Add support for GitHub authentication

[rails.git] / vendor / assets / iD / iD.js

(function(exports) {

  var bootstrap = (typeof exports.bootstrap === "object") ?
    exports.bootstrap :
    (exports.bootstrap = {});

  bootstrap.tooltip = function() {

    var tooltip = function(selection) {
        selection.each(setup);
      },
      animation = d3.functor(false),
      html = d3.functor(false),
      title = function() {
        var title = this.getAttribute("data-original-title");
        if (title) {
          return title;
        } else {
          title = this.getAttribute("title");
          this.removeAttribute("title");
          this.setAttribute("data-original-title", title);
        }
        return title;
      },
      over = "mouseenter.tooltip",
      out = "mouseleave.tooltip",
      placements = "top left bottom right".split(" "),
      placement = d3.functor("top");

    tooltip.title = function(_) {
      if (arguments.length) {
        title = d3.functor(_);
        return tooltip;
      } else {
        return title;
      }
    };

    tooltip.html = function(_) {
      if (arguments.length) {
        html = d3.functor(_);
        return tooltip;
      } else {
        return html;
      }
    };

    tooltip.placement = function(_) {
      if (arguments.length) {
        placement = d3.functor(_);
        return tooltip;
      } else {
        return placement;
      }
    };

    tooltip.show = function(selection) {
      selection.each(show);
    };

    tooltip.hide = function(selection) {
      selection.each(hide);
    };

    tooltip.toggle = function(selection) {
      selection.each(toggle);
    };

    tooltip.destroy = function(selection) {
      selection
        .on(over, null)
        .on(out, null)
        .attr("title", function() {
          return this.getAttribute("data-original-title") || this.getAttribute("title");
        })
        .attr("data-original-title", null)
        .select(".tooltip")
        .remove();
    };

    function setup() {
      var root = d3.select(this),
          animate = animation.apply(this, arguments),
          tip = root.append("div")
            .attr("class", "tooltip");

      if (animate) {
        tip.classed("fade", true);
      }

      // TODO "inside" checks?

      tip.append("div")
        .attr("class", "tooltip-arrow");
      tip.append("div")
        .attr("class", "tooltip-inner");

      var place = placement.apply(this, arguments);
      tip.classed(place, true);

      root.on(over, show);
      root.on(out, hide);
    }

    function show() {
      var root = d3.select(this),
          content = title.apply(this, arguments),
          tip = root.select(".tooltip")
            .classed("in", true),
          markup = html.apply(this, arguments),
          innercontent = tip.select(".tooltip-inner")[markup ? "html" : "text"](content),
          place = placement.apply(this, arguments),
          outer = getPosition(root.node()),
          inner = getPosition(tip.node()),
          pos;

      switch (place) {
        case "top":
          pos = {x: outer.x + (outer.w - inner.w) / 2, y: outer.y - inner.h};
          break;
        case "right":
          pos = {x: outer.x + outer.w, y: outer.y + (outer.h - inner.h) / 2};
          break;
        case "left":
          pos = {x: outer.x - inner.w, y: outer.y + (outer.h - inner.h) / 2};
          break;
        case "bottom":
          pos = {x: Math.max(0, outer.x + (outer.w - inner.w) / 2), y: outer.y + outer.h};
          break;
      }

      tip.style(pos ?
        {left: ~~pos.x + "px", top: ~~pos.y + "px"} :
        {left: null, top: null});

      this.tooltipVisible = true;
    }

    function hide() {
      d3.select(this).select(".tooltip")
        .classed("in", false);

      this.tooltipVisible = false;
    }

    function toggle() {
      if (this.tooltipVisible) {
        hide.apply(this, arguments);
      } else {
        show.apply(this, arguments);
      }
    }

    return tooltip;
  };

  function getPosition(node) {
    var mode = d3.select(node).style('position');
    if (mode === 'absolute' || mode === 'static') {
      return {
        x: node.offsetLeft,
        y: node.offsetTop,
        w: node.offsetWidth,
        h: node.offsetHeight
      };
    } else {
      return {
        x: 0,
        y: 0,
        w: node.offsetWidth,
        h: node.offsetHeight
      };
    }
  }

})(this);
!function(){
  var d3 = {version: "3.5.5"}; // semver
d3.ascending = d3_ascending;

function d3_ascending(a, b) {
  return a < b ? -1 : a > b ? 1 : a >= b ? 0 : NaN;
}
d3.descending = function(a, b) {
  return b < a ? -1 : b > a ? 1 : b >= a ? 0 : NaN;
};
d3.min = function(array, f) {
  var i = -1,
      n = array.length,
      a,
      b;
  if (arguments.length === 1) {
    while (++i < n) if ((b = array[i]) != null && b >= b) { a = b; break; }
    while (++i < n) if ((b = array[i]) != null && a > b) a = b;
  } else {
    while (++i < n) if ((b = f.call(array, array[i], i)) != null && b >= b) { a = b; break; }
    while (++i < n) if ((b = f.call(array, array[i], i)) != null && a > b) a = b;
  }
  return a;
};
d3.max = function(array, f) {
  var i = -1,
      n = array.length,
      a,
      b;
  if (arguments.length === 1) {
    while (++i < n) if ((b = array[i]) != null && b >= b) { a = b; break; }
    while (++i < n) if ((b = array[i]) != null && b > a) a = b;
  } else {
    while (++i < n) if ((b = f.call(array, array[i], i)) != null && b >= b) { a = b; break; }
    while (++i < n) if ((b = f.call(array, array[i], i)) != null && b > a) a = b;
  }
  return a;
};
d3.extent = function(array, f) {
  var i = -1,
      n = array.length,
      a,
      b,
      c;
  if (arguments.length === 1) {
    while (++i < n) if ((b = array[i]) != null && b >= b) { a = c = b; break; }
    while (++i < n) if ((b = array[i]) != null) {
      if (a > b) a = b;
      if (c < b) c = b;
    }
  } else {
    while (++i < n) if ((b = f.call(array, array[i], i)) != null && b >= b) { a = c = b; break; }
    while (++i < n) if ((b = f.call(array, array[i], i)) != null) {
      if (a > b) a = b;
      if (c < b) c = b;
    }
  }
  return [a, c];
};
function d3_number(x) {
  return x === null ? NaN : +x;
}

function d3_numeric(x) {
  return !isNaN(x);
}

d3.sum = function(array, f) {
  var s = 0,
      n = array.length,
      a,
      i = -1;
  if (arguments.length === 1) {
    while (++i < n) if (d3_numeric(a = +array[i])) s += a; // zero and null are equivalent
  } else {
    while (++i < n) if (d3_numeric(a = +f.call(array, array[i], i))) s += a;
  }
  return s;
};

d3.mean = function(array, f) {
  var s = 0,
      n = array.length,
      a,
      i = -1,
      j = n;
  if (arguments.length === 1) {
    while (++i < n) if (d3_numeric(a = d3_number(array[i]))) s += a; else --j;
  } else {
    while (++i < n) if (d3_numeric(a = d3_number(f.call(array, array[i], i)))) s += a; else --j;
  }
  if (j) return s / j;
};
// R-7 per <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantile>
d3.quantile = function(values, p) {
  var H = (values.length - 1) * p + 1,
      h = Math.floor(H),
      v = +values[h - 1],
      e = H - h;
  return e ? v + e * (values[h] - v) : v;
};

d3.median = function(array, f) {
  var numbers = [],
      n = array.length,
      a,
      i = -1;
  if (arguments.length === 1) {
    while (++i < n) if (d3_numeric(a = d3_number(array[i]))) numbers.push(a);
  } else {
    while (++i < n) if (d3_numeric(a = d3_number(f.call(array, array[i], i)))) numbers.push(a);
  }
  if (numbers.length) return d3.quantile(numbers.sort(d3_ascending), .5);
};

d3.variance = function(array, f) {
  var n = array.length,
      m = 0,
      a,
      d,
      s = 0,
      i = -1,
      j = 0;
  if (arguments.length === 1) {
    while (++i < n) {
      if (d3_numeric(a = d3_number(array[i]))) {
        d = a - m;
        m += d / ++j;
        s += d * (a - m);
      }
    }
  } else {
    while (++i < n) {
      if (d3_numeric(a = d3_number(f.call(array, array[i], i)))) {
        d = a - m;
        m += d / ++j;
        s += d * (a - m);
      }
    }
  }
  if (j > 1) return s / (j - 1);
};

d3.deviation = function() {
  var v = d3.variance.apply(this, arguments);
  return v ? Math.sqrt(v) : v;
};

function d3_bisector(compare) {
  return {
    left: function(a, x, lo, hi) {
      if (arguments.length < 3) lo = 0;
      if (arguments.length < 4) hi = a.length;
      while (lo < hi) {
        var mid = lo + hi >>> 1;
        if (compare(a[mid], x) < 0) lo = mid + 1;
        else hi = mid;
      }
      return lo;
    },
    right: function(a, x, lo, hi) {
      if (arguments.length < 3) lo = 0;
      if (arguments.length < 4) hi = a.length;
      while (lo < hi) {
        var mid = lo + hi >>> 1;
        if (compare(a[mid], x) > 0) hi = mid;
        else lo = mid + 1;
      }
      return lo;
    }
  };
}

var d3_bisect = d3_bisector(d3_ascending);
d3.bisectLeft = d3_bisect.left;
d3.bisect = d3.bisectRight = d3_bisect.right;

d3.bisector = function(f) {
  return d3_bisector(f.length === 1
      ? function(d, x) { return d3_ascending(f(d), x); }
      : f);
};
d3.shuffle = function(array, i0, i1) {
  if ((m = arguments.length) < 3) { i1 = array.length; if (m < 2) i0 = 0; }
  var m = i1 - i0, t, i;
  while (m) {
    i = Math.random() * m-- | 0;
    t = array[m + i0], array[m + i0] = array[i + i0], array[i + i0] = t;
  }
  return array;
};
d3.permute = function(array, indexes) {
  var i = indexes.length, permutes = new Array(i);
  while (i--) permutes[i] = array[indexes[i]];
  return permutes;
};
d3.pairs = function(array) {
  var i = 0, n = array.length - 1, p0, p1 = array[0], pairs = new Array(n < 0 ? 0 : n);
  while (i < n) pairs[i] = [p0 = p1, p1 = array[++i]];
  return pairs;
};

d3.zip = function() {
  if (!(n = arguments.length)) return [];
  for (var i = -1, m = d3.min(arguments, d3_zipLength), zips = new Array(m); ++i < m;) {
    for (var j = -1, n, zip = zips[i] = new Array(n); ++j < n;) {
      zip[j] = arguments[j][i];
    }
  }
  return zips;
};

function d3_zipLength(d) {
  return d.length;
}

d3.transpose = function(matrix) {
  return d3.zip.apply(d3, matrix);
};
d3.keys = function(map) {
  var keys = [];
  for (var key in map) keys.push(key);
  return keys;
};
d3.values = function(map) {
  var values = [];
  for (var key in map) values.push(map[key]);
  return values;
};
d3.entries = function(map) {
  var entries = [];
  for (var key in map) entries.push({key: key, value: map[key]});
  return entries;
};
d3.merge = function(arrays) {
  var n = arrays.length,
      m,
      i = -1,
      j = 0,
      merged,
      array;

  while (++i < n) j += arrays[i].length;
  merged = new Array(j);

  while (--n >= 0) {
    array = arrays[n];
    m = array.length;
    while (--m >= 0) {
      merged[--j] = array[m];
    }
  }

  return merged;
};
var abs = Math.abs;

d3.range = function(start, stop, step) {
  if (arguments.length < 3) {
    step = 1;
    if (arguments.length < 2) {
      stop = start;
      start = 0;
    }
  }
  if ((stop - start) / step === Infinity) throw new Error("infinite range");
  var range = [],
       k = d3_range_integerScale(abs(step)),
       i = -1,
       j;
  start *= k, stop *= k, step *= k;
  if (step < 0) while ((j = start + step * ++i) > stop) range.push(j / k);
  else while ((j = start + step * ++i) < stop) range.push(j / k);
  return range;
};

function d3_range_integerScale(x) {
  var k = 1;
  while (x * k % 1) k *= 10;
  return k;
}
function d3_class(ctor, properties) {
  for (var key in properties) {
    Object.defineProperty(ctor.prototype, key, {
      value: properties[key],
      enumerable: false
    });
  }
}

d3.map = function(object, f) {
  var map = new d3_Map;
  if (object instanceof d3_Map) {
    object.forEach(function(key, value) { map.set(key, value); });
  } else if (Array.isArray(object)) {
    var i = -1,
        n = object.length,
        o;
    if (arguments.length === 1) while (++i < n) map.set(i, object[i]);
    else while (++i < n) map.set(f.call(object, o = object[i], i), o);
  } else {
    for (var key in object) map.set(key, object[key]);
  }
  return map;
};

function d3_Map() {
  this._ = Object.create(null);
}

var d3_map_proto = "__proto__",
    d3_map_zero = "\0";

d3_class(d3_Map, {
  has: d3_map_has,
  get: function(key) {
    return this._[d3_map_escape(key)];
  },
  set: function(key, value) {
    return this._[d3_map_escape(key)] = value;
  },
  remove: d3_map_remove,
  keys: d3_map_keys,
  values: function() {
    var values = [];
    for (var key in this._) values.push(this._[key]);
    return values;
  },
  entries: function() {
    var entries = [];
    for (var key in this._) entries.push({key: d3_map_unescape(key), value: this._[key]});
    return entries;
  },
  size: d3_map_size,
  empty: d3_map_empty,
  forEach: function(f) {
    for (var key in this._) f.call(this, d3_map_unescape(key), this._[key]);
  }
});

function d3_map_escape(key) {
  return (key += "") === d3_map_proto || key[0] === d3_map_zero ? d3_map_zero + key : key;
}

function d3_map_unescape(key) {
  return (key += "")[0] === d3_map_zero ? key.slice(1) : key;
}

function d3_map_has(key) {
  return d3_map_escape(key) in this._;
}

function d3_map_remove(key) {
  return (key = d3_map_escape(key)) in this._ && delete this._[key];
}

function d3_map_keys() {
  var keys = [];
  for (var key in this._) keys.push(d3_map_unescape(key));
  return keys;
}

function d3_map_size() {
  var size = 0;
  for (var key in this._) ++size;
  return size;
}

function d3_map_empty() {
  for (var key in this._) return false;
  return true;
}

d3.nest = function() {
  var nest = {},
      keys = [],
      sortKeys = [],
      sortValues,
      rollup;

  function map(mapType, array, depth) {
    if (depth >= keys.length) return rollup
        ? rollup.call(nest, array) : (sortValues
        ? array.sort(sortValues)
        : array);

    var i = -1,
        n = array.length,
        key = keys[depth++],
        keyValue,
        object,
        setter,
        valuesByKey = new d3_Map,
        values;

    while (++i < n) {
      if (values = valuesByKey.get(keyValue = key(object = array[i]))) {
        values.push(object);
      } else {
        valuesByKey.set(keyValue, [object]);
      }
    }

    if (mapType) {
      object = mapType();
      setter = function(keyValue, values) {
        object.set(keyValue, map(mapType, values, depth));
      };
    } else {
      object = {};
      setter = function(keyValue, values) {
        object[keyValue] = map(mapType, values, depth);
      };
    }

    valuesByKey.forEach(setter);
    return object;
  }

  function entries(map, depth) {
    if (depth >= keys.length) return map;

    var array = [],
        sortKey = sortKeys[depth++];

    map.forEach(function(key, keyMap) {
      array.push({key: key, values: entries(keyMap, depth)});
    });

    return sortKey
        ? array.sort(function(a, b) { return sortKey(a.key, b.key); })
        : array;
  }

  nest.map = function(array, mapType) {
    return map(mapType, array, 0);
  };

  nest.entries = function(array) {
    return entries(map(d3.map, array, 0), 0);
  };

  nest.key = function(d) {
    keys.push(d);
    return nest;
  };

  // Specifies the order for the most-recently specified key.
  // Note: only applies to entries. Map keys are unordered!
  nest.sortKeys = function(order) {
    sortKeys[keys.length - 1] = order;
    return nest;
  };

  // Specifies the order for leaf values.
  // Applies to both maps and entries array.
  nest.sortValues = function(order) {
    sortValues = order;
    return nest;
  };

  nest.rollup = function(f) {
    rollup = f;
    return nest;
  };

  return nest;
};

d3.set = function(array) {
  var set = new d3_Set;
  if (array) for (var i = 0, n = array.length; i < n; ++i) set.add(array[i]);
  return set;
};

function d3_Set() {
  this._ = Object.create(null);
}

d3_class(d3_Set, {
  has: d3_map_has,
  add: function(key) {
    this._[d3_map_escape(key += "")] = true;
    return key;
  },
  remove: d3_map_remove,
  values: d3_map_keys,
  size: d3_map_size,
  empty: d3_map_empty,
  forEach: function(f) {
    for (var key in this._) f.call(this, d3_map_unescape(key));
  }
});
d3.behavior = {};
var d3_document = this.document;

function d3_documentElement(node) {
  return node
      && (node.ownerDocument // node is a Node
      || node.document // node is a Window
      || node).documentElement; // node is a Document
}

function d3_window(node) {
  return node
      && ((node.ownerDocument && node.ownerDocument.defaultView) // node is a Node
        || (node.document && node) // node is a Window
        || node.defaultView); // node is a Document
}
// Copies a variable number of methods from source to target.
d3.rebind = function(target, source) {
  var i = 1, n = arguments.length, method;
  while (++i < n) target[method = arguments[i]] = d3_rebind(target, source, source[method]);
  return target;
};

// Method is assumed to be a standard D3 getter-setter:
// If passed with no arguments, gets the value.
// If passed with arguments, sets the value and returns the target.
function d3_rebind(target, source, method) {
  return function() {
    var value = method.apply(source, arguments);
    return value === source ? target : value;
  };
}
function d3_vendorSymbol(object, name) {
  if (name in object) return name;
  name = name.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + name.slice(1);
  for (var i = 0, n = d3_vendorPrefixes.length; i < n; ++i) {
    var prefixName = d3_vendorPrefixes[i] + name;
    if (prefixName in object) return prefixName;
  }
}

var d3_vendorPrefixes = ["webkit", "ms", "moz", "Moz", "o", "O"];
var d3_arraySlice = [].slice,
    d3_array = function(list) { return d3_arraySlice.call(list); }; // conversion for NodeLists
function d3_noop() {}

d3.dispatch = function() {
  var dispatch = new d3_dispatch,
      i = -1,
      n = arguments.length;
  while (++i < n) dispatch[arguments[i]] = d3_dispatch_event(dispatch);
  return dispatch;
};

function d3_dispatch() {}

d3_dispatch.prototype.on = function(type, listener) {
  var i = type.indexOf("."),
      name = "";

  // Extract optional namespace, e.g., "click.foo"
  if (i >= 0) {
    name = type.slice(i + 1);
    type = type.slice(0, i);
  }

  if (type) return arguments.length < 2
      ? this[type].on(name)
      : this[type].on(name, listener);

  if (arguments.length === 2) {
    if (listener == null) for (type in this) {
      if (this.hasOwnProperty(type)) this[type].on(name, null);
    }
    return this;
  }
};

function d3_dispatch_event(dispatch) {
  var listeners = [],
      listenerByName = new d3_Map;

  function event() {
    var z = listeners, // defensive reference
        i = -1,
        n = z.length,
        l;
    while (++i < n) if (l = z[i].on) l.apply(this, arguments);
    return dispatch;
  }

  event.on = function(name, listener) {
    var l = listenerByName.get(name),
        i;

    // return the current listener, if any
    if (arguments.length < 2) return l && l.on;

    // remove the old listener, if any (with copy-on-write)
    if (l) {
      l.on = null;
      listeners = listeners.slice(0, i = listeners.indexOf(l)).concat(listeners.slice(i + 1));
      listenerByName.remove(name);
    }

    // add the new listener, if any
    if (listener) listeners.push(listenerByName.set(name, {on: listener}));

    return dispatch;
  };

  return event;
}

d3.event = null;

function d3_eventPreventDefault() {
  d3.event.preventDefault();
}

function d3_eventCancel() {
  d3.event.preventDefault();
  d3.event.stopPropagation();
}

function d3_eventSource() {
  var e = d3.event, s;
  while (s = e.sourceEvent) e = s;
  return e;
}

// Like d3.dispatch, but for custom events abstracting native UI events. These
// events have a target component (such as a brush), a target element (such as
// the svg:g element containing the brush) and the standard arguments `d` (the
// target element's data) and `i` (the selection index of the target element).
function d3_eventDispatch(target) {
  var dispatch = new d3_dispatch,
      i = 0,
      n = arguments.length;

  while (++i < n) dispatch[arguments[i]] = d3_dispatch_event(dispatch);

  // Creates a dispatch context for the specified `thiz` (typically, the target
  // DOM element that received the source event) and `argumentz` (typically, the
  // data `d` and index `i` of the target element). The returned function can be
  // used to dispatch an event to any registered listeners; the function takes a
  // single argument as input, being the event to dispatch. The event must have
  // a "type" attribute which corresponds to a type registered in the
  // constructor. This context will automatically populate the "sourceEvent" and
  // "target" attributes of the event, as well as setting the `d3.event` global
  // for the duration of the notification.
  dispatch.of = function(thiz, argumentz) {
    return function(e1) {
      try {
        var e0 =
        e1.sourceEvent = d3.event;
        e1.target = target;
        d3.event = e1;
        dispatch[e1.type].apply(thiz, argumentz);
      } finally {
        d3.event = e0;
      }
    };
  };

  return dispatch;
}
d3.requote = function(s) {
  return s.replace(d3_requote_re, "\\$&");
};

var d3_requote_re = /[\\\^\$\*\+\?\|\[\]\(\)\.\{\}]/g;
var d3_subclass = {}.__proto__?

// Until ECMAScript supports array subclassing, prototype injection works well.
function(object, prototype) {
  object.__proto__ = prototype;
}:

// And if your browser doesn't support __proto__, we'll use direct extension.
function(object, prototype) {
  for (var property in prototype) object[property] = prototype[property];
};

function d3_selection(groups) {
  d3_subclass(groups, d3_selectionPrototype);
  return groups;
}

var d3_select = function(s, n) { return n.querySelector(s); },
    d3_selectAll = function(s, n) { return n.querySelectorAll(s); },
    d3_selectMatches = function(n, s) {
      var d3_selectMatcher = n.matches || n[d3_vendorSymbol(n, "matchesSelector")];
      d3_selectMatches = function(n, s) {
        return d3_selectMatcher.call(n, s);
      };
      return d3_selectMatches(n, s);
    };

// Prefer Sizzle, if available.
if (typeof Sizzle === "function") {
  d3_select = function(s, n) { return Sizzle(s, n)[0] || null; };
  d3_selectAll = Sizzle;
  d3_selectMatches = Sizzle.matchesSelector;
}

d3.selection = function() {
  return d3.select(d3_document.documentElement);
};

var d3_selectionPrototype = d3.selection.prototype = [];


d3_selectionPrototype.select = function(selector) {
  var subgroups = [],
      subgroup,
      subnode,
      group,
      node;

  selector = d3_selection_selector(selector);

  for (var j = -1, m = this.length; ++j < m;) {
    subgroups.push(subgroup = []);
    subgroup.parentNode = (group = this[j]).parentNode;
    for (var i = -1, n = group.length; ++i < n;) {
      if (node = group[i]) {
        subgroup.push(subnode = selector.call(node, node.__data__, i, j));
        if (subnode && "__data__" in node) subnode.__data__ = node.__data__;
      } else {
        subgroup.push(null);
      }
    }
  }

  return d3_selection(subgroups);
};

function d3_selection_selector(selector) {
  return typeof selector === "function" ? selector : function() {
    return d3_select(selector, this);
  };
}

d3_selectionPrototype.selectAll = function(selector) {
  var subgroups = [],
      subgroup,
      node;

  selector = d3_selection_selectorAll(selector);

  for (var j = -1, m = this.length; ++j < m;) {
    for (var group = this[j], i = -1, n = group.length; ++i < n;) {
      if (node = group[i]) {
        subgroups.push(subgroup = d3_array(selector.call(node, node.__data__, i, j)));
        subgroup.parentNode = node;
      }
    }
  }

  return d3_selection(subgroups);
};

function d3_selection_selectorAll(selector) {
  return typeof selector === "function" ? selector : function() {
    return d3_selectAll(selector, this);
  };
}
var d3_nsPrefix = {
  svg: "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",
  xhtml: "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml",
  xlink: "http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink",
  xml: "http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace",
  xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/"
};

d3.ns = {
  prefix: d3_nsPrefix,
  qualify: function(name) {
    var i = name.indexOf(":"),
        prefix = name;
    if (i >= 0) {
      prefix = name.slice(0, i);
      name = name.slice(i + 1);
    }
    return d3_nsPrefix.hasOwnProperty(prefix)
        ? {space: d3_nsPrefix[prefix], local: name}
        : name;
  }
};

d3_selectionPrototype.attr = function(name, value) {
  if (arguments.length < 2) {

    // For attr(string), return the attribute value for the first node.
    if (typeof name === "string") {
      var node = this.node();
      name = d3.ns.qualify(name);
      return name.local
          ? node.getAttributeNS(name.space, name.local)
          : node.getAttribute(name);
    }

    // For attr(object), the object specifies the names and values of the
    // attributes to set or remove. The values may be functions that are
    // evaluated for each element.
    for (value in name) this.each(d3_selection_attr(value, name[value]));
    return this;
  }

  return this.each(d3_selection_attr(name, value));
};

function d3_selection_attr(name, value) {
  name = d3.ns.qualify(name);

  // For attr(string, null), remove the attribute with the specified name.
  function attrNull() {
    this.removeAttribute(name);
  }
  function attrNullNS() {
    this.removeAttributeNS(name.space, name.local);
  }

  // For attr(string, string), set the attribute with the specified name.
  function attrConstant() {
    this.setAttribute(name, value);
  }
  function attrConstantNS() {
    this.setAttributeNS(name.space, name.local, value);
  }

  // For attr(string, function), evaluate the function for each element, and set
  // or remove the attribute as appropriate.
  function attrFunction() {
    var x = value.apply(this, arguments);
    if (x == null) this.removeAttribute(name);
    else this.setAttribute(name, x);
  }
  function attrFunctionNS() {
    var x = value.apply(this, arguments);
    if (x == null) this.removeAttributeNS(name.space, name.local);
    else this.setAttributeNS(name.space, name.local, x);
  }

  return value == null
      ? (name.local ? attrNullNS : attrNull) : (typeof value === "function"
      ? (name.local ? attrFunctionNS : attrFunction)
      : (name.local ? attrConstantNS : attrConstant));
}
function d3_collapse(s) {
  return s.trim().replace(/\s+/g, " ");
}

d3_selectionPrototype.classed = function(name, value) {
  if (arguments.length < 2) {

    // For classed(string), return true only if the first node has the specified
    // class or classes. Note that even if the browser supports DOMTokenList, it
    // probably doesn't support it on SVG elements (which can be animated).
    if (typeof name === "string") {
      var node = this.node(),
          n = (name = d3_selection_classes(name)).length,
          i = -1;
      if (value = node.classList) {
        while (++i < n) if (!value.contains(name[i])) return false;
      } else {
        value = node.getAttribute("class");
        while (++i < n) if (!d3_selection_classedRe(name[i]).test(value)) return false;
      }
      return true;
    }

    // For classed(object), the object specifies the names of classes to add or
    // remove. The values may be functions that are evaluated for each element.
    for (value in name) this.each(d3_selection_classed(value, name[value]));
    return this;
  }

  // Otherwise, both a name and a value are specified, and are handled as below.
  return this.each(d3_selection_classed(name, value));
};

function d3_selection_classedRe(name) {
  return new RegExp("(?:^|\\s+)" + d3.requote(name) + "(?:\\s+|$)", "g");
}

function d3_selection_classes(name) {
  return (name + "").trim().split(/^|\s+/);
}

// Multiple class names are allowed (e.g., "foo bar").
function d3_selection_classed(name, value) {
  name = d3_selection_classes(name).map(d3_selection_classedName);
  var n = name.length;

  function classedConstant() {
    var i = -1;
    while (++i < n) name[i](this, value);
  }

  // When the value is a function, the function is still evaluated only once per
  // element even if there are multiple class names.
  function classedFunction() {
    var i = -1, x = value.apply(this, arguments);
    while (++i < n) name[i](this, x);
  }

  return typeof value === "function"
      ? classedFunction
      : classedConstant;
}

function d3_selection_classedName(name) {
  var re = d3_selection_classedRe(name);
  return function(node, value) {
    if (c = node.classList) return value ? c.add(name) : c.remove(name);
    var c = node.getAttribute("class") || "";
    if (value) {
      re.lastIndex = 0;
      if (!re.test(c)) node.setAttribute("class", d3_collapse(c + " " + name));
    } else {
      node.setAttribute("class", d3_collapse(c.replace(re, " ")));
    }
  };
}

d3_selectionPrototype.style = function(name, value, priority) {
  var n = arguments.length;
  if (n < 3) {

    // For style(object) or style(object, string), the object specifies the
    // names and values of the attributes to set or remove. The values may be
    // functions that are evaluated for each element. The optional string
    // specifies the priority.
    if (typeof name !== "string") {
      if (n < 2) value = "";
      for (priority in name) this.each(d3_selection_style(priority, name[priority], value));
      return this;
    }

    // For style(string), return the computed style value for the first node.
    if (n < 2) {
      var node = this.node();
      return d3_window(node).getComputedStyle(node, null).getPropertyValue(name);
    }

    // For style(string, string) or style(string, function), use the default
    // priority. The priority is ignored for style(string, null).
    priority = "";
  }

  // Otherwise, a name, value and priority are specified, and handled as below.
  return this.each(d3_selection_style(name, value, priority));
};

function d3_selection_style(name, value, priority) {

  // For style(name, null) or style(name, null, priority), remove the style
  // property with the specified name. The priority is ignored.
  function styleNull() {
    this.style.removeProperty(name);
  }

  // For style(name, string) or style(name, string, priority), set the style
  // property with the specified name, using the specified priority.
  function styleConstant() {
    this.style.setProperty(name, value, priority);
  }

  // For style(name, function) or style(name, function, priority), evaluate the
  // function for each element, and set or remove the style property as
  // appropriate. When setting, use the specified priority.
  function styleFunction() {
    var x = value.apply(this, arguments);
    if (x == null) this.style.removeProperty(name);
    else this.style.setProperty(name, x, priority);
  }

  return value == null
      ? styleNull : (typeof value === "function"
      ? styleFunction : styleConstant);
}

d3_selectionPrototype.property = function(name, value) {
  if (arguments.length < 2) {

    // For property(string), return the property value for the first node.
    if (typeof name === "string") return this.node()[name];

    // For property(object), the object specifies the names and values of the
    // properties to set or remove. The values may be functions that are
    // evaluated for each element.
    for (value in name) this.each(d3_selection_property(value, name[value]));
    return this;
  }

  // Otherwise, both a name and a value are specified, and are handled as below.
  return this.each(d3_selection_property(name, value));
};

function d3_selection_property(name, value) {

  // For property(name, null), remove the property with the specified name.
  function propertyNull() {
    delete this[name];
  }

  // For property(name, string), set the property with the specified name.
  function propertyConstant() {
    this[name] = value;
  }

  // For property(name, function), evaluate the function for each element, and
  // set or remove the property as appropriate.
  function propertyFunction() {
    var x = value.apply(this, arguments);
    if (x == null) delete this[name];
    else this[name] = x;
  }

  return value == null
      ? propertyNull : (typeof value === "function"
      ? propertyFunction : propertyConstant);
}

d3_selectionPrototype.text = function(value) {
  return arguments.length
      ? this.each(typeof value === "function"
      ? function() { var v = value.apply(this, arguments); this.textContent = v == null ? "" : v; } : value == null
      ? function() { if (this.textContent !== "") this.textContent = ""; }
      : function() { if (this.textContent !== value) this.textContent = value; })
      : this.node().textContent;
};

d3_selectionPrototype.html = function(value) {
  return arguments.length
      ? this.each(typeof value === "function"
      ? function() { var v = value.apply(this, arguments); this.innerHTML = v == null ? "" : v; } : value == null
      ? function() { this.innerHTML = ""; }
      : function() { this.innerHTML = value; })
      : this.node().innerHTML;
};

d3_selectionPrototype.append = function(name) {
  name = d3_selection_creator(name);
  return this.select(function() {
    return this.appendChild(name.apply(this, arguments));
  });
};

function d3_selection_creator(name) {

  function create() {
    var document = this.ownerDocument,
        namespace = this.namespaceURI;
    return namespace
        ? document.createElementNS(namespace, name)
        : document.createElement(name);
  }

  function createNS() {
    return this.ownerDocument.createElementNS(name.space, name.local);
  }

  return typeof name === "function" ? name
      : (name = d3.ns.qualify(name)).local ? createNS
      : create;
}

d3_selectionPrototype.insert = function(name, before) {
  name = d3_selection_creator(name);
  before = d3_selection_selector(before);
  return this.select(function() {
    return this.insertBefore(name.apply(this, arguments), before.apply(this, arguments) || null);
  });
};

// TODO remove(selector)?
// TODO remove(node)?
// TODO remove(function)?
d3_selectionPrototype.remove = function() {
  return this.each(d3_selectionRemove);
};

function d3_selectionRemove() {
  var parent = this.parentNode;
  if (parent) parent.removeChild(this);
}

d3_selectionPrototype.data = function(value, key) {
  var i = -1,
      n = this.length,
      group,
      node;

  // If no value is specified, return the first value.
  if (!arguments.length) {
    value = new Array(n = (group = this[0]).length);
    while (++i < n) {
      if (node = group[i]) {
        value[i] = node.__data__;
      }
    }
    return value;
  }

  function bind(group, groupData) {
    var i,
        n = group.length,
        m = groupData.length,
        n0 = Math.min(n, m),
        updateNodes = new Array(m),
        enterNodes = new Array(m),
        exitNodes = new Array(n),
        node,
        nodeData;

    if (key) {
      var nodeByKeyValue = new d3_Map,
          keyValues = new Array(n),
          keyValue;

      for (i = -1; ++i < n;) {
        if (nodeByKeyValue.has(keyValue = key.call(node = group[i], node.__data__, i))) {
          exitNodes[i] = node; // duplicate selection key
        } else {
          nodeByKeyValue.set(keyValue, node);
        }
        keyValues[i] = keyValue;
      }

      for (i = -1; ++i < m;) {
        if (!(node = nodeByKeyValue.get(keyValue = key.call(groupData, nodeData = groupData[i], i)))) {
          enterNodes[i] = d3_selection_dataNode(nodeData);
        } else if (node !== true) { // no duplicate data key
          updateNodes[i] = node;
          node.__data__ = nodeData;
        }
        nodeByKeyValue.set(keyValue, true);
      }

      for (i = -1; ++i < n;) {
        if (nodeByKeyValue.get(keyValues[i]) !== true) {
          exitNodes[i] = group[i];
        }
      }
    } else {
      for (i = -1; ++i < n0;) {
        node = group[i];
        nodeData = groupData[i];
        if (node) {
          node.__data__ = nodeData;
          updateNodes[i] = node;
        } else {
          enterNodes[i] = d3_selection_dataNode(nodeData);
        }
      }
      for (; i < m; ++i) {
        enterNodes[i] = d3_selection_dataNode(groupData[i]);
      }
      for (; i < n; ++i) {
        exitNodes[i] = group[i];
      }
    }

    enterNodes.update
        = updateNodes;

    enterNodes.parentNode
        = updateNodes.parentNode
        = exitNodes.parentNode
        = group.parentNode;

    enter.push(enterNodes);
    update.push(updateNodes);
    exit.push(exitNodes);
  }

  var enter = d3_selection_enter([]),
      update = d3_selection([]),
      exit = d3_selection([]);

  if (typeof value === "function") {
    while (++i < n) {
      bind(group = this[i], value.call(group, group.parentNode.__data__, i));
    }
  } else {
    while (++i < n) {
      bind(group = this[i], value);
    }
  }

  update.enter = function() { return enter; };
  update.exit = function() { return exit; };
  return update;
};

function d3_selection_dataNode(data) {
  return {__data__: data};
}

d3_selectionPrototype.datum = function(value) {
  return arguments.length
      ? this.property("__data__", value)
      : this.property("__data__");
};

d3_selectionPrototype.filter = function(filter) {
  var subgroups = [],
      subgroup,
      group,
      node;

  if (typeof filter !== "function") filter = d3_selection_filter(filter);

  for (var j = 0, m = this.length; j < m; j++) {
    subgroups.push(subgroup = []);
    subgroup.parentNode = (group = this[j]).parentNode;
    for (var i = 0, n = group.length; i < n; i++) {
      if ((node = group[i]) && filter.call(node, node.__data__, i, j)) {
        subgroup.push(node);
      }
    }
  }

  return d3_selection(subgroups);
};

function d3_selection_filter(selector) {
  return function() {
    return d3_selectMatches(this, selector);
  };
}

d3_selectionPrototype.order = function() {
  for (var j = -1, m = this.length; ++j < m;) {
    for (var group = this[j], i = group.length - 1, next = group[i], node; --i >= 0;) {
      if (node = group[i]) {
        if (next && next !== node.nextSibling) next.parentNode.insertBefore(node, next);
        next = node;
      }
    }
  }
  return this;
};

d3_selectionPrototype.sort = function(comparator) {
  comparator = d3_selection_sortComparator.apply(this, arguments);
  for (var j = -1, m = this.length; ++j < m;) this[j].sort(comparator);
  return this.order();
};

function d3_selection_sortComparator(comparator) {
  if (!arguments.length) comparator = d3_ascending;
  return function(a, b) {
    return a && b ? comparator(a.__data__, b.__data__) : !a - !b;
  };
}

d3_selectionPrototype.each = function(callback) {
  return d3_selection_each(this, function(node, i, j) {
    callback.call(node, node.__data__, i, j);
  });
};

function d3_selection_each(groups, callback) {
  for (var j = 0, m = groups.length; j < m; j++) {
    for (var group = groups[j], i = 0, n = group.length, node; i < n; i++) {
      if (node = group[i]) callback(node, i, j);
    }
  }
  return groups;
}

d3_selectionPrototype.call = function(callback) {
  var args = d3_array(arguments);
  callback.apply(args[0] = this, args);
  return this;
};

d3_selectionPrototype.empty = function() {
  return !this.node();
};

d3_selectionPrototype.node = function() {
  for (var j = 0, m = this.length; j < m; j++) {
    for (var group = this[j], i = 0, n = group.length; i < n; i++) {
      var node = group[i];
      if (node) return node;
    }
  }
  return null;
};

d3_selectionPrototype.size = function() {
  var n = 0;
  d3_selection_each(this, function() { ++n; });
  return n;
};

function d3_selection_enter(selection) {
  d3_subclass(selection, d3_selection_enterPrototype);
  return selection;
}

var d3_selection_enterPrototype = [];

d3.selection.enter = d3_selection_enter;
d3.selection.enter.prototype = d3_selection_enterPrototype;

d3_selection_enterPrototype.append = d3_selectionPrototype.append;
d3_selection_enterPrototype.empty = d3_selectionPrototype.empty;
d3_selection_enterPrototype.node = d3_selectionPrototype.node;
d3_selection_enterPrototype.call = d3_selectionPrototype.call;
d3_selection_enterPrototype.size = d3_selectionPrototype.size;


d3_selection_enterPrototype.select = function(selector) {
  var subgroups = [],
      subgroup,
      subnode,
      upgroup,
      group,
      node;

  for (var j = -1, m = this.length; ++j < m;) {
    upgroup = (group = this[j]).update;
    subgroups.push(subgroup = []);
    subgroup.parentNode = group.parentNode;
    for (var i = -1, n = group.length; ++i < n;) {
      if (node = group[i]) {
        subgroup.push(upgroup[i] = subnode = selector.call(group.parentNode, node.__data__, i, j));
        subnode.__data__ = node.__data__;
      } else {
        subgroup.push(null);
      }
    }
  }

  return d3_selection(subgroups);
};

d3_selection_enterPrototype.insert = function(name, before) {
  if (arguments.length < 2) before = d3_selection_enterInsertBefore(this);
  return d3_selectionPrototype.insert.call(this, name, before);
};

function d3_selection_enterInsertBefore(enter) {
  var i0, j0;
  return function(d, i, j) {
    var group = enter[j].update,
        n = group.length,
        node;
    if (j != j0) j0 = j, i0 = 0;
    if (i >= i0) i0 = i + 1;
    while (!(node = group[i0]) && ++i0 < n);
    return node;
  };
}

// TODO fast singleton implementation?
d3.select = function(node) {
  var group;
  if (typeof node === "string") {
    group = [d3_select(node, d3_document)];
    group.parentNode = d3_document.documentElement;
  } else {
    group = [node];
    group.parentNode = d3_documentElement(node);
  }
  return d3_selection([group]);
};

d3.selectAll = function(nodes) {
  var group;
  if (typeof nodes === "string") {
    group = d3_array(d3_selectAll(nodes, d3_document));
    group.parentNode = d3_document.documentElement;
  } else {
    group = nodes;
    group.parentNode = null;
  }
  return d3_selection([group]);
};

d3_selectionPrototype.on = function(type, listener, capture) {
  var n = arguments.length;
  if (n < 3) {

    // For on(object) or on(object, boolean), the object specifies the event
    // types and listeners to add or remove. The optional boolean specifies
    // whether the listener captures events.
    if (typeof type !== "string") {
      if (n < 2) listener = false;
      for (capture in type) this.each(d3_selection_on(capture, type[capture], listener));
      return this;
    }

    // For on(string), return the listener for the first node.
    if (n < 2) return (n = this.node()["__on" + type]) && n._;

    // For on(string, function), use the default capture.
    capture = false;
  }

  // Otherwise, a type, listener and capture are specified, and handled as below.
  return this.each(d3_selection_on(type, listener, capture));
};

function d3_selection_on(type, listener, capture) {
  var name = "__on" + type,
      i = type.indexOf("."),
      wrap = d3_selection_onListener;

  if (i > 0) type = type.slice(0, i);
  var filter = d3_selection_onFilters.get(type);
  if (filter) type = filter, wrap = d3_selection_onFilter;

  function onRemove() {
    var l = this[name];
    if (l) {
      this.removeEventListener(type, l, l.$);
      delete this[name];
    }
  }

  function onAdd() {
    var l = wrap(listener, d3_array(arguments));
    if (typeof Raven !== 'undefined') l = Raven.wrap(l);
    onRemove.call(this);
    this.addEventListener(type, this[name] = l, l.$ = capture);
    l._ = listener;
  }

  function removeAll() {
    var re = new RegExp("^__on([^.]+)" + d3.requote(type) + "$"),
        match;
    for (var name in this) {
      if (match = name.match(re)) {
        var l = this[name];
        this.removeEventListener(match[1], l, l.$);
        delete this[name];
      }
    }
  }

  return i
      ? listener ? onAdd : onRemove
      : listener ? d3_noop : removeAll;
}

var d3_selection_onFilters = d3.map({
  mouseenter: "mouseover",
  mouseleave: "mouseout"
});

if (d3_document) {
  d3_selection_onFilters.forEach(function(k) {
    if ("on" + k in d3_document) d3_selection_onFilters.remove(k);
  });
}

function d3_selection_onListener(listener, argumentz) {
  return function(e) {
    var o = d3.event; // Events can be reentrant (e.g., focus).
    d3.event = e;
    argumentz[0] = this.__data__;
    try {
      listener.apply(this, argumentz);
    } finally {
      d3.event = o;
    }
  };
}

function d3_selection_onFilter(listener, argumentz) {
  var l = d3_selection_onListener(listener, argumentz);
  return function(e) {
    var target = this, related = e.relatedTarget;
    if (!related || (related !== target && !(related.compareDocumentPosition(target) & 8))) {
      l.call(target, e);
    }
  };
}

var d3_event_dragSelect,
    d3_event_dragId = 0;

function d3_event_dragSuppress(node) {
  var name = ".dragsuppress-" + ++d3_event_dragId,
      click = "click" + name,
      w = d3.select(d3_window(node))
          .on("touchmove" + name, d3_eventPreventDefault)
          .on("dragstart" + name, d3_eventPreventDefault)
          .on("selectstart" + name, d3_eventPreventDefault);

  if (d3_event_dragSelect == null) {
    d3_event_dragSelect = "onselectstart" in node ? false
        : d3_vendorSymbol(node.style, "userSelect");
  }

  if (d3_event_dragSelect) {
    var style = d3_documentElement(node).style,
        select = style[d3_event_dragSelect];
    style[d3_event_dragSelect] = "none";
  }

  return function(suppressClick) {
    w.on(name, null);
    if (d3_event_dragSelect) style[d3_event_dragSelect] = select;
    if (suppressClick) { // suppress the next click, but only if it’s immediate
      var off = function() { w.on(click, null); };
      w.on(click, function() { d3_eventCancel(); off(); }, true);
      setTimeout(off, 0);
    }
  };
}

d3.mouse = function(container) {
  return d3_mousePoint(container, d3_eventSource());
};

// https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=44083
var d3_mouse_bug44083 = this.navigator && /WebKit/.test(this.navigator.userAgent) ? -1 : 0;

function d3_mousePoint(container, e) {
  if (e.changedTouches) e = e.changedTouches[0];
  var svg = container.ownerSVGElement || container;
  if (svg.createSVGPoint) {
    var point = svg.createSVGPoint();
    if (d3_mouse_bug44083 < 0) {
      var window = d3_window(container);
      if (window.scrollX || window.scrollY) {
        svg = d3.select("body").append("svg").style({
          position: "absolute",
          top: 0,
          left: 0,
          margin: 0,
          padding: 0,
          border: "none"
        }, "important");
        var ctm = svg[0][0].getScreenCTM();
        d3_mouse_bug44083 = !(ctm.f || ctm.e);
        svg.remove();
      }
    }
    if (d3_mouse_bug44083) point.x = e.pageX, point.y = e.pageY;
    else point.x = e.clientX, point.y = e.clientY;
    point = point.matrixTransform(container.getScreenCTM().inverse());
    return [point.x, point.y];
  }
  var rect = container.getBoundingClientRect();
  return [e.clientX - rect.left - container.clientLeft, e.clientY - rect.top - container.clientTop];
};

d3.touches = function(container, touches) {
  if (arguments.length < 2) touches = d3_eventSource().touches;
  return touches ? d3_array(touches).map(function(touch) {
    var point = d3_mousePoint(container, touch);
    point.identifier = touch.identifier;
    return point;
  }) : [];
};
var ε = 1e-6,
    ε2 = ε * ε,
    π = Math.PI,
    τ = 2 * π,
    τε = τ - ε,
    halfπ = π / 2,
    d3_radians = π / 180,
    d3_degrees = 180 / π;

function d3_sgn(x) {
  return x > 0 ? 1 : x < 0 ? -1 : 0;
}

// Returns the 2D cross product of AB and AC vectors, i.e., the z-component of
// the 3D cross product in a quadrant I Cartesian coordinate system (+x is
// right, +y is up). Returns a positive value if ABC is counter-clockwise,
// negative if clockwise, and zero if the points are collinear.
function d3_cross2d(a, b, c) {
  return (b[0] - a[0]) * (c[1] - a[1]) - (b[1] - a[1]) * (c[0] - a[0]);
}

function d3_acos(x) {
  return x > 1 ? 0 : x < -1 ? π : Math.acos(x);
}

function d3_asin(x) {
  return x > 1 ? halfπ : x < -1 ? -halfπ : Math.asin(x);
}

function d3_sinh(x) {
  return ((x = Math.exp(x)) - 1 / x) / 2;
}

function d3_cosh(x) {
  return ((x = Math.exp(x)) + 1 / x) / 2;
}

function d3_tanh(x) {
  return ((x = Math.exp(2 * x)) - 1) / (x + 1);
}

function d3_haversin(x) {
  return (x = Math.sin(x / 2)) * x;
}

var ρ = Math.SQRT2,
    ρ2 = 2,
    ρ4 = 4;

// p0 = [ux0, uy0, w0]
// p1 = [ux1, uy1, w1]
d3.interpolateZoom = function(p0, p1) {
  var ux0 = p0[0], uy0 = p0[1], w0 = p0[2],
      ux1 = p1[0], uy1 = p1[1], w1 = p1[2];

  var dx = ux1 - ux0,
      dy = uy1 - uy0,
      d2 = dx * dx + dy * dy,
      d1 = Math.sqrt(d2),
      b0 = (w1 * w1 - w0 * w0 + ρ4 * d2) / (2 * w0 * ρ2 * d1),
      b1 = (w1 * w1 - w0 * w0 - ρ4 * d2) / (2 * w1 * ρ2 * d1),
      r0 = Math.log(Math.sqrt(b0 * b0 + 1) - b0),
      r1 = Math.log(Math.sqrt(b1 * b1 + 1) - b1),
      dr = r1 - r0,
      S = (dr || Math.log(w1 / w0)) / ρ;

  function interpolate(t) {
    var s = t * S;
    if (dr) {
      // General case.
      var coshr0 = d3_cosh(r0),
          u = w0 / (ρ2 * d1) * (coshr0 * d3_tanh(ρ * s + r0) - d3_sinh(r0));
      return [
        ux0 + u * dx,
        uy0 + u * dy,
        w0 * coshr0 / d3_cosh(ρ * s + r0)
      ];
    }
    // Special case for u0 ~= u1.
    return [
      ux0 + t * dx,
      uy0 + t * dy,
      w0 * Math.exp(ρ * s)
    ];
  }

  interpolate.duration = S * 1000;

  return interpolate;
};

d3.behavior.zoom = function() {
  var view = {x: 0, y: 0, k: 1},
      translate0, // translate when we started zooming (to avoid drift)
      center0, // implicit desired position of translate0 after zooming
      center, // explicit desired position of translate0 after zooming
      size = [960, 500], // viewport size; required for zoom interpolation
      scaleExtent = d3_behavior_zoomInfinity,
      duration = 250,
      zooming = 0,
      mousedown = "mousedown.zoom",
      mousemove = "mousemove.zoom",
      mouseup = "mouseup.zoom",
      mousewheelTimer,
      touchstart = "touchstart.zoom",
      touchtime, // time of last touchstart (to detect double-tap)
      event = d3_eventDispatch(zoom, "zoomstart", "zoom", "zoomend"),
      x0,
      x1,
      y0,
      y1;

  // Lazily determine the DOM’s support for Wheel events.
  // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla_event_reference/wheel
  if (!d3_behavior_zoomWheel) {
    d3_behavior_zoomWheel = "onwheel" in d3_document ? (d3_behavior_zoomDelta = function() { return -d3.event.deltaY * (d3.event.deltaMode ? 120 : 1); }, "wheel")
        : "onmousewheel" in d3_document ? (d3_behavior_zoomDelta = function() { return d3.event.wheelDelta; }, "mousewheel")
        : (d3_behavior_zoomDelta = function() { return -d3.event.detail; }, "MozMousePixelScroll");
  }

  function zoom(g) {
    g   .on(mousedown, mousedowned)
        .on(d3_behavior_zoomWheel + ".zoom", mousewheeled)
        .on("dblclick.zoom", dblclicked)
        .on(touchstart, touchstarted);
  }

  zoom.event = function(g) {
    g.each(function() {
      var dispatch = event.of(this, arguments),
          view1 = view;
      if (d3_transitionInheritId) {
        d3.select(this).transition()
            .each("start.zoom", function() {
              view = this.__chart__ || {x: 0, y: 0, k: 1}; // pre-transition state
              zoomstarted(dispatch);
            })
            .tween("zoom:zoom", function() {
              var dx = size[0],
                  dy = size[1],
                  cx = center0 ? center0[0] : dx / 2,
                  cy = center0 ? center0[1] : dy / 2,
                  i = d3.interpolateZoom(
                    [(cx - view.x) / view.k, (cy - view.y) / view.k, dx / view.k],
                    [(cx - view1.x) / view1.k, (cy - view1.y) / view1.k, dx / view1.k]
                  );
              return function(t) {
                var l = i(t), k = dx / l[2];
                this.__chart__ = view = {x: cx - l[0] * k, y: cy - l[1] * k, k: k};
                zoomed(dispatch);
              };
            })
            .each("interrupt.zoom", function() {
              zoomended(dispatch);
            })
            .each("end.zoom", function() {
              zoomended(dispatch);
            });
      } else {
        this.__chart__ = view;
        zoomstarted(dispatch);
        zoomed(dispatch);
        zoomended(dispatch);
      }
    });
  }

  zoom.translate = function(_) {
    if (!arguments.length) return [view.x, view.y];
    view = {x: +_[0], y: +_[1], k: view.k}; // copy-on-write
    rescale();
    return zoom;
  };

  zoom.scale = function(_) {
    if (!arguments.length) return view.k;
    view = {x: view.x, y: view.y, k: +_}; // copy-on-write
    rescale();
    return zoom;
  };

  zoom.scaleExtent = function(_) {
    if (!arguments.length) return scaleExtent;
    scaleExtent = _ == null ? d3_behavior_zoomInfinity : [+_[0], +_[1]];
    return zoom;
  };

  zoom.center = function(_) {
    if (!arguments.length) return center;
    center = _ && [+_[0], +_[1]];
    return zoom;
  };

  zoom.size = function(_) {
    if (!arguments.length) return size;
    size = _ && [+_[0], +_[1]];
    return zoom;
  };

  zoom.duration = function(_) {
    if (!arguments.length) return duration;
    duration = +_; // TODO function based on interpolateZoom distance?
    return zoom;
  };

  zoom.x = function(z) {
    if (!arguments.length) return x1;
    x1 = z;
    x0 = z.copy();
    view = {x: 0, y: 0, k: 1}; // copy-on-write
    return zoom;
  };

  zoom.y = function(z) {
    if (!arguments.length) return y1;
    y1 = z;
    y0 = z.copy();
    view = {x: 0, y: 0, k: 1}; // copy-on-write
    return zoom;
  };

  function location(p) {
    return [(p[0] - view.x) / view.k, (p[1] - view.y) / view.k];
  }

  function point(l) {
    return [l[0] * view.k + view.x, l[1] * view.k + view.y];
  }

  function scaleTo(s) {
    view.k = Math.max(scaleExtent[0], Math.min(scaleExtent[1], s));
  }

  function translateTo(p, l) {
    l = point(l);
    view.x += p[0] - l[0];
    view.y += p[1] - l[1];
  }

  function zoomTo(that, p, l, k) {
    that.__chart__ = {x: view.x, y: view.y, k: view.k};

    scaleTo(Math.pow(2, k));
    translateTo(center0 = p, l);

    that = d3.select(that);
    if (duration > 0) that = that.transition().duration(duration);
    that.call(zoom.event);
  }

  function rescale() {
    if (x1) x1.domain(x0.range().map(function(x) { return (x - view.x) / view.k; }).map(x0.invert));
    if (y1) y1.domain(y0.range().map(function(y) { return (y - view.y) / view.k; }).map(y0.invert));
  }

  function zoomstarted(dispatch) {
    if (!zooming++) dispatch({type: "zoomstart"});
  }

  function zoomed(dispatch) {
    rescale();
    dispatch({type: "zoom", scale: view.k, translate: [view.x, view.y]});
  }

  function zoomended(dispatch) {
    if (!--zooming) dispatch({type: "zoomend"});
    center0 = null;
  }

  function mousedowned() {
    var that = this,
        target = d3.event.target,
        dispatch = event.of(that, arguments),
        dragged = 0,
        subject = d3.select(d3_window(that)).on(mousemove, moved).on(mouseup, ended),
        location0 = location(d3.mouse(that)),
        dragRestore = d3_event_dragSuppress(that);

    d3_selection_interrupt.call(that);
    zoomstarted(dispatch);

    function moved() {
      dragged = 1;
      translateTo(d3.mouse(that), location0);
      zoomed(dispatch);
    }

    function ended() {
      subject.on(mousemove, null).on(mouseup, null);
      dragRestore(dragged && d3.event.target === target);
      zoomended(dispatch);
    }
  }

  // These closures persist for as long as at least one touch is active.
  function touchstarted() {
    var that = this,
        dispatch = event.of(that, arguments),
        locations0 = {}, // touchstart locations
        distance0 = 0, // distance² between initial touches
        scale0, // scale when we started touching
        zoomName = ".zoom-" + d3.event.changedTouches[0].identifier,
        touchmove = "touchmove" + zoomName,
        touchend = "touchend" + zoomName,
        targets = [],
        subject = d3.select(that),
        dragRestore = d3_event_dragSuppress(that);

    started();
    zoomstarted(dispatch);

    // Workaround for Chrome issue 412723: the touchstart listener must be set
    // after the touchmove listener.
    subject.on(mousedown, null).on(touchstart, started); // prevent duplicate events

    // Updates locations of any touches in locations0.
    function relocate() {
      var touches = d3.touches(that);
      scale0 = view.k;
      touches.forEach(function(t) {
        if (t.identifier in locations0) locations0[t.identifier] = location(t);
      });
      return touches;
    }

    // Temporarily override touchstart while gesture is active.
    function started() {

      // Listen for touchmove and touchend on the target of touchstart.
      var target = d3.event.target;
      d3.select(target).on(touchmove, moved).on(touchend, ended);
      targets.push(target);

      // Only track touches started on the same subject element.
      var changed = d3.event.changedTouches;
      for (var i = 0, n = changed.length; i < n; ++i) {
        locations0[changed[i].identifier] = null;
      }

      var touches = relocate(),
          now = Date.now();

      if (touches.length === 1) {
        if (now - touchtime < 500) { // dbltap
          var p = touches[0];
          zoomTo(that, p, locations0[p.identifier], Math.floor(Math.log(view.k) / Math.LN2) + 1);
          d3_eventPreventDefault();
        }
        touchtime = now;
      } else if (touches.length > 1) {
        var p = touches[0], q = touches[1],
            dx = p[0] - q[0], dy = p[1] - q[1];
        distance0 = dx * dx + dy * dy;
      }
    }

    function moved() {
      var touches = d3.touches(that),
          p0, l0,
          p1, l1;

      d3_selection_interrupt.call(that);

      for (var i = 0, n = touches.length; i < n; ++i, l1 = null) {
        p1 = touches[i];
        if (l1 = locations0[p1.identifier]) {
          if (l0) break;
          p0 = p1, l0 = l1;
        }
      }

      if (l1) {
        var distance1 = (distance1 = p1[0] - p0[0]) * distance1 + (distance1 = p1[1] - p0[1]) * distance1,
            scale1 = distance0 && Math.sqrt(distance1 / distance0);
        p0 = [(p0[0] + p1[0]) / 2, (p0[1] + p1[1]) / 2];
        l0 = [(l0[0] + l1[0]) / 2, (l0[1] + l1[1]) / 2];
        scaleTo(scale1 * scale0);
      }

      touchtime = null;
      translateTo(p0, l0);
      zoomed(dispatch);
    }

    function ended() {
      // If there are any globally-active touches remaining, remove the ended
      // touches from locations0.
      if (d3.event.touches.length) {
        var changed = d3.event.changedTouches;
        for (var i = 0, n = changed.length; i < n; ++i) {
          delete locations0[changed[i].identifier];
        }
        // If locations0 is not empty, then relocate and continue listening for
        // touchmove and touchend.
        for (var identifier in locations0) {
          return void relocate(); // locations may have detached due to rotation
        }
      }
      // Otherwise, remove touchmove and touchend listeners.
      d3.selectAll(targets).on(zoomName, null);
      subject.on(mousedown, mousedowned).on(touchstart, touchstarted);
      dragRestore();
      zoomended(dispatch);
    }
  }

  function mousewheeled() {
    var dispatch = event.of(this, arguments);
    if (mousewheelTimer) clearTimeout(mousewheelTimer);
    else translate0 = location(center0 = center || d3.mouse(this)), d3_selection_interrupt.call(this), zoomstarted(dispatch);
    mousewheelTimer = setTimeout(function() { mousewheelTimer = null; zoomended(dispatch); }, 50);
    d3_eventPreventDefault();
    scaleTo(Math.pow(2, d3_behavior_zoomDelta() * .002) * view.k);
    translateTo(center0, translate0);
    zoomed(dispatch);
  }

  function dblclicked() {
    var p = d3.mouse(this),
        k = Math.log(view.k) / Math.LN2;

    zoomTo(this, p, location(p), d3.event.shiftKey ? Math.ceil(k) - 1 : Math.floor(k) + 1);
  }

  return d3.rebind(zoom, event, "on");
};

var d3_behavior_zoomInfinity = [0, Infinity], // default scale extent
    d3_behavior_zoomDelta, // initialized lazily
    d3_behavior_zoomWheel;
function d3_functor(v) {
  return typeof v === "function" ? v : function() { return v; };
}

d3.functor = d3_functor;

d3.touch = function(container, touches, identifier) {
  if (arguments.length < 3) identifier = touches, touches = d3_eventSource().changedTouches;
  if (touches) for (var i = 0, n = touches.length, touch; i < n; ++i) {
    if ((touch = touches[i]).identifier === identifier) {
      return d3_mousePoint(container, touch);
    }
  }
};

var d3_timer_queueHead,
    d3_timer_queueTail,
    d3_timer_interval, // is an interval (or frame) active?
    d3_timer_timeout, // is a timeout active?
    d3_timer_active, // active timer object
    d3_timer_frame = this[d3_vendorSymbol(this, "requestAnimationFrame")] || function(callback) { setTimeout(callback, 17); };

// The timer will continue to fire until callback returns true.
d3.timer = function(callback, delay, then) {
  var n = arguments.length;
  if (n < 2) delay = 0;
  if (n < 3) then = Date.now();

  // Add the callback to the tail of the queue.
  var time = then + delay, timer = {c: callback, t: time, f: false, n: null};
  if (d3_timer_queueTail) d3_timer_queueTail.n = timer;
  else d3_timer_queueHead = timer;
  d3_timer_queueTail = timer;

  // Start animatin'!
  if (!d3_timer_interval) {
    d3_timer_timeout = clearTimeout(d3_timer_timeout);
    d3_timer_interval = 1;
    d3_timer_frame(d3_timer_step);
  }
};

function d3_timer_step() {
  var now = d3_timer_mark(),
      delay = d3_timer_sweep() - now;
  if (delay > 24) {
    if (isFinite(delay)) {
      clearTimeout(d3_timer_timeout);
      d3_timer_timeout = setTimeout(d3_timer_step, delay);
    }
    d3_timer_interval = 0;
  } else {
    d3_timer_interval = 1;
    d3_timer_frame(d3_timer_step);
  }
}

d3.timer.flush = function() {
  d3_timer_mark();
  d3_timer_sweep();
};

function d3_timer_mark() {
  var now = Date.now();
  d3_timer_active = d3_timer_queueHead;
  while (d3_timer_active) {
    if (now >= d3_timer_active.t) d3_timer_active.f = d3_timer_active.c(now - d3_timer_active.t);
    d3_timer_active = d3_timer_active.n;
  }
  return now;
}

// Flush after callbacks to avoid concurrent queue modification.
// Returns the time of the earliest active timer, post-sweep.
function d3_timer_sweep() {
  var t0,
      t1 = d3_timer_queueHead,
      time = Infinity;
  while (t1) {
    if (t1.f) {
      t1 = t0 ? t0.n = t1.n : d3_timer_queueHead = t1.n;
    } else {
      if (t1.t < time) time = t1.t;
      t1 = (t0 = t1).n;
    }
  }
  d3_timer_queueTail = t0;
  return time;
}
d3.geo = {};

d3.geo.stream = function(object, listener) {
  if (object && d3_geo_streamObjectType.hasOwnProperty(object.type)) {
    d3_geo_streamObjectType[object.type](object, listener);
  } else {
    d3_geo_streamGeometry(object, listener);
  }
};

function d3_geo_streamGeometry(geometry, listener) {
  if (geometry && d3_geo_streamGeometryType.hasOwnProperty(geometry.type)) {
    d3_geo_streamGeometryType[geometry.type](geometry, listener);
  }
}

var d3_geo_streamObjectType = {
  Feature: function(feature, listener) {
    d3_geo_streamGeometry(feature.geometry, listener);
  },
  FeatureCollection: function(object, listener) {
    var features = object.features, i = -1, n = features.length;
    while (++i < n) d3_geo_streamGeometry(features[i].geometry, listener);
  }
};

var d3_geo_streamGeometryType = {
  Sphere: function(object, listener) {
    listener.sphere();
  },
  Point: function(object, listener) {
    object = object.coordinates;
    listener.point(object[0], object[1], object[2]);
  },
  MultiPoint: function(object, listener) {
    var coordinates = object.coordinates, i = -1, n = coordinates.length;
    while (++i < n) object = coordinates[i], listener.point(object[0], object[1], object[2]);
  },
  LineString: function(object, listener) {
    d3_geo_streamLine(object.coordinates, listener, 0);
  },
  MultiLineString: function(object, listener) {
    var coordinates = object.coordinates, i = -1, n = coordinates.length;
    while (++i < n) d3_geo_streamLine(coordinates[i], listener, 0);
  },
  Polygon: function(object, listener) {
    d3_geo_streamPolygon(object.coordinates, listener);
  },
  MultiPolygon: function(object, listener) {
    var coordinates = object.coordinates, i = -1, n = coordinates.length;
    while (++i < n) d3_geo_streamPolygon(coordinates[i], listener);
  },
  GeometryCollection: function(object, listener) {
    var geometries = object.geometries, i = -1, n = geometries.length;
    while (++i < n) d3_geo_streamGeometry(geometries[i], listener);
  }
};

function d3_geo_streamLine(coordinates, listener, closed) {
  var i = -1, n = coordinates.length - closed, coordinate;
  listener.lineStart();
  while (++i < n) coordinate = coordinates[i], listener.point(coordinate[0], coordinate[1], coordinate[2]);
  listener.lineEnd();
}

function d3_geo_streamPolygon(coordinates, listener) {
  var i = -1, n = coordinates.length;
  listener.polygonStart();
  while (++i < n) d3_geo_streamLine(coordinates[i], listener, 1);
  listener.polygonEnd();
}

d3.geo.length = function(object) {
  d3_geo_lengthSum = 0;
  d3.geo.stream(object, d3_geo_length);
  return d3_geo_lengthSum;
};

var d3_geo_lengthSum;

var d3_geo_length = {
  sphere: d3_noop,
  point: d3_noop,
  lineStart: d3_geo_lengthLineStart,
  lineEnd: d3_noop,
  polygonStart: d3_noop,
  polygonEnd: d3_noop
};

function d3_geo_lengthLineStart() {
  var λ0, sinφ0, cosφ0;

  d3_geo_length.point = function(λ, φ) {
    λ0 = λ * d3_radians, sinφ0 = Math.sin(φ *= d3_radians), cosφ0 = Math.cos(φ);
    d3_geo_length.point = nextPoint;
  };

  d3_geo_length.lineEnd = function() {
    d3_geo_length.point = d3_geo_length.lineEnd = d3_noop;
  };

  function nextPoint(λ, φ) {
    var sinφ = Math.sin(φ *= d3_radians),
        cosφ = Math.cos(φ),
        t = abs((λ *= d3_radians) - λ0),
        cosΔλ = Math.cos(t);
    d3_geo_lengthSum += Math.atan2(Math.sqrt((t = cosφ * Math.sin(t)) * t + (t = cosφ0 * sinφ - sinφ0 * cosφ * cosΔλ) * t), sinφ0 * sinφ + cosφ0 * cosφ * cosΔλ);
    λ0 = λ, sinφ0 = sinφ, cosφ0 = cosφ;
  }
}
function d3_identity(d) {
  return d;
}
function d3_true() {
  return true;
}

function d3_geo_spherical(cartesian) {
  return [
    Math.atan2(cartesian[1], cartesian[0]),
    d3_asin(cartesian[2])
  ];
}

function d3_geo_sphericalEqual(a, b) {
  return abs(a[0] - b[0]) < ε && abs(a[1] - b[1]) < ε;
}

// General spherical polygon clipping algorithm: takes a polygon, cuts it into
// visible line segments and rejoins the segments by interpolating along the
// clip edge.
function d3_geo_clipPolygon(segments, compare, clipStartInside, interpolate, listener) {
  var subject = [],
      clip = [];

  segments.forEach(function(segment) {
    if ((n = segment.length - 1) <= 0) return;
    var n, p0 = segment[0], p1 = segment[n];

    // If the first and last points of a segment are coincident, then treat as
    // a closed ring.
    // TODO if all rings are closed, then the winding order of the exterior
    // ring should be checked.
    if (d3_geo_sphericalEqual(p0, p1)) {
      listener.lineStart();
      for (var i = 0; i < n; ++i) listener.point((p0 = segment[i])[0], p0[1]);
      listener.lineEnd();
      return;
    }

    var a = new d3_geo_clipPolygonIntersection(p0, segment, null, true),
        b = new d3_geo_clipPolygonIntersection(p0, null, a, false);
    a.o = b;
    subject.push(a);
    clip.push(b);
    a = new d3_geo_clipPolygonIntersection(p1, segment, null, false);
    b = new d3_geo_clipPolygonIntersection(p1, null, a, true);
    a.o = b;
    subject.push(a);
    clip.push(b);
  });
  clip.sort(compare);
  d3_geo_clipPolygonLinkCircular(subject);
  d3_geo_clipPolygonLinkCircular(clip);
  if (!subject.length) return;

  for (var i = 0, entry = clipStartInside, n = clip.length; i < n; ++i) {
    clip[i].e = entry = !entry;
  }

  var start = subject[0],
      points,
      point;
  while (1) {
    // Find first unvisited intersection.
    var current = start,
        isSubject = true;
    while (current.v) if ((current = current.n) === start) return;
    points = current.z;
    listener.lineStart();
    do {
      current.v = current.o.v = true;
      if (current.e) {
        if (isSubject) {
          for (var i = 0, n = points.length; i < n; ++i) listener.point((point = points[i])[0], point[1]);
        } else {
          interpolate(current.x, current.n.x, 1, listener);
        }
        current = current.n;
      } else {
        if (isSubject) {
          points = current.p.z;
          for (var i = points.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) listener.point((point = points[i])[0], point[1]);
        } else {
          interpolate(current.x, current.p.x, -1, listener);
        }
        current = current.p;
      }
      current = current.o;
      points = current.z;
      isSubject = !isSubject;
    } while (!current.v);
    listener.lineEnd();
  }
}

function d3_geo_clipPolygonLinkCircular(array) {
  if (!(n = array.length)) return;
  var n,
      i = 0,
      a = array[0],
      b;
  while (++i < n) {
    a.n = b = array[i];
    b.p = a;
    a = b;
  }
  a.n = b = array[0];
  b.p = a;
}

function d3_geo_clipPolygonIntersection(point, points, other, entry) {
  this.x = point;
  this.z = points;
  this.o = other; // another intersection
  this.e = entry; // is an entry?
  this.v = false; // visited
  this.n = this.p = null; // next & previous
}

function d3_geo_clip(pointVisible, clipLine, interpolate, clipStart) {
  return function(rotate, listener) {
    var line = clipLine(listener),
        rotatedClipStart = rotate.invert(clipStart[0], clipStart[1]);

    var clip = {
      point: point,
      lineStart: lineStart,
      lineEnd: lineEnd,
      polygonStart: function() {
        clip.point = pointRing;
        clip.lineStart = ringStart;
        clip.lineEnd = ringEnd;
        segments = [];
        polygon = [];
      },
      polygonEnd: function() {
        clip.point = point;
        clip.lineStart = lineStart;
        clip.lineEnd = lineEnd;

        segments = d3.merge(segments);
        var clipStartInside = d3_geo_pointInPolygon(rotatedClipStart, polygon);
        if (segments.length) {
          if (!polygonStarted) listener.polygonStart(), polygonStarted = true;
          d3_geo_clipPolygon(segments, d3_geo_clipSort, clipStartInside, interpolate, listener);
        } else if (clipStartInside) {
          if (!polygonStarted) listener.polygonStart(), polygonStarted = true;
          listener.lineStart();
          interpolate(null, null, 1, listener);
          listener.lineEnd();
        }
        if (polygonStarted) listener.polygonEnd(), polygonStarted = false;
        segments = polygon = null;
      },
      sphere: function() {
        listener.polygonStart();
        listener.lineStart();
        interpolate(null, null, 1, listener);
        listener.lineEnd();
        listener.polygonEnd();
      }
    };

    function point(λ, φ) {
      var point = rotate(λ, φ);
      if (pointVisible(λ = point[0], φ = point[1])) listener.point(λ, φ);
    }
    function pointLine(λ, φ) {
      var point = rotate(λ, φ);
      line.point(point[0], point[1]);
    }
    function lineStart() { clip.point = pointLine; line.lineStart(); }
    function lineEnd() { clip.point = point; line.lineEnd(); }

    var segments;

    var buffer = d3_geo_clipBufferListener(),
        ringListener = clipLine(buffer),
        polygonStarted = false,
        polygon,
        ring;

    function pointRing(λ, φ) {
      ring.push([λ, φ]);
      var point = rotate(λ, φ);
      ringListener.point(point[0], point[1]);
    }

    function ringStart() {
      ringListener.lineStart();
      ring = [];
    }

    function ringEnd() {
      pointRing(ring[0][0], ring[0][1]);
      ringListener.lineEnd();

      var clean = ringListener.clean(),
          ringSegments = buffer.buffer(),
          segment,
          n = ringSegments.length;

      ring.pop();
      polygon.push(ring);
      ring = null;

      if (!n) return;

      // No intersections.
      if (clean & 1) {
        segment = ringSegments[0];
        var n = segment.length - 1,
            i = -1,
            point;
        if (n > 0) {
          if (!polygonStarted) listener.polygonStart(), polygonStarted = true;
          listener.lineStart();
          while (++i < n) listener.point((point = segment[i])[0], point[1]);
          listener.lineEnd();
        }
        return;
      }

      // Rejoin connected segments.
      // TODO reuse bufferListener.rejoin()?
      if (n > 1 && clean & 2) ringSegments.push(ringSegments.pop().concat(ringSegments.shift()));

      segments.push(ringSegments.filter(d3_geo_clipSegmentLength1));
    }

    return clip;
  };
}

function d3_geo_clipSegmentLength1(segment) {
  return segment.length > 1;
}

function d3_geo_clipBufferListener() {
  var lines = [],
      line;
  return {
    lineStart: function() { lines.push(line = []); },
    point: function(λ, φ) { line.push([λ, φ]); },
    lineEnd: d3_noop,
    buffer: function() {
      var buffer = lines;
      lines = [];
      line = null;
      return buffer;
    },
    rejoin: function() {
      if (lines.length > 1) lines.push(lines.pop().concat(lines.shift()));
    }
  };
}

// Intersection points are sorted along the clip edge. For both antimeridian
// cutting and circle clipping, the same comparison is used.
function d3_geo_clipSort(a, b) {
  return ((a = a.x)[0] < 0 ? a[1] - halfπ - ε : halfπ - a[1])
       - ((b = b.x)[0] < 0 ? b[1] - halfπ - ε : halfπ - b[1]);
}

var d3_geo_clipAntimeridian = d3_geo_clip(
    d3_true,
    d3_geo_clipAntimeridianLine,
    d3_geo_clipAntimeridianInterpolate,
    [-π, -π / 2]);

// Takes a line and cuts into visible segments. Return values:
//   0: there were intersections or the line was empty.
//   1: no intersections.
//   2: there were intersections, and the first and last segments should be
//      rejoined.
function d3_geo_clipAntimeridianLine(listener) {
  var λ0 = NaN,
      φ0 = NaN,
      sλ0 = NaN,
      clean; // no intersections

  return {
    lineStart: function() {
      listener.lineStart();
      clean = 1;
    },
    point: function(λ1, φ1) {
      var sλ1 = λ1 > 0 ? π : -π,
          dλ = abs(λ1 - λ0);
      if (abs(dλ - π) < ε) { // line crosses a pole
        listener.point(λ0, φ0 = (φ0 + φ1) / 2 > 0 ? halfπ : -halfπ);
        listener.point(sλ0, φ0);
        listener.lineEnd();
        listener.lineStart();
        listener.point(sλ1, φ0);
        listener.point(λ1, φ0);
        clean = 0;
      } else if (sλ0 !== sλ1 && dλ >= π) { // line crosses antimeridian
        // handle degeneracies
        if (abs(λ0 - sλ0) < ε) λ0 -= sλ0 * ε;
        if (abs(λ1 - sλ1) < ε) λ1 -= sλ1 * ε;
        φ0 = d3_geo_clipAntimeridianIntersect(λ0, φ0, λ1, φ1);
        listener.point(sλ0, φ0);
        listener.lineEnd();
        listener.lineStart();
        listener.point(sλ1, φ0);
        clean = 0;
      }
      listener.point(λ0 = λ1, φ0 = φ1);
      sλ0 = sλ1;
    },
    lineEnd: function() {
      listener.lineEnd();
      λ0 = φ0 = NaN;
    },
    // if there are intersections, we always rejoin the first and last segments.
    clean: function() { return 2 - clean; }
  };
}

function d3_geo_clipAntimeridianIntersect(λ0, φ0, λ1, φ1) {
  var cosφ0,
      cosφ1,
      sinλ0_λ1 = Math.sin(λ0 - λ1);
  return abs(sinλ0_λ1) > ε
      ? Math.atan((Math.sin(φ0) * (cosφ1 = Math.cos(φ1)) * Math.sin(λ1)
                 - Math.sin(φ1) * (cosφ0 = Math.cos(φ0)) * Math.sin(λ0))
                 / (cosφ0 * cosφ1 * sinλ0_λ1))
      : (φ0 + φ1) / 2;
}

function d3_geo_clipAntimeridianInterpolate(from, to, direction, listener) {
  var φ;
  if (from == null) {
    φ = direction * halfπ;
    listener.point(-π,  φ);
    listener.point( 0,  φ);
    listener.point( π,  φ);
    listener.point( π,  0);
    listener.point( π, -φ);
    listener.point( 0, -φ);
    listener.point(-π, -φ);
    listener.point(-π,  0);
    listener.point(-π,  φ);
  } else if (abs(from[0] - to[0]) > ε) {
    var s = from[0] < to[0] ? π : -π;
    φ = direction * s / 2;
    listener.point(-s, φ);
    listener.point( 0, φ);
    listener.point( s, φ);
  } else {
    listener.point(to[0], to[1]);
  }
}
// TODO
// cross and scale return new vectors,
// whereas add and normalize operate in-place

function d3_geo_cartesian(spherical) {
  var λ = spherical[0],
      φ = spherical[1],
      cosφ = Math.cos(φ);
  return [
    cosφ * Math.cos(λ),
    cosφ * Math.sin(λ),
    Math.sin(φ)
  ];
}

function d3_geo_cartesianDot(a, b) {
  return a[0] * b[0] + a[1] * b[1] + a[2] * b[2];
}

function d3_geo_cartesianCross(a, b) {
  return [
    a[1] * b[2] - a[2] * b[1],
    a[2] * b[0] - a[0] * b[2],
    a[0] * b[1] - a[1] * b[0]
  ];
}

function d3_geo_cartesianAdd(a, b) {
  a[0] += b[0];
  a[1] += b[1];
  a[2] += b[2];
}

function d3_geo_cartesianScale(vector, k) {
  return [
    vector[0] * k,
    vector[1] * k,
    vector[2] * k
  ];
}

function d3_geo_cartesianNormalize(d) {
  var l = Math.sqrt(d[0] * d[0] + d[1] * d[1] + d[2] * d[2]);
  d[0] /= l;
  d[1] /= l;
  d[2] /= l;
}
function d3_geo_compose(a, b) {

  function compose(x, y) {
    return x = a(x, y), b(x[0], x[1]);
  }

  if (a.invert && b.invert) compose.invert = function(x, y) {
    return x = b.invert(x, y), x && a.invert(x[0], x[1]);
  };

  return compose;
}

function d3_geo_equirectangular(λ, φ) {
  return [λ, φ];
}

(d3.geo.equirectangular = function() {
  return d3_geo_projection(d3_geo_equirectangular);
}).raw = d3_geo_equirectangular.invert = d3_geo_equirectangular;

d3.geo.rotation = function(rotate) {
  rotate = d3_geo_rotation(rotate[0] % 360 * d3_radians, rotate[1] * d3_radians, rotate.length > 2 ? rotate[2] * d3_radians : 0);

  function forward(coordinates) {
    coordinates = rotate(coordinates[0] * d3_radians, coordinates[1] * d3_radians);
    return coordinates[0] *= d3_degrees, coordinates[1] *= d3_degrees, coordinates;
  }

  forward.invert = function(coordinates) {
    coordinates = rotate.invert(coordinates[0] * d3_radians, coordinates[1] * d3_radians);
    return coordinates[0] *= d3_degrees, coordinates[1] *= d3_degrees, coordinates;
  };

  return forward;
};

function d3_geo_identityRotation(λ, φ) {
  return [λ > π ? λ - τ : λ < -π ? λ + τ : λ, φ];
}

d3_geo_identityRotation.invert = d3_geo_equirectangular;

// Note: |δλ| must be < 2π
function d3_geo_rotation(δλ, δφ, δγ) {
  return δλ ? (δφ || δγ ? d3_geo_compose(d3_geo_rotationλ(δλ), d3_geo_rotationφγ(δφ, δγ))
    : d3_geo_rotationλ(δλ))
    : (δφ || δγ ? d3_geo_rotationφγ(δφ, δγ)
    : d3_geo_identityRotation);
}

function d3_geo_forwardRotationλ(δλ) {
  return function(λ, φ) {
    return λ += δλ, [λ > π ? λ - τ : λ < -π ? λ + τ : λ, φ];
  };
}

function d3_geo_rotationλ(δλ) {
  var rotation = d3_geo_forwardRotationλ(δλ);
  rotation.invert = d3_geo_forwardRotationλ(-δλ);
  return rotation;
}

function d3_geo_rotationφγ(δφ, δγ) {
  var cosδφ = Math.cos(δφ),
      sinδφ = Math.sin(δφ),
      cosδγ = Math.cos(δγ),
      sinδγ = Math.sin(δγ);

  function rotation(λ, φ) {
    var cosφ = Math.cos(φ),
        x = Math.cos(λ) * cosφ,
        y = Math.sin(λ) * cosφ,
        z = Math.sin(φ),
        k = z * cosδφ + x * sinδφ;
    return [
      Math.atan2(y * cosδγ - k * sinδγ, x * cosδφ - z * sinδφ),
      d3_asin(k * cosδγ + y * sinδγ)
    ];
  }

  rotation.invert = function(λ, φ) {
    var cosφ = Math.cos(φ),
        x = Math.cos(λ) * cosφ,
        y = Math.sin(λ) * cosφ,
        z = Math.sin(φ),
        k = z * cosδγ - y * sinδγ;
    return [
      Math.atan2(y * cosδγ + z * sinδγ, x * cosδφ + k * sinδφ),
      d3_asin(k * cosδφ - x * sinδφ)
    ];
  };

  return rotation;
}

d3.geo.circle = function() {
  var origin = [0, 0],
      angle,
      precision = 6,
      interpolate;

  function circle() {
    var center = typeof origin === "function" ? origin.apply(this, arguments) : origin,
        rotate = d3_geo_rotation(-center[0] * d3_radians, -center[1] * d3_radians, 0).invert,
        ring = [];

    interpolate(null, null, 1, {
      point: function(x, y) {
        ring.push(x = rotate(x, y));
        x[0] *= d3_degrees, x[1] *= d3_degrees;
      }
    });

    return {type: "Polygon", coordinates: [ring]};
  }

  circle.origin = function(x) {
    if (!arguments.length) return origin;
    origin = x;
    return circle;
  };

  circle.angle = function(x) {
    if (!arguments.length) return angle;
    interpolate = d3_geo_circleInterpolate((angle = +x) * d3_radians, precision * d3_radians);
    return circle;
  };

  circle.precision = function(_) {
    if (!arguments.length) return precision;
    interpolate = d3_geo_circleInterpolate(angle * d3_radians, (precision = +_) * d3_radians);
    return circle;
  };

  return circle.angle(90);
};

// Interpolates along a circle centered at [0°, 0°], with a given radius and
// precision.
function d3_geo_circleInterpolate(radius, precision) {
  var cr = Math.cos(radius),
      sr = Math.sin(radius);
  return function(from, to, direction, listener) {
    var step = direction * precision;
    if (from != null) {
      from = d3_geo_circleAngle(cr, from);
      to = d3_geo_circleAngle(cr, to);
      if (direction > 0 ? from < to: from > to) from += direction * τ;
    } else {
      from = radius + direction * τ;
      to = radius - .5 * step;
    }
    for (var point, t = from; direction > 0 ? t > to : t < to; t -= step) {
      listener.point((point = d3_geo_spherical([
        cr,
        -sr * Math.cos(t),
        -sr * Math.sin(t)
      ]))[0], point[1]);
    }
  };
}

// Signed angle of a cartesian point relative to [cr, 0, 0].
function d3_geo_circleAngle(cr, point) {
  var a = d3_geo_cartesian(point);
  a[0] -= cr;
  d3_geo_cartesianNormalize(a);
  var angle = d3_acos(-a[1]);
  return ((-a[2] < 0 ? -angle : angle) + 2 * Math.PI - ε) % (2 * Math.PI);
}
// Adds floating point numbers with twice the normal precision.
// Reference: J. R. Shewchuk, Adaptive Precision Floating-Point Arithmetic and
// Fast Robust Geometric Predicates, Discrete & Computational Geometry 18(3)
// 305–363 (1997).
// Code adapted from GeographicLib by Charles F. F. Karney,
// http://geographiclib.sourceforge.net/
// See lib/geographiclib/LICENSE for details.

function d3_adder() {}

d3_adder.prototype = {
  s: 0, // rounded value
  t: 0, // exact error
  add: function(y) {
    d3_adderSum(y, this.t, d3_adderTemp);
    d3_adderSum(d3_adderTemp.s, this.s, this);
    if (this.s) this.t += d3_adderTemp.t;
    else this.s = d3_adderTemp.t;
  },
  reset: function() {
    this.s = this.t = 0;
  },
  valueOf: function() {
    return this.s;
  }
};

var d3_adderTemp = new d3_adder;

function d3_adderSum(a, b, o) {
  var x = o.s = a + b, // a + b
      bv = x - a, av = x - bv; // b_virtual & a_virtual
  o.t = (a - av) + (b - bv); // a_roundoff + b_roundoff
}

d3.geo.area = function(object) {
  d3_geo_areaSum = 0;
  d3.geo.stream(object, d3_geo_area);
  return d3_geo_areaSum;
};

var d3_geo_areaSum,
    d3_geo_areaRingSum = new d3_adder;

var d3_geo_area = {
  sphere: function() { d3_geo_areaSum += 4 * π; },
  point: d3_noop,
  lineStart: d3_noop,
  lineEnd: d3_noop,

  // Only count area for polygon rings.
  polygonStart: function() {
    d3_geo_areaRingSum.reset();
    d3_geo_area.lineStart = d3_geo_areaRingStart;
  },
  polygonEnd: function() {
    var area = 2 * d3_geo_areaRingSum;
    d3_geo_areaSum += area < 0 ? 4 * π + area : area;
    d3_geo_area.lineStart = d3_geo_area.lineEnd = d3_geo_area.point = d3_noop;
  }
};

function d3_geo_areaRingStart() {
  var λ00, φ00, λ0, cosφ0, sinφ0; // start point and previous point

  // For the first point, …
  d3_geo_area.point = function(λ, φ) {
    d3_geo_area.point = nextPoint;
    λ0 = (λ00 = λ) * d3_radians, cosφ0 = Math.cos(φ = (φ00 = φ) * d3_radians / 2 + π / 4), sinφ0 = Math.sin(φ);
  };

  // For subsequent points, …
  function nextPoint(λ, φ) {
    λ *= d3_radians;
    φ = φ * d3_radians / 2 + π / 4; // half the angular distance from south pole

    // Spherical excess E for a spherical triangle with vertices: south pole,
    // previous point, current point.  Uses a formula derived from Cagnoli’s
    // theorem.  See Todhunter, Spherical Trig. (1871), Sec. 103, Eq. (2).
    var dλ = λ - λ0,
        sdλ = dλ >= 0 ? 1 : -1,
        adλ = sdλ * dλ,
        cosφ = Math.cos(φ),
        sinφ = Math.sin(φ),
        k = sinφ0 * sinφ,
        u = cosφ0 * cosφ + k * Math.cos(adλ),
        v = k * sdλ * Math.sin(adλ);
    d3_geo_areaRingSum.add(Math.atan2(v, u));

    // Advance the previous points.
    λ0 = λ, cosφ0 = cosφ, sinφ0 = sinφ;
  }

  // For the last point, return to the start.
  d3_geo_area.lineEnd = function() {
    nextPoint(λ00, φ00);
  };
}

function d3_geo_pointInPolygon(point, polygon) {
  var meridian = point[0],
      parallel = point[1],
      meridianNormal = [Math.sin(meridian), -Math.cos(meridian), 0],
      polarAngle = 0,
      winding = 0;
  d3_geo_areaRingSum.reset();

  for (var i = 0, n = polygon.length; i < n; ++i) {
    var ring = polygon[i],
        m = ring.length;
    if (!m) continue;
    var point0 = ring[0],
        λ0 = point0[0],
        φ0 = point0[1] / 2 + π / 4,
        sinφ0 = Math.sin(φ0),
        cosφ0 = Math.cos(φ0),
        j = 1;

    while (true) {
      if (j === m) j = 0;
      point = ring[j];
      var λ = point[0],
          φ = point[1] / 2 + π / 4,
          sinφ = Math.sin(φ),
          cosφ = Math.cos(φ),
          dλ = λ - λ0,
          sdλ = dλ >= 0 ? 1 : -1,
          adλ = sdλ * dλ,
          antimeridian = adλ > π,
          k = sinφ0 * sinφ;
      d3_geo_areaRingSum.add(Math.atan2(k * sdλ * Math.sin(adλ), cosφ0 * cosφ + k * Math.cos(adλ)));

      polarAngle += antimeridian ? dλ + sdλ * τ : dλ;

      // Are the longitudes either side of the point's meridian, and are the
      // latitudes smaller than the parallel?
      if (antimeridian ^ λ0 >= meridian ^ λ >= meridian) {
        var arc = d3_geo_cartesianCross(d3_geo_cartesian(point0), d3_geo_cartesian(point));
        d3_geo_cartesianNormalize(arc);
        var intersection = d3_geo_cartesianCross(meridianNormal, arc);
        d3_geo_cartesianNormalize(intersection);
        var φarc = (antimeridian ^ dλ >= 0 ? -1 : 1) * d3_asin(intersection[2]);
        if (parallel > φarc || parallel === φarc && (arc[0] || arc[1])) {
          winding += antimeridian ^ dλ >= 0 ? 1 : -1;
        }
      }
      if (!j++) break;
      λ0 = λ, sinφ0 = sinφ, cosφ0 = cosφ, point0 = point;
    }
  }

  // First, determine whether the South pole is inside or outside:
  //
  // It is inside if:
  // * the polygon winds around it in a clockwise direction.
  // * the polygon does not (cumulatively) wind around it, but has a negative
  //   (counter-clockwise) area.
  //
  // Second, count the (signed) number of times a segment crosses a meridian
  // from the point to the South pole.  If it is zero, then the point is the
  // same side as the South pole.

  return (polarAngle < -ε || polarAngle < ε && d3_geo_areaRingSum < 0) ^ (winding & 1);
}

// Clip features against a small circle centered at [0°, 0°].
function d3_geo_clipCircle(radius) {
  var cr = Math.cos(radius),
      smallRadius = cr > 0,
      notHemisphere = abs(cr) > ε, // TODO optimise for this common case
      interpolate = d3_geo_circleInterpolate(radius, 6 * d3_radians);

  return d3_geo_clip(visible, clipLine, interpolate, smallRadius ? [0, -radius] : [-π, radius - π]);

  function visible(λ, φ) {
    return Math.cos(λ) * Math.cos(φ) > cr;
  }

  // Takes a line and cuts into visible segments. Return values used for
  // polygon clipping:
  //   0: there were intersections or the line was empty.
  //   1: no intersections.
  //   2: there were intersections, and the first and last segments should be
  //      rejoined.
  function clipLine(listener) {
    var point0, // previous point
        c0, // code for previous point
        v0, // visibility of previous point
        v00, // visibility of first point
        clean; // no intersections
    return {
      lineStart: function() {
        v00 = v0 = false;
        clean = 1;
      },
      point: function(λ, φ) {
        var point1 = [λ, φ],
            point2,
            v = visible(λ, φ),
            c = smallRadius
              ? v ? 0 : code(λ, φ)
              : v ? code(λ + (λ < 0 ? π : -π), φ) : 0;
        if (!point0 && (v00 = v0 = v)) listener.lineStart();
        // Handle degeneracies.
        // TODO ignore if not clipping polygons.
        if (v !== v0) {
          point2 = intersect(point0, point1);
          if (d3_geo_sphericalEqual(point0, point2) || d3_geo_sphericalEqual(point1, point2)) {
            point1[0] += ε;
            point1[1] += ε;
            v = visible(point1[0], point1[1]);
          }
        }
        if (v !== v0) {
          clean = 0;
          if (v) {
            // outside going in
            listener.lineStart();
            point2 = intersect(point1, point0);
            listener.point(point2[0], point2[1]);
          } else {
            // inside going out
            point2 = intersect(point0, point1);
            listener.point(point2[0], point2[1]);
            listener.lineEnd();
          }
          point0 = point2;
        } else if (notHemisphere && point0 && smallRadius ^ v) {
          var t;
          // If the codes for two points are different, or are both zero,
          // and there this segment intersects with the small circle.
          if (!(c & c0) && (t = intersect(point1, point0, true))) {
            clean = 0;
            if (smallRadius) {
              listener.lineStart();
              listener.point(t[0][0], t[0][1]);
              listener.point(t[1][0], t[1][1]);
              listener.lineEnd();
            } else {
              listener.point(t[1][0], t[1][1]);
              listener.lineEnd();
              listener.lineStart();
              listener.point(t[0][0], t[0][1]);
            }
          }
        }
        if (v && (!point0 || !d3_geo_sphericalEqual(point0, point1))) {
          listener.point(point1[0], point1[1]);
        }
        point0 = point1, v0 = v, c0 = c;
      },
      lineEnd: function() {
        if (v0) listener.lineEnd();
        point0 = null;
      },
      // Rejoin first and last segments if there were intersections and the first
      // and last points were visible.
      clean: function() { return clean | ((v00 && v0) << 1); }
    };
  }

  // Intersects the great circle between a and b with the clip circle.
  function intersect(a, b, two) {
    var pa = d3_geo_cartesian(a),
        pb = d3_geo_cartesian(b);

    // We have two planes, n1.p = d1 and n2.p = d2.
    // Find intersection line p(t) = c1 n1 + c2 n2 + t (n1 ⨯ n2).
    var n1 = [1, 0, 0], // normal
        n2 = d3_geo_cartesianCross(pa, pb),
        n2n2 = d3_geo_cartesianDot(n2, n2),
        n1n2 = n2[0], // d3_geo_cartesianDot(n1, n2),
        determinant = n2n2 - n1n2 * n1n2;

    // Two polar points.
    if (!determinant) return !two && a;

    var c1 =  cr * n2n2 / determinant,
        c2 = -cr * n1n2 / determinant,
        n1xn2 = d3_geo_cartesianCross(n1, n2),
        A = d3_geo_cartesianScale(n1, c1),
        B = d3_geo_cartesianScale(n2, c2);
    d3_geo_cartesianAdd(A, B);

    // Solve |p(t)|^2 = 1.
    var u = n1xn2,
        w = d3_geo_cartesianDot(A, u),
        uu = d3_geo_cartesianDot(u, u),
        t2 = w * w - uu * (d3_geo_cartesianDot(A, A) - 1);

    if (t2 < 0) return;

    var t = Math.sqrt(t2),
        q = d3_geo_cartesianScale(u, (-w - t) / uu);
    d3_geo_cartesianAdd(q, A);
    q = d3_geo_spherical(q);
    if (!two) return q;

    // Two intersection points.
    var λ0 = a[0],
        λ1 = b[0],
        φ0 = a[1],
        φ1 = b[1],
        z;
    if (λ1 < λ0) z = λ0, λ0 = λ1, λ1 = z;
    var δλ = λ1 - λ0,
        polar = abs(δλ - π) < ε,
        meridian = polar || δλ < ε;

    if (!polar && φ1 < φ0) z = φ0, φ0 = φ1, φ1 = z;

    // Check that the first point is between a and b.
    if (meridian
        ? polar
          ? φ0 + φ1 > 0 ^ q[1] < (abs(q[0] - λ0) < ε ? φ0 : φ1)
          : φ0 <= q[1] && q[1] <= φ1
        : δλ > π ^ (λ0 <= q[0] && q[0] <= λ1)) {
      var q1 = d3_geo_cartesianScale(u, (-w + t) / uu);
      d3_geo_cartesianAdd(q1, A);
      return [q, d3_geo_spherical(q1)];
    }
  }

  // Generates a 4-bit vector representing the location of a point relative to
  // the small circle's bounding box.
  function code(λ, φ) {
    var r = smallRadius ? radius : π - radius,
        code = 0;
    if (λ < -r) code |= 1; // left
    else if (λ > r) code |= 2; // right
    if (φ < -r) code |= 4; // below
    else if (φ > r) code |= 8; // above
    return code;
  }
}

// Liang–Barsky line clipping.
function d3_geom_clipLine(x0, y0, x1, y1) {
  return function(line) {
    var a = line.a,
        b = line.b,
        ax = a.x,
        ay = a.y,
        bx = b.x,
        by = b.y,
        t0 = 0,
        t1 = 1,
        dx = bx - ax,
        dy = by - ay,
        r;

    r = x0 - ax;
    if (!dx && r > 0) return;
    r /= dx;
    if (dx < 0) {
      if (r < t0) return;
      if (r < t1) t1 = r;
    } else if (dx > 0) {
      if (r > t1) return;
      if (r > t0) t0 = r;
    }

    r = x1 - ax;
    if (!dx && r < 0) return;
    r /= dx;
    if (dx < 0) {
      if (r > t1) return;
      if (r > t0) t0 = r;
    } else if (dx > 0) {
      if (r < t0) return;
      if (r < t1) t1 = r;
    }

    r = y0 - ay;
    if (!dy && r > 0) return;
    r /= dy;
    if (dy < 0) {
      if (r < t0) return;
      if (r < t1) t1 = r;
    } else if (dy > 0) {
      if (r > t1) return;
      if (r > t0) t0 = r;
    }

    r = y1 - ay;
    if (!dy && r < 0) return;
    r /= dy;
    if (dy < 0) {
      if (r > t1) return;
      if (r > t0) t0 = r;
    } else if (dy > 0) {
      if (r < t0) return;
      if (r < t1) t1 = r;
    }

    if (t0 > 0) line.a = {x: ax + t0 * dx, y: ay + t0 * dy};
    if (t1 < 1) line.b = {x: ax + t1 * dx, y: ay + t1 * dy};
    return line;
  };
}

var d3_geo_clipExtentMAX = 1e9;

d3.geo.clipExtent = function() {
  var x0, y0, x1, y1,
      stream,
      clip,
      clipExtent = {
        stream: function(output) {
          if (stream) stream.valid = false;
          stream = clip(output);
          stream.valid = true; // allow caching by d3.geo.path
          return stream;
        },
        extent: function(_) {
          if (!arguments.length) return [[x0, y0], [x1, y1]];
          clip = d3_geo_clipExtent(x0 = +_[0][0], y0 = +_[0][1], x1 = +_[1][0], y1 = +_[1][1]);
          if (stream) stream.valid = false, stream = null;
          return clipExtent;
        }
      };
  return clipExtent.extent([[0, 0], [960, 500]]);
};

function d3_geo_clipExtent(x0, y0, x1, y1) {
  return function(listener) {
    var listener_ = listener,
        bufferListener = d3_geo_clipBufferListener(),
        clipLine = d3_geom_clipLine(x0, y0, x1, y1),
        segments,
        polygon,
        ring;

    var clip = {
      point: point,
      lineStart: lineStart,
      lineEnd: lineEnd,
      polygonStart: function() {
        listener = bufferListener;
        segments = [];
        polygon = [];
        clean = true;
      },
      polygonEnd: function() {
        listener = listener_;
        segments = d3.merge(segments);
        var clipStartInside = insidePolygon([x0, y1]),
            inside = clean && clipStartInside,
            visible = segments.length;
        if (inside || visible) {
          listener.polygonStart();
          if (inside) {
            listener.lineStart();
            interpolate(null, null, 1, listener);
            listener.lineEnd();
          }
          if (visible) {
            d3_geo_clipPolygon(segments, compare, clipStartInside, interpolate, listener);
          }
          listener.polygonEnd();
        }
        segments = polygon = ring = null;
      }
    };

    function insidePolygon(p) {
      var wn = 0, // the winding number counter
          n = polygon.length,
          y = p[1];

      for (var i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        for (var j = 1, v = polygon[i], m = v.length, a = v[0], b; j < m; ++j) {
          b = v[j];
          if (a[1] <= y) {
            if (b[1] >  y && d3_cross2d(a, b, p) > 0) ++wn;
          } else {
            if (b[1] <= y && d3_cross2d(a, b, p) < 0) --wn;
          }
          a = b;
        }
      }
      return wn !== 0;
    }

    function interpolate(from, to, direction, listener) {
      var a = 0, a1 = 0;
      if (from == null ||
          (a = corner(from, direction)) !== (a1 = corner(to, direction)) ||
          comparePoints(from, to) < 0 ^ direction > 0) {
        do {
          listener.point(a === 0 || a === 3 ? x0 : x1, a > 1 ? y1 : y0);
        } while ((a = (a + direction + 4) % 4) !== a1);
      } else {
        listener.point(to[0], to[1]);
      }
    }

    function pointVisible(x, y) {
      return x0 <= x && x <= x1 && y0 <= y && y <= y1;
    }

    function point(x, y) {
      if (pointVisible(x, y)) listener.point(x, y);
    }

    var x__, y__, v__, // first point
        x_, y_, v_, // previous point
        first,
        clean;

    function lineStart() {
      clip.point = linePoint;
      if (polygon) polygon.push(ring = []);
      first = true;
      v_ = false;
      x_ = y_ = NaN;
    }

    function lineEnd() {
      // TODO rather than special-case polygons, simply handle them separately.
      // Ideally, coincident intersection points should be jittered to avoid
      // clipping issues.
      if (segments) {
        linePoint(x__, y__);
        if (v__ && v_) bufferListener.rejoin();
        segments.push(bufferListener.buffer());
      }
      clip.point = point;
      if (v_) listener.lineEnd();
    }

    function linePoint(x, y) {
      x = Math.max(-d3_geo_clipExtentMAX, Math.min(d3_geo_clipExtentMAX, x));
      y = Math.max(-d3_geo_clipExtentMAX, Math.min(d3_geo_clipExtentMAX, y));
      var v = pointVisible(x, y);
      if (polygon) ring.push([x, y]);
      if (first) {
        x__ = x, y__ = y, v__ = v;
        first = false;
        if (v) {
          listener.lineStart();
          listener.point(x, y);
        }
      } else {
        if (v && v_) listener.point(x, y);
        else {
          var l = {a: {x: x_, y: y_}, b: {x: x, y: y}};
          if (clipLine(l)) {
            if (!v_) {
              listener.lineStart();
              listener.point(l.a.x, l.a.y);
            }
            listener.point(l.b.x, l.b.y);
            if (!v) listener.lineEnd();
            clean = false;
          } else if (v) {
            listener.lineStart();
            listener.point(x, y);
            clean = false;
          }
        }
      }
      x_ = x, y_ = y, v_ = v;
    }

    return clip;
  };

  function corner(p, direction) {
    return abs(p[0] - x0) < ε ? direction > 0 ? 0 : 3
        : abs(p[0] - x1) < ε ? direction > 0 ? 2 : 1
        : abs(p[1] - y0) < ε ? direction > 0 ? 1 : 0
        : direction > 0 ? 3 : 2; // abs(p[1] - y1) < ε
  }

  function compare(a, b) {
    return comparePoints(a.x, b.x);
  }

  function comparePoints(a, b) {
    var ca = corner(a, 1),
        cb = corner(b, 1);
    return ca !== cb ? ca - cb
        : ca === 0 ? b[1] - a[1]
        : ca === 1 ? a[0] - b[0]
        : ca === 2 ? a[1] - b[1]
        : b[0] - a[0];
  }
}

function d3_geo_conic(projectAt) {
  var φ0 = 0,
      φ1 = π / 3,
      m = d3_geo_projectionMutator(projectAt),
      p = m(φ0, φ1);

  p.parallels = function(_) {
    if (!arguments.length) return [φ0 / π * 180, φ1 / π * 180];
    return m(φ0 = _[0] * π / 180, φ1 = _[1] * π / 180);
  };

  return p;
}

function d3_geo_conicEqualArea(φ0, φ1) {
  var sinφ0 = Math.sin(φ0),
      n = (sinφ0 + Math.sin(φ1)) / 2,
      C = 1 + sinφ0 * (2 * n - sinφ0),
      ρ0 = Math.sqrt(C) / n;

  function forward(λ, φ) {
    var ρ = Math.sqrt(C - 2 * n * Math.sin(φ)) / n;
    return [
      ρ * Math.sin(λ *= n),
      ρ0 - ρ * Math.cos(λ)
    ];
  }

  forward.invert = function(x, y) {
    var ρ0_y = ρ0 - y;
    return [
      Math.atan2(x, ρ0_y) / n,
      d3_asin((C - (x * x + ρ0_y * ρ0_y) * n * n) / (2 * n))
    ];
  };

  return forward;
}

(d3.geo.conicEqualArea = function() {
  return d3_geo_conic(d3_geo_conicEqualArea);
}).raw = d3_geo_conicEqualArea;

// ESRI:102003
d3.geo.albers = function() {
  return d3.geo.conicEqualArea()
      .rotate([96, 0])
      .center([-.6, 38.7])
      .parallels([29.5, 45.5])
      .scale(1070);
};

// A composite projection for the United States, configured by default for
// 960×500. Also works quite well at 960×600 with scale 1285. The set of
// standard parallels for each region comes from USGS, which is published here:
// http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/MapProjections/projections.html#albers
d3.geo.albersUsa = function() {
  var lower48 = d3.geo.albers();

  // EPSG:3338
  var alaska = d3.geo.conicEqualArea()
      .rotate([154, 0])
      .center([-2, 58.5])
      .parallels([55, 65]);

  // ESRI:102007
  var hawaii = d3.geo.conicEqualArea()
      .rotate([157, 0])
      .center([-3, 19.9])
      .parallels([8, 18]);

  var point,
      pointStream = {point: function(x, y) { point = [x, y]; }},
      lower48Point,
      alaskaPoint,
      hawaiiPoint;

  function albersUsa(coordinates) {
    var x = coordinates[0], y = coordinates[1];
    point = null;
    (lower48Point(x, y), point)
        || (alaskaPoint(x, y), point)
        || hawaiiPoint(x, y);
    return point;
  }

  albersUsa.invert = function(coordinates) {
    var k = lower48.scale(),
        t = lower48.translate(),
        x = (coordinates[0] - t[0]) / k,
        y = (coordinates[1] - t[1]) / k;
    return (y >= .120 && y < .234 && x >= -.425 && x < -.214 ? alaska
        : y >= .166 && y < .234 && x >= -.214 && x < -.115 ? hawaii
        : lower48).invert(coordinates);
  };

  // A naïve multi-projection stream.
  // The projections must have mutually exclusive clip regions on the sphere,
  // as this will avoid emitting interleaving lines and polygons.
  albersUsa.stream = function(stream) {
    var lower48Stream = lower48.stream(stream),
        alaskaStream = alaska.stream(stream),
        hawaiiStream = hawaii.stream(stream);
    return {
      point: function(x, y) {
        lower48Stream.point(x, y);
        alaskaStream.point(x, y);
        hawaiiStream.point(x, y);
      },
      sphere: function() {
        lower48Stream.sphere();
        alaskaStream.sphere();
        hawaiiStream.sphere();
      },
      lineStart: function() {
        lower48Stream.lineStart();
        alaskaStream.lineStart();
        hawaiiStream.lineStart();
      },
      lineEnd: function() {
        lower48Stream.lineEnd();
        alaskaStream.lineEnd();
        hawaiiStream.lineEnd();
      },
      polygonStart: function() {
        lower48Stream.polygonStart();
        alaskaStream.polygonStart();
        hawaiiStream.polygonStart();
      },
      polygonEnd: function() {
        lower48Stream.polygonEnd();
        alaskaStream.polygonEnd();
        hawaiiStream.polygonEnd();
      }
    };
  };

  albersUsa.precision = function(_) {
    if (!arguments.length) return lower48.precision();
    lower48.precision(_);
    alaska.precision(_);
    hawaii.precision(_);
    return albersUsa;
  };

  albersUsa.scale = function(_) {
    if (!arguments.length) return lower48.scale();
    lower48.scale(_);
    alaska.scale(_ * .35);
    hawaii.scale(_);
    return albersUsa.translate(lower48.translate());
  };

  albersUsa.translate = function(_) {
    if (!arguments.length) return lower48.translate();
    var k = lower48.scale(), x = +_[0], y = +_[1];

    lower48Point = lower48
        .translate(_)
        .clipExtent([[x - .455 * k, y - .238 * k], [x + .455 * k, y + .238 * k]])
        .stream(pointStream).point;

    alaskaPoint = alaska
        .translate([x - .307 * k, y + .201 * k])
        .clipExtent([[x - .425 * k + ε, y + .120 * k + ε], [x - .214 * k - ε, y + .234 * k - ε]])
        .stream(pointStream).point;

    hawaiiPoint = hawaii
        .translate([x - .205 * k, y + .212 * k])
        .clipExtent([[x - .214 * k + ε, y + .166 * k + ε], [x - .115 * k - ε, y + .234 * k - ε]])
        .stream(pointStream).point;

    return albersUsa;
  };

  return albersUsa.scale(1070);
};

d3.geo.bounds = (function() {
  var λ0, φ0, λ1, φ1, // bounds
      λ_, // previous λ-coordinate
      λ__, φ__, // first point
      p0, // previous 3D point
      dλSum,
      ranges,
      range;

  var bound = {
    point: point,
    lineStart: lineStart,
    lineEnd: lineEnd,

    polygonStart: function() {
      bound.point = ringPoint;
      bound.lineStart = ringStart;
      bound.lineEnd = ringEnd;
      dλSum = 0;
      d3_geo_area.polygonStart();
    },
    polygonEnd: function() {
      d3_geo_area.polygonEnd();
      bound.point = point;
      bound.lineStart = lineStart;
      bound.lineEnd = lineEnd;
      if (d3_geo_areaRingSum < 0) λ0 = -(λ1 = 180), φ0 = -(φ1 = 90);
      else if (dλSum > ε) φ1 = 90;
      else if (dλSum < -ε) φ0 = -90;
      range[0] = λ0, range[1] = λ1;
    }
  };

  function point(λ, φ) {
    ranges.push(range = [λ0 = λ, λ1 = λ]);
    if (φ < φ0) φ0 = φ;
    if (φ > φ1) φ1 = φ;
  }

  function linePoint(λ, φ) {
    var p = d3_geo_cartesian([λ * d3_radians, φ * d3_radians]);
    if (p0) {
      var normal = d3_geo_cartesianCross(p0, p),
          equatorial = [normal[1], -normal[0], 0],
          inflection = d3_geo_cartesianCross(equatorial, normal);
      d3_geo_cartesianNormalize(inflection);
      inflection = d3_geo_spherical(inflection);
      var dλ = λ - λ_,
          s = dλ > 0 ? 1 : -1,
          λi = inflection[0] * d3_degrees * s,
          antimeridian = abs(dλ) > 180;
      if (antimeridian ^ (s * λ_ < λi && λi < s * λ)) {
        var φi = inflection[1] * d3_degrees;
        if (φi > φ1) φ1 = φi;
      } else if (λi = (λi + 360) % 360 - 180, antimeridian ^ (s * λ_ < λi && λi < s * λ)) {
        var φi = -inflection[1] * d3_degrees;
        if (φi < φ0) φ0 = φi;
      } else {
        if (φ < φ0) φ0 = φ;
        if (φ > φ1) φ1 = φ;
      }
      if (antimeridian) {
        if (λ < λ_) {
          if (angle(λ0, λ) > angle(λ0, λ1)) λ1 = λ;
        } else {
          if (angle(λ, λ1) > angle(λ0, λ1)) λ0 = λ;
        }
      } else {
        if (λ1 >= λ0) {
          if (λ < λ0) λ0 = λ;
          if (λ > λ1) λ1 = λ;
        } else {
          if (λ > λ_) {
            if (angle(λ0, λ) > angle(λ0, λ1)) λ1 = λ;
          } else {
            if (angle(λ, λ1) > angle(λ0, λ1)) λ0 = λ;
          }
        }
      }
    } else {
      point(λ, φ);
    }
    p0 = p, λ_ = λ;
  }

  function lineStart() { bound.point = linePoint; }
  function lineEnd() {
    range[0] = λ0, range[1] = λ1;
    bound.point = point;
    p0 = null;
  }

  function ringPoint(λ, φ) {
    if (p0) {
      var dλ = λ - λ_;
      dλSum += abs(dλ) > 180 ? dλ + (dλ > 0 ? 360 : -360) : dλ;
    } else λ__ = λ, φ__ = φ;
    d3_geo_area.point(λ, φ);
    linePoint(λ, φ);
  }

  function ringStart() {
    d3_geo_area.lineStart();
  }

  function ringEnd() {
    ringPoint(λ__, φ__);
    d3_geo_area.lineEnd();
    if (abs(dλSum) > ε) λ0 = -(λ1 = 180);
    range[0] = λ0, range[1] = λ1;
    p0 = null;
  }

  // Finds the left-right distance between two longitudes.
  // This is almost the same as (λ1 - λ0 + 360°) % 360°, except that we want
  // the distance between ±180° to be 360°.
  function angle(λ0, λ1) { return (λ1 -= λ0) < 0 ? λ1 + 360 : λ1; }

  function compareRanges(a, b) { return a[0] - b[0]; }

  function withinRange(x, range) {
    return range[0] <= range[1] ? range[0] <= x && x <= range[1] : x < range[0] || range[1] < x;
  }

  return function(feature) {
    φ1 = λ1 = -(λ0 = φ0 = Infinity);
    ranges = [];

    d3.geo.stream(feature, bound);

    var n = ranges.length;
    if (n) {
      // First, sort ranges by their minimum longitudes.
      ranges.sort(compareRanges);

      // Then, merge any ranges that overlap.
      for (var i = 1, a = ranges[0], b, merged = [a]; i < n; ++i) {
        b = ranges[i];
        if (withinRange(b[0], a) || withinRange(b[1], a)) {
          if (angle(a[0], b[1]) > angle(a[0], a[1])) a[1] = b[1];
          if (angle(b[0], a[1]) > angle(a[0], a[1])) a[0] = b[0];
        } else {
          merged.push(a = b);
        }
      }

      // Finally, find the largest gap between the merged ranges.
      // The final bounding box will be the inverse of this gap.
      var best = -Infinity, dλ;
      for (var n = merged.length - 1, i = 0, a = merged[n], b; i <= n; a = b, ++i) {
        b = merged[i];
        if ((dλ = angle(a[1], b[0])) > best) best = dλ, λ0 = b[0], λ1 = a[1];
      }
    }
    ranges = range = null;

    return λ0 === Infinity || φ0 === Infinity
        ? [[NaN, NaN], [NaN, NaN]]
        : [[λ0, φ0], [λ1, φ1]];
  };
})();

d3.geo.centroid = function(object) {
  d3_geo_centroidW0 = d3_geo_centroidW1 =
  d3_geo_centroidX0 = d3_geo_centroidY0 = d3_geo_centroidZ0 =
  d3_geo_centroidX1 = d3_geo_centroidY1 = d3_geo_centroidZ1 =
  d3_geo_centroidX2 = d3_geo_centroidY2 = d3_geo_centroidZ2 = 0;
  d3.geo.stream(object, d3_geo_centroid);

  var x = d3_geo_centroidX2,
      y = d3_geo_centroidY2,
      z = d3_geo_centroidZ2,
      m = x * x + y * y + z * z;

  // If the area-weighted centroid is undefined, fall back to length-weighted centroid.
  if (m < ε2) {
    x = d3_geo_centroidX1, y = d3_geo_centroidY1, z = d3_geo_centroidZ1;
    // If the feature has zero length, fall back to arithmetic mean of point vectors.
    if (d3_geo_centroidW1 < ε) x = d3_geo_centroidX0, y = d3_geo_centroidY0, z = d3_geo_centroidZ0;
    m = x * x + y * y + z * z;
    // If the feature still has an undefined centroid, then return.
    if (m < ε2) return [NaN, NaN];
  }

  return [Math.atan2(y, x) * d3_degrees, d3_asin(z / Math.sqrt(m)) * d3_degrees];
};

var d3_geo_centroidW0,
    d3_geo_centroidW1,
    d3_geo_centroidX0,
    d3_geo_centroidY0,
    d3_geo_centroidZ0,
    d3_geo_centroidX1,
    d3_geo_centroidY1,
    d3_geo_centroidZ1,
    d3_geo_centroidX2,
    d3_geo_centroidY2,
    d3_geo_centroidZ2;

var d3_geo_centroid = {
  sphere: d3_noop,
  point: d3_geo_centroidPoint,
  lineStart: d3_geo_centroidLineStart,
  lineEnd: d3_geo_centroidLineEnd,
  polygonStart: function() {
    d3_geo_centroid.lineStart = d3_geo_centroidRingStart;
  },
  polygonEnd: function() {
    d3_geo_centroid.lineStart = d3_geo_centroidLineStart;
  }
};

// Arithmetic mean of Cartesian vectors.
function d3_geo_centroidPoint(λ, φ) {
  λ *= d3_radians;
  var cosφ = Math.cos(φ *= d3_radians);
  d3_geo_centroidPointXYZ(cosφ * Math.cos(λ), cosφ * Math.sin(λ), Math.sin(φ));
}

function d3_geo_centroidPointXYZ(x, y, z) {
  ++d3_geo_centroidW0;
  d3_geo_centroidX0 += (x - d3_geo_centroidX0) / d3_geo_centroidW0;
  d3_geo_centroidY0 += (y - d3_geo_centroidY0) / d3_geo_centroidW0;
  d3_geo_centroidZ0 += (z - d3_geo_centroidZ0) / d3_geo_centroidW0;
}

function d3_geo_centroidLineStart() {
  var x0, y0, z0; // previous point

  d3_geo_centroid.point = function(λ, φ) {
    λ *= d3_radians;
    var cosφ = Math.cos(φ *= d3_radians);
    x0 = cosφ * Math.cos(λ);
    y0 = cosφ * Math.sin(λ);
    z0 = Math.sin(φ);
    d3_geo_centroid.point = nextPoint;
    d3_geo_centroidPointXYZ(x0, y0, z0);
  };

  function nextPoint(λ, φ) {
    λ *= d3_radians;
    var cosφ = Math.cos(φ *= d3_radians),
        x = cosφ * Math.cos(λ),
        y = cosφ * Math.sin(λ),
        z = Math.sin(φ),
        w = Math.atan2(
          Math.sqrt((w = y0 * z - z0 * y) * w + (w = z0 * x - x0 * z) * w + (w = x0 * y - y0 * x) * w),
          x0 * x + y0 * y + z0 * z);
    d3_geo_centroidW1 += w;
    d3_geo_centroidX1 += w * (x0 + (x0 = x));
    d3_geo_centroidY1 += w * (y0 + (y0 = y));
    d3_geo_centroidZ1 += w * (z0 + (z0 = z));
    d3_geo_centroidPointXYZ(x0, y0, z0);
  }
}

function d3_geo_centroidLineEnd() {
  d3_geo_centroid.point = d3_geo_centroidPoint;
}

// See J. E. Brock, The Inertia Tensor for a Spherical Triangle,
// J. Applied Mechanics 42, 239 (1975).
function d3_geo_centroidRingStart() {
  var λ00, φ00, // first point
      x0, y0, z0; // previous point

  d3_geo_centroid.point = function(λ, φ) {
    λ00 = λ, φ00 = φ;
    d3_geo_centroid.point = nextPoint;
    λ *= d3_radians;
    var cosφ = Math.cos(φ *= d3_radians);
    x0 = cosφ * Math.cos(λ);
    y0 = cosφ * Math.sin(λ);
    z0 = Math.sin(φ);
    d3_geo_centroidPointXYZ(x0, y0, z0);
  };

  d3_geo_centroid.lineEnd = function() {
    nextPoint(λ00, φ00);
    d3_geo_centroid.lineEnd = d3_geo_centroidLineEnd;
    d3_geo_centroid.point = d3_geo_centroidPoint;
  };

  function nextPoint(λ, φ) {
    λ *= d3_radians;
    var cosφ = Math.cos(φ *= d3_radians),
        x = cosφ * Math.cos(λ),
        y = cosφ * Math.sin(λ),
        z = Math.sin(φ),
        cx = y0 * z - z0 * y,
        cy = z0 * x - x0 * z,
        cz = x0 * y - y0 * x,
        m = Math.sqrt(cx * cx + cy * cy + cz * cz),
        u = x0 * x + y0 * y + z0 * z,
        v = m && -d3_acos(u) / m, // area weight
        w = Math.atan2(m, u); // line weight
    d3_geo_centroidX2 += v * cx;
    d3_geo_centroidY2 += v * cy;
    d3_geo_centroidZ2 += v * cz;
    d3_geo_centroidW1 += w;
    d3_geo_centroidX1 += w * (x0 + (x0 = x));
    d3_geo_centroidY1 += w * (y0 + (y0 = y));
    d3_geo_centroidZ1 += w * (z0 + (z0 = z));
    d3_geo_centroidPointXYZ(x0, y0, z0);
  }
}

// TODO Unify this code with d3.geom.polygon area?

var d3_geo_pathAreaSum, d3_geo_pathAreaPolygon, d3_geo_pathArea = {
  point: d3_noop,
  lineStart: d3_noop,
  lineEnd: d3_noop,

  // Only count area for polygon rings.
  polygonStart: function() {
    d3_geo_pathAreaPolygon = 0;
    d3_geo_pathArea.lineStart = d3_geo_pathAreaRingStart;
  },
  polygonEnd: function() {
    d3_geo_pathArea.lineStart = d3_geo_pathArea.lineEnd = d3_geo_pathArea.point = d3_noop;
    d3_geo_pathAreaSum += abs(d3_geo_pathAreaPolygon / 2);
  }
};

function d3_geo_pathAreaRingStart() {
  var x00, y00, x0, y0;

  // For the first point, …
  d3_geo_pathArea.point = function(x, y) {
    d3_geo_pathArea.point = nextPoint;
    x00 = x0 = x, y00 = y0 = y;
  };

  // For subsequent points, …
  function nextPoint(x, y) {
    d3_geo_pathAreaPolygon += y0 * x - x0 * y;
    x0 = x, y0 = y;
  }

  // For the last point, return to the start.
  d3_geo_pathArea.lineEnd = function() {
    nextPoint(x00, y00);
  };
}

var d3_geo_pathBoundsX0,
    d3_geo_pathBoundsY0,
    d3_geo_pathBoundsX1,
    d3_geo_pathBoundsY1;

var d3_geo_pathBounds = {
  point: d3_geo_pathBoundsPoint,
  lineStart: d3_noop,
  lineEnd: d3_noop,
  polygonStart: d3_noop,
  polygonEnd: d3_noop
};

function d3_geo_pathBoundsPoint(x, y) {
  if (x < d3_geo_pathBoundsX0) d3_geo_pathBoundsX0 = x;
  if (x > d3_geo_pathBoundsX1) d3_geo_pathBoundsX1 = x;
  if (y < d3_geo_pathBoundsY0) d3_geo_pathBoundsY0 = y;
  if (y > d3_geo_pathBoundsY1) d3_geo_pathBoundsY1 = y;
}
function d3_geo_pathBuffer() {
  var pointCircle = d3_geo_pathBufferCircle(4.5),
      buffer = [];

  var stream = {
    point: point,

    // While inside a line, override point to moveTo then lineTo.
    lineStart: function() { stream.point = pointLineStart; },
    lineEnd: lineEnd,

    // While inside a polygon, override lineEnd to closePath.
    polygonStart: function() { stream.lineEnd = lineEndPolygon; },
    polygonEnd: function() { stream.lineEnd = lineEnd; stream.point = point; },

    pointRadius: function(_) {
      pointCircle = d3_geo_pathBufferCircle(_);
      return stream;
    },

    result: function() {
      if (buffer.length) {
        var result = buffer.join("");
        buffer = [];
        return result;
      }
    }
  };

  function point(x, y) {
    buffer.push("M", x, ",", y, pointCircle);
  }

  function pointLineStart(x, y) {
    buffer.push("M", x, ",", y);
    stream.point = pointLine;
  }

  function pointLine(x, y) {
    buffer.push("L", x, ",", y);
  }

  function lineEnd() {
    stream.point = point;
  }

  function lineEndPolygon() {
    buffer.push("Z");
  }

  return stream;
}

function d3_geo_pathBufferCircle(radius) {
  return "m0," + radius
      + "a" + radius + "," + radius + " 0 1,1 0," + -2 * radius
      + "a" + radius + "," + radius + " 0 1,1 0," + 2 * radius
      + "z";
}

// TODO Unify this code with d3.geom.polygon centroid?
// TODO Enforce positive area for exterior, negative area for interior?

var d3_geo_pathCentroid = {
  point: d3_geo_pathCentroidPoint,

  // For lines, weight by length.
  lineStart: d3_geo_pathCentroidLineStart,
  lineEnd: d3_geo_pathCentroidLineEnd,

  // For polygons, weight by area.
  polygonStart: function() {
    d3_geo_pathCentroid.lineStart = d3_geo_pathCentroidRingStart;
  },
  polygonEnd: function() {
    d3_geo_pathCentroid.point = d3_geo_pathCentroidPoint;
    d3_geo_pathCentroid.lineStart = d3_geo_pathCentroidLineStart;
    d3_geo_pathCentroid.lineEnd = d3_geo_pathCentroidLineEnd;
  }
};

function d3_geo_pathCentroidPoint(x, y) {
  d3_geo_centroidX0 += x;
  d3_geo_centroidY0 += y;
  ++d3_geo_centroidZ0;
}

function d3_geo_pathCentroidLineStart() {
  var x0, y0;

  d3_geo_pathCentroid.point = function(x, y) {
    d3_geo_pathCentroid.point = nextPoint;
    d3_geo_pathCentroidPoint(x0 = x, y0 = y);
  };

  function nextPoint(x, y) {
    var dx = x - x0, dy = y - y0, z = Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
    d3_geo_centroidX1 += z * (x0 + x) / 2;
    d3_geo_centroidY1 += z * (y0 + y) / 2;
    d3_geo_centroidZ1 += z;
    d3_geo_pathCentroidPoint(x0 = x, y0 = y);
  }
}

function d3_geo_pathCentroidLineEnd() {
  d3_geo_pathCentroid.point = d3_geo_pathCentroidPoint;
}

function d3_geo_pathCentroidRingStart() {
  var x00, y00, x0, y0;

  // For the first point, …
  d3_geo_pathCentroid.point = function(x, y) {
    d3_geo_pathCentroid.point = nextPoint;
    d3_geo_pathCentroidPoint(x00 = x0 = x, y00 = y0 = y);
  };

  // For subsequent points, …
  function nextPoint(x, y) {
    var dx = x - x0, dy = y - y0, z = Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
    d3_geo_centroidX1 += z * (x0 + x) / 2;
    d3_geo_centroidY1 += z * (y0 + y) / 2;
    d3_geo_centroidZ1 += z;

    z = y0 * x - x0 * y;
    d3_geo_centroidX2 += z * (x0 + x);
    d3_geo_centroidY2 += z * (y0 + y);
    d3_geo_centroidZ2 += z * 3;
    d3_geo_pathCentroidPoint(x0 = x, y0 = y);
  }

  // For the last point, return to the start.
  d3_geo_pathCentroid.lineEnd = function() {
    nextPoint(x00, y00);
  };
}

function d3_geo_pathContext(context) {
  var pointRadius = 4.5;

  var stream = {
    point: point,

    // While inside a line, override point to moveTo then lineTo.
    lineStart: function() { stream.point = pointLineStart; },
    lineEnd: lineEnd,

    // While inside a polygon, override lineEnd to closePath.
    polygonStart: function() { stream.lineEnd = lineEndPolygon; },
    polygonEnd: function() { stream.lineEnd = lineEnd; stream.point = point; },

    pointRadius: function(_) {
      pointRadius = _;
      return stream;
    },

    result: d3_noop
  };

  function point(x, y) {
    context.moveTo(x + pointRadius, y);
    context.arc(x, y, pointRadius, 0, τ);
  }

  function pointLineStart(x, y) {
    context.moveTo(x, y);
    stream.point = pointLine;
  }

  function pointLine(x, y) {
    context.lineTo(x, y);
  }

  function lineEnd() {
    stream.point = point;
  }

  function lineEndPolygon() {
    context.closePath();
  }

  return stream;
}

function d3_geo_resample(project) {
  var δ2 = .5, // precision, px²
      cosMinDistance = Math.cos(30 * d3_radians), // cos(minimum angular distance)
      maxDepth = 16;

  function resample(stream) {
    return (maxDepth ? resampleRecursive : resampleNone)(stream);
  }

  function resampleNone(stream) {
    return d3_geo_transformPoint(stream, function(x, y) {
      x = project(x, y);
      stream.point(x[0], x[1]);
    });
  }

  function resampleRecursive(stream) {
    var λ00, φ00, x00, y00, a00, b00, c00, // first point
        λ0, x0, y0, a0, b0, c0; // previous point

    var resample = {
      point: point,
      lineStart: lineStart,
      lineEnd: lineEnd,
      polygonStart: function() { stream.polygonStart(); resample.lineStart = ringStart; },
      polygonEnd: function() { stream.polygonEnd(); resample.lineStart = lineStart; }
    };

    function point(x, y) {
      x = project(x, y);
      stream.point(x[0], x[1]);
    }

    function lineStart() {
      x0 = NaN;
      resample.point = linePoint;
      stream.lineStart();
    }

    function linePoint(λ, φ) {
      var c = d3_geo_cartesian([λ, φ]), p = project(λ, φ);
      resampleLineTo(x0, y0, λ0, a0, b0, c0, x0 = p[0], y0 = p[1], λ0 = λ, a0 = c[0], b0 = c[1], c0 = c[2], maxDepth, stream);
      stream.point(x0, y0);
    }

    function lineEnd() {
      resample.point = point;
      stream.lineEnd();
    }

    function ringStart() {
      lineStart();
      resample.point = ringPoint;
      resample.lineEnd = ringEnd;
    }

    function ringPoint(λ, φ) {
      linePoint(λ00 = λ, φ00 = φ), x00 = x0, y00 = y0, a00 = a0, b00 = b0, c00 = c0;
      resample.point = linePoint;
    }

    function ringEnd() {
      resampleLineTo(x0, y0, λ0, a0, b0, c0, x00, y00, λ00, a00, b00, c00, maxDepth, stream);
      resample.lineEnd = lineEnd;
      lineEnd();
    }

    return resample;
  }

  function resampleLineTo(x0, y0, λ0, a0, b0, c0, x1, y1, λ1, a1, b1, c1, depth, stream) {
    var dx = x1 - x0,
        dy = y1 - y0,
        d2 = dx * dx + dy * dy;
    if (d2 > 4 * δ2 && depth--) {
      var a = a0 + a1,
          b = b0 + b1,
          c = c0 + c1,
          m = Math.sqrt(a * a + b * b + c * c),
          φ2 = Math.asin(c /= m),
          λ2 = abs(abs(c) - 1) < ε || abs(λ0 - λ1) < ε ? (λ0 + λ1) / 2 : Math.atan2(b, a),
          p = project(λ2, φ2),
          x2 = p[0],
          y2 = p[1],
          dx2 = x2 - x0,
          dy2 = y2 - y0,
          dz = dy * dx2 - dx * dy2;
      if (dz * dz / d2 > δ2 // perpendicular projected distance
          || abs((dx * dx2 + dy * dy2) / d2 - .5) > .3 // midpoint close to an end
          || a0 * a1 + b0 * b1 + c0 * c1 < cosMinDistance) { // angular distance
        resampleLineTo(x0, y0, λ0, a0, b0, c0, x2, y2, λ2, a /= m, b /= m, c, depth, stream);
        stream.point(x2, y2);
        resampleLineTo(x2, y2, λ2, a, b, c, x1, y1, λ1, a1, b1, c1, depth, stream);
      }
    }
  }

  resample.precision = function(_) {
    if (!arguments.length) return Math.sqrt(δ2);
    maxDepth = (δ2 = _ * _) > 0 && 16;
    return resample;
  };

  return resample;
}

d3.geo.path = function() {
  var pointRadius = 4.5,
      projection,
      context,
      projectStream,
      contextStream,
      cacheStream;

  function path(object) {
    if (object) {
      if (typeof pointRadius === "function") contextStream.pointRadius(+pointRadius.apply(this, arguments));
      if (!cacheStream || !cacheStream.valid) cacheStream = projectStream(contextStream);
      d3.geo.stream(object, cacheStream);
    }
    return contextStream.result();
  }

  path.area = function(object) {
    d3_geo_pathAreaSum = 0;
    d3.geo.stream(object, projectStream(d3_geo_pathArea));
    return d3_geo_pathAreaSum;
  };

  path.centroid = function(object) {
    d3_geo_centroidX0 = d3_geo_centroidY0 = d3_geo_centroidZ0 =
    d3_geo_centroidX1 = d3_geo_centroidY1 = d3_geo_centroidZ1 =
    d3_geo_centroidX2 = d3_geo_centroidY2 = d3_geo_centroidZ2 = 0;
    d3.geo.stream(object, projectStream(d3_geo_pathCentroid));
    return d3_geo_centroidZ2 ? [d3_geo_centroidX2 / d3_geo_centroidZ2, d3_geo_centroidY2 / d3_geo_centroidZ2]
        : d3_geo_centroidZ1 ? [d3_geo_centroidX1 / d3_geo_centroidZ1, d3_geo_centroidY1 / d3_geo_centroidZ1]
        : d3_geo_centroidZ0 ? [d3_geo_centroidX0 / d3_geo_centroidZ0, d3_geo_centroidY0 / d3_geo_centroidZ0]
        : [NaN, NaN];
  };

  path.bounds = function(object) {
    d3_geo_pathBoundsX1 = d3_geo_pathBoundsY1 = -(d3_geo_pathBoundsX0 = d3_geo_pathBoundsY0 = Infinity);
    d3.geo.stream(object, projectStream(d3_geo_pathBounds));
    return [[d3_geo_pathBoundsX0, d3_geo_pathBoundsY0], [d3_geo_pathBoundsX1, d3_geo_pathBoundsY1]];
  };

  path.projection = function(_) {
    if (!arguments.length) return projection;
    projectStream = (projection = _) ? _.stream || d3_geo_pathProjectStream(_) : d3_identity;
    return reset();
  };

  path.context = function(_) {
    if (!arguments.length) return context;
    contextStream = (context = _) == null ? new d3_geo_pathBuffer : new d3_geo_pathContext(_);
    if (typeof pointRadius !== "function") contextStream.pointRadius(pointRadius);
    return reset();
  };

  path.pointRadius = function(_) {
    if (!arguments.length) return pointRadius;
    pointRadius = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : (contextStream.pointRadius(+_), +_);
    return path;
  };

  function reset() {
    cacheStream = null;
    return path;
  }

  return path.projection(d3.geo.albersUsa()).context(null);
};

function d3_geo_pathProjectStream(project) {
  var resample = d3_geo_resample(function(x, y) { return project([x * d3_degrees, y * d3_degrees]); });
  return function(stream) { return d3_geo_projectionRadians(resample(stream)); };
}

d3.geo.transform = function(methods) {
  return {
    stream: function(stream) {
      var transform = new d3_geo_transform(stream);
      for (var k in methods) transform[k] = methods[k];
      return transform;
    }
  };
};

function d3_geo_transform(stream) {
  this.stream = stream;
}

d3_geo_transform.prototype = {
  point: function(x, y) { this.stream.point(x, y); },
  sphere: function() { this.stream.sphere(); },
  lineStart: function() { this.stream.lineStart(); },
  lineEnd: function() { this.stream.lineEnd(); },
  polygonStart: function() { this.stream.polygonStart(); },
  polygonEnd: function() { this.stream.polygonEnd(); }
};

function d3_geo_transformPoint(stream, point) {
  return {
    point: point,
    sphere: function() { stream.sphere(); },
    lineStart: function() { stream.lineStart(); },
    lineEnd: function() { stream.lineEnd(); },
    polygonStart: function() { stream.polygonStart(); },
    polygonEnd: function() { stream.polygonEnd(); },
  };
}

d3.geo.projection = d3_geo_projection;
d3.geo.projectionMutator = d3_geo_projectionMutator;

function d3_geo_projection(project) {
  return d3_geo_projectionMutator(function() { return project; })();
}

function d3_geo_projectionMutator(projectAt) {
  var project,
      rotate,
      projectRotate,
      projectResample = d3_geo_resample(function(x, y) { x = project(x, y); return [x[0] * k + δx, δy - x[1] * k]; }),
      k = 150, // scale
      x = 480, y = 250, // translate
      λ = 0, φ = 0, // center
      δλ = 0, δφ = 0, δγ = 0, // rotate
      δx, δy, // center
      preclip = d3_geo_clipAntimeridian,
      postclip = d3_identity,
      clipAngle = null,
      clipExtent = null,
      stream;

  function projection(point) {
    point = projectRotate(point[0] * d3_radians, point[1] * d3_radians);
    return [point[0] * k + δx, δy - point[1] * k];
  }

  function invert(point) {
    point = projectRotate.invert((point[0] - δx) / k, (δy - point[1]) / k);
    return point && [point[0] * d3_degrees, point[1] * d3_degrees];
  }

  projection.stream = function(output) {
    if (stream) stream.valid = false;
    stream = d3_geo_projectionRadians(preclip(rotate, projectResample(postclip(output))));
    stream.valid = true; // allow caching by d3.geo.path
    return stream;
  };

  projection.clipAngle = function(_) {
    if (!arguments.length) return clipAngle;
    preclip = _ == null ? (clipAngle = _, d3_geo_clipAntimeridian) : d3_geo_clipCircle((clipAngle = +_) * d3_radians);
    return invalidate();
  };

  projection.clipExtent = function(_) {
    if (!arguments.length) return clipExtent;
    clipExtent = _;
    postclip = _ ? d3_geo_clipExtent(_[0][0], _[0][1], _[1][0], _[1][1]) : d3_identity;
    return invalidate();
  };

  projection.scale = function(_) {
    if (!arguments.length) return k;
    k = +_;
    return reset();
  };

  projection.translate = function(_) {
    if (!arguments.length) return [x, y];
    x = +_[0];
    y = +_[1];
    return reset();
  };

  projection.center = function(_) {
    if (!arguments.length) return [λ * d3_degrees, φ * d3_degrees];
    λ = _[0] % 360 * d3_radians;
    φ = _[1] % 360 * d3_radians;
    return reset();
  };

  projection.rotate = function(_) {
    if (!arguments.length) return [δλ * d3_degrees, δφ * d3_degrees, δγ * d3_degrees];
    δλ = _[0] % 360 * d3_radians;
    δφ = _[1] % 360 * d3_radians;
    δγ = _.length > 2 ? _[2] % 360 * d3_radians : 0;
    return reset();
  };

  d3.rebind(projection, projectResample, "precision");

  function reset() {
    projectRotate = d3_geo_compose(rotate = d3_geo_rotation(δλ, δφ, δγ), project);
    var center = project(λ, φ);
    δx = x - center[0] * k;
    δy = y + center[1] * k;
    return invalidate();
  }

  function invalidate() {
    if (stream) stream.valid = false, stream = null;
    return projection;
  }

  return function() {
    project = projectAt.apply(this, arguments);
    projection.invert = project.invert && invert;
    return reset();
  };
}

function d3_geo_projectionRadians(stream) {
  return d3_geo_transformPoint(stream, function(x, y) {
    stream.point(x * d3_radians, y * d3_radians);
  });
}

function d3_geo_mercator(λ, φ) {
  return [λ, Math.log(Math.tan(π / 4 + φ / 2))];
}

d3_geo_mercator.invert = function(x, y) {
  return [x, 2 * Math.atan(Math.exp(y)) - halfπ];
};

function d3_geo_mercatorProjection(project) {
  var m = d3_geo_projection(project),
      scale = m.scale,
      translate = m.translate,
      clipExtent = m.clipExtent,
      clipAuto;

  m.scale = function() {
    var v = scale.apply(m, arguments);
    return v === m ? (clipAuto ? m.clipExtent(null) : m) : v;
  };

  m.translate = function() {
    var v = translate.apply(m, arguments);
    return v === m ? (clipAuto ? m.clipExtent(null) : m) : v;
  };

  m.clipExtent = function(_) {
    var v = clipExtent.apply(m, arguments);
    if (v === m) {
      if (clipAuto = _ == null) {
        var k = π * scale(), t = translate();
        clipExtent([[t[0] - k, t[1] - k], [t[0] + k, t[1] + k]]);
      }
    } else if (clipAuto) {
      v = null;
    }
    return v;
  };

  return m.clipExtent(null);
}

(d3.geo.mercator = function() {
  return d3_geo_mercatorProjection(d3_geo_mercator);
}).raw = d3_geo_mercator;
d3.geom = {};

d3.geom.polygon = function(coordinates) {
  d3_subclass(coordinates, d3_geom_polygonPrototype);
  return coordinates;
};

var d3_geom_polygonPrototype = d3.geom.polygon.prototype = [];

d3_geom_polygonPrototype.area = function() {
  var i = -1,
      n = this.length,
      a,
      b = this[n - 1],
      area = 0;

  while (++i < n) {
    a = b;
    b = this[i];
    area += a[1] * b[0] - a[0] * b[1];
  }

  return area * .5;
};

d3_geom_polygonPrototype.centroid = function(k) {
  var i = -1,
      n = this.length,
      x = 0,
      y = 0,
      a,
      b = this[n - 1],
      c;

  if (!arguments.length) k = -1 / (6 * this.area());

  while (++i < n) {
    a = b;
    b = this[i];
    c = a[0] * b[1] - b[0] * a[1];
    x += (a[0] + b[0]) * c;
    y += (a[1] + b[1]) * c;
  }

  return [x * k, y * k];
};

// The Sutherland-Hodgman clipping algorithm.
// Note: requires the clip polygon to be counterclockwise and convex.
d3_geom_polygonPrototype.clip = function(subject) {
  var input,
      closed = d3_geom_polygonClosed(subject),
      i = -1,
      n = this.length - d3_geom_polygonClosed(this),
      j,
      m,
      a = this[n - 1],
      b,
      c,
      d;

  while (++i < n) {
    input = subject.slice();
    subject.length = 0;
    b = this[i];
    c = input[(m = input.length - closed) - 1];
    j = -1;
    while (++j < m) {
      d = input[j];
      if (d3_geom_polygonInside(d, a, b)) {
        if (!d3_geom_polygonInside(c, a, b)) {
          subject.push(d3_geom_polygonIntersect(c, d, a, b));
        }
        subject.push(d);
      } else if (d3_geom_polygonInside(c, a, b)) {
        subject.push(d3_geom_polygonIntersect(c, d, a, b));
      }
      c = d;
    }
    if (closed) subject.push(subject[0]);
    a = b;
  }

  return subject;
};

function d3_geom_polygonInside(p, a, b) {
  return (b[0] - a[0]) * (p[1] - a[1]) < (b[1] - a[1]) * (p[0] - a[0]);
}

// Intersect two infinite lines cd and ab.
function d3_geom_polygonIntersect(c, d, a, b) {
  var x1 = c[0], x3 = a[0], x21 = d[0] - x1, x43 = b[0] - x3,
      y1 = c[1], y3 = a[1], y21 = d[1] - y1, y43 = b[1] - y3,
      ua = (x43 * (y1 - y3) - y43 * (x1 - x3)) / (y43 * x21 - x43 * y21);
  return [x1 + ua * x21, y1 + ua * y21];
}

// Returns true if the polygon is closed.
function d3_geom_polygonClosed(coordinates) {
  var a = coordinates[0],
      b = coordinates[coordinates.length - 1];
  return !(a[0] - b[0] || a[1] - b[1]);
}
function d3_geom_pointX(d) {
  return d[0];
}

function d3_geom_pointY(d) {
  return d[1];
}

/**
 * Computes the 2D convex hull of a set of points using the monotone chain
 * algorithm:
 * http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Algorithm_Implementation/Geometry/Convex_hull/Monotone_chain)
 *
 * The runtime of this algorithm is O(n log n), where n is the number of input
 * points. However in practice it outperforms other O(n log n) hulls.
 *
 * @param vertices [[x1, y1], [x2, y2], ...]
 * @returns polygon [[x1, y1], [x2, y2], ...]
 */
d3.geom.hull = function(vertices) {
  var x = d3_geom_pointX,
      y = d3_geom_pointY;

  if (arguments.length) return hull(vertices);

  function hull(data) {
    // Hull of < 3 points is not well-defined
    if (data.length < 3) return [];

    var fx = d3_functor(x),
        fy = d3_functor(y),
        i,
        n = data.length,
        points = [], // of the form [[x0, y0, 0], ..., [xn, yn, n]]
        flippedPoints = [];

    for (i = 0 ; i < n; i++) {
      points.push([+fx.call(this, data[i], i), +fy.call(this, data[i], i), i]);
    }

    // sort ascending by x-coord first, y-coord second
    points.sort(d3_geom_hullOrder);

    // we flip bottommost points across y axis so we can use the upper hull routine on both
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) flippedPoints.push([points[i][0], -points[i][1]]);

    var upper = d3_geom_hullUpper(points),
        lower = d3_geom_hullUpper(flippedPoints);

    // construct the polygon, removing possible duplicate endpoints
    var skipLeft = lower[0] === upper[0],
        skipRight  = lower[lower.length - 1] === upper[upper.length - 1],
        polygon = [];

    // add upper hull in r->l order
    // then add lower hull in l->r order
    for (i = upper.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) polygon.push(data[points[upper[i]][2]]);
    for (i = +skipLeft; i < lower.length - skipRight; ++i) polygon.push(data[points[lower[i]][2]]);

    return polygon;
  }

  hull.x = function(_) {
    return arguments.length ? (x = _, hull) : x;
  };

  hull.y = function(_) {
    return arguments.length ? (y = _, hull) : y;
  };

  return hull;
};

// finds the 'upper convex hull' (see wiki link above)
// assumes points arg has >=3 elements, is sorted by x, unique in y
// returns array of indices into points in left to right order
function d3_geom_hullUpper(points) {
  var n = points.length,
      hull = [0, 1],
      hs = 2; // hull size

  for (var i = 2; i < n; i++) {
    while (hs > 1 && d3_cross2d(points[hull[hs-2]], points[hull[hs-1]], points[i]) <= 0) --hs;
    hull[hs++] = i;
  }

  // we slice to make sure that the points we 'popped' from hull don't stay behind
  return hull.slice(0, hs);
}

// comparator for ascending sort by x-coord first, y-coord second
function d3_geom_hullOrder(a, b) {
  return a[0] - b[0] || a[1] - b[1];
}
// import "../transition/transition";

d3_selectionPrototype.transition = function(name) {
  var id = d3_transitionInheritId || ++d3_transitionId,
      ns = d3_transitionNamespace(name),
      subgroups = [],
      subgroup,
      node,
      transition = d3_transitionInherit || {time: Date.now(), ease: d3_ease_cubicInOut, delay: 0, duration: 250};

  for (var j = -1, m = this.length; ++j < m;) {
    subgroups.push(subgroup = []);
    for (var group = this[j], i = -1, n = group.length; ++i < n;) {
      if (node = group[i]) d3_transitionNode(node, i, ns, id, transition);
      subgroup.push(node);
    }
  }

  return d3_transition(subgroups, ns, id);
};
// import "../transition/transition";

// TODO Interrupt transitions for all namespaces?
d3_selectionPrototype.interrupt = function(name) {
  return this.each(name == null
      ? d3_selection_interrupt
      : d3_selection_interruptNS(d3_transitionNamespace(name)));
};

var d3_selection_interrupt = d3_selection_interruptNS(d3_transitionNamespace());

function d3_selection_interruptNS(ns) {
  return function() {
    var lock, active;
    if ((lock = this[ns]) && (active = lock[lock.active])) {
      if (--lock.count) delete lock[lock.active];
      else delete this[ns];
      lock.active += .5;
      active.event && active.event.interrupt.call(this, this.__data__, active.index);
    }
  };
}

function d3_transition(groups, ns, id) {
  d3_subclass(groups, d3_transitionPrototype);

