && !d.template()) {
-                   return editCustom();
-               }
+           testQuery = testQuery.slice(0, -1);
+           testUrl = url.replace(/&query=(.*?)&/, '&query=' + testQuery + '&');
+         } while (testQuery.length >= 0);
 
-               event.preventDefault();
-               var previousBackground = context.background().baseLayerSource();
-               corePreferences('background-last-used-toggle', previousBackground.id);
-               corePreferences('background-last-used', d.id);
-               context.background().baseLayerSource(d);
-               document.activeElement.blur();
-           }
+         return false;
+       }
 
+       var serviceTaginfo = {
+         init: function init() {
+           _inflight = {};
+           _taginfoCache = {};
+           _popularKeys = {
+             // manually exclude some keys – #5377, #7485
+             postal_code: true,
+             full_name: true,
+             loc_name: true,
+             reg_name: true,
+             short_name: true,
+             sorting_name: true,
+             artist_name: true,
+             nat_name: true,
+             long_name: true,
+             'bridge:name': true
+           }; // Fetch popular keys.  We'll exclude these from `values`
+           // lookups because they stress taginfo, and they aren't likely
+           // to yield meaningful autocomplete results.. see #3955
+
+           var params = {
+             rp: 100,
+             sortname: 'values_all',
+             sortorder: 'desc',
+             page: 1,
+             debounce: false,
+             lang: _mainLocalizer.languageCode()
+           };
+           this.keys(params, function (err, data) {
+             if (err) return;
+             data.forEach(function (d) {
+               if (d.value === 'opening_hours') return; // exception
+
+               _popularKeys[d.value] = true;
+             });
+           });
+         },
+         reset: function reset() {
+           Object.values(_inflight).forEach(function (controller) {
+             controller.abort();
+           });
+           _inflight = {};
+         },
+         keys: function keys(params, callback) {
+           var doRequest = params.debounce ? debouncedRequest : request;
+           params = clean(setSort(params));
+           params = Object.assign({
+             rp: 10,
+             sortname: 'count_all',
+             sortorder: 'desc',
+             page: 1,
+             lang: _mainLocalizer.languageCode()
+           }, params);
+           var url = _apibase + 'keys/all?' + utilQsString(params);
+           doRequest(url, params, false, callback, function (err, d) {
+             if (err) {
+               callback(err);
+             } else {
+               var f = filterKeys(params.filter);
+               var result = d.data.filter(f).sort(sortKeys).map(valKey);
+               _taginfoCache[url] = result;
+               callback(null, result);
+             }
+           });
+         },
+         multikeys: function multikeys(params, callback) {
+           var doRequest = params.debounce ? debouncedRequest : request;
+           params = clean(setSort(params));
+           params = Object.assign({
+             rp: 25,
+             sortname: 'count_all',
+             sortorder: 'desc',
+             page: 1,
+             lang: _mainLocalizer.languageCode()
+           }, params);
+           var prefix = params.query;
+           var url = _apibase + 'keys/all?' + utilQsString(params);
+           doRequest(url, params, true, callback, function (err, d) {
+             if (err) {
+               callback(err);
+             } else {
+               var f = filterMultikeys(prefix);
+               var result = d.data.filter(f).map(valKey);
+               _taginfoCache[url] = result;
+               callback(null, result);
+             }
+           });
+         },
+         values: function values(params, callback) {
+           // Exclude popular keys from values lookups.. see #3955
+           var key = params.key;
 
-           function customChanged(d) {
-               if (d && d.template) {
-                   _customSource.template(d.template);
-                   chooseBackground(_customSource);
-               } else {
-                   _customSource.template('');
-                   chooseBackground(context.background().findSource('none'));
-               }
+           if (key && _popularKeys[key]) {
+             callback(null, []);
+             return;
            }
 
+           var doRequest = params.debounce ? debouncedRequest : request;
+           params = clean(setSort(setFilter(params)));
+           params = Object.assign({
+             rp: 25,
+             sortname: 'count_all',
+             sortorder: 'desc',
+             page: 1,
+             lang: _mainLocalizer.languageCode()
+           }, params);
+           var url = _apibase + 'key/values?' + utilQsString(params);
+           doRequest(url, params, false, callback, function (err, d) {
+             if (err) {
+               callback(err);
+             } else {
+               // In most cases we prefer taginfo value results with lowercase letters.
+               // A few OSM keys expect values to contain uppercase values (see #3377).
+               // This is not an exhaustive list (e.g. `name` also has uppercase values)
+               // but these are the fields where taginfo value lookup is most useful.
+               var re = /network|taxon|genus|species|brand|grape_variety|royal_cypher|listed_status|booth|rating|stars|:output|_hours|_times|_ref|manufacturer|country|target|brewery/;
+               var allowUpperCase = re.test(params.key);
+               var f = filterValues(allowUpperCase);
+               var result = d.data.filter(f).map(valKeyDescription);
+               _taginfoCache[url] = result;
+               callback(null, result);
+             }
+           });
+         },
+         roles: function roles(params, callback) {
+           var doRequest = params.debounce ? debouncedRequest : request;
+           var geometry = params.geometry;
+           params = clean(setSortMembers(params));
+           params = Object.assign({
+             rp: 25,
+             sortname: 'count_all_members',
+             sortorder: 'desc',
+             page: 1,
+             lang: _mainLocalizer.languageCode()
+           }, params);
+           var url = _apibase + 'relation/roles?' + utilQsString(params);
+           doRequest(url, params, true, callback, function (err, d) {
+             if (err) {
+               callback(err);
+             } else {
+               var f = filterRoles(geometry);
+               var result = d.data.filter(f).map(roleKey);
+               _taginfoCache[url] = result;
+               callback(null, result);
+             }
+           });
+         },
+         docs: function docs(params, callback) {
+           var doRequest = params.debounce ? debouncedRequest : request;
+           params = clean(setSort(params));
+           var path = 'key/wiki_pages?';
 
-           function editCustom() {
-               event.preventDefault();
-               context.container()
-                   .call(_settingsCustomBackground);
+           if (params.value) {
+             path = 'tag/wiki_pages?';
+           } else if (params.rtype) {
+             path = 'relation/wiki_pages?';
            }
 
+           var url = _apibase + path + utilQsString(params);
+           doRequest(url, params, true, callback, function (err, d) {
+             if (err) {
+               callback(err);
+             } else {
+               _taginfoCache[url] = d.data;
+               callback(null, d.data);
+             }
+           });
+         },
+         apibase: function apibase(_) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _apibase;
+           _apibase = _;
+           return this;
+         }
+       };
 
-           context.background()
-               .on('change.background_list', function() {
-                   _backgroundList.call(updateLayerSelections);
-               });
+       /**
+        * Wraps a GeoJSON {@link Geometry} in a GeoJSON {@link Feature}.
+        *
+        * @name feature
+        * @param {Geometry} geometry input geometry
+        * @param {Object} [properties={}] an Object of key-value pairs to add as properties
+        * @param {Object} [options={}] Optional Parameters
+        * @param {Array<number>} [options.bbox] Bounding Box Array [west, south, east, north] associated with the Feature
+        * @param {string|number} [options.id] Identifier associated with the Feature
+        * @returns {Feature} a GeoJSON Feature
+        * @example
+        * var geometry = {
+        *   "type": "Point",
+        *   "coordinates": [110, 50]
+        * };
+        *
+        * var feature = turf.feature(geometry);
+        *
+        * //=feature
+        */
 
-           context.map()
-               .on('move.background_list',
-                   debounce(function() {
-                       // layers in-view may have changed due to map move
-                       window.requestIdleCallback(section.reRender);
-                   }, 1000)
-               );
+       function feature(geom, properties, options) {
+         if (options === void 0) {
+           options = {};
+         }
 
-           return section;
-       }
+         var feat = {
+           type: "Feature"
+         };
 
-       function uiSectionBackgroundOffset(context) {
+         if (options.id === 0 || options.id) {
+           feat.id = options.id;
+         }
 
-           var section = uiSection('background-offset', context)
-               .title(_t('background.fix_misalignment'))
-               .disclosureContent(renderDisclosureContent)
-               .expandedByDefault(false);
+         if (options.bbox) {
+           feat.bbox = options.bbox;
+         }
 
-           var _pointerPrefix = 'PointerEvent' in window ? 'pointer' : 'mouse';
+         feat.properties = properties || {};
+         feat.geometry = geom;
+         return feat;
+       }
+       /**
+        * Creates a {@link Polygon} {@link Feature} from an Array of LinearRings.
+        *
+        * @name polygon
+        * @param {Array<Array<Array<number>>>} coordinates an array of LinearRings
+        * @param {Object} [properties={}] an Object of key-value pairs to add as properties
+        * @param {Object} [options={}] Optional Parameters
+        * @param {Array<number>} [options.bbox] Bounding Box Array [west, south, east, north] associated with the Feature
+        * @param {string|number} [options.id] Identifier associated with the Feature
+        * @returns {Feature<Polygon>} Polygon Feature
+        * @example
+        * var polygon = turf.polygon([[[-5, 52], [-4, 56], [-2, 51], [-7, 54], [-5, 52]]], { name: 'poly1' });
+        *
+        * //=polygon
+        */
 
-           var _directions = [
-               ['right', [0.5, 0]],
-               ['top', [0, -0.5]],
-               ['left', [-0.5, 0]],
-               ['bottom', [0, 0.5]]
-           ];
+       function polygon(coordinates, properties, options) {
+         if (options === void 0) {
+           options = {};
+         }
 
+         for (var _i = 0, coordinates_1 = coordinates; _i < coordinates_1.length; _i++) {
+           var ring = coordinates_1[_i];
 
-           function cancelEvent() {
-               event.stopPropagation();
-               event.preventDefault();
+           if (ring.length < 4) {
+             throw new Error("Each LinearRing of a Polygon must have 4 or more Positions.");
            }
 
-
-           function updateValue() {
-               var meters = geoOffsetToMeters(context.background().offset());
-               var x = +meters[0].toFixed(2);
-               var y = +meters[1].toFixed(2);
-
-               context.container().selectAll('.nudge-inner-rect')
-                   .select('input')
-                   .classed('error', false)
-                   .property('value', x + ', ' + y);
-
-               context.container().selectAll('.nudge-reset')
-                   .classed('disabled', function() {
-                       return (x === 0 && y === 0);
-                   });
+           for (var j = 0; j < ring[ring.length - 1].length; j++) {
+             // Check if first point of Polygon contains two numbers
+             if (ring[ring.length - 1][j] !== ring[0][j]) {
+               throw new Error("First and last Position are not equivalent.");
+             }
            }
+         }
 
+         var geom = {
+           type: "Polygon",
+           coordinates: coordinates
+         };
+         return feature(geom, properties, options);
+       }
+       /**
+        * Creates a {@link LineString} {@link Feature} from an Array of Positions.
+        *
+        * @name lineString
+        * @param {Array<Array<number>>} coordinates an array of Positions
+        * @param {Object} [properties={}] an Object of key-value pairs to add as properties
+        * @param {Object} [options={}] Optional Parameters
+        * @param {Array<number>} [options.bbox] Bounding Box Array [west, south, east, north] associated with the Feature
+        * @param {string|number} [options.id] Identifier associated with the Feature
+        * @returns {Feature<LineString>} LineString Feature
+        * @example
+        * var linestring1 = turf.lineString([[-24, 63], [-23, 60], [-25, 65], [-20, 69]], {name: 'line 1'});
+        * var linestring2 = turf.lineString([[-14, 43], [-13, 40], [-15, 45], [-10, 49]], {name: 'line 2'});
+        *
+        * //=linestring1
+        * //=linestring2
+        */
 
-           function resetOffset() {
-               context.background().offset([0, 0]);
-               updateValue();
-           }
+       function lineString(coordinates, properties, options) {
+         if (options === void 0) {
+           options = {};
+         }
 
+         if (coordinates.length < 2) {
+           throw new Error("coordinates must be an array of two or more positions");
+         }
 
-           function nudge(d) {
-               context.background().nudge(d, context.map().zoom());
-               updateValue();
-           }
+         var geom = {
+           type: "LineString",
+           coordinates: coordinates
+         };
+         return feature(geom, properties, options);
+       }
+       /**
+        * Creates a {@link Feature<MultiLineString>} based on a
+        * coordinate array. Properties can be added optionally.
+        *
+        * @name multiLineString
+        * @param {Array<Array<Array<number>>>} coordinates an array of LineStrings
+        * @param {Object} [properties={}] an Object of key-value pairs to add as properties
+        * @param {Object} [options={}] Optional Parameters
+        * @param {Array<number>} [options.bbox] Bounding Box Array [west, south, east, north] associated with the Feature
+        * @param {string|number} [options.id] Identifier associated with the Feature
+        * @returns {Feature<MultiLineString>} a MultiLineString feature
+        * @throws {Error} if no coordinates are passed
+        * @example
+        * var multiLine = turf.multiLineString([[[0,0],[10,10]]]);
+        *
+        * //=multiLine
+        */
 
+       function multiLineString(coordinates, properties, options) {
+         if (options === void 0) {
+           options = {};
+         }
 
-           function pointerdownNudgeButton(d) {
-               var interval;
-               var timeout = window.setTimeout(function() {
-                       interval = window.setInterval(nudge.bind(null, d), 100);
-                   }, 500);
+         var geom = {
+           type: "MultiLineString",
+           coordinates: coordinates
+         };
+         return feature(geom, properties, options);
+       }
+       /**
+        * Creates a {@link Feature<MultiPolygon>} based on a
+        * coordinate array. Properties can be added optionally.
+        *
+        * @name multiPolygon
+        * @param {Array<Array<Array<Array<number>>>>} coordinates an array of Polygons
+        * @param {Object} [properties={}] an Object of key-value pairs to add as properties
+        * @param {Object} [options={}] Optional Parameters
+        * @param {Array<number>} [options.bbox] Bounding Box Array [west, south, east, north] associated with the Feature
+        * @param {string|number} [options.id] Identifier associated with the Feature
+        * @returns {Feature<MultiPolygon>} a multipolygon feature
+        * @throws {Error} if no coordinates are passed
+        * @example
+        * var multiPoly = turf.multiPolygon([[[[0,0],[0,10],[10,10],[10,0],[0,0]]]]);
+        *
+        * //=multiPoly
+        *
+        */
 
-               function doneNudge() {
-                   window.clearTimeout(timeout);
-                   window.clearInterval(interval);
-                   select(window)
-                       .on(_pointerPrefix + 'up.buttonoffset', null, true)
-                       .on(_pointerPrefix + 'down.buttonoffset', null, true);
-               }
+       function multiPolygon(coordinates, properties, options) {
+         if (options === void 0) {
+           options = {};
+         }
 
-               select(window)
-                   .on(_pointerPrefix + 'up.buttonoffset', doneNudge, true)
-                   .on(_pointerPrefix + 'down.buttonoffset', doneNudge, true);
+         var geom = {
+           type: "MultiPolygon",
+           coordinates: coordinates
+         };
+         return feature(geom, properties, options);
+       }
 
-               nudge(d);
-           }
+       /**
+        * Get Geometry from Feature or Geometry Object
+        *
+        * @param {Feature|Geometry} geojson GeoJSON Feature or Geometry Object
+        * @returns {Geometry|null} GeoJSON Geometry Object
+        * @throws {Error} if geojson is not a Feature or Geometry Object
+        * @example
+        * var point = {
+        *   "type": "Feature",
+        *   "properties": {},
+        *   "geometry": {
+        *     "type": "Point",
+        *     "coordinates": [110, 40]
+        *   }
+        * }
+        * var geom = turf.getGeom(point)
+        * //={"type": "Point", "coordinates": [110, 40]}
+        */
 
+       function getGeom(geojson) {
+         if (geojson.type === "Feature") {
+           return geojson.geometry;
+         }
 
-           function inputOffset() {
-               var input = select(this);
-               var d = input.node().value;
+         return geojson;
+       }
 
-               if (d === '') return resetOffset();
+       // Cohen-Sutherland line clipping algorithm, adapted to efficiently
+       // handle polylines rather than just segments
+       function lineclip(points, bbox, result) {
+         var len = points.length,
+             codeA = bitCode(points[0], bbox),
+             part = [],
+             i,
+             codeB,
+             lastCode;
+         var a;
+         var b;
+         if (!result) result = [];
 
-               d = d.replace(/;/g, ',').split(',').map(function(n) {
-                   // if n is NaN, it will always get mapped to false.
-                   return !isNaN(n) && n;
-               });
+         for (i = 1; i < len; i++) {
+           a = points[i - 1];
+           b = points[i];
+           codeB = lastCode = bitCode(b, bbox);
 
-               if (d.length !== 2 || !d[0] || !d[1]) {
-                   input.classed('error', true);
-                   return;
+           while (true) {
+             if (!(codeA | codeB)) {
+               // accept
+               part.push(a);
+
+               if (codeB !== lastCode) {
+                 // segment went outside
+                 part.push(b);
+
+                 if (i < len - 1) {
+                   // start a new line
+                   result.push(part);
+                   part = [];
+                 }
+               } else if (i === len - 1) {
+                 part.push(b);
                }
 
-               context.background().offset(geoMetersToOffset(d));
-               updateValue();
+               break;
+             } else if (codeA & codeB) {
+               // trivial reject
+               break;
+             } else if (codeA) {
+               // a outside, intersect with clip edge
+               a = intersect(a, b, codeA, bbox);
+               codeA = bitCode(a, bbox);
+             } else {
+               // b outside
+               b = intersect(a, b, codeB, bbox);
+               codeB = bitCode(b, bbox);
+             }
            }
 
+           codeA = lastCode;
+         }
 
-           function dragOffset() {
-               if (event.button !== 0) return;
+         if (part.length) result.push(part);
+         return result;
+       } // Sutherland-Hodgeman polygon clipping algorithm
 
-               var origin = [event.clientX, event.clientY];
+       function polygonclip(points, bbox) {
+         var result, edge, prev, prevInside, i, p, inside; // clip against each side of the clip rectangle
 
-               var pointerId = event.pointerId || 'mouse';
+         for (edge = 1; edge <= 8; edge *= 2) {
+           result = [];
+           prev = points[points.length - 1];
+           prevInside = !(bitCode(prev, bbox) & edge);
 
-               context.container()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'nudge-surface');
+           for (i = 0; i < points.length; i++) {
+             p = points[i];
+             inside = !(bitCode(p, bbox) & edge); // if segment goes through the clip window, add an intersection
 
-               select(window)
-                   .on(_pointerPrefix + 'move.drag-bg-offset', pointermove)
-                   .on(_pointerPrefix + 'up.drag-bg-offset', pointerup);
+             if (inside !== prevInside) result.push(intersect(prev, p, edge, bbox));
+             if (inside) result.push(p); // add a point if it's inside
 
-               if (_pointerPrefix === 'pointer') {
-                   select(window)
-                       .on('pointercancel.drag-bg-offset', pointerup);
-               }
+             prev = p;
+             prevInside = inside;
+           }
 
-               function pointermove() {
-                   if (pointerId !== (event.pointerId || 'mouse')) return;
+           points = result;
+           if (!points.length) break;
+         }
 
-                   var latest = [event.clientX, event.clientY];
-                   var d = [
-                       -(origin[0] - latest[0]) / 4,
-                       -(origin[1] - latest[1]) / 4
-                   ];
+         return result;
+       } // intersect a segment against one of the 4 lines that make up the bbox
 
-                   origin = latest;
-                   nudge(d);
-               }
+       function intersect(a, b, edge, bbox) {
+         return edge & 8 ? [a[0] + (b[0] - a[0]) * (bbox[3] - a[1]) / (b[1] - a[1]), bbox[3]] // top
+         : edge & 4 ? [a[0] + (b[0] - a[0]) * (bbox[1] - a[1]) / (b[1] - a[1]), bbox[1]] // bottom
+         : edge & 2 ? [bbox[2], a[1] + (b[1] - a[1]) * (bbox[2] - a[0]) / (b[0] - a[0])] // right
+         : edge & 1 ? [bbox[0], a[1] + (b[1] - a[1]) * (bbox[0] - a[0]) / (b[0] - a[0])] // left
+         : null;
+       } // bit code reflects the point position relative to the bbox:
+       //         left  mid  right
+       //    top  1001  1000  1010
+       //    mid  0001  0000  0010
+       // bottom  0101  0100  0110
 
-               function pointerup() {
-                   if (pointerId !== (event.pointerId || 'mouse')) return;
-                   if (event.button !== 0) return;
 
-                   context.container().selectAll('.nudge-surface')
-                       .remove();
+       function bitCode(p, bbox) {
+         var code = 0;
+         if (p[0] < bbox[0]) code |= 1; // left
+         else if (p[0] > bbox[2]) code |= 2; // right
 
-                   select(window)
-                       .on('.drag-bg-offset', null);
-               }
-           }
+         if (p[1] < bbox[1]) code |= 4; // bottom
+         else if (p[1] > bbox[3]) code |= 8; // top
 
+         return code;
+       }
 
-           function renderDisclosureContent(selection) {
-               var container = selection.selectAll('.nudge-container')
-                   .data([0]);
+       /**
+        * Takes a {@link Feature} and a bbox and clips the feature to the bbox using
+        * [lineclip](https://github.com/mapbox/lineclip).
+        * May result in degenerate edges when clipping Polygons.
+        *
+        * @name bboxClip
+        * @param {Feature<LineString|MultiLineString|Polygon|MultiPolygon>} feature feature to clip to the bbox
+        * @param {BBox} bbox extent in [minX, minY, maxX, maxY] order
+        * @returns {Feature<LineString|MultiLineString|Polygon|MultiPolygon>} clipped Feature
+        * @example
+        * var bbox = [0, 0, 10, 10];
+        * var poly = turf.polygon([[[2, 2], [8, 4], [12, 8], [3, 7], [2, 2]]]);
+        *
+        * var clipped = turf.bboxClip(poly, bbox);
+        *
+        * //addToMap
+        * var addToMap = [bbox, poly, clipped]
+        */
 
-               var containerEnter = container.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'nudge-container cf');
+       function bboxClip(feature, bbox) {
+         var geom = getGeom(feature);
+         var type = geom.type;
+         var properties = feature.type === "Feature" ? feature.properties : {};
+         var coords = geom.coordinates;
 
-               containerEnter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'nudge-instructions')
-                   .text(_t('background.offset'));
+         switch (type) {
+           case "LineString":
+           case "MultiLineString":
+             var lines_1 = [];
 
-               var nudgeEnter = containerEnter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'nudge-outer-rect')
-                   .on(_pointerPrefix + 'down', dragOffset);
+             if (type === "LineString") {
+               coords = [coords];
+             }
 
-               nudgeEnter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'nudge-inner-rect')
-                   .append('input')
-                   .on('change', inputOffset);
+             coords.forEach(function (line) {
+               lineclip(line, bbox, lines_1);
+             });
 
-               containerEnter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .selectAll('button')
-                   .data(_directions).enter()
-                   .append('button')
-                   .attr('class', function(d) { return d[0] + ' nudge'; })
-                   .on('contextmenu', cancelEvent)
-                   .on(_pointerPrefix + 'down', function(d) {
-                       if (event.button !== 0) return;
-                       pointerdownNudgeButton(d[1]);
-                   });
+             if (lines_1.length === 1) {
+               return lineString(lines_1[0], properties);
+             }
 
-               containerEnter
-                   .append('button')
-                   .attr('title', _t('background.reset'))
-                   .attr('class', 'nudge-reset disabled')
-                   .on('contextmenu', cancelEvent)
-                   .on('click', function() {
-                       event.preventDefault();
-                       if (event.button !== 0) return;
-                       resetOffset();
-                   })
-                   .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-' + (_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl' ? 'redo' : 'undo')));
+             return multiLineString(lines_1, properties);
 
-               updateValue();
-           }
+           case "Polygon":
+             return polygon(clipPolygon(coords, bbox), properties);
 
-           context.background()
-               .on('change.backgroundOffset-update', updateValue);
+           case "MultiPolygon":
+             return multiPolygon(coords.map(function (poly) {
+               return clipPolygon(poly, bbox);
+             }), properties);
 
-           return section;
+           default:
+             throw new Error("geometry " + type + " not supported");
+         }
        }
 
-       function uiSectionOverlayList(context) {
+       function clipPolygon(rings, bbox) {
+         var outRings = [];
 
-           var section = uiSection('overlay-list', context)
-               .title(_t('background.overlays'))
-               .disclosureContent(renderDisclosureContent);
+         for (var _i = 0, rings_1 = rings; _i < rings_1.length; _i++) {
+           var ring = rings_1[_i];
+           var clipped = polygonclip(ring, bbox);
 
-           var _overlayList = select(null);
+           if (clipped.length > 0) {
+             if (clipped[0][0] !== clipped[clipped.length - 1][0] || clipped[0][1] !== clipped[clipped.length - 1][1]) {
+               clipped.push(clipped[0]);
+             }
 
-           function setTooltips(selection) {
-               selection.each(function(d, i, nodes) {
-                   var item = select(this).select('label');
-                   var span = item.select('span');
-                   var placement = (i < nodes.length / 2) ? 'bottom' : 'top';
-                   var description = d.description();
-                   var isOverflowing = (span.property('clientWidth') !== span.property('scrollWidth'));
+             if (clipped.length >= 4) {
+               outRings.push(clipped);
+             }
+           }
+         }
 
-                   item.call(uiTooltip().destroyAny);
+         return outRings;
+       }
 
-                   if (description || isOverflowing) {
-                       item.call(uiTooltip()
-                           .placement(placement)
-                           .title(description || d.name())
-                       );
-                   }
-               });
-           }
+       var tiler = utilTiler().tileSize(512).margin(1);
+       var dispatch = dispatch$8('loadedData');
 
-           function updateLayerSelections(selection) {
-               function active(d) {
-                   return context.background().showsLayer(d);
-               }
+       var _vtCache;
 
-               selection.selectAll('li')
-                   .classed('active', active)
-                   .call(setTooltips)
-                   .selectAll('input')
-                   .property('checked', active);
-           }
+       function abortRequest(controller) {
+         controller.abort();
+       }
 
+       function vtToGeoJSON(data, tile, mergeCache) {
+         var vectorTile$1 = new vectorTile.VectorTile(new pbf(data));
+         var layers = Object.keys(vectorTile$1.layers);
 
-           function chooseOverlay(d) {
-               event.preventDefault();
-               context.background().toggleOverlayLayer(d);
-               _overlayList.call(updateLayerSelections);
-               document.activeElement.blur();
-           }
+         if (!Array.isArray(layers)) {
+           layers = [layers];
+         }
 
-           function drawListItems(layerList, type, change, filter) {
-               var sources = context.background()
-                   .sources(context.map().extent(), context.map().zoom(), true)
-                   .filter(filter);
+         var features = [];
+         layers.forEach(function (layerID) {
+           var layer = vectorTile$1.layers[layerID];
 
-               var layerLinks = layerList.selectAll('li')
-                   .data(sources, function(d) { return d.name(); });
+           if (layer) {
+             for (var i = 0; i < layer.length; i++) {
+               var feature = layer.feature(i).toGeoJSON(tile.xyz[0], tile.xyz[1], tile.xyz[2]);
+               var geometry = feature.geometry; // Treat all Polygons as MultiPolygons
 
-               layerLinks.exit()
-                   .remove();
+               if (geometry.type === 'Polygon') {
+                 geometry.type = 'MultiPolygon';
+                 geometry.coordinates = [geometry.coordinates];
+               }
 
-               var enter = layerLinks.enter()
-                   .append('li');
+               var isClipped = false; // Clip to tile bounds
 
-               var label = enter
-                   .append('label');
+               if (geometry.type === 'MultiPolygon') {
+                 var featureClip = bboxClip(feature, tile.extent.rectangle());
 
-               label
-                   .append('input')
-                   .attr('type', type)
-                   .attr('name', 'layers')
-                   .on('change', change);
+                 if (!fastDeepEqual(feature.geometry, featureClip.geometry)) {
+                   // feature = featureClip;
+                   isClipped = true;
+                 }
 