  // Note: read-only!
  groups.namespace = ns;
  groups.id = id;

  return groups;
}

var d3_transitionPrototype = [],
    d3_transitionId = 0,
    d3_transitionInheritId,
    d3_transitionInherit;

d3_transitionPrototype.call = d3_selectionPrototype.call;
d3_transitionPrototype.empty = d3_selectionPrototype.empty;
d3_transitionPrototype.node = d3_selectionPrototype.node;
d3_transitionPrototype.size = d3_selectionPrototype.size;

d3.transition = function(selection, name) {
  return selection && selection.transition
      ? (d3_transitionInheritId ? selection.transition(name) : selection)
      : d3.selection().transition(selection);
};

d3.transition.prototype = d3_transitionPrototype;


d3_transitionPrototype.select = function(selector) {
  var id = this.id,
      ns = this.namespace,
      subgroups = [],
      subgroup,
      subnode,
      node;

  selector = d3_selection_selector(selector);

  for (var j = -1, m = this.length; ++j < m;) {
    subgroups.push(subgroup = []);
    for (var group = this[j], i = -1, n = group.length; ++i < n;) {
      if ((node = group[i]) && (subnode = selector.call(node, node.__data__, i, j))) {
        if ("__data__" in node) subnode.__data__ = node.__data__;
        d3_transitionNode(subnode, i, ns, id, node[ns][id]);
        subgroup.push(subnode);
      } else {
        subgroup.push(null);
      }
    }
  }

  return d3_transition(subgroups, ns, id);
};

d3_transitionPrototype.selectAll = function(selector) {
  var id = this.id,
      ns = this.namespace,
      subgroups = [],
      subgroup,
      subnodes,
      node,
      subnode,
      transition;

  selector = d3_selection_selectorAll(selector);

  for (var j = -1, m = this.length; ++j < m;) {
    for (var group = this[j], i = -1, n = group.length; ++i < n;) {
      if (node = group[i]) {
        transition = node[ns][id];
        subnodes = selector.call(node, node.__data__, i, j);
        subgroups.push(subgroup = []);
        for (var k = -1, o = subnodes.length; ++k < o;) {
          if (subnode = subnodes[k]) d3_transitionNode(subnode, k, ns, id, transition);
          subgroup.push(subnode);
        }
      }
    }
  }

  return d3_transition(subgroups, ns, id);
};

d3_transitionPrototype.filter = function(filter) {
  var subgroups = [],
      subgroup,
      group,
      node;

  if (typeof filter !== "function") filter = d3_selection_filter(filter);

  for (var j = 0, m = this.length; j < m; j++) {
    subgroups.push(subgroup = []);
    for (var group = this[j], i = 0, n = group.length; i < n; i++) {
      if ((node = group[i]) && filter.call(node, node.__data__, i, j)) {
        subgroup.push(node);
      }
    }
  }

  return d3_transition(subgroups, this.namespace, this.id);
};
d3.color = d3_color;

function d3_color() {}

d3_color.prototype.toString = function() {
  return this.rgb() + "";
};

d3.hsl = d3_hsl;

function d3_hsl(h, s, l) {
  return this instanceof d3_hsl ? void (this.h = +h, this.s = +s, this.l = +l)
      : arguments.length < 2 ? (h instanceof d3_hsl ? new d3_hsl(h.h, h.s, h.l)
      : d3_rgb_parse("" + h, d3_rgb_hsl, d3_hsl))
      : new d3_hsl(h, s, l);
}

var d3_hslPrototype = d3_hsl.prototype = new d3_color;

d3_hslPrototype.brighter = function(k) {
  k = Math.pow(0.7, arguments.length ? k : 1);
  return new d3_hsl(this.h, this.s, this.l / k);
};

d3_hslPrototype.darker = function(k) {
  k = Math.pow(0.7, arguments.length ? k : 1);
  return new d3_hsl(this.h, this.s, k * this.l);
};

d3_hslPrototype.rgb = function() {
  return d3_hsl_rgb(this.h, this.s, this.l);
};

function d3_hsl_rgb(h, s, l) {
  var m1,
      m2;

  /* Some simple corrections for h, s and l. */
  h = isNaN(h) ? 0 : (h %= 360) < 0 ? h + 360 : h;
  s = isNaN(s) ? 0 : s < 0 ? 0 : s > 1 ? 1 : s;
  l = l < 0 ? 0 : l > 1 ? 1 : l;

  /* From FvD 13.37, CSS Color Module Level 3 */
  m2 = l <= .5 ? l * (1 + s) : l + s - l * s;
  m1 = 2 * l - m2;

  function v(h) {
    if (h > 360) h -= 360;
    else if (h < 0) h += 360;
    if (h < 60) return m1 + (m2 - m1) * h / 60;
    if (h < 180) return m2;
    if (h < 240) return m1 + (m2 - m1) * (240 - h) / 60;
    return m1;
  }

  function vv(h) {
    return Math.round(v(h) * 255);
  }

  return new d3_rgb(vv(h + 120), vv(h), vv(h - 120));
}

d3.hcl = d3_hcl;

function d3_hcl(h, c, l) {
  return this instanceof d3_hcl ? void (this.h = +h, this.c = +c, this.l = +l)
      : arguments.length < 2 ? (h instanceof d3_hcl ? new d3_hcl(h.h, h.c, h.l)
      : (h instanceof d3_lab ? d3_lab_hcl(h.l, h.a, h.b)
      : d3_lab_hcl((h = d3_rgb_lab((h = d3.rgb(h)).r, h.g, h.b)).l, h.a, h.b)))
      : new d3_hcl(h, c, l);
}

var d3_hclPrototype = d3_hcl.prototype = new d3_color;

d3_hclPrototype.brighter = function(k) {
  return new d3_hcl(this.h, this.c, Math.min(100, this.l + d3_lab_K * (arguments.length ? k : 1)));
};

d3_hclPrototype.darker = function(k) {
  return new d3_hcl(this.h, this.c, Math.max(0, this.l - d3_lab_K * (arguments.length ? k : 1)));
};

d3_hclPrototype.rgb = function() {
  return d3_hcl_lab(this.h, this.c, this.l).rgb();
};

function d3_hcl_lab(h, c, l) {
  if (isNaN(h)) h = 0;
  if (isNaN(c)) c = 0;
  return new d3_lab(l, Math.cos(h *= d3_radians) * c, Math.sin(h) * c);
}

d3.lab = d3_lab;

function d3_lab(l, a, b) {
  return this instanceof d3_lab ? void (this.l = +l, this.a = +a, this.b = +b)
      : arguments.length < 2 ? (l instanceof d3_lab ? new d3_lab(l.l, l.a, l.b)
      : (l instanceof d3_hcl ? d3_hcl_lab(l.h, l.c, l.l)
      : d3_rgb_lab((l = d3_rgb(l)).r, l.g, l.b)))
      : new d3_lab(l, a, b);
}

// Corresponds roughly to RGB brighter/darker
var d3_lab_K = 18;

// D65 standard referent
var d3_lab_X = 0.950470,
    d3_lab_Y = 1,
    d3_lab_Z = 1.088830;

var d3_labPrototype = d3_lab.prototype = new d3_color;

d3_labPrototype.brighter = function(k) {
  return new d3_lab(Math.min(100, this.l + d3_lab_K * (arguments.length ? k : 1)), this.a, this.b);
};

d3_labPrototype.darker = function(k) {
  return new d3_lab(Math.max(0, this.l - d3_lab_K * (arguments.length ? k : 1)), this.a, this.b);
};

d3_labPrototype.rgb = function() {
  return d3_lab_rgb(this.l, this.a, this.b);
};

function d3_lab_rgb(l, a, b) {
  var y = (l + 16) / 116,
      x = y + a / 500,
      z = y - b / 200;
  x = d3_lab_xyz(x) * d3_lab_X;
  y = d3_lab_xyz(y) * d3_lab_Y;
  z = d3_lab_xyz(z) * d3_lab_Z;
  return new d3_rgb(
    d3_xyz_rgb( 3.2404542 * x - 1.5371385 * y - 0.4985314 * z),
    d3_xyz_rgb(-0.9692660 * x + 1.8760108 * y + 0.0415560 * z),
    d3_xyz_rgb( 0.0556434 * x - 0.2040259 * y + 1.0572252 * z)
  );
}

function d3_lab_hcl(l, a, b) {
  return l > 0
      ? new d3_hcl(Math.atan2(b, a) * d3_degrees, Math.sqrt(a * a + b * b), l)
      : new d3_hcl(NaN, NaN, l);
}

function d3_lab_xyz(x) {
  return x > 0.206893034 ? x * x * x : (x - 4 / 29) / 7.787037;
}
function d3_xyz_lab(x) {
  return x > 0.008856 ? Math.pow(x, 1 / 3) : 7.787037 * x + 4 / 29;
}

function d3_xyz_rgb(r) {
  return Math.round(255 * (r <= 0.00304 ? 12.92 * r : 1.055 * Math.pow(r, 1 / 2.4) - 0.055));
}

d3.rgb = d3_rgb;

function d3_rgb(r, g, b) {
  return this instanceof d3_rgb ? void (this.r = ~~r, this.g = ~~g, this.b = ~~b)
      : arguments.length < 2 ? (r instanceof d3_rgb ? new d3_rgb(r.r, r.g, r.b)
      : d3_rgb_parse("" + r, d3_rgb, d3_hsl_rgb))
      : new d3_rgb(r, g, b);
}

function d3_rgbNumber(value) {
  return new d3_rgb(value >> 16, value >> 8 & 0xff, value & 0xff);
}

function d3_rgbString(value) {
  return d3_rgbNumber(value) + "";
}

var d3_rgbPrototype = d3_rgb.prototype = new d3_color;

d3_rgbPrototype.brighter = function(k) {
  k = Math.pow(0.7, arguments.length ? k : 1);
  var r = this.r,
      g = this.g,
      b = this.b,
      i = 30;
  if (!r && !g && !b) return new d3_rgb(i, i, i);
  if (r && r < i) r = i;
  if (g && g < i) g = i;
  if (b && b < i) b = i;
  return new d3_rgb(Math.min(255, r / k), Math.min(255, g / k), Math.min(255, b / k));
};

d3_rgbPrototype.darker = function(k) {
  k = Math.pow(0.7, arguments.length ? k : 1);
  return new d3_rgb(k * this.r, k * this.g, k * this.b);
};

d3_rgbPrototype.hsl = function() {
  return d3_rgb_hsl(this.r, this.g, this.b);
};

d3_rgbPrototype.toString = function() {
  return "#" + d3_rgb_hex(this.r) + d3_rgb_hex(this.g) + d3_rgb_hex(this.b);
};

function d3_rgb_hex(v) {
  return v < 0x10
      ? "0" + Math.max(0, v).toString(16)
      : Math.min(255, v).toString(16);
}

function d3_rgb_parse(format, rgb, hsl) {
  var r = 0, // red channel; int in [0, 255]
      g = 0, // green channel; int in [0, 255]
      b = 0, // blue channel; int in [0, 255]
      m1, // CSS color specification match
      m2, // CSS color specification type (e.g., rgb)
      color;

  /* Handle hsl, rgb. */
  m1 = /([a-z]+)\((.*)\)/i.exec(format);
  if (m1) {
    m2 = m1[2].split(",");
    switch (m1[1]) {
      case "hsl": {
        return hsl(
          parseFloat(m2[0]), // degrees
          parseFloat(m2[1]) / 100, // percentage
          parseFloat(m2[2]) / 100 // percentage
        );
      }
      case "rgb": {
        return rgb(
          d3_rgb_parseNumber(m2[0]),
          d3_rgb_parseNumber(m2[1]),
          d3_rgb_parseNumber(m2[2])
        );
      }
    }
  }

  /* Named colors. */
  if (color = d3_rgb_names.get(format.toLowerCase())) {
    return rgb(color.r, color.g, color.b);
  }

  /* Hexadecimal colors: #rgb and #rrggbb. */
  if (format != null && format.charAt(0) === "#" && !isNaN(color = parseInt(format.slice(1), 16))) {
    if (format.length === 4) {
      r = (color & 0xf00) >> 4; r = (r >> 4) | r;
      g = (color & 0xf0); g = (g >> 4) | g;
      b = (color & 0xf); b = (b << 4) | b;
    } else if (format.length === 7) {
      r = (color & 0xff0000) >> 16;
      g = (color & 0xff00) >> 8;
      b = (color & 0xff);
    }
  }

  return rgb(r, g, b);
}

function d3_rgb_hsl(r, g, b) {
  var min = Math.min(r /= 255, g /= 255, b /= 255),
      max = Math.max(r, g, b),
      d = max - min,
      h,
      s,
      l = (max + min) / 2;
  if (d) {
    s = l < .5 ? d / (max + min) : d / (2 - max - min);
    if (r == max) h = (g - b) / d + (g < b ? 6 : 0);
    else if (g == max) h = (b - r) / d + 2;
    else h = (r - g) / d + 4;
    h *= 60;
  } else {
    h = NaN;
    s = l > 0 && l < 1 ? 0 : h;
  }
  return new d3_hsl(h, s, l);
}

function d3_rgb_lab(r, g, b) {
  r = d3_rgb_xyz(r);
  g = d3_rgb_xyz(g);
  b = d3_rgb_xyz(b);
  var x = d3_xyz_lab((0.4124564 * r + 0.3575761 * g + 0.1804375 * b) / d3_lab_X),
      y = d3_xyz_lab((0.2126729 * r + 0.7151522 * g + 0.0721750 * b) / d3_lab_Y),
      z = d3_xyz_lab((0.0193339 * r + 0.1191920 * g + 0.9503041 * b) / d3_lab_Z);
  return d3_lab(116 * y - 16, 500 * (x - y), 200 * (y - z));
}

function d3_rgb_xyz(r) {
  return (r /= 255) <= 0.04045 ? r / 12.92 : Math.pow((r + 0.055) / 1.055, 2.4);
}

function d3_rgb_parseNumber(c) { // either integer or percentage
  var f = parseFloat(c);
  return c.charAt(c.length - 1) === "%" ? Math.round(f * 2.55) : f;
}

var d3_rgb_names = d3.map({
  aliceblue: 0xf0f8ff,
  antiquewhite: 0xfaebd7,
  aqua: 0x00ffff,
  aquamarine: 0x7fffd4,
  azure: 0xf0ffff,
  beige: 0xf5f5dc,
  bisque: 0xffe4c4,
  black: 0x000000,
  blanchedalmond: 0xffebcd,
  blue: 0x0000ff,
  blueviolet: 0x8a2be2,
  brown: 0xa52a2a,
  burlywood: 0xdeb887,
  cadetblue: 0x5f9ea0,
  chartreuse: 0x7fff00,
  chocolate: 0xd2691e,
  coral: 0xff7f50,
  cornflowerblue: 0x6495ed,
  cornsilk: 0xfff8dc,
  crimson: 0xdc143c,
  cyan: 0x00ffff,
  darkblue: 0x00008b,
  darkcyan: 0x008b8b,
  darkgoldenrod: 0xb8860b,
  darkgray: 0xa9a9a9,
  darkgreen: 0x006400,
  darkgrey: 0xa9a9a9,
  darkkhaki: 0xbdb76b,
  darkmagenta: 0x8b008b,
  darkolivegreen: 0x556b2f,
  darkorange: 0xff8c00,
  darkorchid: 0x9932cc,
  darkred: 0x8b0000,
  darksalmon: 0xe9967a,
  darkseagreen: 0x8fbc8f,
  darkslateblue: 0x483d8b,
  darkslategray: 0x2f4f4f,
  darkslategrey: 0x2f4f4f,
  darkturquoise: 0x00ced1,
  darkviolet: 0x9400d3,
  deeppink: 0xff1493,
  deepskyblue: 0x00bfff,
  dimgray: 0x696969,
  dimgrey: 0x696969,
  dodgerblue: 0x1e90ff,
  firebrick: 0xb22222,
  floralwhite: 0xfffaf0,
  forestgreen: 0x228b22,
  fuchsia: 0xff00ff,
  gainsboro: 0xdcdcdc,
  ghostwhite: 0xf8f8ff,
  gold: 0xffd700,
  goldenrod: 0xdaa520,
  gray: 0x808080,
  green: 0x008000,
  greenyellow: 0xadff2f,
  grey: 0x808080,
  honeydew: 0xf0fff0,
  hotpink: 0xff69b4,
  indianred: 0xcd5c5c,
  indigo: 0x4b0082,
  ivory: 0xfffff0,
  khaki: 0xf0e68c,
  lavender: 0xe6e6fa,
  lavenderblush: 0xfff0f5,
  lawngreen: 0x7cfc00,
  lemonchiffon: 0xfffacd,
  lightblue: 0xadd8e6,
  lightcoral: 0xf08080,
  lightcyan: 0xe0ffff,
  lightgoldenrodyellow: 0xfafad2,
  lightgray: 0xd3d3d3,
  lightgreen: 0x90ee90,
  lightgrey: 0xd3d3d3,
  lightpink: 0xffb6c1,
  lightsalmon: 0xffa07a,
  lightseagreen: 0x20b2aa,
  lightskyblue: 0x87cefa,
  lightslategray: 0x778899,
  lightslategrey: 0x778899,
  lightsteelblue: 0xb0c4de,
  lightyellow: 0xffffe0,
  lime: 0x00ff00,
  limegreen: 0x32cd32,
  linen: 0xfaf0e6,
  magenta: 0xff00ff,
  maroon: 0x800000,
  mediumaquamarine: 0x66cdaa,
  mediumblue: 0x0000cd,
  mediumorchid: 0xba55d3,
  mediumpurple: 0x9370db,
  mediumseagreen: 0x3cb371,
  mediumslateblue: 0x7b68ee,
  mediumspringgreen: 0x00fa9a,
  mediumturquoise: 0x48d1cc,
  mediumvioletred: 0xc71585,
  midnightblue: 0x191970,
  mintcream: 0xf5fffa,
  mistyrose: 0xffe4e1,
  moccasin: 0xffe4b5,
  navajowhite: 0xffdead,
  navy: 0x000080,
  oldlace: 0xfdf5e6,
  olive: 0x808000,
  olivedrab: 0x6b8e23,
  orange: 0xffa500,
  orangered: 0xff4500,
  orchid: 0xda70d6,
  palegoldenrod: 0xeee8aa,
  palegreen: 0x98fb98,
  paleturquoise: 0xafeeee,
  palevioletred: 0xdb7093,
  papayawhip: 0xffefd5,
  peachpuff: 0xffdab9,
  peru: 0xcd853f,
  pink: 0xffc0cb,
  plum: 0xdda0dd,
  powderblue: 0xb0e0e6,
  purple: 0x800080,
  rebeccapurple: 0x663399,
  red: 0xff0000,
  rosybrown: 0xbc8f8f,
  royalblue: 0x4169e1,
  saddlebrown: 0x8b4513,
  salmon: 0xfa8072,
  sandybrown: 0xf4a460,
  seagreen: 0x2e8b57,
  seashell: 0xfff5ee,
  sienna: 0xa0522d,
  silver: 0xc0c0c0,
  skyblue: 0x87ceeb,
  slateblue: 0x6a5acd,
  slategray: 0x708090,
  slategrey: 0x708090,
  snow: 0xfffafa,
  springgreen: 0x00ff7f,
  steelblue: 0x4682b4,
  tan: 0xd2b48c,
  teal: 0x008080,
  thistle: 0xd8bfd8,
  tomato: 0xff6347,
  turquoise: 0x40e0d0,
  violet: 0xee82ee,
  wheat: 0xf5deb3,
  white: 0xffffff,
  whitesmoke: 0xf5f5f5,
  yellow: 0xffff00,
  yellowgreen: 0x9acd32
});

d3_rgb_names.forEach(function(key, value) {
  d3_rgb_names.set(key, d3_rgbNumber(value));
});

d3.interpolateRgb = d3_interpolateRgb;

function d3_interpolateRgb(a, b) {
  a = d3.rgb(a);
  b = d3.rgb(b);
  var ar = a.r,
      ag = a.g,
      ab = a.b,
      br = b.r - ar,
      bg = b.g - ag,
      bb = b.b - ab;
  return function(t) {
    return "#"
        + d3_rgb_hex(Math.round(ar + br * t))
        + d3_rgb_hex(Math.round(ag + bg * t))
        + d3_rgb_hex(Math.round(ab + bb * t));
  };
}

d3.interpolateObject = d3_interpolateObject;

function d3_interpolateObject(a, b) {
  var i = {},
      c = {},
      k;
  for (k in a) {
    if (k in b) {
      i[k] = d3_interpolate(a[k], b[k]);
    } else {
      c[k] = a[k];
    }
  }
  for (k in b) {
    if (!(k in a)) {
      c[k] = b[k];
    }
  }
  return function(t) {
    for (k in i) c[k] = i[k](t);
    return c;
  };
}

d3.interpolateArray = d3_interpolateArray;

function d3_interpolateArray(a, b) {
  var x = [],
      c = [],
      na = a.length,
      nb = b.length,
      n0 = Math.min(a.length, b.length),
      i;
  for (i = 0; i < n0; ++i) x.push(d3_interpolate(a[i], b[i]));
  for (; i < na; ++i) c[i] = a[i];
  for (; i < nb; ++i) c[i] = b[i];
  return function(t) {
    for (i = 0; i < n0; ++i) c[i] = x[i](t);
    return c;
  };
}
d3.interpolateNumber = d3_interpolateNumber;

function d3_interpolateNumber(a, b) {
  a = +a, b = +b;
  return function(t) { return a * (1 - t) + b * t; };
}

d3.interpolateString = d3_interpolateString;

function d3_interpolateString(a, b) {
  var bi = d3_interpolate_numberA.lastIndex = d3_interpolate_numberB.lastIndex = 0, // scan index for next number in b
      am, // current match in a
      bm, // current match in b
      bs, // string preceding current number in b, if any
      i = -1, // index in s
      s = [], // string constants and placeholders
      q = []; // number interpolators

  // Coerce inputs to strings.
  a = a + "", b = b + "";

  // Interpolate pairs of numbers in a & b.
  while ((am = d3_interpolate_numberA.exec(a))
      && (bm = d3_interpolate_numberB.exec(b))) {
    if ((bs = bm.index) > bi) { // a string precedes the next number in b
      bs = b.slice(bi, bs);
      if (s[i]) s[i] += bs; // coalesce with previous string
      else s[++i] = bs;
    }
    if ((am = am[0]) === (bm = bm[0])) { // numbers in a & b match
      if (s[i]) s[i] += bm; // coalesce with previous string
      else s[++i] = bm;
    } else { // interpolate non-matching numbers
      s[++i] = null;
      q.push({i: i, x: d3_interpolateNumber(am, bm)});
    }
    bi = d3_interpolate_numberB.lastIndex;
  }

  // Add remains of b.
  if (bi < b.length) {
    bs = b.slice(bi);
    if (s[i]) s[i] += bs; // coalesce with previous string
    else s[++i] = bs;
  }

  // Special optimization for only a single match.
  // Otherwise, interpolate each of the numbers and rejoin the string.
  return s.length < 2
      ? (q[0] ? (b = q[0].x, function(t) { return b(t) + ""; })
      : function() { return b; })
      : (b = q.length, function(t) {
          for (var i = 0, o; i < b; ++i) s[(o = q[i]).i] = o.x(t);
          return s.join("");
        });
}

var d3_interpolate_numberA = /[-+]?(?:\d+\.?\d*|\.?\d+)(?:[eE][-+]?\d+)?/g,
    d3_interpolate_numberB = new RegExp(d3_interpolate_numberA.source, "g");

d3.interpolate = d3_interpolate;

function d3_interpolate(a, b) {
  var i = d3.interpolators.length, f;
  while (--i >= 0 && !(f = d3.interpolators[i](a, b)));
  return f;
}

d3.interpolators = [
  function(a, b) {
    var t = typeof b;
    return (t === "string" ? (d3_rgb_names.has(b) || /^(#|rgb\(|hsl\()/.test(b) ? d3_interpolateRgb : d3_interpolateString)
        : b instanceof d3_color ? d3_interpolateRgb
        : Array.isArray(b) ? d3_interpolateArray
        : t === "object" && isNaN(b) ? d3_interpolateObject
        : d3_interpolateNumber)(a, b);
  }
];

d3.transform = function(string) {
  var g = d3_document.createElementNS(d3.ns.prefix.svg, "g");
  return (d3.transform = function(string) {
    if (string != null) {
      g.setAttribute("transform", string);
      var t = g.transform.baseVal.consolidate();
    }
    return new d3_transform(t ? t.matrix : d3_transformIdentity);
  })(string);
};

// Compute x-scale and normalize the first row.
// Compute shear and make second row orthogonal to first.
// Compute y-scale and normalize the second row.
// Finally, compute the rotation.
function d3_transform(m) {
  var r0 = [m.a, m.b],
      r1 = [m.c, m.d],
      kx = d3_transformNormalize(r0),
      kz = d3_transformDot(r0, r1),
      ky = d3_transformNormalize(d3_transformCombine(r1, r0, -kz)) || 0;
  if (r0[0] * r1[1] < r1[0] * r0[1]) {
    r0[0] *= -1;
    r0[1] *= -1;
    kx *= -1;
    kz *= -1;
  }
  this.rotate = (kx ? Math.atan2(r0[1], r0[0]) : Math.atan2(-r1[0], r1[1])) * d3_degrees;
  this.translate = [m.e, m.f];
  this.scale = [kx, ky];
  this.skew = ky ? Math.atan2(kz, ky) * d3_degrees : 0;
};

d3_transform.prototype.toString = function() {
  return "translate(" + this.translate
      + ")rotate(" + this.rotate
      + ")skewX(" + this.skew
      + ")scale(" + this.scale
      + ")";
};

function d3_transformDot(a, b) {
  return a[0] * b[0] + a[1] * b[1];
}

function d3_transformNormalize(a) {
  var k = Math.sqrt(d3_transformDot(a, a));
  if (k) {
    a[0] /= k;
    a[1] /= k;
  }
  return k;
}

function d3_transformCombine(a, b, k) {
  a[0] += k * b[0];
  a[1] += k * b[1];
  return a;
}

var d3_transformIdentity = {a: 1, b: 0, c: 0, d: 1, e: 0, f: 0};

d3.interpolateTransform = d3_interpolateTransform;

function d3_interpolateTransform(a, b) {
  var s = [], // string constants and placeholders
      q = [], // number interpolators
      n,
      A = d3.transform(a),
      B = d3.transform(b),
      ta = A.translate,
      tb = B.translate,
      ra = A.rotate,
      rb = B.rotate,
      wa = A.skew,
      wb = B.skew,
      ka = A.scale,
      kb = B.scale;

  if (ta[0] != tb[0] || ta[1] != tb[1]) {
    s.push("translate(", null, ",", null, ")");
    q.push({i: 1, x: d3_interpolateNumber(ta[0], tb[0])}, {i: 3, x: d3_interpolateNumber(ta[1], tb[1])});
  } else if (tb[0] || tb[1]) {
    s.push("translate(" + tb + ")");
  } else {
    s.push("");
  }

  if (ra != rb) {
    if (ra - rb > 180) rb += 360; else if (rb - ra > 180) ra += 360; // shortest path
    q.push({i: s.push(s.pop() + "rotate(", null, ")") - 2, x: d3_interpolateNumber(ra, rb)});
  } else if (rb) {
    s.push(s.pop() + "rotate(" + rb + ")");
  }

  if (wa != wb) {
    q.push({i: s.push(s.pop() + "skewX(", null, ")") - 2, x: d3_interpolateNumber(wa, wb)});
  } else if (wb) {
    s.push(s.pop() + "skewX(" + wb + ")");
  }

  if (ka[0] != kb[0] || ka[1] != kb[1]) {
    n = s.push(s.pop() + "scale(", null, ",", null, ")");
    q.push({i: n - 4, x: d3_interpolateNumber(ka[0], kb[0])}, {i: n - 2, x: d3_interpolateNumber(ka[1], kb[1])});
  } else if (kb[0] != 1 || kb[1] != 1) {
    s.push(s.pop() + "scale(" + kb + ")");
  }

  n = q.length;
  return function(t) {
    var i = -1, o;
    while (++i < n) s[(o = q[i]).i] = o.x(t);
    return s.join("");
  };
}

d3_transitionPrototype.tween = function(name, tween) {
  var id = this.id, ns = this.namespace;
  if (arguments.length < 2) return this.node()[ns][id].tween.get(name);
  return d3_selection_each(this, tween == null
        ? function(node) { node[ns][id].tween.remove(name); }
        : function(node) { node[ns][id].tween.set(name, tween); });
};

function d3_transition_tween(groups, name, value, tween) {
  var id = groups.id, ns = groups.namespace;
  return d3_selection_each(groups, typeof value === "function"
      ? function(node, i, j) { node[ns][id].tween.set(name, tween(value.call(node, node.__data__, i, j))); }
      : (value = tween(value), function(node) { node[ns][id].tween.set(name, value); }));
}

d3_transitionPrototype.attr = function(nameNS, value) {
  if (arguments.length < 2) {

    // For attr(object), the object specifies the names and values of the
    // attributes to transition. The values may be functions that are
    // evaluated for each element.
    for (value in nameNS) this.attr(value, nameNS[value]);
    return this;
  }

  var interpolate = nameNS == "transform" ? d3_interpolateTransform : d3_interpolate,
      name = d3.ns.qualify(nameNS);

  // For attr(string, null), remove the attribute with the specified name.
  function attrNull() {
    this.removeAttribute(name);
  }
  function attrNullNS() {
    this.removeAttributeNS(name.space, name.local);
  }

  // For attr(string, string), set the attribute with the specified name.
  function attrTween(b) {
    return b == null ? attrNull : (b += "", function() {
      var a = this.getAttribute(name), i;
      return a !== b && (i = interpolate(a, b), function(t) { this.setAttribute(name, i(t)); });
    });
  }
  function attrTweenNS(b) {
    return b == null ? attrNullNS : (b += "", function() {
      var a = this.getAttributeNS(name.space, name.local), i;
      return a !== b && (i = interpolate(a, b), function(t) { this.setAttributeNS(name.space, name.local, i(t)); });
    });
  }

  return d3_transition_tween(this, "attr." + nameNS, value, name.local ? attrTweenNS : attrTween);
};

d3_transitionPrototype.attrTween = function(nameNS, tween) {
  var name = d3.ns.qualify(nameNS);

  function attrTween(d, i) {
    var f = tween.call(this, d, i, this.getAttribute(name));
    return f && function(t) { this.setAttribute(name, f(t)); };
  }
  function attrTweenNS(d, i) {
    var f = tween.call(this, d, i, this.getAttributeNS(name.space, name.local));
    return f && function(t) { this.setAttributeNS(name.space, name.local, f(t)); };
  }

  return this.tween("attr." + nameNS, name.local ? attrTweenNS : attrTween);
};

d3_transitionPrototype.style = function(name, value, priority) {
  var n = arguments.length;
  if (n < 3) {

    // For style(object) or style(object, string), the object specifies the
    // names and values of the attributes to set or remove. The values may be
    // functions that are evaluated for each element. The optional string
    // specifies the priority.
    if (typeof name !== "string") {
      if (n < 2) value = "";
      for (priority in name) this.style(priority, name[priority], value);
      return this;
    }

    // For style(string, string) or style(string, function), use the default
    // priority. The priority is ignored for style(string, null).
    priority = "";
  }

  // For style(name, null) or style(name, null, priority), remove the style
  // property with the specified name. The priority is ignored.
  function styleNull() {
    this.style.removeProperty(name);
  }

  // For style(name, string) or style(name, string, priority), set the style
  // property with the specified name, using the specified priority.
  // Otherwise, a name, value and priority are specified, and handled as below.
  function styleString(b) {
    return b == null ? styleNull : (b += "", function() {
      var a = d3_window(this).getComputedStyle(this, null).getPropertyValue(name), i;
      return a !== b && (i = d3_interpolate(a, b), function(t) { this.style.setProperty(name, i(t), priority); });
    });
  }

  return d3_transition_tween(this, "style." + name, value, styleString);
};

d3_transitionPrototype.styleTween = function(name, tween, priority) {
  if (arguments.length < 3) priority = "";

  function styleTween(d, i) {
    var f = tween.call(this, d, i, d3_window(this).getComputedStyle(this, null).getPropertyValue(name));
    return f && function(t) { this.style.setProperty(name, f(t), priority); };
  }

  return this.tween("style." + name, styleTween);
};

d3_transitionPrototype.text = function(value) {
  return d3_transition_tween(this, "text", value, d3_transition_text);
};

function d3_transition_text(b) {
  if (b == null) b = "";
  return function() { this.textContent = b; };
}

d3_transitionPrototype.remove = function() {
  var ns = this.namespace;
  return this.each("end.transition", function() {
    var p;
    if (this[ns].count < 2 && (p = this.parentNode)) p.removeChild(this);
  });
};

var d3_ease_default = function() { return d3_identity; };

var d3_ease = d3.map({
  linear: d3_ease_default,
  poly: d3_ease_poly,
  quad: function() { return d3_ease_quad; },
  cubic: function() { return d3_ease_cubic; },
  sin: function() { return d3_ease_sin; },
  exp: function() { return d3_ease_exp; },
  circle: function() { return d3_ease_circle; },
  elastic: d3_ease_elastic,
  back: d3_ease_back,
  bounce: function() { return d3_ease_bounce; }
});

var d3_ease_mode = d3.map({
  "in": d3_identity,
  "out": d3_ease_reverse,
  "in-out": d3_ease_reflect,
  "out-in": function(f) { return d3_ease_reflect(d3_ease_reverse(f)); }
});

d3.ease = function(name) {
  var i = name.indexOf("-"),
      t = i >= 0 ? name.slice(0, i) : name,
      m = i >= 0 ? name.slice(i + 1) : "in";
  t = d3_ease.get(t) || d3_ease_default;
  m = d3_ease_mode.get(m) || d3_identity;
  return d3_ease_clamp(m(t.apply(null, d3_arraySlice.call(arguments, 1))));
};

function d3_ease_clamp(f) {
  return function(t) {
    return t <= 0 ? 0 : t >= 1 ? 1 : f(t);
  };
}

function d3_ease_reverse(f) {
  return function(t) {
    return 1 - f(1 - t);
  };
}

function d3_ease_reflect(f) {
  return function(t) {
    return .5 * (t < .5 ? f(2 * t) : (2 - f(2 - 2 * t)));
  };
}

function d3_ease_quad(t) {
  return t * t;
}

function d3_ease_cubic(t) {
  return t * t * t;
}

// Optimized clamp(reflect(poly(3))).
function d3_ease_cubicInOut(t) {
  if (t <= 0) return 0;
  if (t >= 1) return 1;
  var t2 = t * t, t3 = t2 * t;
  return 4 * (t < .5 ? t3 : 3 * (t - t2) + t3 - .75);
}

function d3_ease_poly(e) {
  return function(t) {
    return Math.pow(t, e);
  };
}

function d3_ease_sin(t) {
  return 1 - Math.cos(t * halfπ);
}

function d3_ease_exp(t) {
  return Math.pow(2, 10 * (t - 1));
}

function d3_ease_circle(t) {
  return 1 - Math.sqrt(1 - t * t);
}

function d3_ease_elastic(a, p) {
  var s;
  if (arguments.length < 2) p = 0.45;
  if (arguments.length) s = p / τ * Math.asin(1 / a);
  else a = 1, s = p / 4;
  return function(t) {
    return 1 + a * Math.pow(2, -10 * t) * Math.sin((t - s) * τ / p);
  };
}

function d3_ease_back(s) {
  if (!s) s = 1.70158;
  return function(t) {
    return t * t * ((s + 1) * t - s);
  };
}

function d3_ease_bounce(t) {
  return t < 1 / 2.75 ? 7.5625 * t * t
      : t < 2 / 2.75 ? 7.5625 * (t -= 1.5 / 2.75) * t + .75
      : t < 2.5 / 2.75 ? 7.5625 * (t -= 2.25 / 2.75) * t + .9375
      : 7.5625 * (t -= 2.625 / 2.75) * t + .984375;
}

d3_transitionPrototype.ease = function(value) {
  var id = this.id, ns = this.namespace;
  if (arguments.length < 1) return this.node()[ns][id].ease;
  if (typeof value !== "function") value = d3.ease.apply(d3, arguments);
  return d3_selection_each(this, function(node) { node[ns][id].ease = value; });
};

d3_transitionPrototype.delay = function(value) {
  var id = this.id, ns = this.namespace;
  if (arguments.length < 1) return this.node()[ns][id].delay;
  return d3_selection_each(this, typeof value === "function"
      ? function(node, i, j) { node[ns][id].delay = +value.call(node, node.__data__, i, j); }
      : (value = +value, function(node) { node[ns][id].delay = value; }));
};

d3_transitionPrototype.duration = function(value) {
  var id = this.id, ns = this.namespace;
  if (arguments.length < 1) return this.node()[ns][id].duration;
  return d3_selection_each(this, typeof value === "function"
      ? function(node, i, j) { node[ns][id].duration = Math.max(1, value.call(node, node.__data__, i, j)); }
      : (value = Math.max(1, value), function(node) { node[ns][id].duration = value; }));
};

d3_transitionPrototype.each = function(type, listener) {
  var id = this.id, ns = this.namespace;
  if (arguments.length < 2) {
    var inherit = d3_transitionInherit,
        inheritId = d3_transitionInheritId;
    try {
      d3_transitionInheritId = id;
      d3_selection_each(this, function(node, i, j) {
        d3_transitionInherit = node[ns][id];
        type.call(node, node.__data__, i, j);
      });
    } finally {
      d3_transitionInherit = inherit;
      d3_transitionInheritId = inheritId;
    }
  } else {
    d3_selection_each(this, function(node) {
      var transition = node[ns][id];
      (transition.event || (transition.event = d3.dispatch("start", "end", "interrupt"))).on(type, listener);
    });
  }
  return this;
};

d3_transitionPrototype.transition = function() {
  var id0 = this.id,
      id1 = ++d3_transitionId,
      ns = this.namespace,
      subgroups = [],
      subgroup,
      group,
      node,
      transition;

  for (var j = 0, m = this.length; j < m; j++) {
    subgroups.push(subgroup = []);
    for (var group = this[j], i = 0, n = group.length; i < n; i++) {
      if (node = group[i]) {
        transition = node[ns][id0];
        d3_transitionNode(node, i, ns, id1, {time: transition.time, ease: transition.ease, delay: transition.delay + transition.duration, duration: transition.duration});
      }
      subgroup.push(node);
    }
  }

  return d3_transition(subgroups, ns, id1);
};

function d3_transitionNamespace(name) {
  return name == null ? "__transition__" : "__transition_" + name + "__";
}

function d3_transitionNode(node, i, ns, id, inherit) {
  var lock = node[ns] || (node[ns] = {active: 0, count: 0}),
      transition = lock[id];

  if (!transition) {
    var time = inherit.time;

    transition = lock[id] = {
      tween: new d3_Map,
      time: time,
      delay: inherit.delay,
      duration: inherit.duration,
      ease: inherit.ease,
      index: i
    };

    inherit = null; // allow gc

    ++lock.count;

    d3.timer(function(elapsed) {
      var delay = transition.delay,
          duration,
          ease,
          timer = d3_timer_active,
          tweened = [];

      timer.t = delay + time;
      if (delay <= elapsed) return start(elapsed - delay);
      timer.c = start;

      function start(elapsed) {
        if (lock.active > id) return stop();

        var active = lock[lock.active];
        if (active) {
          --lock.count;
          delete lock[lock.active];
          active.event && active.event.interrupt.call(node, node.__data__, active.index);
        }

        lock.active = id;

        transition.event && transition.event.start.call(node, node.__data__, i);

        transition.tween.forEach(function(key, value) {
          if (value = value.call(node, node.__data__, i)) {
            tweened.push(value);
          }
        });

        // Deferred capture to allow tweens to initialize ease & duration.
        ease = transition.ease;
        duration = transition.duration;

        d3.timer(function() { // defer to end of current frame
          timer.c = tick(elapsed || 1) ? d3_true : tick;
          return 1;
        }, 0, time);
      }

      function tick(elapsed) {
        if (lock.active !== id) return 1;

        var t = elapsed / duration,
            e = ease(t),
            n = tweened.length;

        while (n > 0) {
          tweened[--n].call(node, e);
        }

        if (t >= 1) {
          transition.event && transition.event.end.call(node, node.__data__, i);
          return stop();
        }
      }

      function stop() {
        if (--lock.count) delete lock[id];
        else delete node[ns];
        return 1;
      }
    }, 0, time);
  }
}

d3.xhr = d3_xhrType(d3_identity);

function d3_xhrType(response) {
  return function(url, mimeType, callback) {
    if (arguments.length === 2 && typeof mimeType === "function") callback = mimeType, mimeType = null;
    return d3_xhr(url, mimeType, response, callback);
  };
}

function d3_xhr(url, mimeType, response, callback) {
  var xhr = {},
      dispatch = d3.dispatch("beforesend", "progress", "load", "error"),
      headers = {},
      request = new XMLHttpRequest,
      responseType = null;

  // If IE does not support CORS, use XDomainRequest.
  if (this.XDomainRequest
      && !("withCredentials" in request)
      && /^(http(s)?:)?\/\//.test(url)) request = new XDomainRequest;

  "onload" in request
      ? request.onload = request.onerror = respond
      : request.onreadystatechange = function() { request.readyState > 3 && respond(); };

  function respond() {
    var status = request.status, result;
    if (!status && d3_xhrHasResponse(request) || status >= 200 && status < 300 || status === 304) {
      try {
        result = response.call(xhr, request);
      } catch (e) {
        dispatch.error.call(xhr, e);
        return;
      }
      dispatch.load.call(xhr, result);
    } else {
      dispatch.error.call(xhr, request);
    }
  }

  request.onprogress = function(event) {
    var o = d3.event;
    d3.event = event;
    try { dispatch.progress.call(xhr, request); }
    finally { d3.event = o; }
  };

  xhr.header = function(name, value) {
    name = (name + "").toLowerCase();
    if (arguments.length < 2) return headers[name];
    if (value == null) delete headers[name];
    else headers[name] = value + "";
    return xhr;
  };

  // If mimeType is non-null and no Accept header is set, a default is used.
  xhr.mimeType = function(value) {
    if (!arguments.length) return mimeType;
    mimeType = value == null ? null : value + "";
    return xhr;
  };

  // Specifies what type the response value should take;
  // for instance, arraybuffer, blob, document, or text.
  xhr.responseType = function(value) {
    if (!arguments.length) return responseType;
    responseType = value;
    return xhr;
  };

  // Specify how to convert the response content to a specific type;
  // changes the callback value on "load" events.
  xhr.response = function(value) {
    response = value;
    return xhr;
  };

  // Convenience methods.
  ["get", "post"].forEach(function(method) {
    xhr[method] = function() {
      return xhr.send.apply(xhr, [method].concat(d3_array(arguments)));
    };
  });

  // If callback is non-null, it will be used for error and load events.
  xhr.send = function(method, data, callback) {
    if (arguments.length === 2 && typeof data === "function") callback = data, data = null;
    request.open(method, url, true);
    if (mimeType != null && !("accept" in headers)) headers["accept"] = mimeType + ",*/*";
    if (request.setRequestHeader) for (var name in headers) request.setRequestHeader(name, headers[name]);
    if (mimeType != null && request.overrideMimeType) request.overrideMimeType(mimeType);
    if (responseType != null) request.responseType = responseType;
    if (callback != null) xhr.on("error", callback).on("load", function(request) { callback(null, request); });
    dispatch.beforesend.call(xhr, request);
    request.send(data == null ? null : data);
    return xhr;
  };

  xhr.abort = function() {
    request.abort();
    return xhr;
  };

  d3.rebind(xhr, dispatch, "on");

  return callback == null ? xhr : xhr.get(d3_xhr_fixCallback(callback));
};

function d3_xhr_fixCallback(callback) {
  return callback.length === 1
      ? function(error, request) { callback(error == null ? request : null); }
      : callback;
}

function d3_xhrHasResponse(request) {
  var type = request.responseType;
  return type && type !== "text"
      ? request.response // null on error
      : request.responseText; // "" on error
}

d3.text = d3_xhrType(function(request) {
  return request.responseText;
});

d3.json = function(url, callback) {
  return d3_xhr(url, "application/json", d3_json, callback);
};

function d3_json(request) {
  return JSON.parse(request.responseText);
}

d3.html = function(url, callback) {
  return d3_xhr(url, "text/html", d3_html, callback);
};

function d3_html(request) {
  var range = d3_document.createRange();
  range.selectNode(d3_document.body);
  return range.createContextualFragment(request.responseText);
}

d3.xml = d3_xhrType(function(request) {
  return request.responseXML;
});
  if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) define(d3);
  else if (typeof module === "object" && module.exports) module.exports = d3;
  this.d3 = d3;
}();
d3.combobox = function() {
    var event = d3.dispatch('accept'),
        data = [],
        suggestions = [],
        minItems = 2,
        caseSensitive = false;

    var fetcher = function(val, cb) {
        cb(data.filter(function(d) {
            return d.value
                .toString()
                .toLowerCase()
                .indexOf(val.toLowerCase()) !== -1;
        }));
    };

    var combobox = function(input, attachTo) {
        var idx = -1,
            container = d3.select(document.body)
                .selectAll('div.combobox')
                .filter(function(d) { return d === input.node(); }),
            shown = !container.empty();

        input
            .classed('combobox-input', true)
            .on('focus.typeahead', focus)
            .on('blur.typeahead', blur)
            .on('keydown.typeahead', keydown)
            .on('keyup.typeahead', keyup)
            .on('input.typeahead', change)
            .each(function() {
                var parent = this.parentNode,
                    sibling = this.nextSibling;

                var caret = d3.select(parent).selectAll('.combobox-caret')
                    .filter(function(d) { return d === input.node(); })
                    .data([input.node()]);

                caret.enter().insert('div', function() { return sibling; })
                    .attr('class', 'combobox-caret');

                caret
                    .on('mousedown', function () {
                        // prevent the form element from blurring. it blurs
                        // on mousedown
                        d3.event.stopPropagation();
                        d3.event.preventDefault();
                        if (!shown) {
                            input.node().focus();
                            fetch('', render);
                        } else {
                            hide();
                        }
                    });
            });

        function focus() {
            fetch(value(), render);
        }

        function blur() {
            window.setTimeout(hide, 150);
        }

        function show() {
            if (!shown) {
                container = d3.select(document.body)
                    .insert('div', ':first-child')
                    .datum(input.node())
                    .attr('class', 'combobox')
                    .style({
                        position: 'absolute',
                        display: 'block',
                        left: '0px'
                    })
                    .on('mousedown', function () {
                        // prevent moving focus out of the text field
                        d3.event.preventDefault();
                    });

                d3.select(document.body)
                    .on('scroll.combobox', render, true);

                shown = true;
            }
        }

        function hide() {
            if (shown) {
                idx = -1;
                container.remove();

                d3.select(document.body)
                    .on('scroll.combobox', null);

                shown = false;
            }
        }

        function keydown() {
           switch (d3.event.keyCode) {
               // backspace, delete
               case 8:
               case 46:
                   input.on('input.typeahead', function() {
                       idx = -1;
                       render();
                       var start = input.property('selectionStart');
                       input.node().setSelectionRange(start, start);
                       input.on('input.typeahead', change);
                   });
                   break;
               // tab
               case 9:
                   container.selectAll('a.selected').each(event.accept);
                   break;
               // return
               case 13:
                   d3.event.preventDefault();
                   break;
               // up arrow
               case 38:
                   nav(-1);
                   d3.event.preventDefault();
                   break;
               // down arrow
               case 40:
                   nav(+1);
                   d3.event.preventDefault();
                   break;
           }
           d3.event.stopPropagation();
        }

        function keyup() {
            switch (d3.event.keyCode) {
                // escape
                case 27:
                    hide();
                    break;
                // return
                case 13:
                    container.selectAll('a.selected').each(event.accept);
                    hide();
                    break;
            }
        }

        function change() {
            fetch(value(), function() {
                if (input.property('selectionEnd') === input.property('value').length) {
                    autocomplete();
                }
                render();
            });
        }

        function nav(dir) {
            if (!suggestions.length) return;
            idx = Math.max(Math.min(idx + dir, suggestions.length - 1), 0);
            input.property('value', suggestions[idx].value);
            render();
            ensureVisible();
        }

        function value() {
            var value = input.property('value'),
                start = input.property('selectionStart'),
                end = input.property('selectionEnd');

            if (start && end) {
                value = value.substring(0, start);
            }

            return value;
        }

        function fetch(v, cb) {
            fetcher.call(input, v, function(_) {
                suggestions = _;
                cb();
            });
        }

        function autocomplete() {
            var v = caseSensitive ? value() : value().toLowerCase();
            idx = -1;
            if (!v) return;

            for (var i = 0; i < suggestions.length; i++) {
                var suggestion = suggestions[i].value,
                    compare = caseSensitive ? suggestion : suggestion.toLowerCase();

                if (compare.indexOf(v) === 0) {
                    idx = i;
                    input.property('value', suggestion);
                    input.node().setSelectionRange(v.length, suggestion.length);
                    return;
                }
            }
        }

        function render() {
            if (suggestions.length >= minItems && document.activeElement === input.node()) {
                show();
            } else {
                hide();
                return;
            }

            var options = container
                .selectAll('a.combobox-option')
                .data(suggestions, function(d) { return d.value; });

            options.enter().append('a')
                .attr('class', 'combobox-option')
                .text(function(d) { return d.value; });

            options
                .attr('title', function(d) { return d.title; })
                .classed('selected', function(d, i) { return i == idx; })
                .on('mouseover', select)
                .on('click', accept)
                .order();

            options.exit()
                .remove();

            var node = attachTo ? attachTo.node() : input.node(),
                rect = node.getBoundingClientRect();

            container.style({
                'left': rect.left + 'px',
                'width': rect.width + 'px',
                'top': rect.height + rect.top + 'px'
            });
        }

        function select(d, i) {
            idx = i;
            render();
        }

        function ensureVisible() {
            var node = container.selectAll('a.selected').node();
            if (node) node.scrollIntoView();
        }

        function accept(d) {
            if (!shown) return;
            input
                .property('value', d.value)
                .trigger('change');
            event.accept(d);
            hide();
        }
    };

    combobox.fetcher = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return fetcher;
        fetcher = _;
        return combobox;
    };

    combobox.data = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return data;
        data = _;
        return combobox;
    };

    combobox.minItems = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return minItems;
        minItems = _;
        return combobox;
    };

    combobox.caseSensitive = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return caseSensitive;
        caseSensitive = _;
        return combobox;
    };

    return d3.rebind(combobox, event, 'on');
};

d3.combobox.off = function(input) {
    data = null;
    fetcher = null;

    input
        .on('focus.typeahead', null)
        .on('blur.typeahead', null)
        .on('keydown.typeahead', null)
        .on('keyup.typeahead', null)
        .on('input.typeahead', null)
        .each(function() {
            d3.select(this.parentNode).selectAll('.combobox-caret')
                .filter(function(d) { return d === input.node(); })
                .on('mousedown', null);
        });

    d3.select(document.body)
        .on('scroll.combobox', null);
};
d3.geo.tile = function() {
  var size = [960, 500],
      scale = 256,
      scaleExtent = [0, 20],
      translate = [size[0] / 2, size[1] / 2],
      zoomDelta = 0;

  function bound(_) {
      return Math.min(scaleExtent[1], Math.max(scaleExtent[0], _));
  }

  function tile() {
    var z = Math.max(Math.log(scale) / Math.LN2 - 8, 0),
        z0 = bound(Math.round(z + zoomDelta)),
        k = Math.pow(2, z - z0 + 8),
        origin = [(translate[0] - scale / 2) / k, (translate[1] - scale / 2) / k],
        tiles = [],
        cols = d3.range(Math.max(0, Math.floor(-origin[0])), Math.max(0, Math.ceil(size[0] / k - origin[0]))),
        rows = d3.range(Math.max(0, Math.floor(-origin[1])), Math.max(0, Math.ceil(size[1] / k - origin[1])));

    rows.forEach(function(y) {
      cols.forEach(function(x) {
        tiles.push([x, y, z0]);
      });
    });

    tiles.translate = origin;
    tiles.scale = k;

    return tiles;
  }

  tile.scaleExtent = function(_) {
    if (!arguments.length) return scaleExtent;
    scaleExtent = _;
    return tile;
  };

  tile.size = function(_) {
    if (!arguments.length) return size;
    size = _;
    return tile;
  };

  tile.scale = function(_) {
    if (!arguments.length) return scale;
    scale = _;
    return tile;
  };

  tile.translate = function(_) {
    if (!arguments.length) return translate;
    translate = _;
    return tile;
  };

  tile.zoomDelta = function(_) {
    if (!arguments.length) return zoomDelta;
    zoomDelta = +_;
    return tile;
  };

  return tile;
};
d3.jsonp = function (url, callback) {
  function rand() {
    var chars = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz',
      c = '', i = -1;
    while (++i < 15) c += chars.charAt(Math.floor(Math.random() * 52));
    return c;
  }

  function create(url) {
    var e = url.match(/callback=d3.jsonp.(\w+)/),
      c = e ? e[1] : rand();
    d3.jsonp[c] = function(data) {
      callback(data);
      delete d3.jsonp[c];
      script.remove();
    };
    return 'd3.jsonp.' + c;
  }

  var cb = create(url),
    script = d3.select('head')
    .append('script')
    .attr('type', 'text/javascript')
    .attr('src', url.replace(/(\{|%7B)callback(\}|%7D)/, cb));
};
/*
 * This code is licensed under the MIT license.
 *
 * Copyright © 2013, iD authors.
 *
 * Portions copyright © 2011, Keith Cirkel
 * See https://github.com/keithamus/jwerty
 *
 */
d3.keybinding = function(namespace) {
    var bindings = [];

    function matches(binding, event) {
        for (var p in binding.event) {
            if (event[p] != binding.event[p])
                return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

    function testBindings(isCapturing) {
        for (var i = 0; i < bindings.length; i++) {
            var binding = bindings[i];

            if (!!binding.capture === isCapturing && matches(binding, d3.event)) {
                binding.callback();
            }
        }
    }

    function capture() {
        testBindings(true);
    }

    function bubble() {
        var tagName = d3.select(d3.event.target).node().tagName;
        if (tagName == 'INPUT' || tagName == 'SELECT' || tagName == 'TEXTAREA') {
            return;
        }
        testBindings(false);
    }

    function keybinding(selection) {
        selection = selection || d3.select(document);
        selection.on('keydown.capture' + namespace, capture, true);
        selection.on('keydown.bubble' + namespace, bubble, false);
        return keybinding;
    }

    keybinding.off = function(selection) {
        bindings = [];
        selection = selection || d3.select(document);
        selection.on('keydown.capture' + namespace, null);
        selection.on('keydown.bubble' + namespace, null);
        return keybinding;
    };

    keybinding.on = function(code, callback, capture) {
        var binding = {
            event: {
                keyCode: 0,
                shiftKey: false,
                ctrlKey: false,
                altKey: false,
                metaKey: false
            },
            capture: capture,
            callback: callback
        };

        code = code.toLowerCase().match(/(?:(?:[^+⇧⌃⌥⌘])+|[⇧⌃⌥⌘]|\+\+|^\+$)/g);

        for (var i = 0; i < code.length; i++) {
            // Normalise matching errors
            if (code[i] === '++') code[i] = '+';

            if (code[i] in d3.keybinding.modifierCodes) {
                binding.event[d3.keybinding.modifierProperties[d3.keybinding.modifierCodes[code[i]]]] = true;
            } else if (code[i] in d3.keybinding.keyCodes) {
                binding.event.keyCode = d3.keybinding.keyCodes[code[i]];
            }
        }

        bindings.push(binding);

        return keybinding;
    };

    return keybinding;
};

(function () {
    d3.keybinding.modifierCodes = {
        // Shift key, ⇧
        '⇧': 16, shift: 16,
        // CTRL key, on Mac: ⌃
        '⌃': 17, ctrl: 17,
        // ALT key, on Mac: ⌥ (Alt)
        '⌥': 18, alt: 18, option: 18,
        // META, on Mac: ⌘ (CMD), on Windows (Win), on Linux (Super)
        '⌘': 91, meta: 91, cmd: 91, 'super': 91, win: 91
    };

    d3.keybinding.modifierProperties = {
        16: 'shiftKey',
        17: 'ctrlKey',
        18: 'altKey',
        91: 'metaKey'
    };

    d3.keybinding.keyCodes = {
        // Backspace key, on Mac: ⌫ (Backspace)
        '⌫': 8, backspace: 8,
        // Tab Key, on Mac: ⇥ (Tab), on Windows ⇥⇥
        '⇥': 9, '⇆': 9, tab: 9,
        // Return key, ↩
        '↩': 13, 'return': 13, enter: 13, '⌅': 13,
        // Pause/Break key
        'pause': 19, 'pause-break': 19,
        // Caps Lock key, ⇪
        '⇪': 20, caps: 20, 'caps-lock': 20,
        // Escape key, on Mac: ⎋, on Windows: Esc
        '⎋': 27, escape: 27, esc: 27,
        // Space key
        space: 32,
        // Page-Up key, or pgup, on Mac: ↖
        '↖': 33, pgup: 33, 'page-up': 33,
        // Page-Down key, or pgdown, on Mac: ↘
        '↘': 34, pgdown: 34, 'page-down': 34,
        // END key, on Mac: ⇟
        '⇟': 35, end: 35,
        // HOME key, on Mac: ⇞
        '⇞': 36, home: 36,
        // Insert key, or ins
        ins: 45, insert: 45,
        // Delete key, on Mac: ⌦ (Delete)
        '⌦': 46, del: 46, 'delete': 46,
        // Left Arrow Key, or ←
        '←': 37, left: 37, 'arrow-left': 37,
        // Up Arrow Key, or ↑
        '↑': 38, up: 38, 'arrow-up': 38,
        // Right Arrow Key, or →
        '→': 39, right: 39, 'arrow-right': 39,
        // Up Arrow Key, or ↓
        '↓': 40, down: 40, 'arrow-down': 40,
        // odities, printing characters that come out wrong:
        // Firefox Equals
        'ffequals': 61,
        // Num-Multiply, or *
        '*': 106, star: 106, asterisk: 106, multiply: 106,
        // Num-Plus or +
        '+': 107, 'plus': 107,
        // Num-Subtract, or -
        '-': 109, subtract: 109,
        // Firefox Plus
        'ffplus': 171,
        // Firefox Minus
        'ffminus': 173,
        // Semicolon
        ';': 186, semicolon: 186,
        // = or equals
        '=': 187, 'equals': 187,
        // Comma, or ,
        ',': 188, comma: 188,
        'dash': 189, //???
        // Period, or ., or full-stop
        '.': 190, period: 190, 'full-stop': 190,
        // Slash, or /, or forward-slash
        '/': 191, slash: 191, 'forward-slash': 191,
        // Tick, or `, or back-quote
        '`': 192, tick: 192, 'back-quote': 192,
        // Open bracket, or [
        '[': 219, 'open-bracket': 219,
        // Back slash, or \
        '\\': 220, 'back-slash': 220,
        // Close backet, or ]
        ']': 221, 'close-bracket': 221,
        // Apostrophe, or Quote, or '
        '\'': 222, quote: 222, apostrophe: 222
    };

    // NUMPAD 0-9
    var i = 95, n = 0;
    while (++i < 106) {
        d3.keybinding.keyCodes['num-' + n] = i;
        ++n;
    }

    // 0-9
    i = 47; n = 0;
    while (++i < 58) {
        d3.keybinding.keyCodes[n] = i;
        ++n;
    }

    // F1-F25
    i = 111; n = 1;
    while (++i < 136) {
        d3.keybinding.keyCodes['f' + n] = i;
        ++n;
    }

    // a-z
    i = 64;
    while (++i < 91) {
        d3.keybinding.keyCodes[String.fromCharCode(i).toLowerCase()] = i;
    }
})();
d3.selection.prototype.one = function (type, listener, capture) {
    var target = this, typeOnce = type + ".once";
    function one() {
        target.on(typeOnce, null);
        listener.apply(this, arguments);
    }
    target.on(typeOnce, one, capture);
    return this;
};
d3.selection.prototype.dimensions = function (dimensions) {
    var refresh = (function(node) {
        var cr = node.getBoundingClientRect();
        prop = [cr.width, cr.height];
        this.property('__dimensions__', prop);
        return prop;
    }).bind(this);

    var node = this.node();

    if (!arguments.length) {
        if (!node) return [0,0];
        return this.property('__dimensions__') || refresh(node);
    }
    if (dimensions === null) {
        if (!node) return [0,0];
        return refresh(node);
    }

    return this
        .property('__dimensions__', [dimensions[0], dimensions[1]])
        .attr({width: dimensions[0], height: dimensions[1]});
};
d3.selection.prototype.trigger = function (type) {
    this.each(function() {
        var evt = document.createEvent('HTMLEvents');
        evt.initEvent(type, true, true);
        this.dispatchEvent(evt);
    });
};
// Tooltips and svg mask used to highlight certain features
d3.curtain = function() {

    var event = d3.dispatch(),
        surface,
        tooltip,
        darkness;

    function curtain(selection) {

        surface = selection.append('svg')
            .attr('id', 'curtain')
            .style({
                'z-index': 1000,
                'pointer-events': 'none',
                'position': 'absolute',
                'top': 0,
                'left': 0
            });

        darkness = surface.append('path')
            .attr({
                x: 0,
                y: 0,
                'class': 'curtain-darkness'
            });

        d3.select(window).on('resize.curtain', resize);

        tooltip = selection.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'tooltip')
            .style('z-index', 1002);

        tooltip.append('div').attr('class', 'tooltip-arrow');
        tooltip.append('div').attr('class', 'tooltip-inner');

        resize();

        function resize() {
            surface.attr({
                width: window.innerWidth,
                height: window.innerHeight
            });
            curtain.cut(darkness.datum());
        }
    }

    curtain.reveal = function(box, text, tooltipclass, duration) {
        if (typeof box === 'string') box = d3.select(box).node();
        if (box.getBoundingClientRect) box = box.getBoundingClientRect();

        curtain.cut(box, duration);

        if (text) {
            // pseudo markdown bold text hack
            var parts = text.split('**');
            var html = parts[0] ? '<span>' + parts[0] + '</span>' : '';
            if (parts[1]) html += '<span class="bold">' + parts[1] + '</span>';

            var dimensions = tooltip.classed('in', true)
                .select('.tooltip-inner')
                    .html(html)
                    .dimensions();

            var pos;

            var w = window.innerWidth,
                h = window.innerHeight;

            if (box.top + box.height < Math.min(100, box.width + box.left)) {
                side = 'bottom';
                pos = [box.left + box.width / 2 - dimensions[0]/ 2, box.top + box.height];

            } else if (box.left + box.width + 300 < window.innerWidth) {
                side = 'right';
                pos = [box.left + box.width, box.top + box.height / 2 - dimensions[1] / 2];

            } else if (box.left > 300) {
                side = 'left';
                pos = [box.left - 200, box.top + box.height / 2 - dimensions[1] / 2];
            } else {
                side = 'bottom';
                pos = [box.left, box.top + box.height];
            }

            pos = [
                Math.min(Math.max(10, pos[0]), w - dimensions[0] - 10),
                Math.min(Math.max(10, pos[1]), h - dimensions[1] - 10)
            ];


            if (duration !== 0 || !tooltip.classed(side)) tooltip.call(iD.ui.Toggle(true));

            tooltip
                .style('top', pos[1] + 'px')
                .style('left', pos[0] + 'px')
                .attr('class', 'curtain-tooltip tooltip in ' + side + ' ' + tooltipclass)
                .select('.tooltip-inner')
                    .html(html);

        } else {
            tooltip.call(iD.ui.Toggle(false));
        }
    };

    curtain.cut = function(datum, duration) {
        darkness.datum(datum);

        (duration === 0 ? darkness : darkness.transition().duration(duration || 600))
            .attr('d', function(d) {
                var string = "M 0,0 L 0," + window.innerHeight + " L " +
                    window.innerWidth + "," + window.innerHeight + "L" +
                    window.innerWidth + ",0 Z";

                if (!d) return string;
                return string + 'M' +
                    d.left + ',' + d.top + 'L' +
                    d.left + ',' + (d.top + d.height) + 'L' +
                    (d.left + d.width) + ',' + (d.top + d.height) + 'L' +
                    (d.left + d.width) + ',' + (d.top) + 'Z';

            });
    };

    curtain.remove = function() {
        surface.remove();
        tooltip.remove();
    };

    return d3.rebind(curtain, event, 'on');
};
// Like selection.property('value', ...), but avoids no-op value sets,
// which can result in layout/repaint thrashing in some situations.
d3.selection.prototype.value = function(value) {
    function d3_selection_value(value) {
      function valueNull() {
        delete this.value;
      }

      function valueConstant() {
        if (this.value !== value) this.value = value;
      }

      function valueFunction() {
        var x = value.apply(this, arguments);
        if (x == null) delete this.value;
        else if (this.value !== x) this.value = x;
      }

      return value == null
          ? valueNull : (typeof value === "function"
          ? valueFunction : valueConstant);
    }

    if (!arguments.length) return this.property('value');
    return this.each(d3_selection_value(value));
};
// Copyright (c) 2006, 2008 Tony Garnock-Jones <tonyg@lshift.net>
// Copyright (c) 2006, 2008 LShift Ltd. <query@lshift.net>
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
// obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
// (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
// including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
// publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
// and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
// subject to the following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
// included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
// NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
// BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
// ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
// CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
// SOFTWARE.

// source:  https://bitbucket.org/lshift/synchrotron/src

Diff3 = (function() {
    'use strict';

    var diff3 = {
        longest_common_subsequence: function(file1, file2) {
            /* Text diff algorithm following Hunt and McIlroy 1976.
             * J. W. Hunt and M. D. McIlroy, An algorithm for differential file
             * comparison, Bell Telephone Laboratories CSTR #41 (1976)
             * http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~doug/
             *
             * Expects two arrays of strings.
             */
            var equivalenceClasses;
            var file2indices;
            var newCandidate;
            var candidates;
            var line;
            var c, i, j, jX, r, s;

            equivalenceClasses = {};
            for (j = 0; j < file2.length; j++) {
                line = file2[j];
                if (equivalenceClasses[line]) {
                    equivalenceClasses[line].push(j);
                } else {
                    equivalenceClasses[line] = [j];
                }
            }

            candidates = [{file1index: -1,
                           file2index: -1,
                           chain: null}];

            for (i = 0; i < file1.length; i++) {
                line = file1[i];
                file2indices = equivalenceClasses[line] || [];

                r = 0;
                c = candidates[0];

                for (jX = 0; jX < file2indices.length; jX++) {
                    j = file2indices[jX];

                    for (s = 0; s < candidates.length; s++) {
                        if ((candidates[s].file2index < j) &&
                            ((s == candidates.length - 1) ||
                             (candidates[s + 1].file2index > j)))
                            break;
                    }

                    if (s < candidates.length) {
                        newCandidate = {file1index: i,
                                        file2index: j,
                                        chain: candidates[s]};
                        if (r == candidates.length) {
                            candidates.push(c);
                        } else {
                            candidates[r] = c;
                        }
                        r = s + 1;
                        c = newCandidate;
                        if (r == candidates.length) {
                            break; // no point in examining further (j)s
                        }
                    }
                }

                candidates[r] = c;
            }

            // At this point, we know the LCS: it's in the reverse of the
            // linked-list through .chain of
            // candidates[candidates.length - 1].

            return candidates[candidates.length - 1];
        },

        diff_comm: function(file1, file2) {
            // We apply the LCS to build a "comm"-style picture of the
            // differences between file1 and file2.

            var result = [];
            var tail1 = file1.length;
            var tail2 = file2.length;
            var common = {common: []};

            function processCommon() {
                if (common.common.length) {
                    common.common.reverse();
                    result.push(common);
                    common = {common: []};
                }
            }

            for (var candidate = Diff3.longest_common_subsequence(file1, file2);
                 candidate !== null;
                 candidate = candidate.chain)
            {
                var different = {file1: [], file2: []};

                while (--tail1 > candidate.file1index) {
                    different.file1.push(file1[tail1]);
                }

                while (--tail2 > candidate.file2index) {
                    different.file2.push(file2[tail2]);
                }

                if (different.file1.length || different.file2.length) {
                    processCommon();
                    different.file1.reverse();
                    different.file2.reverse();
                    result.push(different);
                }

                if (tail1 >= 0) {
                    common.common.push(file1[tail1]);
                }
            }

            processCommon();

            result.reverse();
            return result;
        },

        diff_patch: function(file1, file2) {
            // We apply the LCD to build a JSON representation of a
            // diff(1)-style patch.

            var result = [];
            var tail1 = file1.length;
            var tail2 = file2.length;

            function chunkDescription(file, offset, length) {
                var chunk = [];
                for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
                    chunk.push(file[offset + i]);
                }
                return {offset: offset,
                        length: length,
                        chunk: chunk};
            }

            for (var candidate = Diff3.longest_common_subsequence(file1, file2);
                 candidate !== null;
                 candidate = candidate.chain)
            {
                var mismatchLength1 = tail1 - candidate.file1index - 1;
                var mismatchLength2 = tail2 - candidate.file2index - 1;
                tail1 = candidate.file1index;
                tail2 = candidate.file2index;

                if (mismatchLength1 || mismatchLength2) {
                    result.push({file1: chunkDescription(file1,
                                                         candidate.file1index + 1,
                                                         mismatchLength1),
                                 file2: chunkDescription(file2,
                                                         candidate.file2index + 1,
                                                         mismatchLength2)});
                }
            }

            result.reverse();
            return result;
        },

        strip_patch: function(patch) {
        // Takes the output of Diff3.diff_patch(), and removes
        // information from it. It can still be used by patch(),
        // below, but can no longer be inverted.
        var newpatch = [];
        for (var i = 0; i < patch.length; i++) {
            var chunk = patch[i];
            newpatch.push({file1: {offset: chunk.file1.offset,
                       length: chunk.file1.length},
                   file2: {chunk: chunk.file2.chunk}});
        }
        return newpatch;
        },

        invert_patch: function(patch) {
            // Takes the output of Diff3.diff_patch(), and inverts the
            // sense of it, so that it can be applied to file2 to give
            // file1 rather than the other way around.

            for (var i = 0; i < patch.length; i++) {
                var chunk = patch[i];
                var tmp = chunk.file1;
                chunk.file1 = chunk.file2;
                chunk.file2 = tmp;
            }
        },

        patch: function (file, patch) {
            // Applies a patch to a file.
            //
            // Given file1 and file2, Diff3.patch(file1,
            // Diff3.diff_patch(file1, file2)) should give file2.

            var result = [];
            var commonOffset = 0;

            function copyCommon(targetOffset) {
                while (commonOffset < targetOffset) {
                    result.push(file[commonOffset]);
                    commonOffset++;
                }
            }

            for (var chunkIndex = 0; chunkIndex < patch.length; chunkIndex++) {
                var chunk = patch[chunkIndex];
                copyCommon(chunk.file1.offset);
                for (var lineIndex = 0; lineIndex < chunk.file2.chunk.length; lineIndex++) {
                    result.push(chunk.file2.chunk[lineIndex]);
                }
                commonOffset += chunk.file1.length;
            }

            copyCommon(file.length);
            return result;
        },

        diff_indices: function(file1, file2) {
            // We apply the LCS to give a simple representation of the
            // offsets and lengths of mismatched chunks in the input
            // files. This is used by diff3_merge_indices below.

            var result = [];
            var tail1 = file1.length;
            var tail2 = file2.length;

            for (var candidate = Diff3.longest_common_subsequence(file1, file2);
                 candidate !== null;
                 candidate = candidate.chain)
            {
                var mismatchLength1 = tail1 - candidate.file1index - 1;
                var mismatchLength2 = tail2 - candidate.file2index - 1;
                tail1 = candidate.file1index;
                tail2 = candidate.file2index;

                if (mismatchLength1 || mismatchLength2) {
                    result.push({file1: [tail1 + 1, mismatchLength1],
                                 file2: [tail2 + 1, mismatchLength2]});
                }
            }

            result.reverse();
            return result;
        },

        diff3_merge_indices: function (a, o, b) {
            // Given three files, A, O, and B, where both A and B are
            // independently derived from O, returns a fairly complicated
            // internal representation of merge decisions it's taken. The
            // interested reader may wish to consult
            //
            // Sanjeev Khanna, Keshav Kunal, and Benjamin C. Pierce. "A
            // Formal Investigation of Diff3." In Arvind and Prasad,
            // editors, Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical
            // Computer Science (FSTTCS), December 2007.
            //
            // (http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~bcpierce/papers/diff3-short.pdf)
            var i;

            var m1 = Diff3.diff_indices(o, a);
            var m2 = Diff3.diff_indices(o, b);

            var hunks = [];
            function addHunk(h, side) {
                hunks.push([h.file1[0], side, h.file1[1], h.file2[0], h.file2[1]]);
            }
            for (i = 0; i < m1.length; i++) { addHunk(m1[i], 0); }
            for (i = 0; i < m2.length; i++) { addHunk(m2[i], 2); }
            hunks.sort();

            var result = [];
            var commonOffset = 0;
            function copyCommon(targetOffset) {
                if (targetOffset > commonOffset) {
                    result.push([1, commonOffset, targetOffset - commonOffset]);
                    commonOffset = targetOffset;
                }
            }

            for (var hunkIndex = 0; hunkIndex < hunks.length; hunkIndex++) {
                var firstHunkIndex = hunkIndex;
                var hunk = hunks[hunkIndex];
                var regionLhs = hunk[0];
                var regionRhs = regionLhs + hunk[2];
                while (hunkIndex < hunks.length - 1) {
                    var maybeOverlapping = hunks[hunkIndex + 1];
                    var maybeLhs = maybeOverlapping[0];
                    if (maybeLhs > regionRhs) break;
                    regionRhs = maybeLhs + maybeOverlapping[2];
                    hunkIndex++;
                }

                copyCommon(regionLhs);
                if (firstHunkIndex == hunkIndex) {
            // The "overlap" was only one hunk long, meaning that
            // there's no conflict here. Either a and o were the
            // same, or b and o were the same.
                    if (hunk[4] > 0) {
                        result.push([hunk[1], hunk[3], hunk[4]]);
                    }
                } else {
            // A proper conflict. Determine the extents of the
            // regions involved from a, o and b. Effectively merge
            // all the hunks on the left into one giant hunk, and
            // do the same for the right; then, correct for skew
            // in the regions of o that each side changed, and
            // report appropriate spans for the three sides.
            var regions = {
                0: [a.length, -1, o.length, -1],
                2: [b.length, -1, o.length, -1]
            };
                    for (i = firstHunkIndex; i <= hunkIndex; i++) {
                hunk = hunks[i];
                        var side = hunk[1];
                var r = regions[side];
                var oLhs = hunk[0];
                var oRhs = oLhs + hunk[2];
                        var abLhs = hunk[3];
                        var abRhs = abLhs + hunk[4];
                r[0] = Math.min(abLhs, r[0]);
                r[1] = Math.max(abRhs, r[1]);
                r[2] = Math.min(oLhs, r[2]);
                r[3] = Math.max(oRhs, r[3]);
                    }
            var aLhs = regions[0][0] + (regionLhs - regions[0][2]);
            var aRhs = regions[0][1] + (regionRhs - regions[0][3]);
            var bLhs = regions[2][0] + (regionLhs - regions[2][2]);
            var bRhs = regions[2][1] + (regionRhs - regions[2][3]);
                    result.push([-1,
                     aLhs,      aRhs      - aLhs,
                     regionLhs, regionRhs - regionLhs,
                     bLhs,      bRhs      - bLhs]);
                }
                commonOffset = regionRhs;
            }

            copyCommon(o.length);
            return result;
        },

        diff3_merge: function (a, o, b, excludeFalseConflicts) {
            // Applies the output of Diff3.diff3_merge_indices to actually
            // construct the merged file; the returned result alternates
            // between "ok" and "conflict" blocks.

            var result = [];
            var files = [a, o, b];
            var indices = Diff3.diff3_merge_indices(a, o, b);

            var okLines = [];
            function flushOk() {
                if (okLines.length) {
                    result.push({ok: okLines});
                }
                okLines = [];
            }
            function pushOk(xs) {
                for (var j = 0; j < xs.length; j++) {
                    okLines.push(xs[j]);
                }
            }

            function isTrueConflict(rec) {
                if (rec[2] != rec[6]) return true;
                var aoff = rec[1];
                var boff = rec[5];
                for (var j = 0; j < rec[2]; j++) {
                    if (a[j + aoff] != b[j + boff]) return true;
                }
                return false;
            }

            for (var i = 0; i < indices.length; i++) {
                var x = indices[i];
                var side = x[0];
                if (side == -1) {
                    if (excludeFalseConflicts && !isTrueConflict(x)) {
                        pushOk(files[0].slice(x[1], x[1] + x[2]));
                    } else {
                        flushOk();
                        result.push({conflict: {a: a.slice(x[1], x[1] + x[2]),
                                                aIndex: x[1],
                                                o: o.slice(x[3], x[3] + x[4]),
                                                oIndex: x[3],
                                                b: b.slice(x[5], x[5] + x[6]),
                                                bIndex: x[5]}});
                    }
                } else {
                    pushOk(files[side].slice(x[1], x[1] + x[2]));
                }
            }

            flushOk();
            return result;
        }
    };
    return diff3;
})();

if (typeof module !== 'undefined') module.exports = Diff3;
var JXON = new (function () {
  var
    sValueProp = "keyValue", sAttributesProp = "keyAttributes", sAttrPref = "@", /* you can customize these values */
    aCache = [], rIsNull = /^\s*$/, rIsBool = /^(?:true|false)$/i;

  function parseText (sValue) {
    if (rIsNull.test(sValue)) { return null; }
    if (rIsBool.test(sValue)) { return sValue.toLowerCase() === "true"; }
    if (isFinite(sValue)) { return parseFloat(sValue); }
    if (isFinite(Date.parse(sValue))) { return new Date(sValue); }
    return sValue;
  }

  function EmptyTree () { }
  EmptyTree.prototype.toString = function () { return "null"; };
  EmptyTree.prototype.valueOf = function () { return null; };

  function objectify (vValue) {
    return vValue === null ? new EmptyTree() : vValue instanceof Object ? vValue : new vValue.constructor(vValue);
  }

  function createObjTree (oParentNode, nVerb, bFreeze, bNesteAttr) {
    var
      nLevelStart = aCache.length, bChildren = oParentNode.hasChildNodes(),
      bAttributes = oParentNode.hasAttributes(), bHighVerb = Boolean(nVerb & 2);

    var
      sProp, vContent, nLength = 0, sCollectedTxt = "",
      vResult = bHighVerb ? {} : /* put here the default value for empty nodes: */ true;

    if (bChildren) {
      for (var oNode, nItem = 0; nItem < oParentNode.childNodes.length; nItem++) {
        oNode = oParentNode.childNodes.item(nItem);
        if (oNode.nodeType === 4) { sCollectedTxt += oNode.nodeValue; } /* nodeType is "CDATASection" (4) */
        else if (oNode.nodeType === 3) { sCollectedTxt += oNode.nodeValue.trim(); } /* nodeType is "Text" (3) */
        else if (oNode.nodeType === 1 && !oNode.prefix) { aCache.push(oNode); } /* nodeType is "Element" (1) */
      }
    }

    var nLevelEnd = aCache.length, vBuiltVal = parseText(sCollectedTxt);

    if (!bHighVerb && (bChildren || bAttributes)) { vResult = nVerb === 0 ? objectify(vBuiltVal) : {}; }

    for (var nElId = nLevelStart; nElId < nLevelEnd; nElId++) {
      sProp = aCache[nElId].nodeName.toLowerCase();
      vContent = createObjTree(aCache[nElId], nVerb, bFreeze, bNesteAttr);
      if (vResult.hasOwnProperty(sProp)) {
        if (vResult[sProp].constructor !== Array) { vResult[sProp] = [vResult[sProp]]; }
        vResult[sProp].push(vContent);
      } else {
        vResult[sProp] = vContent;
        nLength++;
      }
    }

    if (bAttributes) {
      var
        nAttrLen = oParentNode.attributes.length,
        sAPrefix = bNesteAttr ? "" : sAttrPref, oAttrParent = bNesteAttr ? {} : vResult;

      for (var oAttrib, nAttrib = 0; nAttrib < nAttrLen; nLength++, nAttrib++) {
        oAttrib = oParentNode.attributes.item(nAttrib);
        oAttrParent[sAPrefix + oAttrib.name.toLowerCase()] = parseText(oAttrib.value.trim());
      }

      if (bNesteAttr) {
        if (bFreeze) { Object.freeze(oAttrParent); }
        vResult[sAttributesProp] = oAttrParent;
        nLength -= nAttrLen - 1;
      }
    }

    if (nVerb === 3 || (nVerb === 2 || nVerb === 1 && nLength > 0) && sCollectedTxt) {
      vResult[sValueProp] = vBuiltVal;
    } else if (!bHighVerb && nLength === 0 && sCollectedTxt) {
      vResult = vBuiltVal;
    }

    if (bFreeze && (bHighVerb || nLength > 0)) { Object.freeze(vResult); }

    aCache.length = nLevelStart;

    return vResult;
  }

  function loadObjTree (oXMLDoc, oParentEl, oParentObj) {
    var vValue, oChild;

    if (oParentObj instanceof String || oParentObj instanceof Number || oParentObj instanceof Boolean) {
      oParentEl.appendChild(oXMLDoc.createTextNode(oParentObj.toString())); /* verbosity level is 0 */
    } else if (oParentObj.constructor === Date) {
      oParentEl.appendChild(oXMLDoc.createTextNode(oParentObj.toGMTString()));    
    }

    for (var sName in oParentObj) {
      vValue = oParentObj[sName];
      if (isFinite(sName) || vValue instanceof Function) { continue; } /* verbosity level is 0 */
      if (sName === sValueProp) {
        if (vValue !== null && vValue !== true) { oParentEl.appendChild(oXMLDoc.createTextNode(vValue.constructor === Date ? vValue.toGMTString() : String(vValue))); }
      } else if (sName === sAttributesProp) { /* verbosity level is 3 */
        for (var sAttrib in vValue) { oParentEl.setAttribute(sAttrib, vValue[sAttrib]); }
      } else if (sName.charAt(0) === sAttrPref) {
        oParentEl.setAttribute(sName.slice(1), vValue);
      } else if (vValue.constructor === Array) {
        for (var nItem = 0; nItem < vValue.length; nItem++) {
          oChild = oXMLDoc.createElement(sName);
          loadObjTree(oXMLDoc, oChild, vValue[nItem]);
          oParentEl.appendChild(oChild);
        }
      } else {
        oChild = oXMLDoc.createElement(sName);
        if (vValue instanceof Object) {
          loadObjTree(oXMLDoc, oChild, vValue);
        } else if (vValue !== null && vValue !== true) {
          oChild.appendChild(oXMLDoc.createTextNode(vValue.toString()));
        }
        oParentEl.appendChild(oChild);
     }
   }
  }

  this.build = function (oXMLParent, nVerbosity /* optional */, bFreeze /* optional */, bNesteAttributes /* optional */) {
    var _nVerb = arguments.length > 1 && typeof nVerbosity === "number" ? nVerbosity & 3 : /* put here the default verbosity level: */ 1;
    return createObjTree(oXMLParent, _nVerb, bFreeze || false, arguments.length > 3 ? bNesteAttributes : _nVerb === 3);    
  };

  this.unbuild = function (oObjTree) {    
    var oNewDoc = document.implementation.createDocument("", "", null);
    loadObjTree(oNewDoc, oNewDoc, oObjTree);
    return oNewDoc;
  };

  this.stringify = function (oObjTree) {
    return (new XMLSerializer()).serializeToString(JXON.unbuild(oObjTree));
  };
})();
// var myObject = JXON.build(doc);
// we got our javascript object! try: alert(JSON.stringify(myObject));

// var newDoc = JXON.unbuild(myObject);
// we got our Document instance! try: alert((new XMLSerializer()).serializeToString(newDoc));
/**
 * @license
 * lodash (Custom Build) <https://lodash.com/>
 * Build: `lodash --development --output js/lib/lodash.js include="includes,toPairs,assign,bind,chunk,clone,compact,debounce,difference,each,every,extend,filter,find,first,forEach,forOwn,groupBy,indexOf,intersection,isEmpty,isEqual,isFunction,keys,last,map,omit,reject,some,throttle,union,uniq,values,without,flatten,value,chain,cloneDeep,merge,pick,reduce" exports="global,node"`
 * Copyright jQuery Foundation and other contributors <https://jquery.org/>
 * Released under MIT license <https://lodash.com/license>
 * Based on Underscore.js 1.8.3 <http://underscorejs.org/LICENSE>
 * Copyright Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud and Investigative Reporters & Editors
 */
;(function() {

  /** Used as a safe reference for `undefined` in pre-ES5 environments. */
  var undefined;

  /** Used as the semantic version number. */
  var VERSION = '4.12.0';

  /** Used as the size to enable large array optimizations. */
  var LARGE_ARRAY_SIZE = 200;

  /** Used as the `TypeError` message for "Functions" methods. */
  var FUNC_ERROR_TEXT = 'Expected a function';

  /** Used to stand-in for `undefined` hash values. */
  var HASH_UNDEFINED = '__lodash_hash_undefined__';

  /** Used as the internal argument placeholder. */
  var PLACEHOLDER = '__lodash_placeholder__';

  /** Used to compose bitmasks for wrapper metadata. */
  var BIND_FLAG = 1,
      BIND_KEY_FLAG = 2,
      CURRY_BOUND_FLAG = 4,
      CURRY_FLAG = 8,
      CURRY_RIGHT_FLAG = 16,
      PARTIAL_FLAG = 32,
      PARTIAL_RIGHT_FLAG = 64,
      ARY_FLAG = 128,
      REARG_FLAG = 256,
      FLIP_FLAG = 512;

  /** Used to compose bitmasks for comparison styles. */
  var UNORDERED_COMPARE_FLAG = 1,
      PARTIAL_COMPARE_FLAG = 2;

  /** Used to detect hot functions by number of calls within a span of milliseconds. */
  var HOT_COUNT = 150,
      HOT_SPAN = 16;

  /** Used to indicate the type of lazy iteratees. */
  var LAZY_FILTER_FLAG = 1,
      LAZY_MAP_FLAG = 2,
      LAZY_WHILE_FLAG = 3;

  /** Used as references for various `Number` constants. */
  var INFINITY = 1 / 0,
      MAX_SAFE_INTEGER = 9007199254740991,
      MAX_INTEGER = 1.7976931348623157e+308,
      NAN = 0 / 0;

  /** Used as references for the maximum length and index of an array. */
  var MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH = 4294967295;

  /** `Object#toString` result references. */
  var argsTag = '[object Arguments]',
      arrayTag = '[object Array]',
      boolTag = '[object Boolean]',
      dateTag = '[object Date]',
      errorTag = '[object Error]',
      funcTag = '[object Function]',
      genTag = '[object GeneratorFunction]',
      mapTag = '[object Map]',
      numberTag = '[object Number]',
      objectTag = '[object Object]',
      promiseTag = '[object Promise]',
      regexpTag = '[object RegExp]',
      setTag = '[object Set]',
      stringTag = '[object String]',
      symbolTag = '[object Symbol]',
      weakMapTag = '[object WeakMap]';

  var arrayBufferTag = '[object ArrayBuffer]',
      dataViewTag = '[object DataView]',
      float32Tag = '[object Float32Array]',
      float64Tag = '[object Float64Array]',
      int8Tag = '[object Int8Array]',
      int16Tag = '[object Int16Array]',
      int32Tag = '[object Int32Array]',
      uint8Tag = '[object Uint8Array]',
      uint8ClampedTag = '[object Uint8ClampedArray]',
      uint16Tag = '[object Uint16Array]',
      uint32Tag = '[object Uint32Array]';

  /** Used to match property names within property paths. */
  var reIsDeepProp = /\.|\[(?:[^[\]]*|(["'])(?:(?!\1)[^\\]|\\.)*?\1)\]/,
      reIsPlainProp = /^\w*$/,
      rePropName = /[^.[\]]+|\[(?:(-?\d+(?:\.\d+)?)|(["'])((?:(?!\2)[^\\]|\\.)*?)\2)\]/g;

  /**
   * Used to match `RegExp`
   * [syntax characters](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-patterns).
   */
  var reRegExpChar = /[\\^$.*+?()[\]{}|]/g;

  /** Used to match leading and trailing whitespace. */
  var reTrim = /^\s+|\s+$/g;

  /** Used to match backslashes in property paths. */
  var reEscapeChar = /\\(\\)?/g;

  /** Used to match `RegExp` flags from their coerced string values. */
  var reFlags = /\w*$/;

  /** Used to detect bad signed hexadecimal string values. */
  var reIsBadHex = /^[-+]0x[0-9a-f]+$/i;

  /** Used to detect binary string values. */
  var reIsBinary = /^0b[01]+$/i;

  /** Used to detect host constructors (Safari). */
  var reIsHostCtor = /^\[object .+?Constructor\]$/;

  /** Used to detect octal string values. */
  var reIsOctal = /^0o[0-7]+$/i;

  /** Used to detect unsigned integer values. */
  var reIsUint = /^(?:0|[1-9]\d*)$/;

  /** Used to compose unicode character classes. */
  var rsAstralRange = '\\ud800-\\udfff',
      rsComboMarksRange = '\\u0300-\\u036f\\ufe20-\\ufe23',
      rsComboSymbolsRange = '\\u20d0-\\u20f0',
      rsVarRange = '\\ufe0e\\ufe0f';

  /** Used to compose unicode capture groups. */
  var rsAstral = '[' + rsAstralRange + ']',
      rsCombo = '[' + rsComboMarksRange + rsComboSymbolsRange + ']',
      rsFitz = '\\ud83c[\\udffb-\\udfff]',
      rsModifier = '(?:' + rsCombo + '|' + rsFitz + ')',
      rsNonAstral = '[^' + rsAstralRange + ']',
      rsRegional = '(?:\\ud83c[\\udde6-\\uddff]){2}',
      rsSurrPair = '[\\ud800-\\udbff][\\udc00-\\udfff]',
      rsZWJ = '\\u200d';

  /** Used to compose unicode regexes. */
  var reOptMod = rsModifier + '?',
      rsOptVar = '[' + rsVarRange + ']?',
      rsOptJoin = '(?:' + rsZWJ + '(?:' + [rsNonAstral, rsRegional, rsSurrPair].join('|') + ')' + rsOptVar + reOptMod + ')*',
      rsSeq = rsOptVar + reOptMod + rsOptJoin,
      rsSymbol = '(?:' + [rsNonAstral + rsCombo + '?', rsCombo, rsRegional, rsSurrPair, rsAstral].join('|') + ')';

  /** Used to match [string symbols](https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/javascript-unicode). */
  var reComplexSymbol = RegExp(rsFitz + '(?=' + rsFitz + ')|' + rsSymbol + rsSeq, 'g');

  /** Used to identify `toStringTag` values of typed arrays. */
  var typedArrayTags = {};
  typedArrayTags[float32Tag] = typedArrayTags[float64Tag] =
  typedArrayTags[int8Tag] = typedArrayTags[int16Tag] =
  typedArrayTags[int32Tag] = typedArrayTags[uint8Tag] =
  typedArrayTags[uint8ClampedTag] = typedArrayTags[uint16Tag] =
  typedArrayTags[uint32Tag] = true;
  typedArrayTags[argsTag] = typedArrayTags[arrayTag] =
  typedArrayTags[arrayBufferTag] = typedArrayTags[boolTag] =
  typedArrayTags[dataViewTag] = typedArrayTags[dateTag] =
  typedArrayTags[errorTag] = typedArrayTags[funcTag] =
  typedArrayTags[mapTag] = typedArrayTags[numberTag] =
  typedArrayTags[objectTag] = typedArrayTags[regexpTag] =
  typedArrayTags[setTag] = typedArrayTags[stringTag] =
  typedArrayTags[weakMapTag] = false;

  /** Used to identify `toStringTag` values supported by `_.clone`. */
  var cloneableTags = {};
  cloneableTags[argsTag] = cloneableTags[arrayTag] =
  cloneableTags[arrayBufferTag] = cloneableTags[dataViewTag] =
  cloneableTags[boolTag] = cloneableTags[dateTag] =
  cloneableTags[float32Tag] = cloneableTags[float64Tag] =
  cloneableTags[int8Tag] = cloneableTags[int16Tag] =
  cloneableTags[int32Tag] = cloneableTags[mapTag] =
  cloneableTags[numberTag] = cloneableTags[objectTag] =
  cloneableTags[regexpTag] = cloneableTags[setTag] =
  cloneableTags[stringTag] = cloneableTags[symbolTag] =
  cloneableTags[uint8Tag] = cloneableTags[uint8ClampedTag] =
  cloneableTags[uint16Tag] = cloneableTags[uint32Tag] = true;
  cloneableTags[errorTag] = cloneableTags[funcTag] =
  cloneableTags[weakMapTag] = false;

  /** Used to determine if values are of the language type `Object`. */
  var objectTypes = {
    'function': true,
    'object': true
  };

  /** Built-in method references without a dependency on `root`. */
  var freeParseInt = parseInt;

  /** Detect free variable `exports`. */
  var freeExports = (objectTypes[typeof exports] && exports && !exports.nodeType)
    ? exports
    : undefined;

  /** Detect free variable `module`. */
  var freeModule = (objectTypes[typeof module] && module && !module.nodeType)
    ? module
    : undefined;

  /** Detect the popular CommonJS extension `module.exports`. */
  var moduleExports = (freeModule && freeModule.exports === freeExports)
    ? freeExports
    : undefined;

  /** Detect free variable `global` from Node.js. */
  var freeGlobal = checkGlobal(freeExports && freeModule && typeof global == 'object' && global);

  /** Detect free variable `self`. */
  var freeSelf = checkGlobal(objectTypes[typeof self] && self);

  /** Detect free variable `window`. */
  var freeWindow = checkGlobal(objectTypes[typeof window] && window);

  /** Detect `this` as the global object. */
  var thisGlobal = checkGlobal(objectTypes[typeof this] && this);

  /**
   * Used as a reference to the global object.
   *
   * The `this` value is used if it's the global object to avoid Greasemonkey's
   * restricted `window` object, otherwise the `window` object is used.
   */
  var root = freeGlobal ||
    ((freeWindow !== (thisGlobal && thisGlobal.window)) && freeWindow) ||
      freeSelf || thisGlobal || Function('return this')();

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Adds the key-value `pair` to `map`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} map The map to modify.
   * @param {Array} pair The key-value pair to add.
   * @returns {Object} Returns `map`.
   */
  function addMapEntry(map, pair) {
    // Don't return `Map#set` because it doesn't return the map instance in IE 11.
    map.set(pair[0], pair[1]);
    return map;
  }

  /**
   * Adds `value` to `set`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} set The set to modify.
   * @param {*} value The value to add.
   * @returns {Object} Returns `set`.
   */
  function addSetEntry(set, value) {
    set.add(value);
    return set;
  }

  /**
   * A faster alternative to `Function#apply`, this function invokes `func`
   * with the `this` binding of `thisArg` and the arguments of `args`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Function} func The function to invoke.
   * @param {*} thisArg The `this` binding of `func`.
   * @param {Array} args The arguments to invoke `func` with.
   * @returns {*} Returns the result of `func`.
   */
  function apply(func, thisArg, args) {
    var length = args.length;
    switch (length) {
      case 0: return func.call(thisArg);
      case 1: return func.call(thisArg, args[0]);
      case 2: return func.call(thisArg, args[0], args[1]);
      case 3: return func.call(thisArg, args[0], args[1], args[2]);
    }
    return func.apply(thisArg, args);
  }

  /**
   * A specialized version of `baseAggregator` for arrays.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} setter The function to set `accumulator` values.
   * @param {Function} iteratee The iteratee to transform keys.
   * @param {Object} accumulator The initial aggregated object.
   * @returns {Function} Returns `accumulator`.
   */
  function arrayAggregator(array, setter, iteratee, accumulator) {
    var index = -1,
        length = array.length;

    while (++index < length) {
      var value = array[index];
      setter(accumulator, value, iteratee(value), array);
    }
    return accumulator;
  }

  /**
   * A specialized version of `_.forEach` for arrays without support for
   * iteratee shorthands.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
   * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
   */
  function arrayEach(array, iteratee) {
    var index = -1,
        length = array.length;

    while (++index < length) {
      if (iteratee(array[index], index, array) === false) {
        break;
      }
    }
    return array;
  }

  /**
   * A specialized version of `_.every` for arrays without support for
   * iteratee shorthands.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if all elements pass the predicate check,
   *  else `false`.
   */
  function arrayEvery(array, predicate) {
    var index = -1,
        length = array.length;

    while (++index < length) {
      if (!predicate(array[index], index, array)) {
        return false;
      }
    }
    return true;
  }

  /**
   * A specialized version of `_.filter` for arrays without support for
   * iteratee shorthands.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the new filtered array.
   */
  function arrayFilter(array, predicate) {
    var index = -1,
        length = array.length,
        resIndex = 0,
        result = [];

    while (++index < length) {
      var value = array[index];
      if (predicate(value, index, array)) {
        result[resIndex++] = value;
      }
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * A specialized version of `_.includes` for arrays without support for
   * specifying an index to search from.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The array to search.
   * @param {*} target The value to search for.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `target` is found, else `false`.
   */
  function arrayIncludes(array, value) {
    return !!array.length && baseIndexOf(array, value, 0) > -1;
  }

  /**
   * This function is like `arrayIncludes` except that it accepts a comparator.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The array to search.
   * @param {*} target The value to search for.
   * @param {Function} comparator The comparator invoked per element.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `target` is found, else `false`.
   */
  function arrayIncludesWith(array, value, comparator) {
    var index = -1,
        length = array.length;

    while (++index < length) {
      if (comparator(value, array[index])) {
        return true;
      }
    }
    return false;
  }

  /**
   * A specialized version of `_.map` for arrays without support for iteratee
   * shorthands.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the new mapped array.
   */
  function arrayMap(array, iteratee) {
    var index = -1,
        length = array.length,
        result = Array(length);

    while (++index < length) {
      result[index] = iteratee(array[index], index, array);
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Appends the elements of `values` to `array`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The array to modify.
   * @param {Array} values The values to append.
   * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
   */
  function arrayPush(array, values) {
    var index = -1,
        length = values.length,
        offset = array.length;

    while (++index < length) {
      array[offset + index] = values[index];
    }
    return array;
  }

  /**
   * A specialized version of `_.reduce` for arrays without support for
   * iteratee shorthands.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
   * @param {*} [accumulator] The initial value.
   * @param {boolean} [initAccum] Specify using the first element of `array` as
   *  the initial value.
   * @returns {*} Returns the accumulated value.
   */
  function arrayReduce(array, iteratee, accumulator, initAccum) {
    var index = -1,
        length = array.length;

    if (initAccum && length) {
      accumulator = array[++index];
    }
    while (++index < length) {
      accumulator = iteratee(accumulator, array[index], index, array);
    }
    return accumulator;
  }

  /**
   * A specialized version of `_.some` for arrays without support for iteratee
   * shorthands.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if any element passes the predicate check,
   *  else `false`.
   */
  function arraySome(array, predicate) {
    var index = -1,
        length = array.length;

    while (++index < length) {
      if (predicate(array[index], index, array)) {
        return true;
      }
    }
    return false;
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of methods like `_.find` and `_.findKey`, without
   * support for iteratee shorthands, which iterates over `collection` using
   * `eachFunc`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to search.
   * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
   * @param {Function} eachFunc The function to iterate over `collection`.
   * @param {boolean} [retKey] Specify returning the key of the found element
   *  instead of the element itself.
   * @returns {*} Returns the found element or its key, else `undefined`.
   */
  function baseFind(collection, predicate, eachFunc, retKey) {
    var result;
    eachFunc(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
      if (predicate(value, key, collection)) {
        result = retKey ? key : value;
        return false;
      }
    });
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.findIndex` and `_.findLastIndex` without
   * support for iteratee shorthands.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The array to search.
   * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
   * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.
   * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value, else `-1`.
   */
  function baseFindIndex(array, predicate, fromRight) {
    var length = array.length,
        index = fromRight ? length : -1;

    while ((fromRight ? index-- : ++index < length)) {
      if (predicate(array[index], index, array)) {
        return index;
      }
    }
    return -1;
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.indexOf` without `fromIndex` bounds checks.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The array to search.
   * @param {*} value The value to search for.
   * @param {number} fromIndex The index to search from.
   * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value, else `-1`.
   */
  function baseIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {
    if (value !== value) {
      return indexOfNaN(array, fromIndex);
    }
    var index = fromIndex - 1,
        length = array.length;

    while (++index < length) {
      if (array[index] === value) {
        return index;
      }
    }
    return -1;
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.reduce` and `_.reduceRight`, without support
   * for iteratee shorthands, which iterates over `collection` using `eachFunc`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
   * @param {*} accumulator The initial value.
   * @param {boolean} initAccum Specify using the first or last element of
   *  `collection` as the initial value.
   * @param {Function} eachFunc The function to iterate over `collection`.
   * @returns {*} Returns the accumulated value.
   */
  function baseReduce(collection, iteratee, accumulator, initAccum, eachFunc) {
    eachFunc(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
      accumulator = initAccum
        ? (initAccum = false, value)
        : iteratee(accumulator, value, index, collection);
    });
    return accumulator;
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.times` without support for iteratee shorthands
   * or max array length checks.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {number} n The number of times to invoke `iteratee`.
   * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the array of results.
   */
  function baseTimes(n, iteratee) {
    var index = -1,
        result = Array(n);

    while (++index < n) {
      result[index] = iteratee(index);
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.toPairs` and `_.toPairsIn` which creates an array
   * of key-value pairs for `object` corresponding to the property names of `props`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The object to query.
   * @param {Array} props The property names to get values for.
   * @returns {Object} Returns the key-value pairs.
   */
  function baseToPairs(object, props) {
    return arrayMap(props, function(key) {
      return [key, object[key]];
    });
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.unary` without support for storing wrapper metadata.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Function} func The function to cap arguments for.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new capped function.
   */
  function baseUnary(func) {
    return function(value) {
      return func(value);
    };
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.values` and `_.valuesIn` which creates an
   * array of `object` property values corresponding to the property names
   * of `props`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The object to query.
   * @param {Array} props The property names to get values for.
   * @returns {Object} Returns the array of property values.
   */
  function baseValues(object, props) {
    return arrayMap(props, function(key) {
      return object[key];
    });
  }

  /**
   * Checks if a cache value for `key` exists.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} cache The cache to query.
   * @param {string} key The key of the entry to check.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if an entry for `key` exists, else `false`.
   */
  function cacheHas(cache, key) {
    return cache.has(key);
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is a global object.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {*} value The value to check.
   * @returns {null|Object} Returns `value` if it's a global object, else `null`.
   */
  function checkGlobal(value) {
    return (value && value.Object === Object) ? value : null;
  }

  /**
   * Gets the number of `placeholder` occurrences in `array`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
   * @param {*} placeholder The placeholder to search for.
   * @returns {number} Returns the placeholder count.
   */
  function countHolders(array, placeholder) {
    var length = array.length,
        result = 0;

    while (length--) {
      if (array[length] === placeholder) {
        result++;
      }
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Gets the index at which the first occurrence of `NaN` is found in `array`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The array to search.
   * @param {number} fromIndex The index to search from.
   * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.
   * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched `NaN`, else `-1`.
   */
  function indexOfNaN(array, fromIndex, fromRight) {
    var length = array.length,
        index = fromIndex + (fromRight ? 0 : -1);

    while ((fromRight ? index-- : ++index < length)) {
      var other = array[index];
      if (other !== other) {
        return index;
      }
    }
    return -1;
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is a host object in IE < 9.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {*} value The value to check.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a host object, else `false`.
   */
  function isHostObject(value) {
    // Many host objects are `Object` objects that can coerce to strings
    // despite having improperly defined `toString` methods.
    var result = false;
    if (value != null && typeof value.toString != 'function') {
      try {
        result = !!(value + '');
      } catch (e) {}
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Converts `iterator` to an array.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} iterator The iterator to convert.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the converted array.
   */
  function iteratorToArray(iterator) {
    var data,
        result = [];

    while (!(data = iterator.next()).done) {
      result.push(data.value);
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Converts `map` to its key-value pairs.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} map The map to convert.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the key-value pairs.
   */
  function mapToArray(map) {
    var index = -1,
        result = Array(map.size);

    map.forEach(function(value, key) {
      result[++index] = [key, value];
    });
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Replaces all `placeholder` elements in `array` with an internal placeholder
   * and returns an array of their indexes.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The array to modify.
   * @param {*} placeholder The placeholder to replace.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of placeholder indexes.
   */
  function replaceHolders(array, placeholder) {
    var index = -1,
        length = array.length,
        resIndex = 0,
        result = [];

    while (++index < length) {
      var value = array[index];
      if (value === placeholder || value === PLACEHOLDER) {
        array[index] = PLACEHOLDER;
        result[resIndex++] = index;
      }
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Converts `set` to an array of its values.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} set The set to convert.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the values.
   */
  function setToArray(set) {
    var index = -1,
        result = Array(set.size);

    set.forEach(function(value) {
      result[++index] = value;
    });
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Converts `set` to its value-value pairs.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} set The set to convert.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the value-value pairs.
   */
  function setToPairs(set) {
    var index = -1,
        result = Array(set.size);

    set.forEach(function(value) {
      result[++index] = [value, value];
    });
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Converts `string` to an array.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {string} string The string to convert.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the converted array.
   */
  function stringToArray(string) {
    return string.match(reComplexSymbol);
  }

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /** Used for built-in method references. */
  var arrayProto = Array.prototype,
      objectProto = Object.prototype;

  /** Used to resolve the decompiled source of functions. */
  var funcToString = Function.prototype.toString;

  /** Used to check objects for own properties. */
  var hasOwnProperty = objectProto.hasOwnProperty;

  /** Used to infer the `Object` constructor. */
  var objectCtorString = funcToString.call(Object);

  /**
   * Used to resolve the
   * [`toStringTag`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-object.prototype.tostring)
   * of values.
   */
  var objectToString = objectProto.toString;

  /** Used to detect if a method is native. */
  var reIsNative = RegExp('^' +
    funcToString.call(hasOwnProperty).replace(reRegExpChar, '\\$&')
    .replace(/hasOwnProperty|(function).*?(?=\\\()| for .+?(?=\\\])/g, '$1.*?') + '$'
  );

  /** Built-in value references. */
  var Buffer = moduleExports ? root.Buffer : undefined,
      Reflect = root.Reflect,
      Symbol = root.Symbol,
      Uint8Array = root.Uint8Array,
      enumerate = Reflect ? Reflect.enumerate : undefined,
      getOwnPropertySymbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols,
      iteratorSymbol = typeof (iteratorSymbol = Symbol && Symbol.iterator) == 'symbol' ? iteratorSymbol : undefined,
      objectCreate = Object.create,
      propertyIsEnumerable = objectProto.propertyIsEnumerable,
      splice = arrayProto.splice;

  /* Built-in method references for those with the same name as other `lodash` methods. */
  var nativeCeil = Math.ceil,
      nativeGetPrototype = Object.getPrototypeOf,
      nativeKeys = Object.keys,
      nativeMax = Math.max,
      nativeMin = Math.min,
      nativeReverse = arrayProto.reverse;

  /* Built-in method references that are verified to be native. */
  var DataView = getNative(root, 'DataView'),
      Map = getNative(root, 'Map'),
      Promise = getNative(root, 'Promise'),
      Set = getNative(root, 'Set'),
      WeakMap = getNative(root, 'WeakMap'),
      nativeCreate = getNative(Object, 'create');

  /** Used to store function metadata. */
  var metaMap = WeakMap && new WeakMap;

  /** Detect if properties shadowing those on `Object.prototype` are non-enumerable. */
  var nonEnumShadows = !propertyIsEnumerable.call({ 'valueOf': 1 }, 'valueOf');

  /** Used to lookup unminified function names. */
  var realNames = {};

  /** Used to detect maps, sets, and weakmaps. */
  var dataViewCtorString = toSource(DataView),
      mapCtorString = toSource(Map),
      promiseCtorString = toSource(Promise),
      setCtorString = toSource(Set),
      weakMapCtorString = toSource(WeakMap);

  /** Used to convert symbols to primitives and strings. */
  var symbolProto = Symbol ? Symbol.prototype : undefined,
      symbolValueOf = symbolProto ? symbolProto.valueOf : undefined,
      symbolToString = symbolProto ? symbolProto.toString : undefined;

  /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Creates a `lodash` object which wraps `value` to enable implicit method
   * chain sequences. Methods that operate on and return arrays, collections,
   * and functions can be chained together. Methods that retrieve a single value
   * or may return a primitive value will automatically end the chain sequence
   * and return the unwrapped value. Otherwise, the value must be unwrapped
   * with `_#value`.
   *
   * Explicit chain sequences, which must be unwrapped with `_#value`, may be
   * enabled using `_.chain`.
   *
   * The execution of chained methods is lazy, that is, it's deferred until
   * `_#value` is implicitly or explicitly called.
   *
   * Lazy evaluation allows several methods to support shortcut fusion.
   * Shortcut fusion is an optimization to merge iteratee calls; this avoids
   * the creation of intermediate arrays and can greatly reduce the number of
   * iteratee executions. Sections of a chain sequence qualify for shortcut
   * fusion if the section is applied to an array of at least `200` elements
   * and any iteratees accept only one argument. The heuristic for whether a
   * section qualifies for shortcut fusion is subject to change.
   *
   * Chaining is supported in custom builds as long as the `_#value` method is
   * directly or indirectly included in the build.
   *
   * In addition to lodash methods, wrappers have `Array` and `String` methods.
   *
   * The wrapper `Array` methods are:
   * `concat`, `join`, `pop`, `push`, `shift`, `sort`, `splice`, and `unshift`
   *
   * The wrapper `String` methods are:
   * `replace` and `split`
   *
   * The wrapper methods that support shortcut fusion are:
   * `at`, `compact`, `drop`, `dropRight`, `dropWhile`, `filter`, `find`,
   * `findLast`, `head`, `initial`, `last`, `map`, `reject`, `reverse`, `slice`,
   * `tail`, `take`, `takeRight`, `takeRightWhile`, `takeWhile`, and `toArray`
   *
   * The chainable wrapper methods are:
   * `after`, `ary`, `assign`, `assignIn`, `assignInWith`, `assignWith`, `at`,
   * `before`, `bind`, `bindAll`, `bindKey`, `castArray`, `chain`, `chunk`,
   * `commit`, `compact`, `concat`, `conforms`, `constant`, `countBy`, `create`,
   * `curry`, `debounce`, `defaults`, `defaultsDeep`, `defer`, `delay`,
   * `difference`, `differenceBy`, `differenceWith`, `drop`, `dropRight`,
   * `dropRightWhile`, `dropWhile`, `extend`, `extendWith`, `fill`, `filter`,
   * `flatMap`, `flatMapDeep`, `flatMapDepth`, `flatten`, `flattenDeep`,
   * `flattenDepth`, `flip`, `flow`, `flowRight`, `fromPairs`, `functions`,
   * `functionsIn`, `groupBy`, `initial`, `intersection`, `intersectionBy`,
   * `intersectionWith`, `invert`, `invertBy`, `invokeMap`, `iteratee`, `keyBy`,
   * `keys`, `keysIn`, `map`, `mapKeys`, `mapValues`, `matches`, `matchesProperty`,
   * `memoize`, `merge`, `mergeWith`, `method`, `methodOf`, `mixin`, `negate`,
   * `nthArg`, `omit`, `omitBy`, `once`, `orderBy`, `over`, `overArgs`,
   * `overEvery`, `overSome`, `partial`, `partialRight`, `partition`, `pick`,
   * `pickBy`, `plant`, `property`, `propertyOf`, `pull`, `pullAll`, `pullAllBy`,
   * `pullAllWith`, `pullAt`, `push`, `range`, `rangeRight`, `rearg`, `reject`,
   * `remove`, `rest`, `reverse`, `sampleSize`, `set`, `setWith`, `shuffle`,
   * `slice`, `sort`, `sortBy`, `splice`, `spread`, `tail`, `take`, `takeRight`,
   * `takeRightWhile`, `takeWhile`, `tap`, `throttle`, `thru`, `toArray`,
   * `toPairs`, `toPairsIn`, `toPath`, `toPlainObject`, `transform`, `unary`,
   * `union`, `unionBy`, `unionWith`, `uniq`, `uniqBy`, `uniqWith`, `unset`,
   * `unshift`, `unzip`, `unzipWith`, `update`, `updateWith`, `values`,
   * `valuesIn`, `without`, `wrap`, `xor`, `xorBy`, `xorWith`, `zip`,
   * `zipObject`, `zipObjectDeep`, and `zipWith`
   *
   * The wrapper methods that are **not** chainable by default are:
   * `add`, `attempt`, `camelCase`, `capitalize`, `ceil`, `clamp`, `clone`,
   * `cloneDeep`, `cloneDeepWith`, `cloneWith`, `deburr`, `divide`, `each`,
   * `eachRight`, `endsWith`, `eq`, `escape`, `escapeRegExp`, `every`, `find`,
   * `findIndex`, `findKey`, `findLast`, `findLastIndex`, `findLastKey`, `first`,
   * `floor`, `forEach`, `forEachRight`, `forIn`, `forInRight`, `forOwn`,
   * `forOwnRight`, `get`, `gt`, `gte`, `has`, `hasIn`, `head`, `identity`,
   * `includes`, `indexOf`, `inRange`, `invoke`, `isArguments`, `isArray`,
   * `isArrayBuffer`, `isArrayLike`, `isArrayLikeObject`, `isBoolean`,
   * `isBuffer`, `isDate`, `isElement`, `isEmpty`, `isEqual`, `isEqualWith`,
   * `isError`, `isFinite`, `isFunction`, `isInteger`, `isLength`, `isMap`,
   * `isMatch`, `isMatchWith`, `isNaN`, `isNative`, `isNil`, `isNull`, `isNumber`,
   * `isObject`, `isObjectLike`, `isPlainObject`, `isRegExp`, `isSafeInteger`,
   * `isSet`, `isString`, `isUndefined`, `isTypedArray`, `isWeakMap`, `isWeakSet`,
   * `join`, `kebabCase`, `last`, `lastIndexOf`, `lowerCase`, `lowerFirst`,
   * `lt`, `lte`, `max`, `maxBy`, `mean`, `meanBy`, `min`, `minBy`, `multiply`,
   * `noConflict`, `noop`, `now`, `nth`, `pad`, `padEnd`, `padStart`, `parseInt`,
   * `pop`, `random`, `reduce`, `reduceRight`, `repeat`, `result`, `round`,
   * `runInContext`, `sample`, `shift`, `size`, `snakeCase`, `some`, `sortedIndex`,
   * `sortedIndexBy`, `sortedLastIndex`, `sortedLastIndexBy`, `startCase`,
   * `startsWith`, `subtract`, `sum`, `sumBy`, `template`, `times`, `toFinite`,
   * `toInteger`, `toJSON`, `toLength`, `toLower`, `toNumber`, `toSafeInteger`,
   * `toString`, `toUpper`, `trim`, `trimEnd`, `trimStart`, `truncate`, `unescape`,
   * `uniqueId`, `upperCase`, `upperFirst`, `value`, and `words`
   *
   * @name _
   * @constructor
   * @category Seq
   * @param {*} value The value to wrap in a `lodash` instance.
   * @returns {Object} Returns the new `lodash` wrapper instance.
   * @example
   *
   * function square(n) {
   *   return n * n;
   * }
   *
   * var wrapped = _([1, 2, 3]);
   *
   * // Returns an unwrapped value.
   * wrapped.reduce(_.add);
   * // => 6
   *
   * // Returns a wrapped value.
   * var squares = wrapped.map(square);
   *
   * _.isArray(squares);
   * // => false
   *
   * _.isArray(squares.value());
   * // => true
   */
  function lodash(value) {
    if (isObjectLike(value) && !isArray(value) && !(value instanceof LazyWrapper)) {
      if (value instanceof LodashWrapper) {
        return value;
      }
      if (hasOwnProperty.call(value, '__wrapped__')) {
        return wrapperClone(value);
      }
    }
    return new LodashWrapper(value);
  }

  /**
   * The function whose prototype chain sequence wrappers inherit from.
   *
   * @private
   */
  function baseLodash() {
    // No operation performed.
  }

  /**
   * The base constructor for creating `lodash` wrapper objects.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {*} value The value to wrap.
   * @param {boolean} [chainAll] Enable explicit method chain sequences.
   */
  function LodashWrapper(value, chainAll) {
    this.__wrapped__ = value;
    this.__actions__ = [];
    this.__chain__ = !!chainAll;
    this.__index__ = 0;
    this.__values__ = undefined;
  }

  // Ensure wrappers are instances of `baseLodash`.
  lodash.prototype = baseLodash.prototype;
  lodash.prototype.constructor = lodash;

  LodashWrapper.prototype = baseCreate(baseLodash.prototype);
  LodashWrapper.prototype.constructor = LodashWrapper;

  /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Creates a lazy wrapper object which wraps `value` to enable lazy evaluation.
   *
   * @private
   * @constructor
   * @param {*} value The value to wrap.
   */
  function LazyWrapper(value) {
    this.__wrapped__ = value;
    this.__actions__ = [];
    this.__dir__ = 1;
    this.__filtered__ = false;
    this.__iteratees__ = [];
    this.__takeCount__ = MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH;
    this.__views__ = [];
  }

  /**
   * Creates a clone of the lazy wrapper object.
   *
   * @private
   * @name clone
   * @memberOf LazyWrapper
   * @returns {Object} Returns the cloned `LazyWrapper` object.
   */
  function lazyClone() {
    var result = new LazyWrapper(this.__wrapped__);
    result.__actions__ = copyArray(this.__actions__);
    result.__dir__ = this.__dir__;
    result.__filtered__ = this.__filtered__;
    result.__iteratees__ = copyArray(this.__iteratees__);
    result.__takeCount__ = this.__takeCount__;
    result.__views__ = copyArray(this.__views__);
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Reverses the direction of lazy iteration.
   *
   * @private
   * @name reverse
   * @memberOf LazyWrapper
   * @returns {Object} Returns the new reversed `LazyWrapper` object.
   */
  function lazyReverse() {
    if (this.__filtered__) {
      var result = new LazyWrapper(this);
      result.__dir__ = -1;
      result.__filtered__ = true;
    } else {
      result = this.clone();
      result.__dir__ *= -1;
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Extracts the unwrapped value from its lazy wrapper.
   *
   * @private
   * @name value
   * @memberOf LazyWrapper
   * @returns {*} Returns the unwrapped value.
   */
  function lazyValue() {
    var array = this.__wrapped__.value(),
        dir = this.__dir__,
        isArr = isArray(array),
        isRight = dir < 0,
        arrLength = isArr ? array.length : 0,
        view = getView(0, arrLength, this.__views__),
        start = view.start,
        end = view.end,
        length = end - start,
        index = isRight ? end : (start - 1),
        iteratees = this.__iteratees__,
        iterLength = iteratees.length,
        resIndex = 0,
        takeCount = nativeMin(length, this.__takeCount__);

    if (!isArr || arrLength < LARGE_ARRAY_SIZE ||
        (arrLength == length && takeCount == length)) {
      return baseWrapperValue(array, this.__actions__);
    }
    var result = [];

    outer:
    while (length-- && resIndex < takeCount) {
      index += dir;

      var iterIndex = -1,
          value = array[index];

      while (++iterIndex < iterLength) {
        var data = iteratees[iterIndex],
            iteratee = data.iteratee,
            type = data.type,
            computed = iteratee(value);

        if (type == LAZY_MAP_FLAG) {
          value = computed;
        } else if (!computed) {
          if (type == LAZY_FILTER_FLAG) {
            continue outer;
          } else {
            break outer;
          }
        }
      }
      result[resIndex++] = value;
    }
    return result;
  }

  // Ensure `LazyWrapper` is an instance of `baseLodash`.
  LazyWrapper.prototype = baseCreate(baseLodash.prototype);
  LazyWrapper.prototype.constructor = LazyWrapper;

  /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Creates a hash object.
   *
   * @private
   * @constructor
   * @param {Array} [entries] The key-value pairs to cache.
   */
  function Hash(entries) {
    var index = -1,
        length = entries ? entries.length : 0;

    this.clear();
    while (++index < length) {
      var entry = entries[index];
      this.set(entry[0], entry[1]);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Removes all key-value entries from the hash.
   *
   * @private
   * @name clear
   * @memberOf Hash
   */
  function hashClear() {
    this.__data__ = nativeCreate ? nativeCreate(null) : {};
  }

  /**
   * Removes `key` and its value from the hash.
   *
   * @private
   * @name delete
   * @memberOf Hash
   * @param {Object} hash The hash to modify.
   * @param {string} key The key of the value to remove.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the entry was removed, else `false`.
   */
  function hashDelete(key) {
    return this.has(key) && delete this.__data__[key];
  }

  /**
   * Gets the hash value for `key`.
   *
   * @private
   * @name get
   * @memberOf Hash
   * @param {string} key The key of the value to get.
   * @returns {*} Returns the entry value.
   */
  function hashGet(key) {
    var data = this.__data__;
    if (nativeCreate) {
      var result = data[key];
      return result === HASH_UNDEFINED ? undefined : result;
    }
    return hasOwnProperty.call(data, key) ? data[key] : undefined;
  }

  /**
   * Checks if a hash value for `key` exists.
   *
   * @private
   * @name has
   * @memberOf Hash
   * @param {string} key The key of the entry to check.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if an entry for `key` exists, else `false`.
   */
  function hashHas(key) {
    var data = this.__data__;
    return nativeCreate ? data[key] !== undefined : hasOwnProperty.call(data, key);
  }

  /**
   * Sets the hash `key` to `value`.
   *
   * @private
   * @name set
   * @memberOf Hash
   * @param {string} key The key of the value to set.
   * @param {*} value The value to set.
   * @returns {Object} Returns the hash instance.
   */
  function hashSet(key, value) {
    var data = this.__data__;
    data[key] = (nativeCreate && value === undefined) ? HASH_UNDEFINED : value;
    return this;
  }

  // Add methods to `Hash`.
  Hash.prototype.clear = hashClear;
  Hash.prototype['delete'] = hashDelete;
  Hash.prototype.get = hashGet;
  Hash.prototype.has = hashHas;
  Hash.prototype.set = hashSet;

  /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Creates an list cache object.
   *
   * @private
   * @constructor
   * @param {Array} [entries] The key-value pairs to cache.
   */
  function ListCache(entries) {
    var index = -1,
        length = entries ? entries.length : 0;

    this.clear();
    while (++index < length) {
      var entry = entries[index];
      this.set(entry[0], entry[1]);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Removes all key-value entries from the list cache.
   *
   * @private
   * @name clear
   * @memberOf ListCache
   */
  function listCacheClear() {
    this.__data__ = [];
  }

  /**
   * Removes `key` and its value from the list cache.
   *
   * @private
   * @name delete
   * @memberOf ListCache
   * @param {string} key The key of the value to remove.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the entry was removed, else `false`.
   */
  function listCacheDelete(key) {
    var data = this.__data__,
        index = assocIndexOf(data, key);

    if (index < 0) {
      return false;
    }
    var lastIndex = data.length - 1;
    if (index == lastIndex) {
      data.pop();
    } else {
      splice.call(data, index, 1);
    }
    return true;
  }

  /**
   * Gets the list cache value for `key`.
   *
   * @private
   * @name get
   * @memberOf ListCache
   * @param {string} key The key of the value to get.
   * @returns {*} Returns the entry value.
   */
  function listCacheGet(key) {
    var data = this.__data__,
        index = assocIndexOf(data, key);

    return index < 0 ? undefined : data[index][1];
  }

  /**
   * Checks if a list cache value for `key` exists.
   *
   * @private
   * @name has
   * @memberOf ListCache
   * @param {string} key The key of the entry to check.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if an entry for `key` exists, else `false`.
   */
  function listCacheHas(key) {
    return assocIndexOf(this.__data__, key) > -1;
  }

  /**
   * Sets the list cache `key` to `value`.
   *
   * @private
   * @name set
   * @memberOf ListCache
   * @param {string} key The key of the value to set.
   * @param {*} value The value to set.
   * @returns {Object} Returns the list cache instance.
   */
  function listCacheSet(key, value) {
    var data = this.__data__,
        index = assocIndexOf(data, key);

    if (index < 0) {
      data.push([key, value]);
    } else {
      data[index][1] = value;
    }
    return this;
  }

  // Add methods to `ListCache`.
  ListCache.prototype.clear = listCacheClear;
  ListCache.prototype['delete'] = listCacheDelete;
  ListCache.prototype.get = listCacheGet;
  ListCache.prototype.has = listCacheHas;
  ListCache.prototype.set = listCacheSet;

  /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Creates a map cache object to store key-value pairs.
   *
   * @private
   * @constructor
   * @param {Array} [entries] The key-value pairs to cache.
   */
  function MapCache(entries) {
    var index = -1,
        length = entries ? entries.length : 0;

    this.clear();
    while (++index < length) {
      var entry = entries[index];
      this.set(entry[0], entry[1]);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Removes all key-value entries from the map.
   *
   * @private
   * @name clear
   * @memberOf MapCache
   */
  function mapCacheClear() {
    this.__data__ = {
      'hash': new Hash,
      'map': new (Map || ListCache),
      'string': new Hash
    };
  }

  /**
   * Removes `key` and its value from the map.
   *
   * @private
   * @name delete
   * @memberOf MapCache
   * @param {string} key The key of the value to remove.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the entry was removed, else `false`.
   */
  function mapCacheDelete(key) {
    return getMapData(this, key)['delete'](key);
  }

  /**
   * Gets the map value for `key`.
   *
   * @private
   * @name get
   * @memberOf MapCache
   * @param {string} key The key of the value to get.
   * @returns {*} Returns the entry value.
   */
  function mapCacheGet(key) {
    return getMapData(this, key).get(key);
  }

  /**
   * Checks if a map value for `key` exists.
   *
   * @private
   * @name has
   * @memberOf MapCache
   * @param {string} key The key of the entry to check.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if an entry for `key` exists, else `false`.
   */
  function mapCacheHas(key) {
    return getMapData(this, key).has(key);
  }

  /**
   * Sets the map `key` to `value`.
   *
   * @private
   * @name set
   * @memberOf MapCache
   * @param {string} key The key of the value to set.
   * @param {*} value The value to set.
   * @returns {Object} Returns the map cache instance.
   */
  function mapCacheSet(key, value) {
    getMapData(this, key).set(key, value);
    return this;
  }

  // Add methods to `MapCache`.
  MapCache.prototype.clear = mapCacheClear;
  MapCache.prototype['delete'] = mapCacheDelete;
  MapCache.prototype.get = mapCacheGet;
  MapCache.prototype.has = mapCacheHas;
  MapCache.prototype.set = mapCacheSet;

  /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   *
   * Creates an array cache object to store unique values.
   *
   * @private
   * @constructor
   * @param {Array} [values] The values to cache.
   */
  function SetCache(values) {
    var index = -1,
        length = values ? values.length : 0;

    this.__data__ = new MapCache;
    while (++index < length) {
      this.add(values[index]);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Adds `value` to the array cache.
   *
   * @private
   * @name add
   * @memberOf SetCache
   * @alias push
   * @param {*} value The value to cache.
   * @returns {Object} Returns the cache instance.
   */
  function setCacheAdd(value) {
    this.__data__.set(value, HASH_UNDEFINED);
    return this;
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is in the array cache.
   *
   * @private
   * @name has
   * @memberOf SetCache
   * @param {*} value The value to search for.
   * @returns {number} Returns `true` if `value` is found, else `false`.
   */
  function setCacheHas(value) {
    return this.__data__.has(value);
  }

  // Add methods to `SetCache`.
  SetCache.prototype.add = SetCache.prototype.push = setCacheAdd;
  SetCache.prototype.has = setCacheHas;

  /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Creates a stack cache object to store key-value pairs.
   *
   * @private
   * @constructor
   * @param {Array} [entries] The key-value pairs to cache.
   */
  function Stack(entries) {
    this.__data__ = new ListCache(entries);
  }

  /**
   * Removes all key-value entries from the stack.
   *
   * @private
   * @name clear
   * @memberOf Stack
   */
  function stackClear() {
    this.__data__ = new ListCache;
  }

  /**
   * Removes `key` and its value from the stack.
   *
   * @private
   * @name delete
   * @memberOf Stack
   * @param {string} key The key of the value to remove.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the entry was removed, else `false`.
   */
  function stackDelete(key) {
    return this.__data__['delete'](key);
  }

  /**
   * Gets the stack value for `key`.
   *
   * @private
   * @name get
   * @memberOf Stack
   * @param {string} key The key of the value to get.
   * @returns {*} Returns the entry value.
   */
  function stackGet(key) {
    return this.__data__.get(key);
  }

  /**
   * Checks if a stack value for `key` exists.
   *
   * @private
   * @name has
   * @memberOf Stack
   * @param {string} key The key of the entry to check.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if an entry for `key` exists, else `false`.
   */
  function stackHas(key) {
    return this.__data__.has(key);
  }

  /**
   * Sets the stack `key` to `value`.
   *
   * @private
   * @name set
   * @memberOf Stack
   * @param {string} key The key of the value to set.
   * @param {*} value The value to set.
   * @returns {Object} Returns the stack cache instance.
   */
  function stackSet(key, value) {
    var cache = this.__data__;
    if (cache instanceof ListCache && cache.__data__.length == LARGE_ARRAY_SIZE) {
      cache = this.__data__ = new MapCache(cache.__data__);
    }
    cache.set(key, value);
    return this;
  }

  // Add methods to `Stack`.
  Stack.prototype.clear = stackClear;
  Stack.prototype['delete'] = stackDelete;
  Stack.prototype.get = stackGet;
  Stack.prototype.has = stackHas;
  Stack.prototype.set = stackSet;

  /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * This function is like `assignValue` except that it doesn't assign
   * `undefined` values.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The object to modify.
   * @param {string} key The key of the property to assign.
   * @param {*} value The value to assign.
   */
  function assignMergeValue(object, key, value) {
    if ((value !== undefined && !eq(object[key], value)) ||
        (typeof key == 'number' && value === undefined && !(key in object))) {
      object[key] = value;
    }
  }

  /**
   * Assigns `value` to `key` of `object` if the existing value is not equivalent
   * using [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-samevaluezero)
   * for equality comparisons.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The object to modify.
   * @param {string} key The key of the property to assign.
   * @param {*} value The value to assign.
   */
  function assignValue(object, key, value) {
    var objValue = object[key];
    if (!(hasOwnProperty.call(object, key) && eq(objValue, value)) ||
        (value === undefined && !(key in object))) {
      object[key] = value;
    }
  }

  /**
   * Gets the index at which the `key` is found in `array` of key-value pairs.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The array to search.
   * @param {*} key The key to search for.
   * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value, else `-1`.
   */
  function assocIndexOf(array, key) {
    var length = array.length;
    while (length--) {
      if (eq(array[length][0], key)) {
        return length;
      }
    }
    return -1;
  }

  /**
   * Aggregates elements of `collection` on `accumulator` with keys transformed
   * by `iteratee` and values set by `setter`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} setter The function to set `accumulator` values.
   * @param {Function} iteratee The iteratee to transform keys.
   * @param {Object} accumulator The initial aggregated object.
   * @returns {Function} Returns `accumulator`.
   */
  function baseAggregator(collection, setter, iteratee, accumulator) {
    baseEach(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
      setter(accumulator, value, iteratee(value), collection);
    });
    return accumulator;
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.assign` without support for multiple sources
   * or `customizer` functions.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The destination object.
   * @param {Object} source The source object.
   * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
   */
  function baseAssign(object, source) {
    return object && copyObject(source, keys(source), object);
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.at` without support for individual paths.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
   * @param {string[]} paths The property paths of elements to pick.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the picked elements.
   */
  function baseAt(object, paths) {
    var index = -1,
        isNil = object == null,
        length = paths.length,
        result = Array(length);

    while (++index < length) {
      result[index] = isNil ? undefined : get(object, paths[index]);
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.clone` and `_.cloneDeep` which tracks
   * traversed objects.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {*} value The value to clone.
   * @param {boolean} [isDeep] Specify a deep clone.
   * @param {boolean} [isFull] Specify a clone including symbols.
   * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize cloning.
   * @param {string} [key] The key of `value`.
   * @param {Object} [object] The parent object of `value`.
   * @param {Object} [stack] Tracks traversed objects and their clone counterparts.
   * @returns {*} Returns the cloned value.
   */
  function baseClone(value, isDeep, isFull, customizer, key, object, stack) {
    var result;
    if (customizer) {
      result = object ? customizer(value, key, object, stack) : customizer(value);
    }
    if (result !== undefined) {
      return result;
    }
    if (!isObject(value)) {
      return value;
    }
    var isArr = isArray(value);
    if (isArr) {
      result = initCloneArray(value);
      if (!isDeep) {
        return copyArray(value, result);
      }
    } else {
      var tag = getTag(value),
          isFunc = tag == funcTag || tag == genTag;

      if (isBuffer(value)) {
        return cloneBuffer(value, isDeep);
      }
      if (tag == objectTag || tag == argsTag || (isFunc && !object)) {
        if (isHostObject(value)) {
          return object ? value : {};
        }
        result = initCloneObject(isFunc ? {} : value);
        if (!isDeep) {
          return copySymbols(value, baseAssign(result, value));
        }
      } else {
        if (!cloneableTags[tag]) {
          return object ? value : {};
        }
        result = initCloneByTag(value, tag, baseClone, isDeep);
      }
    }
    // Check for circular references and return its corresponding clone.
    stack || (stack = new Stack);
    var stacked = stack.get(value);
    if (stacked) {
      return stacked;
    }
    stack.set(value, result);

    if (!isArr) {
      var props = isFull ? getAllKeys(value) : keys(value);
    }
    // Recursively populate clone (susceptible to call stack limits).
    arrayEach(props || value, function(subValue, key) {
      if (props) {
        key = subValue;
        subValue = value[key];
      }
      assignValue(result, key, baseClone(subValue, isDeep, isFull, customizer, key, value, stack));
    });
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.create` without support for assigning
   * properties to the created object.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} prototype The object to inherit from.
   * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
   */
  function baseCreate(proto) {
    return isObject(proto) ? objectCreate(proto) : {};
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of methods like `_.difference` without support
   * for excluding multiple arrays or iteratee shorthands.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
   * @param {Array} values The values to exclude.
   * @param {Function} [iteratee] The iteratee invoked per element.
   * @param {Function} [comparator] The comparator invoked per element.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of filtered values.
   */
  function baseDifference(array, values, iteratee, comparator) {
    var index = -1,
        includes = arrayIncludes,
        isCommon = true,
        length = array.length,
        result = [],
        valuesLength = values.length;

    if (!length) {
      return result;
    }
    if (iteratee) {
      values = arrayMap(values, baseUnary(iteratee));
    }
    if (comparator) {
      includes = arrayIncludesWith;
      isCommon = false;
    }
    else if (values.length >= LARGE_ARRAY_SIZE) {
      includes = cacheHas;
      isCommon = false;
      values = new SetCache(values);
    }
    outer:
    while (++index < length) {
      var value = array[index],
          computed = iteratee ? iteratee(value) : value;

      value = (comparator || value !== 0) ? value : 0;
      if (isCommon && computed === computed) {
        var valuesIndex = valuesLength;
        while (valuesIndex--) {
          if (values[valuesIndex] === computed) {
            continue outer;
          }
        }
        result.push(value);
      }
      else if (!includes(values, computed, comparator)) {
        result.push(value);
      }
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.forEach` without support for iteratee shorthands.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
   * @returns {Array|Object} Returns `collection`.
   */
  var baseEach = createBaseEach(baseForOwn);

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.every` without support for iteratee shorthands.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if all elements pass the predicate check,
   *  else `false`
   */
  function baseEvery(collection, predicate) {
    var result = true;
    baseEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
      result = !!predicate(value, index, collection);
      return result;
    });
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.filter` without support for iteratee shorthands.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the new filtered array.
   */
  function baseFilter(collection, predicate) {
    var result = [];
    baseEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
      if (predicate(value, index, collection)) {
        result.push(value);
      }
    });
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.flatten` with support for restricting flattening.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The array to flatten.
   * @param {number} depth The maximum recursion depth.
   * @param {boolean} [predicate=isFlattenable] The function invoked per iteration.
   * @param {boolean} [isStrict] Restrict to values that pass `predicate` checks.
   * @param {Array} [result=[]] The initial result value.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the new flattened array.
   */
  function baseFlatten(array, depth, predicate, isStrict, result) {
    var index = -1,
        length = array.length;

    predicate || (predicate = isFlattenable);
    result || (result = []);

    while (++index < length) {
      var value = array[index];
      if (depth > 0 && predicate(value)) {
        if (depth > 1) {
          // Recursively flatten arrays (susceptible to call stack limits).
          baseFlatten(value, depth - 1, predicate, isStrict, result);
        } else {
          arrayPush(result, value);
        }
      } else if (!isStrict) {
        result[result.length] = value;
      }
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `baseForOwn` which iterates over `object`
   * properties returned by `keysFunc` and invokes `iteratee` for each property.
   * Iteratee functions may exit iteration early by explicitly returning `false`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
   * @param {Function} keysFunc The function to get the keys of `object`.
   * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
   */
  var baseFor = createBaseFor();

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.forOwn` without support for iteratee shorthands.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
   * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
   */
  function baseForOwn(object, iteratee) {
    return object && baseFor(object, iteratee, keys);
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.functions` which creates an array of
   * `object` function property names filtered from `props`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
   * @param {Array} props The property names to filter.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the function names.
   */
  function baseFunctions(object, props) {
    return arrayFilter(props, function(key) {
      return isFunction(object[key]);
    });
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.get` without support for default values.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The object to query.
   * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to get.
   * @returns {*} Returns the resolved value.
   */
  function baseGet(object, path) {
    path = isKey(path, object) ? [path] : castPath(path);

    var index = 0,
        length = path.length;

    while (object != null && index < length) {
      object = object[toKey(path[index++])];
    }
    return (index && index == length) ? object : undefined;
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `getAllKeys` and `getAllKeysIn` which uses
   * `keysFunc` and `symbolsFunc` to get the enumerable property names and
   * symbols of `object`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The object to query.
   * @param {Function} keysFunc The function to get the keys of `object`.
   * @param {Function} symbolsFunc The function to get the symbols of `object`.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property names and symbols.
   */
  function baseGetAllKeys(object, keysFunc, symbolsFunc) {
    var result = keysFunc(object);
    return isArray(object) ? result : arrayPush(result, symbolsFunc(object));
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.has` without support for deep paths.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The object to query.
   * @param {Array|string} key The key to check.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `key` exists, else `false`.
   */
  function baseHas(object, key) {
    // Avoid a bug in IE 10-11 where objects with a [[Prototype]] of `null`,
    // that are composed entirely of index properties, return `false` for
    // `hasOwnProperty` checks of them.
    return hasOwnProperty.call(object, key) ||
      (typeof object == 'object' && key in object && getPrototype(object) === null);
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.hasIn` without support for deep paths.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The object to query.
   * @param {Array|string} key The key to check.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `key` exists, else `false`.
   */
  function baseHasIn(object, key) {
    return key in Object(object);
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of methods like `_.intersection`, without support
   * for iteratee shorthands, that accepts an array of arrays to inspect.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} arrays The arrays to inspect.
   * @param {Function} [iteratee] The iteratee invoked per element.
   * @param {Function} [comparator] The comparator invoked per element.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of shared values.
   */
  function baseIntersection(arrays, iteratee, comparator) {
    var includes = comparator ? arrayIncludesWith : arrayIncludes,
        length = arrays[0].length,
        othLength = arrays.length,
        othIndex = othLength,
        caches = Array(othLength),
        maxLength = Infinity,
        result = [];

    while (othIndex--) {
      var array = arrays[othIndex];
      if (othIndex && iteratee) {
        array = arrayMap(array, baseUnary(iteratee));
      }
      maxLength = nativeMin(array.length, maxLength);
      caches[othIndex] = !comparator && (iteratee || (length >= 120 && array.length >= 120))
        ? new SetCache(othIndex && array)
        : undefined;
    }
    array = arrays[0];

    var index = -1,
        seen = caches[0];

    outer:
    while (++index < length && result.length < maxLength) {
      var value = array[index],
          computed = iteratee ? iteratee(value) : value;

      value = (comparator || value !== 0) ? value : 0;
      if (!(seen
            ? cacheHas(seen, computed)
            : includes(result, computed, comparator)
          )) {
        othIndex = othLength;
        while (--othIndex) {
          var cache = caches[othIndex];
          if (!(cache
                ? cacheHas(cache, computed)
                : includes(arrays[othIndex], computed, comparator))
              ) {
            continue outer;
          }
        }
        if (seen) {
          seen.push(computed);
        }
        result.push(value);
      }
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.invoke` without support for individual
   * method arguments.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The object to query.
   * @param {Array|string} path The path of the method to invoke.
   * @param {Array} args The arguments to invoke the method with.
   * @returns {*} Returns the result of the invoked method.
   */
  function baseInvoke(object, path, args) {
    if (!isKey(path, object)) {
      path = castPath(path);
      object = parent(object, path);
      path = last(path);
    }
    var func = object == null ? object : object[toKey(path)];
    return func == null ? undefined : apply(func, object, args);
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.isEqual` which supports partial comparisons
   * and tracks traversed objects.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {*} value The value to compare.
   * @param {*} other The other value to compare.
   * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize comparisons.
   * @param {boolean} [bitmask] The bitmask of comparison flags.
   *  The bitmask may be composed of the following flags:
   *     1 - Unordered comparison
   *     2 - Partial comparison
   * @param {Object} [stack] Tracks traversed `value` and `other` objects.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the values are equivalent, else `false`.
   */
  function baseIsEqual(value, other, customizer, bitmask, stack) {
    if (value === other) {
      return true;
    }
    if (value == null || other == null || (!isObject(value) && !isObjectLike(other))) {
      return value !== value && other !== other;
    }
    return baseIsEqualDeep(value, other, baseIsEqual, customizer, bitmask, stack);
  }

  /**
   * A specialized version of `baseIsEqual` for arrays and objects which performs
   * deep comparisons and tracks traversed objects enabling objects with circular
   * references to be compared.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The object to compare.
   * @param {Object} other The other object to compare.
   * @param {Function} equalFunc The function to determine equivalents of values.
   * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize comparisons.
   * @param {number} [bitmask] The bitmask of comparison flags. See `baseIsEqual`
   *  for more details.
   * @param {Object} [stack] Tracks traversed `object` and `other` objects.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the objects are equivalent, else `false`.
   */
  function baseIsEqualDeep(object, other, equalFunc, customizer, bitmask, stack) {
    var objIsArr = isArray(object),
        othIsArr = isArray(other),
        objTag = arrayTag,
        othTag = arrayTag;

    if (!objIsArr) {
      objTag = getTag(object);
      objTag = objTag == argsTag ? objectTag : objTag;
    }
    if (!othIsArr) {
      othTag = getTag(other);
      othTag = othTag == argsTag ? objectTag : othTag;
    }
    var objIsObj = objTag == objectTag && !isHostObject(object),
        othIsObj = othTag == objectTag && !isHostObject(other),
        isSameTag = objTag == othTag;

    if (isSameTag && !objIsObj) {
      stack || (stack = new Stack);
      return (objIsArr || isTypedArray(object))
        ? equalArrays(object, other, equalFunc, customizer, bitmask, stack)
        : equalByTag(object, other, objTag, equalFunc, customizer, bitmask, stack);
    }
    if (!(bitmask & PARTIAL_COMPARE_FLAG)) {
      var objIsWrapped = objIsObj && hasOwnProperty.call(object, '__wrapped__'),
          othIsWrapped = othIsObj && hasOwnProperty.call(other, '__wrapped__');

      if (objIsWrapped || othIsWrapped) {
        var objUnwrapped = objIsWrapped ? object.value() : object,
            othUnwrapped = othIsWrapped ? other.value() : other;

        stack || (stack = new Stack);
        return equalFunc(objUnwrapped, othUnwrapped, customizer, bitmask, stack);
      }
    }
    if (!isSameTag) {
      return false;
    }
    stack || (stack = new Stack);
    return equalObjects(object, other, equalFunc, customizer, bitmask, stack);
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.isMatch` without support for iteratee shorthands.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
   * @param {Object} source The object of property values to match.
   * @param {Array} matchData The property names, values, and compare flags to match.
   * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize comparisons.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `object` is a match, else `false`.
   */
  function baseIsMatch(object, source, matchData, customizer) {
    var index = matchData.length,
        length = index,
        noCustomizer = !customizer;

    if (object == null) {
      return !length;
    }
    object = Object(object);
    while (index--) {
      var data = matchData[index];
      if ((noCustomizer && data[2])
            ? data[1] !== object[data[0]]
            : !(data[0] in object)
          ) {
        return false;
      }
    }
    while (++index < length) {
      data = matchData[index];
      var key = data[0],
          objValue = object[key],
          srcValue = data[1];

      if (noCustomizer && data[2]) {
        if (objValue === undefined && !(key in object)) {
          return false;
        }
      } else {
        var stack = new Stack;
        if (customizer) {
          var result = customizer(objValue, srcValue, key, object, source, stack);
        }
        if (!(result === undefined
              ? baseIsEqual(srcValue, objValue, customizer, UNORDERED_COMPARE_FLAG | PARTIAL_COMPARE_FLAG, stack)
              : result
            )) {
          return false;
        }
      }
    }
    return true;
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.iteratee`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {*} [value=_.identity] The value to convert to an iteratee.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the iteratee.
   */
  function baseIteratee(value) {
    // Don't store the `typeof` result in a variable to avoid a JIT bug in Safari 9.
    // See https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=156034 for more details.
    if (typeof value == 'function') {
      return value;
    }
    if (value == null) {
      return identity;
    }
    if (typeof value == 'object') {
      return isArray(value)
        ? baseMatchesProperty(value[0], value[1])
        : baseMatches(value);
    }
    return property(value);
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.keys` which doesn't skip the constructor
   * property of prototypes or treat sparse arrays as dense.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The object to query.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property names.
   */
  function baseKeys(object) {
    return nativeKeys(Object(object));
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.keysIn` which doesn't skip the constructor
   * property of prototypes or treat sparse arrays as dense.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The object to query.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property names.
   */
  function baseKeysIn(object) {
    object = object == null ? object : Object(object);

    var result = [];
    for (var key in object) {
      result.push(key);
    }
    return result;
  }

  // Fallback for IE < 9 with es6-shim.
  if (enumerate && !propertyIsEnumerable.call({ 'valueOf': 1 }, 'valueOf')) {
    baseKeysIn = function(object) {
      return iteratorToArray(enumerate(object));
    };
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.map` without support for iteratee shorthands.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the new mapped array.
   */
  function baseMap(collection, iteratee) {
    var index = -1,
        result = isArrayLike(collection) ? Array(collection.length) : [];

    baseEach(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
      result[++index] = iteratee(value, key, collection);
    });
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.matches` which doesn't clone `source`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} source The object of property values to match.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new spec function.
   */
  function baseMatches(source) {
    var matchData = getMatchData(source);
    if (matchData.length == 1 && matchData[0][2]) {
      return matchesStrictComparable(matchData[0][0], matchData[0][1]);
    }
    return function(object) {
      return object === source || baseIsMatch(object, source, matchData);
    };
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.matchesProperty` which doesn't clone `srcValue`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {string} path The path of the property to get.
   * @param {*} srcValue The value to match.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new spec function.
   */
  function baseMatchesProperty(path, srcValue) {
    if (isKey(path) && isStrictComparable(srcValue)) {
      return matchesStrictComparable(toKey(path), srcValue);
    }
    return function(object) {
      var objValue = get(object, path);
      return (objValue === undefined && objValue === srcValue)
        ? hasIn(object, path)
        : baseIsEqual(srcValue, objValue, undefined, UNORDERED_COMPARE_FLAG | PARTIAL_COMPARE_FLAG);
    };
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.merge` without support for multiple sources.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The destination object.
   * @param {Object} source The source object.
   * @param {number} srcIndex The index of `source`.
   * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize merged values.
   * @param {Object} [stack] Tracks traversed source values and their merged
   *  counterparts.
   */
  function baseMerge(object, source, srcIndex, customizer, stack) {
    if (object === source) {
      return;
    }
    if (!(isArray(source) || isTypedArray(source))) {
      var props = keysIn(source);
    }
    arrayEach(props || source, function(srcValue, key) {
      if (props) {
        key = srcValue;
        srcValue = source[key];
      }
      if (isObject(srcValue)) {
        stack || (stack = new Stack);
        baseMergeDeep(object, source, key, srcIndex, baseMerge, customizer, stack);
      }
      else {
        var newValue = customizer
          ? customizer(object[key], srcValue, (key + ''), object, source, stack)
          : undefined;

        if (newValue === undefined) {
          newValue = srcValue;
        }
        assignMergeValue(object, key, newValue);
      }
    });
  }

  /**
   * A specialized version of `baseMerge` for arrays and objects which performs
   * deep merges and tracks traversed objects enabling objects with circular
   * references to be merged.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The destination object.
   * @param {Object} source The source object.
   * @param {string} key The key of the value to merge.
   * @param {number} srcIndex The index of `source`.
   * @param {Function} mergeFunc The function to merge values.
   * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize assigned values.
   * @param {Object} [stack] Tracks traversed source values and their merged
   *  counterparts.
   */
  function baseMergeDeep(object, source, key, srcIndex, mergeFunc, customizer, stack) {
    var objValue = object[key],
        srcValue = source[key],
        stacked = stack.get(srcValue);

    if (stacked) {
      assignMergeValue(object, key, stacked);
      return;
    }
    var newValue = customizer
      ? customizer(objValue, srcValue, (key + ''), object, source, stack)
      : undefined;

    var isCommon = newValue === undefined;

    if (isCommon) {
      newValue = srcValue;
      if (isArray(srcValue) || isTypedArray(srcValue)) {
        if (isArray(objValue)) {
          newValue = objValue;
        }
        else if (isArrayLikeObject(objValue)) {
          newValue = copyArray(objValue);
        }
        else {
          isCommon = false;
          newValue = baseClone(srcValue, true);
        }
      }
      else if (isPlainObject(srcValue) || isArguments(srcValue)) {
        if (isArguments(objValue)) {
          newValue = toPlainObject(objValue);
        }
        else if (!isObject(objValue) || (srcIndex && isFunction(objValue))) {
          isCommon = false;
          newValue = baseClone(srcValue, true);
        }
        else {
          newValue = objValue;
        }
      }
      else {
        isCommon = false;
      }
    }
    stack.set(srcValue, newValue);

    if (isCommon) {
      // Recursively merge objects and arrays (susceptible to call stack limits).
      mergeFunc(newValue, srcValue, srcIndex, customizer, stack);
    }
    stack['delete'](srcValue);
    assignMergeValue(object, key, newValue);
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.pick` without support for individual
   * property identifiers.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The source object.
   * @param {string[]} props The property identifiers to pick.
   * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
   */
  function basePick(object, props) {
    object = Object(object);
    return arrayReduce(props, function(result, key) {
      if (key in object) {
        result[key] = object[key];
      }
      return result;
    }, {});
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.property` without support for deep paths.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {string} key The key of the property to get.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new accessor function.
   */
  function baseProperty(key) {
    return function(object) {
      return object == null ? undefined : object[key];
    };
  }