-               label
-                   .append('span')
-                   .text(function(d) { return d.name(); });
+                 if (!feature.geometry.coordinates.length) continue; // not actually on this tile
 
+                 if (!feature.geometry.coordinates[0].length) continue; // not actually on this tile
+               } // Generate some unique IDs and add some metadata
 
-               layerList.selectAll('li')
-                   .sort(sortSources);
 
-               layerList
-                   .call(updateLayerSelections);
+               var featurehash = utilHashcode(fastJsonStableStringify(feature));
+               var propertyhash = utilHashcode(fastJsonStableStringify(feature.properties || {}));
+               feature.__layerID__ = layerID.replace(/[^_a-zA-Z0-9\-]/g, '_');
+               feature.__featurehash__ = featurehash;
+               feature.__propertyhash__ = propertyhash;
+               features.push(feature); // Clipped Polygons at same zoom with identical properties can get merged
 
+               if (isClipped && geometry.type === 'MultiPolygon') {
+                 var merged = mergeCache[propertyhash];
 
-               function sortSources(a, b) {
-                   return a.best() && !b.best() ? -1
-                       : b.best() && !a.best() ? 1
-                       : d3_descending(a.area(), b.area()) || d3_ascending(a.name(), b.name()) || 0;
-               }
-           }
+                 if (merged && merged.length) {
+                   var other = merged[0];
+                   var coords = index.union(feature.geometry.coordinates, other.geometry.coordinates);
 
-           function renderDisclosureContent(selection) {
+                   if (!coords || !coords.length) {
+                     continue; // something failed in polygon union
+                   }
 
-               var container = selection.selectAll('.layer-overlay-list')
-                   .data([0]);
+                   merged.push(feature);
 
-               _overlayList = container.enter()
-                   .append('ul')
-                   .attr('class', 'layer-list layer-overlay-list')
-                   .attr('dir', 'auto')
-                   .merge(container);
+                   for (var j = 0; j < merged.length; j++) {
+                     // all these features get...
+                     merged[j].geometry.coordinates = coords; // same coords
 
-               _overlayList
-                   .call(drawListItems, 'checkbox', chooseOverlay, function(d) { return !d.isHidden() && d.overlay; });
+                     merged[j].__featurehash__ = featurehash; // same hash, so deduplication works
+                   }
+                 } else {
+                   mergeCache[propertyhash] = [feature];
+                 }
+               }
+             }
            }
+         });
+         return features;
+       }
 
-           context.map()
-               .on('move.overlay_list',
-                   debounce(function() {
-                       // layers in-view may have changed due to map move
-                       window.requestIdleCallback(section.reRender);
-                   }, 1000)
-               );
+       function loadTile(source, tile) {
+         if (source.loaded[tile.id] || source.inflight[tile.id]) return;
+         var url = source.template.replace('{x}', tile.xyz[0]).replace('{y}', tile.xyz[1]) // TMS-flipped y coordinate
+         .replace(/\{[t-]y\}/, Math.pow(2, tile.xyz[2]) - tile.xyz[1] - 1).replace(/\{z(oom)?\}/, tile.xyz[2]).replace(/\{switch:([^}]+)\}/, function (s, r) {
+           var subdomains = r.split(',');
+           return subdomains[(tile.xyz[0] + tile.xyz[1]) % subdomains.length];
+         });
+         var controller = new AbortController();
+         source.inflight[tile.id] = controller;
+         fetch(url, {
+           signal: controller.signal
+         }).then(function (response) {
+           if (!response.ok) {
+             throw new Error(response.status + ' ' + response.statusText);
+           }
 
-           return section;
-       }
+           source.loaded[tile.id] = [];
+           delete source.inflight[tile.id];
+           return response.arrayBuffer();
+         }).then(function (data) {
+           if (!data) {
+             throw new Error('No Data');
+           }
 
-       function uiPaneBackground(context) {
+           var z = tile.xyz[2];
 
-           var backgroundPane = uiPane('background', context)
-               .key(_t('background.key'))
-               .title(_t('background.title'))
-               .description(_t('background.description'))
-               .iconName('iD-icon-layers')
-               .sections([
-                   uiSectionBackgroundList(context),
-                   uiSectionOverlayList(context),
-                   uiSectionBackgroundDisplayOptions(context),
-                   uiSectionBackgroundOffset(context)
-               ]);
+           if (!source.canMerge[z]) {
+             source.canMerge[z] = {}; // initialize mergeCache
+           }
 
-           return backgroundPane;
+           source.loaded[tile.id] = vtToGeoJSON(data, tile, source.canMerge[z]);
+           dispatch.call('loadedData');
+         })["catch"](function () {
+           source.loaded[tile.id] = [];
+           delete source.inflight[tile.id];
+         });
        }
 
-       function uiPaneHelp(context) {
+       var serviceVectorTile = {
+         init: function init() {
+           if (!_vtCache) {
+             this.reset();
+           }
 
-           var docKeys = [
-               ['help', [
-                   'welcome',
-                   'open_data_h',
-                   'open_data',
-                   'before_start_h',
-                   'before_start',
-                   'open_source_h',
-                   'open_source',
-                   'open_source_help'
-               ]],
-               ['overview', [
-                   'navigation_h',
-                   'navigation_drag',
-                   'navigation_zoom',
-                   'features_h',
-                   'features',
-                   'nodes_ways'
-               ]],
-               ['editing', [
-                   'select_h',
-                   'select_left_click',
-                   'select_right_click',
-                   'select_space',
-                   'multiselect_h',
-                   'multiselect',
-                   'multiselect_shift_click',
-                   'multiselect_lasso',
-                   'undo_redo_h',
-                   'undo_redo',
-                   'save_h',
-                   'save',
-                   'save_validation',
-                   'upload_h',
-                   'upload',
-                   'backups_h',
-                   'backups',
-                   'keyboard_h',
-                   'keyboard'
-               ]],
-               ['feature_editor', [
-                   'intro',
-                   'definitions',
-                   'type_h',
-                   'type',
-                   'type_picker',
-                   'fields_h',
-                   'fields_all_fields',
-                   'fields_example',
-                   'fields_add_field',
-                   'tags_h',
-                   'tags_all_tags',
-                   'tags_resources'
-               ]],
-               ['points', [
-                   'intro',
-                   'add_point_h',
-                   'add_point',
-                   'add_point_finish',
-                   'move_point_h',
-                   'move_point',
-                   'delete_point_h',
-                   'delete_point',
-                   'delete_point_command'
-               ]],
-               ['lines', [
-                   'intro',
-                   'add_line_h',
-                   'add_line',
-                   'add_line_draw',
-                   'add_line_continue',
-                   'add_line_finish',
-                   'modify_line_h',
-                   'modify_line_dragnode',
-                   'modify_line_addnode',
-                   'connect_line_h',
-                   'connect_line',
-                   'connect_line_display',
-                   'connect_line_drag',
-                   'connect_line_tag',
-                   'disconnect_line_h',
-                   'disconnect_line_command',
-                   'move_line_h',
-                   'move_line_command',
-                   'move_line_connected',
-                   'delete_line_h',
-                   'delete_line',
-                   'delete_line_command'
-               ]],
-               ['areas', [
-                   'intro',
-                   'point_or_area_h',
-                   'point_or_area',
-                   'add_area_h',
-                   'add_area_command',
-                   'add_area_draw',
-                   'add_area_continue',
-                   'add_area_finish',
-                   'square_area_h',
-                   'square_area_command',
-                   'modify_area_h',
-                   'modify_area_dragnode',
-                   'modify_area_addnode',
-                   'delete_area_h',
-                   'delete_area',
-                   'delete_area_command'
-               ]],
-               ['relations', [
-                   'intro',
-                   'edit_relation_h',
-                   'edit_relation',
-                   'edit_relation_add',
-                   'edit_relation_delete',
-                   'maintain_relation_h',
-                   'maintain_relation',
-                   'relation_types_h',
-                   'multipolygon_h',
-                   'multipolygon',
-                   'multipolygon_create',
-                   'multipolygon_merge',
-                   'turn_restriction_h',
-                   'turn_restriction',
-                   'turn_restriction_field',
-                   'turn_restriction_editing',
-                   'route_h',
-                   'route',
-                   'route_add',
-                   'boundary_h',
-                   'boundary',
-                   'boundary_add'
-               ]],
-               ['notes', [
-                   'intro',
-                   'add_note_h',
-                   'add_note',
-                   'place_note',
-                   'move_note',
-                   'update_note_h',
-                   'update_note',
-                   'save_note_h',
-                   'save_note'
-               ]],
-               ['imagery', [
-                   'intro',
-                   'sources_h',
-                   'choosing',
-                   'sources',
-                   'offsets_h',
-                   'offset',
-                   'offset_change'
-               ]],
-               ['streetlevel', [
-                   'intro',
-                   'using_h',
-                   'using',
-                   'photos',
-                   'viewer'
-               ]],
-               ['gps', [
-                   'intro',
-                   'survey',
-                   'using_h',
-                   'using',
-                   'tracing',
-                   'upload'
-               ]],
-               ['qa', [
-                   'intro',
-                   'tools_h',
-                   'tools',
-                   'issues_h',
-                   'issues'
-               ]]
-           ];
-
-           var headings = {
-               'help.help.open_data_h': 3,
-               'help.help.before_start_h': 3,
-               'help.help.open_source_h': 3,
-               'help.overview.navigation_h': 3,
-               'help.overview.features_h': 3,
-               'help.editing.select_h': 3,
-               'help.editing.multiselect_h': 3,
-               'help.editing.undo_redo_h': 3,
-               'help.editing.save_h': 3,
-               'help.editing.upload_h': 3,
-               'help.editing.backups_h': 3,
-               'help.editing.keyboard_h': 3,
-               'help.feature_editor.type_h': 3,
-               'help.feature_editor.fields_h': 3,
-               'help.feature_editor.tags_h': 3,
-               'help.points.add_point_h': 3,
-               'help.points.move_point_h': 3,
-               'help.points.delete_point_h': 3,
-               'help.lines.add_line_h': 3,
-               'help.lines.modify_line_h': 3,
-               'help.lines.connect_line_h': 3,
-               'help.lines.disconnect_line_h': 3,
-               'help.lines.move_line_h': 3,
-               'help.lines.delete_line_h': 3,
-               'help.areas.point_or_area_h': 3,
-               'help.areas.add_area_h': 3,
-               'help.areas.square_area_h': 3,
-               'help.areas.modify_area_h': 3,
-               'help.areas.delete_area_h': 3,
-               'help.relations.edit_relation_h': 3,
-               'help.relations.maintain_relation_h': 3,
-               'help.relations.relation_types_h': 2,
-               'help.relations.multipolygon_h': 3,
-               'help.relations.turn_restriction_h': 3,
-               'help.relations.route_h': 3,
-               'help.relations.boundary_h': 3,
-               'help.notes.add_note_h': 3,
-               'help.notes.update_note_h': 3,
-               'help.notes.save_note_h': 3,
-               'help.imagery.sources_h': 3,
-               'help.imagery.offsets_h': 3,
-               'help.streetlevel.using_h': 3,
-               'help.gps.using_h': 3,
-               'help.qa.tools_h': 3,
-               'help.qa.issues_h': 3
-           };
+           this.event = utilRebind(this, dispatch, 'on');
+         },
+         reset: function reset() {
+           for (var sourceID in _vtCache) {
+             var source = _vtCache[sourceID];
 
-           // For each section, squash all the texts into a single markdown document
-           var docs = docKeys.map(function(key) {
-               var helpkey = 'help.' + key[0];
-               var helpPaneReplacements = { version: context.version };
-               var text = key[1].reduce(function(all, part) {
-                   var subkey = helpkey + '.' + part;
-                   var depth = headings[subkey];                              // is this subkey a heading?
-                   var hhh = depth ? Array(depth + 1).join('#') + ' ' : '';   // if so, prepend with some ##'s
-                   return all + hhh + helpString(subkey, helpPaneReplacements) + '\n\n';
-               }, '');
+             if (source && source.inflight) {
+               Object.values(source.inflight).forEach(abortRequest);
+             }
+           }
 
-               return {
-                   title: _t(helpkey + '.title'),
-                   html: marked_1(text.trim())
-                       // use keyboard key styling for shortcuts
-                       .replace(/<code>/g, '<kbd>')
-                       .replace(/<\/code>/g, '<\/kbd>')
-               };
-           });
+           _vtCache = {};
+         },
+         addSource: function addSource(sourceID, template) {
+           _vtCache[sourceID] = {
+             template: template,
+             inflight: {},
+             loaded: {},
+             canMerge: {}
+           };
+           return _vtCache[sourceID];
+         },
+         data: function data(sourceID, projection) {
+           var source = _vtCache[sourceID];
+           if (!source) return [];
+           var tiles = tiler.getTiles(projection);
+           var seen = {};
+           var results = [];
 
-           var helpPane = uiPane('help', context)
-               .key(_t('help.key'))
-               .title(_t('help.title'))
-               .description(_t('help.title'))
-               .iconName('iD-icon-help');
+           for (var i = 0; i < tiles.length; i++) {
+             var features = source.loaded[tiles[i].id];
+             if (!features || !features.length) continue;
 
-           helpPane.renderContent = function(content) {
+             for (var j = 0; j < features.length; j++) {
+               var feature = features[j];
+               var hash = feature.__featurehash__;
+               if (seen[hash]) continue;
+               seen[hash] = true; // return a shallow copy, because the hash may change
+               // later if this feature gets merged with another
 
-               function clickHelp(d, i) {
-                   var rtl = (_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl');
-                   content.property('scrollTop', 0);
-                   helpPane.selection().select('.pane-heading h2').html(d.title);
+               results.push(Object.assign({}, feature)); // shallow copy
+             }
+           }
 
-                   body.html(d.html);
-                   body.selectAll('a')
-                       .attr('target', '_blank');
-                   menuItems.classed('selected', function(m) {
-                       return m.title === d.title;
-                   });
+           return results;
+         },
+         loadTiles: function loadTiles(sourceID, template, projection) {
+           var source = _vtCache[sourceID];
 
-                   nav.html('');
-                   if (rtl) {
-                       nav.call(drawNext).call(drawPrevious);
-                   } else {
-                       nav.call(drawPrevious).call(drawNext);
-                   }
+           if (!source) {
+             source = this.addSource(sourceID, template);
+           }
 
+           var tiles = tiler.getTiles(projection); // abort inflight requests that are no longer needed
 
-                   function drawNext(selection) {
-                       if (i < docs.length - 1) {
-                           var nextLink = selection
-                               .append('a')
-                               .attr('class', 'next')
-                               .on('click', function() {
-                                   clickHelp(docs[i + 1], i + 1);
-                               });
+           Object.keys(source.inflight).forEach(function (k) {
+             var wanted = tiles.find(function (tile) {
+               return k === tile.id;
+             });
 
-                           nextLink
-                               .append('span')
-                               .text(docs[i + 1].title)
-                               .call(svgIcon((rtl ? '#iD-icon-backward' : '#iD-icon-forward'), 'inline'));
-                       }
-                   }
+             if (!wanted) {
+               abortRequest(source.inflight[k]);
+               delete source.inflight[k];
+             }
+           });
+           tiles.forEach(function (tile) {
+             loadTile(source, tile);
+           });
+         },
+         cache: function cache() {
+           return _vtCache;
+         }
+       };
 
+       var apibase = 'https://www.wikidata.org/w/api.php?';
+       var _wikidataCache = {};
+       var serviceWikidata = {
+         init: function init() {},
+         reset: function reset() {
+           _wikidataCache = {};
+         },
+         // Search for Wikidata items matching the query
+         itemsForSearchQuery: function itemsForSearchQuery(query, callback) {
+           if (!query) {
+             if (callback) callback('No query', {});
+             return;
+           }
 
-                   function drawPrevious(selection) {
-                       if (i > 0) {
-                           var prevLink = selection
-                               .append('a')
-                               .attr('class', 'previous')
-                               .on('click', function() {
-                                   clickHelp(docs[i - 1], i - 1);
-                               });
+           var lang = this.languagesToQuery()[0];
+           var url = apibase + utilQsString({
+             action: 'wbsearchentities',
+             format: 'json',
+             formatversion: 2,
+             search: query,
+             type: 'item',
+             // the language to search
+             language: lang,
+             // the language for the label and description in the result
+             uselang: lang,
+             limit: 10,
+             origin: '*'
+           });
+           d3_json(url).then(function (result) {
+             if (result && result.error) {
+               throw new Error(result.error);
+             }
 
-                           prevLink
-                               .call(svgIcon((rtl ? '#iD-icon-forward' : '#iD-icon-backward'), 'inline'))
-                               .append('span')
-                               .text(docs[i - 1].title);
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
+             if (callback) callback(null, result.search || {});
+           })["catch"](function (err) {
+             if (callback) callback(err.message, {});
+           });
+         },
+         // Given a Wikipedia language and article title,
+         // return an array of corresponding Wikidata entities.
+         itemsByTitle: function itemsByTitle(lang, title, callback) {
+           if (!title) {
+             if (callback) callback('No title', {});
+             return;
+           }
 
+           lang = lang || 'en';
+           var url = apibase + utilQsString({
+             action: 'wbgetentities',
+             format: 'json',
+             formatversion: 2,
+             sites: lang.replace(/-/g, '_') + 'wiki',
+             titles: title,
+             languages: 'en',
+             // shrink response by filtering to one language
+             origin: '*'
+           });
+           d3_json(url).then(function (result) {
+             if (result && result.error) {
+               throw new Error(result.error);
+             }
 
-               function clickWalkthrough() {
-                   if (context.inIntro()) return;
-                   context.container().call(uiIntro(context));
-                   context.ui().togglePanes();
-               }
+             if (callback) callback(null, result.entities || {});
+           })["catch"](function (err) {
+             if (callback) callback(err.message, {});
+           });
+         },
+         languagesToQuery: function languagesToQuery() {
+           return _mainLocalizer.localeCodes().map(function (code) {
+             return code.toLowerCase();
+           }).filter(function (code) {
+             // HACK: en-us isn't a wikidata language. We should really be filtering by
+             // the languages known to be supported by wikidata.
+             return code !== 'en-us';
+           });
+         },
+         entityByQID: function entityByQID(qid, callback) {
+           if (!qid) {
+             callback('No qid', {});
+             return;
+           }
 
+           if (_wikidataCache[qid]) {
+             if (callback) callback(null, _wikidataCache[qid]);
+             return;
+           }
 
-               function clickShortcuts() {
-                   context.container().call(uiShortcuts(context), true);
-               }
+           var langs = this.languagesToQuery();
+           var url = apibase + utilQsString({
+             action: 'wbgetentities',
+             format: 'json',
+             formatversion: 2,
+             ids: qid,
+             props: 'labels|descriptions|claims|sitelinks',
+             sitefilter: langs.map(function (d) {
+               return d + 'wiki';
+             }).join('|'),
+             languages: langs.join('|'),
+             languagefallback: 1,
+             origin: '*'
+           });
+           d3_json(url).then(function (result) {
+             if (result && result.error) {
+               throw new Error(result.error);
+             }
 
-               var toc = content
-                   .append('ul')
-                   .attr('class', 'toc');
+             if (callback) callback(null, result.entities[qid] || {});
+           })["catch"](function (err) {
+             if (callback) callback(err.message, {});
+           });
+         },
+         // Pass `params` object of the form:
+         // {
+         //   qid: 'string'      // brand wikidata  (e.g. 'Q37158')
+         // }
+         //
+         // Get an result object used to display tag documentation
+         // {
+         //   title:        'string',
+         //   description:  'string',
+         //   editURL:      'string',
+         //   imageURL:     'string',
+         //   wiki:         { title: 'string', text: 'string', url: 'string' }
+         // }
+         //
+         getDocs: function getDocs(params, callback) {
+           var langs = this.languagesToQuery();
+           this.entityByQID(params.qid, function (err, entity) {
+             if (err || !entity) {
+               callback(err || 'No entity');
+               return;
+             }
 
-               var menuItems = toc.selectAll('li')
-                   .data(docs)
-                   .enter()
-                   .append('li')
-                   .append('a')
-                   .html(function(d) { return d.title; })
-                   .on('click', clickHelp);
-
-               var shortcuts = toc
-                   .append('li')
-                   .attr('class', 'shortcuts')
-                   .call(uiTooltip()
-                       .title(_t('shortcuts.tooltip'))
-                       .keys(['?'])
-                       .placement('top')
-                   )
-                   .append('a')
-                   .on('click', clickShortcuts);
+             var i;
+             var description;
 
-               shortcuts
-                   .append('div')
-                   .text(_t('shortcuts.title'));
+             for (i in langs) {
+               var code = langs[i];
 
-               var walkthrough = toc
-                   .append('li')
-                   .attr('class', 'walkthrough')
-                   .append('a')
-                   .on('click', clickWalkthrough);
+               if (entity.descriptions[code] && entity.descriptions[code].language === code) {
+                 description = entity.descriptions[code];
+                 break;
+               }
+             }
 
-               walkthrough
-                   .append('svg')
-                   .attr('class', 'logo logo-walkthrough')
-                   .append('use')
-                   .attr('xlink:href', '#iD-logo-walkthrough');
+             if (!description && Object.values(entity.descriptions).length) description = Object.values(entity.descriptions)[0]; // prepare result
 
-               walkthrough
-                   .append('div')
-                   .text(_t('splash.walkthrough'));
+             var result = {
+               title: entity.id,
+               description: description ? description.value : '',
+               descriptionLocaleCode: description ? description.language : '',
+               editURL: 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/' + entity.id
+             }; // add image
 
+             if (entity.claims) {
+               var imageroot = 'https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php';
+               var props = ['P154', 'P18']; // logo image, image
 
-               var helpContent = content
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'left-content');
+               var prop, image;
 
-               var body = helpContent
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'body');
+               for (i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {
+                 prop = entity.claims[props[i]];
 
-               var nav = helpContent
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'nav');
+                 if (prop && Object.keys(prop).length > 0) {
+                   image = prop[Object.keys(prop)[0]].mainsnak.datavalue.value;
 
-               clickHelp(docs[0], 0);
+                   if (image) {
+                     result.imageURL = imageroot + '?' + utilQsString({
+                       title: 'Special:Redirect/file/' + image,
+                       width: 400
+                     });
+                     break;
+                   }
+                 }
+               }
+             }
 
-           };
+             if (entity.sitelinks) {
+               var englishLocale = _mainLocalizer.languageCode().toLowerCase() === 'en'; // must be one of these that we requested..
 
-           return helpPane;
-       }
+               for (i = 0; i < langs.length; i++) {
+                 // check each, in order of preference
+                 var w = langs[i] + 'wiki';
 
-       function uiSectionValidationIssues(id, severity, context) {
+                 if (entity.sitelinks[w]) {
+                   var title = entity.sitelinks[w].title;
+                   var tKey = 'inspector.wiki_reference';
 
-           var _issues = [];
+                   if (!englishLocale && langs[i] === 'en') {
+                     // user's locale isn't English but
+                     tKey = 'inspector.wiki_en_reference'; // we are sending them to enwiki anyway..
+                   }
 
-           var section = uiSection(id, context)
-               .title(function() {
-                   if (!_issues) return '';
-                   var issueCountText = _issues.length > 1000 ? '1000+' : String(_issues.length);
-                   return _t('issues.' + severity + 's.list_title', { count: issueCountText });
-               })
-               .disclosureContent(renderDisclosureContent)
-               .shouldDisplay(function() {
-                   return _issues && _issues.length;
-               });
+                   result.wiki = {
+                     title: title,
+                     text: tKey,
+                     url: 'https://' + langs[i] + '.wikipedia.org/wiki/' + title.replace(/ /g, '_')
+                   };
+                   break;
+                 }
+               }
+             }
 
-           function getOptions() {
-               return {
-                   what: corePreferences('validate-what') || 'edited',
-                   where: corePreferences('validate-where') || 'all'
-               };
-           }
+             callback(null, result);
+           });
+         }
+       };
 
-           // get and cache the issues to display, unordered
-           function reloadIssues() {
-               _issues = context.validator().getIssuesBySeverity(getOptions())[severity];
+       var endpoint = 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?';
+       var serviceWikipedia = {
+         init: function init() {},
+         reset: function reset() {},
+         search: function search(lang, query, callback) {
+           if (!query) {
+             if (callback) callback('No Query', []);
+             return;
            }
 
-           function renderDisclosureContent(selection) {
-
-               var center = context.map().center();
-               var graph = context.graph();
-
-               // sort issues by distance away from the center of the map
-               var issues = _issues.map(function withDistance(issue) {
-                       var extent = issue.extent(graph);
-                       var dist = extent ? geoSphericalDistance(center, extent.center()) : 0;
-                       return Object.assign(issue, { dist: dist });
-                   })
-                   .sort(function byDistance(a, b) {
-                       return a.dist - b.dist;
-                   });
+           lang = lang || 'en';
+           var url = endpoint.replace('en', lang) + utilQsString({
+             action: 'query',
+             list: 'search',
+             srlimit: '10',
+             srinfo: 'suggestion',
+             format: 'json',
+             origin: '*',
+             srsearch: query
+           });
+           d3_json(url).then(function (result) {
+             if (result && result.error) {
+               throw new Error(result.error);
+             } else if (!result || !result.query || !result.query.search) {
+               throw new Error('No Results');
+             }
 
-               // cut off at 1000
-               issues = issues.slice(0, 1000);
+             if (callback) {
+               var titles = result.query.search.map(function (d) {
+                 return d.title;
+               });
+               callback(null, titles);
+             }
+           })["catch"](function (err) {
+             if (callback) callback(err, []);
+           });
+         },
+         suggestions: function suggestions(lang, query, callback) {
+           if (!query) {
+             if (callback) callback('', []);
+             return;
+           }
 
-               //renderIgnoredIssuesReset(_warningsSelection);
+           lang = lang || 'en';
+           var url = endpoint.replace('en', lang) + utilQsString({
+             action: 'opensearch',
+             namespace: 0,
+             suggest: '',
+             format: 'json',
+             origin: '*',
+             search: query
+           });
+           d3_json(url).then(function (result) {
+             if (result && result.error) {
+               throw new Error(result.error);
+             } else if (!result || result.length < 2) {
+               throw new Error('No Results');
+             }
 
-               selection
-                   .call(drawIssuesList, issues);
+             if (callback) callback(null, result[1] || []);
+           })["catch"](function (err) {
+             if (callback) callback(err.message, []);
+           });
+         },
+         translations: function translations(lang, title, callback) {
+           if (!title) {
+             if (callback) callback('No Title');
+             return;
            }
 
-           function drawIssuesList(selection, issues) {
-               var list = selection.selectAll('.issues-list')
-                   .data([0]);
-
-               list = list.enter()
-                   .append('ul')
-                   .attr('class', 'layer-list issues-list ' + severity + 's-list')
-                   .merge(list);
+           var url = endpoint.replace('en', lang) + utilQsString({
+             action: 'query',
+             prop: 'langlinks',
+             format: 'json',
+             origin: '*',
+             lllimit: 500,
+             titles: title
+           });
+           d3_json(url).then(function (result) {
+             if (result && result.error) {
+               throw new Error(result.error);
+             } else if (!result || !result.query || !result.query.pages) {
+               throw new Error('No Results');
+             }
 
+             if (callback) {
+               var list = result.query.pages[Object.keys(result.query.pages)[0]];
+               var translations = {};
 
-               var items = list.selectAll('li')
-                   .data(issues, function(d) { return d.id; });
+               if (list && list.langlinks) {
+                 list.langlinks.forEach(function (d) {
+                   translations[d.lang] = d['*'];
+                 });
+               }
 
-               // Exit
-               items.exit()
-                   .remove();
+               callback(null, translations);
+             }
+           })["catch"](function (err) {
+             if (callback) callback(err.message);
+           });
+         }
+       };
 
-               // Enter
-               var itemsEnter = items.enter()
-                   .append('li')
-                   .attr('class', function (d) { return 'issue severity-' + d.severity; })
-                   .on('click', function(d) {
-                       context.validator().focusIssue(d);
-                   })
-                   .on('mouseover', function(d) {
-                       utilHighlightEntities(d.entityIds, true, context);
-                   })
-                   .on('mouseout', function(d) {
-                       utilHighlightEntities(d.entityIds, false, context);
-                   });
+       var services = {
+         geocoder: serviceNominatim,
+         keepRight: serviceKeepRight,
+         improveOSM: serviceImproveOSM,
+         osmose: serviceOsmose,
+         mapillary: serviceMapillary,
+         nsi: serviceNsi,
+         openstreetcam: serviceOpenstreetcam,
+         osm: serviceOsm,
+         osmWikibase: serviceOsmWikibase,
+         maprules: serviceMapRules,
+         streetside: serviceStreetside,
+         taginfo: serviceTaginfo,
+         vectorTile: serviceVectorTile,
+         wikidata: serviceWikidata,
+         wikipedia: serviceWikipedia
+       };
 
+       function modeDragNote(context) {
+         var mode = {
+           id: 'drag-note',
+           button: 'browse'
+         };
+         var edit = behaviorEdit(context);
 
-               var labelsEnter = itemsEnter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'issue-label');
-
-               var textEnter = labelsEnter
-                   .append('span')
-                   .attr('class', 'issue-text');
-
-               textEnter
-                   .append('span')
-                   .attr('class', 'issue-icon')
-                   .each(function(d) {
-                       var iconName = '#iD-icon-' + (d.severity === 'warning' ? 'alert' : 'error');
-                       select(this)
-                           .call(svgIcon(iconName));
-                   });
+         var _nudgeInterval;
 
-               textEnter
-                   .append('span')
-                   .attr('class', 'issue-message');
+         var _lastLoc;
 
-               /*
-               labelsEnter
-                   .append('span')
-                   .attr('class', 'issue-autofix')
-                   .each(function(d) {
-                       if (!d.autoFix) return;
-
-                       d3_select(this)
-                           .append('button')
-                           .attr('title', t('issues.fix_one.title'))
-                           .datum(d.autoFix)  // set button datum to the autofix
-                           .attr('class', 'autofix action')
-                           .on('click', function(d) {
-                               d3_event.preventDefault();
-                               d3_event.stopPropagation();
-
-                               var issuesEntityIDs = d.issue.entityIds;
-                               utilHighlightEntities(issuesEntityIDs.concat(d.entityIds), false, context);
-
-                               context.perform.apply(context, d.autoArgs);
-                               context.validator().validate();
-                           })
-                           .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-wrench'));
-                   });
-               */
+         var _note; // most current note.. dragged note may have stale datum.
 
-               // Update
-               items = items
-                   .merge(itemsEnter)
-                   .order();
 
-               items.selectAll('.issue-message')
-                   .text(function(d) {
-                       return d.message(context);
-                   });
+         function startNudge(d3_event, nudge) {
+           if (_nudgeInterval) window.clearInterval(_nudgeInterval);
+           _nudgeInterval = window.setInterval(function () {
+             context.map().pan(nudge);
+             doMove(d3_event, nudge);
+           }, 50);
+         }
 
-               /*
-               // autofix
-               var canAutoFix = issues.filter(function(issue) { return issue.autoFix; });
-
-               var autoFixAll = selection.selectAll('.autofix-all')
-                   .data(canAutoFix.length ? [0] : []);
-
-               // exit
-               autoFixAll.exit()
-                   .remove();
-
-               // enter
-               var autoFixAllEnter = autoFixAll.enter()
-                   .insert('div', '.issues-list')
-                   .attr('class', 'autofix-all');
-
-               var linkEnter = autoFixAllEnter
-                   .append('a')
-                   .attr('class', 'autofix-all-link')
-                   .attr('href', '#');
-
-               linkEnter
-                   .append('span')
-                   .attr('class', 'autofix-all-link-text')
-                   .text(t('issues.fix_all.title'));
-
-               linkEnter
-                   .append('span')
-                   .attr('class', 'autofix-all-link-icon')
-                   .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-wrench'));
-
-               if (severity === 'warning') {
-                   renderIgnoredIssuesReset(selection);
-               }
-
-               // update
-               autoFixAll = autoFixAll
-                   .merge(autoFixAllEnter);
-
-               autoFixAll.selectAll('.autofix-all-link')
-                   .on('click', function() {
-                       context.pauseChangeDispatch();
-                       context.perform(actionNoop());
-                       canAutoFix.forEach(function(issue) {
-                           var args = issue.autoFix.autoArgs.slice();  // copy
-                           if (typeof args[args.length - 1] !== 'function') {
-                               args.pop();
-                           }
-                           args.push(t('issues.fix_all.annotation'));
-                           context.replace.apply(context, args);
-                       });
-                       context.resumeChangeDispatch();
-                       context.validator().validate();
-                   });
-               */
+         function stopNudge() {
+           if (_nudgeInterval) {
+             window.clearInterval(_nudgeInterval);
+             _nudgeInterval = null;
            }
+         }
 
-           context.validator().on('validated.uiSectionValidationIssues' + id, function() {
-               window.requestIdleCallback(function() {
-                   reloadIssues();
-                   section.reRender();
-               });
-           });
+         function origin(note) {
+           return context.projection(note.loc);
+         }
 
-           context.map().on('move.uiSectionValidationIssues' + id,
-               debounce(function() {
-                   window.requestIdleCallback(function() {
-                       if (getOptions().where === 'visible') {
-                           // must refetch issues if they are viewport-dependent
-                           reloadIssues();
-                       }
-                       // always reload list to re-sort-by-distance
-                       section.reRender();
-                   });
-               }, 1000)
-           );
+         function start(d3_event, note) {
+           _note = note;
+           var osm = services.osm;
 
-           return section;
-       }
+           if (osm) {
+             // Get latest note from cache.. The marker may have a stale datum bound to it
+             // and dragging it around can sometimes delete the users note comment.
+             _note = osm.getNote(_note.id);
+           }
 
-       function uiSectionValidationOptions(context) {
+           context.surface().selectAll('.note-' + _note.id).classed('active', true);
+           context.perform(actionNoop());
+           context.enter(mode);
+           context.selectedNoteID(_note.id);
+         }
 
-           var section = uiSection('issues-options', context)
-               .content(renderContent);
+         function move(d3_event, entity, point) {
+           d3_event.stopPropagation();
+           _lastLoc = context.projection.invert(point);
+           doMove(d3_event);
+           var nudge = geoViewportEdge(point, context.map().dimensions());
+
+           if (nudge) {
+             startNudge(d3_event, nudge);
+           } else {
+             stopNudge();
+           }
+         }
 
-           function renderContent(selection) {
+         function doMove(d3_event, nudge) {
+           nudge = nudge || [0, 0];
+           var currPoint = d3_event && d3_event.point || context.projection(_lastLoc);
+           var currMouse = geoVecSubtract(currPoint, nudge);
+           var loc = context.projection.invert(currMouse);
+           _note = _note.move(loc);
+           var osm = services.osm;
 
-               var container = selection.selectAll('.issues-options-container')
-                   .data([0]);
+           if (osm) {
+             osm.replaceNote(_note); // update note cache
+           }
 
-               container = container.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'issues-options-container')
-                   .merge(container);
+           context.replace(actionNoop()); // trigger redraw
+         }
 
-               var data = [
-                   { key: 'what', values: ['edited', 'all'] },
-                   { key: 'where', values: ['visible', 'all'] }
-               ];
+         function end() {
+           context.replace(actionNoop()); // trigger redraw
 
-               var options = container.selectAll('.issues-option')
-                   .data(data, function(d) { return d.key; });
+           context.selectedNoteID(_note.id).enter(modeSelectNote(context, _note.id));
+         }
 
-               var optionsEnter = options.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', function(d) { return 'issues-option issues-option-' + d.key; });
+         var drag = behaviorDrag().selector('.layer-touch.markers .target.note.new').surface(context.container().select('.main-map').node()).origin(origin).on('start', start).on('move', move).on('end', end);
 
-               optionsEnter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'issues-option-title')
-                   .text(function(d) { return _t('issues.options.' + d.key + '.title'); });
+         mode.enter = function () {
+           context.install(edit);
+         };
 
-               var valuesEnter = optionsEnter.selectAll('label')
-                   .data(function(d) {
-                       return d.values.map(function(val) { return { value: val, key: d.key }; });
-                   })
-                   .enter()
-                   .append('label');
+         mode.exit = function () {
+           context.ui().sidebar.hover.cancel();
+           context.uninstall(edit);
+           context.surface().selectAll('.active').classed('active', false);
+           stopNudge();
+         };
 
-               valuesEnter
-                   .append('input')
-                   .attr('type', 'radio')
-                   .attr('name', function(d) { return 'issues-option-' + d.key; })
-                   .attr('value', function(d) { return d.value; })
-                   .property('checked', function(d) { return getOptions()[d.key] === d.value; })
-                   .on('change', function(d) { updateOptionValue(d.key, d.value); });
+         mode.behavior = drag;
+         return mode;
+       }
 
-               valuesEnter
-                   .append('span')
-                   .text(function(d) { return _t('issues.options.' + d.key + '.' + d.value); });
-           }
+       function modeSelectData(context, selectedDatum) {
+         var mode = {
+           id: 'select-data',
+           button: 'browse'
+         };
+         var keybinding = utilKeybinding('select-data');
+         var dataEditor = uiDataEditor(context);
+         var behaviors = [behaviorBreathe(), behaviorHover(context), behaviorSelect(context), behaviorLasso(context), modeDragNode(context).behavior, modeDragNote(context).behavior]; // class the data as selected, or return to browse mode if the data is gone
 
-           function getOptions() {
-               return {
-                   what: corePreferences('validate-what') || 'edited',  // 'all', 'edited'
-                   where: corePreferences('validate-where') || 'all'    // 'all', 'visible'
-               };
-           }
+         function selectData(d3_event, drawn) {
+           var selection = context.surface().selectAll('.layer-mapdata .data' + selectedDatum.__featurehash__);
 
-           function updateOptionValue(d, val) {
-               if (!val && event && event.target) {
-                   val = event.target.value;
-               }
+           if (selection.empty()) {
+             // Return to browse mode if selected DOM elements have
+             // disappeared because the user moved them out of view..
+             var source = d3_event && d3_event.type === 'zoom' && d3_event.sourceEvent;
 
-               corePreferences('validate-' + d, val);
-               context.validator().validate();
+             if (drawn && source && (source.type === 'pointermove' || source.type === 'mousemove' || source.type === 'touchmove')) {
+               context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+             }
+           } else {
+             selection.classed('selected', true);
            }
+         }
 
-           return section;
-       }
-
-       function uiSectionValidationRules(context) {
+         function esc() {
+           if (context.container().select('.combobox').size()) return;
+           context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+         }
 
-           var MINSQUARE = 0;
-           var MAXSQUARE = 20;
-           var DEFAULTSQUARE = 5;  // see also unsquare_way.js
+         mode.zoomToSelected = function () {
+           var extent = geoExtent(d3_geoBounds(selectedDatum));
+           context.map().centerZoomEase(extent.center(), context.map().trimmedExtentZoom(extent));
+         };
 
-           var section = uiSection('issues-rules', context)
-               .disclosureContent(renderDisclosureContent)
-               .title(_t('issues.rules.title'));
+         mode.enter = function () {
+           behaviors.forEach(context.install);
+           keybinding.on(_t('inspector.zoom_to.key'), mode.zoomToSelected).on('⎋', esc, true);
+           select(document).call(keybinding);
+           selectData();
+           var sidebar = context.ui().sidebar;
+           sidebar.show(dataEditor.datum(selectedDatum)); // expand the sidebar, avoid obscuring the data if needed
 
-           var _ruleKeys = context.validator().getRuleKeys()
-               .filter(function(key) { return key !== 'maprules'; })
-               .sort(function(key1, key2) {
-                   // alphabetize by localized title
-                   return _t('issues.' + key1 + '.title') < _t('issues.' + key2 + '.title') ? -1 : 1;
-               });
+           var extent = geoExtent(d3_geoBounds(selectedDatum));
+           sidebar.expand(sidebar.intersects(extent));
+           context.map().on('drawn.select-data', selectData);
+         };
 
-           function renderDisclosureContent(selection) {
-               var container = selection.selectAll('.issues-rulelist-container')
-                   .data([0]);
+         mode.exit = function () {
+           behaviors.forEach(context.uninstall);
+           select(document).call(keybinding.unbind);
+           context.surface().selectAll('.layer-mapdata .selected').classed('selected hover', false);
+           context.map().on('drawn.select-data', null);
+           context.ui().sidebar.hide();
+         };
 
-               var containerEnter = container.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'issues-rulelist-container');
+         return mode;
+       }
 
-               containerEnter
-                   .append('ul')
-                   .attr('class', 'layer-list issue-rules-list');
+       function behaviorSelect(context) {
+         var _tolerancePx = 4; // see also behaviorDrag
 
-               var ruleLinks = containerEnter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'issue-rules-links section-footer');
-
-               ruleLinks
-                   .append('a')
-                   .attr('class', 'issue-rules-link')
-                   .attr('href', '#')
-                   .text(_t('issues.enable_all'))
-                   .on('click', function() {
-                       context.validator().disableRules([]);
-                   });
+         var _lastMouseEvent = null;
+         var _showMenu = false;
+         var _downPointers = {};
+         var _longPressTimeout = null;
+         var _lastInteractionType = null; // the id of the down pointer that's enabling multiselection while down
 
-               ruleLinks
-                   .append('a')
-                   .attr('class', 'issue-rules-link')
-                   .attr('href', '#')
-                   .text(_t('issues.disable_all'))
-                   .on('click', function() {
-                       context.validator().disableRules(_ruleKeys);
-                   });
+         var _multiselectionPointerId = null; // use pointer events on supported platforms; fallback to mouse events
 
+         var _pointerPrefix = 'PointerEvent' in window ? 'pointer' : 'mouse';
 
-               // Update
-               container = container
-                   .merge(containerEnter);
+         function keydown(d3_event) {
+           if (d3_event.keyCode === 32) {
+             // don't react to spacebar events during text input
+             var activeNode = document.activeElement;
+             if (activeNode && new Set(['INPUT', 'TEXTAREA']).has(activeNode.nodeName)) return;
+           }
 
-               container.selectAll('.issue-rules-list')
-                   .call(drawListItems, _ruleKeys, 'checkbox', 'rule', toggleRule, isRuleEnabled);
+           if (d3_event.keyCode === 93 || // context menu key
+           d3_event.keyCode === 32) {
+             // spacebar
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
            }
 
-           function drawListItems(selection, data, type, name, change, active) {
-               var items = selection.selectAll('li')
-                   .data(data);
+           if (d3_event.repeat) return; // ignore repeated events for held keys
+           // if any key is pressed the user is probably doing something other than long-pressing
 
-               // Exit
-               items.exit()
-                   .remove();
+           cancelLongPress();
 
-               // Enter
-               var enter = items.enter()
-                   .append('li');
+           if (d3_event.shiftKey) {
+             context.surface().classed('behavior-multiselect', true);
+           }
 
-               if (name === 'rule') {
-                   enter
-                       .call(uiTooltip()
-                           .title(function(d) { return _t('issues.' + d + '.tip'); })
-                           .placement('top')
-                       );
-               }
+           if (d3_event.keyCode === 32) {
+             // spacebar
+             if (!_downPointers.spacebar && _lastMouseEvent) {
+               cancelLongPress();
+               _longPressTimeout = window.setTimeout(didLongPress, 500, 'spacebar', 'spacebar');
+               _downPointers.spacebar = {
+                 firstEvent: _lastMouseEvent,
+                 lastEvent: _lastMouseEvent
+               };
+             }
+           }
+         }
 
-               var label = enter
-                   .append('label');
+         function keyup(d3_event) {
+           cancelLongPress();
 
-               label
-                   .append('input')
-                   .attr('type', type)
-                   .attr('name', name)
-                   .on('change', change);
+           if (!d3_event.shiftKey) {
+             context.surface().classed('behavior-multiselect', false);
+           }
 
-               label
-                   .append('span')
-                   .html(function(d) {
-                       var params = {};
-                       if (d === 'unsquare_way') {
-                           params.val = '<span class="square-degrees"></span>';
-                       }
-                       return _t('issues.' + d + '.title', params);
-                   });
+           if (d3_event.keyCode === 93) {
+             // context menu key
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             _lastInteractionType = 'menukey';
+             contextmenu(d3_event);
+           } else if (d3_event.keyCode === 32) {
+             // spacebar
+             var pointer = _downPointers.spacebar;
 
-               // Update
-               items = items
-                   .merge(enter);
-
-               items
-                   .classed('active', active)
-                   .selectAll('input')
-                   .property('checked', active)
-                   .property('indeterminate', false);
-
-
-               // user-configurable square threshold
-               var degStr = corePreferences('validate-square-degrees');
-               if (degStr === null) {
-                   degStr = '' + DEFAULTSQUARE;
-               }
-
-               var span = items.selectAll('.square-degrees');
-               var input = span.selectAll('.square-degrees-input')
-                   .data([0]);
-
-               // enter / update
-               input.enter()
-                   .append('input')
-                   .attr('type', 'number')
-                   .attr('min', '' + MINSQUARE)
-                   .attr('max', '' + MAXSQUARE)
-                   .attr('step', '0.5')
-                   .attr('class', 'square-degrees-input')
-                   .call(utilNoAuto)
-                   .on('click', function () {
-                       event.preventDefault();
-                       event.stopPropagation();
-                       this.select();
-                   })
-                   .on('keyup', function () {
-                       if (event.keyCode === 13) { // enter
-                           this.blur();
-                           this.select();
-                       }
-                   })
-                   .on('blur', changeSquare)
-                   .merge(input)
-                   .property('value', degStr);
+             if (pointer) {
+               delete _downPointers.spacebar;
+               if (pointer.done) return;
+               d3_event.preventDefault();
+               _lastInteractionType = 'spacebar';
+               click(pointer.firstEvent, pointer.lastEvent, 'spacebar');
+             }
            }
+         }
 
-           function changeSquare() {
-               var input = select(this);
-               var degStr = utilGetSetValue(input).trim();
-               var degNum = parseFloat(degStr, 10);
+         function pointerdown(d3_event) {
+           var id = (d3_event.pointerId || 'mouse').toString();
+           cancelLongPress();
+           if (d3_event.buttons && d3_event.buttons !== 1) return;
+           context.ui().closeEditMenu();
+           _longPressTimeout = window.setTimeout(didLongPress, 500, id, 'longdown-' + (d3_event.pointerType || 'mouse'));
+           _downPointers[id] = {
+             firstEvent: d3_event,
+             lastEvent: d3_event
+           };
+         }
 
-               if (!isFinite(degNum)) {
-                   degNum = DEFAULTSQUARE;
-               } else if (degNum > MAXSQUARE) {
-                   degNum = MAXSQUARE;
-               } else if (degNum < MINSQUARE) {
-                   degNum = MINSQUARE;
-               }
+         function didLongPress(id, interactionType) {
+           var pointer = _downPointers[id];
+           if (!pointer) return;
 
-               degNum = Math.round(degNum * 10 ) / 10;   // round to 1 decimal
-               degStr = '' + degNum;
+           for (var i in _downPointers) {
+             // don't allow this or any currently down pointer to trigger another click
+             _downPointers[i].done = true;
+           } // treat long presses like right-clicks
 
-               input
-                   .property('value', degStr);
 
-               corePreferences('validate-square-degrees', degStr);
-               context.validator().reloadUnsquareIssues();
-           }
+           _longPressTimeout = null;
+           _lastInteractionType = interactionType;
+           _showMenu = true;
+           click(pointer.firstEvent, pointer.lastEvent, id);
+         }
 
-           function isRuleEnabled(d) {
-               return context.validator().isRuleEnabled(d);
-           }
+         function pointermove(d3_event) {
+           var id = (d3_event.pointerId || 'mouse').toString();
 
-           function toggleRule(d) {
-               context.validator().toggleRule(d);
+           if (_downPointers[id]) {
+             _downPointers[id].lastEvent = d3_event;
            }
 
-           context.validator().on('validated.uiSectionValidationRules', function() {
-               window.requestIdleCallback(section.reRender);
-           });
-
-           return section;
-       }
+           if (!d3_event.pointerType || d3_event.pointerType === 'mouse') {
+             _lastMouseEvent = d3_event;
 
-       function uiSectionValidationStatus(context) {
+             if (_downPointers.spacebar) {
+               _downPointers.spacebar.lastEvent = d3_event;
+             }
+           }
+         }
 
-           var section = uiSection('issues-status', context)
-               .content(renderContent)
-               .shouldDisplay(function() {
-                   var issues = context.validator().getIssues(getOptions());
-                   return issues.length === 0;
-               });
+         function pointerup(d3_event) {
+           var id = (d3_event.pointerId || 'mouse').toString();
+           var pointer = _downPointers[id];
+           if (!pointer) return;
+           delete _downPointers[id];
 
-           function getOptions() {
-               return {
-                   what: corePreferences('validate-what') || 'edited',
-                   where: corePreferences('validate-where') || 'all'
-               };
+           if (_multiselectionPointerId === id) {
+             _multiselectionPointerId = null;
            }
 
-           function renderContent(selection) {
+           if (pointer.done) return;
+           click(pointer.firstEvent, d3_event, id);
+         }
 
-               var box = selection.selectAll('.box')
-                   .data([0]);
+         function pointercancel(d3_event) {
+           var id = (d3_event.pointerId || 'mouse').toString();
+           if (!_downPointers[id]) return;
+           delete _downPointers[id];
 
-               var boxEnter = box.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'box');
+           if (_multiselectionPointerId === id) {
+             _multiselectionPointerId = null;
+           }
+         }
 
-               boxEnter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-apply', 'pre-text'));
+         function contextmenu(d3_event) {
+           d3_event.preventDefault();
 
-               var noIssuesMessage = boxEnter
-                   .append('span');
+           if (!+d3_event.clientX && !+d3_event.clientY) {
+             if (_lastMouseEvent) {
+               d3_event.sourceEvent = _lastMouseEvent;
+             } else {
+               return;
+             }
+           } else {
+             _lastMouseEvent = d3_event;
+             _lastInteractionType = 'rightclick';
+           }
 
-               noIssuesMessage
-                   .append('strong')
-                   .attr('class', 'message');
+           _showMenu = true;
+           click(d3_event, d3_event);
+         }
 
-               noIssuesMessage
-                   .append('br');
+         function click(firstEvent, lastEvent, pointerId) {
+           cancelLongPress();
+           var mapNode = context.container().select('.main-map').node(); // Use the `main-map` coordinate system since the surface and supersurface
+           // are transformed when drag-panning.
 
-               noIssuesMessage
-                   .append('span')
-                   .attr('class', 'details');
+           var pointGetter = utilFastMouse(mapNode);
+           var p1 = pointGetter(firstEvent);
+           var p2 = pointGetter(lastEvent);
+           var dist = geoVecLength(p1, p2);
 
-               renderIgnoredIssuesReset(selection);
-               setNoIssuesText(selection);
+           if (dist > _tolerancePx || !mapContains(lastEvent)) {
+             resetProperties();
+             return;
            }
 
-           function renderIgnoredIssuesReset(selection) {
-
-               var ignoredIssues = context.validator()
-                   .getIssues({ what: 'all', where: 'all', includeDisabledRules: true, includeIgnored: 'only' });
+           var targetDatum = lastEvent.target.__data__;
+           var multiselectEntityId;
 
-               var resetIgnored = selection.selectAll('.reset-ignored')
-                   .data(ignoredIssues.length ? [0] : []);
+           if (!_multiselectionPointerId) {
+             // If a different pointer than the one triggering this click is down on a
+             // feature, treat this and all future clicks as multiselection until that
+             // pointer is raised.
+             var selectPointerInfo = pointerDownOnSelection(pointerId);
 
-               // exit
-               resetIgnored.exit()
-                   .remove();
+             if (selectPointerInfo) {
+               _multiselectionPointerId = selectPointerInfo.pointerId; // if the other feature isn't selected yet, make sure we select it
 
-               // enter
-               var resetIgnoredEnter = resetIgnored.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'reset-ignored section-footer');
+               multiselectEntityId = !selectPointerInfo.selected && selectPointerInfo.entityId;
+               _downPointers[selectPointerInfo.pointerId].done = true;
+             }
+           } // support multiselect if data is already selected
 
-               resetIgnoredEnter
-                   .append('a')
-                   .attr('href', '#');
 
-               // update
-               resetIgnored = resetIgnored
-                   .merge(resetIgnoredEnter);
+           var isMultiselect = context.mode().id === 'select' && ( // and shift key is down
+           lastEvent && lastEvent.shiftKey || // or we're lasso-selecting
+           context.surface().select('.lasso').node() || // or a pointer is down over a selected feature
+           _multiselectionPointerId && !multiselectEntityId);
 
-               resetIgnored.select('a')
-                   .text(_t('issues.reset_ignored', { count: ignoredIssues.length.toString() }));
+           processClick(targetDatum, isMultiselect, p2, multiselectEntityId);
 
-               resetIgnored.on('click', function() {
-                   context.validator().resetIgnoredIssues();
-               });
+           function mapContains(event) {
+             var rect = mapNode.getBoundingClientRect();
+             return event.clientX >= rect.left && event.clientX <= rect.right && event.clientY >= rect.top && event.clientY <= rect.bottom;
            }
 
-           function setNoIssuesText(selection) {
+           function pointerDownOnSelection(skipPointerId) {
+             var mode = context.mode();
+             var selectedIDs = mode.id === 'select' ? mode.selectedIDs() : [];
 
-               var opts = getOptions();
+             for (var pointerId in _downPointers) {
+               if (pointerId === 'spacebar' || pointerId === skipPointerId) continue;
+               var pointerInfo = _downPointers[pointerId];
+               var p1 = pointGetter(pointerInfo.firstEvent);
+               var p2 = pointGetter(pointerInfo.lastEvent);
+               if (geoVecLength(p1, p2) > _tolerancePx) continue;
+               var datum = pointerInfo.firstEvent.target.__data__;
+               var entity = datum && datum.properties && datum.properties.entity || datum;
 
-               function checkForHiddenIssues(cases) {
-                   for (var type in cases) {
-                       var hiddenOpts = cases[type];
-                       var hiddenIssues = context.validator().getIssues(hiddenOpts);
-                       if (hiddenIssues.length) {
-                           selection.select('.box .details')
-                               .text(_t(
-                                   'issues.no_issues.hidden_issues.' + type,
-                                   { count: hiddenIssues.length.toString() }
-                               ));
-                           return;
-                       }
-                   }
-                   selection.select('.box .details')
-                       .text(_t('issues.no_issues.hidden_issues.none'));
+               if (context.graph().hasEntity(entity.id)) {
+                 return {
+                   pointerId: pointerId,
+                   entityId: entity.id,
+                   selected: selectedIDs.indexOf(entity.id) !== -1
+                 };
                }
+             }
 
-               var messageType;
+             return null;
+           }
+         }
 
-               if (opts.what === 'edited' && opts.where === 'visible') {
+         function processClick(datum, isMultiselect, point, alsoSelectId) {
+           var mode = context.mode();
+           var showMenu = _showMenu;
+           var interactionType = _lastInteractionType;
+           var entity = datum && datum.properties && datum.properties.entity;
+           if (entity) datum = entity;
 
-                   messageType = 'edits_in_view';
+           if (datum && datum.type === 'midpoint') {
+             // treat targeting midpoints as if targeting the parent way
+             datum = datum.parents[0];
+           }
 