  /**
   * A specialized version of `baseProperty` which supports deep paths.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to get.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new accessor function.
   */
  function basePropertyDeep(path) {
    return function(object) {
      return baseGet(object, path);
    };
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `setData` without support for hot loop detection.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Function} func The function to associate metadata with.
   * @param {*} data The metadata.
   * @returns {Function} Returns `func`.
   */
  var baseSetData = !metaMap ? identity : function(func, data) {
    metaMap.set(func, data);
    return func;
  };

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.slice` without an iteratee call guard.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The array to slice.
   * @param {number} [start=0] The start position.
   * @param {number} [end=array.length] The end position.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
   */
  function baseSlice(array, start, end) {
    var index = -1,
        length = array.length;

    if (start < 0) {
      start = -start > length ? 0 : (length + start);
    }
    end = end > length ? length : end;
    if (end < 0) {
      end += length;
    }
    length = start > end ? 0 : ((end - start) >>> 0);
    start >>>= 0;

    var result = Array(length);
    while (++index < length) {
      result[index] = array[index + start];
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.some` without support for iteratee shorthands.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if any element passes the predicate check,
   *  else `false`.
   */
  function baseSome(collection, predicate) {
    var result;

    baseEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
      result = predicate(value, index, collection);
      return !result;
    });
    return !!result;
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.toString` which doesn't convert nullish
   * values to empty strings.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {*} value The value to process.
   * @returns {string} Returns the string.
   */
  function baseToString(value) {
    // Exit early for strings to avoid a performance hit in some environments.
    if (typeof value == 'string') {
      return value;
    }
    if (isSymbol(value)) {
      return symbolToString ? symbolToString.call(value) : '';
    }
    var result = (value + '');
    return (result == '0' && (1 / value) == -INFINITY) ? '-0' : result;
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.uniqBy` without support for iteratee shorthands.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
   * @param {Function} [iteratee] The iteratee invoked per element.
   * @param {Function} [comparator] The comparator invoked per element.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the new duplicate free array.
   */
  function baseUniq(array, iteratee, comparator) {
    var index = -1,
        includes = arrayIncludes,
        length = array.length,
        isCommon = true,
        result = [],
        seen = result;

    if (comparator) {
      isCommon = false;
      includes = arrayIncludesWith;
    }
    else if (length >= LARGE_ARRAY_SIZE) {
      var set = iteratee ? null : createSet(array);
      if (set) {
        return setToArray(set);
      }
      isCommon = false;
      includes = cacheHas;
      seen = new SetCache;
    }
    else {
      seen = iteratee ? [] : result;
    }
    outer:
    while (++index < length) {
      var value = array[index],
          computed = iteratee ? iteratee(value) : value;

      value = (comparator || value !== 0) ? value : 0;
      if (isCommon && computed === computed) {
        var seenIndex = seen.length;
        while (seenIndex--) {
          if (seen[seenIndex] === computed) {
            continue outer;
          }
        }
        if (iteratee) {
          seen.push(computed);
        }
        result.push(value);
      }
      else if (!includes(seen, computed, comparator)) {
        if (seen !== result) {
          seen.push(computed);
        }
        result.push(value);
      }
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `wrapperValue` which returns the result of
   * performing a sequence of actions on the unwrapped `value`, where each
   * successive action is supplied the return value of the previous.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {*} value The unwrapped value.
   * @param {Array} actions Actions to perform to resolve the unwrapped value.
   * @returns {*} Returns the resolved value.
   */
  function baseWrapperValue(value, actions) {
    var result = value;
    if (result instanceof LazyWrapper) {
      result = result.value();
    }
    return arrayReduce(actions, function(result, action) {
      return action.func.apply(action.thisArg, arrayPush([result], action.args));
    }, result);
  }

  /**
   * Casts `value` to an empty array if it's not an array like object.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {*} value The value to inspect.
   * @returns {Array|Object} Returns the cast array-like object.
   */
  function castArrayLikeObject(value) {
    return isArrayLikeObject(value) ? value : [];
  }

  /**
   * Casts `value` to a path array if it's not one.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {*} value The value to inspect.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the cast property path array.
   */
  function castPath(value) {
    return isArray(value) ? value : stringToPath(value);
  }

  /**
   * Creates a clone of  `buffer`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Buffer} buffer The buffer to clone.
   * @param {boolean} [isDeep] Specify a deep clone.
   * @returns {Buffer} Returns the cloned buffer.
   */
  function cloneBuffer(buffer, isDeep) {
    if (isDeep) {
      return buffer.slice();
    }
    var result = new buffer.constructor(buffer.length);
    buffer.copy(result);
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Creates a clone of `arrayBuffer`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {ArrayBuffer} arrayBuffer The array buffer to clone.
   * @returns {ArrayBuffer} Returns the cloned array buffer.
   */
  function cloneArrayBuffer(arrayBuffer) {
    var result = new arrayBuffer.constructor(arrayBuffer.byteLength);
    new Uint8Array(result).set(new Uint8Array(arrayBuffer));
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Creates a clone of `dataView`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} dataView The data view to clone.
   * @param {boolean} [isDeep] Specify a deep clone.
   * @returns {Object} Returns the cloned data view.
   */
  function cloneDataView(dataView, isDeep) {
    var buffer = isDeep ? cloneArrayBuffer(dataView.buffer) : dataView.buffer;
    return new dataView.constructor(buffer, dataView.byteOffset, dataView.byteLength);
  }

  /**
   * Creates a clone of `map`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} map The map to clone.
   * @param {Function} cloneFunc The function to clone values.
   * @param {boolean} [isDeep] Specify a deep clone.
   * @returns {Object} Returns the cloned map.
   */
  function cloneMap(map, isDeep, cloneFunc) {
    var array = isDeep ? cloneFunc(mapToArray(map), true) : mapToArray(map);
    return arrayReduce(array, addMapEntry, new map.constructor);
  }

  /**
   * Creates a clone of `regexp`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} regexp The regexp to clone.
   * @returns {Object} Returns the cloned regexp.
   */
  function cloneRegExp(regexp) {
    var result = new regexp.constructor(regexp.source, reFlags.exec(regexp));
    result.lastIndex = regexp.lastIndex;
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Creates a clone of `set`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} set The set to clone.
   * @param {Function} cloneFunc The function to clone values.
   * @param {boolean} [isDeep] Specify a deep clone.
   * @returns {Object} Returns the cloned set.
   */
  function cloneSet(set, isDeep, cloneFunc) {
    var array = isDeep ? cloneFunc(setToArray(set), true) : setToArray(set);
    return arrayReduce(array, addSetEntry, new set.constructor);
  }

  /**
   * Creates a clone of the `symbol` object.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} symbol The symbol object to clone.
   * @returns {Object} Returns the cloned symbol object.
   */
  function cloneSymbol(symbol) {
    return symbolValueOf ? Object(symbolValueOf.call(symbol)) : {};
  }

  /**
   * Creates a clone of `typedArray`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} typedArray The typed array to clone.
   * @param {boolean} [isDeep] Specify a deep clone.
   * @returns {Object} Returns the cloned typed array.
   */
  function cloneTypedArray(typedArray, isDeep) {
    var buffer = isDeep ? cloneArrayBuffer(typedArray.buffer) : typedArray.buffer;
    return new typedArray.constructor(buffer, typedArray.byteOffset, typedArray.length);
  }

  /**
   * Creates an array that is the composition of partially applied arguments,
   * placeholders, and provided arguments into a single array of arguments.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} args The provided arguments.
   * @param {Array} partials The arguments to prepend to those provided.
   * @param {Array} holders The `partials` placeholder indexes.
   * @params {boolean} [isCurried] Specify composing for a curried function.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of composed arguments.
   */
  function composeArgs(args, partials, holders, isCurried) {
    var argsIndex = -1,
        argsLength = args.length,
        holdersLength = holders.length,
        leftIndex = -1,
        leftLength = partials.length,
        rangeLength = nativeMax(argsLength - holdersLength, 0),
        result = Array(leftLength + rangeLength),
        isUncurried = !isCurried;

    while (++leftIndex < leftLength) {
      result[leftIndex] = partials[leftIndex];
    }
    while (++argsIndex < holdersLength) {
      if (isUncurried || argsIndex < argsLength) {
        result[holders[argsIndex]] = args[argsIndex];
      }
    }
    while (rangeLength--) {
      result[leftIndex++] = args[argsIndex++];
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * This function is like `composeArgs` except that the arguments composition
   * is tailored for `_.partialRight`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} args The provided arguments.
   * @param {Array} partials The arguments to append to those provided.
   * @param {Array} holders The `partials` placeholder indexes.
   * @params {boolean} [isCurried] Specify composing for a curried function.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of composed arguments.
   */
  function composeArgsRight(args, partials, holders, isCurried) {
    var argsIndex = -1,
        argsLength = args.length,
        holdersIndex = -1,
        holdersLength = holders.length,
        rightIndex = -1,
        rightLength = partials.length,
        rangeLength = nativeMax(argsLength - holdersLength, 0),
        result = Array(rangeLength + rightLength),
        isUncurried = !isCurried;

    while (++argsIndex < rangeLength) {
      result[argsIndex] = args[argsIndex];
    }
    var offset = argsIndex;
    while (++rightIndex < rightLength) {
      result[offset + rightIndex] = partials[rightIndex];
    }
    while (++holdersIndex < holdersLength) {
      if (isUncurried || argsIndex < argsLength) {
        result[offset + holders[holdersIndex]] = args[argsIndex++];
      }
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Copies the values of `source` to `array`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} source The array to copy values from.
   * @param {Array} [array=[]] The array to copy values to.
   * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
   */
  function copyArray(source, array) {
    var index = -1,
        length = source.length;

    array || (array = Array(length));
    while (++index < length) {
      array[index] = source[index];
    }
    return array;
  }

  /**
   * Copies properties of `source` to `object`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} source The object to copy properties from.
   * @param {Array} props The property identifiers to copy.
   * @param {Object} [object={}] The object to copy properties to.
   * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize copied values.
   * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
   */
  function copyObject(source, props, object, customizer) {
    object || (object = {});

    var index = -1,
        length = props.length;

    while (++index < length) {
      var key = props[index];

      var newValue = customizer
        ? customizer(object[key], source[key], key, object, source)
        : source[key];

      assignValue(object, key, newValue);
    }
    return object;
  }

  /**
   * Copies own symbol properties of `source` to `object`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} source The object to copy symbols from.
   * @param {Object} [object={}] The object to copy symbols to.
   * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
   */
  function copySymbols(source, object) {
    return copyObject(source, getSymbols(source), object);
  }

  /**
   * Creates a function like `_.groupBy`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Function} setter The function to set accumulator values.
   * @param {Function} [initializer] The accumulator object initializer.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new aggregator function.
   */
  function createAggregator(setter, initializer) {
    return function(collection, iteratee) {
      var func = isArray(collection) ? arrayAggregator : baseAggregator,
          accumulator = initializer ? initializer() : {};

      return func(collection, setter, getIteratee(iteratee), accumulator);
    };
  }

  /**
   * Creates a function like `_.assign`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Function} assigner The function to assign values.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new assigner function.
   */
  function createAssigner(assigner) {
    return rest(function(object, sources) {
      var index = -1,
          length = sources.length,
          customizer = length > 1 ? sources[length - 1] : undefined,
          guard = length > 2 ? sources[2] : undefined;

      customizer = (assigner.length > 3 && typeof customizer == 'function')
        ? (length--, customizer)
        : undefined;

      if (guard && isIterateeCall(sources[0], sources[1], guard)) {
        customizer = length < 3 ? undefined : customizer;
        length = 1;
      }
      object = Object(object);
      while (++index < length) {
        var source = sources[index];
        if (source) {
          assigner(object, source, index, customizer);
        }
      }
      return object;
    });
  }

  /**
   * Creates a `baseEach` or `baseEachRight` function.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Function} eachFunc The function to iterate over a collection.
   * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new base function.
   */
  function createBaseEach(eachFunc, fromRight) {
    return function(collection, iteratee) {
      if (collection == null) {
        return collection;
      }
      if (!isArrayLike(collection)) {
        return eachFunc(collection, iteratee);
      }
      var length = collection.length,
          index = fromRight ? length : -1,
          iterable = Object(collection);

      while ((fromRight ? index-- : ++index < length)) {
        if (iteratee(iterable[index], index, iterable) === false) {
          break;
        }
      }
      return collection;
    };
  }

  /**
   * Creates a base function for methods like `_.forIn` and `_.forOwn`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new base function.
   */
  function createBaseFor(fromRight) {
    return function(object, iteratee, keysFunc) {
      var index = -1,
          iterable = Object(object),
          props = keysFunc(object),
          length = props.length;

      while (length--) {
        var key = props[fromRight ? length : ++index];
        if (iteratee(iterable[key], key, iterable) === false) {
          break;
        }
      }
      return object;
    };
  }

  /**
   * Creates a function that wraps `func` to invoke it with the optional `this`
   * binding of `thisArg`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Function} func The function to wrap.
   * @param {number} bitmask The bitmask of wrapper flags. See `createWrapper`
   *  for more details.
   * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `func`.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new wrapped function.
   */
  function createBaseWrapper(func, bitmask, thisArg) {
    var isBind = bitmask & BIND_FLAG,
        Ctor = createCtorWrapper(func);

    function wrapper() {
      var fn = (this && this !== root && this instanceof wrapper) ? Ctor : func;
      return fn.apply(isBind ? thisArg : this, arguments);
    }
    return wrapper;
  }

  /**
   * Creates a function that produces an instance of `Ctor` regardless of
   * whether it was invoked as part of a `new` expression or by `call` or `apply`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Function} Ctor The constructor to wrap.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new wrapped function.
   */
  function createCtorWrapper(Ctor) {
    return function() {
      // Use a `switch` statement to work with class constructors. See
      // http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-ecmascript-function-objects-call-thisargument-argumentslist
      // for more details.
      var args = arguments;
      switch (args.length) {
        case 0: return new Ctor;
        case 1: return new Ctor(args[0]);
        case 2: return new Ctor(args[0], args[1]);
        case 3: return new Ctor(args[0], args[1], args[2]);
        case 4: return new Ctor(args[0], args[1], args[2], args[3]);
        case 5: return new Ctor(args[0], args[1], args[2], args[3], args[4]);
        case 6: return new Ctor(args[0], args[1], args[2], args[3], args[4], args[5]);
        case 7: return new Ctor(args[0], args[1], args[2], args[3], args[4], args[5], args[6]);
      }
      var thisBinding = baseCreate(Ctor.prototype),
          result = Ctor.apply(thisBinding, args);

      // Mimic the constructor's `return` behavior.
      // See https://es5.github.io/#x13.2.2 for more details.
      return isObject(result) ? result : thisBinding;
    };
  }

  /**
   * Creates a function that wraps `func` to enable currying.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Function} func The function to wrap.
   * @param {number} bitmask The bitmask of wrapper flags. See `createWrapper`
   *  for more details.
   * @param {number} arity The arity of `func`.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new wrapped function.
   */
  function createCurryWrapper(func, bitmask, arity) {
    var Ctor = createCtorWrapper(func);

    function wrapper() {
      var length = arguments.length,
          args = Array(length),
          index = length,
          placeholder = getHolder(wrapper);

      while (index--) {
        args[index] = arguments[index];
      }
      var holders = (length < 3 && args[0] !== placeholder && args[length - 1] !== placeholder)
        ? []
        : replaceHolders(args, placeholder);

      length -= holders.length;
      if (length < arity) {
        return createRecurryWrapper(
          func, bitmask, createHybridWrapper, wrapper.placeholder, undefined,
          args, holders, undefined, undefined, arity - length);
      }
      var fn = (this && this !== root && this instanceof wrapper) ? Ctor : func;
      return apply(fn, this, args);
    }
    return wrapper;
  }

  /**
   * Creates a function that wraps `func` to invoke it with optional `this`
   * binding of `thisArg`, partial application, and currying.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Function|string} func The function or method name to wrap.
   * @param {number} bitmask The bitmask of wrapper flags. See `createWrapper`
   *  for more details.
   * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `func`.
   * @param {Array} [partials] The arguments to prepend to those provided to
   *  the new function.
   * @param {Array} [holders] The `partials` placeholder indexes.
   * @param {Array} [partialsRight] The arguments to append to those provided
   *  to the new function.
   * @param {Array} [holdersRight] The `partialsRight` placeholder indexes.
   * @param {Array} [argPos] The argument positions of the new function.
   * @param {number} [ary] The arity cap of `func`.
   * @param {number} [arity] The arity of `func`.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new wrapped function.
   */
  function createHybridWrapper(func, bitmask, thisArg, partials, holders, partialsRight, holdersRight, argPos, ary, arity) {
    var isAry = bitmask & ARY_FLAG,
        isBind = bitmask & BIND_FLAG,
        isBindKey = bitmask & BIND_KEY_FLAG,
        isCurried = bitmask & (CURRY_FLAG | CURRY_RIGHT_FLAG),
        isFlip = bitmask & FLIP_FLAG,
        Ctor = isBindKey ? undefined : createCtorWrapper(func);

    function wrapper() {
      var length = arguments.length,
          args = Array(length),
          index = length;

      while (index--) {
        args[index] = arguments[index];
      }
      if (isCurried) {
        var placeholder = getHolder(wrapper),
            holdersCount = countHolders(args, placeholder);
      }
      if (partials) {
        args = composeArgs(args, partials, holders, isCurried);
      }
      if (partialsRight) {
        args = composeArgsRight(args, partialsRight, holdersRight, isCurried);
      }
      length -= holdersCount;
      if (isCurried && length < arity) {
        var newHolders = replaceHolders(args, placeholder);
        return createRecurryWrapper(
          func, bitmask, createHybridWrapper, wrapper.placeholder, thisArg,
          args, newHolders, argPos, ary, arity - length
        );
      }
      var thisBinding = isBind ? thisArg : this,
          fn = isBindKey ? thisBinding[func] : func;

      length = args.length;
      if (argPos) {
        args = reorder(args, argPos);
      } else if (isFlip && length > 1) {
        args.reverse();
      }
      if (isAry && ary < length) {
        args.length = ary;
      }
      if (this && this !== root && this instanceof wrapper) {
        fn = Ctor || createCtorWrapper(fn);
      }
      return fn.apply(thisBinding, args);
    }
    return wrapper;
  }

  /**
   * Creates a function that wraps `func` to invoke it with the `this` binding
   * of `thisArg` and `partials` prepended to the arguments it receives.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Function} func The function to wrap.
   * @param {number} bitmask The bitmask of wrapper flags. See `createWrapper`
   *  for more details.
   * @param {*} thisArg The `this` binding of `func`.
   * @param {Array} partials The arguments to prepend to those provided to
   *  the new function.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new wrapped function.
   */
  function createPartialWrapper(func, bitmask, thisArg, partials) {
    var isBind = bitmask & BIND_FLAG,
        Ctor = createCtorWrapper(func);

    function wrapper() {
      var argsIndex = -1,
          argsLength = arguments.length,
          leftIndex = -1,
          leftLength = partials.length,
          args = Array(leftLength + argsLength),
          fn = (this && this !== root && this instanceof wrapper) ? Ctor : func;

      while (++leftIndex < leftLength) {
        args[leftIndex] = partials[leftIndex];
      }
      while (argsLength--) {
        args[leftIndex++] = arguments[++argsIndex];
      }
      return apply(fn, isBind ? thisArg : this, args);
    }
    return wrapper;
  }

  /**
   * Creates a function that wraps `func` to continue currying.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Function} func The function to wrap.
   * @param {number} bitmask The bitmask of wrapper flags. See `createWrapper`
   *  for more details.
   * @param {Function} wrapFunc The function to create the `func` wrapper.
   * @param {*} placeholder The placeholder value.
   * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `func`.
   * @param {Array} [partials] The arguments to prepend to those provided to
   *  the new function.
   * @param {Array} [holders] The `partials` placeholder indexes.
   * @param {Array} [argPos] The argument positions of the new function.
   * @param {number} [ary] The arity cap of `func`.
   * @param {number} [arity] The arity of `func`.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new wrapped function.
   */
  function createRecurryWrapper(func, bitmask, wrapFunc, placeholder, thisArg, partials, holders, argPos, ary, arity) {
    var isCurry = bitmask & CURRY_FLAG,
        newHolders = isCurry ? holders : undefined,
        newHoldersRight = isCurry ? undefined : holders,
        newPartials = isCurry ? partials : undefined,
        newPartialsRight = isCurry ? undefined : partials;

    bitmask |= (isCurry ? PARTIAL_FLAG : PARTIAL_RIGHT_FLAG);
    bitmask &= ~(isCurry ? PARTIAL_RIGHT_FLAG : PARTIAL_FLAG);

    if (!(bitmask & CURRY_BOUND_FLAG)) {
      bitmask &= ~(BIND_FLAG | BIND_KEY_FLAG);
    }
    var newData = [
      func, bitmask, thisArg, newPartials, newHolders, newPartialsRight,
      newHoldersRight, argPos, ary, arity
    ];

    var result = wrapFunc.apply(undefined, newData);
    if (isLaziable(func)) {
      setData(result, newData);
    }
    result.placeholder = placeholder;
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Creates a set of `values`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} values The values to add to the set.
   * @returns {Object} Returns the new set.
   */
  var createSet = !(Set && (1 / setToArray(new Set([,-0]))[1]) == INFINITY) ? noop : function(values) {
    return new Set(values);
  };

  /**
   * Creates a `_.toPairs` or `_.toPairsIn` function.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Function} keysFunc The function to get the keys of a given object.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new pairs function.
   */
  function createToPairs(keysFunc) {
    return function(object) {
      var tag = getTag(object);
      if (tag == mapTag) {
        return mapToArray(object);
      }
      if (tag == setTag) {
        return setToPairs(object);
      }
      return baseToPairs(object, keysFunc(object));
    };
  }

  /**
   * Creates a function that either curries or invokes `func` with optional
   * `this` binding and partially applied arguments.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Function|string} func The function or method name to wrap.
   * @param {number} bitmask The bitmask of wrapper flags.
   *  The bitmask may be composed of the following flags:
   *     1 - `_.bind`
   *     2 - `_.bindKey`
   *     4 - `_.curry` or `_.curryRight` of a bound function
   *     8 - `_.curry`
   *    16 - `_.curryRight`
   *    32 - `_.partial`
   *    64 - `_.partialRight`
   *   128 - `_.rearg`
   *   256 - `_.ary`
   *   512 - `_.flip`
   * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `func`.
   * @param {Array} [partials] The arguments to be partially applied.
   * @param {Array} [holders] The `partials` placeholder indexes.
   * @param {Array} [argPos] The argument positions of the new function.
   * @param {number} [ary] The arity cap of `func`.
   * @param {number} [arity] The arity of `func`.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new wrapped function.
   */
  function createWrapper(func, bitmask, thisArg, partials, holders, argPos, ary, arity) {
    var isBindKey = bitmask & BIND_KEY_FLAG;
    if (!isBindKey && typeof func != 'function') {
      throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
    }
    var length = partials ? partials.length : 0;
    if (!length) {
      bitmask &= ~(PARTIAL_FLAG | PARTIAL_RIGHT_FLAG);
      partials = holders = undefined;
    }
    ary = ary === undefined ? ary : nativeMax(toInteger(ary), 0);
    arity = arity === undefined ? arity : toInteger(arity);
    length -= holders ? holders.length : 0;

    if (bitmask & PARTIAL_RIGHT_FLAG) {
      var partialsRight = partials,
          holdersRight = holders;

      partials = holders = undefined;
    }
    var data = isBindKey ? undefined : getData(func);

    var newData = [
      func, bitmask, thisArg, partials, holders, partialsRight, holdersRight,
      argPos, ary, arity
    ];

    if (data) {
      mergeData(newData, data);
    }
    func = newData[0];
    bitmask = newData[1];
    thisArg = newData[2];
    partials = newData[3];
    holders = newData[4];
    arity = newData[9] = newData[9] == null
      ? (isBindKey ? 0 : func.length)
      : nativeMax(newData[9] - length, 0);

    if (!arity && bitmask & (CURRY_FLAG | CURRY_RIGHT_FLAG)) {
      bitmask &= ~(CURRY_FLAG | CURRY_RIGHT_FLAG);
    }
    if (!bitmask || bitmask == BIND_FLAG) {
      var result = createBaseWrapper(func, bitmask, thisArg);
    } else if (bitmask == CURRY_FLAG || bitmask == CURRY_RIGHT_FLAG) {
      result = createCurryWrapper(func, bitmask, arity);
    } else if ((bitmask == PARTIAL_FLAG || bitmask == (BIND_FLAG | PARTIAL_FLAG)) && !holders.length) {
      result = createPartialWrapper(func, bitmask, thisArg, partials);
    } else {
      result = createHybridWrapper.apply(undefined, newData);
    }
    var setter = data ? baseSetData : setData;
    return setter(result, newData);
  }

  /**
   * A specialized version of `baseIsEqualDeep` for arrays with support for
   * partial deep comparisons.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The array to compare.
   * @param {Array} other The other array to compare.
   * @param {Function} equalFunc The function to determine equivalents of values.
   * @param {Function} customizer The function to customize comparisons.
   * @param {number} bitmask The bitmask of comparison flags. See `baseIsEqual`
   *  for more details.
   * @param {Object} stack Tracks traversed `array` and `other` objects.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the arrays are equivalent, else `false`.
   */
  function equalArrays(array, other, equalFunc, customizer, bitmask, stack) {
    var isPartial = bitmask & PARTIAL_COMPARE_FLAG,
        arrLength = array.length,
        othLength = other.length;

    if (arrLength != othLength && !(isPartial && othLength > arrLength)) {
      return false;
    }
    // Assume cyclic values are equal.
    var stacked = stack.get(array);
    if (stacked) {
      return stacked == other;
    }
    var index = -1,
        result = true,
        seen = (bitmask & UNORDERED_COMPARE_FLAG) ? new SetCache : undefined;

    stack.set(array, other);

    // Ignore non-index properties.
    while (++index < arrLength) {
      var arrValue = array[index],
          othValue = other[index];

      if (customizer) {
        var compared = isPartial
          ? customizer(othValue, arrValue, index, other, array, stack)
          : customizer(arrValue, othValue, index, array, other, stack);
      }
      if (compared !== undefined) {
        if (compared) {
          continue;
        }
        result = false;
        break;
      }
      // Recursively compare arrays (susceptible to call stack limits).
      if (seen) {
        if (!arraySome(other, function(othValue, othIndex) {
              if (!seen.has(othIndex) &&
                  (arrValue === othValue || equalFunc(arrValue, othValue, customizer, bitmask, stack))) {
                return seen.add(othIndex);
              }
            })) {
          result = false;
          break;
        }
      } else if (!(
            arrValue === othValue ||
              equalFunc(arrValue, othValue, customizer, bitmask, stack)
          )) {
        result = false;
        break;
      }
    }
    stack['delete'](array);
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * A specialized version of `baseIsEqualDeep` for comparing objects of
   * the same `toStringTag`.
   *
   * **Note:** This function only supports comparing values with tags of
   * `Boolean`, `Date`, `Error`, `Number`, `RegExp`, or `String`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The object to compare.
   * @param {Object} other The other object to compare.
   * @param {string} tag The `toStringTag` of the objects to compare.
   * @param {Function} equalFunc The function to determine equivalents of values.
   * @param {Function} customizer The function to customize comparisons.
   * @param {number} bitmask The bitmask of comparison flags. See `baseIsEqual`
   *  for more details.
   * @param {Object} stack Tracks traversed `object` and `other` objects.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the objects are equivalent, else `false`.
   */
  function equalByTag(object, other, tag, equalFunc, customizer, bitmask, stack) {
    switch (tag) {
      case dataViewTag:
        if ((object.byteLength != other.byteLength) ||
            (object.byteOffset != other.byteOffset)) {
          return false;
        }
        object = object.buffer;
        other = other.buffer;

      case arrayBufferTag:
        if ((object.byteLength != other.byteLength) ||
            !equalFunc(new Uint8Array(object), new Uint8Array(other))) {
          return false;
        }
        return true;

      case boolTag:
      case dateTag:
        // Coerce dates and booleans to numbers, dates to milliseconds and
        // booleans to `1` or `0` treating invalid dates coerced to `NaN` as
        // not equal.
        return +object == +other;

      case errorTag:
        return object.name == other.name && object.message == other.message;

      case numberTag:
        // Treat `NaN` vs. `NaN` as equal.
        return (object != +object) ? other != +other : object == +other;

      case regexpTag:
      case stringTag:
        // Coerce regexes to strings and treat strings, primitives and objects,
        // as equal. See http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-regexp.prototype.tostring
        // for more details.
        return object == (other + '');

      case mapTag:
        var convert = mapToArray;

      case setTag:
        var isPartial = bitmask & PARTIAL_COMPARE_FLAG;
        convert || (convert = setToArray);

        if (object.size != other.size && !isPartial) {
          return false;
        }
        // Assume cyclic values are equal.
        var stacked = stack.get(object);
        if (stacked) {
          return stacked == other;
        }
        bitmask |= UNORDERED_COMPARE_FLAG;
        stack.set(object, other);

        // Recursively compare objects (susceptible to call stack limits).
        return equalArrays(convert(object), convert(other), equalFunc, customizer, bitmask, stack);

      case symbolTag:
        if (symbolValueOf) {
          return symbolValueOf.call(object) == symbolValueOf.call(other);
        }
    }
    return false;
  }

  /**
   * A specialized version of `baseIsEqualDeep` for objects with support for
   * partial deep comparisons.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The object to compare.
   * @param {Object} other The other object to compare.
   * @param {Function} equalFunc The function to determine equivalents of values.
   * @param {Function} customizer The function to customize comparisons.
   * @param {number} bitmask The bitmask of comparison flags. See `baseIsEqual`
   *  for more details.
   * @param {Object} stack Tracks traversed `object` and `other` objects.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the objects are equivalent, else `false`.
   */
  function equalObjects(object, other, equalFunc, customizer, bitmask, stack) {
    var isPartial = bitmask & PARTIAL_COMPARE_FLAG,
        objProps = keys(object),
        objLength = objProps.length,
        othProps = keys(other),
        othLength = othProps.length;

    if (objLength != othLength && !isPartial) {
      return false;
    }
    var index = objLength;
    while (index--) {
      var key = objProps[index];
      if (!(isPartial ? key in other : baseHas(other, key))) {
        return false;
      }
    }
    // Assume cyclic values are equal.
    var stacked = stack.get(object);
    if (stacked) {
      return stacked == other;
    }
    var result = true;
    stack.set(object, other);

    var skipCtor = isPartial;
    while (++index < objLength) {
      key = objProps[index];
      var objValue = object[key],
          othValue = other[key];

      if (customizer) {
        var compared = isPartial
          ? customizer(othValue, objValue, key, other, object, stack)
          : customizer(objValue, othValue, key, object, other, stack);
      }
      // Recursively compare objects (susceptible to call stack limits).
      if (!(compared === undefined
            ? (objValue === othValue || equalFunc(objValue, othValue, customizer, bitmask, stack))
            : compared
          )) {
        result = false;
        break;
      }
      skipCtor || (skipCtor = key == 'constructor');
    }
    if (result && !skipCtor) {
      var objCtor = object.constructor,
          othCtor = other.constructor;

      // Non `Object` object instances with different constructors are not equal.
      if (objCtor != othCtor &&
          ('constructor' in object && 'constructor' in other) &&
          !(typeof objCtor == 'function' && objCtor instanceof objCtor &&
            typeof othCtor == 'function' && othCtor instanceof othCtor)) {
        result = false;
      }
    }
    stack['delete'](object);
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Creates an array of own enumerable property names and symbols of `object`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The object to query.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property names and symbols.
   */
  function getAllKeys(object) {
    return baseGetAllKeys(object, keys, getSymbols);
  }

  /**
   * Creates an array of own and inherited enumerable property names and
   * symbols of `object`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The object to query.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property names and symbols.
   */
  function getAllKeysIn(object) {
    return baseGetAllKeys(object, keysIn, getSymbolsIn);
  }

  /**
   * Gets metadata for `func`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Function} func The function to query.
   * @returns {*} Returns the metadata for `func`.
   */
  var getData = !metaMap ? noop : function(func) {
    return metaMap.get(func);
  };

  /**
   * Gets the name of `func`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Function} func The function to query.
   * @returns {string} Returns the function name.
   */
  function getFuncName(func) {
    var result = (func.name + ''),
        array = realNames[result],
        length = hasOwnProperty.call(realNames, result) ? array.length : 0;

    while (length--) {
      var data = array[length],
          otherFunc = data.func;
      if (otherFunc == null || otherFunc == func) {
        return data.name;
      }
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Gets the argument placeholder value for `func`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Function} func The function to inspect.
   * @returns {*} Returns the placeholder value.
   */
  function getHolder(func) {
    var object = hasOwnProperty.call(lodash, 'placeholder') ? lodash : func;
    return object.placeholder;
  }

  /**
   * Gets the appropriate "iteratee" function. If `_.iteratee` is customized,
   * this function returns the custom method, otherwise it returns `baseIteratee`.
   * If arguments are provided, the chosen function is invoked with them and
   * its result is returned.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {*} [value] The value to convert to an iteratee.
   * @param {number} [arity] The arity of the created iteratee.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the chosen function or its result.
   */
  function getIteratee() {
    var result = lodash.iteratee || iteratee;
    result = result === iteratee ? baseIteratee : result;
    return arguments.length ? result(arguments[0], arguments[1]) : result;
  }

  /**
   * Gets the "length" property value of `object`.
   *
   * **Note:** This function is used to avoid a
   * [JIT bug](https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=142792) that affects
   * Safari on at least iOS 8.1-8.3 ARM64.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The object to query.
   * @returns {*} Returns the "length" value.
   */
  var getLength = baseProperty('length');

  /**
   * Gets the data for `map`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} map The map to query.
   * @param {string} key The reference key.
   * @returns {*} Returns the map data.
   */
  function getMapData(map, key) {
    var data = map.__data__;
    return isKeyable(key)
      ? data[typeof key == 'string' ? 'string' : 'hash']
      : data.map;
  }

  /**
   * Gets the property names, values, and compare flags of `object`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The object to query.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the match data of `object`.
   */
  function getMatchData(object) {
    var result = toPairs(object),
        length = result.length;

    while (length--) {
      result[length][2] = isStrictComparable(result[length][1]);
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Gets the native function at `key` of `object`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The object to query.
   * @param {string} key The key of the method to get.
   * @returns {*} Returns the function if it's native, else `undefined`.
   */
  function getNative(object, key) {
    var value = object[key];
    return isNative(value) ? value : undefined;
  }

  /**
   * Gets the `[[Prototype]]` of `value`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {*} value The value to query.
   * @returns {null|Object} Returns the `[[Prototype]]`.
   */
  function getPrototype(value) {
    return nativeGetPrototype(Object(value));
  }

  /**
   * Creates an array of the own enumerable symbol properties of `object`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The object to query.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the array of symbols.
   */
  function getSymbols(object) {
    // Coerce `object` to an object to avoid non-object errors in V8.
    // See https://bugs.chromium.org/p/v8/issues/detail?id=3443 for more details.
    return getOwnPropertySymbols(Object(object));
  }

  // Fallback for IE < 11.
  if (!getOwnPropertySymbols) {
    getSymbols = function() {
      return [];
    };
  }

  /**
   * Creates an array of the own and inherited enumerable symbol properties
   * of `object`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The object to query.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the array of symbols.
   */
  var getSymbolsIn = !getOwnPropertySymbols ? getSymbols : function(object) {
    var result = [];
    while (object) {
      arrayPush(result, getSymbols(object));
      object = getPrototype(object);
    }
    return result;
  };

  /**
   * Gets the `toStringTag` of `value`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {*} value The value to query.
   * @returns {string} Returns the `toStringTag`.
   */
  function getTag(value) {
    return objectToString.call(value);
  }

  // Fallback for data views, maps, sets, and weak maps in IE 11,
  // for data views in Edge, and promises in Node.js.
  if ((DataView && getTag(new DataView(new ArrayBuffer(1))) != dataViewTag) ||
      (Map && getTag(new Map) != mapTag) ||
      (Promise && getTag(Promise.resolve()) != promiseTag) ||
      (Set && getTag(new Set) != setTag) ||
      (WeakMap && getTag(new WeakMap) != weakMapTag)) {
    getTag = function(value) {
      var result = objectToString.call(value),
          Ctor = result == objectTag ? value.constructor : undefined,
          ctorString = Ctor ? toSource(Ctor) : undefined;

      if (ctorString) {
        switch (ctorString) {
          case dataViewCtorString: return dataViewTag;
          case mapCtorString: return mapTag;
          case promiseCtorString: return promiseTag;
          case setCtorString: return setTag;
          case weakMapCtorString: return weakMapTag;
        }
      }
      return result;
    };
  }

  /**
   * Gets the view, applying any `transforms` to the `start` and `end` positions.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {number} start The start of the view.
   * @param {number} end The end of the view.
   * @param {Array} transforms The transformations to apply to the view.
   * @returns {Object} Returns an object containing the `start` and `end`
   *  positions of the view.
   */
  function getView(start, end, transforms) {
    var index = -1,
        length = transforms.length;

    while (++index < length) {
      var data = transforms[index],
          size = data.size;

      switch (data.type) {
        case 'drop':      start += size; break;
        case 'dropRight': end -= size; break;
        case 'take':      end = nativeMin(end, start + size); break;
        case 'takeRight': start = nativeMax(start, end - size); break;
      }
    }
    return { 'start': start, 'end': end };
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `path` exists on `object`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The object to query.
   * @param {Array|string} path The path to check.
   * @param {Function} hasFunc The function to check properties.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `path` exists, else `false`.
   */
  function hasPath(object, path, hasFunc) {
    path = isKey(path, object) ? [path] : castPath(path);

    var result,
        index = -1,
        length = path.length;

    while (++index < length) {
      var key = toKey(path[index]);
      if (!(result = object != null && hasFunc(object, key))) {
        break;
      }
      object = object[key];
    }
    if (result) {
      return result;
    }
    var length = object ? object.length : 0;
    return !!length && isLength(length) && isIndex(key, length) &&
      (isArray(object) || isString(object) || isArguments(object));
  }

  /**
   * Initializes an array clone.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The array to clone.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the initialized clone.
   */
  function initCloneArray(array) {
    var length = array.length,
        result = array.constructor(length);

    // Add properties assigned by `RegExp#exec`.
    if (length && typeof array[0] == 'string' && hasOwnProperty.call(array, 'index')) {
      result.index = array.index;
      result.input = array.input;
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Initializes an object clone.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The object to clone.
   * @returns {Object} Returns the initialized clone.
   */
  function initCloneObject(object) {
    return (typeof object.constructor == 'function' && !isPrototype(object))
      ? baseCreate(getPrototype(object))
      : {};
  }

  /**
   * Initializes an object clone based on its `toStringTag`.
   *
   * **Note:** This function only supports cloning values with tags of
   * `Boolean`, `Date`, `Error`, `Number`, `RegExp`, or `String`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The object to clone.
   * @param {string} tag The `toStringTag` of the object to clone.
   * @param {Function} cloneFunc The function to clone values.
   * @param {boolean} [isDeep] Specify a deep clone.
   * @returns {Object} Returns the initialized clone.
   */
  function initCloneByTag(object, tag, cloneFunc, isDeep) {
    var Ctor = object.constructor;
    switch (tag) {
      case arrayBufferTag:
        return cloneArrayBuffer(object);

      case boolTag:
      case dateTag:
        return new Ctor(+object);

      case dataViewTag:
        return cloneDataView(object, isDeep);

      case float32Tag: case float64Tag:
      case int8Tag: case int16Tag: case int32Tag:
      case uint8Tag: case uint8ClampedTag: case uint16Tag: case uint32Tag:
        return cloneTypedArray(object, isDeep);

      case mapTag:
        return cloneMap(object, isDeep, cloneFunc);

      case numberTag:
      case stringTag:
        return new Ctor(object);

      case regexpTag:
        return cloneRegExp(object);

      case setTag:
        return cloneSet(object, isDeep, cloneFunc);

      case symbolTag:
        return cloneSymbol(object);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Creates an array of index keys for `object` values of arrays,
   * `arguments` objects, and strings, otherwise `null` is returned.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The object to query.
   * @returns {Array|null} Returns index keys, else `null`.
   */
  function indexKeys(object) {
    var length = object ? object.length : undefined;
    if (isLength(length) &&
        (isArray(object) || isString(object) || isArguments(object))) {
      return baseTimes(length, String);
    }
    return null;
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is a flattenable `arguments` object or array.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {*} value The value to check.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is flattenable, else `false`.
   */
  function isFlattenable(value) {
    return isArray(value) || isArguments(value);
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is a valid array-like index.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {*} value The value to check.
   * @param {number} [length=MAX_SAFE_INTEGER] The upper bounds of a valid index.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a valid index, else `false`.
   */
  function isIndex(value, length) {
    length = length == null ? MAX_SAFE_INTEGER : length;
    return !!length &&
      (typeof value == 'number' || reIsUint.test(value)) &&
      (value > -1 && value % 1 == 0 && value < length);
  }

  /**
   * Checks if the given arguments are from an iteratee call.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {*} value The potential iteratee value argument.
   * @param {*} index The potential iteratee index or key argument.
   * @param {*} object The potential iteratee object argument.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the arguments are from an iteratee call,
   *  else `false`.
   */
  function isIterateeCall(value, index, object) {
    if (!isObject(object)) {
      return false;
    }
    var type = typeof index;
    if (type == 'number'
          ? (isArrayLike(object) && isIndex(index, object.length))
          : (type == 'string' && index in object)
        ) {
      return eq(object[index], value);
    }
    return false;
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is a property name and not a property path.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {*} value The value to check.
   * @param {Object} [object] The object to query keys on.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a property name, else `false`.
   */
  function isKey(value, object) {
    if (isArray(value)) {
      return false;
    }
    var type = typeof value;
    if (type == 'number' || type == 'symbol' || type == 'boolean' ||
        value == null || isSymbol(value)) {
      return true;
    }
    return reIsPlainProp.test(value) || !reIsDeepProp.test(value) ||
      (object != null && value in Object(object));
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is suitable for use as unique object key.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {*} value The value to check.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is suitable, else `false`.
   */
  function isKeyable(value) {
    var type = typeof value;
    return (type == 'string' || type == 'number' || type == 'symbol' || type == 'boolean')
      ? (value !== '__proto__')
      : (value === null);
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `func` has a lazy counterpart.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Function} func The function to check.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `func` has a lazy counterpart,
   *  else `false`.
   */
  function isLaziable(func) {
    var funcName = getFuncName(func),
        other = lodash[funcName];

    if (typeof other != 'function' || !(funcName in LazyWrapper.prototype)) {
      return false;
    }
    if (func === other) {
      return true;
    }
    var data = getData(other);
    return !!data && func === data[0];
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is likely a prototype object.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {*} value The value to check.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a prototype, else `false`.
   */
  function isPrototype(value) {
    var Ctor = value && value.constructor,
        proto = (typeof Ctor == 'function' && Ctor.prototype) || objectProto;

    return value === proto;
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is suitable for strict equality comparisons, i.e. `===`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {*} value The value to check.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` if suitable for strict
   *  equality comparisons, else `false`.
   */
  function isStrictComparable(value) {
    return value === value && !isObject(value);
  }

  /**
   * A specialized version of `matchesProperty` for source values suitable
   * for strict equality comparisons, i.e. `===`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {string} key The key of the property to get.
   * @param {*} srcValue The value to match.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new spec function.
   */
  function matchesStrictComparable(key, srcValue) {
    return function(object) {
      if (object == null) {
        return false;
      }
      return object[key] === srcValue &&
        (srcValue !== undefined || (key in Object(object)));
    };
  }

  /**
   * Merges the function metadata of `source` into `data`.
   *
   * Merging metadata reduces the number of wrappers used to invoke a function.
   * This is possible because methods like `_.bind`, `_.curry`, and `_.partial`
   * may be applied regardless of execution order. Methods like `_.ary` and
   * `_.rearg` modify function arguments, making the order in which they are
   * executed important, preventing the merging of metadata. However, we make
   * an exception for a safe combined case where curried functions have `_.ary`
   * and or `_.rearg` applied.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} data The destination metadata.
   * @param {Array} source The source metadata.
   * @returns {Array} Returns `data`.
   */
  function mergeData(data, source) {
    var bitmask = data[1],
        srcBitmask = source[1],
        newBitmask = bitmask | srcBitmask,
        isCommon = newBitmask < (BIND_FLAG | BIND_KEY_FLAG | ARY_FLAG);

    var isCombo =
      ((srcBitmask == ARY_FLAG) && (bitmask == CURRY_FLAG)) ||
      ((srcBitmask == ARY_FLAG) && (bitmask == REARG_FLAG) && (data[7].length <= source[8])) ||
      ((srcBitmask == (ARY_FLAG | REARG_FLAG)) && (source[7].length <= source[8]) && (bitmask == CURRY_FLAG));

    // Exit early if metadata can't be merged.
    if (!(isCommon || isCombo)) {
      return data;
    }
    // Use source `thisArg` if available.
    if (srcBitmask & BIND_FLAG) {
      data[2] = source[2];
      // Set when currying a bound function.
      newBitmask |= bitmask & BIND_FLAG ? 0 : CURRY_BOUND_FLAG;
    }
    // Compose partial arguments.
    var value = source[3];
    if (value) {
      var partials = data[3];
      data[3] = partials ? composeArgs(partials, value, source[4]) : value;
      data[4] = partials ? replaceHolders(data[3], PLACEHOLDER) : source[4];
    }
    // Compose partial right arguments.
    value = source[5];
    if (value) {
      partials = data[5];
      data[5] = partials ? composeArgsRight(partials, value, source[6]) : value;
      data[6] = partials ? replaceHolders(data[5], PLACEHOLDER) : source[6];
    }
    // Use source `argPos` if available.
    value = source[7];
    if (value) {
      data[7] = value;
    }
    // Use source `ary` if it's smaller.
    if (srcBitmask & ARY_FLAG) {
      data[8] = data[8] == null ? source[8] : nativeMin(data[8], source[8]);
    }
    // Use source `arity` if one is not provided.
    if (data[9] == null) {
      data[9] = source[9];
    }
    // Use source `func` and merge bitmasks.
    data[0] = source[0];
    data[1] = newBitmask;

    return data;
  }

  /**
   * Gets the parent value at `path` of `object`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The object to query.
   * @param {Array} path The path to get the parent value of.
   * @returns {*} Returns the parent value.
   */
  function parent(object, path) {
    return path.length == 1 ? object : baseGet(object, baseSlice(path, 0, -1));
  }

  /**
   * Reorder `array` according to the specified indexes where the element at
   * the first index is assigned as the first element, the element at
   * the second index is assigned as the second element, and so on.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The array to reorder.
   * @param {Array} indexes The arranged array indexes.
   * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
   */
  function reorder(array, indexes) {
    var arrLength = array.length,
        length = nativeMin(indexes.length, arrLength),
        oldArray = copyArray(array);

    while (length--) {
      var index = indexes[length];
      array[length] = isIndex(index, arrLength) ? oldArray[index] : undefined;
    }
    return array;
  }

  /**
   * Sets metadata for `func`.
   *
   * **Note:** If this function becomes hot, i.e. is invoked a lot in a short
   * period of time, it will trip its breaker and transition to an identity
   * function to avoid garbage collection pauses in V8. See
   * [V8 issue 2070](https://bugs.chromium.org/p/v8/issues/detail?id=2070)
   * for more details.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Function} func The function to associate metadata with.
   * @param {*} data The metadata.
   * @returns {Function} Returns `func`.
   */
  var setData = (function() {
    var count = 0,
        lastCalled = 0;

    return function(key, value) {
      var stamp = now(),
          remaining = HOT_SPAN - (stamp - lastCalled);

      lastCalled = stamp;
      if (remaining > 0) {
        if (++count >= HOT_COUNT) {
          return key;
        }
      } else {
        count = 0;
      }
      return baseSetData(key, value);
    };
  }());

  /**
   * Converts `string` to a property path array.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {string} string The string to convert.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the property path array.
   */
  var stringToPath = memoize(function(string) {
    var result = [];
    toString(string).replace(rePropName, function(match, number, quote, string) {
      result.push(quote ? string.replace(reEscapeChar, '$1') : (number || match));
    });
    return result;
  });

  /**
   * Converts `value` to a string key if it's not a string or symbol.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {*} value The value to inspect.
   * @returns {string|symbol} Returns the key.
   */
  function toKey(value) {
    if (typeof value == 'string' || isSymbol(value)) {
      return value;
    }
    var result = (value + '');
    return (result == '0' && (1 / value) == -INFINITY) ? '-0' : result;
  }

  /**
   * Converts `func` to its source code.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Function} func The function to process.
   * @returns {string} Returns the source code.
   */
  function toSource(func) {
    if (func != null) {
      try {
        return funcToString.call(func);
      } catch (e) {}
      try {
        return (func + '');
      } catch (e) {}
    }
    return '';
  }

  /**
   * Creates a clone of `wrapper`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} wrapper The wrapper to clone.
   * @returns {Object} Returns the cloned wrapper.
   */
  function wrapperClone(wrapper) {
    if (wrapper instanceof LazyWrapper) {
      return wrapper.clone();
    }
    var result = new LodashWrapper(wrapper.__wrapped__, wrapper.__chain__);
    result.__actions__ = copyArray(wrapper.__actions__);
    result.__index__  = wrapper.__index__;
    result.__values__ = wrapper.__values__;
    return result;
  }

  /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Creates an array of elements split into groups the length of `size`.
   * If `array` can't be split evenly, the final chunk will be the remaining
   * elements.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 3.0.0
   * @category Array
   * @param {Array} array The array to process.
   * @param {number} [size=1] The length of each chunk
   * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as an iteratee for methods like `_.map`.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of chunks.
   * @example
   *
   * _.chunk(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], 2);
   * // => [['a', 'b'], ['c', 'd']]
   *
   * _.chunk(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], 3);
   * // => [['a', 'b', 'c'], ['d']]
   */
  function chunk(array, size, guard) {
    if ((guard ? isIterateeCall(array, size, guard) : size === undefined)) {
      size = 1;
    } else {
      size = nativeMax(toInteger(size), 0);
    }
    var length = array ? array.length : 0;
    if (!length || size < 1) {
      return [];
    }
    var index = 0,
        resIndex = 0,
        result = Array(nativeCeil(length / size));

    while (index < length) {
      result[resIndex++] = baseSlice(array, index, (index += size));
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Creates an array with all falsey values removed. The values `false`, `null`,
   * `0`, `""`, `undefined`, and `NaN` are falsey.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 0.1.0
   * @category Array
   * @param {Array} array The array to compact.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of filtered values.
   * @example
   *
   * _.compact([0, 1, false, 2, '', 3]);
   * // => [1, 2, 3]
   */
  function compact(array) {
    var index = -1,
        length = array ? array.length : 0,
        resIndex = 0,
        result = [];

    while (++index < length) {
      var value = array[index];
      if (value) {
        result[resIndex++] = value;
      }
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Creates an array of unique `array` values not included in the other given
   * arrays using [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-samevaluezero)
   * for equality comparisons. The order of result values is determined by the
   * order they occur in the first array.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 0.1.0
   * @category Array
   * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
   * @param {...Array} [values] The values to exclude.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of filtered values.
   * @see _.without, _.xor
   * @example
   *
   * _.difference([3, 2, 1], [4, 2]);
   * // => [3, 1]
   */
  var difference = rest(function(array, values) {
    return isArrayLikeObject(array)
      ? baseDifference(array, baseFlatten(values, 1, isArrayLikeObject, true))
      : [];
  });

  /**
   * Flattens `array` a single level deep.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 0.1.0
   * @category Array
   * @param {Array} array The array to flatten.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the new flattened array.
   * @example
   *
   * _.flatten([1, [2, [3, [4]], 5]]);
   * // => [1, 2, [3, [4]], 5]
   */
  function flatten(array) {
    var length = array ? array.length : 0;
    return length ? baseFlatten(array, 1) : [];
  }

  /**
   * Gets the first element of `array`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 0.1.0
   * @alias first
   * @category Array
   * @param {Array} array The array to query.
   * @returns {*} Returns the first element of `array`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.head([1, 2, 3]);
   * // => 1
   *
   * _.head([]);
   * // => undefined
   */
  function head(array) {
    return (array && array.length) ? array[0] : undefined;
  }

  /**
   * Gets the index at which the first occurrence of `value` is found in `array`
   * using [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-samevaluezero)
   * for equality comparisons. If `fromIndex` is negative, it's used as the
   * offset from the end of `array`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 0.1.0
   * @category Array
   * @param {Array} array The array to search.
   * @param {*} value The value to search for.
   * @param {number} [fromIndex=0] The index to search from.
   * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value, else `-1`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.indexOf([1, 2, 1, 2], 2);
   * // => 1
   *
   * // Search from the `fromIndex`.
   * _.indexOf([1, 2, 1, 2], 2, 2);
   * // => 3
   */
  function indexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {
    var length = array ? array.length : 0;
    if (!length) {
      return -1;
    }
    fromIndex = toInteger(fromIndex);
    if (fromIndex < 0) {
      fromIndex = nativeMax(length + fromIndex, 0);
    }
    return baseIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex);
  }

  /**
   * Creates an array of unique values that are included in all given arrays
   * using [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-samevaluezero)
   * for equality comparisons. The order of result values is determined by the
   * order they occur in the first array.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 0.1.0
   * @category Array
   * @param {...Array} [arrays] The arrays to inspect.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of intersecting values.
   * @example
   *
   * _.intersection([2, 1], [4, 2], [1, 2]);
   * // => [2]
   */
  var intersection = rest(function(arrays) {
    var mapped = arrayMap(arrays, castArrayLikeObject);
    return (mapped.length && mapped[0] === arrays[0])
      ? baseIntersection(mapped)
      : [];
  });

  /**
   * Gets the last element of `array`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 0.1.0
   * @category Array
   * @param {Array} array The array to query.
   * @returns {*} Returns the last element of `array`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.last([1, 2, 3]);
   * // => 3
   */
  function last(array) {
    var length = array ? array.length : 0;
    return length ? array[length - 1] : undefined;
  }

  /**
   * Reverses `array` so that the first element becomes the last, the second
   * element becomes the second to last, and so on.
   *
   * **Note:** This method mutates `array` and is based on
   * [`Array#reverse`](https://mdn.io/Array/reverse).
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 4.0.0
   * @category Array
   * @param {Array} array The array to modify.
   * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
   * @example
   *
   * var array = [1, 2, 3];
   *
   * _.reverse(array);
   * // => [3, 2, 1]
   *
   * console.log(array);
   * // => [3, 2, 1]
   */
  function reverse(array) {
    return array ? nativeReverse.call(array) : array;
  }

  /**
   * Creates an array of unique values, in order, from all given arrays using
   * [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-samevaluezero)
   * for equality comparisons.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 0.1.0
   * @category Array
   * @param {...Array} [arrays] The arrays to inspect.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of combined values.
   * @example
   *
   * _.union([2, 1], [4, 2], [1, 2]);
   * // => [2, 1, 4]
   */
  var union = rest(function(arrays) {
    return baseUniq(baseFlatten(arrays, 1, isArrayLikeObject, true));
  });

  /**
   * Creates a duplicate-free version of an array, using
   * [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-samevaluezero)
   * for equality comparisons, in which only the first occurrence of each
   * element is kept.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 0.1.0
   * @category Array
   * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the new duplicate free array.
   * @example
   *
   * _.uniq([2, 1, 2]);
   * // => [2, 1]
   */
  function uniq(array) {
    return (array && array.length)
      ? baseUniq(array)
      : [];
  }

  /**
   * Creates an array excluding all given values using
   * [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-samevaluezero)
   * for equality comparisons.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 0.1.0
   * @category Array
   * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
   * @param {...*} [values] The values to exclude.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of filtered values.
   * @see _.difference, _.xor
   * @example
   *
   * _.without([1, 2, 1, 3], 1, 2);
   * // => [3]
   */
  var without = rest(function(array, values) {
    return isArrayLikeObject(array)
      ? baseDifference(array, values)
      : [];
  });

  /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Creates a `lodash` wrapper instance that wraps `value` with explicit method
   * chain sequences enabled. The result of such sequences must be unwrapped
   * with `_#value`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 1.3.0
   * @category Seq
   * @param {*} value The value to wrap.
   * @returns {Object} Returns the new `lodash` wrapper instance.
   * @example
   *
   * var users = [
   *   { 'user': 'barney',  'age': 36 },
   *   { 'user': 'fred',    'age': 40 },
   *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'age': 1 }
   * ];
   *
   * var youngest = _
   *   .chain(users)
   *   .sortBy('age')
   *   .map(function(o) {
   *     return o.user + ' is ' + o.age;
   *   })
   *   .head()
   *   .value();
   * // => 'pebbles is 1'
   */
  function chain(value) {
    var result = lodash(value);
    result.__chain__ = true;
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * This method invokes `interceptor` and returns `value`. The interceptor
   * is invoked with one argument; (value). The purpose of this method is to
   * "tap into" a method chain sequence in order to modify intermediate results.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 0.1.0
   * @category Seq
   * @param {*} value The value to provide to `interceptor`.
   * @param {Function} interceptor The function to invoke.
   * @returns {*} Returns `value`.
   * @example
   *
   * _([1, 2, 3])
   *  .tap(function(array) {
   *    // Mutate input array.
   *    array.pop();
   *  })
   *  .reverse()
   *  .value();
   * // => [2, 1]
   */
  function tap(value, interceptor) {
    interceptor(value);
    return value;
  }

  /**
   * This method is like `_.tap` except that it returns the result of `interceptor`.
   * The purpose of this method is to "pass thru" values replacing intermediate
   * results in a method chain sequence.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 3.0.0
   * @category Seq
   * @param {*} value The value to provide to `interceptor`.
   * @param {Function} interceptor The function to invoke.
   * @returns {*} Returns the result of `interceptor`.
   * @example
   *
   * _('  abc  ')
   *  .chain()
   *  .trim()
   *  .thru(function(value) {
   *    return [value];
   *  })
   *  .value();
   * // => ['abc']
   */
  function thru(value, interceptor) {
    return interceptor(value);
  }

  /**
   * This method is the wrapper version of `_.at`.
   *
   * @name at
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 1.0.0
   * @category Seq
   * @param {...(string|string[])} [paths] The property paths of elements to pick.
   * @returns {Object} Returns the new `lodash` wrapper instance.
   * @example
   *
   * var object = { 'a': [{ 'b': { 'c': 3 } }, 4] };
   *
   * _(object).at(['a[0].b.c', 'a[1]']).value();
   * // => [3, 4]
   *
   * _(['a', 'b', 'c']).at(0, 2).value();
   * // => ['a', 'c']
   */
  var wrapperAt = rest(function(paths) {
    paths = baseFlatten(paths, 1);
    var length = paths.length,
        start = length ? paths[0] : 0,
        value = this.__wrapped__,
        interceptor = function(object) { return baseAt(object, paths); };

    if (length > 1 || this.__actions__.length ||
        !(value instanceof LazyWrapper) || !isIndex(start)) {
      return this.thru(interceptor);
    }
    value = value.slice(start, +start + (length ? 1 : 0));
    value.__actions__.push({
      'func': thru,
      'args': [interceptor],
      'thisArg': undefined
    });
    return new LodashWrapper(value, this.__chain__).thru(function(array) {
      if (length && !array.length) {
        array.push(undefined);
      }
      return array;
    });
  });

  /**
   * Creates a `lodash` wrapper instance with explicit method chain sequences enabled.
   *
   * @name chain
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 0.1.0
   * @category Seq
   * @returns {Object} Returns the new `lodash` wrapper instance.
   * @example
   *
   * var users = [
   *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
   *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40 }
   * ];
   *
   * // A sequence without explicit chaining.
   * _(users).head();
   * // => { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 }
   *
   * // A sequence with explicit chaining.
   * _(users)
   *   .chain()
   *   .head()
   *   .pick('user')
   *   .value();
   * // => { 'user': 'barney' }
   */
  function wrapperChain() {
    return chain(this);
  }

  /**
   * Executes the chain sequence and returns the wrapped result.
   *
   * @name commit
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 3.2.0
   * @category Seq
   * @returns {Object} Returns the new `lodash` wrapper instance.
   * @example
   *
   * var array = [1, 2];
   * var wrapped = _(array).push(3);
   *
   * console.log(array);
   * // => [1, 2]
   *
   * wrapped = wrapped.commit();
   * console.log(array);
   * // => [1, 2, 3]
   *
   * wrapped.last();
   * // => 3
   *
   * console.log(array);
   * // => [1, 2, 3]
   */
  function wrapperCommit() {
    return new LodashWrapper(this.value(), this.__chain__);
  }

  /**
   * Gets the next value on a wrapped object following the
   * [iterator protocol](https://mdn.io/iteration_protocols#iterator).
   *
   * @name next
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 4.0.0
   * @category Seq
   * @returns {Object} Returns the next iterator value.
   * @example
   *
   * var wrapped = _([1, 2]);
   *
   * wrapped.next();
   * // => { 'done': false, 'value': 1 }
   *
   * wrapped.next();
   * // => { 'done': false, 'value': 2 }
   *
   * wrapped.next();
   * // => { 'done': true, 'value': undefined }
   */
  function wrapperNext() {
    if (this.__values__ === undefined) {
      this.__values__ = toArray(this.value());
    }
    var done = this.__index__ >= this.__values__.length,
        value = done ? undefined : this.__values__[this.__index__++];

    return { 'done': done, 'value': value };
  }

  /**
   * Enables the wrapper to be iterable.
   *
   * @name Symbol.iterator
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 4.0.0
   * @category Seq
   * @returns {Object} Returns the wrapper object.
   * @example
   *
   * var wrapped = _([1, 2]);
   *
   * wrapped[Symbol.iterator]() === wrapped;
   * // => true
   *
   * Array.from(wrapped);
   * // => [1, 2]
   */
  function wrapperToIterator() {
    return this;
  }

  /**
   * Creates a clone of the chain sequence planting `value` as the wrapped value.
   *
   * @name plant
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 3.2.0
   * @category Seq
   * @param {*} value The value to plant.
   * @returns {Object} Returns the new `lodash` wrapper instance.
   * @example
   *
   * function square(n) {
   *   return n * n;
   * }
   *
   * var wrapped = _([1, 2]).map(square);
   * var other = wrapped.plant([3, 4]);
   *
   * other.value();
   * // => [9, 16]
   *
   * wrapped.value();
   * // => [1, 4]
   */
  function wrapperPlant(value) {
    var result,
        parent = this;

    while (parent instanceof baseLodash) {
      var clone = wrapperClone(parent);
      clone.__index__ = 0;
      clone.__values__ = undefined;
      if (result) {
        previous.__wrapped__ = clone;
      } else {
        result = clone;
      }
      var previous = clone;
      parent = parent.__wrapped__;
    }
    previous.__wrapped__ = value;
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * This method is the wrapper version of `_.reverse`.
   *
   * **Note:** This method mutates the wrapped array.
   *
   * @name reverse
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 0.1.0
   * @category Seq
   * @returns {Object} Returns the new `lodash` wrapper instance.
   * @example
   *
   * var array = [1, 2, 3];
   *
   * _(array).reverse().value()
   * // => [3, 2, 1]
   *
   * console.log(array);
   * // => [3, 2, 1]
   */
  function wrapperReverse() {
    var value = this.__wrapped__;
    if (value instanceof LazyWrapper) {
      var wrapped = value;
      if (this.__actions__.length) {
        wrapped = new LazyWrapper(this);
      }
      wrapped = wrapped.reverse();
      wrapped.__actions__.push({
        'func': thru,
        'args': [reverse],
        'thisArg': undefined
      });
      return new LodashWrapper(wrapped, this.__chain__);
    }
    return this.thru(reverse);
  }

  /**
   * Executes the chain sequence to resolve the unwrapped value.
   *
   * @name value
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 0.1.0
   * @alias toJSON, valueOf
   * @category Seq
   * @returns {*} Returns the resolved unwrapped value.
   * @example
   *
   * _([1, 2, 3]).value();
   * // => [1, 2, 3]
   */
  function wrapperValue() {
    return baseWrapperValue(this.__wrapped__, this.__actions__);
  }

  /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Checks if `predicate` returns truthy for **all** elements of `collection`.
   * Iteration is stopped once `predicate` returns falsey. The predicate is
   * invoked with three arguments: (value, index|key, collection).
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 0.1.0
   * @category Collection
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Array|Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity]
   *  The function invoked per iteration.
   * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as an iteratee for methods like `_.map`.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if all elements pass the predicate check,
   *  else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.every([true, 1, null, 'yes'], Boolean);
   * // => false
   *
   * var users = [
   *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'active': false },
   *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40, 'active': false }
   * ];
   *
   * // The `_.matches` iteratee shorthand.
   * _.every(users, { 'user': 'barney', 'active': false });
   * // => false
   *
   * // The `_.matchesProperty` iteratee shorthand.
   * _.every(users, ['active', false]);
   * // => true
   *
   * // The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.
   * _.every(users, 'active');
   * // => false
   */
  function every(collection, predicate, guard) {
    var func = isArray(collection) ? arrayEvery : baseEvery;
    if (guard && isIterateeCall(collection, predicate, guard)) {
      predicate = undefined;
    }
    return func(collection, getIteratee(predicate, 3));
  }

  /**
   * Iterates over elements of `collection`, returning an array of all elements
   * `predicate` returns truthy for. The predicate is invoked with three
   * arguments: (value, index|key, collection).
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 0.1.0
   * @category Collection
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Array|Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity]
   *  The function invoked per iteration.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the new filtered array.
   * @see _.reject
   * @example
   *
   * var users = [
   *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'active': true },
   *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40, 'active': false }
   * ];
   *
   * _.filter(users, function(o) { return !o.active; });
   * // => objects for ['fred']
   *
   * // The `_.matches` iteratee shorthand.
   * _.filter(users, { 'age': 36, 'active': true });
   * // => objects for ['barney']
   *
   * // The `_.matchesProperty` iteratee shorthand.
   * _.filter(users, ['active', false]);
   * // => objects for ['fred']
   *
   * // The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.
   * _.filter(users, 'active');
   * // => objects for ['barney']
   */
  function filter(collection, predicate) {
    var func = isArray(collection) ? arrayFilter : baseFilter;
    return func(collection, getIteratee(predicate, 3));
  }

  /**
   * Iterates over elements of `collection`, returning the first element
   * `predicate` returns truthy for. The predicate is invoked with three
   * arguments: (value, index|key, collection).
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 0.1.0
   * @category Collection
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to search.
   * @param {Array|Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity]
   *  The function invoked per iteration.
   * @returns {*} Returns the matched element, else `undefined`.
   * @example
   *
   * var users = [
   *   { 'user': 'barney',  'age': 36, 'active': true },
   *   { 'user': 'fred',    'age': 40, 'active': false },
   *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'age': 1,  'active': true }
   * ];
   *
   * _.find(users, function(o) { return o.age < 40; });
   * // => object for 'barney'
   *
   * // The `_.matches` iteratee shorthand.
   * _.find(users, { 'age': 1, 'active': true });
   * // => object for 'pebbles'
   *
   * // The `_.matchesProperty` iteratee shorthand.
   * _.find(users, ['active', false]);
   * // => object for 'fred'
   *
   * // The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.
   * _.find(users, 'active');
   * // => object for 'barney'
   */
  function find(collection, predicate) {
    predicate = getIteratee(predicate, 3);
    if (isArray(collection)) {
      var index = baseFindIndex(collection, predicate);
      return index > -1 ? collection[index] : undefined;
    }
    return baseFind(collection, predicate, baseEach);
  }

  /**
   * Iterates over elements of `collection` and invokes `iteratee` for each element.
   * The iteratee is invoked with three arguments: (value, index|key, collection).
   * Iteratee functions may exit iteration early by explicitly returning `false`.
   *
   * **Note:** As with other "Collections" methods, objects with a "length"
   * property are iterated like arrays. To avoid this behavior use `_.forIn`
   * or `_.forOwn` for object iteration.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 0.1.0
   * @alias each
   * @category Collection
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
   * @returns {Array|Object} Returns `collection`.
   * @see _.forEachRight
   * @example
   *
   * _([1, 2]).forEach(function(value) {
   *   console.log(value);
   * });
   * // => Logs `1` then `2`.
   *
   * _.forEach({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2 }, function(value, key) {
   *   console.log(key);
   * });
   * // => Logs 'a' then 'b' (iteration order is not guaranteed).
   */
  function forEach(collection, iteratee) {
    var func = isArray(collection) ? arrayEach : baseEach;
    return func(collection, getIteratee(iteratee, 3));
  }

  /**
   * Creates an object composed of keys generated from the results of running
   * each element of `collection` thru `iteratee`. The order of grouped values
   * is determined by the order they occur in `collection`. The corresponding
   * value of each key is an array of elements responsible for generating the
   * key. The iteratee is invoked with one argument: (value).
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 0.1.0
   * @category Collection
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Array|Function|Object|string} [iteratee=_.identity]
   *  The iteratee to transform keys.
   * @returns {Object} Returns the composed aggregate object.
   * @example
   *
   * _.groupBy([6.1, 4.2, 6.3], Math.floor);
   * // => { '4': [4.2], '6': [6.1, 6.3] }
   *
   * // The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.
   * _.groupBy(['one', 'two', 'three'], 'length');
   * // => { '3': ['one', 'two'], '5': ['three'] }
   */
  var groupBy = createAggregator(function(result, value, key) {
    if (hasOwnProperty.call(result, key)) {
      result[key].push(value);
    } else {
      result[key] = [value];
    }
  });

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is in `collection`. If `collection` is a string, it's
   * checked for a substring of `value`, otherwise
   * [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-samevaluezero)
   * is used for equality comparisons. If `fromIndex` is negative, it's used as
   * the offset from the end of `collection`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 0.1.0
   * @category Collection
   * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to search.
   * @param {*} value The value to search for.
   * @param {number} [fromIndex=0] The index to search from.
   * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as an iteratee for methods like `_.reduce`.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is found, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.includes([1, 2, 3], 1);
   * // => true
   *
   * _.includes([1, 2, 3], 1, 2);
   * // => false
   *
   * _.includes({ 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40 }, 'fred');
   * // => true
   *
   * _.includes('pebbles', 'eb');
   * // => true
   */
  function includes(collection, value, fromIndex, guard) {
    collection = isArrayLike(collection) ? collection : values(collection);
    fromIndex = (fromIndex && !guard) ? toInteger(fromIndex) : 0;

    var length = collection.length;
    if (fromIndex < 0) {
      fromIndex = nativeMax(length + fromIndex, 0);
    }
    return isString(collection)
      ? (fromIndex <= length && collection.indexOf(value, fromIndex) > -1)
      : (!!length && baseIndexOf(collection, value, fromIndex) > -1);
  }

  /**
   * Creates an array of values by running each element in `collection` thru
   * `iteratee`. The iteratee is invoked with three arguments:
   * (value, index|key, collection).
   *
   * Many lodash methods are guarded to work as iteratees for methods like
   * `_.every`, `_.filter`, `_.map`, `_.mapValues`, `_.reject`, and `_.some`.
   *
   * The guarded methods are:
   * `ary`, `chunk`, `curry`, `curryRight`, `drop`, `dropRight`, `every`,
   * `fill`, `invert`, `parseInt`, `random`, `range`, `rangeRight`, `repeat`,
   * `sampleSize`, `slice`, `some`, `sortBy`, `split`, `take`, `takeRight`,
   * `template`, `trim`, `trimEnd`, `trimStart`, and `words`
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 0.1.0
   * @category Collection
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Array|Function|Object|string} [iteratee=_.identity]
   *  The function invoked per iteration.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the new mapped array.
   * @example
   *
   * function square(n) {
   *   return n * n;
   * }
   *
   * _.map([4, 8], square);
   * // => [16, 64]
   *
   * _.map({ 'a': 4, 'b': 8 }, square);
   * // => [16, 64] (iteration order is not guaranteed)
   *
   * var users = [
   *   { 'user': 'barney' },
   *   { 'user': 'fred' }
   * ];
   *
   * // The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.
   * _.map(users, 'user');
   * // => ['barney', 'fred']
   */
  function map(collection, iteratee) {
    var func = isArray(collection) ? arrayMap : baseMap;
    return func(collection, getIteratee(iteratee, 3));
  }

  /**
   * Reduces `collection` to a value which is the accumulated result of running
   * each element in `collection` thru `iteratee`, where each successive
   * invocation is supplied the return value of the previous. If `accumulator`
   * is not given, the first element of `collection` is used as the initial
   * value. The iteratee is invoked with four arguments:
   * (accumulator, value, index|key, collection).
   *
   * Many lodash methods are guarded to work as iteratees for methods like
   * `_.reduce`, `_.reduceRight`, and `_.transform`.
   *
   * The guarded methods are:
   * `assign`, `defaults`, `defaultsDeep`, `includes`, `merge`, `orderBy`,
   * and `sortBy`
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 0.1.0
   * @category Collection
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
   * @param {*} [accumulator] The initial value.
   * @returns {*} Returns the accumulated value.
   * @see _.reduceRight
   * @example
   *
   * _.reduce([1, 2], function(sum, n) {
   *   return sum + n;
   * }, 0);
   * // => 3
   *
   * _.reduce({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 1 }, function(result, value, key) {
   *   (result[value] || (result[value] = [])).push(key);
   *   return result;
   * }, {});
   * // => { '1': ['a', 'c'], '2': ['b'] } (iteration order is not guaranteed)
   */
  function reduce(collection, iteratee, accumulator) {
    var func = isArray(collection) ? arrayReduce : baseReduce,
        initAccum = arguments.length < 3;

    return func(collection, getIteratee(iteratee, 4), accumulator, initAccum, baseEach);
  }

  /**
   * The opposite of `_.filter`; this method returns the elements of `collection`
   * that `predicate` does **not** return truthy for.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 0.1.0
   * @category Collection
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Array|Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity]
   *  The function invoked per iteration.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the new filtered array.
   * @see _.filter
   * @example
   *
   * var users = [
   *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'active': false },
   *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40, 'active': true }
   * ];
   *
   * _.reject(users, function(o) { return !o.active; });
   * // => objects for ['fred']
   *
   * // The `_.matches` iteratee shorthand.
   * _.reject(users, { 'age': 40, 'active': true });
   * // => objects for ['barney']
   *
   * // The `_.matchesProperty` iteratee shorthand.
   * _.reject(users, ['active', false]);
   * // => objects for ['fred']
   *
   * // The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.
   * _.reject(users, 'active');
   * // => objects for ['barney']
   */
  function reject(collection, predicate) {
    var func = isArray(collection) ? arrayFilter : baseFilter;
    predicate = getIteratee(predicate, 3);
    return func(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
      return !predicate(value, index, collection);
    });
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `predicate` returns truthy for **any** element of `collection`.
   * Iteration is stopped once `predicate` returns truthy. The predicate is
   * invoked with three arguments: (value, index|key, collection).
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 0.1.0
   * @category Collection
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Array|Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity]
   *  The function invoked per iteration.
   * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as an iteratee for methods like `_.map`.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if any element passes the predicate check,
   *  else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.some([null, 0, 'yes', false], Boolean);
   * // => true
   *
   * var users = [
   *   { 'user': 'barney', 'active': true },
   *   { 'user': 'fred',   'active': false }
   * ];
   *
   * // The `_.matches` iteratee shorthand.
   * _.some(users, { 'user': 'barney', 'active': false });
   * // => false
   *
   * // The `_.matchesProperty` iteratee shorthand.
   * _.some(users, ['active', false]);
   * // => true
   *
   * // The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.
   * _.some(users, 'active');
   * // => true
   */
  function some(collection, predicate, guard) {
    var func = isArray(collection) ? arraySome : baseSome;
    if (guard && isIterateeCall(collection, predicate, guard)) {
      predicate = undefined;
    }
    return func(collection, getIteratee(predicate, 3));
  }

  /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Gets the timestamp of the number of milliseconds that have elapsed since
   * the Unix epoch (1 January 1970 00:00:00 UTC).
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 2.4.0
   * @type {Function}
   * @category Date
   * @returns {number} Returns the timestamp.
   * @example
   *
   * _.defer(function(stamp) {
   *   console.log(_.now() - stamp);
   * }, _.now());
   * // => Logs the number of milliseconds it took for the deferred function to be invoked.
   */
  var now = Date.now;

  /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Creates a function that invokes `func` with the `this` binding of `thisArg`
   * and `partials` prepended to the arguments it receives.
   *
   * The `_.bind.placeholder` value, which defaults to `_` in monolithic builds,
   * may be used as a placeholder for partially applied arguments.
   *
   * **Note:** Unlike native `Function#bind` this method doesn't set the "length"
   * property of bound functions.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 0.1.0
   * @category Function
   * @param {Function} func The function to bind.
   * @param {*} thisArg The `this` binding of `func`.
   * @param {...*} [partials] The arguments to be partially applied.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new bound function.
   * @example
   *
   * var greet = function(greeting, punctuation) {
   *   return greeting + ' ' + this.user + punctuation;
   * };
   *
   * var object = { 'user': 'fred' };
   *
   * var bound = _.bind(greet, object, 'hi');
   * bound('!');
   * // => 'hi fred!'
   *
   * // Bound with placeholders.
   * var bound = _.bind(greet, object, _, '!');
   * bound('hi');
   * // => 'hi fred!'
   */
  var bind = rest(function(func, thisArg, partials) {
    var bitmask = BIND_FLAG;
    if (partials.length) {
      var holders = replaceHolders(partials, getHolder(bind));
      bitmask |= PARTIAL_FLAG;
    }
    return createWrapper(func, bitmask, thisArg, partials, holders);
  });

  /**
   * Creates a debounced function that delays invoking `func` until after `wait`
   * milliseconds have elapsed since the last time the debounced function was
   * invoked. The debounced function comes with a `cancel` method to cancel
   * delayed `func` invocations and a `flush` method to immediately invoke them.
   * Provide an options object to indicate whether `func` should be invoked on
   * the leading and/or trailing edge of the `wait` timeout. The `func` is invoked
   * with the last arguments provided to the debounced function. Subsequent calls
   * to the debounced function return the result of the last `func` invocation.
   *
   * **Note:** If `leading` and `trailing` options are `true`, `func` is invoked
   * on the trailing edge of the timeout only if the debounced function is
   * invoked more than once during the `wait` timeout.
   *
   * See [David Corbacho's article](https://css-tricks.com/debouncing-throttling-explained-examples/)
   * for details over the differences between `_.debounce` and `_.throttle`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 0.1.0
   * @category Function
   * @param {Function} func The function to debounce.
   * @param {number} [wait=0] The number of milliseconds to delay.
   * @param {Object} [options={}] The options object.
   * @param {boolean} [options.leading=false]
   *  Specify invoking on the leading edge of the timeout.
   * @param {number} [options.maxWait]
   *  The maximum time `func` is allowed to be delayed before it's invoked.
   * @param {boolean} [options.trailing=true]
   *  Specify invoking on the trailing edge of the timeout.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new debounced function.
   * @example
   *
   * // Avoid costly calculations while the window size is in flux.
   * jQuery(window).on('resize', _.debounce(calculateLayout, 150));
   *
   * // Invoke `sendMail` when clicked, debouncing subsequent calls.
   * jQuery(element).on('click', _.debounce(sendMail, 300, {
   *   'leading': true,
   *   'trailing': false
   * }));
   *
   * // Ensure `batchLog` is invoked once after 1 second of debounced calls.
   * var debounced = _.debounce(batchLog, 250, { 'maxWait': 1000 });
   * var source = new EventSource('/stream');
   * jQuery(source).on('message', debounced);
   *
   * // Cancel the trailing debounced invocation.
   * jQuery(window).on('popstate', debounced.cancel);
   */
  function debounce(func, wait, options) {
    var lastArgs,
        lastThis,
        maxWait,
        result,
        timerId,
        lastCallTime = 0,
        lastInvokeTime = 0,
        leading = false,
        maxing = false,
        trailing = true;

    if (typeof func != 'function') {
      throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
    }
    wait = toNumber(wait) || 0;
    if (isObject(options)) {
      leading = !!options.leading;
      maxing = 'maxWait' in options;
      maxWait = maxing ? nativeMax(toNumber(options.maxWait) || 0, wait) : maxWait;
      trailing = 'trailing' in options ? !!options.trailing : trailing;
    }

    function invokeFunc(time) {
      var args = lastArgs,
          thisArg = lastThis;

      lastArgs = lastThis = undefined;
      lastInvokeTime = time;
      result = func.apply(thisArg, args);
      return result;
    }

    function leadingEdge(time) {
      // Reset any `maxWait` timer.
      lastInvokeTime = time;
      // Start the timer for the trailing edge.
      timerId = setTimeout(timerExpired, wait);
      // Invoke the leading edge.
      return leading ? invokeFunc(time) : result;
    }

    function remainingWait(time) {
      var timeSinceLastCall = time - lastCallTime,
          timeSinceLastInvoke = time - lastInvokeTime,
          result = wait - timeSinceLastCall;

      return maxing ? nativeMin(result, maxWait - timeSinceLastInvoke) : result;
    }

    function shouldInvoke(time) {
      var timeSinceLastCall = time - lastCallTime,
          timeSinceLastInvoke = time - lastInvokeTime;

      // Either this is the first call, activity has stopped and we're at the
      // trailing edge, the system time has gone backwards and we're treating
      // it as the trailing edge, or we've hit the `maxWait` limit.
      return (!lastCallTime || (timeSinceLastCall >= wait) ||
        (timeSinceLastCall < 0) || (maxing && timeSinceLastInvoke >= maxWait));
    }

    function timerExpired() {
      var time = now();
      if (shouldInvoke(time)) {
        return trailingEdge(time);
      }
      // Restart the timer.
      timerId = setTimeout(timerExpired, remainingWait(time));
    }

    function trailingEdge(time) {
      clearTimeout(timerId);
      timerId = undefined;

      // Only invoke if we have `lastArgs` which means `func` has been
      // debounced at least once.
      if (trailing && lastArgs) {
        return invokeFunc(time);
      }
      lastArgs = lastThis = undefined;
      return result;
    }

    function cancel() {
      if (timerId !== undefined) {
        clearTimeout(timerId);
      }
      lastCallTime = lastInvokeTime = 0;
      lastArgs = lastThis = timerId = undefined;
    }

    function flush() {
      return timerId === undefined ? result : trailingEdge(now());
    }

    function debounced() {
      var time = now(),
          isInvoking = shouldInvoke(time);

      lastArgs = arguments;
      lastThis = this;
      lastCallTime = time;

      if (isInvoking) {
        if (timerId === undefined) {
          return leadingEdge(lastCallTime);
        }
        if (maxing) {
          // Handle invocations in a tight loop.
          clearTimeout(timerId);
          timerId = setTimeout(timerExpired, wait);
          return invokeFunc(lastCallTime);
        }
      }
      if (timerId === undefined) {
        timerId = setTimeout(timerExpired, wait);
      }
      return result;
    }
    debounced.cancel = cancel;
    debounced.flush = flush;
    return debounced;
  }

  /**
   * Creates a function that memoizes the result of `func`. If `resolver` is
   * provided, it determines the cache key for storing the result based on the
   * arguments provided to the memoized function. By default, the first argument
   * provided to the memoized function is used as the map cache key. The `func`
   * is invoked with the `this` binding of the memoized function.
   *
   * **Note:** The cache is exposed as the `cache` property on the memoized
   * function. Its creation may be customized by replacing the `_.memoize.Cache`
   * constructor with one whose instances implement the
   * [`Map`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-properties-of-the-map-prototype-object)
   * method interface of `delete`, `get`, `has`, and `set`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 0.1.0
   * @category Function
   * @param {Function} func The function to have its output memoized.
   * @param {Function} [resolver] The function to resolve the cache key.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new memoized function.
   * @example
   *
   * var object = { 'a': 1, 'b': 2 };
   * var other = { 'c': 3, 'd': 4 };
   *
   * var values = _.memoize(_.values);
   * values(object);
   * // => [1, 2]
   *
   * values(other);
   * // => [3, 4]
   *
   * object.a = 2;
   * values(object);
   * // => [1, 2]
   *
   * // Modify the result cache.
   * values.cache.set(object, ['a', 'b']);
   * values(object);
   * // => ['a', 'b']
   *
   * // Replace `_.memoize.Cache`.
   * _.memoize.Cache = WeakMap;
   */
  function memoize(func, resolver) {
    if (typeof func != 'function' || (resolver && typeof resolver != 'function')) {
      throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
    }
    var memoized = function() {
      var args = arguments,
          key = resolver ? resolver.apply(this, args) : args[0],
          cache = memoized.cache;

      if (cache.has(key)) {
        return cache.get(key);
      }
      var result = func.apply(this, args);
      memoized.cache = cache.set(key, result);
      return result;
    };
    memoized.cache = new (memoize.Cache || MapCache);
    return memoized;
  }

  // Assign cache to `_.memoize`.
  memoize.Cache = MapCache;

  /**
   * Creates a function that invokes `func` with the `this` binding of the
   * created function and arguments from `start` and beyond provided as
   * an array.
   *
   * **Note:** This method is based on the
   * [rest parameter](https://mdn.io/rest_parameters).
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 4.0.0
   * @category Function
   * @param {Function} func The function to apply a rest parameter to.
   * @param {number} [start=func.length-1] The start position of the rest parameter.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
   * @example
   *
   * var say = _.rest(function(what, names) {
   *   return what + ' ' + _.initial(names).join(', ') +
   *     (_.size(names) > 1 ? ', & ' : '') + _.last(names);
   * });
   *
   * say('hello', 'fred', 'barney', 'pebbles');
   * // => 'hello fred, barney, & pebbles'
   */
  function rest(func, start) {
    if (typeof func != 'function') {
      throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
    }
    start = nativeMax(start === undefined ? (func.length - 1) : toInteger(start), 0);
    return function() {
      var args = arguments,
          index = -1,
          length = nativeMax(args.length - start, 0),
          array = Array(length);

      while (++index < length) {
        array[index] = args[start + index];
      }
      switch (start) {
        case 0: return func.call(this, array);
        case 1: return func.call(this, args[0], array);
        case 2: return func.call(this, args[0], args[1], array);
      }
      var otherArgs = Array(start + 1);
      index = -1;
      while (++index < start) {
        otherArgs[index] = args[index];
      }
      otherArgs[start] = array;
      return apply(func, this, otherArgs);
    };
  }

  /**
   * Creates a throttled function that only invokes `func` at most once per
   * every `wait` milliseconds. The throttled function comes with a `cancel`
   * method to cancel delayed `func` invocations and a `flush` method to
   * immediately invoke them. Provide an options object to indicate whether
   * `func` should be invoked on the leading and/or trailing edge of the `wait`
   * timeout. The `func` is invoked with the last arguments provided to the
   * throttled function. Subsequent calls to the throttled function return the
   * result of the last `func` invocation.
   *
   * **Note:** If `leading` and `trailing` options are `true`, `func` is
   * invoked on the trailing edge of the timeout only if the throttled function
   * is invoked more than once during the `wait` timeout.
   *
   * See [David Corbacho's article](https://css-tricks.com/debouncing-throttling-explained-examples/)
   * for details over the differences between `_.throttle` and `_.debounce`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 0.1.0
   * @category Function
   * @param {Function} func The function to throttle.
   * @param {number} [wait=0] The number of milliseconds to throttle invocations to.
   * @param {Object} [options={}] The options object.
   * @param {boolean} [options.leading=true]
   *  Specify invoking on the leading edge of the timeout.
   * @param {boolean} [options.trailing=true]
   *  Specify invoking on the trailing edge of the timeout.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new throttled function.
   * @example
   *
   * // Avoid excessively updating the position while scrolling.
   * jQuery(window).on('scroll', _.throttle(updatePosition, 100));
   *
   * // Invoke `renewToken` when the click event is fired, but not more than once every 5 minutes.
   * var throttled = _.throttle(renewToken, 300000, { 'trailing': false });
   * jQuery(element).on('click', throttled);
   *
   * // Cancel the trailing throttled invocation.
   * jQuery(window).on('popstate', throttled.cancel);
   */
  function throttle(func, wait, options) {
    var leading = true,
        trailing = true;

    if (typeof func != 'function') {
      throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
    }
    if (isObject(options)) {
      leading = 'leading' in options ? !!options.leading : leading;
      trailing = 'trailing' in options ? !!options.trailing : trailing;
    }
    return debounce(func, wait, {
      'leading': leading,
      'maxWait': wait,
      'trailing': trailing
    });
  }

  /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Creates a shallow clone of `value`.
   *
   * **Note:** This method is loosely based on the
   * [structured clone algorithm](https://mdn.io/Structured_clone_algorithm)
   * and supports cloning arrays, array buffers, booleans, date objects, maps,
   * numbers, `Object` objects, regexes, sets, strings, symbols, and typed
   * arrays. The own enumerable properties of `arguments` objects are cloned
   * as plain objects. An empty object is returned for uncloneable values such
   * as error objects, functions, DOM nodes, and WeakMaps.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 0.1.0
   * @category Lang
   * @param {*} value The value to clone.
   * @returns {*} Returns the cloned value.
   * @see _.cloneDeep
   * @example
   *
   * var objects = [{ 'a': 1 }, { 'b': 2 }];
   *
   * var shallow = _.clone(objects);
   * console.log(shallow[0] === objects[0]);
   * // => true
   */
  function clone(value) {
    return baseClone(value, false, true);
  }

  /**
   * This method is like `_.clone` except that it recursively clones `value`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 1.0.0
   * @category Lang
   * @param {*} value The value to recursively clone.
   * @returns {*} Returns the deep cloned value.
   * @see _.clone
   * @example
   *
   * var objects = [{ 'a': 1 }, { 'b': 2 }];
   *
   * var deep = _.cloneDeep(objects);
   * console.log(deep[0] === objects[0]);
   * // => false
   */
  function cloneDeep(value) {
    return baseClone(value, true, true);
  }

  /**
   * Performs a
   * [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-samevaluezero)
   * comparison between two values to determine if they are equivalent.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 4.0.0
   * @category Lang
   * @param {*} value The value to compare.
   * @param {*} other The other value to compare.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the values are equivalent, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * var object = { 'user': 'fred' };
   * var other = { 'user': 'fred' };
   *
   * _.eq(object, object);
   * // => true
   *
   * _.eq(object, other);
   * // => false
   *
   * _.eq('a', 'a');
   * // => true
   *
   * _.eq('a', Object('a'));
   * // => false
   *
   * _.eq(NaN, NaN);
   * // => true
   */
  function eq(value, other) {
    return value === other || (value !== value && other !== other);
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is likely an `arguments` object.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 0.1.0
   * @category Lang
   * @param {*} value The value to check.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified,
   *  else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.isArguments(function() { return arguments; }());
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isArguments([1, 2, 3]);
   * // => false
   */
  function isArguments(value) {
    // Safari 8.1 incorrectly makes `arguments.callee` enumerable in strict mode.
    return isArrayLikeObject(value) && hasOwnProperty.call(value, 'callee') &&
      (!propertyIsEnumerable.call(value, 'callee') || objectToString.call(value) == argsTag);
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is classified as an `Array` object.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 0.1.0
   * @type {Function}
   * @category Lang
   * @param {*} value The value to check.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified,
   *  else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.isArray([1, 2, 3]);
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isArray(document.body.children);
   * // => false
   *
   * _.isArray('abc');
   * // => false
   *
   * _.isArray(_.noop);
   * // => false
   */
  var isArray = Array.isArray;

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is array-like. A value is considered array-like if it's
   * not a function and has a `value.length` that's an integer greater than or
   * equal to `0` and less than or equal to `Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 4.0.0
   * @category Lang
   * @param {*} value The value to check.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is array-like, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.isArrayLike([1, 2, 3]);
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isArrayLike(document.body.children);
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isArrayLike('abc');
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isArrayLike(_.noop);
   * // => false
   */
  function isArrayLike(value) {
    return value != null && isLength(getLength(value)) && !isFunction(value);
  }

  /**
   * This method is like `_.isArrayLike` except that it also checks if `value`
   * is an object.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 4.0.0
   * @category Lang
   * @param {*} value The value to check.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is an array-like object,
   *  else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.isArrayLikeObject([1, 2, 3]);
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isArrayLikeObject(document.body.children);
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isArrayLikeObject('abc');
   * // => false
   *
   * _.isArrayLikeObject(_.noop);
   * // => false
   */
  function isArrayLikeObject(value) {
    return isObjectLike(value) && isArrayLike(value);
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is a buffer.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 4.3.0
   * @category Lang
   * @param {*} value The value to check.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a buffer, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.isBuffer(new Buffer(2));
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isBuffer(new Uint8Array(2));
   * // => false
   */
  var isBuffer = !Buffer ? constant(false) : function(value) {
    return value instanceof Buffer;
  };

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is an empty object, collection, map, or set.
   *
   * Objects are considered empty if they have no own enumerable string keyed
   * properties.
   *
   * Array-like values such as `arguments` objects, arrays, buffers, strings, or
   * jQuery-like collections are considered empty if they have a `length` of `0`.
   * Similarly, maps and sets are considered empty if they have a `size` of `0`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 0.1.0
   * @category Lang
   * @param {*} value The value to check.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is empty, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.isEmpty(null);
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isEmpty(true);
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isEmpty(1);
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isEmpty([1, 2, 3]);
   * // => false
   *
   * _.isEmpty({ 'a': 1 });
   * // => false
   */
  function isEmpty(value) {
    if (isArrayLike(value) &&
        (isArray(value) || isString(value) || isFunction(value.splice) ||
          isArguments(value) || isBuffer(value))) {
      return !value.length;
    }
    if (isObjectLike(value)) {
      var tag = getTag(value);
      if (tag == mapTag || tag == setTag) {
        return !value.size;
      }
    }
    for (var key in value) {
      if (hasOwnProperty.call(value, key)) {
        return false;
      }
    }
    return !(nonEnumShadows && keys(value).length);
  }

  /**
   * Performs a deep comparison between two values to determine if they are
   * equivalent.
   *
   * **Note:** This method supports comparing arrays, array buffers, booleans,
   * date objects, error objects, maps, numbers, `Object` objects, regexes,
   * sets, strings, symbols, and typed arrays. `Object` objects are compared
   * by their own, not inherited, enumerable properties. Functions and DOM
   * nodes are **not** supported.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 0.1.0
   * @category Lang
   * @param {*} value The value to compare.
   * @param {*} other The other value to compare.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the values are equivalent,
   *  else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * var object = { 'user': 'fred' };
   * var other = { 'user': 'fred' };
   *
   * _.isEqual(object, other);
   * // => true
   *
   * object === other;
   * // => false
   */
  function isEqual(value, other) {
    return baseIsEqual(value, other);
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is classified as a `Function` object.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 0.1.0
   * @category Lang
   * @param {*} value The value to check.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified,
   *  else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.isFunction(_);
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isFunction(/abc/);
   * // => false
   */
  function isFunction(value) {
    // The use of `Object#toString` avoids issues with the `typeof` operator
    // in Safari 8 which returns 'object' for typed array and weak map constructors,
    // and PhantomJS 1.9 which returns 'function' for `NodeList` instances.
    var tag = isObject(value) ? objectToString.call(value) : '';
    return tag == funcTag || tag == genTag;
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is a valid array-like length.
   *
   * **Note:** This function is loosely based on
   * [`ToLength`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-tolength).
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 4.0.0
   * @category Lang
   * @param {*} value The value to check.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a valid length,
   *  else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.isLength(3);
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isLength(Number.MIN_VALUE);
   * // => false
   *
   * _.isLength(Infinity);
   * // => false
   *
   * _.isLength('3');
   * // => false
   */
  function isLength(value) {
    return typeof value == 'number' &&
      value > -1 && value % 1 == 0 && value <= MAX_SAFE_INTEGER;
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is the
   * [language type](http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-ecmascript-language-types)
   * of `Object`. (e.g. arrays, functions, objects, regexes, `new Number(0)`, and `new String('')`)
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 0.1.0
   * @category Lang
   * @param {*} value The value to check.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is an object, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.isObject({});
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isObject([1, 2, 3]);
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isObject(_.noop);
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isObject(null);
   * // => false
   */
  function isObject(value) {
    var type = typeof value;
    return !!value && (type == 'object' || type == 'function');
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is object-like. A value is object-like if it's not `null`
   * and has a `typeof` result of "object".
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 4.0.0
   * @category Lang
   * @param {*} value The value to check.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is object-like, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.isObjectLike({});
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isObjectLike([1, 2, 3]);
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isObjectLike(_.noop);
   * // => false
   *
   * _.isObjectLike(null);
   * // => false
   */
  function isObjectLike(value) {
    return !!value && typeof value == 'object';
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is a native function.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 3.0.0
   * @category Lang
   * @param {*} value The value to check.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a native function,
   *  else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.isNative(Array.prototype.push);
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isNative(_);
   * // => false
   */
  function isNative(value) {
    if (!isObject(value)) {
      return false;
    }
    var pattern = (isFunction(value) || isHostObject(value)) ? reIsNative : reIsHostCtor;
    return pattern.test(toSource(value));
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is a plain object, that is, an object created by the
   * `Object` constructor or one with a `[[Prototype]]` of `null`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 0.8.0
   * @category Lang
   * @param {*} value The value to check.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a plain object,
   *  else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * function Foo() {
   *   this.a = 1;
   * }
   *
   * _.isPlainObject(new Foo);
   * // => false
   *
   * _.isPlainObject([1, 2, 3]);
   * // => false
   *
   * _.isPlainObject({ 'x': 0, 'y': 0 });
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isPlainObject(Object.create(null));
   * // => true
   */
  function isPlainObject(value) {
    if (!isObjectLike(value) ||
        objectToString.call(value) != objectTag || isHostObject(value)) {
      return false;
    }
    var proto = getPrototype(value);
    if (proto === null) {
      return true;
    }
    var Ctor = hasOwnProperty.call(proto, 'constructor') && proto.constructor;
    return (typeof Ctor == 'function' &&
      Ctor instanceof Ctor && funcToString.call(Ctor) == objectCtorString);
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is classified as a `String` primitive or object.
   *
   * @static
   * @since 0.1.0
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Lang
   * @param {*} value The value to check.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified,
   *  else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.isString('abc');
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isString(1);
   * // => false
   */
  function isString(value) {
    return typeof value == 'string' ||
      (!isArray(value) && isObjectLike(value) && objectToString.call(value) == stringTag);
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is classified as a `Symbol` primitive or object.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 4.0.0
   * @category Lang
   * @param {*} value The value to check.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified,
   *  else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.isSymbol(Symbol.iterator);
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isSymbol('abc');
   * // => false
   */
  function isSymbol(value) {
    return typeof value == 'symbol' ||
      (isObjectLike(value) && objectToString.call(value) == symbolTag);
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is classified as a typed array.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 3.0.0
   * @category Lang
   * @param {*} value The value to check.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified,
   *  else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.isTypedArray(new Uint8Array);
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isTypedArray([]);
   * // => false
   */
  function isTypedArray(value) {
    return isObjectLike(value) &&
      isLength(value.length) && !!typedArrayTags[objectToString.call(value)];
  }

  /**
   * Converts `value` to an array.
   *
   * @static
   * @since 0.1.0
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Lang
   * @param {*} value The value to convert.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the converted array.
   * @example
   *
   * _.toArray({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2 });
   * // => [1, 2]
   *
   * _.toArray('abc');
   * // => ['a', 'b', 'c']
   *
   * _.toArray(1);
   * // => []
   *
   * _.toArray(null);
   * // => []
   */
  function toArray(value) {
    if (!value) {
      return [];
    }
    if (isArrayLike(value)) {
      return isString(value) ? stringToArray(value) : copyArray(value);
    }
    if (iteratorSymbol && value[iteratorSymbol]) {
      return iteratorToArray(value[iteratorSymbol]());
    }
    var tag = getTag(value),
        func = tag == mapTag ? mapToArray : (tag == setTag ? setToArray : values);

    return func(value);
  }

  /**
   * Converts `value` to a finite number.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 4.12.0
   * @category Lang
   * @param {*} value The value to convert.
   * @returns {number} Returns the converted number.
   * @example
   *
   * _.toFinite(3.2);
   * // => 3.2
   *
   * _.toFinite(Number.MIN_VALUE);
   * // => 5e-324
   *
   * _.toFinite(Infinity);
   * // => 1.7976931348623157e+308
   *
   * _.toFinite('3.2');
   * // => 3.2
   */
  function toFinite(value) {
    if (!value) {
      return value === 0 ? value : 0;
    }
    value = toNumber(value);
    if (value === INFINITY || value === -INFINITY) {
      var sign = (value < 0 ? -1 : 1);
      return sign * MAX_INTEGER;
    }
    return value === value ? value : 0;
  }

  /**
   * Converts `value` to an integer.
   *
   * **Note:** This function is loosely based on
   * [`ToInteger`](http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-tointeger).
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 4.0.0
   * @category Lang
   * @param {*} value The value to convert.
   * @returns {number} Returns the converted integer.
   * @example
   *
   * _.toInteger(3.2);
   * // => 3
   *
   * _.toInteger(Number.MIN_VALUE);
   * // => 0
   *
   * _.toInteger(Infinity);
   * // => 1.7976931348623157e+308
   *
   * _.toInteger('3.2');
   * // => 3
   */
  function toInteger(value) {
    var result = toFinite(value),
        remainder = result % 1;

    return result === result ? (remainder ? result - remainder : result) : 0;
  }

  /**
   * Converts `value` to a number.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 4.0.0
   * @category Lang
   * @param {*} value The value to process.
   * @returns {number} Returns the number.
   * @example
   *
   * _.toNumber(3.2);
   * // => 3.2
   *
   * _.toNumber(Number.MIN_VALUE);
   * // => 5e-324
   *
   * _.toNumber(Infinity);
   * // => Infinity
   *
   * _.toNumber('3.2');
   * // => 3.2
   */
  function toNumber(value) {
    if (typeof value == 'number') {
      return value;
    }
    if (isSymbol(value)) {
      return NAN;
    }
    if (isObject(value)) {
      var other = isFunction(value.valueOf) ? value.valueOf() : value;
      value = isObject(other) ? (other + '') : other;
    }
    if (typeof value != 'string') {
      return value === 0 ? value : +value;
    }
    value = value.replace(reTrim, '');
    var isBinary = reIsBinary.test(value);
    return (isBinary || reIsOctal.test(value))
      ? freeParseInt(value.slice(2), isBinary ? 2 : 8)
      : (reIsBadHex.test(value) ? NAN : +value);
  }

  /**
   * Converts `value` to a plain object flattening inherited enumerable string
   * keyed properties of `value` to own properties of the plain object.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 3.0.0
   * @category Lang
   * @param {*} value The value to convert.
   * @returns {Object} Returns the converted plain object.
   * @example
   *
   * function Foo() {
   *   this.b = 2;
   * }
   *
   * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
   *
   * _.assign({ 'a': 1 }, new Foo);
   * // => { 'a': 1, 'b': 2 }
   *
   * _.assign({ 'a': 1 }, _.toPlainObject(new Foo));
   * // => { 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3 }
   */
  function toPlainObject(value) {
    return copyObject(value, keysIn(value));
  }

  /**
   * Converts `value` to a string. An empty string is returned for `null`
   * and `undefined` values. The sign of `-0` is preserved.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 4.0.0
   * @category Lang
   * @param {*} value The value to process.
   * @returns {string} Returns the string.
   * @example
   *
   * _.toString(null);
   * // => ''
   *
   * _.toString(-0);
   * // => '-0'
   *
   * _.toString([1, 2, 3]);
   * // => '1,2,3'
   */
  function toString(value) {
    return value == null ? '' : baseToString(value);
  }

  /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Assigns own enumerable string keyed properties of source objects to the
   * destination object. Source objects are applied from left to right.
   * Subsequent sources overwrite property assignments of previous sources.
   *
   * **Note:** This method mutates `object` and is loosely based on
   * [`Object.assign`](https://mdn.io/Object/assign).
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 0.10.0
   * @category Object
   * @param {Object} object The destination object.
   * @param {...Object} [sources] The source objects.
   * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
   * @see _.assignIn
   * @example
   *
   * function Foo() {
   *   this.c = 3;
   * }
   *
   * function Bar() {
   *   this.e = 5;
   * }
   *
   * Foo.prototype.d = 4;
   * Bar.prototype.f = 6;
   *
   * _.assign({ 'a': 1 }, new Foo, new Bar);
   * // => { 'a': 1, 'c': 3, 'e': 5 }
   */
  var assign = createAssigner(function(object, source) {
    if (nonEnumShadows || isPrototype(source) || isArrayLike(source)) {
      copyObject(source, keys(source), object);
      return;
    }
    for (var key in source) {
      if (hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {
        assignValue(object, key, source[key]);
      }
    }
  });

  /**
   * This method is like `_.assign` except that it iterates over own and
   * inherited source properties.
   *
   * **Note:** This method mutates `object`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 4.0.0
   * @alias extend
   * @category Object
   * @param {Object} object The destination object.
   * @param {...Object} [sources] The source objects.
   * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
   * @see _.assign
   * @example
   *
   * function Foo() {
   *   this.b = 2;
   * }
   *
   * function Bar() {
   *   this.d = 4;
   * }
   *
   * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
   * Bar.prototype.e = 5;
   *
   * _.assignIn({ 'a': 1 }, new Foo, new Bar);
   * // => { 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3, 'd': 4, 'e': 5 }
   */
  var assignIn = createAssigner(function(object, source) {
    if (nonEnumShadows || isPrototype(source) || isArrayLike(source)) {
      copyObject(source, keysIn(source), object);
      return;
    }
    for (var key in source) {
      assignValue(object, key, source[key]);
    }
  });

  /**
   * Iterates over own enumerable string keyed properties of an object and
   * invokes `iteratee` for each property. The iteratee is invoked with three
   * arguments: (value, key, object). Iteratee functions may exit iteration
   * early by explicitly returning `false`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 0.3.0
   * @category Object
   * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
   * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
   * @see _.forOwnRight
   * @example
   *
   * function Foo() {
   *   this.a = 1;
   *   this.b = 2;
   * }
   *
   * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
   *
   * _.forOwn(new Foo, function(value, key) {
   *   console.log(key);
   * });
   * // => Logs 'a' then 'b' (iteration order is not guaranteed).
   */
  function forOwn(object, iteratee) {
    return object && baseForOwn(object, getIteratee(iteratee, 3));
  }

  /**
   * Gets the value at `path` of `object`. If the resolved value is
   * `undefined`, the `defaultValue` is used in its place.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 3.7.0
   * @category Object
   * @param {Object} object The object to query.
   * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to get.
   * @param {*} [defaultValue] The value returned for `undefined` resolved values.
   * @returns {*} Returns the resolved value.
   * @example
   *
   * var object = { 'a': [{ 'b': { 'c': 3 } }] };
   *
   * _.get(object, 'a[0].b.c');
   * // => 3
   *
   * _.get(object, ['a', '0', 'b', 'c']);
   * // => 3
   *
   * _.get(object, 'a.b.c', 'default');
   * // => 'default'
   */
  function get(object, path, defaultValue) {
    var result = object == null ? undefined : baseGet(object, path);
    return result === undefined ? defaultValue : result;
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `path` is a direct or inherited property of `object`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 4.0.0
   * @category Object
   * @param {Object} object The object to query.
   * @param {Array|string} path The path to check.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `path` exists, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * var object = _.create({ 'a': _.create({ 'b': 2 }) });
   *
   * _.hasIn(object, 'a');
   * // => true
   *
   * _.hasIn(object, 'a.b');
   * // => true
   *
   * _.hasIn(object, ['a', 'b']);
   * // => true
   *
   * _.hasIn(object, 'b');
   * // => false
   */
  function hasIn(object, path) {
    return object != null && hasPath(object, path, baseHasIn);
  }

  /**
   * Creates an array of the own enumerable property names of `object`.
   *
   * **Note:** Non-object values are coerced to objects. See the
   * [ES spec](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-object.keys)
   * for more details.
   *
   * @static
   * @since 0.1.0
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Object
   * @param {Object} object The object to query.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property names.
   * @example
   *
   * function Foo() {
   *   this.a = 1;
   *   this.b = 2;
   * }
   *
   * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
   *
   * _.keys(new Foo);
   * // => ['a', 'b'] (iteration order is not guaranteed)
   *
   * _.keys('hi');
   * // => ['0', '1']
   */
  function keys(object) {
    var isProto = isPrototype(object);
    if (!(isProto || isArrayLike(object))) {
      return baseKeys(object);
    }
    var indexes = indexKeys(object),
        skipIndexes = !!indexes,
        result = indexes || [],
        length = result.length;

    for (var key in object) {
      if (baseHas(object, key) &&
          !(skipIndexes && (key == 'length' || isIndex(key, length))) &&
          !(isProto && key == 'constructor')) {
        result.push(key);
      }
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Creates an array of the own and inherited enumerable property names of `object`.
   *
   * **Note:** Non-object values are coerced to objects.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 3.0.0
   * @category Object
   * @param {Object} object The object to query.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property names.
   * @example
   *
   * function Foo() {
   *   this.a = 1;
   *   this.b = 2;
   * }
   *
   * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
   *
   * _.keysIn(new Foo);
   * // => ['a', 'b', 'c'] (iteration order is not guaranteed)
   */
  function keysIn(object) {
    var index = -1,
        isProto = isPrototype(object),
        props = baseKeysIn(object),
        propsLength = props.length,
        indexes = indexKeys(object),
        skipIndexes = !!indexes,
        result = indexes || [],
        length = result.length;

    while (++index < propsLength) {
      var key = props[index];
      if (!(skipIndexes && (key == 'length' || isIndex(key, length))) &&
          !(key == 'constructor' && (isProto || !hasOwnProperty.call(object, key)))) {
        result.push(key);
      }
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * This method is like `_.assign` except that it recursively merges own and
   * inherited enumerable string keyed properties of source objects into the
   * destination object. Source properties that resolve to `undefined` are
   * skipped if a destination value exists. Array and plain object properties
   * are merged recursively. Other objects and value types are overridden by
   * assignment. Source objects are applied from left to right. Subsequent
   * sources overwrite property assignments of previous sources.
   *
   * **Note:** This method mutates `object`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 0.5.0
   * @category Object
   * @param {Object} object The destination object.
   * @param {...Object} [sources] The source objects.
   * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
   * @example
   *
   * var users = {
   *   'data': [{ 'user': 'barney' }, { 'user': 'fred' }]
   * };
   *
   * var ages = {
   *   'data': [{ 'age': 36 }, { 'age': 40 }]
   * };
   *
   * _.merge(users, ages);
   * // => { 'data': [{ 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 }, { 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40 }] }
   */
  var merge = createAssigner(function(object, source, srcIndex) {
    baseMerge(object, source, srcIndex);
  });

  /**
   * The opposite of `_.pick`; this method creates an object composed of the
   * own and inherited enumerable string keyed properties of `object` that are
   * not omitted.
   *
   * @static
   * @since 0.1.0
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Object
   * @param {Object} object The source object.
   * @param {...(string|string[])} [props] The property identifiers to omit.
   * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
   * @example
   *
   * var object = { 'a': 1, 'b': '2', 'c': 3 };
   *
   * _.omit(object, ['a', 'c']);
   * // => { 'b': '2' }
   */
  var omit = rest(function(object, props) {
    if (object == null) {
      return {};
    }
    props = arrayMap(baseFlatten(props, 1), toKey);
    return basePick(object, baseDifference(getAllKeysIn(object), props));
  });

  /**
   * Creates an object composed of the picked `object` properties.
   *
   * @static
   * @since 0.1.0
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Object
   * @param {Object} object The source object.
   * @param {...(string|string[])} [props] The property identifiers to pick.
   * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
   * @example
   *
   * var object = { 'a': 1, 'b': '2', 'c': 3 };
   *
   * _.pick(object, ['a', 'c']);
   * // => { 'a': 1, 'c': 3 }
   */
  var pick = rest(function(object, props) {
    return object == null ? {} : basePick(object, arrayMap(baseFlatten(props, 1), toKey));
  });

  /**
   * Creates an array of own enumerable string keyed-value pairs for `object`
   * which can be consumed by `_.fromPairs`. If `object` is a map or set, its
   * entries are returned.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 4.0.0
   * @alias entries
   * @category Object
   * @param {Object} object The object to query.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the key-value pairs.
   * @example
   *
   * function Foo() {
   *   this.a = 1;
   *   this.b = 2;
   * }
   *
   * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
   *
   * _.toPairs(new Foo);
   * // => [['a', 1], ['b', 2]] (iteration order is not guaranteed)
   */
  var toPairs = createToPairs(keys);

  /**
   * Creates an array of the own enumerable string keyed property values of `object`.
   *
   * **Note:** Non-object values are coerced to objects.
   *
   * @static
   * @since 0.1.0
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Object
   * @param {Object} object The object to query.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property values.
   * @example
   *
   * function Foo() {
   *   this.a = 1;
   *   this.b = 2;
   * }
   *
   * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
   *
   * _.values(new Foo);
   * // => [1, 2] (iteration order is not guaranteed)
   *
   * _.values('hi');
   * // => ['h', 'i']
   */
  function values(object) {
    return object ? baseValues(object, keys(object)) : [];
  }

  /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Creates a function that returns `value`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 2.4.0
   * @category Util
   * @param {*} value The value to return from the new function.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new constant function.
   * @example
   *
   * var object = { 'user': 'fred' };
   * var getter = _.constant(object);
   *
   * getter() === object;
   * // => true
   */
  function constant(value) {
    return function() {
      return value;
    };
  }

  /**
   * This method returns the first argument given to it.
   *
   * @static
   * @since 0.1.0
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Util
   * @param {*} value Any value.
   * @returns {*} Returns `value`.
   * @example
   *
   * var object = { 'user': 'fred' };
   *
   * _.identity(object) === object;
   * // => true
   */
  function identity(value) {
    return value;
  }

  /**
   * Creates a function that invokes `func` with the arguments of the created
   * function. If `func` is a property name, the created function returns the
   * property value for a given element. If `func` is an array or object, the
   * created function returns `true` for elements that contain the equivalent
   * source properties, otherwise it returns `false`.
   *
   * @static
   * @since 4.0.0
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Util
   * @param {*} [func=_.identity] The value to convert to a callback.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the callback.
   * @example
   *
   * var users = [
   *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'active': true },
   *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40, 'active': false }
   * ];
   *
   * // The `_.matches` iteratee shorthand.
   * _.filter(users, _.iteratee({ 'user': 'barney', 'active': true }));
   * // => [{ 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'active': true }]
   *
   * // The `_.matchesProperty` iteratee shorthand.
   * _.filter(users, _.iteratee(['user', 'fred']));
   * // => [{ 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40 }]
   *
   * // The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.
   * _.map(users, _.iteratee('user'));
   * // => ['barney', 'fred']
   *
   * // Create custom iteratee shorthands.
   * _.iteratee = _.wrap(_.iteratee, function(iteratee, func) {
   *   return !_.isRegExp(func) ? iteratee(func) : function(string) {
   *     return func.test(string);
   *   };
   * });
   *
   * _.filter(['abc', 'def'], /ef/);
   * // => ['def']
   */
  function iteratee(func) {
    return baseIteratee(typeof func == 'function' ? func : baseClone(func, true));
  }

  /**
   * Adds all own enumerable string keyed function properties of a source
   * object to the destination object. If `object` is a function, then methods
   * are added to its prototype as well.
   *
   * **Note:** Use `_.runInContext` to create a pristine `lodash` function to
   * avoid conflicts caused by modifying the original.
   *
   * @static
   * @since 0.1.0
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Util
   * @param {Function|Object} [object=lodash] The destination object.
   * @param {Object} source The object of functions to add.
   * @param {Object} [options={}] The options object.
   * @param {boolean} [options.chain=true] Specify whether mixins are chainable.
   * @returns {Function|Object} Returns `object`.
   * @example
   *
   * function vowels(string) {
   *   return _.filter(string, function(v) {
   *     return /[aeiou]/i.test(v);
   *   });
   * }
   *
   * _.mixin({ 'vowels': vowels });
   * _.vowels('fred');
   * // => ['e']
   *
   * _('fred').vowels().value();
   * // => ['e']
   *
   * _.mixin({ 'vowels': vowels }, { 'chain': false });
   * _('fred').vowels();
   * // => ['e']
   */
  function mixin(object, source, options) {
    var props = keys(source),
        methodNames = baseFunctions(source, props);

    if (options == null &&
        !(isObject(source) && (methodNames.length || !props.length))) {
      options = source;
      source = object;
      object = this;
      methodNames = baseFunctions(source, keys(source));
    }
    var chain = !(isObject(options) && 'chain' in options) || !!options.chain,
        isFunc = isFunction(object);

    arrayEach(methodNames, function(methodName) {
      var func = source[methodName];
      object[methodName] = func;
      if (isFunc) {
        object.prototype[methodName] = function() {
          var chainAll = this.__chain__;
          if (chain || chainAll) {
            var result = object(this.__wrapped__),
                actions = result.__actions__ = copyArray(this.__actions__);

            actions.push({ 'func': func, 'args': arguments, 'thisArg': object });
            result.__chain__ = chainAll;
            return result;
          }
          return func.apply(object, arrayPush([this.value()], arguments));
        };
      }
    });

    return object;
  }

  /**
   * A no-operation function that returns `undefined` regardless of the
   * arguments it receives.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 2.3.0
   * @category Util
   * @example
   *
   * var object = { 'user': 'fred' };
   *
   * _.noop(object) === undefined;
   * // => true
   */
  function noop() {
    // No operation performed.
  }

  /**
   * Creates a function that returns the value at `path` of a given object.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 2.4.0
   * @category Util
   * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to get.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new accessor function.
   * @example
   *
   * var objects = [
   *   { 'a': { 'b': 2 } },
   *   { 'a': { 'b': 1 } }
   * ];
   *
   * _.map(objects, _.property('a.b'));
   * // => [2, 1]
   *
   * _.map(_.sortBy(objects, _.property(['a', 'b'])), 'a.b');
   * // => [1, 2]
   */
  function property(path) {
    return isKey(path) ? baseProperty(toKey(path)) : basePropertyDeep(path);
  }

  /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  // Add methods that return wrapped values in chain sequences.
  lodash.assign = assign;
  lodash.assignIn = assignIn;
  lodash.bind = bind;
  lodash.chain = chain;
  lodash.chunk = chunk;
  lodash.compact = compact;
  lodash.constant = constant;
  lodash.debounce = debounce;
  lodash.difference = difference;
  lodash.filter = filter;
  lodash.flatten = flatten;
  lodash.groupBy = groupBy;
  lodash.intersection = intersection;
  lodash.iteratee = iteratee;
  lodash.keys = keys;
  lodash.keysIn = keysIn;
  lodash.map = map;
  lodash.memoize = memoize;
  lodash.merge = merge;
  lodash.mixin = mixin;
  lodash.omit = omit;
  lodash.pick = pick;
  lodash.property = property;
  lodash.reject = reject;
  lodash.rest = rest;
  lodash.reverse = reverse;
  lodash.tap = tap;
  lodash.throttle = throttle;
  lodash.thru = thru;
  lodash.toArray = toArray;
  lodash.toPairs = toPairs;
  lodash.toPlainObject = toPlainObject;
  lodash.union = union;
  lodash.uniq = uniq;
  lodash.values = values;
  lodash.without = without;

  // Add aliases.
  lodash.entries = toPairs;
  lodash.extend = assignIn;

  // Add methods to `lodash.prototype`.
  mixin(lodash, lodash);

  /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  // Add methods that return unwrapped values in chain sequences.
  lodash.clone = clone;
  lodash.cloneDeep = cloneDeep;
  lodash.eq = eq;
  lodash.every = every;
  lodash.find = find;
  lodash.forEach = forEach;
  lodash.forOwn = forOwn;
  lodash.get = get;
  lodash.hasIn = hasIn;
  lodash.head = head;
  lodash.identity = identity;
  lodash.includes = includes;
  lodash.indexOf = indexOf;
  lodash.isArguments = isArguments;
  lodash.isArray = isArray;
  lodash.isArrayLike = isArrayLike;
  lodash.isArrayLikeObject = isArrayLikeObject;
  lodash.isBuffer = isBuffer;
  lodash.isEmpty = isEmpty;
  lodash.isEqual = isEqual;
  lodash.isFunction = isFunction;
  lodash.isLength = isLength;
  lodash.isNative = isNative;
  lodash.isObject = isObject;
  lodash.isObjectLike = isObjectLike;
  lodash.isPlainObject = isPlainObject;
  lodash.isString = isString;
  lodash.isSymbol = isSymbol;
  lodash.isTypedArray = isTypedArray;
  lodash.last = last;
  lodash.noop = noop;
  lodash.now = now;
  lodash.reduce = reduce;
  lodash.some = some;
  lodash.toFinite = toFinite;
  lodash.toInteger = toInteger;
  lodash.toNumber = toNumber;
  lodash.toString = toString;

  // Add aliases.
  lodash.each = forEach;
  lodash.first = head;

  mixin(lodash, (function() {
    var source = {};
    baseForOwn(lodash, function(func, methodName) {
      if (!hasOwnProperty.call(lodash.prototype, methodName)) {
        source[methodName] = func;
      }
    });
    return source;
  }()), { 'chain': false });

  /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * The semantic version number.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @type {string}
   */
  lodash.VERSION = VERSION;

  // Assign default placeholders.
  bind.placeholder = lodash;

  // Add `LazyWrapper` methods for `_.drop` and `_.take` variants.
  arrayEach(['drop', 'take'], function(methodName, index) {
    LazyWrapper.prototype[methodName] = function(n) {
      var filtered = this.__filtered__;
      if (filtered && !index) {
        return new LazyWrapper(this);
      }
      n = n === undefined ? 1 : nativeMax(toInteger(n), 0);

      var result = this.clone();
      if (filtered) {
        result.__takeCount__ = nativeMin(n, result.__takeCount__);
      } else {
        result.__views__.push({
          'size': nativeMin(n, MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH),
          'type': methodName + (result.__dir__ < 0 ? 'Right' : '')
        });
      }
      return result;
    };

    LazyWrapper.prototype[methodName + 'Right'] = function(n) {
      return this.reverse()[methodName](n).reverse();
    };
  });

  // Add `LazyWrapper` methods that accept an `iteratee` value.
  arrayEach(['filter', 'map', 'takeWhile'], function(methodName, index) {
    var type = index + 1,
        isFilter = type == LAZY_FILTER_FLAG || type == LAZY_WHILE_FLAG;

    LazyWrapper.prototype[methodName] = function(iteratee) {
      var result = this.clone();
      result.__iteratees__.push({
        'iteratee': getIteratee(iteratee, 3),
        'type': type
      });
      result.__filtered__ = result.__filtered__ || isFilter;
      return result;
    };
  });

  // Add `LazyWrapper` methods for `_.head` and `_.last`.
  arrayEach(['head', 'last'], function(methodName, index) {
    var takeName = 'take' + (index ? 'Right' : '');

    LazyWrapper.prototype[methodName] = function() {
      return this[takeName](1).value()[0];
    };
  });

  // Add `LazyWrapper` methods for `_.initial` and `_.tail`.
  arrayEach(['initial', 'tail'], function(methodName, index) {
    var dropName = 'drop' + (index ? '' : 'Right');

    LazyWrapper.prototype[methodName] = function() {
      return this.__filtered__ ? new LazyWrapper(this) : this[dropName](1);
    };
  });

  LazyWrapper.prototype.compact = function() {
    return this.filter(identity);
  };

  LazyWrapper.prototype.find = function(predicate) {
    return this.filter(predicate).head();
  };

  LazyWrapper.prototype.findLast = function(predicate) {
    return this.reverse().find(predicate);
  };

  LazyWrapper.prototype.invokeMap = rest(function(path, args) {
    if (typeof path == 'function') {
      return new LazyWrapper(this);
    }
    return this.map(function(value) {
      return baseInvoke(value, path, args);
    });
  });

  LazyWrapper.prototype.reject = function(predicate) {
    predicate = getIteratee(predicate, 3);
    return this.filter(function(value) {
      return !predicate(value);
    });
  };

  LazyWrapper.prototype.slice = function(start, end) {
    start = toInteger(start);

    var result = this;
    if (result.__filtered__ && (start > 0 || end < 0)) {
      return new LazyWrapper(result);
    }
    if (start < 0) {
      result = result.takeRight(-start);
    } else if (start) {
      result = result.drop(start);
    }
    if (end !== undefined) {
      end = toInteger(end);
      result = end < 0 ? result.dropRight(-end) : result.take(end - start);
    }
    return result;
  };

  LazyWrapper.prototype.takeRightWhile = function(predicate) {
    return this.reverse().takeWhile(predicate).reverse();
  };

  LazyWrapper.prototype.toArray = function() {
    return this.take(MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH);
  };

  // Add `LazyWrapper` methods to `lodash.prototype`.
  baseForOwn(LazyWrapper.prototype, function(func, methodName) {
    var checkIteratee = /^(?:filter|find|map|reject)|While$/.test(methodName),
        isTaker = /^(?:head|last)$/.test(methodName),
        lodashFunc = lodash[isTaker ? ('take' + (methodName == 'last' ? 'Right' : '')) : methodName],
        retUnwrapped = isTaker || /^find/.test(methodName);

    if (!lodashFunc) {
      return;
    }
    lodash.prototype[methodName] = function() {
      var value = this.__wrapped__,
          args = isTaker ? [1] : arguments,
          isLazy = value instanceof LazyWrapper,
          iteratee = args[0],
          useLazy = isLazy || isArray(value);

      var interceptor = function(value) {
        var result = lodashFunc.apply(lodash, arrayPush([value], args));
        return (isTaker && chainAll) ? result[0] : result;
      };

      if (useLazy && checkIteratee && typeof iteratee == 'function' && iteratee.length != 1) {
        // Avoid lazy use if the iteratee has a "length" value other than `1`.
        isLazy = useLazy = false;
      }
      var chainAll = this.__chain__,
          isHybrid = !!this.__actions__.length,
          isUnwrapped = retUnwrapped && !chainAll,
          onlyLazy = isLazy && !isHybrid;

      if (!retUnwrapped && useLazy) {
        value = onlyLazy ? value : new LazyWrapper(this);
        var result = func.apply(value, args);
        result.__actions__.push({ 'func': thru, 'args': [interceptor], 'thisArg': undefined });
        return new LodashWrapper(result, chainAll);
      }
      if (isUnwrapped && onlyLazy) {
        return func.apply(this, args);
      }
      result = this.thru(interceptor);
      return isUnwrapped ? (isTaker ? result.value()[0] : result.value()) : result;
    };
  });

  // Add `Array` methods to `lodash.prototype`.
  arrayEach(['pop', 'push', 'shift', 'sort', 'splice', 'unshift'], function(methodName) {
    var func = arrayProto[methodName],
        chainName = /^(?:push|sort|unshift)$/.test(methodName) ? 'tap' : 'thru',
        retUnwrapped = /^(?:pop|shift)$/.test(methodName);

    lodash.prototype[methodName] = function() {
      var args = arguments;
      if (retUnwrapped && !this.__chain__) {
        var value = this.value();
        return func.apply(isArray(value) ? value : [], args);
      }
      return this[chainName](function(value) {
        return func.apply(isArray(value) ? value : [], args);
      });
    };
  });

  // Map minified method names to their real names.
  baseForOwn(LazyWrapper.prototype, function(func, methodName) {
    var lodashFunc = lodash[methodName];
    if (lodashFunc) {
      var key = (lodashFunc.name + ''),
          names = realNames[key] || (realNames[key] = []);

      names.push({ 'name': methodName, 'func': lodashFunc });
    }
  });

  realNames[createHybridWrapper(undefined, BIND_KEY_FLAG).name] = [{
    'name': 'wrapper',
    'func': undefined
  }];

  // Add methods to `LazyWrapper`.
  LazyWrapper.prototype.clone = lazyClone;
  LazyWrapper.prototype.reverse = lazyReverse;
  LazyWrapper.prototype.value = lazyValue;

  // Add chain sequence methods to the `lodash` wrapper.
  lodash.prototype.chain = wrapperChain;
  lodash.prototype.commit = wrapperCommit;
  lodash.prototype.next = wrapperNext;
  lodash.prototype.plant = wrapperPlant;
  lodash.prototype.reverse = wrapperReverse;
  lodash.prototype.toJSON = lodash.prototype.valueOf = lodash.prototype.value = wrapperValue;

  if (iteratorSymbol) {
    lodash.prototype[iteratorSymbol] = wrapperToIterator;
  }

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  // Expose Lodash on the free variable `window` or `self` when available so it's
  // globally accessible, even when bundled with Browserify, Webpack, etc. This
  // also prevents errors in cases where Lodash is loaded by a script tag in the
  // presence of an AMD loader. See http://requirejs.org/docs/errors.html#mismatch
  // for more details. Use `_.noConflict` to remove Lodash from the global object.
  (freeWindow || freeSelf || {})._ = lodash;

  if (freeExports && freeModule) {
    // Export for Node.js.
    if (moduleExports) {
      (freeModule.exports = lodash)._ = lodash;
    }
    // Export for CommonJS support.
    freeExports._ = lodash;
  }
  else {
    // Export to the global object.
    root._ = lodash;
  }
}.call(this));
(function(e){if("function"==typeof bootstrap)bootstrap("osmauth",e);else if("object"==typeof exports)module.exports=e();else if("function"==typeof define&&define.amd)define(e);else if("undefined"!=typeof ses){if(!ses.ok())return;ses.makeOsmAuth=e}else"undefined"!=typeof window?window.osmAuth=e():global.osmAuth=e()})(function(){var define,ses,bootstrap,module,exports;
return (function(e,t,n){function i(n,s){if(!t[n]){if(!e[n]){var o=typeof require=="function"&&require;if(!s&&o)return o(n,!0);if(r)return r(n,!0);throw new Error("Cannot find module '"+n+"'")}var u=t[n]={exports:{}};e[n][0].call(u.exports,function(t){var r=e[n][1][t];return i(r?r:t)},u,u.exports)}return t[n].exports}var r=typeof require=="function"&&require;for(var s=0;s<n.length;s++)i(n[s]);return i})({1:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

var ohauth = require('ohauth'),
    xtend = require('xtend'),
    store = require('store');

// # osm-auth
//
// This code is only compatible with IE10+ because the [XDomainRequest](http://bit.ly/LfO7xo)
// object, IE<10's idea of [CORS](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-origin_resource_sharing),
// does not support custom headers, which this uses everywhere.
module.exports = function(o) {

    var oauth = {};

    // authenticated users will also have a request token secret, but it's
    // not used in transactions with the server
    oauth.authenticated = function() {
        return !!(token('oauth_token') && token('oauth_token_secret'));
    };

    oauth.logout = function() {
        token('oauth_token', '');
        token('oauth_token_secret', '');
        token('oauth_request_token_secret', '');
        return oauth;
    };

    // TODO: detect lack of click event
    oauth.authenticate = function(callback) {
        if (oauth.authenticated()) return callback();

        oauth.logout();

        // ## Getting a request token
        var params = timenonce(getAuth(o)),
            url = o.url + '/oauth/request_token',
            timer;

        params.oauth_signature = ohauth.signature(
            o.oauth_secret, '',
            ohauth.baseString('POST', url, params));

        if (!o.singlepage) {
            // Create a 600x550 popup window in the center of the screen
            var w = 600, h = 550,
                settings = [
                    ['width', w], ['height', h],
                    ['left', screen.width / 2 - w / 2],
                    ['top', screen.height / 2 - h / 2]].map(function(x) {
                        return x.join('=');
                    }).join(','),
                popup = window.open('about:blank', 'oauth_window', settings);


            timer = setInterval(function() {
                if (popup.closed) {
                    o.done();
                    clearInterval(timer);
                    callback('not authenticated', null);
                }
            }, 100);
        }

        // Request a request token. When this is complete, the popup
        // window is redirected to OSM's authorization page.
        ohauth.xhr('POST', url, params, null, {}, reqTokenDone);
        o.loading();

        function reqTokenDone(err, xhr) {
            o.done();
            if (err) {
                if (timer) clearInterval(timer);
                return callback(err);
            }
            var resp = ohauth.stringQs(xhr.response);
            token('oauth_request_token_secret', resp.oauth_token_secret);
            var authorize_url = o.url + '/oauth/authorize?' + ohauth.qsString({
                oauth_token: resp.oauth_token,
                oauth_callback: location.href.replace('index.html', '')
                    .replace(/#.*/, '') + o.landing
            });

            if (o.singlepage) {
                location.href = authorize_url;
            } else {
                popup.location = authorize_url;
            }
        }

        // Called by a function in a landing page, in the popup window. The
        // window closes itself.
        window.authComplete = function(token) {
            if (timer) clearInterval(timer);
            var oauth_token = ohauth.stringQs(token.split('?')[1]);
            get_access_token(oauth_token.oauth_token);
            delete window.authComplete;
        };

        // ## Getting an request token
        //
        // At this point we have an `oauth_token`, brought in from a function
        // call on a landing page popup.
        function get_access_token(oauth_token) {
            var url = o.url + '/oauth/access_token',
                params = timenonce(getAuth(o)),
                request_token_secret = token('oauth_request_token_secret');
            params.oauth_token = oauth_token;
            params.oauth_signature = ohauth.signature(
                o.oauth_secret,
                request_token_secret,
                ohauth.baseString('POST', url, params));

            // ## Getting an access token
            //
            // The final token required for authentication. At this point
            // we have a `request token secret`
            ohauth.xhr('POST', url, params, null, {}, accessTokenDone);
            o.loading();
        }

        function accessTokenDone(err, xhr) {
            o.done();
            if (timer) clearInterval(timer);
            if (err) return callback(err);
            var access_token = ohauth.stringQs(xhr.response);
            token('oauth_token', access_token.oauth_token);
            token('oauth_token_secret', access_token.oauth_token_secret);
            callback(null, oauth);
        }
    };

    oauth.bootstrapToken = function(oauth_token, callback) {
        // ## Getting an request token
        // At this point we have an `oauth_token`, brought in from a function
        // call on a landing page popup.
        function get_access_token(oauth_token) {
            var url = o.url + '/oauth/access_token',
                params = timenonce(getAuth(o)),
                request_token_secret = token('oauth_request_token_secret');
            params.oauth_token = oauth_token;
            params.oauth_signature = ohauth.signature(
                o.oauth_secret,
                request_token_secret,
                ohauth.baseString('POST', url, params));

            // ## Getting an access token
            // The final token required for authentication. At this point
            // we have a `request token secret`
            ohauth.xhr('POST', url, params, null, {}, accessTokenDone);
            o.loading();
        }

        function accessTokenDone(err, xhr) {
            o.done();
            if (err) return callback(err);
            var access_token = ohauth.stringQs(xhr.response);
            token('oauth_token', access_token.oauth_token);
            token('oauth_token_secret', access_token.oauth_token_secret);
            callback(null, oauth);
        }

        get_access_token(oauth_token);
    };

    // # xhr
    //
    // A single XMLHttpRequest wrapper that does authenticated calls if the
    // user has logged in.
    oauth.xhr = function(options, callback) {
        if (!oauth.authenticated()) {
            if (o.auto) return oauth.authenticate(run);
            else return callback('not authenticated', null);
        } else return run();

        function run() {
            var params = timenonce(getAuth(o)),
                url = o.url + options.path,
                oauth_token_secret = token('oauth_token_secret');

            // https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5849#section-3.4.1.3.1
            if ((!options.options || !options.options.header ||
                options.options.header['Content-Type'] === 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded') &&
                options.content) {
                params = xtend(params, ohauth.stringQs(options.content));
            }

            params.oauth_token = token('oauth_token');
            params.oauth_signature = ohauth.signature(
                o.oauth_secret,
                oauth_token_secret,
                ohauth.baseString(options.method, url, params));

            ohauth.xhr(options.method,
                url, params, options.content, options.options, done);
        }

        function done(err, xhr) {
            if (err) return callback(err);
            else if (xhr.responseXML) return callback(err, xhr.responseXML);
            else return callback(err, xhr.response);
        }
    };

    // pre-authorize this object, if we can just get a token and token_secret
    // from the start
    oauth.preauth = function(c) {
        if (!c) return;
        if (c.oauth_token) token('oauth_token', c.oauth_token);
        if (c.oauth_token_secret) token('oauth_token_secret', c.oauth_token_secret);
        return oauth;
    };

    oauth.options = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return o;

        o = _;

        o.url = o.url || 'http://www.openstreetmap.org';
        o.landing = o.landing || 'land.html';

        o.singlepage = o.singlepage || false;

        // Optional loading and loading-done functions for nice UI feedback.
        // by default, no-ops
        o.loading = o.loading || function() {};
        o.done = o.done || function() {};

        return oauth.preauth(o);
    };

    // 'stamp' an authentication object from `getAuth()`
    // with a [nonce](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographic_nonce)
    // and timestamp
    function timenonce(o) {
        o.oauth_timestamp = ohauth.timestamp();
        o.oauth_nonce = ohauth.nonce();
        return o;
    }

    // get/set tokens. These are prefixed with the base URL so that `osm-auth`
    // can be used with multiple APIs and the keys in `localStorage`
    // will not clash
    var token;

    if (store.enabled) {
        token = function (x, y) {
            if (arguments.length === 1) return store.get(o.url + x);
            else if (arguments.length === 2) return store.set(o.url + x, y);
        };
    } else {
        var storage = {};
        token = function (x, y) {
            if (arguments.length === 1) return storage[o.url + x];
            else if (arguments.length === 2) return storage[o.url + x] = y;
        };
    }

    // Get an authentication object. If you just add and remove properties
    // from a single object, you'll need to use `delete` to make sure that
    // it doesn't contain undesired properties for authentication
    function getAuth(o) {
        return {
            oauth_consumer_key: o.oauth_consumer_key,
            oauth_signature_method: "HMAC-SHA1"
        };
    }

    // potentially pre-authorize
    oauth.options(o);

    return oauth;
};

},{"ohauth":2,"store":3,"xtend":4}],3:[function(require,module,exports){
(function(global){;(function(win){
        var store = {},
                doc = win.document,
                localStorageName = 'localStorage',
                storage

        store.disabled = false
        store.set = function(key, value) {}
        store.get = function(key) {}
        store.remove = function(key) {}
        store.clear = function() {}
        store.transact = function(key, defaultVal, transactionFn) {
                var val = store.get(key)
                if (transactionFn == null) {
                        transactionFn = defaultVal
                        defaultVal = null
                }
                if (typeof val == 'undefined') { val = defaultVal || {} }
                transactionFn(val)
                store.set(key, val)
        }
        store.getAll = function() {}
        store.forEach = function() {}

        store.serialize = function(value) {
                return JSON.stringify(value)
        }
        store.deserialize = function(value) {
                if (typeof value != 'string') { return undefined }
                try { return JSON.parse(value) }
                catch(e) { return value || undefined }
        }

        // Functions to encapsulate questionable FireFox 3.6.13 behavior
        // when about.config::dom.storage.enabled === false
        // See https://github.com/marcuswestin/store.js/issues#issue/13
        function isLocalStorageNameSupported() {
                try { return (localStorageName in win && win[localStorageName]) }
                catch(err) { return false }
        }

        if (isLocalStorageNameSupported()) {
                storage = win[localStorageName]
                store.set = function(key, val) {
                        if (val === undefined) { return store.remove(key) }
                        storage.setItem(key, store.serialize(val))
                        return val
                }
                store.get = function(key) { return store.deserialize(storage.getItem(key)) }
                store.remove = function(key) { storage.removeItem(key) }
                store.clear = function() { storage.clear() }
                store.getAll = function() {
                        var ret = {}
                        store.forEach(function(key, val) {
                                ret[key] = val
                        })
                        return ret
                }
                store.forEach = function(callback) {
                        for (var i=0; i<storage.length; i++) {
                                var key = storage.key(i)
                                callback(key, store.get(key))
                        }
                }
        } else if (doc.documentElement.addBehavior) {
                var storageOwner,
                        storageContainer
                // Since #userData storage applies only to specific paths, we need to
                // somehow link our data to a specific path.  We choose /favicon.ico
                // as a pretty safe option, since all browsers already make a request to
                // this URL anyway and being a 404 will not hurt us here.  We wrap an
                // iframe pointing to the favicon in an ActiveXObject(htmlfile) object
                // (see: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa752574(v=VS.85).aspx)
                // since the iframe access rules appear to allow direct access and
                // manipulation of the document element, even for a 404 page.  This
                // document can be used instead of the current document (which would
                // have been limited to the current path) to perform #userData storage.
                try {
                        storageContainer = new ActiveXObject('htmlfile')
                        storageContainer.open()
                        storageContainer.write('<s' + 'cript>document.w=window</s' + 'cript><iframe src="/favicon.ico"></iframe>')
                        storageContainer.close()
                        storageOwner = storageContainer.w.frames[0].document
                        storage = storageOwner.createElement('div')
                } catch(e) {
                        // somehow ActiveXObject instantiation failed (perhaps some special
                        // security settings or otherwse), fall back to per-path storage
                        storage = doc.createElement('div')
                        storageOwner = doc.body
                }
                function withIEStorage(storeFunction) {
                        return function() {
                                var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 0)
                                args.unshift(storage)
                                // See http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms531081(v=VS.85).aspx
                                // and http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms531424(v=VS.85).aspx
                                storageOwner.appendChild(storage)
                                storage.addBehavior('#default#userData')
                                storage.load(localStorageName)
                                var result = storeFunction.apply(store, args)
                                storageOwner.removeChild(storage)
                                return result
                        }
                }

                // In IE7, keys may not contain special chars. See all of https://github.com/marcuswestin/store.js/issues/40
                var forbiddenCharsRegex = new RegExp("[!\"#$%&'()*+,/\\\\:;<=>?@[\\]^`{|}~]", "g")
                function ieKeyFix(key) {
                        return key.replace(forbiddenCharsRegex, '___')
                }
                store.set = withIEStorage(function(storage, key, val) {
                        key = ieKeyFix(key)
                        if (val === undefined) { return store.remove(key) }
                        storage.setAttribute(key, store.serialize(val))
                        storage.save(localStorageName)
                        return val
                })
                store.get = withIEStorage(function(storage, key) {
                        key = ieKeyFix(key)
                        return store.deserialize(storage.getAttribute(key))
                })
                store.remove = withIEStorage(function(storage, key) {
                        key = ieKeyFix(key)
                        storage.removeAttribute(key)
                        storage.save(localStorageName)
                })
                store.clear = withIEStorage(function(storage) {
                        var attributes = storage.XMLDocument.documentElement.attributes
                        storage.load(localStorageName)
                        for (var i=0, attr; attr=attributes[i]; i++) {
                                storage.removeAttribute(attr.name)
                        }
                        storage.save(localStorageName)
                })
                store.getAll = function(storage) {
                        var ret = {}
                        store.forEach(function(key, val) {
                                ret[key] = val
                        })
                        return ret
                }
                store.forEach = withIEStorage(function(storage, callback) {
                        var attributes = storage.XMLDocument.documentElement.attributes
                        for (var i=0, attr; attr=attributes[i]; ++i) {
                                callback(attr.name, store.deserialize(storage.getAttribute(attr.name)))
                        }
                })
        }

        try {
                var testKey = '__storejs__'
                store.set(testKey, testKey)
                if (store.get(testKey) != testKey) { store.disabled = true }
                store.remove(testKey)
        } catch(e) {
                store.disabled = true
        }
        store.enabled = !store.disabled

        if (typeof module != 'undefined' && module.exports) { module.exports = store }
        else if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) { define(store) }
        else { win.store = store }

})(this.window || global);

})(window)
},{}],5:[function(require,module,exports){
module.exports = hasKeys

function hasKeys(source) {
    return source !== null &&
        (typeof source === "object" ||
        typeof source === "function")
}

},{}],4:[function(require,module,exports){
var Keys = require("object-keys")
var hasKeys = require("./has-keys")

module.exports = extend

function extend() {
    var target = {}

    for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
        var source = arguments[i]

        if (!hasKeys(source)) {
            continue
        }

        var keys = Keys(source)

        for (var j = 0; j < keys.length; j++) {
            var name = keys[j]
            target[name] = source[name]
        }
    }

    return target
}

},{"./has-keys":5,"object-keys":6}],7:[function(require,module,exports){
(function(global){/**
 * jsHashes - A fast and independent hashing library pure JavaScript implemented (ES3 compliant) for both server and client side
 *
 * @class Hashes
 * @author Tomas Aparicio <tomas@rijndael-project.com>
 * @license New BSD (see LICENSE file)
 * @version 1.0.4
 *
 * Algorithms specification:
 *
 * MD5 <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1321.txt>
 * RIPEMD-160 <http://homes.esat.kuleuven.be/~bosselae/ripemd160.html>
 * SHA1   <http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips180-4/fips-180-4.pdf>
 * SHA256 <http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips180-4/fips-180-4.pdf>
 * SHA512 <http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips180-4/fips-180-4.pdf>
 * HMAC <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2104.txt>
 *
 */
(function(){
  var Hashes;

  // private helper methods
  function utf8Encode(str) {
    var  x, y, output = '', i = -1, l;

    if (str && str.length) {
      l = str.length;
      while ((i+=1) < l) {
        /* Decode utf-16 surrogate pairs */
        x = str.charCodeAt(i);
        y = i + 1 < l ? str.charCodeAt(i + 1) : 0;
        if (0xD800 <= x && x <= 0xDBFF && 0xDC00 <= y && y <= 0xDFFF) {
            x = 0x10000 + ((x & 0x03FF) << 10) + (y & 0x03FF);
            i += 1;
        }
        /* Encode output as utf-8 */
        if (x <= 0x7F) {
            output += String.fromCharCode(x);
        } else if (x <= 0x7FF) {
            output += String.fromCharCode(0xC0 | ((x >>> 6 ) & 0x1F),
                        0x80 | ( x & 0x3F));
        } else if (x <= 0xFFFF) {
            output += String.fromCharCode(0xE0 | ((x >>> 12) & 0x0F),
                        0x80 | ((x >>> 6 ) & 0x3F),
                        0x80 | ( x & 0x3F));
        } else if (x <= 0x1FFFFF) {
            output += String.fromCharCode(0xF0 | ((x >>> 18) & 0x07),
                        0x80 | ((x >>> 12) & 0x3F),
                        0x80 | ((x >>> 6 ) & 0x3F),
                        0x80 | ( x & 0x3F));
        }
      }
    }
    return output;
  }

  function utf8Decode(str) {
    var i, ac, c1, c2, c3, arr = [], l;
    i = ac = c1 = c2 = c3 = 0;

    if (str && str.length) {
      l = str.length;
      str += '';

      while (i < l) {
          c1 = str.charCodeAt(i);
          ac += 1;
          if (c1 < 128) {
              arr[ac] = String.fromCharCode(c1);
              i+=1;
          } else if (c1 > 191 && c1 < 224) {
              c2 = str.charCodeAt(i + 1);
              arr[ac] = String.fromCharCode(((c1 & 31) << 6) | (c2 & 63));
              i += 2;
          } else {
              c2 = str.charCodeAt(i + 1);
              c3 = str.charCodeAt(i + 2);
              arr[ac] = String.fromCharCode(((c1 & 15) << 12) | ((c2 & 63) << 6) | (c3 & 63));
              i += 3;
          }
      }
    }
    return arr.join('');
  }

  /**
   * Add integers, wrapping at 2^32. This uses 16-bit operations internally
   * to work around bugs in some JS interpreters.
   */
  function safe_add(x, y) {
    var lsw = (x & 0xFFFF) + (y & 0xFFFF),
        msw = (x >> 16) + (y >> 16) + (lsw >> 16);
    return (msw << 16) | (lsw & 0xFFFF);
  }

  /**
   * Bitwise rotate a 32-bit number to the left.
   */
  function bit_rol(num, cnt) {
    return (num << cnt) | (num >>> (32 - cnt));
  }

  /**
   * Convert a raw string to a hex string
   */
  function rstr2hex(input, hexcase) {
    var hex_tab = hexcase ? '0123456789ABCDEF' : '0123456789abcdef',
        output = '', x, i = 0, l = input.length;
    for (; i < l; i+=1) {
      x = input.charCodeAt(i);
      output += hex_tab.charAt((x >>> 4) & 0x0F) + hex_tab.charAt(x & 0x0F);
    }
    return output;
  }

  /**
   * Encode a string as utf-16
   */
  function str2rstr_utf16le(input) {
    var i, l = input.length, output = '';
    for (i = 0; i < l; i+=1) {
      output += String.fromCharCode( input.charCodeAt(i) & 0xFF, (input.charCodeAt(i) >>> 8) & 0xFF);
    }
    return output;
  }

  function str2rstr_utf16be(input) {
    var i, l = input.length, output = '';
    for (i = 0; i < l; i+=1) {
      output += String.fromCharCode((input.charCodeAt(i) >>> 8) & 0xFF, input.charCodeAt(i) & 0xFF);
    }
    return output;
  }

  /**
   * Convert an array of big-endian words to a string
   */
  function binb2rstr(input) {
    var i, l = input.length * 32, output = '';
    for (i = 0; i < l; i += 8) {
        output += String.fromCharCode((input[i>>5] >>> (24 - i % 32)) & 0xFF);
    }
    return output;
  }

  /**
   * Convert an array of little-endian words to a string
   */
  function binl2rstr(input) {
    var i, l = input.length * 32, output = '';
    for (i = 0;i < l; i += 8) {
      output += String.fromCharCode((input[i>>5] >>> (i % 32)) & 0xFF);
    }
    return output;
  }

  /**
   * Convert a raw string to an array of little-endian words
   * Characters >255 have their high-byte silently ignored.
   */
  function rstr2binl(input) {
    var i, l = input.length * 8, output = Array(input.length >> 2), lo = output.length;
    for (i = 0; i < lo; i+=1) {
      output[i] = 0;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < l; i += 8) {
      output[i>>5] |= (input.charCodeAt(i / 8) & 0xFF) << (i%32);
    }
    return output;
  }