-                   checkForHiddenIssues({
-                       elsewhere: { what: 'edited', where: 'all' },
-                       everything_else: { what: 'all', where: 'visible' },
-                       disabled_rules: { what: 'edited', where: 'visible', includeDisabledRules: 'only' },
-                       everything_else_elsewhere: { what: 'all', where: 'all' },
-                       disabled_rules_elsewhere: { what: 'edited', where: 'all', includeDisabledRules: 'only' },
-                       ignored_issues: { what: 'edited', where: 'visible', includeIgnored: 'only' },
-                       ignored_issues_elsewhere: { what: 'edited', where: 'all', includeIgnored: 'only' }
-                   });
+           var newMode;
 
-               } else if (opts.what === 'edited' && opts.where === 'all') {
+           if (datum instanceof osmEntity) {
+             // targeting an entity
+             var selectedIDs = context.selectedIDs();
+             context.selectedNoteID(null);
+             context.selectedErrorID(null);
 
-                   messageType = 'edits';
+             if (!isMultiselect) {
+               // don't change the selection if we're toggling the menu atop a multiselection
+               if (!showMenu || selectedIDs.length <= 1 || selectedIDs.indexOf(datum.id) === -1) {
+                 if (alsoSelectId === datum.id) alsoSelectId = null;
+                 selectedIDs = (alsoSelectId ? [alsoSelectId] : []).concat([datum.id]); // always enter modeSelect even if the entity is already
+                 // selected since listeners may expect `context.enter` events,
+                 // e.g. in the walkthrough
 
-                   checkForHiddenIssues({
-                       everything_else: { what: 'all', where: 'all' },
-                       disabled_rules: { what: 'edited', where: 'all', includeDisabledRules: 'only' },
-                       ignored_issues: { what: 'edited', where: 'all', includeIgnored: 'only' }
+                 newMode = mode.id === 'select' ? mode.selectedIDs(selectedIDs) : modeSelect(context, selectedIDs).selectBehavior(behavior);
+                 context.enter(newMode);
+               }
+             } else {
+               if (selectedIDs.indexOf(datum.id) !== -1) {
+                 // clicked entity is already in the selectedIDs list..
+                 if (!showMenu) {
+                   // deselect clicked entity, then reenter select mode or return to browse mode..
+                   selectedIDs = selectedIDs.filter(function (id) {
+                     return id !== datum.id;
                    });
+                   newMode = selectedIDs.length ? mode.selectedIDs(selectedIDs) : modeBrowse(context).selectBehavior(behavior);
+                   context.enter(newMode);
+                 }
+               } else {
+                 // clicked entity is not in the selected list, add it..
+                 selectedIDs = selectedIDs.concat([datum.id]);
+                 newMode = mode.selectedIDs(selectedIDs);
+                 context.enter(newMode);
+               }
+             }
+           } else if (datum && datum.__featurehash__ && !isMultiselect) {
+             // targeting custom data
+             context.selectedNoteID(null).enter(modeSelectData(context, datum));
+           } else if (datum instanceof osmNote && !isMultiselect) {
+             // targeting a note
+             context.selectedNoteID(datum.id).enter(modeSelectNote(context, datum.id));
+           } else if (datum instanceof QAItem & !isMultiselect) {
+             // targeting an external QA issue
+             context.selectedErrorID(datum.id).enter(modeSelectError(context, datum.id, datum.service));
+           } else {
+             // targeting nothing
+             context.selectedNoteID(null);
+             context.selectedErrorID(null);
 
-               } else if (opts.what === 'all' && opts.where === 'visible') {
-
-                   messageType = 'everything_in_view';
-
-                   checkForHiddenIssues({
-                       elsewhere: { what: 'all', where: 'all' },
-                       disabled_rules: { what: 'all', where: 'visible', includeDisabledRules: 'only' },
-                       disabled_rules_elsewhere: { what: 'all', where: 'all', includeDisabledRules: 'only' },
-                       ignored_issues: { what: 'all', where: 'visible', includeIgnored: 'only' },
-                       ignored_issues_elsewhere: { what: 'all', where: 'all', includeIgnored: 'only' }
-                   });
-               } else if (opts.what === 'all' && opts.where === 'all') {
+             if (!isMultiselect && mode.id !== 'browse') {
+               context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+             }
+           }
 
-                   messageType = 'everything';
+           context.ui().closeEditMenu(); // always request to show the edit menu in case the mode needs it
 
-                   checkForHiddenIssues({
-                       disabled_rules: { what: 'all', where: 'all', includeDisabledRules: 'only' },
-                       ignored_issues: { what: 'all', where: 'all', includeIgnored: 'only' }
-                   });
-               }
+           if (showMenu) context.ui().showEditMenu(point, interactionType);
+           resetProperties();
+         }
 
-               if (opts.what === 'edited' && context.history().difference().summary().length === 0) {
-                   messageType = 'no_edits';
-               }
+         function cancelLongPress() {
+           if (_longPressTimeout) window.clearTimeout(_longPressTimeout);
+           _longPressTimeout = null;
+         }
 
-               selection.select('.box .message')
-                   .text(_t('issues.no_issues.message.' + messageType));
+         function resetProperties() {
+           cancelLongPress();
+           _showMenu = false;
+           _lastInteractionType = null; // don't reset _lastMouseEvent since it might still be useful
+         }
 
-           }
+         function behavior(selection) {
+           resetProperties();
+           _lastMouseEvent = context.map().lastPointerEvent();
+           select(window).on('keydown.select', keydown).on('keyup.select', keyup).on(_pointerPrefix + 'move.select', pointermove, true).on(_pointerPrefix + 'up.select', pointerup, true).on('pointercancel.select', pointercancel, true).on('contextmenu.select-window', function (d3_event) {
+             // Edge and IE really like to show the contextmenu on the
+             // menubar when user presses a keyboard menu button
+             // even after we've already preventdefaulted the key event.
+             var e = d3_event;
 
-           context.validator().on('validated.uiSectionValidationStatus', function() {
-               window.requestIdleCallback(section.reRender);
+             if (+e.clientX === 0 && +e.clientY === 0) {
+               d3_event.preventDefault();
+             }
            });
+           selection.on(_pointerPrefix + 'down.select', pointerdown).on('contextmenu.select', contextmenu);
+           /*if (d3_event && d3_event.shiftKey) {
+               context.surface()
+                   .classed('behavior-multiselect', true);
+           }*/
+         }
 
-           context.map().on('move.uiSectionValidationStatus',
-               debounce(function() {
-                   window.requestIdleCallback(section.reRender);
-               }, 1000)
-           );
+         behavior.off = function (selection) {
+           cancelLongPress();
+           select(window).on('keydown.select', null).on('keyup.select', null).on('contextmenu.select-window', null).on(_pointerPrefix + 'move.select', null, true).on(_pointerPrefix + 'up.select', null, true).on('pointercancel.select', null, true);
+           selection.on(_pointerPrefix + 'down.select', null).on('contextmenu.select', null);
+           context.surface().classed('behavior-multiselect', false);
+         };
 
-           return section;
+         return behavior;
        }
 
-       function uiPaneIssues(context) {
-
-           var issuesPane = uiPane('issues', context)
-               .key(_t('issues.key'))
-               .title(_t('issues.title'))
-               .description(_t('issues.title'))
-               .iconName('iD-icon-alert')
-               .sections([
-                   uiSectionValidationOptions(context),
-                   uiSectionValidationStatus(context),
-                   uiSectionValidationIssues('issues-errors', 'error', context),
-                   uiSectionValidationIssues('issues-warnings', 'warning', context),
-                   uiSectionValidationRules(context)
-               ]);
+       function operationContinue(context, selectedIDs) {
+         var _entities = selectedIDs.map(function (id) {
+           return context.graph().entity(id);
+         });
 
-           return issuesPane;
-       }
+         var _geometries = Object.assign({
+           line: [],
+           vertex: []
+         }, utilArrayGroupBy(_entities, function (entity) {
+           return entity.geometry(context.graph());
+         }));
 
-       function uiSettingsCustomData(context) {
-           var dispatch$1 = dispatch('change');
+         var _vertex = _geometries.vertex.length && _geometries.vertex[0];
 
-           function render(selection) {
-               var dataLayer = context.layers().layer('data');
+         function candidateWays() {
+           return _vertex ? context.graph().parentWays(_vertex).filter(function (parent) {
+             return parent.geometry(context.graph()) === 'line' && !parent.isClosed() && parent.affix(_vertex.id) && (_geometries.line.length === 0 || _geometries.line[0] === parent);
+           }) : [];
+         }
 
-               // keep separate copies of original and current settings
-               var _origSettings = {
-                   fileList: (dataLayer && dataLayer.fileList()) || null,
-                   url: corePreferences('settings-custom-data-url')
-               };
-               var _currSettings = {
-                   fileList: (dataLayer && dataLayer.fileList()) || null,
-                   url: corePreferences('settings-custom-data-url')
-               };
+         var _candidates = candidateWays();
 
-               // var example = 'https://{switch:a,b,c}.tile.openstreetmap.org/{zoom}/{x}/{y}.png';
-               var modal = uiConfirm(selection).okButton();
+         var operation = function operation() {
+           var candidate = _candidates[0];
+           context.enter(modeDrawLine(context, candidate.id, context.graph(), 'line', candidate.affix(_vertex.id), true));
+         };
 
-               modal
-                   .classed('settings-modal settings-custom-data', true);
+         operation.relatedEntityIds = function () {
+           return _candidates.length ? [_candidates[0].id] : [];
+         };
 
-               modal.select('.modal-section.header')
-                   .append('h3')
-                   .text(_t('settings.custom_data.header'));
+         operation.available = function () {
+           return _geometries.vertex.length === 1 && _geometries.line.length <= 1 && !context.features().hasHiddenConnections(_vertex, context.graph());
+         };
 
+         operation.disabled = function () {
+           if (_candidates.length === 0) {
+             return 'not_eligible';
+           } else if (_candidates.length > 1) {
+             return 'multiple';
+           }
 
-               var textSection = modal.select('.modal-section.message-text');
+           return false;
+         };
 
-               textSection
-                   .append('pre')
-                   .attr('class', 'instructions-file')
-                   .text(_t('settings.custom_data.file.instructions'));
+         operation.tooltip = function () {
+           var disable = operation.disabled();
+           return disable ? _t('operations.continue.' + disable) : _t('operations.continue.description');
+         };
 
-               textSection
-                   .append('input')
-                   .attr('class', 'field-file')
-                   .attr('type', 'file')
-                   .property('files', _currSettings.fileList)  // works for all except IE11
-                   .on('change', function() {
-                       var files = event.target.files;
-                       if (files && files.length) {
-                           _currSettings.url = '';
-                           textSection.select('.field-url').property('value', '');
-                           _currSettings.fileList = files;
-                       } else {
-                           _currSettings.fileList = null;
-                       }
-                   });
+         operation.annotation = function () {
+           return _t('operations.continue.annotation.line');
+         };
 
-               textSection
-                   .append('h4')
-                   .text(_t('settings.custom_data.or'));
+         operation.id = 'continue';
+         operation.keys = [_t('operations.continue.key')];
+         operation.title = _t('operations.continue.title');
+         operation.behavior = behaviorOperation(context).which(operation);
+         return operation;
+       }
 
-               textSection
-                   .append('pre')
-                   .attr('class', 'instructions-url')
-                   .text(_t('settings.custom_data.url.instructions'));
+       function operationCopy(context, selectedIDs) {
+         function getFilteredIdsToCopy() {
+           return selectedIDs.filter(function (selectedID) {
+             var entity = context.graph().hasEntity(selectedID); // don't copy untagged vertices separately from ways
 
-               textSection
-                   .append('textarea')
-                   .attr('class', 'field-url')
-                   .attr('placeholder', _t('settings.custom_data.url.placeholder'))
-                   .call(utilNoAuto)
-                   .property('value', _currSettings.url);
+             return entity.hasInterestingTags() || entity.geometry(context.graph()) !== 'vertex';
+           });
+         }
 
+         var operation = function operation() {
+           var graph = context.graph();
+           var selected = groupEntities(getFilteredIdsToCopy(), graph);
+           var canCopy = [];
+           var skip = {};
+           var entity;
+           var i;
 
-               // insert a cancel button
-               var buttonSection = modal.select('.modal-section.buttons');
+           for (i = 0; i < selected.relation.length; i++) {
+             entity = selected.relation[i];
 
-               buttonSection
-                   .insert('button', '.ok-button')
-                   .attr('class', 'button cancel-button secondary-action')
-                   .text(_t('confirm.cancel'));
+             if (!skip[entity.id] && entity.isComplete(graph)) {
+               canCopy.push(entity.id);
+               skip = getDescendants(entity.id, graph, skip);
+             }
+           }
 
+           for (i = 0; i < selected.way.length; i++) {
+             entity = selected.way[i];
 
-               buttonSection.select('.cancel-button')
-                   .on('click.cancel', clickCancel);
+             if (!skip[entity.id]) {
+               canCopy.push(entity.id);
+               skip = getDescendants(entity.id, graph, skip);
+             }
+           }
 
-               buttonSection.select('.ok-button')
-                   .attr('disabled', isSaveDisabled)
-                   .on('click.save', clickSave);
+           for (i = 0; i < selected.node.length; i++) {
+             entity = selected.node[i];
 
+             if (!skip[entity.id]) {
+               canCopy.push(entity.id);
+             }
+           }
 
-               function isSaveDisabled() {
-                   return null;
-               }
+           context.copyIDs(canCopy);
 
+           if (_point && (canCopy.length !== 1 || graph.entity(canCopy[0]).type !== 'node')) {
+             // store the anchor coordinates if copying more than a single node
+             context.copyLonLat(context.projection.invert(_point));
+           } else {
+             context.copyLonLat(null);
+           }
+         };
 
-               // restore the original url
-               function clickCancel() {
-                   textSection.select('.field-url').property('value', _origSettings.url);
-                   corePreferences('settings-custom-data-url', _origSettings.url);
-                   this.blur();
-                   modal.close();
-               }
+         function groupEntities(ids, graph) {
+           var entities = ids.map(function (id) {
+             return graph.entity(id);
+           });
+           return Object.assign({
+             relation: [],
+             way: [],
+             node: []
+           }, utilArrayGroupBy(entities, 'type'));
+         }
 
-               // accept the current url
-               function clickSave() {
-                   _currSettings.url = textSection.select('.field-url').property('value').trim();
+         function getDescendants(id, graph, descendants) {
+           var entity = graph.entity(id);
+           var children;
+           descendants = descendants || {};
 
-                   // one or the other but not both
-                   if (_currSettings.url) { _currSettings.fileList = null; }
-                   if (_currSettings.fileList) { _currSettings.url = ''; }
+           if (entity.type === 'relation') {
+             children = entity.members.map(function (m) {
+               return m.id;
+             });
+           } else if (entity.type === 'way') {
+             children = entity.nodes;
+           } else {
+             children = [];
+           }
 
-                   corePreferences('settings-custom-data-url', _currSettings.url);
-                   this.blur();
-                   modal.close();
-                   dispatch$1.call('change', this, _currSettings);
-               }
+           for (var i = 0; i < children.length; i++) {
+             if (!descendants[children[i]]) {
+               descendants[children[i]] = true;
+               descendants = getDescendants(children[i], graph, descendants);
+             }
            }
 
-           return utilRebind(render, dispatch$1, 'on');
-       }
+           return descendants;
+         }
 
-       function uiSectionDataLayers(context) {
+         operation.available = function () {
+           return getFilteredIdsToCopy().length > 0;
+         };
 
-           var settingsCustomData = uiSettingsCustomData(context)
-               .on('change', customChanged);
+         operation.disabled = function () {
+           var extent = utilTotalExtent(getFilteredIdsToCopy(), context.graph());
 
-           var layers = context.layers();
+           if (extent.percentContainedIn(context.map().extent()) < 0.8) {
+             return 'too_large';
+           }
 
-           var section = uiSection('data-layers', context)
-               .title(_t('map_data.data_layers'))
-               .disclosureContent(renderDisclosureContent);
+           return false;
+         };
 
-           function renderDisclosureContent(selection) {
-               var container = selection.selectAll('.data-layer-container')
-                   .data([0]);
+         operation.availableForKeypress = function () {
+           var selection = window.getSelection && window.getSelection(); // if the user has text selected then let them copy that, not the selected feature
 
-               container.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'data-layer-container')
-                   .merge(container)
-                   .call(drawOsmItems)
-                   .call(drawQAItems)
-                   .call(drawCustomDataItems)
-                   .call(drawVectorItems)      // Beta - Detroit mapping challenge
-                   .call(drawPanelItems);
-           }
+           return !selection || !selection.toString();
+         };
 
-           function showsLayer(which) {
-               var layer = layers.layer(which);
-               if (layer) {
-                   return layer.enabled();
-               }
-               return false;
-           }
+         operation.tooltip = function () {
+           var disable = operation.disabled();
+           return disable ? _t('operations.copy.' + disable, {
+             n: selectedIDs.length
+           }) : _t('operations.copy.description', {
+             n: selectedIDs.length
+           });
+         };
 
-           function setLayer(which, enabled) {
-               // Don't allow layer changes while drawing - #6584
-               var mode = context.mode();
-               if (mode && /^draw/.test(mode.id)) return;
+         operation.annotation = function () {
+           return _t('operations.copy.annotation', {
+             n: selectedIDs.length
+           });
+         };
 
-               var layer = layers.layer(which);
-               if (layer) {
-                   layer.enabled(enabled);
+         var _point;
 
-                   if (!enabled && (which === 'osm' || which === 'notes')) {
-                       context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
-                   }
-               }
-           }
+         operation.point = function (val) {
+           _point = val;
+           return operation;
+         };
 
-           function toggleLayer(which) {
-               setLayer(which, !showsLayer(which));
-           }
+         operation.id = 'copy';
+         operation.keys = [uiCmd('⌘C')];
+         operation.title = _t('operations.copy.title');
+         operation.behavior = behaviorOperation(context).which(operation);
+         return operation;
+       }
 
-           function drawOsmItems(selection) {
-               var osmKeys = ['osm', 'notes'];
-               var osmLayers = layers.all().filter(function(obj) { return osmKeys.indexOf(obj.id) !== -1; });
+       function operationDisconnect(context, selectedIDs) {
+         var _vertexIDs = [];
+         var _wayIDs = [];
+         var _otherIDs = [];
+         var _actions = [];
+         selectedIDs.forEach(function (id) {
+           var entity = context.entity(id);
+
+           if (entity.type === 'way') {
+             _wayIDs.push(id);
+           } else if (entity.geometry(context.graph()) === 'vertex') {
+             _vertexIDs.push(id);
+           } else {
+             _otherIDs.push(id);
+           }
+         });
 
-               var ul = selection
-                   .selectAll('.layer-list-osm')
-                   .data([0]);
+         var _coords,
+             _descriptionID = '',
+             _annotationID = 'features';
 
-               ul = ul.enter()
-                   .append('ul')
-                   .attr('class', 'layer-list layer-list-osm')
-                   .merge(ul);
+         var _disconnectingVertexIds = [];
+         var _disconnectingWayIds = [];
 
-               var li = ul.selectAll('.list-item')
-                   .data(osmLayers);
+         if (_vertexIDs.length > 0) {
+           // At the selected vertices, disconnect the selected ways, if any, else
+           // disconnect all connected ways
+           _disconnectingVertexIds = _vertexIDs;
 
-               li.exit()
-                   .remove();
+           _vertexIDs.forEach(function (vertexID) {
+             var action = actionDisconnect(vertexID);
 
-               var liEnter = li.enter()
-                   .append('li')
-                   .attr('class', function(d) { return 'list-item list-item-' + d.id; });
+             if (_wayIDs.length > 0) {
+               var waysIDsForVertex = _wayIDs.filter(function (wayID) {
+                 var way = context.entity(wayID);
+                 return way.nodes.indexOf(vertexID) !== -1;
+               });
 
-               var labelEnter = liEnter
-                   .append('label')
-                   .each(function(d) {
-                       if (d.id === 'osm') {
-                           select(this)
-                               .call(uiTooltip()
-                                   .title(_t('map_data.layers.' + d.id + '.tooltip'))
-                                   .keys([uiCmd('⌥' + _t('area_fill.wireframe.key'))])
-                                   .placement('bottom')
-                               );
-                       } else {
-                           select(this)
-                               .call(uiTooltip()
-                                   .title(_t('map_data.layers.' + d.id + '.tooltip'))
-                                   .placement('bottom')
-                               );
-                       }
-                   });
+               action.limitWays(waysIDsForVertex);
+             }
 
-               labelEnter
-                   .append('input')
-                   .attr('type', 'checkbox')
-                   .on('change', function(d) { toggleLayer(d.id); });
+             _actions.push(action);
 
-               labelEnter
-                   .append('span')
-                   .text(function(d) { return _t('map_data.layers.' + d.id + '.title'); });
+             _disconnectingWayIds = _disconnectingWayIds.concat(context.graph().parentWays(context.graph().entity(vertexID)).map(function (d) {
+               return d.id;
+             }));
+           });
 
+           _disconnectingWayIds = utilArrayUniq(_disconnectingWayIds).filter(function (id) {
+             return _wayIDs.indexOf(id) === -1;
+           });
+           _descriptionID += _actions.length === 1 ? 'single_point.' : 'multiple_points.';
 
-               // Update
-               li
-                   .merge(liEnter)
-                   .classed('active', function (d) { return d.layer.enabled(); })
-                   .selectAll('input')
-                   .property('checked', function (d) { return d.layer.enabled(); });
+           if (_wayIDs.length === 1) {
+             _descriptionID += 'single_way.' + context.graph().geometry(_wayIDs[0]);
+           } else {
+             _descriptionID += _wayIDs.length === 0 ? 'no_ways' : 'multiple_ways';
            }
+         } else if (_wayIDs.length > 0) {
+           // Disconnect the selected ways from each other, if they're connected,
+           // else disconnect them from all connected ways
+           var ways = _wayIDs.map(function (id) {
+             return context.entity(id);
+           });
 
-           function drawQAItems(selection) {
-               var qaKeys = ['keepRight', 'improveOSM', 'osmose'];
-               var qaLayers = layers.all().filter(function(obj) { return qaKeys.indexOf(obj.id) !== -1; });
+           var nodes = utilGetAllNodes(_wayIDs, context.graph());
+           _coords = nodes.map(function (n) {
+             return n.loc;
+           }); // actions for connected nodes shared by at least two selected ways
 
-               var ul = selection
-                   .selectAll('.layer-list-qa')
-                   .data([0]);
+           var sharedActions = [];
+           var sharedNodes = []; // actions for connected nodes
 
-               ul = ul.enter()
-                   .append('ul')
-                   .attr('class', 'layer-list layer-list-qa')
-                   .merge(ul);
+           var unsharedActions = [];
+           var unsharedNodes = [];
+           nodes.forEach(function (node) {
+             var action = actionDisconnect(node.id).limitWays(_wayIDs);
+
+             if (action.disabled(context.graph()) !== 'not_connected') {
+               var count = 0;
 
-               var li = ul.selectAll('.list-item')
-                   .data(qaLayers);
+               for (var i in ways) {
+                 var way = ways[i];
 
-               li.exit()
-                   .remove();
+                 if (way.nodes.indexOf(node.id) !== -1) {
+                   count += 1;
+                 }
 
-               var liEnter = li.enter()
-                   .append('li')
-                   .attr('class', function(d) { return 'list-item list-item-' + d.id; });
+                 if (count > 1) break;
+               }
 
-               var labelEnter = liEnter
-                   .append('label')
-                   .each(function(d) {
-                       select(this)
-                           .call(uiTooltip()
-                               .title(_t('map_data.layers.' + d.id + '.tooltip'))
-                               .placement('bottom')
-                           );
-                   });
+               if (count > 1) {
+                 sharedActions.push(action);
+                 sharedNodes.push(node);
+               } else {
+                 unsharedActions.push(action);
+                 unsharedNodes.push(node);
+               }
+             }
+           });
+           _descriptionID += 'no_points.';
+           _descriptionID += _wayIDs.length === 1 ? 'single_way.' : 'multiple_ways.';
+
+           if (sharedActions.length) {
+             // if any nodes are shared, only disconnect the selected ways from each other
+             _actions = sharedActions;
+             _disconnectingVertexIds = sharedNodes.map(function (node) {
+               return node.id;
+             });
+             _descriptionID += 'conjoined';
+             _annotationID = 'from_each_other';
+           } else {
+             // if no nodes are shared, disconnect the selected ways from all connected ways
+             _actions = unsharedActions;
+             _disconnectingVertexIds = unsharedNodes.map(function (node) {
+               return node.id;
+             });
 
-               labelEnter
-                   .append('input')
-                   .attr('type', 'checkbox')
-                   .on('change', function(d) { toggleLayer(d.id); });
+             if (_wayIDs.length === 1) {
+               _descriptionID += context.graph().geometry(_wayIDs[0]);
+             } else {
+               _descriptionID += 'separate';
+             }
+           }
+         }
 
-               labelEnter
-                   .append('span')
-                   .text(function(d) { return _t('map_data.layers.' + d.id + '.title'); });
+         var _extent = utilTotalExtent(_disconnectingVertexIds, context.graph());
 
+         var operation = function operation() {
+           context.perform(function (graph) {
+             return _actions.reduce(function (graph, action) {
+               return action(graph);
+             }, graph);
+           }, operation.annotation());
+           context.validator().validate();
+         };
 
-               // Update
-               li
-                   .merge(liEnter)
-                   .classed('active', function (d) { return d.layer.enabled(); })
-                   .selectAll('input')
-                   .property('checked', function (d) { return d.layer.enabled(); });
+         operation.relatedEntityIds = function () {
+           if (_vertexIDs.length) {
+             return _disconnectingWayIds;
            }
 
-           // Beta feature - sample vector layers to support Detroit Mapping Challenge
-           // https://github.com/osmus/detroit-mapping-challenge
-           function drawVectorItems(selection) {
-               var dataLayer = layers.layer('data');
-               var vtData = [
-                   {
-                       name: 'Detroit Neighborhoods/Parks',
-                       src: 'neighborhoods-parks',
-                       tooltip: 'Neighborhood boundaries and parks as compiled by City of Detroit in concert with community groups.',
-                       template: 'https://{switch:a,b,c,d}.tiles.mapbox.com/v4/jonahadkins.cjksmur6x34562qp9iv1u3ksf-54hev,jonahadkins.cjksmqxdx33jj2wp90xd9x2md-4e5y2/{z}/{x}/{y}.vector.pbf?access_token=pk.eyJ1Ijoiam9uYWhhZGtpbnMiLCJhIjoiRlVVVkx3VSJ9.9sdVEK_B_VkEXPjssU5MqA'
-                   }, {
-                       name: 'Detroit Composite POIs',
-                       src: 'composite-poi',
-                       tooltip: 'Fire Inspections, Business Licenses, and other public location data collated from the City of Detroit.',
-                       template: 'https://{switch:a,b,c,d}.tiles.mapbox.com/v4/jonahadkins.cjksmm6a02sli31myxhsr7zf3-2sw8h/{z}/{x}/{y}.vector.pbf?access_token=pk.eyJ1Ijoiam9uYWhhZGtpbnMiLCJhIjoiRlVVVkx3VSJ9.9sdVEK_B_VkEXPjssU5MqA'
-                   }, {
-                       name: 'Detroit All-The-Places POIs',
-                       src: 'alltheplaces-poi',
-                       tooltip: 'Public domain business location data created by web scrapers.',
-                       template: 'https://{switch:a,b,c,d}.tiles.mapbox.com/v4/jonahadkins.cjksmswgk340g2vo06p1w9w0j-8fjjc/{z}/{x}/{y}.vector.pbf?access_token=pk.eyJ1Ijoiam9uYWhhZGtpbnMiLCJhIjoiRlVVVkx3VSJ9.9sdVEK_B_VkEXPjssU5MqA'
-                   }
-               ];
+           return _disconnectingVertexIds;
+         };
+
+         operation.available = function () {
+           if (_actions.length === 0) return false;
+           if (_otherIDs.length !== 0) return false;
+           if (_vertexIDs.length !== 0 && _wayIDs.length !== 0 && !_wayIDs.every(function (wayID) {
+             return _vertexIDs.some(function (vertexID) {
+               var way = context.entity(wayID);
+               return way.nodes.indexOf(vertexID) !== -1;
+             });
+           })) return false;
+           return true;
+         };
 
-               // Only show this if the map is around Detroit..
-               var detroit = geoExtent([-83.5, 42.1], [-82.8, 42.5]);
-               var showVectorItems = (context.map().zoom() > 9 && detroit.contains(context.map().center()));
+         operation.disabled = function () {
+           var reason;
 
-               var container = selection.selectAll('.vectortile-container')
-                   .data(showVectorItems ? [0] : []);
+           for (var actionIndex in _actions) {
+             reason = _actions[actionIndex].disabled(context.graph());
+             if (reason) return reason;
+           }
 
-               container.exit()
-                   .remove();
+           if (_extent && _extent.percentContainedIn(context.map().extent()) < 0.8) {
+             return 'too_large.' + ((_vertexIDs.length ? _vertexIDs : _wayIDs).length === 1 ? 'single' : 'multiple');
+           } else if (_coords && someMissing()) {
+             return 'not_downloaded';
+           } else if (selectedIDs.some(context.hasHiddenConnections)) {
+             return 'connected_to_hidden';
+           }
 
-               var containerEnter = container.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'vectortile-container');
+           return false;
 
-               containerEnter
-                   .append('h4')
-                   .attr('class', 'vectortile-header')
-                   .text('Detroit Vector Tiles (Beta)');
+           function someMissing() {
+             if (context.inIntro()) return false;
+             var osm = context.connection();
 
-               containerEnter
-                   .append('ul')
-                   .attr('class', 'layer-list layer-list-vectortile');
+             if (osm) {
+               var missing = _coords.filter(function (loc) {
+                 return !osm.isDataLoaded(loc);
+               });
 
-               containerEnter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'vectortile-footer')
-                   .append('a')
-                   .attr('target', '_blank')
-                   .attr('tabindex', -1)
-                   .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-out-link', 'inline'))
-                   .attr('href', 'https://github.com/osmus/detroit-mapping-challenge')
-                   .append('span')
-                   .text('About these layers');
+               if (missing.length) {
+                 missing.forEach(function (loc) {
+                   context.loadTileAtLoc(loc);
+                 });
+                 return true;
+               }
+             }
 
-               container = container
-                   .merge(containerEnter);
+             return false;
+           }
+         };
 
+         operation.tooltip = function () {
+           var disable = operation.disabled();
 
-               var ul = container.selectAll('.layer-list-vectortile');
+           if (disable) {
+             return _t('operations.disconnect.' + disable);
+           }
 
-               var li = ul.selectAll('.list-item')
-                   .data(vtData);
+           return _t('operations.disconnect.description.' + _descriptionID);
+         };
 
-               li.exit()
-                   .remove();
+         operation.annotation = function () {
+           return _t('operations.disconnect.annotation.' + _annotationID);
+         };
 
-               var liEnter = li.enter()
-                   .append('li')
-                   .attr('class', function(d) { return 'list-item list-item-' + d.src; });
+         operation.id = 'disconnect';
+         operation.keys = [_t('operations.disconnect.key')];
+         operation.title = _t('operations.disconnect.title');
+         operation.behavior = behaviorOperation(context).which(operation);
+         return operation;
+       }
 
-               var labelEnter = liEnter
-                   .append('label')
-                   .each(function(d) {
-                       select(this).call(
-                           uiTooltip().title(d.tooltip).placement('top')
-                       );
-                   });
+       function operationDowngrade(context, selectedIDs) {
+         var _affectedFeatureCount = 0;
 
-               labelEnter
-                   .append('input')
-                   .attr('type', 'radio')
-                   .attr('name', 'vectortile')
-                   .on('change', selectVTLayer);
+         var _downgradeType = downgradeTypeForEntityIDs(selectedIDs);
 
-               labelEnter
-                   .append('span')
-                   .text(function(d) { return d.name; });
+         var _multi = _affectedFeatureCount === 1 ? 'single' : 'multiple';
 
-               // Update
-               li
-                   .merge(liEnter)
-                   .classed('active', isVTLayerSelected)
-                   .selectAll('input')
-                   .property('checked', isVTLayerSelected);
+         function downgradeTypeForEntityIDs(entityIds) {
+           var downgradeType;
+           _affectedFeatureCount = 0;
 
+           for (var i in entityIds) {
+             var entityID = entityIds[i];
+             var type = downgradeTypeForEntityID(entityID);
 
-               function isVTLayerSelected(d) {
-                   return dataLayer && dataLayer.template() === d.template;
-               }
+             if (type) {
+               _affectedFeatureCount += 1;
 
-               function selectVTLayer(d) {
-                   corePreferences('settings-custom-data-url', d.template);
-                   if (dataLayer) {
-                       dataLayer.template(d.template, d.src);
-                       dataLayer.enabled(true);
-                   }
+               if (downgradeType && type !== downgradeType) {
+                 if (downgradeType !== 'generic' && type !== 'generic') {
+                   downgradeType = 'building_address';
+                 } else {
+                   downgradeType = 'generic';
+                 }
+               } else {
+                 downgradeType = type;
                }
+             }
            }
 
-           function drawCustomDataItems(selection) {
-               var dataLayer = layers.layer('data');
-               var hasData = dataLayer && dataLayer.hasData();
-               var showsData = hasData && dataLayer.enabled();
-
-               var ul = selection
-                   .selectAll('.layer-list-data')
-                   .data(dataLayer ? [0] : []);
+           return downgradeType;
+         }
 
-               // Exit
-               ul.exit()
-                   .remove();
+         function downgradeTypeForEntityID(entityID) {
+           var graph = context.graph();
+           var entity = graph.entity(entityID);
+           var preset = _mainPresetIndex.match(entity, graph);
+           if (!preset || preset.isFallback()) return null;
 
-               // Enter
-               var ulEnter = ul.enter()
-                   .append('ul')
-                   .attr('class', 'layer-list layer-list-data');
+           if (entity.type === 'node' && preset.id !== 'address' && Object.keys(entity.tags).some(function (key) {
+             return key.match(/^addr:.{1,}/);
+           })) {
+             return 'address';
+           }
 
-               var liEnter = ulEnter
-                   .append('li')
-                   .attr('class', 'list-item-data');
+           var geometry = entity.geometry(graph);
 
-               var labelEnter = liEnter
-                   .append('label')
-                   .call(uiTooltip()
-                       .title(_t('map_data.layers.custom.tooltip'))
-                       .placement('top')
-                   );
+           if (geometry === 'area' && entity.tags.building && !preset.tags.building) {
+             return 'building';
+           }
 
-               labelEnter
-                   .append('input')
-                   .attr('type', 'checkbox')
-                   .on('change', function() { toggleLayer('data'); });
+           if (geometry === 'vertex' && Object.keys(entity.tags).length) {
+             return 'generic';
+           }
 
-               labelEnter
-                   .append('span')
-                   .text(_t('map_data.layers.custom.title'));
+           return null;
+         }
 
-               liEnter
-                   .append('button')
-                   .call(uiTooltip()
-                       .title(_t('settings.custom_data.tooltip'))
-                       .placement((_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl') ? 'right' : 'left')
-                   )
-                   .on('click', editCustom)
-                   .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-more'));
-
-               liEnter
-                   .append('button')
-                   .call(uiTooltip()
-                       .title(_t('map_data.layers.custom.zoom'))
-                       .placement((_mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'rtl') ? 'right' : 'left')
-                   )
-                   .on('click', function() {
-                       event.preventDefault();
-                       event.stopPropagation();
-                       dataLayer.fitZoom();
-                   })
-                   .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-framed-dot'));
+         var buildingKeysToKeep = ['architect', 'building', 'height', 'layer', 'source', 'type', 'wheelchair'];
+         var addressKeysToKeep = ['source'];
 
-               // Update
-               ul = ul
-                   .merge(ulEnter);
+         var operation = function operation() {
+           context.perform(function (graph) {
+             for (var i in selectedIDs) {
+               var entityID = selectedIDs[i];
+               var type = downgradeTypeForEntityID(entityID);
+               if (!type) continue;
+               var tags = Object.assign({}, graph.entity(entityID).tags); // shallow copy
 
-               ul.selectAll('.list-item-data')
-                   .classed('active', showsData)
-                   .selectAll('label')
-                   .classed('deemphasize', !hasData)
-                   .selectAll('input')
-                   .property('disabled', !hasData)
-                   .property('checked', showsData);
-           }
+               for (var key in tags) {
+                 if (type === 'address' && addressKeysToKeep.indexOf(key) !== -1) continue;
 
-           function editCustom() {
-               event.preventDefault();
-               context.container()
-                   .call(settingsCustomData);
-           }
+                 if (type === 'building') {
+                   if (buildingKeysToKeep.indexOf(key) !== -1 || key.match(/^building:.{1,}/) || key.match(/^roof:.{1,}/)) continue;
+                 }
 
-           function customChanged(d) {
-               var dataLayer = layers.layer('data');
+                 if (type !== 'generic') {
+                   if (key.match(/^addr:.{1,}/) || key.match(/^source:.{1,}/)) continue;
+                 }
 
-               if (d && d.url) {
-                   dataLayer.url(d.url);
-               } else if (d && d.fileList) {
-                   dataLayer.fileList(d.fileList);
+                 delete tags[key];
                }
-           }
 
+               graph = actionChangeTags(entityID, tags)(graph);
+             }
 
-           function drawPanelItems(selection) {
+             return graph;
+           }, operation.annotation());
+           context.validator().validate(); // refresh the select mode to enable the delete operation
 
-               var panelsListEnter = selection.selectAll('.md-extras-list')
-                   .data([0])
-                   .enter()
-                   .append('ul')
-                   .attr('class', 'layer-list md-extras-list');
-
-               var historyPanelLabelEnter = panelsListEnter
-                   .append('li')
-                   .attr('class', 'history-panel-toggle-item')
-                   .append('label')
-                   .call(uiTooltip()
-                       .title(_t('map_data.history_panel.tooltip'))
-                       .keys([uiCmd('⌘⇧' + _t('info_panels.history.key'))])
-                       .placement('top')
-                   );
-
-               historyPanelLabelEnter
-                   .append('input')
-                   .attr('type', 'checkbox')
-                   .on('change', function() {
-                       event.preventDefault();
-                       context.ui().info.toggle('history');
-                   });
+           context.enter(modeSelect(context, selectedIDs));
+         };
 
-               historyPanelLabelEnter
-                   .append('span')
-                   .text(_t('map_data.history_panel.title'));
-
-               var measurementPanelLabelEnter = panelsListEnter
-                   .append('li')
-                   .attr('class', 'measurement-panel-toggle-item')
-                   .append('label')
-                   .call(uiTooltip()
-                       .title(_t('map_data.measurement_panel.tooltip'))
-                       .keys([uiCmd('⌘⇧' + _t('info_panels.measurement.key'))])
-                       .placement('top')
-                   );
-
-               measurementPanelLabelEnter
-                   .append('input')
-                   .attr('type', 'checkbox')
-                   .on('change', function() {
-                       event.preventDefault();
-                       context.ui().info.toggle('measurement');
-                   });
+         operation.available = function () {
+           return _downgradeType;
+         };
 
-               measurementPanelLabelEnter
-                   .append('span')
-                   .text(_t('map_data.measurement_panel.title'));
+         operation.disabled = function () {
+           if (selectedIDs.some(hasWikidataTag)) {
+             return 'has_wikidata_tag';
            }
 
-           context.layers().on('change.uiSectionDataLayers', section.reRender);
+           return false;
 
-           context.map()
-               .on('move.uiSectionDataLayers',
-                   debounce(function() {
-                       // Detroit layers may have moved in or out of view
-                       window.requestIdleCallback(section.reRender);
-                   }, 1000)
-               );
+           function hasWikidataTag(id) {
+             var entity = context.entity(id);
+             return entity.tags.wikidata && entity.tags.wikidata.trim().length > 0;
+           }
+         };
 
-           return section;
-       }
+         operation.tooltip = function () {
+           var disable = operation.disabled();
+           return disable ? _t('operations.downgrade.' + disable + '.' + _multi) : _t('operations.downgrade.description.' + _downgradeType);
+         };
 
-       function uiSectionMapFeatures(context) {
+         operation.annotation = function () {
+           var suffix;
 
-           var _features = context.features().keys();
+           if (_downgradeType === 'building_address') {
+             suffix = 'generic';
+           } else {
+             suffix = _downgradeType;
+           }
 
-           var section = uiSection('map-features', context)
-               .title(_t('map_data.map_features'))
-               .disclosureContent(renderDisclosureContent)
-               .expandedByDefault(false);
+           return _t('operations.downgrade.annotation.' + suffix, {
+             n: _affectedFeatureCount
+           });
+         };
 
-           function renderDisclosureContent(selection) {
+         operation.id = 'downgrade';
+         operation.keys = [uiCmd('⌫')];
+         operation.title = _t('operations.downgrade.title');
+         operation.behavior = behaviorOperation(context).which(operation);
+         return operation;
+       }
 
-               var container = selection.selectAll('.layer-feature-list-container')
-                   .data([0]);
+       function operationExtract(context, selectedIDs) {
+         var _amount = selectedIDs.length === 1 ? 'single' : 'multiple';
 
-               var containerEnter = container.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'layer-feature-list-container');
+         var _geometries = utilArrayUniq(selectedIDs.map(function (entityID) {
+           return context.graph().hasEntity(entityID) && context.graph().geometry(entityID);
+         }).filter(Boolean));
 
-               containerEnter
-                   .append('ul')
-                   .attr('class', 'layer-list layer-feature-list');
+         var _geometryID = _geometries.length === 1 ? _geometries[0] : 'feature';
 
-               var footer = containerEnter
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'feature-list-links section-footer');
-
-               footer
-                   .append('a')
-                   .attr('class', 'feature-list-link')
-                   .attr('href', '#')
-                   .text(_t('issues.enable_all'))
-                   .on('click', function() {
-                       context.features().enableAll();
-                   });
+         var _extent;
 
-               footer
-                   .append('a')
-                   .attr('class', 'feature-list-link')
-                   .attr('href', '#')
-                   .text(_t('issues.disable_all'))
-                   .on('click', function() {
-                       context.features().disableAll();
-                   });
+         var _actions = selectedIDs.map(function (entityID) {
+           var graph = context.graph();
+           var entity = graph.hasEntity(entityID);
+           if (!entity || !entity.hasInterestingTags()) return null;
+           if (entity.type === 'node' && graph.parentWays(entity).length === 0) return null;
 
-               // Update
-               container = container
-                   .merge(containerEnter);
+           if (entity.type !== 'node') {
+             var preset = _mainPresetIndex.match(entity, graph); // only allow extraction from ways/relations if the preset supports points
 
-               container.selectAll('.layer-feature-list')
-                   .call(drawListItems, _features, 'checkbox', 'feature', clickFeature, showsFeature);
+             if (preset.geometry.indexOf('point') === -1) return null;
            }
 
-           function drawListItems(selection, data, type, name, change, active) {
-               var items = selection.selectAll('li')
-                   .data(data);
+           _extent = _extent ? _extent.extend(entity.extent(graph)) : entity.extent(graph);
+           return actionExtract(entityID, context.projection);
+         }).filter(Boolean);
 
-               // Exit
-               items.exit()
-                   .remove();
-
-               // Enter
-               var enter = items.enter()
-                   .append('li')
-                   .call(uiTooltip()
-                       .title(function(d) {
-                           var tip = _t(name + '.' + d + '.tooltip');
-                           if (autoHiddenFeature(d)) {
-                               var msg = showsLayer('osm') ? _t('map_data.autohidden') : _t('map_data.osmhidden');
-                               tip += '<div>' + msg + '</div>';
-                           }
-                           return tip;
-                       })
-                       .placement('top')
-                   );
+         var operation = function operation() {
+           var combinedAction = function combinedAction(graph) {
+             _actions.forEach(function (action) {
+               graph = action(graph);
+             });
 
-               var label = enter
-                   .append('label');
+             return graph;
+           };
 
-               label
-                   .append('input')
-                   .attr('type', type)
-                   .attr('name', name)
-                   .on('change', change);
+           context.perform(combinedAction, operation.annotation()); // do the extract
 
-               label
-                   .append('span')
-                   .text(function(d) { return _t(name + '.' + d + '.description'); });
+           var extractedNodeIDs = _actions.map(function (action) {
+             return action.getExtractedNodeID();
+           });
 
-               // Update
-               items = items
-                   .merge(enter);
+           context.enter(modeSelect(context, extractedNodeIDs));
+         };
 
-               items
-                   .classed('active', active)
-                   .selectAll('input')
-                   .property('checked', active)
-                   .property('indeterminate', autoHiddenFeature);
-           }
+         operation.available = function () {
+           return _actions.length && selectedIDs.length === _actions.length;
+         };
 
-           function autoHiddenFeature(d) {
-               return context.features().autoHidden(d);
+         operation.disabled = function () {
+           if (_extent && _extent.percentContainedIn(context.map().extent()) < 0.8) {
+             return 'too_large';
+           } else if (selectedIDs.some(function (entityID) {
+             return context.graph().geometry(entityID) === 'vertex' && context.hasHiddenConnections(entityID);
+           })) {
+             return 'connected_to_hidden';
            }
 
-           function showsFeature(d) {
-               return context.features().enabled(d);
-           }
+           return false;
+         };
 
-           function clickFeature(d) {
-               context.features().toggle(d);
-           }
+         operation.tooltip = function () {
+           var disableReason = operation.disabled();
 
-           function showsLayer(id) {
-               var layer = context.layers().layer(id);
-               return layer && layer.enabled();
+           if (disableReason) {
+             return _t('operations.extract.' + disableReason + '.' + _amount);
+           } else {
+             return _t('operations.extract.description.' + _geometryID + '.' + _amount);
            }
+         };
 
-           // add listeners
-           context.features()
-               .on('change.map_features', section.reRender);
+         operation.annotation = function () {
+           return _t('operations.extract.annotation', {
+             n: selectedIDs.length
+           });
+         };
 
-           return section;
+         operation.id = 'extract';
+         operation.keys = [_t('operations.extract.key')];
+         operation.title = _t('operations.extract.title');
+         operation.behavior = behaviorOperation(context).which(operation);
+         return operation;
        }
 
-       function uiSectionMapStyleOptions(context) {
-
-           var section = uiSection('fill-area', context)
-               .title(_t('map_data.style_options'))
-               .disclosureContent(renderDisclosureContent)
-               .expandedByDefault(false);
-
-           function renderDisclosureContent(selection) {
-               var container = selection.selectAll('.layer-fill-list')
-                   .data([0]);
-
-               container.enter()
-                   .append('ul')
-                   .attr('class', 'layer-list layer-fill-list')
-                   .merge(container)
-                   .call(drawListItems, context.map().areaFillOptions, 'radio', 'area_fill', setFill, isActiveFill);
-
-               var container2 = selection.selectAll('.layer-visual-diff-list')
-                   .data([0]);
-
-               container2.enter()
-                   .append('ul')
-                   .attr('class', 'layer-list layer-visual-diff-list')
-                   .merge(container2)
-                   .call(drawListItems, ['highlight_edits'], 'checkbox', 'visual_diff', toggleHighlightEdited, function() {
-                       return context.surface().classed('highlight-edited');
-                   });
+       function operationMerge(context, selectedIDs) {
+         var _action = getAction();
+
+         function getAction() {
+           // prefer a non-disabled action first
+           var join = actionJoin(selectedIDs);
+           if (!join.disabled(context.graph())) return join;
+           var merge = actionMerge(selectedIDs);
+           if (!merge.disabled(context.graph())) return merge;
+           var mergePolygon = actionMergePolygon(selectedIDs);
+           if (!mergePolygon.disabled(context.graph())) return mergePolygon;
+           var mergeNodes = actionMergeNodes(selectedIDs);
+           if (!mergeNodes.disabled(context.graph())) return mergeNodes; // otherwise prefer an action with an interesting disabled reason
+
+           if (join.disabled(context.graph()) !== 'not_eligible') return join;
+           if (merge.disabled(context.graph()) !== 'not_eligible') return merge;
+           if (mergePolygon.disabled(context.graph()) !== 'not_eligible') return mergePolygon;
+           return mergeNodes;
+         }
+
+         var operation = function operation() {
+           if (operation.disabled()) return;
+           context.perform(_action, operation.annotation());
+           context.validator().validate();
+           var resultIDs = selectedIDs.filter(context.hasEntity);
+
+           if (resultIDs.length > 1) {
+             var interestingIDs = resultIDs.filter(function (id) {
+               return context.entity(id).hasInterestingTags();
+             });
+             if (interestingIDs.length) resultIDs = interestingIDs;
            }
 
-           function drawListItems(selection, data, type, name, change, active) {
-               var items = selection.selectAll('li')
-                   .data(data);
-
-               // Exit
-               items.exit()
-                   .remove();
+           context.enter(modeSelect(context, resultIDs));
+         };
 
-               // Enter
-               var enter = items.enter()
-                   .append('li')
-                   .call(uiTooltip()
-                       .title(function(d) {
-                           return _t(name + '.' + d + '.tooltip');
-                       })
-                       .keys(function(d) {
-                           var key = (d === 'wireframe' ? _t('area_fill.wireframe.key') : null);
-                           if (d === 'highlight_edits') key = _t('map_data.highlight_edits.key');
-                           return key ? [key] : null;
-                       })
-                       .placement('top')
-                   );
+         operation.available = function () {
+           return selectedIDs.length >= 2;
+         };
 
-               var label = enter
-                   .append('label');
+         operation.disabled = function () {
+           var actionDisabled = _action.disabled(context.graph());
 
-               label
-                   .append('input')
-                   .attr('type', type)
-                   .attr('name', name)
-                   .on('change', change);
+           if (actionDisabled) return actionDisabled;
+           var osm = context.connection();
 
-               label
-                   .append('span')
-                   .text(function(d) { return _t(name + '.' + d + '.description'); });
+           if (osm && _action.resultingWayNodesLength && _action.resultingWayNodesLength(context.graph()) > osm.maxWayNodes()) {
+             return 'too_many_vertices';
+           }
 
-               // Update
-               items = items
-                   .merge(enter);
+           return false;
+         };
 
-               items
-                   .classed('active', active)
-                   .selectAll('input')
-                   .property('checked', active)
-                   .property('indeterminate', false);
-           }
+         operation.tooltip = function () {
+           var disabled = operation.disabled();
 
-           function isActiveFill(d) {
-               return context.map().activeAreaFill() === d;
-           }
+           if (disabled) {
+             if (disabled === 'restriction') {
+               return _t('operations.merge.restriction', {
+                 relation: _mainPresetIndex.item('type/restriction').name()
+               });
+             }
 
-           function toggleHighlightEdited() {
-               event.preventDefault();
-               context.map().toggleHighlightEdited();
+             return _t('operations.merge.' + disabled);
            }
 
-           function setFill(d) {
-               context.map().activeAreaFill(d);
-           }
+           return _t('operations.merge.description');
+         };
 
-           context.map()
-               .on('changeHighlighting.ui_style, changeAreaFill.ui_style', section.reRender);
+         operation.annotation = function () {
+           return _t('operations.merge.annotation', {
+             n: selectedIDs.length
+           });
+         };
 
-           return section;
+         operation.id = 'merge';
+         operation.keys = [_t('operations.merge.key')];
+         operation.title = _t('operations.merge.title');
+         operation.behavior = behaviorOperation(context).which(operation);
+         return operation;
        }
 
-       function uiSectionPhotoOverlays(context) {
-
-           var layers = context.layers();
+       function operationPaste(context) {
+         var _pastePoint;
 
-           var section = uiSection('photo-overlays', context)
-               .title(_t('photo_overlays.title'))
-               .disclosureContent(renderDisclosureContent)
-               .expandedByDefault(false);
+         var operation = function operation() {
+           if (!_pastePoint) return;
+           var oldIDs = context.copyIDs();
+           if (!oldIDs.length) return;
+           var projection = context.projection;
+           var extent = geoExtent();
+           var oldGraph = context.copyGraph();
+           var newIDs = [];
+           var action = actionCopyEntities(oldIDs, oldGraph);
+           context.perform(action);
+           var copies = action.copies();
+           var originals = new Set();
+           Object.values(copies).forEach(function (entity) {
+             originals.add(entity.id);
+           });
 
-           function renderDisclosureContent(selection) {
-               var container = selection.selectAll('.photo-overlay-container')
-                   .data([0]);
+           for (var id in copies) {
+             var oldEntity = oldGraph.entity(id);
+             var newEntity = copies[id];
 
-               container.enter()
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'photo-overlay-container')
-                   .merge(container)
-                   .call(drawPhotoItems)
-                   .call(drawPhotoTypeItems);
-           }
+             extent._extend(oldEntity.extent(oldGraph)); // Exclude child nodes from newIDs if their parent way was also copied.
 