  /**
   * Convert a raw string to an array of big-endian words
   * Characters >255 have their high-byte silently ignored.
   */
   function rstr2binb(input) {
      var i, l = input.length * 8, output = Array(input.length >> 2), lo = output.length;
      for (i = 0; i < lo; i+=1) {
            output[i] = 0;
        }
      for (i = 0; i < l; i += 8) {
            output[i>>5] |= (input.charCodeAt(i / 8) & 0xFF) << (24 - i % 32);
        }
      return output;
   }

  /**
   * Convert a raw string to an arbitrary string encoding
   */
  function rstr2any(input, encoding) {
    var divisor = encoding.length,
        remainders = Array(),
        i, q, x, ld, quotient, dividend, output, full_length;

    /* Convert to an array of 16-bit big-endian values, forming the dividend */
    dividend = Array(Math.ceil(input.length / 2));
    ld = dividend.length;
    for (i = 0; i < ld; i+=1) {
      dividend[i] = (input.charCodeAt(i * 2) << 8) | input.charCodeAt(i * 2 + 1);
    }

    /**
     * Repeatedly perform a long division. The binary array forms the dividend,
     * the length of the encoding is the divisor. Once computed, the quotient
     * forms the dividend for the next step. We stop when the dividend is zerHashes.
     * All remainders are stored for later use.
     */
    while(dividend.length > 0) {
      quotient = Array();
      x = 0;
      for (i = 0; i < dividend.length; i+=1) {
        x = (x << 16) + dividend[i];
        q = Math.floor(x / divisor);
        x -= q * divisor;
        if (quotient.length > 0 || q > 0) {
          quotient[quotient.length] = q;
        }
      }
      remainders[remainders.length] = x;
      dividend = quotient;
    }

    /* Convert the remainders to the output string */
    output = '';
    for (i = remainders.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
      output += encoding.charAt(remainders[i]);
    }

    /* Append leading zero equivalents */
    full_length = Math.ceil(input.length * 8 / (Math.log(encoding.length) / Math.log(2)));
    for (i = output.length; i < full_length; i+=1) {
      output = encoding[0] + output;
    }
    return output;
  }

  /**
   * Convert a raw string to a base-64 string
   */
  function rstr2b64(input, b64pad) {
    var tab = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/',
        output = '',
        len = input.length, i, j, triplet;
    b64pad= b64pad || '=';
    for (i = 0; i < len; i += 3) {
      triplet = (input.charCodeAt(i) << 16)
            | (i + 1 < len ? input.charCodeAt(i+1) << 8 : 0)
            | (i + 2 < len ? input.charCodeAt(i+2)      : 0);
      for (j = 0; j < 4; j+=1) {
        if (i * 8 + j * 6 > input.length * 8) {
          output += b64pad;
        } else {
          output += tab.charAt((triplet >>> 6*(3-j)) & 0x3F);
        }
       }
    }
    return output;
  }

  Hashes = {
  /**
   * @property {String} version
   * @readonly
   */
  VERSION : '1.0.3',
  /**
   * @member Hashes
   * @class Base64
   * @constructor
   */
  Base64 : function () {
    // private properties
    var tab = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/',
        pad = '=', // default pad according with the RFC standard
        url = false, // URL encoding support @todo
        utf8 = true; // by default enable UTF-8 support encoding

    // public method for encoding
    this.encode = function (input) {
      var i, j, triplet,
          output = '',
          len = input.length;

      pad = pad || '=';
      input = (utf8) ? utf8Encode(input) : input;

      for (i = 0; i < len; i += 3) {
        triplet = (input.charCodeAt(i) << 16)
              | (i + 1 < len ? input.charCodeAt(i+1) << 8 : 0)
              | (i + 2 < len ? input.charCodeAt(i+2) : 0);
        for (j = 0; j < 4; j+=1) {
          if (i * 8 + j * 6 > len * 8) {
              output += pad;
          } else {
              output += tab.charAt((triplet >>> 6*(3-j)) & 0x3F);
          }
        }
      }
      return output;
    };

    // public method for decoding
    this.decode = function (input) {
      // var b64 = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/=';
      var i, o1, o2, o3, h1, h2, h3, h4, bits, ac,
        dec = '',
        arr = [];
      if (!input) { return input; }

      i = ac = 0;
      input = input.replace(new RegExp('\\'+pad,'gi'),''); // use '='
      //input += '';

      do { // unpack four hexets into three octets using index points in b64
        h1 = tab.indexOf(input.charAt(i+=1));
        h2 = tab.indexOf(input.charAt(i+=1));
        h3 = tab.indexOf(input.charAt(i+=1));
        h4 = tab.indexOf(input.charAt(i+=1));

        bits = h1 << 18 | h2 << 12 | h3 << 6 | h4;

        o1 = bits >> 16 & 0xff;
        o2 = bits >> 8 & 0xff;
        o3 = bits & 0xff;
        ac += 1;

        if (h3 === 64) {
          arr[ac] = String.fromCharCode(o1);
        } else if (h4 === 64) {
          arr[ac] = String.fromCharCode(o1, o2);
        } else {
          arr[ac] = String.fromCharCode(o1, o2, o3);
        }
      } while (i < input.length);

      dec = arr.join('');
      dec = (utf8) ? utf8Decode(dec) : dec;

      return dec;
    };

    // set custom pad string
    this.setPad = function (str) {
        pad = str || pad;
        return this;
    };
    // set custom tab string characters
    this.setTab = function (str) {
        tab = str || tab;
        return this;
    };
    this.setUTF8 = function (bool) {
        if (typeof bool === 'boolean') {
          utf8 = bool;
        }
        return this;
    };
  },

  /**
   * CRC-32 calculation
   * @member Hashes
   * @method CRC32
   * @static
   * @param {String} str Input String
   * @return {String}
   */
  CRC32 : function (str) {
    var crc = 0, x = 0, y = 0, table, i, iTop;
    str = utf8Encode(str);

    table = [
        '00000000 77073096 EE0E612C 990951BA 076DC419 706AF48F E963A535 9E6495A3 0EDB8832 ',
        '79DCB8A4 E0D5E91E 97D2D988 09B64C2B 7EB17CBD E7B82D07 90BF1D91 1DB71064 6AB020F2 F3B97148 ',
        '84BE41DE 1ADAD47D 6DDDE4EB F4D4B551 83D385C7 136C9856 646BA8C0 FD62F97A 8A65C9EC 14015C4F ',
        '63066CD9 FA0F3D63 8D080DF5 3B6E20C8 4C69105E D56041E4 A2677172 3C03E4D1 4B04D447 D20D85FD ',
        'A50AB56B 35B5A8FA 42B2986C DBBBC9D6 ACBCF940 32D86CE3 45DF5C75 DCD60DCF ABD13D59 26D930AC ',
        '51DE003A C8D75180 BFD06116 21B4F4B5 56B3C423 CFBA9599 B8BDA50F 2802B89E 5F058808 C60CD9B2 ',
        'B10BE924 2F6F7C87 58684C11 C1611DAB B6662D3D 76DC4190 01DB7106 98D220BC EFD5102A 71B18589 ',
        '06B6B51F 9FBFE4A5 E8B8D433 7807C9A2 0F00F934 9609A88E E10E9818 7F6A0DBB 086D3D2D 91646C97 ',
        'E6635C01 6B6B51F4 1C6C6162 856530D8 F262004E 6C0695ED 1B01A57B 8208F4C1 F50FC457 65B0D9C6 ',
        '12B7E950 8BBEB8EA FCB9887C 62DD1DDF 15DA2D49 8CD37CF3 FBD44C65 4DB26158 3AB551CE A3BC0074 ',
        'D4BB30E2 4ADFA541 3DD895D7 A4D1C46D D3D6F4FB 4369E96A 346ED9FC AD678846 DA60B8D0 44042D73 ',
        '33031DE5 AA0A4C5F DD0D7CC9 5005713C 270241AA BE0B1010 C90C2086 5768B525 206F85B3 B966D409 ',
        'CE61E49F 5EDEF90E 29D9C998 B0D09822 C7D7A8B4 59B33D17 2EB40D81 B7BD5C3B C0BA6CAD EDB88320 ',
        '9ABFB3B6 03B6E20C 74B1D29A EAD54739 9DD277AF 04DB2615 73DC1683 E3630B12 94643B84 0D6D6A3E ',
        '7A6A5AA8 E40ECF0B 9309FF9D 0A00AE27 7D079EB1 F00F9344 8708A3D2 1E01F268 6906C2FE F762575D ',
        '806567CB 196C3671 6E6B06E7 FED41B76 89D32BE0 10DA7A5A 67DD4ACC F9B9DF6F 8EBEEFF9 17B7BE43 ',
        '60B08ED5 D6D6A3E8 A1D1937E 38D8C2C4 4FDFF252 D1BB67F1 A6BC5767 3FB506DD 48B2364B D80D2BDA ',
        'AF0A1B4C 36034AF6 41047A60 DF60EFC3 A867DF55 316E8EEF 4669BE79 CB61B38C BC66831A 256FD2A0 ',
        '5268E236 CC0C7795 BB0B4703 220216B9 5505262F C5BA3BBE B2BD0B28 2BB45A92 5CB36A04 C2D7FFA7 ',
        'B5D0CF31 2CD99E8B 5BDEAE1D 9B64C2B0 EC63F226 756AA39C 026D930A 9C0906A9 EB0E363F 72076785 ',
        '05005713 95BF4A82 E2B87A14 7BB12BAE 0CB61B38 92D28E9B E5D5BE0D 7CDCEFB7 0BDBDF21 86D3D2D4 ',
        'F1D4E242 68DDB3F8 1FDA836E 81BE16CD F6B9265B 6FB077E1 18B74777 88085AE6 FF0F6A70 66063BCA ',
        '11010B5C 8F659EFF F862AE69 616BFFD3 166CCF45 A00AE278 D70DD2EE 4E048354 3903B3C2 A7672661 ',
        'D06016F7 4969474D 3E6E77DB AED16A4A D9D65ADC 40DF0B66 37D83BF0 A9BCAE53 DEBB9EC5 47B2CF7F ',
        '30B5FFE9 BDBDF21C CABAC28A 53B39330 24B4A3A6 BAD03605 CDD70693 54DE5729 23D967BF B3667A2E ',
        'C4614AB8 5D681B02 2A6F2B94 B40BBE37 C30C8EA1 5A05DF1B 2D02EF8D'
    ].join('');

    crc = crc ^ (-1);
    for (i = 0, iTop = str.length; i < iTop; i+=1 ) {
        y = ( crc ^ str.charCodeAt( i ) ) & 0xFF;
        x = '0x' + table.substr( y * 9, 8 );
        crc = ( crc >>> 8 ) ^ x;
    }
    // always return a positive number (that's what >>> 0 does)
    return (crc ^ (-1)) >>> 0;
  },
  /**
   * @member Hashes
   * @class MD5
   * @constructor
   * @param {Object} [config]
   *
   * A JavaScript implementation of the RSA Data Security, Inc. MD5 Message
   * Digest Algorithm, as defined in RFC 1321.
   * Version 2.2 Copyright (C) Paul Johnston 1999 - 2009
   * Other contributors: Greg Holt, Andrew Kepert, Ydnar, Lostinet
   * See <http://pajhome.org.uk/crypt/md5> for more infHashes.
   */
  MD5 : function (options) {
    /**
     * Private config properties. You may need to tweak these to be compatible with
     * the server-side, but the defaults work in most cases.
     * See {@link Hashes.MD5#method-setUpperCase} and {@link Hashes.SHA1#method-setUpperCase}
     */
    var hexcase = (options && typeof options.uppercase === 'boolean') ? options.uppercase : false, // hexadecimal output case format. false - lowercase; true - uppercase
        b64pad = (options && typeof options.pad === 'string') ? options.pda : '=', // base-64 pad character. Defaults to '=' for strict RFC compliance
        utf8 = (options && typeof options.utf8 === 'boolean') ? options.utf8 : true; // enable/disable utf8 encoding

    // privileged (public) methods
    this.hex = function (s) {
      return rstr2hex(rstr(s, utf8), hexcase);
    };
    this.b64 = function (s) {
      return rstr2b64(rstr(s), b64pad);
    };
    this.any = function(s, e) {
      return rstr2any(rstr(s, utf8), e);
    };
    this.hex_hmac = function (k, d) {
      return rstr2hex(rstr_hmac(k, d), hexcase);
    };
    this.b64_hmac = function (k, d) {
      return rstr2b64(rstr_hmac(k,d), b64pad);
    };
    this.any_hmac = function (k, d, e) {
      return rstr2any(rstr_hmac(k, d), e);
    };
    /**
     * Perform a simple self-test to see if the VM is working
     * @return {String} Hexadecimal hash sample
     */
    this.vm_test = function () {
      return hex('abc').toLowerCase() === '900150983cd24fb0d6963f7d28e17f72';
    };
    /**
     * Enable/disable uppercase hexadecimal returned string
     * @param {Boolean}
     * @return {Object} this
     */
    this.setUpperCase = function (a) {
      if (typeof a === 'boolean' ) {
        hexcase = a;
      }
      return this;
    };
    /**
     * Defines a base64 pad string
     * @param {String} Pad
     * @return {Object} this
     */
    this.setPad = function (a) {
      b64pad = a || b64pad;
      return this;
    };
    /**
     * Defines a base64 pad string
     * @param {Boolean}
     * @return {Object} [this]
     */
    this.setUTF8 = function (a) {
      if (typeof a === 'boolean') {
        utf8 = a;
      }
      return this;
    };

    // private methods

    /**
     * Calculate the MD5 of a raw string
     */
    function rstr(s) {
      s = (utf8) ? utf8Encode(s): s;
      return binl2rstr(binl(rstr2binl(s), s.length * 8));
    }

    /**
     * Calculate the HMAC-MD5, of a key and some data (raw strings)
     */
    function rstr_hmac(key, data) {
      var bkey, ipad, opad, hash, i;

      key = (utf8) ? utf8Encode(key) : key;
      data = (utf8) ? utf8Encode(data) : data;
      bkey = rstr2binl(key);
      if (bkey.length > 16) {
        bkey = binl(bkey, key.length * 8);
      }

      ipad = Array(16), opad = Array(16);
      for (i = 0; i < 16; i+=1) {
          ipad[i] = bkey[i] ^ 0x36363636;
          opad[i] = bkey[i] ^ 0x5C5C5C5C;
      }
      hash = binl(ipad.concat(rstr2binl(data)), 512 + data.length * 8);
      return binl2rstr(binl(opad.concat(hash), 512 + 128));
    }

    /**
     * Calculate the MD5 of an array of little-endian words, and a bit length.
     */
    function binl(x, len) {
      var i, olda, oldb, oldc, oldd,
          a =  1732584193,
          b = -271733879,
          c = -1732584194,
          d =  271733878;

      /* append padding */
      x[len >> 5] |= 0x80 << ((len) % 32);
      x[(((len + 64) >>> 9) << 4) + 14] = len;

      for (i = 0; i < x.length; i += 16) {
        olda = a;
        oldb = b;
        oldc = c;
        oldd = d;

        a = md5_ff(a, b, c, d, x[i+ 0], 7 , -680876936);
        d = md5_ff(d, a, b, c, x[i+ 1], 12, -389564586);
        c = md5_ff(c, d, a, b, x[i+ 2], 17,  606105819);
        b = md5_ff(b, c, d, a, x[i+ 3], 22, -1044525330);
        a = md5_ff(a, b, c, d, x[i+ 4], 7 , -176418897);
        d = md5_ff(d, a, b, c, x[i+ 5], 12,  1200080426);
        c = md5_ff(c, d, a, b, x[i+ 6], 17, -1473231341);
        b = md5_ff(b, c, d, a, x[i+ 7], 22, -45705983);
        a = md5_ff(a, b, c, d, x[i+ 8], 7 ,  1770035416);
        d = md5_ff(d, a, b, c, x[i+ 9], 12, -1958414417);
        c = md5_ff(c, d, a, b, x[i+10], 17, -42063);
        b = md5_ff(b, c, d, a, x[i+11], 22, -1990404162);
        a = md5_ff(a, b, c, d, x[i+12], 7 ,  1804603682);
        d = md5_ff(d, a, b, c, x[i+13], 12, -40341101);
        c = md5_ff(c, d, a, b, x[i+14], 17, -1502002290);
        b = md5_ff(b, c, d, a, x[i+15], 22,  1236535329);

        a = md5_gg(a, b, c, d, x[i+ 1], 5 , -165796510);
        d = md5_gg(d, a, b, c, x[i+ 6], 9 , -1069501632);
        c = md5_gg(c, d, a, b, x[i+11], 14,  643717713);
        b = md5_gg(b, c, d, a, x[i+ 0], 20, -373897302);
        a = md5_gg(a, b, c, d, x[i+ 5], 5 , -701558691);
        d = md5_gg(d, a, b, c, x[i+10], 9 ,  38016083);
        c = md5_gg(c, d, a, b, x[i+15], 14, -660478335);
        b = md5_gg(b, c, d, a, x[i+ 4], 20, -405537848);
        a = md5_gg(a, b, c, d, x[i+ 9], 5 ,  568446438);
        d = md5_gg(d, a, b, c, x[i+14], 9 , -1019803690);
        c = md5_gg(c, d, a, b, x[i+ 3], 14, -187363961);
        b = md5_gg(b, c, d, a, x[i+ 8], 20,  1163531501);
        a = md5_gg(a, b, c, d, x[i+13], 5 , -1444681467);
        d = md5_gg(d, a, b, c, x[i+ 2], 9 , -51403784);
        c = md5_gg(c, d, a, b, x[i+ 7], 14,  1735328473);
        b = md5_gg(b, c, d, a, x[i+12], 20, -1926607734);

        a = md5_hh(a, b, c, d, x[i+ 5], 4 , -378558);
        d = md5_hh(d, a, b, c, x[i+ 8], 11, -2022574463);
        c = md5_hh(c, d, a, b, x[i+11], 16,  1839030562);
        b = md5_hh(b, c, d, a, x[i+14], 23, -35309556);
        a = md5_hh(a, b, c, d, x[i+ 1], 4 , -1530992060);
        d = md5_hh(d, a, b, c, x[i+ 4], 11,  1272893353);
        c = md5_hh(c, d, a, b, x[i+ 7], 16, -155497632);
        b = md5_hh(b, c, d, a, x[i+10], 23, -1094730640);
        a = md5_hh(a, b, c, d, x[i+13], 4 ,  681279174);
        d = md5_hh(d, a, b, c, x[i+ 0], 11, -358537222);
        c = md5_hh(c, d, a, b, x[i+ 3], 16, -722521979);
        b = md5_hh(b, c, d, a, x[i+ 6], 23,  76029189);
        a = md5_hh(a, b, c, d, x[i+ 9], 4 , -640364487);
        d = md5_hh(d, a, b, c, x[i+12], 11, -421815835);
        c = md5_hh(c, d, a, b, x[i+15], 16,  530742520);
        b = md5_hh(b, c, d, a, x[i+ 2], 23, -995338651);

        a = md5_ii(a, b, c, d, x[i+ 0], 6 , -198630844);
        d = md5_ii(d, a, b, c, x[i+ 7], 10,  1126891415);
        c = md5_ii(c, d, a, b, x[i+14], 15, -1416354905);
        b = md5_ii(b, c, d, a, x[i+ 5], 21, -57434055);
        a = md5_ii(a, b, c, d, x[i+12], 6 ,  1700485571);
        d = md5_ii(d, a, b, c, x[i+ 3], 10, -1894986606);
        c = md5_ii(c, d, a, b, x[i+10], 15, -1051523);
        b = md5_ii(b, c, d, a, x[i+ 1], 21, -2054922799);
        a = md5_ii(a, b, c, d, x[i+ 8], 6 ,  1873313359);
        d = md5_ii(d, a, b, c, x[i+15], 10, -30611744);
        c = md5_ii(c, d, a, b, x[i+ 6], 15, -1560198380);
        b = md5_ii(b, c, d, a, x[i+13], 21,  1309151649);
        a = md5_ii(a, b, c, d, x[i+ 4], 6 , -145523070);
        d = md5_ii(d, a, b, c, x[i+11], 10, -1120210379);
        c = md5_ii(c, d, a, b, x[i+ 2], 15,  718787259);
        b = md5_ii(b, c, d, a, x[i+ 9], 21, -343485551);

        a = safe_add(a, olda);
        b = safe_add(b, oldb);
        c = safe_add(c, oldc);
        d = safe_add(d, oldd);
      }
      return Array(a, b, c, d);
    }

    /**
     * These functions implement the four basic operations the algorithm uses.
     */
    function md5_cmn(q, a, b, x, s, t) {
      return safe_add(bit_rol(safe_add(safe_add(a, q), safe_add(x, t)), s),b);
    }
    function md5_ff(a, b, c, d, x, s, t) {
      return md5_cmn((b & c) | ((~b) & d), a, b, x, s, t);
    }
    function md5_gg(a, b, c, d, x, s, t) {
      return md5_cmn((b & d) | (c & (~d)), a, b, x, s, t);
    }
    function md5_hh(a, b, c, d, x, s, t) {
      return md5_cmn(b ^ c ^ d, a, b, x, s, t);
    }
    function md5_ii(a, b, c, d, x, s, t) {
      return md5_cmn(c ^ (b | (~d)), a, b, x, s, t);
    }
  },
  /**
   * @member Hashes
   * @class Hashes.SHA1
   * @param {Object} [config]
   * @constructor
   *
   * A JavaScript implementation of the Secure Hash Algorithm, SHA-1, as defined in FIPS 180-1
   * Version 2.2 Copyright Paul Johnston 2000 - 2009.
   * Other contributors: Greg Holt, Andrew Kepert, Ydnar, Lostinet
   * See http://pajhome.org.uk/crypt/md5 for details.
   */
  SHA1 : function (options) {
   /**
     * Private config properties. You may need to tweak these to be compatible with
     * the server-side, but the defaults work in most cases.
     * See {@link Hashes.MD5#method-setUpperCase} and {@link Hashes.SHA1#method-setUpperCase}
     */
    var hexcase = (options && typeof options.uppercase === 'boolean') ? options.uppercase : false, // hexadecimal output case format. false - lowercase; true - uppercase
        b64pad = (options && typeof options.pad === 'string') ? options.pda : '=', // base-64 pad character. Defaults to '=' for strict RFC compliance
        utf8 = (options && typeof options.utf8 === 'boolean') ? options.utf8 : true; // enable/disable utf8 encoding

    // public methods
    this.hex = function (s) {
        return rstr2hex(rstr(s, utf8), hexcase);
    };
    this.b64 = function (s) {
        return rstr2b64(rstr(s, utf8), b64pad);
    };
    this.any = function (s, e) {
        return rstr2any(rstr(s, utf8), e);
    };
    this.hex_hmac = function (k, d) {
        return rstr2hex(rstr_hmac(k, d));
    };
    this.b64_hmac = function (k, d) {
        return rstr2b64(rstr_hmac(k, d), b64pad);
    };
    this.any_hmac = function (k, d, e) {
        return rstr2any(rstr_hmac(k, d), e);
    };
    /**
     * Perform a simple self-test to see if the VM is working
     * @return {String} Hexadecimal hash sample
     * @public
     */
    this.vm_test = function () {
      return hex('abc').toLowerCase() === '900150983cd24fb0d6963f7d28e17f72';
    };
    /**
     * @description Enable/disable uppercase hexadecimal returned string
     * @param {boolean}
     * @return {Object} this
     * @public
     */
    this.setUpperCase = function (a) {
        if (typeof a === 'boolean') {
        hexcase = a;
      }
        return this;
    };
    /**
     * @description Defines a base64 pad string
     * @param {string} Pad
     * @return {Object} this
     * @public
     */
    this.setPad = function (a) {
      b64pad = a || b64pad;
        return this;
    };
    /**
     * @description Defines a base64 pad string
     * @param {boolean}
     * @return {Object} this
     * @public
     */
    this.setUTF8 = function (a) {
        if (typeof a === 'boolean') {
        utf8 = a;
      }
        return this;
    };

    // private methods

    /**
         * Calculate the SHA-512 of a raw string
         */
        function rstr(s) {
      s = (utf8) ? utf8Encode(s) : s;
      return binb2rstr(binb(rstr2binb(s), s.length * 8));
        }

    /**
     * Calculate the HMAC-SHA1 of a key and some data (raw strings)
     */
    function rstr_hmac(key, data) {
        var bkey, ipad, opad, i, hash;
        key = (utf8) ? utf8Encode(key) : key;
        data = (utf8) ? utf8Encode(data) : data;
        bkey = rstr2binb(key);

        if (bkey.length > 16) {
        bkey = binb(bkey, key.length * 8);
      }
        ipad = Array(16), opad = Array(16);
        for (i = 0; i < 16; i+=1) {
                ipad[i] = bkey[i] ^ 0x36363636;
                opad[i] = bkey[i] ^ 0x5C5C5C5C;
        }
        hash = binb(ipad.concat(rstr2binb(data)), 512 + data.length * 8);
        return binb2rstr(binb(opad.concat(hash), 512 + 160));
    }

    /**
     * Calculate the SHA-1 of an array of big-endian words, and a bit length
     */
    function binb(x, len) {
      var i, j, t, olda, oldb, oldc, oldd, olde,
          w = Array(80),
          a =  1732584193,
          b = -271733879,
          c = -1732584194,
          d =  271733878,
          e = -1009589776;

      /* append padding */
      x[len >> 5] |= 0x80 << (24 - len % 32);
      x[((len + 64 >> 9) << 4) + 15] = len;

      for (i = 0; i < x.length; i += 16) {
        olda = a,
        oldb = b;
        oldc = c;
        oldd = d;
        olde = e;

        for (j = 0; j < 80; j+=1)       {
          if (j < 16) {
            w[j] = x[i + j];
          } else {
            w[j] = bit_rol(w[j-3] ^ w[j-8] ^ w[j-14] ^ w[j-16], 1);
          }
          t = safe_add(safe_add(bit_rol(a, 5), sha1_ft(j, b, c, d)),
                                           safe_add(safe_add(e, w[j]), sha1_kt(j)));
          e = d;
          d = c;
          c = bit_rol(b, 30);
          b = a;
          a = t;
        }

        a = safe_add(a, olda);
        b = safe_add(b, oldb);
        c = safe_add(c, oldc);
        d = safe_add(d, oldd);
        e = safe_add(e, olde);
      }
      return Array(a, b, c, d, e);
    }

    /**
     * Perform the appropriate triplet combination function for the current
     * iteration
     */
    function sha1_ft(t, b, c, d) {
      if (t < 20) { return (b & c) | ((~b) & d); }
      if (t < 40) { return b ^ c ^ d; }
      if (t < 60) { return (b & c) | (b & d) | (c & d); }
      return b ^ c ^ d;
    }

    /**
     * Determine the appropriate additive constant for the current iteration
     */
    function sha1_kt(t) {
      return (t < 20) ?  1518500249 : (t < 40) ?  1859775393 :
                 (t < 60) ? -1894007588 : -899497514;
    }
  },
  /**
   * @class Hashes.SHA256
   * @param {config}
   *
   * A JavaScript implementation of the Secure Hash Algorithm, SHA-256, as defined in FIPS 180-2
   * Version 2.2 Copyright Angel Marin, Paul Johnston 2000 - 2009.
   * Other contributors: Greg Holt, Andrew Kepert, Ydnar, Lostinet
   * See http://pajhome.org.uk/crypt/md5 for details.
   * Also http://anmar.eu.org/projects/jssha2/
   */
  SHA256 : function (options) {
    /**
     * Private properties configuration variables. You may need to tweak these to be compatible with
     * the server-side, but the defaults work in most cases.
     * @see this.setUpperCase() method
     * @see this.setPad() method
     */
    var hexcase = (options && typeof options.uppercase === 'boolean') ? options.uppercase : false, // hexadecimal output case format. false - lowercase; true - uppercase  */
              b64pad = (options && typeof options.pad === 'string') ? options.pda : '=', /* base-64 pad character. Default '=' for strict RFC compliance   */
              utf8 = (options && typeof options.utf8 === 'boolean') ? options.utf8 : true, /* enable/disable utf8 encoding */
              sha256_K;

    /* privileged (public) methods */
    this.hex = function (s) {
      return rstr2hex(rstr(s, utf8));
    };
    this.b64 = function (s) {
      return rstr2b64(rstr(s, utf8), b64pad);
    };
    this.any = function (s, e) {
      return rstr2any(rstr(s, utf8), e);
    };
    this.hex_hmac = function (k, d) {
      return rstr2hex(rstr_hmac(k, d));
    };
    this.b64_hmac = function (k, d) {
      return rstr2b64(rstr_hmac(k, d), b64pad);
    };
    this.any_hmac = function (k, d, e) {
      return rstr2any(rstr_hmac(k, d), e);
    };
    /**
     * Perform a simple self-test to see if the VM is working
     * @return {String} Hexadecimal hash sample
     * @public
     */
    this.vm_test = function () {
      return hex('abc').toLowerCase() === '900150983cd24fb0d6963f7d28e17f72';
    };
    /**
     * Enable/disable uppercase hexadecimal returned string
     * @param {boolean}
     * @return {Object} this
     * @public
     */
    this.setUpperCase = function (a) {
      if (typeof a === 'boolean') {
        hexcase = a;
      }
      return this;
    };
    /**
     * @description Defines a base64 pad string
     * @param {string} Pad
     * @return {Object} this
     * @public
     */
    this.setPad = function (a) {
      b64pad = a || b64pad;
      return this;
    };
    /**
     * Defines a base64 pad string
     * @param {boolean}
     * @return {Object} this
     * @public
     */
    this.setUTF8 = function (a) {
      if (typeof a === 'boolean') {
        utf8 = a;
      }
      return this;
    };

    // private methods

    /**
     * Calculate the SHA-512 of a raw string
     */
    function rstr(s, utf8) {
      s = (utf8) ? utf8Encode(s) : s;
      return binb2rstr(binb(rstr2binb(s), s.length * 8));
    }

    /**
     * Calculate the HMAC-sha256 of a key and some data (raw strings)
     */
    function rstr_hmac(key, data) {
      key = (utf8) ? utf8Encode(key) : key;
      data = (utf8) ? utf8Encode(data) : data;
      var hash, i = 0,
          bkey = rstr2binb(key),
          ipad = Array(16),
          opad = Array(16);

      if (bkey.length > 16) { bkey = binb(bkey, key.length * 8); }

      for (; i < 16; i+=1) {
        ipad[i] = bkey[i] ^ 0x36363636;
        opad[i] = bkey[i] ^ 0x5C5C5C5C;
      }

      hash = binb(ipad.concat(rstr2binb(data)), 512 + data.length * 8);
      return binb2rstr(binb(opad.concat(hash), 512 + 256));
    }

    /*
     * Main sha256 function, with its support functions
     */
    function sha256_S (X, n) {return ( X >>> n ) | (X << (32 - n));}
    function sha256_R (X, n) {return ( X >>> n );}
    function sha256_Ch(x, y, z) {return ((x & y) ^ ((~x) & z));}
    function sha256_Maj(x, y, z) {return ((x & y) ^ (x & z) ^ (y & z));}
    function sha256_Sigma0256(x) {return (sha256_S(x, 2) ^ sha256_S(x, 13) ^ sha256_S(x, 22));}
    function sha256_Sigma1256(x) {return (sha256_S(x, 6) ^ sha256_S(x, 11) ^ sha256_S(x, 25));}
    function sha256_Gamma0256(x) {return (sha256_S(x, 7) ^ sha256_S(x, 18) ^ sha256_R(x, 3));}
    function sha256_Gamma1256(x) {return (sha256_S(x, 17) ^ sha256_S(x, 19) ^ sha256_R(x, 10));}
    function sha256_Sigma0512(x) {return (sha256_S(x, 28) ^ sha256_S(x, 34) ^ sha256_S(x, 39));}
    function sha256_Sigma1512(x) {return (sha256_S(x, 14) ^ sha256_S(x, 18) ^ sha256_S(x, 41));}
    function sha256_Gamma0512(x) {return (sha256_S(x, 1)  ^ sha256_S(x, 8) ^ sha256_R(x, 7));}
    function sha256_Gamma1512(x) {return (sha256_S(x, 19) ^ sha256_S(x, 61) ^ sha256_R(x, 6));}

    sha256_K = [
      1116352408, 1899447441, -1245643825, -373957723, 961987163, 1508970993,
      -1841331548, -1424204075, -670586216, 310598401, 607225278, 1426881987,
      1925078388, -2132889090, -1680079193, -1046744716, -459576895, -272742522,
      264347078, 604807628, 770255983, 1249150122, 1555081692, 1996064986,
      -1740746414, -1473132947, -1341970488, -1084653625, -958395405, -710438585,
      113926993, 338241895, 666307205, 773529912, 1294757372, 1396182291,
      1695183700, 1986661051, -2117940946, -1838011259, -1564481375, -1474664885,
      -1035236496, -949202525, -778901479, -694614492, -200395387, 275423344,
      430227734, 506948616, 659060556, 883997877, 958139571, 1322822218,
      1537002063, 1747873779, 1955562222, 2024104815, -2067236844, -1933114872,
      -1866530822, -1538233109, -1090935817, -965641998
    ];

    function binb(m, l) {
      var HASH = [1779033703, -1150833019, 1013904242, -1521486534,
                 1359893119, -1694144372, 528734635, 1541459225];
      var W = new Array(64);
      var a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h;
      var i, j, T1, T2;

      /* append padding */
      m[l >> 5] |= 0x80 << (24 - l % 32);
      m[((l + 64 >> 9) << 4) + 15] = l;

      for (i = 0; i < m.length; i += 16)
      {
      a = HASH[0];
      b = HASH[1];
      c = HASH[2];
      d = HASH[3];
      e = HASH[4];
      f = HASH[5];
      g = HASH[6];
      h = HASH[7];

      for (j = 0; j < 64; j+=1)
      {
        if (j < 16) {
          W[j] = m[j + i];
        } else {
          W[j] = safe_add(safe_add(safe_add(sha256_Gamma1256(W[j - 2]), W[j - 7]),
                          sha256_Gamma0256(W[j - 15])), W[j - 16]);
        }

        T1 = safe_add(safe_add(safe_add(safe_add(h, sha256_Sigma1256(e)), sha256_Ch(e, f, g)),
                                  sha256_K[j]), W[j]);
        T2 = safe_add(sha256_Sigma0256(a), sha256_Maj(a, b, c));
        h = g;
        g = f;
        f = e;
        e = safe_add(d, T1);
        d = c;
        c = b;
        b = a;
        a = safe_add(T1, T2);
      }

      HASH[0] = safe_add(a, HASH[0]);
      HASH[1] = safe_add(b, HASH[1]);
      HASH[2] = safe_add(c, HASH[2]);
      HASH[3] = safe_add(d, HASH[3]);
      HASH[4] = safe_add(e, HASH[4]);
      HASH[5] = safe_add(f, HASH[5]);
      HASH[6] = safe_add(g, HASH[6]);
      HASH[7] = safe_add(h, HASH[7]);
      }
      return HASH;
    }

  },

  /**
   * @class Hashes.SHA512
   * @param {config}
   *
   * A JavaScript implementation of the Secure Hash Algorithm, SHA-512, as defined in FIPS 180-2
   * Version 2.2 Copyright Anonymous Contributor, Paul Johnston 2000 - 2009.
   * Other contributors: Greg Holt, Andrew Kepert, Ydnar, Lostinet
   * See http://pajhome.org.uk/crypt/md5 for details.
   */
  SHA512 : function (options) {
    /**
     * Private properties configuration variables. You may need to tweak these to be compatible with
     * the server-side, but the defaults work in most cases.
     * @see this.setUpperCase() method
     * @see this.setPad() method
     */
    var hexcase = (options && typeof options.uppercase === 'boolean') ? options.uppercase : false , /* hexadecimal output case format. false - lowercase; true - uppercase  */
        b64pad = (options && typeof options.pad === 'string') ? options.pda : '=',  /* base-64 pad character. Default '=' for strict RFC compliance   */
        utf8 = (options && typeof options.utf8 === 'boolean') ? options.utf8 : true, /* enable/disable utf8 encoding */
        sha512_k;

    /* privileged (public) methods */
    this.hex = function (s) {
      return rstr2hex(rstr(s));
    };
    this.b64 = function (s) {
      return rstr2b64(rstr(s), b64pad);
    };
    this.any = function (s, e) {
      return rstr2any(rstr(s), e);
    };
    this.hex_hmac = function (k, d) {
      return rstr2hex(rstr_hmac(k, d));
    };
    this.b64_hmac = function (k, d) {
      return rstr2b64(rstr_hmac(k, d), b64pad);
    };
    this.any_hmac = function (k, d, e) {
      return rstr2any(rstr_hmac(k, d), e);
    };
    /**
     * Perform a simple self-test to see if the VM is working
     * @return {String} Hexadecimal hash sample
     * @public
     */
    this.vm_test = function () {
      return hex('abc').toLowerCase() === '900150983cd24fb0d6963f7d28e17f72';
    };
    /**
     * @description Enable/disable uppercase hexadecimal returned string
     * @param {boolean}
     * @return {Object} this
     * @public
     */
    this.setUpperCase = function (a) {
      if (typeof a === 'boolean') {
        hexcase = a;
      }
      return this;
    };
    /**
     * @description Defines a base64 pad string
     * @param {string} Pad
     * @return {Object} this
     * @public
     */
    this.setPad = function (a) {
      b64pad = a || b64pad;
      return this;
    };
    /**
     * @description Defines a base64 pad string
     * @param {boolean}
     * @return {Object} this
     * @public
     */
    this.setUTF8 = function (a) {
      if (typeof a === 'boolean') {
        utf8 = a;
      }
      return this;
    };

    /* private methods */

    /**
     * Calculate the SHA-512 of a raw string
     */
    function rstr(s) {
      s = (utf8) ? utf8Encode(s) : s;
      return binb2rstr(binb(rstr2binb(s), s.length * 8));
    }
    /*
     * Calculate the HMAC-SHA-512 of a key and some data (raw strings)
     */
    function rstr_hmac(key, data) {
      key = (utf8) ? utf8Encode(key) : key;
      data = (utf8) ? utf8Encode(data) : data;

      var hash, i = 0,
          bkey = rstr2binb(key),
          ipad = Array(32), opad = Array(32);

      if (bkey.length > 32) { bkey = binb(bkey, key.length * 8); }

      for (; i < 32; i+=1) {
        ipad[i] = bkey[i] ^ 0x36363636;
        opad[i] = bkey[i] ^ 0x5C5C5C5C;
      }

      hash = binb(ipad.concat(rstr2binb(data)), 1024 + data.length * 8);
      return binb2rstr(binb(opad.concat(hash), 1024 + 512));
    }

    /**
     * Calculate the SHA-512 of an array of big-endian dwords, and a bit length
     */
    function binb(x, len) {
      var j, i, l,
          W = new Array(80),
          hash = new Array(16),
          //Initial hash values
          H = [
            new int64(0x6a09e667, -205731576),
            new int64(-1150833019, -2067093701),
            new int64(0x3c6ef372, -23791573),
            new int64(-1521486534, 0x5f1d36f1),
            new int64(0x510e527f, -1377402159),
            new int64(-1694144372, 0x2b3e6c1f),
            new int64(0x1f83d9ab, -79577749),
            new int64(0x5be0cd19, 0x137e2179)
          ],
          T1 = new int64(0, 0),
          T2 = new int64(0, 0),
          a = new int64(0,0),
          b = new int64(0,0),
          c = new int64(0,0),
          d = new int64(0,0),
          e = new int64(0,0),
          f = new int64(0,0),
          g = new int64(0,0),
          h = new int64(0,0),
          //Temporary variables not specified by the document
          s0 = new int64(0, 0),
          s1 = new int64(0, 0),
          Ch = new int64(0, 0),
          Maj = new int64(0, 0),
          r1 = new int64(0, 0),
          r2 = new int64(0, 0),
          r3 = new int64(0, 0);

      if (sha512_k === undefined) {
          //SHA512 constants
          sha512_k = [
            new int64(0x428a2f98, -685199838), new int64(0x71374491, 0x23ef65cd),
            new int64(-1245643825, -330482897), new int64(-373957723, -2121671748),
            new int64(0x3956c25b, -213338824), new int64(0x59f111f1, -1241133031),
            new int64(-1841331548, -1357295717), new int64(-1424204075, -630357736),
            new int64(-670586216, -1560083902), new int64(0x12835b01, 0x45706fbe),
            new int64(0x243185be, 0x4ee4b28c), new int64(0x550c7dc3, -704662302),
            new int64(0x72be5d74, -226784913), new int64(-2132889090, 0x3b1696b1),
            new int64(-1680079193, 0x25c71235), new int64(-1046744716, -815192428),
            new int64(-459576895, -1628353838), new int64(-272742522, 0x384f25e3),
            new int64(0xfc19dc6, -1953704523), new int64(0x240ca1cc, 0x77ac9c65),
            new int64(0x2de92c6f, 0x592b0275), new int64(0x4a7484aa, 0x6ea6e483),
            new int64(0x5cb0a9dc, -1119749164), new int64(0x76f988da, -2096016459),
            new int64(-1740746414, -295247957), new int64(-1473132947, 0x2db43210),
            new int64(-1341970488, -1728372417), new int64(-1084653625, -1091629340),
            new int64(-958395405, 0x3da88fc2), new int64(-710438585, -1828018395),
            new int64(0x6ca6351, -536640913), new int64(0x14292967, 0xa0e6e70),
            new int64(0x27b70a85, 0x46d22ffc), new int64(0x2e1b2138, 0x5c26c926),
            new int64(0x4d2c6dfc, 0x5ac42aed), new int64(0x53380d13, -1651133473),
            new int64(0x650a7354, -1951439906), new int64(0x766a0abb, 0x3c77b2a8),
            new int64(-2117940946, 0x47edaee6), new int64(-1838011259, 0x1482353b),
            new int64(-1564481375, 0x4cf10364), new int64(-1474664885, -1136513023),
            new int64(-1035236496, -789014639), new int64(-949202525, 0x654be30),
            new int64(-778901479, -688958952), new int64(-694614492, 0x5565a910),
            new int64(-200395387, 0x5771202a), new int64(0x106aa070, 0x32bbd1b8),
            new int64(0x19a4c116, -1194143544), new int64(0x1e376c08, 0x5141ab53),
            new int64(0x2748774c, -544281703), new int64(0x34b0bcb5, -509917016),
            new int64(0x391c0cb3, -976659869), new int64(0x4ed8aa4a, -482243893),
            new int64(0x5b9cca4f, 0x7763e373), new int64(0x682e6ff3, -692930397),
            new int64(0x748f82ee, 0x5defb2fc), new int64(0x78a5636f, 0x43172f60),
            new int64(-2067236844, -1578062990), new int64(-1933114872, 0x1a6439ec),
            new int64(-1866530822, 0x23631e28), new int64(-1538233109, -561857047),
            new int64(-1090935817, -1295615723), new int64(-965641998, -479046869),
            new int64(-903397682, -366583396), new int64(-779700025, 0x21c0c207),
            new int64(-354779690, -840897762), new int64(-176337025, -294727304),
            new int64(0x6f067aa, 0x72176fba), new int64(0xa637dc5, -1563912026),
            new int64(0x113f9804, -1090974290), new int64(0x1b710b35, 0x131c471b),
            new int64(0x28db77f5, 0x23047d84), new int64(0x32caab7b, 0x40c72493),
            new int64(0x3c9ebe0a, 0x15c9bebc), new int64(0x431d67c4, -1676669620),
            new int64(0x4cc5d4be, -885112138), new int64(0x597f299c, -60457430),
            new int64(0x5fcb6fab, 0x3ad6faec), new int64(0x6c44198c, 0x4a475817)
          ];
      }

      for (i=0; i<80; i+=1) {
        W[i] = new int64(0, 0);
      }

      // append padding to the source string. The format is described in the FIPS.
      x[len >> 5] |= 0x80 << (24 - (len & 0x1f));
      x[((len + 128 >> 10)<< 5) + 31] = len;
      l = x.length;
      for (i = 0; i<l; i+=32) { //32 dwords is the block size
        int64copy(a, H[0]);
        int64copy(b, H[1]);
        int64copy(c, H[2]);
        int64copy(d, H[3]);
        int64copy(e, H[4]);
        int64copy(f, H[5]);
        int64copy(g, H[6]);
        int64copy(h, H[7]);

        for (j=0; j<16; j+=1) {
          W[j].h = x[i + 2*j];
          W[j].l = x[i + 2*j + 1];
        }

        for (j=16; j<80; j+=1) {
          //sigma1
          int64rrot(r1, W[j-2], 19);
          int64revrrot(r2, W[j-2], 29);
          int64shr(r3, W[j-2], 6);
          s1.l = r1.l ^ r2.l ^ r3.l;
          s1.h = r1.h ^ r2.h ^ r3.h;
          //sigma0
          int64rrot(r1, W[j-15], 1);
          int64rrot(r2, W[j-15], 8);
          int64shr(r3, W[j-15], 7);
          s0.l = r1.l ^ r2.l ^ r3.l;
          s0.h = r1.h ^ r2.h ^ r3.h;

          int64add4(W[j], s1, W[j-7], s0, W[j-16]);
        }

        for (j = 0; j < 80; j+=1) {
          //Ch
          Ch.l = (e.l & f.l) ^ (~e.l & g.l);
          Ch.h = (e.h & f.h) ^ (~e.h & g.h);

          //Sigma1
          int64rrot(r1, e, 14);
          int64rrot(r2, e, 18);
          int64revrrot(r3, e, 9);
          s1.l = r1.l ^ r2.l ^ r3.l;
          s1.h = r1.h ^ r2.h ^ r3.h;

          //Sigma0
          int64rrot(r1, a, 28);
          int64revrrot(r2, a, 2);
          int64revrrot(r3, a, 7);
          s0.l = r1.l ^ r2.l ^ r3.l;
          s0.h = r1.h ^ r2.h ^ r3.h;

          //Maj
          Maj.l = (a.l & b.l) ^ (a.l & c.l) ^ (b.l & c.l);
          Maj.h = (a.h & b.h) ^ (a.h & c.h) ^ (b.h & c.h);

          int64add5(T1, h, s1, Ch, sha512_k[j], W[j]);
          int64add(T2, s0, Maj);

          int64copy(h, g);
          int64copy(g, f);
          int64copy(f, e);
          int64add(e, d, T1);
          int64copy(d, c);
          int64copy(c, b);
          int64copy(b, a);
          int64add(a, T1, T2);
        }
        int64add(H[0], H[0], a);
        int64add(H[1], H[1], b);
        int64add(H[2], H[2], c);
        int64add(H[3], H[3], d);
        int64add(H[4], H[4], e);
        int64add(H[5], H[5], f);
        int64add(H[6], H[6], g);
        int64add(H[7], H[7], h);
      }

      //represent the hash as an array of 32-bit dwords
      for (i=0; i<8; i+=1) {
        hash[2*i] = H[i].h;
        hash[2*i + 1] = H[i].l;
      }
      return hash;
    }

    //A constructor for 64-bit numbers
    function int64(h, l) {
      this.h = h;
      this.l = l;
      //this.toString = int64toString;
    }

    //Copies src into dst, assuming both are 64-bit numbers
    function int64copy(dst, src) {
      dst.h = src.h;
      dst.l = src.l;
    }

    //Right-rotates a 64-bit number by shift
    //Won't handle cases of shift>=32
    //The function revrrot() is for that
    function int64rrot(dst, x, shift) {
      dst.l = (x.l >>> shift) | (x.h << (32-shift));
      dst.h = (x.h >>> shift) | (x.l << (32-shift));
    }

    //Reverses the dwords of the source and then rotates right by shift.
    //This is equivalent to rotation by 32+shift
    function int64revrrot(dst, x, shift) {
      dst.l = (x.h >>> shift) | (x.l << (32-shift));
      dst.h = (x.l >>> shift) | (x.h << (32-shift));
    }

    //Bitwise-shifts right a 64-bit number by shift
    //Won't handle shift>=32, but it's never needed in SHA512
    function int64shr(dst, x, shift) {
      dst.l = (x.l >>> shift) | (x.h << (32-shift));
      dst.h = (x.h >>> shift);
    }

    //Adds two 64-bit numbers
    //Like the original implementation, does not rely on 32-bit operations
    function int64add(dst, x, y) {
       var w0 = (x.l & 0xffff) + (y.l & 0xffff);
       var w1 = (x.l >>> 16) + (y.l >>> 16) + (w0 >>> 16);
       var w2 = (x.h & 0xffff) + (y.h & 0xffff) + (w1 >>> 16);
       var w3 = (x.h >>> 16) + (y.h >>> 16) + (w2 >>> 16);
       dst.l = (w0 & 0xffff) | (w1 << 16);
       dst.h = (w2 & 0xffff) | (w3 << 16);
    }

    //Same, except with 4 addends. Works faster than adding them one by one.
    function int64add4(dst, a, b, c, d) {
       var w0 = (a.l & 0xffff) + (b.l & 0xffff) + (c.l & 0xffff) + (d.l & 0xffff);
       var w1 = (a.l >>> 16) + (b.l >>> 16) + (c.l >>> 16) + (d.l >>> 16) + (w0 >>> 16);
       var w2 = (a.h & 0xffff) + (b.h & 0xffff) + (c.h & 0xffff) + (d.h & 0xffff) + (w1 >>> 16);
       var w3 = (a.h >>> 16) + (b.h >>> 16) + (c.h >>> 16) + (d.h >>> 16) + (w2 >>> 16);
       dst.l = (w0 & 0xffff) | (w1 << 16);
       dst.h = (w2 & 0xffff) | (w3 << 16);
    }

    //Same, except with 5 addends
    function int64add5(dst, a, b, c, d, e) {
      var w0 = (a.l & 0xffff) + (b.l & 0xffff) + (c.l & 0xffff) + (d.l & 0xffff) + (e.l & 0xffff),
          w1 = (a.l >>> 16) + (b.l >>> 16) + (c.l >>> 16) + (d.l >>> 16) + (e.l >>> 16) + (w0 >>> 16),
          w2 = (a.h & 0xffff) + (b.h & 0xffff) + (c.h & 0xffff) + (d.h & 0xffff) + (e.h & 0xffff) + (w1 >>> 16),
          w3 = (a.h >>> 16) + (b.h >>> 16) + (c.h >>> 16) + (d.h >>> 16) + (e.h >>> 16) + (w2 >>> 16);
       dst.l = (w0 & 0xffff) | (w1 << 16);
       dst.h = (w2 & 0xffff) | (w3 << 16);
    }
  },
  /**
   * @class Hashes.RMD160
   * @constructor
   * @param {Object} [config]
   *
   * A JavaScript implementation of the RIPEMD-160 Algorithm
   * Version 2.2 Copyright Jeremy Lin, Paul Johnston 2000 - 2009.
   * Other contributors: Greg Holt, Andrew Kepert, Ydnar, Lostinet
   * See http://pajhome.org.uk/crypt/md5 for details.
   * Also http://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~jjlin/jsotp/
   */
  RMD160 : function (options) {
    /**
     * Private properties configuration variables. You may need to tweak these to be compatible with
     * the server-side, but the defaults work in most cases.
     * @see this.setUpperCase() method
     * @see this.setPad() method
     */
    var hexcase = (options && typeof options.uppercase === 'boolean') ? options.uppercase : false,   /* hexadecimal output case format. false - lowercase; true - uppercase  */
        b64pad = (options && typeof options.pad === 'string') ? options.pda : '=',  /* base-64 pad character. Default '=' for strict RFC compliance   */
        utf8 = (options && typeof options.utf8 === 'boolean') ? options.utf8 : true, /* enable/disable utf8 encoding */
        rmd160_r1 = [
           0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
           7,  4, 13,  1, 10,  6, 15,  3, 12,  0,  9,  5,  2, 14, 11,  8,
           3, 10, 14,  4,  9, 15,  8,  1,  2,  7,  0,  6, 13, 11,  5, 12,
           1,  9, 11, 10,  0,  8, 12,  4, 13,  3,  7, 15, 14,  5,  6,  2,
           4,  0,  5,  9,  7, 12,  2, 10, 14,  1,  3,  8, 11,  6, 15, 13
        ],
        rmd160_r2 = [
           5, 14,  7,  0,  9,  2, 11,  4, 13,  6, 15,  8,  1, 10,  3, 12,
           6, 11,  3,  7,  0, 13,  5, 10, 14, 15,  8, 12,  4,  9,  1,  2,
          15,  5,  1,  3,  7, 14,  6,  9, 11,  8, 12,  2, 10,  0,  4, 13,
           8,  6,  4,  1,  3, 11, 15,  0,  5, 12,  2, 13,  9,  7, 10, 14,
          12, 15, 10,  4,  1,  5,  8,  7,  6,  2, 13, 14,  0,  3,  9, 11
        ],
        rmd160_s1 = [
          11, 14, 15, 12,  5,  8,  7,  9, 11, 13, 14, 15,  6,  7,  9,  8,
           7,  6,  8, 13, 11,  9,  7, 15,  7, 12, 15,  9, 11,  7, 13, 12,
          11, 13,  6,  7, 14,  9, 13, 15, 14,  8, 13,  6,  5, 12,  7,  5,
          11, 12, 14, 15, 14, 15,  9,  8,  9, 14,  5,  6,  8,  6,  5, 12,
           9, 15,  5, 11,  6,  8, 13, 12,  5, 12, 13, 14, 11,  8,  5,  6
        ],
        rmd160_s2 = [
           8,  9,  9, 11, 13, 15, 15,  5,  7,  7,  8, 11, 14, 14, 12,  6,
           9, 13, 15,  7, 12,  8,  9, 11,  7,  7, 12,  7,  6, 15, 13, 11,
           9,  7, 15, 11,  8,  6,  6, 14, 12, 13,  5, 14, 13, 13,  7,  5,
          15,  5,  8, 11, 14, 14,  6, 14,  6,  9, 12,  9, 12,  5, 15,  8,
           8,  5, 12,  9, 12,  5, 14,  6,  8, 13,  6,  5, 15, 13, 11, 11
        ];

    /* privileged (public) methods */
    this.hex = function (s) {
      return rstr2hex(rstr(s, utf8));
    };
    this.b64 = function (s) {
      return rstr2b64(rstr(s, utf8), b64pad);
    };
    this.any = function (s, e) {
      return rstr2any(rstr(s, utf8), e);
    };
    this.hex_hmac = function (k, d) {
      return rstr2hex(rstr_hmac(k, d));
    };
    this.b64_hmac = function (k, d) {
      return rstr2b64(rstr_hmac(k, d), b64pad);
    };
    this.any_hmac = function (k, d, e) {
      return rstr2any(rstr_hmac(k, d), e);
    };
    /**
     * Perform a simple self-test to see if the VM is working
     * @return {String} Hexadecimal hash sample
     * @public
     */
    this.vm_test = function () {
      return hex('abc').toLowerCase() === '900150983cd24fb0d6963f7d28e17f72';
    };
    /**
     * @description Enable/disable uppercase hexadecimal returned string
     * @param {boolean}
     * @return {Object} this
     * @public
     */
    this.setUpperCase = function (a) {
      if (typeof a === 'boolean' ) { hexcase = a; }
      return this;
    };
    /**
     * @description Defines a base64 pad string
     * @param {string} Pad
     * @return {Object} this
     * @public
     */
    this.setPad = function (a) {
      if (typeof a !== 'undefined' ) { b64pad = a; }
      return this;
    };
    /**
     * @description Defines a base64 pad string
     * @param {boolean}
     * @return {Object} this
     * @public
     */
    this.setUTF8 = function (a) {
      if (typeof a === 'boolean') { utf8 = a; }
      return this;
    };

    /* private methods */

    /**
     * Calculate the rmd160 of a raw string
     */
    function rstr(s) {
      s = (utf8) ? utf8Encode(s) : s;
      return binl2rstr(binl(rstr2binl(s), s.length * 8));
    }

    /**
     * Calculate the HMAC-rmd160 of a key and some data (raw strings)
     */
    function rstr_hmac(key, data) {
      key = (utf8) ? utf8Encode(key) : key;
      data = (utf8) ? utf8Encode(data) : data;
      var i, hash,
          bkey = rstr2binl(key),
          ipad = Array(16), opad = Array(16);

      if (bkey.length > 16) {
        bkey = binl(bkey, key.length * 8);
      }

      for (i = 0; i < 16; i+=1) {
        ipad[i] = bkey[i] ^ 0x36363636;
        opad[i] = bkey[i] ^ 0x5C5C5C5C;
      }
      hash = binl(ipad.concat(rstr2binl(data)), 512 + data.length * 8);
      return binl2rstr(binl(opad.concat(hash), 512 + 160));
    }

    /**
     * Convert an array of little-endian words to a string
     */
    function binl2rstr(input) {
      var i, output = '', l = input.length * 32;
      for (i = 0; i < l; i += 8) {
        output += String.fromCharCode((input[i>>5] >>> (i % 32)) & 0xFF);
      }
      return output;
    }

    /**
     * Calculate the RIPE-MD160 of an array of little-endian words, and a bit length.
     */
    function binl(x, len) {
      var T, j, i, l,
          h0 = 0x67452301,
          h1 = 0xefcdab89,
          h2 = 0x98badcfe,
          h3 = 0x10325476,
          h4 = 0xc3d2e1f0,
          A1, B1, C1, D1, E1,
          A2, B2, C2, D2, E2;

      /* append padding */
      x[len >> 5] |= 0x80 << (len % 32);
      x[(((len + 64) >>> 9) << 4) + 14] = len;
      l = x.length;

      for (i = 0; i < l; i+=16) {
        A1 = A2 = h0; B1 = B2 = h1; C1 = C2 = h2; D1 = D2 = h3; E1 = E2 = h4;
        for (j = 0; j <= 79; j+=1) {
          T = safe_add(A1, rmd160_f(j, B1, C1, D1));
          T = safe_add(T, x[i + rmd160_r1[j]]);
          T = safe_add(T, rmd160_K1(j));
          T = safe_add(bit_rol(T, rmd160_s1[j]), E1);
          A1 = E1; E1 = D1; D1 = bit_rol(C1, 10); C1 = B1; B1 = T;
          T = safe_add(A2, rmd160_f(79-j, B2, C2, D2));
          T = safe_add(T, x[i + rmd160_r2[j]]);
          T = safe_add(T, rmd160_K2(j));
          T = safe_add(bit_rol(T, rmd160_s2[j]), E2);
          A2 = E2; E2 = D2; D2 = bit_rol(C2, 10); C2 = B2; B2 = T;
        }

        T = safe_add(h1, safe_add(C1, D2));
        h1 = safe_add(h2, safe_add(D1, E2));
        h2 = safe_add(h3, safe_add(E1, A2));
        h3 = safe_add(h4, safe_add(A1, B2));
        h4 = safe_add(h0, safe_add(B1, C2));
        h0 = T;
      }
      return [h0, h1, h2, h3, h4];
    }

    // specific algorithm methods
    function rmd160_f(j, x, y, z) {
      return ( 0 <= j && j <= 15) ? (x ^ y ^ z) :
         (16 <= j && j <= 31) ? (x & y) | (~x & z) :
         (32 <= j && j <= 47) ? (x | ~y) ^ z :
         (48 <= j && j <= 63) ? (x & z) | (y & ~z) :
         (64 <= j && j <= 79) ? x ^ (y | ~z) :
         'rmd160_f: j out of range';
    }

    function rmd160_K1(j) {
      return ( 0 <= j && j <= 15) ? 0x00000000 :
         (16 <= j && j <= 31) ? 0x5a827999 :
         (32 <= j && j <= 47) ? 0x6ed9eba1 :
         (48 <= j && j <= 63) ? 0x8f1bbcdc :
         (64 <= j && j <= 79) ? 0xa953fd4e :
         'rmd160_K1: j out of range';
    }

    function rmd160_K2(j){
      return ( 0 <= j && j <= 15) ? 0x50a28be6 :
         (16 <= j && j <= 31) ? 0x5c4dd124 :
         (32 <= j && j <= 47) ? 0x6d703ef3 :
         (48 <= j && j <= 63) ? 0x7a6d76e9 :
         (64 <= j && j <= 79) ? 0x00000000 :
         'rmd160_K2: j out of range';
    }
  }
};

  // exposes Hashes
  (function( window, undefined ) {
    var freeExports = false;
    if (typeof exports === 'object' ) {
      freeExports = exports;
      if (exports && typeof global === 'object' && global && global === global.global ) { window = global; }
    }

    if (typeof define === 'function' && typeof define.amd === 'object' && define.amd) {
      // define as an anonymous module, so, through path mapping, it can be aliased
      define(function () { return Hashes; });
    }
    else if ( freeExports ) {
      // in Node.js or RingoJS v0.8.0+
      if ( typeof module === 'object' && module && module.exports === freeExports ) {
        module.exports = Hashes;
      }
      // in Narwhal or RingoJS v0.7.0-
      else {
        freeExports.Hashes = Hashes;
      }
    }
    else {
      // in a browser or Rhino
      window.Hashes = Hashes;
    }
  }( this ));
}()); // IIFE

})(window)
},{}],2:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

var hashes = require('jshashes'),
    xtend = require('xtend'),
    sha1 = new hashes.SHA1();

var ohauth = {};

ohauth.qsString = function(obj) {
    return Object.keys(obj).sort().map(function(key) {
        return ohauth.percentEncode(key) + '=' +
            ohauth.percentEncode(obj[key]);
    }).join('&');
};

ohauth.stringQs = function(str) {
    return str.split('&').reduce(function(obj, pair){
        var parts = pair.split('=');
        obj[decodeURIComponent(parts[0])] = (null === parts[1]) ?
            '' : decodeURIComponent(parts[1]);
        return obj;
    }, {});
};

ohauth.rawxhr = function(method, url, data, headers, callback) {
    var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest(),
        twoHundred = /^20\d$/;
    xhr.onreadystatechange = function() {
        if (4 == xhr.readyState && 0 !== xhr.status) {
            if (twoHundred.test(xhr.status)) callback(null, xhr);
            else return callback(xhr, null);
        }
    };
    xhr.onerror = function(e) { return callback(e, null); };
    xhr.open(method, url, true);
    for (var h in headers) xhr.setRequestHeader(h, headers[h]);
    xhr.send(data);
};

ohauth.xhr = function(method, url, auth, data, options, callback) {
    var headers = (options && options.header) || {
        'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
    };
    headers.Authorization = 'OAuth ' + ohauth.authHeader(auth);
    ohauth.rawxhr(method, url, data, headers, callback);
};

ohauth.nonce = function() {
    for (var o = ''; o.length < 6;) {
        o += '0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXTZabcdefghiklmnopqrstuvwxyz'[Math.floor(Math.random() * 61)];
    }
    return o;
};

ohauth.authHeader = function(obj) {
    return Object.keys(obj).sort().map(function(key) {
        return encodeURIComponent(key) + '="' + encodeURIComponent(obj[key]) + '"';
    }).join(', ');
};

ohauth.timestamp = function() { return ~~((+new Date()) / 1000); };

ohauth.percentEncode = function(s) {
    return encodeURIComponent(s)
        .replace(/\!/g, '%21').replace(/\'/g, '%27')
        .replace(/\*/g, '%2A').replace(/\(/g, '%28').replace(/\)/g, '%29');
};

ohauth.baseString = function(method, url, params) {
    if (params.oauth_signature) delete params.oauth_signature;
    return [
        method,
        ohauth.percentEncode(url),
        ohauth.percentEncode(ohauth.qsString(params))].join('&');
};

ohauth.signature = function(oauth_secret, token_secret, baseString) {
    return sha1.b64_hmac(
        ohauth.percentEncode(oauth_secret) + '&' +
        ohauth.percentEncode(token_secret),
        baseString);
};

/**
 * Takes an options object for configuration (consumer_key,
 * consumer_secret, version, signature_method, token) and returns a
 * function that generates the Authorization header for given data.
 *
 * The returned function takes these parameters:
 * - method: GET/POST/...
 * - uri: full URI with protocol, port, path and query string
 * - extra_params: any extra parameters (that are passed in the POST data),
 *   can be an object or a from-urlencoded string.
 *
 * Returned function returns full OAuth header with "OAuth" string in it.
 */

ohauth.headerGenerator = function(options) {
    options = options || {};
    var consumer_key = options.consumer_key || '',
        consumer_secret = options.consumer_secret || '',
        signature_method = options.signature_method || 'HMAC-SHA1',
        version = options.version || '1.0',
        token = options.token || '';

    return function(method, uri, extra_params) {
        method = method.toUpperCase();
        if (typeof extra_params === 'string' && extra_params.length > 0) {
            extra_params = ohauth.stringQs(extra_params);
        }

        var uri_parts = uri.split('?', 2),
        base_uri = uri_parts[0];

        var query_params = uri_parts.length === 2 ?
            ohauth.stringQs(uri_parts[1]) : {};

        var oauth_params = {
            oauth_consumer_key: consumer_key,
            oauth_signature_method: signature_method,
            oauth_version: version,
            oauth_timestamp: ohauth.timestamp(),
            oauth_nonce: ohauth.nonce()
        };

        if (token) oauth_params.oauth_token = token;

        var all_params = xtend({}, oauth_params, query_params, extra_params),
            base_str = ohauth.baseString(method, base_uri, all_params);

        oauth_params.oauth_signature = ohauth.signature(consumer_secret, token, base_str);

        return 'OAuth ' + ohauth.authHeader(oauth_params);
    };
};

module.exports = ohauth;

},{"jshashes":7,"xtend":4}],6:[function(require,module,exports){
module.exports = Object.keys || require('./shim');


},{"./shim":8}],8:[function(require,module,exports){
(function () {
        "use strict";

        // modified from https://github.com/kriskowal/es5-shim
        var has = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,
                is = require('is'),
                forEach = require('foreach'),
                hasDontEnumBug = !({'toString': null}).propertyIsEnumerable('toString'),
                dontEnums = [
                        "toString",
                        "toLocaleString",
                        "valueOf",
                        "hasOwnProperty",
                        "isPrototypeOf",
                        "propertyIsEnumerable",
                        "constructor"
                ],
                keysShim;

        keysShim = function keys(object) {
                if (!is.object(object) && !is.array(object)) {
                        throw new TypeError("Object.keys called on a non-object");
                }

                var name, theKeys = [];
                for (name in object) {
                        if (has.call(object, name)) {
                                theKeys.push(name);
                        }
                }

                if (hasDontEnumBug) {
                        forEach(dontEnums, function (dontEnum) {
                                if (has.call(object, dontEnum)) {
                                        theKeys.push(dontEnum);
                                }
                        });
                }
                return theKeys;
        };

        module.exports = keysShim;
}());


},{"is":9,"foreach":10}],9:[function(require,module,exports){

/**!
 * is
 * the definitive JavaScript type testing library
 *
 * @copyright 2013 Enrico Marino
 * @license MIT
 */

var objProto = Object.prototype;
var owns = objProto.hasOwnProperty;
var toString = objProto.toString;
var isActualNaN = function (value) {
  return value !== value;
};
var NON_HOST_TYPES = {
  "boolean": 1,
  "number": 1,
  "string": 1,
  "undefined": 1
};

/**
 * Expose `is`
 */

var is = module.exports = {};

/**
 * Test general.
 */

/**
 * is.type
 * Test if `value` is a type of `type`.
 *
 * @param {Mixed} value value to test
 * @param {String} type type
 * @return {Boolean} true if `value` is a type of `type`, false otherwise
 * @api public
 */

is.a =
is.type = function (value, type) {
  return typeof value === type;
};

/**
 * is.defined
 * Test if `value` is defined.
 *
 * @param {Mixed} value value to test
 * @return {Boolean} true if 'value' is defined, false otherwise
 * @api public
 */

is.defined = function (value) {
  return value !== undefined;
};

/**
 * is.empty
 * Test if `value` is empty.
 *
 * @param {Mixed} value value to test
 * @return {Boolean} true if `value` is empty, false otherwise
 * @api public
 */

is.empty = function (value) {
  var type = toString.call(value);
  var key;

  if ('[object Array]' === type || '[object Arguments]' === type) {
    return value.length === 0;
  }

  if ('[object Object]' === type) {
    for (key in value) if (owns.call(value, key)) return false;
    return true;
  }

  if ('[object String]' === type) {
    return '' === value;
  }

  return false;
};

/**
 * is.equal
 * Test if `value` is equal to `other`.
 *
 * @param {Mixed} value value to test
 * @param {Mixed} other value to compare with
 * @return {Boolean} true if `value` is equal to `other`, false otherwise
 */

is.equal = function (value, other) {
  var type = toString.call(value)
  var key;

  if (type !== toString.call(other)) {
    return false;
  }

  if ('[object Object]' === type) {
    for (key in value) {
      if (!is.equal(value[key], other[key])) {
        return false;
      }
    }
    return true;
  }

  if ('[object Array]' === type) {
    key = value.length;
    if (key !== other.length) {
      return false;
    }
    while (--key) {
      if (!is.equal(value[key], other[key])) {
        return false;
      }
    }
    return true;
  }

  if ('[object Function]' === type) {
    return value.prototype === other.prototype;
  }

  if ('[object Date]' === type) {
    return value.getTime() === other.getTime();
  }

  return value === other;
};

/**
 * is.hosted
 * Test if `value` is hosted by `host`.
 *
 * @param {Mixed} value to test
 * @param {Mixed} host host to test with
 * @return {Boolean} true if `value` is hosted by `host`, false otherwise
 * @api public
 */

is.hosted = function (value, host) {
  var type = typeof host[value];
  return type === 'object' ? !!host[value] : !NON_HOST_TYPES[type];
};

/**
 * is.instance
 * Test if `value` is an instance of `constructor`.
 *
 * @param {Mixed} value value to test
 * @return {Boolean} true if `value` is an instance of `constructor`
 * @api public
 */

is.instance = is['instanceof'] = function (value, constructor) {
  return value instanceof constructor;
};

/**
 * is.null
 * Test if `value` is null.
 *
 * @param {Mixed} value value to test
 * @return {Boolean} true if `value` is null, false otherwise
 * @api public
 */

is['null'] = function (value) {
  return value === null;
};

/**
 * is.undefined
 * Test if `value` is undefined.
 *
 * @param {Mixed} value value to test
 * @return {Boolean} true if `value` is undefined, false otherwise
 * @api public
 */

is.undefined = function (value) {
  return value === undefined;
};

/**
 * Test arguments.
 */

/**
 * is.arguments
 * Test if `value` is an arguments object.
 *
 * @param {Mixed} value value to test
 * @return {Boolean} true if `value` is an arguments object, false otherwise
 * @api public
 */

is.arguments = function (value) {
  var isStandardArguments = '[object Arguments]' === toString.call(value);
  var isOldArguments = !is.array(value) && is.arraylike(value) && is.object(value) && is.fn(value.callee);
  return isStandardArguments || isOldArguments;
};

/**
 * Test array.
 */

/**
 * is.array
 * Test if 'value' is an array.
 *
 * @param {Mixed} value value to test
 * @return {Boolean} true if `value` is an array, false otherwise
 * @api public
 */

is.array = function (value) {
  return '[object Array]' === toString.call(value);
};

/**
 * is.arguments.empty
 * Test if `value` is an empty arguments object.
 *
 * @param {Mixed} value value to test
 * @return {Boolean} true if `value` is an empty arguments object, false otherwise
 * @api public
 */
is.arguments.empty = function (value) {
  return is.arguments(value) && value.length === 0;
};

/**
 * is.array.empty
 * Test if `value` is an empty array.
 *
 * @param {Mixed} value value to test
 * @return {Boolean} true if `value` is an empty array, false otherwise
 * @api public
 */
is.array.empty = function (value) {
  return is.array(value) && value.length === 0;
};

/**
 * is.arraylike
 * Test if `value` is an arraylike object.
 *
 * @param {Mixed} value value to test
 * @return {Boolean} true if `value` is an arguments object, false otherwise
 * @api public
 */

is.arraylike = function (value) {
  return !!value && !is.boolean(value)
    && owns.call(value, 'length')
    && isFinite(value.length)
    && is.number(value.length)
    && value.length >= 0;
};

/**
 * Test boolean.
 */

/**
 * is.boolean
 * Test if `value` is a boolean.
 *
 * @param {Mixed} value value to test
 * @return {Boolean} true if `value` is a boolean, false otherwise
 * @api public
 */

is.boolean = function (value) {
  return '[object Boolean]' === toString.call(value);
};

/**
 * is.false
 * Test if `value` is false.
 *
 * @param {Mixed} value value to test
 * @return {Boolean} true if `value` is false, false otherwise
 * @api public
 */

is['false'] = function (value) {
  return is.boolean(value) && (value === false || value.valueOf() === false);
};

/**
 * is.true
 * Test if `value` is true.
 *
 * @param {Mixed} value value to test
 * @return {Boolean} true if `value` is true, false otherwise
 * @api public
 */

is['true'] = function (value) {
  return is.boolean(value) && (value === true || value.valueOf() === true);
};

/**
 * Test date.
 */

/**
 * is.date
 * Test if `value` is a date.
 *
 * @param {Mixed} value value to test
 * @return {Boolean} true if `value` is a date, false otherwise
 * @api public
 */

is.date = function (value) {
  return '[object Date]' === toString.call(value);
};

/**
 * Test element.
 */

/**
 * is.element
 * Test if `value` is an html element.
 *
 * @param {Mixed} value value to test
 * @return {Boolean} true if `value` is an HTML Element, false otherwise
 * @api public
 */

is.element = function (value) {
  return value !== undefined
    && typeof HTMLElement !== 'undefined'
    && value instanceof HTMLElement
    && value.nodeType === 1;
};

/**
 * Test error.
 */

/**
 * is.error
 * Test if `value` is an error object.
 *
 * @param {Mixed} value value to test
 * @return {Boolean} true if `value` is an error object, false otherwise
 * @api public
 */

is.error = function (value) {
  return '[object Error]' === toString.call(value);
};

/**
 * Test function.
 */

/**
 * is.fn / is.function (deprecated)
 * Test if `value` is a function.
 *
 * @param {Mixed} value value to test
 * @return {Boolean} true if `value` is a function, false otherwise
 * @api public
 */

is.fn = is['function'] = function (value) {
  var isAlert = typeof window !== 'undefined' && value === window.alert;
  return isAlert || '[object Function]' === toString.call(value);
};

/**
 * Test number.
 */

/**
 * is.number
 * Test if `value` is a number.
 *
 * @param {Mixed} value value to test
 * @return {Boolean} true if `value` is a number, false otherwise
 * @api public
 */

is.number = function (value) {
  return '[object Number]' === toString.call(value);
};

/**
 * is.infinite
 * Test if `value` is positive or negative infinity.
 *
 * @param {Mixed} value value to test
 * @return {Boolean} true if `value` is positive or negative Infinity, false otherwise
 * @api public
 */
is.infinite = function (value) {
  return value === Infinity || value === -Infinity;
};

/**
 * is.decimal
 * Test if `value` is a decimal number.
 *
 * @param {Mixed} value value to test
 * @return {Boolean} true if `value` is a decimal number, false otherwise
 * @api public
 */

is.decimal = function (value) {
  return is.number(value) && !isActualNaN(value) && value % 1 !== 0;
};

/**
 * is.divisibleBy
 * Test if `value` is divisible by `n`.
 *
 * @param {Number} value value to test
 * @param {Number} n dividend
 * @return {Boolean} true if `value` is divisible by `n`, false otherwise
 * @api public
 */

is.divisibleBy = function (value, n) {
  var isDividendInfinite = is.infinite(value);
  var isDivisorInfinite = is.infinite(n);
  var isNonZeroNumber = is.number(value) && !isActualNaN(value) && is.number(n) && !isActualNaN(n) && n !== 0;
  return isDividendInfinite || isDivisorInfinite || (isNonZeroNumber && value % n === 0);
};

/**
 * is.int
 * Test if `value` is an integer.
 *
 * @param value to test
 * @return {Boolean} true if `value` is an integer, false otherwise
 * @api public
 */

is.int = function (value) {
  return is.number(value) && !isActualNaN(value) && value % 1 === 0;
};

/**
 * is.maximum
 * Test if `value` is greater than 'others' values.
 *
 * @param {Number} value value to test
 * @param {Array} others values to compare with
 * @return {Boolean} true if `value` is greater than `others` values
 * @api public
 */

is.maximum = function (value, others) {
  if (isActualNaN(value)) {
    throw new TypeError('NaN is not a valid value');
  } else if (!is.arraylike(others)) {
    throw new TypeError('second argument must be array-like');
  }
  var len = others.length;

  while (--len >= 0) {
    if (value < others[len]) {
      return false;
    }
  }

  return true;
};

/**
 * is.minimum
 * Test if `value` is less than `others` values.
 *
 * @param {Number} value value to test
 * @param {Array} others values to compare with
 * @return {Boolean} true if `value` is less than `others` values
 * @api public
 */

is.minimum = function (value, others) {
  if (isActualNaN(value)) {
    throw new TypeError('NaN is not a valid value');
  } else if (!is.arraylike(others)) {
    throw new TypeError('second argument must be array-like');
  }
  var len = others.length;

  while (--len >= 0) {
    if (value > others[len]) {
      return false;
    }
  }

  return true;
};

/**
 * is.nan
 * Test if `value` is not a number.
 *
 * @param {Mixed} value value to test
 * @return {Boolean} true if `value` is not a number, false otherwise
 * @api public
 */

is.nan = function (value) {
  return !is.number(value) || value !== value;
};

/**
 * is.even
 * Test if `value` is an even number.
 *
 * @param {Number} value value to test
 * @return {Boolean} true if `value` is an even number, false otherwise
 * @api public
 */

is.even = function (value) {
  return is.infinite(value) || (is.number(value) && value === value && value % 2 === 0);
};

/**
 * is.odd
 * Test if `value` is an odd number.
 *
 * @param {Number} value value to test
 * @return {Boolean} true if `value` is an odd number, false otherwise
 * @api public
 */

is.odd = function (value) {
  return is.infinite(value) || (is.number(value) && value === value && value % 2 !== 0);
};

/**
 * is.ge
 * Test if `value` is greater than or equal to `other`.
 *
 * @param {Number} value value to test
 * @param {Number} other value to compare with
 * @return {Boolean}
 * @api public
 */

is.ge = function (value, other) {
  if (isActualNaN(value) || isActualNaN(other)) {
    throw new TypeError('NaN is not a valid value');
  }
  return !is.infinite(value) && !is.infinite(other) && value >= other;
};

/**
 * is.gt
 * Test if `value` is greater than `other`.
 *
 * @param {Number} value value to test
 * @param {Number} other value to compare with
 * @return {Boolean}
 * @api public
 */

is.gt = function (value, other) {
  if (isActualNaN(value) || isActualNaN(other)) {
    throw new TypeError('NaN is not a valid value');
  }
  return !is.infinite(value) && !is.infinite(other) && value > other;
};

/**
 * is.le
 * Test if `value` is less than or equal to `other`.
 *
 * @param {Number} value value to test
 * @param {Number} other value to compare with
 * @return {Boolean} if 'value' is less than or equal to 'other'
 * @api public
 */

is.le = function (value, other) {
  if (isActualNaN(value) || isActualNaN(other)) {
    throw new TypeError('NaN is not a valid value');
  }
  return !is.infinite(value) && !is.infinite(other) && value <= other;
};

/**
 * is.lt
 * Test if `value` is less than `other`.
 *
 * @param {Number} value value to test
 * @param {Number} other value to compare with
 * @return {Boolean} if `value` is less than `other`
 * @api public
 */

is.lt = function (value, other) {
  if (isActualNaN(value) || isActualNaN(other)) {
    throw new TypeError('NaN is not a valid value');
  }
  return !is.infinite(value) && !is.infinite(other) && value < other;
};

/**
 * is.within
 * Test if `value` is within `start` and `finish`.
 *
 * @param {Number} value value to test
 * @param {Number} start lower bound
 * @param {Number} finish upper bound
 * @return {Boolean} true if 'value' is is within 'start' and 'finish'
 * @api public
 */
is.within = function (value, start, finish) {
  if (isActualNaN(value) || isActualNaN(start) || isActualNaN(finish)) {
    throw new TypeError('NaN is not a valid value');
  } else if (!is.number(value) || !is.number(start) || !is.number(finish)) {
    throw new TypeError('all arguments must be numbers');
  }
  var isAnyInfinite = is.infinite(value) || is.infinite(start) || is.infinite(finish);
  return isAnyInfinite || (value >= start && value <= finish);
};

/**
 * Test object.
 */

/**
 * is.object
 * Test if `value` is an object.
 *
 * @param {Mixed} value value to test
 * @return {Boolean} true if `value` is an object, false otherwise
 * @api public
 */

is.object = function (value) {
  return value && '[object Object]' === toString.call(value);
};

/**
 * is.hash
 * Test if `value` is a hash - a plain object literal.
 *
 * @param {Mixed} value value to test
 * @return {Boolean} true if `value` is a hash, false otherwise
 * @api public
 */

is.hash = function (value) {
  return is.object(value) && value.constructor === Object && !value.nodeType && !value.setInterval;
};

/**
 * Test regexp.
 */

/**
 * is.regexp
 * Test if `value` is a regular expression.
 *
 * @param {Mixed} value value to test
 * @return {Boolean} true if `value` is a regexp, false otherwise
 * @api public
 */

is.regexp = function (value) {
  return '[object RegExp]' === toString.call(value);
};

/**
 * Test string.
 */

/**
 * is.string
 * Test if `value` is a string.
 *
 * @param {Mixed} value value to test
 * @return {Boolean} true if 'value' is a string, false otherwise
 * @api public
 */

is.string = function (value) {
  return '[object String]' === toString.call(value);
};


},{}],10:[function(require,module,exports){

var hasOwn = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;
var toString = Object.prototype.toString;

module.exports = function forEach (obj, fn, ctx) {
    if (toString.call(fn) !== '[object Function]') {
        throw new TypeError('iterator must be a function');
    }
    var l = obj.length;
    if (l === +l) {
        for (var i = 0; i < l; i++) {
            fn.call(ctx, obj[i], i, obj);
        }
    } else {
        for (var k in obj) {
            if (hasOwn.call(obj, k)) {
                fn.call(ctx, obj[k], k, obj);
            }
        }
    }
};


},{}]},{},[1])(1)
});
;
/*
 (c) 2015, Vladimir Agafonkin
 RBush, a JavaScript library for high-performance 2D spatial indexing of points and rectangles.
 https://github.com/mourner/rbush
*/

(function () {
'use strict';

function rbush(maxEntries, format) {

    // jshint newcap: false, validthis: true
    if (!(this instanceof rbush)) return new rbush(maxEntries, format);

    // max entries in a node is 9 by default; min node fill is 40% for best performance
    this._maxEntries = Math.max(4, maxEntries || 9);
    this._minEntries = Math.max(2, Math.ceil(this._maxEntries * 0.4));

    if (format) {
        this._initFormat(format);
    }

    this.clear();
}

rbush.prototype = {

    all: function () {
        return this._all(this.data, []);
    },

    search: function (bbox) {

        var node = this.data,
            result = [],
            toBBox = this.toBBox;

        if (!intersects(bbox, node.bbox)) return result;

        var nodesToSearch = [],
            i, len, child, childBBox;

        while (node) {
            for (i = 0, len = node.children.length; i < len; i++) {

                child = node.children[i];
                childBBox = node.leaf ? toBBox(child) : child.bbox;

                if (intersects(bbox, childBBox)) {
                    if (node.leaf) result.push(child);
                    else if (contains(bbox, childBBox)) this._all(child, result);
                    else nodesToSearch.push(child);
                }
            }
            node = nodesToSearch.pop();
        }

        return result;
    },

    collides: function (bbox) {

        var node = this.data,
            toBBox = this.toBBox;

        if (!intersects(bbox, node.bbox)) return false;

        var nodesToSearch = [],
            i, len, child, childBBox;

        while (node) {
            for (i = 0, len = node.children.length; i < len; i++) {

                child = node.children[i];
                childBBox = node.leaf ? toBBox(child) : child.bbox;

                if (intersects(bbox, childBBox)) {
                    if (node.leaf || contains(bbox, childBBox)) return true;
                    nodesToSearch.push(child);
                }
            }
            node = nodesToSearch.pop();
        }

        return false;
    },

    load: function (data) {
        if (!(data && data.length)) return this;

        if (data.length < this._minEntries) {
            for (var i = 0, len = data.length; i < len; i++) {
                this.insert(data[i]);
            }
            return this;
        }

        // recursively build the tree with the given data from stratch using OMT algorithm
        var node = this._build(data.slice(), 0, data.length - 1, 0);

        if (!this.data.children.length) {
            // save as is if tree is empty
            this.data = node;

        } else if (this.data.height === node.height) {
            // split root if trees have the same height
            this._splitRoot(this.data, node);

        } else {
            if (this.data.height < node.height) {
                // swap trees if inserted one is bigger
                var tmpNode = this.data;
                this.data = node;
                node = tmpNode;
            }

            // insert the small tree into the large tree at appropriate level
            this._insert(node, this.data.height - node.height - 1, true);
        }

        return this;
    },

    insert: function (item) {
        if (item) this._insert(item, this.data.height - 1);
        return this;
    },

    clear: function () {
        this.data = {
            children: [],
            height: 1,
            bbox: empty(),
            leaf: true
        };
        return this;
    },

    remove: function (item) {
        if (!item) return this;

        var node = this.data,
            bbox = this.toBBox(item),
            path = [],
            indexes = [],
            i, parent, index, goingUp;

        // depth-first iterative tree traversal
        while (node || path.length) {

            if (!node) { // go up
                node = path.pop();
                parent = path[path.length - 1];
                i = indexes.pop();
                goingUp = true;
            }

            if (node.leaf) { // check current node
                index = node.children.indexOf(item);

                if (index !== -1) {
                    // item found, remove the item and condense tree upwards
                    node.children.splice(index, 1);
                    path.push(node);
                    this._condense(path);
                    return this;
                }
            }

            if (!goingUp && !node.leaf && contains(node.bbox, bbox)) { // go down
                path.push(node);
                indexes.push(i);
                i = 0;
                parent = node;
                node = node.children[0];

            } else if (parent) { // go right
                i++;
                node = parent.children[i];
                goingUp = false;

            } else node = null; // nothing found
        }

        return this;
    },

    toBBox: function (item) { return item; },

    compareMinX: function (a, b) { return a[0] - b[0]; },
    compareMinY: function (a, b) { return a[1] - b[1]; },

    toJSON: function () { return this.data; },

    fromJSON: function (data) {
        this.data = data;
        return this;
    },

    _all: function (node, result) {
        var nodesToSearch = [];
        while (node) {
            if (node.leaf) result.push.apply(result, node.children);
            else nodesToSearch.push.apply(nodesToSearch, node.children);

            node = nodesToSearch.pop();
        }
        return result;
    },

    _build: function (items, left, right, height) {

        var N = right - left + 1,
            M = this._maxEntries,
            node;

        if (N <= M) {
            // reached leaf level; return leaf
            node = {
                children: items.slice(left, right + 1),
                height: 1,
                bbox: null,
                leaf: true
            };
            calcBBox(node, this.toBBox);
            return node;
        }

        if (!height) {
            // target height of the bulk-loaded tree
            height = Math.ceil(Math.log(N) / Math.log(M));

            // target number of root entries to maximize storage utilization
            M = Math.ceil(N / Math.pow(M, height - 1));
        }

        node = {
            children: [],
            height: height,
            bbox: null,
            leaf: false
        };

        // split the items into M mostly square tiles

        var N2 = Math.ceil(N / M),
            N1 = N2 * Math.ceil(Math.sqrt(M)),
            i, j, right2, right3;

        multiSelect(items, left, right, N1, this.compareMinX);

        for (i = left; i <= right; i += N1) {

            right2 = Math.min(i + N1 - 1, right);

            multiSelect(items, i, right2, N2, this.compareMinY);

            for (j = i; j <= right2; j += N2) {

                right3 = Math.min(j + N2 - 1, right2);

                // pack each entry recursively
                node.children.push(this._build(items, j, right3, height - 1));
            }
        }

        calcBBox(node, this.toBBox);

        return node;
    },

    _chooseSubtree: function (bbox, node, level, path) {

        var i, len, child, targetNode, area, enlargement, minArea, minEnlargement;

        while (true) {
            path.push(node);

            if (node.leaf || path.length - 1 === level) break;

            minArea = minEnlargement = Infinity;

            for (i = 0, len = node.children.length; i < len; i++) {
                child = node.children[i];
                area = bboxArea(child.bbox);
                enlargement = enlargedArea(bbox, child.bbox) - area;

                // choose entry with the least area enlargement
                if (enlargement < minEnlargement) {
                    minEnlargement = enlargement;
                    minArea = area < minArea ? area : minArea;
                    targetNode = child;

                } else if (enlargement === minEnlargement) {
                    // otherwise choose one with the smallest area
                    if (area < minArea) {
                        minArea = area;
                        targetNode = child;
                    }
                }
            }

            node = targetNode;
        }

        return node;
    },

    _insert: function (item, level, isNode) {

        var toBBox = this.toBBox,
            bbox = isNode ? item.bbox : toBBox(item),
            insertPath = [];

        // find the best node for accommodating the item, saving all nodes along the path too
        var node = this._chooseSubtree(bbox, this.data, level, insertPath);

        // put the item into the node
        node.children.push(item);
        extend(node.bbox, bbox);

        // split on node overflow; propagate upwards if necessary
        while (level >= 0) {
            if (insertPath[level].children.length > this._maxEntries) {
                this._split(insertPath, level);
                level--;
            } else break;
        }

        // adjust bboxes along the insertion path
        this._adjustParentBBoxes(bbox, insertPath, level);
    },

    // split overflowed node into two
    _split: function (insertPath, level) {

        var node = insertPath[level],
            M = node.children.length,
            m = this._minEntries;

        this._chooseSplitAxis(node, m, M);

        var splitIndex = this._chooseSplitIndex(node, m, M);

        var newNode = {
            children: node.children.splice(splitIndex, node.children.length - splitIndex),
            height: node.height,
            bbox: null,
            leaf: false
        };

        if (node.leaf) newNode.leaf = true;

        calcBBox(node, this.toBBox);
        calcBBox(newNode, this.toBBox);

        if (level) insertPath[level - 1].children.push(newNode);
        else this._splitRoot(node, newNode);
    },

    _splitRoot: function (node, newNode) {
        // split root node
        this.data = {
            children: [node, newNode],
            height: node.height + 1,
            bbox: null,
            leaf: false
        };
        calcBBox(this.data, this.toBBox);
    },

    _chooseSplitIndex: function (node, m, M) {

        var i, bbox1, bbox2, overlap, area, minOverlap, minArea, index;

        minOverlap = minArea = Infinity;

        for (i = m; i <= M - m; i++) {
            bbox1 = distBBox(node, 0, i, this.toBBox);
            bbox2 = distBBox(node, i, M, this.toBBox);

            overlap = intersectionArea(bbox1, bbox2);
            area = bboxArea(bbox1) + bboxArea(bbox2);

            // choose distribution with minimum overlap
            if (overlap < minOverlap) {
                minOverlap = overlap;
                index = i;

                minArea = area < minArea ? area : minArea;

            } else if (overlap === minOverlap) {
                // otherwise choose distribution with minimum area
                if (area < minArea) {
                    minArea = area;
                    index = i;
                }
            }
        }

        return index;
    },

    // sorts node children by the best axis for split
    _chooseSplitAxis: function (node, m, M) {

        var compareMinX = node.leaf ? this.compareMinX : compareNodeMinX,
            compareMinY = node.leaf ? this.compareMinY : compareNodeMinY,
            xMargin = this._allDistMargin(node, m, M, compareMinX),
            yMargin = this._allDistMargin(node, m, M, compareMinY);

        // if total distributions margin value is minimal for x, sort by minX,
        // otherwise it's already sorted by minY
        if (xMargin < yMargin) node.children.sort(compareMinX);
    },

    // total margin of all possible split distributions where each node is at least m full
    _allDistMargin: function (node, m, M, compare) {

        node.children.sort(compare);

        var toBBox = this.toBBox,
            leftBBox = distBBox(node, 0, m, toBBox),
            rightBBox = distBBox(node, M - m, M, toBBox),
            margin = bboxMargin(leftBBox) + bboxMargin(rightBBox),
            i, child;

        for (i = m; i < M - m; i++) {
            child = node.children[i];
            extend(leftBBox, node.leaf ? toBBox(child) : child.bbox);
            margin += bboxMargin(leftBBox);
        }

        for (i = M - m - 1; i >= m; i--) {
            child = node.children[i];
            extend(rightBBox, node.leaf ? toBBox(child) : child.bbox);
            margin += bboxMargin(rightBBox);
        }

        return margin;
    },

    _adjustParentBBoxes: function (bbox, path, level) {
        // adjust bboxes along the given tree path
        for (var i = level; i >= 0; i--) {
            extend(path[i].bbox, bbox);
        }
    },

    _condense: function (path) {
        // go through the path, removing empty nodes and updating bboxes
        for (var i = path.length - 1, siblings; i >= 0; i--) {
            if (path[i].children.length === 0) {
                if (i > 0) {
                    siblings = path[i - 1].children;
                    siblings.splice(siblings.indexOf(path[i]), 1);

                } else this.clear();

            } else calcBBox(path[i], this.toBBox);
        }
    },

    _initFormat: function (format) {
        // data format (minX, minY, maxX, maxY accessors)

        // uses eval-type function compilation instead of just accepting a toBBox function
        // because the algorithms are very sensitive to sorting functions performance,
        // so they should be dead simple and without inner calls

        // jshint evil: true

        var compareArr = ['return a', ' - b', ';'];

        this.compareMinX = new Function('a', 'b', compareArr.join(format[0]));
        this.compareMinY = new Function('a', 'b', compareArr.join(format[1]));

        this.toBBox = new Function('a', 'return [a' + format.join(', a') + '];');
    }
};


// calculate node's bbox from bboxes of its children
function calcBBox(node, toBBox) {
    node.bbox = distBBox(node, 0, node.children.length, toBBox);
}

// min bounding rectangle of node children from k to p-1
function distBBox(node, k, p, toBBox) {
    var bbox = empty();

    for (var i = k, child; i < p; i++) {
        child = node.children[i];
        extend(bbox, node.leaf ? toBBox(child) : child.bbox);
    }

    return bbox;
}

function empty() { return [Infinity, Infinity, -Infinity, -Infinity]; }

function extend(a, b) {
    a[0] = Math.min(a[0], b[0]);
    a[1] = Math.min(a[1], b[1]);
    a[2] = Math.max(a[2], b[2]);
    a[3] = Math.max(a[3], b[3]);
    return a;
}

function compareNodeMinX(a, b) { return a.bbox[0] - b.bbox[0]; }
function compareNodeMinY(a, b) { return a.bbox[1] - b.bbox[1]; }

function bboxArea(a)   { return (a[2] - a[0]) * (a[3] - a[1]); }
function bboxMargin(a) { return (a[2] - a[0]) + (a[3] - a[1]); }

function enlargedArea(a, b) {
    return (Math.max(b[2], a[2]) - Math.min(b[0], a[0])) *
           (Math.max(b[3], a[3]) - Math.min(b[1], a[1]));
}

function intersectionArea(a, b) {
    var minX = Math.max(a[0], b[0]),
        minY = Math.max(a[1], b[1]),
        maxX = Math.min(a[2], b[2]),
        maxY = Math.min(a[3], b[3]);

    return Math.max(0, maxX - minX) *
           Math.max(0, maxY - minY);
}

function contains(a, b) {
    return a[0] <= b[0] &&
           a[1] <= b[1] &&
           b[2] <= a[2] &&
           b[3] <= a[3];
}

function intersects(a, b) {
    return b[0] <= a[2] &&
           b[1] <= a[3] &&
           b[2] >= a[0] &&
           b[3] >= a[1];
}

// sort an array so that items come in groups of n unsorted items, with groups sorted between each other;
// combines selection algorithm with binary divide & conquer approach

function multiSelect(arr, left, right, n, compare) {
    var stack = [left, right],
        mid;

    while (stack.length) {
        right = stack.pop();
        left = stack.pop();

        if (right - left <= n) continue;

        mid = left + Math.ceil((right - left) / n / 2) * n;
        select(arr, left, right, mid, compare);

        stack.push(left, mid, mid, right);
    }
}

// Floyd-Rivest selection algorithm:
// sort an array between left and right (inclusive) so that the smallest k elements come first (unordered)
function select(arr, left, right, k, compare) {
    var n, i, z, s, sd, newLeft, newRight, t, j;

    while (right > left) {
        if (right - left > 600) {
            n = right - left + 1;
            i = k - left + 1;
            z = Math.log(n);
            s = 0.5 * Math.exp(2 * z / 3);
            sd = 0.5 * Math.sqrt(z * s * (n - s) / n) * (i - n / 2 < 0 ? -1 : 1);
            newLeft = Math.max(left, Math.floor(k - i * s / n + sd));
            newRight = Math.min(right, Math.floor(k + (n - i) * s / n + sd));
            select(arr, newLeft, newRight, k, compare);
        }

        t = arr[k];
        i = left;
        j = right;

        swap(arr, left, k);
        if (compare(arr[right], t) > 0) swap(arr, left, right);

        while (i < j) {
            swap(arr, i, j);
            i++;
            j--;
            while (compare(arr[i], t) < 0) i++;
            while (compare(arr[j], t) > 0) j--;
        }

        if (compare(arr[left], t) === 0) swap(arr, left, j);
        else {
            j++;
            swap(arr, j, right);
        }

        if (j <= k) left = j + 1;
        if (k <= j) right = j - 1;
    }
}

function swap(arr, i, j) {
    var tmp = arr[i];
    arr[i] = arr[j];
    arr[j] = tmp;
}


// export as AMD/CommonJS module or global variable
if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) define('rbush', function () { return rbush; });
else if (typeof module !== 'undefined') module.exports = rbush;
else if (typeof self !== 'undefined') self.rbush = rbush;
else window.rbush = rbush;

})();
(function(e){if("function"==typeof bootstrap)bootstrap("sexagesimal",e);else if("object"==typeof exports)module.exports=e();else if("function"==typeof define&&define.amd)define(e);else if("undefined"!=typeof ses){if(!ses.ok())return;ses.makeSexagesimal=e}else"undefined"!=typeof window?window.sexagesimal=e():global.sexagesimal=e()})(function(){var define,ses,bootstrap,module,exports;
return (function e(t,n,r){function s(o,u){if(!n[o]){if(!t[o]){var a=typeof require=="function"&&require;if(!u&&a)return a(o,!0);if(i)return i(o,!0);throw new Error("Cannot find module '"+o+"'")}var f=n[o]={exports:{}};t[o][0].call(f.exports,function(e){var n=t[o][1][e];return s(n?n:e)},f,f.exports,e,t,n,r)}return n[o].exports}var i=typeof require=="function"&&require;for(var o=0;o<r.length;o++)s(r[o]);return s})({1:[function(require,module,exports){
module.exports = element;
module.exports.pair = pair;
module.exports.format = format;
module.exports.formatPair = formatPair;

function element(x, dims) {
    return search(x, dims).val;
}

function formatPair(x) {
    return format(x.lat, 'lat') + ' ' + format(x.lon, 'lon');
}

// Is 0 North or South?
function format(x, dim) {
    var dirs = {
            lat: ['N', 'S'],
            lon: ['E', 'W']
        }[dim] || '',
        dir = dirs[x >= 0 ? 0 : 1],
        abs = Math.abs(x),
        whole = Math.floor(abs),
        fraction = abs - whole,
        fractionMinutes = fraction * 60,
        minutes = Math.floor(fractionMinutes),
        seconds = Math.floor((fractionMinutes - minutes) * 60);

    return whole + '° ' +
        (minutes ? minutes + "' " : '') +
        (seconds ? seconds + '" ' : '') + dir;
}

function search(x, dims, r) {
    if (!dims) dims = 'NSEW';
    if (typeof x !== 'string') return { val: null, regex: r };
    r = r || /[\s\,]*([\-|\—|\―]?[0-9.]+)°? *(?:([0-9.]+)['’′‘] *)?(?:([0-9.]+)(?:''|"|”|″) *)?([NSEW])?/gi;
    var m = r.exec(x);
    if (!m) return { val: null, regex: r };
    else if (m[4] && dims.indexOf(m[4]) === -1) return { val: null, regex: r };
    else return {
        val: (((m[1]) ? parseFloat(m[1]) : 0) +
            ((m[2] ? parseFloat(m[2]) / 60 : 0)) +
            ((m[3] ? parseFloat(m[3]) / 3600 : 0))) *
            ((m[4] && m[4] === 'S' || m[4] === 'W') ? -1 : 1),
        regex: r,
        raw: m[0],
        dim: m[4]
    };
}

function pair(x, dims) {
    x = x.trim();
    var one = search(x, dims);
    if (one.val === null) return null;
    var two = search(x, dims, one.regex);
    if (two.val === null) return null;
    // null if one/two are not contiguous.
    if (one.raw + two.raw !== x) return null;
    if (one.dim) return swapdim(one.val, two.val, one.dim);
    else return [one.val, two.val];
}

function swapdim(a, b, dim) {
    if (dim == 'N' || dim == 'S') return [a, b];
    if (dim == 'W' || dim == 'E') return [b, a];
}

},{}]},{},[1])
(1)
});
;toGeoJSON = (function() {
    'use strict';

    var removeSpace = (/\s*/g),
        trimSpace = (/^\s*|\s*$/g),
        splitSpace = (/\s+/);
    // generate a short, numeric hash of a string
    function okhash(x) {
        if (!x || !x.length) return 0;
        for (var i = 0, h = 0; i < x.length; i++) {
            h = ((h << 5) - h) + x.charCodeAt(i) | 0;
        } return h;
    }
    // all Y children of X
    function get(x, y) { return x.getElementsByTagName(y); }
    function attr(x, y) { return x.getAttribute(y); }
    function attrf(x, y) { return parseFloat(attr(x, y)); }
    // one Y child of X, if any, otherwise null
    function get1(x, y) { var n = get(x, y); return n.length ? n[0] : null; }
    // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Node.normalize
    function norm(el) { if (el.normalize) { el.normalize(); } return el; }
    // cast array x into numbers
    function numarray(x) {
        for (var j = 0, o = []; j < x.length; j++) o[j] = parseFloat(x[j]);
        return o;
    }
    function clean(x) {
        var o = {};
        for (var i in x) if (x[i]) o[i] = x[i];
        return o;
    }
    // get the content of a text node, if any
    function nodeVal(x) { if (x) {norm(x);} return x && x.firstChild && x.firstChild.nodeValue; }
    // get one coordinate from a coordinate array, if any
    function coord1(v) { return numarray(v.replace(removeSpace, '').split(',')); }
    // get all coordinates from a coordinate array as [[],[]]
    function coord(v) {
        var coords = v.replace(trimSpace, '').split(splitSpace),
            o = [];
        for (var i = 0; i < coords.length; i++) {
            o.push(coord1(coords[i]));
        }
        return o;
    }
    function coordPair(x) { return [attrf(x, 'lon'), attrf(x, 'lat')]; }

    // create a new feature collection parent object
    function fc() {
        return {
            type: 'FeatureCollection',
            features: []
        };
    }

    var styleSupport = false;
    if (typeof XMLSerializer !== 'undefined') {
        var serializer = new XMLSerializer();
        styleSupport = true;
    }
    function xml2str(str) { return serializer.serializeToString(str); }

    var t = {
        kml: function(doc, o) {
            o = o || {};

            var gj = fc(),
                // styleindex keeps track of hashed styles in order to match features
                styleIndex = {},
                // atomic geospatial types supported by KML - MultiGeometry is
                // handled separately
                geotypes = ['Polygon', 'LineString', 'Point', 'Track'],
                // all root placemarks in the file
                placemarks = get(doc, 'Placemark'),
                styles = get(doc, 'Style');

            if (styleSupport) for (var k = 0; k < styles.length; k++) {
                styleIndex['#' + attr(styles[k], 'id')] = okhash(xml2str(styles[k])).toString(16);
            }
            for (var j = 0; j < placemarks.length; j++) {
                gj.features = gj.features.concat(getPlacemark(placemarks[j]));
            }
            function gxCoord(v) { return numarray(v.split(' ')); }
            function gxCoords(root) {
                var elems = get(root, 'coord', 'gx'), coords = [];
                for (var i = 0; i < elems.length; i++) coords.push(gxCoord(nodeVal(elems[i])));
                return coords;
            }
            function getGeometry(root) {
                var geomNode, geomNodes, i, j, k, geoms = [];
                if (get1(root, 'MultiGeometry')) return getGeometry(get1(root, 'MultiGeometry'));
                if (get1(root, 'MultiTrack')) return getGeometry(get1(root, 'MultiTrack'));
                for (i = 0; i < geotypes.length; i++) {
                    geomNodes = get(root, geotypes[i]);
                    if (geomNodes) {
                        for (j = 0; j < geomNodes.length; j++) {
                            geomNode = geomNodes[j];
                            if (geotypes[i] == 'Point') {
                                geoms.push({
                                    type: 'Point',
                                    coordinates: coord1(nodeVal(get1(geomNode, 'coordinates')))
                                });
                            } else if (geotypes[i] == 'LineString') {
                                geoms.push({
                                    type: 'LineString',
                                    coordinates: coord(nodeVal(get1(geomNode, 'coordinates')))
                                });
                            } else if (geotypes[i] == 'Polygon') {
                                var rings = get(geomNode, 'LinearRing'),
                                    coords = [];
                                for (k = 0; k < rings.length; k++) {
                                    coords.push(coord(nodeVal(get1(rings[k], 'coordinates'))));
                                }
                                geoms.push({
                                    type: 'Polygon',
                                    coordinates: coords
                                });
                            } else if (geotypes[i] == 'Track') {
                                geoms.push({
                                    type: 'LineString',
                                    coordinates: gxCoords(geomNode)
                                });
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                return geoms;
            }
            function getPlacemark(root) {
                var geoms = getGeometry(root), i, properties = {},
                    name = nodeVal(get1(root, 'name')),
                    styleUrl = nodeVal(get1(root, 'styleUrl')),
                    description = nodeVal(get1(root, 'description')),
                    extendedData = get1(root, 'ExtendedData');

                if (!geoms.length) return [];
                if (name) properties.name = name;
                if (styleUrl && styleIndex[styleUrl]) {
                    properties.styleUrl = styleUrl;
                    properties.styleHash = styleIndex[styleUrl];
                }
                if (description) properties.description = description;
                if (extendedData) {
                    var datas = get(extendedData, 'Data'),
                        simpleDatas = get(extendedData, 'SimpleData');

                    for (i = 0; i < datas.length; i++) {
                        properties[datas[i].getAttribute('name')] = nodeVal(get1(datas[i], 'value'));
                    }
                    for (i = 0; i < simpleDatas.length; i++) {
                        properties[simpleDatas[i].getAttribute('name')] = nodeVal(simpleDatas[i]);
                    }
                }
                return [{
                    type: 'Feature',
                    geometry: (geoms.length === 1) ? geoms[0] : {
                        type: 'GeometryCollection',
                        geometries: geoms
                    },
                    properties: properties
                }];
            }
            return gj;
        },
        gpx: function(doc, o) {
            var i,
                tracks = get(doc, 'trk'),
                routes = get(doc, 'rte'),
                waypoints = get(doc, 'wpt'),
                // a feature collection
                gj = fc();
            for (i = 0; i < tracks.length; i++) {
                gj.features.push(getLinestring(tracks[i], 'trkpt'));
            }
            for (i = 0; i < routes.length; i++) {
                gj.features.push(getLinestring(routes[i], 'rtept'));
            }
            for (i = 0; i < waypoints.length; i++) {
                gj.features.push(getPoint(waypoints[i]));
            }
            function getLinestring(node, pointname) {
                var j, pts = get(node, pointname), line = [];
                for (j = 0; j < pts.length; j++) {
                    line.push(coordPair(pts[j]));
                }
                return {
                    type: 'Feature',
                    properties: getProperties(node),
                    geometry: {
                        type: 'LineString',
                        coordinates: line
                    }
                };
            }
            function getPoint(node) {
                var prop = getProperties(node);
                prop.ele = nodeVal(get1(node, 'ele'));
                prop.sym = nodeVal(get1(node, 'sym'));
                return {
                    type: 'Feature',
                    properties: prop,
                    geometry: {
                        type: 'Point',
                        coordinates: coordPair(node)
                    }
                };
            }
            function getProperties(node) {
                var meta = ['name', 'desc', 'author', 'copyright', 'link',
                            'time', 'keywords'],
                    prop = {},
                    k;
                for (k = 0; k < meta.length; k++) {
                    prop[meta[k]] = nodeVal(get1(node, meta[k]));
                }
                return clean(prop);
            }
            return gj;
        }
    };
    return t;
})();

if (typeof module !== 'undefined') module.exports = toGeoJSON;
/**
 * marked - a markdown parser
 * Copyright (c) 2011-2013, Christopher Jeffrey. (MIT Licensed)
 * https://github.com/chjj/marked
 */

;(function() {

/**
 * Block-Level Grammar
 */

var block = {
  newline: /^\n+/,
  code: /^( {4}[^\n]+\n*)+/,
  fences: noop,
  hr: /^( *[-*_]){3,} *(?:\n+|$)/,
  heading: /^ *(#{1,6}) *([^\n]+?) *#* *(?:\n+|$)/,
  nptable: noop,
  lheading: /^([^\n]+)\n *(=|-){3,} *\n*/,
  blockquote: /^( *>[^\n]+(\n[^\n]+)*\n*)+/,
  list: /^( *)(bull) [\s\S]+?(?:hr|\n{2,}(?! )(?!\1bull )\n*|\s*$)/,
  html: /^ *(?:comment|closed|closing) *(?:\n{2,}|\s*$)/,
  def: /^ *\[([^\]]+)\]: *<?([^\s>]+)>?(?: +["(]([^\n]+)[")])? *(?:\n+|$)/,
  table: noop,
  paragraph: /^((?:[^\n]+\n?(?!hr|heading|lheading|blockquote|tag|def))+)\n*/,
  text: /^[^\n]+/
};

block.bullet = /(?:[*+-]|\d+\.)/;
block.item = /^( *)(bull) [^\n]*(?:\n(?!\1bull )[^\n]*)*/;
block.item = replace(block.item, 'gm')
  (/bull/g, block.bullet)
  ();

block.list = replace(block.list)
  (/bull/g, block.bullet)
  ('hr', /\n+(?=(?: *[-*_]){3,} *(?:\n+|$))/)
  ();

block._tag = '(?!(?:'
  + 'a|em|strong|small|s|cite|q|dfn|abbr|data|time|code'
  + '|var|samp|kbd|sub|sup|i|b|u|mark|ruby|rt|rp|bdi|bdo'
  + '|span|br|wbr|ins|del|img)\\b)\\w+(?!:/|@)\\b';

block.html = replace(block.html)
  ('comment', /<!--[\s\S]*?-->/)
  ('closed', /<(tag)[\s\S]+?<\/\1>/)
  ('closing', /<tag(?:"[^"]*"|'[^']*'|[^'">])*?>/)
  (/tag/g, block._tag)
  ();

block.paragraph = replace(block.paragraph)
  ('hr', block.hr)
  ('heading', block.heading)
  ('lheading', block.lheading)
  ('blockquote', block.blockquote)
  ('tag', '<' + block._tag)
  ('def', block.def)
  ();

/**
 * Normal Block Grammar
 */

block.normal = merge({}, block);

/**
 * GFM Block Grammar
 */

block.gfm = merge({}, block.normal, {
  fences: /^ *(`{3,}|~{3,}) *(\S+)? *\n([\s\S]+?)\s*\1 *(?:\n+|$)/,
  paragraph: /^/
});

block.gfm.paragraph = replace(block.paragraph)
  ('(?!', '(?!' + block.gfm.fences.source.replace('\\1', '\\2') + '|')
  ();

/**
 * GFM + Tables Block Grammar
 */

block.tables = merge({}, block.gfm, {
  nptable: /^ *(\S.*\|.*)\n *([-:]+ *\|[-| :]*)\n((?:.*\|.*(?:\n|$))*)\n*/,
  table: /^ *\|(.+)\n *\|( *[-:]+[-| :]*)\n((?: *\|.*(?:\n|$))*)\n*/
});

/**
 * Block Lexer
 */

function Lexer(options) {
  this.tokens = [];
  this.tokens.links = {};
  this.options = options || marked.defaults;
  this.rules = block.normal;

  if (this.options.gfm) {
    if (this.options.tables) {
      this.rules = block.tables;
    } else {
      this.rules = block.gfm;
    }
  }
}

/**
 * Expose Block Rules
 */

Lexer.rules = block;

/**
 * Static Lex Method
 */

Lexer.lex = function(src, options) {
  var lexer = new Lexer(options);
  return lexer.lex(src);
};

/**
 * Preprocessing
 */

Lexer.prototype.lex = function(src) {
  src = src
    .replace(/\r\n|\r/g, '\n')
    .replace(/\t/g, '    ')
    .replace(/\u00a0/g, ' ')
    .replace(/\u2424/g, '\n');

  return this.token(src, true);
};

/**
 * Lexing
 */

Lexer.prototype.token = function(src, top) {
  var src = src.replace(/^ +$/gm, '')
    , next
    , loose
    , cap
    , bull
    , b
    , item
    , space
    , i
    , l;

  while (src) {
    // newline
    if (cap = this.rules.newline.exec(src)) {
      src = src.substring(cap[0].length);
      if (cap[0].length > 1) {
        this.tokens.push({
          type: 'space'
        });
      }
    }

    // code
    if (cap = this.rules.code.exec(src)) {
      src = src.substring(cap[0].length);
      cap = cap[0].replace(/^ {4}/gm, '');
      this.tokens.push({
        type: 'code',
        text: !this.options.pedantic
          ? cap.replace(/\n+$/, '')
          : cap
      });
      continue;
    }

    // fences (gfm)
    if (cap = this.rules.fences.exec(src)) {
      src = src.substring(cap[0].length);
      this.tokens.push({
        type: 'code',
        lang: cap[2],
        text: cap[3]
      });
      continue;
    }

    // heading
    if (cap = this.rules.heading.exec(src)) {
      src = src.substring(cap[0].length);
      this.tokens.push({
        type: 'heading',
        depth: cap[1].length,
        text: cap[2]
      });
      continue;
    }

    // table no leading pipe (gfm)
    if (top && (cap = this.rules.nptable.exec(src))) {
      src = src.substring(cap[0].length);

      item = {
        type: 'table',
        header: cap[1].replace(/^ *| *\| *$/g, '').split(/ *\| */),
        align: cap[2].replace(/^ *|\| *$/g, '').split(/ *\| */),
        cells: cap[3].replace(/\n$/, '').split('\n')
      };

      for (i = 0; i < item.align.length; i++) {
        if (/^ *-+: *$/.test(item.align[i])) {
          item.align[i] = 'right';
        } else if (/^ *:-+: *$/.test(item.align[i])) {
          item.align[i] = 'center';
        } else if (/^ *:-+ *$/.test(item.align[i])) {
          item.align[i] = 'left';
        } else {
          item.align[i] = null;
        }
      }

      for (i = 0; i < item.cells.length; i++) {
        item.cells[i] = item.cells[i].split(/ *\| */);
      }

      this.tokens.push(item);

      continue;
    }

    // lheading
    if (cap = this.rules.lheading.exec(src)) {
      src = src.substring(cap[0].length);
      this.tokens.push({
        type: 'heading',
        depth: cap[2] === '=' ? 1 : 2,
        text: cap[1]
      });
      continue;
    }

    // hr
    if (cap = this.rules.hr.exec(src)) {
      src = src.substring(cap[0].length);
      this.tokens.push({
        type: 'hr'
      });
      continue;
    }

    // blockquote
    if (cap = this.rules.blockquote.exec(src)) {
      src = src.substring(cap[0].length);

      this.tokens.push({
        type: 'blockquote_start'
      });

      cap = cap[0].replace(/^ *> ?/gm, '');

      // Pass `top` to keep the current
      // "toplevel" state. This is exactly
      // how markdown.pl works.
      this.token(cap, top);

      this.tokens.push({
        type: 'blockquote_end'
      });

      continue;
    }

    // list
    if (cap = this.rules.list.exec(src)) {
      src = src.substring(cap[0].length);
      bull = cap[2];

      this.tokens.push({
        type: 'list_start',
        ordered: bull.length > 1
      });

      // Get each top-level item.
      cap = cap[0].match(this.rules.item);

      next = false;
      l = cap.length;
      i = 0;

      for (; i < l; i++) {
        item = cap[i];

        // Remove the list item's bullet
        // so it is seen as the next token.
        space = item.length;
        item = item.replace(/^ *([*+-]|\d+\.) +/, '');

        // Outdent whatever the
        // list item contains. Hacky.
        if (~item.indexOf('\n ')) {
          space -= item.length;
          item = !this.options.pedantic
            ? item.replace(new RegExp('^ {1,' + space + '}', 'gm'), '')
            : item.replace(/^ {1,4}/gm, '');
        }

        // Determine whether the next list item belongs here.
        // Backpedal if it does not belong in this list.
        if (this.options.smartLists && i !== l - 1) {
          b = block.bullet.exec(cap[i+1])[0];
          if (bull !== b && !(bull.length > 1 && b.length > 1)) {
            src = cap.slice(i + 1).join('\n') + src;
            i = l - 1;
          }
        }

        // Determine whether item is loose or not.
        // Use: /(^|\n)(?! )[^\n]+\n\n(?!\s*$)/
        // for discount behavior.
        loose = next || /\n\n(?!\s*$)/.test(item);
        if (i !== l - 1) {
          next = item[item.length-1] === '\n';
          if (!loose) loose = next;
        }

        this.tokens.push({
          type: loose
            ? 'loose_item_start'
            : 'list_item_start'
        });

        // Recurse.
        this.token(item, false);

        this.tokens.push({
          type: 'list_item_end'
        });
      }

      this.tokens.push({
        type: 'list_end'
      });

      continue;
    }

    // html
    if (cap = this.rules.html.exec(src)) {
      src = src.substring(cap[0].length);
      this.tokens.push({
        type: this.options.sanitize
          ? 'paragraph'
          : 'html',
        pre: cap[1] === 'pre' || cap[1] === 'script',
        text: cap[0]
      });
      continue;
    }

    // def
    if (top && (cap = this.rules.def.exec(src))) {
      src = src.substring(cap[0].length);
      this.tokens.links[cap[1].toLowerCase()] = {
        href: cap[2],
        title: cap[3]
      };
      continue;
    }

    // table (gfm)
    if (top && (cap = this.rules.table.exec(src))) {
      src = src.substring(cap[0].length);

      item = {
        type: 'table',
        header: cap[1].replace(/^ *| *\| *$/g, '').split(/ *\| */),
        align: cap[2].replace(/^ *|\| *$/g, '').split(/ *\| */),
        cells: cap[3].replace(/(?: *\| *)?\n$/, '').split('\n')
      };

      for (i = 0; i < item.align.length; i++) {
        if (/^ *-+: *$/.test(item.align[i])) {
          item.align[i] = 'right';
        } else if (/^ *:-+: *$/.test(item.align[i])) {
          item.align[i] = 'center';
        } else if (/^ *:-+ *$/.test(item.align[i])) {
          item.align[i] = 'left';
        } else {
          item.align[i] = null;
        }
      }

      for (i = 0; i < item.cells.length; i++) {
        item.cells[i] = item.cells[i]
          .replace(/^ *\| *| *\| *$/g, '')
          .split(/ *\| */);
      }

      this.tokens.push(item);

      continue;
    }

    // top-level paragraph
    if (top && (cap = this.rules.paragraph.exec(src))) {
      src = src.substring(cap[0].length);
      this.tokens.push({
        type: 'paragraph',
        text: cap[1][cap[1].length-1] === '\n'
          ? cap[1].slice(0, -1)
          : cap[1]
      });
      continue;
    }

    // text
    if (cap = this.rules.text.exec(src)) {
      // Top-level should never reach here.
      src = src.substring(cap[0].length);
      this.tokens.push({
        type: 'text',
        text: cap[0]
      });
      continue;
    }

    if (src) {
      throw new
        Error('Infinite loop on byte: ' + src.charCodeAt(0));
    }
  }

  return this.tokens;
};

/**
 * Inline-Level Grammar
 */

var inline = {
  escape: /^\\([\\`*{}\[\]()#+\-.!_>])/,
  autolink: /^<([^ >]+(@|:\/)[^ >]+)>/,
  url: noop,
  tag: /^<!--[\s\S]*?-->|^<\/?\w+(?:"[^"]*"|'[^']*'|[^'">])*?>/,
  link: /^!?\[(inside)\]\(href\)/,
  reflink: /^!?\[(inside)\]\s*\[([^\]]*)\]/,
  nolink: /^!?\[((?:\[[^\]]*\]|[^\[\]])*)\]/,
  strong: /^__([\s\S]+?)__(?!_)|^\*\*([\s\S]+?)\*\*(?!\*)/,
  em: /^\b_((?:__|[\s\S])+?)_\b|^\*((?:\*\*|[\s\S])+?)\*(?!\*)/,
  code: /^(`+)\s*([\s\S]*?[^`])\s*\1(?!`)/,
  br: /^ {2,}\n(?!\s*$)/,
  del: noop,
  text: /^[\s\S]+?(?=[\\<!\[_*`]| {2,}\n|$)/
};

inline._inside = /(?:\[[^\]]*\]|[^\]]|\](?=[^\[]*\]))*/;
inline._href = /\s*<?([^\s]*?)>?(?:\s+['"]([\s\S]*?)['"])?\s*/;

inline.link = replace(inline.link)
  ('inside', inline._inside)
  ('href', inline._href)
  ();

inline.reflink = replace(inline.reflink)
  ('inside', inline._inside)
  ();

/**
 * Normal Inline Grammar
 */

inline.normal = merge({}, inline);

/**
 * Pedantic Inline Grammar
 */

inline.pedantic = merge({}, inline.normal, {
  strong: /^__(?=\S)([\s\S]*?\S)__(?!_)|^\*\*(?=\S)([\s\S]*?\S)\*\*(?!\*)/,
  em: /^_(?=\S)([\s\S]*?\S)_(?!_)|^\*(?=\S)([\s\S]*?\S)\*(?!\*)/
});

/**
 * GFM Inline Grammar
 */

inline.gfm = merge({}, inline.normal, {
  escape: replace(inline.escape)('])', '~|])')(),
  url: /^(https?:\/\/[^\s<]+[^<.,:;"')\]\s])/,
  del: /^~~(?=\S)([\s\S]*?\S)~~/,
  text: replace(inline.text)
    (']|', '~]|')
    ('|', '|https?://|')
    ()
});

/**
 * GFM + Line Breaks Inline Grammar
 */

inline.breaks = merge({}, inline.gfm, {
  br: replace(inline.br)('{2,}', '*')(),
  text: replace(inline.gfm.text)('{2,}', '*')()
});

/**
 * Inline Lexer & Compiler
 */

function InlineLexer(links, options) {
  this.options = options || marked.defaults;
  this.links = links;
  this.rules = inline.normal;

  if (!this.links) {
    throw new
      Error('Tokens array requires a `links` property.');
  }

  if (this.options.gfm) {
    if (this.options.breaks) {
      this.rules = inline.breaks;
    } else {
      this.rules = inline.gfm;
    }
  } else if (this.options.pedantic) {
    this.rules = inline.pedantic;
  }
}

/**
 * Expose Inline Rules
 */

InlineLexer.rules = inline;

/**
 * Static Lexing/Compiling Method
 */

InlineLexer.output = function(src, links, options) {
  var inline = new InlineLexer(links, options);
  return inline.output(src);
};

/**
 * Lexing/Compiling
 */

InlineLexer.prototype.output = function(src) {
  var out = ''
    , link
    , text
    , href
    , cap;

  while (src) {
    // escape
    if (cap = this.rules.escape.exec(src)) {
      src = src.substring(cap[0].length);
      out += cap[1];
      continue;
    }

    // autolink
    if (cap = this.rules.autolink.exec(src)) {
      src = src.substring(cap[0].length);
      if (cap[2] === '@') {
        text = cap[1][6] === ':'
          ? this.mangle(cap[1].substring(7))
          : this.mangle(cap[1]);
        href = this.mangle('mailto:') + text;
      } else {
        text = escape(cap[1]);
        href = text;
      }
      out += '<a href="'
        + href
        + '">'
        + text
        + '</a>';
      continue;
    }

    // url (gfm)
    if (cap = this.rules.url.exec(src)) {
      src = src.substring(cap[0].length);
      text = escape(cap[1]);
      href = text;
      out += '<a href="'
        + href
        + '">'
        + text
        + '</a>';
      continue;
    }

    // tag
    if (cap = this.rules.tag.exec(src)) {
      src = src.substring(cap[0].length);
      out += this.options.sanitize
        ? escape(cap[0])
        : cap[0];
      continue;
    }

    // link
    if (cap = this.rules.link.exec(src)) {
      src = src.substring(cap[0].length);
      out += this.outputLink(cap, {
        href: cap[2],
        title: cap[3]
      });
      continue;
    }

    // reflink, nolink
    if ((cap = this.rules.reflink.exec(src))
        || (cap = this.rules.nolink.exec(src))) {
      src = src.substring(cap[0].length);
      link = (cap[2] || cap[1]).replace(/\s+/g, ' ');
      link = this.links[link.toLowerCase()];
      if (!link || !link.href) {
        out += cap[0][0];
        src = cap[0].substring(1) + src;
        continue;
      }
      out += this.outputLink(cap, link);
      continue;
    }

    // strong
    if (cap = this.rules.strong.exec(src)) {
      src = src.substring(cap[0].length);
      out += '<strong>'
        + this.output(cap[2] || cap[1])
        + '</strong>';
      continue;
    }

    // em
    if (cap = this.rules.em.exec(src)) {
      src = src.substring(cap[0].length);
      out += '<em>'
        + this.output(cap[2] || cap[1])
        + '</em>';
      continue;
    }

    // code
    if (cap = this.rules.code.exec(src)) {
      src = src.substring(cap[0].length);
      out += '<code>'
        + escape(cap[2], true)
        + '</code>';
      continue;
    }

    // br
    if (cap = this.rules.br.exec(src)) {
      src = src.substring(cap[0].length);
      out += '<br>';
      continue;
    }

    // del (gfm)
    if (cap = this.rules.del.exec(src)) {
      src = src.substring(cap[0].length);
      out += '<del>'
        + this.output(cap[1])
        + '</del>';
      continue;
    }

    // text
    if (cap = this.rules.text.exec(src)) {
      src = src.substring(cap[0].length);
      out += escape(cap[0]);
      continue;
    }

    if (src) {
      throw new
        Error('Infinite loop on byte: ' + src.charCodeAt(0));
    }
  }

  return out;
};

/**
 * Compile Link
 */

InlineLexer.prototype.outputLink = function(cap, link) {
  if (cap[0][0] !== '!') {
    return '<a href="'
      + escape(link.href)
      + '"'
      + (link.title
      ? ' title="'
      + escape(link.title)
      + '"'
      : '')
      + '>'
      + this.output(cap[1])
      + '</a>';
  } else {
    return '<img src="'
      + escape(link.href)
      + '" alt="'
      + escape(cap[1])
      + '"'
      + (link.title
      ? ' title="'
      + escape(link.title)
      + '"'
      : '')
      + '>';
  }
};

/**
 * Smartypants Transformations
 */

InlineLexer.prototype.smartypants = function(text) {
  if (!this.options.smartypants) return text;
  return text
    .replace(/--/g, '—')
    .replace(/'([^']*)'/g, '‘$1’')
    .replace(/"([^"]*)"/g, '“$1”')
    .replace(/\.{3}/g, '…');
};

/**
 * Mangle Links
 */

InlineLexer.prototype.mangle = function(text) {
  var out = ''
    , l = text.length
    , i = 0
    , ch;

  for (; i < l; i++) {
    ch = text.charCodeAt(i);
    if (Math.random() > 0.5) {
      ch = 'x' + ch.toString(16);
    }
    out += '&#' + ch + ';';
  }

  return out;
};

/**
 * Parsing & Compiling
 */

function Parser(options) {
  this.tokens = [];
  this.token = null;
  this.options = options || marked.defaults;
}

/**
 * Static Parse Method
 */

Parser.parse = function(src, options) {
  var parser = new Parser(options);
  return parser.parse(src);
};

/**
 * Parse Loop
 */

Parser.prototype.parse = function(src) {
  this.inline = new InlineLexer(src.links, this.options);
  this.tokens = src.reverse();

  var out = '';
  while (this.next()) {
    out += this.tok();
  }

  return out;
};

/**
 * Next Token
 */

Parser.prototype.next = function() {
  return this.token = this.tokens.pop();
};

/**
 * Preview Next Token
 */

Parser.prototype.peek = function() {
  return this.tokens[this.tokens.length-1] || 0;
};

/**
 * Parse Text Tokens
 */

Parser.prototype.parseText = function() {
  var body = this.token.text;

  while (this.peek().type === 'text') {
    body += '\n' + this.next().text;
  }

  return this.inline.output(body);
};

/**
 * Parse Current Token
 */

Parser.prototype.tok = function() {
  switch (this.token.type) {
    case 'space': {
      return '';
    }
    case 'hr': {
      return '<hr>\n';
    }
    case 'heading': {
      return '<h'
        + this.token.depth
        + '>'
        + this.inline.output(this.token.text)
        + '</h'
        + this.token.depth
        + '>\n';
    }
    case 'code': {
      if (this.options.highlight) {
        var code = this.options.highlight(this.token.text, this.token.lang);
        if (code != null && code !== this.token.text) {
          this.token.escaped = true;
          this.token.text = code;
        }
      }

      if (!this.token.escaped) {
        this.token.text = escape(this.token.text, true);
      }

      return '<pre><code'
        + (this.token.lang
        ? ' class="'
        + this.options.langPrefix
        + this.token.lang
        + '"'
        : '')
        + '>'
        + this.token.text
        + '</code></pre>\n';
    }
    case 'table': {
      var body = ''
        , heading
        , i
        , row
        , cell
        , j;

      // header
      body += '<thead>\n<tr>\n';
      for (i = 0; i < this.token.header.length; i++) {
        heading = this.inline.output(this.token.header[i]);
        body += this.token.align[i]
          ? '<th align="' + this.token.align[i] + '">' + heading + '</th>\n'
          : '<th>' + heading + '</th>\n';
      }
      body += '</tr>\n</thead>\n';

      // body
      body += '<tbody>\n'
      for (i = 0; i < this.token.cells.length; i++) {
        row = this.token.cells[i];
        body += '<tr>\n';
        for (j = 0; j < row.length; j++) {
          cell = this.inline.output(row[j]);
          body += this.token.align[j]
            ? '<td align="' + this.token.align[j] + '">' + cell + '</td>\n'
            : '<td>' + cell + '</td>\n';
        }
        body += '</tr>\n';
      }
      body += '</tbody>\n';

      return '<table>\n'
        + body
        + '</table>\n';
    }
    case 'blockquote_start': {
      var body = '';

      while (this.next().type !== 'blockquote_end') {
        body += this.tok();
      }

      return '<blockquote>\n'
        + body
        + '</blockquote>\n';
    }
    case 'list_start': {
      var type = this.token.ordered ? 'ol' : 'ul'
        , body = '';

      while (this.next().type !== 'list_end') {
        body += this.tok();
      }

      return '<'
        + type
        + '>\n'
        + body
        + '</'
        + type
        + '>\n';
    }
    case 'list_item_start': {
      var body = '';

      while (this.next().type !== 'list_item_end') {
        body += this.token.type === 'text'
          ? this.parseText()
          : this.tok();
      }

      return '<li>'
        + body
        + '</li>\n';
    }
    case 'loose_item_start': {
      var body = '';

      while (this.next().type !== 'list_item_end') {
        body += this.tok();
      }

      return '<li>'
        + body
        + '</li>\n';
    }
    case 'html': {
      return !this.token.pre && !this.options.pedantic
        ? this.inline.output(this.token.text)
        : this.token.text;
    }
    case 'paragraph': {
      return '<p>'
        + this.inline.output(this.token.text)
        + '</p>\n';
    }
    case 'text': {
      return '<p>'
        + this.parseText()
        + '</p>\n';
    }
  }
};

/**
 * Helpers
 */

function escape(html, encode) {
  return html
    .replace(!encode ? /&(?!#?\w+;)/g : /&/g, '&amp;')
    .replace(/</g, '&lt;')
    .replace(/>/g, '&gt;')
    .replace(/"/g, '&quot;')
    .replace(/'/g, '&#39;');
}

function replace(regex, opt) {
  regex = regex.source;
  opt = opt || '';
  return function self(name, val) {
    if (!name) return new RegExp(regex, opt);
    val = val.source || val;
    val = val.replace(/(^|[^\[])\^/g, '$1');
    regex = regex.replace(name, val);
    return self;
  };
}

function noop() {}
noop.exec = noop;

function merge(obj) {
  var i = 1
    , target
    , key;

  for (; i < arguments.length; i++) {
    target = arguments[i];
    for (key in target) {
      if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(target, key)) {
        obj[key] = target[key];
      }
    }
  }

  return obj;
}

/**
 * Marked
 */

function marked(src, opt, callback) {
  if (callback || typeof opt === 'function') {
    if (!callback) {
      callback = opt;
      opt = null;
    }

    if (opt) opt = merge({}, marked.defaults, opt);

    var tokens = Lexer.lex(tokens, opt)
      , highlight = opt.highlight
      , pending = 0
      , l = tokens.length
      , i = 0;

    if (!highlight || highlight.length < 3) {
      return callback(null, Parser.parse(tokens, opt));
    }

    var done = function() {
      delete opt.highlight;
      var out = Parser.parse(tokens, opt);
      opt.highlight = highlight;
      return callback(null, out);
    };

    for (; i < l; i++) {
      (function(token) {
        if (token.type !== 'code') return;
        pending++;
        return highlight(token.text, token.lang, function(err, code) {
          if (code == null || code === token.text) {
            return --pending || done();
          }
          token.text = code;
          token.escaped = true;
          --pending || done();
        });
      })(tokens[i]);
    }

    return;
  }
  try {
    if (opt) opt = merge({}, marked.defaults, opt);
    return Parser.parse(Lexer.lex(src, opt), opt);
  } catch (e) {
    e.message += '\nPlease report this to https://github.com/chjj/marked.';
    if ((opt || marked.defaults).silent) {
      return '<p>An error occured:</p><pre>'
        + escape(e.message + '', true)
        + '</pre>';
    }
    throw e;
  }
}

/**
 * Options
 */

marked.options =
marked.setOptions = function(opt) {
  merge(marked.defaults, opt);
  return marked;
};

marked.defaults = {
  gfm: true,
  tables: true,
  breaks: false,
  pedantic: false,
  sanitize: false,
  smartLists: false,
  silent: false,
  highlight: null,
  langPrefix: 'lang-'
};

/**
 * Expose
 */

marked.Parser = Parser;
marked.parser = Parser.parse;

marked.Lexer = Lexer;
marked.lexer = Lexer.lex;

marked.InlineLexer = InlineLexer;
marked.inlineLexer = InlineLexer.output;

marked.parse = marked;

if (typeof exports === 'object') {
  module.exports = marked;
} else if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) {
  define(function() { return marked; });
} else {
  this.marked = marked;
}

}).call(function() {
  return this || (typeof window !== 'undefined' ? window : global);
}());
(function () {
'use strict';
window.iD = function () {
    window.locale.en = iD.data.en;
    window.locale.current('en');

    var dispatch = d3.dispatch('enter', 'exit', 'change'),
        context = {};

    // https://github.com/openstreetmap/iD/issues/772
    // http://mathiasbynens.be/notes/localstorage-pattern#comment-9
    var storage;
    try { storage = localStorage; } catch (e) {}  // eslint-disable-line no-empty
    storage = storage || (function() {
        var s = {};
        return {
            getItem: function(k) { return s[k]; },
            setItem: function(k, v) { s[k] = v; },
            removeItem: function(k) { delete s[k]; }
        };
    })();

    context.storage = function(k, v) {
        try {
            if (arguments.length === 1) return storage.getItem(k);
            else if (v === null) storage.removeItem(k);
            else storage.setItem(k, v);
        } catch(e) {
            // localstorage quota exceeded
            /* eslint-disable no-console */
            if (typeof console !== 'undefined') console.error('localStorage quota exceeded');
            /* eslint-enable no-console */
        }
    };


    /* Straight accessors. Avoid using these if you can. */
    var ui, connection, history;
    context.ui = function() { return ui; };
    context.connection = function() { return connection; };
    context.history = function() { return history; };


    /* Connection */
    function entitiesLoaded(err, result) {
        if (!err) history.merge(result.data, result.extent);
    }

    context.preauth = function(options) {
        connection.switch(options);
        return context;
    };

    context.loadTiles = function(projection, dimensions, callback) {
        function done(err, result) {
            entitiesLoaded(err, result);
            if (callback) callback(err, result);
        }
        connection.loadTiles(projection, dimensions, done);
    };

    context.loadEntity = function(id, callback) {
        function done(err, result) {
            entitiesLoaded(err, result);
            if (callback) callback(err, result);
        }
        connection.loadEntity(id, done);
    };

    context.zoomToEntity = function(id, zoomTo) {
        if (zoomTo !== false) {
            this.loadEntity(id, function(err, result) {
                if (err) return;
                var entity = _.find(result.data, function(e) { return e.id === id; });
                if (entity) { map.zoomTo(entity); }
            });
        }

        map.on('drawn.zoomToEntity', function() {
            if (!context.hasEntity(id)) return;
            map.on('drawn.zoomToEntity', null);
            context.on('enter.zoomToEntity', null);
            context.enter(iD.modes.Select(context, [id]));
        });

        context.on('enter.zoomToEntity', function() {
            if (mode.id !== 'browse') {
                map.on('drawn.zoomToEntity', null);
                context.on('enter.zoomToEntity', null);
            }
        });
    };

    var minEditableZoom = 16;
    context.minEditableZoom = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return minEditableZoom;
        minEditableZoom = _;
        connection.tileZoom(_);
        return context;
    };


    /* History */
    var inIntro = false;
    context.inIntro = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return inIntro;
        inIntro = _;
        return context;
    };

    context.save = function() {
        if (inIntro || (mode && mode.id === 'save') || d3.select('.modal').size()) return;
        history.save();
        if (history.hasChanges()) return t('save.unsaved_changes');
    };

    context.flush = function() {
        context.debouncedSave.cancel();
        connection.flush();
        features.reset();
        history.reset();
        _.each(iD.services, function(service) {
            var reset = service().reset;
            if (reset) reset(context);
        });
        return context;
    };


    /* Graph */
    context.hasEntity = function(id) {
        return history.graph().hasEntity(id);
    };
    context.entity = function(id) {
        return history.graph().entity(id);
    };
    context.childNodes = function(way) {
        return history.graph().childNodes(way);
    };
    context.geometry = function(id) {
        return context.entity(id).geometry(history.graph());
    };


    /* Modes */
    var mode;
    context.mode = function() {
        return mode;
    };
    context.enter = function(newMode) {
        if (mode) {
            mode.exit();
            dispatch.exit(mode);
        }

        mode = newMode;
        mode.enter();
        dispatch.enter(mode);
    };

    context.selectedIDs = function() {
        if (mode && mode.selectedIDs) {
            return mode.selectedIDs();
        } else {
            return [];
        }
    };


    /* Behaviors */
    context.install = function(behavior) {
        context.surface().call(behavior);
    };
    context.uninstall = function(behavior) {
        context.surface().call(behavior.off);
    };


    /* Copy/Paste */
    var copyIDs = [], copyGraph;
    context.copyGraph = function() { return copyGraph; };
    context.copyIDs = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return copyIDs;
        copyIDs = _;
        copyGraph = history.graph();
        return context;
    };


    /* Background */
    var background;
    context.background = function() { return background; };


    /* Features */
    var features;
    context.features = function() { return features; };
    context.hasHiddenConnections = function(id) {
        var graph = history.graph(),
            entity = graph.entity(id);
        return features.hasHiddenConnections(entity, graph);
    };


    /* Map */
    var map;
    context.map = function() { return map; };
    context.layers = function() { return map.layers; };
    context.surface = function() { return map.surface; };
    context.editable = function() { return map.editable(); };

    context.surfaceRect = function() {
        // Work around a bug in Firefox.
        //   http://stackoverflow.com/questions/18153989/
        //   https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=530985
        return context.surface().node().parentNode.getBoundingClientRect();
    };


    /* Debug */
    var debugTile = false, debugCollision = false;
    context.debugTile = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return debugTile;
        debugTile = _;
        dispatch.change();
        return context;
    };
    context.debugCollision = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return debugCollision;
        debugCollision = _;
        dispatch.change();
        return context;
    };


    /* Presets */
    var presets;
    context.presets = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return presets;
        presets.load(_);
        iD.areaKeys = presets.areaKeys();
        return context;
    };


    /* Imagery */
    context.imagery = function(_) {
        background.load(_);
        return context;
    };


    /* Container */
    var container, embed;
    context.container = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return container;
        container = _;
        container.classed('id-container', true);
        return context;
    };
    context.embed = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return embed;
        embed = _;
        return context;
    };


    /* Taginfo */
    var taginfo;
    context.taginfo = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return taginfo;
        taginfo = _;
        return context;
    };


    /* Assets */
    var assetPath = '';
    context.assetPath = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return assetPath;
        assetPath = _;
        return context;
    };

    var assetMap = {};
    context.assetMap = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return assetMap;
        assetMap = _;
        return context;
    };

    context.asset = function(_) {
        var filename = assetPath + _;
        return assetMap[filename] || filename;
    };

    context.imagePath = function(_) {
        return context.asset('img/' + _);
    };

    var locale, localePath;
    context.locale = function(loc, path) {
        locale = loc;
        localePath = path;

        // Also set iD.detect().locale (unless we detected 'en-us' and openstreetmap wants 'en')..
        if (!(loc.toLowerCase() === 'en' && iD.detect().locale.toLowerCase() === 'en-us')) {
            iD.detect().locale = loc;
        }

        return context;
    };

    context.loadLocale = function(cb) {
        if (locale && locale !== 'en' && iD.data.locales.indexOf(locale) !== -1) {
            localePath = localePath || context.asset('locales/' + locale + '.json');
            d3.json(localePath, function(err, result) {
                window.locale[locale] = result;
                window.locale.current(locale);
                cb();
            });
        } else {
            cb();
        }
    };


    /* Init */

    context.projection = iD.geo.RawMercator();

    locale = iD.detect().locale;
    if (locale && iD.data.locales.indexOf(locale) === -1) {
        locale = locale.split('-')[0];
    }

    history = iD.History(context);
    context.graph = history.graph;
    context.changes = history.changes;
    context.intersects = history.intersects;

    // Debounce save, since it's a synchronous localStorage write,
    // and history changes can happen frequently (e.g. when dragging).
    context.debouncedSave = _.debounce(context.save, 350);
    function withDebouncedSave(fn) {
        return function() {
            var result = fn.apply(history, arguments);
            context.debouncedSave();
            return result;
        };
    }

    context.perform = withDebouncedSave(history.perform);
    context.replace = withDebouncedSave(history.replace);
    context.pop = withDebouncedSave(history.pop);
    context.overwrite = withDebouncedSave(history.overwrite);
    context.undo = withDebouncedSave(history.undo);
    context.redo = withDebouncedSave(history.redo);

    ui = iD.ui(context);

    connection = iD.Connection();

    background = iD.Background(context);

    features = iD.Features(context);

    map = iD.Map(context);
    context.mouse = map.mouse;
    context.extent = map.extent;
    context.pan = map.pan;
    context.zoomIn = map.zoomIn;
    context.zoomOut = map.zoomOut;
    context.zoomInFurther = map.zoomInFurther;
    context.zoomOutFurther = map.zoomOutFurther;
    context.redrawEnable = map.redrawEnable;

    presets = iD.presets();

    return d3.rebind(context, dispatch, 'on');
};


iD.version = '1.9.6';

(function() {
    var detected = {};

    var ua = navigator.userAgent,
        m = null;

    m = ua.match(/(edge)\/?\s*(\.?\d+(\.\d+)*)/i);   // Edge
    if (m !== null) {
        detected.browser = m[1];
        detected.version = m[2];
    }
    if (!detected.browser) {
        m = ua.match(/Trident\/.*rv:([0-9]{1,}[\.0-9]{0,})/i);   // IE11
        if (m !== null) {
            detected.browser = 'msie';
            detected.version = m[1];
        }
    }
    if (!detected.browser) {
        m = ua.match(/(opr)\/?\s*(\.?\d+(\.\d+)*)/i);   // Opera 15+
        if (m !== null) {
            detected.browser = 'Opera';
            detected.version = m[2];
        }
    }
    if (!detected.browser) {
        m = ua.match(/(opera|chrome|safari|firefox|msie)\/?\s*(\.?\d+(\.\d+)*)/i);
        if (m !== null) {
            detected.browser = m[1];
            detected.version = m[2];
            m = ua.match(/version\/([\.\d]+)/i);
            if (m !== null) detected.version = m[1];
        }
    }
    if (!detected.browser) {
        detected.browser = navigator.appName;
        detected.version = navigator.appVersion;
    }

    // keep major.minor version only..
    detected.version = detected.version.split(/\W/).slice(0,2).join('.');

    if (detected.browser.toLowerCase() === 'msie') {
        detected.ie = true;
        detected.browser = 'Internet Explorer';
        detected.support = parseFloat(detected.version) >= 11;
    } else {
        detected.ie = false;
        detected.support = true;
    }

    // Added due to incomplete svg style support. See #715
    detected.opera = (detected.browser.toLowerCase() === 'opera' && parseFloat(detected.version) < 15 );

    detected.locale = (navigator.languages && navigator.languages.length)
        ? navigator.languages[0] : (navigator.language || navigator.userLanguage || 'en-US');

    detected.filedrop = (window.FileReader && 'ondrop' in window);

    function nav(x) {
        return navigator.userAgent.indexOf(x) !== -1;
    }

    if (nav('Win')) {
        detected.os = 'win';
        detected.platform = 'Windows';
    }
    else if (nav('Mac')) {
        detected.os = 'mac';
        detected.platform = 'Macintosh';
    }
    else if (nav('X11') || nav('Linux')) {
        detected.os = 'linux';
        detected.platform = 'Linux';
    }
    else {
        detected.os = 'win';
        detected.platform = 'Unknown';
    }

    iD.detect = function() { return detected; };
})();
iD.services = {};
iD.services.mapillary = function() {
    var mapillary = {},
        dispatch = d3.dispatch('loadedImages', 'loadedSigns'),
        apibase = 'https://a.mapillary.com/v2/',
        viewercss = 'https://npmcdn.com/mapillary-js@1.3.0/dist/mapillary-js.min.css',
        viewerjs = 'https://npmcdn.com/mapillary-js@1.3.0/dist/mapillary-js.min.js',
        clientId = 'NzNRM2otQkR2SHJzaXJmNmdQWVQ0dzo1ZWYyMmYwNjdmNDdlNmVi',
        maxResults = 1000,
        maxPages = 10,
        tileZoom = 14;


    function loadSignStyles(context) {
        d3.select('head').selectAll('#traffico')
            .data([0])
            .enter()
            .append('link')
            .attr('id', 'traffico')
            .attr('rel', 'stylesheet')
            .attr('href', context.asset('traffico/stylesheets/traffico.css'));
    }

    function loadSignDefs(context) {
        if (iD.services.mapillary.sign_defs) return;
        iD.services.mapillary.sign_defs = {};

        _.each(['au', 'br', 'ca', 'de', 'us'], function(region) {
            d3.json(context.asset('traffico/string-maps/' + region + '-map.json'), function(err, data) {
                if (err) return;
                if (region === 'de') region = 'eu';
                iD.services.mapillary.sign_defs[region] = data;
            });
        });
    }

    function loadViewer() {
        // mapillary-wrap
        var wrap = d3.select('#content').selectAll('.mapillary-wrap')
            .data([0]);

        var enter = wrap.enter().append('div')
            .attr('class', 'mapillary-wrap')
            .classed('al', true)       // 'al'=left,  'ar'=right
            .classed('hidden', true);

        enter.append('button')
            .attr('class', 'thumb-hide')
            .on('click', function () { mapillary.hideViewer(); })
            .append('div')
            .call(iD.svg.Icon('#icon-close'));

        enter.append('div')
            .attr('id', 'mly')
            .attr('class', 'mly-wrapper')
            .classed('active', false);

        // mapillary-viewercss
        d3.select('head').selectAll('#mapillary-viewercss')
            .data([0])
            .enter()
            .append('link')
            .attr('id', 'mapillary-viewercss')
            .attr('rel', 'stylesheet')
            .attr('href', viewercss);

        // mapillary-viewerjs
        d3.select('head').selectAll('#mapillary-viewerjs')
            .data([0])
            .enter()
            .append('script')
            .attr('id', 'mapillary-viewerjs')
            .attr('src', viewerjs);
    }

    function initViewer(imageKey, context) {

        function nodeChanged(d) {
            var clicks = iD.services.mapillary.clicks;
            var index = clicks.indexOf(d.key);
            if (index > -1) {    // nodechange initiated from clicking on a marker..
                clicks.splice(index, 1);
            } else {             // nodechange initiated from the Mapillary viewer controls..
                var loc = d.apiNavImIm ? [d.apiNavImIm.lon, d.apiNavImIm.lat] : [d.latLon.lon, d.latLon.lat];
                context.map().centerEase(loc);
                mapillary.setSelectedImage(d.key, false);
            }
        }

        if (Mapillary && imageKey) {
            var opts = {
                baseImageSize: 320,
                cover: false,
                cache: true,
                debug: false,
                imagePlane: true,
                loading: true,
                sequence: true
            };

            var viewer = new Mapillary.Viewer('mly', clientId, imageKey, opts);
            viewer.on('nodechanged', nodeChanged);
            viewer.on('loadingchanged', mapillary.setViewerLoading);
            iD.services.mapillary.viewer = viewer;
        }
    }

    function abortRequest(i) {
        i.abort();
    }

    function nearNullIsland(x, y, z) {
        if (z >= 7) {
            var center = Math.pow(2, z - 1),
                width = Math.pow(2, z - 6),
                min = center - (width / 2),
                max = center + (width / 2) - 1;
            return x >= min && x <= max && y >= min && y <= max;
        }
        return false;
    }

    function getTiles(projection, dimensions) {
        var s = projection.scale() * 2 * Math.PI,
            z = Math.max(Math.log(s) / Math.log(2) - 8, 0),
            ts = 256 * Math.pow(2, z - tileZoom),
            origin = [
                s / 2 - projection.translate()[0],
                s / 2 - projection.translate()[1]];

        return d3.geo.tile()
            .scaleExtent([tileZoom, tileZoom])
            .scale(s)
            .size(dimensions)
            .translate(projection.translate())()
            .map(function(tile) {
                var x = tile[0] * ts - origin[0],
                    y = tile[1] * ts - origin[1];

                return {
                    id: tile.toString(),
                    extent: iD.geo.Extent(
                        projection.invert([x, y + ts]),
                        projection.invert([x + ts, y]))
                };
            });
    }


    function loadTiles(which, url, projection, dimensions) {
        var tiles = getTiles(projection, dimensions).filter(function(t) {
              var xyz = t.id.split(',');
              return !nearNullIsland(xyz[0], xyz[1], xyz[2]);
            });

        _.filter(which.inflight, function(v, k) {
            var wanted = _.find(tiles, function(tile) { return k === (tile.id + ',0'); });
            if (!wanted) delete which.inflight[k];
            return !wanted;
        }).map(abortRequest);

        tiles.forEach(function(tile) {
            loadTilePage(which, url, tile, 0);
        });
    }

    function loadTilePage(which, url, tile, page) {
        var cache = iD.services.mapillary.cache[which],
            id = tile.id + ',' + String(page),
            rect = tile.extent.rectangle();

        if (cache.loaded[id] || cache.inflight[id]) return;

        cache.inflight[id] = d3.json(url +
            iD.util.qsString({
                geojson: 'true',
                limit: maxResults,
                page: page,
                client_id: clientId,
                min_lon: rect[0],
                min_lat: rect[1],
                max_lon: rect[2],
                max_lat: rect[3]
            }), function(err, data) {
                cache.loaded[id] = true;
                delete cache.inflight[id];
                if (err || !data.features || !data.features.length) return;

                var features = [],
                    nextPage = page + 1,
                    feature, loc, d;

                for (var i = 0; i < data.features.length; i++) {
                    feature = data.features[i];
                    loc = feature.geometry.coordinates;
                    d = { key: feature.properties.key, loc: loc };
                    if (which === 'images') d.ca = feature.properties.ca;
                    if (which === 'signs') d.signs = feature.properties.rects;

                    features.push([loc[0], loc[1], loc[0], loc[1], d]);
                }

                cache.rtree.load(features);

                if (which === 'images') dispatch.loadedImages();
                if (which === 'signs') dispatch.loadedSigns();

                if (data.features.length === maxResults && nextPage < maxPages) {
                    loadTilePage(which, url, tile, nextPage);
                }
            }
        );
    }

    mapillary.loadImages = function(projection, dimensions) {
        var url = apibase + 'search/im/geojson?';
        loadTiles('images', url, projection, dimensions);
    };

    mapillary.loadSigns = function(context, projection, dimensions) {
        var url = apibase + 'search/im/geojson/or?';
        loadSignStyles(context);
        loadSignDefs(context);
        loadTiles('signs', url, projection, dimensions);
    };

    mapillary.loadViewer = function() {
        loadViewer();
    };


    // partition viewport into `psize` x `psize` regions
    function partitionViewport(psize, projection, dimensions) {
        psize = psize || 16;
        var cols = d3.range(0, dimensions[0], psize),
            rows = d3.range(0, dimensions[1], psize),
            partitions = [];

        rows.forEach(function(y) {
            cols.forEach(function(x) {
                var min = [x, y + psize],
                    max = [x + psize, y];
                partitions.push(
                    iD.geo.Extent(projection.invert(min), projection.invert(max)));
            });
        });

        return partitions;
    }

    // no more than `limit` results per partition.
    function searchLimited(psize, limit, projection, dimensions, rtree) {
        limit = limit || 3;

        var partitions = partitionViewport(psize, projection, dimensions);
        return _.flatten(_.compact(_.map(partitions, function(extent) {
            return rtree.search(extent.rectangle())
                .slice(0, limit)
                .map(function(d) { return d[4]; });
        })));
    }

    mapillary.images = function(projection, dimensions) {
        var psize = 16, limit = 3;
        return searchLimited(psize, limit, projection, dimensions, iD.services.mapillary.cache.images.rtree);
    };

    mapillary.signs = function(projection, dimensions) {
        var psize = 32, limit = 3;
        return searchLimited(psize, limit, projection, dimensions, iD.services.mapillary.cache.signs.rtree);
    };

    mapillary.signsSupported = function() {
        var detected = iD.detect();
        return (!(detected.ie || detected.browser.toLowerCase() === 'safari'));
    };

    mapillary.signHTML = function(d) {
        if (!iD.services.mapillary.sign_defs) return;

        var detectionPackage = d.signs[0].package,
            type = d.signs[0].type,
            country = detectionPackage.split('_')[1];

        return iD.services.mapillary.sign_defs[country][type];
    };

    mapillary.showViewer = function() {
        d3.select('#content')
            .selectAll('.mapillary-wrap')
            .classed('hidden', false)
            .selectAll('.mly-wrapper')
            .classed('active', true);

        return mapillary;
    };

    mapillary.hideViewer = function() {
        d3.select('#content')
            .selectAll('.mapillary-wrap')
            .classed('hidden', true)
            .selectAll('.mly-wrapper')
            .classed('active', false);

        d3.selectAll('.layer-mapillary-images .viewfield-group, .layer-mapillary-signs .icon-sign')
            .classed('selected', false);

        iD.services.mapillary.image = null;

        return mapillary;
    };

    mapillary.setViewerLoading = function(loading) {
        var canvas = d3.select('#content')
            .selectAll('.mly-wrapper canvas');

        if (canvas.empty()) return;   // viewer not loaded yet

        var cover = d3.select('#content')
            .selectAll('.mly-wrapper .Cover');

        cover.classed('CoverDone', !loading);

        var button = cover.selectAll('.CoverButton')
            .data(loading ? [0] : []);

        button.enter()
            .append('div')
            .attr('class', 'CoverButton')
            .append('div')
            .attr('class', 'uil-ripple-css')
            .append('div');

        button.exit()
            .remove();

        return mapillary;
    };

    mapillary.updateViewer = function(imageKey, context) {
        if (!iD.services.mapillary) return;
        if (!imageKey) return;

        if (!iD.services.mapillary.viewer) {
            initViewer(imageKey, context);
        } else {
            iD.services.mapillary.viewer.moveToKey(imageKey);
        }

        return mapillary;
    };

    mapillary.getSelectedImage = function() {
        if (!iD.services.mapillary) return null;
        return iD.services.mapillary.image;
    };

    mapillary.setSelectedImage = function(imageKey, fromClick) {
        if (!iD.services.mapillary) return null;

        iD.services.mapillary.image = imageKey;
        if (fromClick) {
            iD.services.mapillary.clicks.push(imageKey);
        }

        d3.selectAll('.layer-mapillary-images .viewfield-group, .layer-mapillary-signs .icon-sign')
            .classed('selected', function(d) { return d.key === imageKey; });

        return mapillary;
    };

    mapillary.reset = function() {
        var cache = iD.services.mapillary.cache;

        if (cache) {
            _.forEach(cache.images.inflight, abortRequest);
            _.forEach(cache.signs.inflight, abortRequest);
        }

        iD.services.mapillary.cache = {
            images: { inflight: {}, loaded: {}, rtree: rbush() },
            signs:  { inflight: {}, loaded: {}, rtree: rbush() }
        };

        iD.services.mapillary.image = null;
        iD.services.mapillary.clicks = [];

        return mapillary;
    };


    if (!iD.services.mapillary.cache) {
        mapillary.reset();
    }

    return d3.rebind(mapillary, dispatch, 'on');
};
iD.services.nominatim  = function() {
    var nominatim = {},
        endpoint = 'https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/reverse?';


    nominatim.countryCode = function(location, callback) {
        var cache = iD.services.nominatim.cache,
            countryCodes = cache.search([location[0], location[1], location[0], location[1]]);

        if (countryCodes.length > 0)
            return callback(null, countryCodes[0][4]);

        d3.json(endpoint +
            iD.util.qsString({
                format: 'json',
                addressdetails: 1,
                lat: location[1],
                lon: location[0]
            }), function(err, result) {
                if (err)
                    return callback(err);
                else if (result && result.error)
                    return callback(result.error);

                var extent = iD.geo.Extent(location).padByMeters(1000);

                cache.insert(extent.rectangle().concat(result.address.country_code));

                callback(null, result.address.country_code);
            });
    };

    nominatim.reset = function() {
        iD.services.nominatim.cache = rbush();
        return nominatim;
    };


    if (!iD.services.nominatim.cache) {
        nominatim.reset();
    }

    return nominatim;
};
iD.services.taginfo = function() {
    var taginfo = {},
        endpoint = 'https://taginfo.openstreetmap.org/api/4/',
        tag_sorts = {
            point: 'count_nodes',
            vertex: 'count_nodes',
            area: 'count_ways',
            line: 'count_ways'
        },
        tag_filters = {
            point: 'nodes',
            vertex: 'nodes',
            area: 'ways',
            line: 'ways'
        };


    function sets(parameters, n, o) {
        if (parameters.geometry && o[parameters.geometry]) {
            parameters[n] = o[parameters.geometry];
        }
        return parameters;
    }

    function setFilter(parameters) {
        return sets(parameters, 'filter', tag_filters);
    }

    function setSort(parameters) {
        return sets(parameters, 'sortname', tag_sorts);
    }

    function clean(parameters) {
        return _.omit(parameters, 'geometry', 'debounce');
    }

    function filterKeys(type) {
        var count_type = type ? 'count_' + type : 'count_all';
        return function(d) {
            return parseFloat(d[count_type]) > 2500 || d.in_wiki;
        };
    }

    function filterMultikeys() {
        return function(d) {
            return (d.key.match(/:/g) || []).length === 1;  // exactly one ':'
        };
    }

    function filterValues() {
        return function(d) {
            if (d.value.match(/[A-Z*;,]/) !== null) return false;  // exclude some punctuation, uppercase letters
            return parseFloat(d.fraction) > 0.0 || d.in_wiki;
        };
    }

    function valKey(d) {
        return {
            value: d.key,
            title: d.key
        };
    }

    function valKeyDescription(d) {
        return {
            value: d.value,
            title: d.description || d.value
        };
    }

    // sort keys with ':' lower than keys without ':'
    function sortKeys(a, b) {
        return (a.key.indexOf(':') === -1 && b.key.indexOf(':') !== -1) ? -1
            : (a.key.indexOf(':') !== -1 && b.key.indexOf(':') === -1) ? 1
            : 0;
    }

    var debounced = _.debounce(d3.json, 100, true);

    function request(url, debounce, callback) {
        var cache = iD.services.taginfo.cache;

        if (cache[url]) {
            callback(null, cache[url]);
        } else if (debounce) {
            debounced(url, done);
        } else {
            d3.json(url, done);
        }

        function done(err, data) {
            if (!err) cache[url] = data;
            callback(err, data);
        }
    }

    taginfo.keys = function(parameters, callback) {
        var debounce = parameters.debounce;
        parameters = clean(setSort(parameters));
        request(endpoint + 'keys/all?' +
            iD.util.qsString(_.extend({
                rp: 10,
                sortname: 'count_all',
                sortorder: 'desc',
                page: 1
            }, parameters)), debounce, function(err, d) {
                if (err) return callback(err);
                var f = filterKeys(parameters.filter);
                callback(null, d.data.filter(f).sort(sortKeys).map(valKey));
            });
    };

    taginfo.multikeys = function(parameters, callback) {
        var debounce = parameters.debounce;
        parameters = clean(setSort(parameters));
        request(endpoint + 'keys/all?' +
            iD.util.qsString(_.extend({
                rp: 25,
                sortname: 'count_all',
                sortorder: 'desc',
                page: 1
            }, parameters)), debounce, function(err, d) {
                if (err) return callback(err);
                var f = filterMultikeys();
                callback(null, d.data.filter(f).map(valKey));
            });
    };

    taginfo.values = function(parameters, callback) {
        var debounce = parameters.debounce;
        parameters = clean(setSort(setFilter(parameters)));
        request(endpoint + 'key/values?' +
            iD.util.qsString(_.extend({
                rp: 25,
                sortname: 'count_all',
                sortorder: 'desc',
                page: 1
            }, parameters)), debounce, function(err, d) {
                if (err) return callback(err);
                var f = filterValues();
                callback(null, d.data.filter(f).map(valKeyDescription));
            });
    };

    taginfo.docs = function(parameters, callback) {
        var debounce = parameters.debounce;
        parameters = clean(setSort(parameters));

        var path = 'key/wiki_pages?';
        if (parameters.value) path = 'tag/wiki_pages?';
        else if (parameters.rtype) path = 'relation/wiki_pages?';

        request(endpoint + path + iD.util.qsString(parameters), debounce, function(err, d) {
            if (err) return callback(err);
            callback(null, d.data);
        });
    };

    taginfo.endpoint = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return endpoint;
        endpoint = _;
        return taginfo;
    };

    taginfo.reset = function() {
        iD.services.taginfo.cache = {};
        return taginfo;
    };


    if (!iD.services.taginfo.cache) {
        taginfo.reset();
    }

    return taginfo;
};
iD.services.wikidata = function() {
    var wiki = {},
        endpoint = 'https://www.wikidata.org/w/api.php?';

    // Given a Wikipedia language and article title, return an array of
    // corresponding Wikidata entities.
    wiki.itemsByTitle = function(lang, title, callback) {
        lang = lang || 'en';
        d3.jsonp(endpoint + iD.util.qsString({
            action: 'wbgetentities',
            format: 'json',
            sites: lang.replace(/-/g, '_') + 'wiki',
            titles: title,
            languages: 'en', // shrink response by filtering to one language
            callback: '{callback}'
        }), function(data) {
            callback(title, data.entities || {});
        });
    };

    return wiki;
};
iD.services.wikipedia = function() {
    var wiki = {},
        endpoint = 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?';

    wiki.search = function(lang, query, callback) {
        lang = lang || 'en';
        d3.jsonp(endpoint.replace('en', lang) +
            iD.util.qsString({
                action: 'query',
                list: 'search',
                srlimit: '10',
                srinfo: 'suggestion',
                format: 'json',
                callback: '{callback}',
                srsearch: query
            }), function(data) {
                if (!data.query) return;
                callback(query, data.query.search.map(function(d) {
                    return d.title;
                }));
            });
    };

    wiki.suggestions = function(lang, query, callback) {
        lang = lang || 'en';
        d3.jsonp(endpoint.replace('en', lang) +
            iD.util.qsString({
                action: 'opensearch',
                namespace: 0,
                suggest: '',
                format: 'json',
                callback: '{callback}',
                search: query
            }), function(d) {
                callback(d[0], d[1]);
            });
    };

    wiki.translations = function(lang, title, callback) {
        d3.jsonp(endpoint.replace('en', lang) +
            iD.util.qsString({
                action: 'query',
                prop: 'langlinks',
                format: 'json',
                callback: '{callback}',
                lllimit: 500,
                titles: title
            }), function(d) {
                var list = d.query.pages[Object.keys(d.query.pages)[0]],
                    translations = {};
                if (list && list.langlinks) {
                    list.langlinks.forEach(function(d) {
                        translations[d.lang] = d['*'];
                    });
                    callback(translations);
                }
            });
    };

    return wiki;
};
iD.util = {};

iD.util.tagText = function(entity) {
    return d3.entries(entity.tags).map(function(e) {
        return e.key + '=' + e.value;
    }).join(', ');
};

iD.util.entitySelector = function(ids) {
    return ids.length ? '.' + ids.join(',.') : 'nothing';
};

iD.util.entityOrMemberSelector = function(ids, graph) {
    var s = iD.util.entitySelector(ids);

    ids.forEach(function(id) {
        var entity = graph.hasEntity(id);
        if (entity && entity.type === 'relation') {
            entity.members.forEach(function(member) {
                s += ',.' + member.id;
            });
        }
    });

    return s;
};

iD.util.displayName = function(entity) {
    var localeName = 'name:' + iD.detect().locale.toLowerCase().split('-')[0];
    return entity.tags[localeName] || entity.tags.name || entity.tags.ref;
};

iD.util.displayType = function(id) {
    return {
        n: t('inspector.node'),
        w: t('inspector.way'),
        r: t('inspector.relation')
    }[id.charAt(0)];
};

iD.util.stringQs = function(str) {
    return str.split('&').reduce(function(obj, pair){
        var parts = pair.split('=');
        if (parts.length === 2) {
            obj[parts[0]] = (null === parts[1]) ? '' : decodeURIComponent(parts[1]);
        }
        return obj;
    }, {});
};

iD.util.qsString = function(obj, noencode) {
    function softEncode(s) {
      // encode everything except special characters used in certain hash parameters:
      // "/" in map states, ":", ",", {" and "}" in background
      return encodeURIComponent(s).replace(/(%2F|%3A|%2C|%7B|%7D)/g, decodeURIComponent);
    }
    return Object.keys(obj).sort().map(function(key) {
        return encodeURIComponent(key) + '=' + (
            noencode ? softEncode(obj[key]) : encodeURIComponent(obj[key]));
    }).join('&');
};

iD.util.prefixDOMProperty = function(property) {
    var prefixes = ['webkit', 'ms', 'moz', 'o'],
        i = -1,
        n = prefixes.length,
        s = document.body;

    if (property in s)
        return property;

    property = property.substr(0, 1).toUpperCase() + property.substr(1);

    while (++i < n)
        if (prefixes[i] + property in s)
            return prefixes[i] + property;

    return false;
};

iD.util.prefixCSSProperty = function(property) {
    var prefixes = ['webkit', 'ms', 'Moz', 'O'],
        i = -1,
        n = prefixes.length,
        s = document.body.style;

    if (property.toLowerCase() in s)
        return property.toLowerCase();

    while (++i < n)
        if (prefixes[i] + property in s)
            return '-' + prefixes[i].toLowerCase() + property.replace(/([A-Z])/g, '-$1').toLowerCase();

    return false;
};


iD.util.setTransform = function(el, x, y, scale) {
    var prop = iD.util.transformProperty = iD.util.transformProperty || iD.util.prefixCSSProperty('Transform'),
        translate = iD.detect().opera ?
            'translate('   + x + 'px,' + y + 'px)' :
            'translate3d(' + x + 'px,' + y + 'px,0)';
    return el.style(prop, translate + (scale ? ' scale(' + scale + ')' : ''));
};

iD.util.getStyle = function(selector) {
    for (var i = 0; i < document.styleSheets.length; i++) {
        var rules = document.styleSheets[i].rules || document.styleSheets[i].cssRules || [];
        for (var k = 0; k < rules.length; k++) {
            var selectorText = rules[k].selectorText && rules[k].selectorText.split(', ');
            if (_.includes(selectorText, selector)) {
                return rules[k];
            }
        }
    }
};

iD.util.editDistance = function(a, b) {
    if (a.length === 0) return b.length;
    if (b.length === 0) return a.length;
    var matrix = [];
    for (var i = 0; i <= b.length; i++) { matrix[i] = [i]; }
    for (var j = 0; j <= a.length; j++) { matrix[0][j] = j; }
    for (i = 1; i <= b.length; i++) {
        for (j = 1; j <= a.length; j++) {
            if (b.charAt(i-1) === a.charAt(j-1)) {
                matrix[i][j] = matrix[i-1][j-1];
            } else {
                matrix[i][j] = Math.min(matrix[i-1][j-1] + 1, // substitution
                    Math.min(matrix[i][j-1] + 1, // insertion
                    matrix[i-1][j] + 1)); // deletion
            }
        }
    }
    return matrix[b.length][a.length];
};

// a d3.mouse-alike which
// 1. Only works on HTML elements, not SVG
// 2. Does not cause style recalculation
iD.util.fastMouse = function(container) {
    var rect = container.getBoundingClientRect(),
        rectLeft = rect.left,
        rectTop = rect.top,
        clientLeft = +container.clientLeft,
        clientTop = +container.clientTop;
    return function(e) {
        return [
            e.clientX - rectLeft - clientLeft,
            e.clientY - rectTop - clientTop];
    };
};

/* eslint-disable no-proto */
iD.util.getPrototypeOf = Object.getPrototypeOf || function(obj) { return obj.__proto__; };
/* eslint-enable no-proto */

iD.util.asyncMap = function(inputs, func, callback) {
    var remaining = inputs.length,
        results = [],
        errors = [];

    inputs.forEach(function(d, i) {
        func(d, function done(err, data) {
            errors[i] = err;
            results[i] = data;
            remaining--;
            if (!remaining) callback(errors, results);
        });
    });
};

// wraps an index to an interval [0..length-1]
iD.util.wrap = function(index, length) {
    if (index < 0)
        index += Math.ceil(-index/length)*length;
    return index % length;
};
// A per-domain session mutex backed by a cookie and dead man's
// switch. If the session crashes, the mutex will auto-release
// after 5 seconds.

iD.util.SessionMutex = function(name) {
    var mutex = {},
        intervalID;

    function renew() {
        var expires = new Date();
        expires.setSeconds(expires.getSeconds() + 5);
        document.cookie = name + '=1; expires=' + expires.toUTCString();
    }

    mutex.lock = function() {
        if (intervalID) return true;
        var cookie = document.cookie.replace(new RegExp('(?:(?:^|.*;)\\s*' + name + '\\s*\\=\\s*([^;]*).*$)|^.*$'), '$1');
        if (cookie) return false;
        renew();
        intervalID = window.setInterval(renew, 4000);
        return true;
    };

    mutex.unlock = function() {
        if (!intervalID) return;
        document.cookie = name + '=; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT';
        clearInterval(intervalID);
        intervalID = null;
    };

    mutex.locked = function() {
        return !!intervalID;
    };

    return mutex;
};
iD.util.SuggestNames = function(preset, suggestions) {
    preset = preset.id.split('/', 2);
    var k = preset[0],
        v = preset[1];

    return function(value, callback) {
        var result = [];
        if (value && value.length > 2) {
            if (suggestions[k] && suggestions[k][v]) {
                for (var sugg in suggestions[k][v]) {
                    var dist = iD.util.editDistance(value, sugg.substring(0, value.length));
                    if (dist < 3) {
                        result.push({
                            title: sugg,
                            value: sugg,
                            dist: dist
                        });
                    }
                }
            }
            result.sort(function(a, b) {
                return a.dist - b.dist;
            });
        }
        result = result.slice(0,3);
        callback(result);
    };
};
iD.geo = {};

iD.geo.roundCoords = function(c) {
    return [Math.floor(c[0]), Math.floor(c[1])];
};

iD.geo.interp = function(p1, p2, t) {
    return [p1[0] + (p2[0] - p1[0]) * t,
            p1[1] + (p2[1] - p1[1]) * t];
};

// 2D cross product of OA and OB vectors, i.e. z-component of their 3D cross product.
// Returns a positive value, if OAB makes a counter-clockwise turn,
// negative for clockwise turn, and zero if the points are collinear.
iD.geo.cross = function(o, a, b) {
    return (a[0] - o[0]) * (b[1] - o[1]) - (a[1] - o[1]) * (b[0] - o[0]);
};

// http://jsperf.com/id-dist-optimization
iD.geo.euclideanDistance = function(a, b) {
    var x = a[0] - b[0], y = a[1] - b[1];
    return Math.sqrt((x * x) + (y * y));
};

// using WGS84 polar radius (6356752.314245179 m)
// const = 2 * PI * r / 360
iD.geo.latToMeters = function(dLat) {
    return dLat * 110946.257617;
};

// using WGS84 equatorial radius (6378137.0 m)
// const = 2 * PI * r / 360
iD.geo.lonToMeters = function(dLon, atLat) {
    return Math.abs(atLat) >= 90 ? 0 :
        dLon * 111319.490793 * Math.abs(Math.cos(atLat * (Math.PI/180)));
};

// using WGS84 polar radius (6356752.314245179 m)
// const = 2 * PI * r / 360
iD.geo.metersToLat = function(m) {
    return m / 110946.257617;
};

// using WGS84 equatorial radius (6378137.0 m)
// const = 2 * PI * r / 360
iD.geo.metersToLon = function(m, atLat) {
    return Math.abs(atLat) >= 90 ? 0 :
        m / 111319.490793 / Math.abs(Math.cos(atLat * (Math.PI/180)));
};

iD.geo.offsetToMeters = function(offset) {
    var equatRadius = 6356752.314245179,
        polarRadius = 6378137.0,
        tileSize = 256;

    return [
        offset[0] * 2 * Math.PI * equatRadius / tileSize,
        -offset[1] * 2 * Math.PI * polarRadius / tileSize
    ];
};

iD.geo.metersToOffset = function(meters) {
    var equatRadius = 6356752.314245179,
        polarRadius = 6378137.0,
        tileSize = 256;

    return [
        meters[0] * tileSize / (2 * Math.PI * equatRadius),
        -meters[1] * tileSize / (2 * Math.PI * polarRadius)
    ];
};

// Equirectangular approximation of spherical distances on Earth
iD.geo.sphericalDistance = function(a, b) {
    var x = iD.geo.lonToMeters(a[0] - b[0], (a[1] + b[1]) / 2),
        y = iD.geo.latToMeters(a[1] - b[1]);
    return Math.sqrt((x * x) + (y * y));
};

iD.geo.edgeEqual = function(a, b) {
    return (a[0] === b[0] && a[1] === b[1]) ||
        (a[0] === b[1] && a[1] === b[0]);
};

// Return the counterclockwise angle in the range (-pi, pi)
// between the positive X axis and the line intersecting a and b.
iD.geo.angle = function(a, b, projection) {
    a = projection(a.loc);
    b = projection(b.loc);
    return Math.atan2(b[1] - a[1], b[0] - a[0]);
};

// Choose the edge with the minimal distance from `point` to its orthogonal
// projection onto that edge, if such a projection exists, or the distance to
// the closest vertex on that edge. Returns an object with the `index` of the
// chosen edge, the chosen `loc` on that edge, and the `distance` to to it.
iD.geo.chooseEdge = function(nodes, point, projection) {
    var dist = iD.geo.euclideanDistance,
        points = nodes.map(function(n) { return projection(n.loc); }),
        min = Infinity,
        idx, loc;

    function dot(p, q) {
        return p[0] * q[0] + p[1] * q[1];
    }

    for (var i = 0; i < points.length - 1; i++) {
        var o = points[i],
            s = [points[i + 1][0] - o[0],
                 points[i + 1][1] - o[1]],
            v = [point[0] - o[0],
                 point[1] - o[1]],
            proj = dot(v, s) / dot(s, s),
            p;

        if (proj < 0) {
            p = o;
        } else if (proj > 1) {
            p = points[i + 1];
        } else {
            p = [o[0] + proj * s[0], o[1] + proj * s[1]];
        }

        var d = dist(p, point);
        if (d < min) {
            min = d;
            idx = i + 1;
            loc = projection.invert(p);
        }
    }

    return {
        index: idx,
        distance: min,
        loc: loc
    };
};

// Return the intersection point of 2 line segments.
// From https://github.com/pgkelley4/line-segments-intersect
// This uses the vector cross product approach described below:
//  http://stackoverflow.com/a/565282/786339
iD.geo.lineIntersection = function(a, b) {
    function subtractPoints(point1, point2) {
        return [point1[0] - point2[0], point1[1] - point2[1]];
    }
    function crossProduct(point1, point2) {
        return point1[0] * point2[1] - point1[1] * point2[0];
    }

    var p = [a[0][0], a[0][1]],
        p2 = [a[1][0], a[1][1]],
        q = [b[0][0], b[0][1]],
        q2 = [b[1][0], b[1][1]],
        r = subtractPoints(p2, p),
        s = subtractPoints(q2, q),
        uNumerator = crossProduct(subtractPoints(q, p), r),
        denominator = crossProduct(r, s);

    if (uNumerator && denominator) {
        var u = uNumerator / denominator,
            t = crossProduct(subtractPoints(q, p), s) / denominator;

        if ((t >= 0) && (t <= 1) && (u >= 0) && (u <= 1)) {
            return iD.geo.interp(p, p2, t);
        }
    }

    return null;
};

iD.geo.pathIntersections = function(path1, path2) {
    var intersections = [];
    for (var i = 0; i < path1.length - 1; i++) {
        for (var j = 0; j < path2.length - 1; j++) {
            var a = [ path1[i], path1[i+1] ],
                b = [ path2[j], path2[j+1] ],
                hit = iD.geo.lineIntersection(a, b);
            if (hit) intersections.push(hit);
        }
    }
    return intersections;
};

// Return whether point is contained in polygon.
//
// `point` should be a 2-item array of coordinates.
// `polygon` should be an array of 2-item arrays of coordinates.
//
// From https://github.com/substack/point-in-polygon.
// ray-casting algorithm based on
// http://www.ecse.rpi.edu/Homepages/wrf/Research/Short_Notes/pnpoly.html
//
iD.geo.pointInPolygon = function(point, polygon) {
    var x = point[0],
        y = point[1],
        inside = false;

    for (var i = 0, j = polygon.length - 1; i < polygon.length; j = i++) {
        var xi = polygon[i][0], yi = polygon[i][1];
        var xj = polygon[j][0], yj = polygon[j][1];

        var intersect = ((yi > y) !== (yj > y)) &&
            (x < (xj - xi) * (y - yi) / (yj - yi) + xi);
        if (intersect) inside = !inside;
    }

    return inside;
};

iD.geo.polygonContainsPolygon = function(outer, inner) {
    return _.every(inner, function(point) {
        return iD.geo.pointInPolygon(point, outer);
    });
};

iD.geo.polygonIntersectsPolygon = function(outer, inner, checkSegments) {
    function testSegments(outer, inner) {
        for (var i = 0; i < outer.length - 1; i++) {
            for (var j = 0; j < inner.length - 1; j++) {
                var a = [ outer[i], outer[i+1] ],
                    b = [ inner[j], inner[j+1] ];
                if (iD.geo.lineIntersection(a, b)) return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    function testPoints(outer, inner) {
        return _.some(inner, function(point) {
            return iD.geo.pointInPolygon(point, outer);
        });
    }

   return testPoints(outer, inner) || (!!checkSegments && testSegments(outer, inner));
};

iD.geo.pathLength = function(path) {
    var length = 0,
        dx, dy;
    for (var i = 0; i < path.length - 1; i++) {
        dx = path[i][0] - path[i + 1][0];
        dy = path[i][1] - path[i + 1][1];
        length += Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
    }
    return length;
};
iD.geo.Extent = function geoExtent(min, max) {
    if (!(this instanceof iD.geo.Extent)) return new iD.geo.Extent(min, max);
    if (min instanceof iD.geo.Extent) {
        return min;
    } else if (min && min.length === 2 && min[0].length === 2 && min[1].length === 2) {
        this[0] = min[0];
        this[1] = min[1];
    } else {
        this[0] = min        || [ Infinity,  Infinity];
        this[1] = max || min || [-Infinity, -Infinity];
    }
};

iD.geo.Extent.prototype = new Array(2);

_.extend(iD.geo.Extent.prototype, {
    equals: function (obj) {
        return this[0][0] === obj[0][0] &&
            this[0][1] === obj[0][1] &&
            this[1][0] === obj[1][0] &&
            this[1][1] === obj[1][1];
    },

    extend: function(obj) {
        if (!(obj instanceof iD.geo.Extent)) obj = new iD.geo.Extent(obj);
        return iD.geo.Extent([Math.min(obj[0][0], this[0][0]),
                              Math.min(obj[0][1], this[0][1])],
                             [Math.max(obj[1][0], this[1][0]),
                              Math.max(obj[1][1], this[1][1])]);
    },

    _extend: function(extent) {
        this[0][0] = Math.min(extent[0][0], this[0][0]);
        this[0][1] = Math.min(extent[0][1], this[0][1]);
        this[1][0] = Math.max(extent[1][0], this[1][0]);
        this[1][1] = Math.max(extent[1][1], this[1][1]);
    },

    area: function() {
        return Math.abs((this[1][0] - this[0][0]) * (this[1][1] - this[0][1]));
    },

    center: function() {
        return [(this[0][0] + this[1][0]) / 2,
                (this[0][1] + this[1][1]) / 2];
    },

    rectangle: function() {
        return [this[0][0], this[0][1], this[1][0], this[1][1]];
    },

    polygon: function() {
        return [
            [this[0][0], this[0][1]],
            [this[0][0], this[1][1]],
            [this[1][0], this[1][1]],
            [this[1][0], this[0][1]],
            [this[0][0], this[0][1]]
        ];
    },

    contains: function(obj) {
        if (!(obj instanceof iD.geo.Extent)) obj = new iD.geo.Extent(obj);
        return obj[0][0] >= this[0][0] &&
               obj[0][1] >= this[0][1] &&
               obj[1][0] <= this[1][0] &&
               obj[1][1] <= this[1][1];
    },

    intersects: function(obj) {
        if (!(obj instanceof iD.geo.Extent)) obj = new iD.geo.Extent(obj);
        return obj[0][0] <= this[1][0] &&
               obj[0][1] <= this[1][1] &&
               obj[1][0] >= this[0][0] &&
               obj[1][1] >= this[0][1];
    },

    intersection: function(obj) {
        if (!this.intersects(obj)) return new iD.geo.Extent();
        return new iD.geo.Extent([Math.max(obj[0][0], this[0][0]),
                                  Math.max(obj[0][1], this[0][1])],
                                 [Math.min(obj[1][0], this[1][0]),
                                  Math.min(obj[1][1], this[1][1])]);
    },

    percentContainedIn: function(obj) {
        if (!(obj instanceof iD.geo.Extent)) obj = new iD.geo.Extent(obj);
        var a1 = this.intersection(obj).area(),
            a2 = this.area();

        if (a1 === Infinity || a2 === Infinity || a1 === 0 || a2 === 0) {
            return 0;
        } else {
            return a1 / a2;
        }
    },

    padByMeters: function(meters) {
        var dLat = iD.geo.metersToLat(meters),
            dLon = iD.geo.metersToLon(meters, this.center()[1]);
        return iD.geo.Extent(
                [this[0][0] - dLon, this[0][1] - dLat],
                [this[1][0] + dLon, this[1][1] + dLat]);
    },

    toParam: function() {
        return this.rectangle().join(',');
    }

});
iD.geo.Turn = function(turn) {
    if (!(this instanceof iD.geo.Turn))
        return new iD.geo.Turn(turn);
    _.extend(this, turn);
};

iD.geo.Intersection = function(graph, vertexId) {
    var vertex = graph.entity(vertexId),
        parentWays = graph.parentWays(vertex),
        coincident = [],
        highways = {};

    function addHighway(way, adjacentNodeId) {
        if (highways[adjacentNodeId]) {
            coincident.push(adjacentNodeId);
        } else {
            highways[adjacentNodeId] = way;
        }
    }

    // Pre-split ways that would need to be split in
    // order to add a restriction. The real split will
    // happen when the restriction is added.
    parentWays.forEach(function(way) {
        if (!way.tags.highway || way.isArea() || way.isDegenerate())
            return;

        var isFirst = (vertexId === way.first()),
            isLast = (vertexId === way.last()),
            isAffix = (isFirst || isLast),
            isClosingNode = (isFirst && isLast);

        if (isAffix && !isClosingNode) {
            var index = (isFirst ? 1 : way.nodes.length - 2);
            addHighway(way, way.nodes[index]);

        } else {
            var splitIndex, wayA, wayB, indexA, indexB;
            if (isClosingNode) {
                splitIndex = Math.ceil(way.nodes.length / 2);  // split at midpoint
                wayA = iD.Way({id: way.id + '-a', tags: way.tags, nodes: way.nodes.slice(0, splitIndex)});
                wayB = iD.Way({id: way.id + '-b', tags: way.tags, nodes: way.nodes.slice(splitIndex)});
                indexA = 1;
                indexB = way.nodes.length - 2;
            } else {
                splitIndex = _.indexOf(way.nodes, vertex.id, 1);  // split at vertexid
                wayA = iD.Way({id: way.id + '-a', tags: way.tags, nodes: way.nodes.slice(0, splitIndex + 1)});
                wayB = iD.Way({id: way.id + '-b', tags: way.tags, nodes: way.nodes.slice(splitIndex)});
                indexA = splitIndex - 1;
                indexB = splitIndex + 1;
            }
            graph = graph.replace(wayA).replace(wayB);
            addHighway(wayA, way.nodes[indexA]);
            addHighway(wayB, way.nodes[indexB]);
        }
    });

    // remove any ways from this intersection that are coincident
    // (i.e. any adjacent node used by more than one intersecting way)
    coincident.forEach(function (n) {
        delete highways[n];
    });


    var intersection = {
        highways: highways,
        ways: _.values(highways),
        graph: graph
    };

    intersection.adjacentNodeId = function(fromWayId) {
        return _.find(_.keys(highways), function(k) {
            return highways[k].id === fromWayId;
        });
    };

    intersection.turns = function(fromNodeId) {
        var start = highways[fromNodeId];
        if (!start)
            return [];

        if (start.first() === vertex.id && start.tags.oneway === 'yes')
            return [];
        if (start.last() === vertex.id && start.tags.oneway === '-1')
            return [];

        function withRestriction(turn) {
            graph.parentRelations(graph.entity(turn.from.way)).forEach(function(relation) {
                if (relation.tags.type !== 'restriction')
                    return;

                var f = relation.memberByRole('from'),
                    t = relation.memberByRole('to'),
                    v = relation.memberByRole('via');

                if (f && f.id === turn.from.way &&
                    v && v.id === turn.via.node &&
                    t && t.id === turn.to.way) {
                    turn.restriction = relation.id;
                } else if (/^only_/.test(relation.tags.restriction) &&
                    f && f.id === turn.from.way &&
                    v && v.id === turn.via.node &&
                    t && t.id !== turn.to.way) {
                    turn.restriction = relation.id;
                    turn.indirect_restriction = true;
                }
            });

            return iD.geo.Turn(turn);
        }

        var from = {
                node: fromNodeId,
                way: start.id.split(/-(a|b)/)[0]
            },
            via = { node: vertex.id },
            turns = [];

        _.each(highways, function(end, adjacentNodeId) {
            if (end === start)
                return;

            // backward
            if (end.first() !== vertex.id && end.tags.oneway !== 'yes') {
                turns.push(withRestriction({
                    from: from,
                    via: via,
                    to: {
                        node: adjacentNodeId,
                        way: end.id.split(/-(a|b)/)[0]
                    }
                }));
            }

            // forward
            if (end.last() !== vertex.id && end.tags.oneway !== '-1') {
                turns.push(withRestriction({
                    from: from,
                    via: via,
                    to: {
                        node: adjacentNodeId,
                        way: end.id.split(/-(a|b)/)[0]
                    }
                }));
            }

        });

        // U-turn
        if (start.tags.oneway !== 'yes' && start.tags.oneway !== '-1') {
            turns.push(withRestriction({
                from: from,
                via: via,
                to: from,
                u: true
            }));
        }

        return turns;
    };

    return intersection;
};


iD.geo.inferRestriction = function(graph, from, via, to, projection) {
    var fromWay = graph.entity(from.way),
        fromNode = graph.entity(from.node),
        toWay = graph.entity(to.way),
        toNode = graph.entity(to.node),
        viaNode = graph.entity(via.node),
        fromOneWay = (fromWay.tags.oneway === 'yes' && fromWay.last() === via.node) ||
            (fromWay.tags.oneway === '-1' && fromWay.first() === via.node),
        toOneWay = (toWay.tags.oneway === 'yes' && toWay.first() === via.node) ||
            (toWay.tags.oneway === '-1' && toWay.last() === via.node),
        angle = iD.geo.angle(viaNode, fromNode, projection) -
                iD.geo.angle(viaNode, toNode, projection);

    angle = angle * 180 / Math.PI;

    while (angle < 0)
        angle += 360;

    if (fromNode === toNode)
        return 'no_u_turn';
    if ((angle < 23 || angle > 336) && fromOneWay && toOneWay)
        return 'no_u_turn';
    if (angle < 158)
        return 'no_right_turn';
    if (angle > 202)
        return 'no_left_turn';

    return 'no_straight_on';
};
// For fixing up rendering of multipolygons with tags on the outer member.
// https://github.com/openstreetmap/iD/issues/613
iD.geo.isSimpleMultipolygonOuterMember = function(entity, graph) {
    if (entity.type !== 'way')
        return false;

    var parents = graph.parentRelations(entity);
    if (parents.length !== 1)
        return false;

    var parent = parents[0];
    if (!parent.isMultipolygon() || Object.keys(parent.tags).length > 1)
        return false;

    var members = parent.members, member;
    for (var i = 0; i < members.length; i++) {
        member = members[i];
        if (member.id === entity.id && member.role && member.role !== 'outer')
            return false; // Not outer member
        if (member.id !== entity.id && (!member.role || member.role === 'outer'))
            return false; // Not a simple multipolygon
    }

    return parent;
};

iD.geo.simpleMultipolygonOuterMember = function(entity, graph) {
    if (entity.type !== 'way')
        return false;

    var parents = graph.parentRelations(entity);
    if (parents.length !== 1)
        return false;

    var parent = parents[0];
    if (!parent.isMultipolygon() || Object.keys(parent.tags).length > 1)
        return false;

    var members = parent.members, member, outerMember;
    for (var i = 0; i < members.length; i++) {
        member = members[i];
        if (!member.role || member.role === 'outer') {
            if (outerMember)
                return false; // Not a simple multipolygon
            outerMember = member;
        }
    }

    return outerMember && graph.hasEntity(outerMember.id);
};

// Join `array` into sequences of connecting ways.
//
// Segments which share identical start/end nodes will, as much as possible,
// be connected with each other.
//
// The return value is a nested array. Each constituent array contains elements
// of `array` which have been determined to connect. Each consitituent array
// also has a `nodes` property whose value is an ordered array of member nodes,
// with appropriate order reversal and start/end coordinate de-duplication.
//
// Members of `array` must have, at minimum, `type` and `id` properties.
// Thus either an array of `iD.Way`s or a relation member array may be
// used.
//
// If an member has a `tags` property, its tags will be reversed via
// `iD.actions.Reverse` in the output.
//
// Incomplete members (those for which `graph.hasEntity(element.id)` returns
// false) and non-way members are ignored.
//
iD.geo.joinWays = function(array, graph) {
    var joined = [], member, current, nodes, first, last, i, how, what;

    array = array.filter(function(member) {
        return member.type === 'way' && graph.hasEntity(member.id);
    });

    function resolve(member) {
        return graph.childNodes(graph.entity(member.id));
    }

    function reverse(member) {
        return member.tags ? iD.actions.Reverse(member.id, {reverseOneway: true})(graph).entity(member.id) : member;
    }

    while (array.length) {
        member = array.shift();
        current = [member];
        current.nodes = nodes = resolve(member).slice();
        joined.push(current);

        while (array.length && _.first(nodes) !== _.last(nodes)) {
            first = _.first(nodes);
            last  = _.last(nodes);

            for (i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
                member = array[i];
                what = resolve(member);

                if (last === _.first(what)) {
                    how  = nodes.push;
                    what = what.slice(1);
                    break;
                } else if (last === _.last(what)) {
                    how  = nodes.push;
                    what = what.slice(0, -1).reverse();
                    member = reverse(member);
                    break;
                } else if (first === _.last(what)) {
                    how  = nodes.unshift;
                    what = what.slice(0, -1);
                    break;
                } else if (first === _.first(what)) {
                    how  = nodes.unshift;
                    what = what.slice(1).reverse();
                    member = reverse(member);
                    break;
                } else {
                    what = how = null;
                }
            }

            if (!what)
                break; // No more joinable ways.

            how.apply(current, [member]);
            how.apply(nodes, what);

            array.splice(i, 1);
        }
    }

    return joined;
};
/*
    Bypasses features of D3's default projection stream pipeline that are unnecessary:
    * Antimeridian clipping
    * Spherical rotation
    * Resampling
*/
iD.geo.RawMercator = function () {
    var project = d3.geo.mercator.raw,
        k = 512 / Math.PI, // scale
        x = 0, y = 0, // translate
        clipExtent = [[0, 0], [0, 0]];

    function projection(point) {
        point = project(point[0] * Math.PI / 180, point[1] * Math.PI / 180);
        return [point[0] * k + x, y - point[1] * k];
    }

    projection.invert = function(point) {
        point = project.invert((point[0] - x) / k, (y - point[1]) / k);
        return point && [point[0] * 180 / Math.PI, point[1] * 180 / Math.PI];
    };

    projection.scale = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return k;
        k = +_;
        return projection;
    };

    projection.translate = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return [x, y];
        x = +_[0];
        y = +_[1];
        return projection;
    };

    projection.clipExtent = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return clipExtent;
        clipExtent = _;
        return projection;
    };

    projection.stream = d3.geo.transform({
        point: function(x, y) {
            x = projection([x, y]);
            this.stream.point(x[0], x[1]);
        }
    }).stream;

    return projection;
};
iD.actions = {};
iD.actions.AddEntity = function(way) {
    return function(graph) {
        return graph.replace(way);
    };
};
iD.actions.AddMember = function(relationId, member, memberIndex) {
    return function(graph) {
        var relation = graph.entity(relationId);

        if (isNaN(memberIndex) && member.type === 'way') {
            var members = relation.indexedMembers();
            members.push(member);

            var joined = iD.geo.joinWays(members, graph);
            for (var i = 0; i < joined.length; i++) {
                var segment = joined[i];
                for (var j = 0; j < segment.length && segment.length >= 2; j++) {
                    if (segment[j] !== member)
                        continue;

                    if (j === 0) {
                        memberIndex = segment[j + 1].index;
                    } else if (j === segment.length - 1) {
                        memberIndex = segment[j - 1].index + 1;
                    } else {
                        memberIndex = Math.min(segment[j - 1].index + 1, segment[j + 1].index + 1);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        return graph.replace(relation.addMember(member, memberIndex));
    };
};
iD.actions.AddMidpoint = function(midpoint, node) {
    return function(graph) {
        graph = graph.replace(node.move(midpoint.loc));

        var parents = _.intersection(
            graph.parentWays(graph.entity(midpoint.edge[0])),
            graph.parentWays(graph.entity(midpoint.edge[1])));

        parents.forEach(function(way) {
            for (var i = 0; i < way.nodes.length - 1; i++) {
                if (iD.geo.edgeEqual([way.nodes[i], way.nodes[i + 1]], midpoint.edge)) {
                    graph = graph.replace(graph.entity(way.id).addNode(node.id, i + 1));

                    // Add only one midpoint on doubled-back segments,
                    // turning them into self-intersections.
                    return;
                }
            }
        });

        return graph;
    };
};
// https://github.com/openstreetmap/potlatch2/blob/master/net/systemeD/halcyon/connection/actions/AddNodeToWayAction.as
iD.actions.AddVertex = function(wayId, nodeId, index) {
    return function(graph) {
        return graph.replace(graph.entity(wayId).addNode(nodeId, index));
    };
};
iD.actions.ChangeMember = function(relationId, member, memberIndex) {
    return function(graph) {
        return graph.replace(graph.entity(relationId).updateMember(member, memberIndex));
    };
};
iD.actions.ChangePreset = function(entityId, oldPreset, newPreset) {
    return function(graph) {
        var entity = graph.entity(entityId),
            geometry = entity.geometry(graph),
            tags = entity.tags;

        if (oldPreset) tags = oldPreset.removeTags(tags, geometry);
        if (newPreset) tags = newPreset.applyTags(tags, geometry);

        return graph.replace(entity.update({tags: tags}));
    };
};
iD.actions.ChangeTags = function(entityId, tags) {
    return function(graph) {
        var entity = graph.entity(entityId);
        return graph.replace(entity.update({tags: tags}));
    };
};
iD.actions.Circularize = function(wayId, projection, maxAngle) {
    maxAngle = (maxAngle || 20) * Math.PI / 180;

    var action = function(graph) {
        var way = graph.entity(wayId);

        if (!way.isConvex(graph)) {
            graph = action.makeConvex(graph);
        }

        var nodes = _.uniq(graph.childNodes(way)),
            keyNodes = nodes.filter(function(n) { return graph.parentWays(n).length !== 1; }),
            points = nodes.map(function(n) { return projection(n.loc); }),
            keyPoints = keyNodes.map(function(n) { return projection(n.loc); }),
            centroid = (points.length === 2) ? iD.geo.interp(points[0], points[1], 0.5) : d3.geom.polygon(points).centroid(),
            radius = d3.median(points, function(p) { return iD.geo.euclideanDistance(centroid, p); }),
            sign = d3.geom.polygon(points).area() > 0 ? 1 : -1,
            ids;

        // we need atleast two key nodes for the algorithm to work
        if (!keyNodes.length) {
            keyNodes = [nodes[0]];
            keyPoints = [points[0]];
        }

        if (keyNodes.length === 1) {
            var index = nodes.indexOf(keyNodes[0]),
                oppositeIndex = Math.floor((index + nodes.length / 2) % nodes.length);

            keyNodes.push(nodes[oppositeIndex]);
            keyPoints.push(points[oppositeIndex]);
        }

        // key points and nodes are those connected to the ways,
        // they are projected onto the circle, inbetween nodes are moved
        // to constant intervals between key nodes, extra inbetween nodes are
        // added if necessary.
        for (var i = 0; i < keyPoints.length; i++) {
            var nextKeyNodeIndex = (i + 1) % keyNodes.length,
                startNode = keyNodes[i],
                endNode = keyNodes[nextKeyNodeIndex],
                startNodeIndex = nodes.indexOf(startNode),
                endNodeIndex = nodes.indexOf(endNode),
                numberNewPoints = -1,
                indexRange = endNodeIndex - startNodeIndex,
                distance, totalAngle, eachAngle, startAngle, endAngle,
                angle, loc, node, j,
                inBetweenNodes = [];

            if (indexRange < 0) {
                indexRange += nodes.length;
            }

            // position this key node
            distance = iD.geo.euclideanDistance(centroid, keyPoints[i]);
            if (distance === 0) { distance = 1e-4; }
            keyPoints[i] = [
                centroid[0] + (keyPoints[i][0] - centroid[0]) / distance * radius,
                centroid[1] + (keyPoints[i][1] - centroid[1]) / distance * radius];
            graph = graph.replace(keyNodes[i].move(projection.invert(keyPoints[i])));

            // figure out the between delta angle we want to match to
            startAngle = Math.atan2(keyPoints[i][1] - centroid[1], keyPoints[i][0] - centroid[0]);
            endAngle = Math.atan2(keyPoints[nextKeyNodeIndex][1] - centroid[1], keyPoints[nextKeyNodeIndex][0] - centroid[0]);
            totalAngle = endAngle - startAngle;

            // detects looping around -pi/pi
            if (totalAngle * sign > 0) {
                totalAngle = -sign * (2 * Math.PI - Math.abs(totalAngle));
            }

            do {
                numberNewPoints++;
                eachAngle = totalAngle / (indexRange + numberNewPoints);
            } while (Math.abs(eachAngle) > maxAngle);

            // move existing points
            for (j = 1; j < indexRange; j++) {
                angle = startAngle + j * eachAngle;
                loc = projection.invert([
                    centroid[0] + Math.cos(angle)*radius,
                    centroid[1] + Math.sin(angle)*radius]);

                node = nodes[(j + startNodeIndex) % nodes.length].move(loc);
                graph = graph.replace(node);
            }

            // add new inbetween nodes if necessary
            for (j = 0; j < numberNewPoints; j++) {
                angle = startAngle + (indexRange + j) * eachAngle;
                loc = projection.invert([
                    centroid[0] + Math.cos(angle) * radius,
                    centroid[1] + Math.sin(angle) * radius]);

                node = iD.Node({loc: loc});
                graph = graph.replace(node);

                nodes.splice(endNodeIndex + j, 0, node);
                inBetweenNodes.push(node.id);
            }

            // Check for other ways that share these keyNodes..
            // If keyNodes are adjacent in both ways,
            // we can add inBetween nodes to that shared way too..
            if (indexRange === 1 && inBetweenNodes.length) {
                var startIndex1 = way.nodes.lastIndexOf(startNode.id),
                    endIndex1 = way.nodes.lastIndexOf(endNode.id),
                    wayDirection1 = (endIndex1 - startIndex1);
                if (wayDirection1 < -1) { wayDirection1 = 1; }

                /* eslint-disable no-loop-func */
                _.each(_.without(graph.parentWays(keyNodes[i]), way), function(sharedWay) {
                    if (sharedWay.areAdjacent(startNode.id, endNode.id)) {
                        var startIndex2 = sharedWay.nodes.lastIndexOf(startNode.id),
                            endIndex2 = sharedWay.nodes.lastIndexOf(endNode.id),
                            wayDirection2 = (endIndex2 - startIndex2),
                            insertAt = endIndex2;
                        if (wayDirection2 < -1) { wayDirection2 = 1; }

                        if (wayDirection1 !== wayDirection2) {
                            inBetweenNodes.reverse();
                            insertAt = startIndex2;
                        }
                        for (j = 0; j < inBetweenNodes.length; j++) {
                            sharedWay = sharedWay.addNode(inBetweenNodes[j], insertAt + j);
                        }
                        graph = graph.replace(sharedWay);
                    }
                });
                /* eslint-enable no-loop-func */
            }

        }

        // update the way to have all the new nodes
        ids = nodes.map(function(n) { return n.id; });
        ids.push(ids[0]);

        way = way.update({nodes: ids});
        graph = graph.replace(way);

        return graph;
    };

    action.makeConvex = function(graph) {
        var way = graph.entity(wayId),
            nodes = _.uniq(graph.childNodes(way)),
            points = nodes.map(function(n) { return projection(n.loc); }),
            sign = d3.geom.polygon(points).area() > 0 ? 1 : -1,
            hull = d3.geom.hull(points);

        // D3 convex hulls go counterclockwise..
        if (sign === -1) {
            nodes.reverse();
            points.reverse();
        }

        for (var i = 0; i < hull.length - 1; i++) {
            var startIndex = points.indexOf(hull[i]),
                endIndex = points.indexOf(hull[i+1]),
                indexRange = (endIndex - startIndex);

            if (indexRange < 0) {
                indexRange += nodes.length;
            }

            // move interior nodes to the surface of the convex hull..
            for (var j = 1; j < indexRange; j++) {
                var point = iD.geo.interp(hull[i], hull[i+1], j / indexRange),
                    node = nodes[(j + startIndex) % nodes.length].move(projection.invert(point));
                graph = graph.replace(node);
            }
        }
        return graph;
    };

    action.disabled = function(graph) {
        if (!graph.entity(wayId).isClosed())
            return 'not_closed';
    };

    return action;
};
// Connect the ways at the given nodes.
//
// The last node will survive. All other nodes will be replaced with
// the surviving node in parent ways, and then removed.
//
// Tags and relation memberships of of non-surviving nodes are merged
// to the survivor.
//
// This is the inverse of `iD.actions.Disconnect`.
//
// Reference:
//   https://github.com/openstreetmap/potlatch2/blob/master/net/systemeD/halcyon/connection/actions/MergeNodesAction.as
//   https://github.com/openstreetmap/josm/blob/mirror/src/org/openstreetmap/josm/actions/MergeNodesAction.java
//
iD.actions.Connect = function(nodeIds) {
    return function(graph) {
        var survivor = graph.entity(_.last(nodeIds));

        for (var i = 0; i < nodeIds.length - 1; i++) {
            var node = graph.entity(nodeIds[i]);

            /* eslint-disable no-loop-func */
            graph.parentWays(node).forEach(function(parent) {
                if (!parent.areAdjacent(node.id, survivor.id)) {
                    graph = graph.replace(parent.replaceNode(node.id, survivor.id));
                }
            });

            graph.parentRelations(node).forEach(function(parent) {
                graph = graph.replace(parent.replaceMember(node, survivor));
            });
            /* eslint-enable no-loop-func */

            survivor = survivor.mergeTags(node.tags);
            graph = iD.actions.DeleteNode(node.id)(graph);
        }

        graph = graph.replace(survivor);

        return graph;
    };
};
iD.actions.CopyEntities = function(ids, fromGraph) {
    var copies = {};

    var action = function(graph) {
        ids.forEach(function(id) {
            fromGraph.entity(id).copy(fromGraph, copies);
        });

        for (var id in copies) {
            graph = graph.replace(copies[id]);
        }

        return graph;
    };

    action.copies = function() {
        return copies;
    };

    return action;
};
iD.actions.DeleteMember = function(relationId, memberIndex) {
    return function(graph) {
        var relation = graph.entity(relationId)
            .removeMember(memberIndex);

        graph = graph.replace(relation);

        if (relation.isDegenerate())
            graph = iD.actions.DeleteRelation(relation.id)(graph);

        return graph;
    };
};
iD.actions.DeleteMultiple = function(ids) {
    var actions = {
        way: iD.actions.DeleteWay,
        node: iD.actions.DeleteNode,
        relation: iD.actions.DeleteRelation
    };

    var action = function(graph) {
        ids.forEach(function(id) {
            if (graph.hasEntity(id)) { // It may have been deleted aready.
                graph = actions[graph.entity(id).type](id)(graph);
            }
        });

        return graph;
    };

    action.disabled = function(graph) {
        for (var i = 0; i < ids.length; i++) {
            var id = ids[i],
                disabled = actions[graph.entity(id).type](id).disabled(graph);
            if (disabled) return disabled;
        }
    };

    return action;
};
// https://github.com/openstreetmap/potlatch2/blob/master/net/systemeD/halcyon/connection/actions/DeleteNodeAction.as
iD.actions.DeleteNode = function(nodeId) {
    var action = function(graph) {
        var node = graph.entity(nodeId);

        graph.parentWays(node)
            .forEach(function(parent) {
                parent = parent.removeNode(nodeId);
                graph = graph.replace(parent);

                if (parent.isDegenerate()) {
                    graph = iD.actions.DeleteWay(parent.id)(graph);
                }
            });

        graph.parentRelations(node)
            .forEach(function(parent) {
                parent = parent.removeMembersWithID(nodeId);
                graph = graph.replace(parent);

                if (parent.isDegenerate()) {
                    graph = iD.actions.DeleteRelation(parent.id)(graph);
                }
            });

        return graph.remove(node);
    };

    action.disabled = function() {
        return false;
    };

    return action;
};
// https://github.com/openstreetmap/potlatch2/blob/master/net/systemeD/halcyon/connection/actions/DeleteRelationAction.as
iD.actions.DeleteRelation = function(relationId) {
    function deleteEntity(entity, graph) {
        return !graph.parentWays(entity).length &&
            !graph.parentRelations(entity).length &&
            !entity.hasInterestingTags();
    }

    var action = function(graph) {
        var relation = graph.entity(relationId);

        graph.parentRelations(relation)
            .forEach(function(parent) {
                parent = parent.removeMembersWithID(relationId);
                graph = graph.replace(parent);

                if (parent.isDegenerate()) {
                    graph = iD.actions.DeleteRelation(parent.id)(graph);
                }
            });

        _.uniq(_.map(relation.members, 'id')).forEach(function(memberId) {
            graph = graph.replace(relation.removeMembersWithID(memberId));

            var entity = graph.entity(memberId);
            if (deleteEntity(entity, graph)) {
                graph = iD.actions.DeleteMultiple([memberId])(graph);
            }
        });

        return graph.remove(relation);
    };

    action.disabled = function(graph) {
        if (!graph.entity(relationId).isComplete(graph))
            return 'incomplete_relation';
    };

    return action;
};
// https://github.com/openstreetmap/potlatch2/blob/master/net/systemeD/halcyon/connection/actions/DeleteWayAction.as
iD.actions.DeleteWay = function(wayId) {
    function deleteNode(node, graph) {
        return !graph.parentWays(node).length &&
            !graph.parentRelations(node).length &&
            !node.hasInterestingTags();
    }

    var action = function(graph) {
        var way = graph.entity(wayId);

        graph.parentRelations(way)
            .forEach(function(parent) {
                parent = parent.removeMembersWithID(wayId);
                graph = graph.replace(parent);

                if (parent.isDegenerate()) {
                    graph = iD.actions.DeleteRelation(parent.id)(graph);
                }
            });

        _.uniq(way.nodes).forEach(function(nodeId) {
            graph = graph.replace(way.removeNode(nodeId));

            var node = graph.entity(nodeId);
            if (deleteNode(node, graph)) {
                graph = graph.remove(node);
            }
        });

        return graph.remove(way);
    };

    action.disabled = function(graph) {
        var disabled = false;

        graph.parentRelations(graph.entity(wayId)).forEach(function(parent) {
            var type = parent.tags.type,
                role = parent.memberById(wayId).role || 'outer';
            if (type === 'route' || type === 'boundary' || (type === 'multipolygon' && role === 'outer')) {
                disabled = 'part_of_relation';
            }
        });

        return disabled;
    };

    return action;
};
iD.actions.DeprecateTags = function(entityId) {
    return function(graph) {
        var entity = graph.entity(entityId),
            newtags = _.clone(entity.tags),
            change = false,
            rule;

        // This handles deprecated tags with a single condition
        for (var i = 0; i < iD.data.deprecated.length; i++) {

            rule = iD.data.deprecated[i];
            var match = _.toPairs(rule.old)[0],
                replacements = rule.replace ? _.toPairs(rule.replace) : null;

            if (entity.tags[match[0]] && match[1] === '*') {

                var value = entity.tags[match[0]];
                if (replacements && !newtags[replacements[0][0]]) {
                    newtags[replacements[0][0]] = value;
                }
                delete newtags[match[0]];
                change = true;

            } else if (entity.tags[match[0]] === match[1]) {
                newtags = _.assign({}, rule.replace || {}, _.omit(newtags, match[0]));
                change = true;
            }
        }

        if (change) {
            return graph.replace(entity.update({tags: newtags}));
        } else {
            return graph;
        }
    };
};
iD.actions.DiscardTags = function(difference) {
    return function(graph) {
        function discardTags(entity) {
            if (!_.isEmpty(entity.tags)) {
                var tags = {};
                _.each(entity.tags, function(v, k) {
                    if (v) tags[k] = v;
                });

                graph = graph.replace(entity.update({
                    tags: _.omit(tags, iD.data.discarded)
                }));
            }
        }

        difference.modified().forEach(discardTags);
        difference.created().forEach(discardTags);

        return graph;
    };
};
// Disconect the ways at the given node.
//
// Optionally, disconnect only the given ways.
//
// For testing convenience, accepts an ID to assign to the (first) new node.
// Normally, this will be undefined and the way will automatically
// be assigned a new ID.
//
// This is the inverse of `iD.actions.Connect`.
//
// Reference:
//   https://github.com/openstreetmap/potlatch2/blob/master/net/systemeD/halcyon/connection/actions/UnjoinNodeAction.as
//   https://github.com/openstreetmap/josm/blob/mirror/src/org/openstreetmap/josm/actions/UnGlueAction.java
//
iD.actions.Disconnect = function(nodeId, newNodeId) {
    var wayIds;

    var action = function(graph) {
        var node = graph.entity(nodeId),
            connections = action.connections(graph);

        connections.forEach(function(connection) {
            var way = graph.entity(connection.wayID),
                newNode = iD.Node({id: newNodeId, loc: node.loc, tags: node.tags});

            graph = graph.replace(newNode);
            if (connection.index === 0 && way.isArea()) {
                // replace shared node with shared node..
                graph = graph.replace(way.replaceNode(way.nodes[0], newNode.id));
            } else {
                // replace shared node with multiple new nodes..
                graph = graph.replace(way.updateNode(newNode.id, connection.index));
            }
        });

        return graph;
    };

    action.connections = function(graph) {
        var candidates = [],
            keeping = false,
            parentWays = graph.parentWays(graph.entity(nodeId));

        parentWays.forEach(function(way) {
            if (wayIds && wayIds.indexOf(way.id) === -1) {
                keeping = true;
                return;
            }
            if (way.isArea() && (way.nodes[0] === nodeId)) {
                candidates.push({wayID: way.id, index: 0});
            } else {
                way.nodes.forEach(function(waynode, index) {
                    if (waynode === nodeId) {
                        candidates.push({wayID: way.id, index: index});
                    }
                });
            }
        });

        return keeping ? candidates : candidates.slice(1);
    };

    action.disabled = function(graph) {
        var connections = action.connections(graph);
        if (connections.length === 0 || (wayIds && wayIds.length !== connections.length))
            return 'not_connected';

        var parentWays = graph.parentWays(graph.entity(nodeId)),
            seenRelationIds = {},
            sharedRelation;

        parentWays.forEach(function(way) {
            if (wayIds && wayIds.indexOf(way.id) === -1)
                return;

            var relations = graph.parentRelations(way);
            relations.forEach(function(relation) {
                if (relation.id in seenRelationIds) {
                    sharedRelation = relation;
                } else {
                    seenRelationIds[relation.id] = true;
                }
            });
        });

        if (sharedRelation)
            return 'relation';
    };

    action.limitWays = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return wayIds;
        wayIds = _;
        return action;
    };

    return action;
};
// Join ways at the end node they share.
//
// This is the inverse of `iD.actions.Split`.
//
// Reference:
//   https://github.com/systemed/potlatch2/blob/master/net/systemeD/halcyon/connection/actions/MergeWaysAction.as
//   https://github.com/openstreetmap/josm/blob/mirror/src/org/openstreetmap/josm/actions/CombineWayAction.java
//
iD.actions.Join = function(ids) {

    function groupEntitiesByGeometry(graph) {
        var entities = ids.map(function(id) { return graph.entity(id); });
        return _.extend({line: []}, _.groupBy(entities, function(entity) { return entity.geometry(graph); }));
    }

    var action = function(graph) {
        var ways = ids.map(graph.entity, graph),
            survivor = ways[0];

        // Prefer to keep an existing way.
        for (var i = 0; i < ways.length; i++) {
            if (!ways[i].isNew()) {
                survivor = ways[i];
                break;
            }
        }

        var joined = iD.geo.joinWays(ways, graph)[0];

        survivor = survivor.update({nodes: _.map(joined.nodes, 'id')});
        graph = graph.replace(survivor);

        joined.forEach(function(way) {
            if (way.id === survivor.id)
                return;

            graph.parentRelations(way).forEach(function(parent) {
                graph = graph.replace(parent.replaceMember(way, survivor));
            });

            survivor = survivor.mergeTags(way.tags);

            graph = graph.replace(survivor);
            graph = iD.actions.DeleteWay(way.id)(graph);
        });

        return graph;
    };

    action.disabled = function(graph) {
        var geometries = groupEntitiesByGeometry(graph);
        if (ids.length < 2 || ids.length !== geometries.line.length)
            return 'not_eligible';

        var joined = iD.geo.joinWays(ids.map(graph.entity, graph), graph);
        if (joined.length > 1)
            return 'not_adjacent';

        var nodeIds = _.map(joined[0].nodes, 'id').slice(1, -1),
            relation,
            tags = {},
            conflicting = false;

        joined[0].forEach(function(way) {
            var parents = graph.parentRelations(way);
            parents.forEach(function(parent) {
                if (parent.isRestriction() && parent.members.some(function(m) { return nodeIds.indexOf(m.id) >= 0; }))
                    relation = parent;
            });

            for (var k in way.tags) {
                if (!(k in tags)) {
                    tags[k] = way.tags[k];
                } else if (tags[k] && iD.interestingTag(k) && tags[k] !== way.tags[k]) {
                    conflicting = true;
                }
            }
        });

        if (relation)
            return 'restriction';

        if (conflicting)
            return 'conflicting_tags';
    };

    return action;
};
iD.actions.Merge = function(ids) {
    function groupEntitiesByGeometry(graph) {
        var entities = ids.map(function(id) { return graph.entity(id); });
        return _.extend({point: [], area: [], line: [], relation: []},
            _.groupBy(entities, function(entity) { return entity.geometry(graph); }));
    }

    var action = function(graph) {
        var geometries = groupEntitiesByGeometry(graph),
            target = geometries.area[0] || geometries.line[0],
            points = geometries.point;

        points.forEach(function(point) {
            target = target.mergeTags(point.tags);

            graph.parentRelations(point).forEach(function(parent) {
                graph = graph.replace(parent.replaceMember(point, target));
            });

            graph = graph.remove(point);
        });

        graph = graph.replace(target);

        return graph;
    };

    action.disabled = function(graph) {
        var geometries = groupEntitiesByGeometry(graph);
        if (geometries.point.length === 0 ||
            (geometries.area.length + geometries.line.length) !== 1 ||
            geometries.relation.length !== 0)
            return 'not_eligible';
    };

    return action;
};
iD.actions.MergePolygon = function(ids, newRelationId) {

    function groupEntities(graph) {
        var entities = ids.map(function (id) { return graph.entity(id); });
        return _.extend({
                closedWay: [],
                multipolygon: [],
                other: []
            }, _.groupBy(entities, function(entity) {
                if (entity.type === 'way' && entity.isClosed()) {
                    return 'closedWay';
                } else if (entity.type === 'relation' && entity.isMultipolygon()) {
                    return 'multipolygon';
                } else {
                    return 'other';
                }
            }));
    }

    var action = function(graph) {
        var entities = groupEntities(graph);

        // An array representing all the polygons that are part of the multipolygon.
        //
        // Each element is itself an array of objects with an id property, and has a
        // locs property which is an array of the locations forming the polygon.
        var polygons = entities.multipolygon.reduce(function(polygons, m) {
            return polygons.concat(iD.geo.joinWays(m.members, graph));
        }, []).concat(entities.closedWay.map(function(d) {
            var member = [{id: d.id}];
            member.nodes = graph.childNodes(d);
            return member;
        }));

        // contained is an array of arrays of boolean values,
        // where contained[j][k] is true iff the jth way is
        // contained by the kth way.
        var contained = polygons.map(function(w, i) {
            return polygons.map(function(d, n) {
                if (i === n) return null;
                return iD.geo.polygonContainsPolygon(
                    _.map(d.nodes, 'loc'),
                    _.map(w.nodes, 'loc'));
            });
        });

        // Sort all polygons as either outer or inner ways
        var members = [],
            outer = true;

        while (polygons.length) {
            extractUncontained(polygons);
            polygons = polygons.filter(isContained);
            contained = contained.filter(isContained).map(filterContained);
        }

        function isContained(d, i) {
            return _.some(contained[i]);
        }

        function filterContained(d) {
            return d.filter(isContained);
        }

        function extractUncontained(polygons) {
            polygons.forEach(function(d, i) {
                if (!isContained(d, i)) {
                    d.forEach(function(member) {
                        members.push({
                            type: 'way',
                            id: member.id,
                            role: outer ? 'outer' : 'inner'
                        });
                    });
                }
            });
            outer = !outer;
        }

        // Move all tags to one relation
        var relation = entities.multipolygon[0] ||
            iD.Relation({ id: newRelationId, tags: { type: 'multipolygon' }});

        entities.multipolygon.slice(1).forEach(function(m) {
            relation = relation.mergeTags(m.tags);
            graph = graph.remove(m);
        });

        entities.closedWay.forEach(function(way) {
            function isThisOuter(m) {
                return m.id === way.id && m.role !== 'inner';
            }
            if (members.some(isThisOuter)) {
                relation = relation.mergeTags(way.tags);
                graph = graph.replace(way.update({ tags: {} }));
            }
        });

        return graph.replace(relation.update({
            members: members,
            tags: _.omit(relation.tags, 'area')
        }));
    };

    action.disabled = function(graph) {
        var entities = groupEntities(graph);
        if (entities.other.length > 0 ||
            entities.closedWay.length + entities.multipolygon.length < 2)
            return 'not_eligible';
        if (!entities.multipolygon.every(function(r) { return r.isComplete(graph); }))
            return 'incomplete_relation';
    };

    return action;
};
iD.actions.MergeRemoteChanges = function(id, localGraph, remoteGraph, formatUser) {
    var option = 'safe',  // 'safe', 'force_local', 'force_remote'
        conflicts = [];

    function user(d) {
        return _.isFunction(formatUser) ? formatUser(d) : d;
    }


    function mergeLocation(remote, target) {
        function pointEqual(a, b) {
            var epsilon = 1e-6;
            return (Math.abs(a[0] - b[0]) < epsilon) && (Math.abs(a[1] - b[1]) < epsilon);
        }

        if (option === 'force_local' || pointEqual(target.loc, remote.loc)) {
            return target;
        }
        if (option === 'force_remote') {
            return target.update({loc: remote.loc});
        }

        conflicts.push(t('merge_remote_changes.conflict.location', { user: user(remote.user) }));
        return target;
    }


    function mergeNodes(base, remote, target) {
        if (option === 'force_local' || _.isEqual(target.nodes, remote.nodes)) {
            return target;
        }
        if (option === 'force_remote') {
            return target.update({nodes: remote.nodes});
        }

        var ccount = conflicts.length,
            o = base.nodes || [],
            a = target.nodes || [],
            b = remote.nodes || [],
            nodes = [],
            hunks = Diff3.diff3_merge(a, o, b, true);

        for (var i = 0; i < hunks.length; i++) {
            var hunk = hunks[i];
            if (hunk.ok) {
                nodes.push.apply(nodes, hunk.ok);
            } else {
                // for all conflicts, we can assume c.a !== c.b
                // because `diff3_merge` called with `true` option to exclude false conflicts..
                var c = hunk.conflict;
                if (_.isEqual(c.o, c.a)) {  // only changed remotely
                    nodes.push.apply(nodes, c.b);
                } else if (_.isEqual(c.o, c.b)) {  // only changed locally
                    nodes.push.apply(nodes, c.a);
                } else {       // changed both locally and remotely
                    conflicts.push(t('merge_remote_changes.conflict.nodelist', { user: user(remote.user) }));
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        return (conflicts.length === ccount) ? target.update({nodes: nodes}) : target;
    }


    function mergeChildren(targetWay, children, updates, graph) {
        function isUsed(node, targetWay) {
            var parentWays = _.map(graph.parentWays(node), 'id');
            return node.hasInterestingTags() ||
                _.without(parentWays, targetWay.id).length > 0 ||
                graph.parentRelations(node).length > 0;
        }

        var ccount = conflicts.length;

        for (var i = 0; i < children.length; i++) {
            var id = children[i],
                node = graph.hasEntity(id);

            // remove unused childNodes..
            if (targetWay.nodes.indexOf(id) === -1) {
                if (node && !isUsed(node, targetWay)) {
                    updates.removeIds.push(id);
                }
                continue;
            }

            // restore used childNodes..
            var local = localGraph.hasEntity(id),
                remote = remoteGraph.hasEntity(id),
                target;

            if (option === 'force_remote' && remote && remote.visible) {
                updates.replacements.push(remote);

            } else if (option === 'force_local' && local) {
                target = iD.Entity(local);
                if (remote) {
                    target = target.update({ version: remote.version });
                }
                updates.replacements.push(target);

            } else if (option === 'safe' && local && remote && local.version !== remote.version) {
                target = iD.Entity(local, { version: remote.version });
                if (remote.visible) {
                    target = mergeLocation(remote, target);
                } else {
                    conflicts.push(t('merge_remote_changes.conflict.deleted', { user: user(remote.user) }));
                }

                if (conflicts.length !== ccount) break;
                updates.replacements.push(target);
            }
        }

        return targetWay;
    }


    function updateChildren(updates, graph) {
        for (var i = 0; i < updates.replacements.length; i++) {
            graph = graph.replace(updates.replacements[i]);
        }
        if (updates.removeIds.length) {
            graph = iD.actions.DeleteMultiple(updates.removeIds)(graph);
        }
        return graph;
    }


    function mergeMembers(remote, target) {
        if (option === 'force_local' || _.isEqual(target.members, remote.members)) {
            return target;
        }
        if (option === 'force_remote') {
            return target.update({members: remote.members});
        }

        conflicts.push(t('merge_remote_changes.conflict.memberlist', { user: user(remote.user) }));
        return target;
    }


    function mergeTags(base, remote, target) {
        function ignoreKey(k) {
            return _.includes(iD.data.discarded, k);
        }

        if (option === 'force_local' || _.isEqual(target.tags, remote.tags)) {
            return target;
        }
        if (option === 'force_remote') {
            return target.update({tags: remote.tags});
        }

        var ccount = conflicts.length,
            o = base.tags || {},
            a = target.tags || {},
            b = remote.tags || {},
            keys = _.reject(_.union(_.keys(o), _.keys(a), _.keys(b)), ignoreKey),
            tags = _.clone(a),
            changed = false;

        for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
            var k = keys[i];

            if (o[k] !== b[k] && a[k] !== b[k]) {    // changed remotely..
                if (o[k] !== a[k]) {      // changed locally..
                    conflicts.push(t('merge_remote_changes.conflict.tags',
                        { tag: k, local: a[k], remote: b[k], user: user(remote.user) }));

                } else {                  // unchanged locally, accept remote change..
                    if (b.hasOwnProperty(k)) {
                        tags[k] = b[k];
                    } else {
                        delete tags[k];
                    }
                    changed = true;
                }
            }
        }

        return (changed && conflicts.length === ccount) ? target.update({tags: tags}) : target;
    }


    //  `graph.base()` is the common ancestor of the two graphs.
    //  `localGraph` contains user's edits up to saving
    //  `remoteGraph` contains remote edits to modified nodes
    //  `graph` must be a descendent of `localGraph` and may include
    //      some conflict resolution actions performed on it.
    //
    //                  --- ... --- `localGraph` -- ... -- `graph`
    //                 /
    //  `graph.base()` --- ... --- `remoteGraph`
    //
    var action = function(graph) {
        var updates = { replacements: [], removeIds: [] },
            base = graph.base().entities[id],
            local = localGraph.entity(id),
            remote = remoteGraph.entity(id),
            target = iD.Entity(local, { version: remote.version });

        // delete/undelete
        if (!remote.visible) {
            if (option === 'force_remote') {
                return iD.actions.DeleteMultiple([id])(graph);

            } else if (option === 'force_local') {
                if (target.type === 'way') {
                    target = mergeChildren(target, _.uniq(local.nodes), updates, graph);
                    graph = updateChildren(updates, graph);
                }
                return graph.replace(target);

            } else {
                conflicts.push(t('merge_remote_changes.conflict.deleted', { user: user(remote.user) }));
                return graph;  // do nothing
            }
        }

        // merge
        if (target.type === 'node') {
            target = mergeLocation(remote, target);

        } else if (target.type === 'way') {
            // pull in any child nodes that may not be present locally..
            graph.rebase(remoteGraph.childNodes(remote), [graph], false);
            target = mergeNodes(base, remote, target);
            target = mergeChildren(target, _.union(local.nodes, remote.nodes), updates, graph);

        } else if (target.type === 'relation') {
            target = mergeMembers(remote, target);
        }

        target = mergeTags(base, remote, target);

        if (!conflicts.length) {
            graph = updateChildren(updates, graph).replace(target);
        }

        return graph;
    };

    action.withOption = function(opt) {
        option = opt;
        return action;
    };

    action.conflicts = function() {
        return conflicts;
    };

    return action;
};
// https://github.com/openstreetmap/josm/blob/mirror/src/org/openstreetmap/josm/command/MoveCommand.java
// https://github.com/openstreetmap/potlatch2/blob/master/net/systemeD/halcyon/connection/actions/MoveNodeAction.as
iD.actions.Move = function(moveIds, tryDelta, projection, cache) {
    var delta = tryDelta;

    function vecAdd(a, b) { return [a[0] + b[0], a[1] + b[1]]; }
    function vecSub(a, b) { return [a[0] - b[0], a[1] - b[1]]; }

    function setupCache(graph) {
        function canMove(nodeId) {
            var parents = _.map(graph.parentWays(graph.entity(nodeId)), 'id');
            if (parents.length < 3) return true;

            // Don't move a vertex where >2 ways meet, unless all parentWays are moving too..
            var parentsMoving = _.all(parents, function(id) { return cache.moving[id]; });
            if (!parentsMoving) delete cache.moving[nodeId];

            return parentsMoving;
        }

        function cacheEntities(ids) {
            _.each(ids, function(id) {
                if (cache.moving[id]) return;
                cache.moving[id] = true;

                var entity = graph.hasEntity(id);
                if (!entity) return;

                if (entity.type === 'node') {
                    cache.nodes.push(id);
                    cache.startLoc[id] = entity.loc;
                } else if (entity.type === 'way') {
                    cache.ways.push(id);
                    cacheEntities(entity.nodes);
                } else {
                    cacheEntities(_.map(entity.members, 'id'));
                }
            });
        }

        function cacheIntersections(ids) {
            function isEndpoint(way, id) { return !way.isClosed() && !!way.affix(id); }

            _.each(ids, function(id) {
                // consider only intersections with 1 moved and 1 unmoved way.
                _.each(graph.childNodes(graph.entity(id)), function(node) {
                    var parents = graph.parentWays(node);
                    if (parents.length !== 2) return;

                    var moved = graph.entity(id),
                        unmoved = _.find(parents, function(way) { return !cache.moving[way.id]; });
                    if (!unmoved) return;

                    // exclude ways that are overly connected..
                    if (_.intersection(moved.nodes, unmoved.nodes).length > 2) return;

                    if (moved.isArea() || unmoved.isArea()) return;

                    cache.intersection[node.id] = {
                        nodeId: node.id,
                        movedId: moved.id,
                        unmovedId: unmoved.id,
                        movedIsEP: isEndpoint(moved, node.id),
                        unmovedIsEP: isEndpoint(unmoved, node.id)
                    };
                });
            });
        }


        if (!cache) {
            cache = {};
        }
        if (!cache.ok) {
            cache.moving = {};
            cache.intersection = {};
            cache.replacedVertex = {};
            cache.startLoc = {};
            cache.nodes = [];
            cache.ways = [];

            cacheEntities(moveIds);
            cacheIntersections(cache.ways);
            cache.nodes = _.filter(cache.nodes, canMove);

            cache.ok = true;
        }
    }


    // Place a vertex where the moved vertex used to be, to preserve way shape..
    function replaceMovedVertex(nodeId, wayId, graph, delta) {
        var way = graph.entity(wayId),
            moved = graph.entity(nodeId),
            movedIndex = way.nodes.indexOf(nodeId),
            len, prevIndex, nextIndex;

        if (way.isClosed()) {
            len = way.nodes.length - 1;
            prevIndex = (movedIndex + len - 1) % len;
            nextIndex = (movedIndex + len + 1) % len;
        } else {
            len = way.nodes.length;
            prevIndex = movedIndex - 1;
            nextIndex = movedIndex + 1;
        }

        var prev = graph.hasEntity(way.nodes[prevIndex]),
            next = graph.hasEntity(way.nodes[nextIndex]);

        // Don't add orig vertex at endpoint..
        if (!prev || !next) return graph;

        var key = wayId + '_' + nodeId,
            orig = cache.replacedVertex[key];
        if (!orig) {
            orig = iD.Node();
            cache.replacedVertex[key] = orig;
            cache.startLoc[orig.id] = cache.startLoc[nodeId];
        }

        var start, end;
        if (delta) {
            start = projection(cache.startLoc[nodeId]);
            end = projection.invert(vecAdd(start, delta));
        } else {
            end = cache.startLoc[nodeId];
        }
        orig = orig.move(end);

        var angle = Math.abs(iD.geo.angle(orig, prev, projection) -
                iD.geo.angle(orig, next, projection)) * 180 / Math.PI;

        // Don't add orig vertex if it would just make a straight line..
        if (angle > 175 && angle < 185) return graph;

        // Don't add orig vertex if another point is already nearby (within 10m)
        if (iD.geo.sphericalDistance(prev.loc, orig.loc) < 10 ||
            iD.geo.sphericalDistance(orig.loc, next.loc) < 10) return graph;

        // moving forward or backward along way?
        var p1 = [prev.loc, orig.loc, moved.loc, next.loc].map(projection),
            p2 = [prev.loc, moved.loc, orig.loc, next.loc].map(projection),
            d1 = iD.geo.pathLength(p1),
            d2 = iD.geo.pathLength(p2),
            insertAt = (d1 < d2) ? movedIndex : nextIndex;

        // moving around closed loop?
        if (way.isClosed() && insertAt === 0) insertAt = len;

        way = way.addNode(orig.id, insertAt);
        return graph.replace(orig).replace(way);
    }

    // Reorder nodes around intersections that have moved..
    function unZorroIntersection(intersection, graph) {
        var vertex = graph.entity(intersection.nodeId),
            way1 = graph.entity(intersection.movedId),
            way2 = graph.entity(intersection.unmovedId),
            isEP1 = intersection.movedIsEP,
            isEP2 = intersection.unmovedIsEP;

        // don't move the vertex if it is the endpoint of both ways.
        if (isEP1 && isEP2) return graph;

        var nodes1 = _.without(graph.childNodes(way1), vertex),
            nodes2 = _.without(graph.childNodes(way2), vertex);

        if (way1.isClosed() && way1.first() === vertex.id) nodes1.push(nodes1[0]);
        if (way2.isClosed() && way2.first() === vertex.id) nodes2.push(nodes2[0]);

        var edge1 = !isEP1 && iD.geo.chooseEdge(nodes1, projection(vertex.loc), projection),
            edge2 = !isEP2 && iD.geo.chooseEdge(nodes2, projection(vertex.loc), projection),
            loc;

        // snap vertex to nearest edge (or some point between them)..
        if (!isEP1 && !isEP2) {
            var epsilon = 1e-4, maxIter = 10;
            for (var i = 0; i < maxIter; i++) {
                loc = iD.geo.interp(edge1.loc, edge2.loc, 0.5);
                edge1 = iD.geo.chooseEdge(nodes1, projection(loc), projection);
                edge2 = iD.geo.chooseEdge(nodes2, projection(loc), projection);
                if (Math.abs(edge1.distance - edge2.distance) < epsilon) break;
            }
        } else if (!isEP1) {
            loc = edge1.loc;
        } else {
            loc = edge2.loc;
        }

        graph = graph.replace(vertex.move(loc));

        // if zorro happened, reorder nodes..
        if (!isEP1 && edge1.index !== way1.nodes.indexOf(vertex.id)) {
            way1 = way1.removeNode(vertex.id).addNode(vertex.id, edge1.index);
            graph = graph.replace(way1);
        }
        if (!isEP2 && edge2.index !== way2.nodes.indexOf(vertex.id)) {
            way2 = way2.removeNode(vertex.id).addNode(vertex.id, edge2.index);
            graph = graph.replace(way2);
        }

        return graph;
    }


    function cleanupIntersections(graph) {
        _.each(cache.intersection, function(obj) {
            graph = replaceMovedVertex(obj.nodeId, obj.movedId, graph, delta);
            graph = replaceMovedVertex(obj.nodeId, obj.unmovedId, graph, null);
            graph = unZorroIntersection(obj, graph);
        });

        return graph;
    }

    // check if moving way endpoint can cross an unmoved way, if so limit delta..
    function limitDelta(graph) {
        _.each(cache.intersection, function(obj) {
            if (!obj.movedIsEP) return;

            var node = graph.entity(obj.nodeId),
                start = projection(node.loc),
                end = vecAdd(start, delta),
                movedNodes = graph.childNodes(graph.entity(obj.movedId)),
                movedPath = _.map(_.map(movedNodes, 'loc'),
                    function(loc) { return vecAdd(projection(loc), delta); }),
                unmovedNodes = graph.childNodes(graph.entity(obj.unmovedId)),
                unmovedPath = _.map(_.map(unmovedNodes, 'loc'), projection),
                hits = iD.geo.pathIntersections(movedPath, unmovedPath);

            for (var i = 0; i < hits.length; i++) {
                if (_.isEqual(hits[i], end)) continue;
                var edge = iD.geo.chooseEdge(unmovedNodes, end, projection);
                delta = vecSub(projection(edge.loc), start);
            }
        });
    }


    var action = function(graph) {
        if (delta[0] === 0 && delta[1] === 0) return graph;

        setupCache(graph);

        if (!_.isEmpty(cache.intersection)) {
            limitDelta(graph);
        }

        _.each(cache.nodes, function(id) {
            var node = graph.entity(id),
                start = projection(node.loc),
                end = vecAdd(start, delta);
            graph = graph.replace(node.move(projection.invert(end)));
        });

        if (!_.isEmpty(cache.intersection)) {
            graph = cleanupIntersections(graph);
        }

        return graph;
    };

    action.disabled = function(graph) {
        function incompleteRelation(id) {
            var entity = graph.entity(id);
            return entity.type === 'relation' && !entity.isComplete(graph);
        }

        if (_.some(moveIds, incompleteRelation))
            return 'incomplete_relation';
    };

    action.delta = function() {
        return delta;
    };

    return action;
};
// https://github.com/openstreetmap/josm/blob/mirror/src/org/openstreetmap/josm/command/MoveCommand.java
// https://github.com/openstreetmap/potlatch2/blob/master/net/systemeD/halcyon/connection/actions/MoveNodeAction.as
iD.actions.MoveNode = function(nodeId, loc) {
    return function(graph) {
        return graph.replace(graph.entity(nodeId).move(loc));
    };
};
iD.actions.Noop = function() {
    return function(graph) {
        return graph;
    };
};
/*
 * Based on https://github.com/openstreetmap/potlatch2/blob/master/net/systemeD/potlatch2/tools/Quadrilateralise.as
 */

iD.actions.Orthogonalize = function(wayId, projection) {
    var threshold = 12, // degrees within right or straight to alter
        lowerThreshold = Math.cos((90 - threshold) * Math.PI / 180),
        upperThreshold = Math.cos(threshold * Math.PI / 180);

    var action = function(graph) {
        var way = graph.entity(wayId),
            nodes = graph.childNodes(way),
            points = _.uniq(nodes).map(function(n) { return projection(n.loc); }),
            corner = {i: 0, dotp: 1},
            epsilon = 1e-4,
            i, j, score, motions;

        if (nodes.length === 4) {
            for (i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
                motions = points.map(calcMotion);
                points[corner.i] = addPoints(points[corner.i],motions[corner.i]);
                score = corner.dotp;
                if (score < epsilon) {
                    break;
                }
            }

            graph = graph.replace(graph.entity(nodes[corner.i].id)
                .move(projection.invert(points[corner.i])));
        } else {
            var best,
                originalPoints = _.clone(points);
            score = Infinity;

            for (i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
                motions = points.map(calcMotion);
                for (j = 0; j < motions.length; j++) {
                    points[j] = addPoints(points[j],motions[j]);
                }
                var newScore = squareness(points);
                if (newScore < score) {
                    best = _.clone(points);
                    score = newScore;
                }
                if (score < epsilon) {
                    break;
                }
            }

            points = best;

            for (i = 0; i < points.length; i++) {
                // only move the points that actually moved
                if (originalPoints[i][0] !== points[i][0] || originalPoints[i][1] !== points[i][1]) {
                    graph = graph.replace(graph.entity(nodes[i].id)
                        .move(projection.invert(points[i])));
                }
            }

            // remove empty nodes on straight sections
            for (i = 0; i < points.length; i++) {
                var node = nodes[i];

                if (graph.parentWays(node).length > 1 ||
                    graph.parentRelations(node).length ||
                    node.hasInterestingTags()) {

                    continue;
                }

                var dotp = normalizedDotProduct(i, points);
                if (dotp < -1 + epsilon) {
                    graph = iD.actions.DeleteNode(nodes[i].id)(graph);
                }
            }
        }

        return graph;

        function calcMotion(b, i, array) {
            var a = array[(i - 1 + array.length) % array.length],
                c = array[(i + 1) % array.length],
                p = subtractPoints(a, b),
                q = subtractPoints(c, b),
                scale, dotp;

            scale = 2 * Math.min(iD.geo.euclideanDistance(p, [0, 0]), iD.geo.euclideanDistance(q, [0, 0]));
            p = normalizePoint(p, 1.0);
            q = normalizePoint(q, 1.0);

            dotp = filterDotProduct(p[0] * q[0] + p[1] * q[1]);

            // nasty hack to deal with almost-straight segments (angle is closer to 180 than to 90/270).
            if (array.length > 3) {
                if (dotp < -0.707106781186547) {
                    dotp += 1.0;
                }
            } else if (dotp && Math.abs(dotp) < corner.dotp) {
                corner.i = i;
                corner.dotp = Math.abs(dotp);
            }

            return normalizePoint(addPoints(p, q), 0.1 * dotp * scale);
        }
    };

    function squareness(points) {
        return points.reduce(function(sum, val, i, array) {
            var dotp = normalizedDotProduct(i, array);

            dotp = filterDotProduct(dotp);
            return sum + 2.0 * Math.min(Math.abs(dotp - 1.0), Math.min(Math.abs(dotp), Math.abs(dotp + 1)));
        }, 0);
    }

    function normalizedDotProduct(i, points) {
        var a = points[(i - 1 + points.length) % points.length],
            b = points[i],
            c = points[(i + 1) % points.length],
            p = subtractPoints(a, b),
            q = subtractPoints(c, b);

        p = normalizePoint(p, 1.0);
        q = normalizePoint(q, 1.0);

        return p[0] * q[0] + p[1] * q[1];
    }

    function subtractPoints(a, b) {
        return [a[0] - b[0], a[1] - b[1]];
    }

    function addPoints(a, b) {
        return [a[0] + b[0], a[1] + b[1]];
    }

    function normalizePoint(point, scale) {
        var vector = [0, 0];
        var length = Math.sqrt(point[0] * point[0] + point[1] * point[1]);
        if (length !== 0) {
            vector[0] = point[0] / length;
            vector[1] = point[1] / length;
        }

        vector[0] *= scale;
        vector[1] *= scale;

        return vector;
    }

    function filterDotProduct(dotp) {
        if (lowerThreshold > Math.abs(dotp) || Math.abs(dotp) > upperThreshold) {
            return dotp;
        }

        return 0;
    }

    action.disabled = function(graph) {
        var way = graph.entity(wayId),
            nodes = graph.childNodes(way),
            points = _.uniq(nodes).map(function(n) { return projection(n.loc); });

        if (squareness(points)) {
            return false;
        }

        return 'not_squarish';
    };

    return action;
};
// Create a restriction relation for `turn`, which must have the following structure:
//
//     {
//         from: { node: <node ID>, way: <way ID> },
//         via:  { node: <node ID> },
//         to:   { node: <node ID>, way: <way ID> },
//         restriction: <'no_right_turn', 'no_left_turn', etc.>
//     }
//
// This specifies a restriction of type `restriction` when traveling from
// `from.node` in `from.way` toward `to.node` in `to.way` via `via.node`.
// (The action does not check that these entities form a valid intersection.)
//
// If `restriction` is not provided, it is automatically determined by
// iD.geo.inferRestriction.
//
// If necessary, the `from` and `to` ways are split. In these cases, `from.node`
// and `to.node` are used to determine which portion of the split ways become
// members of the restriction.
//
// For testing convenience, accepts an ID to assign to the new relation.
// Normally, this will be undefined and the relation will automatically
// be assigned a new ID.
//
iD.actions.RestrictTurn = function(turn, projection, restrictionId) {
    return function(graph) {
        var from = graph.entity(turn.from.way),
            via  = graph.entity(turn.via.node),
            to   = graph.entity(turn.to.way);

        function isClosingNode(way, nodeId) {
            return nodeId === way.first() && nodeId === way.last();
        }

        function split(toOrFrom) {
            var newID = toOrFrom.newID || iD.Way().id;
            graph = iD.actions.Split(via.id, [newID])
                .limitWays([toOrFrom.way])(graph);

            var a = graph.entity(newID),
                b = graph.entity(toOrFrom.way);

            if (a.nodes.indexOf(toOrFrom.node) !== -1) {
                return [a, b];
            } else {
                return [b, a];
            }
        }

        if (!from.affix(via.id) || isClosingNode(from, via.id)) {
            if (turn.from.node === turn.to.node) {
                // U-turn
                from = to = split(turn.from)[0];
            } else if (turn.from.way === turn.to.way) {
                // Straight-on or circular
                var s = split(turn.from);
                from = s[0];
                to   = s[1];
            } else {
                // Other
                from = split(turn.from)[0];
            }
        }

        if (!to.affix(via.id) || isClosingNode(to, via.id)) {
            to = split(turn.to)[0];
        }

        return graph.replace(iD.Relation({
            id: restrictionId,
            tags: {
                type: 'restriction',
                restriction: turn.restriction ||
                    iD.geo.inferRestriction(
                        graph,
                        turn.from,
                        turn.via,
                        turn.to,
                        projection)
            },
            members: [
                {id: from.id, type: 'way',  role: 'from'},
                {id: via.id,  type: 'node', role: 'via'},
                {id: to.id,   type: 'way',  role: 'to'}
            ]
        }));
    };
};
/*
  Order the nodes of a way in reverse order and reverse any direction dependent tags
  other than `oneway`. (We assume that correcting a backwards oneway is the primary
  reason for reversing a way.)

  The following transforms are performed:

    Keys:
          *:right=* ⟺ *:left=*
        *:forward=* ⟺ *:backward=*
       direction=up ⟺ direction=down
         incline=up ⟺ incline=down
            *=right ⟺ *=left

    Relation members:
       role=forward ⟺ role=backward
         role=north ⟺ role=south
          role=east ⟺ role=west

   In addition, numeric-valued `incline` tags are negated.

   The JOSM implementation was used as a guide, but transformations that were of unclear benefit
   or adjusted tags that don't seem to be used in practice were omitted.

   References:
      http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Forward_%26_backward,_left_%26_right
      http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Key:direction#Steps
      http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Key:incline
      http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Route#Members
      http://josm.openstreetmap.de/browser/josm/trunk/src/org/openstreetmap/josm/corrector/ReverseWayTagCorrector.java
 */
iD.actions.Reverse = function(wayId, options) {
    var replacements = [
            [/:right$/, ':left'], [/:left$/, ':right'],
            [/:forward$/, ':backward'], [/:backward$/, ':forward']
        ],
        numeric = /^([+\-]?)(?=[\d.])/,
        roleReversals = {
            forward: 'backward',
            backward: 'forward',
            north: 'south',
            south: 'north',
            east: 'west',
            west: 'east'
        };

    function reverseKey(key) {
        for (var i = 0; i < replacements.length; ++i) {
            var replacement = replacements[i];
            if (replacement[0].test(key)) {
                return key.replace(replacement[0], replacement[1]);
            }
        }
        return key;
    }

    function reverseValue(key, value) {
        if (key === 'incline' && numeric.test(value)) {
            return value.replace(numeric, function(_, sign) { return sign === '-' ? '' : '-'; });
        } else if (key === 'incline' || key === 'direction') {
            return {up: 'down', down: 'up'}[value] || value;
        } else if (options && options.reverseOneway && key === 'oneway') {
            return {yes: '-1', '1': '-1', '-1': 'yes'}[value] || value;
        } else {
            return {left: 'right', right: 'left'}[value] || value;
        }
    }

    return function(graph) {
        var way = graph.entity(wayId),
            nodes = way.nodes.slice().reverse(),
            tags = {}, key, role;

        for (key in way.tags) {
            tags[reverseKey(key)] = reverseValue(key, way.tags[key]);
        }

        graph.parentRelations(way).forEach(function(relation) {
            relation.members.forEach(function(member, index) {
                if (member.id === way.id && (role = roleReversals[member.role])) {
                    relation = relation.updateMember({role: role}, index);
                    graph = graph.replace(relation);
                }
            });
        });

        return graph.replace(way.update({nodes: nodes, tags: tags}));
    };
};
iD.actions.Revert = function(id) {

    var action = function(graph) {
        var entity = graph.hasEntity(id),
            base = graph.base().entities[id];

        if (entity && !base) {    // entity will be removed..
            if (entity.type === 'node') {
                graph.parentWays(entity)
                    .forEach(function(parent) {
                        parent = parent.removeNode(id);
                        graph = graph.replace(parent);

                        if (parent.isDegenerate()) {
                            graph = iD.actions.DeleteWay(parent.id)(graph);
                        }
                    });
            }

            graph.parentRelations(entity)
                .forEach(function(parent) {
                    parent = parent.removeMembersWithID(id);
                    graph = graph.replace(parent);

                    if (parent.isDegenerate()) {
                        graph = iD.actions.DeleteRelation(parent.id)(graph);
                    }
                });
        }

        return graph.revert(id);
    };

    return action;
};
iD.actions.RotateWay = function(wayId, pivot, angle, projection) {
    return function(graph) {
        return graph.update(function(graph) {
            var way = graph.entity(wayId);

            _.uniq(way.nodes).forEach(function(id) {

                var node = graph.entity(id),
                    point = projection(node.loc),
                    radial = [0,0];

                radial[0] = point[0] - pivot[0];
                radial[1] = point[1] - pivot[1];

                point = [
                    radial[0] * Math.cos(angle) - radial[1] * Math.sin(angle) + pivot[0],
                    radial[0] * Math.sin(angle) + radial[1] * Math.cos(angle) + pivot[1]
                ];

                graph = graph.replace(node.move(projection.invert(point)));

            });

        });
    };
};
// Split a way at the given node.
//
// Optionally, split only the given ways, if multiple ways share
// the given node.
//
// This is the inverse of `iD.actions.Join`.
//
// For testing convenience, accepts an ID to assign to the new way.
// Normally, this will be undefined and the way will automatically
// be assigned a new ID.
//
// Reference:
//   https://github.com/systemed/potlatch2/blob/master/net/systemeD/halcyon/connection/actions/SplitWayAction.as
//
iD.actions.Split = function(nodeId, newWayIds) {
    var wayIds;

    // if the way is closed, we need to search for a partner node
    // to split the way at.
    //
    // The following looks for a node that is both far away from
    // the initial node in terms of way segment length and nearby
    // in terms of beeline-distance. This assures that areas get
    // split on the most "natural" points (independent of the number
    // of nodes).
    // For example: bone-shaped areas get split across their waist
    // line, circles across the diameter.
    function splitArea(nodes, idxA, graph) {
        var lengths = new Array(nodes.length),
            length,
            i,
            best = 0,
            idxB;

        function wrap(index) {
            return iD.util.wrap(index, nodes.length);
        }

        function dist(nA, nB) {
            return iD.geo.sphericalDistance(graph.entity(nA).loc, graph.entity(nB).loc);
        }

        // calculate lengths
        length = 0;
        for (i = wrap(idxA+1); i !== idxA; i = wrap(i+1)) {
            length += dist(nodes[i], nodes[wrap(i-1)]);
            lengths[i] = length;
        }

        length = 0;
        for (i = wrap(idxA-1); i !== idxA; i = wrap(i-1)) {
            length += dist(nodes[i], nodes[wrap(i+1)]);
            if (length < lengths[i])
                lengths[i] = length;
        }

        // determine best opposite node to split
        for (i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) {
            var cost = lengths[i] / dist(nodes[idxA], nodes[i]);
            if (cost > best) {
                idxB = i;
                best = cost;
            }
        }

        return idxB;
    }

    function split(graph, wayA, newWayId) {
        var wayB = iD.Way({id: newWayId, tags: wayA.tags}),
            nodesA,
            nodesB,
            isArea = wayA.isArea(),
            isOuter = iD.geo.isSimpleMultipolygonOuterMember(wayA, graph);

        if (wayA.isClosed()) {
            var nodes = wayA.nodes.slice(0, -1),
                idxA = _.indexOf(nodes, nodeId),
                idxB = splitArea(nodes, idxA, graph);

            if (idxB < idxA) {
                nodesA = nodes.slice(idxA).concat(nodes.slice(0, idxB + 1));
                nodesB = nodes.slice(idxB, idxA + 1);
            } else {
                nodesA = nodes.slice(idxA, idxB + 1);
                nodesB = nodes.slice(idxB).concat(nodes.slice(0, idxA + 1));
            }
        } else {
            var idx = _.indexOf(wayA.nodes, nodeId, 1);
            nodesA = wayA.nodes.slice(0, idx + 1);
            nodesB = wayA.nodes.slice(idx);
        }

        wayA = wayA.update({nodes: nodesA});
        wayB = wayB.update({nodes: nodesB});

        graph = graph.replace(wayA);
        graph = graph.replace(wayB);

        graph.parentRelations(wayA).forEach(function(relation) {
            if (relation.isRestriction()) {
                var via = relation.memberByRole('via');
                if (via && wayB.contains(via.id)) {
                    relation = relation.updateMember({id: wayB.id}, relation.memberById(wayA.id).index);
                    graph = graph.replace(relation);
                }
            } else {
                if (relation === isOuter) {
                    graph = graph.replace(relation.mergeTags(wayA.tags));
                    graph = graph.replace(wayA.update({tags: {}}));
                    graph = graph.replace(wayB.update({tags: {}}));
                }

                var member = {
                    id: wayB.id,
                    type: 'way',
                    role: relation.memberById(wayA.id).role
                };

                graph = iD.actions.AddMember(relation.id, member)(graph);
            }
        });

        if (!isOuter && isArea) {
            var multipolygon = iD.Relation({
                tags: _.extend({}, wayA.tags, {type: 'multipolygon'}),
                members: [
                    {id: wayA.id, role: 'outer', type: 'way'},
                    {id: wayB.id, role: 'outer', type: 'way'}
                ]});

            graph = graph.replace(multipolygon);
            graph = graph.replace(wayA.update({tags: {}}));
            graph = graph.replace(wayB.update({tags: {}}));
        }

        return graph;
    }

    var action = function(graph) {
        var candidates = action.ways(graph);
        for (var i = 0; i < candidates.length; i++) {
            graph = split(graph, candidates[i], newWayIds && newWayIds[i]);
        }
        return graph;
    };

    action.ways = function(graph) {
        var node = graph.entity(nodeId),
            parents = graph.parentWays(node),
            hasLines = _.some(parents, function(parent) { return parent.geometry(graph) === 'line'; });

        return parents.filter(function(parent) {
            if (wayIds && wayIds.indexOf(parent.id) === -1)
                return false;

            if (!wayIds && hasLines && parent.geometry(graph) !== 'line')
                return false;

            if (parent.isClosed()) {
                return true;
            }

            for (var i = 1; i < parent.nodes.length - 1; i++) {
                if (parent.nodes[i] === nodeId) {
                    return true;
                }
            }

            return false;
        });
    };

    action.disabled = function(graph) {
        var candidates = action.ways(graph);
        if (candidates.length === 0 || (wayIds && wayIds.length !== candidates.length))
            return 'not_eligible';
    };

    action.limitWays = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return wayIds;
        wayIds = _;
        return action;
    };

    return action;
};
/*
 * Based on https://github.com/openstreetmap/potlatch2/net/systemeD/potlatch2/tools/Straighten.as
 */

iD.actions.Straighten = function(wayId, projection) {
    function positionAlongWay(n, s, e) {
        return ((n[0] - s[0]) * (e[0] - s[0]) + (n[1] - s[1]) * (e[1] - s[1]))/
                (Math.pow(e[0] - s[0], 2) + Math.pow(e[1] - s[1], 2));
    }

    var action = function(graph) {
        var way = graph.entity(wayId),
            nodes = graph.childNodes(way),
            points = nodes.map(function(n) { return projection(n.loc); }),
            startPoint = points[0],
            endPoint = points[points.length-1],
            toDelete = [],
            i;

        for (i = 1; i < points.length-1; i++) {
            var node = nodes[i],
                point = points[i];

            if (graph.parentWays(node).length > 1 ||
                graph.parentRelations(node).length ||
                node.hasInterestingTags()) {

                var u = positionAlongWay(point, startPoint, endPoint),
                    p0 = startPoint[0] + u * (endPoint[0] - startPoint[0]),
                    p1 = startPoint[1] + u * (endPoint[1] - startPoint[1]);

                graph = graph.replace(graph.entity(node.id)
                    .move(projection.invert([p0, p1])));
            } else {
                // safe to delete
                if (toDelete.indexOf(node) === -1) {
                    toDelete.push(node);
                }
            }
        }

        for (i = 0; i < toDelete.length; i++) {
            graph = iD.actions.DeleteNode(toDelete[i].id)(graph);
        }

        return graph;
    };

    action.disabled = function(graph) {
        // check way isn't too bendy
        var way = graph.entity(wayId),
            nodes = graph.childNodes(way),
            points = nodes.map(function(n) { return projection(n.loc); }),
            startPoint = points[0],
            endPoint = points[points.length-1],
            threshold = 0.2 * Math.sqrt(Math.pow(startPoint[0] - endPoint[0], 2) + Math.pow(startPoint[1] - endPoint[1], 2)),
            i;

        if (threshold === 0) {
            return 'too_bendy';
        }

        for (i = 1; i < points.length-1; i++) {
            var point = points[i],
                u = positionAlongWay(point, startPoint, endPoint),
                p0 = startPoint[0] + u * (endPoint[0] - startPoint[0]),
                p1 = startPoint[1] + u * (endPoint[1] - startPoint[1]),
                dist = Math.sqrt(Math.pow(p0 - point[0], 2) + Math.pow(p1 - point[1], 2));

            // to bendy if point is off by 20% of total start/end distance in projected space
            if (isNaN(dist) || dist > threshold) {
                return 'too_bendy';
            }
        }
    };

    return action;
};
// Remove the effects of `turn.restriction` on `turn`, which must have the
// following structure:
//
//     {
//         from: { node: <node ID>, way: <way ID> },
//         via:  { node: <node ID> },
//         to:   { node: <node ID>, way: <way ID> },
//         restriction: <relation ID>
//     }
//
// In the simple case, `restriction` is a reference to a `no_*` restriction
// on the turn itself. In this case, it is simply deleted.
//
// The more complex case is where `restriction` references an `only_*`
// restriction on a different turn in the same intersection. In that case,
// that restriction is also deleted, but at the same time restrictions on
// the turns other than the first two are created.
//
iD.actions.UnrestrictTurn = function(turn) {
    return function(graph) {
        return iD.actions.DeleteRelation(turn.restriction)(graph);
    };
};
iD.behavior = {};
iD.behavior.AddWay = function(context) {
    var event = d3.dispatch('start', 'startFromWay', 'startFromNode'),
        draw = iD.behavior.Draw(context);

    var addWay = function(surface) {
        draw.on('click', event.start)
            .on('clickWay', event.startFromWay)
            .on('clickNode', event.startFromNode)
            .on('cancel', addWay.cancel)
            .on('finish', addWay.cancel);

        context.map()
            .dblclickEnable(false);

        surface.call(draw);
    };

    addWay.off = function(surface) {
        surface.call(draw.off);
    };

    addWay.cancel = function() {
        window.setTimeout(function() {
            context.map().dblclickEnable(true);
        }, 1000);

        context.enter(iD.modes.Browse(context));
    };

    addWay.tail = function(text) {
        draw.tail(text);
        return addWay;
    };

    return d3.rebind(addWay, event, 'on');
};
iD.behavior.Breathe = function() {
    var duration = 800,
        selector = '.selected.shadow, .selected .shadow',
        selected = d3.select(null),
        classed = '',
        params = {},
        done;

    function reset(selection) {
        selection
            .style('stroke-opacity', null)
            .style('stroke-width', null)
            .style('fill-opacity', null)
            .style('r', null);
    }

    function setAnimationParams(transition, fromTo) {
        transition
            .style('stroke-opacity', function(d) { return params[d.id][fromTo].opacity; })
            .style('stroke-width', function(d) { return params[d.id][fromTo].width; })
            .style('fill-opacity', function(d) { return params[d.id][fromTo].opacity; })
            .style('r', function(d) { return params[d.id][fromTo].width; });
    }

    function calcAnimationParams(selection) {
        selection
            .call(reset)
            .each(function(d) {
                var s = d3.select(this),
                    tag = s.node().tagName,
                    p = {'from': {}, 'to': {}},
                    opacity, width;

                // determine base opacity and width
                if (tag === 'circle') {
                    opacity = parseFloat(s.style('fill-opacity') || 0.5);
                    width = parseFloat(s.style('r') || 15.5);
                } else {
                    opacity = parseFloat(s.style('stroke-opacity') || 0.7);
                    width = parseFloat(s.style('stroke-width') || 10);
                }

                // calculate from/to interpolation params..
                p.tag = tag;
                p.from.opacity = opacity * 0.6;
                p.to.opacity = opacity * 1.25;
                p.from.width = width * 0.9;
                p.to.width = width * (tag === 'circle' ? 1.5 : 1.25);
                params[d.id] = p;
            });
    }

    function run(surface, fromTo) {
        var toFrom = (fromTo === 'from' ? 'to': 'from'),
            currSelected = surface.selectAll(selector),
            currClassed = surface.attr('class'),
            n = 0;

        if (done || currSelected.empty()) {
            selected.call(reset);
            return;
        }

        if (!_.isEqual(currSelected, selected) || currClassed !== classed) {
            selected.call(reset);
            classed = currClassed;
            selected = currSelected.call(calcAnimationParams);
        }

        selected
            .transition()
            .call(setAnimationParams, fromTo)
            .duration(duration)
            .each(function() { ++n; })
            .each('end', function() {
                if (!--n) {  // call once
                    surface.call(run, toFrom);
                }
            });
    }

    var breathe = function(surface) {
        done = false;
        d3.timer(function() {
            if (done) return true;

            var currSelected = surface.selectAll(selector);
            if (currSelected.empty()) return false;

            surface.call(run, 'from');
            return true;
        }, 200);
    };

    breathe.off = function() {
        done = true;
        d3.timer.flush();
        selected
            .transition()
            .call(reset)
            .duration(0);
    };

    return breathe;
};
iD.behavior.Copy = function(context) {
    var keybinding = d3.keybinding('copy');

    function groupEntities(ids, graph) {
        var entities = ids.map(function (id) { return graph.entity(id); });
        return _.extend({relation: [], way: [], node: []},
            _.groupBy(entities, function(entity) { return entity.type; }));
    }

    function getDescendants(id, graph, descendants) {
        var entity = graph.entity(id),
            i, children;

        descendants = descendants || {};

        if (entity.type === 'relation') {
            children = _.map(entity.members, 'id');
        } else if (entity.type === 'way') {
            children = entity.nodes;
        } else {
            children = [];
        }

        for (i = 0; i < children.length; i++) {
            if (!descendants[children[i]]) {
                descendants[children[i]] = true;
                descendants = getDescendants(children[i], graph, descendants);
            }
        }

        return descendants;
    }

    function doCopy() {
        d3.event.preventDefault();
        if (context.inIntro()) return;

        var graph = context.graph(),
            selected = groupEntities(context.selectedIDs(), graph),
            canCopy = [],
            skip = {},
            i, entity;

        for (i = 0; i < selected.relation.length; i++) {
            entity = selected.relation[i];
            if (!skip[entity.id] && entity.isComplete(graph)) {
                canCopy.push(entity.id);
                skip = getDescendants(entity.id, graph, skip);
            }
        }
        for (i = 0; i < selected.way.length; i++) {
            entity = selected.way[i];
            if (!skip[entity.id]) {
                canCopy.push(entity.id);
                skip = getDescendants(entity.id, graph, skip);
            }
        }
        for (i = 0; i < selected.node.length; i++) {
            entity = selected.node[i];
            if (!skip[entity.id]) {
                canCopy.push(entity.id);
            }
        }

        context.copyIDs(canCopy);
    }

    function copy() {
        keybinding.on(iD.ui.cmd('⌘C'), doCopy);
        d3.select(document).call(keybinding);
        return copy;
    }

    copy.off = function() {
        d3.select(document).call(keybinding.off);
    };

    return copy;
};
/*
    `iD.behavior.drag` is like `d3.behavior.drag`, with the following differences:

    * The `origin` function is expected to return an [x, y] tuple rather than an
      {x, y} object.
    * The events are `start`, `move`, and `end`.
      (https://github.com/mbostock/d3/issues/563)
    * The `start` event is not dispatched until the first cursor movement occurs.
      (https://github.com/mbostock/d3/pull/368)
    * The `move` event has a `point` and `delta` [x, y] tuple properties rather
      than `x`, `y`, `dx`, and `dy` properties.
    * The `end` event is not dispatched if no movement occurs.
    * An `off` function is available that unbinds the drag's internal event handlers.
    * Delegation is supported via the `delegate` function.

 */
iD.behavior.drag = function() {
    function d3_eventCancel() {
      d3.event.stopPropagation();
      d3.event.preventDefault();
    }

    var event = d3.dispatch('start', 'move', 'end'),
        origin = null,
        selector = '',
        filter = null,
        event_, target, surface;

    event.of = function(thiz, argumentz) {
      return function(e1) {
        var e0 = e1.sourceEvent = d3.event;
        e1.target = drag;
        d3.event = e1;
        try {
          event[e1.type].apply(thiz, argumentz);
        } finally {
          d3.event = e0;
        }
      };
    };

    var d3_event_userSelectProperty = iD.util.prefixCSSProperty('UserSelect'),
        d3_event_userSelectSuppress = d3_event_userSelectProperty ?
            function () {
                var selection = d3.selection(),
                    select = selection.style(d3_event_userSelectProperty);
                selection.style(d3_event_userSelectProperty, 'none');
                return function () {
                    selection.style(d3_event_userSelectProperty, select);
                };
            } :
            function (type) {
                var w = d3.select(window).on('selectstart.' + type, d3_eventCancel);
                return function () {
                    w.on('selectstart.' + type, null);
                };
            };

    function mousedown() {
        target = this;
        event_ = event.of(target, arguments);
        var eventTarget = d3.event.target,
            touchId = d3.event.touches ? d3.event.changedTouches[0].identifier : null,
            offset,
            origin_ = point(),
            started = false,
            selectEnable = d3_event_userSelectSuppress(touchId !== null ? 'drag-' + touchId : 'drag');

        var w = d3.select(window)
            .on(touchId !== null ? 'touchmove.drag-' + touchId : 'mousemove.drag', dragmove)
            .on(touchId !== null ? 'touchend.drag-' + touchId : 'mouseup.drag', dragend, true);

        if (origin) {
            offset = origin.apply(target, arguments);
            offset = [offset[0] - origin_[0], offset[1] - origin_[1]];
        } else {
            offset = [0, 0];
        }

        if (touchId === null) d3.event.stopPropagation();

        function point() {
            var p = target.parentNode || surface;
            return touchId !== null ? d3.touches(p).filter(function(p) {
                return p.identifier === touchId;
            })[0] : d3.mouse(p);
        }

        function dragmove() {

            var p = point(),
                dx = p[0] - origin_[0],
                dy = p[1] - origin_[1];
            
            if (dx === 0 && dy === 0)
                return;

            if (!started) {
                started = true;
                event_({
                    type: 'start'
                });
            }

            origin_ = p;
            d3_eventCancel();

            event_({
                type: 'move',
                point: [p[0] + offset[0],  p[1] + offset[1]],
                delta: [dx, dy]
            });
        }

        function dragend() {
            if (started) {
                event_({
                    type: 'end'
                });

                d3_eventCancel();
                if (d3.event.target === eventTarget) w.on('click.drag', click, true);
            }

            w.on(touchId !== null ? 'touchmove.drag-' + touchId : 'mousemove.drag', null)
                .on(touchId !== null ? 'touchend.drag-' + touchId : 'mouseup.drag', null);
            selectEnable();
        }

        function click() {
            d3_eventCancel();
            w.on('click.drag', null);
        }
    }

    function drag(selection) {
        var matchesSelector = iD.util.prefixDOMProperty('matchesSelector'),
            delegate = mousedown;

        if (selector) {
            delegate = function() {
                var root = this,
                    target = d3.event.target;
                for (; target && target !== root; target = target.parentNode) {
                    if (target[matchesSelector](selector) &&
                            (!filter || filter(target.__data__))) {
                        return mousedown.call(target, target.__data__);
                    }
                }
            };
        }

        selection.on('mousedown.drag' + selector, delegate)
            .on('touchstart.drag' + selector, delegate);
    }

    drag.off = function(selection) {
        selection.on('mousedown.drag' + selector, null)
            .on('touchstart.drag' + selector, null);
    };

    drag.delegate = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return selector;
        selector = _;
        return drag;
    };

    drag.filter = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return origin;
        filter = _;
        return drag;
    };

    drag.origin = function (_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return origin;
        origin = _;
        return drag;
    };

    drag.cancel = function() {
        d3.select(window)
            .on('mousemove.drag', null)
            .on('mouseup.drag', null);
        return drag;
    };

    drag.target = function() {
        if (!arguments.length) return target;
        target = arguments[0];
        event_ = event.of(target, Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1));
        return drag;
    };

    drag.surface = function() {
        if (!arguments.length) return surface;
        surface = arguments[0];
        return drag;
    };

    return d3.rebind(drag, event, 'on');
};
iD.behavior.Draw = function(context) {
    var event = d3.dispatch('move', 'click', 'clickWay',
            'clickNode', 'undo', 'cancel', 'finish'),
        keybinding = d3.keybinding('draw'),
        hover = iD.behavior.Hover(context)
            .altDisables(true)
            .on('hover', context.ui().sidebar.hover),
        tail = iD.behavior.Tail(),
        edit = iD.behavior.Edit(context),
        closeTolerance = 4,
        tolerance = 12,
        mouseLeave = false,
        lastMouse = null,
        cached = iD.behavior.Draw;

    function datum() {
        if (d3.event.altKey) return {};

        if (d3.event.type === 'keydown') {
            return (lastMouse && lastMouse.target.__data__) || {};
        } else {
            return d3.event.target.__data__ || {};
        }
    }

    function mousedown() {

        function point() {
            var p = context.container().node();
            return touchId !== null ? d3.touches(p).filter(function(p) {
                return p.identifier === touchId;
            })[0] : d3.mouse(p);
        }

        var element = d3.select(this),
            touchId = d3.event.touches ? d3.event.changedTouches[0].identifier : null,
            t1 = +new Date(),
            p1 = point();

        element.on('mousemove.draw', null);

        d3.select(window).on('mouseup.draw', function() {
            var t2 = +new Date(),
                p2 = point(),
                dist = iD.geo.euclideanDistance(p1, p2);

            element.on('mousemove.draw', mousemove);
            d3.select(window).on('mouseup.draw', null);

            if (dist < closeTolerance || (dist < tolerance && (t2 - t1) < 500)) {
                // Prevent a quick second click
                d3.select(window).on('click.draw-block', function() {
                    d3.event.stopPropagation();
                }, true);

                context.map().dblclickEnable(false);

                window.setTimeout(function() {
                    context.map().dblclickEnable(true);
                    d3.select(window).on('click.draw-block', null);
                }, 500);

                click();
            }
        });
    }

    function mousemove() {
        lastMouse = d3.event;
        event.move(datum());
    }

    function mouseenter() {
        mouseLeave = false;
    }

    function mouseleave() {
        mouseLeave = true;
    }

    function click() {
        var d = datum();
        if (d.type === 'way') {
            var dims = context.map().dimensions(),
                mouse = context.mouse(),
                pad = 5,
                trySnap = mouse[0] > pad && mouse[0] < dims[0] - pad &&
                    mouse[1] > pad && mouse[1] < dims[1] - pad;

            if (trySnap) {
                var choice = iD.geo.chooseEdge(context.childNodes(d), context.mouse(), context.projection),
                    edge = [d.nodes[choice.index - 1], d.nodes[choice.index]];
                event.clickWay(choice.loc, edge);
            } else {
                event.click(context.map().mouseCoordinates());
            }

        } else if (d.type === 'node') {
            event.clickNode(d);

        } else {
            event.click(context.map().mouseCoordinates());
        }
    }

    function space() {
        var currSpace = context.mouse();
        if (cached.disableSpace && cached.lastSpace) {
            var dist = iD.geo.euclideanDistance(cached.lastSpace, currSpace);
            if (dist > tolerance) {
                cached.disableSpace = false;
            }
        }

        if (cached.disableSpace || mouseLeave || !lastMouse) return;

        // user must move mouse or release space bar to allow another click
        cached.lastSpace = currSpace;
        cached.disableSpace = true;

        d3.select(window).on('keyup.space-block', function() {
            cached.disableSpace = false;
            d3.select(window).on('keyup.space-block', null);
        });

        d3.event.preventDefault();
        click();
    }

    function backspace() {
        d3.event.preventDefault();
        event.undo();
    }

    function del() {
        d3.event.preventDefault();
        event.cancel();
    }

    function ret() {
        d3.event.preventDefault();
        event.finish();
    }

    function draw(selection) {
        context.install(hover);
        context.install(edit);

        if (!context.inIntro() && !cached.usedTails[tail.text()]) {
            context.install(tail);
        }

        keybinding
            .on('⌫', backspace)
            .on('⌦', del)
            .on('⎋', ret)
            .on('↩', ret)
            .on('space', space)
            .on('⌥space', space);

        selection
            .on('mouseenter.draw', mouseenter)
            .on('mouseleave.draw', mouseleave)
            .on('mousedown.draw', mousedown)
            .on('mousemove.draw', mousemove);

        d3.select(document)
            .call(keybinding);

        return draw;
    }

    draw.off = function(selection) {
        context.ui().sidebar.hover.cancel();
        context.uninstall(hover);
        context.uninstall(edit);

        if (!context.inIntro() && !cached.usedTails[tail.text()]) {
            context.uninstall(tail);
            cached.usedTails[tail.text()] = true;
        }

        selection
            .on('mouseenter.draw', null)
            .on('mouseleave.draw', null)
            .on('mousedown.draw', null)
            .on('mousemove.draw', null);

        d3.select(window)
            .on('mouseup.draw', null);
            // note: keyup.space-block, click.draw-block should remain

        d3.select(document)
            .call(keybinding.off);
    };

    draw.tail = function(_) {
        tail.text(_);
        return draw;
    };

    return d3.rebind(draw, event, 'on');
};

iD.behavior.Draw.usedTails = {};
iD.behavior.Draw.disableSpace = false;
iD.behavior.Draw.lastSpace = null;
iD.behavior.DrawWay = function(context, wayId, index, mode, baseGraph) {
    var way = context.entity(wayId),
        isArea = context.geometry(wayId) === 'area',
        finished = false,
        annotation = t((way.isDegenerate() ?
            'operations.start.annotation.' :
            'operations.continue.annotation.') + context.geometry(wayId)),
        draw = iD.behavior.Draw(context);

    var startIndex = typeof index === 'undefined' ? way.nodes.length - 1 : 0,
        start = iD.Node({loc: context.graph().entity(way.nodes[startIndex]).loc}),
        end = iD.Node({loc: context.map().mouseCoordinates()}),
        segment = iD.Way({
            nodes: typeof index === 'undefined' ? [start.id, end.id] : [end.id, start.id],
            tags: _.clone(way.tags)
        });

    var f = context[way.isDegenerate() ? 'replace' : 'perform'];
    if (isArea) {
        f(iD.actions.AddEntity(end),
            iD.actions.AddVertex(wayId, end.id, index));
    } else {
        f(iD.actions.AddEntity(start),
            iD.actions.AddEntity(end),
            iD.actions.AddEntity(segment));
    }

    function move(datum) {
        var loc;

        if (datum.type === 'node' && datum.id !== end.id) {
            loc = datum.loc;

        } else if (datum.type === 'way' && datum.id !== segment.id) {
            var dims = context.map().dimensions(),
                mouse = context.mouse(),
                pad = 5,
                trySnap = mouse[0] > pad && mouse[0] < dims[0] - pad &&
                    mouse[1] > pad && mouse[1] < dims[1] - pad;

            if (trySnap) {
                loc = iD.geo.chooseEdge(context.childNodes(datum), context.mouse(), context.projection).loc;
            }
        }

        if (!loc) {
            loc = context.map().mouseCoordinates();
        }

        context.replace(iD.actions.MoveNode(end.id, loc));
    }

    function undone() {
        finished = true;
        context.enter(iD.modes.Browse(context));
    }

    function setActiveElements() {
        var active = isArea ? [wayId, end.id] : [segment.id, start.id, end.id];
        context.surface().selectAll(iD.util.entitySelector(active))
            .classed('active', true);
    }

    var drawWay = function(surface) {
        draw.on('move', move)
            .on('click', drawWay.add)
            .on('clickWay', drawWay.addWay)
            .on('clickNode', drawWay.addNode)
            .on('undo', context.undo)
            .on('cancel', drawWay.cancel)
            .on('finish', drawWay.finish);

        context.map()
            .dblclickEnable(false)
            .on('drawn.draw', setActiveElements);

        setActiveElements();

        surface.call(draw);

        context.history()
            .on('undone.draw', undone);
    };

    drawWay.off = function(surface) {
        if (!finished)
            context.pop();

        context.map()
            .on('drawn.draw', null);

        surface.call(draw.off)
            .selectAll('.active')
            .classed('active', false);

        context.history()
            .on('undone.draw', null);
    };

    function ReplaceTemporaryNode(newNode) {
        return function(graph) {
            if (isArea) {
                return graph
                    .replace(way.addNode(newNode.id, index))
                    .remove(end);

            } else {
                return graph
                    .replace(graph.entity(wayId).addNode(newNode.id, index))
                    .remove(end)
                    .remove(segment)
                    .remove(start);
            }
        };
    }

    // Accept the current position of the temporary node and continue drawing.
    drawWay.add = function(loc) {

        // prevent duplicate nodes
        var last = context.hasEntity(way.nodes[way.nodes.length - (isArea ? 2 : 1)]);
        if (last && last.loc[0] === loc[0] && last.loc[1] === loc[1]) return;

        var newNode = iD.Node({loc: loc});

        context.replace(
            iD.actions.AddEntity(newNode),
            ReplaceTemporaryNode(newNode),
            annotation);

        finished = true;
        context.enter(mode);
    };

    // Connect the way to an existing way.
    drawWay.addWay = function(loc, edge) {
        var previousEdge = startIndex ?
            [way.nodes[startIndex], way.nodes[startIndex - 1]] :
            [way.nodes[0], way.nodes[1]];

        // Avoid creating duplicate segments
        if (!isArea && iD.geo.edgeEqual(edge, previousEdge))
            return;

        var newNode = iD.Node({ loc: loc });

        context.perform(
            iD.actions.AddMidpoint({ loc: loc, edge: edge}, newNode),
            ReplaceTemporaryNode(newNode),
            annotation);

        finished = true;
        context.enter(mode);
    };

    // Connect the way to an existing node and continue drawing.
    drawWay.addNode = function(node) {

        // Avoid creating duplicate segments
        if (way.areAdjacent(node.id, way.nodes[way.nodes.length - 1])) return;

        context.perform(
            ReplaceTemporaryNode(node),
            annotation);

        finished = true;
        context.enter(mode);
    };

    // Finish the draw operation, removing the temporary node. If the way has enough
    // nodes to be valid, it's selected. Otherwise, return to browse mode.
    drawWay.finish = function() {
        context.pop();
        finished = true;

        window.setTimeout(function() {
            context.map().dblclickEnable(true);
        }, 1000);

        if (context.hasEntity(wayId)) {
            context.enter(
                iD.modes.Select(context, [wayId])
                    .suppressMenu(true)
                    .newFeature(true));
        } else {
            context.enter(iD.modes.Browse(context));
        }
    };

    // Cancel the draw operation and return to browse, deleting everything drawn.
    drawWay.cancel = function() {
        context.perform(
            d3.functor(baseGraph),
            t('operations.cancel_draw.annotation'));

        window.setTimeout(function() {
            context.map().dblclickEnable(true);
        }, 1000);

        finished = true;
        context.enter(iD.modes.Browse(context));
    };

    drawWay.tail = function(text) {
        draw.tail(text);
        return drawWay;
    };

    return drawWay;
};
iD.behavior.Edit = function(context) {
    function edit() {
        context.map()
            .minzoom(context.minEditableZoom());
    }

    edit.off = function() {
        context.map()
            .minzoom(0);
    };

    return edit;
};
iD.behavior.Hash = function(context) {
    var s0 = null, // cached location.hash
        lat = 90 - 1e-8; // allowable latitude range

    var parser = function(map, s) {
        var q = iD.util.stringQs(s);
        var args = (q.map || '').split('/').map(Number);
        if (args.length < 3 || args.some(isNaN)) {
            return true; // replace bogus hash
        } else if (s !== formatter(map).slice(1)) {
            map.centerZoom([args[1],
                Math.min(lat, Math.max(-lat, args[2]))], args[0]);
        }
    };

    var formatter = function(map) {
        var mode = context.mode(),
            center = map.center(),
            zoom = map.zoom(),
            precision = Math.max(0, Math.ceil(Math.log(zoom) / Math.LN2)),
            q = _.omit(iD.util.stringQs(location.hash.substring(1)), 'comment'),
            newParams = {};

        if (mode && mode.id === 'browse') {
            delete q.id;
        } else {
            var selected = context.selectedIDs().filter(function(id) {
                return !context.entity(id).isNew();
            });
            if (selected.length) {
                newParams.id = selected.join(',');
            }
        }

        newParams.map = zoom.toFixed(2) +
                '/' + center[0].toFixed(precision) +
                '/' + center[1].toFixed(precision);

        return '#' + iD.util.qsString(_.assign(q, newParams), true);
    };

    function update() {
        if (context.inIntro()) return;
        var s1 = formatter(context.map());
        if (s0 !== s1) location.replace(s0 = s1); // don't recenter the map!
    }

    var throttledUpdate = _.throttle(update, 500);

    function hashchange() {
        if (location.hash === s0) return; // ignore spurious hashchange events
        if (parser(context.map(), (s0 = location.hash).substring(1))) {
            update(); // replace bogus hash
        }
    }

    function hash() {
        context.map()
            .on('move.hash', throttledUpdate);

        context
            .on('enter.hash', throttledUpdate);

        d3.select(window)
            .on('hashchange.hash', hashchange);

        if (location.hash) {
            var q = iD.util.stringQs(location.hash.substring(1));
            if (q.id) context.zoomToEntity(q.id.split(',')[0], !q.map);
            if (q.comment) context.storage('comment', q.comment);
            hashchange();
            if (q.map) hash.hadHash = true;
        }
    }

    hash.off = function() {
        throttledUpdate.cancel();

        context.map()
            .on('move.hash', null);

        context
            .on('enter.hash', null);

        d3.select(window)
            .on('hashchange.hash', null);

        location.hash = '';
    };

    return hash;
};
/*
   The hover behavior adds the `.hover` class on mouseover to all elements to which
   the identical datum is bound, and removes it on mouseout.