-           function drawPhotoItems(selection) {
-               var photoKeys = context.photos().overlayLayerIDs();
-               var photoLayers = layers.all().filter(function(obj) { return photoKeys.indexOf(obj.id) !== -1; });
-               var data = photoLayers.filter(function(obj) { return obj.layer.supported(); });
 
-               function layerSupported(d) {
-                   return d.layer && d.layer.supported();
-               }
-               function layerEnabled(d) {
-                   return layerSupported(d) && d.layer.enabled();
-               }
+             var parents = context.graph().parentWays(newEntity);
+             var parentCopied = parents.some(function (parent) {
+               return originals.has(parent.id);
+             });
 
-               var ul = selection
-                   .selectAll('.layer-list-photos')
-                   .data([0]);
+             if (!parentCopied) {
+               newIDs.push(newEntity.id);
+             }
+           } // Use the location of the copy operation to offset the paste location,
+           // or else use the center of the pasted extent
 
-               ul = ul.enter()
-                   .append('ul')
-                   .attr('class', 'layer-list layer-list-photos')
-                   .merge(ul);
 
-               var li = ul.selectAll('.list-item-photos')
-                   .data(data);
+           var copyPoint = context.copyLonLat() && projection(context.copyLonLat()) || projection(extent.center());
+           var delta = geoVecSubtract(_pastePoint, copyPoint); // Move the pasted objects to be anchored at the paste location
 
-               li.exit()
-                   .remove();
+           context.replace(actionMove(newIDs, delta, projection), operation.annotation());
+           context.enter(modeSelect(context, newIDs));
+         };
 
-               var liEnter = li.enter()
-                   .append('li')
-                   .attr('class', function(d) {
-                       var classes = 'list-item-photos list-item-' + d.id;
-                       if (d.id === 'mapillary-signs' || d.id === 'mapillary-map-features') {
-                           classes += ' indented';
-                       }
-                       return classes;
-                   });
+         operation.point = function (val) {
+           _pastePoint = val;
+           return operation;
+         };
 
-               var labelEnter = liEnter
-                   .append('label')
-                   .each(function(d) {
-                       var titleID;
-                       if (d.id === 'mapillary-signs') titleID = 'mapillary.signs.tooltip';
-                       else if (d.id === 'mapillary') titleID = 'mapillary_images.tooltip';
-                       else if (d.id === 'openstreetcam') titleID = 'openstreetcam_images.tooltip';
-                       else titleID = d.id.replace(/-/g, '_') + '.tooltip';
-                       select(this)
-                           .call(uiTooltip()
-                               .title(_t(titleID))
-                               .placement('top')
-                           );
-                   });
+         operation.available = function () {
+           return context.mode().id === 'browse';
+         };
 
-               labelEnter
-                   .append('input')
-                   .attr('type', 'checkbox')
-                   .on('change', function(d) { toggleLayer(d.id); });
-
-               labelEnter
-                   .append('span')
-                   .text(function(d) {
-                       var id = d.id;
-                       if (id === 'mapillary-signs') id = 'photo_overlays.traffic_signs';
-                       return _t(id.replace(/-/g, '_') + '.title');
-                   });
+         operation.disabled = function () {
+           return !context.copyIDs().length;
+         };
 
+         operation.tooltip = function () {
+           var oldGraph = context.copyGraph();
+           var ids = context.copyIDs();
 
-               // Update
-               li
-                   .merge(liEnter)
-                   .classed('active', layerEnabled)
-                   .selectAll('input')
-                   .property('checked', layerEnabled);
+           if (!ids.length) {
+             return _t('operations.paste.nothing_copied');
            }
 
-           function drawPhotoTypeItems(selection) {
-               var data = context.photos().allPhotoTypes();
-
-               function typeEnabled(d) {
-                   return context.photos().showsPhotoType(d);
-               }
-
-               var ul = selection
-                   .selectAll('.layer-list-photo-types')
-                   .data(context.photos().shouldFilterByPhotoType() ? [0] : []);
+           return _t('operations.paste.description', {
+             feature: utilDisplayLabel(oldGraph.entity(ids[0]), oldGraph),
+             n: ids.length
+           });
+         };
 
-               ul.exit()
-                   .remove();
+         operation.annotation = function () {
+           var ids = context.copyIDs();
+           return _t('operations.paste.annotation', {
+             n: ids.length
+           });
+         };
 
-               ul = ul.enter()
-                   .append('ul')
-                   .attr('class', 'layer-list layer-list-photo-types')
-                   .merge(ul);
+         operation.id = 'paste';
+         operation.keys = [uiCmd('⌘V')];
+         operation.title = _t('operations.paste.title');
+         return operation;
+       }
 
-               var li = ul.selectAll('.list-item-photo-types')
-                   .data(data);
+       function operationReverse(context, selectedIDs) {
+         var operation = function operation() {
+           context.perform(function combinedReverseAction(graph) {
+             actions().forEach(function (action) {
+               graph = action(graph);
+             });
+             return graph;
+           }, operation.annotation());
+           context.validator().validate();
+         };
 
-               li.exit()
-                   .remove();
+         function actions(situation) {
+           return selectedIDs.map(function (entityID) {
+             var entity = context.hasEntity(entityID);
+             if (!entity) return null;
 
-               var liEnter = li.enter()
-                   .append('li')
-                   .attr('class', function(d) {
-                       return 'list-item-photo-types list-item-' + d;
-                   });
+             if (situation === 'toolbar') {
+               if (entity.type === 'way' && !entity.isOneWay() && !entity.isSided()) return null;
+             }
 
-               var labelEnter = liEnter
-                   .append('label')
-                   .each(function(d) {
-                       select(this)
-                           .call(uiTooltip()
-                               .title(_t('photo_overlays.photo_type.' + d + '.tooltip'))
-                               .placement('top')
-                           );
-                   });
+             var geometry = entity.geometry(context.graph());
+             if (entity.type !== 'node' && geometry !== 'line') return null;
+             var action = actionReverse(entityID);
+             if (action.disabled(context.graph())) return null;
+             return action;
+           }).filter(Boolean);
+         }
 
-               labelEnter
-                   .append('input')
-                   .attr('type', 'checkbox')
-                   .on('change', function(d) {
-                       context.photos().togglePhotoType(d);
-                   });
+         function reverseTypeID() {
+           var acts = actions();
+           var nodeActionCount = acts.filter(function (act) {
+             var entity = context.hasEntity(act.entityID());
+             return entity && entity.type === 'node';
+           }).length;
+           if (nodeActionCount === 0) return 'line';
+           if (nodeActionCount === acts.length) return 'point';
+           return 'feature';
+         }
 
-               labelEnter
-                   .append('span')
-                   .text(function(d) {
-                       return _t('photo_overlays.photo_type.' + d + '.title');
-                   });
+         operation.available = function (situation) {
+           return actions(situation).length > 0;
+         };
 
+         operation.disabled = function () {
+           return false;
+         };
 
-               // Update
-               li
-                   .merge(liEnter)
-                   .classed('active', typeEnabled)
-                   .selectAll('input')
-                   .property('checked', typeEnabled);
-           }
+         operation.tooltip = function () {
+           return _t('operations.reverse.description.' + reverseTypeID());
+         };
 
-           function toggleLayer(which) {
-               setLayer(which, !showsLayer(which));
-           }
+         operation.annotation = function () {
+           var acts = actions();
+           return _t('operations.reverse.annotation.' + reverseTypeID(), {
+             n: acts.length
+           });
+         };
 
-           function showsLayer(which) {
-               var layer = layers.layer(which);
-               if (layer) {
-                   return layer.enabled();
-               }
-               return false;
-           }
+         operation.id = 'reverse';
+         operation.keys = [_t('operations.reverse.key')];
+         operation.title = _t('operations.reverse.title');
+         operation.behavior = behaviorOperation(context).which(operation);
+         return operation;
+       }
 
-           function setLayer(which, enabled) {
-               var layer = layers.layer(which);
-               if (layer) {
-                   layer.enabled(enabled);
-               }
-           }
+       function operationSplit(context, selectedIDs) {
+         var _vertexIds = selectedIDs.filter(function (id) {
+           return context.graph().geometry(id) === 'vertex';
+         });
 
-           context.layers().on('change.uiSectionPhotoOverlays', section.reRender);
-           context.photos().on('change.uiSectionPhotoOverlays', section.reRender);
+         var _selectedWayIds = selectedIDs.filter(function (id) {
+           var entity = context.graph().hasEntity(id);
+           return entity && entity.type === 'way';
+         });
 
-           return section;
-       }
+         var _isAvailable = _vertexIds.length > 0 && _vertexIds.length + _selectedWayIds.length === selectedIDs.length;
 
-       function uiPaneMapData(context) {
+         var _action = actionSplit(_vertexIds);
 
-           var mapDataPane = uiPane('map-data', context)
-               .key(_t('map_data.key'))
-               .title(_t('map_data.title'))
-               .description(_t('map_data.description'))
-               .iconName('iD-icon-data')
-               .sections([
-                   uiSectionDataLayers(context),
-                   uiSectionPhotoOverlays(context),
-                   uiSectionMapStyleOptions(context),
-                   uiSectionMapFeatures(context)
-               ]);
+         var _ways = [];
+         var _geometry = 'feature';
+         var _waysAmount = 'single';
 
-           return mapDataPane;
-       }
+         var _nodesAmount = _vertexIds.length === 1 ? 'single' : 'multiple';
 
-       function uiSectionPrivacy(context) {
+         if (_isAvailable) {
+           if (_selectedWayIds.length) _action.limitWays(_selectedWayIds);
+           _ways = _action.ways(context.graph());
+           var geometries = {};
 
-           let section = uiSection('preferences-third-party', context)
-             .title(_t('preferences.privacy.title'))
-             .disclosureContent(renderDisclosureContent);
+           _ways.forEach(function (way) {
+             geometries[way.geometry(context.graph())] = true;
+           });
 
-           let _showThirdPartyIcons = corePreferences('preferences.privacy.thirdpartyicons') || 'true';
+           if (Object.keys(geometries).length === 1) {
+             _geometry = Object.keys(geometries)[0];
+           }
 
-           function renderDisclosureContent(selection) {
-             // enter
-             let privacyOptionsListEnter = selection.selectAll('.privacy-options-list')
-               .data([0])
-               .enter()
-               .append('ul')
-               .attr('class', 'layer-list privacy-options-list');
-
-             let thirdPartyIconsEnter = privacyOptionsListEnter
-               .append('li')
-               .attr('class', 'privacy-third-party-icons-item')
-               .append('label')
-               .call(uiTooltip()
-                 .title(_t('preferences.privacy.third_party_icons.tooltip'))
-                 .placement('bottom')
-               );
+           _waysAmount = _ways.length === 1 ? 'single' : 'multiple';
+         }
 
-             thirdPartyIconsEnter
-               .append('input')
-               .attr('type', 'checkbox')
-               .on('change', () => {
-                 event.preventDefault();
-                 _showThirdPartyIcons = (_showThirdPartyIcons === 'true') ? 'false' : 'true';
-                 corePreferences('preferences.privacy.thirdpartyicons', _showThirdPartyIcons);
-                 update();
-               });
+         var operation = function operation() {
+           var difference = context.perform(_action, operation.annotation()); // select both the nodes and the ways so the mapper can immediately disconnect them if desired
 
-             thirdPartyIconsEnter
-               .append('span')
-               .text(_t('preferences.privacy.third_party_icons.description'));
+           var idsToSelect = _vertexIds.concat(difference.extantIDs().filter(function (id) {
+             // filter out relations that may have had member additions
+             return context.entity(id).type === 'way';
+           }));
 
+           context.enter(modeSelect(context, idsToSelect));
+         };
 
-             // Privacy Policy link
-             selection.selectAll('.privacy-link')
-               .data([0])
-               .enter()
-               .append('div')
-               .attr('class', 'privacy-link')
-               .append('a')
-               .attr('target', '_blank')
-               .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-out-link', 'inline'))
-               .attr('href', 'https://github.com/openstreetmap/iD/blob/release/PRIVACY.md')
-               .append('span')
-               .text(_t('preferences.privacy.privacy_link'));
+         operation.relatedEntityIds = function () {
+           return _selectedWayIds.length ? [] : _ways.map(function (way) {
+             return way.id;
+           });
+         };
 
-             update();
+         operation.available = function () {
+           return _isAvailable;
+         };
 
+         operation.disabled = function () {
+           var reason = _action.disabled(context.graph());
 
-             function update() {
-               selection.selectAll('.privacy-third-party-icons-item')
-                 .classed('active', (_showThirdPartyIcons === 'true'))
-                 .select('input')
-                 .property('checked', (_showThirdPartyIcons === 'true'));
-             }
+           if (reason) {
+             return reason;
+           } else if (selectedIDs.some(context.hasHiddenConnections)) {
+             return 'connected_to_hidden';
            }
 
-           return section;
-       }
+           return false;
+         };
 
-       function uiPanePreferences(context) {
+         operation.tooltip = function () {
+           var disable = operation.disabled();
+           if (disable) return _t('operations.split.' + disable);
+           return _t('operations.split.description.' + _geometry + '.' + _waysAmount + '.' + _nodesAmount + '_node');
+         };
 
-         let preferencesPane = uiPane('preferences', context)
-           .key(_t('preferences.key'))
-           .title(_t('preferences.title'))
-           .description(_t('preferences.description'))
-           .iconName('fas-user-cog')
-           .sections([
-               uiSectionPrivacy(context)
-           ]);
+         operation.annotation = function () {
+           return _t('operations.split.annotation.' + _geometry, {
+             n: _ways.length
+           });
+         };
 
-         return preferencesPane;
+         operation.id = 'split';
+         operation.keys = [_t('operations.split.key')];
+         operation.title = _t('operations.split.title');
+         operation.behavior = behaviorOperation(context).which(operation);
+         return operation;
        }
 
-       function uiInit(context) {
-           var _initCounter = 0;
-           var _needWidth = {};
-
-           var _lastPointerType;
+       function operationStraighten(context, selectedIDs) {
+         var _wayIDs = selectedIDs.filter(function (id) {
+           return id.charAt(0) === 'w';
+         });
 
+         var _nodeIDs = selectedIDs.filter(function (id) {
+           return id.charAt(0) === 'n';
+         });
 
-           function render(container) {
+         var _amount = (_wayIDs.length ? _wayIDs : _nodeIDs).length === 1 ? 'single' : 'multiple';
 
-               container
-                   .on('click.ui', function() {
-                       // we're only concerned with the primary mouse button
-                       if (event.button !== 0) return;
+         var _nodes = utilGetAllNodes(selectedIDs, context.graph());
 
-                       if (!event.composedPath) return;
+         var _coords = _nodes.map(function (n) {
+           return n.loc;
+         });
 
-                       // some targets have default click events we don't want to override
-                       var isOkayTarget = event.composedPath().some(function(node) {
-                           // clicking <label> affects its <input> by default
-                           return node.nodeName === 'LABEL' ||
-                               // clicking <a> opens a hyperlink by default
-                               node.nodeName === 'A';
-                       });
-                       if (isOkayTarget) return;
+         var _extent = utilTotalExtent(selectedIDs, context.graph());
 
-                       // disable double-tap-to-zoom on touchscreens
-                       event.preventDefault();
-                   });
+         var _action = chooseAction();
 
-               var detected = utilDetect();
+         var _geometry;
 
-               // only WebKit supports gesture events
-               if ('GestureEvent' in window &&
-                   // Listening for gesture events on iOS 13.4+ breaks double-tapping,
-                   // but we only need to do this on desktop Safari anyway. – #7694
-                   !detected.isMobileWebKit) {
+         function chooseAction() {
+           // straighten selected nodes
+           if (_wayIDs.length === 0 && _nodeIDs.length > 2) {
+             _geometry = 'point';
+             return actionStraightenNodes(_nodeIDs, context.projection); // straighten selected ways (possibly between range of 2 selected nodes)
+           } else if (_wayIDs.length > 0 && (_nodeIDs.length === 0 || _nodeIDs.length === 2)) {
+             var startNodeIDs = [];
+             var endNodeIDs = [];
 
-                   // On iOS we disable pinch-to-zoom of the UI via the `touch-action`
-                   // CSS property, but on desktop Safari we need to manually cancel the
-                   // default gesture events.
-                   container.on('gesturestart.ui gesturechange.ui gestureend.ui', function() {
-                       // disable pinch-to-zoom of the UI via multitouch trackpads on macOS Safari
-                       event.preventDefault();
-                   });
-               }
+             for (var i = 0; i < selectedIDs.length; i++) {
+               var entity = context.entity(selectedIDs[i]);
 
-               if ('PointerEvent' in window) {
-                   select(window)
-                       .on('pointerdown.ui pointerup.ui', function() {
-                           var pointerType = event.pointerType || 'mouse';
-                           if (_lastPointerType !== pointerType) {
-                               _lastPointerType = pointerType;
-                               container
-                                   .attr('pointer', pointerType);
-                           }
-                       }, true);
-               } else {
-                   _lastPointerType = 'mouse';
-                   container
-                       .attr('pointer', 'mouse');
+               if (entity.type === 'node') {
+                 continue;
+               } else if (entity.type !== 'way' || entity.isClosed()) {
+                 return null; // exit early, can't straighten these
                }
 
-               container
-                   .attr('dir', _mainLocalizer.textDirection());
+               startNodeIDs.push(entity.first());
+               endNodeIDs.push(entity.last());
+             } // Remove duplicate end/startNodeIDs (duplicate nodes cannot be at the line end)
 
-               // setup fullscreen keybindings (no button shown at this time)
-               container
-                   .call(uiFullScreen(context));
 
-               var map = context.map();
-               map.redrawEnable(false);  // don't draw until we've set zoom/lat/long
-
-               map
-                   .on('hitMinZoom.ui', function() {
-                       ui.flash.text(_t('cannot_zoom'))();
-                   });
-
-               container
-                   .append('svg')
-                   .attr('id', 'ideditor-defs')
-                   .call(svgDefs(context));
+             startNodeIDs = startNodeIDs.filter(function (n) {
+               return startNodeIDs.indexOf(n) === startNodeIDs.lastIndexOf(n);
+             });
+             endNodeIDs = endNodeIDs.filter(function (n) {
+               return endNodeIDs.indexOf(n) === endNodeIDs.lastIndexOf(n);
+             }); // Ensure all ways are connected (i.e. only 2 unique endpoints/startpoints)
 
-               container
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'sidebar')
-                   .call(ui.sidebar);
+             if (utilArrayDifference(startNodeIDs, endNodeIDs).length + utilArrayDifference(endNodeIDs, startNodeIDs).length !== 2) return null; // Ensure path contains at least 3 unique nodes
 
-               var content = container
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'main-content active');
+             var wayNodeIDs = utilGetAllNodes(_wayIDs, context.graph()).map(function (node) {
+               return node.id;
+             });
+             if (wayNodeIDs.length <= 2) return null; // If range of 2 selected nodes is supplied, ensure nodes lie on the selected path
 
-               // Top toolbar
-               content
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'top-toolbar-wrap')
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'top-toolbar fillD')
-                   .call(uiTopToolbar(context));
+             if (_nodeIDs.length === 2 && (wayNodeIDs.indexOf(_nodeIDs[0]) === -1 || wayNodeIDs.indexOf(_nodeIDs[1]) === -1)) return null;
 
-               content
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'main-map')
-                   .attr('dir', 'ltr')
-                   .call(map);
+             if (_nodeIDs.length) {
+               // If we're only straightenting between two points, we only need that extent visible
+               _extent = utilTotalExtent(_nodeIDs, context.graph());
+             }
 
-               content
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'spinner')
-                   .call(uiSpinner(context));
+             _geometry = 'line';
+             return actionStraightenWay(selectedIDs, context.projection);
+           }
 
-               // Add attribution and footer
-               var about = content
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'map-footer');
+           return null;
+         }
 
-               about
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'attribution-wrap')
-                   .attr('dir', 'ltr')
-                   .call(uiAttribution(context));
+         function operation() {
+           if (!_action) return;
+           context.perform(_action, operation.annotation());
+           window.setTimeout(function () {
+             context.validator().validate();
+           }, 300); // after any transition
+         }
 
-               about
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'api-status')
-                   .call(uiStatus(context));
+         operation.available = function () {
+           return Boolean(_action);
+         };
 
+         operation.disabled = function () {
+           var reason = _action.disabled(context.graph());
 
-               var footer = about
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'map-footer-bar fillD');
+           if (reason) {
+             return reason;
+           } else if (_extent.percentContainedIn(context.map().extent()) < 0.8) {
+             return 'too_large';
+           } else if (someMissing()) {
+             return 'not_downloaded';
+           } else if (selectedIDs.some(context.hasHiddenConnections)) {
+             return 'connected_to_hidden';
+           }
 
-               footer
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'flash-wrap footer-hide');
+           return false;
 
-               var footerWrap = footer
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'main-footer-wrap footer-show');
+           function someMissing() {
+             if (context.inIntro()) return false;
+             var osm = context.connection();
 
-               footerWrap
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'scale-block')
-                   .call(uiScale(context));
+             if (osm) {
+               var missing = _coords.filter(function (loc) {
+                 return !osm.isDataLoaded(loc);
+               });
 
-               var aboutList = footerWrap
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'info-block')
-                   .append('ul')
-                   .attr('class', 'map-footer-list');
-
-               if (!context.embed()) {
-                   aboutList
-                       .call(uiAccount(context));
-               }
-
-               aboutList
-                   .append('li')
-                   .attr('class', 'version')
-                   .call(uiVersion(context));
-
-               var issueLinks = aboutList
-                   .append('li');
-
-               issueLinks
-                   .append('a')
-                   .attr('target', '_blank')
-                   .attr('href', 'https://github.com/openstreetmap/iD/issues')
-                   .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-bug', 'light'))
-                   .call(uiTooltip().title(_t('report_a_bug')).placement('top'));
-
-               issueLinks
-                   .append('a')
-                   .attr('target', '_blank')
-                   .attr('href', 'https://github.com/openstreetmap/iD/blob/develop/CONTRIBUTING.md#translating')
-                   .call(svgIcon('#iD-icon-translate', 'light'))
-                   .call(uiTooltip().title(_t('help_translate')).placement('top'));
-
-               aboutList
-                   .append('li')
-                   .attr('class', 'feature-warning')
-                   .attr('tabindex', -1)
-                   .call(uiFeatureInfo(context));
-
-               aboutList
-                   .append('li')
-                   .attr('class', 'issues-info')
-                   .attr('tabindex', -1)
-                   .call(uiIssuesInfo(context));
-
-               var apiConnections = context.apiConnections();
-               if (apiConnections && apiConnections.length > 1) {
-                   aboutList
-                       .append('li')
-                       .attr('class', 'source-switch')
-                       .attr('tabindex', -1)
-                       .call(uiSourceSwitch(context)
-                           .keys(apiConnections)
-                       );
+               if (missing.length) {
+                 missing.forEach(function (loc) {
+                   context.loadTileAtLoc(loc);
+                 });
+                 return true;
                }
+             }
 
-               aboutList
-                   .append('li')
-                   .attr('class', 'user-list')
-                   .attr('tabindex', -1)
-                   .call(uiContributors(context));
-
+             return false;
+           }
+         };
 
-               // Setup map dimensions and move map to initial center/zoom.
-               // This should happen after .main-content and toolbars exist.
-               ui.onResize();
-               map.redrawEnable(true);
+         operation.tooltip = function () {
+           var disable = operation.disabled();
+           return disable ? _t('operations.straighten.' + disable + '.' + _amount) : _t('operations.straighten.description.' + _geometry + (_wayIDs.length === 1 ? '' : 's'));
+         };
 
-               ui.hash = behaviorHash(context);
-               ui.hash();
-               if (!ui.hash.hadHash) {
-                   map.centerZoom([0, 0], 2);
-               }
+         operation.annotation = function () {
+           return _t('operations.straighten.annotation.' + _geometry, {
+             n: _wayIDs.length ? _wayIDs.length : _nodeIDs.length
+           });
+         };
 
+         operation.id = 'straighten';
+         operation.keys = [_t('operations.straighten.key')];
+         operation.title = _t('operations.straighten.title');
+         operation.behavior = behaviorOperation(context).which(operation);
+         return operation;
+       }
 
-               var overMap = content
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'over-map');
+       var Operations = /*#__PURE__*/Object.freeze({
+               __proto__: null,
+               operationCircularize: operationCircularize,
+               operationContinue: operationContinue,
+               operationCopy: operationCopy,
+               operationDelete: operationDelete,
+               operationDisconnect: operationDisconnect,
+               operationDowngrade: operationDowngrade,
+               operationExtract: operationExtract,
+               operationMerge: operationMerge,
+               operationMove: operationMove,
+               operationOrthogonalize: operationOrthogonalize,
+               operationPaste: operationPaste,
+               operationReflectShort: operationReflectShort,
+               operationReflectLong: operationReflectLong,
+               operationReverse: operationReverse,
+               operationRotate: operationRotate,
+               operationSplit: operationSplit,
+               operationStraighten: operationStraighten
+       });
 
-               // Map controls
-               var controls = overMap
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'map-controls');
+       function modeSelect(context, selectedIDs) {
+         var mode = {
+           id: 'select',
+           button: 'browse'
+         };
+         var keybinding = utilKeybinding('select');
 
-               controls
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'map-control zoombuttons')
-                   .call(uiZoom(context));
+         var _breatheBehavior = behaviorBreathe();
 
-               controls
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'map-control zoom-to-selection-control')
-                   .call(uiZoomToSelection(context));
+         var _modeDragNode = modeDragNode(context);
 
-               controls
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'map-control geolocate-control')
-                   .call(uiGeolocate(context));
+         var _selectBehavior;
 
-               // Add panes
-               // This should happen after map is initialized, as some require surface()
-               var panes = overMap
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'map-panes');
-
-               var uiPanes = [
-                   uiPaneBackground(context),
-                   uiPaneMapData(context),
-                   uiPaneIssues(context),
-                   uiPanePreferences(context),
-                   uiPaneHelp(context)
-               ];
+         var _behaviors = [];
+         var _operations = [];
+         var _newFeature = false;
+         var _follow = false; // `_focusedParentWayId` is used when we visit a vertex with multiple
+         // parents, and we want to remember which parent line we started on.
 
-               uiPanes.forEach(function(pane) {
-                   controls
-                       .append('div')
-                       .attr('class', 'map-control map-pane-control ' + pane.id + '-control')
-                       .call(pane.renderToggleButton);
+         var _focusedParentWayId;
 
-                   panes
-                       .call(pane.renderPane);
-               });
+         var _focusedVertexIds;
 
-               ui.info = uiInfo(context);
+         function singular() {
+           if (selectedIDs && selectedIDs.length === 1) {
+             return context.hasEntity(selectedIDs[0]);
+           }
+         }
 
-               // Add absolutely-positioned elements that sit on top of the map
-               // This should happen after the map is ready (center/zoom)
-               overMap
-                   .call(uiMapInMap(context))
-                   .call(ui.info)
-                   .call(uiNotice(context));
+         function selectedEntities() {
+           return selectedIDs.map(function (id) {
+             return context.hasEntity(id);
+           }).filter(Boolean);
+         }
 
+         function checkSelectedIDs() {
+           var ids = [];
 
-               overMap
-                   .append('div')
-                   .attr('class', 'photoviewer')
-                   .classed('al', true)       // 'al'=left,  'ar'=right
-                   .classed('hide', true)
-                   .call(ui.photoviewer);
+           if (Array.isArray(selectedIDs)) {
+             ids = selectedIDs.filter(function (id) {
+               return context.hasEntity(id);
+             });
+           }
 
+           if (!ids.length) {
+             context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+             return false;
+           } else if (selectedIDs.length > 1 && ids.length === 1 || selectedIDs.length === 1 && ids.length > 1) {
+             // switch between single- and multi-select UI
+             context.enter(modeSelect(context, ids));
+             return false;
+           }
 
-               // Bind events
-               window.onbeforeunload = function() {
-                   return context.save();
-               };
-               window.onunload = function() {
-                   context.history().unlock();
-               };
+           selectedIDs = ids;
+           return true;
+         } // find the parent ways for nextVertex, previousVertex, and selectParent
 
-               select(window)
-                   .on('resize.editor', ui.onResize);
-
-
-               var panPixels = 80;
-               context.keybinding()
-                   .on('⌫', function() { event.preventDefault(); })
-                   .on([_t('sidebar.key'), '`', '²', '@'], ui.sidebar.toggle)   // #5663, #6864 - common QWERTY, AZERTY
-                   .on('←', pan([panPixels, 0]))
-                   .on('↑', pan([0, panPixels]))
-                   .on('→', pan([-panPixels, 0]))
-                   .on('↓', pan([0, -panPixels]))
-                   .on(uiCmd('⌘←'), pan([map.dimensions()[0], 0]))
-                   .on(uiCmd('⌘↑'), pan([0, map.dimensions()[1]]))
-                   .on(uiCmd('⌘→'), pan([-map.dimensions()[0], 0]))
-                   .on(uiCmd('⌘↓'), pan([0, -map.dimensions()[1]]))
-                   .on(uiCmd('⌘' + _t('background.key')), function quickSwitch() {
-                       if (event) {
-                           event.stopImmediatePropagation();
-                           event.preventDefault();
-                       }
-                       var previousBackground = context.background().findSource(corePreferences('background-last-used-toggle'));
-                       if (previousBackground) {
-                           var currentBackground = context.background().baseLayerSource();
-                           corePreferences('background-last-used-toggle', currentBackground.id);
-                           corePreferences('background-last-used', previousBackground.id);
-                           context.background().baseLayerSource(previousBackground);
-                       }
-                   })
-                   .on(_t('area_fill.wireframe.key'), function toggleWireframe() {
-                       event.preventDefault();
-                       event.stopPropagation();
-                       context.map().toggleWireframe();
-                   })
-                   .on(uiCmd('⌥' + _t('area_fill.wireframe.key')), function toggleOsmData() {
-                       event.preventDefault();
-                       event.stopPropagation();
-
-                       // Don't allow layer changes while drawing - #6584
-                       var mode = context.mode();
-                       if (mode && /^draw/.test(mode.id)) return;
-
-                       var layer = context.layers().layer('osm');
-                       if (layer) {
-                           layer.enabled(!layer.enabled());
-                           if (!layer.enabled()) {
-                               context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
-                           }
-                       }
-                   })
-                   .on(_t('map_data.highlight_edits.key'), function toggleHighlightEdited() {
-                       event.preventDefault();
-                       context.map().toggleHighlightEdited();
-                   });
 
-               context
-                   .on('enter.editor', function(entered) {
-                       container
-                           .classed('mode-' + entered.id, true);
-                   })
-                   .on('exit.editor', function(exited) {
-                       container
-                           .classed('mode-' + exited.id, false);
-                   });
+         function parentWaysIdsOfSelection(onlyCommonParents) {
+           var graph = context.graph();
+           var parents = [];
 
-               context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+           for (var i = 0; i < selectedIDs.length; i++) {
+             var entity = context.hasEntity(selectedIDs[i]);
 
-               if (!_initCounter++) {
-                   if (!ui.hash.startWalkthrough) {
-                       context.container()
-                           .call(uiSplash(context))
-                           .call(uiRestore(context));
-                   }
+             if (!entity || entity.geometry(graph) !== 'vertex') {
+               return []; // selection includes some non-vertices
+             }
 
-                   context.container()
-                       .call(uiShortcuts(context));
-               }
+             var currParents = graph.parentWays(entity).map(function (w) {
+               return w.id;
+             });
 
-               var osm = context.connection();
-               var auth = uiLoading(context).message(_t('loading_auth')).blocking(true);
+             if (!parents.length) {
+               parents = currParents;
+               continue;
+             }
 
-               if (osm && auth) {
-                   osm
-                       .on('authLoading.ui', function() {
-                           context.container()
-                               .call(auth);
-                       })
-                       .on('authDone.ui', function() {
-                           auth.close();
-                       });
-               }
+             parents = (onlyCommonParents ? utilArrayIntersection : utilArrayUnion)(parents, currParents);
 
-               _initCounter++;
+             if (!parents.length) {
+               return [];
+             }
+           }
 
-               if (ui.hash.startWalkthrough) {
-                   ui.hash.startWalkthrough = false;
-                   context.container().call(uiIntro(context));
-               }
+           return parents;
+         } // find the child nodes for selected ways
 
 
-               function pan(d) {
-                   return function() {
-                       if (event.shiftKey) return;
-                       if (context.container().select('.combobox').size()) return;
-                       event.preventDefault();
-                       context.map().pan(d, 100);
-                   };
-               }
+         function childNodeIdsOfSelection(onlyCommon) {
+           var graph = context.graph();
+           var childs = [];
 
-           }
+           for (var i = 0; i < selectedIDs.length; i++) {
+             var entity = context.hasEntity(selectedIDs[i]);
 
+             if (!entity || !['area', 'line'].includes(entity.geometry(graph))) {
+               return []; // selection includes non-area/non-line
+             }
 
-           let ui = {};
+             var currChilds = graph.childNodes(entity).map(function (node) {
+               return node.id;
+             });
 
-           let _loadPromise;
-           // renders the iD interface into the container node
-           ui.ensureLoaded = () => {
+             if (!childs.length) {
+               childs = currChilds;
+               continue;
+             }
 
-               if (_loadPromise) return _loadPromise;
+             childs = (onlyCommon ? utilArrayIntersection : utilArrayUnion)(childs, currChilds);
 
-               return _loadPromise = Promise.all([
-                       // must have strings and presets before loading the UI
-                       _mainLocalizer.ensureLoaded(),
-                       _mainPresetIndex.ensureLoaded()
-                   ])
-                   .then(() => {
-                       if (!context.container().empty()) render(context.container());
-                   })
-                   .catch(err => console.error(err));  // eslint-disable-line
-           };
+             if (!childs.length) {
+               return [];
+             }
+           }
 
+           return childs;
+         }
 
-           // `ui.restart()` will destroy and rebuild the entire iD interface,
-           // for example to switch the locale while iD is running.
-           ui.restart = function() {
-               context.keybinding().clear();
+         function checkFocusedParent() {
+           if (_focusedParentWayId) {
+             var parents = parentWaysIdsOfSelection(true);
+             if (parents.indexOf(_focusedParentWayId) === -1) _focusedParentWayId = null;
+           }
+         }
 
-               _loadPromise = null;
+         function parentWayIdForVertexNavigation() {
+           var parentIds = parentWaysIdsOfSelection(true);
 
-               context.container().selectAll('*').remove();
+           if (_focusedParentWayId && parentIds.indexOf(_focusedParentWayId) !== -1) {
+             // prefer the previously seen parent
+             return _focusedParentWayId;
+           }
 
-               ui.ensureLoaded();
-           };
+           return parentIds.length ? parentIds[0] : null;
+         }
 
-           ui.lastPointerType = function() {
-               return _lastPointerType;
-           };
+         mode.selectedIDs = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return selectedIDs;
+           selectedIDs = val;
+           return mode;
+         };
 
-           ui.flash = uiFlash(context);
+         mode.zoomToSelected = function () {
+           context.map().zoomToEase(selectedEntities());
+         };
 
-           ui.sidebar = uiSidebar(context);
+         mode.newFeature = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _newFeature;
+           _newFeature = val;
+           return mode;
+         };
 
-           ui.photoviewer = uiPhotoviewer(context);
+         mode.selectBehavior = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _selectBehavior;
+           _selectBehavior = val;
+           return mode;
+         };
 
-           ui.onResize = function(withPan) {
-               var map = context.map();
+         mode.follow = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _follow;
+           _follow = val;
+           return mode;
+         };
 
-               // Recalc dimensions of map and sidebar.. (`true` = force recalc)
-               // This will call `getBoundingClientRect` and trigger reflow,
-               //  but the values will be cached for later use.
-               var mapDimensions = utilGetDimensions(context.container().select('.main-content'), true);
-               utilGetDimensions(context.container().select('.sidebar'), true);
+         function loadOperations() {
+           _operations.forEach(function (operation) {
+             if (operation.behavior) {
+               context.uninstall(operation.behavior);
+             }
+           });
 
-               if (withPan !== undefined) {
-                   map.redrawEnable(false);
-                   map.pan(withPan);
-                   map.redrawEnable(true);
-               }
-               map.dimensions(mapDimensions);
+           _operations = Object.values(Operations).map(function (o) {
+             return o(context, selectedIDs);
+           }).filter(function (o) {
+             return o.id !== 'delete' && o.id !== 'downgrade' && o.id !== 'copy';
+           }).concat([// group copy/downgrade/delete operation together at the end of the list
+           operationCopy(context, selectedIDs), operationDowngrade(context, selectedIDs), operationDelete(context, selectedIDs)]).filter(function (operation) {
+             return operation.available();
+           });
 
-               ui.photoviewer.onMapResize();
+           _operations.forEach(function (operation) {
+             if (operation.behavior) {
+               context.install(operation.behavior);
+             }
+           }); // remove any displayed menu
 
-               // check if header or footer have overflowed
-               ui.checkOverflow('.top-toolbar');
-               ui.checkOverflow('.map-footer-bar');
 
-               // Use outdated code so it works on Explorer
-               var resizeWindowEvent = document.createEvent('Event');
+           context.ui().closeEditMenu();
+         }
 
-               resizeWindowEvent.initEvent('resizeWindow', true, true);
+         mode.operations = function () {
+           return _operations;
+         };
 
-               document.dispatchEvent(resizeWindowEvent);
-           };
+         mode.enter = function () {
+           if (!checkSelectedIDs()) return;
+           context.features().forceVisible(selectedIDs);
 
+           _modeDragNode.restoreSelectedIDs(selectedIDs);
 
-           // Call checkOverflow when resizing or whenever the contents change.
-           ui.checkOverflow = function(selector, reset) {
-               if (reset) {
-                   delete _needWidth[selector];
-               }
+           loadOperations();
 
-               var element = select(selector);
-               var scrollWidth = element.property('scrollWidth');
-               var clientWidth = element.property('clientWidth');
-               var needed = _needWidth[selector] || scrollWidth;
+           if (!_behaviors.length) {
+             if (!_selectBehavior) _selectBehavior = behaviorSelect(context);
+             _behaviors = [behaviorPaste(context), _breatheBehavior, behaviorHover(context).on('hover', context.ui().sidebar.hoverModeSelect), _selectBehavior, behaviorLasso(context), _modeDragNode.behavior, modeDragNote(context).behavior];
+           }
 
-               if (scrollWidth > clientWidth) {    // overflow happening
-                   element.classed('narrow', true);
-                   if (!_needWidth[selector]) {
-                       _needWidth[selector] = scrollWidth;
-                   }
+           _behaviors.forEach(context.install);
 
-               } else if (scrollWidth >= needed) {
-                   element.classed('narrow', false);
-               }
-           };
+           keybinding.on(_t('inspector.zoom_to.key'), mode.zoomToSelected).on(['[', 'pgup'], previousVertex).on([']', 'pgdown'], nextVertex).on(['{', uiCmd('⌘['), 'home'], firstVertex).on(['}', uiCmd('⌘]'), 'end'], lastVertex).on(uiCmd('⇧←'), nudgeSelection([-10, 0])).on(uiCmd('⇧↑'), nudgeSelection([0, -10])).on(uiCmd('⇧→'), nudgeSelection([10, 0])).on(uiCmd('⇧↓'), nudgeSelection([0, 10])).on(uiCmd('⇧⌥←'), nudgeSelection([-100, 0])).on(uiCmd('⇧⌥↑'), nudgeSelection([0, -100])).on(uiCmd('⇧⌥→'), nudgeSelection([100, 0])).on(uiCmd('⇧⌥↓'), nudgeSelection([0, 100])).on(utilKeybinding.plusKeys.map(function (key) {
+             return uiCmd('⇧' + key);
+           }), scaleSelection(1.05)).on(utilKeybinding.plusKeys.map(function (key) {
+             return uiCmd('⇧⌥' + key);
+           }), scaleSelection(Math.pow(1.05, 5))).on(utilKeybinding.minusKeys.map(function (key) {
+             return uiCmd('⇧' + key);
+           }), scaleSelection(1 / 1.05)).on(utilKeybinding.minusKeys.map(function (key) {
+             return uiCmd('⇧⌥' + key);
+           }), scaleSelection(1 / Math.pow(1.05, 5))).on(['\\', 'pause'], focusNextParent).on(uiCmd('⌘↑'), selectParent).on(uiCmd('⌘↓'), selectChild).on('⎋', esc, true);
+           select(document).call(keybinding);
+           context.ui().sidebar.select(selectedIDs, _newFeature);
+           context.history().on('change.select', function () {
+             loadOperations(); // reselect after change in case relation members were removed or added
 
-           ui.togglePanes = function(showPane) {
-               var shownPanes = context.container().selectAll('.map-pane.shown');
+             selectElements();
+           }).on('undone.select', checkSelectedIDs).on('redone.select', checkSelectedIDs);
+           context.map().on('drawn.select', selectElements).on('crossEditableZoom.select', function () {
+             selectElements();
 
-               var side = _mainLocalizer.textDirection() === 'ltr' ? 'right' : 'left';
+             _breatheBehavior.restartIfNeeded(context.surface());
+           });
+           context.map().doubleUpHandler().on('doubleUp.modeSelect', didDoubleUp);
+           selectElements();
 
-               shownPanes
-                   .classed('shown', false);
+           if (_follow) {
+             var extent = geoExtent();
+             var graph = context.graph();
+             selectedIDs.forEach(function (id) {
+               var entity = context.entity(id);
 
-               context.container().selectAll('.map-pane-control button')
-                   .classed('active', false);
+               extent._extend(entity.extent(graph));
+             });
+             var loc = extent.center();
+             context.map().centerEase(loc); // we could enter the mode multiple times, so reset follow for next time
 
-               if (showPane) {
-                   shownPanes
-                       .style('display', 'none')
-                       .style(side, '-500px');
+             _follow = false;
+           }
 
-                   context.container().selectAll('.' + showPane.attr('pane') + '-control button')
-                       .classed('active', true);
+           function nudgeSelection(delta) {
+             return function () {
+               // prevent nudging during low zoom selection
+               if (!context.map().withinEditableZoom()) return;
+               var moveOp = operationMove(context, selectedIDs);
 
-                   showPane
-                       .classed('shown', true)
-                       .style('display', 'block');
-                   if (shownPanes.empty()) {
-                       showPane
-                           .style('display', 'block')
-                           .style(side, '-500px')
-                           .transition()
-                           .duration(200)
-                           .style(side, '0px');
-                   } else {
-                       showPane
-                           .style(side, '0px');
-                   }
+               if (moveOp.disabled()) {
+                 context.ui().flash.duration(4000).iconName('#iD-operation-' + moveOp.id).iconClass('operation disabled').label(moveOp.tooltip)();
                } else {
-                   shownPanes
-                       .style('display', 'block')
-                       .style(side, '0px')
-                       .transition()
-                       .duration(200)
-                       .style(side, '-500px')
-                       .on('end', function() {
-                           select(this).style('display', 'none');
-                       });
+                 context.perform(actionMove(selectedIDs, delta, context.projection), moveOp.annotation());
+                 context.validator().validate();
                }
-           };
-
+             };
+           }
 
-           var _editMenu = uiEditMenu(context);
+           function scaleSelection(factor) {
+             return function () {
+               // prevent scaling during low zoom selection
+               if (!context.map().withinEditableZoom()) return;
+               var nodes = utilGetAllNodes(selectedIDs, context.graph());
+               var isUp = factor > 1; // can only scale if multiple nodes are selected
 
-           ui.editMenu = function() {
-               return _editMenu;
-           };
+               if (nodes.length <= 1) return;
+               var extent = utilTotalExtent(selectedIDs, context.graph()); // These disabled checks would normally be handled by an operation
+               // object, but we don't want an actual scale operation at this point.
 
-           ui.showEditMenu = function(anchorPoint, triggerType, operations) {
+               function scalingDisabled() {
+                 if (tooSmall()) {
+                   return 'too_small';
+                 } else if (extent.percentContainedIn(context.map().extent()) < 0.8) {
+                   return 'too_large';
+                 } else if (someMissing() || selectedIDs.some(incompleteRelation)) {
+                   return 'not_downloaded';
+                 } else if (selectedIDs.some(context.hasHiddenConnections)) {
+                   return 'connected_to_hidden';
+                 }
 
-               // remove any displayed menu
-               ui.closeEditMenu();
+                 return false;
 
-               if (!operations && context.mode().operations) operations = context.mode().operations();
-               if (!operations || !operations.length) return;
+                 function tooSmall() {
+                   if (isUp) return false;
+                   var dLon = Math.abs(extent[1][0] - extent[0][0]);
+                   var dLat = Math.abs(extent[1][1] - extent[0][1]);
+                   return dLon < geoMetersToLon(1, extent[1][1]) && dLat < geoMetersToLat(1);
+                 }
 
-               // disable menu if in wide selection, for example
-               if (!context.map().editableDataEnabled()) return;
+                 function someMissing() {
+                   if (context.inIntro()) return false;
+                   var osm = context.connection();
 
-               var surfaceNode = context.surface().node();
-               if (surfaceNode.focus) {   // FF doesn't support it
-                   // focus the surface or else clicking off the menu may not trigger modeBrowse
-                   surfaceNode.focus();
-               }
+                   if (osm) {
+                     var missing = nodes.filter(function (n) {
+                       return !osm.isDataLoaded(n.loc);
+                     });
 
-               operations.forEach(function(operation) {
-                   if (operation.point) operation.point(anchorPoint);
-               });
+                     if (missing.length) {
+                       missing.forEach(function (loc) {
+                         context.loadTileAtLoc(loc);
+                       });
+                       return true;
+                     }
+                   }
 
-               _editMenu
-                   .anchorLoc(anchorPoint)
-                   .triggerType(triggerType)
-                   .operations(operations);
+                   return false;
+                 }
 
-               // render the menu
-               context.map().supersurface.call(_editMenu);
-           };
+                 function incompleteRelation(id) {
+                   var entity = context.entity(id);
+                   return entity.type === 'relation' && !entity.isComplete(context.graph());
+                 }
+               }
 
-           ui.closeEditMenu = function() {
-               // remove any existing menu no matter how it was added
-               context.map().supersurface
-                   .select('.edit-menu').remove();
-           };
+               var disabled = scalingDisabled();
 
+               if (disabled) {
+                 var multi = selectedIDs.length === 1 ? 'single' : 'multiple';
+                 context.ui().flash.duration(4000).iconName('#iD-icon-no').iconClass('operation disabled').label(_t('operations.scale.' + disabled + '.' + multi))();
+               } else {
+                 var pivot = context.projection(extent.center());
+                 var annotation = _t('operations.scale.annotation.' + (isUp ? 'up' : 'down') + '.feature', {
+                   n: selectedIDs.length
+                 });
+                 context.perform(actionScale(selectedIDs, pivot, factor, context.projection), annotation);
+                 context.validator().validate();
+               }
+             };
+           }
 
-           var _saveLoading = select(null);
+           function didDoubleUp(d3_event, loc) {
+             if (!context.map().withinEditableZoom()) return;
+             var target = select(d3_event.target);
+             var datum = target.datum();
+             var entity = datum && datum.properties && datum.properties.entity;
+             if (!entity) return;
 
-           context.uploader()
-               .on('saveStarted.ui', function() {
-                   _saveLoading = uiLoading(context)
-                       .message(_t('save.uploading'))
-                       .blocking(true);
-                   context.container().call(_saveLoading);  // block input during upload
-               })
-               .on('saveEnded.ui', function() {
-                   _saveLoading.close();
-                   _saveLoading = select(null);
-               });
+             if (entity instanceof osmWay && target.classed('target')) {
+               var choice = geoChooseEdge(context.graph().childNodes(entity), loc, context.projection);
+               var prev = entity.nodes[choice.index - 1];
+               var next = entity.nodes[choice.index];
+               context.perform(actionAddMidpoint({
+                 loc: choice.loc,
+                 edge: [prev, next]
+               }, osmNode()), _t('operations.add.annotation.vertex'));
+             } else if (entity.type === 'midpoint') {
+               context.perform(actionAddMidpoint({
+                 loc: entity.loc,
+                 edge: entity.edge
+               }, osmNode()), _t('operations.add.annotation.vertex'));
+             }
+           }
 
-           return ui;
-       }
+           function selectElements() {
+             if (!checkSelectedIDs()) return;
+             var surface = context.surface();
+             surface.selectAll('.selected-member').classed('selected-member', false);
+             surface.selectAll('.selected').classed('selected', false);
+             surface.selectAll('.related').classed('related', false); // reload `_focusedParentWayId` based on the current selection
 
-       function coreContext() {
-         const dispatch$1 = dispatch('enter', 'exit', 'change');
-         let context = utilRebind({}, dispatch$1, 'on');
-         let _deferred = new Set();
+             checkFocusedParent();
 
-         context.version = '2.18.1';
-         context.privacyVersion = '20200407';
+             if (_focusedParentWayId) {
+               surface.selectAll(utilEntitySelector([_focusedParentWayId])).classed('related', true);
+             }
 
-         // iD will alter the hash so cache the parameters intended to setup the session
-         context.initialHashParams = window.location.hash ? utilStringQs(window.location.hash) : {};
+             if (context.map().withinEditableZoom()) {
+               // Apply selection styling if not in wide selection
+               surface.selectAll(utilDeepMemberSelector(selectedIDs, context.graph(), true
+               /* skipMultipolgonMembers */
+               )).classed('selected-member', true);
+               surface.selectAll(utilEntityOrDeepMemberSelector(selectedIDs, context.graph())).classed('selected', true);
+             }
+           }
 
-         context.isFirstSession = !corePreferences('sawSplash') && !corePreferences('sawPrivacyVersion');
+           function esc() {
+             if (context.container().select('.combobox').size()) return;
+             context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+           }
 
+           function firstVertex(d3_event) {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             var entity = singular();
+             var parentId = parentWayIdForVertexNavigation();
+             var way;
 
-         /* Changeset */
-         // An osmChangeset object. Not loaded until needed.
-         context.changeset = null;
+             if (entity && entity.type === 'way') {
+               way = entity;
+             } else if (parentId) {
+               way = context.entity(parentId);
+             }
 
-         let _defaultChangesetComment = context.initialHashParams.comment;
-         let _defaultChangesetSource = context.initialHashParams.source;
-         let _defaultChangesetHashtags = context.initialHashParams.hashtags;
-         context.defaultChangesetComment = function(val) {
-           if (!arguments.length) return _defaultChangesetComment;
-           _defaultChangesetComment = val;
-           return context;
-         };
-         context.defaultChangesetSource = function(val) {
-           if (!arguments.length) return _defaultChangesetSource;
-           _defaultChangesetSource = val;
-           return context;
-         };
-         context.defaultChangesetHashtags = function(val) {
-           if (!arguments.length) return _defaultChangesetHashtags;
-           _defaultChangesetHashtags = val;
-           return context;
-         };
+             _focusedParentWayId = way && way.id;
 
-         /* Document title */
-         /* (typically shown as the label for the browser window/tab) */
+             if (way) {
+               context.enter(mode.selectedIDs([way.first()]).follow(true));
+             }
+           }
 
-         // If true, iD will update the title based on what the user is doing
-         let _setsDocumentTitle = true;
-         context.setsDocumentTitle = function(val) {
-           if (!arguments.length) return _setsDocumentTitle;
-           _setsDocumentTitle = val;
-           return context;
-         };
-         // The part of the title that is always the same
-         let _documentTitleBase = document.title;
-         context.documentTitleBase = function(val) {
-           if (!arguments.length) return _documentTitleBase;
-           _documentTitleBase = val;
-           return context;
-         };
+           function lastVertex(d3_event) {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             var entity = singular();
+             var parentId = parentWayIdForVertexNavigation();
+             var way;
 
+             if (entity && entity.type === 'way') {
+               way = entity;
+             } else if (parentId) {
+               way = context.entity(parentId);
+             }
 
-         /* User interface and keybinding */
-         let _ui;
-         context.ui = () => _ui;
-         context.lastPointerType = () => _ui.lastPointerType();
+             _focusedParentWayId = way && way.id;
 
-         let _keybinding = utilKeybinding('context');
-         context.keybinding = () => _keybinding;
-         select(document).call(_keybinding);
+             if (way) {
+               context.enter(mode.selectedIDs([way.last()]).follow(true));
+             }
+           }
 
+           function previousVertex(d3_event) {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             var parentId = parentWayIdForVertexNavigation();
+             _focusedParentWayId = parentId;
+             if (!parentId) return;
+             var way = context.entity(parentId);
+             var length = way.nodes.length;
+             var curr = way.nodes.indexOf(selectedIDs[0]);
+             var index = -1;
 
-         /* Straight accessors. Avoid using these if you can. */
-         let _connection;
-         let _history;
-         let _validator;
-         let _uploader;
-         context.connection = () => _connection;
-         context.history = () => _history;
-         context.validator = () => _validator;
-         context.uploader = () => _uploader;
+             if (curr > 0) {
+               index = curr - 1;
+             } else if (way.isClosed()) {
+               index = length - 2;
+             }
 
-         /* Connection */
-         context.preauth = (options) => {
-           if (_connection) {
-             _connection.switch(options);
+             if (index !== -1) {
+               context.enter(mode.selectedIDs([way.nodes[index]]).follow(true));
+             }
            }
-           return context;
-         };
-
-         /* connection options for source switcher (optional) */
-         let _apiConnections;
-         context.apiConnections = function(val) {
-           if (!arguments.length) return _apiConnections;
-           _apiConnections = val;
-           return context;
-         };
 
+           function nextVertex(d3_event) {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             var parentId = parentWayIdForVertexNavigation();
+             _focusedParentWayId = parentId;
+             if (!parentId) return;
+             var way = context.entity(parentId);
+             var length = way.nodes.length;
+             var curr = way.nodes.indexOf(selectedIDs[0]);
+             var index = -1;
 
-         // A string or array or locale codes to prefer over the browser's settings
-         context.locale = function(locale) {
-           if (!arguments.length) return _mainLocalizer.localeCode();
-           _mainLocalizer.preferredLocaleCodes(locale);
-           return context;
-         };
-
+             if (curr < length - 1) {
+               index = curr + 1;
+             } else if (way.isClosed()) {
+               index = 0;
+             }
 
-         function afterLoad(cid, callback) {
-           return (err, result) => {
-             if (err) {
-               // 400 Bad Request, 401 Unauthorized, 403 Forbidden..
-               if (err.status === 400 || err.status === 401 || err.status === 403) {
-                 if (_connection) {
-                   _connection.logout();
-                 }
-               }
-               if (typeof callback === 'function') {
-                 callback(err);
-               }
-               return;
+             if (index !== -1) {
+               context.enter(mode.selectedIDs([way.nodes[index]]).follow(true));
+             }
+           }
 
-             } else if (_connection && _connection.getConnectionId() !== cid) {
-               if (typeof callback === 'function') {
-                 callback({ message: 'Connection Switched', status: -1 });
-               }
-               return;
+           function focusNextParent(d3_event) {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             var parents = parentWaysIdsOfSelection(true);
+             if (!parents || parents.length < 2) return;
+             var index = parents.indexOf(_focusedParentWayId);
 
+             if (index < 0 || index > parents.length - 2) {
+               _focusedParentWayId = parents[0];
              } else {
-               _history.merge(result.data, result.extent);
-               if (typeof callback === 'function') {
-                 callback(err, result);
-               }
-               return;
+               _focusedParentWayId = parents[index + 1];
              }
-           };
-         }
 
+             var surface = context.surface();
+             surface.selectAll('.related').classed('related', false);
 
-         context.loadTiles = (projection, callback) => {
-           const handle = window.requestIdleCallback(() => {
-             _deferred.delete(handle);
-             if (_connection && context.editableDataEnabled()) {
-               const cid = _connection.getConnectionId();
-               _connection.loadTiles(projection, afterLoad(cid, callback));
+             if (_focusedParentWayId) {
+               surface.selectAll(utilEntitySelector([_focusedParentWayId])).classed('related', true);
              }
-           });
-           _deferred.add(handle);
-         };
+           }
 
-         context.loadTileAtLoc = (loc, callback) => {
-           const handle = window.requestIdleCallback(() => {
-             _deferred.delete(handle);
-             if (_connection && context.editableDataEnabled()) {
-               const cid = _connection.getConnectionId();
-               _connection.loadTileAtLoc(loc, afterLoad(cid, callback));
-             }
-           });
-           _deferred.add(handle);
-         };
+           function selectParent(d3_event) {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             var currentSelectedIds = mode.selectedIDs();
+             var parentIds = _focusedParentWayId ? [_focusedParentWayId] : parentWaysIdsOfSelection(false);
+             if (!parentIds.length) return;
+             context.enter(mode.selectedIDs(parentIds)); // set this after re-entering the selection since we normally want it cleared on exit
 
-         context.loadEntity = (entityID, callback) => {
-           if (_connection) {
-             const cid = _connection.getConnectionId();
-             _connection.loadEntity(entityID, afterLoad(cid, callback));
+             _focusedVertexIds = currentSelectedIds;
            }
-         };
 
-         context.zoomToEntity = (entityID, zoomTo) => {
-           if (zoomTo !== false) {
-             context.loadEntity(entityID, (err, result) => {
-               if (err) return;
-               const entity = result.data.find(e => e.id === entityID);
-               if (entity) {
-                 _map.zoomTo(entity);
-               }
-             });
+           function selectChild(d3_event) {
+             d3_event.preventDefault();
+             var currentSelectedIds = mode.selectedIDs();
+             var childIds = _focusedVertexIds ? _focusedVertexIds.filter(function (id) {
+               return context.hasEntity(id);
+             }) : childNodeIdsOfSelection(true);
+             if (!childIds || !childIds.length) return;
+             if (currentSelectedIds.length === 1) _focusedParentWayId = currentSelectedIds[0];
+             context.enter(mode.selectedIDs(childIds));
            }
+         };
 
-           _map.on('drawn.zoomToEntity', () => {
-             if (!context.hasEntity(entityID)) return;
-             _map.on('drawn.zoomToEntity', null);
-             context.on('enter.zoomToEntity', null);
-             context.enter(modeSelect(context, [entityID]));
-           });
+         mode.exit = function () {
+           // we could enter the mode multiple times but it's only new the first time
+           _newFeature = false;
+           _focusedVertexIds = null;
 
-           context.on('enter.zoomToEntity', () => {
-             if (_mode.id !== 'browse') {
-               _map.on('drawn.zoomToEntity', null);
-               context.on('enter.zoomToEntity', null);
+           _operations.forEach(function (operation) {
+             if (operation.behavior) {
+               context.uninstall(operation.behavior);
              }
            });
-         };
 