   The :hover pseudo-class is insufficient for iD's purposes because a datum's visual
   representation may consist of several elements scattered throughout the DOM hierarchy.
   Only one of these elements can have the :hover pseudo-class, but all of them will
   have the .hover class.
 */
iD.behavior.Hover = function() {
    var dispatch = d3.dispatch('hover'),
        selection,
        altDisables,
        target;

    function keydown() {
        if (altDisables && d3.event.keyCode === d3.keybinding.modifierCodes.alt) {
            dispatch.hover(null);
            selection.selectAll('.hover')
                .classed('hover-suppressed', true)
                .classed('hover', false);
        }
    }

    function keyup() {
        if (altDisables && d3.event.keyCode === d3.keybinding.modifierCodes.alt) {
            dispatch.hover(target ? target.id : null);
            selection.selectAll('.hover-suppressed')
                .classed('hover-suppressed', false)
                .classed('hover', true);
        }
    }

    var hover = function(__) {
        selection = __;

        function enter(d) {
            if (d === target) return;

            target = d;

            selection.selectAll('.hover')
                .classed('hover', false);
            selection.selectAll('.hover-suppressed')
                .classed('hover-suppressed', false);

            if (target instanceof iD.Entity) {
                var selector = '.' + target.id;

                if (target.type === 'relation') {
                    target.members.forEach(function(member) {
                        selector += ', .' + member.id;
                    });
                }

                var suppressed = altDisables && d3.event && d3.event.altKey;

                selection.selectAll(selector)
                    .classed(suppressed ? 'hover-suppressed' : 'hover', true);

                dispatch.hover(target.id);
            } else {
                dispatch.hover(null);
            }
        }

        var down;

        function mouseover() {
            if (down) return;
            var target = d3.event.target;
            enter(target ? target.__data__ : null);
        }

        function mouseout() {
            if (down) return;
            var target = d3.event.relatedTarget;
            enter(target ? target.__data__ : null);
        }

        function mousedown() {
            down = true;
            d3.select(window)
                .on('mouseup.hover', mouseup);
        }

        function mouseup() {
            down = false;
        }

        selection
            .on('mouseover.hover', mouseover)
            .on('mouseout.hover', mouseout)
            .on('mousedown.hover', mousedown)
            .on('mouseup.hover', mouseup);

        d3.select(window)
            .on('keydown.hover', keydown)
            .on('keyup.hover', keyup);
    };

    hover.off = function(selection) {
        selection.selectAll('.hover')
            .classed('hover', false);
        selection.selectAll('.hover-suppressed')
            .classed('hover-suppressed', false);

        selection
            .on('mouseover.hover', null)
            .on('mouseout.hover', null)
            .on('mousedown.hover', null)
            .on('mouseup.hover', null);

        d3.select(window)
            .on('keydown.hover', null)
            .on('keyup.hover', null)
            .on('mouseup.hover', null);
    };

    hover.altDisables = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return altDisables;
        altDisables = _;
        return hover;
    };

    return d3.rebind(hover, dispatch, 'on');
};
iD.behavior.Lasso = function(context) {

    var behavior = function(selection) {
        var lasso;

        function mousedown() {
            var button = 0;  // left
            if (d3.event.button === button && d3.event.shiftKey === true) {
                lasso = null;

                selection
                    .on('mousemove.lasso', mousemove)
                    .on('mouseup.lasso', mouseup);

                d3.event.stopPropagation();
            }
        }

        function mousemove() {
            if (!lasso) {
                lasso = iD.ui.Lasso(context);
                context.surface().call(lasso);
            }

            lasso.p(context.mouse());
        }

        function normalize(a, b) {
            return [
                [Math.min(a[0], b[0]), Math.min(a[1], b[1])],
                [Math.max(a[0], b[0]), Math.max(a[1], b[1])]];
        }

        function lassoed() {
            if (!lasso) return [];

            var graph = context.graph(),
                bounds = lasso.extent().map(context.projection.invert),
                extent = iD.geo.Extent(normalize(bounds[0], bounds[1]));

            return _.map(context.intersects(extent).filter(function(entity) {
                return entity.type === 'node' &&
                    iD.geo.pointInPolygon(context.projection(entity.loc), lasso.coordinates) &&
                    !context.features().isHidden(entity, graph, entity.geometry(graph));
            }), 'id');
        }

        function mouseup() {
            selection
                .on('mousemove.lasso', null)
                .on('mouseup.lasso', null);

            if (!lasso) return;

            var ids = lassoed();
            lasso.close();

            if (ids.length) {
                context.enter(iD.modes.Select(context, ids));
            }
        }

        selection
            .on('mousedown.lasso', mousedown);
    };

    behavior.off = function(selection) {
        selection.on('mousedown.lasso', null);
    };

    return behavior;
};
iD.behavior.Paste = function(context) {
    var keybinding = d3.keybinding('paste');

    function omitTag(v, k) {
        return (
            k === 'phone' ||
            k === 'fax' ||
            k === 'email' ||
            k === 'website' ||
            k === 'url' ||
            k === 'note' ||
            k === 'description' ||
            k.indexOf('name') !== -1 ||
            k.indexOf('wiki') === 0 ||
            k.indexOf('addr:') === 0 ||
            k.indexOf('contact:') === 0
        );
    }

    function doPaste() {
        d3.event.preventDefault();
        if (context.inIntro()) return;

        var baseGraph = context.graph(),
            mouse = context.mouse(),
            projection = context.projection,
            viewport = iD.geo.Extent(projection.clipExtent()).polygon();

        if (!iD.geo.pointInPolygon(mouse, viewport)) return;

        var extent = iD.geo.Extent(),
            oldIDs = context.copyIDs(),
            oldGraph = context.copyGraph(),
            newIDs = [];

        if (!oldIDs.length) return;

        var action = iD.actions.CopyEntities(oldIDs, oldGraph);
        context.perform(action);

        var copies = action.copies();
        for (var id in copies) {
            var oldEntity = oldGraph.entity(id),
                newEntity = copies[id];

            extent._extend(oldEntity.extent(oldGraph));
            newIDs.push(newEntity.id);
            context.perform(iD.actions.ChangeTags(newEntity.id, _.omit(newEntity.tags, omitTag)));
        }

        // Put pasted objects where mouse pointer is..
        var center = projection(extent.center()),
            delta = [ mouse[0] - center[0], mouse[1] - center[1] ];

        context.perform(iD.actions.Move(newIDs, delta, projection));
        context.enter(iD.modes.Move(context, newIDs, baseGraph));
    }

    function paste() {
        keybinding.on(iD.ui.cmd('⌘V'), doPaste);
        d3.select(document).call(keybinding);
        return paste;
    }

    paste.off = function() {
        d3.select(document).call(keybinding.off);
    };

    return paste;
};
iD.behavior.Select = function(context) {
    function keydown() {
        if (d3.event && d3.event.shiftKey) {
            context.surface()
                .classed('behavior-multiselect', true);
        }
    }

    function keyup() {
        if (!d3.event || !d3.event.shiftKey) {
            context.surface()
                .classed('behavior-multiselect', false);
        }
    }

    function click() {
        var datum = d3.event.target.__data__,
            lasso = d3.select('#surface .lasso').node(),
            mode = context.mode();

        if (!(datum instanceof iD.Entity)) {
            if (!d3.event.shiftKey && !lasso && mode.id !== 'browse')
                context.enter(iD.modes.Browse(context));

        } else if (!d3.event.shiftKey && !lasso) {
            // Avoid re-entering Select mode with same entity.
            if (context.selectedIDs().length !== 1 || context.selectedIDs()[0] !== datum.id) {
                context.enter(iD.modes.Select(context, [datum.id]));
            } else {
                mode.suppressMenu(false).reselect();
            }
        } else if (context.selectedIDs().indexOf(datum.id) >= 0) {
            var selectedIDs = _.without(context.selectedIDs(), datum.id);
            context.enter(selectedIDs.length ?
                iD.modes.Select(context, selectedIDs) :
                iD.modes.Browse(context));

        } else {
            context.enter(iD.modes.Select(context, context.selectedIDs().concat([datum.id])));
        }
    }

    var behavior = function(selection) {
        d3.select(window)
            .on('keydown.select', keydown)
            .on('keyup.select', keyup);

        selection.on('click.select', click);

        keydown();
    };

    behavior.off = function(selection) {
        d3.select(window)
            .on('keydown.select', null)
            .on('keyup.select', null);

        selection.on('click.select', null);

        keyup();
    };

    return behavior;
};
iD.behavior.Tail = function() {
    var text,
        container,
        xmargin = 25,
        tooltipSize = [0, 0],
        selectionSize = [0, 0];

    function tail(selection) {
        if (!text) return;

        d3.select(window)
            .on('resize.tail', function() { selectionSize = selection.dimensions(); });

        function show() {
            container.style('display', 'block');
            tooltipSize = container.dimensions();
        }

        function mousemove() {
            if (container.style('display') === 'none') show();
            var xoffset = ((d3.event.clientX + tooltipSize[0] + xmargin) > selectionSize[0]) ?
                -tooltipSize[0] - xmargin : xmargin;
            container.classed('left', xoffset > 0);
            iD.util.setTransform(container, d3.event.clientX + xoffset, d3.event.clientY);
        }

        function mouseleave() {
            if (d3.event.relatedTarget !== container.node()) {
                container.style('display', 'none');
            }
        }

        function mouseenter() {
            if (d3.event.relatedTarget !== container.node()) {
                show();
            }
        }

        container = d3.select(document.body)
            .append('div')
            .style('display', 'none')
            .attr('class', 'tail tooltip-inner');

        container.append('div')
            .text(text);

        selection
            .on('mousemove.tail', mousemove)
            .on('mouseenter.tail', mouseenter)
            .on('mouseleave.tail', mouseleave);

        container
            .on('mousemove.tail', mousemove);

        tooltipSize = container.dimensions();
        selectionSize = selection.dimensions();
    }

    tail.off = function(selection) {
        if (!text) return;

        container
            .on('mousemove.tail', null)
            .remove();

        selection
            .on('mousemove.tail', null)
            .on('mouseenter.tail', null)
            .on('mouseleave.tail', null);

        d3.select(window)
            .on('resize.tail', null);
    };

    tail.text = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return text;
        text = _;
        return tail;
    };

    return tail;
};
iD.modes = {};
iD.modes.AddArea = function(context) {
    var mode = {
        id: 'add-area',
        button: 'area',
        title: t('modes.add_area.title'),
        description: t('modes.add_area.description'),
        key: '3'
    };

    var behavior = iD.behavior.AddWay(context)
            .tail(t('modes.add_area.tail'))
            .on('start', start)
            .on('startFromWay', startFromWay)
            .on('startFromNode', startFromNode),
        defaultTags = {area: 'yes'};

    function start(loc) {
        var graph = context.graph(),
            node = iD.Node({loc: loc}),
            way = iD.Way({tags: defaultTags});

        context.perform(
            iD.actions.AddEntity(node),
            iD.actions.AddEntity(way),
            iD.actions.AddVertex(way.id, node.id),
            iD.actions.AddVertex(way.id, node.id));

        context.enter(iD.modes.DrawArea(context, way.id, graph));
    }

    function startFromWay(loc, edge) {
        var graph = context.graph(),
            node = iD.Node({loc: loc}),
            way = iD.Way({tags: defaultTags});

        context.perform(
            iD.actions.AddEntity(node),
            iD.actions.AddEntity(way),
            iD.actions.AddVertex(way.id, node.id),
            iD.actions.AddVertex(way.id, node.id),
            iD.actions.AddMidpoint({ loc: loc, edge: edge }, node));

        context.enter(iD.modes.DrawArea(context, way.id, graph));
    }

    function startFromNode(node) {
        var graph = context.graph(),
            way = iD.Way({tags: defaultTags});

        context.perform(
            iD.actions.AddEntity(way),
            iD.actions.AddVertex(way.id, node.id),
            iD.actions.AddVertex(way.id, node.id));

        context.enter(iD.modes.DrawArea(context, way.id, graph));
    }

    mode.enter = function() {
        context.install(behavior);
    };

    mode.exit = function() {
        context.uninstall(behavior);
    };

    return mode;
};
iD.modes.AddLine = function(context) {
    var mode = {
        id: 'add-line',
        button: 'line',
        title: t('modes.add_line.title'),
        description: t('modes.add_line.description'),
        key: '2'
    };

    var behavior = iD.behavior.AddWay(context)
        .tail(t('modes.add_line.tail'))
        .on('start', start)
        .on('startFromWay', startFromWay)
        .on('startFromNode', startFromNode);

    function start(loc) {
        var baseGraph = context.graph(),
            node = iD.Node({loc: loc}),
            way = iD.Way();

        context.perform(
            iD.actions.AddEntity(node),
            iD.actions.AddEntity(way),
            iD.actions.AddVertex(way.id, node.id));

        context.enter(iD.modes.DrawLine(context, way.id, baseGraph));
    }

    function startFromWay(loc, edge) {
        var baseGraph = context.graph(),
            node = iD.Node({loc: loc}),
            way = iD.Way();

        context.perform(
            iD.actions.AddEntity(node),
            iD.actions.AddEntity(way),
            iD.actions.AddVertex(way.id, node.id),
            iD.actions.AddMidpoint({ loc: loc, edge: edge }, node));

        context.enter(iD.modes.DrawLine(context, way.id, baseGraph));
    }

    function startFromNode(node) {
        var baseGraph = context.graph(),
            way = iD.Way();

        context.perform(
            iD.actions.AddEntity(way),
            iD.actions.AddVertex(way.id, node.id));

        context.enter(iD.modes.DrawLine(context, way.id, baseGraph));
    }

    mode.enter = function() {
        context.install(behavior);
    };

    mode.exit = function() {
        context.uninstall(behavior);
    };

    return mode;
};
iD.modes.AddPoint = function(context) {
    var mode = {
        id: 'add-point',
        button: 'point',
        title: t('modes.add_point.title'),
        description: t('modes.add_point.description'),
        key: '1'
    };

    var behavior = iD.behavior.Draw(context)
        .tail(t('modes.add_point.tail'))
        .on('click', add)
        .on('clickWay', addWay)
        .on('clickNode', addNode)
        .on('cancel', cancel)
        .on('finish', cancel);

    function add(loc) {
        var node = iD.Node({loc: loc});

        context.perform(
            iD.actions.AddEntity(node),
            t('operations.add.annotation.point'));

        context.enter(
            iD.modes.Select(context, [node.id])
                .suppressMenu(true)
                .newFeature(true));
    }

    function addWay(loc) {
        add(loc);
    }

    function addNode(node) {
        add(node.loc);
    }

    function cancel() {
        context.enter(iD.modes.Browse(context));
    }

    mode.enter = function() {
        context.install(behavior);
    };

    mode.exit = function() {
        context.uninstall(behavior);
    };

    return mode;
};
iD.modes.Browse = function(context) {
    var mode = {
        button: 'browse',
        id: 'browse',
        title: t('modes.browse.title'),
        description: t('modes.browse.description')
    }, sidebar;

    var behaviors = [
        iD.behavior.Paste(context),
        iD.behavior.Hover(context)
            .on('hover', context.ui().sidebar.hover),
        iD.behavior.Select(context),
        iD.behavior.Lasso(context),
        iD.modes.DragNode(context).behavior];

    mode.enter = function() {
        behaviors.forEach(function(behavior) {
            context.install(behavior);
        });

        // Get focus on the body.
        if (document.activeElement && document.activeElement.blur) {
            document.activeElement.blur();
        }

        if (sidebar) {
            context.ui().sidebar.show(sidebar);
        } else {
            context.ui().sidebar.select(null);
        }
    };

    mode.exit = function() {
        context.ui().sidebar.hover.cancel();
        behaviors.forEach(function(behavior) {
            context.uninstall(behavior);
        });

        if (sidebar) {
            context.ui().sidebar.hide();
        }
    };

    mode.sidebar = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return sidebar;
        sidebar = _;
        return mode;
    };

    return mode;
};
iD.modes.DragNode = function(context) {
    var mode = {
        id: 'drag-node',
        button: 'browse'
    };

    var nudgeInterval,
        activeIDs,
        wasMidpoint,
        cancelled,
        selectedIDs = [],
        hover = iD.behavior.Hover(context)
            .altDisables(true)
            .on('hover', context.ui().sidebar.hover),
        edit = iD.behavior.Edit(context);

    function edge(point, size) {
        var pad = [30, 100, 30, 100];
        if (point[0] > size[0] - pad[0]) return [-10, 0];
        else if (point[0] < pad[2]) return [10, 0];
        else if (point[1] > size[1] - pad[1]) return [0, -10];
        else if (point[1] < pad[3]) return [0, 10];
        return null;
    }

    function startNudge(nudge) {
        if (nudgeInterval) window.clearInterval(nudgeInterval);
        nudgeInterval = window.setInterval(function() {
            context.pan(nudge);
        }, 50);
    }

    function stopNudge() {
        if (nudgeInterval) window.clearInterval(nudgeInterval);
        nudgeInterval = null;
    }

    function moveAnnotation(entity) {
        return t('operations.move.annotation.' + entity.geometry(context.graph()));
    }

    function connectAnnotation(entity) {
        return t('operations.connect.annotation.' + entity.geometry(context.graph()));
    }

    function origin(entity) {
        return context.projection(entity.loc);
    }

    function start(entity) {
        cancelled = d3.event.sourceEvent.shiftKey ||
            context.features().hasHiddenConnections(entity, context.graph());

        if (cancelled) return behavior.cancel();

        wasMidpoint = entity.type === 'midpoint';
        if (wasMidpoint) {
            var midpoint = entity;
            entity = iD.Node();
            context.perform(iD.actions.AddMidpoint(midpoint, entity));

             var vertex = context.surface()
                .selectAll('.' + entity.id);
             behavior.target(vertex.node(), entity);

        } else {
            context.perform(
                iD.actions.Noop());
        }

        activeIDs = _.map(context.graph().parentWays(entity), 'id');
        activeIDs.push(entity.id);

        context.enter(mode);
    }

    function datum() {
        if (d3.event.sourceEvent.altKey) {
            return {};
        }

        return d3.event.sourceEvent.target.__data__ || {};
    }

    // via https://gist.github.com/shawnbot/4166283
    function childOf(p, c) {
        if (p === c) return false;
        while (c && c !== p) c = c.parentNode;
        return c === p;
    }

    function move(entity) {
        if (cancelled) return;
        d3.event.sourceEvent.stopPropagation();

        var nudge = childOf(context.container().node(),
            d3.event.sourceEvent.toElement) &&
            edge(d3.event.point, context.map().dimensions());

        if (nudge) startNudge(nudge);
        else stopNudge();

        var loc = context.projection.invert(d3.event.point);

        var d = datum();
        if (d.type === 'node' && d.id !== entity.id) {
            loc = d.loc;
        } else if (d.type === 'way' && !d3.select(d3.event.sourceEvent.target).classed('fill')) {
            loc = iD.geo.chooseEdge(context.childNodes(d), context.mouse(), context.projection).loc;
        }

        context.replace(
            iD.actions.MoveNode(entity.id, loc),
            moveAnnotation(entity));
    }

    function end(entity) {
        if (cancelled) return;

        var d = datum();

        if (d.type === 'way') {
            var choice = iD.geo.chooseEdge(context.childNodes(d), context.mouse(), context.projection);
            context.replace(
                iD.actions.AddMidpoint({ loc: choice.loc, edge: [d.nodes[choice.index - 1], d.nodes[choice.index]] }, entity),
                connectAnnotation(d));

        } else if (d.type === 'node' && d.id !== entity.id) {
            context.replace(
                iD.actions.Connect([d.id, entity.id]),
                connectAnnotation(d));

        } else if (wasMidpoint) {
            context.replace(
                iD.actions.Noop(),
                t('operations.add.annotation.vertex'));

        } else {
            context.replace(
                iD.actions.Noop(),
                moveAnnotation(entity));
        }

        var reselection = selectedIDs.filter(function(id) {
            return context.graph().hasEntity(id);
        });

        if (reselection.length) {
            context.enter(
                iD.modes.Select(context, reselection)
                    .suppressMenu(true));
        } else {
            context.enter(iD.modes.Browse(context));
        }
    }

    function cancel() {
        behavior.cancel();
        context.enter(iD.modes.Browse(context));
    }

    function setActiveElements() {
        context.surface().selectAll(iD.util.entitySelector(activeIDs))
            .classed('active', true);
    }

    var behavior = iD.behavior.drag()
        .delegate('g.node, g.point, g.midpoint')
        .surface(context.surface().node())
        .origin(origin)
        .on('start', start)
        .on('move', move)
        .on('end', end);

    mode.enter = function() {
        context.install(hover);
        context.install(edit);

        context.history()
            .on('undone.drag-node', cancel);

        context.map()
            .on('drawn.drag-node', setActiveElements);

        setActiveElements();
    };

    mode.exit = function() {
        context.ui().sidebar.hover.cancel();
        context.uninstall(hover);
        context.uninstall(edit);

        context.history()
            .on('undone.drag-node', null);

        context.map()
            .on('drawn.drag-node', null);

        context.surface()
            .selectAll('.active')
            .classed('active', false);

        stopNudge();
    };

    mode.selectedIDs = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return selectedIDs;
        selectedIDs = _;
        return mode;
    };

    mode.behavior = behavior;

    return mode;
};
iD.modes.DrawArea = function(context, wayId, baseGraph) {
    var mode = {
        button: 'area',
        id: 'draw-area'
    };

    var behavior;

    mode.enter = function() {
        var way = context.entity(wayId),
            headId = way.nodes[way.nodes.length - 2],
            tailId = way.first();

        behavior = iD.behavior.DrawWay(context, wayId, -1, mode, baseGraph)
            .tail(t('modes.draw_area.tail'));

        var addNode = behavior.addNode;

        behavior.addNode = function(node) {
            if (node.id === headId || node.id === tailId) {
                behavior.finish();
            } else {
                addNode(node);
            }
        };

        context.install(behavior);
    };

    mode.exit = function() {
        context.uninstall(behavior);
    };

    mode.selectedIDs = function() {
        return [wayId];
    };

    return mode;
};
iD.modes.DrawLine = function(context, wayId, baseGraph, affix) {
    var mode = {
        button: 'line',
        id: 'draw-line'
    };

    var behavior;

    mode.enter = function() {
        var way = context.entity(wayId),
            index = (affix === 'prefix') ? 0 : undefined,
            headId = (affix === 'prefix') ? way.first() : way.last();

        behavior = iD.behavior.DrawWay(context, wayId, index, mode, baseGraph)
            .tail(t('modes.draw_line.tail'));

        var addNode = behavior.addNode;

        behavior.addNode = function(node) {
            if (node.id === headId) {
                behavior.finish();
            } else {
                addNode(node);
            }
        };

        context.install(behavior);
    };

    mode.exit = function() {
        context.uninstall(behavior);
    };

    mode.selectedIDs = function() {
        return [wayId];
    };

    return mode;
};
iD.modes.Move = function(context, entityIDs, baseGraph) {
    var mode = {
        id: 'move',
        button: 'browse'
    };

    var keybinding = d3.keybinding('move'),
        edit = iD.behavior.Edit(context),
        annotation = entityIDs.length === 1 ?
            t('operations.move.annotation.' + context.geometry(entityIDs[0])) :
            t('operations.move.annotation.multiple'),
        cache,
        origin,
        nudgeInterval;

    function vecSub(a, b) { return [a[0] - b[0], a[1] - b[1]]; }

    function edge(point, size) {
        var pad = [30, 100, 30, 100];
        if (point[0] > size[0] - pad[0]) return [-10, 0];
        else if (point[0] < pad[2]) return [10, 0];
        else if (point[1] > size[1] - pad[1]) return [0, -10];
        else if (point[1] < pad[3]) return [0, 10];
        return null;
    }

    function startNudge(nudge) {
        if (nudgeInterval) window.clearInterval(nudgeInterval);
        nudgeInterval = window.setInterval(function() {
            context.pan(nudge);

            var currMouse = context.mouse(),
                origMouse = context.projection(origin),
                delta = vecSub(vecSub(currMouse, origMouse), nudge),
                action = iD.actions.Move(entityIDs, delta, context.projection, cache);

            context.overwrite(action, annotation);

        }, 50);
    }

    function stopNudge() {
        if (nudgeInterval) window.clearInterval(nudgeInterval);
        nudgeInterval = null;
    }

    function move() {
        var currMouse = context.mouse(),
            origMouse = context.projection(origin),
            delta = vecSub(currMouse, origMouse),
            action = iD.actions.Move(entityIDs, delta, context.projection, cache);

        context.overwrite(action, annotation);

        var nudge = edge(currMouse, context.map().dimensions());
        if (nudge) startNudge(nudge);
        else stopNudge();
    }

    function finish() {
        d3.event.stopPropagation();
        context.enter(iD.modes.Select(context, entityIDs).suppressMenu(true));
        stopNudge();
    }

    function cancel() {
        if (baseGraph) {
            while (context.graph() !== baseGraph) context.pop();
            context.enter(iD.modes.Browse(context));
        } else {
            context.pop();
            context.enter(iD.modes.Select(context, entityIDs).suppressMenu(true));
        }
        stopNudge();
    }

    function undone() {
        context.enter(iD.modes.Browse(context));
    }

    mode.enter = function() {
        origin = context.map().mouseCoordinates();
        cache = {};

        context.install(edit);

        context.perform(
            iD.actions.Noop(),
            annotation);

        context.surface()
            .on('mousemove.move', move)
            .on('click.move', finish);

        context.history()
            .on('undone.move', undone);

        keybinding
            .on('⎋', cancel)
            .on('↩', finish);

        d3.select(document)
            .call(keybinding);
    };

    mode.exit = function() {
        stopNudge();

        context.uninstall(edit);

        context.surface()
            .on('mousemove.move', null)
            .on('click.move', null);

        context.history()
            .on('undone.move', null);

        keybinding.off();
    };

    return mode;
};
iD.modes.RotateWay = function(context, wayId) {
    var mode = {
        id: 'rotate-way',
        button: 'browse'
    };

    var keybinding = d3.keybinding('rotate-way'),
        edit = iD.behavior.Edit(context);

    mode.enter = function() {
        context.install(edit);

        var annotation = t('operations.rotate.annotation.' + context.geometry(wayId)),
            way = context.graph().entity(wayId),
            nodes = _.uniq(context.graph().childNodes(way)),
            points = nodes.map(function(n) { return context.projection(n.loc); }),
            pivot = d3.geom.polygon(points).centroid(),
            angle;

        context.perform(
            iD.actions.Noop(),
            annotation);

        function rotate() {

            var mousePoint = context.mouse(),
                newAngle = Math.atan2(mousePoint[1] - pivot[1], mousePoint[0] - pivot[0]);

            if (typeof angle === 'undefined') angle = newAngle;

            context.replace(
                iD.actions.RotateWay(wayId, pivot, newAngle - angle, context.projection),
                annotation);

            angle = newAngle;
        }

        function finish() {
            d3.event.stopPropagation();
            context.enter(iD.modes.Select(context, [wayId])
                .suppressMenu(true));
        }

        function cancel() {
            context.pop();
            context.enter(iD.modes.Select(context, [wayId])
                .suppressMenu(true));
        }

        function undone() {
            context.enter(iD.modes.Browse(context));
        }

        context.surface()
            .on('mousemove.rotate-way', rotate)
            .on('click.rotate-way', finish);

        context.history()
            .on('undone.rotate-way', undone);

        keybinding
            .on('⎋', cancel)
            .on('↩', finish);

        d3.select(document)
            .call(keybinding);
    };

    mode.exit = function() {
        context.uninstall(edit);

        context.surface()
            .on('mousemove.rotate-way', null)
            .on('click.rotate-way', null);

        context.history()
            .on('undone.rotate-way', null);

        keybinding.off();
    };

    return mode;
};
iD.modes.Save = function(context) {
    var ui = iD.ui.Commit(context)
            .on('cancel', cancel)
            .on('save', save);

    function cancel() {
        context.enter(iD.modes.Browse(context));
    }

    function save(e, tryAgain) {
        function withChildNodes(ids, graph) {
            return _.uniq(_.reduce(ids, function(result, id) {
                var e = graph.entity(id);
                if (e.type === 'way') {
                    try {
                        var cn = graph.childNodes(e);
                        result.push.apply(result, _.map(_.filter(cn, 'version'), 'id'));
                    } catch(err) {
                        /* eslint-disable no-console */
                        if (typeof console !== 'undefined') console.error(err);
                        /* eslint-enable no-console */
                    }
                }
                return result;
            }, _.clone(ids)));
        }

        var loading = iD.ui.Loading(context).message(t('save.uploading')).blocking(true),
            history = context.history(),
            origChanges = history.changes(iD.actions.DiscardTags(history.difference())),
            localGraph = context.graph(),
            remoteGraph = iD.Graph(history.base(), true),
            modified = _.filter(history.difference().summary(), {changeType: 'modified'}),
            toCheck = _.map(_.map(modified, 'entity'), 'id'),
            toLoad = withChildNodes(toCheck, localGraph),
            conflicts = [],
            errors = [];

        if (!tryAgain) history.perform(iD.actions.Noop());  // checkpoint
        context.container().call(loading);

        if (toCheck.length) {
            context.connection().loadMultiple(toLoad, loaded);
        } else {
            finalize();
        }


        // Reload modified entities into an alternate graph and check for conflicts..
        function loaded(err, result) {
            if (errors.length) return;

            if (err) {
                errors.push({
                    msg: err.responseText,
                    details: [ t('save.status_code', { code: err.status }) ]
                });
                showErrors();

            } else {
                var loadMore = [];
                _.each(result.data, function(entity) {
                    remoteGraph.replace(entity);
                    toLoad = _.without(toLoad, entity.id);

                    // Because loadMultiple doesn't download /full like loadEntity,
                    // need to also load children that aren't already being checked..
                    if (!entity.visible) return;
                    if (entity.type === 'way') {
                        loadMore.push.apply(loadMore,
                            _.difference(entity.nodes, toCheck, toLoad, loadMore));
                    } else if (entity.type === 'relation' && entity.isMultipolygon()) {
                        loadMore.push.apply(loadMore,
                            _.difference(_.map(entity.members, 'id'), toCheck, toLoad, loadMore));
                    }
                });

                if (loadMore.length) {
                    toLoad.push.apply(toLoad, loadMore);
                    context.connection().loadMultiple(loadMore, loaded);
                }

                if (!toLoad.length) {
                    checkConflicts();
                }
            }
        }


        function checkConflicts() {
            function choice(id, text, action) {
                return { id: id, text: text, action: function() { history.replace(action); } };
            }
            function formatUser(d) {
                return '<a href="' + context.connection().userURL(d) + '" target="_blank">' + d + '</a>';
            }
            function entityName(entity) {
                return iD.util.displayName(entity) || (iD.util.displayType(entity.id) + ' ' + entity.id);
            }

            function compareVersions(local, remote) {
                if (local.version !== remote.version) return false;

                if (local.type === 'way') {
                    var children = _.union(local.nodes, remote.nodes);

                    for (var i = 0; i < children.length; i++) {
                        var a = localGraph.hasEntity(children[i]),
                            b = remoteGraph.hasEntity(children[i]);

                        if (a && b && a.version !== b.version) return false;
                    }
                }

                return true;
            }

            _.each(toCheck, function(id) {
                var local = localGraph.entity(id),
                    remote = remoteGraph.entity(id);

                if (compareVersions(local, remote)) return;

                var action = iD.actions.MergeRemoteChanges,
                    merge = action(id, localGraph, remoteGraph, formatUser);

                history.replace(merge);

                var mergeConflicts = merge.conflicts();
                if (!mergeConflicts.length) return;  // merged safely

                var forceLocal = action(id, localGraph, remoteGraph).withOption('force_local'),
                    forceRemote = action(id, localGraph, remoteGraph).withOption('force_remote'),
                    keepMine = t('save.conflict.' + (remote.visible ? 'keep_local' : 'restore')),
                    keepTheirs = t('save.conflict.' + (remote.visible ? 'keep_remote' : 'delete'));

                conflicts.push({
                    id: id,
                    name: entityName(local),
                    details: mergeConflicts,
                    chosen: 1,
                    choices: [
                        choice(id, keepMine, forceLocal),
                        choice(id, keepTheirs, forceRemote)
                    ]
                });
            });

            finalize();
        }


        function finalize() {
            if (conflicts.length) {
                conflicts.sort(function(a,b) { return b.id.localeCompare(a.id); });
                showConflicts();
            } else if (errors.length) {
                showErrors();
            } else {
                var changes = history.changes(iD.actions.DiscardTags(history.difference()));
                if (changes.modified.length || changes.created.length || changes.deleted.length) {
                    context.connection().putChangeset(
                        changes,
                        e.comment,
                        history.imageryUsed(),
                        function(err, changeset_id) {
                            if (err) {
                                errors.push({
                                    msg: err.responseText,
                                    details: [ t('save.status_code', { code: err.status }) ]
                                });
                                showErrors();
                            } else {
                                history.clearSaved();
                                success(e, changeset_id);
                                // Add delay to allow for postgres replication #1646 #2678
                                window.setTimeout(function() {
                                    loading.close();
                                    context.flush();
                                }, 2500);
                            }
                        });
                } else {        // changes were insignificant or reverted by user
                    loading.close();
                    context.flush();
                    cancel();
                }
            }
        }


        function showConflicts() {
            var selection = context.container()
                .select('#sidebar')
                .append('div')
                .attr('class','sidebar-component');

            loading.close();

            selection.call(iD.ui.Conflicts(context)
                .list(conflicts)
                .on('download', function() {
                    var data = JXON.stringify(context.connection().osmChangeJXON('CHANGEME', origChanges)),
                        win = window.open('data:text/xml,' + encodeURIComponent(data), '_blank');
                    win.focus();
                })
                .on('cancel', function() {
                    history.pop();
                    selection.remove();
                })
                .on('save', function() {
                    for (var i = 0; i < conflicts.length; i++) {
                        if (conflicts[i].chosen === 1) {  // user chose "keep theirs"
                            var entity = context.hasEntity(conflicts[i].id);
                            if (entity && entity.type === 'way') {
                                var children = _.uniq(entity.nodes);
                                for (var j = 0; j < children.length; j++) {
                                    history.replace(iD.actions.Revert(children[j]));
                                }
                            }
                            history.replace(iD.actions.Revert(conflicts[i].id));
                        }
                    }

                    selection.remove();
                    save(e, true);
                })
            );
        }


        function showErrors() {
            var selection = iD.ui.confirm(context.container());

            history.pop();
            loading.close();

            selection
                .select('.modal-section.header')
                .append('h3')
                .text(t('save.error'));

            addErrors(selection, errors);
            selection.okButton();
        }


        function addErrors(selection, data) {
            var message = selection
                .select('.modal-section.message-text');

            var items = message
                .selectAll('.error-container')
                .data(data);

            var enter = items.enter()
                .append('div')
                .attr('class', 'error-container');

            enter
                .append('a')
                .attr('class', 'error-description')
                .attr('href', '#')
                .classed('hide-toggle', true)
                .text(function(d) { return d.msg || t('save.unknown_error_details'); })
                .on('click', function() {
                    var error = d3.select(this),
                        detail = d3.select(this.nextElementSibling),
                        exp = error.classed('expanded');

                    detail.style('display', exp ? 'none' : 'block');
                    error.classed('expanded', !exp);

                    d3.event.preventDefault();
                });

            var details = enter
                .append('div')
                .attr('class', 'error-detail-container')
                .style('display', 'none');

            details
                .append('ul')
                .attr('class', 'error-detail-list')
                .selectAll('li')
                .data(function(d) { return d.details || []; })
                .enter()
                .append('li')
                .attr('class', 'error-detail-item')
                .text(function(d) { return d; });

            items.exit()
                .remove();
        }

    }


    function success(e, changeset_id) {
        context.enter(iD.modes.Browse(context)
            .sidebar(iD.ui.Success(context)
                .changeset({
                    id: changeset_id,
                    comment: e.comment
                })
                .on('cancel', function() {
                    context.ui().sidebar.hide();
                })));
    }

    var mode = {
        id: 'save'
    };

    mode.enter = function() {
        context.connection().authenticate(function(err) {
            if (err) {
                cancel();
            } else {
                context.ui().sidebar.show(ui);
            }
        });
    };

    mode.exit = function() {
        context.ui().sidebar.hide();
    };

    return mode;
};
iD.modes.Select = function(context, selectedIDs) {
    var mode = {
        id: 'select',
        button: 'browse'
    };

    var keybinding = d3.keybinding('select'),
        timeout = null,
        behaviors = [
            iD.behavior.Copy(context),
            iD.behavior.Paste(context),
            iD.behavior.Breathe(context),
            iD.behavior.Hover(context),
            iD.behavior.Select(context),
            iD.behavior.Lasso(context),
            iD.modes.DragNode(context)
                .selectedIDs(selectedIDs)
                .behavior],
        inspector,
        radialMenu,
        newFeature = false,
        suppressMenu = false;

    var wrap = context.container()
        .select('.inspector-wrap');


    function singular() {
        if (selectedIDs.length === 1) {
            return context.hasEntity(selectedIDs[0]);
        }
    }

    function closeMenu() {
        if (radialMenu) {
            context.surface().call(radialMenu.close);
        }
    }

    function positionMenu() {
        if (suppressMenu || !radialMenu) { return; }

        var entity = singular();
        if (entity && context.geometry(entity.id) === 'relation') {
            suppressMenu = true;
        } else if (entity && entity.type === 'node') {
            radialMenu.center(context.projection(entity.loc));
        } else {
            var point = context.mouse(),
                viewport = iD.geo.Extent(context.projection.clipExtent()).polygon();
            if (iD.geo.pointInPolygon(point, viewport)) {
                radialMenu.center(point);
            } else {
                suppressMenu = true;
            }
        }
    }

    function showMenu() {
        closeMenu();
        if (!suppressMenu && radialMenu) {
            context.surface().call(radialMenu);
        }
    }

    function toggleMenu() {
        if (d3.select('.radial-menu').empty()) {
            showMenu();
        } else {
            closeMenu();
        }
    }

    mode.selectedIDs = function() {
        return selectedIDs;
    };

    mode.reselect = function() {
        var surfaceNode = context.surface().node();
        if (surfaceNode.focus) { // FF doesn't support it
            surfaceNode.focus();
        }

        positionMenu();
        showMenu();
    };

    mode.newFeature = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return newFeature;
        newFeature = _;
        return mode;
    };

    mode.suppressMenu = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return suppressMenu;
        suppressMenu = _;
        return mode;
    };

    mode.enter = function() {
        function update() {
            closeMenu();
            if (_.some(selectedIDs, function(id) { return !context.hasEntity(id); })) {
                // Exit mode if selected entity gets undone
                context.enter(iD.modes.Browse(context));
            }
        }

        function dblclick() {
            var target = d3.select(d3.event.target),
                datum = target.datum();

            if (datum instanceof iD.Way && !target.classed('fill')) {
                var choice = iD.geo.chooseEdge(context.childNodes(datum), context.mouse(), context.projection),
                    node = iD.Node();

                var prev = datum.nodes[choice.index - 1],
                    next = datum.nodes[choice.index];

                context.perform(
                    iD.actions.AddMidpoint({loc: choice.loc, edge: [prev, next]}, node),
                    t('operations.add.annotation.vertex'));

                d3.event.preventDefault();
                d3.event.stopPropagation();
            }
        }

        function selectElements(drawn) {
            var entity = singular();
            if (entity && context.geometry(entity.id) === 'relation') {
                suppressMenu = true;
                return;
            }

            var selection = context.surface()
                    .selectAll(iD.util.entityOrMemberSelector(selectedIDs, context.graph()));

            if (selection.empty()) {
                if (drawn) {  // Exit mode if selected DOM elements have disappeared..
                    context.enter(iD.modes.Browse(context));
                }
            } else {
                selection
                    .classed('selected', true);
            }
        }

        function esc() {
            if (!context.inIntro()) {
                context.enter(iD.modes.Browse(context));
            }
        }


        behaviors.forEach(function(behavior) {
            context.install(behavior);
        });

        var operations = _.without(d3.values(iD.operations), iD.operations.Delete)
                .map(function(o) { return o(selectedIDs, context); })
                .filter(function(o) { return o.available(); });

        operations.unshift(iD.operations.Delete(selectedIDs, context));

        keybinding
            .on('⎋', esc, true)
            .on('space', toggleMenu);

        operations.forEach(function(operation) {
            operation.keys.forEach(function(key) {
                keybinding.on(key, function() {
                    if (!(context.inIntro() || operation.disabled())) {
                        operation();
                    }
                });
            });
        });

        d3.select(document)
            .call(keybinding);

        radialMenu = iD.ui.RadialMenu(context, operations);

        context.ui().sidebar
            .select(singular() ? singular().id : null, newFeature);

        context.history()
            .on('undone.select', update)
            .on('redone.select', update);

        context.map()
            .on('move.select', closeMenu)
            .on('drawn.select', selectElements);

        selectElements();

        var show = d3.event && !suppressMenu;

        if (show) {
            positionMenu();
        }

        timeout = window.setTimeout(function() {
            if (show) {
                showMenu();
            }

            context.surface()
                .on('dblclick.select', dblclick);
        }, 200);

        if (selectedIDs.length > 1) {
            var entities = iD.ui.SelectionList(context, selectedIDs);
            context.ui().sidebar.show(entities);
        }
    };

    mode.exit = function() {
        if (timeout) window.clearTimeout(timeout);

        if (inspector) wrap.call(inspector.close);

        behaviors.forEach(function(behavior) {
            context.uninstall(behavior);
        });

        keybinding.off();
        closeMenu();
        radialMenu = undefined;

        context.history()
            .on('undone.select', null)
            .on('redone.select', null);

        context.surface()
            .on('dblclick.select', null)
            .selectAll('.selected')
            .classed('selected', false);

        context.map().on('drawn.select', null);
        context.ui().sidebar.hide();
    };

    return mode;
};
iD.operations = {};
iD.operations.Circularize = function(selectedIDs, context) {
    var entityId = selectedIDs[0],
        entity = context.entity(entityId),
        extent = entity.extent(context.graph()),
        geometry = context.geometry(entityId),
        action = iD.actions.Circularize(entityId, context.projection);

    var operation = function() {
        var annotation = t('operations.circularize.annotation.' + geometry);
        context.perform(action, annotation);
    };

    operation.available = function() {
        return selectedIDs.length === 1 &&
            entity.type === 'way' &&
            _.uniq(entity.nodes).length > 1;
    };

    operation.disabled = function() {
        var reason;
        if (extent.percentContainedIn(context.extent()) < 0.8) {
            reason = 'too_large';
        } else if (context.hasHiddenConnections(entityId)) {
            reason = 'connected_to_hidden';
        }
        return action.disabled(context.graph()) || reason;
    };

    operation.tooltip = function() {
        var disable = operation.disabled();
        return disable ?
            t('operations.circularize.' + disable) :
            t('operations.circularize.description.' + geometry);
    };

    operation.id = 'circularize';
    operation.keys = [t('operations.circularize.key')];
    operation.title = t('operations.circularize.title');

    return operation;
};
iD.operations.Continue = function(selectedIDs, context) {
    var graph = context.graph(),
        entities = selectedIDs.map(function(id) { return graph.entity(id); }),
        geometries = _.extend({line: [], vertex: []},
            _.groupBy(entities, function(entity) { return entity.geometry(graph); })),
        vertex = geometries.vertex[0];

    function candidateWays() {
        return graph.parentWays(vertex).filter(function(parent) {
            return parent.geometry(graph) === 'line' &&
                parent.affix(vertex.id) &&
                (geometries.line.length === 0 || geometries.line[0] === parent);
        });
    }

    var operation = function() {
        var candidate = candidateWays()[0];
        context.enter(iD.modes.DrawLine(
            context,
            candidate.id,
            context.graph(),
            candidate.affix(vertex.id)));
    };

    operation.available = function() {
        return geometries.vertex.length === 1 && geometries.line.length <= 1 &&
            !context.features().hasHiddenConnections(vertex, context.graph());
    };

    operation.disabled = function() {
        var candidates = candidateWays();
        if (candidates.length === 0)
            return 'not_eligible';
        if (candidates.length > 1)
            return 'multiple';
    };

    operation.tooltip = function() {
        var disable = operation.disabled();
        return disable ?
            t('operations.continue.' + disable) :
            t('operations.continue.description');
    };

    operation.id = 'continue';
    operation.keys = [t('operations.continue.key')];
    operation.title = t('operations.continue.title');

    return operation;
};
iD.operations.Delete = function(selectedIDs, context) {
    var action = iD.actions.DeleteMultiple(selectedIDs);

    var operation = function() {
        var annotation,
            nextSelectedID;

        if (selectedIDs.length > 1) {
            annotation = t('operations.delete.annotation.multiple', {n: selectedIDs.length});

        } else {
            var id = selectedIDs[0],
                entity = context.entity(id),
                geometry = context.geometry(id),
                parents = context.graph().parentWays(entity),
                parent = parents[0];

            annotation = t('operations.delete.annotation.' + geometry);

            // Select the next closest node in the way.
            if (geometry === 'vertex' && parents.length === 1 && parent.nodes.length > 2) {
                var nodes = parent.nodes,
                    i = nodes.indexOf(id);

                if (i === 0) {
                    i++;
                } else if (i === nodes.length - 1) {
                    i--;
                } else {
                    var a = iD.geo.sphericalDistance(entity.loc, context.entity(nodes[i - 1]).loc),
                        b = iD.geo.sphericalDistance(entity.loc, context.entity(nodes[i + 1]).loc);
                    i = a < b ? i - 1 : i + 1;
                }

                nextSelectedID = nodes[i];
            }
        }

        if (nextSelectedID && context.hasEntity(nextSelectedID)) {
            context.enter(iD.modes.Select(context, [nextSelectedID]));
        } else {
            context.enter(iD.modes.Browse(context));
        }

        context.perform(
            action,
            annotation);
    };

    operation.available = function() {
        return true;
    };

    operation.disabled = function() {
        var reason;
        if (_.some(selectedIDs, context.hasHiddenConnections)) {
            reason = 'connected_to_hidden';
        }
        return action.disabled(context.graph()) || reason;
    };

    operation.tooltip = function() {
        var disable = operation.disabled();
        return disable ?
            t('operations.delete.' + disable) :
            t('operations.delete.description');
    };

    operation.id = 'delete';
    operation.keys = [iD.ui.cmd('⌘⌫'), iD.ui.cmd('⌘⌦')];
    operation.title = t('operations.delete.title');

    return operation;
};
iD.operations.Disconnect = function(selectedIDs, context) {
    var vertices = _.filter(selectedIDs, function vertex(entityId) {
        return context.geometry(entityId) === 'vertex';
    });

    var entityId = vertices[0],
        action = iD.actions.Disconnect(entityId);

    if (selectedIDs.length > 1) {
        action.limitWays(_.without(selectedIDs, entityId));
    }

    var operation = function() {
        context.perform(action, t('operations.disconnect.annotation'));
    };

    operation.available = function() {
        return vertices.length === 1;
    };

    operation.disabled = function() {
        var reason;
        if (_.some(selectedIDs, context.hasHiddenConnections)) {
            reason = 'connected_to_hidden';
        }
        return action.disabled(context.graph()) || reason;
    };

    operation.tooltip = function() {
        var disable = operation.disabled();
        return disable ?
            t('operations.disconnect.' + disable) :
            t('operations.disconnect.description');
    };

    operation.id = 'disconnect';
    operation.keys = [t('operations.disconnect.key')];
    operation.title = t('operations.disconnect.title');

    return operation;
};
iD.operations.Merge = function(selectedIDs, context) {
    var join = iD.actions.Join(selectedIDs),
        merge = iD.actions.Merge(selectedIDs),
        mergePolygon = iD.actions.MergePolygon(selectedIDs);

    var operation = function() {
        var annotation = t('operations.merge.annotation', {n: selectedIDs.length}),
            action;

        if (!join.disabled(context.graph())) {
            action = join;
        } else if (!merge.disabled(context.graph())) {
            action = merge;
        } else {
            action = mergePolygon;
        }

        context.perform(action, annotation);
        context.enter(iD.modes.Select(context, selectedIDs.filter(function(id) { return context.hasEntity(id); }))
            .suppressMenu(true));
    };

    operation.available = function() {
        return selectedIDs.length >= 2;
    };

    operation.disabled = function() {
        return join.disabled(context.graph()) &&
            merge.disabled(context.graph()) &&
            mergePolygon.disabled(context.graph());
    };

    operation.tooltip = function() {
        var j = join.disabled(context.graph()),
            m = merge.disabled(context.graph()),
            p = mergePolygon.disabled(context.graph());

        if (j === 'restriction' && m && p)
            return t('operations.merge.restriction', {relation: context.presets().item('type/restriction').name()});

        if (p === 'incomplete_relation' && j && m)
            return t('operations.merge.incomplete_relation');

        if (j && m && p)
            return t('operations.merge.' + j);

        return t('operations.merge.description');
    };

    operation.id = 'merge';
    operation.keys = [t('operations.merge.key')];
    operation.title = t('operations.merge.title');

    return operation;
};
iD.operations.Move = function(selectedIDs, context) {
    var extent = selectedIDs.reduce(function(extent, id) {
            return extent.extend(context.entity(id).extent(context.graph()));
        }, iD.geo.Extent());

    var operation = function() {
        context.enter(iD.modes.Move(context, selectedIDs));
    };

    operation.available = function() {
        return selectedIDs.length > 1 ||
            context.entity(selectedIDs[0]).type !== 'node';
    };

    operation.disabled = function() {
        var reason;
        if (extent.area() && extent.percentContainedIn(context.extent()) < 0.8) {
            reason = 'too_large';
        } else if (_.some(selectedIDs, context.hasHiddenConnections)) {
            reason = 'connected_to_hidden';
        }
        return iD.actions.Move(selectedIDs).disabled(context.graph()) || reason;
    };

    operation.tooltip = function() {
        var disable = operation.disabled();
        return disable ?
            t('operations.move.' + disable) :
            t('operations.move.description');
    };

    operation.id = 'move';
    operation.keys = [t('operations.move.key')];
    operation.title = t('operations.move.title');

    return operation;
};
iD.operations.Orthogonalize = function(selectedIDs, context) {
    var entityId = selectedIDs[0],
        entity = context.entity(entityId),
        extent = entity.extent(context.graph()),
        geometry = context.geometry(entityId),
        action = iD.actions.Orthogonalize(entityId, context.projection);

    var operation = function() {
        var annotation = t('operations.orthogonalize.annotation.' + geometry);
        context.perform(action, annotation);
    };

    operation.available = function() {
        return selectedIDs.length === 1 &&
            entity.type === 'way' &&
            entity.isClosed() &&
            _.uniq(entity.nodes).length > 2;
    };

    operation.disabled = function() {
        var reason;
        if (extent.percentContainedIn(context.extent()) < 0.8) {
            reason = 'too_large';
        } else if (context.hasHiddenConnections(entityId)) {
            reason = 'connected_to_hidden';
        }
        return action.disabled(context.graph()) || reason;
    };

    operation.tooltip = function() {
        var disable = operation.disabled();
        return disable ?
            t('operations.orthogonalize.' + disable) :
            t('operations.orthogonalize.description.' + geometry);
    };

    operation.id = 'orthogonalize';
    operation.keys = [t('operations.orthogonalize.key')];
    operation.title = t('operations.orthogonalize.title');

    return operation;
};
iD.operations.Reverse = function(selectedIDs, context) {
    var entityId = selectedIDs[0];

    var operation = function() {
        context.perform(
            iD.actions.Reverse(entityId),
            t('operations.reverse.annotation'));
    };

    operation.available = function() {
        return selectedIDs.length === 1 &&
            context.geometry(entityId) === 'line';
    };

    operation.disabled = function() {
        return false;
    };

    operation.tooltip = function() {
        return t('operations.reverse.description');
    };

    operation.id = 'reverse';
    operation.keys = [t('operations.reverse.key')];
    operation.title = t('operations.reverse.title');

    return operation;
};
iD.operations.Rotate = function(selectedIDs, context) {
    var entityId = selectedIDs[0],
        entity = context.entity(entityId),
        extent = entity.extent(context.graph()),
        geometry = context.geometry(entityId);

    var operation = function() {
        context.enter(iD.modes.RotateWay(context, entityId));
    };

    operation.available = function() {
        if (selectedIDs.length !== 1 || entity.type !== 'way')
            return false;
        if (geometry === 'area')
            return true;
        if (entity.isClosed() &&
            context.graph().parentRelations(entity).some(function(r) { return r.isMultipolygon(); }))
            return true;
        return false;
    };

    operation.disabled = function() {
        if (extent.percentContainedIn(context.extent()) < 0.8) {
            return 'too_large';
        } else if (context.hasHiddenConnections(entityId)) {
            return 'connected_to_hidden';
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    };

    operation.tooltip = function() {
        var disable = operation.disabled();
        return disable ?
            t('operations.rotate.' + disable) :
            t('operations.rotate.description');
    };

    operation.id = 'rotate';
    operation.keys = [t('operations.rotate.key')];
    operation.title = t('operations.rotate.title');

    return operation;
};
iD.operations.Split = function(selectedIDs, context) {
    var vertices = _.filter(selectedIDs, function vertex(entityId) {
        return context.geometry(entityId) === 'vertex';
    });

    var entityId = vertices[0],
        action = iD.actions.Split(entityId);

    if (selectedIDs.length > 1) {
        action.limitWays(_.without(selectedIDs, entityId));
    }

    var operation = function() {
        var annotation;

        var ways = action.ways(context.graph());
        if (ways.length === 1) {
            annotation = t('operations.split.annotation.' + context.geometry(ways[0].id));
        } else {
            annotation = t('operations.split.annotation.multiple', {n: ways.length});
        }

        var difference = context.perform(action, annotation);
        context.enter(iD.modes.Select(context, difference.extantIDs()));
    };

    operation.available = function() {
        return vertices.length === 1;
    };

    operation.disabled = function() {
        var reason;
        if (_.some(selectedIDs, context.hasHiddenConnections)) {
            reason = 'connected_to_hidden';
        }
        return action.disabled(context.graph()) || reason;
    };

    operation.tooltip = function() {
        var disable = operation.disabled();
        if (disable) {
            return t('operations.split.' + disable);
        }

        var ways = action.ways(context.graph());
        if (ways.length === 1) {
            return t('operations.split.description.' + context.geometry(ways[0].id));
        } else {
            return t('operations.split.description.multiple');
        }
    };

    operation.id = 'split';
    operation.keys = [t('operations.split.key')];
    operation.title = t('operations.split.title');

    return operation;
};
iD.operations.Straighten = function(selectedIDs, context) {
    var entityId = selectedIDs[0],
        action = iD.actions.Straighten(entityId, context.projection);

    function operation() {
        var annotation = t('operations.straighten.annotation');
        context.perform(action, annotation);
    }

    operation.available = function() {
        var entity = context.entity(entityId);
        return selectedIDs.length === 1 &&
            entity.type === 'way' &&
            !entity.isClosed() &&
            _.uniq(entity.nodes).length > 2;
    };

    operation.disabled = function() {
        var reason;
        if (context.hasHiddenConnections(entityId)) {
            reason = 'connected_to_hidden';
        }
        return action.disabled(context.graph()) || reason;
    };

    operation.tooltip = function() {
        var disable = operation.disabled();
        return disable ?
            t('operations.straighten.' + disable) :
            t('operations.straighten.description');
    };

    operation.id = 'straighten';
    operation.keys = [t('operations.straighten.key')];
    operation.title = t('operations.straighten.title');

    return operation;
};
iD.Connection = function(useHttps) {
    if (typeof useHttps !== 'boolean') {
      useHttps = window.location.protocol === 'https:';
    }

    var event = d3.dispatch('authenticating', 'authenticated', 'auth', 'loading', 'loaded'),
        protocol = useHttps ? 'https:' : 'http:',
        url = protocol + '//www.openstreetmap.org',
        connection = {},
        inflight = {},
        loadedTiles = {},
        tileZoom = 16,
        oauth = osmAuth({
            url: protocol + '//www.openstreetmap.org',
            oauth_consumer_key: '5A043yRSEugj4DJ5TljuapfnrflWDte8jTOcWLlT',
            oauth_secret: 'aB3jKq1TRsCOUrfOIZ6oQMEDmv2ptV76PA54NGLL',
            loading: authenticating,
            done: authenticated
        }),
        ndStr = 'nd',
        tagStr = 'tag',
        memberStr = 'member',
        nodeStr = 'node',
        wayStr = 'way',
        relationStr = 'relation',
        userDetails,
        off;


    connection.changesetURL = function(changesetId) {
        return url + '/changeset/' + changesetId;
    };

    connection.changesetsURL = function(center, zoom) {
        var precision = Math.max(0, Math.ceil(Math.log(zoom) / Math.LN2));
        return url + '/history#map=' +
            Math.floor(zoom) + '/' +
            center[1].toFixed(precision) + '/' +
            center[0].toFixed(precision);
    };

    connection.entityURL = function(entity) {
        return url + '/' + entity.type + '/' + entity.osmId();
    };

    connection.userURL = function(username) {
        return url + '/user/' + username;
    };

    connection.loadFromURL = function(url, callback) {
        function done(err, dom) {
            return callback(err, parse(dom));
        }
        return d3.xml(url).get(done);
    };

    connection.loadEntity = function(id, callback) {
        var type = iD.Entity.id.type(id),
            osmID = iD.Entity.id.toOSM(id);

        connection.loadFromURL(
            url + '/api/0.6/' + type + '/' + osmID + (type !== 'node' ? '/full' : ''),
            function(err, entities) {
                if (callback) callback(err, {data: entities});
            });
    };

    connection.loadEntityVersion = function(id, version, callback) {
        var type = iD.Entity.id.type(id),
            osmID = iD.Entity.id.toOSM(id);

        connection.loadFromURL(
            url + '/api/0.6/' + type + '/' + osmID + '/' + version,
            function(err, entities) {
                if (callback) callback(err, {data: entities});
            });
    };

    connection.loadMultiple = function(ids, callback) {
        _.each(_.groupBy(_.uniq(ids), iD.Entity.id.type), function(v, k) {
            var type = k + 's',
                osmIDs = _.map(v, iD.Entity.id.toOSM);

            _.each(_.chunk(osmIDs, 150), function(arr) {
                connection.loadFromURL(
                    url + '/api/0.6/' + type + '?' + type + '=' + arr.join(),
                    function(err, entities) {
                        if (callback) callback(err, {data: entities});
                    });
            });
        });
    };

    function authenticating() {
        event.authenticating();
    }

    function authenticated() {
        event.authenticated();
    }

    function getLoc(attrs) {
        var lon = attrs.lon && attrs.lon.value,
            lat = attrs.lat && attrs.lat.value;
        return [parseFloat(lon), parseFloat(lat)];
    }

    function getNodes(obj) {
        var elems = obj.getElementsByTagName(ndStr),
            nodes = new Array(elems.length);
        for (var i = 0, l = elems.length; i < l; i++) {
            nodes[i] = 'n' + elems[i].attributes.ref.value;
        }
        return nodes;
    }

    function getTags(obj) {
        var elems = obj.getElementsByTagName(tagStr),
            tags = {};
        for (var i = 0, l = elems.length; i < l; i++) {
            var attrs = elems[i].attributes;
            tags[attrs.k.value] = attrs.v.value;
        }
        return tags;
    }

    function getMembers(obj) {
        var elems = obj.getElementsByTagName(memberStr),
            members = new Array(elems.length);
        for (var i = 0, l = elems.length; i < l; i++) {
            var attrs = elems[i].attributes;
            members[i] = {
                id: attrs.type.value[0] + attrs.ref.value,
                type: attrs.type.value,
                role: attrs.role.value
            };
        }
        return members;
    }

    function getVisible(attrs) {
        return (!attrs.visible || attrs.visible.value !== 'false');
    }

    var parsers = {
        node: function nodeData(obj) {
            var attrs = obj.attributes;
            return new iD.Node({
                id: iD.Entity.id.fromOSM(nodeStr, attrs.id.value),
                loc: getLoc(attrs),
                version: attrs.version.value,
                user: attrs.user && attrs.user.value,
                tags: getTags(obj),
                visible: getVisible(attrs)
            });
        },

        way: function wayData(obj) {
            var attrs = obj.attributes;
            return new iD.Way({
                id: iD.Entity.id.fromOSM(wayStr, attrs.id.value),
                version: attrs.version.value,
                user: attrs.user && attrs.user.value,
                tags: getTags(obj),
                nodes: getNodes(obj),
                visible: getVisible(attrs)
            });
        },

        relation: function relationData(obj) {
            var attrs = obj.attributes;
            return new iD.Relation({
                id: iD.Entity.id.fromOSM(relationStr, attrs.id.value),
                version: attrs.version.value,
                user: attrs.user && attrs.user.value,
                tags: getTags(obj),
                members: getMembers(obj),
                visible: getVisible(attrs)
            });
        }
    };

    function parse(dom) {
        if (!dom || !dom.childNodes) return;

        var root = dom.childNodes[0],
            children = root.childNodes,
            entities = [];

        for (var i = 0, l = children.length; i < l; i++) {
            var child = children[i],
                parser = parsers[child.nodeName];
            if (parser) {
                entities.push(parser(child));
            }
        }

        return entities;
    }

    connection.authenticated = function() {
        return oauth.authenticated();
    };

    // Generate Changeset XML. Returns a string.
    connection.changesetJXON = function(tags) {
        return {
            osm: {
                changeset: {
                    tag: _.map(tags, function(value, key) {
                        return { '@k': key, '@v': value };
                    }),
                    '@version': 0.6,
                    '@generator': 'iD'
                }
            }
        };
    };

    // Generate [osmChange](http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/OsmChange)
    // XML. Returns a string.
    connection.osmChangeJXON = function(changeset_id, changes) {
        function nest(x, order) {
            var groups = {};
            for (var i = 0; i < x.length; i++) {
                var tagName = Object.keys(x[i])[0];
                if (!groups[tagName]) groups[tagName] = [];
                groups[tagName].push(x[i][tagName]);
            }
            var ordered = {};
            order.forEach(function(o) {
                if (groups[o]) ordered[o] = groups[o];
            });
            return ordered;
        }

        function rep(entity) {
            return entity.asJXON(changeset_id);
        }

        return {
            osmChange: {
                '@version': 0.6,
                '@generator': 'iD',
                'create': nest(changes.created.map(rep), ['node', 'way', 'relation']),
                'modify': nest(changes.modified.map(rep), ['node', 'way', 'relation']),
                'delete': _.extend(nest(changes.deleted.map(rep), ['relation', 'way', 'node']), {'@if-unused': true})
            }
        };
    };

    connection.changesetTags = function(comment, imageryUsed) {
        var detected = iD.detect(),
            tags = {
                created_by: 'iD ' + iD.version,
                imagery_used: imageryUsed.join(';').substr(0, 255),
                host: (window.location.origin + window.location.pathname).substr(0, 255),
                locale: detected.locale
            };

        if (comment) {
            tags.comment = comment.substr(0, 255);
        }

        return tags;
    };

    connection.putChangeset = function(changes, comment, imageryUsed, callback) {
        oauth.xhr({
                method: 'PUT',
                path: '/api/0.6/changeset/create',
                options: { header: { 'Content-Type': 'text/xml' } },
                content: JXON.stringify(connection.changesetJXON(connection.changesetTags(comment, imageryUsed)))
            }, function(err, changeset_id) {
                if (err) return callback(err);
                oauth.xhr({
                    method: 'POST',
                    path: '/api/0.6/changeset/' + changeset_id + '/upload',
                    options: { header: { 'Content-Type': 'text/xml' } },
                    content: JXON.stringify(connection.osmChangeJXON(changeset_id, changes))
                }, function(err) {
                    if (err) return callback(err);
                    // POST was successful, safe to call the callback.
                    // Still attempt to close changeset, but ignore response because #2667
                    // Add delay to allow for postgres replication #1646 #2678
                    window.setTimeout(function() { callback(null, changeset_id); }, 2500);
                    oauth.xhr({
                        method: 'PUT',
                        path: '/api/0.6/changeset/' + changeset_id + '/close',
                        options: { header: { 'Content-Type': 'text/xml' } }
                    }, d3.functor(true));
                });
            });
    };

    connection.userDetails = function(callback) {
        if (userDetails) {
            callback(undefined, userDetails);
            return;
        }

        function done(err, user_details) {
            if (err) return callback(err);

            var u = user_details.getElementsByTagName('user')[0],
                img = u.getElementsByTagName('img'),
                image_url = '';

            if (img && img[0] && img[0].getAttribute('href')) {
                image_url = img[0].getAttribute('href');
            }

            userDetails = {
                display_name: u.attributes.display_name.value,
                image_url: image_url,
                id: u.attributes.id.value
            };

            callback(undefined, userDetails);
        }

        oauth.xhr({ method: 'GET', path: '/api/0.6/user/details' }, done);
    };

    connection.userChangesets = function(callback) {
        connection.userDetails(function(err, user) {
            if (err) return callback(err);

            function done(changesets) {
                callback(undefined, Array.prototype.map.call(changesets.getElementsByTagName('changeset'),
                    function (changeset) {
                        return { tags: getTags(changeset) };
                    }));
            }

            d3.xml(url + '/api/0.6/changesets?user=' + user.id).get()
                .on('load', done)
                .on('error', callback);
        });
    };

    connection.status = function(callback) {
        function done(capabilities) {
            var apiStatus = capabilities.getElementsByTagName('status');
            callback(undefined, apiStatus[0].getAttribute('api'));
        }
        d3.xml(url + '/api/capabilities').get()
            .on('load', done)
            .on('error', callback);
    };

    function abortRequest(i) { i.abort(); }

    connection.tileZoom = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return tileZoom;
        tileZoom = _;
        return connection;
    };

    connection.loadTiles = function(projection, dimensions, callback) {

        if (off) return;

        var s = projection.scale() * 2 * Math.PI,
            z = Math.max(Math.log(s) / Math.log(2) - 8, 0),
            ts = 256 * Math.pow(2, z - tileZoom),
            origin = [
                s / 2 - projection.translate()[0],
                s / 2 - projection.translate()[1]];

        var tiles = d3.geo.tile()
            .scaleExtent([tileZoom, tileZoom])
            .scale(s)
            .size(dimensions)
            .translate(projection.translate())()
            .map(function(tile) {
                var x = tile[0] * ts - origin[0],
                    y = tile[1] * ts - origin[1];

                return {
                    id: tile.toString(),
                    extent: iD.geo.Extent(
                        projection.invert([x, y + ts]),
                        projection.invert([x + ts, y]))
                };
            });

        function bboxUrl(tile) {
            return url + '/api/0.6/map?bbox=' + tile.extent.toParam();
        }

        _.filter(inflight, function(v, i) {
            var wanted = _.find(tiles, function(tile) {
                return i === tile.id;
            });
            if (!wanted) delete inflight[i];
            return !wanted;
        }).map(abortRequest);

        tiles.forEach(function(tile) {
            var id = tile.id;

            if (loadedTiles[id] || inflight[id]) return;

            if (_.isEmpty(inflight)) {
                event.loading();
            }

            inflight[id] = connection.loadFromURL(bboxUrl(tile), function(err, parsed) {
                loadedTiles[id] = true;
                delete inflight[id];

                if (callback) callback(err, _.extend({data: parsed}, tile));

                if (_.isEmpty(inflight)) {
                    event.loaded();
                }
            });
        });
    };

    connection.switch = function(options) {
        url = options.url;
        oauth.options(_.extend({
            loading: authenticating,
            done: authenticated
        }, options));
        event.auth();
        connection.flush();
        return connection;
    };

    connection.toggle = function(_) {
        off = !_;
        return connection;
    };

    connection.flush = function() {
        userDetails = undefined;
        _.forEach(inflight, abortRequest);
        loadedTiles = {};
        inflight = {};
        return connection;
    };

    connection.loadedTiles = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return loadedTiles;
        loadedTiles = _;
        return connection;
    };

    connection.logout = function() {
        userDetails = undefined;
        oauth.logout();
        event.auth();
        return connection;
    };

    connection.authenticate = function(callback) {
        userDetails = undefined;
        function done(err, res) {
            event.auth();
            if (callback) callback(err, res);
        }
        return oauth.authenticate(done);
    };

    return d3.rebind(connection, event, 'on');
};
/*
    iD.Difference represents the difference between two graphs.
    It knows how to calculate the set of entities that were
    created, modified, or deleted, and also contains the logic
    for recursively extending a difference to the complete set
    of entities that will require a redraw, taking into account
    child and parent relationships.
 */
iD.Difference = function(base, head) {
    var changes = {}, length = 0;

    function changed(h, b) {
        return h !== b && !_.isEqual(_.omit(h, 'v'), _.omit(b, 'v'));
    }

    _.each(head.entities, function(h, id) {
        var b = base.entities[id];
        if (changed(h, b)) {
            changes[id] = {base: b, head: h};
            length++;
        }
    });

    _.each(base.entities, function(b, id) {
        var h = head.entities[id];
        if (!changes[id] && changed(h, b)) {
            changes[id] = {base: b, head: h};
            length++;
        }
    });

    function addParents(parents, result) {
        for (var i = 0; i < parents.length; i++) {
            var parent = parents[i];

            if (parent.id in result)
                continue;

            result[parent.id] = parent;
            addParents(head.parentRelations(parent), result);
        }
    }

    var difference = {};

    difference.length = function() {
        return length;
    };

    difference.changes = function() {
        return changes;
    };

    difference.extantIDs = function() {
        var result = [];
        _.each(changes, function(change, id) {
            if (change.head) result.push(id);
        });
        return result;
    };

    difference.modified = function() {
        var result = [];
        _.each(changes, function(change) {
            if (change.base && change.head) result.push(change.head);
        });
        return result;
    };

    difference.created = function() {
        var result = [];
        _.each(changes, function(change) {
            if (!change.base && change.head) result.push(change.head);
        });
        return result;
    };

    difference.deleted = function() {
        var result = [];
        _.each(changes, function(change) {
            if (change.base && !change.head) result.push(change.base);
        });
        return result;
    };

    difference.summary = function() {
        var relevant = {};

        function addEntity(entity, graph, changeType) {
            relevant[entity.id] = {
                entity: entity,
                graph: graph,
                changeType: changeType
            };
        }

        function addParents(entity) {
            var parents = head.parentWays(entity);
            for (var j = parents.length - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
                var parent = parents[j];
                if (!(parent.id in relevant)) addEntity(parent, head, 'modified');
            }
        }

        _.each(changes, function(change) {
            if (change.head && change.head.geometry(head) !== 'vertex') {
                addEntity(change.head, head, change.base ? 'modified' : 'created');

            } else if (change.base && change.base.geometry(base) !== 'vertex') {
                addEntity(change.base, base, 'deleted');

            } else if (change.base && change.head) { // modified vertex
                var moved    = !_.isEqual(change.base.loc,  change.head.loc),
                    retagged = !_.isEqual(change.base.tags, change.head.tags);

                if (moved) {
                    addParents(change.head);
                }

                if (retagged || (moved && change.head.hasInterestingTags())) {
                    addEntity(change.head, head, 'modified');
                }

            } else if (change.head && change.head.hasInterestingTags()) { // created vertex
                addEntity(change.head, head, 'created');

            } else if (change.base && change.base.hasInterestingTags()) { // deleted vertex
                addEntity(change.base, base, 'deleted');
            }
        });

        return d3.values(relevant);
    };

    difference.complete = function(extent) {
        var result = {}, id, change;

        for (id in changes) {
            change = changes[id];

            var h = change.head,
                b = change.base,
                entity = h || b;

            if (extent &&
                (!h || !h.intersects(extent, head)) &&
                (!b || !b.intersects(extent, base)))
                continue;

            result[id] = h;

            if (entity.type === 'way') {
                var nh = h ? h.nodes : [],
                    nb = b ? b.nodes : [],
                    diff, i;

                diff = _.difference(nh, nb);
                for (i = 0; i < diff.length; i++) {
                    result[diff[i]] = head.hasEntity(diff[i]);
                }

                diff = _.difference(nb, nh);
                for (i = 0; i < diff.length; i++) {
                    result[diff[i]] = head.hasEntity(diff[i]);
                }
            }

            addParents(head.parentWays(entity), result);
            addParents(head.parentRelations(entity), result);
        }

        return result;
    };

    return difference;
};
iD.Entity = function(attrs) {
    // For prototypal inheritance.
    if (this instanceof iD.Entity) return;

    // Create the appropriate subtype.
    if (attrs && attrs.type) {
        return iD.Entity[attrs.type].apply(this, arguments);
    } else if (attrs && attrs.id) {
        return iD.Entity[iD.Entity.id.type(attrs.id)].apply(this, arguments);
    }

    // Initialize a generic Entity (used only in tests).
    return (new iD.Entity()).initialize(arguments);
};

iD.Entity.id = function(type) {
    return iD.Entity.id.fromOSM(type, iD.Entity.id.next[type]--);
};

iD.Entity.id.next = {node: -1, way: -1, relation: -1};

iD.Entity.id.fromOSM = function(type, id) {
    return type[0] + id;
};

iD.Entity.id.toOSM = function(id) {
    return id.slice(1);
};

iD.Entity.id.type = function(id) {
    return {'n': 'node', 'w': 'way', 'r': 'relation'}[id[0]];
};

// A function suitable for use as the second argument to d3.selection#data().
iD.Entity.key = function(entity) {
    return entity.id + 'v' + (entity.v || 0);
};

iD.Entity.prototype = {
    tags: {},

    initialize: function(sources) {
        for (var i = 0; i < sources.length; ++i) {
            var source = sources[i];
            for (var prop in source) {
                if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, prop)) {
                    if (source[prop] === undefined) {
                        delete this[prop];
                    } else {
                        this[prop] = source[prop];
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        if (!this.id && this.type) {
            this.id = iD.Entity.id(this.type);
        }
        if (!this.hasOwnProperty('visible')) {
            this.visible = true;
        }

        if (iD.debug) {
            Object.freeze(this);
            Object.freeze(this.tags);

            if (this.loc) Object.freeze(this.loc);
            if (this.nodes) Object.freeze(this.nodes);
            if (this.members) Object.freeze(this.members);
        }

        return this;
    },

    copy: function(resolver, copies) {
        if (copies[this.id])
            return copies[this.id];

        var copy = iD.Entity(this, {id: undefined, user: undefined, version: undefined});
        copies[this.id] = copy;

        return copy;
    },

    osmId: function() {
        return iD.Entity.id.toOSM(this.id);
    },

    isNew: function() {
        return this.osmId() < 0;
    },

    update: function(attrs) {
        return iD.Entity(this, attrs, {v: 1 + (this.v || 0)});
    },

    mergeTags: function(tags) {
        var merged = _.clone(this.tags), changed = false;
        for (var k in tags) {
            var t1 = merged[k],
                t2 = tags[k];
            if (!t1) {
                changed = true;
                merged[k] = t2;
            } else if (t1 !== t2) {
                changed = true;
                merged[k] = _.union(t1.split(/;\s*/), t2.split(/;\s*/)).join(';');
            }
        }
        return changed ? this.update({tags: merged}) : this;
    },

    intersects: function(extent, resolver) {
        return this.extent(resolver).intersects(extent);
    },

    isUsed: function(resolver) {
        return _.without(Object.keys(this.tags), 'area').length > 0 ||
            resolver.parentRelations(this).length > 0;
    },

    hasInterestingTags: function() {
        return _.keys(this.tags).some(iD.interestingTag);
    },

    isHighwayIntersection: function() {
        return false;
    },

    deprecatedTags: function() {
        var tags = _.toPairs(this.tags);
        var deprecated = {};

        iD.data.deprecated.forEach(function(d) {
            var match = _.toPairs(d.old)[0];
            tags.forEach(function(t) {
                if (t[0] === match[0] &&
                    (t[1] === match[1] || match[1] === '*')) {
                    deprecated[t[0]] = t[1];
                }
            });
        });

        return deprecated;
    }
};
iD.Graph = function(other, mutable) {
    if (!(this instanceof iD.Graph)) return new iD.Graph(other, mutable);

    if (other instanceof iD.Graph) {
        var base = other.base();
        this.entities = _.assign(Object.create(base.entities), other.entities);
        this._parentWays = _.assign(Object.create(base.parentWays), other._parentWays);
        this._parentRels = _.assign(Object.create(base.parentRels), other._parentRels);

    } else {
        this.entities = Object.create({});
        this._parentWays = Object.create({});
        this._parentRels = Object.create({});
        this.rebase(other || [], [this]);
    }

    this.transients = {};
    this._childNodes = {};
    this.frozen = !mutable;
};

iD.Graph.prototype = {
    hasEntity: function(id) {
        return this.entities[id];
    },

    entity: function(id) {
        var entity = this.entities[id];
        if (!entity) {
            throw new Error('entity ' + id + ' not found');
        }
        return entity;
    },

    transient: function(entity, key, fn) {
        var id = entity.id,
            transients = this.transients[id] ||
            (this.transients[id] = {});

        if (transients[key] !== undefined) {
            return transients[key];
        }

        transients[key] = fn.call(entity);

        return transients[key];
    },

    parentWays: function(entity) {
        var parents = this._parentWays[entity.id],
            result = [];

        if (parents) {
            for (var i = 0; i < parents.length; i++) {
                result.push(this.entity(parents[i]));
            }
        }
        return result;
    },

    isPoi: function(entity) {
        var parentWays = this._parentWays[entity.id];
        return !parentWays || parentWays.length === 0;
    },

    isShared: function(entity) {
        var parentWays = this._parentWays[entity.id];
        return parentWays && parentWays.length > 1;
    },

    parentRelations: function(entity) {
        var parents = this._parentRels[entity.id],
            result = [];

        if (parents) {
            for (var i = 0; i < parents.length; i++) {
                result.push(this.entity(parents[i]));
            }
        }
        return result;
    },

    childNodes: function(entity) {
        if (this._childNodes[entity.id]) return this._childNodes[entity.id];
        if (!entity.nodes) return [];

        var nodes = [];
        for (var i = 0; i < entity.nodes.length; i++) {
            nodes[i] = this.entity(entity.nodes[i]);
        }

        if (iD.debug) Object.freeze(nodes);

        this._childNodes[entity.id] = nodes;
        return this._childNodes[entity.id];
    },

    base: function() {
        return {
            'entities': iD.util.getPrototypeOf(this.entities),
            'parentWays': iD.util.getPrototypeOf(this._parentWays),
            'parentRels': iD.util.getPrototypeOf(this._parentRels)
        };
    },

    // Unlike other graph methods, rebase mutates in place. This is because it
    // is used only during the history operation that merges newly downloaded
    // data into each state. To external consumers, it should appear as if the
    // graph always contained the newly downloaded data.
    rebase: function(entities, stack, force) {
        var base = this.base(),
            i, j, k, id;

        for (i = 0; i < entities.length; i++) {
            var entity = entities[i];

            if (!entity.visible || (!force && base.entities[entity.id]))
                continue;

            // Merging data into the base graph
            base.entities[entity.id] = entity;
            this._updateCalculated(undefined, entity, base.parentWays, base.parentRels);

            // Restore provisionally-deleted nodes that are discovered to have an extant parent
            if (entity.type === 'way') {
                for (j = 0; j < entity.nodes.length; j++) {
                    id = entity.nodes[j];
                    for (k = 1; k < stack.length; k++) {
                        var ents = stack[k].entities;
                        if (ents.hasOwnProperty(id) && ents[id] === undefined) {
                            delete ents[id];
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        for (i = 0; i < stack.length; i++) {
            stack[i]._updateRebased();
        }
    },

    _updateRebased: function() {
        var base = this.base(),
            i, k, child, id, keys;

        keys = Object.keys(this._parentWays);
        for (i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
            child = keys[i];
            if (base.parentWays[child]) {
                for (k = 0; k < base.parentWays[child].length; k++) {
                    id = base.parentWays[child][k];
                    if (!this.entities.hasOwnProperty(id) && !_.includes(this._parentWays[child], id)) {
                        this._parentWays[child].push(id);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        keys = Object.keys(this._parentRels);
        for (i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
            child = keys[i];
            if (base.parentRels[child]) {
                for (k = 0; k < base.parentRels[child].length; k++) {
                    id = base.parentRels[child][k];
                    if (!this.entities.hasOwnProperty(id) && !_.includes(this._parentRels[child], id)) {
                        this._parentRels[child].push(id);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        this.transients = {};

        // this._childNodes is not updated, under the assumption that
        // ways are always downloaded with their child nodes.
    },

    // Updates calculated properties (parentWays, parentRels) for the specified change
    _updateCalculated: function(oldentity, entity, parentWays, parentRels) {

        parentWays = parentWays || this._parentWays;
        parentRels = parentRels || this._parentRels;

        var type = entity && entity.type || oldentity && oldentity.type,
            removed, added, ways, rels, i;


        if (type === 'way') {

            // Update parentWays
            if (oldentity && entity) {
                removed = _.difference(oldentity.nodes, entity.nodes);
                added = _.difference(entity.nodes, oldentity.nodes);
            } else if (oldentity) {
                removed = oldentity.nodes;
                added = [];
            } else if (entity) {
                removed = [];
                added = entity.nodes;
            }
            for (i = 0; i < removed.length; i++) {
                parentWays[removed[i]] = _.without(parentWays[removed[i]], oldentity.id);
            }
            for (i = 0; i < added.length; i++) {
                ways = _.without(parentWays[added[i]], entity.id);
                ways.push(entity.id);
                parentWays[added[i]] = ways;
            }

        } else if (type === 'relation') {

            // Update parentRels
            if (oldentity && entity) {
                removed = _.difference(oldentity.members, entity.members);
                added = _.difference(entity.members, oldentity);
            } else if (oldentity) {
                removed = oldentity.members;
                added = [];
            } else if (entity) {
                removed = [];
                added = entity.members;
            }
            for (i = 0; i < removed.length; i++) {
                parentRels[removed[i].id] = _.without(parentRels[removed[i].id], oldentity.id);
            }
            for (i = 0; i < added.length; i++) {
                rels = _.without(parentRels[added[i].id], entity.id);
                rels.push(entity.id);
                parentRels[added[i].id] = rels;
            }
        }
    },

    replace: function(entity) {
        if (this.entities[entity.id] === entity)
            return this;

        return this.update(function() {
            this._updateCalculated(this.entities[entity.id], entity);
            this.entities[entity.id] = entity;
        });
    },

    remove: function(entity) {
        return this.update(function() {
            this._updateCalculated(entity, undefined);
            this.entities[entity.id] = undefined;
        });
    },

    revert: function(id) {
        var baseEntity = this.base().entities[id],
            headEntity = this.entities[id];

        if (headEntity === baseEntity)
            return this;

        return this.update(function() {
            this._updateCalculated(headEntity, baseEntity);
            delete this.entities[id];
        });
    },

    update: function() {
        var graph = this.frozen ? iD.Graph(this, true) : this;

        for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
            arguments[i].call(graph, graph);
        }

        if (this.frozen) graph.frozen = true;

        return graph;
    },

    // Obliterates any existing entities
    load: function(entities) {
        var base = this.base();
        this.entities = Object.create(base.entities);

        for (var i in entities) {
            this.entities[i] = entities[i];
            this._updateCalculated(base.entities[i], this.entities[i]);
        }

        return this;
    }
};
iD.History = function(context) {
    var stack, index, tree,
        imageryUsed = ['Bing'],
        dispatch = d3.dispatch('change', 'undone', 'redone'),
        lock = iD.util.SessionMutex('lock');

    function perform(actions) {
        actions = Array.prototype.slice.call(actions);

        var annotation;

        if (!_.isFunction(_.last(actions))) {
            annotation = actions.pop();
        }

        var graph = stack[index].graph;
        for (var i = 0; i < actions.length; i++) {
            graph = actions[i](graph);
        }

        return {
            graph: graph,
            annotation: annotation,
            imageryUsed: imageryUsed
        };
    }

    function change(previous) {
        var difference = iD.Difference(previous, history.graph());
        dispatch.change(difference);
        return difference;
    }

    // iD uses namespaced keys so multiple installations do not conflict
    function getKey(n) {
        return 'iD_' + window.location.origin + '_' + n;
    }

    var history = {
        graph: function() {
            return stack[index].graph;
        },

        base: function() {
            return stack[0].graph;
        },

        merge: function(entities, extent) {
            stack[0].graph.rebase(entities, _.map(stack, 'graph'), false);
            tree.rebase(entities, false);

            dispatch.change(undefined, extent);
        },

        perform: function() {
            var previous = stack[index].graph;

            stack = stack.slice(0, index + 1);
            stack.push(perform(arguments));
            index++;

            return change(previous);
        },

        replace: function() {
            var previous = stack[index].graph;

            // assert(index == stack.length - 1)
            stack[index] = perform(arguments);

            return change(previous);
        },

        pop: function() {
            var previous = stack[index].graph;

            if (index > 0) {
                index--;
                stack.pop();
                return change(previous);
            }
        },

        // Same as calling pop and then perform
        overwrite: function() {
            var previous = stack[index].graph;

            if (index > 0) {
                index--;
                stack.pop();
            }
            stack = stack.slice(0, index + 1);
            stack.push(perform(arguments));
            index++;

            return change(previous);
        },

        undo: function() {
            var previous = stack[index].graph;

            // Pop to the next annotated state.
            while (index > 0) {
                index--;
                if (stack[index].annotation) break;
            }

            dispatch.undone();
            return change(previous);
        },

        redo: function() {
            var previous = stack[index].graph;

            while (index < stack.length - 1) {
                index++;
                if (stack[index].annotation) break;
            }

            dispatch.redone();
            return change(previous);
        },

        undoAnnotation: function() {
            var i = index;
            while (i >= 0) {
                if (stack[i].annotation) return stack[i].annotation;
                i--;
            }
        },

        redoAnnotation: function() {
            var i = index + 1;
            while (i <= stack.length - 1) {
                if (stack[i].annotation) return stack[i].annotation;
                i++;
            }
        },

        intersects: function(extent) {
            return tree.intersects(extent, stack[index].graph);
        },

        difference: function() {
            var base = stack[0].graph,
                head = stack[index].graph;
            return iD.Difference(base, head);
        },

        changes: function(action) {
            var base = stack[0].graph,
                head = stack[index].graph;

            if (action) {
                head = action(head);
            }

            var difference = iD.Difference(base, head);

            return {
                modified: difference.modified(),
                created: difference.created(),
                deleted: difference.deleted()
            };
        },

        validate: function(changes) {
            return _(iD.validations)
                .map(function(fn) { return fn()(changes, stack[index].graph); })
                .flatten()
                .value();
        },

        hasChanges: function() {
            return this.difference().length() > 0;
        },

        imageryUsed: function(sources) {
            if (sources) {
                imageryUsed = sources;
                return history;
            } else {
                return _(stack.slice(1, index + 1))
                    .map('imageryUsed')
                    .flatten()
                    .uniq()
                    .without(undefined, 'Custom')
                    .value();
            }
        },

        reset: function() {
            stack = [{graph: iD.Graph()}];
            index = 0;
            tree = iD.Tree(stack[0].graph);
            dispatch.change();
            return history;
        },

        toJSON: function() {
            if (!this.hasChanges()) return;

            var allEntities = {},
                baseEntities = {},
                base = stack[0];

            var s = stack.map(function(i) {
                var modified = [], deleted = [];

                _.forEach(i.graph.entities, function(entity, id) {
                    if (entity) {
                        var key = iD.Entity.key(entity);
                        allEntities[key] = entity;
                        modified.push(key);
                    } else {
                        deleted.push(id);
                    }

                    // make sure that the originals of changed or deleted entities get merged
                    // into the base of the stack after restoring the data from JSON.
                    if (id in base.graph.entities) {
                        baseEntities[id] = base.graph.entities[id];
                    }
                    // get originals of parent entities too
                    _.forEach(base.graph._parentWays[id], function(parentId) {
                        if (parentId in base.graph.entities) {
                            baseEntities[parentId] = base.graph.entities[parentId];
                        }
                    });
                });

                var x = {};

                if (modified.length) x.modified = modified;
                if (deleted.length) x.deleted = deleted;
                if (i.imageryUsed) x.imageryUsed = i.imageryUsed;
                if (i.annotation) x.annotation = i.annotation;

                return x;
            });

            return JSON.stringify({
                version: 3,
                entities: _.values(allEntities),
                baseEntities: _.values(baseEntities),
                stack: s,
                nextIDs: iD.Entity.id.next,
                index: index
            });
        },

        fromJSON: function(json, loadChildNodes) {
            var h = JSON.parse(json),
                loadComplete = true;

            iD.Entity.id.next = h.nextIDs;
            index = h.index;

            if (h.version === 2 || h.version === 3) {
                var allEntities = {};

                h.entities.forEach(function(entity) {
                    allEntities[iD.Entity.key(entity)] = iD.Entity(entity);
                });

                if (h.version === 3) {
                    // This merges originals for changed entities into the base of
                    // the stack even if the current stack doesn't have them (for
                    // example when iD has been restarted in a different region)
                    var baseEntities = h.baseEntities.map(function(d) { return iD.Entity(d); });
                    stack[0].graph.rebase(baseEntities, _.map(stack, 'graph'), true);
                    tree.rebase(baseEntities, true);

                    // When we restore a modified way, we also need to fetch any missing
                    // childnodes that would normally have been downloaded with it.. #2142
                    if (loadChildNodes) {
                        var missing =  _(baseEntities)
                                .filter({ type: 'way' })
                                .map('nodes')
                                .flatten()
                                .uniq()
                                .reject(function(n) { return stack[0].graph.hasEntity(n); })
                                .value();

                        if (!_.isEmpty(missing)) {
                            loadComplete = false;
                            context.redrawEnable(false);

                            var loading = iD.ui.Loading(context).blocking(true);
                            context.container().call(loading);

                            var childNodesLoaded = function(err, result) {
                                if (!err) {
                                    var visible = _.groupBy(result.data, 'visible');
                                    if (!_.isEmpty(visible.true)) {
                                        missing = _.difference(missing, _.map(visible.true, 'id'));
                                        stack[0].graph.rebase(visible.true, _.map(stack, 'graph'), true);
                                        tree.rebase(visible.true, true);
                                    }

                                    // fetch older versions of nodes that were deleted..
                                    _.each(visible.false, function(entity) {
                                        context.connection()
                                            .loadEntityVersion(entity.id, +entity.version - 1, childNodesLoaded);
                                    });
                                }

                                if (err || _.isEmpty(missing)) {
                                    loading.close();
                                    context.redrawEnable(true);
                                    dispatch.change();
                                }
                            };

                            context.connection().loadMultiple(missing, childNodesLoaded);
                        }
                    }
                }

                stack = h.stack.map(function(d) {
                    var entities = {}, entity;

                    if (d.modified) {
                        d.modified.forEach(function(key) {
                            entity = allEntities[key];
                            entities[entity.id] = entity;
                        });
                    }

                    if (d.deleted) {
                        d.deleted.forEach(function(id) {
                            entities[id] = undefined;
                        });
                    }

                    return {
                        graph: iD.Graph(stack[0].graph).load(entities),
                        annotation: d.annotation,
                        imageryUsed: d.imageryUsed
                    };
                });

            } else { // original version
                stack = h.stack.map(function(d) {
                    var entities = {};

                    for (var i in d.entities) {
                        var entity = d.entities[i];
                        entities[i] = entity === 'undefined' ? undefined : iD.Entity(entity);
                    }

                    d.graph = iD.Graph(stack[0].graph).load(entities);
                    return d;
                });
            }

            if (loadComplete) {
                dispatch.change();
            }

            return history;
        },

        save: function() {
            if (lock.locked()) context.storage(getKey('saved_history'), history.toJSON() || null);
            return history;
        },

        clearSaved: function() {
            context.debouncedSave.cancel();
            if (lock.locked()) context.storage(getKey('saved_history'), null);
            return history;
        },

        lock: function() {
            return lock.lock();
        },

        unlock: function() {
            lock.unlock();
        },

        // is iD not open in another window and it detects that
        // there's a history stored in localStorage that's recoverable?
        restorableChanges: function() {
            return lock.locked() && !!context.storage(getKey('saved_history'));
        },

        // load history from a version stored in localStorage
        restore: function() {
            if (!lock.locked()) return;

            var json = context.storage(getKey('saved_history'));
            if (json) history.fromJSON(json, true);
        },

        _getKey: getKey

    };

    history.reset();

    return d3.rebind(history, dispatch, 'on');
};
iD.Node = iD.Entity.node = function iD_Node() {
    if (!(this instanceof iD_Node)) {
        return (new iD_Node()).initialize(arguments);
    } else if (arguments.length) {
        this.initialize(arguments);
    }
};

iD.Node.prototype = Object.create(iD.Entity.prototype);

_.extend(iD.Node.prototype, {
    type: 'node',

    extent: function() {
        return new iD.geo.Extent(this.loc);
    },

    geometry: function(graph) {
        return graph.transient(this, 'geometry', function() {
            return graph.isPoi(this) ? 'point' : 'vertex';
        });
    },

    move: function(loc) {
        return this.update({loc: loc});
    },

    isIntersection: function(resolver) {
        return resolver.transient(this, 'isIntersection', function() {
            return resolver.parentWays(this).filter(function(parent) {
                return (parent.tags.highway ||
                    parent.tags.waterway ||
                    parent.tags.railway ||
                    parent.tags.aeroway) &&
                    parent.geometry(resolver) === 'line';
            }).length > 1;
        });
    },

    isHighwayIntersection: function(resolver) {
        return resolver.transient(this, 'isHighwayIntersection', function() {
            return resolver.parentWays(this).filter(function(parent) {
                return parent.tags.highway && parent.geometry(resolver) === 'line';
            }).length > 1;
        });
    },

    asJXON: function(changeset_id) {
        var r = {
            node: {
                '@id': this.osmId(),
                '@lon': this.loc[0],
                '@lat': this.loc[1],
                '@version': (this.version || 0),
                tag: _.map(this.tags, function(v, k) {
                    return { keyAttributes: { k: k, v: v } };
                })
            }
        };
        if (changeset_id) r.node['@changeset'] = changeset_id;
        return r;
    },

    asGeoJSON: function() {
        return {
            type: 'Point',
            coordinates: this.loc
        };
    }
});
iD.Relation = iD.Entity.relation = function iD_Relation() {
    if (!(this instanceof iD_Relation)) {
        return (new iD_Relation()).initialize(arguments);
    } else if (arguments.length) {
        this.initialize(arguments);
    }
};

iD.Relation.prototype = Object.create(iD.Entity.prototype);

iD.Relation.creationOrder = function(a, b) {
    var aId = parseInt(iD.Entity.id.toOSM(a.id), 10);
    var bId = parseInt(iD.Entity.id.toOSM(b.id), 10);

    if (aId < 0 || bId < 0) return aId - bId;
    return bId - aId;
};

_.extend(iD.Relation.prototype, {
    type: 'relation',
    members: [],

    copy: function(resolver, copies) {
        if (copies[this.id])
            return copies[this.id];

        var copy = iD.Entity.prototype.copy.call(this, resolver, copies);

        var members = this.members.map(function(member) {
            return _.extend({}, member, {id: resolver.entity(member.id).copy(resolver, copies).id});
        });

        copy = copy.update({members: members});
        copies[this.id] = copy;

        return copy;
    },

    extent: function(resolver, memo) {
        return resolver.transient(this, 'extent', function() {
            if (memo && memo[this.id]) return iD.geo.Extent();
            memo = memo || {};
            memo[this.id] = true;

            var extent = iD.geo.Extent();
            for (var i = 0; i < this.members.length; i++) {
                var member = resolver.hasEntity(this.members[i].id);
                if (member) {
                    extent._extend(member.extent(resolver, memo));
                }
            }
            return extent;
        });
    },

    geometry: function(graph) {
        return graph.transient(this, 'geometry', function() {
            return this.isMultipolygon() ? 'area' : 'relation';
        });
    },

    isDegenerate: function() {
        return this.members.length === 0;
    },

    // Return an array of members, each extended with an 'index' property whose value
    // is the member index.
    indexedMembers: function() {
        var result = new Array(this.members.length);
        for (var i = 0; i < this.members.length; i++) {
            result[i] = _.extend({}, this.members[i], {index: i});
        }
        return result;
    },

    // Return the first member with the given role. A copy of the member object
    // is returned, extended with an 'index' property whose value is the member index.
    memberByRole: function(role) {
        for (var i = 0; i < this.members.length; i++) {
            if (this.members[i].role === role) {
                return _.extend({}, this.members[i], {index: i});
            }
        }
    },

    // Return the first member with the given id. A copy of the member object
    // is returned, extended with an 'index' property whose value is the member index.
    memberById: function(id) {
        for (var i = 0; i < this.members.length; i++) {
            if (this.members[i].id === id) {
                return _.extend({}, this.members[i], {index: i});
            }
        }
    },

    // Return the first member with the given id and role. A copy of the member object
    // is returned, extended with an 'index' property whose value is the member index.
    memberByIdAndRole: function(id, role) {
        for (var i = 0; i < this.members.length; i++) {
            if (this.members[i].id === id && this.members[i].role === role) {
                return _.extend({}, this.members[i], {index: i});
            }
        }
    },

    addMember: function(member, index) {
        var members = this.members.slice();
        members.splice(index === undefined ? members.length : index, 0, member);
        return this.update({members: members});
    },

    updateMember: function(member, index) {
        var members = this.members.slice();
        members.splice(index, 1, _.extend({}, members[index], member));
        return this.update({members: members});
    },

    removeMember: function(index) {
        var members = this.members.slice();
        members.splice(index, 1);
        return this.update({members: members});
    },

    removeMembersWithID: function(id) {
        var members = _.reject(this.members, function(m) { return m.id === id; });
        return this.update({members: members});
    },

    // Wherever a member appears with id `needle.id`, replace it with a member
    // with id `replacement.id`, type `replacement.type`, and the original role,
    // unless a member already exists with that id and role. Return an updated
    // relation.
    replaceMember: function(needle, replacement) {
        if (!this.memberById(needle.id))
            return this;

        var members = [];

        for (var i = 0; i < this.members.length; i++) {
            var member = this.members[i];
            if (member.id !== needle.id) {
                members.push(member);
            } else if (!this.memberByIdAndRole(replacement.id, member.role)) {
                members.push({id: replacement.id, type: replacement.type, role: member.role});
            }
        }

        return this.update({members: members});
    },

    asJXON: function(changeset_id) {
        var r = {
            relation: {
                '@id': this.osmId(),
                '@version': this.version || 0,
                member: _.map(this.members, function(member) {
                    return { keyAttributes: { type: member.type, role: member.role, ref: iD.Entity.id.toOSM(member.id) } };
                }),
                tag: _.map(this.tags, function(v, k) {
                    return { keyAttributes: { k: k, v: v } };
                })
            }
        };
        if (changeset_id) r.relation['@changeset'] = changeset_id;
        return r;
    },

    asGeoJSON: function(resolver) {
        return resolver.transient(this, 'GeoJSON', function () {
            if (this.isMultipolygon()) {
                return {
                    type: 'MultiPolygon',
                    coordinates: this.multipolygon(resolver)
                };
            } else {
                return {
                    type: 'FeatureCollection',
                    properties: this.tags,
                    features: this.members.map(function (member) {
                        return _.extend({role: member.role}, resolver.entity(member.id).asGeoJSON(resolver));
                    })
                };
            }
        });
    },

    area: function(resolver) {
        return resolver.transient(this, 'area', function() {
            return d3.geo.area(this.asGeoJSON(resolver));
        });
    },

    isMultipolygon: function() {
        return this.tags.type === 'multipolygon';
    },

    isComplete: function(resolver) {
        for (var i = 0; i < this.members.length; i++) {
            if (!resolver.hasEntity(this.members[i].id)) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    },

    isRestriction: function() {
        return !!(this.tags.type && this.tags.type.match(/^restriction:?/));
    },

    // Returns an array [A0, ... An], each Ai being an array of node arrays [Nds0, ... Ndsm],
    // where Nds0 is an outer ring and subsequent Ndsi's (if any i > 0) being inner rings.
    //
    // This corresponds to the structure needed for rendering a multipolygon path using a
    // `evenodd` fill rule, as well as the structure of a GeoJSON MultiPolygon geometry.
    //
    // In the case of invalid geometries, this function will still return a result which
    // includes the nodes of all way members, but some Nds may be unclosed and some inner
    // rings not matched with the intended outer ring.
    //
    multipolygon: function(resolver) {
        var outers = this.members.filter(function(m) { return 'outer' === (m.role || 'outer'); }),
            inners = this.members.filter(function(m) { return 'inner' === m.role; });

        outers = iD.geo.joinWays(outers, resolver);
        inners = iD.geo.joinWays(inners, resolver);

        outers = outers.map(function(outer) { return _.map(outer.nodes, 'loc'); });
        inners = inners.map(function(inner) { return _.map(inner.nodes, 'loc'); });

        var result = outers.map(function(o) {
            // Heuristic for detecting counterclockwise winding order. Assumes
            // that OpenStreetMap polygons are not hemisphere-spanning.
            return [d3.geo.area({type: 'Polygon', coordinates: [o]}) > 2 * Math.PI ? o.reverse() : o];
        });

        function findOuter(inner) {
            var o, outer;

            for (o = 0; o < outers.length; o++) {
                outer = outers[o];
                if (iD.geo.polygonContainsPolygon(outer, inner))
                    return o;
            }

            for (o = 0; o < outers.length; o++) {
                outer = outers[o];
                if (iD.geo.polygonIntersectsPolygon(outer, inner))
                    return o;
            }
        }

        for (var i = 0; i < inners.length; i++) {
            var inner = inners[i];

            if (d3.geo.area({type: 'Polygon', coordinates: [inner]}) < 2 * Math.PI) {
                inner = inner.reverse();
            }

            var o = findOuter(inners[i]);
            if (o !== undefined)
                result[o].push(inners[i]);
            else
                result.push([inners[i]]); // Invalid geometry
        }

        return result;
    }
});
iD.oneWayTags = {
    'aerialway': {
        'chair_lift': true,
        'mixed_lift': true,
        't-bar': true,
        'j-bar': true,
        'platter': true,
        'rope_tow': true,
        'magic_carpet': true,
        'yes': true
    },
    'highway': {
        'motorway': true,
        'motorway_link': true
    },
    'junction': {
        'roundabout': true
    },
    'man_made': {
        'piste:halfpipe': true
    },
    'piste:type': {
        'downhill': true,
        'sled': true,
        'yes': true
    },
    'waterway': {
        'river': true,
        'stream': true
    }
};

iD.pavedTags = {
    'surface': {
        'paved': true,
        'asphalt': true,
        'concrete': true
    },
    'tracktype': {
        'grade1': true
    }
};

iD.interestingTag = function (key) {
    return key !== 'attribution' &&
        key !== 'created_by' &&
        key !== 'source' &&
        key !== 'odbl' &&
        key.indexOf('tiger:') !== 0;

};
iD.Tree = function(head) {
    var rtree = rbush(),
        rectangles = {};

    function entityRectangle(entity) {
        var rect = entity.extent(head).rectangle();
        rect.id = entity.id;
        rectangles[entity.id] = rect;
        return rect;
    }

    function updateParents(entity, insertions, memo) {
        head.parentWays(entity).forEach(function(way) {
            if (rectangles[way.id]) {
                rtree.remove(rectangles[way.id]);
                insertions[way.id] = way;
            }
            updateParents(way, insertions, memo);
        });

        head.parentRelations(entity).forEach(function(relation) {
            if (memo[entity.id]) return;
            memo[entity.id] = true;
            if (rectangles[relation.id]) {
                rtree.remove(rectangles[relation.id]);
                insertions[relation.id] = relation;
            }
            updateParents(relation, insertions, memo);
        });
    }

    var tree = {};

    tree.rebase = function(entities, force) {
        var insertions = {};

        for (var i = 0; i < entities.length; i++) {
            var entity = entities[i];

            if (!entity.visible)
                continue;

            if (head.entities.hasOwnProperty(entity.id) || rectangles[entity.id]) {
                if (!force) {
                    continue;
                } else if (rectangles[entity.id]) {
                    rtree.remove(rectangles[entity.id]);
                }
            }

            insertions[entity.id] = entity;
            updateParents(entity, insertions, {});
        }

        rtree.load(_.map(insertions, entityRectangle));

        return tree;
    };

    tree.intersects = function(extent, graph) {
        if (graph !== head) {
            var diff = iD.Difference(head, graph),
                insertions = {};

            head = graph;

            diff.deleted().forEach(function(entity) {
                rtree.remove(rectangles[entity.id]);
                delete rectangles[entity.id];
            });

            diff.modified().forEach(function(entity) {
                rtree.remove(rectangles[entity.id]);
                insertions[entity.id] = entity;
                updateParents(entity, insertions, {});
            });

            diff.created().forEach(function(entity) {
                insertions[entity.id] = entity;
            });

            rtree.load(_.map(insertions, entityRectangle));
        }

        return rtree.search(extent.rectangle()).map(function(rect) {
            return head.entity(rect.id);
        });
    };

    return tree;
};
iD.Way = iD.Entity.way = function iD_Way() {
    if (!(this instanceof iD_Way)) {
        return (new iD_Way()).initialize(arguments);
    } else if (arguments.length) {
        this.initialize(arguments);
    }
};

iD.Way.prototype = Object.create(iD.Entity.prototype);

_.extend(iD.Way.prototype, {
    type: 'way',
    nodes: [],

    copy: function(resolver, copies) {
        if (copies[this.id])
            return copies[this.id];

        var copy = iD.Entity.prototype.copy.call(this, resolver, copies);

        var nodes = this.nodes.map(function(id) {
            return resolver.entity(id).copy(resolver, copies).id;
        });

        copy = copy.update({nodes: nodes});
        copies[this.id] = copy;

        return copy;
    },

    extent: function(resolver) {
        return resolver.transient(this, 'extent', function() {
            var extent = iD.geo.Extent();
            for (var i = 0; i < this.nodes.length; i++) {
                var node = resolver.hasEntity(this.nodes[i]);
                if (node) {
                    extent._extend(node.extent());
                }
            }
            return extent;
        });
    },

    first: function() {
        return this.nodes[0];
    },

    last: function() {
        return this.nodes[this.nodes.length - 1];
    },

    contains: function(node) {
        return this.nodes.indexOf(node) >= 0;
    },

    affix: function(node) {
        if (this.nodes[0] === node) return 'prefix';
        if (this.nodes[this.nodes.length - 1] === node) return 'suffix';
    },

    layer: function() {
        // explicit layer tag, clamp between -10, 10..
        if (this.tags.layer !== undefined) {
            return Math.max(-10, Math.min(+(this.tags.layer), 10));
        }

        // implied layer tag..
        if (this.tags.location === 'overground') return 1;
        if (this.tags.location === 'underground') return -1;
        if (this.tags.location === 'underwater') return -10;

        if (this.tags.power === 'line') return 10;
        if (this.tags.power === 'minor_line') return 10;
        if (this.tags.aerialway) return 10;
        if (this.tags.bridge) return 1;
        if (this.tags.cutting) return -1;
        if (this.tags.tunnel) return -1;
        if (this.tags.waterway) return -1;
        if (this.tags.man_made === 'pipeline') return -10;
        if (this.tags.boundary) return -10;
        return 0;
    },

    isOneWay: function() {
        // explicit oneway tag..
        if (['yes', '1', '-1'].indexOf(this.tags.oneway) !== -1) { return true; }
        if (['no', '0'].indexOf(this.tags.oneway) !== -1) { return false; }

        // implied oneway tag..
        for (var key in this.tags) {
            if (key in iD.oneWayTags && (this.tags[key] in iD.oneWayTags[key]))
                return true;
        }
        return false;
    },

    isClosed: function() {
        return this.nodes.length > 0 && this.first() === this.last();
    },

    isConvex: function(resolver) {
        if (!this.isClosed() || this.isDegenerate()) return null;

        var nodes = _.uniq(resolver.childNodes(this)),
            coords = _.map(nodes, 'loc'),
            curr = 0, prev = 0;

        for (var i = 0; i < coords.length; i++) {
            var o = coords[(i+1) % coords.length],
                a = coords[i],
                b = coords[(i+2) % coords.length],
                res = iD.geo.cross(o, a, b);

            curr = (res > 0) ? 1 : (res < 0) ? -1 : 0;
            if (curr === 0) {
                continue;
            } else if (prev && curr !== prev) {
                return false;
            }
            prev = curr;
        }
        return true;
    },

    isArea: function() {
        if (this.tags.area === 'yes')
            return true;
        if (!this.isClosed() || this.tags.area === 'no')
            return false;
        for (var key in this.tags)
            if (key in iD.areaKeys && !(this.tags[key] in iD.areaKeys[key]))
                return true;
        return false;
    },

    isDegenerate: function() {
        return _.uniq(this.nodes).length < (this.isArea() ? 3 : 2);
    },

    areAdjacent: function(n1, n2) {
        for (var i = 0; i < this.nodes.length; i++) {
            if (this.nodes[i] === n1) {
                if (this.nodes[i - 1] === n2) return true;
                if (this.nodes[i + 1] === n2) return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    },

    geometry: function(graph) {
        return graph.transient(this, 'geometry', function() {
            return this.isArea() ? 'area' : 'line';
        });
    },

    addNode: function(id, index) {
        var nodes = this.nodes.slice();
        nodes.splice(index === undefined ? nodes.length : index, 0, id);
        return this.update({nodes: nodes});
    },

    updateNode: function(id, index) {
        var nodes = this.nodes.slice();
        nodes.splice(index, 1, id);
        return this.update({nodes: nodes});
    },

    replaceNode: function(needle, replacement) {
        if (this.nodes.indexOf(needle) < 0)
            return this;

        var nodes = this.nodes.slice();
        for (var i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) {
            if (nodes[i] === needle) {
                nodes[i] = replacement;
            }
        }
        return this.update({nodes: nodes});
    },

    removeNode: function(id) {
        var nodes = [];

        for (var i = 0; i < this.nodes.length; i++) {
            var node = this.nodes[i];
            if (node !== id && nodes[nodes.length - 1] !== node) {
                nodes.push(node);
            }
        }

        // Preserve circularity
        if (this.nodes.length > 1 && this.first() === id && this.last() === id && nodes[nodes.length - 1] !== nodes[0]) {
            nodes.push(nodes[0]);
        }

        return this.update({nodes: nodes});
    },

    asJXON: function(changeset_id) {
        var r = {
            way: {
                '@id': this.osmId(),
                '@version': this.version || 0,
                nd: _.map(this.nodes, function(id) {
                    return { keyAttributes: { ref: iD.Entity.id.toOSM(id) } };
                }),
                tag: _.map(this.tags, function(v, k) {
                    return { keyAttributes: { k: k, v: v } };
                })
            }
        };
        if (changeset_id) r.way['@changeset'] = changeset_id;
        return r;
    },

    asGeoJSON: function(resolver) {
        return resolver.transient(this, 'GeoJSON', function() {
            var coordinates = _.map(resolver.childNodes(this), 'loc');
            if (this.isArea() && this.isClosed()) {
                return {
                    type: 'Polygon',
                    coordinates: [coordinates]
                };
            } else {
                return {
                    type: 'LineString',
                    coordinates: coordinates
                };
            }
        });
    },

    area: function(resolver) {
        return resolver.transient(this, 'area', function() {
            var nodes = resolver.childNodes(this);

            var json = {
                type: 'Polygon',
                coordinates: [_.map(nodes, 'loc')]
            };

            if (!this.isClosed() && nodes.length) {
                json.coordinates[0].push(nodes[0].loc);
            }

            var area = d3.geo.area(json);

            // Heuristic for detecting counterclockwise winding order. Assumes
            // that OpenStreetMap polygons are not hemisphere-spanning.
            if (area > 2 * Math.PI) {
                json.coordinates[0] = json.coordinates[0].reverse();
                area = d3.geo.area(json);
            }

            return isNaN(area) ? 0 : area;
        });
    }
});
iD.Background = function(context) {
    var dispatch = d3.dispatch('change'),
        baseLayer = iD.TileLayer(context).projection(context.projection),
        overlayLayers = [],
        backgroundSources;


    function findSource(id) {
        return _.find(backgroundSources, function(d) {
            return d.id && d.id === id;
        });
    }


    function background(selection) {
        var base = selection.selectAll('.layer-background')
            .data([0]);

        base.enter()
            .insert('div', '.layer-data')
            .attr('class', 'layer layer-background');

        base.call(baseLayer);

        var overlays = selection.selectAll('.layer-overlay')
            .data(overlayLayers, function(d) { return d.source().name(); });

        overlays.enter()
            .insert('div', '.layer-data')
            .attr('class', 'layer layer-overlay');

        overlays.each(function(layer) {
            d3.select(this).call(layer);
        });

        overlays.exit()
            .remove();
    }


    background.updateImagery = function() {
        var b = background.baseLayerSource(),
            o = overlayLayers.map(function (d) { return d.source().id; }).join(','),
            meters = iD.geo.offsetToMeters(b.offset()),
            epsilon = 0.01,
            x = +meters[0].toFixed(2),
            y = +meters[1].toFixed(2),
            q = iD.util.stringQs(location.hash.substring(1));

        var id = b.id;
        if (id === 'custom') {
            id = 'custom:' + b.template;
        }

        if (id) {
            q.background = id;
        } else {
            delete q.background;
        }

        if (o) {
            q.overlays = o;
        } else {
            delete q.overlays;
        }

        if (Math.abs(x) > epsilon || Math.abs(y) > epsilon) {
            q.offset = x + ',' + y;
        } else {
            delete q.offset;
        }

        location.replace('#' + iD.util.qsString(q, true));

        var imageryUsed = [b.imageryUsed()];

        overlayLayers.forEach(function (d) {
            var source = d.source();
            if (!source.isLocatorOverlay()) {
                imageryUsed.push(source.imageryUsed());
            }
        });

        var gpx = context.layers().layer('gpx');
        if (gpx && gpx.enabled() && gpx.hasGpx()) {
            imageryUsed.push('Local GPX');
        }

        var mapillary_images = context.layers().layer('mapillary-images');
        if (mapillary_images && mapillary_images.enabled()) {
            imageryUsed.push('Mapillary Images');
        }

        var mapillary_signs = context.layers().layer('mapillary-signs');
        if (mapillary_signs && mapillary_signs.enabled()) {
            imageryUsed.push('Mapillary Signs');
        }

        context.history().imageryUsed(imageryUsed);
    };

    background.sources = function(extent) {
        return backgroundSources.filter(function(source) {
            return source.intersects(extent);
        });
    };

    background.dimensions = function(_) {
        baseLayer.dimensions(_);

        overlayLayers.forEach(function(layer) {
            layer.dimensions(_);
        });
    };

    background.baseLayerSource = function(d) {
        if (!arguments.length) return baseLayer.source();
        baseLayer.source(d);
        dispatch.change();
        background.updateImagery();
        return background;
    };

    background.bing = function() {
        background.baseLayerSource(findSource('Bing'));
    };

    background.showsLayer = function(d) {
        return d === baseLayer.source() ||
            (d.id === 'custom' && baseLayer.source().id === 'custom') ||
            overlayLayers.some(function(l) { return l.source() === d; });
    };

    background.overlayLayerSources = function() {
        return overlayLayers.map(function (l) { return l.source(); });
    };

    background.toggleOverlayLayer = function(d) {
        var layer;

        for (var i = 0; i < overlayLayers.length; i++) {
            layer = overlayLayers[i];
            if (layer.source() === d) {
                overlayLayers.splice(i, 1);
                dispatch.change();
                background.updateImagery();
                return;
            }
        }

        layer = iD.TileLayer(context)
            .source(d)
            .projection(context.projection)
            .dimensions(baseLayer.dimensions());

        overlayLayers.push(layer);
        dispatch.change();
        background.updateImagery();
    };

    background.nudge = function(d, zoom) {
        baseLayer.source().nudge(d, zoom);
        dispatch.change();
        background.updateImagery();
        return background;
    };

    background.offset = function(d) {
        if (!arguments.length) return baseLayer.source().offset();
        baseLayer.source().offset(d);
        dispatch.change();
        background.updateImagery();
        return background;
    };

    background.load = function(imagery) {
        function parseMap(qmap) {
            if (!qmap) return false;
            var args = qmap.split('/').map(Number);
            if (args.length < 3 || args.some(isNaN)) return false;
            return iD.geo.Extent([args[1], args[2]]);
        }

        var q = iD.util.stringQs(location.hash.substring(1)),
            chosen = q.background || q.layer,
            extent = parseMap(q.map),
            best;

        backgroundSources = imagery.map(function(source) {
            if (source.type === 'bing') {
                return iD.BackgroundSource.Bing(source, dispatch);
            } else {
                return iD.BackgroundSource(source);
            }
        });

        backgroundSources.unshift(iD.BackgroundSource.None());

        if (!chosen && extent) {
            best = _.find(this.sources(extent), function(s) { return s.best(); });
        }

        if (chosen && chosen.indexOf('custom:') === 0) {
            background.baseLayerSource(iD.BackgroundSource.Custom(chosen.replace(/^custom:/, '')));
        } else {
            background.baseLayerSource(findSource(chosen) || best || findSource('Bing') || backgroundSources[1] || backgroundSources[0]);
        }

        var locator = _.find(backgroundSources, function(d) {
            return d.overlay && d.default;
        });

        if (locator) {
            background.toggleOverlayLayer(locator);
        }

        var overlays = (q.overlays || '').split(',');
        overlays.forEach(function(overlay) {
            overlay = findSource(overlay);
            if (overlay) {
                background.toggleOverlayLayer(overlay);
            }
        });

        if (q.gpx) {
            var gpx = context.layers().layer('gpx');
            if (gpx) {
                gpx.url(q.gpx);
            }
        }

        if (q.offset) {
            var offset = q.offset.replace(/;/g, ',').split(',').map(function(n) {
                return !isNaN(n) && n;
            });

            if (offset.length === 2) {
                background.offset(iD.geo.metersToOffset(offset));
            }
        }
    };

    return d3.rebind(background, dispatch, 'on');
};
iD.BackgroundSource = function(data) {
    var source = _.clone(data),
        offset = [0, 0],
        name = source.name,
        best = !!source.best;

    source.scaleExtent = data.scaleExtent || [0, 20];
    source.overzoom = data.overzoom !== false;

    source.offset = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return offset;
        offset = _;
        return source;
    };

    source.nudge = function(_, zoomlevel) {
        offset[0] += _[0] / Math.pow(2, zoomlevel);
        offset[1] += _[1] / Math.pow(2, zoomlevel);
        return source;
    };

    source.name = function() {
        return name;
    };

    source.best = function() {
        return best;
    };

    source.area = function() {
        if (!data.polygon) return Number.MAX_VALUE;  // worldwide
        var area = d3.geo.area({ type: 'MultiPolygon', coordinates: [ data.polygon ] });
        return isNaN(area) ? 0 : area;
    };

    source.imageryUsed = function() {
        return source.id || name;
    };

    source.url = function(coord) {
        return data.template
            .replace('{x}', coord[0])
            .replace('{y}', coord[1])
            // TMS-flipped y coordinate
            .replace(/\{[t-]y\}/, Math.pow(2, coord[2]) - coord[1] - 1)
            .replace(/\{z(oom)?\}/, coord[2])
            .replace(/\{switch:([^}]+)\}/, function(s, r) {
                var subdomains = r.split(',');
                return subdomains[(coord[0] + coord[1]) % subdomains.length];
            })
            .replace('{u}', function() {
                var u = '';
                for (var zoom = coord[2]; zoom > 0; zoom--) {
                    var b = 0;
                    var mask = 1 << (zoom - 1);
                    if ((coord[0] & mask) !== 0) b++;
                    if ((coord[1] & mask) !== 0) b += 2;
                    u += b.toString();
                }
                return u;
            });
    };

    source.intersects = function(extent) {
        extent = extent.polygon();
        return !data.polygon || data.polygon.some(function(polygon) {
            return iD.geo.polygonIntersectsPolygon(polygon, extent, true);
        });
    };

    source.validZoom = function(z) {
        return source.scaleExtent[0] <= z &&
            (source.overzoom || source.scaleExtent[1] > z);
    };

    source.isLocatorOverlay = function() {
        return name === 'Locator Overlay';
    };

    source.copyrightNotices = function() {};

    return source;
};

iD.BackgroundSource.Bing = function(data, dispatch) {
    // http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff701716.aspx
    // http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff701701.aspx

    data.template = 'https://ecn.t{switch:0,1,2,3}.tiles.virtualearth.net/tiles/a{u}.jpeg?g=587&mkt=en-gb&n=z';

    var bing = iD.BackgroundSource(data),
        key = 'Arzdiw4nlOJzRwOz__qailc8NiR31Tt51dN2D7cm57NrnceZnCpgOkmJhNpGoppU', // Same as P2 and JOSM
        url = 'https://dev.virtualearth.net/REST/v1/Imagery/Metadata/Aerial?include=ImageryProviders&key=' +
            key + '&jsonp={callback}',
        providers = [];

    d3.jsonp(url, function(json) {
        providers = json.resourceSets[0].resources[0].imageryProviders.map(function(provider) {
            return {
                attribution: provider.attribution,
                areas: provider.coverageAreas.map(function(area) {
                    return {
                        zoom: [area.zoomMin, area.zoomMax],
                        extent: iD.geo.Extent([area.bbox[1], area.bbox[0]], [area.bbox[3], area.bbox[2]])
                    };
                })
            };
        });
        dispatch.change();
    });

    bing.copyrightNotices = function(zoom, extent) {
        zoom = Math.min(zoom, 21);
        return providers.filter(function(provider) {
            return _.some(provider.areas, function(area) {
                return extent.intersects(area.extent) &&
                    area.zoom[0] <= zoom &&
                    area.zoom[1] >= zoom;
            });
        }).map(function(provider) {
            return provider.attribution;
        }).join(', ');
    };

    bing.logo = 'bing_maps.png';
    bing.terms_url = 'https://blog.openstreetmap.org/2010/11/30/microsoft-imagery-details';

    return bing;
};

iD.BackgroundSource.None = function() {
    var source = iD.BackgroundSource({id: 'none', template: ''});

    source.name = function() {
        return t('background.none');
    };

    source.imageryUsed = function() {
        return 'None';
    };

    source.area = function() {
        return -1;
    };

    return source;
};

iD.BackgroundSource.Custom = function(template) {
    var source = iD.BackgroundSource({id: 'custom', template: template});

    source.name = function() {
        return t('background.custom');
    };

    source.imageryUsed = function() {
        return 'Custom (' + template + ')';
    };

    source.area = function() {
        return -2;
    };

    return source;
};
iD.Features = function(context) {
    var traffic_roads = {
        'motorway': true,
        'motorway_link': true,
        'trunk': true,
        'trunk_link': true,
        'primary': true,
        'primary_link': true,
        'secondary': true,
        'secondary_link': true,
        'tertiary': true,
        'tertiary_link': true,
        'residential': true,
        'unclassified': true,
        'living_street': true
    };

    var service_roads = {
        'service': true,
        'road': true,
        'track': true
    };

    var paths = {
        'path': true,
        'footway': true,
        'cycleway': true,
        'bridleway': true,
        'steps': true,
        'pedestrian': true,
        'corridor': true
    };

    var past_futures = {
        'proposed': true,
        'construction': true,
        'abandoned': true,
        'dismantled': true,
        'disused': true,
        'razed': true,
        'demolished': true,
        'obliterated': true
    };

    var dispatch = d3.dispatch('change', 'redraw'),
        _cullFactor = 1,
        _cache = {},
        _features = {},
        _stats = {},
        _keys = [],
        _hidden = [];

    function update() {
        _hidden = features.hidden();
        dispatch.change();
        dispatch.redraw();
    }

    function defineFeature(k, filter, max) {
        _keys.push(k);
        _features[k] = {
            filter: filter,
            enabled: true,   // whether the user wants it enabled..
            count: 0,
            currentMax: (max || Infinity),
            defaultMax: (max || Infinity),
            enable: function() { this.enabled = true; this.currentMax = this.defaultMax; },
            disable: function() { this.enabled = false; this.currentMax = 0; },
            hidden: function() { return !context.editable() || this.count > this.currentMax * _cullFactor; },
            autoHidden: function() { return this.hidden() && this.currentMax > 0; }
        };
    }


    defineFeature('points', function isPoint(entity, resolver, geometry) {
        return geometry === 'point';
    }, 200);

    defineFeature('traffic_roads', function isTrafficRoad(entity) {
        return traffic_roads[entity.tags.highway];
    });

    defineFeature('service_roads', function isServiceRoad(entity) {
        return service_roads[entity.tags.highway];
    });

    defineFeature('paths', function isPath(entity) {
        return paths[entity.tags.highway];
    });

    defineFeature('buildings', function isBuilding(entity) {
        return (
            !!entity.tags['building:part'] ||
            (!!entity.tags.building && entity.tags.building !== 'no') ||
            entity.tags.amenity === 'shelter' ||
            entity.tags.parking === 'multi-storey' ||
            entity.tags.parking === 'sheds' ||
            entity.tags.parking === 'carports' ||
            entity.tags.parking === 'garage_boxes'
        );
    }, 250);

    defineFeature('landuse', function isLanduse(entity, resolver, geometry) {
        return geometry === 'area' &&
            !_features.buildings.filter(entity) &&
            !_features.water.filter(entity);
    });

    defineFeature('boundaries', function isBoundary(entity) {
        return !!entity.tags.boundary;
    });

    defineFeature('water', function isWater(entity) {
        return (
            !!entity.tags.waterway ||
            entity.tags.natural === 'water' ||
            entity.tags.natural === 'coastline' ||
            entity.tags.natural === 'bay' ||
            entity.tags.landuse === 'pond' ||
            entity.tags.landuse === 'basin' ||
            entity.tags.landuse === 'reservoir' ||
            entity.tags.landuse === 'salt_pond'
        );
    });

    defineFeature('rail', function isRail(entity) {
        return (
            !!entity.tags.railway ||
            entity.tags.landuse === 'railway'
        ) && !(
            traffic_roads[entity.tags.highway] ||
            service_roads[entity.tags.highway] ||
            paths[entity.tags.highway]
        );
    });

    defineFeature('power', function isPower(entity) {
        return !!entity.tags.power;
    });

    // contains a past/future tag, but not in active use as a road/path/cycleway/etc..
    defineFeature('past_future', function isPastFuture(entity) {
        if (
            traffic_roads[entity.tags.highway] ||
            service_roads[entity.tags.highway] ||
            paths[entity.tags.highway]
        ) { return false; }

        var strings = Object.keys(entity.tags);

        for (var i = 0; i < strings.length; i++) {
            var s = strings[i];
            if (past_futures[s] || past_futures[entity.tags[s]]) { return true; }
        }
        return false;
    });

    // Lines or areas that don't match another feature filter.
    // IMPORTANT: The 'others' feature must be the last one defined,
    //   so that code in getMatches can skip this test if `hasMatch = true`
    defineFeature('others', function isOther(entity, resolver, geometry) {
        return (geometry === 'line' || geometry === 'area');
    });


    function features() {}

    features.features = function() {
        return _features;
    };

    features.keys = function() {
        return _keys;
    };

    features.enabled = function(k) {
        if (!arguments.length) {
            return _.filter(_keys, function(k) { return _features[k].enabled; });
        }
        return _features[k] && _features[k].enabled;
    };

    features.disabled = function(k) {
        if (!arguments.length) {
            return _.reject(_keys, function(k) { return _features[k].enabled; });
        }
        return _features[k] && !_features[k].enabled;
    };

    features.hidden = function(k) {
        if (!arguments.length) {
            return _.filter(_keys, function(k) { return _features[k].hidden(); });
        }
        return _features[k] && _features[k].hidden();
    };

    features.autoHidden = function(k) {
        if (!arguments.length) {
            return _.filter(_keys, function(k) { return _features[k].autoHidden(); });
        }
        return _features[k] && _features[k].autoHidden();
    };

    features.enable = function(k) {
        if (_features[k] && !_features[k].enabled) {
            _features[k].enable();
            update();
        }
    };

    features.disable = function(k) {
        if (_features[k] && _features[k].enabled) {
            _features[k].disable();
            update();
        }
    };

    features.toggle = function(k) {
        if (_features[k]) {
            (function(f) { return f.enabled ? f.disable() : f.enable(); }(_features[k]));
            update();
        }
    };

    features.resetStats = function() {
        _.each(_features, function(f) { f.count = 0; });
        dispatch.change();
    };

    features.gatherStats = function(d, resolver, dimensions) {
        var needsRedraw = false,
            type = _.groupBy(d, function(ent) { return ent.type; }),
            entities = [].concat(type.relation || [], type.way || [], type.node || []),
            currHidden, geometry, matches;

        _.each(_features, function(f) { f.count = 0; });

        // adjust the threshold for point/building culling based on viewport size..
        // a _cullFactor of 1 corresponds to a 1000x1000px viewport..
        _cullFactor = dimensions[0] * dimensions[1] / 1000000;

        for (var i = 0; i < entities.length; i++) {
            geometry = entities[i].geometry(resolver);
            if (!(geometry === 'vertex' || geometry === 'relation')) {
                matches = Object.keys(features.getMatches(entities[i], resolver, geometry));
                for (var j = 0; j < matches.length; j++) {
                    _features[matches[j]].count++;
                }
            }
        }

        currHidden = features.hidden();
        if (currHidden !== _hidden) {
            _hidden = currHidden;
            needsRedraw = true;
            dispatch.change();
        }

        return needsRedraw;
    };

    features.stats = function() {
        _.each(_keys, function(k) { _stats[k] = _features[k].count; });
        return _stats;
    };

    features.clear = function(d) {
        for (var i = 0; i < d.length; i++) {
            features.clearEntity(d[i]);
        }
    };

    features.clearEntity = function(entity) {
        delete _cache[iD.Entity.key(entity)];
    };

    features.reset = function() {
        _cache = {};
    };

    features.getMatches = function(entity, resolver, geometry) {
        if (geometry === 'vertex' || geometry === 'relation') return {};

        var ent = iD.Entity.key(entity);
        if (!_cache[ent]) {
            _cache[ent] = {};
        }

        if (!_cache[ent].matches) {
            var matches = {},
                hasMatch = false;

            for (var i = 0; i < _keys.length; i++) {
                if (_keys[i] === 'others') {
                    if (hasMatch) continue;

                    // Multipolygon members:
                    // If an entity...
                    //   1. is a way that hasn't matched other "interesting" feature rules,
                    //   2. and it belongs to a single parent multipolygon relation
                    // ...then match whatever feature rules the parent multipolygon has matched.
                    // see #2548, #2887
                    //
                    // IMPORTANT:
                    // For this to work, getMatches must be called on relations before ways.
                    //
                    if (entity.type === 'way') {
                        var parents = features.getParents(entity, resolver, geometry);
                        if (parents.length === 1 && parents[0].isMultipolygon()) {
                            var pkey = iD.Entity.key(parents[0]);
                            if (_cache[pkey] && _cache[pkey].matches) {
                                matches = _.clone(_cache[pkey].matches);
                                continue;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }

                if (_features[_keys[i]].filter(entity, resolver, geometry)) {
                    matches[_keys[i]] = hasMatch = true;
                }
            }
            _cache[ent].matches = matches;
        }

        return _cache[ent].matches;
    };

    features.getParents = function(entity, resolver, geometry) {
        if (geometry === 'point') return [];

        var ent = iD.Entity.key(entity);
        if (!_cache[ent]) {
            _cache[ent] = {};
        }

        if (!_cache[ent].parents) {
            var parents = [];
            if (geometry === 'vertex') {
                parents = resolver.parentWays(entity);
            } else {   // 'line', 'area', 'relation'
                parents = resolver.parentRelations(entity);
            }
            _cache[ent].parents = parents;
        }
        return _cache[ent].parents;
    };

    features.isHiddenFeature = function(entity, resolver, geometry) {
        if (!_hidden.length) return false;
        if (!entity.version) return false;

        var matches = features.getMatches(entity, resolver, geometry);

        for (var i = 0; i < _hidden.length; i++) {
            if (matches[_hidden[i]]) return true;
        }
        return false;
    };

    features.isHiddenChild = function(entity, resolver, geometry) {
        if (!_hidden.length) return false;
        if (!entity.version || geometry === 'point') return false;

        var parents = features.getParents(entity, resolver, geometry);
        if (!parents.length) return false;

        for (var i = 0; i < parents.length; i++) {
            if (!features.isHidden(parents[i], resolver, parents[i].geometry(resolver))) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    };

    features.hasHiddenConnections = function(entity, resolver) {
        if (!_hidden.length) return false;
        var childNodes, connections;

        if (entity.type === 'midpoint') {
            childNodes = [resolver.entity(entity.edge[0]), resolver.entity(entity.edge[1])];
            connections = [];
        } else {
            childNodes = entity.nodes ? resolver.childNodes(entity) : [];
            connections = features.getParents(entity, resolver, entity.geometry(resolver));
        }

        // gather ways connected to child nodes..
        connections = _.reduce(childNodes, function(result, e) {
            return resolver.isShared(e) ? _.union(result, resolver.parentWays(e)) : result;
        }, connections);

        return connections.length ? _.some(connections, function(e) {
            return features.isHidden(e, resolver, e.geometry(resolver));
        }) : false;
    };

    features.isHidden = function(entity, resolver, geometry) {
        if (!_hidden.length) return false;
        if (!entity.version) return false;

        var fn = (geometry === 'vertex' ? features.isHiddenChild : features.isHiddenFeature);
        return fn(entity, resolver, geometry);
    };

    features.filter = function(d, resolver) {
        if (!_hidden.length) return d;

        var result = [];
        for (var i = 0; i < d.length; i++) {
            var entity = d[i];
            if (!features.isHidden(entity, resolver, entity.geometry(resolver))) {
                result.push(entity);
            }
        }
        return result;
    };

    return d3.rebind(features, dispatch, 'on');
};
iD.Map = function(context) {
    var dimensions = [1, 1],
        dispatch = d3.dispatch('move', 'drawn'),
        projection = context.projection,
        zoom = d3.behavior.zoom()
            .translate(projection.translate())
            .scale(projection.scale() * 2 * Math.PI)
            .scaleExtent([1024, 256 * Math.pow(2, 24)])
            .on('zoom', zoomPan),
        dblclickEnabled = true,
        redrawEnabled = true,
        transformStart,
        transformed = false,
        easing = false,
        minzoom = 0,
        drawLayers = iD.svg.Layers(projection, context),
        drawPoints = iD.svg.Points(projection, context),
        drawVertices = iD.svg.Vertices(projection, context),
        drawLines = iD.svg.Lines(projection),
        drawAreas = iD.svg.Areas(projection),
        drawMidpoints = iD.svg.Midpoints(projection, context),
        drawLabels = iD.svg.Labels(projection, context),
        supersurface,
        wrapper,
        surface,
        mouse,
        mousemove;

    function map(selection) {
        context
            .on('change.map', redraw);
        context.history()
            .on('change.map', redraw);
        context.background()
            .on('change.map', redraw);
        context.features()
            .on('redraw.map', redraw);
        drawLayers
            .on('change.map', function() {
                context.background().updateImagery();
                redraw();
            });

        selection
            .on('dblclick.map', dblClick)
            .call(zoom);

        supersurface = selection.append('div')
            .attr('id', 'supersurface')
            .call(iD.util.setTransform, 0, 0);

        // Need a wrapper div because Opera can't cope with an absolutely positioned
        // SVG element: http://bl.ocks.org/jfirebaugh/6fbfbd922552bf776c16
        wrapper = supersurface
            .append('div')
            .attr('class', 'layer layer-data');

        map.surface = surface = wrapper
            .call(drawLayers)
            .selectAll('.surface')
            .attr('id', 'surface');

        surface
            .on('mousedown.zoom', function() {
                if (d3.event.button === 2) {
                    d3.event.stopPropagation();
                }
            }, true)
            .on('mouseup.zoom', function() {
                if (resetTransform()) redraw();
            })
            .on('mousemove.map', function() {
                mousemove = d3.event;
            })
            .on('mouseover.vertices', function() {
                if (map.editable() && !transformed) {
                    var hover = d3.event.target.__data__;
                    surface.call(drawVertices.drawHover, context.graph(), hover, map.extent(), map.zoom());
                    dispatch.drawn({full: false});
                }
            })
            .on('mouseout.vertices', function() {
                if (map.editable() && !transformed) {
                    var hover = d3.event.relatedTarget && d3.event.relatedTarget.__data__;
                    surface.call(drawVertices.drawHover, context.graph(), hover, map.extent(), map.zoom());
                    dispatch.drawn({full: false});
                }
            });


        supersurface
            .call(context.background());


        context.on('enter.map', function() {
            if (map.editable() && !transformed) {
                var all = context.intersects(map.extent()),
                    filter = d3.functor(true),
                    graph = context.graph();

                all = context.features().filter(all, graph);
                surface
                    .call(drawVertices, graph, all, filter, map.extent(), map.zoom())
                    .call(drawMidpoints, graph, all, filter, map.trimmedExtent());
                dispatch.drawn({full: false});
            }
        });

        map.dimensions(selection.dimensions());

        drawLabels.supersurface(supersurface);
    }

    function pxCenter() {
        return [dimensions[0] / 2, dimensions[1] / 2];
    }

    function drawVector(difference, extent) {
        var graph = context.graph(),
            features = context.features(),
            all = context.intersects(map.extent()),
            data, filter;

        if (difference) {
            var complete = difference.complete(map.extent());
            data = _.compact(_.values(complete));
            filter = function(d) { return d.id in complete; };
            features.clear(data);

        } else {
            // force a full redraw if gatherStats detects that a feature
            // should be auto-hidden (e.g. points or buildings)..
            if (features.gatherStats(all, graph, dimensions)) {
                extent = undefined;
            }

            if (extent) {
                data = context.intersects(map.extent().intersection(extent));
                var set = d3.set(_.map(data, 'id'));
                filter = function(d) { return set.has(d.id); };

            } else {
                data = all;
                filter = d3.functor(true);
            }
        }

        data = features.filter(data, graph);

        surface
            .call(drawVertices, graph, data, filter, map.extent(), map.zoom())
            .call(drawLines, graph, data, filter)
            .call(drawAreas, graph, data, filter)
            .call(drawMidpoints, graph, data, filter, map.trimmedExtent())
            .call(drawLabels, graph, data, filter, dimensions, !difference && !extent)
            .call(drawPoints, graph, data, filter);

        dispatch.drawn({full: true});
    }

    function editOff() {
        context.features().resetStats();
        surface.selectAll('.layer-osm *').remove();
        dispatch.drawn({full: true});
    }

    function dblClick() {
        if (!dblclickEnabled) {
            d3.event.preventDefault();
            d3.event.stopImmediatePropagation();
        }
    }

    function zoomPan() {
        if (Math.log(d3.event.scale) / Math.LN2 - 8 < minzoom) {
            surface.interrupt();
            iD.ui.flash(context.container())
                .select('.content')
                .text(t('cannot_zoom'));
            setZoom(context.minEditableZoom(), true);
            queueRedraw();
            dispatch.move(map);
            return;
        }

        projection
            .translate(d3.event.translate)
            .scale(d3.event.scale / (2 * Math.PI));

        var scale = d3.event.scale / transformStart[0],
            tX = (d3.event.translate[0] / scale - transformStart[1][0]) * scale,
            tY = (d3.event.translate[1] / scale - transformStart[1][1]) * scale;

        transformed = true;
        iD.util.setTransform(supersurface, tX, tY, scale);
        queueRedraw();

        dispatch.move(map);
    }

    function resetTransform() {
        if (!transformed) return false;

        surface.selectAll('.radial-menu').interrupt().remove();
        iD.util.setTransform(supersurface, 0, 0);
        transformed = false;
        return true;
    }

    function redraw(difference, extent) {
        if (!surface || !redrawEnabled) return;

        clearTimeout(timeoutId);

        // If we are in the middle of a zoom/pan, we can't do differenced redraws.
        // It would result in artifacts where differenced entities are redrawn with
        // one transform and unchanged entities with another.
        if (resetTransform()) {
            difference = extent = undefined;
        }

        var zoom = String(~~map.zoom());
        if (surface.attr('data-zoom') !== zoom) {
            surface.attr('data-zoom', zoom)
                .classed('low-zoom', zoom <= 16);
        }

        if (!difference) {
            supersurface.call(context.background());
        }

        // OSM
        if (map.editable()) {
            context.loadTiles(projection, dimensions);
            drawVector(difference, extent);
        } else {
            editOff();
        }

        wrapper
            .call(drawLayers);

        transformStart = [
            projection.scale() * 2 * Math.PI,
            projection.translate().slice()];

        return map;
    }

    var timeoutId;
    function queueRedraw() {
        timeoutId = setTimeout(function() { redraw(); }, 750);
    }

    function pointLocation(p) {
        var translate = projection.translate(),
            scale = projection.scale() * 2 * Math.PI;
        return [(p[0] - translate[0]) / scale, (p[1] - translate[1]) / scale];
    }

    function locationPoint(l) {
        var translate = projection.translate(),
            scale = projection.scale() * 2 * Math.PI;
        return [l[0] * scale + translate[0], l[1] * scale + translate[1]];
    }

    map.mouse = function() {
        var e = mousemove || d3.event, s;
        while ((s = e.sourceEvent)) e = s;
        return mouse(e);
    };

    map.mouseCoordinates = function() {
        return projection.invert(map.mouse());
    };

    map.dblclickEnable = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return dblclickEnabled;
        dblclickEnabled = _;
        return map;
    };

    map.redrawEnable = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return redrawEnabled;
        redrawEnabled = _;
        return map;
    };

    function interpolateZoom(_) {
        var k = projection.scale(),
            t = projection.translate();

        surface.node().__chart__ = {
            x: t[0],
            y: t[1],
            k: k * 2 * Math.PI
        };

        setZoom(_);
        projection.scale(k).translate(t);  // undo setZoom projection changes

        zoom.event(surface.transition());
    }

    function setZoom(_, force) {
        if (_ === map.zoom() && !force)
            return false;
        var scale = 256 * Math.pow(2, _),
            center = pxCenter(),
            l = pointLocation(center);
        scale = Math.max(1024, Math.min(256 * Math.pow(2, 24), scale));
        projection.scale(scale / (2 * Math.PI));
        zoom.scale(scale);
        var t = projection.translate();
        l = locationPoint(l);
        t[0] += center[0] - l[0];
        t[1] += center[1] - l[1];
        projection.translate(t);
        zoom.translate(projection.translate());
        return true;
    }

    function setCenter(_) {
        var c = map.center();
        if (_[0] === c[0] && _[1] === c[1])
            return false;
        var t = projection.translate(),
            pxC = pxCenter(),
            ll = projection(_);
        projection.translate([
            t[0] - ll[0] + pxC[0],
            t[1] - ll[1] + pxC[1]]);
        zoom.translate(projection.translate());
        return true;
    }

    map.pan = function(d) {
        var t = projection.translate();
        t[0] += d[0];
        t[1] += d[1];
        projection.translate(t);
        zoom.translate(projection.translate());
        dispatch.move(map);
        return redraw();
    };

    map.dimensions = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return dimensions;
        var center = map.center();
        dimensions = _;
        drawLayers.dimensions(dimensions);
        context.background().dimensions(dimensions);
        projection.clipExtent([[0, 0], dimensions]);
        mouse = iD.util.fastMouse(supersurface.node());
        setCenter(center);
        return redraw();
    };

    function zoomIn(integer) {
      interpolateZoom(~~map.zoom() + integer);
    }

    function zoomOut(integer) {
      interpolateZoom(~~map.zoom() - integer);
    }

    map.zoomIn = function() { zoomIn(1); };
    map.zoomInFurther = function() { zoomIn(4); };

    map.zoomOut = function() { zoomOut(1); };
    map.zoomOutFurther = function() { zoomOut(4); };

    map.center = function(loc) {
        if (!arguments.length) {
            return projection.invert(pxCenter());
        }

        if (setCenter(loc)) {
            dispatch.move(map);
        }

        return redraw();
    };

    map.zoom = function(z) {
        if (!arguments.length) {
            return Math.max(Math.log(projection.scale() * 2 * Math.PI) / Math.LN2 - 8, 0);
        }

        if (z < minzoom) {
            surface.interrupt();
            iD.ui.flash(context.container())
                .select('.content')
                .text(t('cannot_zoom'));
            z = context.minEditableZoom();
        }

        if (setZoom(z)) {
            dispatch.move(map);
        }

        return redraw();
    };

    map.zoomTo = function(entity, zoomLimits) {
        var extent = entity.extent(context.graph());
        if (!isFinite(extent.area())) return;

        var zoom = map.trimmedExtentZoom(extent);
        zoomLimits = zoomLimits || [context.minEditableZoom(), 20];
        map.centerZoom(extent.center(), Math.min(Math.max(zoom, zoomLimits[0]), zoomLimits[1]));
    };

    map.centerZoom = function(loc, z) {
        var centered = setCenter(loc),
            zoomed   = setZoom(z);

        if (centered || zoomed) {
            dispatch.move(map);
        }

        return redraw();
    };

    map.centerEase = function(loc2, duration) {
        duration = duration || 250;

        surface.one('mousedown.ease', function() {
            map.cancelEase();
        });

        if (easing) {
            map.cancelEase();
        }

        var t1 = Date.now(),
            t2 = t1 + duration,
            loc1 = map.center(),
            ease = d3.ease('cubic-in-out');

        easing = true;

        d3.timer(function() {
            if (!easing) return true;  // cancelled ease

            var tNow = Date.now();
            if (tNow > t2) {
                tNow = t2;
                easing = false;
            }

            var locNow = iD.geo.interp(loc1, loc2, ease((tNow - t1) / duration));
            setCenter(locNow);

            d3.event = {
                scale: zoom.scale(),
                translate: zoom.translate()
            };

            zoomPan();
            return !easing;
        });

        return map;
    };

    map.cancelEase = function() {
        easing = false;
        d3.timer.flush();
        return map;
    };

    map.extent = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) {
            return new iD.geo.Extent(projection.invert([0, dimensions[1]]),
                                 projection.invert([dimensions[0], 0]));
        } else {
            var extent = iD.geo.Extent(_);
            map.centerZoom(extent.center(), map.extentZoom(extent));
        }
    };

    map.trimmedExtent = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) {
            var headerY = 60, footerY = 30, pad = 10;
            return new iD.geo.Extent(projection.invert([pad, dimensions[1] - footerY - pad]),
                    projection.invert([dimensions[0] - pad, headerY + pad]));
        } else {
            var extent = iD.geo.Extent(_);
            map.centerZoom(extent.center(), map.trimmedExtentZoom(extent));
        }
    };

    function calcZoom(extent, dim) {
        var tl = projection([extent[0][0], extent[1][1]]),
            br = projection([extent[1][0], extent[0][1]]);

        // Calculate maximum zoom that fits extent
        var hFactor = (br[0] - tl[0]) / dim[0],
            vFactor = (br[1] - tl[1]) / dim[1],
            hZoomDiff = Math.log(Math.abs(hFactor)) / Math.LN2,
            vZoomDiff = Math.log(Math.abs(vFactor)) / Math.LN2,
            newZoom = map.zoom() - Math.max(hZoomDiff, vZoomDiff);

        return newZoom;
    }

    map.extentZoom = function(_) {
        return calcZoom(iD.geo.Extent(_), dimensions);
    };

    map.trimmedExtentZoom = function(_) {
        var trimY = 120, trimX = 40,
            trimmed = [dimensions[0] - trimX, dimensions[1] - trimY];
        return calcZoom(iD.geo.Extent(_), trimmed);
    };

    map.editable = function() {
        return map.zoom() >= context.minEditableZoom();
    };

    map.minzoom = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return minzoom;
        minzoom = _;
        return map;
    };

    map.layers = drawLayers;

    return d3.rebind(map, dispatch, 'on');
};
iD.TileLayer = function(context) {
    var tileSize = 256,
        tile = d3.geo.tile(),
        projection,
        cache = {},
        tileOrigin,
        z,
        transformProp = iD.util.prefixCSSProperty('Transform'),
        source = d3.functor('');


    // blacklist overlay tiles around Null Island..
    function nearNullIsland(x, y, z) {
        if (z >= 7) {
            var center = Math.pow(2, z - 1),
                width = Math.pow(2, z - 6),
                min = center - (width / 2),
                max = center + (width / 2) - 1;
            return x >= min && x <= max && y >= min && y <= max;
        }
        return false;
    }

    function tileSizeAtZoom(d, z) {
        var epsilon = 0.002;
        return ((tileSize * Math.pow(2, z - d[2])) / tileSize) + epsilon;
    }

    function atZoom(t, distance) {
        var power = Math.pow(2, distance);
        return [
            Math.floor(t[0] * power),
            Math.floor(t[1] * power),
            t[2] + distance];
    }

    function lookUp(d) {
        for (var up = -1; up > -d[2]; up--) {
            var tile = atZoom(d, up);
            if (cache[source.url(tile)] !== false) {
                return tile;
            }
        }
    }

    function uniqueBy(a, n) {
        var o = [], seen = {};
        for (var i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
            if (seen[a[i][n]] === undefined) {
                o.push(a[i]);
                seen[a[i][n]] = true;
            }
        }
        return o;
    }

    function addSource(d) {
        d.push(source.url(d));
        return d;
    }

    // Update tiles based on current state of `projection`.
    function background(selection) {
        tile.scale(projection.scale() * 2 * Math.PI)
            .translate(projection.translate());

        tileOrigin = [
            projection.scale() * Math.PI - projection.translate()[0],
            projection.scale() * Math.PI - projection.translate()[1]];

        z = Math.max(Math.log(projection.scale() * 2 * Math.PI) / Math.log(2) - 8, 0);

        render(selection);
    }

    // Derive the tiles onscreen, remove those offscreen and position them.
    // Important that this part not depend on `projection` because it's
    // rentered when tiles load/error (see #644).
    function render(selection) {
        var requests = [];
        var showDebug = context.debugTile() && !source.overlay;

        if (source.validZoom(z)) {
            tile().forEach(function(d) {
                addSource(d);
                if (d[3] === '') return;
                if (typeof d[3] !== 'string') return; // Workaround for chrome crash https://github.com/openstreetmap/iD/issues/2295
                requests.push(d);
                if (cache[d[3]] === false && lookUp(d)) {
                    requests.push(addSource(lookUp(d)));
                }
            });

            requests = uniqueBy(requests, 3).filter(function(r) {
                if (!!source.overlay && nearNullIsland(r[0], r[1], r[2])) {
                    return false;
                }
                // don't re-request tiles which have failed in the past
                return cache[r[3]] !== false;
            });
        }

        var pixelOffset = [
            source.offset()[0] * Math.pow(2, z),
            source.offset()[1] * Math.pow(2, z)
        ];

        function load(d) {
            cache[d[3]] = true;
            d3.select(this)
                .on('error', null)
                .on('load', null)
                .classed('tile-loaded', true);
            render(selection);
        }

        function error(d) {
            cache[d[3]] = false;
            d3.select(this)
                .on('error', null)
                .on('load', null)
                .remove();
            render(selection);
        }

        function imageTransform(d) {
            var _ts = tileSize * Math.pow(2, z - d[2]);
            var scale = tileSizeAtZoom(d, z);
            return 'translate(' +
                ((d[0] * _ts) - tileOrigin[0] + pixelOffset[0]) + 'px,' +
                ((d[1] * _ts) - tileOrigin[1] + pixelOffset[1]) + 'px)' +
                'scale(' + scale + ',' + scale + ')';
        }

        function debugTransform(d) {
            var _ts = tileSize * Math.pow(2, z - d[2]);
            var scale = tileSizeAtZoom(d, z);
            return 'translate(' +
                ((d[0] * _ts) - tileOrigin[0] + pixelOffset[0] + scale * (tileSize / 4)) + 'px,' +
                ((d[1] * _ts) - tileOrigin[1] + pixelOffset[1] + scale * (tileSize / 2)) + 'px)';
        }

        var image = selection
            .selectAll('img')
            .data(requests, function(d) { return d[3]; });

        image.exit()
            .style(transformProp, imageTransform)
            .classed('tile-removing', true)
            .each(function() {
                var tile = d3.select(this);
                window.setTimeout(function() {
                    if (tile.classed('tile-removing')) {
                        tile.remove();
                    }
                }, 300);
            });

        image.enter().append('img')
            .attr('class', 'tile')
            .attr('src', function(d) { return d[3]; })
            .on('error', error)
            .on('load', load);

        image
            .style(transformProp, imageTransform)
            .classed('tile-debug', showDebug)
            .classed('tile-removing', false);


        var debug = selection.selectAll('.tile-label-debug')
            .data(showDebug ? requests : [], function(d) { return d[3]; });

        debug.exit()
            .remove();

        debug.enter()
            .append('div')
            .attr('class', 'tile-label-debug');

        debug
            .text(function(d) { return d[2] + ' / ' + d[0] + ' / ' + d[1]; })
            .style(transformProp, debugTransform);
    }

    background.projection = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return projection;
        projection = _;
        return background;
    };

    background.dimensions = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return tile.size();
        tile.size(_);
        return background;
    };

    background.source = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return source;
        source = _;
        cache = {};
        tile.scaleExtent(source.scaleExtent);
        return background;
    };

    return background;
};
iD.svg = {
    PointTransform: function(projection) {
        return function(entity) {
            // http://jsperf.com/short-array-join
            var pt = projection(entity.loc);
            return 'translate(' + pt[0] + ',' + pt[1] + ')';
        };
    },

    Path: function(projection, graph, polygon) {
        var cache = {},
            clip = d3.geo.clipExtent().extent(projection.clipExtent()).stream,
            project = projection.stream,
            path = d3.geo.path()
                .projection({stream: function(output) { return polygon ? project(output) : project(clip(output)); }});

        return function(entity) {
            if (entity.id in cache) {
                return cache[entity.id];
            } else {
                return cache[entity.id] = path(entity.asGeoJSON(graph));
            }
        };
    },

    OneWaySegments: function(projection, graph, dt) {
        return function(entity) {
            var a,
                b,
                i = 0,
                offset = dt,
                segments = [],
                clip = d3.geo.clipExtent().extent(projection.clipExtent()).stream,
                coordinates = graph.childNodes(entity).map(function(n) {
                    return n.loc;
                });

            if (entity.tags.oneway === '-1') coordinates.reverse();

            d3.geo.stream({
                type: 'LineString',
                coordinates: coordinates
            }, projection.stream(clip({
                lineStart: function() {},
                lineEnd: function() {
                    a = null;
                },
                point: function(x, y) {
                    b = [x, y];

                    if (a) {
                        var span = iD.geo.euclideanDistance(a, b) - offset;

                        if (span >= 0) {
                            var angle = Math.atan2(b[1] - a[1], b[0] - a[0]),
                                dx = dt * Math.cos(angle),
                                dy = dt * Math.sin(angle),
                                p = [a[0] + offset * Math.cos(angle),
                                     a[1] + offset * Math.sin(angle)];

                            var segment = 'M' + a[0] + ',' + a[1] +
                                          'L' + p[0] + ',' + p[1];

                            for (span -= dt; span >= 0; span -= dt) {
                                p[0] += dx;
                                p[1] += dy;
                                segment += 'L' + p[0] + ',' + p[1];
                            }

                            segment += 'L' + b[0] + ',' + b[1];
                            segments.push({id: entity.id, index: i, d: segment});
                        }

                        offset = -span;
                        i++;
                    }

                    a = b;
                }
            })));

            return segments;
        };
    },

    RelationMemberTags: function(graph) {
        return function(entity) {
            var tags = entity.tags;
            graph.parentRelations(entity).forEach(function(relation) {
                var type = relation.tags.type;
                if (type === 'multipolygon' || type === 'boundary') {
                    tags = _.extend({}, relation.tags, tags);
                }
            });
            return tags;
        };
    }
};
iD.svg.Areas = function(projection) {
    // Patterns only work in Firefox when set directly on element.
    // (This is not a bug: https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=750632)
    var patterns = {
        wetland: 'wetland',
        beach: 'beach',
        scrub: 'scrub',
        construction: 'construction',
        military: 'construction',
        cemetery: 'cemetery',
        grave_yard: 'cemetery',
        meadow: 'meadow',
        farm: 'farmland',
        farmland: 'farmland',
        orchard: 'orchard'
    };

    var patternKeys = ['landuse', 'natural', 'amenity'];

    function setPattern(d) {
        for (var i = 0; i < patternKeys.length; i++) {
            if (patterns.hasOwnProperty(d.tags[patternKeys[i]])) {
                this.style.fill = this.style.stroke = 'url("#pattern-' + patterns[d.tags[patternKeys[i]]] + '")';
                return;
            }
        }
        this.style.fill = this.style.stroke = '';
    }

    return function drawAreas(surface, graph, entities, filter) {
        var path = iD.svg.Path(projection, graph, true),
            areas = {},
            multipolygon;

        for (var i = 0; i < entities.length; i++) {
            var entity = entities[i];
            if (entity.geometry(graph) !== 'area') continue;

            multipolygon = iD.geo.isSimpleMultipolygonOuterMember(entity, graph);
            if (multipolygon) {
                areas[multipolygon.id] = {
                    entity: multipolygon.mergeTags(entity.tags),
                    area: Math.abs(entity.area(graph))
                };
            } else if (!areas[entity.id]) {
                areas[entity.id] = {
                    entity: entity,
                    area: Math.abs(entity.area(graph))
                };
            }
        }

        areas = d3.values(areas).filter(function hasPath(a) { return path(a.entity); });
        areas.sort(function areaSort(a, b) { return b.area - a.area; });
        areas = _.map(areas, 'entity');

        var strokes = areas.filter(function(area) {
            return area.type === 'way';
        });

        var data = {
            clip: areas,
            shadow: strokes,
            stroke: strokes,
            fill: areas
        };

        var clipPaths = surface.selectAll('defs').selectAll('.clipPath')
           .filter(filter)
           .data(data.clip, iD.Entity.key);

        clipPaths.enter()
           .append('clipPath')
           .attr('class', 'clipPath')
           .attr('id', function(entity) { return entity.id + '-clippath'; })
           .append('path');

        clipPaths.selectAll('path')
           .attr('d', path);

        clipPaths.exit()
           .remove();

        var areagroup = surface
            .selectAll('.layer-areas')
            .selectAll('g.areagroup')
            .data(['fill', 'shadow', 'stroke']);

        areagroup.enter()
            .append('g')
            .attr('class', function(d) { return 'layer areagroup area-' + d; });

        var paths = areagroup
            .selectAll('path')
            .filter(filter)
            .data(function(layer) { return data[layer]; }, iD.Entity.key);

        // Remove exiting areas first, so they aren't included in the `fills`
        // array used for sorting below (https://github.com/openstreetmap/iD/issues/1903).
        paths.exit()
            .remove();

        var fills = surface.selectAll('.area-fill path.area')[0];

        var bisect = d3.bisector(function(node) {
            return -node.__data__.area(graph);
        }).left;

        function sortedByArea(entity) {
            if (this.__data__ === 'fill') {
                return fills[bisect(fills, -entity.area(graph))];
            }
        }

        paths.enter()
            .insert('path', sortedByArea)
            .each(function(entity) {
                var layer = this.parentNode.__data__;

                this.setAttribute('class', entity.type + ' area ' + layer + ' ' + entity.id);

                if (layer === 'fill') {
                    this.setAttribute('clip-path', 'url(#' + entity.id + '-clippath)');
                    setPattern.apply(this, arguments);
                }
            })
            .call(iD.svg.TagClasses());

        paths
            .attr('d', path);
    };
};
/*
    A standalone SVG element that contains only a `defs` sub-element. To be
    used once globally, since defs IDs must be unique within a document.
*/
iD.svg.Defs = function(context) {

    function SVGSpriteDefinition(id, href) {
        return function(defs) {
            d3.xml(href, 'image/svg+xml', function(err, svg) {
                if (err) return;
                defs.node().appendChild(
                    d3.select(svg.documentElement).attr('id', id).node()
                );
            });
        };
    }

    return function drawDefs(selection) {
        var defs = selection.append('defs');

        // marker
        defs.append('marker')
            .attr({
                id: 'oneway-marker',
                viewBox: '0 0 10 10',
                refY: 2.5,
                refX: 5,
                markerWidth: 2,
                markerHeight: 2,
                markerUnits: 'strokeWidth',
                orient: 'auto'
            })
            .append('path')
            .attr('class', 'oneway')
            .attr('d', 'M 5 3 L 0 3 L 0 2 L 5 2 L 5 0 L 10 2.5 L 5 5 z')
            .attr('stroke', 'none')
            .attr('fill', '#000')
            .attr('opacity', '0.5');

        // patterns
        var patterns = defs.selectAll('pattern')
            .data([
                // pattern name, pattern image name
                ['wetland', 'wetland'],
                ['construction', 'construction'],
                ['cemetery', 'cemetery'],
                ['orchard', 'orchard'],
                ['farmland', 'farmland'],
                ['beach', 'dots'],
                ['scrub', 'dots'],
                ['meadow', 'dots']
            ])
            .enter()
            .append('pattern')
            .attr({
                id: function (d) {
                    return 'pattern-' + d[0];
                },
                width: 32,
                height: 32,
                patternUnits: 'userSpaceOnUse'
            });

        patterns.append('rect')
            .attr({
                x: 0,
                y: 0,
                width: 32,
                height: 32,
                'class': function (d) {
                    return 'pattern-color-' + d[0];
                }
            });

        patterns.append('image')
            .attr({
                x: 0,
                y: 0,
                width: 32,
                height: 32
            })
            .attr('xlink:href', function (d) {
                return context.imagePath('pattern/' + d[1] + '.png');
            });

        // clip paths
        defs.selectAll()
            .data([12, 18, 20, 32, 45])
            .enter().append('clipPath')
            .attr('id', function (d) {
                return 'clip-square-' + d;
            })
            .append('rect')
            .attr('x', 0)
            .attr('y', 0)
            .attr('width', function (d) {
                return d;
            })
            .attr('height', function (d) {
                return d;
            });

        defs.call(SVGSpriteDefinition(
            'iD-sprite',
            context.imagePath('iD-sprite.svg')));

        defs.call(SVGSpriteDefinition(
            'maki-sprite',
            context.imagePath('maki-sprite.svg')));
    };
};
iD.svg.Gpx = function(projection, context, dispatch) {
    var showLabels = true,
        layer;

    function init() {
        if (iD.svg.Gpx.initialized) return;  // run once

        iD.svg.Gpx.geojson = {};
        iD.svg.Gpx.enabled = true;

        function over() {
            d3.event.stopPropagation();
            d3.event.preventDefault();
            d3.event.dataTransfer.dropEffect = 'copy';
        }

        d3.select('body')
            .attr('dropzone', 'copy')
            .on('drop.localgpx', function() {
                d3.event.stopPropagation();
                d3.event.preventDefault();
                if (!iD.detect().filedrop) return;
                drawGpx.files(d3.event.dataTransfer.files);
            })
            .on('dragenter.localgpx', over)
            .on('dragexit.localgpx', over)
            .on('dragover.localgpx', over);

        iD.svg.Gpx.initialized = true;
    }


    function drawGpx(surface) {
        var geojson = iD.svg.Gpx.geojson,
            enabled = iD.svg.Gpx.enabled;

        layer = surface.selectAll('.layer-gpx')
            .data(enabled ? [0] : []);

        layer.enter()
            .append('g')
            .attr('class', 'layer-gpx');

        layer.exit()
            .remove();


        var paths = layer
            .selectAll('path')
            .data([geojson]);

        paths.enter()
            .append('path')
            .attr('class', 'gpx');

        paths.exit()
            .remove();

        var path = d3.geo.path()
            .projection(projection);

        paths
            .attr('d', path);


        var labels = layer.selectAll('text')
            .data(showLabels && geojson.features ? geojson.features : []);

        labels.enter()
            .append('text')
            .attr('class', 'gpx');

        labels.exit()
            .remove();

        labels
            .text(function(d) {
                return d.properties.desc || d.properties.name;
            })
            .attr('x', function(d) {
                var centroid = path.centroid(d);
                return centroid[0] + 7;
            })
            .attr('y', function(d) {
                var centroid = path.centroid(d);
                return centroid[1];
            });

    }

    function toDom(x) {
        return (new DOMParser()).parseFromString(x, 'text/xml');
    }

    drawGpx.showLabels = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return showLabels;
        showLabels = _;
        return this;
    };

    drawGpx.enabled = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return iD.svg.Gpx.enabled;
        iD.svg.Gpx.enabled = _;
        dispatch.change();
        return this;
    };

    drawGpx.hasGpx = function() {
        var geojson = iD.svg.Gpx.geojson;
        return (!(_.isEmpty(geojson) || _.isEmpty(geojson.features)));
    };

    drawGpx.geojson = function(gj) {
        if (!arguments.length) return iD.svg.Gpx.geojson;
        if (_.isEmpty(gj) || _.isEmpty(gj.features)) return this;
        iD.svg.Gpx.geojson = gj;
        dispatch.change();
        return this;
    };

    drawGpx.url = function(url) {
        d3.text(url, function(err, data) {
            if (!err) {
                drawGpx.geojson(toGeoJSON.gpx(toDom(data)));
            }
        });
        return this;
    };

    drawGpx.files = function(fileList) {
        if (!fileList.length) return this;
        var f = fileList[0],
            reader = new FileReader();

        reader.onload = function(e) {
            drawGpx.geojson(toGeoJSON.gpx(toDom(e.target.result))).fitZoom();
        };

        reader.readAsText(f);
        return this;
    };

    drawGpx.fitZoom = function() {
        if (!this.hasGpx()) return this;
        var geojson = iD.svg.Gpx.geojson;

        var map = context.map(),
            viewport = map.trimmedExtent().polygon(),
            coords = _.reduce(geojson.features, function(coords, feature) {
                var c = feature.geometry.coordinates;
                return _.union(coords, feature.geometry.type === 'Point' ? [c] : c);
            }, []);

        if (!iD.geo.polygonIntersectsPolygon(viewport, coords, true)) {
            var extent = iD.geo.Extent(d3.geo.bounds(geojson));
            map.centerZoom(extent.center(), map.trimmedExtentZoom(extent));
        }

        return this;
    };

    init();
    return drawGpx;
};
iD.svg.Icon = function(name, svgklass, useklass) {
    return function drawIcon(selection) {
        selection.selectAll('svg')
            .data([0])
            .enter()
            .append('svg')
            .attr('class', 'icon ' + (svgklass || ''))
            .append('use')
            .attr('xlink:href', name)
            .attr('class', useklass);
    };
};
iD.svg.Labels = function(projection, context) {
    var path = d3.geo.path().projection(projection);