-         let _minEditableZoom = 16;
-         context.minEditableZoom = function(val) {
-           if (!arguments.length) return _minEditableZoom;
-           _minEditableZoom = val;
-           if (_connection) {
-             _connection.tileZoom(val);
+           _operations = [];
+
+           _behaviors.forEach(context.uninstall);
+
+           select(document).call(keybinding.unbind);
+           context.ui().closeEditMenu();
+           context.history().on('change.select', null).on('undone.select', null).on('redone.select', null);
+           var surface = context.surface();
+           surface.selectAll('.selected-member').classed('selected-member', false);
+           surface.selectAll('.selected').classed('selected', false);
+           surface.selectAll('.highlighted').classed('highlighted', false);
+           surface.selectAll('.related').classed('related', false);
+           context.map().on('drawn.select', null);
+           context.ui().sidebar.hide();
+           context.features().forceVisible([]);
+           var entity = singular();
+
+           if (_newFeature && entity && entity.type === 'relation' && // no tags
+           Object.keys(entity.tags).length === 0 && // no parent relations
+           context.graph().parentRelations(entity).length === 0 && ( // no members or one member with no role
+           entity.members.length === 0 || entity.members.length === 1 && !entity.members[0].role)) {
+             // the user added this relation but didn't edit it at all, so just delete it
+             var deleteAction = actionDeleteRelation(entity.id, true
+             /* don't delete untagged members */
+             );
+             context.perform(deleteAction, _t('operations.delete.annotation.relation'));
            }
-           return context;
          };
 
-         // String length limits in Unicode characters, not JavaScript UTF-16 code units
-         context.maxCharsForTagKey = () => 255;
-         context.maxCharsForTagValue = () => 255;
-         context.maxCharsForRelationRole = () => 255;
-
-         function cleanOsmString(val, maxChars) {
-           // be lenient with input
-           if (val === undefined || val === null) {
-             val = '';
-           } else {
-             val = val.toString();
-           }
+         return mode;
+       }
 
-           // remove whitespace
-           val = val.trim();
+       function uiLasso(context) {
+         var group, polygon;
+         lasso.coordinates = [];
 
-           // use the canonical form of the string
-           if (val.normalize) val = val.normalize('NFC');
+         function lasso(selection) {
+           context.container().classed('lasso', true);
+           group = selection.append('g').attr('class', 'lasso hide');
+           polygon = group.append('path').attr('class', 'lasso-path');
+           group.call(uiToggle(true));
+         }
 
-           // trim to the number of allowed characters
-           return utilUnicodeCharsTruncated(val, maxChars);
+         function draw() {
+           if (polygon) {
+             polygon.data([lasso.coordinates]).attr('d', function (d) {
+               return 'M' + d.join(' L') + ' Z';
+             });
+           }
          }
-         context.cleanTagKey = (val) => cleanOsmString(val, context.maxCharsForTagKey());
-         context.cleanTagValue = (val) => cleanOsmString(val, context.maxCharsForTagValue());
-         context.cleanRelationRole = (val) => cleanOsmString(val, context.maxCharsForRelationRole());
 
+         lasso.extent = function () {
+           return lasso.coordinates.reduce(function (extent, point) {
+             return extent.extend(geoExtent(point));
+           }, geoExtent());
+         };
 
-         /* History */
-         let _inIntro = false;
-         context.inIntro = function(val) {
-           if (!arguments.length) return _inIntro;
-           _inIntro = val;
-           return context;
+         lasso.p = function (_) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return lasso;
+           lasso.coordinates.push(_);
+           draw();
+           return lasso;
          };
 
-         // Immediately save the user's history to localstorage, if possible
-         // This is called someteimes, but also on the `window.onbeforeunload` handler
-         context.save = () => {
-           // no history save, no message onbeforeunload
-           if (_inIntro || context.container().select('.modal').size()) return;
+         lasso.close = function () {
+           if (group) {
+             group.call(uiToggle(false, function () {
+               select(this).remove();
+             }));
+           }
 
-           let canSave;
-           if (_mode && _mode.id === 'save') {
-             canSave = false;
+           context.container().classed('lasso', false);
+         };
 
-             // Attempt to prevent user from creating duplicate changes - see #5200
-             if (services.osm && services.osm.isChangesetInflight()) {
-               _history.clearSaved();
-               return;
-             }
+         return lasso;
+       }
 
-           } else {
-             canSave = context.selectedIDs().every(id => {
-               const entity = context.hasEntity(id);
-               return entity && !entity.isDegenerate();
-             });
+       function behaviorLasso(context) {
+         // use pointer events on supported platforms; fallback to mouse events
+         var _pointerPrefix = 'PointerEvent' in window ? 'pointer' : 'mouse';
+
+         var behavior = function behavior(selection) {
+           var lasso;
+
+           function pointerdown(d3_event) {
+             var button = 0; // left
+
+             if (d3_event.button === button && d3_event.shiftKey === true) {
+               lasso = null;
+               select(window).on(_pointerPrefix + 'move.lasso', pointermove).on(_pointerPrefix + 'up.lasso', pointerup);
+               d3_event.stopPropagation();
+             }
            }
 
-           if (canSave) {
-             _history.save();
+           function pointermove() {
+             if (!lasso) {
+               lasso = uiLasso(context);
+               context.surface().call(lasso);
+             }
+
+             lasso.p(context.map().mouse());
            }
-           if (_history.hasChanges()) {
-             return _t('save.unsaved_changes');
+
+           function normalize(a, b) {
+             return [[Math.min(a[0], b[0]), Math.min(a[1], b[1])], [Math.max(a[0], b[0]), Math.max(a[1], b[1])]];
            }
-         };
 
-         // Debounce save, since it's a synchronous localStorage write,
-         // and history changes can happen frequently (e.g. when dragging).
-         context.debouncedSave = debounce(context.save, 350);
+           function lassoed() {
+             if (!lasso) return [];
+             var graph = context.graph();
+             var limitToNodes;
 
-         function withDebouncedSave(fn) {
-           return function() {
-             const result = fn.apply(_history, arguments);
-             context.debouncedSave();
-             return result;
-           };
-         }
+             if (context.map().editableDataEnabled(true
+             /* skipZoomCheck */
+             ) && context.map().isInWideSelection()) {
+               // only select from the visible nodes
+               limitToNodes = new Set(utilGetAllNodes(context.selectedIDs(), graph));
+             } else if (!context.map().editableDataEnabled()) {
+               return [];
+             }
 
+             var bounds = lasso.extent().map(context.projection.invert);
+             var extent = geoExtent(normalize(bounds[0], bounds[1]));
+             var intersects = context.history().intersects(extent).filter(function (entity) {
+               return entity.type === 'node' && (!limitToNodes || limitToNodes.has(entity)) && geoPointInPolygon(context.projection(entity.loc), lasso.coordinates) && !context.features().isHidden(entity, graph, entity.geometry(graph));
+             }); // sort the lassoed nodes as best we can
 
-         /* Graph */
-         context.hasEntity = (id) => _history.graph().hasEntity(id);
-         context.entity = (id) => _history.graph().entity(id);
+             intersects.sort(function (node1, node2) {
+               var parents1 = graph.parentWays(node1);
+               var parents2 = graph.parentWays(node2);
 
+               if (parents1.length && parents2.length) {
+                 // both nodes are vertices
+                 var sharedParents = utilArrayIntersection(parents1, parents2);
 
-         /* Modes */
-         let _mode;
-         context.mode = () => _mode;
-         context.enter = (newMode) => {
-           if (_mode) {
-             _mode.exit();
-             dispatch$1.call('exit', this, _mode);
+                 if (sharedParents.length) {
+                   var sharedParentNodes = sharedParents[0].nodes; // vertices are members of the same way; sort them in their listed order
+
+                   return sharedParentNodes.indexOf(node1.id) - sharedParentNodes.indexOf(node2.id);
+                 } else {
+                   // vertices do not share a way; group them by their respective parent ways
+                   return parseFloat(parents1[0].id.slice(1)) - parseFloat(parents2[0].id.slice(1));
+                 }
+               } else if (parents1.length || parents2.length) {
+                 // only one node is a vertex; sort standalone points before vertices
+                 return parents1.length - parents2.length;
+               } // both nodes are standalone points; sort left to right
+
+
+               return node1.loc[0] - node2.loc[0];
+             });
+             return intersects.map(function (entity) {
+               return entity.id;
+             });
            }
 
-           _mode = newMode;
-           _mode.enter();
-           dispatch$1.call('enter', this, _mode);
-         };
+           function pointerup() {
+             select(window).on(_pointerPrefix + 'move.lasso', null).on(_pointerPrefix + 'up.lasso', null);
+             if (!lasso) return;
+             var ids = lassoed();
+             lasso.close();
 
-         context.selectedIDs = () => (_mode && _mode.selectedIDs && _mode.selectedIDs()) || [];
-         context.activeID = () => _mode && _mode.activeID && _mode.activeID();
+             if (ids.length) {
+               context.enter(modeSelect(context, ids));
+             }
+           }
 
-         let _selectedNoteID;
-         context.selectedNoteID = function(noteID) {
-           if (!arguments.length) return _selectedNoteID;
-           _selectedNoteID = noteID;
-           return context;
+           selection.on(_pointerPrefix + 'down.lasso', pointerdown);
          };
 
-         // NOTE: Don't change the name of this until UI v3 is merged
-         let _selectedErrorID;
-         context.selectedErrorID = function(errorID) {
-           if (!arguments.length) return _selectedErrorID;
-           _selectedErrorID = errorID;
-           return context;
+         behavior.off = function (selection) {
+           selection.on(_pointerPrefix + 'down.lasso', null);
          };
 
+         return behavior;
+       }
 
-         /* Behaviors */
-         context.install = (behavior) => context.surface().call(behavior);
-         context.uninstall = (behavior) => context.surface().call(behavior.off);
+       function modeBrowse(context) {
+         var mode = {
+           button: 'browse',
+           id: 'browse',
+           title: _t('modes.browse.title'),
+           description: _t('modes.browse.description')
+         };
+         var sidebar;
 
+         var _selectBehavior;
 
-         /* Copy/Paste */
-         let _copyGraph;
-         context.copyGraph = () => _copyGraph;
+         var _behaviors = [];
 
-         let _copyIDs = [];
-         context.copyIDs = function(val) {
-           if (!arguments.length) return _copyIDs;
-           _copyIDs = val;
-           _copyGraph = _history.graph();
-           return context;
+         mode.selectBehavior = function (val) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return _selectBehavior;
+           _selectBehavior = val;
+           return mode;
          };
 
-         let _copyLonLat;
-         context.copyLonLat = function(val) {
-           if (!arguments.length) return _copyLonLat;
-           _copyLonLat = val;
-           return context;
-         };
+         mode.enter = function () {
+           if (!_behaviors.length) {
+             if (!_selectBehavior) _selectBehavior = behaviorSelect(context);
+             _behaviors = [behaviorPaste(context), behaviorHover(context).on('hover', context.ui().sidebar.hover), _selectBehavior, behaviorLasso(context), modeDragNode(context).behavior, modeDragNote(context).behavior];
+           }
 
+           _behaviors.forEach(context.install); // Get focus on the body.
 
-         /* Background */
-         let _background;
-         context.background = () => _background;
 
+           if (document.activeElement && document.activeElement.blur) {
+             document.activeElement.blur();
+           }
 
-         /* Features */
-         let _features;
-         context.features = () => _features;
-         context.hasHiddenConnections = (id) => {
-           const graph = _history.graph();
-           const entity = graph.entity(id);
-           return _features.hasHiddenConnections(entity, graph);
+           if (sidebar) {
+             context.ui().sidebar.show(sidebar);
+           } else {
+             context.ui().sidebar.select(null);
+           }
          };
 
+         mode.exit = function () {
+           context.ui().sidebar.hover.cancel();
 
-         /* Photos */
-         let _photos;
-         context.photos = () => _photos;
-
+           _behaviors.forEach(context.uninstall);
 
-         /* Map */
-         let _map;
-         context.map = () => _map;
-         context.layers = () => _map.layers();
-         context.surface = () => _map.surface;
-         context.editableDataEnabled = () => _map.editableDataEnabled();
-         context.surfaceRect = () => _map.surface.node().getBoundingClientRect();
-         context.editable = () => {
-           // don't allow editing during save
-           const mode = context.mode();
-           if (!mode || mode.id === 'save') return false;
-           return _map.editableDataEnabled();
+           if (sidebar) {
+             context.ui().sidebar.hide();
+           }
          };
 
-
-         /* Debug */
-         let _debugFlags = {
-           tile: false,        // tile boundaries
-           collision: false,   // label collision bounding boxes
-           imagery: false,     // imagery bounding polygons
-           target: false,      // touch targets
-           downloaded: false   // downloaded data from osm
-         };
-         context.debugFlags = () => _debugFlags;
-         context.getDebug = (flag) => flag && _debugFlags[flag];
-         context.setDebug = function(flag, val) {
-           if (arguments.length === 1) val = true;
-           _debugFlags[flag] = val;
-           dispatch$1.call('change');
-           return context;
+         mode.sidebar = function (_) {
+           if (!arguments.length) return sidebar;
+           sidebar = _;
+           return mode;
          };
 
-
-         /* Container */
-         let _container = select(null);
-         context.container = function(val) {
-           if (!arguments.length) return _container;
-           _container = val;
-           _container.classed('ideditor', true);
-           return context;
-         };
-         context.containerNode = function(val) {
-           if (!arguments.length) return context.container().node();
-           context.container(select(val));
-           return context;
+         mode.operations = function () {
+           return [operationPaste(context)];
          };
 
-         let _embed;
-         context.embed = function(val) {
-           if (!arguments.length) return _embed;
-           _embed = val;
-           return context;
-         };
+         return mode;
+       }
 
+       function behaviorAddWay(context) {
+         var dispatch = dispatch$8('start', 'startFromWay', 'startFromNode');
+         var draw = behaviorDraw(context);
 
-         /* Assets */
-         let _assetPath = '';
-         context.assetPath = function(val) {
-           if (!arguments.length) return _assetPath;
-           _assetPath = val;
-           _mainFileFetcher.assetPath(val);
-           return context;
-         };
+         function behavior(surface) {
+           draw.on('click', function () {
+             dispatch.apply('start', this, arguments);
+           }).on('clickWay', function () {
+             dispatch.apply('startFromWay', this, arguments);
+           }).on('clickNode', function () {
+             dispatch.apply('startFromNode', this, arguments);
+           }).on('cancel', behavior.cancel).on('finish', behavior.cancel);
+           context.map().dblclickZoomEnable(false);
+           surface.call(draw);
+         }
 
-         let _assetMap = {};
-         context.assetMap = function(val) {
-           if (!arguments.length) return _assetMap;
-           _assetMap = val;
-           _mainFileFetcher.assetMap(val);
-           return context;
+         behavior.off = function (surface) {
+           surface.call(draw.off);
          };
 
-         context.asset = (val) => {
-           if (/^http(s)?:\/\//i.test(val)) return val;
-           const filename = _assetPath + val;
-           return _assetMap[filename] || filename;
+         behavior.cancel = function () {
+           window.setTimeout(function () {
+             context.map().dblclickZoomEnable(true);
+           }, 1000);
+           context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
          };
 
-         context.imagePath = (val) => context.asset(`img/${val}`);
+         return utilRebind(behavior, dispatch, 'on');
+       }
 
+       function behaviorHash(context) {
+         // cached window.location.hash
+         var _cachedHash = null; // allowable latitude range
+
+         var _latitudeLimit = 90 - 1e-8;
+
+         function computedHashParameters() {
+           var map = context.map();
+           var center = map.center();
+           var zoom = map.zoom();
+           var precision = Math.max(0, Math.ceil(Math.log(zoom) / Math.LN2));
+           var oldParams = utilObjectOmit(utilStringQs(window.location.hash), ['comment', 'source', 'hashtags', 'walkthrough']);
+           var newParams = {};
+           delete oldParams.id;
+           var selected = context.selectedIDs().filter(function (id) {
+             return context.hasEntity(id);
+           });
 
-         /* reset (aka flush) */
-         context.reset = context.flush = () => {
-           context.debouncedSave.cancel();
+           if (selected.length) {
+             newParams.id = selected.join(',');
+           }
 
-           Array.from(_deferred).forEach(handle => {
-             window.cancelIdleCallback(handle);
-             _deferred.delete(handle);
-           });
+           newParams.map = zoom.toFixed(2) + '/' + center[1].toFixed(precision) + '/' + center[0].toFixed(precision);
+           return Object.assign(oldParams, newParams);
+         }
 
-           Object.values(services).forEach(service => {
-             if (service && typeof service.reset === 'function') {
-               service.reset(context);
-             }
+         function computedHash() {
+           return '#' + utilQsString(computedHashParameters(), true);
+         }
+
+         function computedTitle(includeChangeCount) {
+           var baseTitle = context.documentTitleBase() || 'iD';
+           var contextual;
+           var changeCount;
+           var titleID;
+           var selected = context.selectedIDs().filter(function (id) {
+             return context.hasEntity(id);
            });
 
-           context.changeset = null;
+           if (selected.length) {
+             var firstLabel = utilDisplayLabel(context.entity(selected[0]), context.graph());
 
-           _validator.reset();
-           _features.reset();
-           _history.reset();
-           _uploader.reset();
+             if (selected.length > 1) {
+               contextual = _t('title.labeled_and_more', {
+                 labeled: firstLabel,
+                 count: selected.length - 1
+               });
+             } else {
+               contextual = firstLabel;
+             }
 
-           // don't leave stale state in the inspector
-           context.container().select('.inspector-wrap *').remove();
+             titleID = 'context';
+           }
 
-           return context;
-         };
+           if (includeChangeCount) {
+             changeCount = context.history().difference().summary().length;
 
+             if (changeCount > 0) {
+               titleID = contextual ? 'changes_context' : 'changes';
+             }
+           }
 
-         /* Projections */
-         context.projection = geoRawMercator();
-         context.curtainProjection = geoRawMercator();
+           if (titleID) {
+             return _t('title.format.' + titleID, {
+               changes: changeCount,
+               base: baseTitle,
+               context: contextual
+             });
+           }
 
+           return baseTitle;
+         }
 
-         /* Init */
-         context.init = () => {
+         function updateTitle(includeChangeCount) {
+           if (!context.setsDocumentTitle()) return;
+           var newTitle = computedTitle(includeChangeCount);
 
-           instantiateInternal();
+           if (document.title !== newTitle) {
+             document.title = newTitle;
+           }
+         }
 
-           initializeDependents();
+         function updateHashIfNeeded() {
+           if (context.inIntro()) return;
+           var latestHash = computedHash();
 
-           return context;
+           if (_cachedHash !== latestHash) {
+             _cachedHash = latestHash; // Update the URL hash without affecting the browser navigation stack,
+             // though unavoidably creating a browser history entry
 
-           // Load variables and properties. No property of `context` should be accessed
-           // until this is complete since load statuses are indeterminate. The order
-           // of instantiation shouldn't matter.
-           function instantiateInternal() {
+             window.history.replaceState(null, computedTitle(false
+             /* includeChangeCount */
+             ), latestHash); // set the title we want displayed for the browser tab/window
 
-             _history = coreHistory(context);
-             context.graph = _history.graph;
-             context.pauseChangeDispatch = _history.pauseChangeDispatch;
-             context.resumeChangeDispatch = _history.resumeChangeDispatch;
-             context.perform = withDebouncedSave(_history.perform);
-             context.replace = withDebouncedSave(_history.replace);
-             context.pop = withDebouncedSave(_history.pop);
-             context.overwrite = withDebouncedSave(_history.overwrite);
-             context.undo = withDebouncedSave(_history.undo);
-             context.redo = withDebouncedSave(_history.redo);
+             updateTitle(true
+             /* includeChangeCount */
+             );
+           }
+         }
 
-             _validator = coreValidator(context);
-             _uploader = coreUploader(context);
+         var _throttledUpdate = throttle(updateHashIfNeeded, 500);
 
-             _background = rendererBackground(context);
-             _features = rendererFeatures(context);
-             _map = rendererMap(context);
-             _photos = rendererPhotos(context);
+         var _throttledUpdateTitle = throttle(function () {
+           updateTitle(true
+           /* includeChangeCount */
+           );
+         }, 500);
+
+         function hashchange() {
+           // ignore spurious hashchange events
+           if (window.location.hash === _cachedHash) return;
+           _cachedHash = window.location.hash;
+           var q = utilStringQs(_cachedHash);
+           var mapArgs = (q.map || '').split('/').map(Number);
+
+           if (mapArgs.length < 3 || mapArgs.some(isNaN)) {
+             // replace bogus hash
+             updateHashIfNeeded();
+           } else {
+             // don't update if the new hash already reflects the state of iD
+             if (_cachedHash === computedHash()) return;
+             var mode = context.mode();
+             context.map().centerZoom([mapArgs[2], Math.min(_latitudeLimit, Math.max(-_latitudeLimit, mapArgs[1]))], mapArgs[0]);
+
+             if (q.id && mode) {
+               var ids = q.id.split(',').filter(function (id) {
+                 return context.hasEntity(id);
+               });
 
-             _ui = uiInit(context);
+               if (ids.length && (mode.id === 'browse' || mode.id === 'select' && !utilArrayIdentical(mode.selectedIDs(), ids))) {
+                 context.enter(modeSelect(context, ids));
+                 return;
+               }
+             }
 
-             _connection = services.osm;
+             var center = context.map().center();
+             var dist = geoSphericalDistance(center, [mapArgs[2], mapArgs[1]]);
+             var maxdist = 500; // Don't allow the hash location to change too much while drawing
+             // This can happen if the user accidentally hit the back button.  #3996
+
+             if (mode && mode.id.match(/^draw/) !== null && dist > maxdist) {
+               context.enter(modeBrowse(context));
+               return;
+             }
            }
+         }
 
-           // Set up objects that might need to access properties of `context`. The order
-           // might matter if dependents make calls to each other. Be wary of async calls.
-           function initializeDependents() {
+         function behavior() {
+           context.map().on('move.behaviorHash', _throttledUpdate);
+           context.history().on('change.behaviorHash', _throttledUpdateTitle);
+           context.on('enter.behaviorHash', _throttledUpdate);
+           select(window).on('hashchange.behaviorHash', hashchange);
 
-             if (context.initialHashParams.presets) {
-               _mainPresetIndex.addablePresetIDs(new Set(context.initialHashParams.presets.split(',')));
+           if (window.location.hash) {
+             var q = utilStringQs(window.location.hash);
+
+             if (q.id) {
+               //if (!context.history().hasRestorableChanges()) {
+               // targeting specific features: download, select, and zoom to them
+               context.zoomToEntity(q.id.split(',')[0], !q.map); //}
              }
 
-             if (context.initialHashParams.locale) {
-               _mainLocalizer.preferredLocaleCodes(context.initialHashParams.locale);
+             if (q.walkthrough === 'true') {
+               behavior.startWalkthrough = true;
              }
 
-             // kick off some async work
-             _mainLocalizer.ensureLoaded();
-             _background.ensureLoaded();
-             _mainPresetIndex.ensureLoaded();
+             if (q.map) {
+               behavior.hadHash = true;
+             }
 
-             Object.values(services).forEach(service => {
-               if (service && typeof service.init === 'function') {
-                 service.init();
-               }
-             });
+             hashchange();
+             updateTitle(false);
+           }
+         }
 
-             _map.init();
-             _validator.init();
-             _features.init();
-             _photos.init();
+         behavior.off = function () {
+           _throttledUpdate.cancel();
 
-             if (services.maprules && context.initialHashParams.maprules) {
-               d3_json(context.initialHashParams.maprules)
-                 .then(mapcss => {
-                   services.maprules.init();
-                   mapcss.forEach(mapcssSelector => services.maprules.addRule(mapcssSelector));
-                 })
-                 .catch(() => { /* ignore */ });
-             }
+           _throttledUpdateTitle.cancel();
 
-             // if the container isn't available, e.g. when testing, don't load the UI
-             if (!context.container().empty()) _ui.ensureLoaded();
-           }
+           context.map().on('move.behaviorHash', null);
+           context.on('enter.behaviorHash', null);
+           select(window).on('hashchange.behaviorHash', null);
+           window.location.hash = '';
          };
 
-
-         return context;
+         return behavior;
        }
 
-       // When `debug = true`, we use `Object.freeze` on immutables in iD.
        // This is only done in testing because of the performance penalty.
-       let debug = false;
-       let d3 = {
-         customEvent: customEvent,
-         dispatch:  dispatch,
-         event:  event,
+
+       var debug = false; // Reexport just what our tests use, see #4379
+       var d3 = {
+         dispatch: dispatch$8,
          geoMercator: mercator,
          geoProjection: projection,
          polygonArea: d3_polygonArea,
                actionReverse: actionReverse,
                actionRevert: actionRevert,
                actionRotate: actionRotate,
+               actionScale: actionScale,
                actionSplit: actionSplit,
                actionStraightenNodes: actionStraightenNodes,
                actionStraightenWay: actionStraightenWay,
                coreLocalizer: coreLocalizer,
                t: _t,
                localizer: _mainLocalizer,
+               coreLocations: coreLocations,
+               locationManager: _mainLocations,
                prefs: corePreferences,
                coreTree: coreTree,
                coreUploader: coreUploader,
                serviceMapillary: serviceMapillary,
                serviceMapRules: serviceMapRules,
                serviceNominatim: serviceNominatim,
+               serviceNsi: serviceNsi,
                serviceOpenstreetcam: serviceOpenstreetcam,
                serviceOsm: serviceOsm,
                serviceOsmWikibase: serviceOsmWikibase,
                uiFieldDefaultCheck: uiFieldCheck,
                uiFieldOnewayCheck: uiFieldCheck,
                uiFieldCheck: uiFieldCheck,
+               uiFieldManyCombo: uiFieldCombo,
                uiFieldMultiCombo: uiFieldCombo,
                uiFieldNetworkCombo: uiFieldCombo,
                uiFieldSemiCombo: uiFieldCombo,
                uiFieldCycleway: uiFieldCycleway,
                uiFieldLanes: uiFieldLanes,
                uiFieldLocalized: uiFieldLocalized,
-               uiFieldMaxspeed: uiFieldMaxspeed,
+               uiFieldRoadspeed: uiFieldRoadspeed,
                uiFieldStructureRadio: uiFieldRadio,
                uiFieldRadio: uiFieldRadio,
                uiFieldRestrictions: uiFieldRestrictions,
                utilEntityOrMemberSelector: utilEntityOrMemberSelector,
                utilEntityOrDeepMemberSelector: utilEntityOrDeepMemberSelector,
                utilFastMouse: utilFastMouse,
+               utilFetchJson: utilFetchJson,
                utilFunctor: utilFunctor,
                utilGetAllNodes: utilGetAllNodes,
                utilGetSetValue: utilGetSetValue,
                validationUnsquareWay: validationUnsquareWay
        });
 
-       // polyfill requestIdleCallback
-       window.requestIdleCallback = window.requestIdleCallback ||
-           function(cb) {
-               var start = Date.now();
-               return window.requestAnimationFrame(function() {
-                   cb({
-                       didTimeout: false,
-                       timeRemaining: function() {
-                           return Math.max(0, 50 - (Date.now() - start));
-                       }
-                   });
-               });
-           };
+       window.requestIdleCallback = window.requestIdleCallback || function (cb) {
+         var start = Date.now();
+         return window.requestAnimationFrame(function () {
+           cb({
+             didTimeout: false,
+             timeRemaining: function timeRemaining() {
+               return Math.max(0, 50 - (Date.now() - start));
+             }
+           });
+         });
+       };
 
-       window.cancelIdleCallback = window.cancelIdleCallback ||
-           function(id) {
-               window.cancelAnimationFrame(id);
-           };
+       window.cancelIdleCallback = window.cancelIdleCallback || function (id) {
+         window.cancelAnimationFrame(id);
+       };
        window.iD = iD;
 
 }());
-//# sourceMappingURL=iD.js.map