    // Replace with dict and iterate over entities tags instead?
    var label_stack = [
        ['line', 'aeroway'],
        ['line', 'highway'],
        ['line', 'railway'],
        ['line', 'waterway'],
        ['area', 'aeroway'],
        ['area', 'amenity'],
        ['area', 'building'],
        ['area', 'historic'],
        ['area', 'leisure'],
        ['area', 'man_made'],
        ['area', 'natural'],
        ['area', 'shop'],
        ['area', 'tourism'],
        ['point', 'aeroway'],
        ['point', 'amenity'],
        ['point', 'building'],
        ['point', 'historic'],
        ['point', 'leisure'],
        ['point', 'man_made'],
        ['point', 'natural'],
        ['point', 'shop'],
        ['point', 'tourism'],
        ['line', 'name'],
        ['area', 'name'],
        ['point', 'name']
    ];

    var default_size = 12;

    var font_sizes = label_stack.map(function(d) {
        var style = iD.util.getStyle('text.' + d[0] + '.tag-' + d[1]),
            m = style && style.cssText.match('font-size: ([0-9]{1,2})px;');
        if (m) return parseInt(m[1], 10);

        style = iD.util.getStyle('text.' + d[0]);
        m = style && style.cssText.match('font-size: ([0-9]{1,2})px;');
        if (m) return parseInt(m[1], 10);

        return default_size;
    });

    var iconSize = 18;

    var pointOffsets = [
        [15, -11, 'start'], // right
        [10, -11, 'start'], // unused right now
        [-15, -11, 'end']
    ];

    var lineOffsets = [50, 45, 55, 40, 60, 35, 65, 30, 70, 25,
        75, 20, 80, 15, 95, 10, 90, 5, 95];


    var noIcons = ['building', 'landuse', 'natural'];
    function blacklisted(preset) {
        return _.some(noIcons, function(s) {
            return preset.id.indexOf(s) >= 0;
        });
    }

    function get(array, prop) {
        return function(d, i) { return array[i][prop]; };
    }

    var textWidthCache = {};

    function textWidth(text, size, elem) {
        var c = textWidthCache[size];
        if (!c) c = textWidthCache[size] = {};

        if (c[text]) {
            return c[text];

        } else if (elem) {
            c[text] = elem.getComputedTextLength();
            return c[text];

        } else {
            var str = encodeURIComponent(text).match(/%[CDEFcdef]/g);
            if (str === null) {
                return size / 3 * 2 * text.length;
            } else {
                return size / 3 * (2 * text.length + str.length);
            }
        }
    }

    function drawLineLabels(group, entities, filter, classes, labels) {
        var texts = group.selectAll('text.' + classes)
            .filter(filter)
            .data(entities, iD.Entity.key);

        texts.enter()
            .append('text')
            .attr('class', function(d, i) { return classes + ' ' + labels[i].classes + ' ' + d.id; })
            .append('textPath')
            .attr('class', 'textpath');


        texts.selectAll('.textpath')
            .filter(filter)
            .data(entities, iD.Entity.key)
            .attr({
                'startOffset': '50%',
                'xlink:href': function(d) { return '#labelpath-' + d.id; }
            })
            .text(iD.util.displayName);

        texts.exit().remove();
    }

    function drawLinePaths(group, entities, filter, classes, labels) {
        var halos = group.selectAll('path')
            .filter(filter)
            .data(entities, iD.Entity.key);

        halos.enter()
            .append('path')
            .style('stroke-width', get(labels, 'font-size'))
            .attr('id', function(d) { return 'labelpath-' + d.id; })
            .attr('class', classes);

        halos.attr('d', get(labels, 'lineString'));

        halos.exit().remove();
    }

    function drawPointLabels(group, entities, filter, classes, labels) {
        var texts = group.selectAll('text.' + classes)
            .filter(filter)
            .data(entities, iD.Entity.key);

        texts.enter()
            .append('text')
            .attr('class', function(d, i) { return classes + ' ' + labels[i].classes + ' ' + d.id; });

        texts.attr('x', get(labels, 'x'))
            .attr('y', get(labels, 'y'))
            .style('text-anchor', get(labels, 'textAnchor'))
            .text(iD.util.displayName)
            .each(function(d, i) { textWidth(iD.util.displayName(d), labels[i].height, this); });

        texts.exit().remove();
        return texts;
    }

    function drawAreaLabels(group, entities, filter, classes, labels) {
        entities = entities.filter(hasText);
        labels = labels.filter(hasText);
        return drawPointLabels(group, entities, filter, classes, labels);

        function hasText(d, i) {
            return labels[i].hasOwnProperty('x') && labels[i].hasOwnProperty('y');
        }
    }

    function drawAreaIcons(group, entities, filter, classes, labels) {
        var icons = group.selectAll('use')
            .filter(filter)
            .data(entities, iD.Entity.key);

        icons.enter()
            .append('use')
            .attr('class', 'icon areaicon')
            .attr('width', '18px')
            .attr('height', '18px');

        icons.attr('transform', get(labels, 'transform'))
            .attr('xlink:href', function(d) {
                var icon = context.presets().match(d, context.graph()).icon;
                return '#' + icon + (icon === 'hairdresser' ? '-24': '-18');    // workaround: maki hairdresser-18 broken?
            });


        icons.exit().remove();
    }

    function reverse(p) {
        var angle = Math.atan2(p[1][1] - p[0][1], p[1][0] - p[0][0]);
        return !(p[0][0] < p[p.length - 1][0] && angle < Math.PI/2 && angle > -Math.PI/2);
    }

    function lineString(nodes) {
        return 'M' + nodes.join('L');
    }

    function subpath(nodes, from, to) {
        function segmentLength(i) {
            var dx = nodes[i][0] - nodes[i + 1][0];
            var dy = nodes[i][1] - nodes[i + 1][1];
            return Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
        }

        var sofar = 0,
            start, end, i0, i1;
        for (var i = 0; i < nodes.length - 1; i++) {
            var current = segmentLength(i);
            var portion;
            if (!start && sofar + current >= from) {
                portion = (from - sofar) / current;
                start = [
                    nodes[i][0] + portion * (nodes[i + 1][0] - nodes[i][0]),
                    nodes[i][1] + portion * (nodes[i + 1][1] - nodes[i][1])
                ];
                i0 = i + 1;
            }
            if (!end && sofar + current >= to) {
                portion = (to - sofar) / current;
                end = [
                    nodes[i][0] + portion * (nodes[i + 1][0] - nodes[i][0]),
                    nodes[i][1] + portion * (nodes[i + 1][1] - nodes[i][1])
                ];
                i1 = i + 1;
            }
            sofar += current;

        }
        var ret = nodes.slice(i0, i1);
        ret.unshift(start);
        ret.push(end);
        return ret;

    }

    function hideOnMouseover() {
        var layers = d3.select(this)
            .selectAll('.layer-label, .layer-halo');

        layers.selectAll('.proximate')
            .classed('proximate', false);

        var mouse = context.mouse(),
            pad = 50,
            rect = [mouse[0] - pad, mouse[1] - pad, mouse[0] + pad, mouse[1] + pad],
            ids = _.map(rtree.search(rect), 'id');

        if (!ids.length) return;
        layers.selectAll('.' + ids.join(', .'))
            .classed('proximate', true);
    }

    var rtree = rbush(),
        rectangles = {};

    function drawLabels(surface, graph, entities, filter, dimensions, fullRedraw) {
        var hidePoints = !surface.selectAll('.node.point').node();

        var labelable = [], i, k, entity;
        for (i = 0; i < label_stack.length; i++) labelable.push([]);

        if (fullRedraw) {
            rtree.clear();
            rectangles = {};
        } else {
            for (i = 0; i < entities.length; i++) {
                rtree.remove(rectangles[entities[i].id]);
            }
        }

        // Split entities into groups specified by label_stack
        for (i = 0; i < entities.length; i++) {
            entity = entities[i];
            var geometry = entity.geometry(graph);

            if (geometry === 'vertex')
                continue;
            if (hidePoints && geometry === 'point')
                continue;

            var preset = geometry === 'area' && context.presets().match(entity, graph),
                icon = preset && !blacklisted(preset) && preset.icon;

            if (!icon && !iD.util.displayName(entity))
                continue;

            for (k = 0; k < label_stack.length; k++) {
                if (geometry === label_stack[k][0] && entity.tags[label_stack[k][1]]) {
                    labelable[k].push(entity);
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        var positions = {
            point: [],
            line: [],
            area: []
        };

        var labelled = {
            point: [],
            line: [],
            area: []
        };

        // Try and find a valid label for labellable entities
        for (k = 0; k < labelable.length; k++) {
            var font_size = font_sizes[k];
            for (i = 0; i < labelable[k].length; i++) {
                entity = labelable[k][i];
                var name = iD.util.displayName(entity),
                    width = name && textWidth(name, font_size),
                    p;
                if (entity.geometry(graph) === 'point') {
                    p = getPointLabel(entity, width, font_size);
                } else if (entity.geometry(graph) === 'line') {
                    p = getLineLabel(entity, width, font_size);
                } else if (entity.geometry(graph) === 'area') {
                    p = getAreaLabel(entity, width, font_size);
                }
                if (p) {
                    p.classes = entity.geometry(graph) + ' tag-' + label_stack[k][1];
                    positions[entity.geometry(graph)].push(p);
                    labelled[entity.geometry(graph)].push(entity);
                }
            }
        }

        function getPointLabel(entity, width, height) {
            var coord = projection(entity.loc),
                m = 5,  // margin
                offset = pointOffsets[0],
                p = {
                    height: height,
                    width: width,
                    x: coord[0] + offset[0],
                    y: coord[1] + offset[1],
                    textAnchor: offset[2]
                };
            var rect = [p.x - m, p.y - m, p.x + width + m, p.y + height + m];
            if (tryInsert(rect, entity.id)) return p;
        }


        function getLineLabel(entity, width, height) {
            var nodes = _.map(graph.childNodes(entity), 'loc').map(projection),
                length = iD.geo.pathLength(nodes);
            if (length < width + 20) return;

            for (var i = 0; i < lineOffsets.length; i++) {
                var offset = lineOffsets[i],
                    middle = offset / 100 * length,
                    start = middle - width/2;
                if (start < 0 || start + width > length) continue;
                var sub = subpath(nodes, start, start + width),
                    rev = reverse(sub),
                    rect = [
                        Math.min(sub[0][0], sub[sub.length - 1][0]) - 10,
                        Math.min(sub[0][1], sub[sub.length - 1][1]) - 10,
                        Math.max(sub[0][0], sub[sub.length - 1][0]) + 20,
                        Math.max(sub[0][1], sub[sub.length - 1][1]) + 30
                    ];
                if (rev) sub = sub.reverse();
                if (tryInsert(rect, entity.id)) return {
                    'font-size': height + 2,
                    lineString: lineString(sub),
                    startOffset: offset + '%'
                };
            }
        }

        function getAreaLabel(entity, width, height) {
            var centroid = path.centroid(entity.asGeoJSON(graph, true)),
                extent = entity.extent(graph),
                entitywidth = projection(extent[1])[0] - projection(extent[0])[0],
                rect;

            if (isNaN(centroid[0]) || entitywidth < 20) return;

            var iconX = centroid[0] - (iconSize/2),
                iconY = centroid[1] - (iconSize/2),
                textOffset = iconSize + 5;

            var p = {
                transform: 'translate(' + iconX + ',' + iconY + ')'
            };

            if (width && entitywidth >= width + 20) {
                p.x = centroid[0];
                p.y = centroid[1] + textOffset;
                p.textAnchor = 'middle';
                p.height = height;
                rect = [p.x - width/2, p.y, p.x + width/2, p.y + height + textOffset];
            } else {
                rect = [iconX, iconY, iconX + iconSize, iconY + iconSize];
            }

            if (tryInsert(rect, entity.id)) return p;

        }

        function tryInsert(rect, id) {
            // Check that label is visible
            if (rect[0] < 0 || rect[1] < 0 || rect[2] > dimensions[0] ||
                rect[3] > dimensions[1]) return false;
            var v = rtree.search(rect).length === 0;
            if (v) {
                rect.id = id;
                rtree.insert(rect);
                rectangles[id] = rect;
            }
            return v;
        }

        var label = surface.selectAll('.layer-label'),
            halo = surface.selectAll('.layer-halo');

        // points
        drawPointLabels(label, labelled.point, filter, 'pointlabel', positions.point);
        drawPointLabels(halo, labelled.point, filter, 'pointlabel-halo', positions.point);

        // lines
        drawLinePaths(halo, labelled.line, filter, '', positions.line);
        drawLineLabels(label, labelled.line, filter, 'linelabel', positions.line);
        drawLineLabels(halo, labelled.line, filter, 'linelabel-halo', positions.line);

        // areas
        drawAreaLabels(label, labelled.area, filter, 'arealabel', positions.area);
        drawAreaLabels(halo, labelled.area, filter, 'arealabel-halo', positions.area);
        drawAreaIcons(label, labelled.area, filter, 'arealabel-icon', positions.area);

        // debug
        var showDebug = context.debugCollision();
        var debug = label.selectAll('.layer-label-debug')
            .data(showDebug ? [true] : []);

        debug.enter()
            .append('g')
            .attr('class', 'layer-label-debug');

        debug.exit()
            .remove();

        if (showDebug) {
            var gj = rtree.all().map(function(d) {
                return { type: 'Polygon', coordinates: [[
                    [d[0], d[1]],
                    [d[2], d[1]],
                    [d[2], d[3]],
                    [d[0], d[3]],
                    [d[0], d[1]]
                ]]};
            });

            var debugboxes = debug.selectAll('.bbox').data(gj);

            debugboxes.enter()
                .append('path')
                .attr('class', 'bbox');

            debugboxes.exit()
                .remove();

            debugboxes
                .attr('d', d3.geo.path().projection(null));
        }
    }

    drawLabels.supersurface = function(supersurface) {
        supersurface
            .on('mousemove.hidelabels', hideOnMouseover)
            .on('mousedown.hidelabels', function () {
                supersurface.on('mousemove.hidelabels', null);
            })
            .on('mouseup.hidelabels', function () {
                supersurface.on('mousemove.hidelabels', hideOnMouseover);
            });
    };

    return drawLabels;
};
iD.svg.Layers = function(projection, context) {
    var dispatch = d3.dispatch('change'),
        svg = d3.select(null),
        layers = [
            { id: 'osm', layer: iD.svg.Osm(projection, context, dispatch) },
            { id: 'gpx', layer: iD.svg.Gpx(projection, context, dispatch) },
            { id: 'mapillary-images', layer: iD.svg.MapillaryImages(projection, context, dispatch) },
            { id: 'mapillary-signs',  layer: iD.svg.MapillarySigns(projection, context, dispatch) }
        ];


    function drawLayers(selection) {
        svg = selection.selectAll('.surface')
            .data([0]);

        svg.enter()
            .append('svg')
            .attr('class', 'surface')
            .append('defs');

        var groups = svg.selectAll('.data-layer')
            .data(layers);

        groups.enter()
            .append('g')
            .attr('class', function(d) { return 'data-layer data-layer-' + d.id; });

        groups
            .each(function(d) { d3.select(this).call(d.layer); });

        groups.exit()
            .remove();
    }

    drawLayers.all = function() {
        return layers;
    };

    drawLayers.layer = function(id) {
        var obj = _.find(layers, function(o) {return o.id === id;});
        return obj && obj.layer;
    };

    drawLayers.only = function(what) {
        var arr = [].concat(what);
        drawLayers.remove(_.difference(_.map(layers, 'id'), arr));
        return this;
    };

    drawLayers.remove = function(what) {
        var arr = [].concat(what);
        arr.forEach(function(id) {
            layers = _.reject(layers, function(o) {return o.id === id;});
        });
        dispatch.change();
        return this;
    };

    drawLayers.add = function(what) {
        var arr = [].concat(what);
        arr.forEach(function(obj) {
            if ('id' in obj && 'layer' in obj) {
                layers.push(obj);
            }
        });
        dispatch.change();
        return this;
    };

    drawLayers.dimensions = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return svg.dimensions();
        svg.dimensions(_);
        layers.forEach(function(obj) {
            if (obj.layer.dimensions) {
                obj.layer.dimensions(_);
            }
        });
        return this;
    };


    return d3.rebind(drawLayers, dispatch, 'on');
};
iD.svg.Lines = function(projection) {

    var highway_stack = {
        motorway: 0,
        motorway_link: 1,
        trunk: 2,
        trunk_link: 3,
        primary: 4,
        primary_link: 5,
        secondary: 6,
        tertiary: 7,
        unclassified: 8,
        residential: 9,
        service: 10,
        footway: 11
    };

    function waystack(a, b) {
        var as = 0, bs = 0;

        if (a.tags.highway) { as -= highway_stack[a.tags.highway]; }
        if (b.tags.highway) { bs -= highway_stack[b.tags.highway]; }
        return as - bs;
    }

    return function drawLines(surface, graph, entities, filter) {
        var ways = [], pathdata = {}, onewaydata = {},
            getPath = iD.svg.Path(projection, graph);

        for (var i = 0; i < entities.length; i++) {
            var entity = entities[i],
                outer = iD.geo.simpleMultipolygonOuterMember(entity, graph);
            if (outer) {
                ways.push(entity.mergeTags(outer.tags));
            } else if (entity.geometry(graph) === 'line') {
                ways.push(entity);
            }
        }

        ways = ways.filter(getPath);

        pathdata = _.groupBy(ways, function(way) { return way.layer(); });

        _.forOwn(pathdata, function(v, k) {
            onewaydata[k] = _(v)
                .filter(function(d) { return d.isOneWay(); })
                .map(iD.svg.OneWaySegments(projection, graph, 35))
                .flatten()
                .valueOf();
        });

        var layergroup = surface
            .selectAll('.layer-lines')
            .selectAll('g.layergroup')
            .data(d3.range(-10, 11));

        layergroup.enter()
            .append('g')
            .attr('class', function(d) { return 'layer layergroup layer' + String(d); });


        var linegroup = layergroup
            .selectAll('g.linegroup')
            .data(['shadow', 'casing', 'stroke']);

        linegroup.enter()
            .append('g')
            .attr('class', function(d) { return 'layer linegroup line-' + d; });


        var lines = linegroup
            .selectAll('path')
            .filter(filter)
            .data(
                function() { return pathdata[this.parentNode.parentNode.__data__] || []; },
                iD.Entity.key
            );

        // Optimization: call simple TagClasses only on enter selection. This
        // works because iD.Entity.key is defined to include the entity v attribute.
        lines.enter()
            .append('path')
            .attr('class', function(d) { return 'way line ' + this.parentNode.__data__ + ' ' + d.id; })
            .call(iD.svg.TagClasses());

        lines
            .sort(waystack)
            .attr('d', getPath)
            .call(iD.svg.TagClasses().tags(iD.svg.RelationMemberTags(graph)));

        lines.exit()
            .remove();


        var onewaygroup = layergroup
            .selectAll('g.onewaygroup')
            .data(['oneway']);

        onewaygroup.enter()
            .append('g')
            .attr('class', 'layer onewaygroup');


        var oneways = onewaygroup
            .selectAll('path')
            .filter(filter)
            .data(
                function() { return onewaydata[this.parentNode.parentNode.__data__] || []; },
                function(d) { return [d.id, d.index]; }
            );

        oneways.enter()
            .append('path')
            .attr('class', 'oneway')
            .attr('marker-mid', 'url(#oneway-marker)');

        oneways
            .attr('d', function(d) { return d.d; });

        if (iD.detect().ie) {
            oneways.each(function() { this.parentNode.insertBefore(this, this); });
        }

        oneways.exit()
            .remove();

    };
};
iD.svg.MapillaryImages = function(projection, context, dispatch) {
    var debouncedRedraw = _.debounce(function () { dispatch.change(); }, 1000),
        minZoom = 12,
        layer = d3.select(null),
        _mapillary;


    function init() {
        if (iD.svg.MapillaryImages.initialized) return;  // run once
        iD.svg.MapillaryImages.enabled = false;
        iD.svg.MapillaryImages.initialized = true;
    }

    function getMapillary() {
        if (iD.services.mapillary && !_mapillary) {
            _mapillary = iD.services.mapillary();
            _mapillary.on('loadedImages', debouncedRedraw);
        } else if (!iD.services.mapillary && _mapillary) {
            _mapillary = null;
        }

        return _mapillary;
    }

    function showLayer() {
        var mapillary = getMapillary();
        if (!mapillary) return;

        mapillary.loadViewer();
        editOn();

        layer
            .style('opacity', 0)
            .transition()
            .duration(500)
            .style('opacity', 1)
            .each('end', debouncedRedraw);
    }

    function hideLayer() {
        var mapillary = getMapillary();
        if (mapillary) {
            mapillary.hideViewer();
        }

        debouncedRedraw.cancel();

        layer
            .transition()
            .duration(500)
            .style('opacity', 0)
            .each('end', editOff);
    }

    function editOn() {
        layer.style('display', 'block');
    }

    function editOff() {
        layer.selectAll('.viewfield-group').remove();
        layer.style('display', 'none');
    }

    function click(d) {
        var mapillary = getMapillary();
        if (!mapillary) return;

        context.map().centerEase(d.loc);

        mapillary
            .setSelectedImage(d.key, true)
            .updateViewer(d.key, context)
            .showViewer();
    }

    function transform(d) {
        var t = iD.svg.PointTransform(projection)(d);
        if (d.ca) t += ' rotate(' + Math.floor(d.ca) + ',0,0)';
        return t;
    }

    function update() {
        var mapillary = getMapillary(),
            data = (mapillary ? mapillary.images(projection, layer.dimensions()) : []),
            imageKey = mapillary ? mapillary.getSelectedImage() : null;

        var markers = layer.selectAll('.viewfield-group')
            .data(data, function(d) { return d.key; });

        // Enter
        var enter = markers.enter()
            .append('g')
            .attr('class', 'viewfield-group')
            .classed('selected', function(d) { return d.key === imageKey; })
            .on('click', click);

        enter.append('path')
            .attr('class', 'viewfield')
            .attr('transform', 'scale(1.5,1.5),translate(-8, -13)')
            .attr('d', 'M 6,9 C 8,8.4 8,8.4 10,9 L 16,-2 C 12,-5 4,-5 0,-2 z');

        enter.append('circle')
            .attr('dx', '0')
            .attr('dy', '0')
            .attr('r', '6');

        // Exit
        markers.exit()
            .remove();

        // Update
        markers
            .attr('transform', transform);
    }

    function drawImages(selection) {
        var enabled = iD.svg.MapillaryImages.enabled,
            mapillary = getMapillary();

        layer = selection.selectAll('.layer-mapillary-images')
            .data(mapillary ? [0] : []);

        layer.enter()
            .append('g')
            .attr('class', 'layer-mapillary-images')
            .style('display', enabled ? 'block' : 'none');

        layer.exit()
            .remove();

        if (enabled) {
            if (mapillary && ~~context.map().zoom() >= minZoom) {
                editOn();
                update();
                mapillary.loadImages(projection, layer.dimensions());
            } else {
                editOff();
            }
        }
    }

    drawImages.enabled = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return iD.svg.MapillaryImages.enabled;
        iD.svg.MapillaryImages.enabled = _;
        if (iD.svg.MapillaryImages.enabled) {
            showLayer();
        } else {
            hideLayer();
        }
        dispatch.change();
        return this;
    };

    drawImages.supported = function() {
        return !!getMapillary();
    };

    drawImages.dimensions = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return layer.dimensions();
        layer.dimensions(_);
        return this;
    };

    init();
    return drawImages;
};
iD.svg.MapillarySigns = function(projection, context, dispatch) {
    var debouncedRedraw = _.debounce(function () { dispatch.change(); }, 1000),
        minZoom = 12,
        layer = d3.select(null),
        _mapillary;


    function init() {
        if (iD.svg.MapillarySigns.initialized) return;  // run once
        iD.svg.MapillarySigns.enabled = false;
        iD.svg.MapillarySigns.initialized = true;
    }

    function getMapillary() {
        if (iD.services.mapillary && !_mapillary) {
            _mapillary = iD.services.mapillary().on('loadedSigns', debouncedRedraw);
        } else if (!iD.services.mapillary && _mapillary) {
            _mapillary = null;
        }
        return _mapillary;
    }

    function showLayer() {
        editOn();
        debouncedRedraw();
    }

    function hideLayer() {
        debouncedRedraw.cancel();
        editOff();
    }

    function editOn() {
        layer.style('display', 'block');
    }

    function editOff() {
        layer.selectAll('.icon-sign').remove();
        layer.style('display', 'none');
    }

    function click(d) {
        var mapillary = getMapillary();
        if (!mapillary) return;

        context.map().centerEase(d.loc);

        mapillary
            .setSelectedImage(d.key, true)
            .updateViewer(d.key, context)
            .showViewer();
    }

    function update() {
        var mapillary = getMapillary(),
            data = (mapillary ? mapillary.signs(projection, layer.dimensions()) : []),
            imageKey = mapillary ? mapillary.getSelectedImage() : null;

        var signs = layer.selectAll('.icon-sign')
            .data(data, function(d) { return d.key; });

        // Enter
        var enter = signs.enter()
            .append('foreignObject')
            .attr('class', 'icon-sign')
            .attr('width', '32px')      // for Firefox
            .attr('height', '32px')     // for Firefox
            .classed('selected', function(d) { return d.key === imageKey; })
            .on('click', click);

        enter
            .append('xhtml:body')
            .html(mapillary.signHTML);

        // Exit
        signs.exit()
            .remove();

        // Update
        signs
            .attr('transform', iD.svg.PointTransform(projection));
    }

    function drawSigns(selection) {
        var enabled = iD.svg.MapillarySigns.enabled,
            mapillary = getMapillary();

        layer = selection.selectAll('.layer-mapillary-signs')
            .data(mapillary ? [0] : []);

        layer.enter()
            .append('g')
            .attr('class', 'layer-mapillary-signs')
            .style('display', enabled ? 'block' : 'none')
            .attr('transform', 'translate(-16, -16)');  // center signs on loc

        layer.exit()
            .remove();

        if (enabled) {
            if (mapillary && ~~context.map().zoom() >= minZoom) {
                editOn();
                update();
                mapillary.loadSigns(context, projection, layer.dimensions());
            } else {
                editOff();
            }
        }
    }

    drawSigns.enabled = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return iD.svg.MapillarySigns.enabled;
        iD.svg.MapillarySigns.enabled = _;
        if (iD.svg.MapillarySigns.enabled) {
            showLayer();
        } else {
            hideLayer();
        }
        dispatch.change();
        return this;
    };

    drawSigns.supported = function() {
        var mapillary = getMapillary();
        return (mapillary && mapillary.signsSupported());
    };

    drawSigns.dimensions = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return layer.dimensions();
        layer.dimensions(_);
        return this;
    };

    init();
    return drawSigns;
};
iD.svg.Midpoints = function(projection, context) {
    return function drawMidpoints(surface, graph, entities, filter, extent) {
        var poly = extent.polygon(),
            midpoints = {};

        for (var i = 0; i < entities.length; i++) {
            var entity = entities[i];

            if (entity.type !== 'way')
                continue;
            if (!filter(entity))
                continue;
            if (context.selectedIDs().indexOf(entity.id) < 0)
                continue;

            var nodes = graph.childNodes(entity);
            for (var j = 0; j < nodes.length - 1; j++) {

                var a = nodes[j],
                    b = nodes[j + 1],
                    id = [a.id, b.id].sort().join('-');

                if (midpoints[id]) {
                    midpoints[id].parents.push(entity);
                } else {
                    if (iD.geo.euclideanDistance(projection(a.loc), projection(b.loc)) > 40) {
                        var point = iD.geo.interp(a.loc, b.loc, 0.5),
                            loc = null;

                        if (extent.intersects(point)) {
                            loc = point;
                        } else {
                            for (var k = 0; k < 4; k++) {
                                point = iD.geo.lineIntersection([a.loc, b.loc], [poly[k], poly[k+1]]);
                                if (point &&
                                    iD.geo.euclideanDistance(projection(a.loc), projection(point)) > 20 &&
                                    iD.geo.euclideanDistance(projection(b.loc), projection(point)) > 20)
                                {
                                    loc = point;
                                    break;
                                }
                            }
                        }

                        if (loc) {
                            midpoints[id] = {
                                type: 'midpoint',
                                id: id,
                                loc: loc,
                                edge: [a.id, b.id],
                                parents: [entity]
                            };
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        function midpointFilter(d) {
            if (midpoints[d.id])
                return true;

            for (var i = 0; i < d.parents.length; i++)
                if (filter(d.parents[i]))
                    return true;

            return false;
        }

        var groups = surface.selectAll('.layer-hit').selectAll('g.midpoint')
            .filter(midpointFilter)
            .data(_.values(midpoints), function(d) { return d.id; });

        var enter = groups.enter()
            .insert('g', ':first-child')
            .attr('class', 'midpoint');

        enter.append('polygon')
            .attr('points', '-6,8 10,0 -6,-8')
            .attr('class', 'shadow');

        enter.append('polygon')
            .attr('points', '-3,4 5,0 -3,-4')
            .attr('class', 'fill');

        groups
            .attr('transform', function(d) {
                var translate = iD.svg.PointTransform(projection),
                    a = context.entity(d.edge[0]),
                    b = context.entity(d.edge[1]),
                    angle = Math.round(iD.geo.angle(a, b, projection) * (180 / Math.PI));
                return translate(d) + ' rotate(' + angle + ')';
            })
            .call(iD.svg.TagClasses().tags(
                function(d) { return d.parents[0].tags; }
            ));

        // Propagate data bindings.
        groups.select('polygon.shadow');
        groups.select('polygon.fill');

        groups.exit()
            .remove();
    };
};
iD.svg.Osm = function() {
    return function drawOsm(selection) {
        var layers = selection.selectAll('.layer-osm')
            .data(['areas', 'lines', 'hit', 'halo', 'label']);

        layers.enter().append('g')
            .attr('class', function(d) { return 'layer-osm layer-' + d; });
    };
};
iD.svg.Points = function(projection, context) {
    function markerPath(selection, klass) {
        selection
            .attr('class', klass)
            .attr('transform', 'translate(-8, -23)')
            .attr('d', 'M 17,8 C 17,13 11,21 8.5,23.5 C 6,21 0,13 0,8 C 0,4 4,-0.5 8.5,-0.5 C 13,-0.5 17,4 17,8 z');
    }

    function sortY(a, b) {
        return b.loc[1] - a.loc[1];
    }

    return function drawPoints(surface, graph, entities, filter) {
        var wireframe = surface.classed('fill-wireframe'),
            points = wireframe ? [] : _.filter(entities, function(e) {
                return e.geometry(graph) === 'point';
            });

        points.sort(sortY);

        var groups = surface.selectAll('.layer-hit').selectAll('g.point')
            .filter(filter)
            .data(points, iD.Entity.key);

        var group = groups.enter()
            .append('g')
            .attr('class', function(d) { return 'node point ' + d.id; })
            .order();

        group.append('path')
            .call(markerPath, 'shadow');

        group.append('path')
            .call(markerPath, 'stroke');

        group.append('use')
            .attr('transform', 'translate(-6, -20)')
            .attr('class', 'icon')
            .attr('width', '12px')
            .attr('height', '12px');

        groups.attr('transform', iD.svg.PointTransform(projection))
            .call(iD.svg.TagClasses());

        // Selecting the following implicitly
        // sets the data (point entity) on the element
        groups.select('.shadow');
        groups.select('.stroke');
        groups.select('.icon')
            .attr('xlink:href', function(entity) {
                var preset = context.presets().match(entity, graph);
                return preset.icon ? '#' + preset.icon + '-12' : '';
            });

        groups.exit()
            .remove();
    };
};
iD.svg.TagClasses = function() {
    var primaries = [
            'building', 'highway', 'railway', 'waterway', 'aeroway',
            'motorway', 'boundary', 'power', 'amenity', 'natural', 'landuse',
            'leisure', 'place'
        ],
        statuses = [
            'proposed', 'construction', 'disused', 'abandoned', 'dismantled',
            'razed', 'demolished', 'obliterated'
        ],
        secondaries = [
            'oneway', 'bridge', 'tunnel', 'embankment', 'cutting', 'barrier',
            'surface', 'tracktype', 'crossing'
        ],
        tagClassRe = /^tag-/,
        tags = function(entity) { return entity.tags; };


    var tagClasses = function(selection) {
        selection.each(function tagClassesEach(entity) {
            var value = this.className,
                classes, primary, status;

            if (value.baseVal !== undefined) value = value.baseVal;

            classes = value.trim().split(/\s+/).filter(function(name) {
                return name.length && !tagClassRe.test(name);
            }).join(' ');

            var t = tags(entity), i, k, v;

            // pick at most one primary classification tag..
            for (i = 0; i < primaries.length; i++) {
                k = primaries[i];
                v = t[k];
                if (!v || v === 'no') continue;

                primary = k;
                if (statuses.indexOf(v) !== -1) {   // e.g. `railway=abandoned`
                    status = v;
                    classes += ' tag-' + k;
                } else {
                    classes += ' tag-' + k + ' tag-' + k + '-' + v;
                }

                break;
            }

            // add at most one status tag, only if relates to primary tag..
            if (!status) {
                for (i = 0; i < statuses.length; i++) {
                    k = statuses[i];
                    v = t[k];
                    if (!v || v === 'no') continue;

                    if (v === 'yes') {   // e.g. `railway=rail + abandoned=yes`
                        status = k;
                    }
                    else if (primary && primary === v) {  // e.g. `railway=rail + abandoned=railway`
                        status = k;
                    } else if (!primary && primaries.indexOf(v) !== -1) {  // e.g. `abandoned=railway`
                        status = k;
                        primary = v;
                        classes += ' tag-' + v;
                    }  // else ignore e.g.  `highway=path + abandoned=railway`

                    if (status) break;
                }
            }

            if (status) {
                classes += ' tag-status tag-status-' + status;
            }

            // add any secondary (structure) tags
            for (i = 0; i < secondaries.length; i++) {
                k = secondaries[i];
                v = t[k];
                if (!v || v === 'no') continue;
                classes += ' tag-' + k + ' tag-' + k + '-' + v;
            }

            // For highways, look for surface tagging..
            if (primary === 'highway') {
                var paved = (t.highway !== 'track');
                for (k in t) {
                    v = t[k];
                    if (k in iD.pavedTags) {
                        paved = !!iD.pavedTags[k][v];
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if (!paved) {
                    classes += ' tag-unpaved';
                }
            }

            classes = classes.trim();

            if (classes !== value) {
                d3.select(this).attr('class', classes);
            }
        });
    };

    tagClasses.tags = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return tags;
        tags = _;
        return tagClasses;
    };

    return tagClasses;
};
iD.svg.Turns = function(projection) {
    return function drawTurns(surface, graph, turns) {
        function key(turn) {
            return [turn.from.node + turn.via.node + turn.to.node].join('-');
        }

        function icon(turn) {
            var u = turn.u ? '-u' : '';
            if (!turn.restriction)
                return '#turn-yes' + u;
            var restriction = graph.entity(turn.restriction).tags.restriction;
            return '#turn-' +
                (!turn.indirect_restriction && /^only_/.test(restriction) ? 'only' : 'no') + u;
        }

        var groups = surface.selectAll('.layer-hit').selectAll('g.turn')
            .data(turns, key);

        // Enter
        var enter = groups.enter().append('g')
            .attr('class', 'turn');

        var nEnter = enter.filter(function (turn) { return !turn.u; });

        nEnter.append('rect')
            .attr('transform', 'translate(-22, -12)')
            .attr('width', '44')
            .attr('height', '24');

        nEnter.append('use')
            .attr('transform', 'translate(-22, -12)')
            .attr('width', '44')
            .attr('height', '24');


        var uEnter = enter.filter(function (turn) { return turn.u; });

        uEnter.append('circle')
            .attr('r', '16');

        uEnter.append('use')
            .attr('transform', 'translate(-16, -16)')
            .attr('width', '32')
            .attr('height', '32');


        // Update
        groups
            .attr('transform', function (turn) {
                var v = graph.entity(turn.via.node),
                    t = graph.entity(turn.to.node),
                    a = iD.geo.angle(v, t, projection),
                    p = projection(v.loc),
                    r = turn.u ? 0 : 60;

                return 'translate(' + (r * Math.cos(a) + p[0]) + ',' + (r * Math.sin(a) + p[1]) + ') ' +
                    'rotate(' + a * 180 / Math.PI + ')';
            });

        groups.select('use')
            .attr('xlink:href', icon);

        groups.select('rect');
        groups.select('circle');


        // Exit
        groups.exit()
            .remove();

        return this;
    };
};
iD.svg.Vertices = function(projection, context) {
    var radiuses = {
        //       z16-, z17, z18+, tagged
        shadow: [6,    7.5,   7.5,  11.5],
        stroke: [2.5,  3.5,   3.5,  7],
        fill:   [1,    1.5,   1.5,  1.5]
    };

    var hover;

    function siblingAndChildVertices(ids, graph, extent) {
        var vertices = {};

        function addChildVertices(entity) {
            if (!context.features().isHiddenFeature(entity, graph, entity.geometry(graph))) {
                var i;
                if (entity.type === 'way') {
                    for (i = 0; i < entity.nodes.length; i++) {
                        addChildVertices(graph.entity(entity.nodes[i]));
                    }
                } else if (entity.type === 'relation') {
                    for (i = 0; i < entity.members.length; i++) {
                        var member = context.hasEntity(entity.members[i].id);
                        if (member) {
                            addChildVertices(member);
                        }
                    }
                } else if (entity.intersects(extent, graph)) {
                    vertices[entity.id] = entity;
                }
            }
        }

        ids.forEach(function(id) {
            var entity = context.hasEntity(id);
            if (entity && entity.type === 'node') {
                vertices[entity.id] = entity;
                context.graph().parentWays(entity).forEach(function(entity) {
                    addChildVertices(entity);
                });
            } else if (entity) {
                addChildVertices(entity);
            }
        });

        return vertices;
    }

    function draw(selection, vertices, klass, graph, zoom) {
        var icons = {},
            z = (zoom < 17 ? 0 : zoom < 18 ? 1 : 2);

        var groups = selection
            .data(vertices, iD.Entity.key);

        function icon(entity) {
            if (entity.id in icons) return icons[entity.id];
            icons[entity.id] =
                entity.hasInterestingTags() &&
                context.presets().match(entity, graph).icon;
            return icons[entity.id];
        }

        function setClass(klass) {
            return function(entity) {
                this.setAttribute('class', 'node vertex ' + klass + ' ' + entity.id);
            };
        }

        function setAttributes(selection) {
            ['shadow','stroke','fill'].forEach(function(klass) {
                var rads = radiuses[klass];
                selection.selectAll('.' + klass)
                    .each(function(entity) {
                        var i = z && icon(entity),
                            c = i ? 0.5 : 0,
                            r = rads[i ? 3 : z];
                        this.setAttribute('cx', c);
                        this.setAttribute('cy', -c);
                        this.setAttribute('r', r);
                        if (i && klass === 'fill') {
                            this.setAttribute('visibility', 'hidden');
                        } else {
                            this.removeAttribute('visibility');
                        }
                    });
            });

            selection.selectAll('use')
                .each(function() {
                    if (z) {
                        this.removeAttribute('visibility');
                    } else {
                        this.setAttribute('visibility', 'hidden');
                    }
                });
        }

        var enter = groups.enter()
            .append('g')
            .attr('class', function(d) { return 'node vertex ' + klass + ' ' + d.id; });

        enter.append('circle')
            .each(setClass('shadow'));

        enter.append('circle')
            .each(setClass('stroke'));

        // Vertices with icons get a `use`.
        enter.filter(function(d) { return icon(d); })
            .append('use')
            .attr('transform', 'translate(-6, -6)')
            .attr('xlink:href', function(d) { return '#' + icon(d) + '-12'; })
            .attr('width', '12px')
            .attr('height', '12px')
            .each(setClass('icon'));

        // Vertices with tags get a fill.
        enter.filter(function(d) { return d.hasInterestingTags(); })
            .append('circle')
            .each(setClass('fill'));

        groups
            .attr('transform', iD.svg.PointTransform(projection))
            .classed('shared', function(entity) { return graph.isShared(entity); })
            .call(setAttributes);

        groups.exit()
            .remove();
    }

    function drawVertices(surface, graph, entities, filter, extent, zoom) {
        var selected = siblingAndChildVertices(context.selectedIDs(), graph, extent),
            wireframe = surface.classed('fill-wireframe'),
            vertices = [];

        for (var i = 0; i < entities.length; i++) {
            var entity = entities[i],
                geometry = entity.geometry(graph);

            if (wireframe && geometry === 'point') {
                vertices.push(entity);
                continue;
            }

            if (geometry !== 'vertex')
                continue;

            if (entity.id in selected ||
                entity.hasInterestingTags() ||
                entity.isIntersection(graph)) {
                vertices.push(entity);
            }
        }

        surface.selectAll('.layer-hit').selectAll('g.vertex.vertex-persistent')
            .filter(filter)
            .call(draw, vertices, 'vertex-persistent', graph, zoom);

        drawHover(surface, graph, extent, zoom);
    }

    function drawHover(surface, graph, extent, zoom) {
        var hovered = hover ? siblingAndChildVertices([hover.id], graph, extent) : {};

        surface.selectAll('.layer-hit').selectAll('g.vertex.vertex-hover')
            .call(draw, d3.values(hovered), 'vertex-hover', graph, zoom);
    }

    drawVertices.drawHover = function(surface, graph, target, extent, zoom) {
        if (target === hover) return;
        hover = target;
        drawHover(surface, graph, extent, zoom);
    };

    return drawVertices;
};
iD.ui = function(context) {
    function render(container) {
        var map = context.map();

        if (iD.detect().opera) container.classed('opera', true);

        var hash = iD.behavior.Hash(context);

        hash();

        if (!hash.hadHash) {
            map.centerZoom([0, 0], 2);
        }

        container.append('svg')
            .attr('id', 'defs')
            .call(iD.svg.Defs(context));

        container.append('div')
            .attr('id', 'sidebar')
            .attr('class', 'col4')
            .call(ui.sidebar);

        var content = container.append('div')
            .attr('id', 'content');

        var bar = content.append('div')
            .attr('id', 'bar')
            .attr('class', 'fillD');

        content.append('div')
            .attr('id', 'map')
            .call(map);

        content
            .call(iD.ui.MapInMap(context));

        content.append('div')
            .call(iD.ui.Info(context));

        bar.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'spacer col4');

        var limiter = bar.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'limiter');

        limiter.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'button-wrap joined col3')
            .call(iD.ui.Modes(context), limiter);

        limiter.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'button-wrap joined col1')
            .call(iD.ui.UndoRedo(context));

        limiter.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'button-wrap col1')
            .call(iD.ui.Save(context));

        bar.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'full-screen')
            .call(iD.ui.FullScreen(context));

        bar.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'spinner')
            .call(iD.ui.Spinner(context));

        var controls = bar.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'map-controls');

        controls.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'map-control zoombuttons')
            .call(iD.ui.Zoom(context));

        controls.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'map-control geolocate-control')
            .call(iD.ui.Geolocate(context));

        controls.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'map-control background-control')
            .call(iD.ui.Background(context));

        controls.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'map-control map-data-control')
            .call(iD.ui.MapData(context));

        controls.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'map-control help-control')
            .call(iD.ui.Help(context));

        var about = content.append('div')
            .attr('id', 'about');

        about.append('div')
            .attr('id', 'attrib')
            .call(iD.ui.Attribution(context));

        var footer = about.append('div')
            .attr('id', 'footer')
            .attr('class', 'fillD');

        footer.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'api-status')
            .call(iD.ui.Status(context));

        footer.append('div')
            .attr('id', 'scale-block')
            .call(iD.ui.Scale(context));

        var aboutList = footer.append('div')
            .attr('id', 'info-block')
            .append('ul')
            .attr('id', 'about-list');

        if (!context.embed()) {
            aboutList.call(iD.ui.Account(context));
        }

        aboutList.append('li')
            .append('a')
            .attr('target', '_blank')
            .attr('tabindex', -1)
            .attr('href', 'https://github.com/openstreetmap/iD')
            .text(iD.version);

        var issueLinks = aboutList.append('li');

        issueLinks.append('a')
            .attr('target', '_blank')
            .attr('tabindex', -1)
            .attr('href', 'https://github.com/openstreetmap/iD/issues')
            .call(iD.svg.Icon('#icon-bug', 'light'))
            .call(bootstrap.tooltip()
                .title(t('report_a_bug'))
                .placement('top')
            );

        issueLinks.append('a')
            .attr('target', '_blank')
            .attr('tabindex', -1)
            .attr('href', 'https://github.com/openstreetmap/iD/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#translating')
            .call(iD.svg.Icon('#icon-translate', 'light'))
            .call(bootstrap.tooltip()
                .title(t('help_translate'))
                .placement('top')
            );

        aboutList.append('li')
            .attr('class', 'feature-warning')
            .attr('tabindex', -1)
            .call(iD.ui.FeatureInfo(context));

        aboutList.append('li')
            .attr('class', 'user-list')
            .attr('tabindex', -1)
            .call(iD.ui.Contributors(context));

        window.onbeforeunload = function() {
            return context.save();
        };

        window.onunload = function() {
            context.history().unlock();
        };

        var mapDimensions = map.dimensions();

        d3.select(window).on('resize.editor', function() {
            mapDimensions = content.dimensions(null);
            map.dimensions(mapDimensions);
        });

        function pan(d) {
            return function() {
                d3.event.preventDefault();
                if (!context.inIntro()) context.pan(d);
            };
        }

        // pan amount
        var pa = 10;

        var keybinding = d3.keybinding('main')
            .on('⌫', function() { d3.event.preventDefault(); })
            .on('←', pan([pa, 0]))
            .on('↑', pan([0, pa]))
            .on('→', pan([-pa, 0]))
            .on('↓', pan([0, -pa]))
            .on('⇧←', pan([mapDimensions[0], 0]))
            .on('⇧↑', pan([0, mapDimensions[1]]))
            .on('⇧→', pan([-mapDimensions[0], 0]))
            .on('⇧↓', pan([0, -mapDimensions[1]]))
            .on(iD.ui.cmd('⌘←'), pan([mapDimensions[0], 0]))
            .on(iD.ui.cmd('⌘↑'), pan([0, mapDimensions[1]]))
            .on(iD.ui.cmd('⌘→'), pan([-mapDimensions[0], 0]))
            .on(iD.ui.cmd('⌘↓'), pan([0, -mapDimensions[1]]));

        d3.select(document)
            .call(keybinding);

        context.enter(iD.modes.Browse(context));

        context.container()
            .call(iD.ui.Splash(context))
            .call(iD.ui.Restore(context));

        var authenticating = iD.ui.Loading(context)
            .message(t('loading_auth'));

        context.connection()
            .on('authenticating.ui', function() {
                context.container()
                    .call(authenticating);
            })
            .on('authenticated.ui', function() {
                authenticating.close();
            });
    }

    function ui(container) {
        context.container(container);
        context.loadLocale(function() {
            render(container);
        });
    }

    ui.sidebar = iD.ui.Sidebar(context);

    return ui;
};

iD.ui.tooltipHtml = function(text, key) {
    var s = '<span>' + text + '</span>';
    if (key) {
        s += '<div class="keyhint-wrap">' +
            '<span> ' + (t('tooltip_keyhint')) + ' </span>' +
            '<span class="keyhint"> ' + key + '</span></div>';
    }
    return s;
};
iD.ui.Account = function(context) {
    var connection = context.connection();

    function update(selection) {
        if (!connection.authenticated()) {
            selection.selectAll('#userLink, #logoutLink')
                .classed('hide', true);
            return;
        }

        connection.userDetails(function(err, details) {
            var userLink = selection.select('#userLink'),
                logoutLink = selection.select('#logoutLink');

            userLink.html('');
            logoutLink.html('');

            if (err) return;

            selection.selectAll('#userLink, #logoutLink')
                .classed('hide', false);

            // Link
            userLink.append('a')
                .attr('href', connection.userURL(details.display_name))
                .attr('target', '_blank');

            // Add thumbnail or dont
            if (details.image_url) {
                userLink.append('img')
                    .attr('class', 'icon pre-text user-icon')
                    .attr('src', details.image_url);
            } else {
                userLink
                    .call(iD.svg.Icon('#icon-avatar', 'pre-text light'));
            }

            // Add user name
            userLink.append('span')
                .attr('class', 'label')
                .text(details.display_name);

            logoutLink.append('a')
                .attr('class', 'logout')
                .attr('href', '#')
                .text(t('logout'))
                .on('click.logout', function() {
                    d3.event.preventDefault();
                    connection.logout();
                });
        });
    }

    return function(selection) {
        selection.append('li')
            .attr('id', 'logoutLink')
            .classed('hide', true);

        selection.append('li')
            .attr('id', 'userLink')
            .classed('hide', true);

        connection.on('auth.account', function() { update(selection); });
        update(selection);
    };
};
iD.ui.Attribution = function(context) {
    var selection;

    function attribution(data, klass) {
        var div = selection.selectAll('.' + klass)
            .data([0]);

        div.enter()
            .append('div')
            .attr('class', klass);

        var background = div.selectAll('.attribution')
            .data(data, function(d) { return d.name(); });

        background.enter()
            .append('span')
            .attr('class', 'attribution')
            .each(function(d) {
                if (d.terms_html) {
                    d3.select(this)
                        .html(d.terms_html);
                    return;
                }

                var source = d.terms_text || d.id || d.name();

                if (d.logo) {
                    source = '<img class="source-image" src="' + context.imagePath(d.logo) + '">';
                }

                if (d.terms_url) {
                    d3.select(this)
                        .append('a')
                        .attr('href', d.terms_url)
                        .attr('target', '_blank')
                        .html(source);
                } else {
                    d3.select(this)
                        .text(source);
                }
            });

        background.exit()
            .remove();

        var copyright = background.selectAll('.copyright-notice')
            .data(function(d) {
                var notice = d.copyrightNotices(context.map().zoom(), context.map().extent());
                return notice ? [notice] : [];
            });

        copyright.enter()
            .append('span')
            .attr('class', 'copyright-notice');

        copyright.text(String);

        copyright.exit()
            .remove();
    }

    function update() {
        attribution([context.background().baseLayerSource()], 'base-layer-attribution');
        attribution(context.background().overlayLayerSources().filter(function (s) {
            return s.validZoom(context.map().zoom());
        }), 'overlay-layer-attribution');
    }

    return function(select) {
        selection = select;

        context.background()
            .on('change.attribution', update);

        context.map()
            .on('move.attribution', _.throttle(update, 400, {leading: false}));

        update();
    };
};
iD.ui.Background = function(context) {
    var key = 'B',
        opacities = [1, 0.75, 0.5, 0.25],
        directions = [
            ['right', [0.5, 0]],
            ['top', [0, -0.5]],
            ['left', [-0.5, 0]],
            ['bottom', [0, 0.5]]],
        opacityDefault = (context.storage('background-opacity') !== null) ?
            (+context.storage('background-opacity')) : 1.0,
        customTemplate = context.storage('background-custom-template') || '',
        previous;

    // Can be 0 from <1.3.0 use or due to issue #1923.
    if (opacityDefault === 0) opacityDefault = 1.0;


    function background(selection) {

        function sortSources(a, b) {
            return a.best() && !b.best() ? -1
                : b.best() && !a.best() ? 1
                : d3.descending(a.area(), b.area()) || d3.ascending(a.name(), b.name()) || 0;
        }

        function setOpacity(d) {
            var bg = context.container().selectAll('.layer-background')
                .transition()
                .style('opacity', d)
                .attr('data-opacity', d);

            if (!iD.detect().opera) {
                iD.util.setTransform(bg, 0, 0);
            }

            opacityList.selectAll('li')
                .classed('active', function(_) { return _ === d; });

            context.storage('background-opacity', d);
        }

        function setTooltips(selection) {
            selection.each(function(d) {
                var item = d3.select(this);
                if (d === previous) {
                    item.call(bootstrap.tooltip()
                        .html(true)
                        .title(function() {
                            var tip = '<div>' + t('background.switch') + '</div>';
                            return iD.ui.tooltipHtml(tip, iD.ui.cmd('⌘B'));
                        })
                        .placement('top')
                    );
                } else if (d.description) {
                    item.call(bootstrap.tooltip()
                        .title(d.description)
                        .placement('top')
                    );
                } else {
                    item.call(bootstrap.tooltip().destroy);
                }
            });
        }

        function selectLayer() {
            function active(d) {
                return context.background().showsLayer(d);
            }

            content.selectAll('.layer, .custom_layer')
                .classed('active', active)
                .classed('switch', function(d) { return d === previous; })
                .call(setTooltips)
                .selectAll('input')
                .property('checked', active);
        }

        function clickSetSource(d) {
            previous = context.background().baseLayerSource();
            d3.event.preventDefault();
            context.background().baseLayerSource(d);
            selectLayer();
            document.activeElement.blur();
        }

        function editCustom() {
            d3.event.preventDefault();
            var template = window.prompt(t('background.custom_prompt'), customTemplate);
            if (!template ||
                template.indexOf('google.com') !== -1 ||
                template.indexOf('googleapis.com') !== -1 ||
                template.indexOf('google.ru') !== -1) {
                selectLayer();
                return;
            }
            setCustom(template);
        }

        function setCustom(template) {
            context.background().baseLayerSource(iD.BackgroundSource.Custom(template));
            selectLayer();
            context.storage('background-custom-template', template);
        }

        function clickSetOverlay(d) {
            d3.event.preventDefault();
            context.background().toggleOverlayLayer(d);
            selectLayer();
            document.activeElement.blur();
        }

        function drawList(layerList, type, change, filter) {
            var sources = context.background()
                .sources(context.map().extent())
                .filter(filter);

            var layerLinks = layerList.selectAll('li.layer')
                .data(sources, function(d) { return d.name(); });

            var enter = layerLinks.enter()
                .insert('li', '.custom_layer')
                .attr('class', 'layer')
                .classed('best', function(d) { return d.best(); });

            enter.filter(function(d) { return d.best(); })
                .append('div')
                .attr('class', 'best')
                .call(bootstrap.tooltip()
                    .title(t('background.best_imagery'))
                    .placement('left'))
                .append('span')
                .html('&#9733;');

            var label = enter.append('label');

            label.append('input')
                .attr('type', type)
                .attr('name', 'layers')
                .on('change', change);

            label.append('span')
                .text(function(d) { return d.name(); });


            layerLinks.exit()
                .remove();

            layerList.selectAll('li.layer')
                .sort(sortSources)
                .style('display', layerList.selectAll('li.layer').data().length > 0 ? 'block' : 'none');
        }

        function update() {
            backgroundList.call(drawList, 'radio', clickSetSource, function(d) { return !d.overlay; });
            overlayList.call(drawList, 'checkbox', clickSetOverlay, function(d) { return d.overlay; });

            selectLayer();

            var source = context.background().baseLayerSource();
            if (source.id === 'custom') {
                customTemplate = source.template;
            }

            updateOffsetVal();
        }

        function updateOffsetVal() {
            var meters = iD.geo.offsetToMeters(context.background().offset()),
                x = +meters[0].toFixed(2),
                y = +meters[1].toFixed(2);

            d3.selectAll('.nudge-inner-rect')
                .select('input')
                .classed('error', false)
                .property('value', x + ', ' + y);

            d3.selectAll('.nudge-reset')
                .classed('disabled', function() {
                    return (x === 0 && y === 0);
                });
        }

        function resetOffset() {
            context.background().offset([0, 0]);
            updateOffsetVal();
        }

        function nudge(d) {
            context.background().nudge(d, context.map().zoom());
            updateOffsetVal();
        }

        function buttonOffset(d) {
            var timeout = window.setTimeout(function() {
                    interval = window.setInterval(nudge.bind(null, d), 100);
                }, 500),
                interval;

            d3.select(window).on('mouseup', function() {
                window.clearInterval(interval);
                window.clearTimeout(timeout);
                d3.select(window).on('mouseup', null);
            });

            nudge(d);
        }

        function inputOffset() {
            var input = d3.select(this);
            var d = input.node().value;

            if (d === '') return resetOffset();

            d = d.replace(/;/g, ',').split(',').map(function(n) {
                // if n is NaN, it will always get mapped to false.
                return !isNaN(n) && n;
            });

            if (d.length !== 2 || !d[0] || !d[1]) {
                input.classed('error', true);
                return;
            }

            context.background().offset(iD.geo.metersToOffset(d));
            updateOffsetVal();
        }

        function dragOffset() {
            var origin = [d3.event.clientX, d3.event.clientY];

            context.container()
                .append('div')
                .attr('class', 'nudge-surface');

            d3.select(window)
                .on('mousemove.offset', function() {
                    var latest = [d3.event.clientX, d3.event.clientY];
                    var d = [
                        -(origin[0] - latest[0]) / 4,
                        -(origin[1] - latest[1]) / 4
                    ];

                    origin = latest;
                    nudge(d);
                })
                .on('mouseup.offset', function() {
                    d3.selectAll('.nudge-surface')
                        .remove();

                    d3.select(window)
                        .on('mousemove.offset', null)
                        .on('mouseup.offset', null);
                });

            d3.event.preventDefault();
        }

        function hide() {
            setVisible(false);
        }

        function toggle() {
            if (d3.event) d3.event.preventDefault();
            tooltip.hide(button);
            setVisible(!button.classed('active'));
        }

        function quickSwitch() {
            if (previous) {
                clickSetSource(previous);
            }
        }

        function setVisible(show) {
            if (show !== shown) {
                button.classed('active', show);
                shown = show;

                if (show) {
                    selection.on('mousedown.background-inside', function() {
                        return d3.event.stopPropagation();
                    });
                    content.style('display', 'block')
                        .style('right', '-300px')
                        .transition()
                        .duration(200)
                        .style('right', '0px');
                } else {
                    content.style('display', 'block')
                        .style('right', '0px')
                        .transition()
                        .duration(200)
                        .style('right', '-300px')
                        .each('end', function() {
                            d3.select(this).style('display', 'none');
                        });
                    selection.on('mousedown.background-inside', null);
                }
            }
        }


        var content = selection.append('div')
                .attr('class', 'fillL map-overlay col3 content hide'),
            tooltip = bootstrap.tooltip()
                .placement('left')
                .html(true)
                .title(iD.ui.tooltipHtml(t('background.description'), key)),
            button = selection.append('button')
                .attr('tabindex', -1)
                .on('click', toggle)
                .call(iD.svg.Icon('#icon-layers', 'light'))
                .call(tooltip),
            shown = false;


        /* opacity switcher */

        var opa = content.append('div')
                .attr('class', 'opacity-options-wrapper');

        opa.append('h4')
            .text(t('background.title'));

        var opacityList = opa.append('ul')
            .attr('class', 'opacity-options');

        opacityList.selectAll('div.opacity')
            .data(opacities)
            .enter()
            .append('li')
            .attr('data-original-title', function(d) {
                return t('background.percent_brightness', { opacity: (d * 100) });
            })
            .on('click.set-opacity', setOpacity)
            .html('<div class="select-box"></div>')
            .call(bootstrap.tooltip()
                .placement('left'))
            .append('div')
            .attr('class', 'opacity')
            .style('opacity', function(d) { return 1.25 - d; });


        /* background switcher */

        var backgroundList = content.append('ul')
            .attr('class', 'layer-list');

        var custom = backgroundList.append('li')
            .attr('class', 'custom_layer')
            .datum(iD.BackgroundSource.Custom());

        custom.append('button')
            .attr('class', 'layer-browse')
            .call(bootstrap.tooltip()
                .title(t('background.custom_button'))
                .placement('left'))
            .on('click', editCustom)
            .call(iD.svg.Icon('#icon-search'));

        var label = custom.append('label');

        label.append('input')
            .attr('type', 'radio')
            .attr('name', 'layers')
            .on('change', function () {
                if (customTemplate) {
                    setCustom(customTemplate);
                } else {
                    editCustom();
                }
            });

        label.append('span')
            .text(t('background.custom'));

        content.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'imagery-faq')
            .append('a')
            .attr('target', '_blank')
            .attr('tabindex', -1)
            .call(iD.svg.Icon('#icon-out-link', 'inline'))
            .attr('href', 'https://github.com/openstreetmap/iD/blob/master/FAQ.md#how-can-i-report-an-issue-with-background-imagery')
            .append('span')
            .text(t('background.imagery_source_faq'));

        var overlayList = content.append('ul')
            .attr('class', 'layer-list');

        var controls = content.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'controls-list');


        /* minimap toggle */

        var minimapLabel = controls
            .append('label')
            .call(bootstrap.tooltip()
                .html(true)
                .title(iD.ui.tooltipHtml(t('background.minimap.tooltip'), '/'))
                .placement('top')
            );

        minimapLabel.classed('minimap-toggle', true)
            .append('input')
            .attr('type', 'checkbox')
            .on('change', function() {
                iD.ui.MapInMap.toggle();
                d3.event.preventDefault();
            });

        minimapLabel.append('span')
            .text(t('background.minimap.description'));


        /* imagery offset controls */

        var adjustments = content.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'adjustments');

        adjustments.append('a')
            .text(t('background.fix_misalignment'))
            .attr('href', '#')
            .classed('hide-toggle', true)
            .classed('expanded', false)
            .on('click', function() {
                var exp = d3.select(this).classed('expanded');
                nudgeContainer.style('display', exp ? 'none' : 'block');
                d3.select(this).classed('expanded', !exp);
                d3.event.preventDefault();
            });

        var nudgeContainer = adjustments.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'nudge-container cf')
            .style('display', 'none');

        nudgeContainer.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'nudge-instructions')
            .text(t('background.offset'));

        var nudgeRect = nudgeContainer.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'nudge-outer-rect')
            .on('mousedown', dragOffset);

        nudgeRect.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'nudge-inner-rect')
            .append('input')
            .on('change', inputOffset)
            .on('mousedown', function() {
                d3.event.stopPropagation();
            });

        nudgeContainer.append('div')
            .selectAll('button')
            .data(directions).enter()
            .append('button')
            .attr('class', function(d) { return d[0] + ' nudge'; })
            .on('mousedown', function(d) {
                buttonOffset(d[1]);
            });

        nudgeContainer.append('button')
            .attr('title', t('background.reset'))
            .attr('class', 'nudge-reset disabled')
            .on('click', resetOffset)
            .call(iD.svg.Icon('#icon-undo'));

        context.map()
            .on('move.background-update', _.debounce(update, 1000));

        context.background()
            .on('change.background-update', update);


        update();
        setOpacity(opacityDefault);

        var keybinding = d3.keybinding('background')
            .on(key, toggle)
            .on(iD.ui.cmd('⌘B'), quickSwitch)
            .on('F', hide)
            .on('H', hide);

        d3.select(document)
            .call(keybinding);

        context.surface().on('mousedown.background-outside', hide);
        context.container().on('mousedown.background-outside', hide);
    }

    return background;
};
// Translate a MacOS key command into the appropriate Windows/Linux equivalent.
// For example, ⌘Z -> Ctrl+Z
iD.ui.cmd = function(code) {
    if (iD.detect().os === 'mac') {
        return code;
    }

    if (iD.detect().os === 'win') {
        if (code === '⌘⇧Z') return 'Ctrl+Y';
    }

    var result = '',
        replacements = {
            '⌘': 'Ctrl',
            '⇧': 'Shift',
            '⌥': 'Alt',
            '⌫': 'Backspace',
            '⌦': 'Delete'
        };

    for (var i = 0; i < code.length; i++) {
        if (code[i] in replacements) {
            result += replacements[code[i]] + '+';
        } else {
            result += code[i];
        }
    }

    return result;
};
iD.ui.Commit = function(context) {
    var dispatch = d3.dispatch('cancel', 'save');

    function commit(selection) {
        var changes = context.history().changes(),
            summary = context.history().difference().summary();

        function zoomToEntity(change) {
            var entity = change.entity;
            if (change.changeType !== 'deleted' &&
                context.graph().entity(entity.id).geometry(context.graph()) !== 'vertex') {
                context.map().zoomTo(entity);
                context.surface().selectAll(
                    iD.util.entityOrMemberSelector([entity.id], context.graph()))
                    .classed('hover', true);
            }
        }

        var header = selection.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'header fillL');

        header.append('h3')
            .text(t('commit.title'));

        var body = selection.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'body');


        // Comment Section
        var commentSection = body.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'modal-section form-field commit-form');

        commentSection.append('label')
            .attr('class', 'form-label')
            .text(t('commit.message_label'));

        var commentField = commentSection.append('textarea')
            .attr('placeholder', t('commit.description_placeholder'))
            .attr('maxlength', 255)
            .property('value', context.storage('comment') || '')
            .on('input.save', checkComment)
            .on('change.save', checkComment)
            .on('blur.save', function() {
                context.storage('comment', this.value);
            });

        function checkComment() {
            d3.selectAll('.save-section .save-button')
                .attr('disabled', (this.value.length ? null : true));

            var googleWarning = clippyArea
               .html('')
               .selectAll('a')
               .data(this.value.match(/google/i) ? [true] : []);

            googleWarning.exit().remove();

            googleWarning.enter()
               .append('a')
               .attr('target', '_blank')
               .attr('tabindex', -1)
               .call(iD.svg.Icon('#icon-alert', 'inline'))
               .attr('href', t('commit.google_warning_link'))
               .append('span')
               .text(t('commit.google_warning'));
        }

        commentField.node().select();

        context.connection().userChangesets(function (err, changesets) {
            if (err) return;

            var comments = [];

            for (var i = 0; i < changesets.length; i++) {
                if (changesets[i].tags.comment) {
                    comments.push({
                        title: changesets[i].tags.comment,
                        value: changesets[i].tags.comment
                    });
                }
            }

            commentField.call(d3.combobox().caseSensitive(true).data(comments));
        });

        var clippyArea = commentSection.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'clippy-area');


        var changeSetInfo = commentSection.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'changeset-info');

        changeSetInfo.append('a')
            .attr('target', '_blank')
            .attr('tabindex', -1)
            .call(iD.svg.Icon('#icon-out-link', 'inline'))
            .attr('href', t('commit.about_changeset_comments_link'))
            .append('span')
            .text(t('commit.about_changeset_comments'));

        // Warnings
        var warnings = body.selectAll('div.warning-section')
            .data([context.history().validate(changes)])
            .enter()
            .append('div')
            .attr('class', 'modal-section warning-section fillL2')
            .style('display', function(d) { return _.isEmpty(d) ? 'none' : null; })
            .style('background', '#ffb');

        warnings.append('h3')
            .text(t('commit.warnings'));

        var warningLi = warnings.append('ul')
            .attr('class', 'changeset-list')
            .selectAll('li')
            .data(function(d) { return d; })
            .enter()
            .append('li')
            .style()
            .on('mouseover', mouseover)
            .on('mouseout', mouseout)
            .on('click', warningClick);

        warningLi
            .call(iD.svg.Icon('#icon-alert', 'pre-text'));

        warningLi
            .append('strong').text(function(d) {
                return d.message;
            });

        warningLi.filter(function(d) { return d.tooltip; })
            .call(bootstrap.tooltip()
                .title(function(d) { return d.tooltip; })
                .placement('top')
            );


        // Upload Explanation
        var saveSection = body.append('div')
            .attr('class','modal-section save-section fillL cf');

        var prose = saveSection.append('p')
            .attr('class', 'commit-info')
            .html(t('commit.upload_explanation'));

        context.connection().userDetails(function(err, user) {
            if (err) return;

            var userLink = d3.select(document.createElement('div'));

            if (user.image_url) {
                userLink.append('img')
                    .attr('src', user.image_url)
                    .attr('class', 'icon pre-text user-icon');
            }

            userLink.append('a')
                .attr('class','user-info')
                .text(user.display_name)
                .attr('href', context.connection().userURL(user.display_name))
                .attr('tabindex', -1)
                .attr('target', '_blank');

            prose.html(t('commit.upload_explanation_with_user', {user: userLink.html()}));
        });


        // Buttons
        var buttonSection = saveSection.append('div')
            .attr('class','buttons fillL cf');

        var cancelButton = buttonSection.append('button')
            .attr('class', 'secondary-action col5 button cancel-button')
            .on('click.cancel', function() { dispatch.cancel(); });

        cancelButton.append('span')
            .attr('class', 'label')
            .text(t('commit.cancel'));

        var saveButton = buttonSection.append('button')
            .attr('class', 'action col5 button save-button')
            .attr('disabled', function() {
                var n = d3.select('.commit-form textarea').node();
                return (n && n.value.length) ? null : true;
            })
            .on('click.save', function() {
                dispatch.save({
                    comment: commentField.node().value
                });
            });

        saveButton.append('span')
            .attr('class', 'label')
            .text(t('commit.save'));


        // Changes
        var changeSection = body.selectAll('div.commit-section')
            .data([0])
            .enter()
            .append('div')
            .attr('class', 'commit-section modal-section fillL2');

        changeSection.append('h3')
            .text(t('commit.changes', {count: summary.length}));

        var li = changeSection.append('ul')
            .attr('class', 'changeset-list')
            .selectAll('li')
            .data(summary)
            .enter()
            .append('li')
            .on('mouseover', mouseover)
            .on('mouseout', mouseout)
            .on('click', zoomToEntity);

        li.each(function(d) {
            d3.select(this)
                .call(iD.svg.Icon('#icon-' + d.entity.geometry(d.graph), 'pre-text ' + d.changeType));
        });

        li.append('span')
            .attr('class', 'change-type')
            .text(function(d) {
                return t('commit.' + d.changeType) + ' ';
            });

        li.append('strong')
            .attr('class', 'entity-type')
            .text(function(d) {
                return context.presets().match(d.entity, d.graph).name();
            });

        li.append('span')
            .attr('class', 'entity-name')
            .text(function(d) {
                var name = iD.util.displayName(d.entity) || '',
                    string = '';
                if (name !== '') string += ':';
                return string += ' ' + name;
            });

        li.style('opacity', 0)
            .transition()
            .style('opacity', 1);


        function mouseover(d) {
            if (d.entity) {
                context.surface().selectAll(
                    iD.util.entityOrMemberSelector([d.entity.id], context.graph())
                ).classed('hover', true);
            }
        }

        function mouseout() {
            context.surface().selectAll('.hover')
                .classed('hover', false);
        }

        function warningClick(d) {
            if (d.entity) {
                context.map().zoomTo(d.entity);
                context.enter(
                    iD.modes.Select(context, [d.entity.id])
                        .suppressMenu(true));
            }
        }

        // Call checkComment off the bat, in case a changeset
        // comment is recovered from localStorage
        commentField.trigger('input');
    }

    return d3.rebind(commit, dispatch, 'on');
};
iD.ui.confirm = function(selection) {
    var modal = iD.ui.modal(selection);

    modal.select('.modal')
        .classed('modal-alert', true);

    var section = modal.select('.content');

    section.append('div')
        .attr('class', 'modal-section header');

    section.append('div')
        .attr('class', 'modal-section message-text');

    var buttons = section.append('div')
        .attr('class', 'modal-section buttons cf');

    modal.okButton = function() {
        buttons
            .append('button')
            .attr('class', 'action col4')
            .on('click.confirm', function() {
                modal.remove();
            })
            .text(t('confirm.okay'));

        return modal;
    };

    return modal;
};
iD.ui.Conflicts = function(context) {
    var dispatch = d3.dispatch('download', 'cancel', 'save'),
        list;

    function conflicts(selection) {
        var header = selection
            .append('div')
            .attr('class', 'header fillL');

        header
            .append('button')
            .attr('class', 'fr')
            .on('click', function() { dispatch.cancel(); })
            .call(iD.svg.Icon('#icon-close'));

        header
            .append('h3')
            .text(t('save.conflict.header'));

        var body = selection
            .append('div')
            .attr('class', 'body fillL');

        body
            .append('div')
            .attr('class', 'conflicts-help')
            .text(t('save.conflict.help'))
            .append('a')
            .attr('class', 'conflicts-download')
            .text(t('save.conflict.download_changes'))
            .on('click.download', function() { dispatch.download(); });

        body
            .append('div')
            .attr('class', 'conflict-container fillL3')
            .call(showConflict, 0);

        body
            .append('div')
            .attr('class', 'conflicts-done')
            .attr('opacity', 0)
            .style('display', 'none')
            .text(t('save.conflict.done'));

        var buttons = body
            .append('div')
            .attr('class','buttons col12 joined conflicts-buttons');

        buttons
            .append('button')
            .attr('disabled', list.length > 1)
            .attr('class', 'action conflicts-button col6')
            .text(t('save.title'))
            .on('click.try_again', function() { dispatch.save(); });

        buttons
            .append('button')
            .attr('class', 'secondary-action conflicts-button col6')
            .text(t('confirm.cancel'))
            .on('click.cancel', function() { dispatch.cancel(); });
    }


    function showConflict(selection, index) {
        if (index < 0 || index >= list.length) return;

        var parent = d3.select(selection.node().parentNode);

        // enable save button if this is the last conflict being reviewed..
        if (index === list.length - 1) {
            window.setTimeout(function() {
                parent.select('.conflicts-button')
                    .attr('disabled', null);

                parent.select('.conflicts-done')
                    .transition()
                    .attr('opacity', 1)
                    .style('display', 'block');
            }, 250);
        }

        var item = selection
            .selectAll('.conflict')
            .data([list[index]]);

        var enter = item.enter()
            .append('div')
            .attr('class', 'conflict');

        enter
            .append('h4')
            .attr('class', 'conflict-count')
            .text(t('save.conflict.count', { num: index + 1, total: list.length }));

        enter
            .append('a')
            .attr('class', 'conflict-description')
            .attr('href', '#')
            .text(function(d) { return d.name; })
            .on('click', function(d) {
                zoomToEntity(d.id);
                d3.event.preventDefault();
            });

        var details = enter
            .append('div')
            .attr('class', 'conflict-detail-container');

        details
            .append('ul')
            .attr('class', 'conflict-detail-list')
            .selectAll('li')
            .data(function(d) { return d.details || []; })
            .enter()
            .append('li')
            .attr('class', 'conflict-detail-item')
            .html(function(d) { return d; });

        details
            .append('div')
            .attr('class', 'conflict-choices')
            .call(addChoices);

        details
            .append('div')
            .attr('class', 'conflict-nav-buttons joined cf')
            .selectAll('button')
            .data(['previous', 'next'])
            .enter()
            .append('button')
            .text(function(d) { return t('save.conflict.' + d); })
            .attr('class', 'conflict-nav-button action col6')
            .attr('disabled', function(d, i) {
                return (i === 0 && index === 0) ||
                    (i === 1 && index === list.length - 1) || null;
            })
            .on('click', function(d, i) {
                var container = parent.select('.conflict-container'),
                sign = (i === 0 ? -1 : 1);

                container
                    .selectAll('.conflict')
                    .remove();

                container
                    .call(showConflict, index + sign);

                d3.event.preventDefault();
            });

        item.exit()
            .remove();

    }

    function addChoices(selection) {
        var choices = selection
            .append('ul')
            .attr('class', 'layer-list')
            .selectAll('li')
            .data(function(d) { return d.choices || []; });

        var enter = choices.enter()
            .append('li')
            .attr('class', 'layer');

        var label = enter
            .append('label');

        label
            .append('input')
            .attr('type', 'radio')
            .attr('name', function(d) { return d.id; })
            .on('change', function(d, i) {
                var ul = this.parentNode.parentNode.parentNode;
                ul.__data__.chosen = i;
                choose(ul, d);
            });

        label
            .append('span')
            .text(function(d) { return d.text; });

        choices
            .each(function(d, i) {
                var ul = this.parentNode;
                if (ul.__data__.chosen === i) choose(ul, d);
            });
    }

    function choose(ul, datum) {
        if (d3.event) d3.event.preventDefault();

        d3.select(ul)
            .selectAll('li')
            .classed('active', function(d) { return d === datum; })
            .selectAll('input')
            .property('checked', function(d) { return d === datum; });

        var extent = iD.geo.Extent(),
            entity;

        entity = context.graph().hasEntity(datum.id);
        if (entity) extent._extend(entity.extent(context.graph()));

        datum.action();

        entity = context.graph().hasEntity(datum.id);
        if (entity) extent._extend(entity.extent(context.graph()));

        zoomToEntity(datum.id, extent);
    }

    function zoomToEntity(id, extent) {
        context.surface().selectAll('.hover')
            .classed('hover', false);

        var entity = context.graph().hasEntity(id);
        if (entity) {
            if (extent) {
                context.map().trimmedExtent(extent);
            } else {
                context.map().zoomTo(entity);
            }
            context.surface().selectAll(
                iD.util.entityOrMemberSelector([entity.id], context.graph()))
                .classed('hover', true);
        }
    }


    // The conflict list should be an array of objects like:
    // {
    //     id: id,
    //     name: entityName(local),
    //     details: merge.conflicts(),
    //     chosen: 1,
    //     choices: [
    //         choice(id, keepMine, forceLocal),
    //         choice(id, keepTheirs, forceRemote)
    //     ]
    // }
    conflicts.list = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return list;
        list = _;
        return conflicts;
    };

    return d3.rebind(conflicts, dispatch, 'on');
};
iD.ui.Contributors = function(context) {
    var debouncedUpdate = _.debounce(function() { update(); }, 1000),
        limit = 4,
        hidden = false,
        wrap = d3.select(null);

    function update() {
        var users = {},
            entities = context.intersects(context.map().extent());

        entities.forEach(function(entity) {
            if (entity && entity.user) users[entity.user] = true;
        });

        var u = Object.keys(users),
            subset = u.slice(0, u.length > limit ? limit - 1 : limit);

        wrap.html('')
            .call(iD.svg.Icon('#icon-nearby', 'pre-text light'));

        var userList = d3.select(document.createElement('span'));

        userList.selectAll()
            .data(subset)
            .enter()
            .append('a')
            .attr('class', 'user-link')
            .attr('href', function(d) { return context.connection().userURL(d); })
            .attr('target', '_blank')
            .attr('tabindex', -1)
            .text(String);

        if (u.length > limit) {
            var count = d3.select(document.createElement('span'));

            count.append('a')
                .attr('target', '_blank')
                .attr('tabindex', -1)
                .attr('href', function() {
                    return context.connection().changesetsURL(context.map().center(), context.map().zoom());
                })
                .text(u.length - limit + 1);

            wrap.append('span')
                .html(t('contributors.truncated_list', { users: userList.html(), count: count.html() }));

        } else {
            wrap.append('span')
                .html(t('contributors.list', { users: userList.html() }));
        }

        if (!u.length) {
            hidden = true;
            wrap
                .transition()
                .style('opacity', 0);

        } else if (hidden) {
            wrap
                .transition()
                .style('opacity', 1);
        }
    }

    return function(selection) {
        wrap = selection;
        update();

        context.connection().on('loaded.contributors', debouncedUpdate);
        context.map().on('move.contributors', debouncedUpdate);
    };
};
iD.ui.Disclosure = function() {
    var dispatch = d3.dispatch('toggled'),
        title,
        expanded = false,
        content = function () {};

    var disclosure = function(selection) {
        var $link = selection.selectAll('.hide-toggle')
            .data([0]);

        $link.enter().append('a')
            .attr('href', '#')
            .attr('class', 'hide-toggle');

        $link.text(title)
            .on('click', toggle)
            .classed('expanded', expanded);

        var $body = selection.selectAll('div')
            .data([0]);

        $body.enter().append('div');

        $body.classed('hide', !expanded)
            .call(content);

        function toggle() {
            expanded = !expanded;
            $link.classed('expanded', expanded);
            $body.call(iD.ui.Toggle(expanded));
            dispatch.toggled(expanded);
        }
    };

    disclosure.title = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return title;
        title = _;
        return disclosure;
    };

    disclosure.expanded = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return expanded;
        expanded = _;
        return disclosure;
    };

    disclosure.content = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return content;
        content = _;
        return disclosure;
    };

    return d3.rebind(disclosure, dispatch, 'on');
};
iD.ui.EntityEditor = function(context) {
    var dispatch = d3.dispatch('choose'),
        state = 'select',
        coalesceChanges = false,
        modified = false,
        base,
        id,
        preset,
        reference;

    var presetEditor = iD.ui.preset(context)
        .on('change', changeTags);
    var rawTagEditor = iD.ui.RawTagEditor(context)
        .on('change', changeTags);

    function entityEditor(selection) {
        var entity = context.entity(id),
            tags = _.clone(entity.tags);

        var $header = selection.selectAll('.header')
            .data([0]);

        // Enter
        var $enter = $header.enter().append('div')
            .attr('class', 'header fillL cf');

        $enter.append('button')
            .attr('class', 'fl preset-reset preset-choose')
            .append('span')
            .html('&#9668;');

        $enter.append('button')
            .attr('class', 'fr preset-close')
            .call(iD.svg.Icon(modified ? '#icon-apply' : '#icon-close'));

        $enter.append('h3');

        // Update
        $header.select('h3')
            .text(t('inspector.edit'));

        $header.select('.preset-close')
            .on('click', function() {
                context.enter(iD.modes.Browse(context));
            });

        var $body = selection.selectAll('.inspector-body')
            .data([0]);

        // Enter
        $enter = $body.enter().append('div')
            .attr('class', 'inspector-body');

        $enter.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'preset-list-item inspector-inner')
            .append('div')
            .attr('class', 'preset-list-button-wrap')
            .append('button')
            .attr('class', 'preset-list-button preset-reset')
            .call(bootstrap.tooltip()
                .title(t('inspector.back_tooltip'))
                .placement('bottom'))
            .append('div')
            .attr('class', 'label');

        $body.select('.preset-list-button-wrap')
            .call(reference.button);

        $body.select('.preset-list-item')
            .call(reference.body);

        $enter.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'inspector-border inspector-preset');

        $enter.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'inspector-border raw-tag-editor inspector-inner');

        $enter.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'inspector-border raw-member-editor inspector-inner');

        $enter.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'raw-membership-editor inspector-inner');

        selection.selectAll('.preset-reset')
            .on('click', function() {
                dispatch.choose(preset);
            });

        // Update
        $body.select('.preset-list-item button')
            .call(iD.ui.PresetIcon()
                .geometry(context.geometry(id))
                .preset(preset));

        $body.select('.preset-list-item .label')
            .text(preset.name());

        $body.select('.inspector-preset')
            .call(presetEditor
                .preset(preset)
                .entityID(id)
                .tags(tags)
                .state(state));

        $body.select('.raw-tag-editor')
            .call(rawTagEditor
                .preset(preset)
                .entityID(id)
                .tags(tags)
                .state(state));

        if (entity.type === 'relation') {
            $body.select('.raw-member-editor')
                .style('display', 'block')
                .call(iD.ui.RawMemberEditor(context)
                    .entityID(id));
        } else {
            $body.select('.raw-member-editor')
                .style('display', 'none');
        }

        $body.select('.raw-membership-editor')
            .call(iD.ui.RawMembershipEditor(context)
                .entityID(id));

        function historyChanged() {
            if (state === 'hide') return;

            var entity = context.hasEntity(id),
                graph = context.graph();
            if (!entity) return;

            entityEditor.preset(context.presets().match(entity, graph));
            entityEditor.modified(base !== graph);
            entityEditor(selection);
        }

        context.history()
            .on('change.entity-editor', historyChanged);
    }

    function clean(o) {

        function cleanVal(k, v) {
            function keepSpaces(k) {
                var whitelist = ['opening_hours', 'service_times', 'collection_times',
                    'operating_times', 'smoking_hours', 'happy_hours'];
                return _.some(whitelist, function(s) { return k.indexOf(s) !== -1; });
            }

            var blacklist = ['description', 'note', 'fixme'];
            if (_.some(blacklist, function(s) { return k.indexOf(s) !== -1; })) return v;

            var cleaned = v.split(';')
                .map(function(s) { return s.trim(); })
                .join(keepSpaces(k) ? '; ' : ';');

            // The code below is not intended to validate websites and emails.
            // It is only intended to prevent obvious copy-paste errors. (#2323)

            // clean website- and email-like tags
            if (k.indexOf('website') !== -1 ||
                k.indexOf('email') !== -1 ||
                cleaned.indexOf('http') === 0) {
                cleaned = cleaned
                    .replace(/[\u200B-\u200F\uFEFF]/g, '');  // strip LRM and other zero width chars

            }

            return cleaned;
        }

        var out = {}, k, v;
        for (k in o) {
            if (k && (v = o[k]) !== undefined) {
                out[k] = cleanVal(k, v);
            }
        }
        return out;
    }

    // Tag changes that fire on input can all get coalesced into a single
    // history operation when the user leaves the field.  #2342
    function changeTags(changed, onInput) {
        var entity = context.entity(id),
            annotation = t('operations.change_tags.annotation'),
            tags = _.extend({}, entity.tags, changed);

        if (!onInput) {
            tags = clean(tags);
        }
        if (!_.isEqual(entity.tags, tags)) {
            if (coalesceChanges) {
                context.overwrite(iD.actions.ChangeTags(id, tags), annotation);
            } else {
                context.perform(iD.actions.ChangeTags(id, tags), annotation);
                coalesceChanges = !!onInput;
            }
        }
    }

    entityEditor.modified = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return modified;
        modified = _;
        d3.selectAll('button.preset-close use')
            .attr('xlink:href', (modified ? '#icon-apply' : '#icon-close'));
    };

    entityEditor.state = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return state;
        state = _;
        return entityEditor;
    };

    entityEditor.entityID = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return id;
        id = _;
        base = context.graph();
        entityEditor.preset(context.presets().match(context.entity(id), base));
        entityEditor.modified(false);
        coalesceChanges = false;
        return entityEditor;
    };

    entityEditor.preset = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return preset;
        if (_ !== preset) {
            preset = _;
            reference = iD.ui.TagReference(preset.reference(context.geometry(id)), context)
                .showing(false);
        }
        return entityEditor;
    };

    return d3.rebind(entityEditor, dispatch, 'on');
};
iD.ui.FeatureInfo = function(context) {
    function update(selection) {
        var features = context.features(),
            stats = features.stats(),
            count = 0,
            hiddenList = _.compact(_.map(features.hidden(), function(k) {
                if (stats[k]) {
                    count += stats[k];
                    return String(stats[k]) + ' ' + t('feature.' + k + '.description');
                }
            }));

        selection.html('');

        if (hiddenList.length) {
            var tooltip = bootstrap.tooltip()
                    .placement('top')
                    .html(true)
                    .title(function() {
                        return iD.ui.tooltipHtml(hiddenList.join('<br/>'));
                    });

            var warning = selection.append('a')
                .attr('href', '#')
                .attr('tabindex', -1)
                .html(t('feature_info.hidden_warning', { count: count }))
                .call(tooltip)
                .on('click', function() {
                    tooltip.hide(warning);
                    // open map data panel?
                    d3.event.preventDefault();
                });
        }

        selection
            .classed('hide', !hiddenList.length);
    }

    return function(selection) {
        update(selection);

        context.features().on('change.feature_info', function() {
            update(selection);
        });
    };
};
iD.ui.FeatureList = function(context) {
    var geocodeResults;

    function featureList(selection) {
        var header = selection.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'header fillL cf');

        header.append('h3')
            .text(t('inspector.feature_list'));

        function keypress() {
            var q = search.property('value'),
                items = list.selectAll('.feature-list-item');
            if (d3.event.keyCode === 13 && q.length && items.size()) {
                click(items.datum());
            }
        }

        function inputevent() {
            geocodeResults = undefined;
            drawList();
        }

        var searchWrap = selection.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'search-header');

        var search = searchWrap.append('input')
            .attr('placeholder', t('inspector.search'))
            .attr('type', 'search')
            .on('keypress', keypress)
            .on('input', inputevent);

        searchWrap
            .call(iD.svg.Icon('#icon-search', 'pre-text'));

        var listWrap = selection.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'inspector-body');

        var list = listWrap.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'feature-list cf');

        context
            .on('exit.feature-list', clearSearch);
        context.map()
            .on('drawn.feature-list', mapDrawn);

        function clearSearch() {
            search.property('value', '');
            drawList();
        }

        function mapDrawn(e) {
            if (e.full) {
                drawList();
            }
        }

        function features() {
            var entities = {},
                result = [],
                graph = context.graph(),
                q = search.property('value').toLowerCase();

            if (!q) return result;

            var idMatch = q.match(/^([nwr])([0-9]+)$/);

            if (idMatch) {
                result.push({
                    id: idMatch[0],
                    geometry: idMatch[1] === 'n' ? 'point' : idMatch[1] === 'w' ? 'line' : 'relation',
                    type: idMatch[1] === 'n' ? t('inspector.node') : idMatch[1] === 'w' ? t('inspector.way') : t('inspector.relation'),
                    name: idMatch[2]
                });
            }

            var locationMatch = sexagesimal.pair(q.toUpperCase()) || q.match(/^(-?\d+\.?\d*)\s+(-?\d+\.?\d*)$/);

            if (locationMatch) {
                var loc = [parseFloat(locationMatch[0]), parseFloat(locationMatch[1])];
                result.push({
                    id: -1,
                    geometry: 'point',
                    type: t('inspector.location'),
                    name: loc[0].toFixed(6) + ', ' + loc[1].toFixed(6),
                    location: loc
                });
            }

            function addEntity(entity) {
                if (entity.id in entities || result.length > 200)
                    return;

                entities[entity.id] = true;

                var name = iD.util.displayName(entity) || '';
                if (name.toLowerCase().indexOf(q) >= 0) {
                    result.push({
                        id: entity.id,
                        entity: entity,
                        geometry: context.geometry(entity.id),
                        type: context.presets().match(entity, graph).name(),
                        name: name
                    });
                }

                graph.parentRelations(entity).forEach(function(parent) {
                    addEntity(parent);
                });
            }

            var visible = context.surface().selectAll('.point, .line, .area')[0];
            for (var i = 0; i < visible.length && result.length <= 200; i++) {
                addEntity(visible[i].__data__);
            }

            (geocodeResults || []).forEach(function(d) {
                // https://github.com/openstreetmap/iD/issues/1890
                if (d.osm_type && d.osm_id) {
                    result.push({
                        id: iD.Entity.id.fromOSM(d.osm_type, d.osm_id),
                        geometry: d.osm_type === 'relation' ? 'relation' : d.osm_type === 'way' ? 'line' : 'point',
                        type: d.type !== 'yes' ? (d.type.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + d.type.slice(1)).replace('_', ' ')
                                               : (d.class.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + d.class.slice(1)).replace('_', ' '),
                        name: d.display_name,
                        extent: new iD.geo.Extent(
                            [parseFloat(d.boundingbox[3]), parseFloat(d.boundingbox[0])],
                            [parseFloat(d.boundingbox[2]), parseFloat(d.boundingbox[1])])
                    });
                }
            });

            return result;
        }

        function drawList() {
            var value = search.property('value'),
                results = features();

            list.classed('filtered', value.length);

            var noResultsWorldwide = geocodeResults && geocodeResults.length === 0;

            var resultsIndicator = list.selectAll('.no-results-item')
                .data([0])
                .enter().append('button')
                .property('disabled', true)
                .attr('class', 'no-results-item')
                .call(iD.svg.Icon('#icon-alert', 'pre-text'));

            resultsIndicator.append('span')
                .attr('class', 'entity-name');

            list.selectAll('.no-results-item .entity-name')
                .text(noResultsWorldwide ? t('geocoder.no_results_worldwide') : t('geocoder.no_results_visible'));

            list.selectAll('.geocode-item')
                .data([0])
                .enter().append('button')
                .attr('class', 'geocode-item')
                .on('click', geocode)
                .append('div')
                .attr('class', 'label')
                .append('span')
                .attr('class', 'entity-name')
                .text(t('geocoder.search'));

            list.selectAll('.no-results-item')
                .style('display', (value.length && !results.length) ? 'block' : 'none');

            list.selectAll('.geocode-item')
                .style('display', (value && geocodeResults === undefined) ? 'block' : 'none');

            list.selectAll('.feature-list-item')
                .data([-1])
                .remove();

            var items = list.selectAll('.feature-list-item')
                .data(results, function(d) { return d.id; });

            var enter = items.enter()
                .insert('button', '.geocode-item')
                .attr('class', 'feature-list-item')
                .on('mouseover', mouseover)
                .on('mouseout', mouseout)
                .on('click', click);

            var label = enter
                .append('div')
                .attr('class', 'label');

            label.each(function(d) {
                d3.select(this)
                    .call(iD.svg.Icon('#icon-' + d.geometry, 'pre-text'));
            });

            label.append('span')
                .attr('class', 'entity-type')
                .text(function(d) { return d.type; });

            label.append('span')
                .attr('class', 'entity-name')
                .text(function(d) { return d.name; });

            enter.style('opacity', 0)
                .transition()
                .style('opacity', 1);

            items.order();

            items.exit()
                .remove();
        }

        function mouseover(d) {
            if (d.id === -1) return;

            context.surface().selectAll(iD.util.entityOrMemberSelector([d.id], context.graph()))
                .classed('hover', true);
        }

        function mouseout() {
            context.surface().selectAll('.hover')
                .classed('hover', false);
        }

        function click(d) {
            d3.event.preventDefault();
            if (d.location) {
                context.map().centerZoom([d.location[1], d.location[0]], 20);
            }
            else if (d.entity) {
                if (d.entity.type === 'node') {
                    context.map().center(d.entity.loc);
                } else if (d.entity.type === 'way') {
                    var center = context.projection(context.map().center()),
                        edge = iD.geo.chooseEdge(context.childNodes(d.entity), center, context.projection);
                    context.map().center(edge.loc);
                }
                context.enter(iD.modes.Select(context, [d.entity.id]).suppressMenu(true));
            } else {
                context.zoomToEntity(d.id);
            }
        }

        function geocode() {
            var searchVal = encodeURIComponent(search.property('value'));
            d3.json('https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search/' + searchVal + '?limit=10&format=json', function(err, resp) {
                geocodeResults = resp || [];
                drawList();
            });
        }
    }

    return featureList;
};
iD.ui.flash = function(selection) {
    var modal = iD.ui.modal(selection);

    modal.select('.modal').classed('modal-flash', true);

    modal.select('.content')
        .classed('modal-section', true)
        .append('div')
        .attr('class', 'description');

    modal.on('click.flash', function() { modal.remove(); });

    setTimeout(function() {
        modal.remove();
        return true;
    }, 1500);

    return modal;
};
iD.ui.FullScreen = function(context) {
    var element = context.container().node(),
        keybinding = d3.keybinding('full-screen');
        // button;

    function getFullScreenFn() {
        if (element.requestFullscreen) {
            return element.requestFullscreen;
        } else if (element.msRequestFullscreen) {
            return  element.msRequestFullscreen;
        } else if (element.mozRequestFullScreen) {
            return  element.mozRequestFullScreen;
        } else if (element.webkitRequestFullscreen) {
            return element.webkitRequestFullscreen;
        }
    }

    function getExitFullScreenFn() {
        if (document.exitFullscreen) {
            return document.exitFullscreen;
        } else if (document.msExitFullscreen) {
            return  document.msExitFullscreen;
        } else if (document.mozCancelFullScreen) {
            return  document.mozCancelFullScreen;
        } else if (document.webkitExitFullscreen) {
            return document.webkitExitFullscreen;
        }
    }

    function isFullScreen() {
        return document.fullscreenElement || document.mozFullScreenElement || document.webkitFullscreenElement ||
            document.msFullscreenElement;
    }

    function isSupported() {
        return !!getFullScreenFn();
    }

    function fullScreen() {
        d3.event.preventDefault();
        if (!isFullScreen()) {
            // button.classed('active', true);
            getFullScreenFn().apply(element);
        } else {
            // button.classed('active', false);
            getExitFullScreenFn().apply(document);
        }
    }

    return function() { // selection) {
        if (!isSupported())
            return;

        // var tooltip = bootstrap.tooltip()
        //     .placement('left');

        // button = selection.append('button')
        //     .attr('title', t('full_screen'))
        //     .attr('tabindex', -1)
        //     .on('click', fullScreen)
        //     .call(tooltip);

        // button.append('span')
        //     .attr('class', 'icon full-screen');

        keybinding
            .on('f11', fullScreen)
            .on(iD.ui.cmd('⌘⇧F'), fullScreen);

        d3.select(document)
            .call(keybinding);
    };
};
iD.ui.Geolocate = function(context) {
    var geoOptions = { enableHighAccuracy: false, timeout: 6000 /* 6sec */ },
        locating = iD.ui.Loading(context).message(t('geolocate.locating')).blocking(true),
        timeoutId;

    function click() {
        context.enter(iD.modes.Browse(context));
        context.container().call(locating);
        navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(success, error, geoOptions);

        // This timeout ensures that we still call finish() even if
        // the user declines to share their location in Firefox
        timeoutId = setTimeout(finish, 10000 /* 10sec */ );
    }

    function success(position) {
        var map = context.map(),
            extent = iD.geo.Extent([position.coords.longitude, position.coords.latitude])
                .padByMeters(position.coords.accuracy);

        map.centerZoom(extent.center(), Math.min(20, map.extentZoom(extent)));
        finish();
    }

    function error() {
        finish();
    }

    function finish() {
        locating.close();  // unblock ui
        if (timeoutId) { clearTimeout(timeoutId); }
        timeoutId = undefined;
    }

    return function(selection) {
        if (!navigator.geolocation) return;

        selection.append('button')
            .attr('tabindex', -1)
            .attr('title', t('geolocate.title'))
            .on('click', click)
            .call(iD.svg.Icon('#icon-geolocate', 'light'))
            .call(bootstrap.tooltip()
                .placement('left'));
    };
};
iD.ui.Help = function(context) {
    var key = 'H';

    var docKeys = [
        'help.help',
        'help.editing_saving',
        'help.roads',
        'help.gps',
        'help.imagery',
        'help.addresses',
        'help.inspector',
        'help.buildings',
        'help.relations'];

    var docs = docKeys.map(function(key) {
        var text = t(key);
        return {
            title: text.split('\n')[0].replace('#', '').trim(),
            html: marked(text.split('\n').slice(1).join('\n'))
        };
    });

    function help(selection) {

        function hide() {
            setVisible(false);
        }

        function toggle() {
            if (d3.event) d3.event.preventDefault();
            tooltip.hide(button);
            setVisible(!button.classed('active'));
        }

        function setVisible(show) {
            if (show !== shown) {
                button.classed('active', show);
                shown = show;

                if (show) {
                    selection.on('mousedown.help-inside', function() {
                        return d3.event.stopPropagation();
                    });
                    pane.style('display', 'block')
                        .style('right', '-500px')
                        .transition()
                        .duration(200)
                        .style('right', '0px');
                } else {
                    pane.style('right', '0px')
                        .transition()
                        .duration(200)
                        .style('right', '-500px')
                        .each('end', function() {
                            d3.select(this).style('display', 'none');
                        });
                    selection.on('mousedown.help-inside', null);
                }
            }
        }

        function clickHelp(d, i) {
            pane.property('scrollTop', 0);
            doctitle.html(d.title);
            body.html(d.html);
            body.selectAll('a')
                .attr('target', '_blank');
            menuItems.classed('selected', function(m) {
                return m.title === d.title;
            });

            nav.html('');

            if (i > 0) {
                var prevLink = nav.append('a')
                    .attr('class', 'previous')
                    .on('click', function() {
                        clickHelp(docs[i - 1], i - 1);
                    });
                prevLink.append('span').html('&#9668; ' + docs[i - 1].title);
            }
            if (i < docs.length - 1) {
                var nextLink = nav.append('a')
                    .attr('class', 'next')
                    .on('click', function() {
                        clickHelp(docs[i + 1], i + 1);
                    });
                nextLink.append('span').html(docs[i + 1].title + ' &#9658;');
            }
        }

        function clickWalkthrough() {
            d3.select(document.body).call(iD.ui.intro(context));
            setVisible(false);
        }


        var pane = selection.append('div')
                .attr('class', 'help-wrap map-overlay fillL col5 content hide'),
            tooltip = bootstrap.tooltip()
                .placement('left')
                .html(true)
                .title(iD.ui.tooltipHtml(t('help.title'), key)),
            button = selection.append('button')
                .attr('tabindex', -1)
                .on('click', toggle)
                .call(iD.svg.Icon('#icon-help', 'light'))
                .call(tooltip),
            shown = false;


        var toc = pane.append('ul')
            .attr('class', 'toc');

        var menuItems = toc.selectAll('li')
            .data(docs)
            .enter()
            .append('li')
            .append('a')
            .html(function(d) { return d.title; })
            .on('click', clickHelp);

        toc.append('li')
            .attr('class','walkthrough')
            .append('a')
            .text(t('splash.walkthrough'))
            .on('click', clickWalkthrough);

        var content = pane.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'left-content');

        var doctitle = content.append('h2')
            .text(t('help.title'));

        var body = content.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'body');

        var nav = content.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'nav');

        clickHelp(docs[0], 0);

        var keybinding = d3.keybinding('help')
            .on(key, toggle)
            .on('B', hide)
            .on('F', hide);

        d3.select(document)
            .call(keybinding);

        context.surface().on('mousedown.help-outside', hide);
        context.container().on('mousedown.help-outside', hide);
    }

    return help;
};
iD.ui.Info = function(context) {
    var key = iD.ui.cmd('⌘I'),
        imperial = (iD.detect().locale.toLowerCase() === 'en-us'),
        hidden = true;

    function info(selection) {
        function radiansToMeters(r) {
            // using WGS84 authalic radius (6371007.1809 m)
            return r * 6371007.1809;
        }

        function steradiansToSqmeters(r) {
            // http://gis.stackexchange.com/a/124857/40446
            return r / 12.56637 * 510065621724000;
        }

        function toLineString(feature) {
            if (feature.type === 'LineString') return feature;

            var result = { type: 'LineString', coordinates: [] };
            if (feature.type === 'Polygon') {
                result.coordinates = feature.coordinates[0];
            } else if (feature.type === 'MultiPolygon') {
                result.coordinates = feature.coordinates[0][0];
            }

            return result;
        }

        function displayLength(m) {
            var d = m * (imperial ? 3.28084 : 1),
                p, unit;

            if (imperial) {
                if (d >= 5280) {
                    d /= 5280;
                    unit = 'mi';
                } else {
                    unit = 'ft';
                }
            } else {
                if (d >= 1000) {
                    d /= 1000;
                    unit = 'km';
                } else {
                    unit = 'm';
                }
            }

            // drop unnecessary precision
            p = d > 1000 ? 0 : d > 100 ? 1 : 2;

            return String(d.toFixed(p)) + ' ' + unit;
        }

        function displayArea(m2) {
            var d = m2 * (imperial ? 10.7639111056 : 1),
                d1, d2, p1, p2, unit1, unit2;

            if (imperial) {
                if (d >= 6969600) {     // > 0.25mi² show mi²
                    d1 = d / 27878400;
                    unit1 = 'mi²';
                } else {
                    d1 = d;
                    unit1 = 'ft²';
                }

                if (d > 4356 && d < 43560000) {   // 0.1 - 1000 acres
                    d2 = d / 43560;
                    unit2 = 'ac';
                }

            } else {
                if (d >= 250000) {    // > 0.25km² show km²
                    d1 = d / 1000000;
                    unit1 = 'km²';
                } else {
                    d1 = d;
                    unit1 = 'm²';
                }

                if (d > 1000 && d < 10000000) {   // 0.1 - 1000 hectares
                    d2 = d / 10000;
                    unit2 = 'ha';
                }
            }

            // drop unnecessary precision
            p1 = d1 > 1000 ? 0 : d1 > 100 ? 1 : 2;
            p2 = d2 > 1000 ? 0 : d2 > 100 ? 1 : 2;

            return String(d1.toFixed(p1)) + ' ' + unit1 +
                (d2 ? ' (' + String(d2.toFixed(p2)) + ' ' + unit2 + ')' : '');
        }


        function redraw() {
            if (hidden) return;

            var resolver = context.graph(),
                selected = _.filter(context.selectedIDs(), function(e) { return context.hasEntity(e); }),
                singular = selected.length === 1 ? selected[0] : null,
                extent = iD.geo.Extent(),
                entity;

            wrap.html('');
            wrap.append('h4')
                .attr('class', 'infobox-heading fillD')
                .text(singular || t('infobox.selected', { n: selected.length }));

            if (!selected.length) return;

            var center;
            for (var i = 0; i < selected.length; i++) {
                entity = context.entity(selected[i]);
                extent._extend(entity.extent(resolver));
            }
            center = extent.center();


            var list = wrap.append('ul');

            // multiple wrap, just display extent center..
            if (!singular) {
                list.append('li')
                    .text(t('infobox.center') + ': ' + center[0].toFixed(5) + ', ' + center[1].toFixed(5));
                return;
            }

            // single wrap, display details..
            if (!entity) return;
            var geometry = entity.geometry(resolver);

            if (geometry === 'line' || geometry === 'area') {
                var closed = (entity.type === 'relation') || (entity.isClosed() && !entity.isDegenerate()),
                    feature = entity.asGeoJSON(resolver),
                    length = radiansToMeters(d3.geo.length(toLineString(feature))),
                    lengthLabel = t('infobox.' + (closed ? 'perimeter' : 'length')),
                    centroid = d3.geo.centroid(feature);

                list.append('li')
                    .text(t('infobox.geometry') + ': ' +
                        (closed ? t('infobox.closed') + ' ' : '') + t('geometry.' + geometry) );

                if (closed) {
                    var area = steradiansToSqmeters(entity.area(resolver));
                    list.append('li')
                        .text(t('infobox.area') + ': ' + displayArea(area));
                }

                list.append('li')
                    .text(lengthLabel + ': ' + displayLength(length));

                list.append('li')
                    .text(t('infobox.centroid') + ': ' + centroid[0].toFixed(5) + ', ' + centroid[1].toFixed(5));


                var toggle  = imperial ? 'imperial' : 'metric';
                wrap.append('a')
                    .text(t('infobox.' + toggle))
                    .attr('href', '#')
                    .attr('class', 'button')
                    .on('click', function() {
                        d3.event.preventDefault();
                        imperial = !imperial;
                        redraw();
                    });

            } else {
                var centerLabel = t('infobox.' + (entity.type === 'node' ? 'location' : 'center'));

                list.append('li')
                    .text(t('infobox.geometry') + ': ' + t('geometry.' + geometry));

                list.append('li')
                    .text(centerLabel + ': ' + center[0].toFixed(5) + ', ' + center[1].toFixed(5));
            }
        }


        function toggle() {
            if (d3.event) d3.event.preventDefault();

            hidden = !hidden;

            if (hidden) {
                wrap
                    .style('display', 'block')
                    .style('opacity', 1)
                    .transition()
                    .duration(200)
                    .style('opacity', 0)
                    .each('end', function() {
                        d3.select(this).style('display', 'none');
                    });
            } else {
                wrap
                    .style('display', 'block')
                    .style('opacity', 0)
                    .transition()
                    .duration(200)
                    .style('opacity', 1);

                redraw();
            }
        }


        var wrap = selection.selectAll('.infobox')
            .data([0]);

        wrap.enter()
            .append('div')
            .attr('class', 'infobox fillD2')
            .style('display', (hidden ? 'none' : 'block'));

        context.map()
            .on('drawn.info', redraw);

        redraw();

        var keybinding = d3.keybinding('info')
            .on(key, toggle);

        d3.select(document)
            .call(keybinding);
    }

    return info;
};
iD.ui.Inspector = function(context) {
    var presetList = iD.ui.PresetList(context),
        entityEditor = iD.ui.EntityEditor(context),
        state = 'select',
        entityID,
        newFeature = false;

    function inspector(selection) {
        presetList
            .entityID(entityID)
            .autofocus(newFeature)
            .on('choose', setPreset);

        entityEditor
            .state(state)
            .entityID(entityID)
            .on('choose', showList);

        var $wrap = selection.selectAll('.panewrap')
            .data([0]);

        var $enter = $wrap.enter().append('div')
            .attr('class', 'panewrap');

        $enter.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'preset-list-pane pane');

        $enter.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'entity-editor-pane pane');

        var $presetPane = $wrap.select('.preset-list-pane');
        var $editorPane = $wrap.select('.entity-editor-pane');

        var graph = context.graph(),
            entity = context.entity(entityID),
            showEditor = state === 'hover' ||
                entity.isUsed(graph) ||
                entity.isHighwayIntersection(graph);

        if (showEditor) {
            $wrap.style('right', '0%');
            $editorPane.call(entityEditor);
        } else {
            $wrap.style('right', '-100%');
            $presetPane.call(presetList);
        }

        var $footer = selection.selectAll('.footer')
            .data([0]);

        $footer.enter().append('div')
            .attr('class', 'footer');

        selection.select('.footer')
            .call(iD.ui.ViewOnOSM(context)
                .entityID(entityID));

        function showList(preset) {
            $wrap.transition()
                .styleTween('right', function() { return d3.interpolate('0%', '-100%'); });

            $presetPane.call(presetList
                .preset(preset)
                .autofocus(true));
        }

        function setPreset(preset) {
            $wrap.transition()
                .styleTween('right', function() { return d3.interpolate('-100%', '0%'); });

            $editorPane.call(entityEditor
                .preset(preset));
        }
    }

    inspector.state = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return state;
        state = _;
        entityEditor.state(state);
        return inspector;
    };

    inspector.entityID = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return entityID;
        entityID = _;
        return inspector;
    };

    inspector.newFeature = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return newFeature;
        newFeature = _;
        return inspector;
    };

    return inspector;
};
iD.ui.intro = function(context) {
    var step;

    function intro(selection) {

        function localizedName(id) {
            var features = {
                n2140018997: 'city_hall',
                n367813436: 'fire_department',
                w203988286: 'memory_isle_park',
                w203972937: 'riverwalk_trail',
                w203972938: 'riverwalk_trail',
                w203972940: 'riverwalk_trail',
                w41785752: 'w_michigan_ave',
                w134150789: 'w_michigan_ave',
                w134150795: 'w_michigan_ave',
                w134150800: 'w_michigan_ave',
                w134150811: 'w_michigan_ave',
                w134150802: 'e_michigan_ave',
                w134150836: 'e_michigan_ave',
                w41074896: 'e_michigan_ave',
                w17965834: 'spring_st',
                w203986457: 'scidmore_park',
                w203049587: 'petting_zoo',
                w17967397: 'n_andrews_st',
                w17967315: 's_andrews_st',
                w17967326: 'n_constantine_st',
                w17966400: 's_constantine_st',
                w170848823: 'rocky_river',
                w170848824: 'rocky_river',
                w170848331: 'rocky_river',
                w17967752: 'railroad_dr',
                w17965998: 'conrail_rr',
                w134150845: 'conrail_rr',
                w170989131: 'st_joseph_river',
                w143497377: 'n_main_st',
                w134150801: 's_main_st',
                w134150830: 's_main_st',
                w17966462: 's_main_st',
                w17967734: 'water_st',
                w17964996: 'foster_st',
                w170848330: 'portage_river',
                w17965351: 'flower_st',
                w17965502: 'elm_st',
                w17965402: 'walnut_st',
                w17964793: 'morris_ave',
                w17967444: 'east_st',
                w17966984: 'portage_ave'
            };
            return features[id] && t('intro.graph.' + features[id]);
        }

        context.enter(iD.modes.Browse(context));

        // Save current map state
        var history = context.history().toJSON(),
            hash = window.location.hash,
            center = context.map().center(),
            zoom = context.map().zoom(),
            background = context.background().baseLayerSource(),
            opacity = d3.selectAll('#map .layer-background').style('opacity'),
            loadedTiles = context.connection().loadedTiles(),
            baseEntities = context.history().graph().base().entities,
            introGraph, name;

        // Block saving
        context.inIntro(true);

        // Load semi-real data used in intro
        context.connection().toggle(false).flush();
        context.history().reset();

        introGraph = JSON.parse(iD.introGraph);
        for (var key in introGraph) {
            introGraph[key] = iD.Entity(introGraph[key]);
            name = localizedName(key);
            if (name) {
                introGraph[key].tags.name = name;
            }
        }
        context.history().merge(d3.values(iD.Graph().load(introGraph).entities));
        context.background().bing();

        d3.selectAll('#map .layer-background').style('opacity', 1);

        var curtain = d3.curtain();
        selection.call(curtain);

        function reveal(box, text, options) {
            options = options || {};
            if (text) curtain.reveal(box, text, options.tooltipClass, options.duration);
            else curtain.reveal(box, '', '', options.duration);
        }

        var steps = ['navigation', 'point', 'area', 'line', 'startEditing'].map(function(step, i) {
            var s = iD.ui.intro[step](context, reveal)
                .on('done', function() {
                    entered.filter(function(d) {
                        return d.title === s.title;
                    }).classed('finished', true);
                    enter(steps[i + 1]);
                });
            return s;
        });

        steps[steps.length - 1].on('startEditing', function() {
            curtain.remove();
            navwrap.remove();
            d3.selectAll('#map .layer-background').style('opacity', opacity);
            context.connection().toggle(true).flush().loadedTiles(loadedTiles);
            context.history().reset().merge(d3.values(baseEntities));
            context.background().baseLayerSource(background);
            if (history) context.history().fromJSON(history, false);
            context.map().centerZoom(center, zoom);
            window.location.replace(hash);
            context.inIntro(false);
        });

        var navwrap = selection.append('div').attr('class', 'intro-nav-wrap fillD');

        var buttonwrap = navwrap.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'joined')
            .selectAll('button.step');

        var entered = buttonwrap
            .data(steps)
            .enter()
            .append('button')
            .attr('class', 'step')
            .on('click', enter);

        entered
            .call(iD.svg.Icon('#icon-apply', 'pre-text'));

        entered
            .append('label')
            .text(function(d) { return t(d.title); });

        enter(steps[0]);

        function enter (newStep) {
            if (step) { step.exit(); }

            context.enter(iD.modes.Browse(context));

            step = newStep;
            step.enter();

            entered.classed('active', function(d) {
                return d.title === step.title;
            });
        }

    }
    return intro;
};

iD.ui.intro.pointBox = function(point, context) {
    var rect = context.surfaceRect();
    point = context.projection(point);
    return {
        left: point[0] + rect.left - 30,
        top: point[1] + rect.top - 50,
        width: 60,
        height: 70
    };
};

iD.ui.intro.pad = function(box, padding, context) {
    if (box instanceof Array) {
        var rect = context.surfaceRect();
        box = context.projection(box);
        box = {
            left: box[0] + rect.left,
            top: box[1] + rect.top
        };
    }
    return {
        left: box.left - padding,
        top: box.top - padding,
        width: (box.width || 0) + 2 * padding,
        height: (box.width || 0) + 2 * padding
    };
};

iD.ui.intro.icon = function(name, svgklass) {
    return '<svg class="icon ' + (svgklass || '') + '">' +
        '<use xlink:href="' + name + '"></use></svg>';
};
iD.ui.Lasso = function(context) {
    var group, polygon;

    lasso.coordinates = [];

    function lasso(selection) {

        context.container().classed('lasso', true);

        group = selection.append('g')
            .attr('class', 'lasso hide');

        polygon = group.append('path')
            .attr('class', 'lasso-path');

        group.call(iD.ui.Toggle(true));

    }

    function draw() {
        if (polygon) {
            polygon.data([lasso.coordinates])
                .attr('d', function(d) { return 'M' + d.join(' L') + ' Z'; });
        }
    }

    lasso.extent = function () {
        return lasso.coordinates.reduce(function(extent, point) {
            return extent.extend(iD.geo.Extent(point));
        }, iD.geo.Extent());
    };

    lasso.p = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return lasso;
        lasso.coordinates.push(_);
        draw();
        return lasso;
    };

    lasso.close = function() {
        if (group) {
            group.call(iD.ui.Toggle(false, function() {
                d3.select(this).remove();
            }));
        }
        context.container().classed('lasso', false);
    };

    return lasso;
};
iD.ui.Loading = function(context) {
    var message = '',
        blocking = false,
        modal;

    var loading = function(selection) {
        modal = iD.ui.modal(selection, blocking);

        var loadertext = modal.select('.content')
            .classed('loading-modal', true)
            .append('div')
            .attr('class', 'modal-section fillL');

        loadertext.append('img')
            .attr('class', 'loader')
            .attr('src', context.imagePath('loader-white.gif'));

        loadertext.append('h3')
            .text(message);

        modal.select('button.close')
            .attr('class', 'hide');

        return loading;
    };

    loading.message = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return message;
        message = _;
        return loading;
    };

    loading.blocking = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return blocking;
        blocking = _;
        return loading;
    };

    loading.close = function() {
        modal.remove();
    };

    return loading;
};
iD.ui.MapData = function(context) {
    var key = 'F',
        features = context.features().keys(),
        layers = context.layers(),
        fills = ['wireframe', 'partial', 'full'],
        fillDefault = context.storage('area-fill') || 'partial',
        fillSelected = fillDefault;


    function map_data(selection) {

        function showsFeature(d) {
            return context.features().enabled(d);
        }

        function autoHiddenFeature(d) {
            return context.features().autoHidden(d);
        }

        function clickFeature(d) {
            context.features().toggle(d);
            update();
        }

        function showsFill(d) {
            return fillSelected === d;
        }

        function setFill(d) {
            _.each(fills, function(opt) {
                context.surface().classed('fill-' + opt, Boolean(opt === d));
            });

            fillSelected = d;
            if (d !== 'wireframe') {
                fillDefault = d;
                context.storage('area-fill', d);
            }
            update();
        }

        function showsLayer(which) {
            var layer = layers.layer(which);
            if (layer) {
                return layer.enabled();
            }
            return false;
        }

        function setLayer(which, enabled) {
            var layer = layers.layer(which);
            if (layer) {
                layer.enabled(enabled);
                update();
            }
        }

        function toggleLayer(which) {
            setLayer(which, !showsLayer(which));
        }

        function clickGpx() {
            toggleLayer('gpx');
        }

        function clickMapillaryImages() {
            toggleLayer('mapillary-images');
            if (!showsLayer('mapillary-images')) {
                setLayer('mapillary-signs', false);
            }
        }

        function clickMapillarySigns() {
            toggleLayer('mapillary-signs');
        }


        function drawMapillaryItems(selection) {
            var mapillaryImages = layers.layer('mapillary-images'),
                mapillarySigns = layers.layer('mapillary-signs'),
                supportsMapillaryImages = mapillaryImages && mapillaryImages.supported(),
                supportsMapillarySigns = mapillarySigns && mapillarySigns.supported(),
                showsMapillaryImages = supportsMapillaryImages && mapillaryImages.enabled(),
                showsMapillarySigns = supportsMapillarySigns && mapillarySigns.enabled();

            var mapillaryList = selection
                .selectAll('.layer-list-mapillary')
                .data([0]);

            // Enter
            mapillaryList
                .enter()
                .append('ul')
                .attr('class', 'layer-list layer-list-mapillary');

            var mapillaryImageLayerItem = mapillaryList
                .selectAll('.list-item-mapillary-images')
                .data(supportsMapillaryImages ? [0] : []);

            var enterImages = mapillaryImageLayerItem.enter()
                .append('li')
                .attr('class', 'list-item-mapillary-images');

            var labelImages = enterImages.append('label')
                .call(bootstrap.tooltip()
                    .title(t('mapillary_images.tooltip'))
                    .placement('top'));

            labelImages.append('input')
                .attr('type', 'checkbox')
                .on('change', clickMapillaryImages);

            labelImages.append('span')
                .text(t('mapillary_images.title'));


            var mapillarySignLayerItem = mapillaryList
                .selectAll('.list-item-mapillary-signs')
                .data(supportsMapillarySigns ? [0] : []);

            var enterSigns = mapillarySignLayerItem.enter()
                .append('li')
                .attr('class', 'list-item-mapillary-signs');

            var labelSigns = enterSigns.append('label')
                .call(bootstrap.tooltip()
                    .title(t('mapillary_signs.tooltip'))
                    .placement('top'));

            labelSigns.append('input')
                .attr('type', 'checkbox')
                .on('change', clickMapillarySigns);

            labelSigns.append('span')
                .text(t('mapillary_signs.title'));

            // Update
            mapillaryImageLayerItem
                .classed('active', showsMapillaryImages)
                .selectAll('input')
                .property('checked', showsMapillaryImages);

            mapillarySignLayerItem
                .classed('active', showsMapillarySigns)
                .selectAll('input')
                .property('disabled', !showsMapillaryImages)
                .property('checked', showsMapillarySigns);

            mapillarySignLayerItem
                .selectAll('label')
                .classed('deemphasize', !showsMapillaryImages);

            // Exit
            mapillaryImageLayerItem.exit()
                .remove();
            mapillarySignLayerItem.exit()
                .remove();
        }


        function drawGpxItem(selection) {
            var gpx = layers.layer('gpx'),
                hasGpx = gpx && gpx.hasGpx(),
                showsGpx = hasGpx && gpx.enabled();

            var gpxLayerItem = selection
                .selectAll('.layer-list-gpx')
                .data(gpx ? [0] : []);

            // Enter
            var enter = gpxLayerItem.enter()
                .append('ul')
                .attr('class', 'layer-list layer-list-gpx')
                .append('li')
                .classed('list-item-gpx', true);

            enter.append('button')
                .attr('class', 'list-item-gpx-extent')
                .call(bootstrap.tooltip()
                    .title(t('gpx.zoom'))
                    .placement('left'))
                .on('click', function() {
                    d3.event.preventDefault();
                    d3.event.stopPropagation();
                    gpx.fitZoom();
                })
                .call(iD.svg.Icon('#icon-search'));

            enter.append('button')
                .attr('class', 'list-item-gpx-browse')
                .call(bootstrap.tooltip()
                    .title(t('gpx.browse'))
                    .placement('left'))
                .on('click', function() {
                    d3.select(document.createElement('input'))
                        .attr('type', 'file')
                        .on('change', function() {
                            gpx.files(d3.event.target.files);
                        })
                        .node().click();
                })
                .call(iD.svg.Icon('#icon-geolocate'));

            var labelGpx = enter.append('label')
                .call(bootstrap.tooltip()
                    .title(t('gpx.drag_drop'))
                    .placement('top'));

            labelGpx.append('input')
                .attr('type', 'checkbox')
                .on('change', clickGpx);

            labelGpx.append('span')
                .text(t('gpx.local_layer'));

            // Update
            gpxLayerItem
                .classed('active', showsGpx)
                .selectAll('input')
                .property('disabled', !hasGpx)
                .property('checked', showsGpx);

            gpxLayerItem
                .selectAll('label')
                .classed('deemphasize', !hasGpx);

            // Exit
            gpxLayerItem.exit()
                .remove();
        }


        function drawList(selection, data, type, name, change, active) {
            var items = selection.selectAll('li')
                .data(data);

            // Enter
            var enter = items.enter()
                .append('li')
                .attr('class', 'layer')
                .call(bootstrap.tooltip()
                    .html(true)
                    .title(function(d) {
                        var tip = t(name + '.' + d + '.tooltip'),
                            key = (d === 'wireframe' ? 'W' : null);

                        if (name === 'feature' && autoHiddenFeature(d)) {
                            tip += '<div>' + t('map_data.autohidden') + '</div>';
                        }
                        return iD.ui.tooltipHtml(tip, key);
                    })
                    .placement('top')
                );

            var label = enter.append('label');

            label.append('input')
                .attr('type', type)
                .attr('name', name)
                .on('change', change);

            label.append('span')
                .text(function(d) { return t(name + '.' + d + '.description'); });

            // Update
            items
                .classed('active', active)
                .selectAll('input')
                .property('checked', active)
                .property('indeterminate', function(d) {
                    return (name === 'feature' && autoHiddenFeature(d));
                });

            // Exit
            items.exit()
                .remove();
        }


        function update() {
            dataLayerContainer.call(drawMapillaryItems);
            dataLayerContainer.call(drawGpxItem);

            fillList.call(drawList, fills, 'radio', 'area_fill', setFill, showsFill);

            featureList.call(drawList, features, 'checkbox', 'feature', clickFeature, showsFeature);
        }

        function hidePanel() {
            setVisible(false);
        }

        function togglePanel() {
            if (d3.event) d3.event.preventDefault();
            tooltip.hide(button);
            setVisible(!button.classed('active'));
        }

        function toggleWireframe() {
            if (d3.event) {
                d3.event.preventDefault();
                d3.event.stopPropagation();
            }
            setFill((fillSelected === 'wireframe' ? fillDefault : 'wireframe'));
            context.map().pan([0,0]);  // trigger a redraw
        }

        function setVisible(show) {
            if (show !== shown) {
                button.classed('active', show);
                shown = show;

                if (show) {
                    update();
                    selection.on('mousedown.map_data-inside', function() {
                        return d3.event.stopPropagation();
                    });
                    content.style('display', 'block')
                        .style('right', '-300px')
                        .transition()
                        .duration(200)
                        .style('right', '0px');
                } else {
                    content.style('display', 'block')
                        .style('right', '0px')
                        .transition()
                        .duration(200)
                        .style('right', '-300px')
                        .each('end', function() {
                            d3.select(this).style('display', 'none');
                        });
                    selection.on('mousedown.map_data-inside', null);
                }
            }
        }


        var content = selection.append('div')
                .attr('class', 'fillL map-overlay col3 content hide'),
            tooltip = bootstrap.tooltip()
                .placement('left')
                .html(true)
                .title(iD.ui.tooltipHtml(t('map_data.description'), key)),
            button = selection.append('button')
                .attr('tabindex', -1)
                .on('click', togglePanel)
                .call(iD.svg.Icon('#icon-data', 'light'))
                .call(tooltip),
            shown = false;

        content.append('h4')
            .text(t('map_data.title'));


        // data layers
        content.append('a')
            .text(t('map_data.data_layers'))
            .attr('href', '#')
            .classed('hide-toggle', true)
            .classed('expanded', true)
            .on('click', function() {
                var exp = d3.select(this).classed('expanded');
                dataLayerContainer.style('display', exp ? 'none' : 'block');
                d3.select(this).classed('expanded', !exp);
                d3.event.preventDefault();
            });

        var dataLayerContainer = content.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'data-data-layers')
            .style('display', 'block');


        // area fills
        content.append('a')
            .text(t('map_data.fill_area'))
            .attr('href', '#')
            .classed('hide-toggle', true)
            .classed('expanded', false)
            .on('click', function() {
                var exp = d3.select(this).classed('expanded');
                fillContainer.style('display', exp ? 'none' : 'block');
                d3.select(this).classed('expanded', !exp);
                d3.event.preventDefault();
            });

        var fillContainer = content.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'data-area-fills')
            .style('display', 'none');

        var fillList = fillContainer.append('ul')
            .attr('class', 'layer-list layer-fill-list');


        // feature filters
        content.append('a')
            .text(t('map_data.map_features'))
            .attr('href', '#')
            .classed('hide-toggle', true)
            .classed('expanded', false)
            .on('click', function() {
                var exp = d3.select(this).classed('expanded');
                featureContainer.style('display', exp ? 'none' : 'block');
                d3.select(this).classed('expanded', !exp);
                d3.event.preventDefault();
            });

        var featureContainer = content.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'data-feature-filters')
            .style('display', 'none');

        var featureList = featureContainer.append('ul')
            .attr('class', 'layer-list layer-feature-list');


        context.features()
            .on('change.map_data-update', update);

        setFill(fillDefault);

        var keybinding = d3.keybinding('features')
            .on(key, togglePanel)
            .on('W', toggleWireframe)
            .on('B', hidePanel)
            .on('H', hidePanel);

        d3.select(document)
            .call(keybinding);

        context.surface().on('mousedown.map_data-outside', hidePanel);
        context.container().on('mousedown.map_data-outside', hidePanel);
    }

    return map_data;
};
iD.ui.MapInMap = function(context) {
    var key = '/';

    function map_in_map(selection) {
        var backgroundLayer = iD.TileLayer(context),
            overlayLayers = {},
            projection = iD.geo.RawMercator(),
            gpxLayer = iD.svg.Gpx(projection, context).showLabels(false),
            zoom = d3.behavior.zoom()
                .scaleExtent([ztok(0.5), ztok(24)])
                .on('zoom', zoomPan),
            transformed = false,
            panning = false,
            hidden = true,
            zDiff = 6,    // by default, minimap renders at (main zoom - 6)
            tStart, tLast, tCurr, kLast, kCurr, tiles, svg, timeoutId;

        function ztok(z) { return 256 * Math.pow(2, z); }
        function ktoz(k) { return Math.log(k) / Math.LN2 - 8; }


        function startMouse() {
            context.surface().on('mouseup.map-in-map-outside', endMouse);
            context.container().on('mouseup.map-in-map-outside', endMouse);

            tStart = tLast = tCurr = projection.translate();
            panning = true;
        }


        function zoomPan() {
            var e = d3.event.sourceEvent,
                t = d3.event.translate,
                k = d3.event.scale,
                zMain = ktoz(context.projection.scale() * 2 * Math.PI),
                zMini = ktoz(k);

            // restrict minimap zoom to < (main zoom - 3)
            if (zMini > zMain - 3) {
                zMini = zMain - 3;
                zoom.scale(kCurr).translate(tCurr);  // restore last good values
                return;
            }

            tCurr = t;
            kCurr = k;
            zDiff = zMain - zMini;

            var scale = kCurr / kLast,
                tX = (tCurr[0] / scale - tLast[0]) * scale,
                tY = (tCurr[1] / scale - tLast[1]) * scale;

            iD.util.setTransform(tiles, tX, tY, scale);
            iD.util.setTransform(svg, 0, 0, scale);
            transformed = true;

            queueRedraw();

            e.preventDefault();
            e.stopPropagation();
        }


        function endMouse() {
            context.surface().on('mouseup.map-in-map-outside', null);
            context.container().on('mouseup.map-in-map-outside', null);

            updateProjection();
            panning = false;

            if (tCurr[0] !== tStart[0] && tCurr[1] !== tStart[1]) {
                var dMini = wrap.dimensions(),
                    cMini = [ dMini[0] / 2, dMini[1] / 2 ];

                context.map().center(projection.invert(cMini));
            }
        }


        function updateProjection() {
            var loc = context.map().center(),
                dMini = wrap.dimensions(),
                cMini = [ dMini[0] / 2, dMini[1] / 2 ],
                tMain = context.projection.translate(),
                kMain = context.projection.scale(),
                zMain = ktoz(kMain * 2 * Math.PI),
                zMini = Math.max(zMain - zDiff, 0.5),
                kMini = ztok(zMini);

            projection
                .translate(tMain)
                .scale(kMini / (2 * Math.PI));

            var s = projection(loc),
                mouse = panning ? [ tCurr[0] - tStart[0], tCurr[1] - tStart[1] ] : [0, 0],
                tMini = [
                    cMini[0] - s[0] + tMain[0] + mouse[0],
                    cMini[1] - s[1] + tMain[1] + mouse[1]
                ];

            projection
                .translate(tMini)
                .clipExtent([[0, 0], dMini]);

            zoom
                .center(cMini)
                .translate(tMini)
                .scale(kMini);

            tLast = tCurr = tMini;
            kLast = kCurr = kMini;

            if (transformed) {
                iD.util.setTransform(tiles, 0, 0);
                iD.util.setTransform(svg, 0, 0);
                transformed = false;
            }
        }


        function redraw() {
            if (hidden) return;

            updateProjection();

            var dMini = wrap.dimensions(),
                zMini = ktoz(projection.scale() * 2 * Math.PI);

            // setup tile container
            tiles = wrap
                .selectAll('.map-in-map-tiles')
                .data([0]);

            tiles
                .enter()
                .append('div')
                .attr('class', 'map-in-map-tiles');

            // redraw background
            backgroundLayer
                .source(context.background().baseLayerSource())
                .projection(projection)
                .dimensions(dMini);

            var background = tiles
                .selectAll('.map-in-map-background')
                .data([0]);

            background.enter()
                .append('div')
                .attr('class', 'map-in-map-background');

            background
                .call(backgroundLayer);


            // redraw overlay
            var overlaySources = context.background().overlayLayerSources();
            var activeOverlayLayers = [];
            for (var i = 0; i < overlaySources.length; i++) {
                if (overlaySources[i].validZoom(zMini)) {
                    if (!overlayLayers[i]) overlayLayers[i] = iD.TileLayer(context);
                    activeOverlayLayers.push(overlayLayers[i]
                        .source(overlaySources[i])
                        .projection(projection)
                        .dimensions(dMini));
                }
            }

            var overlay = tiles
                .selectAll('.map-in-map-overlay')
                .data([0]);

            overlay.enter()
                .append('div')
                .attr('class', 'map-in-map-overlay');

            var overlays = overlay
                .selectAll('div')
                .data(activeOverlayLayers, function(d) { return d.source().name(); });

            overlays.enter().append('div');
            overlays.each(function(layer) {
                d3.select(this).call(layer);
            });

            overlays.exit()
                .remove();


            var gpx = tiles
                .selectAll('.map-in-map-gpx')
                .data(gpxLayer.enabled() ? [0] : []);

            gpx.enter()
                .append('svg')
                .attr('class', 'map-in-map-gpx');

            gpx.exit()
                .remove();

            gpx.call(gpxLayer);


            // redraw bounding box
            if (!panning) {
                var getPath = d3.geo.path().projection(projection),
                    bbox = { type: 'Polygon', coordinates: [context.map().extent().polygon()] };

                svg = wrap.selectAll('.map-in-map-svg')
                    .data([0]);

                svg.enter()
                    .append('svg')
                    .attr('class', 'map-in-map-svg');

                var path = svg.selectAll('.map-in-map-bbox')
                    .data([bbox]);

                path.enter()
                    .append('path')
                    .attr('class', 'map-in-map-bbox');

                path
                    .attr('d', getPath)
                    .classed('thick', function(d) { return getPath.area(d) < 30; });
            }
        }


        function queueRedraw() {
            clearTimeout(timeoutId);
            timeoutId = setTimeout(function() { redraw(); }, 300);
        }


        function toggle() {
            if (d3.event) d3.event.preventDefault();

            hidden = !hidden;

            var label = d3.select('.minimap-toggle');
            label.classed('active', !hidden)
                .select('input').property('checked', !hidden);

            if (hidden) {
                wrap
                    .style('display', 'block')
                    .style('opacity', 1)
                    .transition()
                    .duration(200)
                    .style('opacity', 0)
                    .each('end', function() {
                        d3.select(this).style('display', 'none');
                    });
            } else {
                wrap
                    .style('display', 'block')
                    .style('opacity', 0)
                    .transition()
                    .duration(200)
                    .style('opacity', 1);

                redraw();
            }
        }

        iD.ui.MapInMap.toggle = toggle;

        var wrap = selection.selectAll('.map-in-map')
            .data([0]);

        wrap.enter()
            .append('div')
            .attr('class', 'map-in-map')
            .style('display', (hidden ? 'none' : 'block'))
            .on('mousedown.map-in-map', startMouse)
            .on('mouseup.map-in-map', endMouse)
            .call(zoom)
            .on('dblclick.zoom', null);

        context.map()
            .on('drawn.map-in-map', function(drawn) {
                if (drawn.full === true) redraw();
            });

        redraw();

        var keybinding = d3.keybinding('map-in-map')
            .on(key, toggle);

        d3.select(document)
            .call(keybinding);
    }

    return map_in_map;
};
iD.ui.modal = function(selection, blocking) {
    var keybinding = d3.keybinding('modal');
    var previous = selection.select('div.modal');
    var animate = previous.empty();

    previous.transition()
        .duration(200)
        .style('opacity', 0)
        .remove();

    var shaded = selection
        .append('div')
        .attr('class', 'shaded')
        .style('opacity', 0);

    shaded.close = function() {
        shaded
            .transition()
            .duration(200)
            .style('opacity',0)
            .remove();
        modal
            .transition()
            .duration(200)
            .style('top','0px');

        keybinding.off();
    };


    var modal = shaded.append('div')
        .attr('class', 'modal fillL col6');

    if (!blocking) {
        shaded.on('click.remove-modal', function() {
            if (d3.event.target === this) {
                shaded.close();
            }
        });

        modal.append('button')
            .attr('class', 'close')
            .on('click', shaded.close)
            .call(iD.svg.Icon('#icon-close'));

        keybinding
            .on('⌫', shaded.close)
            .on('⎋', shaded.close);

        d3.select(document).call(keybinding);
    }

    modal.append('div')
        .attr('class', 'content');

    if (animate) {
        shaded.transition().style('opacity', 1);
    } else {
        shaded.style('opacity', 1);
    }

    return shaded;
};
iD.ui.Modes = function(context) {
    var modes = [
        iD.modes.AddPoint(context),
        iD.modes.AddLine(context),
        iD.modes.AddArea(context)];

    function editable() {
        return context.editable() && context.mode().id !== 'save';
    }

    return function(selection) {
        var buttons = selection.selectAll('button.add-button')
            .data(modes);

       buttons.enter().append('button')
           .attr('tabindex', -1)
           .attr('class', function(mode) { return mode.id + ' add-button col4'; })
           .on('click.mode-buttons', function(mode) {
               if (mode.id === context.mode().id) {
                   context.enter(iD.modes.Browse(context));
               } else {
                   context.enter(mode);
               }
           })
           .call(bootstrap.tooltip()
               .placement('bottom')
               .html(true)
               .title(function(mode) {
                   return iD.ui.tooltipHtml(mode.description, mode.key);
               }));

        context.map()
            .on('move.modes', _.debounce(update, 500));

        context
            .on('enter.modes', update);

        buttons.each(function(d) {
            d3.select(this)
                .call(iD.svg.Icon('#icon-' + d.button, 'pre-text'));
        });

        buttons.append('span')
            .attr('class', 'label')
            .text(function(mode) { return mode.title; });

        context.on('enter.editor', function(entered) {
            buttons.classed('active', function(mode) { return entered.button === mode.button; });
            context.container()
                .classed('mode-' + entered.id, true);
        });

        context.on('exit.editor', function(exited) {
            context.container()
                .classed('mode-' + exited.id, false);
        });

        var keybinding = d3.keybinding('mode-buttons');

        modes.forEach(function(m) {
            keybinding.on(m.key, function() { if (editable()) context.enter(m); });
        });

        d3.select(document)
            .call(keybinding);

        function update() {
            buttons.property('disabled', !editable());
        }
    };
};
iD.ui.Notice = function(context) {
    return function(selection) {
        var div = selection.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'notice');

        var button = div.append('button')
            .attr('class', 'zoom-to notice')
            .on('click', function() { context.map().zoom(context.minEditableZoom()); });

        button
            .call(iD.svg.Icon('#icon-plus', 'pre-text'))
            .append('span')
            .attr('class', 'label')
            .text(t('zoom_in_edit'));

        function disableTooHigh() {
            div.style('display', context.editable() ? 'none' : 'block');
        }

        context.map()
            .on('move.notice', _.debounce(disableTooHigh, 500));

        disableTooHigh();
    };
};
iD.ui.PresetIcon = function() {
    var preset, geometry;

    function presetIcon(selection) {
        selection.each(render);
    }

    function render() {
        var selection = d3.select(this),
            p = preset.apply(this, arguments),
            geom = geometry.apply(this, arguments),
            icon = p.icon || (geom === 'line' ? 'other-line' : 'marker-stroked'),
            maki = iD.data.featureIcons.hasOwnProperty(icon + '-24');

        if (icon === 'dentist') maki = true;  // workaround for dentist icon missing in `maki-sprite.json`

        function tag_classes(p) {
            var s = '';
            for (var i in p.tags) {
                s += ' tag-' + i;
                if (p.tags[i] !== '*') {
                    s += ' tag-' + i + '-' + p.tags[i];
                }
            }
            return s;
        }

        var $fill = selection.selectAll('.preset-icon-fill')
            .data([0]);

        $fill.enter().append('div');

        $fill.attr('class', function() {
            return 'preset-icon-fill preset-icon-fill-' + geom + tag_classes(p);
        });

        var $frame = selection.selectAll('.preset-icon-frame')
            .data([0]);

        $frame.enter()
            .append('div')
            .call(iD.svg.Icon('#preset-icon-frame'));

        $frame.attr('class', function() {
            return 'preset-icon-frame ' + (geom === 'area' ? '' : 'hide');
        });


        var $icon = selection.selectAll('.preset-icon')
            .data([0]);

        $icon.enter()
            .append('div')
            .attr('class', 'preset-icon')
            .call(iD.svg.Icon(''));

        $icon
            .attr('class', 'preset-icon preset-icon-' + (maki ? '32' : (geom === 'area' ? '44' : '60')));

        $icon.selectAll('svg')
            .attr('class', function() {
                return 'icon ' + icon + tag_classes(p);
            });

        $icon.selectAll('use')       // workaround: maki parking-24 broken?
            .attr('href', '#' + icon + (maki ? ( icon === 'parking' ? '-18' : '-24') : ''));
    }

    presetIcon.preset = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return preset;
        preset = d3.functor(_);
        return presetIcon;
    };

    presetIcon.geometry = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return geometry;
        geometry = d3.functor(_);
        return presetIcon;
    };

    return presetIcon;
};
iD.ui.preset = function(context) {
    var event = d3.dispatch('change'),
        state,
        fields,
        preset,
        tags,
        id;

    function UIField(field, entity, show) {
        field = _.clone(field);

        field.input = iD.ui.preset[field.type](field, context)
            .on('change', event.change);

        if (field.input.entity) field.input.entity(entity);

        field.keys = field.keys || [field.key];

        field.show = show;

        field.shown = function() {
            return field.id === 'name' || field.show || _.some(field.keys, function(key) { return !!tags[key]; });
        };

        field.modified = function() {
            var original = context.graph().base().entities[entity.id];
            return _.some(field.keys, function(key) {
                return original ? tags[key] !== original.tags[key] : tags[key];
            });
        };

        field.revert = function() {
            var original = context.graph().base().entities[entity.id],
                t = {};
            field.keys.forEach(function(key) {
                t[key] = original ? original.tags[key] : undefined;
            });
            return t;
        };

        field.present = function() {
            return _.some(field.keys, function(key) {
                return tags[key];
            });
        };

        field.remove = function() {
            var t = {};
            field.keys.forEach(function(key) {
                t[key] = undefined;
            });
            return t;
        };

        return field;
    }

    function fieldKey(field) {
        return field.id;
    }

    function presets(selection) {
        selection.call(iD.ui.Disclosure()
            .title(t('inspector.all_fields'))
            .expanded(context.storage('preset_fields.expanded') !== 'false')
            .on('toggled', toggled)
            .content(content));

        function toggled(expanded) {
            context.storage('preset_fields.expanded', expanded);
        }
    }

    function content(selection) {
        if (!fields) {
            var entity = context.entity(id),
                geometry = context.geometry(id);

            fields = [UIField(context.presets().field('name'), entity)];

            preset.fields.forEach(function(field) {
                if (field.matchGeometry(geometry)) {
                    fields.push(UIField(field, entity, true));
                }
            });

            if (entity.isHighwayIntersection(context.graph())) {
                fields.push(UIField(context.presets().field('restrictions'), entity, true));
            }

            context.presets().universal().forEach(function(field) {
                if (preset.fields.indexOf(field) < 0) {
                    fields.push(UIField(field, entity));
                }
            });
        }

        var shown = fields.filter(function(field) { return field.shown(); }),
            notShown = fields.filter(function(field) { return !field.shown(); });

        var $form = selection.selectAll('.preset-form')
            .data([0]);

        $form.enter().append('div')
            .attr('class', 'preset-form inspector-inner fillL3');

        var $fields = $form.selectAll('.form-field')
            .data(shown, fieldKey);

        // Enter

        var $enter = $fields.enter()
            .append('div')
            .attr('class', function(field) {
                return 'form-field form-field-' + field.id;
            });

        var $label = $enter.append('label')
            .attr('class', 'form-label')
            .attr('for', function(field) { return 'preset-input-' + field.id; })
            .text(function(field) { return field.label(); });

        var wrap = $label.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'form-label-button-wrap');

        wrap.append('button')
            .attr('class', 'remove-icon')
            .attr('tabindex', -1)
            .call(iD.svg.Icon('#operation-delete'));

        wrap.append('button')
            .attr('class', 'modified-icon')
            .attr('tabindex', -1)
            .call(iD.svg.Icon('#icon-undo'));

        // Update

        $fields.select('.form-label-button-wrap .remove-icon')
            .on('click', remove);

        $fields.select('.modified-icon')
            .on('click', revert);

        $fields
            .order()
            .classed('modified', function(field) {
                return field.modified();
            })
            .classed('present', function(field) {
                return field.present();
            })
            .each(function(field) {
                var reference = iD.ui.TagReference(field.reference || {key: field.key}, context);

                if (state === 'hover') {
                    reference.showing(false);
                }

                d3.select(this)
                    .call(field.input)
                    .selectAll('input')
                    .on('keydown', function() {
                        // if user presses enter, and combobox is not active, accept edits..
                        if (d3.event.keyCode === 13 && d3.select('.combobox').empty()) {
                            context.enter(iD.modes.Browse(context));
                        }
                    })
                    .call(reference.body)
                    .select('.form-label-button-wrap')
                    .call(reference.button);

                field.input.tags(tags);
            });

        $fields.exit()
            .remove();

        notShown = notShown.map(function(field) {
            return {
                title: field.label(),
                value: field.label(),
                field: field
            };
        });

        var $more = selection.selectAll('.more-fields')
            .data((notShown.length > 0) ? [0] : []);

        $more.enter().append('div')
            .attr('class', 'more-fields')
            .append('label')
                .text(t('inspector.add_fields'));

        var $input = $more.selectAll('.value')
            .data([0]);

        $input.enter().append('input')
            .attr('class', 'value')
            .attr('type', 'text');

        $input.value('')
            .attr('placeholder', function() {
                var placeholder = [];
                for (var field in notShown) {
                    placeholder.push(notShown[field].title);
                }
                return placeholder.slice(0,3).join(', ') + ((placeholder.length > 3) ? '…' : '');
            })
            .call(d3.combobox().data(notShown)
                .minItems(1)
                .on('accept', show));

        $more.exit()
            .remove();

        $input.exit()
            .remove();

        function show(field) {
            field = field.field;
            field.show = true;
            content(selection);
            field.input.focus();
        }

        function revert(field) {
            d3.event.stopPropagation();
            d3.event.preventDefault();
            event.change(field.revert());
        }

        function remove(field) {
            d3.event.stopPropagation();
            d3.event.preventDefault();
            event.change(field.remove());
        }
    }

    presets.preset = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return preset;
        if (preset && preset.id === _.id) return presets;
        preset = _;
        fields = null;
        return presets;
    };

    presets.state = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return state;
        state = _;
        return presets;
    };

    presets.tags = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return tags;
        tags = _;
        // Don't reset fields here.
        return presets;
    };

    presets.entityID = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return id;
        if (id === _) return presets;
        id = _;
        fields = null;
        return presets;
    };

    return d3.rebind(presets, event, 'on');
};
iD.ui.PresetList = function(context) {
    var event = d3.dispatch('choose'),
        id,
        currentPreset,
        autofocus = false;

    function presetList(selection) {
        var geometry = context.geometry(id),
            presets = context.presets().matchGeometry(geometry);

        selection.html('');

        var messagewrap = selection.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'header fillL cf');

        var message = messagewrap.append('h3')
            .text(t('inspector.choose'));

        if (context.entity(id).isUsed(context.graph())) {
            messagewrap.append('button')
                .attr('class', 'preset-choose')
                .on('click', function() { event.choose(currentPreset); })
                .append('span')
                .html('&#9658;');
        } else {
            messagewrap.append('button')
                .attr('class', 'close')
                .on('click', function() {
                    context.enter(iD.modes.Browse(context));
                })
                .call(iD.svg.Icon('#icon-close'));
        }

        function keydown() {
            // hack to let delete shortcut work when search is autofocused
            if (search.property('value').length === 0 &&
                (d3.event.keyCode === d3.keybinding.keyCodes['⌫'] ||
                 d3.event.keyCode === d3.keybinding.keyCodes['⌦'])) {
                d3.event.preventDefault();
                d3.event.stopPropagation();
                iD.operations.Delete([id], context)();
            } else if (search.property('value').length === 0 &&
                (d3.event.ctrlKey || d3.event.metaKey) &&
                d3.event.keyCode === d3.keybinding.keyCodes.z) {
                d3.event.preventDefault();
                d3.event.stopPropagation();
                context.undo();
            } else if (!d3.event.ctrlKey && !d3.event.metaKey) {
                d3.select(this).on('keydown', null);
            }
        }

        function keypress() {
            // enter
            var value = search.property('value');
            if (d3.event.keyCode === 13 && value.length) {
                list.selectAll('.preset-list-item:first-child').datum().choose();
            }
        }

        function inputevent() {
            var value = search.property('value');
            list.classed('filtered', value.length);
            if (value.length) {
                var results = presets.search(value, geometry);
                message.text(t('inspector.results', {
                    n: results.collection.length,
                    search: value
                }));
                list.call(drawList, results);
            } else {
                list.call(drawList, context.presets().defaults(geometry, 36));
                message.text(t('inspector.choose'));
            }
        }

        var searchWrap = selection.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'search-header');

        var search = searchWrap.append('input')
            .attr('class', 'preset-search-input')
            .attr('placeholder', t('inspector.search'))
            .attr('type', 'search')
            .on('keydown', keydown)
            .on('keypress', keypress)
            .on('input', inputevent);

        searchWrap
            .call(iD.svg.Icon('#icon-search', 'pre-text'));

        if (autofocus) {
            search.node().focus();
        }

        var listWrap = selection.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'inspector-body');

        var list = listWrap.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'preset-list fillL cf')
            .call(drawList, context.presets().defaults(geometry, 36));
    }

    function drawList(list, presets) {
        var collection = presets.collection.map(function(preset) {
            return preset.members ? CategoryItem(preset) : PresetItem(preset);
        });

        var items = list.selectAll('.preset-list-item')
            .data(collection, function(d) { return d.preset.id; });

        items.enter().append('div')
            .attr('class', function(item) { return 'preset-list-item preset-' + item.preset.id.replace('/', '-'); })
            .classed('current', function(item) { return item.preset === currentPreset; })
            .each(function(item) {
                d3.select(this).call(item);
            })
            .style('opacity', 0)
            .transition()
            .style('opacity', 1);

        items.order();

        items.exit()
            .remove();
    }

    function CategoryItem(preset) {
        var box, sublist, shown = false;

        function item(selection) {
            var wrap = selection.append('div')
                .attr('class', 'preset-list-button-wrap category col12');

            wrap.append('button')
                .attr('class', 'preset-list-button')
                .classed('expanded', false)
                .call(iD.ui.PresetIcon()
                    .geometry(context.geometry(id))
                    .preset(preset))
                .on('click', function() {
                    var isExpanded = d3.select(this).classed('expanded');
                    var triangle = isExpanded ? '▶ ' :  '▼ ';
                    d3.select(this).classed('expanded', !isExpanded);
                    d3.select(this).selectAll('.label').text(triangle + preset.name());
                    item.choose();
                })
                .append('div')
                .attr('class', 'label')
                .text(function() {
                  return '▶ ' + preset.name();
                });

            box = selection.append('div')
                .attr('class', 'subgrid col12')
                .style('max-height', '0px')
                .style('opacity', 0);

            box.append('div')
                .attr('class', 'arrow');

            sublist = box.append('div')
                .attr('class', 'preset-list fillL3 cf fl');
        }

        item.choose = function() {
            if (!box || !sublist) return;

            if (shown) {
                shown = false;
                box.transition()
                    .duration(200)
                    .style('opacity', '0')
                    .style('max-height', '0px')
                    .style('padding-bottom', '0px');
            } else {
                shown = true;
                sublist.call(drawList, preset.members);
                box.transition()
                    .duration(200)
                    .style('opacity', '1')
                    .style('max-height', 200 + preset.members.collection.length * 80 + 'px')
                    .style('padding-bottom', '20px');
            }
        };

        item.preset = preset;

        return item;
    }

    function PresetItem(preset) {
        function item(selection) {
            var wrap = selection.append('div')
                .attr('class', 'preset-list-button-wrap col12');

            wrap.append('button')
                .attr('class', 'preset-list-button')
                .call(iD.ui.PresetIcon()
                    .geometry(context.geometry(id))
                    .preset(preset))
                .on('click', item.choose)
                .append('div')
                .attr('class', 'label')
                .text(preset.name());

            wrap.call(item.reference.button);
            selection.call(item.reference.body);
        }

        item.choose = function() {
            context.presets().choose(preset);

            context.perform(
                iD.actions.ChangePreset(id, currentPreset, preset),
                t('operations.change_tags.annotation'));

            event.choose(preset);
        };

        item.help = function() {
            d3.event.stopPropagation();
            item.reference.toggle();
        };

        item.preset = preset;
        item.reference = iD.ui.TagReference(preset.reference(context.geometry(id)), context);

        return item;
    }

    presetList.autofocus = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return autofocus;
        autofocus = _;
        return presetList;
    };

    presetList.entityID = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return id;
        id = _;
        presetList.preset(context.presets().match(context.entity(id), context.graph()));
        return presetList;
    };

    presetList.preset = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return currentPreset;
        currentPreset = _;
        return presetList;
    };

    return d3.rebind(presetList, event, 'on');
};
iD.ui.RadialMenu = function(context, operations) {
    var menu,
        center = [0, 0],
        tooltip;

    var radialMenu = function(selection) {
        if (!operations.length)
            return;

        selection.node().parentNode.focus();

        function click(operation) {
            d3.event.stopPropagation();
            if (operation.disabled())
                return;
            operation();
            radialMenu.close();
        }

        menu = selection.append('g')
            .attr('class', 'radial-menu')
            .attr('transform', 'translate(' + center + ')')
            .attr('opacity', 0);

        menu.transition()
            .attr('opacity', 1);

        var r = 50,
            a = Math.PI / 4,
            a0 = -Math.PI / 4,
            a1 = a0 + (operations.length - 1) * a;

        menu.append('path')
            .attr('class', 'radial-menu-background')
            .attr('d', 'M' + r * Math.sin(a0) + ',' +
                             r * Math.cos(a0) +
                      ' A' + r + ',' + r + ' 0 ' + (operations.length > 5 ? '1' : '0') + ',0 ' +
                             (r * Math.sin(a1) + 1e-3) + ',' +
                             (r * Math.cos(a1) + 1e-3)) // Force positive-length path (#1305)
            .attr('stroke-width', 50)
            .attr('stroke-linecap', 'round');

        var button = menu.selectAll()
            .data(operations)
            .enter()
            .append('g')
            .attr('class', function(d) { return 'radial-menu-item radial-menu-item-' + d.id; })
            .classed('disabled', function(d) { return d.disabled(); })
            .attr('transform', function(d, i) {
                return 'translate(' + iD.geo.roundCoords([
                        r * Math.sin(a0 + i * a),
                        r * Math.cos(a0 + i * a)]).join(',') + ')';
            });

        button.append('circle')
            .attr('r', 15)
            .on('click', click)
            .on('mousedown', mousedown)
            .on('mouseover', mouseover)
            .on('mouseout', mouseout);

        button.append('use')
            .attr('transform', 'translate(-10,-10)')
            .attr('width', '20')
            .attr('height', '20')
            .attr('xlink:href', function(d) { return '#operation-' + d.id; });

        tooltip = d3.select(document.body)
            .append('div')
            .attr('class', 'tooltip-inner radial-menu-tooltip');

        function mousedown() {
            d3.event.stopPropagation(); // https://github.com/openstreetmap/iD/issues/1869
        }

        function mouseover(d, i) {
            var rect = context.surfaceRect(),
                angle = a0 + i * a,
                top = rect.top + (r + 25) * Math.cos(angle) + center[1] + 'px',
                left = rect.left + (r + 25) * Math.sin(angle) + center[0] + 'px',
                bottom = rect.height - (r + 25) * Math.cos(angle) - center[1] + 'px',
                right = rect.width - (r + 25) * Math.sin(angle) - center[0] + 'px';

            tooltip
                .style('top', null)
                .style('left', null)
                .style('bottom', null)
                .style('right', null)
                .style('display', 'block')
                .html(iD.ui.tooltipHtml(d.tooltip(), d.keys[0]));

            if (i === 0) {
                tooltip
                    .style('right', right)
                    .style('top', top);
            } else if (i >= 4) {
                tooltip
                    .style('left', left)
                    .style('bottom', bottom);
            } else {
                tooltip
                    .style('left', left)
                    .style('top', top);
            }
        }

        function mouseout() {
            tooltip.style('display', 'none');
        }
    };

    radialMenu.close = function() {
        if (menu) {
            menu
                .style('pointer-events', 'none')
                .transition()
                .attr('opacity', 0)
                .remove();
        }

        if (tooltip) {
            tooltip.remove();
        }
    };

    radialMenu.center = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return center;
        center = _;
        return radialMenu;
    };

    return radialMenu;
};
iD.ui.RawMemberEditor = function(context) {
    var id;

    function selectMember(d) {
        d3.event.preventDefault();
        context.enter(iD.modes.Select(context, [d.id]));
    }

    function changeRole(d) {
        var role = d3.select(this).property('value');
        var member = {id: d.id, type: d.type, role: role};
        context.perform(
            iD.actions.ChangeMember(d.relation.id, member, d.index),
            t('operations.change_role.annotation'));
    }

    function deleteMember(d) {
        context.perform(
            iD.actions.DeleteMember(d.relation.id, d.index),
            t('operations.delete_member.annotation'));

        if (!context.hasEntity(d.relation.id)) {
            context.enter(iD.modes.Browse(context));
        }
    }

    function rawMemberEditor(selection) {
        var entity = context.entity(id),
            memberships = [];

        entity.members.forEach(function(member, index) {
            memberships.push({
                index: index,
                id: member.id,
                type: member.type,
                role: member.role,
                relation: entity,
                member: context.hasEntity(member.id)
            });
        });

        selection.call(iD.ui.Disclosure()
            .title(t('inspector.all_members') + ' (' + memberships.length + ')')
            .expanded(true)
            .on('toggled', toggled)
            .content(content));

        function toggled(expanded) {
            if (expanded) {
                selection.node().parentNode.scrollTop += 200;
            }
        }

        function content($wrap) {
            var $list = $wrap.selectAll('.member-list')
                .data([0]);

            $list.enter().append('ul')
                .attr('class', 'member-list');

            var $items = $list.selectAll('li')
                .data(memberships, function(d) {
                    return iD.Entity.key(d.relation) + ',' + d.index + ',' +
                        (d.member ? iD.Entity.key(d.member) : 'incomplete');
                });

            var $enter = $items.enter().append('li')
                .attr('class', 'member-row form-field')
                .classed('member-incomplete', function(d) { return !d.member; });

            $enter.each(function(d) {
                if (d.member) {
                    var $label = d3.select(this).append('label')
                        .attr('class', 'form-label')
                        .append('a')
                        .attr('href', '#')
                        .on('click', selectMember);

                    $label.append('span')
                        .attr('class', 'member-entity-type')
                        .text(function(d) { return context.presets().match(d.member, context.graph()).name(); });

                    $label.append('span')
                        .attr('class', 'member-entity-name')
                        .text(function(d) { return iD.util.displayName(d.member); });

                } else {
                    d3.select(this).append('label')
                        .attr('class', 'form-label')
                        .text(t('inspector.incomplete'));
                }
            });

            $enter.append('input')
                .attr('class', 'member-role')
                .property('type', 'text')
                .attr('maxlength', 255)
                .attr('placeholder', t('inspector.role'))
                .property('value', function(d) { return d.role; })
                .on('change', changeRole);

            $enter.append('button')
                .attr('tabindex', -1)
                .attr('class', 'remove button-input-action member-delete minor')
                .on('click', deleteMember)
                .call(iD.svg.Icon('#operation-delete'));

            $items.exit()
                .remove();
        }
    }

    rawMemberEditor.entityID = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return id;
        id = _;
        return rawMemberEditor;
    };

    return rawMemberEditor;
};
iD.ui.RawMembershipEditor = function(context) {
    var id, showBlank;

    function selectRelation(d) {
        d3.event.preventDefault();
        context.enter(iD.modes.Select(context, [d.relation.id]));
    }

    function changeRole(d) {
        var role = d3.select(this).property('value');
        context.perform(
            iD.actions.ChangeMember(d.relation.id, _.extend({}, d.member, {role: role}), d.index),
            t('operations.change_role.annotation'));
    }

    function addMembership(d, role) {
        showBlank = false;

        if (d.relation) {
            context.perform(
                iD.actions.AddMember(d.relation.id, {id: id, type: context.entity(id).type, role: role}),
                t('operations.add_member.annotation'));

        } else {
            var relation = iD.Relation();

            context.perform(
                iD.actions.AddEntity(relation),
                iD.actions.AddMember(relation.id, {id: id, type: context.entity(id).type, role: role}),
                t('operations.add.annotation.relation'));

            context.enter(iD.modes.Select(context, [relation.id]));
        }
    }

    function deleteMembership(d) {
        context.perform(
            iD.actions.DeleteMember(d.relation.id, d.index),
            t('operations.delete_member.annotation'));
    }

    function relations(q) {
        var newRelation = {
                relation: null,
                value: t('inspector.new_relation')
            },
            result = [],
            graph = context.graph();

        context.intersects(context.extent()).forEach(function(entity) {
            if (entity.type !== 'relation' || entity.id === id)
                return;

            var presetName = context.presets().match(entity, graph).name(),
                entityName = iD.util.displayName(entity) || '';

            var value = presetName + ' ' + entityName;
            if (q && value.toLowerCase().indexOf(q.toLowerCase()) === -1)
                return;

            result.push({
                relation: entity,
                value: value
            });
        });

        result.sort(function(a, b) {
            return iD.Relation.creationOrder(a.relation, b.relation);
        });

        // Dedupe identical names by appending relation id - see #2891
        var dupeGroups = _(result)
            .groupBy('value')
            .filter(function(v) { return v.length > 1; })
            .value();

        dupeGroups.forEach(function(group) {
            group.forEach(function(obj) {
                obj.value += ' ' + obj.relation.id;
            });
        });

        result.unshift(newRelation);

        return result;
    }

    function rawMembershipEditor(selection) {
        var entity = context.entity(id),
            memberships = [];

        context.graph().parentRelations(entity).forEach(function(relation) {
            relation.members.forEach(function(member, index) {
                if (member.id === entity.id) {
                    memberships.push({relation: relation, member: member, index: index});
                }
            });
        });

        selection.call(iD.ui.Disclosure()
            .title(t('inspector.all_relations') + ' (' + memberships.length + ')')
            .expanded(true)
            .on('toggled', toggled)
            .content(content));

        function toggled(expanded) {
            if (expanded) {
                selection.node().parentNode.scrollTop += 200;
            }
        }

        function content($wrap) {
            var $list = $wrap.selectAll('.member-list')
                .data([0]);

            $list.enter().append('ul')
                .attr('class', 'member-list');

            var $items = $list.selectAll('li.member-row-normal')
                .data(memberships, function(d) { return iD.Entity.key(d.relation) + ',' + d.index; });

            var $enter = $items.enter().append('li')
                .attr('class', 'member-row member-row-normal form-field');

            var $label = $enter.append('label')
                .attr('class', 'form-label')
                .append('a')
                .attr('href', '#')
                .on('click', selectRelation);

            $label.append('span')
                .attr('class', 'member-entity-type')
                .text(function(d) { return context.presets().match(d.relation, context.graph()).name(); });

            $label.append('span')
                .attr('class', 'member-entity-name')
                .text(function(d) { return iD.util.displayName(d.relation); });

            $enter.append('input')
                .attr('class', 'member-role')
                .property('type', 'text')
                .attr('maxlength', 255)
                .attr('placeholder', t('inspector.role'))
                .property('value', function(d) { return d.member.role; })
                .on('change', changeRole);

            $enter.append('button')
                .attr('tabindex', -1)
                .attr('class', 'remove button-input-action member-delete minor')
                .on('click', deleteMembership)
                .call(iD.svg.Icon('#operation-delete'));

            $items.exit()
                .remove();

            if (showBlank) {
                var $new = $list.selectAll('.member-row-new')
                    .data([0]);

                $enter = $new.enter().append('li')
                    .attr('class', 'member-row member-row-new form-field');

                $enter.append('input')
                    .attr('type', 'text')
                    .attr('class', 'member-entity-input')
                    .call(d3.combobox()
                        .minItems(1)
                        .fetcher(function(value, callback) {
                            callback(relations(value));
                        })
                        .on('accept', function(d) {
                            addMembership(d, $new.select('.member-role').property('value'));
                        }));

                $enter.append('input')
                    .attr('class', 'member-role')
                    .property('type', 'text')
                    .attr('maxlength', 255)
                    .attr('placeholder', t('inspector.role'))
                    .on('change', changeRole);

                $enter.append('button')
                    .attr('tabindex', -1)
                    .attr('class', 'remove button-input-action member-delete minor')
                    .on('click', deleteMembership)
                    .call(iD.svg.Icon('#operation-delete'));

            } else {
                $list.selectAll('.member-row-new')
                    .remove();
            }

            var $add = $wrap.selectAll('.add-relation')
                .data([0]);

            $add.enter()
                .append('button')
                .attr('class', 'add-relation')
                .call(iD.svg.Icon('#icon-plus', 'light'));

            $wrap.selectAll('.add-relation')
                .on('click', function() {
                    showBlank = true;
                    content($wrap);
                    $list.selectAll('.member-entity-input').node().focus();
                });
        }
    }

    rawMembershipEditor.entityID = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return id;
        id = _;
        return rawMembershipEditor;
    };

    return rawMembershipEditor;
};
iD.ui.RawTagEditor = function(context) {
    var event = d3.dispatch('change'),
        showBlank = false,
        state,
        preset,
        tags,
        id;

    function rawTagEditor(selection) {
        var count = Object.keys(tags).filter(function(d) { return d; }).length;

        selection.call(iD.ui.Disclosure()
            .title(t('inspector.all_tags') + ' (' + count + ')')
            .expanded(context.storage('raw_tag_editor.expanded') === 'true' || preset.isFallback())
            .on('toggled', toggled)
            .content(content));

        function toggled(expanded) {
            context.storage('raw_tag_editor.expanded', expanded);
            if (expanded) {
                selection.node().parentNode.scrollTop += 200;
            }
        }
    }

    function content($wrap) {
        var entries = d3.entries(tags);

        if (!entries.length || showBlank) {
            showBlank = false;
            entries.push({key: '', value: ''});
        }

        var $list = $wrap.selectAll('.tag-list')
            .data([0]);

        $list.enter().append('ul')
            .attr('class', 'tag-list');

        var $newTag = $wrap.selectAll('.add-tag')
            .data([0]);

        $newTag.enter()
            .append('button')
            .attr('class', 'add-tag')
            .call(iD.svg.Icon('#icon-plus', 'light'));

        $newTag.on('click', addTag);

        var $items = $list.selectAll('li')
            .data(entries, function(d) { return d.key; });

        // Enter

        var $enter = $items.enter().append('li')
            .attr('class', 'tag-row cf');

        $enter.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'key-wrap')
            .append('input')
            .property('type', 'text')
            .attr('class', 'key')
            .attr('maxlength', 255);

        $enter.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'input-wrap-position')
            .append('input')
            .property('type', 'text')
            .attr('class', 'value')
            .attr('maxlength', 255);

        $enter.append('button')
            .attr('tabindex', -1)
            .attr('class', 'remove minor')
            .call(iD.svg.Icon('#operation-delete'));

        if (context.taginfo()) {
            $enter.each(bindTypeahead);
        }

        // Update

        $items.order();

        $items.each(function(tag) {
            var isRelation = (context.entity(id).type === 'relation'),
                reference;
            if (isRelation && tag.key === 'type')
                reference = iD.ui.TagReference({rtype: tag.value}, context);
            else
                reference = iD.ui.TagReference({key: tag.key, value: tag.value}, context);

            if (state === 'hover') {
                reference.showing(false);
            }

            d3.select(this)
                .call(reference.button)
                .call(reference.body);
        });

        $items.select('input.key')
            .attr('title', function(d) { return d.key; })
            .value(function(d) { return d.key; })
            .on('blur', keyChange)
            .on('change', keyChange);

        $items.select('input.value')
            .attr('title', function(d) { return d.value; })
            .value(function(d) { return d.value; })
            .on('blur', valueChange)
            .on('change', valueChange)
            .on('keydown.push-more', pushMore);

        $items.select('button.remove')
            .on('click', removeTag);

        $items.exit()
            .each(unbind)
            .remove();

        function pushMore() {
            if (d3.event.keyCode === 9 && !d3.event.shiftKey &&
                $list.selectAll('li:last-child input.value').node() === this) {
                addTag();
            }
        }

        function bindTypeahead() {
            var row = d3.select(this),
                key = row.selectAll('input.key'),
                value = row.selectAll('input.value');

            function sort(value, data) {
                var sameletter = [],
                    other = [];
                for (var i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
                    if (data[i].value.substring(0, value.length) === value) {
                        sameletter.push(data[i]);
                    } else {
                        other.push(data[i]);
                    }
                }
                return sameletter.concat(other);
            }

            key.call(d3.combobox()
                .fetcher(function(value, callback) {
                    context.taginfo().keys({
                        debounce: true,
                        geometry: context.geometry(id),
                        query: value
                    }, function(err, data) {
                        if (!err) callback(sort(value, data));
                    });
                }));

            value.call(d3.combobox()
                .fetcher(function(value, callback) {
                    context.taginfo().values({
                        debounce: true,
                        key: key.value(),
                        geometry: context.geometry(id),
                        query: value
                    }, function(err, data) {
                        if (!err) callback(sort(value, data));
                    });
                }));
        }

        function unbind() {
            var row = d3.select(this);

            row.selectAll('input.key')
                .call(d3.combobox.off);

            row.selectAll('input.value')
                .call(d3.combobox.off);
        }

        function keyChange(d) {
            var kOld = d.key,
                kNew = this.value.trim(),
                tag = {};

            if (kNew && kNew !== kOld) {
                var match = kNew.match(/^(.*?)(?:_(\d+))?$/),
                    base = match[1],
                    suffix = +(match[2] || 1);
                while (tags[kNew]) {  // rename key if already in use
                    kNew = base + '_' + suffix++;
                }
            }
            tag[kOld] = undefined;
            tag[kNew] = d.value;
            d.key = kNew; // Maintain DOM identity through the subsequent update.
            this.value = kNew;
            event.change(tag);
        }

        function valueChange(d) {
            var tag = {};
            tag[d.key] = this.value;
            event.change(tag);
        }

        function removeTag(d) {
            var tag = {};
            tag[d.key] = undefined;
            event.change(tag);
            d3.select(this.parentNode).remove();
        }

        function addTag() {
            // Wrapped in a setTimeout in case it's being called from a blur
            // handler. Without the setTimeout, the call to `content` would
            // wipe out the pending value change.
            setTimeout(function() {
                showBlank = true;
                content($wrap);
                $list.selectAll('li:last-child input.key').node().focus();
            }, 0);
        }
    }

    rawTagEditor.state = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return state;
        state = _;
        return rawTagEditor;
    };

    rawTagEditor.preset = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return preset;
        preset = _;
        return rawTagEditor;
    };

    rawTagEditor.tags = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return tags;
        tags = _;
        return rawTagEditor;
    };

    rawTagEditor.entityID = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return id;
        id = _;
        return rawTagEditor;
    };

    return d3.rebind(rawTagEditor, event, 'on');
};
iD.ui.Restore = function(context) {
    return function(selection) {
        if (!context.history().lock() || !context.history().restorableChanges())
            return;

        var modal = iD.ui.modal(selection, true);

        modal.select('.modal')
            .attr('class', 'modal fillL col6');

        var introModal = modal.select('.content');

        introModal.attr('class','cf');

        introModal.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'modal-section')
            .append('h3')
            .text(t('restore.heading'));

        introModal.append('div')
            .attr('class','modal-section')
            .append('p')
            .text(t('restore.description'));

        var buttonWrap = introModal.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'modal-actions cf');

        var restore = buttonWrap.append('button')
            .attr('class', 'restore col6')
            .text(t('restore.restore'))
            .on('click', function() {
                context.history().restore();
                modal.remove();
            });

        buttonWrap.append('button')
            .attr('class', 'reset col6')
            .text(t('restore.reset'))
            .on('click', function() {
                context.history().clearSaved();
                modal.remove();
            });

        restore.node().focus();
    };
};
iD.ui.Save = function(context) {
    var history = context.history(),
        key = iD.ui.cmd('⌘S');


    function saving() {
        return context.mode().id === 'save';
    }

    function save() {
        d3.event.preventDefault();
        if (!context.inIntro() && !saving() && history.hasChanges()) {
            context.enter(iD.modes.Save(context));
        }
    }

    function getBackground(numChanges) {
        var step;
        if (numChanges === 0) {
            return null;
        } else if (numChanges <= 50) {
            step = numChanges / 50;
            return d3.interpolateRgb('#fff', '#ff8')(step);  // white -> yellow
        } else {
            step = Math.min((numChanges - 50) / 50, 1.0);
            return d3.interpolateRgb('#ff8', '#f88')(step);  // yellow -> red
        }
    }

    return function(selection) {
        var tooltip = bootstrap.tooltip()
            .placement('bottom')
            .html(true)
            .title(iD.ui.tooltipHtml(t('save.no_changes'), key));

        var button = selection.append('button')
            .attr('class', 'save col12 disabled')
            .attr('tabindex', -1)
            .on('click', save)
            .call(tooltip);

        button.append('span')
            .attr('class', 'label')
            .text(t('save.title'));

        button.append('span')
            .attr('class', 'count')
            .text('0');

        var keybinding = d3.keybinding('undo-redo')
            .on(key, save, true);

        d3.select(document)
            .call(keybinding);

        var numChanges = 0;

        context.history().on('change.save', function() {
            var _ = history.difference().summary().length;
            if (_ === numChanges)
                return;
            numChanges = _;

            tooltip.title(iD.ui.tooltipHtml(t(numChanges > 0 ?
                    'save.help' : 'save.no_changes'), key));

            var background = getBackground(numChanges);

            button
                .classed('disabled', numChanges === 0)
                .classed('has-count', numChanges > 0)
                .style('background', background);

            button.select('span.count')
                .text(numChanges)
                .style('background', background)
                .style('border-color', background);
        });

        context.on('enter.save', function() {
            button.property('disabled', saving());
            if (saving()) button.call(tooltip.hide);
        });
    };
};
iD.ui.Scale = function(context) {
    var projection = context.projection,
        imperial = (iD.detect().locale.toLowerCase() === 'en-us'),
        maxLength = 180,
        tickHeight = 8;

    function scaleDefs(loc1, loc2) {
        var lat = (loc2[1] + loc1[1]) / 2,
            conversion = (imperial ? 3.28084 : 1),
            dist = iD.geo.lonToMeters(loc2[0] - loc1[0], lat) * conversion,
            scale = { dist: 0, px: 0, text: '' },
            buckets, i, val, dLon;

        if (imperial) {
            buckets = [5280000, 528000, 52800, 5280, 500, 50, 5, 1];
        } else {
            buckets = [5000000, 500000, 50000, 5000, 500, 50, 5, 1];
        }

        // determine a user-friendly endpoint for the scale
        for (i = 0; i < buckets.length; i++) {
            val = buckets[i];
            if (dist >= val) {
                scale.dist = Math.floor(dist / val) * val;
                break;
            }
        }

        dLon = iD.geo.metersToLon(scale.dist / conversion, lat);
        scale.px = Math.round(projection([loc1[0] + dLon, loc1[1]])[0]);

        if (imperial) {
            if (scale.dist >= 5280) {
                scale.dist /= 5280;
                scale.text = String(scale.dist) + ' mi';
            } else {
                scale.text = String(scale.dist) + ' ft';
            }
        } else {
            if (scale.dist >= 1000) {
                scale.dist /= 1000;
                scale.text = String(scale.dist) + ' km';
            } else {
                scale.text = String(scale.dist) + ' m';
            }
        }

        return scale;
    }

    function update(selection) {
        // choose loc1, loc2 along bottom of viewport (near where the scale will be drawn)
        var dims = context.map().dimensions(),
            loc1 = projection.invert([0, dims[1]]),
            loc2 = projection.invert([maxLength, dims[1]]),
            scale = scaleDefs(loc1, loc2);

        selection.select('#scalepath')
            .attr('d', 'M0.5,0.5v' + tickHeight + 'h' + scale.px + 'v-' + tickHeight);

        selection.select('#scaletext')
            .attr('x', scale.px + 8)
            .attr('y', tickHeight)
            .text(scale.text);
    }


    return function(selection) {
        function switchUnits() {
            imperial = !imperial;
            selection.call(update);
        }

        var g = selection.append('svg')
            .attr('id', 'scale')
            .on('click', switchUnits)
            .append('g')
            .attr('transform', 'translate(10,11)');

        g.append('path').attr('id', 'scalepath');
        g.append('text').attr('id', 'scaletext');

        selection.call(update);

        context.map().on('move.scale', function() {
            update(selection);
        });
    };
};
iD.ui.SelectionList = function(context, selectedIDs) {

    function selectEntity(entity) {
        context.enter(iD.modes.Select(context, [entity.id]).suppressMenu(true));
    }


    function selectionList(selection) {
        selection.classed('selection-list-pane', true);

        var header = selection.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'header fillL cf');

        header.append('h3')
            .text(t('inspector.multiselect'));

        var listWrap = selection.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'inspector-body');

        var list = listWrap.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'feature-list cf');

        context.history().on('change.selection-list', drawList);
        drawList();

        function drawList() {
            var entities = selectedIDs
                .map(function(id) { return context.hasEntity(id); })
                .filter(function(entity) { return entity; });

            var items = list.selectAll('.feature-list-item')
                .data(entities, iD.Entity.key);

            var enter = items.enter().append('button')
                .attr('class', 'feature-list-item')
                .on('click', selectEntity);

            // Enter
            var label = enter.append('div')
                .attr('class', 'label')
                .call(iD.svg.Icon('', 'pre-text'));

            label.append('span')
                .attr('class', 'entity-type');

            label.append('span')
                .attr('class', 'entity-name');

            // Update
            items.selectAll('use')
                .attr('href', function() {
                    var entity = this.parentNode.parentNode.__data__;
                    return '#icon-' + context.geometry(entity.id);
                });

            items.selectAll('.entity-type')
                .text(function(entity) { return context.presets().match(entity, context.graph()).name(); });

            items.selectAll('.entity-name')
                .text(function(entity) { return iD.util.displayName(entity); });

            // Exit
            items.exit()
                .remove();
        }
    }

    return selectionList;

};
iD.ui.Sidebar = function(context) {
    var inspector = iD.ui.Inspector(context),
        current;

    function sidebar(selection) {
        var featureListWrap = selection.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'feature-list-pane')
            .call(iD.ui.FeatureList(context));

        selection.call(iD.ui.Notice(context));

        var inspectorWrap = selection.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'inspector-hidden inspector-wrap fr');

        function hover(id) {
            if (!current && context.hasEntity(id)) {
                featureListWrap.classed('inspector-hidden', true);
                inspectorWrap.classed('inspector-hidden', false)
                    .classed('inspector-hover', true);

                if (inspector.entityID() !== id || inspector.state() !== 'hover') {
                    inspector
                        .state('hover')
                        .entityID(id);

                    inspectorWrap.call(inspector);
                }
            } else if (!current) {
                featureListWrap.classed('inspector-hidden', false);
                inspectorWrap.classed('inspector-hidden', true);
                inspector.state('hide');
            }
        }

        sidebar.hover = _.throttle(hover, 200);

        sidebar.select = function(id, newFeature) {
            if (!current && id) {
                featureListWrap.classed('inspector-hidden', true);
                inspectorWrap.classed('inspector-hidden', false)
                    .classed('inspector-hover', false);

                if (inspector.entityID() !== id || inspector.state() !== 'select') {
                    inspector
                        .state('select')
                        .entityID(id)
                        .newFeature(newFeature);

                    inspectorWrap.call(inspector);
                }
            } else if (!current) {
                featureListWrap.classed('inspector-hidden', false);
                inspectorWrap.classed('inspector-hidden', true);
                inspector.state('hide');
            }
        };

        sidebar.show = function(component) {
            featureListWrap.classed('inspector-hidden', true);
            inspectorWrap.classed('inspector-hidden', true);
            if (current) current.remove();
            current = selection.append('div')
                .attr('class', 'sidebar-component')
                .call(component);
        };

        sidebar.hide = function() {
            featureListWrap.classed('inspector-hidden', false);
            inspectorWrap.classed('inspector-hidden', true);
            if (current) current.remove();
            current = null;
        };
    }

    sidebar.hover = function() {};
    sidebar.hover.cancel = function() {};
    sidebar.select = function() {};
    sidebar.show = function() {};
    sidebar.hide = function() {};

    return sidebar;
};
iD.ui.SourceSwitch = function(context) {
    var keys;

    function click() {
        d3.event.preventDefault();

        if (context.history().hasChanges() &&
            !window.confirm(t('source_switch.lose_changes'))) return;

        var live = d3.select(this)
            .classed('live');

        context.connection()
            .switch(live ? keys[1] : keys[0]);

        context.enter(iD.modes.Browse(context));
        context.flush();

        d3.select(this)
            .text(live ? t('source_switch.dev') : t('source_switch.live'))
            .classed('live', !live);
    }

    var sourceSwitch = function(selection) {
        selection.append('a')
            .attr('href', '#')
            .text(t('source_switch.live'))
            .classed('live', true)
            .attr('tabindex', -1)
            .on('click', click);
    };

    sourceSwitch.keys = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return keys;
        keys = _;
        return sourceSwitch;
    };

    return sourceSwitch;
};
iD.ui.Spinner = function(context) {
    var connection = context.connection();

    return function(selection) {
        var img = selection.append('img')
            .attr('src', context.imagePath('loader-black.gif'))
            .style('opacity', 0);

        connection.on('loading.spinner', function() {
            img.transition()
                .style('opacity', 1);
        });

        connection.on('loaded.spinner', function() {
            img.transition()
                .style('opacity', 0);
        });
    };
};
iD.ui.Splash = function(context) {
    return function(selection) {
        if (context.storage('sawSplash'))
             return;

        context.storage('sawSplash', true);

        var modal = iD.ui.modal(selection);

        modal.select('.modal')
            .attr('class', 'modal-splash modal col6');

        var introModal = modal.select('.content')
            .append('div')
            .attr('class', 'fillL');

        introModal.append('div')
            .attr('class','modal-section cf')
            .append('h3').text(t('splash.welcome'));

        introModal.append('div')
            .attr('class','modal-section')
            .append('p')
            .html(t('splash.text', {
                version: iD.version,
                website: '<a href="http://ideditor.com/">ideditor.com</a>',
                github: '<a href="https://github.com/openstreetmap/iD">github.com</a>'
            }));

        var buttons = introModal.append('div').attr('class', 'modal-actions cf');

        buttons.append('button')
            .attr('class', 'col6 walkthrough')
            .text(t('splash.walkthrough'))
            .on('click', function() {
                d3.select(document.body).call(iD.ui.intro(context));
                modal.close();
            });

        buttons.append('button')
            .attr('class', 'col6 start')
            .text(t('splash.start'))
            .on('click', modal.close);

        modal.select('button.close').attr('class','hide');

    };
};
iD.ui.Status = function(context) {
    var connection = context.connection(),
        errCount = 0;

    return function(selection) {

        function update() {

            connection.status(function(err, apiStatus) {

                selection.html('');

                if (err && errCount++ < 2) return;

                if (err) {
                    selection.text(t('status.error'));

                } else if (apiStatus === 'readonly') {
                    selection.text(t('status.readonly'));

                } else if (apiStatus === 'offline') {
                    selection.text(t('status.offline'));
                }

                selection.attr('class', 'api-status ' + (err ? 'error' : apiStatus));
                if (!err) errCount = 0;

            });
        }

        connection.on('auth', function() { update(selection); });
        window.setInterval(update, 90000);
        update(selection);
    };
};
iD.ui.Success = function(context) {
    var dispatch = d3.dispatch('cancel'),
        changeset;

    function success(selection) {
        var message = (changeset.comment || t('success.edited_osm')).substring(0, 130) +
            ' ' + context.connection().changesetURL(changeset.id);

        var header = selection.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'header fillL');

        header.append('button')
            .attr('class', 'fr')
            .on('click', function() { dispatch.cancel(); })
            .call(iD.svg.Icon('#icon-close'));

        header.append('h3')
            .text(t('success.just_edited'));

        var body = selection.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'body save-success fillL');

        body.append('p')
            .html(t('success.help_html'));

        body.append('a')
            .attr('class', 'details')
            .attr('target', '_blank')
            .attr('tabindex', -1)
            .call(iD.svg.Icon('#icon-out-link', 'inline'))
            .attr('href', t('success.help_link_url'))
            .append('span')
            .text(t('success.help_link_text'));

        var changesetURL = context.connection().changesetURL(changeset.id);

        body.append('a')
            .attr('class', 'button col12 osm')
            .attr('target', '_blank')
            .attr('href', changesetURL)
            .text(t('success.view_on_osm'));

        var sharing = {
            facebook: 'https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=' + encodeURIComponent(changesetURL),
            twitter: 'https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?source=webclient&text=' + encodeURIComponent(message),
            google: 'https://plus.google.com/share?url=' + encodeURIComponent(changesetURL)
        };

        body.selectAll('.button.social')
            .data(d3.entries(sharing))
            .enter()
            .append('a')
            .attr('class', 'button social col4')
            .attr('target', '_blank')
            .attr('href', function(d) { return d.value; })
            .call(bootstrap.tooltip()
                .title(function(d) { return t('success.' + d.key); })
                .placement('bottom'))
            .each(function(d) { d3.select(this).call(iD.svg.Icon('#logo-' + d.key, 'social')); });
    }

    success.changeset = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return changeset;
        changeset = _;
        return success;
    };

    return d3.rebind(success, dispatch, 'on');
};
iD.ui.TagReference = function(tag, context) {
    var tagReference = {},
        button,
        body,
        loaded,
        showing;

    function findLocal(data) {
        var locale = iD.detect().locale.toLowerCase(),
            localized;

        localized = _.find(data, function(d) {
            return d.lang.toLowerCase() === locale;
        });
        if (localized) return localized;

        // try the non-regional version of a language, like
        // 'en' if the language is 'en-US'
        if (locale.indexOf('-') !== -1) {
            var first = locale.split('-')[0];
            localized = _.find(data, function(d) {
                return d.lang.toLowerCase() === first;
            });
            if (localized) return localized;
        }

        // finally fall back to english
        return _.find(data, function(d) {
            return d.lang.toLowerCase() === 'en';
        });
    }

    function load(param) {
        button.classed('tag-reference-loading', true);

        context.taginfo().docs(param, function show(err, data) {
            var docs;
            if (!err && data) {
                docs = findLocal(data);
            }

            body.html('');

            if (!docs || !docs.description) {
                if (param.hasOwnProperty('value')) {
                    load(_.omit(param, 'value'));   // retry with key only
                } else {
                    body.append('p').text(t('inspector.no_documentation_key'));
                    done();
                }
                return;
            }

            if (docs.image && docs.image.thumb_url_prefix) {
                body
                    .append('img')
                    .attr('class', 'wiki-image')
                    .attr('src', docs.image.thumb_url_prefix + '100' + docs.image.thumb_url_suffix)
                    .on('load', function() { done(); })
                    .on('error', function() { d3.select(this).remove(); done(); });
            } else {
                done();
            }

            body
                .append('p')
                .text(docs.description);

            body
                .append('a')
                .attr('target', '_blank')
                .attr('tabindex', -1)
                .attr('href', 'https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/' + docs.title)
                .call(iD.svg.Icon('#icon-out-link', 'inline'))
                .append('span')
                .text(t('inspector.reference'));
        });
    }

    function done() {
        loaded = true;

        button.classed('tag-reference-loading', false);

        body.transition()
            .duration(200)
            .style('max-height', '200px')
            .style('opacity', '1');

        showing = true;
    }

    function hide(selection) {
        selection = selection || body.transition().duration(200);

        selection
            .style('max-height', '0px')
            .style('opacity', '0');

        showing = false;
    }

    tagReference.button = function(selection) {
        button = selection.selectAll('.tag-reference-button')
            .data([0]);

        button.enter()
            .append('button')
            .attr('class', 'tag-reference-button')
            .attr('tabindex', -1)
            .call(iD.svg.Icon('#icon-inspect'));

        button.on('click', function () {
            d3.event.stopPropagation();
            d3.event.preventDefault();
            if (showing) {
                hide();
            } else if (loaded) {
                done();
            } else {
                if (context.taginfo()) {
                    load(tag);
                }
            }
        });
    };

    tagReference.body = function(selection) {
        body = selection.selectAll('.tag-reference-body')
            .data([0]);

        body.enter().append('div')
            .attr('class', 'tag-reference-body cf')
            .style('max-height', '0')
            .style('opacity', '0');

        if (showing === false) {
            hide(body);
        }
    };

    tagReference.showing = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return showing;
        showing = _;
        return tagReference;
    };

    return tagReference;
};
// toggles the visibility of ui elements, using a combination of the
// hide class, which sets display=none, and a d3 transition for opacity.
// this will cause blinking when called repeatedly, so check that the
// value actually changes between calls.
iD.ui.Toggle = function(show, callback) {
    return function(selection) {
        selection
            .style('opacity', show ? 0 : 1)
            .classed('hide', false)
            .transition()
            .style('opacity', show ? 1 : 0)
            .each('end', function() {
                d3.select(this)
                    .classed('hide', !show)
                    .style('opacity', null);
                if (callback) callback.apply(this);
            });
    };
};
iD.ui.UndoRedo = function(context) {
    var commands = [{
        id: 'undo',
        cmd: iD.ui.cmd('⌘Z'),
        action: function() { if (!(context.inIntro() || saving())) context.undo(); },
        annotation: function() { return context.history().undoAnnotation(); }
    }, {
        id: 'redo',
        cmd: iD.ui.cmd('⌘⇧Z'),
        action: function() {if (!(context.inIntro() || saving())) context.redo(); },
        annotation: function() { return context.history().redoAnnotation(); }
    }];

    function saving() {
        return context.mode().id === 'save';
    }

    return function(selection) {
        var tooltip = bootstrap.tooltip()
            .placement('bottom')
            .html(true)
            .title(function (d) {
                return iD.ui.tooltipHtml(d.annotation() ?
                    t(d.id + '.tooltip', {action: d.annotation()}) :
                    t(d.id + '.nothing'), d.cmd);
            });

        var buttons = selection.selectAll('button')
            .data(commands)
            .enter().append('button')
            .attr('class', 'col6 disabled')
            .on('click', function(d) { return d.action(); })
            .call(tooltip);

        buttons.each(function(d) {
            d3.select(this)
                .call(iD.svg.Icon('#icon-' + d.id));
        });

        var keybinding = d3.keybinding('undo')
            .on(commands[0].cmd, function() { d3.event.preventDefault(); commands[0].action(); })
            .on(commands[1].cmd, function() { d3.event.preventDefault(); commands[1].action(); });

        d3.select(document)
            .call(keybinding);

        context.history()
            .on('change.undo_redo', update);

        context
            .on('enter.undo_redo', update);

        function update() {
            buttons
                .property('disabled', saving())
                .classed('disabled', function(d) { return !d.annotation(); })
                .each(function() {
                    var selection = d3.select(this);
                    if (selection.property('tooltipVisible')) {
                        selection.call(tooltip.show);
                    }
                });
        }
    };
};
iD.ui.ViewOnOSM = function(context) {
    var id;

    function viewOnOSM(selection) {
        var entity = context.entity(id);

        selection.style('display', entity.isNew() ? 'none' : null);

        var $link = selection.selectAll('.view-on-osm')
            .data([0]);

        $link.enter()
            .append('a')
            .attr('class', 'view-on-osm')
            .attr('target', '_blank')
            .call(iD.svg.Icon('#icon-out-link', 'inline'))
            .append('span')
            .text(t('inspector.view_on_osm'));

        $link
            .attr('href', context.connection().entityURL(entity));
    }

    viewOnOSM.entityID = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return id;
        id = _;
        return viewOnOSM;
    };

    return viewOnOSM;
};
iD.ui.Zoom = function(context) {
    var zooms = [{
        id: 'zoom-in',
        icon: 'plus',
        title: t('zoom.in'),
        action: context.zoomIn,
        key: '+'
    }, {
        id: 'zoom-out',
        icon: 'minus',
        title: t('zoom.out'),
        action: context.zoomOut,
        key: '-'
    }];

    function zoomIn() {
        d3.event.preventDefault();
        if (!context.inIntro()) context.zoomIn();
    }

    function zoomOut() {
        d3.event.preventDefault();
        if (!context.inIntro()) context.zoomOut();
    }

    function zoomInFurther() {
        d3.event.preventDefault();
        if (!context.inIntro()) context.zoomInFurther();
    }

    function zoomOutFurther() {
        d3.event.preventDefault();
        if (!context.inIntro()) context.zoomOutFurther();
    }


    return function(selection) {
        var button = selection.selectAll('button')
            .data(zooms)
            .enter().append('button')
            .attr('tabindex', -1)
            .attr('class', function(d) { return d.id; })
            .on('click.editor', function(d) { d.action(); })
            .call(bootstrap.tooltip()
                .placement('left')
                .html(true)
                .title(function(d) {
                    return iD.ui.tooltipHtml(d.title, d.key);
                }));

        button.each(function(d) {
            d3.select(this)
                .call(iD.svg.Icon('#icon-' + d.icon, 'light'));
        });

        var keybinding = d3.keybinding('zoom');

        _.each(['=','ffequals','plus','ffplus'], function(key) {
            keybinding.on(key, zoomIn);
            keybinding.on('⇧' + key, zoomIn);
            keybinding.on(iD.ui.cmd('⌘' + key), zoomInFurther);
            keybinding.on(iD.ui.cmd('⌘⇧' + key), zoomInFurther);
        });
        _.each(['-','ffminus','_','dash'], function(key) {
            keybinding.on(key, zoomOut);
            keybinding.on('⇧' + key, zoomOut);
            keybinding.on(iD.ui.cmd('⌘' + key), zoomOutFurther);
            keybinding.on(iD.ui.cmd('⌘⇧' + key), zoomOutFurther);
        });

        d3.select(document)
            .call(keybinding);
    };
};
iD.ui.preset.access = function(field) {
    var dispatch = d3.dispatch('change'),
        items;

    function access(selection) {
        var wrap = selection.selectAll('.preset-input-wrap')
            .data([0]);

        wrap.enter().append('div')
            .attr('class', 'cf preset-input-wrap')
            .append('ul');

        items = wrap.select('ul').selectAll('li')
            .data(field.keys);

        // Enter

        var enter = items.enter().append('li')
            .attr('class', function(d) { return 'cf preset-access-' + d; });

        enter.append('span')
            .attr('class', 'col6 label preset-label-access')
            .attr('for', function(d) { return 'preset-input-access-' + d; })
            .text(function(d) { return field.t('types.' + d); });

        enter.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'col6 preset-input-access-wrap')
            .append('input')
            .attr('type', 'text')
            .attr('class', 'preset-input-access')
            .attr('id', function(d) { return 'preset-input-access-' + d; })
            .each(function(d) {
                d3.select(this)
                    .call(d3.combobox()
                        .data(access.options(d)));
            });

        // Update

        wrap.selectAll('.preset-input-access')
            .on('change', change)
            .on('blur', change);
    }

    function change(d) {
        var tag = {};
        tag[d] = d3.select(this).value() || undefined;
        dispatch.change(tag);
    }

    access.options = function(type) {
        var options = ['no', 'permissive', 'private', 'destination'];

        if (type !== 'access') {
            options.unshift('yes');
            options.push('designated');

            if (type === 'bicycle') {
                options.push('dismount');
            }
        }

        return options.map(function(option) {
            return {
                title: field.t('options.' + option + '.description'),
                value: option
            };
        });
    };

    var placeholders = {
        footway: {
            foot: 'designated',
            motor_vehicle: 'no'
        },
        steps: {
            foot: 'yes',
            motor_vehicle: 'no',
            bicycle: 'no',
            horse: 'no'
        },
        pedestrian: {
            foot: 'yes',
            motor_vehicle: 'no'
        },
        cycleway: {
            motor_vehicle: 'no',
            bicycle: 'designated'
        },
        bridleway: {
            motor_vehicle: 'no',
            horse: 'designated'
        },
        path: {
            foot: 'yes',
            motor_vehicle: 'no',
            bicycle: 'yes',
            horse: 'yes'
        },
        motorway: {
            foot: 'no',
            motor_vehicle: 'yes',
            bicycle: 'no',
            horse: 'no'
        },
        trunk: {
            motor_vehicle: 'yes'
        },
        primary: {
            foot: 'yes',
            motor_vehicle: 'yes',
            bicycle: 'yes',
            horse: 'yes'
        },
        secondary: {
            foot: 'yes',
            motor_vehicle: 'yes',
            bicycle: 'yes',
            horse: 'yes'
        },
        tertiary: {
            foot: 'yes',
            motor_vehicle: 'yes',
            bicycle: 'yes',
            horse: 'yes'
        },
        residential: {
            foot: 'yes',
            motor_vehicle: 'yes',
            bicycle: 'yes',
            horse: 'yes'
        },
        unclassified: {
            foot: 'yes',
            motor_vehicle: 'yes',
            bicycle: 'yes',
            horse: 'yes'
        },
        service: {
            foot: 'yes',
            motor_vehicle: 'yes',
            bicycle: 'yes',
            horse: 'yes'
        },
        motorway_link: {
            foot: 'no',
            motor_vehicle: 'yes',
            bicycle: 'no',
            horse: 'no'
        },
        trunk_link: {
            motor_vehicle: 'yes'
        },
        primary_link: {
            foot: 'yes',
            motor_vehicle: 'yes',
            bicycle: 'yes',
            horse: 'yes'
        },
        secondary_link: {
            foot: 'yes',
            motor_vehicle: 'yes',
            bicycle: 'yes',
            horse: 'yes'
        },
        tertiary_link: {
            foot: 'yes',
            motor_vehicle: 'yes',
            bicycle: 'yes',
            horse: 'yes'
        }
    };

    access.tags = function(tags) {
        items.selectAll('.preset-input-access')
            .value(function(d) { return tags[d] || ''; })
            .attr('placeholder', function() {
                return tags.access ? tags.access : field.placeholder();
            });

        // items.selectAll('#preset-input-access-access')
        //     .attr('placeholder', 'yes');

        _.forEach(placeholders[tags.highway], function(v, k) {
            items.selectAll('#preset-input-access-' + k)
                .attr('placeholder', function() { return (tags.access || v); });
        });
    };

    access.focus = function() {
        items.selectAll('.preset-input-access')
            .node().focus();
    };

    return d3.rebind(access, dispatch, 'on');
};
iD.ui.preset.address = function(field, context) {
    var dispatch = d3.dispatch('init', 'change'),
        wrap,
        entity,
        isInitialized;

    var widths = {
        housenumber: 1/3,
        street: 2/3,
        city: 2/3,
        state: 1/4,
        postcode: 1/3
    };

    function getStreets() {
        var extent = entity.extent(context.graph()),
            l = extent.center(),
            box = iD.geo.Extent(l).padByMeters(200);

        return context.intersects(box)
            .filter(isAddressable)
            .map(function(d) {
                var loc = context.projection([
                    (extent[0][0] + extent[1][0]) / 2,
                    (extent[0][1] + extent[1][1]) / 2]),
                    choice = iD.geo.chooseEdge(context.childNodes(d), loc, context.projection);
                return {
                    title: d.tags.name,
                    value: d.tags.name,
                    dist: choice.distance
                };
            }).sort(function(a, b) {
                return a.dist - b.dist;
            });

        function isAddressable(d) {
            return d.tags.highway && d.tags.name && d.type === 'way';
        }
    }

    function getCities() {
        var extent = entity.extent(context.graph()),
            l = extent.center(),
            box = iD.geo.Extent(l).padByMeters(200);

        return context.intersects(box)
            .filter(isAddressable)
            .map(function(d) {
                return {
                    title: d.tags['addr:city'] || d.tags.name,
                    value: d.tags['addr:city'] || d.tags.name,
                    dist: iD.geo.sphericalDistance(d.extent(context.graph()).center(), l)
                };
            }).sort(function(a, b) {
                return a.dist - b.dist;
            });

        function isAddressable(d) {
            if (d.tags.name &&
                (d.tags.admin_level === '8' || d.tags.border_type === 'city'))
                return true;

            if (d.tags.place && d.tags.name && (
                    d.tags.place === 'city' ||
                    d.tags.place === 'town' ||
                    d.tags.place === 'village'))
                return true;

            if (d.tags['addr:city']) return true;

            return false;
        }
    }

    function getPostCodes() {
        var extent = entity.extent(context.graph()),
            l = extent.center(),
            box = iD.geo.Extent(l).padByMeters(200);

        return context.intersects(box)
            .filter(isAddressable)
            .map(function(d) {
                return {
                    title: d.tags['addr:postcode'],
                    value: d.tags['addr:postcode'],
                    dist: iD.geo.sphericalDistance(d.extent(context.graph()).center(), l)
                };
            }).sort(function(a, b) {
                return a.dist - b.dist;
            });

        function isAddressable(d) {
            return d.tags['addr:postcode'];
        }
    }

    function address(selection) {
        isInitialized = false;

        wrap = selection.selectAll('.preset-input-wrap')
            .data([0]);

        // Enter

        wrap.enter()
            .append('div')
            .attr('class', 'preset-input-wrap');

        var center = entity.extent(context.graph()).center(),
            addressFormat;

        iD.services.nominatim().countryCode(center, function (err, countryCode) {
            addressFormat = _.find(iD.data.addressFormats, function (a) {
                return a && a.countryCodes && _.includes(a.countryCodes, countryCode);
            }) || _.first(iD.data.addressFormats);

            function row(r) {
                // Normalize widths.
                var total = _.reduce(r, function(sum, field) {
                    return sum + (widths[field] || 0.5);
                }, 0);

                return r.map(function (field) {
                    return {
                        id: field,
                        width: (widths[field] || 0.5) / total
                    };
                });
            }

            wrap.selectAll('div')
                .data(addressFormat.format)
                .enter()
                .append('div')
                .attr('class', 'addr-row')
                .selectAll('input')
                .data(row)
                .enter()
                .append('input')
                .property('type', 'text')
                .attr('placeholder', function (d) { return field.t('placeholders.' + d.id); })
                .attr('class', function (d) { return 'addr-' + d.id; })
                .style('width', function (d) { return d.width * 100 + '%'; });

            // Update

            wrap.selectAll('.addr-street')
                .call(d3.combobox()
                    .fetcher(function(value, callback) {
                        callback(getStreets());
                    }));

            wrap.selectAll('.addr-city')
                .call(d3.combobox()
                    .fetcher(function(value, callback) {
                        callback(getCities());
                    }));

            wrap.selectAll('.addr-postcode')
                .call(d3.combobox()
                    .fetcher(function(value, callback) {
                        callback(getPostCodes());
                    }));

            wrap.selectAll('input')
                .on('blur', change())
                .on('change', change());

            wrap.selectAll('input:not(.combobox-input)')
                .on('input', change(true));

            dispatch.init();
            isInitialized = true;
        });
    }

    function change(onInput) {
        return function() {
            var tags = {};

            wrap.selectAll('input')
                .each(function (field) {
                    tags['addr:' + field.id] = this.value || undefined;
                });

            dispatch.change(tags, onInput);
        };
    }

    function updateTags(tags) {
        wrap.selectAll('input')
            .value(function (field) {
                return tags['addr:' + field.id] || '';
            });
    }

    address.entity = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return entity;
        entity = _;
        return address;
    };

    address.tags = function(tags) {
        if (isInitialized) {
            updateTags(tags);
        } else {
            dispatch.on('init', function () {
                updateTags(tags);
            });
        }
    };

    address.focus = function() {
        var node = wrap.selectAll('input').node();
        if (node) node.focus();
    };

    return d3.rebind(address, dispatch, 'on');
};
iD.ui.preset.check =
iD.ui.preset.defaultcheck = function(field) {
    var dispatch = d3.dispatch('change'),
        options = field.strings && field.strings.options,
        values = [],
        texts = [],
        entity, value, box, text, label;

    if (options) {
        for (var k in options) {
            values.push(k === 'undefined' ? undefined : k);
            texts.push(field.t('options.' + k, { 'default': options[k] }));
        }
    } else {
        values = [undefined, 'yes'];
        texts = [t('inspector.unknown'), t('inspector.check.yes')];
        if (field.type === 'check') {
            values.push('no');
            texts.push(t('inspector.check.no'));
        }
    }

    var check = function(selection) {
        // hack: pretend oneway field is a oneway_yes field
        // where implied oneway tag exists (e.g. `junction=roundabout`) #2220, #1841
        if (field.id === 'oneway') {
            for (var key in entity.tags) {
                if (key in iD.oneWayTags && (entity.tags[key] in iD.oneWayTags[key])) {
                    texts[0] = t('presets.fields.oneway_yes.options.undefined');
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        selection.classed('checkselect', 'true');

        label = selection.selectAll('.preset-input-wrap')
            .data([0]);

        var enter = label.enter().append('label')
            .attr('class', 'preset-input-wrap');

        enter.append('input')
            .property('indeterminate', field.type === 'check')
            .attr('type', 'checkbox')
            .attr('id', 'preset-input-' + field.id);

        enter.append('span')
            .text(texts[0])
            .attr('class', 'value');

        box = label.select('input')
            .on('click', function() {
                var t = {};
                t[field.key] = values[(values.indexOf(value) + 1) % values.length];
                dispatch.change(t);
                d3.event.stopPropagation();
            });

        text = label.select('span.value');
    };

    check.entity = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return entity;
        entity = _;
        return check;
    };

    check.tags = function(tags) {
        value = tags[field.key];
        box.property('indeterminate', field.type === 'check' && !value);
        box.property('checked', value === 'yes');
        text.text(texts[values.indexOf(value)]);
        label.classed('set', !!value);
    };

    check.focus = function() {
        box.node().focus();
    };

    return d3.rebind(check, dispatch, 'on');
};
iD.ui.preset.combo =
iD.ui.preset.typeCombo =
iD.ui.preset.multiCombo = function(field, context) {
    var dispatch = d3.dispatch('change'),
        isMulti = (field.type === 'multiCombo'),
        optstrings = field.strings && field.strings.options,
        optarray = field.options,
        snake_case = (field.snake_case || (field.snake_case === undefined)),
        combobox = d3.combobox().minItems(isMulti ? 1 : 2),
        comboData = [],
        multiData = [],
        container,
        input,
        entity;

    // ensure multiCombo field.key ends with a ':'
    if (isMulti && field.key.match(/:$/) === null) {
        field.key += ':';
    }


    function snake(s) {
        return s.replace(/\s+/g, '_');
    }

    function unsnake(s) {
        return s.replace(/_+/g, ' ');
    }

    function clean(s) {
        return s.split(';')
            .map(function(s) { return s.trim(); })
            .join(';');
    }


    // returns the tag value for a display value
    // (for multiCombo, dval should be the key suffix, not the entire key)
    function tagValue(dval) {
        dval = clean(dval || '');

        if (optstrings) {
            var match = _.find(comboData, function(o) {
                return o.key && clean(o.value) === dval;
            });
            if (match) {
                return match.key;
            }
        }

        if (field.type === 'typeCombo' && !dval) {
            return 'yes';
        }

        return (snake_case ? snake(dval) : dval) || undefined;
    }


    // returns the display value for a tag value
    // (for multiCombo, tval should be the key suffix, not the entire key)
    function displayValue(tval) {
        tval = tval || '';

        if (optstrings) {
            var match = _.find(comboData, function(o) { return o.key === tval && o.value; });
            if (match) {
                return match.value;
            }
        }

        if (field.type === 'typeCombo' && tval.toLowerCase() === 'yes') {
            return '';
        }

        return snake_case ? unsnake(tval) : tval;
    }


    function objectDifference(a, b) {
        return _.reject(a, function(d1) {
            return _.some(b, function(d2) { return d1.value === d2.value; });
        });
    }


    function initCombo(selection, attachTo) {
        if (optstrings) {
            selection.attr('readonly', 'readonly');
            selection.call(combobox, attachTo);
            setStaticValues(setPlaceholder);

        } else if (optarray) {
            selection.call(combobox, attachTo);
            setStaticValues(setPlaceholder);

        } else if (context.taginfo()) {
            selection.call(combobox.fetcher(setTaginfoValues), attachTo);
            setTaginfoValues('', setPlaceholder);
        }
    }


    function setStaticValues(callback) {
        if (!(optstrings || optarray)) return;

        if (optstrings) {
            comboData = Object.keys(optstrings).map(function(k) {
                var v = field.t('options.' + k, { 'default': optstrings[k] });
                return {
                    key: k,
                    value: v,
                    title: v
                };
            });

        } else if (optarray) {
            comboData = optarray.map(function(k) {
                var v = snake_case ? unsnake(k) : k;
                return {
                    key: k,
                    value: v,
                    title: v
                };
            });
        }

        combobox.data(objectDifference(comboData, multiData));
        if (callback) callback(comboData);
    }


    function setTaginfoValues(q, callback) {
        var fn = isMulti ? 'multikeys' : 'values';
        context.taginfo()[fn]({
            debounce: true,
            key: field.key,
            geometry: context.geometry(entity.id),
            query: (isMulti ? field.key : '') + q
        }, function(err, data) {
            if (err) return;
            comboData = _.map(data, 'value').map(function(k) {
                if (isMulti) k = k.replace(field.key, '');
                var v = snake_case ? unsnake(k) : k;
                return {
                    key: k,
                    value: v,
                    title: v
                };
            });
            comboData = objectDifference(comboData, multiData);
            if (callback) callback(comboData);
        });
    }


    function setPlaceholder(d) {
        var ph;
        if (isMulti) {
            ph = field.placeholder() || t('inspector.add');
        } else {
            var vals = _.map(d, 'value').filter(function(s) { return s.length < 20; }),
                placeholders = vals.length > 1 ? vals : _.map(d, 'key');
            ph = field.placeholder() || placeholders.slice(0, 3).join(', ');
        }

        input.attr('placeholder', ph + '…');
    }


    function change() {
        var val = tagValue(input.value()),
            t = {};

        if (isMulti) {
            if (!val) return;
            container.classed('active', false);
            input.value('');
            field.keys.push(field.key + val);
            t[field.key + val] = 'yes';
            window.setTimeout(function() { input.node().focus(); }, 10);

        } else {
            t[field.key] = val;
        }

        dispatch.change(t);
    }


    function removeMultikey(d) {
        d3.event.stopPropagation();
        var t = {};
        t[d.key] = undefined;
        dispatch.change(t);
    }


    function combo(selection) {
        if (isMulti) {
            container = selection.selectAll('ul').data([0]);

            container.enter()
                .append('ul')
                .attr('class', 'form-field-multicombo')
                .on('click', function() {
                    window.setTimeout(function() { input.node().focus(); }, 10);
                });

        } else {
            container = selection;
        }

        input = container.selectAll('input')
            .data([0]);

        input.enter()
            .append('input')
            .attr('type', 'text')
            .attr('id', 'preset-input-' + field.id)
            .call(initCombo, selection);

        input
            .on('change', change)
            .on('blur', change);

        if (isMulti) {
            combobox
                .on('accept', function() {
                    input.node().blur();
                    input.node().focus();
                });

            input
                .on('focus', function() { container.classed('active', true); });
        }
    }


    combo.tags = function(tags) {
        if (isMulti) {
            multiData = [];

            // Build multiData array containing keys already set..
            Object.keys(tags).forEach(function(key) {
                if (key.indexOf(field.key) !== 0 || tags[key].toLowerCase() !== 'yes') return;

                var suffix = key.substring(field.key.length);
                multiData.push({
                    key: key,
                    value: displayValue(suffix)
                });
            });

            // Set keys for form-field modified (needed for undo and reset buttons)..
            field.keys = _.map(multiData, 'key');

            // Exclude existing multikeys from combo options..
            var available = objectDifference(comboData, multiData);
            combobox.data(available);

            // Hide "Add" button if this field uses fixed set of
            // translateable optstrings and they're all currently used..
            container.selectAll('.combobox-input, .combobox-caret')
                .classed('hide', optstrings && !available.length);


            // Render chips
            var chips = container.selectAll('.chips').data(multiData);

            var enter = chips.enter()
                .insert('li', 'input')
                .attr('class', 'chips');

            enter.append('span');
            enter.append('a');

            chips.select('span')
                .text(function(d) { return d.value; });

            chips.select('a')
                .on('click', removeMultikey)
                .attr('class', 'remove')
                .text('×');

            chips.exit()
                .remove();

        } else {
            input.value(displayValue(tags[field.key]));
        }
    };


    combo.focus = function() {
        input.node().focus();
    };


    combo.entity = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return entity;
        entity = _;
        return combo;
    };


    return d3.rebind(combo, dispatch, 'on');
};
iD.ui.preset.cycleway = function(field) {
    var dispatch = d3.dispatch('change'),
        items;

    function cycleway(selection) {
        var wrap = selection.selectAll('.preset-input-wrap')
            .data([0]);

        wrap.enter().append('div')
            .attr('class', 'cf preset-input-wrap')
            .append('ul');

        items = wrap.select('ul').selectAll('li')
            .data(field.keys);

        // Enter

        var enter = items.enter().append('li')
            .attr('class', function(d) { return 'cf preset-cycleway-' + d; });

        enter.append('span')
            .attr('class', 'col6 label preset-label-cycleway')
            .attr('for', function(d) { return 'preset-input-cycleway-' + d; })
            .text(function(d) { return field.t('types.' + d); });

        enter.append('div')
            .attr('class', 'col6 preset-input-cycleway-wrap')
            .append('input')
            .attr('type', 'text')
            .attr('class', 'preset-input-cycleway')
            .attr('id', function(d) { return 'preset-input-cycleway-' + d; })
            .each(function(d) {
                d3.select(this)
                    .call(d3.combobox()
                        .data(cycleway.options(d)));
            });

        // Update

        wrap.selectAll('.preset-input-cycleway')
            .on('change', change)
            .on('blur', change);
    }

    function change() {
        var inputs = d3.selectAll('.preset-input-cycleway')[0],
            left = d3.select(inputs[0]).value(),
            right = d3.select(inputs[1]).value(),
            tag = {};
        if (left === 'none' || left === '') { left = undefined; }
        if (right === 'none' || right === '') { right = undefined; }

        // Always set both left and right as changing one can affect the other
        tag = {
            cycleway: undefined,
            'cycleway:left': left,
            'cycleway:right': right
        };

        // If the left and right tags match, use the cycleway tag to tag both
        // sides the same way
        if (left === right) {
            tag = {
                cycleway: left,
                'cycleway:left': undefined,
                'cycleway:right': undefined
            };
        }

        dispatch.change(tag);
    }

    cycleway.options = function() {
        return d3.keys(field.strings.options).map(function(option) {
            return {
                title: field.t('options.' + option + '.description'),
                value: option
            };
        });
    };

    cycleway.tags = function(tags) {
        items.selectAll('.preset-input-cycleway')
            .value(function(d) {
                // If cycleway is set, always return that
                if (tags.cycleway) {
                    return tags.cycleway;
                }
                return tags[d] || '';
            })
            .attr('placeholder', field.placeholder());
    };

    cycleway.focus = function() {
        items.selectAll('.preset-input-cycleway')
            .node().focus();
    };

    return d3.rebind(cycleway, dispatch, 'on');
};
iD.ui.preset.text =
iD.ui.preset.number =
iD.ui.preset.tel =
iD.ui.preset.email =
iD.ui.preset.url = function(field, context) {

    var dispatch = d3.dispatch('change'),
        input,
        entity;

    function i(selection) {
        var fieldId = 'preset-input-' + field.id;

        input = selection.selectAll('input')
            .data([0]);

        input.enter().append('input')
            .attr('type', field.type)
            .attr('id', fieldId)
            .attr('placeholder', field.placeholder() || t('inspector.unknown'));

        input
            .on('input', change(true))
            .on('blur', change())
            .on('change', change());

        if (field.type === 'tel') {
            var center = entity.extent(context.graph()).center();
            iD.services.nominatim().countryCode(center, function (err, countryCode) {
                if (err || !iD.data.phoneFormats[countryCode]) return;
                selection.selectAll('#' + fieldId)
                    .attr('placeholder', iD.data.phoneFormats[countryCode]);
            });

        } else if (field.type === 'number') {
            input.attr('type', 'text');

            var spinControl = selection.selectAll('.spin-control')
                .data([0]);

            var enter = spinControl.enter().append('div')
                .attr('class', 'spin-control');

            enter.append('button')
                .datum(1)
                .attr('class', 'increment')
                .attr('tabindex', -1);

            enter.append('button')
                .datum(-1)
                .attr('class', 'decrement')
                .attr('tabindex', -1);

            spinControl.selectAll('button')
                .on('click', function(d) {
                    d3.event.preventDefault();
                    var num = parseInt(input.node().value || 0, 10);
                    if (!isNaN(num)) input.node().value = num + d;
                    change()();
                });
        }
    }

    function change(onInput) {
        return function() {
            var t = {};
            t[field.key] = input.value() || undefined;
            dispatch.change(t, onInput);
        };
    }

    i.entity = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return entity;
        entity = _;
        return i;
    };

    i.tags = function(tags) {
        input.value(tags[field.key] || '');
    };

    i.focus = function() {
        var node = input.node();
        if (node) node.focus();
    };

    return d3.rebind(i, dispatch, 'on');
};
iD.ui.preset.localized = function(field, context) {
    var dispatch = d3.dispatch('change', 'input'),
        wikipedia = iD.services.wikipedia(),
        input, localizedInputs, wikiTitles,
        entity;

    function localized(selection) {
        input = selection.selectAll('.localized-main')
            .data([0]);

        input.enter().append('input')
            .attr('type', 'text')
            .attr('id', 'preset-input-' + field.id)
            .attr('class', 'localized-main')
            .attr('placeholder', field.placeholder());

        if (field.id === 'name') {
            var preset = context.presets().match(entity, context.graph());
            input.call(d3.combobox().fetcher(
                iD.util.SuggestNames(preset, iD.data.suggestions)
            ));
        }

        input
            .on('input', change(true))
            .on('blur', change())
            .on('change', change());

        var translateButton = selection.selectAll('.localized-add')
            .data([0]);

        translateButton.enter()
            .append('button')
            .attr('class', 'button-input-action localized-add minor')
            .attr('tabindex', -1)
            .call(iD.svg.Icon('#icon-plus'))
            .call(bootstrap.tooltip()
                .title(t('translate.translate'))
                .placement('left'));

        translateButton
            .on('click', addNew);

        localizedInputs = selection.selectAll('.localized-wrap')
            .data([0]);

        localizedInputs.enter().append('div')
            .attr('class', 'localized-wrap');
    }

    function addNew() {
        d3.event.preventDefault();
        var data = localizedInputs.selectAll('div.entry').data();
        var defaultLang = iD.detect().locale.toLowerCase().split('-')[0];
        var langExists = _.find(data, function(datum) { return datum.lang === defaultLang;});
        var isLangEn = defaultLang.indexOf('en') > -1;
        if (isLangEn || langExists) {
          defaultLang = '';
        }
        data.push({ lang: defaultLang, value: '' });
        localizedInputs.call(render, data);
    }

    function change(onInput) {
        return function() {
            var t = {};
            t[field.key] = d3.select(this).value() || undefined;
            dispatch.change(t, onInput);
        };
    }

    function key(lang) { return field.key + ':' + lang; }

    function changeLang(d) {
        var lang = d3.select(this).value(),
            t = {},
            language = _.find(iD.data.wikipedia, function(d) {
                return d[0].toLowerCase() === lang.toLowerCase() ||
                    d[1].toLowerCase() === lang.toLowerCase();
            });

        if (language) lang = language[2];

        if (d.lang && d.lang !== lang) {
            t[key(d.lang)] = undefined;
        }

        var value = d3.select(this.parentNode)
            .selectAll('.localized-value')
            .value();

        if (lang && value) {
            t[key(lang)] = value;
        } else if (lang && wikiTitles && wikiTitles[d.lang]) {
            t[key(lang)] = wikiTitles[d.lang];
        }

        d.lang = lang;
        dispatch.change(t);
    }

    function changeValue(d) {
        if (!d.lang) return;
        var t = {};
        t[key(d.lang)] = d3.select(this).value() || undefined;
        dispatch.change(t);
    }

    function fetcher(value, cb) {
        var v = value.toLowerCase();

        cb(iD.data.wikipedia.filter(function(d) {
            return d[0].toLowerCase().indexOf(v) >= 0 ||
            d[1].toLowerCase().indexOf(v) >= 0 ||
            d[2].toLowerCase().indexOf(v) >= 0;
        }).map(function(d) {
            return { value: d[1] };
        }));
    }

    function render(selection, data) {
        var wraps = selection.selectAll('div.entry').
            data(data, function(d) { return d.lang; });

        var innerWrap = wraps.enter()
            .insert('div', ':first-child');

        innerWrap.attr('class', 'entry')
            .each(function() {
                var wrap = d3.select(this);
                var langcombo = d3.combobox().fetcher(fetcher).minItems(0);

                var label = wrap.append('label')
                    .attr('class','form-label')
                    .text(t('translate.localized_translation_label'))
                    .attr('for','localized-lang');

                label.append('button')
                    .attr('class', 'minor remove')
                    .on('click', function(d){
                        d3.event.preventDefault();
                        var t = {};
                        t[key(d.lang)] = undefined;
                        dispatch.change(t);
                        d3.select(this.parentNode.parentNode)
                            .style('top','0')
                            .style('max-height','240px')
                            .transition()
                            .style('opacity', '0')
                            .style('max-height','0px')
                            .remove();
                    })
                    .call(iD.svg.Icon('#operation-delete'));

                wrap.append('input')
                    .attr('class', 'localized-lang')
                    .attr('type', 'text')
                    .attr('placeholder',t('translate.localized_translation_language'))
                    .on('blur', changeLang)
                    .on('change', changeLang)
                    .call(langcombo);

                wrap.append('input')
                    .on('blur', changeValue)
                    .on('change', changeValue)
                    .attr('type', 'text')
                    .attr('placeholder', t('translate.localized_translation_name'))
                    .attr('class', 'localized-value');
            });

        innerWrap
            .style('margin-top', '0px')
            .style('max-height', '0px')
            .style('opacity', '0')
            .transition()
            .duration(200)
            .style('margin-top', '10px')
            .style('max-height', '240px')
            .style('opacity', '1')
            .each('end', function() {
                d3.select(this)
                    .style('max-height', '')
                    .style('overflow', 'visible');
            });

        wraps.exit()
            .transition()
            .duration(200)
            .style('max-height','0px')
            .style('opacity', '0')
            .style('top','-10px')
            .remove();

        var entry = selection.selectAll('.entry');

        entry.select('.localized-lang')
            .value(function(d) {
                var lang = _.find(iD.data.wikipedia, function(lang) { return lang[2] === d.lang; });
                return lang ? lang[1] : d.lang;
            });

        entry.select('.localized-value')
            .value(function(d) { return d.value; });
    }

    localized.tags = function(tags) {
        // Fetch translations from wikipedia
        if (tags.wikipedia && !wikiTitles) {
            wikiTitles = {};
            var wm = tags.wikipedia.match(/([^:]+):(.+)/);
            if (wm && wm[0] && wm[1]) {
                wikipedia.translations(wm[1], wm[2], function(d) {
                    wikiTitles = d;
                });
            }
        }

        input.value(tags[field.key] || '');

        var postfixed = [], k, m;
        for (k in tags) {
            m = k.match(/^(.*):([a-zA-Z_-]+)$/);
            if (m && m[1] === field.key && m[2]) {
                postfixed.push({ lang: m[2], value: tags[k] });
            }
        }

        localizedInputs.call(render, postfixed.reverse());
    };

    localized.focus = function() {
        input.node().focus();
    };

    localized.entity = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return entity;
        entity = _;
        return localized;
    };

    return d3.rebind(localized, dispatch, 'on');
};
iD.ui.preset.maxspeed = function(field, context) {
    var dispatch = d3.dispatch('change'),
        entity,
        imperial,
        unitInput,
        combobox,
        input;

    var metricValues = [20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120],
        imperialValues = [20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 65, 70];

    function maxspeed(selection) {
        combobox = d3.combobox();
        var unitCombobox = d3.combobox().data(['km/h', 'mph'].map(comboValues));

        input = selection.selectAll('#preset-input-' + field.id)
            .data([0]);

        input.enter().append('input')
            .attr('type', 'text')
            .attr('id', 'preset-input-' + field.id)
            .attr('placeholder', field.placeholder());

        input
            .call(combobox)
            .on('change', change)
            .on('blur', change);

        var childNodes = context.graph().childNodes(context.entity(entity.id)),
            loc = childNodes[~~(childNodes.length/2)].loc;

        imperial = _.some(iD.data.imperial.features, function(f) {
            return _.some(f.geometry.coordinates, function(d) {
                return iD.geo.pointInPolygon(loc, d[0]);
            });
        });

        unitInput = selection.selectAll('input.maxspeed-unit')
            .data([0]);

        unitInput.enter().append('input')
            .attr('type', 'text')
            .attr('class', 'maxspeed-unit');

        unitInput
            .on('blur', changeUnits)
            .on('change', changeUnits)
            .call(unitCombobox);

        function changeUnits() {
            imperial = unitInput.value() === 'mph';
            unitInput.value(imperial ? 'mph' : 'km/h');
            setSuggestions();
            change();
        }

    }

    function setSuggestions() {
        combobox.data((imperial ? imperialValues : metricValues).map(comboValues));
        unitInput.value(imperial ? 'mph' : 'km/h');
    }

    function comboValues(d) {
        return {
            value: d.toString(),
            title: d.toString()
        };
    }

    function change() {
        var tag = {},
            value = input.value();

        if (!value) {
            tag[field.key] = undefined;
        } else if (isNaN(value) || !imperial) {
            tag[field.key] = value;
        } else {
            tag[field.key] = value + ' mph';
        }

        dispatch.change(tag);
    }

    maxspeed.tags = function(tags) {
        var value = tags[field.key];

        if (value && value.indexOf('mph') >= 0) {
            value = parseInt(value, 10);
            imperial = true;
        } else if (value) {
            imperial = false;
        }

        setSuggestions();

        input.value(value || '');
    };

    maxspeed.focus = function() {
        input.node().focus();
    };

    maxspeed.entity = function(_) {
        entity = _;
    };

    return d3.rebind(maxspeed, dispatch, 'on');
};
iD.ui.preset.radio = function(field) {
    var dispatch = d3.dispatch('change'),
        labels, radios, placeholder;

    function radio(selection) {
        selection.classed('preset-radio', true);

        var wrap = selection.selectAll('.preset-input-wrap')
            .data([0]);

        var buttonWrap = wrap.enter().append('div')
            .attr('class', 'preset-input-wrap toggle-list');

        buttonWrap.append('span')
            .attr('class', 'placeholder');

        placeholder = selection.selectAll('.placeholder');

        labels = wrap.selectAll('label')
            .data(field.options || field.keys);

        var enter = labels.enter().append('label');

        enter.append('input')
            .attr('type', 'radio')
            .attr('name', field.id)
            .attr('value', function(d) { return field.t('options.' + d, { 'default': d }); })
            .attr('checked', false);

        enter.append('span')
            .text(function(d) { return field.t('options.' + d, { 'default': d }); });

        radios = labels.selectAll('input')
            .on('change', change);
    }

    function change() {
        var t = {};
        if (field.key) t[field.key] = undefined;
        radios.each(function(d) {
            var active = d3.select(this).property('checked');
            if (field.key) {
                if (active) t[field.key] = d;
            } else {
                t[d] = active ? 'yes' : undefined;
            }
        });
        dispatch.change(t);
    }

    radio.tags = function(tags) {
        function checked(d) {
            if (field.key) {
                return tags[field.key] === d;
            } else {
                return !!(tags[d] && tags[d] !== 'no');
            }
        }

        labels.classed('active', checked);
        radios.property('checked', checked);
        var selection = radios.filter(function() { return this.checked; });
        if (selection.empty()) {
            placeholder.text(t('inspector.none'));
        } else {
            placeholder.text(selection.attr('value'));
        }
    };

    radio.focus = function() {
        radios.node().focus();
    };

    return d3.rebind(radio, dispatch, 'on');
};
iD.ui.preset.restrictions = function(field, context) {
    var dispatch = d3.dispatch('change'),
        hover = iD.behavior.Hover(context),
        vertexID,
        fromNodeID;


    function restrictions(selection) {
        // if form field is hidden or has detached from dom, clean up.
        if (!d3.select('.inspector-wrap.inspector-hidden').empty() || !selection.node().parentNode) {
            selection.call(restrictions.off);
            return;
        }

        var wrap = selection.selectAll('.preset-input-wrap')
            .data([0]);

        var enter = wrap.enter()
            .append('div')
            .attr('class', 'preset-input-wrap');

        enter
            .append('div')
            .attr('class', 'restriction-help');


        var intersection = iD.geo.Intersection(context.graph(), vertexID),
            graph = intersection.graph,
            vertex = graph.entity(vertexID),
            filter = d3.functor(true),
            extent = iD.geo.Extent(),
            projection = iD.geo.RawMercator();

        var d = wrap.dimensions(),
            c = [d[0] / 2, d[1] / 2],
            z = 24;

        projection
            .scale(256 * Math.pow(2, z) / (2 * Math.PI));

        var s = projection(vertex.loc);

        projection
            .translate([c[0] - s[0], c[1] - s[1]])
            .clipExtent([[0, 0], d]);

        var drawLayers = iD.svg.Layers(projection, context).only('osm').dimensions(d),
            drawVertices = iD.svg.Vertices(projection, context),
            drawLines = iD.svg.Lines(projection, context),
            drawTurns = iD.svg.Turns(projection, context);

        enter
            .call(drawLayers)
            .selectAll('.surface')
            .call(hover);


        var surface = wrap.selectAll('.surface');

        surface
            .dimensions(d)
            .call(drawVertices, graph, [vertex], filter, extent, z)
            .call(drawLines, graph, intersection.ways, filter)
            .call(drawTurns, graph, intersection.turns(fromNodeID));

        surface
            .on('click.restrictions', click)
            .on('mouseover.restrictions', mouseover)
            .on('mouseout.restrictions', mouseout);

        surface
            .selectAll('.selected')
            .classed('selected', false);

        if (fromNodeID) {
            surface
                .selectAll('.' + intersection.highways[fromNodeID].id)
                .classed('selected', true);
        }

        mouseout();

        context.history()
            .on('change.restrictions', render);

        d3.select(window)
            .on('resize.restrictions', function() {
                wrap.dimensions(null);
                render();
            });

        function click() {
            var datum = d3.event.target.__data__;
            if (datum instanceof iD.Entity) {
                fromNodeID = intersection.adjacentNodeId(datum.id);
                render();
            } else if (datum instanceof iD.geo.Turn) {
                if (datum.restriction) {
                    context.perform(
                        iD.actions.UnrestrictTurn(datum, projection),
                        t('operations.restriction.annotation.delete'));
                } else {
                    context.perform(
                        iD.actions.RestrictTurn(datum, projection),
                        t('operations.restriction.annotation.create'));
                }
            }
        }

        function mouseover() {
            var datum = d3.event.target.__data__;
            if (datum instanceof iD.geo.Turn) {
                var graph = context.graph(),
                    presets = context.presets(),
                    preset;

                if (datum.restriction) {
                    preset = presets.match(graph.entity(datum.restriction), graph);
                } else {
                    preset = presets.item('type/restriction/' +
                        iD.geo.inferRestriction(
                            graph,
                            datum.from,
                            datum.via,
                            datum.to,
                            projection));
                }

                wrap.selectAll('.restriction-help')
                    .text(t('operations.restriction.help.' +
                        (datum.restriction ? 'toggle_off' : 'toggle_on'),
                        {restriction: preset.name()}));
            }
        }

        function mouseout() {
            wrap.selectAll('.restriction-help')
                .text(t('operations.restriction.help.' +
                    (fromNodeID ? 'toggle' : 'select')));
        }

        function render() {
            if (context.hasEntity(vertexID)) {
                restrictions(selection);
            }
        }
    }

    restrictions.entity = function(_) {
        if (!vertexID || vertexID !== _.id) {
            fromNodeID = null;
            vertexID = _.id;
        }
    };

    restrictions.tags = function() {};
    restrictions.focus = function() {};

    restrictions.off = function(selection) {
        selection.selectAll('.surface')
            .call(hover.off)
            .on('click.restrictions', null)
            .on('mouseover.restrictions', null)
            .on('mouseout.restrictions', null);

        context.history()
            .on('change.restrictions', null);

        d3.select(window)
            .on('resize.restrictions', null);
    };

    return d3.rebind(restrictions, dispatch, 'on');
};
iD.ui.preset.textarea = function(field) {
    var dispatch = d3.dispatch('change'),
        input;

    function textarea(selection) {
        input = selection.selectAll('textarea')
            .data([0]);

        input.enter().append('textarea')
            .attr('id', 'preset-input-' + field.id)
            .attr('placeholder', field.placeholder() || t('inspector.unknown'))
            .attr('maxlength', 255);

        input
            .on('input', change(true))
            .on('blur', change())
            .on('change', change());
    }

    function change(onInput) {
        return function() {
            var t = {};
            t[field.key] = input.value() || undefined;
            dispatch.change(t, onInput);
        };
    }

    textarea.tags = function(tags) {
        input.value(tags[field.key] || '');
    };

    textarea.focus = function() {
        input.node().focus();
    };

    return d3.rebind(textarea, dispatch, 'on');
};
iD.ui.preset.wikipedia = function(field, context) {
    var dispatch = d3.dispatch('change'),
        wikipedia = iD.services.wikipedia(),
        wikidata = iD.services.wikidata(),
        link, entity, lang, title;

    function wiki(selection) {
        var langcombo = d3.combobox()
            .fetcher(function(value, cb) {
                var v = value.toLowerCase();

                cb(iD.data.wikipedia.filter(function(d) {
                    return d[0].toLowerCase().indexOf(v) >= 0 ||
                        d[1].toLowerCase().indexOf(v) >= 0 ||
                        d[2].toLowerCase().indexOf(v) >= 0;
                }).map(function(d) {
                    return { value: d[1] };
                }));
            });

        var titlecombo = d3.combobox()
            .fetcher(function(value, cb) {

                if (!value) value = context.entity(entity.id).tags.name || '';
                var searchfn = value.length > 7 ? wikipedia.search : wikipedia.suggestions;

                searchfn(language()[2], value, function(query, data) {
                    cb(data.map(function(d) {
                        return { value: d };
                    }));
                });
            });

        lang = selection.selectAll('input.wiki-lang')
            .data([0]);

        lang.enter().append('input')
            .attr('type', 'text')
            .attr('class', 'wiki-lang')
            .attr('placeholder', t('translate.localized_translation_language'))
            .value('English');

        lang
            .call(langcombo)
            .on('blur', changeLang)
            .on('change', changeLang);

        title = selection.selectAll('input.wiki-title')
            .data([0]);

        title.enter().append('input')
            .attr('type', 'text')
            .attr('class', 'wiki-title')
            .attr('id', 'preset-input-' + field.id);

        title
            .call(titlecombo)
            .on('blur', blur)
            .on('change', change);

        link = selection.selectAll('a.wiki-link')
            .data([0]);

        link.enter().append('a')
            .attr('class', 'wiki-link button-input-action minor')
            .attr('tabindex', -1)
            .attr('target', '_blank')
            .call(iD.svg.Icon('#icon-out-link', 'inline'));
    }

    function language() {
        var value = lang.value().toLowerCase();
        var locale = iD.detect().locale.toLowerCase();
        var localeLanguage;
        return _.find(iD.data.wikipedia, function(d) {
            if (d[2] === locale) localeLanguage = d;
            return d[0].toLowerCase() === value ||
                d[1].toLowerCase() === value ||
                d[2] === value;
        }) || localeLanguage || ['English', 'English', 'en'];
    }

    function changeLang() {
        lang.value(language()[1]);
        change(true);
    }

    function blur() {
        change(true);
    }

    function change(skipWikidata) {
        var value = title.value(),
            m = value.match(/https?:\/\/([-a-z]+)\.wikipedia\.org\/(?:wiki|\1-[-a-z]+)\/([^#]+)(?:#(.+))?/),
            l = m && _.find(iD.data.wikipedia, function(d) { return m[1] === d[2]; }),
            anchor,
            syncTags = {};

        if (l) {
            // Normalize title http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/API:Query#Title_normalization
            value = decodeURIComponent(m[2]).replace(/_/g, ' ');
            if (m[3]) {
                try {
                    // Best-effort `anchordecode:` implementation
                    anchor = decodeURIComponent(m[3].replace(/\.([0-9A-F]{2})/g, '%$1'));
                } catch (e) {
                    anchor = decodeURIComponent(m[3]);
                }
                value += '#' + anchor.replace(/_/g, ' ');
            }
            value = value.slice(0, 1).toUpperCase() + value.slice(1);
            lang.value(l[1]);
            title.value(value);
        }

        syncTags.wikipedia = value ? language()[2] + ':' + value : undefined;
        if (!skipWikidata) {
            syncTags.wikidata = undefined;
        }

        dispatch.change(syncTags);


        if (skipWikidata || !value || !language()[2]) return;

        // attempt asynchronous update of wikidata tag..
        var initEntityId = entity.id,
            initWikipedia = context.entity(initEntityId).tags.wikipedia;

        wikidata.itemsByTitle(language()[2], value, function (title, data) {
            // 1. most recent change was a tag change
            var annotation = t('operations.change_tags.annotation'),
                currAnnotation = context.history().undoAnnotation();
            if (currAnnotation !== annotation) return;

            // 2. same entity exists and still selected
            var selectedIds = context.selectedIDs(),
                currEntityId = selectedIds.length > 0 && selectedIds[0];
            if (currEntityId !== initEntityId) return;

            // 3. wikipedia value has not changed
            var currTags = _.clone(context.entity(currEntityId).tags),
                qids = data && Object.keys(data);
            if (initWikipedia !== currTags.wikipedia) return;

            // ok to coalesce the update of wikidata tag into the previous tag change
            currTags.wikidata = qids && _.find(qids, function (id) {
                return id.match(/^Q\d+$/);
            });

            context.overwrite(iD.actions.ChangeTags(currEntityId, currTags), annotation);
            dispatch.change(currTags);
        });
    }

    wiki.tags = function(tags) {
        var value = tags[field.key] || '',
            m = value.match(/([^:]+):([^#]+)(?:#(.+))?/),
            l = m && _.find(iD.data.wikipedia, function(d) { return m[1] === d[2]; }),
            anchor = m && m[3];

        // value in correct format
        if (l) {
            lang.value(l[1]);
            title.value(m[2] + (anchor ? ('#' + anchor) : ''));
            if (anchor) {
                try {
                    // Best-effort `anchorencode:` implementation
                    anchor = encodeURIComponent(anchor.replace(/ /g, '_')).replace(/%/g, '.');
                } catch (e) {
                    anchor = anchor.replace(/ /g, '_');
                }
            }
            link.attr('href', 'https://' + m[1] + '.wikipedia.org/wiki/' +
                m[2].replace(/ /g, '_') + (anchor ? ('#' + anchor) : ''));

        // unrecognized value format
        } else {
            title.value(value);
            if (value && value !== '') {
                lang.value('');
            }
            link.attr('href', 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search?search=' + value);
        }
    };

    wiki.entity = function(_) {
        if (!arguments.length) return entity;
        entity = _;
        return wiki;
    };

    wiki.focus = function() {
        title.node().focus();
    };

    return d3.rebind(wiki, dispatch, 'on');
};
iD.ui.intro.area = function(context, reveal) {
    var event = d3.dispatch('done'),
        timeout;

    var step = {
        title: 'intro.areas.title'
    };

    step.enter = function() {
        var playground = [-85.63552, 41.94159],
            corner = [-85.63565411045074, 41.9417715536927];
        context.map().centerZoom(playground, 19);
        reveal('button.add-area',
            t('intro.areas.add', { button: iD.ui.intro.icon('#icon-area', 'pre-text') }),
            { tooltipClass: 'intro-areas-add' });

        context.on('enter.intro', addArea);

        function addArea(mode) {
            if (mode.id !== 'add-area') return;
            context.on('enter.intro', drawArea);

            var padding = 120 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 19);
            var pointBox = iD.ui.intro.pad(corner, padding, context);
            reveal(pointBox, t('intro.areas.corner'));

            context.map().on('move.intro', function() {
                padding = 120 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 19);
                pointBox = iD.ui.intro.pad(corner, padding, context);
                reveal(pointBox, t('intro.areas.corner'), {duration: 0});
            });
        }

        function drawArea(mode) {
            if (mode.id !== 'draw-area') return;
            context.on('enter.intro', enterSelect);

            var padding = 150 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 19);
            var pointBox = iD.ui.intro.pad(playground, padding, context);
            reveal(pointBox, t('intro.areas.place'));

            context.map().on('move.intro', function() {
                padding = 150 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 19);
                pointBox = iD.ui.intro.pad(playground, padding, context);
                reveal(pointBox, t('intro.areas.place'), {duration: 0});
            });
        }

        function enterSelect(mode) {
            if (mode.id !== 'select') return;
            context.map().on('move.intro', null);
            context.on('enter.intro', null);

            timeout = setTimeout(function() {
                reveal('.preset-search-input',
                    t('intro.areas.search',
                    { name: context.presets().item('leisure/playground').name() }));
                d3.select('.preset-search-input').on('keyup.intro', keySearch);
            }, 500);
        }

        function keySearch() {
            var first = d3.select('.preset-list-item:first-child');
            if (first.classed('preset-leisure-playground')) {
                reveal(first.select('.preset-list-button').node(), t('intro.areas.choose'));
                d3.selection.prototype.one.call(context.history(), 'change.intro', selectedPreset);
                d3.select('.preset-search-input').on('keyup.intro', null);
            }
        }

        function selectedPreset() {
            reveal('.pane',
                t('intro.areas.describe', { button: iD.ui.intro.icon('#icon-apply', 'pre-text') }));
            context.on('exit.intro', event.done);
        }
    };

    step.exit = function() {
        window.clearTimeout(timeout);
        context.on('enter.intro', null);
        context.on('exit.intro', null);
        context.history().on('change.intro', null);
        context.map().on('move.intro', null);
        d3.select('.preset-search-input').on('keyup.intro', null);
    };

    return d3.rebind(step, event, 'on');
};
iD.ui.intro.line = function(context, reveal) {
    var event = d3.dispatch('done'),
        timeouts = [];

    var step = {
        title: 'intro.lines.title'
    };

    function timeout(f, t) {
        timeouts.push(window.setTimeout(f, t));
    }

    function eventCancel() {
        d3.event.stopPropagation();
        d3.event.preventDefault();
    }

    step.enter = function() {
        var centroid = [-85.62830, 41.95699];
        var midpoint = [-85.62975395449628, 41.95787501510204];
        var start = [-85.6297754121684, 41.95805253325314];
        var intersection = [-85.62974496187628, 41.95742515554585];

        context.map().centerZoom(start, 18);
        reveal('button.add-line',
            t('intro.lines.add', { button: iD.ui.intro.icon('#icon-line', 'pre-text') }),
            { tooltipClass: 'intro-lines-add' });

        context.on('enter.intro', addLine);

        function addLine(mode) {
            if (mode.id !== 'add-line') return;
            context.on('enter.intro', drawLine);

            var padding = 150 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 18);
            var pointBox = iD.ui.intro.pad(start, padding, context);
            reveal(pointBox, t('intro.lines.start'));

            context.map().on('move.intro', function() {
                padding = 150 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 18);
                pointBox = iD.ui.intro.pad(start, padding, context);
                reveal(pointBox, t('intro.lines.start'), {duration: 0});
            });
        }

        function drawLine(mode) {
            if (mode.id !== 'draw-line') return;
            context.history().on('change.intro', addIntersection);
            context.on('enter.intro', retry);

            var padding = 300 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 19);
            var pointBox = iD.ui.intro.pad(midpoint, padding, context);
            reveal(pointBox, t('intro.lines.intersect', {name: t('intro.graph.flower_st')}));

            context.map().on('move.intro', function() {
                padding = 300 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 19);
                pointBox = iD.ui.intro.pad(midpoint, padding, context);
                reveal(pointBox, t('intro.lines.intersect', {name: t('intro.graph.flower_st')}), {duration: 0});
            });
        }

        // ended line before creating intersection
        function retry(mode) {
            if (mode.id !== 'select') return;
            var pointBox = iD.ui.intro.pad(intersection, 30, context),
                ids = mode.selectedIDs();
            reveal(pointBox, t('intro.lines.restart', {name: t('intro.graph.flower_st')}));
            d3.select(window).on('mousedown.intro', eventCancel, true);

            timeout(function() {
                context.replace(iD.actions.DeleteMultiple(ids));
                step.exit();
                step.enter();
            }, 3000);
        }

        function addIntersection(changes) {
            if ( _.some(changes.created(), function(d) {
                return d.type === 'node' && context.graph().parentWays(d).length > 1;
            })) {
                context.history().on('change.intro', null);
                context.on('enter.intro', enterSelect);

                var padding = 900 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 19);
                var pointBox = iD.ui.intro.pad(centroid, padding, context);
                reveal(pointBox, t('intro.lines.finish'));

                context.map().on('move.intro', function() {
                    padding = 900 * Math.pow(2, context.map().zoom() - 19);
                    pointBox = iD.ui.intro.pad(centroid, padding, context);
                    reveal(pointBox, t('intro.lines.finish'), {duration: 0});
                });
            }
        }

        function enterSelect(mode) {
            if (mode.id !== 'select') return;
            context.map().on('move.intro', null);
            context.on('enter.intro', null);
            d3.select('#curtain').style('pointer-events', 'all');

            presetCategory();
        }

        function presetCategory() {
            timeout(function() {
                d3.select('#curtain').style('pointer-events', 'none');
                var road = d3.select('.preset-category-road .preset-list-button');
                reveal(road.node(), t('intro.lines.road'));
                road.one('click.intro', roadCategory);
            }, 500);
        }

        function roadCategory() {
            timeout(function() {
                var grid = d3.select('.subgrid');
                reveal(grid.node(), t('intro.lines.residential'));
                grid.selectAll(':not(.preset-highway-residential) .preset-list-button')
                    .one('click.intro', retryPreset);
                grid.selectAll('.preset-highway-residential .preset-list-button')
                    .one('click.intro', roadDetails);
            }, 500);
        }

        // selected wrong road type
        function retryPreset() {
            timeout(function() {
                var preset = d3.select('.entity-editor-pane .preset-list-button');
                reveal(preset.node(), t('intro.lines.wrong_preset'));
                preset.one('click.intro', presetCategory);
            }, 500);
        }

        function roadDetails() {
            reveal('.pane',
                t('intro.lines.describe', { button: iD.ui.intro.icon('#icon-apply', 'pre-text') }));
            context.on('exit.intro', event.done);
        }

    };

    step.exit = function() {
        d3.select(window).on('mousedown.intro', null, true);
        d3.select('#curtain').style('pointer-events', 'none');
        timeouts.forEach(window.clearTimeout);
        context.on('enter.intro', null);
        context.on('exit.intro', null);
        context.map().on('move.intro', null);
        context.history().on('change.intro', null);
    };

    return d3.rebind(step, event, 'on');
};
iD.ui.intro.navigation = function(context, reveal) {
    var event = d3.dispatch('done'),
        timeouts = [];

    var step = {
        title: 'intro.navigation.title'
    };

    function set(f, t) {
        timeouts.push(window.setTimeout(f, t));
    }

    function eventCancel() {
        d3.event.stopPropagation();
        d3.event.preventDefault();
    }

    step.enter = function() {
        var rect = context.surfaceRect(),
            map = {
                left: rect.left + 10,
                top: rect.top + 70,
                width: rect.width - 70,
                height: rect.height - 170
            };

        context.map().centerZoom([-85.63591, 41.94285], 19);

        reveal(map, t('intro.navigation.drag'));

        context.map().on('move.intro', _.debounce(function() {
            context.map().on('move.intro', null);
            townhall();
            context.on('enter.intro', inspectTownHall);
        }, 400));

        function townhall() {
            var hall = [-85.63645945147184, 41.942986488012565];

            var point = context.projection(hall);
            if (point[0] < 0 || point[0] > rect.width ||
                point[1] < 0 || point[1] > rect.height) {
                context.map().center(hall);
            }

            var box = iD.ui.intro.pointBox(hall, context);
            reveal(box, t('intro.navigation.select'));

            context.map().on('move.intro', function() {
                var box = iD.ui.intro.pointBox(hall, context);
                reveal(box, t('intro.navigation.select'), {duration: 0});
            });
        }

        function inspectTownHall(mode) {
            if (mode.id !== 'select') return;
            context.on('enter.intro', null);
            context.map().on('move.intro', null);
            set(function() {
                reveal('.entity-editor-pane',
                    t('intro.navigation.pane', { button: iD.ui.intro.icon('#icon-close', 'pre-text') }));
                context.on('exit.intro', streetSearch);
            }, 700);
        }

        function streetSearch() {
            context.on('exit.intro', null);
            reveal('.search-header input',
                t('intro.navigation.search', { name: t('intro.graph.spring_st') }));
            d3.select('.search-header input').on('keyup.intro', searchResult);
        }

        function searchResult() {
            var first = d3.select('.feature-list-item:nth-child(0n+2)'),  // skip No Results item
                firstName = first.select('.entity-name'),
                name = t('intro.graph.spring_st');

            if (!firstName.empty() && firstName.text() === name) {
                reveal(first.node(), t('intro.navigation.choose', { name: name }));
                context.on('exit.intro', selectedStreet);
                d3.select('.search-header input')
                    .on('keydown.intro', eventCancel, true)
                    .on('keyup.intro', null);
            }
        }

        function selectedStreet() {
            var springSt = [-85.63585099140167, 41.942506848938926];
            context.map().center(springSt);
            context.on('exit.intro', event.done);
            set(function() {
                reveal('.entity-editor-pane',
                    t('intro.navigation.chosen', {
                        name: t('intro.graph.spring_st'),
                        button: iD.ui.intro.icon('#icon-close', 'pre-text')
                    }));
            }, 400);
        }
    };

    step.exit = function() {
        timeouts.forEach(window.clearTimeout);
        context.map().on('move.intro', null);
        context.on('enter.intro', null);
        context.on('exit.intro', null);
        d3.select('.search-header input')
            .on('keydown.intro', null)
            .on('keyup.intro', null);
    };

    return d3.rebind(step, event, 'on');
};
iD.ui.intro.point = function(context, reveal) {
    var event = d3.dispatch('done'),
        timeouts = [];

    var step = {
        title: 'intro.points.title'
    };

    function setTimeout(f, t) {
        timeouts.push(window.setTimeout(f, t));
    }

    function eventCancel() {
        d3.event.stopPropagation();
        d3.event.preventDefault();
    }

    step.enter = function() {
        context.map().centerZoom([-85.63279, 41.94394], 19);
        reveal('button.add-point',
            t('intro.points.add', { button: iD.ui.intro.icon('#icon-point', 'pre-text') }),
            { tooltipClass: 'intro-points-add' });

        var corner = [-85.632481,41.944094];

        context.on('enter.intro', addPoint);

        function addPoint(mode) {
            if (mode.id !== 'add-point') return;
            context.on('enter.intro', enterSelect);

            var pointBox = iD.ui.intro.pad(corner, 150, context);
            reveal(pointBox, t('intro.points.place'));

            context.map().on('move.intro', function() {
                pointBox = iD.ui.intro.pad(corner, 150, context);
                reveal(pointBox, t('intro.points.place'), {duration: 0});
            });
        }

        function enterSelect(mode) {
            if (mode.id !== 'select') return;
            context.map().on('move.intro', null);
            context.on('enter.intro', null);

            setTimeout(function() {
                reveal('.preset-search-input',
                    t('intro.points.search', {name: context.presets().item('amenity/cafe').name()}));
                d3.select('.preset-search-input').on('keyup.intro', keySearch);
            }, 500);
        }

        function keySearch() {
            var first = d3.select('.preset-list-item:first-child');
            if (first.classed('preset-amenity-cafe')) {
                reveal(first.select('.preset-list-button').node(), t('intro.points.choose'));
                d3.selection.prototype.one.call(context.history(), 'change.intro', selectedPreset);
                d3.select('.preset-search-input')
                    .on('keydown.intro', eventCancel, true)
                    .on('keyup.intro', null);
            }
        }

        function selectedPreset() {
            setTimeout(function() {
                reveal('.entity-editor-pane', t('intro.points.describe'), {tooltipClass: 'intro-points-describe'});
                context.history().on('change.intro', closeEditor);
                context.on('exit.intro', selectPoint);
            }, 400);
        }

        function closeEditor() {
            d3.select('.preset-search-input').on('keydown.intro', null);
            context.history().on('change.intro', null);
            reveal('.entity-editor-pane',
                t('intro.points.close', { button: iD.ui.intro.icon('#icon-apply', 'pre-text') }));
        }

        function selectPoint() {
            context.on('exit.intro', null);
            context.history().on('change.intro', null);
            context.on('enter.intro', enterReselect);

            var pointBox = iD.ui.intro.pad(corner, 150, context);
            reveal(pointBox, t('intro.points.reselect'));

            context.map().on('move.intro', function() {
                pointBox = iD.ui.intro.pad(corner, 150, context);
                reveal(pointBox, t('intro.points.reselect'), {duration: 0});
            });
        }

        function enterReselect(mode) {
            if (mode.id !== 'select') return;
            context.map().on('move.intro', null);
            context.on('enter.intro', null);

            setTimeout(function() {
                reveal('.entity-editor-pane',
                    t('intro.points.fixname', { button: iD.ui.intro.icon('#icon-apply', 'pre-text') }));
                context.on('exit.intro', deletePoint);
            }, 500);
        }

        function deletePoint() {
            context.on('exit.intro', null);
            context.on('enter.intro', enterDelete);

            var pointBox = iD.ui.intro.pad(corner, 150, context);
            reveal(pointBox, t('intro.points.reselect_delete'));

            context.map().on('move.intro', function() {
                pointBox = iD.ui.intro.pad(corner, 150, context);
                reveal(pointBox, t('intro.points.reselect_delete'), {duration: 0});
            });
        }

        function enterDelete(mode) {
            if (mode.id !== 'select') return;
            context.map().on('move.intro', null);
            context.on('enter.intro', null);
            context.on('exit.intro', deletePoint);
            context.map().on('move.intro', deletePoint);
            context.history().on('change.intro', deleted);

            setTimeout(function() {
                var node = d3.select('.radial-menu-item-delete').node();
                var pointBox = iD.ui.intro.pad(node.getBoundingClientRect(), 50, context);
                reveal(pointBox,
                    t('intro.points.delete', { button: iD.ui.intro.icon('#operation-delete', 'pre-text') }));
            }, 300);
        }

        function deleted(changed) {
            if (changed.deleted().length) event.done();
        }

    };

    step.exit = function() {
        timeouts.forEach(window.clearTimeout);
        context.on('exit.intro', null);
        context.on('enter.intro', null);
        context.map().on('move.intro', null);
        context.history().on('change.intro', null);
        d3.select('.preset-search-input')
            .on('keyup.intro', null)
            .on('keydown.intro', null);
    };

    return d3.rebind(step, event, 'on');
};
iD.ui.intro.startEditing = function(context, reveal) {
    var event = d3.dispatch('done', 'startEditing'),
        modal,
        timeouts = [];

    var step = {
        title: 'intro.startediting.title'
    };

    function timeout(f, t) {
        timeouts.push(window.setTimeout(f, t));
    }

    step.enter = function() {
        reveal('.map-control.help-control',
            t('intro.startediting.help', { button: iD.ui.intro.icon('#icon-help', 'pre-text') }));

        timeout(function() {
            reveal('#bar button.save', t('intro.startediting.save'));
        }, 5000);

        timeout(function() {
            reveal('#surface');
        }, 10000);

        timeout(function() {
            modal = iD.ui.modal(context.container());

            modal.select('.modal')
                .attr('class', 'modal-splash modal col6');

            modal.selectAll('.close').remove();

            var startbutton = modal.select('.content')
                .attr('class', 'fillL')
                    .append('button')
                        .attr('class', 'modal-section huge-modal-button')
                        .on('click', function() {
                            modal.remove();
                        });

                startbutton.append('div')
                    .attr('class','illustration');
                startbutton.append('h2')
                    .text(t('intro.startediting.start'));

            event.startEditing();
        }, 10500);
    };

    step.exit = function() {
        if (modal) modal.remove();
        timeouts.forEach(window.clearTimeout);
    };

    return d3.rebind(step, event, 'on');
};
iD.presets = function() {

    // an iD.presets.Collection with methods for
    // loading new data and returning defaults

    var all = iD.presets.Collection([]),
        defaults = { area: all, line: all, point: all, vertex: all, relation: all },
        fields = {},
        universal = [],
        recent = iD.presets.Collection([]);

    // Index of presets by (geometry, tag key).
    var index = {
        point: {},
        vertex: {},
        line: {},
        area: {},
        relation: {}
    };

    all.match = function(entity, resolver) {
        var geometry = entity.geometry(resolver),
            geometryMatches = index[geometry],
            best = -1,
            match;

        for (var k in entity.tags) {
            var keyMatches = geometryMatches[k];
            if (!keyMatches) continue;

            for (var i = 0; i < keyMatches.length; i++) {
                var score = keyMatches[i].matchScore(entity);
                if (score > best) {
                    best = score;
                    match = keyMatches[i];
                }
            }
        }

        return match || all.item(geometry);
    };

    // Because of the open nature of tagging, iD will never have a complete
    // list of tags used in OSM, so we want it to have logic like "assume
    // that a closed way with an amenity tag is an area, unless the amenity
    // is one of these specific types". This function computes a structure
    // that allows testing of such conditions, based on the presets designated
    // as as supporting (or not supporting) the area geometry.
    //
    // The returned object L is a whitelist/blacklist of tags. A closed way
    // with a tag (k, v) is considered to be an area if `k in L && !(v in L[k])`
    // (see `iD.Way#isArea()`). In other words, the keys of L form the whitelist,
    // and the subkeys form the blacklist.
    all.areaKeys = function() {
        var areaKeys = {},
            ignore = ['barrier', 'highway', 'footway', 'railway', 'type'],
            presets = _.reject(all.collection, 'suggestion');

        // whitelist
        presets.forEach(function(d) {
            for (var key in d.tags) break;
            if (!key) return;
            if (ignore.indexOf(key) !== -1) return;

            if (d.geometry.indexOf('area') !== -1) {
                areaKeys[key] = areaKeys[key] || {};
            }
        });

        // blacklist
        presets.forEach(function(d) {
            for (var key in d.tags) break;
            if (!key) return;
            if (ignore.indexOf(key) !== -1) return;

            var value = d.tags[key];
            if (d.geometry.indexOf('area') === -1 &&
                d.geometry.indexOf('line') !== -1 &&
                key in areaKeys && value !== '*') {
                areaKeys[key][value] = true;
            }
        });

        return areaKeys;
    };

    all.load = function(d) {

        if (d.fields) {
            _.forEach(d.fields, function(d, id) {
                fields[id] = iD.presets.Field(id, d);
                if (d.universal) universal.push(fields[id]);
            });
        }

        if (d.presets) {
            _.forEach(d.presets, function(d, id) {
                all.collection.push(iD.presets.Preset(id, d, fields));
            });
        }

        if (d.categories) {
            _.forEach(d.categories, function(d, id) {
                all.collection.push(iD.presets.Category(id, d, all));
            });
        }

        if (d.defaults) {
            var getItem = _.bind(all.item, all);
            defaults = {
                area: iD.presets.Collection(d.defaults.area.map(getItem)),
                line: iD.presets.Collection(d.defaults.line.map(getItem)),
                point: iD.presets.Collection(d.defaults.point.map(getItem)),
                vertex: iD.presets.Collection(d.defaults.vertex.map(getItem)),
                relation: iD.presets.Collection(d.defaults.relation.map(getItem))
            };
        }

        for (var i = 0; i < all.collection.length; i++) {
            var preset = all.collection[i],
                geometry = preset.geometry;

            for (var j = 0; j < geometry.length; j++) {
                var g = index[geometry[j]];
                for (var k in preset.tags) {
                    (g[k] = g[k] || []).push(preset);
                }
            }
        }

        return all;
    };

    all.field = function(id) {
        return fields[id];
    };

    all.universal = function() {
        return universal;
    };

    all.defaults = function(geometry, n) {
        var rec = recent.matchGeometry(geometry).collection.slice(0, 4),
            def = _.uniq(rec.concat(defaults[geometry].collection)).slice(0, n - 1);
        return iD.presets.Collection(_.uniq(rec.concat(def).concat(all.item(geometry))));
    };

    all.choose = function(preset) {
        if (!preset.isFallback()) {
            recent = iD.presets.Collection(_.uniq([preset].concat(recent.collection)));
        }
        return all;
    };

    return all;
};
iD.presets.Category = function(id, category, all) {
    category = _.clone(category);

    category.id = id;

    category.members = iD.presets.Collection(category.members.map(function(id) {
        return all.item(id);
    }));

    category.matchGeometry = function(geometry) {
        return category.geometry.indexOf(geometry) >= 0;
    };

    category.matchScore = function() { return -1; };

    category.name = function() {
        return t('presets.categories.' + id + '.name', {'default': id});
    };

    category.terms = function() {
        return [];
    };

    return category;
};
iD.presets.Collection = function(collection) {

    var maxSearchResults = 50,
        maxSuggestionResults = 10;

    var presets = {

        collection: collection,

        item: function(id) {
            return _.find(collection, function(d) {
                return d.id === id;
            });
        },

        matchGeometry: function(geometry) {
            return iD.presets.Collection(collection.filter(function(d) {
                return d.matchGeometry(geometry);
            }));
        },

        search: function(value, geometry) {
            if (!value) return this;

            value = value.toLowerCase();

            var searchable = _.filter(collection, function(a) {
                    return a.searchable !== false && a.suggestion !== true;
                }),
                suggestions = _.filter(collection, function(a) {
                    return a.suggestion === true;
                });

            function leading(a) {
                var index = a.indexOf(value);
                return index === 0 || a[index - 1] === ' ';
            }

            // matches value to preset.name
            var leading_name = _.filter(searchable, function(a) {
                    return leading(a.name().toLowerCase());
                }).sort(function(a, b) {
                    var i = a.name().toLowerCase().indexOf(value) - b.name().toLowerCase().indexOf(value);
                    if (i === 0) return a.name().length - b.name().length;
                    else return i;
                });

            // matches value to preset.terms values
            var leading_terms = _.filter(searchable, function(a) {
                    return _.some(a.terms() || [], leading);
                });

            // matches value to preset.tags values
            var leading_tag_values = _.filter(searchable, function(a) {
                    return _.some(_.without(_.values(a.tags || {}), '*'), leading);
                });


            // finds close matches to value in preset.name
            var levenstein_name = searchable.map(function(a) {
                    return {
                        preset: a,
                        dist: iD.util.editDistance(value, a.name().toLowerCase())
                    };
                }).filter(function(a) {
                    return a.dist + Math.min(value.length - a.preset.name().length, 0) < 3;
                }).sort(function(a, b) {
                    return a.dist - b.dist;
                }).map(function(a) {
                    return a.preset;
                });

            // finds close matches to value in preset.terms
            var leventstein_terms = _.filter(searchable, function(a) {
                    return _.some(a.terms() || [], function(b) {
                        return iD.util.editDistance(value, b) + Math.min(value.length - b.length, 0) < 3;
                    });
                });

            function suggestionName(name) {
                var nameArray = name.split(' - ');
                if (nameArray.length > 1) {
                    name = nameArray.slice(0, nameArray.length-1).join(' - ');
                }
                return name.toLowerCase();
            }

            var leading_suggestions = _.filter(suggestions, function(a) {
                    return leading(suggestionName(a.name()));
                }).sort(function(a, b) {
                    a = suggestionName(a.name());
                    b = suggestionName(b.name());
                    var i = a.indexOf(value) - b.indexOf(value);
                    if (i === 0) return a.length - b.length;
                    else return i;
                });

            var leven_suggestions = suggestions.map(function(a) {
                    return {
                        preset: a,
                        dist: iD.util.editDistance(value, suggestionName(a.name()))
                    };
                }).filter(function(a) {
                    return a.dist + Math.min(value.length - suggestionName(a.preset.name()).length, 0) < 1;
                }).sort(function(a, b) {
                    return a.dist - b.dist;
                }).map(function(a) {
                    return a.preset;
                });

            var other = presets.item(geometry);

            var results = leading_name.concat(
                            leading_terms,
                            leading_tag_values,
                            leading_suggestions.slice(0, maxSuggestionResults+5),
                            levenstein_name,
                            leventstein_terms,
                            leven_suggestions.slice(0, maxSuggestionResults)
                        ).slice(0, maxSearchResults-1);

            return iD.presets.Collection(_.uniq(
                    results.concat(other)
                ));
        }
    };

    return presets;
};
iD.presets.Field = function(id, field) {
    field = _.clone(field);

    field.id = id;

    field.matchGeometry = function(geometry) {
        return !field.geometry || field.geometry === geometry;
    };

    field.t = function(scope, options) {
        return t('presets.fields.' + id + '.' + scope, options);
    };

    field.label = function() {
        return field.t('label', {'default': id});
    };

    var placeholder = field.placeholder;
    field.placeholder = function() {
        return field.t('placeholder', {'default': placeholder});
    };

    return field;
};
iD.presets.Preset = function(id, preset, fields) {
    preset = _.clone(preset);

    preset.id = id;
    preset.fields = (preset.fields || []).map(getFields);
    preset.geometry = (preset.geometry || []);

    function getFields(f) {
        return fields[f];
    }

    preset.matchGeometry = function(geometry) {
        return preset.geometry.indexOf(geometry) >= 0;
    };

    var matchScore = preset.matchScore || 1;
    preset.matchScore = function(entity) {
        var tags = preset.tags,
            score = 0;

        for (var t in tags) {
            if (entity.tags[t] === tags[t]) {
                score += matchScore;
            } else if (tags[t] === '*' && t in entity.tags) {
                score += matchScore / 2;
            } else {
                return -1;
            }
        }

        return score;
    };

    preset.t = function(scope, options) {
        return t('presets.presets.' + id + '.' + scope, options);
    };

    var name = preset.name;
    preset.name = function() {
        if (preset.suggestion) {
            id = id.split('/');
            id = id[0] + '/' + id[1];
            return name + ' - ' + t('presets.presets.' + id + '.name');
        }
        return preset.t('name', {'default': name});
    };

    preset.terms = function() {
        return preset.t('terms', {'default': ''}).toLowerCase().trim().split(/\s*,+\s*/);
    };

    preset.isFallback = function() {
        var tagCount = Object.keys(preset.tags).length;
        return tagCount === 0 || (tagCount === 1 && preset.tags.hasOwnProperty('area'));
    };

    preset.reference = function(geometry) {
        var key = Object.keys(preset.tags)[0],
            value = preset.tags[key];

        if (geometry === 'relation' && key === 'type') {
            return { rtype: value };
        } else if (value === '*') {
            return { key: key };
        } else {
            return { key: key, value: value };
        }
    };

    var removeTags = preset.removeTags || preset.tags;
    preset.removeTags = function(tags, geometry) {
        tags = _.omit(tags, _.keys(removeTags));

        for (var f in preset.fields) {
            var field = preset.fields[f];
            if (field.matchGeometry(geometry) && field.default === tags[field.key]) {
                delete tags[field.key];
            }
        }

        delete tags.area;
        return tags;
    };

    var applyTags = preset.addTags || preset.tags;
    preset.applyTags = function(tags, geometry) {
        var k;

        tags = _.clone(tags);

        for (k in applyTags) {
            if (applyTags[k] === '*') {
                tags[k] = 'yes';
            } else {
                tags[k] = applyTags[k];
            }
        }

        // Add area=yes if necessary.
        // This is necessary if the geometry is already an area (e.g. user drew an area) AND any of:
        // 1. chosen preset could be either an area or a line (`barrier=city_wall`)
        // 2. chosen preset doesn't have a key in areaKeys (`railway=station`)
        if (geometry === 'area') {
            var needsAreaTag = true;
            if (preset.geometry.indexOf('line') === -1) {
                for (k in applyTags) {
                    if (k in iD.areaKeys) {
                        needsAreaTag = false;
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
            if (needsAreaTag) {
                tags.area = 'yes';
            }
        }

        for (var f in preset.fields) {
            var field = preset.fields[f];
            if (field.matchGeometry(geometry) && field.key && !tags[field.key] && field.default) {
                tags[field.key] = field.default;
            }
        }

        return tags;
    };

    return preset;
};
iD.validations = {};
iD.validations.DeprecatedTag = function() {

    var validation = function(changes) {
        var warnings = [];
        for (var i = 0; i < changes.created.length; i++) {
            var change = changes.created[i],
                deprecatedTags = change.deprecatedTags();

            if (!_.isEmpty(deprecatedTags)) {
                var tags = iD.util.tagText({ tags: deprecatedTags });
                warnings.push({
                    id: 'deprecated_tags',
                    message: t('validations.deprecated_tags', { tags: tags }),
                    entity: change
                });
            }
        }
        return warnings;
    };

    return validation;
};
iD.validations.ManyDeletions = function() {
    var threshold = 100;

    var validation = function(changes) {
        var warnings = [];
        if (changes.deleted.length > threshold) {
            warnings.push({
                id: 'many_deletions',
                message: t('validations.many_deletions', { n: changes.deleted.length })
            });
        }
        return warnings;
    };

    return validation;
};
iD.validations.MissingTag = function() {

    // Slightly stricter check than Entity#isUsed (#3091)
    function hasTags(entity, graph) {
        return _.without(Object.keys(entity.tags), 'area', 'name').length > 0 ||
            graph.parentRelations(entity).length > 0;
    }

    var validation = function(changes, graph) {
        var warnings = [];
        for (var i = 0; i < changes.created.length; i++) {
            var change = changes.created[i],
                geometry = change.geometry(graph);

            if ((geometry === 'point' || geometry === 'line' || geometry === 'area') && !hasTags(change, graph)) {
                warnings.push({
                    id: 'missing_tag',
                    message: t('validations.untagged_' + geometry),
                    tooltip: t('validations.untagged_' + geometry + '_tooltip'),
                    entity: change
                });
            }
        }
        return warnings;
    };

    return validation;
};
iD.validations.TagSuggestsArea = function() {

    // https://github.com/openstreetmap/josm/blob/mirror/src/org/
    // openstreetmap/josm/data/validation/tests/UnclosedWays.java#L80
    function tagSuggestsArea(tags) {
        if (_.isEmpty(tags)) return false;

        var presence = ['landuse', 'amenities', 'tourism', 'shop'];
        for (var i = 0; i < presence.length; i++) {
            if (tags[presence[i]] !== undefined) {
                return presence[i] + '=' + tags[presence[i]];
            }
        }

        if (tags.building && tags.building === 'yes') return 'building=yes';
    }

    var validation = function(changes, graph) {
        var warnings = [];
        for (var i = 0; i < changes.created.length; i++) {
            var change = changes.created[i],
                geometry = change.geometry(graph),
                suggestion = (geometry === 'line' ? tagSuggestsArea(change.tags) : undefined);

            if (suggestion) {
                warnings.push({
                    id: 'tag_suggests_area',
                    message: t('validations.tag_suggests_area', { tag: suggestion }),
                    entity: change
                });
            }
        }
        return warnings;
    };

    return validation;
};
})();
window.locale = { _current: 'en' };

locale.current = function(_) {
    if (!arguments.length) return locale._current;
    if (locale[_] !== undefined) locale._current = _;
    else if (locale[_.split('-')[0]]) locale._current = _.split('-')[0];
    return locale;
};

function t(s, o, loc) {
    loc = loc || locale._current;

    var path = s.split(".").reverse(),
        rep = locale[loc];

    while (rep !== undefined && path.length) rep = rep[path.pop()];

    if (rep !== undefined) {
        if (o) for (var k in o) rep = rep.replace('{' + k + '}', o[k]);
        return rep;
    }

    if (loc !== 'en') {
        return t(s, o, 'en');
    }

    if (o && 'default' in o) {
        return o['default'];
    }

    var missing = 'Missing ' + loc + ' translation: ' + s;
    if (typeof console !== "undefined") console.error(missing);

    return missing;
}
iD.introGraph = 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To choose a line, press the Shift key and click on it to select it.","annotation":{"line":"Continued a line.","area":"Continued an area."}},"cancel_draw":{"annotation":"Canceled drawing."},"change_role":{"annotation":"Changed the role of a relation member."},"change_tags":{"annotation":"Changed tags."},"circularize":{"title":"Circularize","description":{"line":"Make this line circular.","area":"Make this area circular."},"key":"O","annotation":{"line":"Made a line circular.","area":"Made an area circular."},"not_closed":"This can't be made circular because it's not a loop.","too_large":"This can't be made circular because not enough of it is currently visible.","connected_to_hidden":"This can't be made circular because it is connected to a hidden feature."},"orthogonalize":{"title":"Square","description":{"line":"Square the corners of this line.","area":"Square the corners of this area."},"key":"S","annotation":{"line":"Squared the corners of a line.","area":"Squared the corners of an area."},"not_squarish":"This can't be made square because it is not squarish.","too_large":"This can't be made square because not enough of it is currently visible.","connected_to_hidden":"This can't be made square because it is connected to a hidden feature."},"straighten":{"title":"Straighten","description":"Straighten this line.","key":"S","annotation":"Straightened a line.","too_bendy":"This can't be straightened because it bends too much.","connected_to_hidden":"This line can't be straightened because it is connected to a hidden feature."},"delete":{"title":"Delete","description":"Delete object permanently.","annotation":{"point":"Deleted a point.","vertex":"Deleted a node from a way.","line":"Deleted a line.","area":"Deleted an area.","relation":"Deleted a relation.","multiple":"Deleted {n} objects."},"incomplete_relation":"This feature can't be deleted because it hasn't been fully downloaded.","part_of_relation":"This feature can't be deleted because it's part of a larger relation. You must remove it from the relation first.","connected_to_hidden":"This can't be deleted because it is connected to a hidden feature."},"add_member":{"annotation":"Added a member to a relation."},"delete_member":{"annotation":"Removed a member from a relation."},"connect":{"annotation":{"point":"Connected a way to a point.","vertex":"Connected a way to another.","line":"Connected a way to a line.","area":"Connected a way to an area."}},"disconnect":{"title":"Disconnect","description":"Disconnect these lines/areas from each other.","key":"D","annotation":"Disconnected lines/areas.","not_connected":"There aren't enough lines/areas here to disconnect.","connected_to_hidden":"This can't be disconnected because it is connected to a hidden feature.","relation":"This can't be disconnected because it connects members of a relation."},"merge":{"title":"Merge","description":"Merge these features.","key":"C","annotation":"Merged {n} features.","not_eligible":"These features can't be merged.","not_adjacent":"These features can't be merged because they aren't connected.","restriction":"These features can't be merged because at least one is a member of a \"{relation}\" relation.","incomplete_relation":"These features can't be merged because at least one hasn't been fully downloaded.","conflicting_tags":"These features can't be merged because some of their tags have conflicting values."},"move":{"title":"Move","description":"Move this to a different location.","key":"M","annotation":{"point":"Moved a point.","vertex":"Moved a node in a way.","line":"Moved a line.","area":"Moved an area.","multiple":"Moved multiple objects."},"incomplete_relation":"This feature can't be moved because it hasn't been fully downloaded.","too_large":"This can't be moved because not enough of it is currently visible.","connected_to_hidden":"This can't be moved because it is connected to a hidden feature."},"rotate":{"title":"Rotate","description":"Rotate this object around its center point.","key":"R","annotation":{"line":"Rotated a line.","area":"Rotated an area."},"too_large":"This can't be rotated because not enough of it is currently visible.","connected_to_hidden":"This can't be rotated because it is connected to a hidden feature."},"reverse":{"title":"Reverse","description":"Make this line go in the opposite direction.","key":"V","annotation":"Reversed a line."},"split":{"title":"Split","description":{"line":"Split this line into two at this node.","area":"Split the boundary of this area into two.","multiple":"Split the lines/area boundaries at this node into two."},"key":"X","annotation":{"line":"Split a line.","area":"Split an area boundary.","multiple":"Split {n} lines/area boundaries."},"not_eligible":"Lines can't be split at their beginning or end.","multiple_ways":"There are too many lines here to split.","connected_to_hidden":"This can't be split because it is connected to a hidden feature."},"restriction":{"help":{"select":"Click to select a road segment.","toggle":"Click to toggle turn restrictions.","toggle_on":"Click to add a \"{restriction}\" restriction.","toggle_off":"Click to remove the \"{restriction}\" restriction."},"annotation":{"create":"Added a turn restriction","delete":"Deleted a turn restriction"}}},"undo":{"tooltip":"Undo: {action}","nothing":"Nothing to undo."},"redo":{"tooltip":"Redo: {action}","nothing":"Nothing to redo."},"tooltip_keyhint":"Shortcut:","browser_notice":"This editor is supported in Firefox, Chrome, Safari, Opera, and Internet Explorer 11 and above. Please upgrade your browser or use Potlatch 2 to edit the map.","translate":{"translate":"Translate","localized_translation_label":"Multilingual name","localized_translation_language":"Choose language","localized_translation_name":"Name"},"zoom_in_edit":"Zoom in to Edit","logout":"logout","loading_auth":"Connecting to OpenStreetMap...","report_a_bug":"Report a bug","help_translate":"Help translate","feature_info":{"hidden_warning":"{count} hidden features","hidden_details":"These features are currently hidden: {details}"},"status":{"error":"Unable to connect to API.","offline":"The API is offline. Please try editing later.","readonly":"The API is read-only. You will need to wait to save your changes."},"commit":{"title":"Save Changes","description_placeholder":"Brief description of your contributions (required)","message_label":"Changeset comment","upload_explanation":"The changes you upload will be visible on all maps that use OpenStreetMap data.","upload_explanation_with_user":"The changes you upload as {user} will be visible on all maps that use OpenStreetMap data.","save":"Save","cancel":"Cancel","changes":"{count} Changes","warnings":"Warnings","modified":"Modified","deleted":"Deleted","created":"Created","about_changeset_comments":"About changeset comments","about_changeset_comments_link":"//wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Good_changeset_comments","google_warning":"You mentioned Google in this comment: remember that copying from Google Maps is strictly forbidden.","google_warning_link":"http://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright"},"contributors":{"list":"Edits by {users}","truncated_list":"Edits by {users} and {count} others"},"infobox":{"selected":"{n} selected","geometry":"Geometry","closed":"closed","center":"Center","perimeter":"Perimeter","length":"Length","area":"Area","centroid":"Centroid","location":"Location","metric":"Metric","imperial":"Imperial"},"geometry":{"point":"point","vertex":"vertex","line":"line","area":"area","relation":"relation"},"geocoder":{"search":"Search worldwide...","no_results_visible":"No results in visible map area","no_results_worldwide":"No results found"},"geolocate":{"title":"Show My Location","locating":"Locating, please wait..."},"inspector":{"no_documentation_combination":"There is no documentation available for this tag combination","no_documentation_key":"There is no documentation available for this key","show_more":"Show More","view_on_osm":"View on openstreetmap.org","all_fields":"All fields","all_tags":"All tags","all_members":"All members","all_relations":"All relations","new_relation":"New relation...","role":"Role","choose":"Select feature type","results":"{n} results for {search}","reference":"View on OpenStreetMap Wiki","back_tooltip":"Change feature","remove":"Remove","search":"Search","multiselect":"Selected items","unknown":"Unknown","incomplete":"<not downloaded>","feature_list":"Search features","edit":"Edit feature","check":{"yes":"Yes","no":"No"},"add":"Add","none":"None","node":"Node","way":"Way","relation":"Relation","location":"Location","add_fields":"Add field:"},"background":{"title":"Background","description":"Background settings","percent_brightness":"{opacity}% brightness","none":"None","best_imagery":"Best known imagery source for this location","switch":"Switch back to this background","custom":"Custom","custom_button":"Edit custom background","custom_prompt":"Enter a tile URL template. Valid tokens are {z}, {x}, {y} for Z/X/Y scheme and {u} for quadtile scheme.","fix_misalignment":"Adjust imagery offset","imagery_source_faq":"Where does this imagery come from?","reset":"reset","offset":"Drag anywhere in the gray area below to adjust the imagery offset, or enter the offset values in meters.","minimap":{"description":"Minimap","tooltip":"Show a zoomed out map to help locate the area currently displayed."}},"map_data":{"title":"Map Data","description":"Map Data","data_layers":"Data Layers","fill_area":"Fill Areas","map_features":"Map Features","autohidden":"These features have been automatically hidden because too many would be shown on the screen.  You can zoom in to edit them."},"feature":{"points":{"description":"Points","tooltip":"Points of Interest"},"traffic_roads":{"description":"Traffic Roads","tooltip":"Highways, Streets, etc."},"service_roads":{"description":"Service Roads","tooltip":"Service Roads, Parking Aisles, Tracks, etc."},"paths":{"description":"Paths","tooltip":"Sidewalks, Foot Paths, Cycle Paths, etc."},"buildings":{"description":"Buildings","tooltip":"Buildings, Shelters, Garages, etc."},"landuse":{"description":"Landuse Features","tooltip":"Forests, Farmland, Parks, Residential, Commercial, etc."},"boundaries":{"description":"Boundaries","tooltip":"Administrative Boundaries"},"water":{"description":"Water Features","tooltip":"Rivers, Lakes, Ponds, Basins, etc."},"rail":{"description":"Rail Features","tooltip":"Railways"},"power":{"description":"Power Features","tooltip":"Power Lines, Power Plants, Substations, etc."},"past_future":{"description":"Past/Future","tooltip":"Proposed, Construction, Abandoned, Demolished, etc."},"others":{"description":"Others","tooltip":"Everything Else"}},"area_fill":{"wireframe":{"description":"No Fill (Wireframe)","tooltip":"Enabling wireframe mode makes it easy to see the background imagery."},"partial":{"description":"Partial Fill","tooltip":"Areas are drawn with fill only around their inner edges. (Recommended for beginner mappers)"},"full":{"description":"Full Fill","tooltip":"Areas are drawn fully filled."}},"restore":{"heading":"You have unsaved changes","description":"Do you wish to restore unsaved changes from a previous editing session?","restore":"Restore","reset":"Reset"},"save":{"title":"Save","help":"Save changes to OpenStreetMap, making them visible to other users.","no_changes":"No changes to save.","error":"Errors occurred while trying to save","status_code":"Server returned status code {code}","unknown_error_details":"Please ensure you are connected to the internet.","uploading":"Uploading changes to OpenStreetMap.","unsaved_changes":"You have unsaved changes","conflict":{"header":"Resolve conflicting edits","count":"Conflict {num} of {total}","previous":"< Previous","next":"Next >","keep_local":"Keep mine","keep_remote":"Use theirs","restore":"Restore","delete":"Leave Deleted","download_changes":"Or download your changes.","done":"All conflicts resolved!","help":"Another user changed some of the same map features you changed.\nClick on each item below for more details about the conflict, and choose whether to keep\nyour changes or the other user's changes.\n"}},"merge_remote_changes":{"conflict":{"deleted":"This object has been deleted by {user}.","location":"This object was moved by both you and {user}.","nodelist":"Nodes were changed by both you and {user}.","memberlist":"Relation members were changed by both you and {user}.","tags":"You changed the <b>{tag}</b> tag to \"{local}\" and {user} changed it to \"{remote}\"."}},"success":{"edited_osm":"Edited OSM!","just_edited":"You just edited OpenStreetMap!","view_on_osm":"View on OSM","facebook":"Share on Facebook","twitter":"Share on Twitter","google":"Share on Google+","help_html":"Your changes should appear in the \"Standard\" layer in a few minutes. Other layers, and certain features, may take longer.","help_link_text":"Details","help_link_url":"https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/FAQ#I_have_just_made_some_changes_to_the_map._How_do_I_get_to_see_my_changes.3F"},"confirm":{"okay":"Okay","cancel":"Cancel"},"splash":{"welcome":"Welcome to the iD OpenStreetMap editor","text":"iD is a friendly but powerful tool for contributing to the world's best free world map. This is version {version}. For more information see {website} and report bugs at {github}.","walkthrough":"Start the Walkthrough","start":"Edit Now"},"source_switch":{"live":"live","lose_changes":"You have unsaved changes. Switching the map server will discard them. Are you sure you want to switch servers?","dev":"dev"},"tag_reference":{"description":"Description","on_wiki":"{tag} on wiki.osm.org","used_with":"used with {type}"},"validations":{"untagged_point":"Untagged point","untagged_line":"Untagged line","untagged_area":"Untagged area","many_deletions":"You're deleting {n} objects. Are you sure you want to do this? This will delete them from the map that everyone else sees on openstreetmap.org.","tag_suggests_area":"The tag {tag} suggests line should be area, but it is not an area","untagged_point_tooltip":"Select a feature type that describes what this point is.","untagged_line_tooltip":"Select a feature type that describes what this line is.","untagged_area_tooltip":"Select a feature type that describes what this area is.","deprecated_tags":"Deprecated tags: {tags}"},"zoom":{"in":"Zoom In","out":"Zoom Out"},"cannot_zoom":"Cannot zoom out further in current mode.","full_screen":"Toggle Full Screen","gpx":{"local_layer":"Local GPX file","drag_drop":"Drag and drop a .gpx file on the page, or click the button to the right to browse","zoom":"Zoom to GPX track","browse":"Browse for a .gpx file"},"mapillary_images":{"tooltip":"Street-level photos from Mapillary","title":"Photo Overlay (Mapillary)"},"mapillary_signs":{"tooltip":"Traffic signs from Mapillary (must enable Photo Overlay)","title":"Traffic Sign Overlay (Mapillary)"},"mapillary":{"view_on_mapillary":"View this image on Mapillary"},"help":{"title":"Help","help":"# Help\n\nThis is an editor for [OpenStreetMap](http://www.openstreetmap.org/), the\nfree and editable map of the world. You can use it to add and update\ndata in your area, making an open-source and open-data map of the world\nbetter for everyone.\n\nEdits that you make on this map will be visible to everyone who uses\nOpenStreetMap. In order to make an edit, you'll need to\n[log in](https://www.openstreetmap.org/login).\n\nThe [iD editor](http://ideditor.com/) is a collaborative project with [source\ncode available on GitHub](https://github.com/openstreetmap/iD).\n","editing_saving":"# Editing & Saving\n\nThis editor is designed to work primarily online, and you're accessing\nit through a website right now.\n\n### Selecting Features\n\nTo select a map feature, like a road or point of interest, click\non it on the map. This will highlight the selected feature, open a panel with\ndetails about it, and show a menu of things you can do with the feature.\n\nTo select multiple features, hold down the 'Shift' key. Then either click\non the features you want to select, or drag on the map to draw a rectangle.\nThis will draw a box and select all the points within it.\n\n### Saving Edits\n\nWhen you make changes like editing roads, buildings, and places, these are\nstored locally until you save them to the server. Don't worry if you make\na mistake - you can undo changes by clicking the undo button, and redo\nchanges by clicking the redo button.\n\nClick 'Save' to finish a group of edits - for instance, if you've completed\nan area of town and would like to start on a new area. You'll have a chance\nto review what you've done, and the editor supplies helpful suggestions\nand warnings if something doesn't seem right about the changes.\n\nIf everything looks good, you can enter a short comment explaining the change\nyou made, and click 'Save' again to post the changes\nto [OpenStreetMap.org](http://www.openstreetmap.org/), where they are visible\nto all other users and available for others to build and improve upon.\n\nIf you can't finish your edits in one sitting, you can leave the editor\nwindow and come back (on the same browser and computer), and the\neditor application will offer to restore your work.\n\n### Using the editor\n\nA list of available keyboard shortcuts can be found [here](http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/ID/Shortcuts).\n","roads":"# Roads\n\nYou can create, fix, and delete roads with this editor. Roads can be all\nkinds: paths, highways, trails, cycleways, and more - any often-crossed\nsegment should be mappable.\n\n### Selecting\n\nClick on a road to select it. An outline should become visible, along\nwith a small tools menu on the map and a sidebar showing more information\nabout the road.\n\n### Modifying\n\nOften you'll see roads that aren't aligned to the imagery behind them\nor to a GPS track. You can adjust these roads so they are in the correct\nplace.\n\nFirst click on the road you want to change. This will highlight it and show\ncontrol points along it that you can drag to better locations. If\nyou want to add new control points for more detail, double-click a part\nof the road without a node, and one will be added.\n\nIf the road connects to another road, but doesn't properly connect on\nthe map, you can drag one of its control points onto the other road in\norder to join them. Having roads connect is important for the map\nand essential for providing driving directions.\n\nYou can also click the 'Move' tool or press the `M` shortcut key to move the entire road at\none time, and then click again to save that movement.\n\n### Deleting\n\nIf a road is entirely incorrect - you can see that it doesn't exist in satellite\nimagery and ideally have confirmed locally that it's not present - you can delete\nit, which removes it from the map. Be cautious when deleting features -\nlike any other edit, the results are seen by everyone and satellite imagery\nis often out of date, so the road could simply be newly built.\n\nYou can delete a road by clicking on it to select it, then clicking the\ntrash can icon or pressing the 'Delete' key.\n\n### Creating\n\nFound somewhere there should be a road but there isn't? Click the 'Line'\nicon in the top-left of the editor or press the shortcut key `2` to start drawing\na line.\n\nClick on the start of the road on the map to start drawing. If the road\nbranches off from an existing road, start by clicking on the place where they connect.\n\nThen click on points along the road so that it follows the right path, according\nto satellite imagery or GPS. If the road you are drawing crosses another road, connect\nit by clicking on the intersection point. When you're done drawing, double-click\nor press 'Return' or 'Enter' on your keyboard.\n","gps":"# GPS\n\nCollected GPS traces are one valuable source of data for OpenStreetMap. This editor\nsupports local traces - `.gpx` files on your local computer. You can collect\nthis kind of GPS trace with a number of smartphone applications as well as\npersonal GPS hardware.\n\nFor information on how to perform a GPS survey, read\n[Mapping with a smartphone, GPS, or paper](http://learnosm.org/en/mobile-mapping/).\n\nTo use a GPX track for mapping, drag and drop the GPX file onto the map\neditor. If it's recognized, it will be added to the map as a bright purple\nline. Click on the 'Map Data' menu on the right side to enable,\ndisable, or zoom to this new GPX-powered layer.\n\nThe GPX track isn't directly uploaded to OpenStreetMap - the best way to\nuse it is to draw on the map, using it as a guide for the new features that\nyou add, and also to [upload it to OpenStreetMap](http://www.openstreetmap.org/trace/create)\nfor other users to use.\n","imagery":"# Imagery\n\nAerial imagery is an important resource for mapping. A combination of\nairplane flyovers, satellite views, and freely-compiled sources are available\nin the editor under the 'Background Settings' menu on the right.\n\nBy default a [Bing Maps](http://www.bing.com/maps/) satellite layer is\npresented in the editor, but as you pan and zoom the map to new geographical\nareas, new sources will become available. Some countries, like the United\nStates, France, and Denmark have very high-quality imagery available for some areas.\n\nImagery is sometimes offset from the map data because of a mistake on the\nimagery provider's side. If you see a lot of roads shifted from the background,\ndon't immediately move them all to match the background. Instead you can adjust\nthe imagery so that it matches the existing data by clicking 'Fix alignment' at\nthe bottom of the Background Settings UI.\n","addresses":"# Addresses\n\nAddresses are some of the most useful information for the map.\n\nAlthough addresses are often represented as parts of streets, in OpenStreetMap\nthey're recorded as attributes of buildings and places along streets.\n\nYou can add address information to places mapped as building outlines\nas well as those mapped as single points. The optimal source of address\ndata is from an on-the-ground survey or personal knowledge - as with any\nother feature, copying from commercial sources like Google Maps is strictly\nforbidden.\n","inspector":"# Using the Inspector\n\nThe inspector is the section on the left side of the page that allows you to\nedit the details of the selected feature.\n\n### Selecting a Feature Type\n\nAfter you add a point, line, or area, you can choose what type of feature it\nis, like whether it's a highway or residential road, supermarket or cafe.\nThe inspector will display buttons for common feature types, and you can\nfind others by typing what you're looking for in the search box.\n\nClick the 'i' in the bottom-right-hand corner of a feature type button to\nlearn more about it. Click a button to choose that type.\n\n### Using Forms and Editing Tags\n\nAfter you choose a feature type, or when you select a feature that already\nhas a type assigned, the inspector will display fields with details about\nthe feature like its name and address.\n\nBelow the fields you see, you can click the 'Add field' dropdown to add\nother details, like a Wikipedia link, wheelchair access, and more.\n\nAt the bottom of the inspector, click 'Additional tags' to add arbitrary\nother tags to the element. [Taginfo](http://taginfo.openstreetmap.org/) is a\ngreat resource for learn more about popular tag combinations.\n\nChanges you make in the inspector are automatically applied to the map.\nYou can undo them at any time by clicking the 'Undo' button.\n","buildings":"# Buildings\n\nOpenStreetMap is the world's largest database of buildings. You can create\nand improve this database.\n\n### Selecting\n\nYou can select a building by clicking on its border. This will highlight the\nbuilding and open a small tools menu and a sidebar showing more information\nabout the building.\n\n### Modifying\n\nSometimes buildings are incorrectly placed or have incorrect tags.\n\nTo move an entire building, select it, then click the 'Move' tool. Move your\nmouse to shift the building, and click when it's correctly placed.\n\nTo fix the specific shape of a building, click and drag the nodes that form\nits border into better places.\n\n### Creating\n\nOne of the main questions around adding buildings to the map is that\nOpenStreetMap records buildings both as shapes and points. The rule of thumb\nis to _map a building as a shape whenever possible_, and map companies, homes,\namenities, and other things that operate out of buildings as points placed\nwithin the building shape.\n\nStart drawing a building as a shape by clicking the 'Area' button in the top\nleft of the interface, and end it either by pressing 'Return' on your keyboard\nor clicking on the first node drawn to close the shape.\n\n### Deleting\n\nIf a building is entirely incorrect - you can see that it doesn't exist in satellite\nimagery and ideally have confirmed locally that it's not present - you can delete\nit, which removes it from the map. Be cautious when deleting features -\nlike any other edit, the results are seen by everyone and satellite imagery\nis often out of date, so the building could simply be newly built.\n\nYou can delete a building by clicking on it to select it, then clicking the\ntrash can icon or pressing the 'Delete' key.\n","relations":"# Relations\n\nA relation is a special type of feature in OpenStreetMap that groups together\nother features. For example, two common types of relations are *route relations*,\nwhich group together sections of road that belong to a specific freeway or\nhighway, and *multipolygons*, which group together several lines that define\na complex area (one with several pieces or holes in it like a donut).\n\nThe group of features in a relation are called *members*. In the sidebar, you can\nsee which relations a feature is a member of, and click on a relation there\nto select the it. When the relation is selected, you can see all of its\nmembers listed in the sidebar and highlighted on the map.\n\nFor the most part, iD will take care of maintaining relations automatically\nwhile you edit. The main thing you should be aware of is that if you delete a\nsection of road to redraw it more accurately, you should make sure that the\nnew section is a member of the same relations as the original.\n\n## Editing Relations\n\nIf you want to edit relations, here are the basics.\n\nTo add a feature to a relation, select the feature, click the \"+\" button in the\n\"All relations\" section of the sidebar, and select or type the name of the relation.\n\nTo create a new relation, select the first feature that should be a member,\nclick the \"+\" button in the \"All relations\" section, and select \"New relation...\".\n\nTo remove a feature from a relation, select the feature and click the trash\nbutton next to the relation you want to remove it from.\n\nYou can create multipolygons with holes using the \"Merge\" tool. Draw two areas (inner\nand outer), hold the Shift key and click on each of them to select them both, and then\nclick the \"Merge\" (+) button.\n"},"intro":{"graph":{"city_hall":"Three Rivers City Hall","fire_department":"Three Rivers Fire Department","memory_isle_park":"Memory Isle Park","riverwalk_trail":"Riverwalk Trail","w_michigan_ave":"West Michigan Avenue","e_michigan_ave":"East Michigan Avenue","spring_st":"Spring Street","scidmore_park":"Scidmore Park","petting_zoo":"Scidmore Park Petting Zoo","n_andrews_st":"North Andrews Street","s_andrews_st":"South Andrews Street","n_constantine_st":"North Constantine Street","s_constantine_st":"South Constantine Street","rocky_river":"Rocky River","railroad_dr":"Railroad Drive","conrail_rr":"Conrail Railroad","st_joseph_river":"Saint Joseph River","n_main_st":"North Main Street","s_main_st":"South Main Street","water_st":"Water Street","foster_st":"Foster Street","portage_river":"Portage River","flower_st":"Flower Street","elm_st":"Elm Street","walnut_st":"Walnut Street","morris_ave":"Morris Avenue","east_st":"East Street","portage_ave":"Portage Avenue"},"navigation":{"title":"Navigation","drag":"The main map area shows OpenStreetMap data on top of a background. You can navigate by dragging and scrolling, just like any web map. **Drag the map!**","select":"Map features are represented three ways: using points, lines or areas. All features can be selected by clicking on them. **Click on the point to select it.**","pane":"When a feature is selected, the feature editor is displayed. The header shows us the feature type and the main pane shows the feature's attributes, such as its name and address. **Close the feature editor by pressing the {button} button in the top right.**","search":"You can also search for features in the current view, or worldwide. **Search for '{name}'**","choose":"**Choose {name} from the list to select it.**","chosen":"Great! {name} is now selected. **Close the feature editor by pressing the {button} button.**"},"points":{"title":"Points","add":"Points can be used to represent features such as shops, restaurants, and monuments. They mark a specific location, and describe what's there. **Click the {button} Point button to add a new point.**","place":"The point can be placed by clicking on the map. **Click the map to place the new point on top of the building.**","search":"There are many different features that can be represented by points. The point you just added is a Cafe. **Search for '{name}'**","choose":"**Choose Cafe from the list.**","describe":"The point is now marked as a cafe. Using the feature editor, we can add more information about the feature. **Add a name**","close":"The feature editor will remember all of your changes automatically.  When you change a feature, the close button will change to a checkmark. **Click the {button} button to close the feature editor**","reselect":"Often points will already exist, but have mistakes or be incomplete. We can edit existing points. **Click to select the point you just created.**","fixname":"**Change the name, then click the {button} button to close the feature editor.**","reselect_delete":"All features on the map can be deleted. **Click to select the point you created.**","delete":"The menu around the point contains operations that can be performed on it, including delete. **Click on the {button} button to delete the point.**"},"areas":{"title":"Areas","add":"Areas are used to show the boundaries of features like lakes, buildings, and residential areas. They can be also be used for more detailed mapping of many features you might normally map as points. **Click the {button} Area button to add a new area.**","corner":"Areas are drawn by placing nodes that mark the boundary of the area. **Click to place a starting node on one of the corners of the playground.**","place":"Draw the area by placing more nodes. Finish the area by clicking on the starting node. **Draw an area for the playground.**","search":"**Search for '{name}'.**","choose":"**Choose Playground from the list.**","describe":"**Add a name, then click the {button} button to close the feature editor**"},"lines":{"title":"Lines","add":"Lines are used to represent features such as roads, railroads, and rivers. **Click the {button} Line button to add a new line.**","start":"**Start the line by clicking on the end of the road.**","intersect":"Click to add more nodes to the line. You can drag the map while drawing if necessary. Roads, and many other types of lines, are part of a larger network. 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